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+[{"audio_id": "jD8YAUWVN3k", "text": {"jD8YAUWVN3k-00000-00001232-00001530": "Where is he? He’s always late...", "jD8YAUWVN3k-00001-00001596-00002311": "Come hang out with me, and I’ll show you how to be more... laid back, yeah!", "jD8YAUWVN3k-00002-00002496-00002582": "I’ll call him.", "jD8YAUWVN3k-00003-00003068-00003140": "Hello?", "jD8YAUWVN3k-00004-00003272-00003682": "Hey dude, where are you? We have a meeting for our group project, for English class.", "jD8YAUWVN3k-00005-00003682-00003896": "Everyone needs to be here now!", "jD8YAUWVN3k-00006-00004518-00005016": "Oh, man, I thought the meeting was tomorrow. I’m trying to catch some waves right now!", "jD8YAUWVN3k-00007-00005094-00005434": "You need to catch a wave to our team meeting dude! Our project is due tomorrow!", "jD8YAUWVN3k-00008-00005570-00006164": "Tomorrow? Tomorrow, that’s no good! I want to go to a beach party tonight...", "jD8YAUWVN3k-00009-00006220-00006753": "Dude? Don’t forget this project counts for fifty percent of our grade.", "jD8YAUWVN3k-00010-00006754-00007208": "About that? Aw man... I’ll get to it...", "jD8YAUWVN3k-00011-00007290-00007362": "Dude?", "jD8YAUWVN3k-00012-00007458-00007720": "This is how I manage my time.", "jD8YAUWVN3k-00013-00007752-00008452": "I can’t hear you! It’s really really loud! It’s really super extremely loud...", "jD8YAUWVN3k-00014-00008452-00008634": "Dude?"}}, {"audio_id": "jDA8icU0Pby", "text": {"jDA8icU0Pby-00000-00000000-00000480": "In this tower of fantasy guy not only am I going to give you guys tips on how you can level up", "jDA8icU0Pby-00001-00000480-00000927": "and progress faster and avoid mistakes but if you stick around to the end I'm going to share", "jDA8icU0Pby-00002-00000927-00001472": "with you guys how I got over 30 free summons in less than 30 minutes so make sure you stay tuned", "jDA8icU0Pby-00003-00001472-00001880": "alright let's jump right in by talking about weapons characters and the mistakes you should", "jDA8icU0Pby-00004-00001880-00002424": "avoid when you get them in this game weapons and waifus are basically the same thing obtaining a", "jDA8icU0Pby-00005-00002424-00002936": "weapon will allow you to play as the character that corresponds with that weapon for example if", "jDA8icU0Pby-00006-00002936-00003568": "you get the rosy edge from a summon you can then use and play as Meryl my god would you look at the", "jDA8icU0Pby-00007-00003568-00004079": "physics now most players just refer to the weapons by the name of the waifu or husbando that they", "jDA8icU0Pby-00008-00004079-00004592": "correspond to because let's face it they're the real reason that you're playing the game and also", "jDA8icU0Pby-00009-00004592-00005096": "because it's just easier to remember the name of the character no one actually says dual EM stars", "jDA8icU0Pby-00010-00005096-00005688": "they just say Samir now weapons come in three different rarities there's R which is blue SR", "jDA8icU0Pby-00011-00005688-00006344": "which is purple and SSR which is golden obviously SSR is the most powerful and also the most", "jDA8icU0Pby-00012-00006344-00006776": "difficult to obtain but luckily I'm going to tell you guys how to get more of them for free later in", "jDA8icU0Pby-00013-00006776-00007384": "the video but I do just want to say while the SRs are absolutely usable especially in the early game", "jDA8icU0Pby-00014-00007384-00008023": "for PvE content you mainly want to focus all of your time and resources on the SSRs that you are", "jDA8icU0Pby-00015-00008023-00008464": "actually able to get your hands on as you level up and augment your weapons you're going to realize", "jDA8icU0Pby-00016-00008464-00008936": "that it takes more and more of these consumable materials and it's important that you don't waste", "jDA8icU0Pby-00017-00008936-00009416": "these resources on weapons that you're not gonna use in the late game like these blue blades all", "jDA8icU0Pby-00018-00009416-00009792": "right now I know what you're thinking just give me the tier list what weapons are the best I already", "jDA8icU0Pby-00019-00009792-00010232": "made a video about the tier list so go ahead and check that out but as a rule of thumb I wouldn't", "jDA8icU0Pby-00020-00010232-00010784": "bring any of your blue weapons past level like 10 or 20 and I wouldn't bring your purple weapons", "jDA8icU0Pby-00021-00010784-00011344": "past level like 40 or maybe 50 if you're really unlucky with your summons and as you can see there", "jDA8icU0Pby-00022-00011344-00011776": "are three different weapons that you can have equipped at any given time this is your weapon", "jDA8icU0Pby-00023-00011776-00012296": "set and most of the strategy when fighting in this game comes from building a three weapon set", "jDA8icU0Pby-00024-00012296-00012760": "that has a really good synergy later we're gonna go more into detail about a lot of the different", "jDA8icU0Pby-00025-00012760-00013224": "stats here because I know this looks confusing but I promise it's very simple but for now let's start", "jDA8icU0Pby-00026-00013224-00013696": "to teach you how to level up faster yo what's he doing back there he's just creeping on me by the", "jDA8icU0Pby-00027-00013696-00014152": "way I'm not sponsored by tower fantasy so all the support on these videos lately has really gone a", "jDA8icU0Pby-00028-00014152-00014696": "long way some toxic members of the Gacha community have also been dislike botting my videos so going", "jDA8icU0Pby-00029-00014696-00015216": "and dropping a thumbs up to help me fight the bots is really greatly appreciated now in your first", "jDA8icU0Pby-00030-00015216-00015672": "couple of hours playing you're just going to want to focus on the main story as you progress you're", "jDA8icU0Pby-00031-00015672-00016280": "going to unlock more features in the game such as relics matrices daily quests a bunch of stuff is", "jDA8icU0Pby-00032-00016280-00016768": "only available once you progress through that main storyline once you reach the point in the story", "jDA8icU0Pby-00033-00016768-00017264": "where you head over to the banjo's dock I would say it's probably time to start slowing down and", "jDA8icU0Pby-00034-00017264-00017840": "return to Astra to continue to explore a little bit more by the way Astra is the starting island", "jDA8icU0Pby-00035-00017840-00018368": "it's in the bottom left corner of this massive map here I could not believe how many free things were", "jDA8icU0Pby-00036-00018368-00018816": "hidden across all of Astra that you could easily miss if you don't know what you're looking for", "jDA8icU0Pby-00037-00018816-00019304": "now the most important places to visit before you leave Astra are the three ruins which you can see", "jDA8icU0Pby-00038-00019304-00020104": "here in blue they're little blue towers there's ruin a01 ruin a03 and over here is ruin a02", "jDA8icU0Pby-00039-00020104-00020552": "completing all three of these ruins which are basically just little mini dungeons will give", "jDA8icU0Pby-00040-00020552-00021040": "you a ton of experience points as you can see here but more importantly you're gonna", "jDA8icU0Pby-00041-00021040-00021680": "unlock the missile barrage strange cube and omnium hand cannon relics and just like the jetpack and", "jDA8icU0Pby-00042-00021680-00022136": "jet board that you get from just doing some of the earlier story missions these three relics", "jDA8icU0Pby-00043-00022136-00022608": "are really going to help you out when exploring the world and also defeating some enemies the", "jDA8icU0Pby-00044-00022608-00023136": "missile barrage is especially helpful when you're relatively weak in the early game because it just", "jDA8icU0Pby-00045-00023136-00023728": "keeps on blasting baby no aiming required i love it now as you're traveling about Astra going to", "jDA8icU0Pby-00046-00023728-00024176": "these different ruins you want to make sure that you stop at all of these space rifts that you see", "jDA8icU0Pby-00047-00024176-00024584": "here on the map for me they're in yellow because I've already visited them but for you they're", "jDA8icU0Pby-00048-00024584-00025256": "gonna be in gray there are six space rifts across Astra alone and many more across the map as you'll", "jDA8icU0Pby-00049-00025256-00025720": "see but when you visit these space rifts for the first time it's going to give you the ability to", "jDA8icU0Pby-00050-00025720-00026424": "teleport or transmit back there for free whenever you want this is especially useful when you go to", "jDA8icU0Pby-00051-00026424-00026848": "do your daily bounties which we're going to talk about in a little bit or when you just want to", "jDA8icU0Pby-00052-00026848-00027383": "go to specific points on the map like down here to Robarg for example she's the first world boss", "jDA8icU0Pby-00053-00027383-00027904": "that you're going to encounter and I suggest you fight her with some friends she's also gorgeous uh", "jDA8icU0Pby-00054-00027904-00028344": "you know if you're into that kind of thing now as you're adventuring across the world there are two", "jDA8icU0Pby-00055-00028344-00028792": "things that I want you guys to keep your eye out for glowing chests that you see out in the world", "jDA8icU0Pby-00056-00028792-00029304": "and little white diamonds on your mini-map first let's talk about chests because they are a free", "jDA8icU0Pby-00057-00029304-00029848": "quick and easy way to gain a ton of experience as well as important items and resources there", "jDA8icU0Pby-00058-00029848-00030232": "are three main chests you're gonna see around the world there's these ball shaped ones there's", "jDA8icU0Pby-00059-00030232-00030680": "also these pyramid-shaped ones which are called password chests and there's these rusty green", "jDA8icU0Pby-00060-00030680-00031088": "ones the spherical ones actually show up on your mini-map and sometimes you're going to have to", "jDA8icU0Pby-00061-00031088-00031560": "defeat some enemies in order to collect them the password chests come in different rarities and", "jDA8icU0Pby-00062-00031560-00031976": "typically you're going to want to use an item to unlock them if you have them and the rusty", "jDA8icU0Pby-00063-00031976-00032608": "green ones are actually randomly spawned chests that respawn around the map and anybody can claim", "jDA8icU0Pby-00064-00032608-00033104": "them so if you see one of the rusty green ones go and get it quick okay before someone else gets it", "jDA8icU0Pby-00065-00033104-00033576": "okay now let's talk about those white diamonds on your mini map those indicate a small little", "jDA8icU0Pby-00066-00033576-00034136": "secret puzzle that when you solve it you get an item typically a black nucleus but also sometimes", "jDA8icU0Pby-00067-00034136-00034640": "a gold nucleus if you don't know what a black nucleus or gold nucleus is these are the items", "jDA8icU0Pby-00068-00034640-00035224": "that you need in order to perform a summon and summons are how you get the waifus okay so this", "jDA8icU0Pby-00069-00035224-00035680": "is like the whole point of the game here trust me you want nuclei as much as a fat kid wants", "jDA8icU0Pby-00070-00035680-00036320": "cake okay and i can make that joke because i was heavy luckily you can literally get over a hundred", "jDA8icU0Pby-00071-00036320-00036888": "of the black nucleus in Astra alone so make sure you actually spend some time to go around and do", "jDA8icU0Pby-00072-00036888-00037376": "this exploration plus it's also just a lot of fun solving these puzzles sometimes it's a dandelion", "jDA8icU0Pby-00073-00037376-00037760": "plant where you just have to hit the base of the plant to release the nucleus and then hit", "jDA8icU0Pby-00074-00037760-00038272": "the nucleus with a weapon or a bow sometimes it's just a nucleus on the ground covered in vines and", "jDA8icU0Pby-00075-00038272-00038792": "you have to hit it with a flame element weapon my favorite are the little blue plant tentacle things", "jDA8icU0Pby-00076-00038792-00039304": "where you have to go get a nearby ball robot and Kobe also there's like mushrooms that you gotta", "jDA8icU0Pby-00077-00039304-00039840": "bounce on and little potted plants that you have to also hit with a flame element weapon also if", "jDA8icU0Pby-00078-00039840-00040288": "you don't think you have a flame element weapon go ahead and check your inventory because they do", "jDA8icU0Pby-00079-00040288-00040832": "actually give you a flame element composite bow it's this blue bow right here and that will do", "jDA8icU0Pby-00080-00040832-00041400": "the trick some puzzles will also require frost element as well but it's pretty self-explanatory", "jDA8icU0Pby-00081-00041400-00041752": "I'm sure you can figure out which one those are now some of these little puzzles will also give", "jDA8icU0Pby-00082-00041752-00042248": "gold nuclei which is like the premium summon here in the game and all of this exploration is going", "jDA8icU0Pby-00083-00042248-00042688": "to contribute to various different achievements and missions here in the terminal as well as", "jDA8icU0Pby-00084-00042688-00043136": "your Astra exploration and these are just some more ways that you're going to get gold nuclei", "jDA8icU0Pby-00085-00043136-00043688": "and some dark crystals so I really can't emphasize how valuable these small little puzzles actually", "jDA8icU0Pby-00086-00043688-00044072": "are real quick as a side note if you don't know what to spend those dark crystals on I would say", "jDA8icU0Pby-00087-00044072-00044552": "most free to play and low spenders should probably spend most of the early game just getting the red", "jDA8icU0Pby-00088-00044552-00045112": "nucleus the special red nuclei are what you need for the limited time banners those are limited", "jDA8icU0Pby-00089-00045112-00045600": "time characters so this really is a premium currency now since I mentioned different weapons", "jDA8icU0Pby-00090-00045600-00046000": "can have different elements why don't we circle back to weapons and talk about them a little bit", "jDA8icU0Pby-00091-00046000-00046536": "more look all this seems confusing but trust me okay it's very simple weapons have four key things", "jDA8icU0Pby-00092-00046536-00047080": "to consider there's the resonance the element the shatter value and the charge value that's it okay", "jDA8icU0Pby-00093-00047080-00047424": "it gets a little bit more complex but this is a beginner's guide and this is really all you need", "jDA8icU0Pby-00094-00047424-00047896": "to know for now now a weapon's resonance is really just the role it's going to play in your weapon", "jDA8icU0Pby-00095-00047896-00048472": "lineup a weapon can either be DPS which is shown here in red defense which is shown here in yellow", "jDA8icU0Pby-00096-00048472-00048960": "or support which is shown here in blue this is literally just the holy trinity that pretty much", "jDA8icU0Pby-00097-00048960-00049552": "every MMORPG has okay there's damage tank and healer same thing here now mixing and matching", "jDA8icU0Pby-00098-00049552-00050064": "different resonance types will actually give you different little buffs here so if you have two DPS", "jDA8icU0Pby-00099-00050064-00050464": "you'll get this buff if you have two defense you'll get this buff or if you have an even", "jDA8icU0Pby-00100-00050464-00050960": "balance that's a topic for a whole other video but let's talk about the elements the elements are", "jDA8icU0Pby-00101-00050960-00051400": "just as simple and at the time of recording this there are only four elements in the game there's", "jDA8icU0Pby-00102-00051400-00052104": "flame frost volt and grievous each element has a different effect depending on the element type and", "jDA8icU0Pby-00103-00052104-00052608": "you can see that here and also some enemies will resist certain elements and you'll see that when", "jDA8icU0Pby-00104-00052608-00053120": "you're attacking them it will literally say resist on the screen it'll also show it underneath their", "jDA8icU0Pby-00105-00053120-00053591": "health bar finally let's talk about shatter and charge values these are very very simple i promise", "jDA8icU0Pby-00106-00053591-00054176": "a weapons shatter value determines how good it is at you guessed it shattering an enemy's", "jDA8icU0Pby-00107-00054176-00054720": "shield let's go I knew you knew the answer now not all enemies have shields but typically the", "jDA8icU0Pby-00108-00054720-00055272": "big beefy ones do okay those thick boys out in the open field and shattering that shield is key", "jDA8icU0Pby-00109-00055272-00055832": "to maximizing your DPS so you always want to make sure at least one of your weapons in your three", "jDA8icU0Pby-00110-00055832-00056432": "weapon set has a pretty high shatter value luckily echo here is a guaranteed SR that you get at the", "jDA8icU0Pby-00111-00056432-00056879": "beginning of the game and her shutter value is pretty good on the other hand we have the charge", "jDA8icU0Pby-00112-00056879-00057584": "value which determines how quickly you can charge your discharge ability see I told you this was", "jDA8icU0Pby-00113-00057584-00058144": "easy boys you had this in the bag these discharge abilities are super powerful so being able to use", "jDA8icU0Pby-00114-00058144-00058696": "them more often in battle is crucial so always make sure you have at least one weapon in your", "jDA8icU0Pby-00115-00058696-00059232": "three weapon set that also has a high charge value now one quick tip about discharge abilities while", "jDA8icU0Pby-00116-00059232-00059736": "we're talking about it is that you can actually recharge them instantaneously if you perfectly", "jDA8icU0Pby-00117-00059736-00060240": "dodge an enemy's attack this can be really tricky but it's worth practicing on some weaker enemies", "jDA8icU0Pby-00118-00060240-00060688": "because this can really help you a lot of times the enemy will have like a flash of red in their", "jDA8icU0Pby-00119-00060688-00061160": "eye and you want to time the dodge for right after that I promise getting this timing down", "jDA8icU0Pby-00120-00061160-00061591": "will literally save your life so you can come back and thank me later now like I said there's a lot", "jDA8icU0Pby-00121-00061591-00062048": "more we could cover about the weapons but there's just one last thing that I will cover here in the", "jDA8icU0Pby-00122-00062048-00062512": "beginner's guide and that is the star level that you see up here in the top you can increase the", "jDA8icU0Pby-00123-00062512-00063088": "star level of both the purple and the gold weapons not the crummy blue ones increasing the star level", "jDA8icU0Pby-00124-00063088-00063608": "of a weapon will further increase its stats and it will also give you a new passive ability", "jDA8icU0Pby-00125-00063608-00064304": "but there's a catch you can only upgrade the star level of a weapon if you have a duplicate of that", "jDA8icU0Pby-00126-00064304-00064872": "weapon so if you thought summoning a particular SSR was hard well great news you get to summon it", "jDA8icU0Pby-00127-00064872-00065576": "six more times let's go but that's what mom's credit card is for yeah I'm just kidding kids", "jDA8icU0Pby-00128-00065576-00066184": "please spend responsibly okay all right now let's jump back to leveling up not only faster but also", "jDA8icU0Pby-00129-00066184-00066752": "smarter there are some activities that you should prioritize on a daily basis because you can only", "jDA8icU0Pby-00130-00066752-00067296": "do them once a day and they typically will give you some really valuable items as well as a ton", "jDA8icU0Pby-00131-00067296-00067768": "of experience first of all is the daily bounties which you can see here on the screen you're gonna", "jDA8icU0Pby-00132-00067768-00068280": "get a bunch of black nucleus as well as a gold nucleus every single day which is incredible", "jDA8icU0Pby-00133-00068280-00068800": "there's also weekly quests here and completing the quests will give you progress towards this top bar", "jDA8icU0Pby-00134-00068800-00069184": "and at the very end if you complete all of it throughout the week you're gonna get free", "jDA8icU0Pby-00135-00069184-00069720": "dark crystal that is a free gold or red nucleus i hope you're starting to see how important some of", "jDA8icU0Pby-00136-00069720-00070336": "these currencies are okay these are your tickets to more waifus boys let's go now you also want", "jDA8icU0Pby-00137-00070336-00070848": "to make sure that you appreciate Mi-a's cooking at least three times per day okay he gives you", "jDA8icU0Pby-00138-00070848-00071360": "some free items and also a ton of experience for literally just clicking this taste button that's", "jDA8icU0Pby-00139-00071360-00071760": "it you just click the button the bar goes up in like two seconds and then you're done perhaps", "jDA8icU0Pby-00140-00071760-00072320": "even more important than getting a free meal from a baby robot is spending down your vitality points", "jDA8icU0Pby-00141-00072320-00072952": "which you can see here in the select adventure screen if this says 180 out of 180 you are wasting", "jDA8icU0Pby-00142-00072952-00073448": "value ah look I knew it you're wasting value pause the video quick go ahead and spend this down what", "jDA8icU0Pby-00143-00073448-00073864": "are you doing what are you waiting for so you can actually spend down this vitality here and", "jDA8icU0Pby-00144-00073864-00074440": "farm out some different equipment some different matrices you can also get materials and some", "jDA8icU0Pby-00145-00074440-00074960": "experience and things like that and you also can earn some crystal dust which I'm pretty sure", "jDA8icU0Pby-00146-00074960-00075520": "is slang for a particular drug but you can use it here in the crystal dust store to buy some nice", "jDA8icU0Pby-00147-00075520-00075976": "little gifts finally another time-gated thing that you should be doing every single day are these", "jDA8icU0Pby-00148-00075976-00076376": "trainings you're gonna get two different trainings every single day you can see ya boy didn't do", "jDA8icU0Pby-00149-00076376-00076888": "those and by doing these trainings you're gonna get some training points which is another currency", "jDA8icU0Pby-00150-00076888-00077392": "that you can use to get some special gifts now once you've finished all that time sensitive stuff", "jDA8icU0Pby-00151-00077392-00077992": "you can resume the main quest and at the beginning of this video I promised I would show you guys how", "jDA8icU0Pby-00152-00077992-00078744": "to get 30 free gold nucleus in a pretty quick time frame so here it is this map plots out the fastest", "jDA8icU0Pby-00153-00078744-00079448": "route to getting 17 gold nuclei and this is mainly across Astra and a little bit into bandages and", "jDA8icU0Pby-00154-00079448-00079864": "all you really need is that fire bow and the jet pack that you get pretty early on in the", "jDA8icU0Pby-00155-00079864-00080216": "story that's why it says here do the story until you get the fireball because you can't do all", "jDA8icU0Pby-00156-00080216-00080800": "these without it and you also get one gold nucleus from the main storyline and when you complete five", "jDA8icU0Pby-00157-00080800-00081360": "percent of the Banges exploration you get two more gold nuclei and finally the last 10 are actually", "jDA8icU0Pby-00158-00081360-00081952": "given to you for free from the pre-registration if you play the game right now that brings your", "jDA8icU0Pby-00159-00081952-00082720": "total up to 30 which is also the soft pity cap for new players you are guaranteed to get an SSR from", "jDA8icU0Pby-00160-00082720-00083264": "those three gold nuclei so good luck hopefully you get the one you want if you for some reason don't", "jDA8icU0Pby-00161-00083264-00083712": "get the 10 gold nuclei from the pre-registration because you're watching this months from now", "jDA8icU0Pby-00162-00083712-00084192": "just go back into the video where i talk about exploration and the small little puzzles you're", "jDA8icU0Pby-00163-00084192-00084688": "gonna get a bunch of gold nuclei from that as well so hitting 30 certainly won't take you very", "jDA8icU0Pby-00164-00084688-00085072": "long and it won't take that much effort either now hopefully if you made it all the way to the end of", "jDA8icU0Pby-00165-00085072-00085544": "this video I've earned a like on it it really does help out the channel a ton it helps get this video", "jDA8icU0Pby-00166-00085544-00085968": "out into the YouTube algorithm so other tower of fantasy players might see it also leave a comment", "jDA8icU0Pby-00167-00085968-00086360": "if there's any beginner tips that you wish you would have known when you first started playing", "jDA8icU0Pby-00168-00086360-00086872": "tower fantasy because I'm also still learning alongside you guys subscribe with the bell turned", "jDA8icU0Pby-00169-00086872-00087288": "on to be notified the next time that i upload a tower of fantasy video and with that being said", "jDA8icU0Pby-00170-00087288-00087712": "guys thank you so much for watching this has been Omniarch i will talk to you guys again soon peace"}}, {"audio_id": "jDaaFhApPkA", "text": {"jDaaFhApPkA-00000-00000080-00000416": "Section 6.3 Exponential and Logarithmic equations.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00001-00000488-00000744": "So we're going to learn how to solve equations that involve x", "jDaaFhApPkA-00002-00000808-00001192": "exponentials and logs. So some tools that may be useful.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00003-00001256-00001712": "Every equation is different so we'll go through examples on when to use these.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00004-00001800-00002176": "So one option is to rewrite in terms of exponential or log form,", "jDaaFhApPkA-00005-00002352-00002496": "we'll see that in the first example.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00006-00002576-00002736": "If the bases happen to match,", "jDaaFhApPkA-00007-00002736-00003215": "we can use those one-to-one properties of b to the x or log base b of x.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00008-00003296-00003752": "So what that tells me that is if 2 to the x equals 2 to the y,", "jDaaFhApPkA-00009-00003752-00004056": "since those bases match ,we can just say x equals y.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00010-00004176-00004448": "Or same with logs. So log base 2 of x", "jDaaFhApPkA-00011-00004528-00004960": "equals log base 2 of y since those bases match we can say x equals y.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00012-00005104-00005544": "If we have different bases then we'll use different properties. A common choice is", "jDaaFhApPkA-00013-00005544-00006192": "to take the natural log of both sides. So an example might be 3 to the x equals 2 to the y", "jDaaFhApPkA-00014-00006264-00006623": "right those are different bases. So we'll check all these out as we do examples.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00015-00006736-00007368": "So example 1. Let's solve 3 times log base 3 of x minus 1 equals 6.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00016-00007520-00008104": "So what I'm going to do first is I'm going to isolate the log so we're going to divide by 3", "jDaaFhApPkA-00017-00008272-00008656": "to isolate the log. Get rid of that coefficient of 3.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00018-00008832-00009824": "So we get log base 3 of x minus 1 equals 6 divided by 3 which is 2. And now that the log is isolated,", "jDaaFhApPkA-00019-00009824-00010232": "O'm going to go ahead and rewrite in exponential form, that will help me get rid of the log.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00020-00011072-00011528": "So we don't have matching bases because we don't have a log on both sides so the trick here is", "jDaaFhApPkA-00021-00011528-00012496": "to rewrite in exponential form. So 3 to the 2 power, base to the other side, equals x minus 1.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00022-00012624-00013152": "So 9 equals x minus 1 and now we have a nice linear equation.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00023-00013552-00014496": "Much easier to solve. And so I'll just add 1 to both sides and so x is 10 and that's it.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00024-00015104-00015488": "Should we try example two? So I notice I have", "jDaaFhApPkA-00025-00015488-00015880": "exponentials on both sides but the bases don't match.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00026-00016664-00017256": "So 2 to the x equals 4 to the x plus one. Right two is a base and four is a base.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00027-00017312-00018384": "They're not quite the same base but I think i can make the bases match.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00028-00018816-00019424": "So 2 to the x I'm going to leave as is. And then we probably know that 4 is 2 squared", "jDaaFhApPkA-00029-00019576-00020304": "and then to the x plus 1. So we're almost ready to use that one-to-one property but I'm going", "jDaaFhApPkA-00030-00020304-00020864": "to simplify the right side a little so 2 to the x and then we learned we can multiply powers.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00031-00020864-00021656": "So we get 2 the two x plus two. I would say the most common mistake is probably not", "jDaaFhApPkA-00032-00021656-00022160": "sharing the two with the one. So it's two times that whole x plus one.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00033-00022240-00022976": "And now we can use the one to one property and this property only works because the bases match.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00034-00023056-00023984": "So 2 and 2 match, so that tells me that x equals 2x plus 2.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00035-00024360-00024768": "So I'm going to go ahead and solve. It's nice and linear now. So we'll subtract 2x,", "jDaaFhApPkA-00036-00024968-00025872": "subtract 2x. So I get negative x equals two divide by negative one, so x is negative two.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00037-00026456-00027256": "And you can always check your work. So two to the negative two for the left side would be one", "jDaaFhApPkA-00038-00027256-00027912": "over two squared or one-fourth and then four to the negative two plus one for the right side,", "jDaaFhApPkA-00039-00028024-00028448": "would be four to the negative one or one-fourth, so they match!", "jDaaFhApPkA-00040-00029039-00029720": "Let's try one more where the bases match. So example three. We have five x squared equals 625,", "jDaaFhApPkA-00041-00029776-00030216": "they don't quite match but I think 625 is 5 to some power.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00042-00030472-00030632": "So I can make the bases match.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00043-00030968-00031232": "So then I'm going to leave it as 5 to the x squared.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00044-00031327-00032264": "What is 625? So we have 5 squared is 25, 5 cubed is 125 and it turns out that 5 to the fourth", "jDaaFhApPkA-00045-00032327-00032848": "is 625. So O'm going to rewrite 625 as 5 to the fourth.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00046-00032928-00033464": "And now that my base is matched that makes the equation nice and easy,", "jDaaFhApPkA-00047-00033560-00033856": "so we'll just say x squared equals four.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00048-00034184-00034648": "So that tells me x is two or negative two.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00049-00035008-00035336": "And we could check that right? 5 to the x squared...", "jDaaFhApPkA-00050-00035552-00035976": "5 to the 2 squared means 5 to the fourth which we said was 625.", "jDaaFhApPkA-00051-00036064-00036584": "Same with negative 2. We still get 5 to the 4th or 625."}}, {"audio_id": "jEnnwgO2wQ8", "text": {"jEnnwgO2wQ8-00000-00000000-00000202": "Pocket hand warmer to the rescue!", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00001-00000202-00000753": "Hi travellers, I'm Anne's daughter Lileko, this is a video about the Kathmandu hand warmer.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00002-00000753-00001248": "Honestly any of these, any style of these, some of which I have linked below", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00003-00001336-00001480": "are gonna do the same job.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00004-00001480-00001864": "It's so easy, it's not hot, it's mild.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00005-00001960-00002197": "But it does the job of taking the chill off.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00006-00002197-00002322": "Really it does.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00007-00002322-00002752": "So simply you can just shove it in your pocket and it's right there.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00008-00002752-00003050": "I mean it's better in a jacket, and it's just to take the chill off really.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00009-00003050-00003318": "It's not going to stay warm for ages.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00010-00003318-00003669": "You can see how big it is and that it just fits.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00011-00003669-00004097": "I received this as a gift from a family member because I am freezer from way back.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00012-00004097-00004176": "Give it a go.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00013-00004320-00004683": "The worst is you're like this isn't warm enough, which I definitely have felt.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00014-00004683-00004973": "Like if it was minus whatever it's not gonna do much.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00015-00004973-00005141": "But it is better than nothing.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00016-00005141-00005412": "And you could easily just slip it inside a glove too.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00017-00005412-00005924": "And because it's reusable it's nice but I have enjoyed it and I'm very grateful that I received this as a present.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00018-00005924-00006217": "When you haven't used it for a while it just stays hard.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00019-00006217-00006486": "So I'm just going to show how to warm it up.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00020-00006486-00006603": "Pop it in a pot.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00021-00006603-00006825": "I find this size that's it perfectly.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00022-00006825-00007040": "This is boiling hot water out the jug.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00023-00007264-00007715": "It's going to boil away and you can see it dissolving.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00024-00007715-00007950": "It's soon going to be clear.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00025-00007950-00008236": "I think it says to boil it for five minutes.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00026-00009424-00009801": "See the silver disk has come now, you can see it again clearly.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00027-00009801-00009984": "So I'm just gonna pop that.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00028-00010112-00010472": "That is quite warm, this is as hot as it's ever going to be.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00029-00010472-00010584": "You can pop the disc again.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00030-00010888-00011113": "So it says approximately for an hour.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00031-00011113-00011718": "If I had this inside my jacket pocket I'd expect most of the morning for it to stay warm.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00032-00011827-00012412": "However, if I'm taking it out and putting it back in again then it loses heat much quicker.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00033-00012412-00012661": "Oh it's 100 grams, so it's 100 grams when wet.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00034-00012661-00012959": "Obviously when it starts to go hard again it will be heavier.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00035-00012959-00013236": "It's a good idea, it is a good idea it.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00036-00013236-00013624": "I wouldn't say it's great for travelling because it's so heavy.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00037-00013624-00013844": "You would need a pot yeah obviously.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00038-00013844-00013998": "If you're camping great.", "jEnnwgO2wQ8-00039-00013998-00014647": "A nice cold day if you're going outside, going for a walk, gonna stand and watch whatever sport on the sideline."}}, {"audio_id": "jEABLoNbx2A", "text": {"jEABLoNbx2A-00000-00000103-00000729": "So if I pull up here and the Earth pulls down, it rotates clockwise.", "jEABLoNbx2A-00001-00000729-00001413": "Right-hand rule would tell you away from you, the way I have it set up right now.", "jEABLoNbx2A-00002-00001413-00001569": "And the way I have it drawn,", "jEABLoNbx2A-00003-00001569-00001906": "that was meant to be in the positive y-direction, C.", "jEABLoNbx2A-00004-00002080-00002425": "You can, you can see that once I let go with my left hand that, and", "jEABLoNbx2A-00005-00002425-00002835": "there's only two forces acting on it, then it rotates clockwise.", "jEABLoNbx2A-00006-00003322-00003961": "Which, which, by right-hand rule, it means an angular momentum change away from you.", "jEABLoNbx2A-00007-00004084-00004396": "And so a torque vector that points away from you.", "jEABLoNbx2A-00008-00004642-00004844": "And the way I had it drawn there, I,", "jEABLoNbx2A-00009-00004844-00005264": "I meant away from you away from you to be along the positive y-direction,", "jEABLoNbx2A-00010-00005264-00005585": "the positive y-direction coming backward like that.", "jEABLoNbx2A-00011-00005585-00006019": "So z is straight up, z is straight up, x is along this axis,", "jEABLoNbx2A-00012-00006019-00006241": "and y is coming back this way.", "jEABLoNbx2A-00013-00006241-00006690": "And so that's why the angular momentum vector ends up that way,", "jEABLoNbx2A-00014-00006690-00006862": "because it rotates clockwise.", "jEABLoNbx2A-00015-00006862-00007345": "And, and from that, you, you could, or from looking at this, these forces,", "jEABLoNbx2A-00016-00007345-00007997": "you could conclude that the torque is acting.", "jEABLoNbx2A-00017-00007997-00008482": "I could put it this way with an axle like that,", "jEABLoNbx2A-00018-00008482-00008743": "the torque is trying to make it rotate clockwise.", "jEABLoNbx2A-00019-00008743-00009212": "And so that's a pos, positive y-direction for the torque vector.", "jEABLoNbx2A-00020-00009567-00009946": "So what's the direction of the change in angular", "jEABLoNbx2A-00021-00009946-00010430": "momentum in this problem with those two forces only?"}}, {"audio_id": "jEe_spzhyAc", "text": {"jEe_spzhyAc-00000-00000000-00000214": "Funny videos OMG !! Best funny vines ever Try not to laugh Challenge Impossible", "jEe_spzhyAc-00001-00024764-00025292": "Funny videos OMG !! Best funny vines ever Try not to laugh Challenge Impossible"}}, {"audio_id": "jEEcntMG_PA", "text": {"jEEcntMG_PA-00000-00000021-00000221": "(music)", "jEEcntMG_PA-00001-00001192-00001304": "- Kia ora.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00002-00001304-00001517": "- [Audience] Kia ora.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00003-00001517-00001828": "- My name is Tracy Chou and I am a Fellow and Cohort 2", "jEEcntMG_PA-00004-00001828-00002172": "of the Edmund Hillary Fellowship.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00005-00002172-00002407": "My mountain is Old Gold Mountain,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00006-00002407-00002709": "which is the Chinese name for San Francisco", "jEEcntMG_PA-00007-00002709-00003018": "and my valley is the Valley of Silicon.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00008-00003018-00003338": "(audience laughs)", "jEEcntMG_PA-00009-00003338-00003490": "This is me as a child,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00010-00003490-00003726": "my parents both worked as software engineers", "jEEcntMG_PA-00011-00003726-00004001": "and so I grew up surrounded by computers.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00012-00004001-00004337": "I went on the study computer science at Stanford University", "jEEcntMG_PA-00013-00004337-00004587": "and then to work at startups like Facebook,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00014-00004587-00004777": "which was then about 500 people", "jEEcntMG_PA-00015-00004777-00004909": "and we really just thought we were helping", "jEEcntMG_PA-00016-00004909-00005084": "to connect the world.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00017-00005211-00005411": "Then Quora, one of Josh Hannah's investments.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00018-00005411-00005700": "I joined as a fifth person there.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00019-00005700-00005946": "And Pinterest, which I joined when it was about 10 people", "jEEcntMG_PA-00020-00005946-00006294": "and left when it was about a thousand.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00021-00006294-00006535": "Although it seems my path to being a software engineer", "jEEcntMG_PA-00022-00006535-00006771": "was as smooth and easy as anyone could have it,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00023-00006771-00006925": "it actually wasn't.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00024-00006925-00007139": "It always felt like something was off.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00025-00007139-00007407": "I assumed that, perhaps, something was wrong with me", "jEEcntMG_PA-00026-00007407-00007653": "and I wasn't cut out for tech.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00027-00007653-00007998": "My first big epiphany was a very belated realization", "jEEcntMG_PA-00028-00007998-00008178": "that my discomfort and frustrations", "jEEcntMG_PA-00029-00008178-00008298": "might be something to do", "jEEcntMG_PA-00030-00008298-00008615": "with the environment around me and not me.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00031-00008615-00008928": "When I looked at the engineering teams around me", "jEEcntMG_PA-00032-00008928-00009056": "they were mostly men", "jEEcntMG_PA-00033-00009056-00009306": "and even though there were other Asians,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00034-00009306-00009739": "most of the people in charge were white men.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00035-00009739-00009967": "My second big epiphany was a realization", "jEEcntMG_PA-00036-00009967-00010223": "of the great irony and hypocrisy", "jEEcntMG_PA-00037-00010223-00010493": "that for all of Silicon Valley's obsession with data", "jEEcntMG_PA-00038-00010493-00010822": "there was no data at all on diversity.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00039-00010822-00011019": "And so in October of 2013,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00040-00011019-00011271": "I posed a question to Silicon Valley,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00041-00011271-00011610": "which was \"Where are the numbers?\"", "jEEcntMG_PA-00042-00011610-00011900": "Unexpectedly, I sparked a wave of diversity data disclosures", "jEEcntMG_PA-00043-00011900-00012033": "from companies small and large", "jEEcntMG_PA-00044-00012033-00012316": "including Facebook, Google, Apple.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00045-00012560-00012875": "Here is some of that date for women in tech.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00046-00012875-00013375": "You can see the percentage of women in tech was not great.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00047-00013382-00013726": "This is in 2016, a slight increase.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00048-00013726-00013941": "2017, another slight increase.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00049-00013941-00014201": "But as you can see from these year-over-year trends", "jEEcntMG_PA-00050-00014201-00014467": "the progress has been very slow.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00051-00014612-00014813": "In 2016 I got together", "jEEcntMG_PA-00052-00014813-00015090": "with a group of seven other women in tech", "jEEcntMG_PA-00053-00015090-00015337": "and we formed a non-profit called Project Include,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00054-00015337-00015474": "to focus on solutions", "jEEcntMG_PA-00055-00015474-00015741": "for diversity inclusion in tech startups.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00056-00015741-00015903": "We did this because we were tired of hearing", "jEEcntMG_PA-00057-00015903-00016116": "about the problem and not enough", "jEEcntMG_PA-00058-00016116-00016283": "about how to fix it.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00059-00016472-00016723": "Our belief is that real, long-lasting solutions", "jEEcntMG_PA-00060-00016723-00016983": "need to be underpinned by a few core values.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00061-00016983-00017287": "One, being inclusive, two, comprehensive,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00062-00017287-00017490": "and three, accountable.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00063-00017490-00017821": "On that first point, true inclusivity.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00064-00017821-00018061": "We need diversity and inclusion beyond gender", "jEEcntMG_PA-00065-00018061-00018499": "and race and class and other superficial cuts of diversity.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00066-00018499-00018790": "For example, starting with Women First efforts", "jEEcntMG_PA-00067-00018790-00019029": "also, usually, means stopping at women", "jEEcntMG_PA-00068-00019029-00019359": "and they're usually the wealthy, white women.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00069-00019359-00019583": "Second, comprehensive solutions.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00070-00019583-00019979": "Just like three step, get rich quick schemes don't work,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00071-00019979-00020389": "three step, get diverse quick schemes also don't work.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00072-00020389-00020824": "True solutions need to be comprehensive and holistic.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00073-00020824-00021027": "And third on metrics and accountability.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00074-00021027-00021312": "We need to set goals and measure ourselves against them", "jEEcntMG_PA-00075-00021312-00021610": "to know if we are truly making progress.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00076-00021610-00021742": "Tactically, Project Include", "jEEcntMG_PA-00077-00021742-00021998": "has collated resources and recommendations", "jEEcntMG_PA-00078-00021998-00022166": "for startups, ranging from topics", "jEEcntMG_PA-00079-00022166-00022362": "like defining implementing culture", "jEEcntMG_PA-00080-00022362-00022640": "to manager training and resolving conflict.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00081-00022640-00022824": "And we also work with startups and cohorts", "jEEcntMG_PA-00082-00022824-00023151": "to implement these recommendations.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00083-00023151-00023409": "We've been doing this work for a few years now.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00084-00023409-00023510": "The last year was a", "jEEcntMG_PA-00085-00023510-00023708": "particularly interesting one in this space", "jEEcntMG_PA-00086-00023708-00024003": "because of the Me Too movement and all the disclosures", "jEEcntMG_PA-00087-00024003-00024215": "of gross and minor harassment,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00088-00024215-00024465": "misconduct and discrimination.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00089-00024640-00024743": "Relevant to this audience,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00090-00024743-00024957": "this is also where my diversity and inclusion work", "jEEcntMG_PA-00091-00024957-00025198": "starts to intersect with EHF.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00092-00025307-00025593": "Last fall, I met Andy, who you heard from yesterday,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00093-00025593-00025817": "through a Facebook group and we started talking", "jEEcntMG_PA-00094-00025817-00026188": "about what could be done in the wake of the Me Too movement", "jEEcntMG_PA-00095-00026188-00026483": "to capture that moment and make something of it.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00096-00026483-00026790": "Not long after, EHF shared the list of Cohort 2 Fellows", "jEEcntMG_PA-00097-00026790-00027050": "and we found each other on that list.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00098-00027050-00027204": "Knowing that we were now fellow Fellows", "jEEcntMG_PA-00099-00027204-00027524": "was a catalyst for us to renew our collaboration.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00100-00027524-00027713": "And just a month ago we launched a project", "jEEcntMG_PA-00101-00027713-00028074": "called Moving Forward, which calls on venture capital firms", "jEEcntMG_PA-00102-00028074-00028336": "to publish their inclusion and anti-harassment policies", "jEEcntMG_PA-00103-00028336-00028472": "and points of contact for founders", "jEEcntMG_PA-00104-00028472-00028735": "to reach out to if necessary.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00105-00028735-00029029": "We have had nearly a hundred firms pledge,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00106-00029029-00029272": "or participate or pledge to participate,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00107-00029272-00029518": "including some of the biggest and the most prestigious firms", "jEEcntMG_PA-00108-00029518-00029760": "in Silicon Valley and beyond.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00109-00029844-00030122": "But, fun fact, Andy and I only met in person", "jEEcntMG_PA-00110-00030122-00030417": "for the first time a week ago on the airport shuttle", "jEEcntMG_PA-00111-00030417-00030606": "coming in from Wellington.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00112-00030606-00030799": "Now we are tent mates, and running buddies,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00113-00030799-00030882": "and we've also gone out", "jEEcntMG_PA-00114-00030882-00031270": "to make friends with the cows in Aroha Valley.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00115-00031270-00031487": "Part of what excites me so much", "jEEcntMG_PA-00116-00031487-00031773": "about the Edmund Hillary Fellowship and New Frontiers", "jEEcntMG_PA-00117-00031773-00032115": "is the space for serendipitous meetings and collaborations", "jEEcntMG_PA-00118-00032115-00032310": "amongst cohorts of people here,", "jEEcntMG_PA-00119-00032310-00032632": "not just for laundry lists of professional accomplishments", "jEEcntMG_PA-00120-00032632-00032954": "but for character and integrity and heart.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00121-00032954-00033046": "Kia ora.", "jEEcntMG_PA-00122-00033046-00033271": "(applause)"}}, {"audio_id": "jEK2mUaypxY", "text": {"jEK2mUaypxY-00000-00000018-00000314": "In that way you know that you are doing something new,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00001-00000320-00000462": "to know that you are innovating.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00002-00000600-00000903": "It’s helping a lot of people,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00003-00000903-00001200": "the videos uploaded on Youtube and Facebook,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00004-00001200-00001458": "and also, the short videos", "jEK2mUaypxY-00005-00001458-00001765": "uploaded on Instagram are helping a lot of people.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00006-00001770-00002042": "We have to remember,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00007-00002060-00002620": "that the reason why we create this blog", "jEK2mUaypxY-00008-00002630-00002754": "is to help people.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00009-00003986-00004158": "On the way to a conference for entrepreneurs.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00010-00005990-00006090": "Hey…", "jEK2mUaypxY-00011-00006345-00006544": "Mau, you know…", "jEK2mUaypxY-00012-00006795-00007123": "I want you to help me to move forward,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00013-00007149-00007249": "with the blog.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00014-00007346-00007446": "Because…", "jEK2mUaypxY-00015-00007486-00007776": "I feel like I’m in the middle of this situation ,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00016-00007802-00008009": "Sometimes I think, is this project weird?", "jEK2mUaypxY-00017-00008031-00008320": "Or this is normal? I don't know sometimes I feel weird,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00018-00008362-00008566": "after more than a year.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00019-00008614-00008954": "But I think is very important,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00020-00008966-00009250": "to take the risk and don’t play safe,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00021-00009250-00009400": "and we are going to do it great!", "jEK2mUaypxY-00022-00009878-00010260": "We should not take care about what people think,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00023-00010296-00010700": "because nobody is doing what we do.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00024-00010772-00010992": "Nobody is doing this kind of blog project.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00025-00011062-00011226": "Besides Gary Vee,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00026-00011264-00011516": "I don’t know anyone else doing what we do.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00027-00011570-00011708": "With a Cameraman,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00028-00011824-00012368": "all day long.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00029-00012434-00012736": "This is going to be weird for a lot of people, because it's new.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00030-00012736-00012919": "Because we are innovating,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00031-00012932-00013330": "because we are keeping a record of this process in a different way.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00032-00013454-00013860": "For that reason I want us to get empower in this project.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00033-00014106-00014391": "Let’s get empower on this project,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00034-00014391-00014660": "I’m going to take this blog with more passion.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00035-00014660-00014760": "We are the first ones doing it.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00036-00015169-00015478": "That’s going to be strange.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00037-00015950-00016252": "But I want you to help me with this,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00038-00016288-00016580": "And I want to empower you,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00039-00016590-00016843": "to take control of this.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00040-00016868-00017163": "So you feel like you're doing something new,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00041-00017171-00017319": "because you're also an innovator.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00042-00017450-00017753": "It’s helping a lot of people,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00043-00017753-00018050": "The videos uploaded in Youtube and Facebook", "jEK2mUaypxY-00044-00018050-00018307": "And also the short videos", "jEK2mUaypxY-00045-00018307-00018615": "Uploaded on Instagram are helping a lot of people", "jEK2mUaypxY-00046-00018616-00018888": "we have to remember,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00047-00018892-00019400": "that the reason why we create this blog,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00048-00019430-00019602": "is to help people.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00049-00019639-00019788": "It’s weird for me,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00050-00019820-00020078": "being recorded all day long.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00051-00020078-00020402": "It’s weird to talk all day long to the camera ,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00052-00020416-00021084": "But I have to focus in the final goal that is to help people.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00053-00021228-00021686": "I want to continue with more strength,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00054-00021778-00021912": "focused on the project,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00055-00021980-00022284": "with more passion.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00056-00022322-00022638": "And not thinking about what people say.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00057-00022652-00022952": "Because this is something new,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00058-00022994-00023344": "good and well done.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00059-00023394-00023590": "Welcome to Santo Domingo.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00060-00023982-00024082": "And that’s it,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00061-00024224-00024324": "I want you to own this Mau.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00062-00024408-00024584": "I want you to own this blog.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00063-00024622-00024856": "I want to connect with more people, if we are going to do this, we are going to do it great!", "jEK2mUaypxY-00064-00024932-00025156": "And if we planned to do a good job, we are going to do a great job!", "jEK2mUaypxY-00065-00025238-00025542": "I want to take control of this, I want to get over the unconfutable felling.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00066-00025578-00025927": "I’m not going to think about what people say, and focus on the fact that we are innovating.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00067-00025998-00026312": "What I know that will be the future of blogging and personal branding,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00068-00026400-00026860": "What I know that will be the future of how to create value and communities.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00069-00026860-00027172": "But eventually will be the whole new way to make this business,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00070-00027192-00027514": "And I want to do it really well.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00071-00027566-00027718": "Because if we are the first ones to do it,", "jEK2mUaypxY-00072-00027726-00027786": "that’s amazing.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00073-00027798-00028306": "And if we are the first ones to do it at world class level, that’s unstoppable.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00074-00028494-00028644": "And that's what I want us to be.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00075-00028706-00028839": "Starting tonight.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00076-00028964-00029247": "Starting again.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00077-00029445-00029545": "Everything is ok.", "jEK2mUaypxY-00078-00029614-00029794": "We are doing great!"}}, {"audio_id": "jEThXBEWLFy", "text": {"jEThXBEWLFy-00000-00000030-00000786": "I am literally going to be uploading this video directly to YouTube, as you can see. this is going", "jEThXBEWLFy-00001-00000786-00001578": "to take an hour to render, like as you can see here. yeah, this is gonna take an hour to render."}}, {"audio_id": "jFAVhg9heTI", "text": {"jFAVhg9heTI-00000-00002074-00002346": "Wheat flour ( 1 cup )", "jFAVhg9heTI-00001-00002502-00003026": "Jowar (Sorghum) Flour ( 1/4 Cup )", "jFAVhg9heTI-00002-00003258-00003647": "Ajwain ( 1 tbs ) Sesame seeds ( 2 tbs )", "jFAVhg9heTI-00003-00003806-00004316": "Chilly Paste and Garlic paste ( both 1 tbs )", "jFAVhg9heTI-00004-00004490-00004942": "Salt ( as per taste ) Oil ( 2 tbs )"}}, {"audio_id": "jGm15niSM1c", "text": {"jGm15niSM1c-00000-00000000-00000397": "Tutorial knitting machine", "jGm15niSM1c-00001-00001155-00001454": "All buttons aren't chosen on both sliders", "jGm15niSM1c-00002-00002493-00002693": "Set mesh size to 4", "jGm15niSM1c-00003-00003408-00003706": "Slider to the left", "jGm15niSM1c-00004-00004355-00004753": "As an example, we want to cast on 20 stitches between left zero 10 and right zero 10 stitches", "jGm15niSM1c-00005-00006172-00006571": "Push the 20 needles to the 3rd position. That can be wrapped much better.", "jGm15niSM1c-00006-00010020-00010318": "When all the needles are wrapped, these need to be positioned and shaped.", "jGm15niSM1c-00007-00012812-00013310": "Then use the mesh comb. But no weight, that comes later.   Pull the wire of the comb back to before the last needle and pull the thread in front of the comb. Then thread the wire back in.", "jGm15niSM1c-00008-00016353-00016653": "Now knit off each needle manually so that you get the needles from position 3 to position 1.", "jGm15niSM1c-00009-00019579-00020079": "Pull the mesh comb down once and then - in this case - attach a small weight. The feeling for the required weight comes with time.", "jGm15niSM1c-00010-00023876-00024476": "Now slide the knitting sledge once over the first row on mesh size 4. This will flatten the stitches, but not knit them. When the knitting carriage is on the left again, press the V button to start knitting.", "jGm15niSM1c-00011-00031767-00032065": "If you liked it, reward me with a like and if you don't want to miss a video, subscribe to my channel.", "jGm15niSM1c-00012-00033385-00033683": "Thank you for watching this video."}}, {"audio_id": "jGKoqmltmok", "text": {"jGKoqmltmok-00000-00000000-00000200": "Free 2022 Type Beat C miner key"}}, {"audio_id": "jHmx6ZuA_a8", "text": {"jHmx6ZuA_a8-00000-00000000-00000398": "[AUDIENCE] Referring back to what you  said before about evolutionary biology...", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00001-00000398-00000624": "This is something I have been looking at, actually.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00002-00000624-00001092": "There is interest from many people and you can draw the similarities.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00003-00001092-00001744": "There is quite a lot of work being done in anthropology. [They have found that] evolution occurs more when...", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00004-00001744-00001972": "there is cooperation, not competition.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00005-00001972-00002490": "The greater the level of cooperation between certain species, the more evolution occurs.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00006-00002490-00003276": "If you draw that parallel back to digital economies and Bitcoin, going forward I think there will be...", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00007-00003276-00003768": "two types of currencies, and I wanted to know what your feedback is.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00008-00003768-00004244": "My vision is that one will be like the  Bitcoin model, where it is a rival game.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00009-00004244-00004862": "Either you [do the proof-of-work first, or I do], and it is trustless. Like the Chicago School way.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00010-00004862-00005910": "Then I think there will be another model where you have identities and associate some metrics for reputation,", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00011-00005910-00006302": "where people interact with each other.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00012-00006302-00006981": "I think there is a need for a cooperative  coin as well, for a relationship economy.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00013-00006981-00007502": "I just wanted to know what your position was about it.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00014-00007502-00008098": "[ANDREAS] Yeah, that was very clear.  There are two things in what you said.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00015-00008098-00008480": "First, cooperation is a very important part of evolution.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00016-00008480-00009412": "One of the concepts I didn't talk about was cross-pollination or horizontal transfer.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00017-00009412-00010170": "Modern biology [recognizes] that evolution happens through horizontal transfer of DNA between species,", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00018-00010170-00010766": "and across genetic lines, not just parents to child.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00019-00010766-00011382": "We take genetic material from viruses, viruses take genetic material from us and give it to bacteria...", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00020-00011382-00012750": "There is an exchange of blueprints for successful systems, jumping from one species to another.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00021-00012750-00013426": "I found that really interesting. There is a very close [parallel with] the open-source environment,", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00022-00013426-00013624": "where cryptocurrencies have grown up.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00023-00013624-00014674": "One of the important traits of this new  internet money is that it is all open-source.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00024-00014674-00015026": "If somebody comes up with a good idea and writes an implementation,", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00025-00015026-00015838": "that \"DNA\" can be copied by someone  else and incorporated into their system.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00026-00015838-00017180": "I think we shouldn't underestimate how rapidly Bitcoin is progressing, how much it is changing,", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00027-00017180-00017640": "[including] in some of the higher layers above it.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00028-00017640-00018538": "When you have a talented team of developers, they can adopt good ideas from other systems...", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00029-00018538-00019372": "and run them on top of a billion-dollar economy, that creates a very interesting environment.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00030-00019372-00020156": "I think we will see more cooperation, not necessarily with the currencies, but between implementations...", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00031-00020156-00020558": "through their open exchange of \"genetic material.\"", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00032-00020558-00021354": "Now, regarding consensus algorithms that are more cooperative versus competitive,", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00033-00021354-00021870": "I think consensus systems like that have some interesting work being done,", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00034-00021870-00022482": "for example incorporating basic income.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00035-00022482-00023404": "That is a different political perspective than what Bitcoin does, but these ideas will evolve over time.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00036-00023404-00024258": "Identity and reputation are a double-edged sword. They work really well in small communities...", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00037-00024258-00025032": "up to a couple hundred people, and that is part of our social makeup.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00038-00025032-00025826": "But if you try to scale those reputation systems beyond a certain point, they start collapsing.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00039-00025826-00026338": "Those systems actually become problematic.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00040-00026338-00026968": "I have talked about this before, but it is  something that I feel very strongly about.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00041-00026968-00027942": "Reputation systems require infrastructure within a society of humans [with the capacity] to forget.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00042-00027942-00028383": "Forgetting is a feature of human reputation systems.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00043-00028383-00029118": "When you have a small society that is capable of forgetting, but you [decide to include]...", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00044-00029118-00029639": "a mechanistic realm that strips those very human characteristics,", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00045-00029644-00030216": "it becomes a very rigid and inflexible system.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00046-00030216-00031168": "We already see this on Facebook and other social media, structures with very rigid systems of reputation,", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00047-00031168-00031920": "collaboration, and social interaction guided by algorithms written without accountability.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00048-00031920-00032792": "A very small number of people can control enormous populations. I am not sure that is a good way to go.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00049-00032792-00033596": "Collaborative consensus systems are great ideas, and they will evolve, but whether they can also scale...", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00050-00033596-00033732": "is another question.", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00051-00033732-00035018": "Do we really want to have reputation at scale? We can, but should we? Do we want to?", "jHmx6ZuA_a8-00052-00035018-00035364": "A bit broader perspective. Thanks for that question."}}, {"audio_id": "jHvM7_fqMA0", "text": {"jHvM7_fqMA0-00000-00000218-00000650": "You are the one for me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00001-00000692-00001062": "Your the only boy i see", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00002-00001104-00001482": "You are the one I want", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00003-00001538-00001854": "You are more than enough", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00004-00001920-00002308": "You are the one for me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00005-00002378-00002672": "You make me happy", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00006-00002728-00002870": "And i want you to love me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00007-00002912-00003106": "I want you to hold me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00008-00003128-00003478": "I want you to keep me close to you", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00009-00003514-00003686": "I want you to need me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00010-00003715-00003864": "I want you to miss me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00011-00003897-00004088": "I want you to kiss me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00012-00004118-00004286": "Like you do", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00013-00004314-00004500": "I need you here", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00014-00004530-00004660": "Here right now", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00015-00004688-00004852": "I'm breaking down", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00016-00004874-00005078": "Without your love", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00017-00005102-00005282": "I need you here", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00018-00005300-00005440": "Here right now", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00019-00005464-00005654": "I'm breaking down", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00020-00005660-00005898": "Without your touch", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00021-00005912-00006304": "We are far apart", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00022-00006334-00006670": "But your close to my heart", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00023-00006688-00006840": "You make me smile", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00024-00006858-00007058": "smile a while", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00025-00007084-00007231": "You make my heart", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00026-00007244-00007418": "Completely stop", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00027-00007456-00007662": "You make me nervous", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00028-00007673-00007816": "You make me breathless", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00029-00007848-00007986": "You make my world", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00030-00007992-00008204": "Spin around", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00031-00008224-00008424": "You make me happy", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00032-00008444-00008614": "You make me smile", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00033-00008614-00008840": "You make my life worth", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00034-00008864-00008964": "The while", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00035-00008998-00009198": "I want you to love me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00036-00009200-00009348": "I want you to hold me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00037-00009396-00009562": "I want you to keep me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00038-00009580-00009696": "Close to you", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00039-00009760-00009964": "I want you to need me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00040-00009978-00010200": "I want you to miss me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00041-00010232-00010366": "I want you to kiss me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00042-00010366-00010566": "Like you do", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00043-00010588-00010752": "I need you here", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00044-00010774-00010916": "Here right now", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00045-00010932-00011100": "I'm breaking down", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00046-00011124-00011324": "Without your love", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00047-00011348-00011514": "I need you here", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00048-00011540-00011666": "Here right now", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00049-00011694-00011834": "I'breaking down", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00050-00011860-00012114": "Without your touch", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00051-00012136-00012358": "I want you to love me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00052-00012388-00012588": "I want you to hold me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00053-00012608-00012742": "I want you to keep me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00054-00012762-00012952": "Close to You", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00055-00012974-00013169": "I want you to need me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00056-00013196-00013382": "I want you to miss me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00057-00013406-00013580": "I want you to kiss me", "jHvM7_fqMA0-00058-00013606-00013950": "Like you do"}}, {"audio_id": "jHCY12sy1Pg", "text": {"jHCY12sy1Pg-00000-00000000-00000604": "BANDAI NAMCO GAMES", "jHCY12sy1Pg-00001-00000604-00001010": "TOEI ANIMATION", "jHCY12sy1Pg-00002-00001010-00001466": "FUNIMATION ENTERTAINMENT", "jHCY12sy1Pg-00003-00001466-00001888": "OKRATRON 5000 GAMEVOXMUCSPX", "jHCY12sy1Pg-00004-00001888-00002088": "SPIKE", "jHCY12sy1Pg-00006-00002288-00002686": "DRAGON BALL Z TENKAICHI TAG TEAM", "jHCY12sy1Pg-00007-00002686-00002886": "PRESS  START", "jHCY12sy1Pg-00008-00002886-00003044": "LOAD GAME", "jHCY12sy1Pg-00009-00003044-00003200": "NEW GAME", "jHCY12sy1Pg-00010-00003200-00003400": "ADD YOUR NAME", "jHCY12sy1Pg-00011-00003400-00004690": "GEEKTCOO", "jHCY12sy1Pg-00012-00004690-00004890": "ARE YOU SURE ?", "jHCY12sy1Pg-00013-00004890-00005024": "OH YEAH !", "jHCY12sy1Pg-00014-00005024-00005224": "SAVEDATA ?", "jHCY12sy1Pg-00015-00005224-00005424": "OVERWRITE DATA"}}, {"audio_id": "jHW2WZCAicg", "text": {"jHW2WZCAicg-00000-00000021-00000343": "Now, do instrumentation, then we'll get right", "jHW2WZCAicg-00001-00000343-00000590": "to our fascinating case study at the end.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00002-00000590-00001051": "So how can we come in and intervene with the current state of clinical care?", "jHW2WZCAicg-00003-00001051-00001335": "The devices I've shown you so far are mostly for research.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00004-00001335-00001891": "What's the current active clinical use for peripheral nervous system?", "jHW2WZCAicg-00005-00001891-00002319": "Well electromiography, EMG, very widely used.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00006-00002319-00002599": "Diagnosis primarily.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00007-00002753-00003245": "Very simple surface recording elecrodes that are made by mantronics sometimes.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00008-00003245-00003400": "You can have penetrating electrodes if you", "jHW2WZCAicg-00009-00003400-00003818": "need very precise recording from a particular muscle.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00010-00004039-00004531": "But you can, for example, there's a nerve, the median nerve, which runs down the arm.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00011-00004531-00004962": "This is what's frequently damaged in carpal tunnel syndrome.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00012-00004962-00005269": "There's a little tunnel that runs through fibrous tissue in the wrist,", "jHW2WZCAicg-00013-00005269-00005631": "called the carpal tunnel, and the median nerve can be disrupted in that.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00014-00005631-00005969": "And you can assess disruptions in median nerve function.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00015-00005969-00006357": "You can record with surface electrodes over the thenar muscles.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00016-00006357-00006781": "The muscles in the, that control the thumb and you can stimulate it various upstream.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00017-00007027-00007369": "And you can measure the latency and the amplitude of the muscle response.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00018-00007369-00007477": "And that's incredibly helpful.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00019-00007477-00007747": "Let's get back to Guillan-Barre.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00020-00007747-00007858": "What do you see if you do that?", "jHW2WZCAicg-00021-00007968-00008516": "Well what you can do is measure things like the distal latency, the latency", "jHW2WZCAicg-00022-00008516-00009093": "to recording that electrical response in the muscle of the thumb.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00023-00009093-00009318": "And you can also measure the amplitude", "jHW2WZCAicg-00024-00009318-00009559": "of the compound muscle action potential, CMAP.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00025-00009697-00009837": "And this is what it normally looks like", "jHW2WZCAicg-00026-00009837-00010213": "and also after recovery, there is a short latency", "jHW2WZCAicg-00027-00010213-00010588": "4.9 milliseconds to the onset of this muscle, action", "jHW2WZCAicg-00028-00010588-00011150": "potential and acute Guillain-Barré, you actually get a much", "jHW2WZCAicg-00029-00011368-00011576": "greater distal latency.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00030-00011576-00011841": "And the amplitude of the resulting action", "jHW2WZCAicg-00031-00011841-00012232": "potential is spread out and reduced amplitude.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00032-00012232-00012464": "But this is characteristic of", "jHW2WZCAicg-00033-00012464-00012742": "the demyelination that happens in Guillain-Barré.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00034-00012742-00013083": "You've got reduced myelin, you've got slower conduction.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00035-00013083-00013190": "It's highly variable.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00036-00013190-00013443": "It's not that the muscle itself is damaged, so one question", "jHW2WZCAicg-00037-00013443-00013976": "is, well, you know, why is the muscle action potential lowered.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00038-00013976-00014418": "Well the answer is, it's kind of like a pull of all the muscles, first of all,", "jHW2WZCAicg-00039-00014418-00014572": "some of them are not getting their spikes at", "jHW2WZCAicg-00040-00014572-00014837": "all, because the spikes have failed and died out.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00041-00014837-00015209": "But also because there is highly variable conduction now", "jHW2WZCAicg-00042-00015209-00015485": "among all the different axons that conserve the muscle.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00043-00015607-00015757": "You've spread out the action potential.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00044-00015757-00016009": "The spikes are arriving at different times.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00045-00016009-00016428": "And the net amplitude at any, at the peak is reduced for that reason.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00046-00016428-00016575": "This a characteristic pattern for", "jHW2WZCAicg-00047-00016575-00016920": "peripheral nervous system [UNKNOWN] disorder.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00048-00016920-00017163": "Increased distal latency, reduced compound muscle.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00049-00017516-00017903": "Now that's what, you know, we can see for pure", "jHW2WZCAicg-00050-00017903-00018270": "demyelination, Guillain-Barre, decreased conduction velocity,", "jHW2WZCAicg-00051-00018270-00018579": "decreased compound muscle action, potential [INAUDIBLE].", "jHW2WZCAicg-00052-00018579-00019182": "You see something totally different with upper motor neurons, like a stroke.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00053-00019182-00019320": "Everything is completely normal.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00054-00019320-00019687": "Okay, so this can really help, someone comes in, with say, a weakness.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00055-00019813-00020243": "You do the EMG studies and it's completely normal.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00056-00020243-00020347": "That turns your attention at the", "jHW2WZCAicg-00057-00020347-00020633": "central nervous system, what's going on, centrally.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00058-00020633-00021173": "And then you can get, with neuromuscular", "jHW2WZCAicg-00059-00021173-00021560": "junction disorders, you get a different pattern.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00060-00021560-00021894": "You get normal conduction per velocity and distal", "jHW2WZCAicg-00061-00021894-00022342": "latency, right, because the, nerves themselves are fine.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00062-00022342-00022761": "So the speed at which the action potential gets down the axon is unchanged.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00063-00022761-00023018": "But then things right up the muscle are altered.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00064-00023018-00023327": "You got impaired release of", "jHW2WZCAicg-00065-00023327-00023665": "neurotransmitter, or impaired acetylcholine action.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00066-00023665-00024026": "You have reduced [UNKNOWN] muscle action [INAUDIBLE].", "jHW2WZCAicg-00067-00024026-00024218": "Very helpful diagnostically.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00068-00024218-00024864": "You can also come in and stimulate with some of these transcutaneous electrodes.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00069-00024864-00024997": "These are called TENS units.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00070-00025183-00025385": "Not completely clear how useful they are.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00071-00025385-00025800": "They can help people who have some peripheral pain syndromes.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00072-00025800-00026057": "You just hold it over the painful", "jHW2WZCAicg-00073-00026057-00026301": "area, people who have diabetic neuropathy, for example,", "jHW2WZCAicg-00074-00026301-00026832": "this can help, lower back pain some of the parameters of the pulses are shown here.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00075-00026963-00027143": "It's not completely clear how this works.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00076-00027143-00027318": "It might stimulate release of endorphins.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00077-00027318-00027672": "It might effectively just distract the patient from the pain.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00078-00027672-00027868": "So that's an interesting avenue for a control.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00079-00027976-00028324": "There is another avenue for a control which is not yet in clinical practice.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00080-00028324-00028425": "But I'll tell you a little bit about it.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00081-00028425-00028904": "It's what our, our group is known for working on something called optogenetics.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00082-00028904-00029068": "Electrodes, if you put them into", "jHW2WZCAicg-00083-00029068-00029374": "neurotissue you can't discriminate different kinds of", "jHW2WZCAicg-00084-00029374-00029702": "cells, that simulate everything that's nearby", "jHW2WZCAicg-00085-00029702-00029991": "but you have no cell type resolution.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00086-00029991-00030270": "With optogenetics what we do is we confer light sensitivity", "jHW2WZCAicg-00087-00030270-00030599": "onto neurons which are normally not light sensitive at all.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00088-00030599-00030961": "And we do that by bringing, light-activated ion", "jHW2WZCAicg-00089-00030961-00031170": "channels and pumps that we get from microbial", "jHW2WZCAicg-00090-00031170-00031462": "organisms, like algae, that make light-activated regulators of", "jHW2WZCAicg-00091-00031462-00031866": "ion flow, and we put those under genetic control.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00092-00031866-00032157": "And we introduce those into targeted neurons, and", "jHW2WZCAicg-00093-00032157-00032276": "then we can bathe the whole tissue, or", "jHW2WZCAicg-00094-00032276-00032520": "the whole nerve in light, but only The", "jHW2WZCAicg-00095-00032520-00032718": "cells that we've made light sensitive will respond.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00096-00032718-00033275": "And you can turn on or turn off using a optogenetic exciters or inhibitors.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00097-00033275-00033619": "So that affords the possibility for selective control.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00098-00033754-00034026": "kind of cool what these, proteins are call-, or look like.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00099-00034026-00034107": "These are called opsins.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00100-00034107-00034374": "And they're seven transmembrane proteins, just", "jHW2WZCAicg-00101-00034374-00034643": "like G protein couple receptors, except.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00102-00034643-00035005": "They form a dimer, and if you turn it on its end and you look there's actually", "jHW2WZCAicg-00103-00035005-00035495": "a pore through which ions can flow and they flow in a, in a light regulated way.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00104-00035598-00035901": "And we've found a huge diversity of these different opsins.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00105-00035901-00036234": "They respond to all different colors of light as shown here.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00106-00036234-00036475": "And they've go all kinds of kinetic properties operating", "jHW2WZCAicg-00107-00036475-00036790": "from No second scale to 30 minutes or so, and", "jHW2WZCAicg-00108-00036790-00036959": "so you can pick the one you want based", "jHW2WZCAicg-00109-00036959-00037386": "on the kinetics of a sort of response you want.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00110-00037386-00037685": "But the neat thing about these is it's just a single gene that", "jHW2WZCAicg-00111-00037685-00038116": "controls both light sensation and ion flow, so it's very easy to deliver.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00112-00038116-00038410": "Just one gene, you don't need to add chemicals.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00113-00038410-00038582": "They are from biology so they use", "jHW2WZCAicg-00114-00038582-00038964": "well tolerated wavelengths and intensities of light.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00115-00038964-00039148": "And they're very fast in here,", "jHW2WZCAicg-00116-00039148-00039380": "capitalizing on millions of years of evolution.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00117-00039380-00039764": "Nature has built this to be low noise, low", "jHW2WZCAicg-00118-00039764-00040266": "dark activity, and fast responses, big spectral diversity in there.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00119-00040266-00040637": "So this is kind of interesting but, first question is how do you get light in.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00120-00040637-00040982": "Well, you use fiber optics to get light in.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00121-00040982-00041522": "And so, this is the scattering problem.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00122-00041522-00041837": "Light is heavily scattered in neural tissue, and this is", "jHW2WZCAicg-00123-00041837-00042264": "due to the refractive index changes between lipid and water.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00124-00042264-00042536": "And this, if you just focus down here this is the drop", "jHW2WZCAicg-00125-00042536-00042908": "off of light powered [UNKNOWN] as a function of depth tissue, and you're", "jHW2WZCAicg-00126-00042908-00043200": "down to 1% this is allowing you're down to 1% of your", "jHW2WZCAicg-00127-00043200-00043654": "initial irradiance values by the time you're just one millimeter deep in tissue.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00128-00043654-00044260": "So you can just apply surface light but you can put in a fiber optic.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00129-00044260-00044459": "So we built fiber optic probes.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00130-00044459-00045153": "These are even thinner then deep brain stimulations electrodes.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00131-00045153-00045452": "All circuits with very high precision.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00132-00045452-00045843": "You can stick electrodes on them as well, so this is fiber optic in cross", "jHW2WZCAicg-00133-00045843-00046115": "sections 200 microns diameter that we put on", "jHW2WZCAicg-00134-00046115-00046359": "electrodes as well so we can both record.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00135-00046359-00046646": "And generate a closed loop stimulation.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00136-00046646-00046869": "Pretty light, they weigh less than two grams", "jHW2WZCAicg-00137-00046869-00047075": "of freely running, a mouse can carry them.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00138-00047269-00047933": "And the last thing before we get towards the case study, this is a very recent set", "jHW2WZCAicg-00139-00047933-00048379": "of work that was initiated by Scott Delp and", "jHW2WZCAicg-00140-00048379-00048636": "his colleagues and we helped out on the study.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00141-00048636-00048859": "But they did a peripheral nervous system intervention.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00142-00048859-00049309": "They made peripheral axons in the sciatic nerve light sensitive but", "jHW2WZCAicg-00143-00049309-00049833": "they channeled [UNKNOWN] one of the blue lighted activated excited channels.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00144-00049833-00050109": "And a couple that two yellow for us in proteins, you can see these", "jHW2WZCAicg-00145-00050109-00050271": "axons in the cross section that are", "jHW2WZCAicg-00146-00050271-00050557": "going to be light sensitive beside the overall nerve.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00147-00050663-00050795": "And they did some interesting studies.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00148-00050795-00051353": "So they took a animal, and they put a, optical cuff,", "jHW2WZCAicg-00149-00051353-00051912": "basically LED cuff around the peripheral nerve, and now you start to see how", "jHW2WZCAicg-00150-00051912-00052275": "you might selectively recruit a subset of fibers within the axon if", "jHW2WZCAicg-00151-00052275-00052614": "you can guide the expression of the channel [INAUDIBLE] subset of those cells.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00152-00052769-00053109": "We just take control mice, give an electrical stimulation and you", "jHW2WZCAicg-00153-00053109-00053545": "see a nice EMG response, nice forced generation by the muscle.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00154-00053545-00053889": "Blue light alone in control animals doesn't do anything.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00155-00053889-00054202": "But then if you have these animals that have the channelrhodopsin", "jHW2WZCAicg-00156-00054202-00054612": "in the peripheral nerves, you can see nice EMG responses to light.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00157-00054612-00054904": "And force generation response to light.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00158-00054904-00055539": "And amazingly, the light response, because it doesn't rely on this generation of", "jHW2WZCAicg-00159-00055539-00056210": "node to node current flow, but directly induces a spike in the target axon.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00160-00056210-00056689": "It recruits the small fibers first, which is what we call orderly recruitment.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00161-00056828-00057247": "Completely the opposite order of recruitment that electrical generates, so", "jHW2WZCAicg-00162-00057247-00057665": "that is pretty interesting, that allows you to achieve fine control.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00163-00057665-00058114": "Also it greatly reduces fatigue, so because we tend to recruit these large", "jHW2WZCAicg-00164-00058114-00058337": "fast fatiguing fibers first with electrical", "jHW2WZCAicg-00165-00058337-00058614": "stimulation, you get very rapid drop off.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00166-00058614-00058929": "In the muscle tension that's generated over time but the", "jHW2WZCAicg-00167-00058929-00059353": "optical approach is much more stable and much more [UNKNOWN].", "jHW2WZCAicg-00168-00059353-00059740": "And recently another group, not involving either Scott's group or myself,", "jHW2WZCAicg-00169-00059740-00059949": "but Scott wrote up a perspective on it in science, it", "jHW2WZCAicg-00170-00059949-00060121": "just came out last week", "jHW2WZCAicg-00171-00060121-00060421": "but pretty interesting bio-engineering application combining", "jHW2WZCAicg-00172-00060421-00061096": "opto-genetics with stem cells for a peripheral nerve intervention in, in mice.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00173-00061096-00061367": "They did a pretty cool thing, they made stem cells", "jHW2WZCAicg-00174-00061367-00061633": "express channels and then they", "jHW2WZCAicg-00175-00061633-00062008": "differentiated them into peripheral motor neurons.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00176-00062008-00062594": "And so this is pretty cool, you can make human ES cells express Channel options.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00177-00062594-00063022": "We showed that back in 2010 and you can get currents from the stem cells.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00178-00063022-00063258": "You can turn them into neurons and get action", "jHW2WZCAicg-00179-00063258-00063638": "potentials and that was also shown back in 2010.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00180-00063638-00064111": "What this group did just last week, is they said well let's put in these", "jHW2WZCAicg-00181-00064111-00064464": "embryoid body grafts of neurons of, of", "jHW2WZCAicg-00182-00064464-00064703": "cells, have been differentiated toward the neuro lineage.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00183-00064703-00065080": "We're going to implant them directly into the the nerve,", "jHW2WZCAicg-00184-00065198-00065519": "and they're going to regrow as peripheral axons will do, okay?", "jHW2WZCAicg-00185-00065519-00065924": "So they're going to send out their nerves and innervate the target muscle.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00186-00065924-00066110": "Now, they won't have, since we're injecting", "jHW2WZCAicg-00187-00066110-00066393": "right into the nerve, they won't have synapses.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00188-00066393-00066617": "They're not going to be controlled by the brain anymore.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00189-00066617-00066713": "But that's okay.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00190-00066713-00066866": "We're going to control them with light.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00191-00066866-00067135": "So we're going to come in and put a cuff around there.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00192-00067135-00067503": "And now, we've got and indeed showed that this characteristic", "jHW2WZCAicg-00193-00067503-00067855": "fatigue resistant pattern compared to the fatigue in lateral stimulation.", "jHW2WZCAicg-00194-00067855-00068053": "So, it's a combination stem cell", "jHW2WZCAicg-00195-00068053-00068418": "optogenetic control tool for performing [INAUDIBLE]."}}, {"audio_id": "jI2gYF2EUUy", "text": {"jI2gYF2EUUy-00000-00000086-00000600": "All right, everyone, so, we'll go ahead, and get started now, and, like I said, if you", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00001-00000600-00001163": "need to get up, and want to get more food, get more drinks, please feel free. So, I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00002-00001163-00001760": "hope you've all enjoyed the first half of the conference. I know I have. So, now,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00003-00001760-00002243": "we're going to have about an hour of hearing from some of our ASU students,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00004-00002243-00003074": "who actually all teach at... five of them actually all teach at a prison, and then", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00005-00003074-00003605": "one of our other students, Sarah, she hasn't had the opportunity to teach", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00006-00003605-00004185": "because of her very busy schedule, but she is a Pen Project intern. She", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00007-00004185-00004607": "has been for many semesters, so she's going to talk a lot about her experience", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00008-00004607-00005148": "with that. So, as I said before, my name is Lana Marie Musa. I'm one of the vice", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00009-00005148-00005787": "presidents of PEAC, and I also teach for the first time this semester a Woman and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00010-00005787-00006417": "Music class at the Perryville Women's Prison, and we study different female", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00011-00006417-00007095": "artists, and study their music, their songs, how they got to where they are in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00012-00007095-00007734": "a very male-dominated industry, and we also study how to sing. We do a lot of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00013-00007734-00008279": "singing as well, and the proper way to sing, and healthy way to sing, so it's", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00014-00008279-00008892": "an incredibly fun class, and the students are really enjoying it. So, I'm going to", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00015-00008892-00009435": "pass it over to our panel members, and hear about their experiences. So, we'll", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00016-00009435-00009879": "start off with, if you guys can just introduce yourselves, and talk about the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00017-00009879-00010343": "class that you teach, and where you teach, and how the opportunity came about for", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00018-00010343-00010979": "you. Sure, so, my name is Mia Armstrong I'm a senior here at ASU. I studied", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00019-00010979-00011589": "Journalism and Global Studies. I've been teaching in prisons in Arizona for about", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00020-00011589-00012114": "two years now. I started in Florence, which is the men's prison, and then for", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00021-00012114-00012489": "the last year and a half, I've been at Perryville, which is the woman's prison. I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00022-00012489-00013016": "teach Creative Nonfiction Writing and Journalism, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00023-00013016-00013590": "I started with Pen Project my freshman year, and because I kind of have a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00024-00013590-00014247": "personal experience to incarceration... So, my uncle had been incarcerated, and has", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00025-00014247-00014583": "been incarcerated basically my whole life, and I saw the difference that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00026-00014583-00015057": "volunteer-based programming made in his incarceration experience, and so that's", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00027-00015057-00015585": "when I came to ASU, and I saw the ability to participate in that for other people.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00028-00015585-00016131": "I, you know, wanted to participate. So, that's kind of why I I started. My name", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00029-00016131-00016647": "is Winter Roth. I'm a Biochemistry and Psychology double major. I'm actually", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00030-00016647-00017136": "taking over the panel slot for my co-teacher in our psychology course right", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00031-00017136-00017541": "now. She actually went home sick, so, I'll kind of try, and give some answers that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00032-00017541-00017940": "she would answer, but I taught business skills at Perryville about a year ago. I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00033-00017940-00018417": "teach psychology there now, and I started with the Pen Project my sophomore year", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00034-00018417-00018891": "after I was in Dr. Wells' freshman English class. She reached out to me, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00035-00018891-00019284": "I also had a family member incarcerated, so, that's why I decided to do the Pen", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00036-00019284-00020133": "Project. I am Sarah Layon. I am a senior here, and I'm majoring in Biological", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00037-00020133-00020870": "Sciences with a minor in Global Health. I have not had the opportunity to teach at", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00038-00020870-00021450": "any of the prisons due to my schedule, but I have been a Pen Project intern", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00039-00021450-00022086": "since my sophomore year. I think that this is my fifth semester doing it. I was actually", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00040-00022086-00022850": "in Winter's English class with Corey, and I'm actually glad Corey mentioned that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00041-00022850-00023409": "she got started with this due to a chance conversation in the chance", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00042-00023409-00023990": "encounter because that's how I got brought into this after our semester", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00043-00023990-00024573": "with her. She had a conversation with me, and it just sounded like a great", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00044-00024573-00025284": "opportunity to help other people explore their voice, so that really drew me into", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00045-00025284-00025541": "the program.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00046-00025704-00026227": "Hi, everyone my name is Nathan, I'm a Biomedical Engineering major. I've been,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00047-00026227-00026653": "this is my second semester teaching at the prison. I taught beginning Chinese", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00048-00026653-00027091": "last semester, and then this semester, I'm co-teaching a class titled Popular", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00049-00027091-00027605": "Culture and Rhetoric with Colleen. I got involved because Corey reached out to me in my", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00050-00027605-00028136": "freshman year after I took her English writing class, and then I didn't have", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00051-00028136-00028556": "time, my schedule was busy, but I was really interested. So, about a year later when I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00052-00028556-00028880": "had an opening in my schedule, I contacted her again, and then I got involved, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00053-00028880-00029278": "started teaching there. Both semesters I taught at Perryville, the women's prison.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00054-00029278-00029839": "So, so far, I've just started. I also do some tutoring while I'm there as well.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00055-00029839-00030350": "So, there's five students at Perryville who I work with on and off sometimes. I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00056-00030350-00030752": "teach the class with Colleen sometimes. I just help out with general subject", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00057-00030752-00031052": "tutoring on if they're preparing for their GEDs, or if they're taking another", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00058-00031052-00031637": "class, and I help them with that as well. Hi guys, my name is Chandler Fritz. I'm a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00059-00031637-00032111": "senior here studying English and Philosophy. I have taught, but I'm not", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00060-00032111-00032545": "currently teaching, unfortunately, at Florence Prison and Adobe Mountain", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00061-00032545-00033002": "Juvenile Facility, taught Creative Writing for a few years with a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00062-00033002-00033380": "co-partner, and then also as a teaching assistant at Adobe Mountain. I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00063-00033380-00034027": "got involved because I just wanted some teaching experience, and teaching in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00064-00034027-00034606": "prisons was open to any major in any school, so I reached out to Corey and was", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00065-00034606-00034981": "plugged into Florence, and then was there for a semester, and taught over the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00066-00034981-00035314": "summer, and for another semester at the Trooper Nell facility which I enjoyed", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00067-00035314-00035872": "quite a bit. Hi, my name is Amalia Handler, and I'm", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00068-00035872-00036787": "here representing the biology class, which is taught in Eyman, currently in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00069-00036787-00037393": "writing unit and also a geology, astronomy, and planetary science class,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00070-00037393-00037850": "which is just getting started this semester, and it's my third year teaching", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00071-00037850-00038584": "with biology, and these two classes have a pretty different format from a lot of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00072-00038584-00038987": "the other ASU classes in that they're team taught. So, we,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00073-00038987-00039854": "a team of over 12 graduate students and undergraduates in each class, and each", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00074-00039854-00040394": "individual class is team-taught by two of the instructors from that group, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00075-00040394-00040859": "we rotate so that people can teach classes about topics that they're", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00076-00040859-00041441": "particularly interested in, or have some area of expertise in particular, so just", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00077-00041441-00042005": "keep that. I'm representing many different perspectives, as my point on", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00078-00042005-00042506": "the panel today. Wonderful, thank you, guys, and thank you for being here, we greatly", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00079-00042506-00043109": "appreciate it. So, I thought we'd start off with, first, talking about how you", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00080-00043109-00043571": "guys structure your classes, what you guys, you know, put into this every week,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00081-00043571-00044111": "and how you lead in a class where resources are limited, and, you know,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00082-00044111-00044341": "classes sometimes are unexpectedly canceled.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00083-00044341-00044774": "You know, will show up sometimes, and you know, we're told that classes canceled", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00084-00044774-00045263": "for varying reasons, but, yeah, so, I thought we'd start with that. So, my first", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00085-00045263-00045749": "question is do you have more lecture-based activity base or discussion-based", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00086-00045749-00046208": "classes and what strategies have you found helpful in engaging your students", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00087-00046208-00046534": "with the course material, and then, Sarah, I thought you could talk a little bit", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00088-00046534-00047026": "about how you typically respond to the incarcerated students with Pen Project,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00089-00047026-00047495": "and what you provide them in terms of feedback. Also, I don't know if someone", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00090-00047495-00047930": "explained the Pen Project--did I miss that? For those of you who don't know,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00091-00047930-00048616": "the Pen Project is a distance learning course where ASU students respond to", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00092-00048616-00049019": "written work received from incarcerated students. So, they send us short fiction", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00093-00049019-00049697": "stories, poems, songs, that sort of thing, and we respond with tools to help them", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00094-00049697-00050659": "better their writing. Okay, so, I teach writing. So, it's definitely more hands-on.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00095-00050659-00051275": "What I've found has worked most effectively with my students", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00096-00051275-00051953": "is to just bring in a lot of well-written articles. I'm mostly focused", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00097-00051953-00052424": "on nonfiction and journalism, like I said. So, I just bring in a ton of articles", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00098-00052424-00053009": "that I enjoyed reading, and we discussed them because, I think, one of the issues", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00099-00053009-00053657": "for a lot of incarcerated people is that there's not access to, maybe, current", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00100-00053657-00054116": "reading material, or to the sorts of things that they want to read, and, so, I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00101-00054116-00054686": "try and be that conduit, to provide access to those sorts of things, and, I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00102-00054686-00055312": "think, we, you know, do a lot of reading and we do a lot of in-class activities,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00103-00055312-00056033": "where we do peer to peer editing, and then I also will work with students in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00104-00056033-00056591": "the classroom, and I think one of the things that I have started integrating", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00105-00056591-00057272": "into my classes too is a focus on, like, one final written project. So, maybe", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00106-00057272-00057800": "that's a really well-written letter to a family member, or maybe that's a really", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00107-00057800-00058330": "well-written personal essay that we spend three months editing so that they", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00108-00058330-00058802": "can, like, walk away with something that they can feel really proud of, and then", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00109-00058802-00059186": "even potentially get. There's various opportunities to publish incarcerated", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00110-00059186-00059776": "people's writing, and so I work with them to try and make that a possibility too.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00111-00059776-00060410": "So, I've taught two different courses. The first one was business skills. For that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00112-00060410-00060986": "class, we originally had a syllabus that had structured lectures for each week,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00113-00060986-00061400": "but we found that the students were a lot more receptive to working mostly on", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00114-00061400-00061799": "their resume building skills. So, they really liked to be able to work on their", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00115-00061799-00062285": "resumes outside of class or in class, and then bring them in for my co-teacher and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00116-00062285-00062629": "I to edit and go through it with them, really see all their mistakes so that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00117-00062629-00063067": "they can make those edits and bring them back, and also practicing interview", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00118-00063067-00063430": "skills directly. Really being able to give them that feedback was really", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00119-00063430-00063833": "helpful for them, and kind of to go off what Mia said, they really appreciated", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00120-00063833-00064250": "being able to walk away from the class with a written resume, and feeling like", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00121-00064250-00064541": "they had those interview skills that they could use when they were released.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00122-00064541-00065015": "For the psychology class that we're teaching, it's a little bit different. For", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00123-00065015-00065429": "that class, we do a lot of discussion based activities. We've done half lecture,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00124-00065429-00065995": "half Socratic seminar style. We like to kind of break up the class into lecture", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00125-00065995-00066275": "and then discussion, lecture, and discussion, and give them a break in the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00126-00066275-00066530": "middle, just so they don't feel overwhelmed by all of that information,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00127-00066530-00067022": "and we find that they're able to pair their experiences within prison with", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00128-00067022-00067301": "what we're actually teaching them in psychology. So, that's what we've found to", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00129-00067301-00068285": "be very beneficial for them. With all of my responses to incarcerated students, I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00130-00068285-00068969": "really try to find a balance between giving them examples of work that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00131-00068969-00069586": "relates to what they submitted. Kind of like Mia said, being that conduit for", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00132-00069586-00070304": "access to, like, current poems, and current essays, and current works that they might", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00133-00070304-00070754": "not otherwise be able to read and reference as they're going through their", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00134-00070754-00071327": "own writing process. So, it depends on, you know, what they've submitted, whether it's", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00135-00071327-00072011": "a poem, or an essay, or an article, or sometimes it's even a letter. Depending", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00136-00072011-00072464": "on what the format is, I try to cater directly to that, whether it's talking", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00137-00072464-00073192": "about specific literary devices or how its structured, but I always try to find", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00138-00073192-00073783": "that balance between \"this is what a student did great in their work,\" and \"this", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00139-00073783-00074231": "is what could be improved, and here's an example of where it's done well, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00140-00074231-00074810": "another piece,\" and just really giving them validation for the work that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00141-00074810-00075257": "they've submitted, in addition to, you know tips and tricks to help them", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00142-00075257-00075945": "improve upon that in future drafts. So, when I taught Chinese last semester, I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00143-00075945-00076313": "focused every single class on really trying to make it as interactive as", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00144-00076313-00076628": "possible, mainly because it's a really big", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00145-00076628-00077135": "obstacle to learning, when, first of all, it's only once a week class. So, I teach", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00146-00077135-00077527": "them Chinese, they don't speak Chinese for the entire week, I mean,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00147-00077527-00077995": "for obvious reasons, and then it's really hard to retain a lot of that, and that's", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00148-00077995-00078352": "just... that's just an obstacle that comes along with not being able to teach", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00149-00078352-00078710": "them and interact with the language on a daily basis. So, I really try and make it", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00150-00078710-00079174": "as interactive as possible, do activities that they can remember, and hopefully,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00151-00079174-00079657": "maybe, even use, and as they're walking around just, like, little things. It's kind", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00152-00079657-00080038": "of exciting when you see an object in real life, and you can say that object in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00153-00080038-00080480": "a different language. So, pointing out little things, being really interactive", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00154-00080480-00080932": "with the games or activities that we did, and also just lots of repetition", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00155-00080932-00081430": "with those activities. So, another obstacle is that you can't", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00156-00081430-00081877": "really bring in... I can't leave, like, a recorder device so they can remember how", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00157-00081877-00082258": "to say those things. So, it's easy to forget, so, I really try and repeat it,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00158-00082258-00082687": "have them speak, do a lot of speaking exercises, and that's how I like to", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00159-00082687-00083119": "structure my classes, just in a way that makes it really memorable, and hopefully,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00160-00083119-00083543": "even if they don't remember one thing, there was just like a couple of exciting", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00161-00083543-00083827": "things they learned. Like,  they learn how to say the word, like, \"awesome\" in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00162-00083827-00084232": "Chinese, and, so, by the end of the class, they would be able to say that one thing,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00163-00084232-00084538": "and they'd be able to express how awesome everything was, and that made", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00164-00084538-00085126": "me happy. So, just making it interactive was... for Chinese learning language was my", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00165-00085126-00086314": "goal, and making it memorable. Teaching creative writing is a lot of fun in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00166-00086314-00086816": "the prison system. I taught a couple styles at Florence. I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00167-00086816-00087248": "just had, kind of, a basic writing workshop. So, we workshop pieces the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00168-00087248-00087601": "students bring in, talking about them all together, it's like 90% praising the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00169-00087601-00088045": "peace, 10% constructive criticism, and it's cool, it kind of brings everyone", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00170-00088045-00088412": "together, a workshop, is, it's certainly like a bonding opportunity for people,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00171-00088412-00088783": "could get to be really vulnerable to share your written work, fiction or", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00172-00088783-00089366": "nonfiction, and when I got into the juvenile system, I wanted to teach", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00173-00089366-00089881": "something that just interested the students, and, well, 9 out of 10 of the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00174-00089881-00090331": "students, maybe, aren't reading like E.E. Cummings or T.S. Eliot, or other boring", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00175-00090331-00090825": "dead white guys. Those same nine of 10 are writing, like, rap lyrics every day,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00176-00090825-00091351": "and I'm not super fluent in that literary genre, but you couldn't tell by", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00177-00091351-00091900": "the everything about me, right? I knew slam poetry pretty well, and so I said,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00178-00091900-00092326": "\"Okay, why don't we just drop the music, and write your lyrics in the form of a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00179-00092326-00092654": "slam poem, you know, free verse, playing first doesn't have to have like a sonnet,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00180-00092654-00093043": "rhyming pattern,\" and so I did the same workshop with them, but doing slam", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00181-00093043-00093451": "poetry instead, and it turned out to be a lot of fun. It could be lyrical, could be", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00182-00093451-00093889": "humorous, there was a lot of freedom for them to choose what their subject was", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00183-00093889-00094172": "going to be, and a lot of them did personal narratives, just in the form of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00184-00094172-00094626": "a slam poem, and it's teaching them things, like, you know, different literary", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00185-00094626-00095024": "subjects, literary tools that you would use, but also keeping it pretty open for", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00186-00095024-00095457": "them, and at the end of year, we do a performance which they enjoy quite a bit,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00187-00095457-00095857": "and nothing gives me more satisfaction than watching, like, some student who just", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00188-00095857-00096179": "hated poetry at the beginning of the year get up and read a poem. It's a lot", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00189-00096179-00097322": "of fun, so. Again, coming from a science background, we started off in biology in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00190-00097322-00097904": "a maximum-security unit at Eyman, and when the class first started, it was", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00191-00097904-00098348": "entirely lecture-based, and then sort of slowly, over time, we started", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00192-00098348-00098725": "incorporating more and more activities, and now I'm happy to say five years on,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00193-00098725-00099181": "and in a different unit, every one of our lessons includes some kind of non-", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00194-00099181-00099954": "lecture-based activity. So, that's been a really fun evolution to be part of, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00195-00099954-00100529": "another consequence of switching units, we're now a training unit, which is a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00196-00100529-00101095": "lower security level. We've been able to bring in some non-paper materials in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00197-00101095-00101563": "order to facilitate a whole new class of activities, which is really, really", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00198-00101563-00102212": "exciting. So, for example, we have a sorting activity, where we bring in just", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00199-00102212-00102793": "a bunch of different random objects; paper clips, crumpled up pieces of paper,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00200-00102793-00103373": "a tiny little piece of fabric, and we have the students group the things, just", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00201-00103373-00103802": "a collection of eight different things, and then we talk about did they group", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00202-00103802-00104180": "them based on what material it was, or what the function of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00203-00104180-00104921": "the particular object was, or maybe how you categorize it, or where you would buy", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00204-00104921-00105308": "that material, or things like that, and then we talk about how things are really", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00205-00105308-00105782": "multi-dimensional in a lot of different ways, and biology is similar in that in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00206-00105782-00106408": "terms of we have to organize all organisms some way, and we have to figure", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00207-00106408-00107003": "out how to decide which of these factors to consider when we're grouping things", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00208-00107003-00107507": "together. Another fantastic thing that we've been able to incorporate now, being", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00209-00107507-00107867": "at a lower security unit, and being a science class in biology, is we're doing", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00210-00107867-00108457": "labs now. So, for the first time last year, we incorporated a seed germination", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00211-00108457-00109135": "experiment that was done over a two-week long period, where the students grow pea", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00212-00109135-00109684": "shoots under different light conditions, and measure how quickly those shoots", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00213-00109684-00110204": "grow when exposed to different kinds of light, and we were able to do that lab", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00214-00110204-00110804": "again this year, and I'm excited to point out one of my co-teachers, Cassandra", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00215-00110804-00111184": "Barrett, I don't know if she's still around, is working on developing another", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00216-00111184-00111674": "lab this year, and with any luck, we'll have an additional two labs to implement.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00217-00111674-00112355": "So, it's really exciting to see how the evolution of the engagement in the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00218-00112355-00112711": "classroom, and another piece that we've been working on outside of the classroom", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00219-00112711-00113108": "is having students do individual research projects, where they pick a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00220-00113108-00113480": "topic that they're interested in at the start of the year, and they spend the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00221-00113480-00114085": "entire year researching that with materials that we bring in, and then that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00222-00114085-00114683": "culminates in a final written and oral presentation on the topic. So, it's been a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00223-00114683-00115606": "very neat evolution. So, as I mentioned earlier, our resources are often limited", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00224-00115606-00116420": "for mostly obvious reasons, and while they can be in place for good reasons, it", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00225-00116420-00116933": "can sometimes hinder what we are able to do in the classroom, maybe make our", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00226-00116933-00117259": "teaching experience a little difficult,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00227-00117259-00117782": "and/or the learning experience for the students if they're not given, you know,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00228-00117782-00118450": "what we would normally get in, like, a classroom at a university for example, so,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00229-00118450-00118867": "I'm curious, if you were given the option of making some big changes to your", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00230-00118867-00119326": "teaching experience, what would you do, and, obviously, you know within reason, but", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00231-00119326-00119725": "what's something that would better your teaching experience, and the students", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00232-00119725-00120538": "learning experience well. I mean, I don't know if this is really within reason, but", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00233-00120538-00121157": "the thing that really complicates my teaching, for example, is that I teach", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00234-00121157-00121658": "during a time where they do count. So, I'm in the prison, they have to count all of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00235-00121658-00121990": "the prisoners multiple times a day, and make sure that they are where they're", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00236-00121990-00122461": "supposed to be, and so because my class happens when count is happening, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00237-00122461-00122929": "people are supposed to be in their cells, and we have to do an out count, which", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00238-00122929-00123205": "means you have to register all the inmates here in your class, and then it's", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00239-00123205-00123577": "always just kind of a mess trying to get that together. So, I always find I have", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00240-00123577-00124102": "two hours to teach, and the first half hour is doing the out count, and finding", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00241-00124102-00124445": "this inmate from this yard, and this inmate is over in this yard, and they're", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00242-00124445-00124775": "not letting her through, and then, so, it's just, like, kind of a lot, and then it's,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00243-00124775-00125372": "like, you always have to have your radio on to, you know, see if they need", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00244-00125372-00125740": "to contact you, the CO, the correctional officers need to contact you for any", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00245-00125740-00126098": "reason, and then, it's, you're trying to teach writing, and connect with", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00246-00126098-00126409": "students over their writing, and then it's just this constant radio noise", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00247-00126409-00126934": "that's in the background. So, I think that that environment can make it a little", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00248-00126934-00127528": "bit hard sometimes, but I also think that the thing that has, like, saved me as a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00249-00127528-00128017": "teacher is that all of my students have always just been super adaptable and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00250-00128017-00128621": "helpful, and they understand the environment, and we just, we make it work", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00251-00128621-00129325": "as best as we can, so, yeah, I think that's what I would say. I will echo what", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00252-00129325-00129797": "Mia said because pill line and commissary are both during my class. So,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00253-00129797-00130180": "it may start in and out with trash bags full of Pop Tarts and graham crackers,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00254-00130180-00130490": "and that's way more important than my psychology class, and I can", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00255-00130490-00130874": "lately understand it, but it is frustrating, and then needing to get", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00256-00130874-00131300": "their pills and hopping in class, so, that's kind of irritating, but I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00257-00131300-00131633": "understand the system behind that. Probably the biggest thing for me moving", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00258-00131633-00132176": "from a minimum security unit last year to now Lumley, which is a medium- maximum", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00259-00132176-00132551": "security unit, is noticing that every single time I come to class, something in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00260-00132551-00132872": "the room is different. The first week we were there, we had a whiteboard, so, the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00261-00132872-00133145": "next week, we brought markers, and we're planning to use the whiteboard and draw", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00262-00133145-00133589": "things out, and then the next week the whiteboard was gone, and the desks were", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00263-00133589-00133955": "in order, and then the next week the desks were in a completely different", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00264-00133955-00134396": "position, and I just wished that everything would stay the same so that I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00265-00134396-00134885": "could stick with the curriculum that I planned before I came in, but it is part", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00266-00134885-00135248": "of the fun, coming in to see what will happen that day. Yeah, Lumley is like that.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00267-00135248-00135626": "I teach in Lumley too, and I teach writing without... We don't have desks or", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00268-00135626-00136169": "any tables, so that's... the inmates also learn skills of how to write on your", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00269-00136169-00137327": "lap. So, yeah, Lumley's fun. Well, as an online instructor, I do not face those", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00270-00137327-00138062": "challenges, but I would say there are some difficulties in terms of like", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00271-00138062-00138818": "continuity. We get a lot of submissions, everyone is just... they love to write. We", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00272-00138818-00139538": "get so many poems, so many stories, and it's always amazing to respond to those,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00273-00139538-00140279": "but in some ways, it would be nice to also be able to respond to one student,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00274-00140279-00140771": "you know, for a few cycles at a time on one piece that they've really been", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00275-00140771-00141287": "working on, and to not only get their piece, but get to hear their thought", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00276-00141287-00141758": "process behind this is why I made these changes, or this is why maybe I decided", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00277-00141758-00142418": "to completely scrap this part. It's very limited, and we get cover sheets we get,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00278-00142418-00143003": "and we get the piece, and, so, we really do have to get creative with providing", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00279-00143003-00143603": "activities and providing examples, and I, you know, I don't know what's within", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00280-00143603-00143996": "reason, but if there was some way to integrate more,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00281-00143996-00144566": "whether it's, like, a video where there's, like, almost gapped notes, or more", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00282-00144566-00145203": "activities that you can't write on a piece of paper, that would be definitely", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00283-00145203-00145833": "beneficial. I think the changes that I would make are really similar to what's", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00284-00145833-00146379": "already been said, mainly that... Okay, so, when I was teaching Chinese", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00285-00146379-00146822": "last semester, I was in one unit called Pedro, and when I went to that unit,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00286-00146822-00147675": "there's a couple of working chairs, and there's some desks, and then the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00287-00147675-00148104": "whiteboard. There is a whiteboard, but it's... There's a lot of marking on it", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00288-00148104-00148551": "that you can't erase. So, every single week it was a small struggle to", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00289-00148551-00149220": "ask the  woman there to grab me some little whiteboards, and then I bring my", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00290-00149220-00149769": "own markers and everything, and so that was a struggle, and the classroom was", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00291-00149769-00150486": "not in very good condition. It was a very bad condition, so, that was a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00292-00150486-00150924": "struggle. It's just that the range of resources I had to find by", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00293-00150924-00151425": "myself and prepare for it really wasn't there. Now, I'm teaching in a different", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00294-00151425-00151983": "unit, which is also still in Perryville, the same compound, but I walked... On the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00295-00151983-00152397": "first week I had taught there, I I walked into this beautiful classroom with, like,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00296-00152397-00152817": "inspirational signs and desks, so, it's very different. I wish there was,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00297-00152817-00153171": "maybe, some... a little bit of continuity in terms of the resources they had,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00298-00153171-00153591": "especially basic resources, like being able to write on the board. It's really", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00299-00153591-00153966": "hard to show Chinese characters, and how to write things, and how to say things", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00300-00153966-00154773": "without even the simplest visual tools at all. Beyond that, I don't", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00301-00154773-00155211": "think my... I would like to have more, like, technological access. I don't know if", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00302-00155211-00155780": "that's reasonable at all for me to  ask that, but it's really hard because,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00303-00155780-00156204": "nowadays, if you want to search something up in a different language, you have", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00304-00156204-00156825": "Google Translate, and you have phone apps, which include the entire dictionary of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00305-00156825-00157162": "Chinese words, the Chinese language. You don't carry", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00306-00157162-00157469": "around massive dictionaries. So, if I wanted to give massive dictionaries, that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00307-00157469-00157837": "wouldn't be very reasonable, but I also can't have any way for them to look", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00308-00157837-00158132": "up and learn by themselves, which is really how people learn the language.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00309-00158132-00158590": "They're constantly learning and looking things up like that. So, with that, you", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00310-00158590-00159173": "know, having that limited technological access. Yeah, it's really limiting for", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00311-00159173-00160015": "learning, yeah. I definitely experienced all these things at Florence for sure. I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00312-00160015-00160421": "do want to take a second though to praise the Adobe Mountain access that you get", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00313-00160421-00161108": "because we have video, computers, like, whiteboards. It's just a dream coming", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00314-00161108-00161432": "from Florence. It was amazing. So, I get to show, like, you", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00315-00161432-00161890": "know, videos of slam poets, like, performing and all sorts of stuff. So,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00316-00161890-00162347": "it's amazing. I can't use staples. Now, I found that out the hard way, definitely", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00317-00162347-00162959": "cannot staple pages together, but, I think, I mean, honestly, it's not something I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00318-00162959-00163363": "would change, it's just, like, I'll tell you a difficulty of the job, especially", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00319-00163363-00163705": "with creative writing that I totally understand why these restrictions are in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00320-00163705-00164227": "place, but with creative writing, you know, the best poetry and fiction is personal,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00321-00164227-00164834": "and often has sensitive material, and dipping our toes into those areas is", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00322-00164834-00165458": "very... Those waters are very difficult to navigate in the classroom. So, it's not", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00323-00165458-00165758": "something I would change necessarily because I understand it's a necessary", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00324-00165758-00166148": "part, but it's the biggest difficulty for sure of, you know, when you", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00325-00166148-00166513": "have to tell students, and even though your writing might be great here, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00326-00166513-00166900": "even though, you know, this might be an important train of thought, or an important", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00327-00166900-00167222": "narrative for you to investigate on your own, we can't really bring this up in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00328-00167222-00167815": "class, and without time to necessarily do one-on-one tutoring at least", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00329-00167815-00168154": "from my schedule, it's hard to help students develop some narratives that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00330-00168154-00168463": "are really important to them, that we just... Was not appropriate, probably, to", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00331-00168463-00168758": "share in the class, so, that's the biggest difficulty for me, and something I wish I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00332-00168758-00169501": "had an opportunity to work around somehow. So, I think, for biology and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00333-00169501-00169847": "geology, one of the skills that we're getting really good at is how to adjust", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00334-00169847-00170577": "our schedule at sort of any time. So, inevitably, working in a prison,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00335-00170577-00170978": "sometimes, you find out a few days beforehand, sometimes, you find out when", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00336-00170978-00171455": "you show up that the unit's on lock-down, or that there's been a training", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00337-00171455-00171839": "scheduled, or something like that, and for whatever reason, we can't teach that week,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00338-00171839-00172545": "and so in biology, certainly, and in the geology class, they're getting used to", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00339-00172545-00173117": "this as well, this idea of if a class is cancelled, but they're still sort of a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00340-00173117-00173492": "finite number of classes that we can offer in a given semester, and so we're", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00341-00173492-00173877": "getting pretty good at figuring out how to take, for example, two classes and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00342-00173877-00174408": "combine them into one sort of condensed class that, hopefully, covers the big", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00343-00174408-00174786": "concepts, and two topics, or one thing that we've done in biology is take a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00344-00174786-00175296": "progression of three classes, and condense those down to two, and in terms", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00345-00175296-00175647": "of just building these strategies for how do we make sure that we're still", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00346-00175647-00176076": "being true to all the content that we want to cover, and give the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00347-00176076-00176469": "students some exposure to without necessarily getting to be there for all", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00348-00176469-00177012": "the hours that we would like to be there, and then, I would say, the other big", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00349-00177012-00177503": "challenge that we're thinking about is that we would love to get to a place", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00350-00177503-00177951": "where, someday, we understand there are a lot of barriers to offering some kind of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00351-00177951-00178476": "credit for the students to get some kind of recognition for their really hard", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00352-00178476-00179169": "efforts in these classes, and there are a lot of barriers to making that possible,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00353-00179169-00179664": "but we aspire to, one day, the biology program at least, has been going for five", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00354-00179664-00179990": "years, so, I don't think it's going anywhere anytime soon,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00355-00179990-00180624": "and so, I hope, that we'll still be around when that day comes, but, certainly, one of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00356-00180624-00181074": "the things that I think is the biggest challenge to that right now is, we only", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00357-00181074-00181448": "have an hour and a half with our students once a week, and for most", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00358-00181448-00181887": "undergraduate biology classes, you probably have three hours of classes a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00359-00181887-00182579": "week plus a lab on top of that, so, really thinking about how in the system we can", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00360-00182579-00183014": "attain that much class time in order to get through all the material that's", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00361-00183014-00183440": "typically covered in an undergraduate class is really challenging,  and one of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00362-00183440-00183830": "the ways that I've tried to do that in biology is", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00363-00183830-00184233": "taking an undergraduate class, and splitting that up over an entire year", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00364-00184233-00184751": "long process instead of trying to do it all in a semester. So, at an hour and a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00365-00184751-00185291": "half over two semesters, you get to that kind of three hours a week sort of level,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00366-00185291-00185885": "but we're still thinking about how do we incorporate more of these labs when,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00367-00185885-00186340": "sometimes, that's that the sacrifice of more material that we'd like to cover.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00368-00186340-00186878": "I'm glad you brought that last part up about getting credit for these", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00369-00186878-00187332": "classes. So, I'm actually going to jump to one of the questions I had, kind", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00370-00187332-00187913": "of pertaining to that. So, since for a lot of our classes, you can't get college", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00371-00187913-00188445": "credit for it, I'm curious how you guys assess student learning. Do you guys use", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00372-00188445-00188936": "grades or other types of assessments, and how has your assessment style changed", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00373-00188936-00189471": "over time, seeing, like, what they do, how do you do--is it something you give out", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00374-00189471-00189947": "each week, or is it something you just assess on your own by the end of the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00375-00189947-00190419": "semester, and then, Sarah, I was wondering if you can talk about how your responses", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00376-00190419-00191239": "to your students have changed over time with Pen as well. Yeah, so, my students, I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00377-00191239-00191699": "basically, my class, although they don't get credit, students can... They get a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00378-00191699-00192224": "certificate for passing the class, which is actually very", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00379-00192224-00192728": "important to a lot of them, and that's something that they could go use if", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00380-00192728-00193209": "they're, like, in a parole board or something like that, or also some of them,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00381-00193209-00193562": "it's just cool to be able to show their families, or just, you know, have something", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00382-00193562-00194066": "like that. So, you can pass my class, you pass the class, or you can pass with", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00383-00194066-00194486": "honors, or you can pass with high honors, and the difference between those three", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00384-00194486-00195173": "levels are based on attendance and people who are turning in assignments. So,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00385-00195173-00195519": "it's really hard because some of my students, like, I have taught students", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00386-00195519-00195902": "with advanced degrees in journalism and writing, and then I've also taught", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00387-00195902-00196523": "students who haven't graduated from eighth grade, so, it's not really fair or,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00388-00196523-00197057": "I think, useful to assess everyone on this", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00389-00197057-00197574": "exact strict rubric. I think, it's like seeing a progression of students. So,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00390-00197574-00197874": "that's what I try and do. Like, if I can tell that there's a student who really", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00391-00197874-00198270": "doesn't have the baseline writing skills, but who is really trying to write", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00392-00198270-00198738": "something, then, you know, they're going to, you know, I'm gonna grade them based off", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00393-00198738-00199230": "of that and progression, and so, I think, like, one of the most powerful moments", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00394-00199230-00199917": "for me was at the end of a class I taught like three semesters ago. We did an", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00395-00199917-00200427": "award ceremony, and gave everyone and their certificates, and one of the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00396-00200427-00200847": "students came up to me afterwards, and she was just, like, crying, like, bawling,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00397-00200847-00201603": "and she said, \"You know, I have never graduated anything in my life with", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00398-00201603-00202005": "honors, and this certificate says 'high honors,' and you don't know how much that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00399-00202005-00202476": "means to me,\" and then, of course, I started crying because I'm, like, gonna start", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00400-00202476-00202920": "crying about it, and that's, like, another hard thing is that in that moment, like,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00401-00202920-00203349": "the only thing that I wanted to do was, like, give her a hug, right? But, like, I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00402-00203349-00203766": "couldn't even shake her hand, or like pat her on the back because that's against", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00403-00203766-00204369": "the rules, and, so, yeah, but, I think, the students who are in our", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00404-00204369-00204756": "classes are doing it because they legitimately want to learn, and they're", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00405-00204756-00205119": "gonna take advantage of any single opportunity that you give them, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00406-00205119-00205512": "so, I think, it's about, like, seeing a progression of students, and meeting them", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00407-00205512-00206331": "where they're at. So, I do certificates for my classes as well. A year ago, when I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00408-00206331-00206733": "was teaching business skills, one of the biggest things was for all of the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00409-00206733-00207084": "students to have a fully written resume at the end of the course, and then we", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00410-00207084-00207504": "also completed mock interviews. So, as long as they at least attempted to write", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00411-00207504-00207894": "a resume, had a clean copy that they handed to us, and then participated in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00412-00207894-00208214": "the mock interviews, and attended a certain number percentage of classes,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00413-00208214-00208686": "they were given a certificate, and I will say, I do honors, high honors distinction,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00414-00208686-00209046": "too, and almost all of them graduate with the highest one because they come to", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00415-00209046-00209379": "almost every single class. The only reason they don't come is if they have,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00416-00209379-00209871": "like, a 115 degree fever, and then, this semester, I'm doing", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00417-00209871-00210241": "certificates as well. We don't really have any written work in that class,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00418-00210241-00210640": "it's more based off of discussion. So, we do student participation. As long as", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00419-00210640-00210969": "they're participating in discussion, listening to discussion, taking notes in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00420-00210969-00211678": "class, and come to the classes, they'll get the certificates as well. After doing", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00421-00211678-00212203": "Pen Project for several semesters, I definitely learned how to approach", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00422-00212203-00212863": "pieces differently, especially... Deaf incarcerated students have various", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00423-00212863-00213403": "degrees of education, and, so, you can tell with the writing. Whether it's someone's", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00424-00213403-00213910": "first attempt at a poem, or whether someone has submitted dozens and dozens", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00425-00213910-00214402": "of short stories, and, so, you do really want to cater to those students, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00426-00214402-00214855": "you're not going to give someone a definition of personification if they've", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00427-00214855-00215563": "gotten dozens and dozens of responses, so, it's, how do you take what they're", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00428-00215563-00216151": "putting into their writing, and how do you get those students to expand on", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00429-00216151-00216988": "that, and, so, I do stress revision a lot more in my responses now then, I think, I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00430-00216988-00217717": "did previously, especially getting pieces from some of the same students over the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00431-00217717-00218287": "course of the five semesters. I really encouraged going back to those pieces,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00432-00218287-00218707": "and thinking about how they could improve upon them, or change them", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00433-00218707-00219328": "completely, and in the hopes that they'll resubmit for revision of that piece. I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00434-00219328-00219850": "think, that's an important aspect of learning, is critiquing your own work, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00435-00219850-00220438": "taking someone's own, taking someone else's critiques and praises of your", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00436-00220438-00221134": "work, and doing that on your own, on your own time, in my class at least. Last", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00437-00221134-00221761": "semester, I did not ever formally assess any of the students that were there, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00438-00221761-00222355": "the reason being is that, it's really hard to, at least in Chinese, for me to", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00439-00222355-00222859": "demand that they remember specific characters or words without really any", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00440-00222859-00223246": "resources, and also because I just really wanted to encourage learning on their", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00441-00223246-00223550": "own, and learning how to learn the language, rather,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00442-00223550-00224207": "and making sure that they could recite Confucius proverbs, but the point is, it", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00443-00224207-00224669": "was more important to me that they knew how to learn the language. So, I think, I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00444-00224669-00225227": "don't, I found out later that this is not normal for most classes, but what would", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00445-00225227-00225764": "happen was, I would go to my class, they would announce it over some speaker, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00446-00225764-00226198": "then I would have, like, different students almost every week. I would have,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00447-00226198-00226526": "like, the same set of six main students who would come every week, but there was", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00448-00226526-00226904": "always four new people, and I just always said this, \"You're welcome to come in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00449-00226904-00227330": "as long as you're serious about learning,\" and I never had a problem with it, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00450-00227330-00227684": "I never really had to formally assess them because I felt that they", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00451-00227684-00228148": "were all really serious, really wanting to learn Chinese, even if they", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00452-00228148-00228554": "had a hard time retaining it, even though those that were the first time", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00453-00228554-00229064": "coming they would jump in, and attempt to say a tongue twister in Chinese, which", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00454-00229064-00229661": "was awesome, and, so, that was my experience, that it was more for me about", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00455-00229661-00230336": "teaching them how you can go home when they do have resources to look up a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00456-00230336-00230858": "character, know how to pronounce it on their own, and then learn it", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00457-00230858-00231191": "independently, rather than trying to assess how much they can memorize over", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00458-00231191-00231821": "time, which, likely, if you don't practice it for more than a week or two, it loses", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00459-00231821-00232505": "slowly. So, learning how to do it was more important for me. At Adobe, I'm assigned", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00460-00232505-00232867": "to a teacher, and it's very much, it's a high school setting, so,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00461-00232867-00233342": "students have multiple classes every day, and they could get graded on things, and,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00462-00233342-00233773": "so, I'm not directly involved in the grading. I know, a lot of students can", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00463-00233773-00234437": "earn a GED or high school diploma as well, correct? Yeah, and I will say this.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00464-00234437-00234950": "The one thing that I actively kind of always trying to encourage students", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00465-00234950-00235394": "is the pursuit of college afterwards. For a lot of these kids, they have pretty", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00466-00235394-00235802": "amazing opportunities that the state can help them through, through CPS and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00467-00235802-00236114": "through other programs, to get them a pretty decent amount of college", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00468-00236114-00236504": "funding. So, getting their diploma and getting students to, like, achieve as much", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00469-00236504-00236919": "as they can in classes is a huge deal. I know to the whole staff, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00470-00236919-00237609": "it was in our class, so, I know, for at least the assignments I'm assigning, it's", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00471-00237609-00238059": "all completion. I mean, it's  poetry, it's... I'm not gonna grade, \"that's a good", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00472-00238059-00238441": "poem, it's a bad poem,\" so, as long as the students are getting their poems in on", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00473-00238441-00238864": "time, and are, you know, participating in class then they're groovy for my", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00474-00238864-00239314": "grade book, but, yeah, I know, in all the other classes, it's, you know, did you", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00475-00239314-00239679": "get formal grades and whatnot, but for poetry, and for creative writing", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00476-00239679-00239931": "as well. This is how it was in Florence. It was just turning things in. That's how", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00477-00239931-00240405": "it is at ASU; it''s not there's... you won't find creative writing classes that grade", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00478-00240405-00240700": "like, \"That's an 'A+' story, that's a 'B+' story.\" At least you don't find", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00479-00240700-00241471": "that much anymore. So, in biology, it's been quite a progression. When the class", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00480-00241471-00241983": "got started before, I was involved in the program, there were no grades or formal", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00481-00241983-00242856": "assessments of any kind, and that was really driven by the concern that, if we", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00482-00242856-00243510": "did grade the students, then, somehow, we would be interfering with a hierarchy in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00483-00243510-00243960": "the classroom or something, like, that we just didn't want to set up any kind of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00484-00243960-00244467": "hierarchy, and the interesting thing is that, since I've been involved with the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00485-00244467-00244809": "program, we have been doing grades and have been introducing more and more", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00486-00244809-00245323": "material that are graded. So, for example, I saw the progression from assigning", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00487-00245323-00245677": "homework and getting it graded, to exams and getting it graded, and now the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00488-00245677-00246127": "biology class has a whole research project component to it, which is graded", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00489-00246127-00246702": "as well, and that has actually been an interesting equalizer in the classroom,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00490-00246702-00247576": "where, I think, that students have for the most part responded enthusiastically to", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00491-00247576-00248184": "getting graded, and the idea of introducing some level of objectivity", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00492-00248184-00248800": "into the assessment by having a rubric, and everybody gets graded against the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00493-00248800-00249319": "same rubric has been an interesting, sort of equalizer in the classroom", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00494-00249319-00249742": "environment. So, I'm really grateful that it's something that we've incorporated", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00495-00249742-00250123": "with, and we tell them at the end of the semester what their final grade is for", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00496-00250123-00250466": "the class, and, so, we found that to be an", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00497-00250466-00251086": "interesting motivator in terms of participation in that classroom, and then", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00498-00251086-00251611": "we do a lot of informal assessment as well. We meet because we have a team", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00499-00251611-00252223": "teaching model, and both the biology and the geology, astronomy, and planetary", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00500-00252223-00252857": "science class when we have our team meetings once a week outside of the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00501-00252857-00253406": "prison, we talk very actively about the extent to which students are engaged in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00502-00253406-00254000": "the class, and, you know, at what points were they super into what we were doing,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00503-00254000-00254669": "and at what points were their eyes more glazed over, and we do that in our", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00504-00254669-00255257": "assessments as well, and, so, it's been a really useful tool for us to update how", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00505-00255257-00255677": "we teach the classes in terms of figuring out where the real sticking", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00506-00255677-00256396": "points, and where do we need to do better in terms of going over a material. So, all", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00507-00256396-00256960": "of these classes are optional except, I would say, for Adobe, is that right,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00508-00256960-00257441": "Chandler, that the students are required to go, right? So, I mean, I think, we'd all", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00509-00257441-00257840": "say that they want to be there, and they're happy to be there, and I know", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00510-00257840-00258479": "last week, when... or two weeks ago, one of my students asked me if I was, like, just", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00511-00258479-00258854": "never gonna show up at some point just stopped coming, and I was like, \"No, like, I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00512-00258854-00259208": "wouldn't do that if unless I'm, like, dying. I will be here,\" and then, of course,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00513-00259208-00259559": "the next week, I get sick, and I don't show up. I'm like, of course I say that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00514-00259559-00260090": "the week I tell them before that I'll always be there, but they're very eager", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00515-00260090-00260525": "to be there, and I'm curious, Chandler, if your students are the same way, if", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00516-00260525-00260954": "they're excited to be there, or if you've had any experiences where, you know, you", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00517-00260954-00261230": "feel like they don't want to be there. I've had those experiences for", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00518-00261230-00261685": "sure, yeah. I mean, the students were the most read, the students that were in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00519-00261685-00262250": "my class were pretty high performing students within Adobe Mountain, so, nine", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00520-00262250-00262751": "out of ten my students were excited to be there every day. This is any", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00521-00262751-00263180": "classroom, I suppose, you get students who don't want to be there, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00522-00263180-00263930": "we're not programming, is the lingo, and I learned, and, yeah, but there's a, like I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00523-00263930-00264308": "said, there's, I mean, there's a huge drive at Adobe to be performing well because", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00524-00264308-00264698": "that's part of your ticket out, is to do well in your classes. So, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00525-00264698-00265069": "you can only benefit yourself, and performing well in these classes. So,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00526-00265069-00265613": "yeah, it's... I I wouldn't say it's as big of a difficulty as it might sound.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00527-00265613-00265997": "Like, having, forcing students to take these classes because it'd be similar to", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00528-00265997-00266806": "any high school in that way, yeah. All right, so, for the sake of time, we're going to ask", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00529-00266806-00267242": "one more question, then open up to the floor to hear if you guys have any", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00530-00267242-00267883": "questions. So, obviously, you know, we teach in prisons, and we work with incarcerated", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00531-00267883-00268475": "students, and to many, that sounds very far-fetched, and I'm sure you guys", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00532-00268475-00268880": "probably have stories of people's reactions. Like, what did you just say,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00533-00268880-00269351": "like, what do you do with your weekends, and that just sounds very strange, and I,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00534-00269351-00269756": "you know, one day, I hope that we live in a world where that isn't strange, it's", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00535-00269756-00270398": "the norm, and, so, I'm curious. What's a question, reaction, or comment you often", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00536-00270398-00270854": "get when they find out that you teach at a prison, or that you work with", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00537-00270854-00271382": "incarcerated students to provide them feedback for their work, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00538-00271382-00271799": "what would you wish people knew so that they wouldn't have these preconceived", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00539-00271799-00272225": "notions, and wouldn't find this strange, and wouldn't think, \"Oh, like, is", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00540-00272225-00272951": "this safe, you know, what are you doing?\" Yeah, I mean, I've definitely gotten the,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00541-00272951-00273428": "like, safety reaction. Like, \"Oh, do you ever feel dangerous,\" whatever. I mean, one of my", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00542-00273428-00274018": "students is on death row, and I don't feel... I've never felt threatened by her,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00543-00274018-00274772": "or anyone in my classes. I think, one of the things that I really don't like, I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00544-00274772-00275161": "mean, I'm a journalist, and, so, language is really important to me, and I, personally,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00545-00275161-00275816": "really don't like the word \"inmate\" because, like, a lot of people will ask me,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00546-00275816-00276211": "well, like, \"What are the inmates like that you work with,\" and I understand the need", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00547-00276211-00276583": "for the term \"inmate,\" like, on the institutional level.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00548-00276583-00277346": "I, you know, ADC and the people who work in ADC do a really, really difficult work", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00549-00277346-00277858": "with everyone who is in that prison, not just the select group of people who want", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00550-00277858-00278332": "to participate in optional educational programming. So, I totally understand that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00551-00278332-00279133": "term in a more institutional context. Outside, I think, and in general, I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00552-00279133-00279698": "think, that that term is really dehumanizing, and, I think, that one of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00553-00279698-00280333": "the reasons that we have the problems with a huge prison system, and problems", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00554-00280333-00281032": "with recidivism that we do is that we don't treat incarcerated people, or", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00555-00281032-00281474": "people who have been incarcerated, as people, and we put these labels, like", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00556-00281474-00282215": "inmates and felons, that are honestly just scary words that don't have a lot", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00557-00282215-00282914": "of meaning, and, so, I think, you know, if there's one thing that I could", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00558-00282914-00283568": "change about the public in general, it would be, I think, that terminology is", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00559-00283568-00284165": "important, and that in the way that we think and talk about the prison system,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00560-00284165-00284744": "we need to recognize that there is a lot of humanity, and that exists within that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00561-00284744-00285136": "system, and a lot of people's lives are affected, and it's important to emphasize", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00562-00285136-00285695": "that side of it. I think, that I will agree that most of the comments I get", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00563-00285695-00286357": "when I mentioned teaching in prison is safety. People ask if the students are", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00564-00286357-00286918": "dangerous, and how do you feel with all these people that are locked down, and,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00565-00286918-00287354": "honestly, I can say that I feel safer in my prison classes than I do in a lot of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00566-00287354-00288031": "my ASU classes, especially with the mass shootings that have been very common in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00567-00288031-00288527": "a lot of major universities. There's been times when I've been sitting in a class,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00568-00288527-00289031": "and I hear loud bangs just from outside from cars, or construction, or a loud door,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00569-00289031-00289403": "and I do genuinely get scared just because you see on the news all these", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00570-00289403-00289712": "things that can happen, and it could happen here.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00571-00289712-00290066": "So,  that's something that crosses my lump mind a lot when I'm sitting in large", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00572-00290066-00290561": "lecture hall classes, and I can say that within prison, that's not something that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00573-00290561-00290879": "I've been afraid of. I haven't been afraid of my students, and I haven't been", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00574-00290879-00291233": "afraid for my safety there, and that's a big difference between teaching in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00575-00291233-00291608": "prison and going to class as a student here that, I think, a lot of people don't", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00576-00291608-00292277": "think about, but that's something that I've noticed as a teacher there. Being on", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00577-00292277-00292853": "the other side of a computer screen, I didn't ever think I would get a response", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00578-00292853-00293276": "of, \"Are you ever concerned for your safety,\" but, actually, recently, I was", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00579-00293276-00293951": "having a conversation about responding to incarcerated students, and she was so", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00580-00293951-00294452": "hung up on, \"Well, what if they know who you are? What's gonna happen?\" It's, like,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00581-00294452-00295208": "well, even after explaining, you know, the process, and how we get these pieces of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00582-00295208-00295979": "writing, and how we respond with, you know, a pen name, and how we don't know the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00583-00295979-00296657": "backstory of students, and we just get what we're told from them. She was so", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00584-00296657-00297323": "concerned, and just worried, and it was frustrating to me because I just was so", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00585-00297323-00297959": "excited to talk about the learning that was happening, and how important it was", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00586-00297959-00298571": "that they were able to share their voice and their story with, you know, someone", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00587-00298571-00299192": "they've never met, and everyone wants to express something important, and giving", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00588-00299192-00299726": "someone that opportunity, even if it's, you know, I'm just such a small part of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00589-00299726-00300452": "it, that's incredibly special to me, and you know, this platform to give, to allow", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00590-00300452-00300932": "incarcerated students to really express their voice. I think it's just the most", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00591-00300932-00301670": "important thing to focus on, and when people get hung up on the safety, or what", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00592-00301670-00302120": "may have put these students and led them to be incarcerated in the first place,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00593-00302120-00302639": "that's not the point, and I wish that after having conversations about Pen", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00594-00302639-00303047": "Project, this wasn't so prevalent, but, unfortunately, it is,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00595-00303047-00303676": "and, you know, a lot of what Mia said, changing just how we talk about it, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00596-00303676-00304433": "expressing that is just so crucial. I don't have too much to add. I think that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00597-00304433-00304949": "I really just echo the same things. The only thing that I really think is", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00598-00304949-00305461": "important to emphasize is the students that I work with, and I'm", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00599-00305461-00305909": "sure everyone here has expressed similar things, almost all of them are", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00600-00305909-00306511": "really engaged, highly intellectual. They've learned, they want to learn, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00601-00306511-00307159": "they really, really try hard. I taught my class at 8 a.m. on", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00602-00307159-00307682": "Sunday mornings. Compare that to any college class that you see at 8:00 a.m.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00603-00307682-00308309": "At least 50% of the students are not nearly as engaged, participating, or", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00604-00308309-00308813": "even functioning for that matter at that time of day, and the students that I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00605-00308813-00309296": "have, 99% of them are ready to learn, learning quickly. They're not learning", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00606-00309296-00309638": "any slower than you would think that if you went to a college, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00607-00309638-00310096": "trying their best to get the most out of it, and so it's easy to put a label on", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00608-00310096-00310574": "prison institutions as a place where people, you know, these people are... must", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00609-00310574-00311048": "have problems, they're slower. Absolutely not true. I've had an experience just", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00610-00311048-00311498": "viewing them as people that are trying to learn, doing their best, and a lot of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00611-00311498-00311867": "the times, they surprise you by how quickly they learn, and how good they are", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00612-00311867-00312590": "at picking up on the things that you're teaching them. Yeah, I have a story - my", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00613-00312590-00312968": "dad's a pastor of, like, a pretty decent-sized church, and one time, he, like,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00614-00312968-00313538": "offhandedly mentioned to someone as to why I wasn't at an event. \"Because my", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00615-00313538-00314027": "son's at prison right now,\" and, like, a flood of emails came in over the next,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00616-00314027-00314633": "like, week and a half of whatever condolences or something, but, um, yeah. I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00617-00314633-00314945": "mean, people... it's definitely just misperceptions that everyone's come", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00618-00314945-00315458": "down the line as mentioned, and the thing that I tried to stress to other ASU students", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00619-00315458-00315791": "is, like, just how amazing of an opportunity it is also for us to go in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00620-00315791-00316271": "there, and, I mean, I just wanted to find teaching experience, and I got that in so", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00621-00316271-00316540": "much more. If you want to learn how to be, like, a high school teacher, there's a few", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00622-00316540-00316983": "better places to learn classroom management than teaching at a high school juvenile", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00623-00316983-00317506": "facility, and, so, yeah. It's not, I mean, obviously, it's an amazing", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00624-00317506-00318004": "opportunity to serve underserved people, and people who deserve this type of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00625-00318004-00318364": "access to education, but just don't get it unless, you know, we're having", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00626-00318364-00318760": "volunteers that go in, and deliver it to them, so, yeah. It's awesome for both", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00627-00318760-00319531": "parties involved. It's just an amazing, original experience. I think, maybe, the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00628-00319531-00319951": "most pertinent information to share here because these folks have already gone", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00629-00319951-00320344": "over a lot of things that, I think, are very relevant to both of the classes", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00630-00320344-00320881": "that I participate in is our mission statement, which has evolved over the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00631-00320881-00321571": "years, and Steven Hart, my co-leader, goes over this with every person that he", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00632-00321571-00322180": "interviews who wants to get involved in the biology program, and our priorities", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00633-00322180-00322920": "for the class are in order of importance: normalizing a classroom environment,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00634-00322920-00323485": "empowering students to become curators of their own education, and basic", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00635-00323485-00324127": "knowledge in biology or astronomy, geology, and planetary science as living", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00636-00324127-00324603": "organisms. They're going to be interested in biology in one way or another, and as", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00637-00324603-00325219": "citizens of the planet, they're going to be interested in the environment around", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00638-00325219-00325588": "them, how that formed, and their relationship to the sun, and the stars,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00639-00325588-00326473": "and in this incredible galaxy that we live in, and then one other thing to maybe", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00640-00326473-00327061": "echo is that we have a mixture of both graduate students and undergraduate", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00641-00327061-00327502": "students that are involved in both of these programs, and one of the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00642-00327502-00327889": "interesting things that we talked about recently as the different reasons that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00643-00327889-00328363": "undergraduates versus graduate students get involved in the program, and I would", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00644-00328363-00328924": "say we're all motivated by a point that Chandler just made of just wanting to", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00645-00328924-00329320": "make education something that's available to as many people as possible,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00646-00329320-00329770": "even folks that wouldn't necessarily, or can't as easily get access", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00647-00329770-00330523": "to education resources, but one of the things that the graduate students and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00648-00330523-00331032": "our team talk a lot about is getting teaching experience, and one of the huge", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00649-00331032-00331396": "motivators for me in terms of being part of this group, and continuing my", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00650-00331396-00331840": "involvement is just being with a big team of really, really enthusiastic", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00651-00331840-00332272": "individuals that get together once a week, and we all talk about something", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00652-00332272-00332770": "that we're really excited about, and are all collaborating on how to best do", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00653-00332770-00333328": "whatever it is we do, which, in this particular case, just so happens to be", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00654-00333328-00334063": "teaching a science class in a prison. So, I lied, just before we open it up to the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00655-00334063-00334543": "floor, I just want to end on a positive note, and hear if you guys have any", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00656-00334543-00334911": "stories. I know some of you already shared a few moments, just about exciting", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00657-00334911-00335347": "moments you've had, or maybe your students have had, like, an epiphany, or", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00658-00335347-00335872": "where everything just seemed to click for them, or anything like that. If you", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00659-00335872-00336282": "don't have one, that's fine. Yeah, I have one that happened to me", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00660-00336282-00336673": "today. Because this morning I went to teach my class right before I came here,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00661-00336673-00337378": "and there was a student who... we were talking about our proposals for the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00662-00337378-00338296": "final project that they do, and her proposal was writing something about her", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00663-00338296-00338859": "sister, who had died several years ago, and she said that she had stopped", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00664-00338859-00339435": "writing when her sister had died because she didn't feel like she could do it,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00665-00339435-00340134": "that the grief was too strong for her surrounding that event, and she told me", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00666-00340134-00340777": "that in this class, she was going to finally start writing about that, and, so,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00667-00340777-00341280": "that she could process it, and, so, I think, that was a really powerful example of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00668-00341280-00341818": "just how providing these opportunities, and encouraging people to write, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00669-00341818-00342333": "express themselves through writing  can really be a kind of life-changing... I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00670-00342333-00342727": "mean she, like, started crying in class today because she was just kind of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00671-00342727-00343129": "overwhelmed, and just excited with the ability to finally be able to", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00672-00343129-00343783": "express these things that she had been holding in for a long time. For me, the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00673-00343783-00344200": "most exciting thing was last year when the students were working on their", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00674-00344200-00344605": "resumes. A lot of them felt like their time within prison was completely", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00675-00344605-00344950": "wasted, that they didn't really have anything that they could use to put on", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00676-00344950-00345265": "their resumes during that time, and a lot of them had only ever been in the system,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00677-00345265-00345559": "so they didn't have work experience. They didn't know what they were gonna talk", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00678-00345559-00346024": "about, and, really, teaching them to use the things that they have done in prison", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00679-00346024-00346570": "to show the skills that they've made by either being firefighters, or working in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00680-00346570-00346948": "the kitchen, or cleaning, and just showing that you could use those skills to show", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00681-00346948-00347341": "that you can get a job outside was so exciting. To watch them create a resume", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00682-00347341-00347719": "just from their experiences in prison, and the excitement in their faces, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00683-00347719-00348190": "seeing that they felt hope to come out, and be able to do something with", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00684-00348190-00348964": "their lives was probably the biggest thing for me. We get... I mentioned earlier,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00685-00348964-00349495": "we get so many responses from many different incarcerated students, and,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00686-00349495-00349879": "often, everyone is just so excited to share their work that every piece is a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00687-00349879-00350380": "new one, and, I know, a lot of writers don't like making revisions to their", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00688-00350380-00350746": "work. It's hard. No one likes coming back, wish it could", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00689-00350746-00351313": "be good the first time, but one of the first pieces of feedback that I received", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00690-00351313-00352042": "from my responses to the incarcerated students' pieces is someone who told me", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00691-00352042-00352624": "that they had never once gone back to a piece that they had written, but after", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00692-00352624-00353365": "learning some new things, and seen where their piece could grow, was so excited to", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00693-00353365-00353884": "resubmit the piece for a second draft, and just knowing that you know whether", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00694-00353884-00354460": "it was just one comment in my response, that maybe helps. That was really", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00695-00354460-00355180": "powerful, and really, honestly kind of kept me dedicated to this program over", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00696-00355180-00355588": "the semester is just knowing that there's a few sparks that really keep", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00697-00355588-00356038": "people's interest alive, and seeing that just someone wanted to make a second", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00698-00356038-00356370": "draft led to that.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00699-00356537-00357199": "I feel a little awkward because my experience was not quite as profound, but", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00700-00357199-00357722": "you said because learning Chinese, I've never, it's more about them learning,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00701-00357722-00358145": "and a lot of the skills that they take are understandably not gonna be ones", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00702-00358145-00358517": "that they're going to remember in terms of, like, actually speaking and writing", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00703-00358517-00358973": "the language. I hope that they leave with an appreciation for the language, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00704-00358973-00359279": "knowing that they can accomplish something that's really hard, right,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00705-00359279-00359648": "learning Chinese, or any language for that matter is difficult and that being", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00706-00359648-00359987": "able to accomplish that, and to be able to express themselves... a really big deal for", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00707-00359987-00360443": "them, and, I think, for me, also, it's a big deal to see them grow and progress, even", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00708-00360443-00360764": "if they may not retain it for a really long period of time, and that's", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00709-00360764-00361508": "normal, but one small success is at the end of the semester, I think, it's fun", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00710-00361508-00361793": "if they can leave with something personal they can take with them. So, you", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00711-00361793-00362306": "print out a certificate, and I give them a Chinese name based on characteristics", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00712-00362306-00362672": "they want about themselves, and so they leave with that. They love it. They're", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00713-00362672-00363197": "super excited. There are no tears, unfortunately, but they do love it,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00714-00363197-00363428": "and it's a really great experience to know that they left with something", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00715-00363428-00363764": "personal, and something they can use and express about themselves in a different", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00716-00363764-00364369": "culture and language that they can bring with them. I had a student who was a", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00717-00364369-00364961": "vocalist in a death metal band called Apokalypse with a 'K'. They wrote a poem about", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00718-00364961-00365501": "a dandelion, and that was... that rocked my world. That was awesome. Well, they won", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00719-00365501-00366011": "the coolest experiences I've had, but  the slam poetry performance that we do", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00720-00366011-00366332": "at the end of semester, or at the end of the block every time I've taught.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00721-00366332-00366590": "Those have been the coolest, I mean, seeing the students up there performing, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00722-00366590-00366797": "just realizing that they can do something that I never thought they", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00723-00366797-00367121": "could do before, which is not only speaking in front of a huge group of people,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00724-00367121-00367538": "but, like, reciting their own poetry, which is the most terrifying thing in the", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00725-00367538-00367886": "world in front of a group, and be praised for, and do a really awesome job at it. So,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00726-00367886-00368639": "I love that at the end of the year. So, one of our big classes in biology that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00727-00368639-00369179": "we spend a lot of time preparing for is the evolution class, which, last year, I", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00728-00369179-00369487": "taught with Adele Crain, who's in the audience today,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00729-00369487-00370159": "and it's a big class because there are a lot of sort of preconceived notions", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00730-00370159-00370813": "about what evolution is from students when we walk into that class, and what is", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00731-00370813-00371371": "really awesome about that class is that we come into it at the end of a big, long", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00732-00371371-00372136": "section, where the students have covered reproduction in organisms, genetics. So,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00733-00372136-00372682": "how do organisms make offspring, and where do the genetics come from in", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00734-00372682-00373174": "those offspring, and how do mutations occur, and what are different types of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00735-00373174-00373633": "genetic mutations, and how do you get unique combinations of different genes,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00736-00373633-00374056": "for example, that lead to offspring that have a different set of traits than", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00737-00374056-00374554": "their parents for example. So, it's a really neat place to teach a class", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00738-00374554-00375361": "because they're coming in with basically more knowledge about human reproduction,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00739-00375361-00375784": "and more generally, how organisms reproduce than the average doe that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00740-00375784-00376300": "you'll pull out the street, and then kind of all this preconceived notions and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00741-00376300-00376801": "baggage, and maybe key words about evolution, and in that class, what we", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00742-00376801-00377656": "designed was an activity that sort of builds on those, that knowledge base of", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00743-00377656-00378172": "how species reproduce, and where genetic variation comes from, and we just argue", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00744-00378172-00378691": "with them that all we're adding to this framework that they're already experts", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00745-00378691-00379203": "on is how those organisms interact with the environment, and, so, we talk about how", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00746-00379203-00379678": "there are certain pressures on organisms, not just based on their genetics, but", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00747-00379678-00380161": "based on interactions with predators for example, or that a given ecosystem might", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00748-00380161-00380605": "have a specific carrying capacity, it can only hold so many individuals, and, so, we", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00749-00380605-00381027": "build up the lesson slowly that eventually leads to this natural", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00750-00381027-00381541": "conclusion that you must have evolution by natural selection if you accept that", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00751-00381541-00381949": "these are how organisms reproduce, which they're all experts on at this point, and", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00752-00381949-00382522": "then we're just adding that ecosystem component to it, and last year, there is", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00753-00382522-00383207": "this big, '\"Aha! I understand what evolution is now!\" moment, and I'm really,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00754-00383207-00383825": "really happy to report that, as of two weeks ago as I led that class without my", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00755-00383825-00384272": "being there with a new person on our team as of this year, and was able to", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00756-00384272-00384755": "create that exact same aha moment once again, so it wasn't a fluke, it's", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00757-00384755-00385103": "something that we're able to reproduce again and again, and that's been a really,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00758-00385103-00385748": "really exciting thing for us. Awesome, well, so, I lied again; we won't be", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00759-00385748-00386063": "able to open it up to the floor right now for questions just because we've", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00760-00386063-00386531": "gone a little over time, but please do see our panelists after the conference.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00761-00386531-00386843": "I'm sure they'd be happy to answer any questions you guys have. Thank you, guys,", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00762-00386843-00387727": "so much for being here, and answering these questions.", "jI2gYF2EUUy-00763-00388261-00388468": "Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "jIZrKNpSHgy", "text": {"jIZrKNpSHgy-00000-00000003-00000630": "his own Esther said to three or four people yesterday and it may seem strange to you that", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00001-00000630-00001221": "she could come this far this long with us and be having these kinds of epiphanies especially", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00002-00001221-00001803": "after we'd been saying these words for a long long time but words don't teach today you have", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00003-00001803-00002235": "to have your own experience in it it's the only life experience of teachers strange that", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00004-00002235-00002748": "we offer so many words isn't it but along with these words we're offering our knowing and with", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00005-00002748-00003369": "that knowing as a vibrational frequency and that vibrational frequency of what we know resonates", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00006-00003369-00003978": "completely it matches perfectly the vibrational resonance of that which is your source so as you", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00007-00003978-00004443": "are in an arena like this and you feel that resonance you will be vibrationally changed", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00008-00004443-00004995": "you will be which means for a little while you may revert back because we can only hold", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00009-00004995-00005802": "you so long in this room but you will have a different point of attraction as a result", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00010-00005802-00006462": "of this conversation because we will be tuning to the frequency of your core knowing and when", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00011-00006462-00007014": "that's activated within you wonderful things move through you and out from you and back", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00012-00007014-00007743": "to you it's a wonderful experience so Esther's epiphany she said to her daughter and a friend", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00013-00007743-00008523": "and then another friend I finally figured it out all I have to do they left just like that", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00014-00008763-00010470": "all I have to do is decide what I want and talk myself into it we have enjoyed this interaction", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00015-00010470-00011451": "immensely that's everything you know she also it occurred to her that as she is", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00016-00011451-00012180": "thinking about a future experience meaning a not yet manifested experience that those", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00017-00012180-00012963": "thoughts flow freely something about that future experience is free-flowing and therefore delicious", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00018-00012963-00013833": "to contemplate but then when she found herself trying to bring it into the now before it was", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00019-00013833-00014594": "ready to reveal itself to her so she was trying to figure out what to do when to do it and who to", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00020-00014594-00015300": "do it with and how to go about it she realized she was introducing resistance into her future", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00021-00015300-00016172": "idea now in and of itself that may not seem so interesting but we wanted explain to you", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00022-00016172-00017013": "why that is such an important thing for Esther or for you to understand everything is a vibrational", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00023-00017013-00017961": "reality first and if you are taking pleasure in your vibrational realities if that was your", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00024-00017961-00018507": "future experience in terms of manifestation but your current experience in terms of the thoughts", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00025-00018507-00019107": "that you are thinking if it is pleasing to you if it feels good to you if you find yourself driving", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00026-00019107-00019635": "and wanting to think about it if you find yourself lying in bed and wanting to think about it if you", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00027-00019635-00020265": "find yourself just waking up and wanting to think about it in that pure thought there is so much", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00028-00020265-00021387": "power and so much orchestration is taking place so Esther asked yourself why would I why would I", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00029-00021387-00022092": "introduce into this moment this clear moment where I've accessed the energy that creates worlds and I", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00030-00022092-00022737": "focused it through my vessel and it's flowing outward for the creation of wonderful things", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00031-00022737-00023385": "that I desire why would I mess it up right now by getting ahead of myself why would I ask questions", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00032-00023385-00024102": "of myself to which I don't know the answers and in doing so introduce resistance to the equation", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00033-00024102-00024519": "but you see the reason that we're telling you this experience is for a different reason than", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00034-00024519-00025236": "you might be thinking because Esther's epiphany was not about the creation of that it wasn't", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00035-00025236-00025662": "about the realization of that it wasn't about the manifestation of that it wasn't about the", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00036-00025662-00026091": "actualization of that it wasn't about the demonstration of that it was about the fact", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00037-00026091-00026694": "that thinking that thought in that way felt good right now and introducing that thought to it right", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00038-00026694-00027308": "now made it not feel good anymore can you hear what we're getting at it wasn't about what it was", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00039-00027308-00027831": "going to later on create that's a given what it's going to later on create is for sure for sure for", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00040-00027831-00028251": "sure there is nothing that you cannot be or do or have if you want it and you talked yourself", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00041-00028251-00029045": "into it we just want you to understand that you are the creator of your reality but you are a", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00042-00029045-00029574": "thinker of it into being not a doer of it into being definitely plenty of action that you'll be", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00043-00029574-00030348": "inspired to but that's not the way you create you create through the conscious flowing of thought so", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00044-00030348-00030942": "when Esther came across this because she's been determined we've been talking about getting on", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00045-00030942-00031401": "your high flying disc we'll talk about it a lot today waking up first thing in the morning and", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00046-00031401-00032055": "before any worrisome thought or any troublesome thought or any past memory or anything that could", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00047-00032055-00032655": "muddy your waters begins to just proclaim to yourself and to the universe that today you", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00048-00032655-00033324": "are anew you push the reset button you are like reborn and today right now in this moment you are", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00049-00033324-00033825": "in a high-flying vibration because in this day you have not yet introduced any resistance into", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00050-00033825-00034251": "the equation and you didn't carry it over from yesterday that's the most important thing that we", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00051-00034251-00034824": "want to say to you during the night you stop the momentum as you slumbered so when you awaken in", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00052-00034824-00035400": "the morning you're in that high-flying place for sure if you will focus there and allow yourself to", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00053-00035400-00035820": "be we'll talk more about how to get there Esther said to us the other day Bram I refuse to accept", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00054-00035820-00036339": "that if I wake up in the morning and I'm on my high flying disc and then something occurs to me", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00055-00036339-00036831": "and I begin to ponder negative things and then I lose my connection to that high-flying feeling I", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00056-00036831-00037401": "refuse to accept that I have to wait clear until tomorrow morning to get back on we say you don't", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00057-00037401-00037728": "have to wait clear until tomorrow morning to get back on there are all kinds of tools it's", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00058-00037728-00038346": "just easier first thing in the morning and so Esther's been playing that game every morning", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00059-00038346-00038859": "waking up and it's quite funny because she's by herself and so she awakes and then she announces", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00060-00038859-00039693": "to herself I'm awake like somebody in the other room needs to know I'm awake and I'm coming in", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00061-00039693-00040548": "I'm coming in and I'm high-flying so get ready prepare yourself for the silliness or for the", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00062-00040548-00041184": "fun or for the high-flying nough sub that which is me because that's where I am and that's why I mean", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00063-00041184-00041979": "to stay so actually has been for about six weeks now waking up in a really steady determination to", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00064-00041979-00042534": "be high-flying and then doing her best to stay there we've been saying to you that seventeen", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00065-00042534-00043032": "seconds begins another new momentum have you been hearing to say that so Esther says to", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00066-00043032-00043557": "herself if anything occurs to her that's a slight deviation from feeling good she gives herself 17", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00067-00043557-00044247": "seconds to get over it 17 16 15 told a friend the other day I have something to tell you and I", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00068-00044247-00044910": "only have 17 seconds to say it himself I need your undivided attention because this is gonna be fast", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00069-00044910-00045861": "so since Esther's been playing this game where she's been really decided determined to get on", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00070-00045861-00046515": "that high flying disc wanting very much to wake up there acknowledge that she is there and then milk", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00071-00046515-00047166": "it as best she can in order to stay there every morning more momentum every morning more momentum", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00072-00047166-00047745": "every morning more momentum and by that we mean more momentum in her ability to wake up there", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00073-00047745-00048456": "and stay there longer the first day she didn't even make it to breakfast second day either by", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00074-00048456-00048957": "the third day she was doing better and better by the first week she could maintain herself there", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00075-00048957-00049410": "by the second week she was so looking forward to going to sleep so that she could wake up knowing", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00076-00049410-00049992": "for sure that she was there and as the week's began to move past she began to notice that her", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00077-00049992-00050679": "days were affected in this really powerful way this is what Esther discovered as a result of", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00078-00050679-00051753": "this exercise that she applied deliberately she felt clear minded clear clear she knew", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00079-00051753-00052344": "what to do no confusion about what to put in the suitcase no confusion about what to pick", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00080-00052344-00052761": "up and carry to the other room when you move from one place to another no confusion about", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00081-00052761-00053342": "what to say when you're talking to this person no confusion about what you mean to convey relative", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00082-00053342-00054249": "to this confusion gone and clarity in its place do you know how good clarity feels and then she", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00083-00054249-00054825": "thought about what it must feel like for the astronauts to be in those rocket ships and be", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00084-00054825-00055461": "shooting through the atmosphere out-out-out she's seen the movies have you it looks hard", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00085-00055607-00056435": "the tension of the rocket there's so much resistance as it is moving at that speed", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00086-00056435-00057788": "through the resistance of that atmosphere and then BOOM they break and everything is silent and easy", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00087-00057788-00059003": "and Esther said I broke out of the atmosphere I left the resistance behind me mostly at least", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00088-00059003-00059621": "I know what to do I can have that free flowing so she's been experiencing that and loving the", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00089-00059621-00060110": "feeling of clarity knowing with certainty that the decision that she's making about this is the", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00090-00060110-00060677": "right one no longer second-guessing herself no longer going well let's weigh the pros and the", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00091-00060677-00061337": "cons let's torture me as long as we can under the guise of being objective and we say let's", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00092-00061337-00061985": "not let's think only about what you want and why you want it why introduced into a", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00093-00061985-00062804": "perfectly wonderful futuristic thought present tense why introduce the reality a lot of people", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00094-00062804-00063335": "want more money but introduce the reality of not enough money to the equation why do", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00095-00063335-00063959": "that if you understand that what we're talking about is breaking out of the atmosphere breaking", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00096-00063959-00064550": "out into the clear space what we're talking about is the feeling of clarity the feeling", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00097-00064550-00065266": "of alignment the feeling of knowing the feeling of well-being the feeling of love the feeling of", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00098-00065266-00066083": "ease the feeling of passion whether it's passion or ease in the clear space with no resistance is", "jIZrKNpSHgy-00099-00066083-00066587": "delicious just depends upon how much momentum you've got going on the subject at hand yeah"}}, {"audio_id": "jJ1QokQjqCI", "text": {"jJ1QokQjqCI-00000-00000045-00000145": "Male Speaker: Okay.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00001-00000145-00000486": "Well, Steve, if you're there, we'll segue immediately to you.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00002-00000486-00000722": "Steve Leeder: I am here.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00003-00000722-00000822": "Can everybody hear me?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00004-00000822-00000923": "Male Speaker: Yes, we can.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00005-00000923-00001023": "Steve Leeder: Good.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00006-00001023-00002005": "In retrospect, I guess I should've -- can we go to the next slide, please?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00007-00002005-00002450": "In retrospect, if I had used the smaller font like Howard did, we could get these all on", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00008-00002450-00003009": "one slide and look at them at the same time, but they're broken up into two slides.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00009-00003009-00003807": "On this first one, I think you should get the sense by now from both Marilyn and Debbie's", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00010-00003807-00004674": "presentations that the consensus of our group was that discovery research should remain", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00011-00004674-00005073": "a high priority for the future.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00012-00005073-00005786": "And working with the phenotyping group, one step is obviously to decide what traits or", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00013-00005786-00006522": "phenotypes are sort of high priority for the next phase of the network.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00014-00006522-00007204": "And then the topic for discussion, and some of this has been occurring in the sort of", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00015-00007204-00008429": "online chat, is, you know, whether or not just go with existing data and work with improving", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00016-00008429-00009209": "the analytical tools and methodology to use existing data, or whether there should be", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00017-00009209-00010054": "some effort to into [inaudible] data generation by next-gen sequencing or exon arrays.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00018-00010054-00010934": "As sort of a non-genomic person pursuing this more from a pharmaco perspective, I guess", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00019-00010934-00011528": "we could also add in that the existing data could also include the longitudinal phenotypes", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00020-00011528-00012232": "that several people have alluded to, and using this in the context of, you know, the [inaudible]", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00021-00012232-00012432": "contribution to disease progression.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00022-00012432-00013013": "This also lends [inaudible] gene-environment interactions as well.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00023-00013013-00013763": "Also the impact of therapeutic intervention on the trajectory of progression.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00024-00013763-00014812": "The second point that came out of our discussions was this whole issue of not throwing the baby", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00025-00014812-00015429": "out with the bath water, and looking at the importance of rare variants.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00026-00015429-00016086": "And again, up for discussion would be the most appropriate platforms, whether it be", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00027-00016086-00016692": "a genotyping or a sequencing platform to capture them, but also resources that may need to", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00028-00016692-00017067": "be put into developing appropriate tools to detect their effects.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00029-00017067-00017318": "Can I have the next slide?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00030-00017318-00018479": "So, this is -- this next point gets at one of Debbie's last points, and that is considering", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00031-00018479-00019231": "study designs other than a straight GWAS-type format for discovery purposes.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00032-00019231-00019923": "And, for example, the example that she gave looking at discordant -- extreme discordant", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00033-00019923-00020731": "phenotypes, at least for continuous variables, and coupling them with your platform of interest,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00034-00020731-00021060": "and I put a whole genome sequencing here.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00035-00021060-00021575": "And, you know, the potential for this particular approach to be a little bit more efficient", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00036-00021575-00022313": "in identifying causal variants, and especially rare causal variants.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00037-00022313-00022822": "And then the last point that our group would propose to the larger group at whole would", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00038-00022822-00023306": "be, again, something that was mentioned by both Marilyn and Debbie, and that is looking", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00039-00023306-00024169": "at other sources of genomic material, RNA, or going back into the DNA and looking at", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00040-00024169-00024562": "methylation, for example, for these genomic analyses.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00041-00024562-00025563": "And then on the EMR side of things, looking to see how additional data can be captured", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00042-00025563-00026337": "or parsed to look at environmental factors and co-morbidities or gene-environment interactions,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00043-00026337-00026527": "for example.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00044-00026527-00027856": "So those are the four issues that were raised by our group as being something to pose to", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00045-00027856-00028078": "the rest of the group for their thoughts and comments.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00046-00028078-00028291": "And I'll toss it back to the chair.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00047-00028291-00028391": "Male Speaker: Okay.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00048-00028391-00029336": "The floor is open for comments or questions on EMR and genomic discovery.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00049-00029336-00029649": "Marc Williams: Marc Williams here.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00050-00029649-00030456": "A thought occurred to me as Debbie was talking, again trying to bridge the tension that we", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00051-00030456-00030608": "have between discovery and implementation.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00052-00030608-00030974": "This was in the context of the rare variants.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00053-00030974-00031543": "I think one of the issues that we're all going to be dealing with as we receive secondary", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00054-00031543-00032327": "findings from our genomes, exomes, and high-density ChIPs about, you know, that we're thinking", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00055-00032327-00033163": "about clinically returning, is the lack of information that we have on the impact clinically", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00056-00033163-00033524": "of some of these rare variants, even in genes that we know quite well.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00057-00033524-00034196": "One of the things that we'll be doing is to try and use our traditional methods of contextualizing", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00058-00034196-00034716": "that data using family history and other sorts of things to understand what's the potential", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00059-00034716-00034824": "impact.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00060-00034824-00035616": "To me, that seems to lend itself to the idea that if we did a rare variant focus, we could", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00061-00035616-00036300": "study how we could use electronic health record mining to try and contextualize rare variant", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00062-00036300-00036827": "information to add additional information for clinical return and implementation.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00063-00036827-00037638": "So that could be a potential study topic for eMERGE III that would bridge, again, this", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00064-00037638-00037955": "discovery and implementation chasm.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00065-00037955-00038356": "Dan Roden: This is Dan Roden.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00066-00038356-00038662": "I have to say Roden now because there's another Dan on the phone.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00067-00038662-00039440": "I agree with Marc, but at a practical level, I think you have to make some attempt to limit", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00068-00039440-00039744": "the minor allele frequencies down to which you're willing to go.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00069-00039744-00040312": "If you find a rare variant that is one in million or one in a hundred thousand, it's", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00070-00040312-00040761": "going to be very, very tough unless you know something about the biology to assign any", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00071-00040761-00040999": "kind of phenotype to that.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00072-00040999-00041836": "And so I think the sweet spot for us is probably minor allele frequencies around 0.1 percent.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00073-00041836-00042199": "Plus, variants in disease genes that are, you know, have been implicated, and as Zach", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00074-00042199-00042609": "[spelled phonetically] said a couple of hours ago, you find that variants that have been", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00075-00042609-00043315": "implicated as causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or channelopathies are actually much more", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00076-00043315-00043872": "common than you give them credit when you start to look across very large populations,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00077-00043872-00044132": "and we're finding that along with everyone else.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00078-00044132-00044541": "So I think that one thought is exactly which rare variants we'll want to focus on.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00079-00044541-00045236": "And I think that the variant of uncertain significance is 1 in 10,000 or 1 in 1,000,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00080-00045236-00045700": "something that eMERGE is really, really well-suited to attack.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00081-00045700-00046274": "Female Speaker: So, you know, for capturing sequence data,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00082-00046274-00046866": "it seems to me that we should report all variants, even if we only get 1 in 100,000 people, and", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00083-00046866-00047336": "put it in a database because other people are going be putting that data forward and", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00084-00047336-00047469": "annotating those variants.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00085-00047469-00048072": "Even if we can't determine ourselves alone if they're pathogenic, it's going to be really", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00086-00048072-00048172": "important going forward.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00087-00048172-00048394": "Dan Roden: So, Gail [spelled phonetically], I totally", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00088-00048394-00048856": "agree with that, and that's what we're going to be doing in eMERGE PGx.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00089-00048856-00049268": "And as data accumulate worldwide, you can start to make some sense of that.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00090-00049268-00049816": "But I think over the next five years, it's a one in a million variant; unless there's", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00091-00049816-00050062": "some biology around it, it's going to be hard to make sense of.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00092-00050062-00050559": "But, yeah, I totally agree that we have to figure out a way archiving this worldwide.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00093-00050559-00050850": "Male Speaker: So this is Halcom [spelled phonetically] here.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00094-00050850-00051671": "So, as you know, the new platform from Illumina on the X10, which is currently tailored towards", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00095-00051671-00052333": "whole genome, I mean, it's very likely going to be adapted to exome, even though that will", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00096-00052333-00052563": "probably take some time.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00097-00052563-00053225": "But an exome could probably be sequenced for about $100, sort of, say, a year, year and", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00098-00053225-00053364": "a half from now.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00099-00053364-00054120": "So in the interim, a strategy to sort of customize a ChIP with this rare variant content, particular", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00100-00054120-00054821": "content that I was sort of -- with potential or punitive damaging impact, the loss of [unintelligible]", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00101-00054821-00055477": "and so forth, and that can actually be tied now extremely cost efficiently across, you", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00102-00055477-00056153": "know, thousands and thousands of samples for relatively sort of low amount of money, even", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00103-00056153-00056297": "though it's going to cost some money.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00104-00056297-00056789": "So, in the interim, that would potentially be a very, very powerful strategy across the", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00105-00056789-00057224": "sides because that would open up the rare variant content for all phenotypes that we", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00106-00057224-00057430": "have, and we don't have that today.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00107-00057430-00057813": "John Harley: This is John Harley [spelled phonetically],", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00108-00057813-00057913": "Cincinnati.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00109-00057913-00058554": "I just asked the question that when we concentrate on rare variants and we don't have all of", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00110-00058554-00058872": "our samples genotyped, we rely on imputation.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00111-00058872-00059710": "And as the frequency of the variants drops, the accuracy of the imputation is disastrous.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00112-00059710-00060450": "And so how we -- you know, we aren't able to take advantage of our huge numbers because", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00113-00060450-00060737": "the area reduced by imputation is so big.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00114-00060737-00061200": "If there is anyone who has a solution to this problem?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00115-00061200-00061473": "Female Speaker: You need your sequence.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00116-00061473-00061609": "Male Speaker: Right.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00117-00061609-00061709": "Debbie's right.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00118-00061709-00061891": "Rex Chisholm: So, this is Rex.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00119-00061891-00062010": "I'd like to weigh in.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00120-00062010-00062494": "I would really like to endorse the idea of thinking about environmental factors.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00121-00062494-00063270": "We've played a little bit around with GIS tools, and I think one of the things we could", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00122-00063270-00064044": "do very well, which isn't done very well in most cases, is given the longitudinal nature", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00123-00064044-00064397": "of the people that we're following, is to think about some of these environmental factors.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00124-00064397-00064970": "I think there's going to be increased opportunities to capture some of these bits of data.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00125-00064970-00065640": "Marilyn talked a little bit about Environmental Protection Agency measurements that are being", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00126-00065640-00065740": "made.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00127-00065740-00066478": "So I think to be able to start to tackle gene-environment interactions using GIS approaches in some", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00128-00066478-00067351": "of these environmental measures is also something that would uniquely be possible in an eMERGE", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00129-00067351-00067553": "III for us to take a look at.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00130-00067553-00067926": "Chris Chute: Well, this is Chris, and while I find that", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00131-00067926-00068466": "idea elegant, I want to make sure we're somewhat cautious and thoughtful about this.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00132-00068466-00069060": "For some populations, and your Chicago population, Rex, might be a superb candidate for this.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00133-00069060-00069593": "For other populations, they're not always, as we say, population based, and hence the", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00134-00069593-00070326": "density of sample cases in any environmental geocode, you run into power problems very", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00135-00070326-00070917": "quickly with environmental association, particularly when you're treating it as a co-variant in", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00136-00070917-00071017": "the substrata.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00137-00071017-00071248": "Marylyn Ritchie: Chris, this is Marylyn Ritchie.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00138-00071248-00071810": "One of the other things that I think folks could think about, and this is something that", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00139-00071810-00072433": "Marshfield has done in eMERGE-II, and that is to use the Phoenix toolkit as the mechanism", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00140-00072433-00072673": "to collect environmental data.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00141-00072673-00073375": "We were awarded a supplement as part of the Phoenix Rising program by NHGRI, and so some", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00142-00073375-00073725": "of the Phoenix toolkit measures were sent out to the eMERGE participants.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00143-00073725-00074204": "And we've actually started mining that data and we're finding really interesting gene-environment", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00144-00074204-00074551": "results for type II diabetes and some for cataracts.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00145-00074551-00074881": "And we only implemented a few of the Phoenix toolkit measures.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00146-00074881-00075507": "That's something that other sites could do either electronically or paper form.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00147-00075507-00075977": "You know, it's something that you could port to an iPad that people could do in clinics.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00148-00075977-00076513": "You could put it on the Web that people could do through their myhealth@Geisinger, or Vanderbilt,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00149-00076513-00076666": "or what have you.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00150-00076666-00077125": "And that's another way that, even without relying on population-based environmental", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00151-00077125-00077378": "data, you could collect it on the participants in the biobank.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00152-00077378-00077623": "Chris Chute: Well, I certainly agree that would be hugely", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00153-00077623-00078180": "more efficient and wouldn't suffer the, you know, broad association problem that you have", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00154-00078180-00078333": "with geocoding.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00155-00078333-00078697": "And I actually think the Phoenix toolkits would be the appropriate choice for collecting", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00156-00078697-00078928": "that type, so I agree with that, Marylyn.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00157-00078928-00079076": "That's good feedback.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00158-00079076-00079489": "Male Speaker: That might be another agenda item to put on", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00159-00079489-00080429": "the discussion with large health system providers when discussing it with the vendors of health", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00160-00080429-00081242": "records because the patient portal is going to become a part of the mandated electronic", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00161-00081242-00081634": "medical records eventually, and as they're building them, it would be nice to have patients", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00162-00081634-00082104": "uploading various lifestyle things that can be merged with their electronic medical record.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00163-00082104-00082468": "Female Speaker: This is Carrie [spelled phonetically] --", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00164-00082468-00082786": "Female Speaker: One question, are there other things that", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00165-00082786-00083069": "the coordinating centers should be working on in the future?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00166-00083069-00083688": "I mean they've done an awful lot of work with data cleaning and then the imputation, but", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00167-00083688-00084076": "are there other things that would make the dataset more effective for other analyses", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00168-00084076-00084241": "that would be a good focus for eMERGE-III?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00169-00084241-00084773": "Male Speaker: So one focus there -- this is Halcom -- is", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00170-00084773-00085494": "on the copy number variation analysis because that's another whole dimension that, you know,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00171-00085494-00086021": "focusing there from the rare variants' standpoint because most of the data is typed on Illumina,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00172-00086021-00087057": "that can open up a very fruitful sort of discovery focus across all of the phenotypes, again,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00173-00087057-00087272": "from a data-mining standpoint.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00174-00087272-00088147": "And algorithms can -- you know, we have algorithms that can be applied on these data at the individual", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00175-00088147-00088773": "sites or jointly, and then the whole thing just sort of [unintelligible] together.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00176-00088773-00089111": "Teri Manolio: This is Teri.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00177-00089111-00089424": "I did want to ask about the issue of sequencing.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00178-00089424-00089967": "When we've approached, sort of, large-scale sequencers, the question they often ask is,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00179-00089967-00090211": "\"Well, how many cases of a given disease do you have?\"", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00180-00090211-00090576": "Because they're very interested in looking at, you know, thousands or tens of thousands", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00181-00090576-00090743": "of cases of disease X.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00182-00090743-00091194": "And that has not been something that eMERGE has really focused on because we're sort of", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00183-00091194-00091398": "phenomic, as it were.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00184-00091398-00091914": "So, how do we address that question, other than say, gee, we've got so many wonderful", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00185-00091914-00092332": "phenotypes just as good or better?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00186-00092332-00092551": "Gail, do you --", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00187-00092551-00092881": "Female Speaker: I think we don't need to have a disease focus.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00188-00092881-00093250": "I'd be really excited to sequence the 56 ACMG gene.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00189-00093250-00093661": "We know what those genes do, but we don't know what the variants in those genes do,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00190-00093661-00094248": "and we could look both for variants, annotation, pathogenic, and informally [spelled phonetically]", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00191-00094248-00094363": "not pathogenic.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00192-00094363-00094600": "Everybody's done that sequence variants.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00193-00094600-00094700": "[inaudible]", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00194-00094700-00094800": "[laughter]", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00195-00094800-00095139": "And then we could also look for pleiotropic effects of those same genes.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00196-00095139-00095419": "So there's a discovery possibility there too, and then there's lots of implementation questions,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00197-00095419-00095657": "you know, [unintelligible] my health system is very concerned about those 56 genes now", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00198-00095657-00095760": "because of the ACMG recommendations.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00199-00095760-00096356": "So how do you implement that, how do you get the business support, how do you educate providers,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00200-00096356-00097109": "what do patients want to know, what do they need to see?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00201-00097109-00097748": "You know, I think that really hit all the things that we can do really well, and having", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00202-00097748-00098402": "those phenotypes that we have so -- in such depth gives us a unique resource for that", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00203-00098402-00098502": "kind of annotation.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00204-00098502-00099133": "And I think even at the pediatric sites, there is really important work, you know, 49, I", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00205-00099133-00099434": "think that was a 56, have pediatric phenotypes.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00206-00099434-00100000": "Plus, the pediatric sites really could look into this idea of mandatory return of adult", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00207-00100000-00100566": "onset findings to children, which has been a hugely controversial recommendation.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00208-00100566-00100771": "They could release -- ask [spelled phonetically] their families.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00209-00100771-00100873": "What do they want?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00210-00100873-00101027": "Ask their providers what they want.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00211-00101027-00101512": "I think that that is a space where there is a lot of controversy, a lot of interest of", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00212-00101512-00101930": "the health system, and we have a really unique capability, and I don't think [unintelligible].", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00213-00101930-00102252": "I would add a couple more, by the way, but...", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00214-00102252-00102352": "[laughter]", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00215-00102352-00102607": "You know, I mean, I think that's doable.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00216-00102607-00102878": "Male Speaker: I agree with Gail.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00217-00102878-00103402": "I think that there -- this is Irving [spelled phonetically] -- that one could add to such", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00218-00103402-00103804": "a panel, I think, which would be extremely meaningful and something than can be done", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00219-00103804-00104579": "uniquely in eMERGE, things like a list of the highly penetrant forms of -- highly-penetrant", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00220-00104579-00105194": "monogenic forms of diabetes and others, I think which, you know, it would be very helpful", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00221-00105194-00106080": "to understand among sort of common complex diseases what forms are diagnosable on a molecular", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00222-00106080-00106501": "level, and to what extent is that -- how frequent that is.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00223-00106501-00106883": "Teri Manolio: So I'd be interested in Steve Leeder and Debbie", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00224-00106883-00107015": "Nickerson's comments on that.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00225-00107015-00107570": "Let me just ask, both of you had pointed toward non-coding variation, and here we're really", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00226-00107570-00107898": "talking about focusing on genes, even though there are some non-coding regions obviously", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00227-00107898-00107998": "in the intron.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00228-00107998-00108270": "So, Steve or Debbie, any thoughts?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00229-00108270-00109305": "Debbie Nickerson: I think it's great to look broadly at genes,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00230-00109305-00110158": "but I think that different platforms have different outcomes in terms of what you'd", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00231-00110158-00110258": "look at.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00232-00110258-00111115": "I mean, many people are sequencing whole genome, but they end up looking at only the coding", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00233-00111115-00112364": "and that few percent that's well annotated by ENCODE as being highly functional.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00234-00112364-00113414": "But I, you know, I think, broadly, whole genome is an important route to go because you can", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00235-00113414-00114633": "look at variants that are difficult to look at, like indels and CMVs, by just sheer capture.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00236-00114633-00114860": "Teri Manolio: Thanks.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00237-00114860-00115240": "Steve, what do you think?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00238-00115240-00115867": "Steve Leeder: Well, for me, non-coding for me really points", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00239-00115867-00116417": "more to regulatory regions as being of interest.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00240-00116417-00117035": "But you have to understand, I'm coming at this from a pediatric perspective as well,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00241-00117035-00117649": "in that when we were looking at things in kids, there's so much change that is going", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00242-00117649-00118536": "on between birth and sort of adulthood that, you know, you have to look somewhere besides", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00243-00118536-00119109": "the coding region of the gene for what's changing as kids grow and develop.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00244-00119109-00119830": "And, you know, to some extent we know very little how this really works in senescing", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00245-00119830-00120253": "adults as well as we move towards a geriatric population.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00246-00120253-00121130": "So, for me, the non-coding stuff really -- I'm really thinking about important regulatory", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00247-00121130-00121488": "regions and being able to identify those and characterize them.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00248-00121488-00121710": "Dick Weinshilboum: Steve, this is Dick Weinshilboum.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00249-00121710-00122288": "In all of our studies of variation in cancer drug response, the majority of the hits that", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00250-00122288-00122650": "are functionally important regulate transcription, they're a non-coding region.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00251-00122650-00123026": "Murray Brilliant: So, this is Murray Brilliant.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00252-00123026-00123765": "I think that it's clear that, from an economic standpoint, we can't do a whole genome sequencing", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00253-00123765-00124091": "of 50,000 people.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00254-00124091-00124960": "But we could look at a smaller number of genes, and since these genes have been, you know,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00255-00124960-00125415": "implicated in human disease, they're recordable, they're actionable.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00256-00125415-00125817": "We can look both at exomes and introns.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00257-00125817-00126647": "I think that if we focused on the subset of genes, you know, it would be a parody for", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00258-00126647-00126807": "looking at the whole genome.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00259-00126807-00127111": "I mean, it would be scalable.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00260-00127111-00127529": "And I think that, you know, the 50 some genes here, maybe, you know, all of us have some", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00261-00127529-00127629": "other favorite genes.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00262-00127629-00127936": "If we had 100 genes, it's kind of catchy.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00263-00127936-00128620": "Instead of 1,000 genomes, we have 100 genes that are looked at across a large number of", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00264-00128620-00128773": "people.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00265-00128773-00129605": "And again, this would be as a parody, what are we going to do when we have a large number", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00266-00129605-00129844": "of whole genome sequences.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00267-00129844-00130104": "This really cuts across all of that.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00268-00130104-00130466": "Eric Green: I would point out that's very reminiscent", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00269-00130466-00130638": "of the decision early on with the ENCODE project to tackle 1 percent.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00270-00130638-00130922": "I mean, I don't know if I like this idea or not.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00271-00130922-00131022": "That's a separate issue.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00272-00131022-00131122": "Male Speaker: Sure, sure.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00273-00131122-00131222": "Eric Green: But it is reminiscent that the same rationale", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00274-00131222-00131382": "went into, like how are we ever going to interpret the whole human genome.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00275-00131382-00131723": "So there was a whole process to pick the 1 percent, which was complicated, but we got", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00276-00131723-00131823": "there.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00277-00131823-00131999": "Everybody stayed with 1 percent until you felt comfortable enough to scale it to the", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00278-00131999-00132103": "whole genome.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00279-00132103-00132557": "So this would be similar circumstance, however many genes you pick.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00280-00132557-00132934": "Female Speaker: I think we could also exercise diversity here,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00281-00132934-00133382": "so you have a specific set of genes that there's a particular interest in reporting results", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00282-00133382-00133660": "back, but also [unintelligible] data from minority populations for pathogenic --", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00283-00133660-00133760": "Male Speaker: [inaudible]", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00284-00133760-00133945": "Female Speaker: I know.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00285-00133945-00134386": "I think we could do really well in that avenue.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00286-00134386-00134895": "Debbie Nickerson: So, is the idea to do non-coding as well,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00287-00134895-00135037": "right, of those genes?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00288-00135037-00135137": "Because --", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00289-00135137-00135339": "Female Speaker: I think if you could find that, yes.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00290-00135339-00135557": "So if you know the regulatory regions of them.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00291-00135557-00135850": "Male Speaker: [inaudible] get somebody to clarify.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00292-00135850-00136480": "What, would you take a gene and you would just go end to end, maybe x number of bases", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00293-00136480-00136613": "upstream and downstream and just do the whole segment?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00294-00136613-00137208": "As opposed to know -- I mean, what Teri was implying was sort of known functional non-coding", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00295-00137208-00137308": "regions.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00296-00137308-00137576": "Debbie Nickerson: Well, I'm just trying to stimulate the conversation", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00297-00137576-00138087": "maybe toward exome versus targeted panel.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00298-00138087-00138240": "So, what's the difference there?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00299-00138240-00138340": "If you could get exome --", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00300-00138340-00138440": "Female Speaker: What's the difference?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00301-00138440-00138884": "Eric Green: These are actually asking very different questions.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00302-00138884-00140073": "If you're only going to go exomes, you're going to make the assumption that that's what", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00303-00140073-00140173": "you're going to find.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00304-00140173-00140453": "I thought the idea was that you have these sets of genes that are of interest [inaudible]", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00305-00140453-00140624": "would be non-coding, so you want to get a complete inventory deep and lots of people.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00306-00140624-00140834": "Debbie Nickerson: See, that's what I wanted you to say Eric.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00307-00140834-00140934": "[laughter]", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00308-00140934-00141134": "Eric Green: I was trying to rearticulate what I thought", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00309-00141134-00141234": "I heard.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00310-00141234-00141890": "So with that -- what I also heard was a variance approach which was you take x number of genes", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00311-00141890-00142115": "and you take all of the exons, but then you take --", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00312-00142115-00142244": "Teri Manolio: Well, or any intron --", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00313-00142244-00142344": "Eric Green: Any intron --", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00314-00142344-00142557": "Female Speaker: -- any regulatory regions you know of.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00315-00142557-00143008": "Eric Green: Any introns, or --", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00316-00143008-00143485": "Teri Manolio: I mean, there are some that have regulatory", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00317-00143485-00143872": "regions that are identified in other chromosomes, you know, and so maybe look at those as they", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00318-00143872-00143972": "become added in.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00319-00143972-00144414": "But, you know, it takes two years, Debbie, or more to develop a targeted platform like", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00320-00144414-00144514": "this?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00321-00144514-00144805": "Debbie Nickerson: No, I think it's much easier now than it was.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00322-00144805-00144916": "Teri Manolio: Oh, okay.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00323-00144916-00145189": "Debbie Nickerson: I don't think it's -- I think we have a lot", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00324-00145189-00145289": "more experience.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00325-00145289-00145994": "And I think that the PGRN has great data with the PGx.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00326-00145994-00146348": "They can look at these questions.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00327-00146348-00146932": "Female Speaker: Debbie, what do you think of [unintelligible]", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00328-00146932-00147046": "versus Seq next-gen?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00329-00147046-00147578": "Debbie Nickerson: You know, I think it's a matter of cost and", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00330-00147578-00147839": "ease of implementation.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00331-00147839-00148971": "I think some can be cheap, but whether they're broadly applicable to many genes is not known.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00332-00148971-00149725": "Male Speaker: If you put this into an RFA, I would suggest", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00333-00149725-00150458": "that we could be agnostic as to the technique and let the people that are putting in proposals", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00334-00150458-00150873": "discuss how they would do it, because, as was pointed out, there are a number of us", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00335-00150873-00151315": "that are going to be generating large numbers of exomes and genomes, and so that would also", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00336-00151315-00151876": "allow them for a methodologic comparison of about what's the best way to actually do it.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00337-00151876-00152342": "Male Speaker: Okay, and we're going to need to wrap up the", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00338-00152342-00152442": "discussion.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00339-00152442-00152874": "Male Speaker: Just a very quick point, that aren't these", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00340-00152874-00153629": "commercial entities that are trying to make these panels of 2,000 or 3,000 genes?", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00341-00153629-00154046": "So that if you have a patient with Marfans or if you have a patient with hypertrophic,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00342-00154046-00154422": "you just order that set, and then you can just pick and choose and analyze.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00343-00154422-00154916": "Because what's happening is that they're realizing there are many variants that may cause, for", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00344-00154916-00155047": "example, an aneurysm.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00345-00155047-00155515": "And so I end up ordering a panel of 15 candidate genes, which is like $5,000.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00346-00155515-00155963": "And I may still not get the information because they may just do certain variants.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00347-00155963-00156349": "So I think, you know, that's another, it's not whole exome, but it's like what are the", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00348-00156349-00156761": "thousand, or hundred, or 1,500 genes that are most often used in the clinical setting,", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00349-00156761-00156909": "and perhaps go with those.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00350-00156909-00157254": "And also, it would go back to Debbie's point that if you're using some of these in the", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00351-00157254-00157878": "clinical setting, you would have the familiar structure to interpret much more efficiently.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00352-00157878-00158332": "Male Speaker: Okay, so I'd like to thank all of the participants", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00353-00158332-00158897": "for -- actually all of our panel this morning for a very rich and thoughtful discussion", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00354-00158897-00159045": "for future directions in eMERGE.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00355-00159045-00159492": "And we're going to -- I guess we're down to about a 20-minute break for lunch --", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00356-00159492-00159712": "Eric Green: Careful because you're not going to get all", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00357-00159712-00160260": "of these people down to the cafeteria and through the cafeteria and back up here in", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00358-00160260-00160360": "20 minutes.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00359-00160360-00160460": "Male Speaker: We'll do our best.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00360-00160460-00160746": "So we'll plan to start somewhere around half past the hour.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00361-00160746-00160932": "Male Speaker: These folks should get their --", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00362-00160932-00161196": "Male Speaker: Yes, everybody out there on the call should", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00363-00161196-00161729": "go run for lunch and bring it back.", "jJ1QokQjqCI-00364-00161729-00161835": "[laughter]"}}, {"audio_id": "jJnHqHSoX2o", "text": {"jJnHqHSoX2o-00000-00000000-00000200": "Hitman 3 RTX 3070TI 4K Gameplay | Chasing a Ghost"}}, {"audio_id": "jJPjJMZnnqc", "text": {"jJPjJMZnnqc-00000-00000002-00000394": "a girl had her hand half raised I called on her but", "jJPjJMZnnqc-00001-00000394-00000863": "she didn't have a question instead she said I am adopted", "jJPjJMZnnqc-00002-00000863-00001338": "I think a great deal at my folks and I think they feel the same about me", "jJPjJMZnnqc-00003-00001338-00001700": "and then she added this unforgettable line", "jJPjJMZnnqc-00004-00001700-00001964": "I'm glad no one killed me"}}, {"audio_id": "jK5SoMemN6k", "text": {"jK5SoMemN6k-00000-00000003-00000213": "It's normal that we reject it. It's the 20k, 21k", "jK5SoMemN6k-00001-00000250-00000433": "That's what I was telling you, that's completely normal.", "jK5SoMemN6k-00002-00000433-00000693": "Everyone shorted this? Did you watch Twitter?", "jK5SoMemN6k-00003-00000736-00001080": "When I tell you all the people, I don't care about the individual who never trades,", "jK5SoMemN6k-00004-00001080-00001180": "who knows nothing.", "jK5SoMemN6k-00005-00001180-00001510": "Precisely people who trade,", "jK5SoMemN6k-00006-00001510-00001833": "who are interested in the trick, who have an analysis of the price,", "jK5SoMemN6k-00007-00001833-00002160": "but who do not understand that what makes", "jK5SoMemN6k-00008-00002160-00002526": "moving is liquidity and not short structures. Here for them,", "jK5SoMemN6k-00009-00002553-00002910": "that was the logical short zone and they are right.", "jK5SoMemN6k-00010-00002910-00003150": "In a sense, it is an area that will reject.", "jK5SoMemN6k-00011-00003306-00003536": "The problem is that on the contrary", "jK5SoMemN6k-00012-00003536-00003836": "we had a liquidity grab here and that swing high", "jK5SoMemN6k-00013-00003836-00004100": "results in batch manipulation and parabolic expansion.", "jK5SoMemN6k-00014-00004140-00004290": "And that, for me,", "jK5SoMemN6k-00015-00004300-00004650": "everything that was there must find TP and the TP of that,", "jK5SoMemN6k-00016-00004650-00005143": "It's this area here that is the stop zone that everyone puts on Twitter.", "jK5SoMemN6k-00017-00005186-00005503": "They all did that.", "jK5SoMemN6k-00018-00005610-00005850": "If you look, you'll see on Twitter,", "jK5SoMemN6k-00019-00005880-00006286": "you look at crypto everyone that trades a bit of structures thing.", "jK5SoMemN6k-00020-00006286-00006533": "They all did that.", "jK5SoMemN6k-00021-00006533-00006843": "OK, that's the difference between reading the price and", "jK5SoMemN6k-00022-00006980-00007080": "right trading.", "jK5SoMemN6k-00023-00007080-00007290": "In fact.", "jK5SoMemN6k-00024-00007550-00007759": "Here, they saw in this direction,", "jK5SoMemN6k-00025-00007859-00008040": "but for them they actually do that.", "jK5SoMemN6k-00026-00008040-00008346": "Here, I trade the TT which is there, I trade the TT and here,", "jK5SoMemN6k-00027-00008350-00008500": "I carry on, I carry on, I carry on."}}, {"audio_id": "jK9vIn5-JTu", "text": {"jK9vIn5-JTu-00000-00000014-00000342": "Oh is this one of your activities that you did? Yep", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00001-00000342-00000600": "So this was... Cool...oh what you're thankful for?", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00002-00000600-00000650": "yea..", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00003-00000650-00000888": "What a surprise...football!", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00004-00000946-00001050": "(Laughter)", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00005-00001720-00002022": "This is when I did...um science", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00006-00002062-00002150": "is that real?", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00007-00002210-00002260": "yup", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00008-00002260-00002314": "It was a starfish?", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00009-00002322-00002372": "yup", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00010-00002400-00002450": "wow!", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00011-00002450-00002578": "we got to touch it", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00012-00002592-00002748": "it was gross!", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00013-00002834-00003092": "Thats my halloween... my halloween", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00014-00003172-00003586": "Here's some LRD and lots of workbook and writing", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00015-00003606-00003742": "This was my 3D shapes", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00016-00003822-00004106": "My number... Concepts!", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00017-00004154-00004236": "My number concepts", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00018-00004264-00004314": "My math", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00019-00004380-00004486": "Thats my maple leaf art", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00020-00004512-00004706": "I remember I worked hard on that!", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00021-00004742-00004932": "Big buddies... what day was that?", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00022-00004932-00005070": "one hundreds day", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00023-00005102-00005232": "Whats one hundreds day?", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00024-00005264-00005608": "It's where its my one hundredth day of school", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00025-00005660-00005880": "I'm really proud of that writing", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00026-00005880-00006060": "You should be proud of that writing!", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00027-00006094-00006358": "I liked how proud he was to show me", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00028-00006374-00006634": "and um, for me it's nice to see the pictures", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00029-00006648-00006909": "of like how much he's really enjoying school", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00030-00006912-00007078": "and how much he's progressing.", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00031-00007128-00007366": "School's not always easy", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00032-00007536-00007823": "But it's obviously been a great year for her", "jK9vIn5-JTu-00033-00007823-00008200": "and she's really proud of this and that makes me excited."}}, {"audio_id": "jKs-v9QR9VM", "text": {"jKs-v9QR9VM-00000-00000048-00000938": "Good morning  videos"}}, {"audio_id": "jK-CEpLJ4pY", "text": {"jK-CEpLJ4pY-00000-00000000-00000616": "In the painting there are six characters. There are three shepherds, there are Mary and", "jK-CEpLJ4pY-00001-00000628-00001008": "Joseph. A lady is holding a soup tureen,", "jK-CEpLJ4pY-00002-00001016-00001607": "a shepherd is holding a shepherd crook and Joseph is holding a candle.", "jK-CEpLJ4pY-00003-00001607-00002007": "In the picture Mary is to the left and Joseph is to the right,", "jK-CEpLJ4pY-00004-00002007-00002434": "the newborn Jesus, who is sleeping on a straw crib,", "jK-CEpLJ4pY-00005-00002448-00002738": "is in the middle. They are looking at Jesus", "jK-CEpLJ4pY-00006-00002750-00003328": "because he is highlighted in the foreground and because he is the most important", "jK-CEpLJ4pY-00007-00003328-00003711": "and the smallest character. Mary is praying.", "jK-CEpLJ4pY-00008-00003718-00004350": "Everybody in the painting is dressed in reddish colours from brown to red.", "jK-CEpLJ4pY-00009-00004370-00004942": "There is only one candle in the painting so it is very dark in the background", "jK-CEpLJ4pY-00010-00004954-00005434": "and very light in the foreground. Joseph is in the shadow,", "jK-CEpLJ4pY-00011-00005444-00005846": "he is protecting the candle as he will protect his family.", "jK-CEpLJ4pY-00012-00005870-00006080": "They do not look very happy !", "jK-CEpLJ4pY-00013-00006096-00006248": "They are around Jesus", "jK-CEpLJ4pY-00014-00006248-00006500": "We can imagine he is dead because he is immobile,", "jK-CEpLJ4pY-00015-00006504-00006922": "his eyes are closed and he is very white."}}, {"audio_id": "jL8R6o-1KB4", "text": {"jL8R6o-1KB4-00000-00000072-00000290": "Hi there to all my clients, both past and future.", "jL8R6o-1KB4-00001-00000293-00000565": "This is Larry Gould with music to your inbox.", "jL8R6o-1KB4-00002-00000568-00000749": "And this week, I want to let you know", "jL8R6o-1KB4-00003-00000752-00000966": "what's going on out in the world of real estate.", "jL8R6o-1KB4-00004-00000969-00001362": "I'm seeing with my clients that there's bidding wars, and I'm hearing stories", "jL8R6o-1KB4-00005-00001365-00001794": "of open houses where the line out the door is 30 people long.", "jL8R6o-1KB4-00006-00001797-00002046": "It's just like it was seven months ago.", "jL8R6o-1KB4-00007-00002049-00002446": "Now, this is great news if you're a seller, but if you're a buyer or if you", "jL8R6o-1KB4-00008-00002449-00002854": "know somebody looking to buy, you need to be very strategic in how you", "jL8R6o-1KB4-00009-00002857-00003234": "go about not just buying a house, but winning a house.", "jL8R6o-1KB4-00010-00003236-00003661": "So if you know somebody in that situation, I would be more than happy to share", "jL8R6o-1KB4-00011-00003664-00004029": "with them the information that I have that I use with my clients.", "jL8R6o-1KB4-00012-00004032-00004388": "My name is Larry Gould, and I want to surround U with GOLD."}}, {"audio_id": "jL9PfSQKI2c", "text": {"jL9PfSQKI2c-00000-00000574-00001007": "Hello everyone it's me David. Today, I wanted to make a new batch of soap. I wanted to try", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00001-00001007-00001627": "something new, something I've never done before. And it's putting in the old pieces of some", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00002-00001627-00002280": "soap that's leftover from when you cut your soap and make your different bars and stuff", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00003-00002280-00002930": "like that. I've got quite a bit of just leftover stuff from the soap and what I wanted to do", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00004-00002930-00003486": "was just make a simple batch of soap and then sprinkle these little pieces into there to", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00005-00003486-00003992": "make cool designs and everything like that. So, what I've done beforehand is cut these", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00006-00003992-00004644": "up into small pieces, small triangles, squares, different shapes so that when we put them", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00007-00004644-00005183": "in they won't overwhelm the pieces or the bars of soap when we cut the final product.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00008-00005183-00005683": "So, let's go ahead and go through our checklist. We've got our containers right here. We've", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00009-00005683-00006383": "got the lye and then of course with they lye we need the safety equipment. Then we have", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00010-00006383-00007131": "our oils over here. A pen and paper as well as a scale so that we can measure and then", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00011-00007179-00007679": "we've got some cups for measuring the lye and then the oils. So, let's go ahead and", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00012-00007680-00007799": "get started.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00013-00008199-00008875": "Our first oil, which is coconut oil, we've got 15.2 oz.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00014-00008875-00009175": "Our next oil is palm oil and we'll want to get about the same amount of palm oil as we", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00015-00009175-00009452": "did the coconut oil.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00016-00009652-00010064": "So, we've got 15 oz of the palm oil.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00017-00010164-00010434": "The next oil we'll want is olive oil.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00018-00010760-00011049": "And we've got 8 oz of olive oil.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00019-00011049-00011471": "We've got 12.5 oz of soybean oil.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00020-00011499-00012171": "We've got 6 oz of hemp oil. If you use hemp oil, be aware it will give your soap a slightly", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00021-00012185-00012345": "green color.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00022-00012545-00013083": "And then finally we've got 3.3 oz of castor oil so that we can have good bubbles in our soap.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00023-00013183-00013625": "OK, so now that we got all of our oils all that we have to do is go and figure out how", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00024-00013625-00014144": "much of the water and lye we'll need for this amount of oil.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00025-00014741-00015284": "So, I've got to Metaphysical Farms and used their free lye calculator. I've figured out", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00026-00015284-00015779": "that we need 8.7 oz of lye and then we need 18 oz of water.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00027-00015779-00016128": "So, let's go ahead and get our safety equipment on and measure out the lye.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00028-00016628-00017527": "OK, so we've got our 8.7 oz of lye now. We are just going to go ahead now and mix that", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00029-00017527-00017623": "in with our water.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00030-00017823-00018304": "Now we've got the lye fully incorporated into the water and it has raised the temperature", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00031-00018304-00018932": "quite a bit. We'll have to let this cool down to about 110 degrees (F) but while we are", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00032-00018932-00019410": "waiting for this to cool down we need to heat up our oils to be about 110 degrees (F) before", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00033-00019480-00019580": "we can mix them together.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00034-00020010-00020580": "The lye is at 110 degrees (F) now and the oil is at 110 degrees (F) so that's perfect.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00035-00020580-00021180": "The next thing we have to do is mix in the lye into the oil now.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00036-00022523-00023034": "So now that our soap is reaching trace, what we want to do is add our super-fat. Which", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00037-00023034-00023631": "I'll be using 2 oz of Shea Butter and then also the colors and fragrances that we want", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00038-00023631-00024331": "to use. I choose to mix in a few different woody scents like cedar, juniper and patchouli.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00039-00025714-00026344": "OK, now that we have added our colors and fragrance and everything. What we'll want", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00040-00026344-00026995": "to do is add the pieces to the mix here and if we were adding things like flowers or something", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00041-00026995-00027395": "like that, this is when we would add it to the mix as well.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00042-00028043-00028463": "And now what we'll want to do is just pour this into our mould.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00043-00029346-00029775": "Now you can see that we've got this in the mould here. It looks pretty good. I obviously", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00044-00029775-00030475": "added a purple coloring to the mixture and hopefully it lasts. Blue is a really hard color", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00045-00030502-00030915": "to get to come through the saponification process. So, we'll see what it looks like", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00046-00030915-00031402": "when we start cutting the soap. But all we need to do now is let this rest for two days.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00047-00031402-00031996": "We'll probably want cover it up with a towel so we can make sure it retains its heat and", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00048-00031996-00032099": "then we'll come back.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00049-00032099-00032630": "It has been two days and we can start to un-mould the soap and cut and we'll let it dry for", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00050-00032630-00032765": "a couple of days.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00051-00032765-00033315": "Now we've got the soap out of the mould. All we have to do now is measure the length of", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00052-00033315-00033916": "the loaf and figure out how big we want our bars of soap and divide that number to figure", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00053-00033916-00034222": "out how many cuts we need to make the number of bars of soap.", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00054-00034612-00035112": "And once you've got your soap cut, you just need to let it sit and dry for 3 to 6 weeks", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00055-00035112-00035588": "depending on how much water that you put into the soap. As you can see it's fairly simple", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00056-00035588-00036255": "to suspend things in your soap. It's no different than the process of making regular soap. So,", "jL9PfSQKI2c-00057-00036255-00036474": "just go ahead and try different things."}}, {"audio_id": "jLNRqFpPhJI", "text": {"jLNRqFpPhJI-00000-00000400-00024400": "beep beep lettuce", "jLNRqFpPhJI-00001-00024404-00024644": "Why are you even reading this", "jLNRqFpPhJI-00002-00043050-00043200": "oh wrow that's disappointing"}}, {"audio_id": "jLWl2Wujiz0", "text": {"jLWl2Wujiz0-00000-00000028-00000266": "Bethlehem of Galilee", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00001-00000282-00000682": "Bethlehem of Galilee (Hebrew: בֵּית לֶחֶם הַגְּלִילִית, \")", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00002-00000700-00000984": "Beit Lehem HaGlilit; lit. \"the Galilean Bethlehem", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00003-00001003-00001302": "is a moshav in northern Israel", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00004-00001352-00001660": "Located in the Galilee near Kiryat Tivon,", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00005-00001688-00002104": "around 10 kilometres north-west of Nazareth", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00006-00002150-00002496": "and 30 kilometres east of Haifa", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00007-00002522-00002856": "it falls under the jurisdiction of the", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00008-00002880-00003188": "Jezreel Valley Regional Council", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00009-00003206-00003526": "In 2018 it had a population of 825.", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00010-00003544-00003870": "The modern moshav is located at the site of the ancient", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00011-00003870-00004184": "Israelite settlement known as Bethlehem", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00012-00004184-00004386": "of Zebulun or Berlehem Zoria.", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00013-00004406-00004836": "The town existed as Christian settlement in the classic", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00014-00004882-00005202": "era and was populated during the Middle Ages.", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00015-00005218-00005608": "It was reestablished as a Templer Bet Lam colony in the", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00016-00005608-00006122": "19th century and turned into Jewish moshav in 1948.", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00017-00006168-00006550": "To distinguish the city from the city", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00018-00006602-00006918": "of Bethlehem near Jerusalem,", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00019-00006980-00007331": "To distinguish the city from the city", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00020-00007370-00007680": "of Bethlehem near Jerusalem", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00021-00007738-00008122": "it was originally known as Bethlehem of Zebulun", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00022-00008159-00008590": "whilst the town near Jerusalem was called", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00023-00008638-00008898": "\"Bethlehem of Judea\".", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00024-00008968-00009356": "In the Jerusalem Talmud it is referred", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00025-00009358-00009640": "to as Beth Lehem Zoria", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00026-00009688-00010082": "as it was part of the kingdom of Tyre at the time", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00027-00010160-00010686": "According to the Book of Judges, one of the so-called .", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00028-00010794-00011294": "\"Minor Judges\" of early settlement Israel, Ibzan", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00029-00011464-00011930": "came from Bethlehem and was buried there", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00030-00011990-00012514": "The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges suggests", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00031-00012584-00013016": "that the Bethlehem referred to in this passage", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00032-00013090-00013538": "is Bethlehem of Galilee \"rather than the more famous", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00033-00013580-00013996": "Bethlehem in the Tribe of Judah\".", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00034-00014038-00014506": "Until the late 19th century, ruins of", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00035-00014526-00015046": "a church and a synagogue could be seen there", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00036-00015080-00015578": "and archaeological findings \"from the early", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00037-00015622-00016140": "Roman Period show, it was a prosperous city.", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00038-00016208-00016628": "So the biblical Bethlehem of Zebulon is \"identified\"", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00039-00016632-00017088": "by archaeologists with today's Bethlehem of Galilee.", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00040-00017110-00017532": "Due to its proximity to Nazareth", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00041-00017550-00017846": "some historians believe that", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00042-00017848-00018278": "it is the Bethlehem where Jesus was born", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00043-00018396-00018824": "Aviram Oshri, a senior archaeologist with the Israeli", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00044-00018824-00019250": "Antiquities Authority, supports this claim,", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00045-00019250-00019614": "although others at this institution reject it.", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00046-00019626-00020066": "Major building remains and pottery from the fourth–fifth", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00047-00020092-00020522": "century Byzantine era have been found here", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00048-00020554-00020990": "together with major remains from Umayyad", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00049-00020990-00021266": "Abbasid (eighth century CE)", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00050-00021282-00021718": "and Mamluk eras fourteenth–fifteenth centuries", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00051-00021732-00022166": "In 1517, the village was included in the Ottoman empire.", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00052-00022208-00022680": "In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00053-00022710-00023020": "by the British authorities.", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00054-00023056-00023182": "Israel", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00055-00023184-00023748": "On 17 April 1948 the Haganah captured the village and", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00056-00023760-00024108": "it was resettled by Jewish farmers", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00057-00024108-00024382": "becoming a moshav", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00058-00024382-00024764": "Much of the original Templer architecture survives", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00059-00024778-00025336": "Much of the original Templer architecture survives,", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00060-00025388-00025720": "and is similar in style to the homes built by the", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00061-00025720-00026004": "Templers in other parts of the country", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00062-00026054-00026502": "such as Sarona in Tel Aviv, Wilhelma (today Bnei Atarot)", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00063-00026502-00026983": "and the German colonies of Haifa and Jerusalem.", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00064-00027044-00027486": "In recent years, tourism has replaced agriculture", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00065-00027486-00027974": "as the main economic branch. A dairy, an herb farm", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00066-00028024-00028454": "restaurants and country-style accommodation", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00067-00028454-00028694": "are among the tourist-oriented", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00068-00028752-00029058": "businesses in the village today.", "jLWl2Wujiz0-00089-00050454-00051022": "THE END ."}}, {"audio_id": "jMewWOdTCFM", "text": {"jMewWOdTCFM-00000-00000567-00001072": "Patrick Schwarzenegger spent Sunday with three of the women closest to him.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00001-00001189-00002239": "The dashing 24-year-old son of Arnold Schwarzenegger was glimpsed that day out in Venice, California, as were his his sister Christina and their mother Maria Shriver.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00002-00002356-00003336": "Also seen out in Venice was Patrick's girlfriend Abby Champion, who stylishly teamed a collared white crop top with a skintight pair of black trousers.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00003-00003453-00004501": "Scroll down for video  Shielding her eyes from the sun in a pair of burnt-orange sunglasses, the 20-year-old tied a black sweater round her waist and swept her blonde hair back.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00004-00004618-00005558": "Patrick matched a simple white T-shirt with white socks and sneakers, pulling on colorful shorts and shielding his face with a charcoal baseball cap.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00005-00005675-00006221": "As he strolled along, he held his and Abby's dog Champ on a leash", "jMewWOdTCFM-00006-00006338-00007280": "Christina, who is two years Patrick's senior, wore a cross over a white T-shirt, which in turn she had messily tucked into a pair of black jeans.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00007-00007397-00008296": "She was seen wearing a black pair of sunglasses, and she had slung a white and electric blue shopping bag from Adidas from her right forearm.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00008-00008413-00009377": "Meanwhile, Maria wore a skintight navy top over a colorful skirt, slinging a denim jacket over one arm and ambling about on white sneakers", "jMewWOdTCFM-00009-00009494-00010501": "Patrick is starring opposite Bella Thorne in Midnight Sun, a film that will be released in American movie theaters March 23 and British cinemas a week later.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00010-00010618-00011639": "Directed by Scott Speer, Midnight Sun is a remake of a 2006 Japanese film about a teen girl with the genetic disorder xeroderma pigmentosum.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00011-00011756-00012309": "Because of her condition, she cannot be in the sun and has to live nocturnally.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00012-00012426-00013591": "With a cast that also includes Rob Riggle and Quinn Shephard, this English-language remake of Norihiro Koizumi's Taiyō no Uta (Song to the Sun) will be out March 23.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00013-00013708-00014158": "Maria's late mother Eunice was the sister of John F", "jMewWOdTCFM-00014-00014275-00014919": "Kennedy, Bobby Kennedy and Teddy Kennedy, as well as four other less famous siblings.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00015-00015036-00016465": "This April will see the release of Chappaquiddick, a film covering the 1969 incident in which Teddy infamously drove into a tidal channel and swam to safety while 28-year-old passenger Mary Jo Kopechne drowned in the Oldsmobile.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00016-00016582-00017589": "Maria and Arnie tied the knot back in 1986 in Hyannis, Massachusetts - which was where Jack Kennedy gave his victory speech on winning the U.S", "jMewWOdTCFM-00017-00017706-00018835": "presidency in 1960. Days after he and Maria announced their split in 2011, Arnold publicly copped to having fathered a child by their maid Mildred Baena.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00018-00018952-00019450": "That son, whose name is Joseph, is now 20 years old.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00019-00019567-00020723": "Maria filed for divorce in 2011, enlisting Laura Wasser, the top-shelf celeb divorce lawyer whom Angelina Jolie hired in 2016 for her split from Brad Pitt.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00020-00020840-00021650": "In an OBJECTified interview with Harvey Levin that aired in November, Arnold confessed that the divorce had yet to be finalized.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00021-00021767-00022788": "Maria has been dating political consultant Matthew Dowd, the strategist for Schwarzenegger's 2006 reelection campaign, since 2013.", "jMewWOdTCFM-00022-00022905-00023542": "Arnie, 70, is dating 41-year-old blonde physical therapist Heather Milligan."}}, {"audio_id": "jMHmF7Zm7XY", "text": {"jMHmF7Zm7XY-00000-00000057-00000465": "Today we are going to be talking about collecting assignments and delivering", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00001-00000465-00000827": "tests in Blackboard. All right. I'm Michael Strunk.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00002-00000827-00001062": "I'm an Instructional Support Specialist. Uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00003-00001062-00001503": "I'm going to be walking through assignments and tests today. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00004-00001527-00001898": "as I mentioned earlier, Cynthia and Stephanie are both joining us [inaudible]", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00005-00002005-00002502": "the texts, so they will be there if we have extra questions. Uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00006-00002502-00002853": "do not forget our keep teaching website.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00007-00002856-00003120": "This has lots of good resources, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00008-00003126-00003474": "and it's also where you can go to set up an appointment with one of our staff", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00009-00003474-00003972": "should you need it. All right. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00010-00003978-00004382": "we are having additional workshops all week. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00011-00004415-00004667": "so please check our site for those.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00012-00004694-00005027": "And if you would like to schedule a one on one consultation,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00013-00005030-00005321": "either online or via phone, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00014-00005372-00006142": "please go to go.niu.edu/facdev-consultations.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00015-00006332-00006374": "All right,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00016-00006374-00006873": "so today, um, we're going to try to get through all of this in about half an hour", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00017-00006881-00007340": "or so, so that, uh, we leave plenty of time for your questions at the end. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00018-00007364-00007673": "but we're going to be starting in Ultra Course View. Uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00019-00007676-00008072": "we're going to show you how to create an assignment or test. I'm only gonna do,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00020-00008075-00008462": "uh, creating a test because creating an assignment is pretty much the same.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00021-00008501-00008714": "Uh, we'll uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00022-00008717-00009113": "talk about the grading workflow then in Ultra, and then we'll jump into original", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00023-00009113-00009329": "because that is a little more, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00024-00009330-00009569": "involved when you want to create assignments and tests.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00025-00009569-00009854": "And the two are just a little bit different. Uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00026-00009884-00010316": "and then, hopefully, we'll have a little time at the end to talk about some", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00027-00010316-00010703": "strategies maybe to prevent cheating and address your questions.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00028-00011123-00011590": "All right, so first thing we're going to do is, um, well here,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00029-00011590-00011779": "let me-- I'm just going to demonstrate this one.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00030-00011785-00012115": "I'm going to go ahead and share my screen with you.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00031-00012606-00013065": "All right. So here we have um, this is our, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00032-00013128-00013586": "courses page. I'm going to start, as I said, with the Ultra Course Views.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00033-00013586-00013826": "So I'm just going to go ahead and on my courses page,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00034-00013826-00014130": "I'm going to click My Ultra Course to open it.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00035-00015083-00015455": "All right. Uh, and as I said, once you, you've got this open, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00036-00015482-00015749": "creating a test is very easy.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00037-00015749-00016001": "Creating assignment works pretty much the same way.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00038-00016001-00016352": "So all we're going to do is we're going to come over here into our content area", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00039-00016435-00016926": "and we're going to hover our cursor to pull up a plus icon,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00040-00016986-00017250": "click it, and we will select create.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00041-00017577-00018067": "This now will um, open up our create panel.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00042-00018091-00018421": "Uh, this time, you can see if we scroll down about halfway,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00043-00018439-00018761": "we have an option to create a test or assignment. Uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00044-00018764-00019007": "this time I'm going to create a test.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00045-00019229-00019610": "So I just click on that to create the test and then the test canvas.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00046-00019643-00020111": "You do have to name your test. So I'm going to say test", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00047-00020319-00020716": "Module 3 for starters. Uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00048-00020716-00021092": "and once you've named it, then, uh, similar to when we, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00049-00021110-00021431": "created the test itself, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00050-00021434-00021689": "all you have to do is come down into the canvas area,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00051-00021689-00021986": "find the plus icon and click on it.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00052-00022055-00022517": "And now this brings up the, um, different types of questions you can add.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00053-00022556-00022988": "Um, for, um, all of these question types,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00054-00023000-00023453": "anything that, uh, say, is multiple choice, true/false, matching,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00055-00023453-00023936": "things like that, um, Blackboard will actually grade them for you,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00056-00023936-00024326": "so you don't have to worry about that. But something like, say, an essay question,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00057-00024359-00024800": "uh, that is then something that you will have to go in and grade.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00058-00024914-00025373": "Um, you can add text to, uh, the test,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00059-00025373-00025789": "like if you perhaps wanted to put in some extra directions. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00060-00025852-00026105": "but as I said, it's really easy to add a question.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00061-00026105-00026447": "I'm just gonna start by adding a true/false question.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00062-00026657-00027041": "Okay. Uh, and you can see it's very simple. Uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00063-00027041-00027305": "the points are up in the upper right. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00064-00027308-00027512": "that can be adjusted simply by clicking on it.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00065-00027514-00027779": "I'm just going to leave it where it is for now. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00066-00027833-00028235": "and then you come down here, and you simply type in your question,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00067-00028268-00028577": "which is going to be, um, is the--", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00068-00028981-00029202": "How about this? Sorry.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00069-00029347-00029644": "Sun is hot. Okay.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00070-00029719-00029917": "And then I've decided that's true.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00071-00029917-00030400": "So I'm going to designate my answer, and then I will click save. Okay.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00072-00030400-00030673": "Now I've got my first question in my test. Very simple.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00073-00030724-00030868": "If I want to add another question,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00074-00030904-00031572": "I'm going to click on the plus icon again and simply add another question.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00075-00031600-00032042": "Um, you will notice that there is a reuse question, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00076-00032044-00032431": "selection down here. That is so that if you have, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00077-00032464-00033014": "created tests before, you can come in and pull questions from previous tests,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00078-00033024-00033498": "um, to make it a little easier for you. Okay.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00079-00033505-00033814": "Once you have constructed your tests and you have all the questions in it,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00080-00033841-00034318": "then you can um, select your due date, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00081-00034351-00034669": "how you're going to grade it, how many attempts you allow, and all that stuff", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00082-00034689-00035112": "in the test settings panel. Uh, in assignment it works the same way. Uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00083-00035113-00035457": "the only difference is it will say assignment settings instead of test settings.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00084-00035511-00035594": "Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00085-00035594-00036470": "so you can either click on one of these items to get in here, or if you also", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00086-00036478-00036904": "click on the gear icon, this will open this same panel. Now from here,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00087-00036905-00037106": "you can set your due date. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00088-00037112-00037412": "you can decide if you want to randomize some questions,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00089-00037412-00037886": "which is one of our strategies for hopefully discouraging cheating.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00090-00037919-00038309": "Um, and you can come down here and you can, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00091-00038339-00038561": "set all of the parameters of your test.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00092-00038597-00038951": "We do have some additional tools down here, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00093-00039017-00039416": "that you can add. Um, again, these are helpful for cheating prevention,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00094-00039416-00039608": "like adding a time limit. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00095-00039614-00040019": "this is also where you'll add a grading rubric if you'd like to use it. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00096-00040022-00040373": "that is of course up to you. Or enable SafeAssign. Uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00097-00040394-00040796": "one quick word on SafeAssign. It is very helpful, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00098-00040850-00041288": "for detecting plagiarism, but it is not foolproof. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00099-00041294-00041672": "so just be aware of that. Okay. Once you have, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00100-00041859-00042198": "created your test and assigned all of your, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00101-00042231-00042534": "test settings to your liking, all you have to do is click save", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00102-00043013-00043430": "and you should be good. Oh, one thing too. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00103-00043487-00043763": "in Ultra, the default is always hidden.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00104-00043763-00044099": "So you're gonna need to make sure that if you want this, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00105-00044132-00044351": "available to students, you're gonna need to make it visible.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00106-00044738-00044861": "And once you've done that,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00107-00045008-00045491": "then you can see now when I come back out to my, uh, course area,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00108-00045509-00045950": "I've got this test here for Module 3 is already loaded where I want it.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00109-00046238-00046700": "So, uh, once you have your test in there and then students,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00110-00046706-00047138": "um, are either taking the test or completing an assignment,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00111-00047171-00047654": "um, to find out, um, what's been done,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00112-00047663-00047936": "All you'll have to do, if you're in the Ultra View, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00113-00047939-00048311": "is you can see that from out front.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00114-00048311-00048809": "If you come out to the, um, base navigation and click on the grades tab,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00115-00048992-00049448": "this shows you a list of all of your courses that have work in them, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00116-00049466-00049706": "and student submissions. So, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00117-00049709-00050114": "all you have to do then is then click on whichever one of these items you would", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00118-00050114-00050393": "like to, uh, start grading.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00119-00050690-00051128": "One thing Ultra is that, um, after you have graded something,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00120-00051173-00051461": "it waits for you to actually post the grades. Uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00121-00051464-00051851": "this is so that you can sort of hold off posting grades and giving feedback", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00122-00051851-00052298": "until everyone has, uh, completed the test or the due date has passed.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00123-00052337-00052754": "Um, but again, that is kind of up to you. All right,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00124-00052754-00053037": "so that was real quick on um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00125-00053169-00053583": "the Ultra Course View. Now we're going to move to the original course view.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00126-00054047-00054482": "All right, so inside our original course, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00127-00054569-00055016": "and most of you, if you're starting, you have these, um, default,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00128-00055079-00055550": "um, areas up at the top. I would go ahead and, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00129-00055555-00055988": "just put any assessments and, or rather, assignments and tests,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00130-00055991-00056372": "go ahead and place them in the assessments area. That'll, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00131-00056391-00056779": "make it easier for you and easy for students to find. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00132-00056836-00057019": "and anyway, to create an assignment,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00133-00057037-00057328": "we're going to start first by entering this assessments area.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00134-00057552-00057861": "And then, um, to create an assignment from here,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00135-00057864-00058091": "I'm going to come up to the top, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00136-00058095-00058595": "and I'm going to roll over assessments here and click assignment because I want", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00137-00058596-00059022": "to create a new assignment. Um, and now I'm, and", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00138-00059044-00059302": "many of you are probably familiar with this, but, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00139-00059335-00059695": "now I'm in the create assignment area. I can give it a name.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00140-00059732-00060022": "I'm going to call it \"Assignment", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00141-00060220-00060303": "COVID.\"", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00142-00060646-00061021": "And I can just scroll down. If I want to add files,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00143-00061024-00061387": "I will add them in the assignment file area. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00144-00061390-00061837": "I can create a due date. I can add the points possible.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00145-00061840-00062221": "Notice there's an asterisk here, so that is required. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00146-00062296-00062488": "and then a few more things. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00147-00062491-00062944": "down here, it will default to individual submission,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00148-00062944-00063232": "but if you would like to create group assignments, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00149-00063235-00063516": "that is going to be done here under the submission details.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00150-00063516-00063940": "You can see you're just gonna, um, click on that group submission button. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00151-00063946-00064378": "and this is also in original where you're going to enable the SafeAssign.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00152-00064404-00064813": "So you would check these boxes to enable SafeAssign. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00153-00064840-00065308": "one thing here is you can um, choose the number of attempts,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00154-00065341-00065424": "um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00155-00065527-00065896": "depending on the stakes of your assignment. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00156-00065896-00066223": "it is usually a good idea to allow multiple attempts. Uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00157-00066223-00066697": "the problem with the single attempt is that if something happens to a student,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00158-00066733-00067117": "um, for instance, they lose their internet connection or get timed out,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00159-00067117-00067279": "something like that, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00160-00067369-00067869": "having a single attempt then means that they won't be able to get back in to,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00161-00067888-00067971": "uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00162-00068059-00068506": "complete the assignment unless you go in and clear their initial attempt.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00163-00068533-00068616": "So, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00164-00068623-00069097": "unless it's some sort of exam where you want people only using it,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00165-00069106-00069451": "only doing it once, I would suggest allowing multiple attempts.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00166-00069604-00069934": "Um, if you scroll down a little further, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00167-00070075-00070465": "you can click on this display of grades. Um, the default is score,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00168-00070465-00070690": "but you can choose letter or percentage if you'd like.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00169-00070714-00070879": "And this is where if you want,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00170-00070909-00071248": "you can unclick this and make an assignment", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00171-00071272-00071741": "not be part of your grading center calculations. Um, finally,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00172-00071783-00072035": "don't forget about availability. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00173-00072071-00072542": "unlike Ultra, in original, assignments are automatically available,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00174-00072542-00072893": "but you can adjust the date, um, by selecting it down here.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00175-00072932-00073142": "Once you've done all that, you're going to click submit.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00176-00073619-00074030": "And since, um-- what happens in, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00177-00074057-00074516": "original is that if you have some assignments, it will automatically, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00178-00074531-00074837": "put your new assignment at the bottom. So if you scroll down here.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00179-00074837-00075202": "you can see that this new assignment I've just created is right here.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00180-00075352-00075796": "Alright now, if we want to create a test, that's a little bit different,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00181-00075800-00076055": "but it starts the same. We're in our assessments area,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00182-00076097-00076493": "but this time we're going to click test,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00183-00076493-00076964": "and this brings us to the, uh, test creation canvas. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00184-00077042-00077444": "you'll notice if you have created tests previously in your course,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00185-00077444-00077906": "you may see them here listed. Um, this is new for me, so I don't have anything.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00186-00077906-00078152": "But if you need to create a new test,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00187-00078167-00078569": "all you're going to do is click the create button. Uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00188-00078569-00078725": "we're going to name our new test.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00189-00078767-00079076": "So I'm gonna just call this New Test 5.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00190-00079399-00079864": "And you would add a description and, of course, the instructions.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00191-00080382-00080685": "And when you have that, you're going to click submit, and that will take us", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00192-00080685-00081090": "now here. That brings us into the test canvas. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00193-00081092-00081622": "this is somewhat similar to Ultra in that you're going to come up here,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00194-00081660-00081978": "uh, where it says create question, and you can see there are a bunch of different", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00195-00081978-00082320": "questions here you can choose. Uh, again,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00196-00082326-00082769": "I'm going to click true/false, and I'm gonna", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00197-00082769-00083166": "call this question \"R\" just for the heck of it. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00198-00083247-00083556": "is it sunny today?", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00199-00083977-00084124": "My answer is true. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00200-00084126-00084678": "one nice feature in original here is that you can add different feedback to", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00201-00084678-00085012": "students. So if they get the response correct, you can say, hey, way to go.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00202-00085033-00085360": "If they get the response incorrect, this is a place where you can say, hey,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00203-00085408-00085456": "you know,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00204-00085456-00085879": "you may need to go back and review Chapter 3 or something like that.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00205-00086053-00086374": "Um, but once you've got all that filled in and you're ready to go,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00206-00086374-00086491": "you're going to click submit.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00207-00086828-00087227": "And again, similar to what we had in uh, Ultra,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00208-00087233-00087602": "you can come in here and add more questions simply by, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00209-00087605-00087851": "scrolling over and clicking on the plus icon.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00210-00087884-00088331": "Once you've got your test constructed, you're going to click OK. Now,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00211-00088367-00088670": "uh, unlike the original, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00212-00088673-00089108": "you have to deploy your test. So, um, this is where, and if you've,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00213-00089135-00089414": "if you've already got a test created and it shows up in your list,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00214-00089429-00089834": "you can just kind of skip to this step. Um, but to deploy a test,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00215-00089855-00090215": "it's pretty easy. You just need to highlight it and then click submit.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00216-00090533-00090776": "Okay, this is going to give us test options again.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00217-00091051-00091147": "We've submitted it.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00218-00091513-00091948": "And you'll see again, this is going to bring this down to the bottom. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00219-00091954-00092293": "if you need to move things up, uh, simply come over here,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00220-00092293-00092526": "grab this arrow, and drag it up.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00221-00092756-00092824": "Okay, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00222-00092824-00093336": "now, to get into the grading workflow in original, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00223-00093339-00093630": "what you're going to want to do, um, is A,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00224-00093630-00094041": "you can do it as I showed you earlier from the base navigation page by going", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00225-00094041-00094503": "into your course, or you can do it from inside your course here too, by, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00226-00094515-00094917": "expanding the selections under grade center and clicking on needs grading.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00227-00094923-00095289": "This will show you everything in your class that needs grading. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00228-00095313-00095718": "I don't have anything in this class right now, so that's a terrible example. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00229-00095760-00096021": "but that is a way to get into the grading workflow.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00230-00096299-00096635": "This, again, can also be done from the grades tab.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00231-00096800-00096977": "Um, if I,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00232-00097085-00097439": "and you can see this is kind of nice because it shows all of your courses in one", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00233-00097439-00097763": "spot. And, uh, my ETRA 3 SHELL,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00234-00097766-00097961": "I don't have anything to grade right now.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00235-00098100-00098718": "Alright, I felt like I zoomed through that at about a million miles an hour.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00236-00098730-00099120": "Um, so I wanna pause for a second, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00237-00099178-00099661": "to give people a chance to A, catch your breath, myself included, um, and also,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00238-00099661-00099820": "uh, ask any questions.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00239-00099820-00100050": "Um, Michael,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00240-00100050-00100422": "so I have a few questions from faculty here. I think it's better for,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00241-00100430-00100805": "for us to address it now because we're getting the same questions anyways. Uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00242-00100805-00101054": "so they're asking if there's a way for them,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00243-00101057-00101504": "if they already have the questions in the word documents uploaded and,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00244-00101532-00101960": "and in the test. So is there a way to do that? Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00245-00101986-00102433": "yeah. That, that can be a little complicated. The, the best thing you can,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00246-00102456-00103009": "probably the easiest thing to do is to have two windows open and,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00247-00103032-00103059": "um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00248-00103059-00103559": "simply cut and paste from your word document into the test canvas.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00249-00103659-00104140": "Um, you can upload test questions by putting them in an Excel document,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00250-00104179-00104614": "but that is kind of complicated, and I really wouldn't recommend tackling that", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00251-00104644-00105108": "unless you have, uh, some time to devote to it. Um, I do think that,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00252-00105159-00105613": "um, you know, if you have a word document and have all your, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00253-00105636-00105730": "questions written out", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00254-00105730-00106039": "at least, that'll save you some time by cutting and pasting.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00255-00106309-00106496": "Yeah, there's some, yeah, there's some, yeah,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00256-00106496-00106754": "there's some instruction out there. I think I had,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00257-00106757-00106889": "I know what you're referring to,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00258-00106889-00107261": "[inaudible] document would take it,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00259-00107264-00107659": "but I'm guessing it's not true. Yeah, I,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00260-00107670-00108108": "I have tried it a few times myself and it's, it's kind of a frustrating process.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00261-00108134-00108195": "Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00262-00108195-00108695": "I have made it work at times and also struggled with it at times.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00263-00108734-00109078": "So just, I'm, you know, trying to keep things simple.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00264-00109140-00109347": "Cutting and pasting I know will work.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00265-00109936-00110375": "Okay. And then, uh, there's another question about-- oh, yeah,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00266-00110375-00110753": "so if they develop, um, a core, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00267-00110756-00111206": "like a diff, the same test, they want to deploy it in that different,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00268-00111215-00111658": "um, section, how do they do it? Okay.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00269-00111688-00112018": "Uh, what you can do in that instance is, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00270-00112021-00112453": "copy your test into, uh, your new course.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00271-00112483-00112852": "Um, so you would do that in,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00272-00112855-00112983": "let's see here.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00273-00113496-00113976": "In original, I believe uh, what you're going to come and do is,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00274-00114003-00114444": "uh, you will come down to the-- where is it--", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00275-00114444-00114852": "the packages and utilities. Um, yeah,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00276-00114855-00115041": "you're going to do probably,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00277-00115116-00115530": "I think probably the easiest way is to do a course copy.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00278-00115644-00116031": "Um, and then when you're here in this, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00279-00116064-00116442": "only select the tests, surveys and polls to move over.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00280-00116442-00116853": "That will move your tests into your new course.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00281-00117215-00117698": "And then in Ultra, I believe it's a little simpler, actually.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00282-00117742-00118072": "Um, you should be able to...", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00283-00118346-00118546": "Let me see if I can...", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00284-00119304-00119388": "Alright.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00285-00119602-00119764": "No, this is not correct.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00286-00120131-00120338": "I think that would be for the--", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00287-00120436-00120851": "I think you want to go to reuse questions, and if you have--", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00288-00120929-00121415": "Yeah, so, um, it actually is, this is tied to all of my, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00289-00121538-00121636": "other courses.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00290-00121726-00122366": "So this is kind of where I've got just a depository of some questions. So you can", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00291-00122368-00122494": "copy them from here.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00292-00122960-00123114": "Okay. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00293-00123117-00123594": "I see somebody is asking about a lockdown browser, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00294-00123603-00123975": "for tests. We are, at, at the time,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00295-00123996-00124299": "at this time, we are not recommending that because, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00296-00124383-00124658": "that is something that a student would have to, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00297-00124723-00125188": "download and use on their machine. Um, our students may not have,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00298-00125242-00125733": "uh, the ability to do that. Um, so, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00299-00125803-00126208": "we're just gonna sort of have to admit that, you know,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00300-00126208-00126607": "these students are now in an uncontrolled environment, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00301-00126609-00126735": "when they're taking these tests.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00302-00126735-00127141": "So some things you can do are, say, randomized questions.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00303-00127171-00127606": "You might want to um, add a time limit so that they are,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00304-00127639-00128034": "um, forced to sort of, um, you know, not,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00305-00128038-00128323": "or they won't have time to go out and check other sources.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00306-00128338-00128593": "You could just make an open book test, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00307-00128596-00128875": "and then make the questions a little harder, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00308-00128880-00129157": "a little more higher order thinking.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00309-00129325-00129741": "Sorry, Michael. Are you done with that question", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00310-00129742-00129963": "because I have a few more", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00311-00130008-00130332": "other questions too that might apply to everyone else.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00312-00130361-00130806": "So it's about the [inaudible] ask about how do students upload their assignments", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00313-00130839-00131339": "and is there a file size limit and type limit to the assignments that students", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00314-00131352-00131435": "can submit?", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00315-00131559-00131964": "Um, yeah, there is, there is a practical, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00316-00131970-00132372": "size limit, although, if students are uploading text files and stuff,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00317-00132375-00132600": "it shouldn't be a problem. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00318-00132705-00133110": "if you're going to have students uploading videos, then you, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00319-00133119-00133560": "probably will have, um, issues that way.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00320-00133560-00134025": "And so we may want to, um, set that up a little differently.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00321-00134025-00134205": "You might want to use one of the, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00322-00134367-00134640": "other tools available for video, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00323-00134655-00135048": "because that'll keep the sizes down and make it work a little better.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00324-00135399-00135504": "Is there-- I see...", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00325-00135507-00135966": "Yeah, there's a few more. So, yeah,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00326-00135966-00136326": "so there's another question from Theresa that,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00327-00136338-00136684": "could you demonstrate how a multiple choice question was--", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00328-00136686-00137234": "I'm not entirely sure if it's like how the students maybe see it, or I'm not entirely", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00329-00137234-00137334": "sure of that question.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00330-00137340-00137764": "Yeah. Here, what I'm going to do-- hold on. Let me just, um--", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00331-00137790-00138093": "First off, I'm going to jump into, in this Ultra,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00332-00138099-00138378": "I'm gonna jump into student preview mode.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00333-00139160-00139514": "Okay. And now this is, this is what I'm seeing as a student. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00334-00139517-00139832": "and so when I go to, say, take the test, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00335-00139841-00140132": "all I do is I click on this. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00336-00140279-00140657": "it initially shows me some of the parameters. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00337-00140672-00141224": "I click view assessment down here, and this brings me into the test.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00338-00141328-00141694": "Okay. If, um, and then all", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00339-00141695-00142181": "I have to do is click on the answer I want and submit. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00340-00142259-00142661": "and you can see there's a, like in assignments, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00341-00142667-00143078": "students can add stuff, uh, directly from this view,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00342-00143276-00143501": "and when they're finished, they simply click submit.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00343-00144006-00144411": "And then as you can see, in this case, because it's a true/false, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00344-00144420-00144786": "the machine grades it. Since I got it right, I got ten out of ten. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00345-00144852-00145155": "one thing I didn't mention earlier is anytime you create a,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00346-00145170-00145602": "an assignment or a test in Ultra or original, you will,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00347-00145656-00145674": "uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00348-00145674-00146154": "it automatically creates a column in the grade center that then those scores are", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00349-00146154-00146325": "then thrown into. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00350-00146328-00146685": "so anytime you grade, those grades are automatically entered into the grade", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00351-00146685-00146768": "center.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00352-00147037-00147121": "Okay. Next question.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00353-00147196-00147766": "So can you set a time limit on a quiz for, let's say, 15 minutes once it's started?", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00354-00147872-00148190": "Yes. Um, and what happens is, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00355-00148196-00148728": "students can enter the quiz at, say, different times depending on how long your", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00356-00148738-00148984": "availability is set for. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00357-00148991-00149483": "but once they enter the quiz, the timer starts and,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00358-00149504-00149858": "uh, it doesn't matter if they, um, leave or not.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00359-00149858-00150170": "The timer just runs until it's over. So, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00360-00150206-00150323": "there are a couple of things you can do.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00361-00150323-00151056": "You can either elect to have the test or assignment automatically submitted when", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00362-00151056-00151364": "the timer expires or um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00363-00151370-00151628": "you can let them just finish. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00364-00151634-00152021": "and then what'll happen, when you go into grade, it will tell you, hey,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00365-00152021-00152417": "this student exceeded the time limit, and then you can impose whatever", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00366-00152585-00152999": "penalty you, you had decided on and, and shared with the students.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00367-00153197-00153280": "Is that helpful?", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00368-00153357-00153738": "Yeah, I think so. Yeah. So there's another question from [inaudible]. She says, so", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00369-00153738-00154017": "I guess because we showed the true or false, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00370-00154026-00154419": "option, and she's asking what does a multiple choice look like?", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00371-00154419-00154846": "But basically, it's the same kind of thing. You just have to -- It's pretty much", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00372-00154846-00155292": "going to be the same. Yeah. Um, here, I'll pop in and show you one real quick.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00373-00155617-00156102": "Oh, I wanted to exit. Whoops. Okay. There we go.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00374-00156318-00156795": "So, edit. Okay.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00375-00156795-00157215": "And this time, I add a question. Uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00376-00157242-00157515": "you said multiple choice, correct? Yep. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00377-00157533-00157932": "so all you have to do then is this time, um--", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00378-00159303-00159393": "Sorry, my,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00379-00159808-00159940": "my typing is not good,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00380-00160024-00160359": "but those of you who are old like me will recognize this.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00381-00160620-00160938": "Okay. So all you have to do then, you're going to designate your, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00382-00160950-00161424": "correct answer by clicking it. Um, you can choose more than one. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00383-00161430-00161577": "and you can also, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00384-00161577-00162060": "rearrange your order if you'd like. You can add,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00385-00162108-00162131": "uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00386-00162131-00162552": "additional choices by clicking add choice down here or remove them by clicking", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00387-00162552-00162915": "the trashcan. Um, once you're done, you click save.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00388-00163056-00163554": "It's going to look the same for students, although you can um, as I said,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00389-00163554-00163749": "one of your choices, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00390-00163754-00164442": "I believe in your settings is to randomize answers.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00391-00164460-00164704": "Um, so if you do that, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00392-00164714-00165278": "then every time a student clicks on this question,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00393-00165284-00165638": "they're all going to get a different order of the responses.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00394-00165663-00166161": "So that's another way to sort of, um, discourage dishonesty.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00395-00166472-00166956": "The next question is how accurate is Blackboard? If a student misspells a word,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00396-00166962-00167424": "how is it graded? Well,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00397-00167430-00167745": "um, if it,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00398-00167904-00168354": "it will, um, I mean anytime you have an essay type of question,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00399-00168417-00168861": "it will, um, ask you to grade it.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00400-00168864-00169323": "So the, that's sort of up to you at that point.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00401-00169362-00169686": "Um, when you create text responses,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00402-00169686-00170130": "I believe that you can type in different, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00403-00170202-00170697": "types of responses so that it can,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00404-00170760-00171183": "a student can match it in more than one way. Um, as I said,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00405-00171183-00171552": "I would try to keep things very simple, so I wouldn't, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00406-00171672-00171987": "you know, I wouldn't necessarily, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00407-00172004-00172556": "try to make students match an exact phrase.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00408-00172562-00172958": "I mean, you can, um, think about that, and, you know, you can,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00409-00172971-00173379": "you can construct a multiple choice question probably that will get the job", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00410-00173379-00173806": "done. Okay, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00411-00173810-00173964": "the other question is,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00412-00173964-00174312": "can you upload tests in advance where students can't see them?", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00413-00174483-00174762": "Yeah, you can, uh, you just keep it, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00414-00174774-00175137": "keep the visibility turned off. So like, for example,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00415-00175137-00175389": "this test that I just created, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00416-00175540-00175918": "what I can do is just click hidden from students. And now, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00417-00175945-00176374": "this is in here. It's in your course, but it is hidden. Students can't see it.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00418-00176410-00176737": "Um, if I jump into student preview right now,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00419-00177304-00177760": "and you'll see that the, uh, the test is not showing up for students. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00420-00177796-00178237": "and that's so that you can, in fact, um, get your tests ready, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00421-00178244-00178576": "have them ready to go so you don't have to like throw them in at the last", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00422-00178576-00178659": "second.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00423-00178996-00179401": "And then kind of, a kind of followup question for that is if you already have", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00424-00179401-00179626": "columns in your grade center for quizzes,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00425-00179647-00180022": "will there be another one added if you create a new quiz?", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00426-00180175-00180619": "Um, yeah, anytime, if you create a new quiz, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00427-00180622-00181023": "it will create a new column for you. Uh, if you, I,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00428-00181023-00181474": "I wonder if you're talking about maybe a calculated column um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00429-00181480-00181951": "that, say, takes all of the quiz scores and totals them? Um, in that case,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00430-00181951-00182440": "as long as you've got your calculations set up correctly and then you categorize", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00431-00182440-00182590": "your quiz correctly,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00432-00182620-00182950": "it will automatically add to that calculated column.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00433-00183148-00183388": "Okay. And then, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00434-00183815-00184304": "so Mary Ann said, no current-- she doesn't have any columns set up.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00435-00184444-00184848": "So, [inaudible]", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00436-00184848-00185080": "So you created the columns and,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00437-00185321-00185570": "but you haven't created the quiz. Is that correct?", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00438-00186289-00186748": "Cause if, if you've done that, um, I would encourage you, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00439-00186796-00187291": "to hide those columns. Um, and just when you create your quiz,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00440-00187300-00187360": "uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00441-00187360-00187860": "it will automatically create the column for you, and everything works so that the", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00442-00187870-00188347": "scores automatically go there. Um, I've seen in the past where, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00443-00188353-00188788": "if you get multiple columns, sometimes that can get confusing, and um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00444-00188821-00189013": "what can happen is, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00445-00189106-00189568": "scores will be going to the column, to an incorrect column and then don't get,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00446-00189586-00190066": "um, pulled into the grade total.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00447-00190111-00190474": "Um, if you, yeah, if,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00448-00190519-00190936": "if you just set up the columns and don't have the quizzes made,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00449-00191023-00191506": "then you, you can probably just get rid of those columns. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00450-00191509-00191899": "and when you make your test, it will create another column for you.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00451-00191965-00192316": "I would suggest that. I think that'll probably be the easiest for you.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00452-00192887-00193358": "Um, yeah, you can upload, uh, pictures,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00453-00193391-00193859": "um, and all kinds of stuff through the text editor. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00454-00193943-00194141": "let me see if I can hop back in there again.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00455-00194783-00195278": "So if I, say-- yeah, if I go to add text, if you'll notice,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00456-00195284-00195755": "um, one of my options here, um, is to insert some local files.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00457-00195776-00195827": "Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00458-00195827-00196518": "there's also this guy here, which allows you to insert a video from the web.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00459-00196660-00196900": "And this guy here allows you to insert a link.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00460-00197494-00197918": "So Michael, I don't know if you want to show them if you want to insert, um, the,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00461-00197918-00198514": "the mathematical equations and any functions. Oh, yeah, thank you for", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00462-00198518-00198692": "bringing that up. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00463-00198813-00199272": "in the text editor, there is a, um, math function,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00464-00199458-00199941": "which if you click on this F sub X here, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00465-00200010-00200271": "it will bring you to the insert math formula.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00466-00200442-00200844": "And here, you have quite a bit of stuff. Um, I am not a mathematician,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00467-00200844-00200928": "so this is,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00468-00201143-00201443": "literally very confusing to me. But, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00469-00201455-00201920": "this is where you would go then to create a formula. Um, you can also,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00470-00201923-00202388": "um, you know, plug in the answers, and this, again, will grade it for you.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00471-00202832-00202916": "Is that helpful?", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00472-00203050-00203474": "I think-- yep. I think that's-- yeah, that's, that's, that's what we need.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00473-00203482-00203796": "And I just want to address, um, [inaudible], uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00474-00203800-00204091": "question about uploading videos in Blackboard.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00475-00204126-00204660": "I think it's, uh, because we're concentrating on the assessments in this session.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00476-00204682-00205156": "We have a different session for uploading, working with videos in Blackboard.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00477-00205183-00205683": "So you might want to check our keep teaching websites for the workshop", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00478-00205702-00206053": "listing for that. So we have a couple of those in there,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00479-00206053-00206434": "so you might want to go ahead and check those out for the videos.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00480-00206713-00206796": "Excellent.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00481-00207154-00207523": "All right. Do we have more questions? We have plenty of time.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00482-00207523-00207709": "We can get into some more detail.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00483-00207935-00208163": "Like, I know I went through it very quickly, so", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00484-00208319-00208567": "that's a lot to digest in a short amount of time.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00485-00208936-00209365": "You know, we are here to help you, so please, please reach out to us. Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00486-00209500-00209740": "in the event that you need help, um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00487-00209883-00210342": "we will do our best to get back to you just as soon as we can.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00488-00210371-00210455": "Um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00489-00210567-00211062": "and don't forget-- where is my slide here? Yes.", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00490-00211164-00211644": "Uh, don't forget, um, we do have these additional workshops. If you need, uh,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00491-00211760-00212048": "a more personalized consultation, please um,", "jMHmF7Zm7XY-00492-00212157-00212657": "hit us up at go.niu.edu/facdevconsultations."}}, {"audio_id": "jMYZe5ITaoc", "text": {"jMYZe5ITaoc-00000-00000189-00000471": "- Now that we've taken a look at how hypothesis testing works", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00001-00000471-00000690": "specifically in the context of one proportion,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00002-00000690-00000933": "we can extend it to hypothesis testing", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00003-00000933-00001140": "in many different situations.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00004-00001140-00001389": "And one of those situations involves", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00005-00001389-00001730": "having two proportions, or two groups, and trying to decide,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00006-00001730-00002134": "are the two groups the same, or are the two groups different?", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00007-00002134-00002757": "So our question for the day is, how do we test", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00008-00002757-00003433": "a claim about two proportions?", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00009-00003867-00004079": "We're going to have two groups and we want to know,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00010-00004079-00004224": "are these two groups the same?", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00011-00004224-00004335": "Is one group bigger?", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00012-00004335-00004629": "Is one group smaller?", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00013-00004629-00005028": "What can we conclude about these two proportions?", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00014-00005028-00005340": "And the idea of a hypothesis test is identical to the idea", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00015-00005340-00005616": "that we did with one proportion.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00016-00005616-00006541": "The only difference is we have a few different equations needed", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00017-00006541-00006862": "to find the test statistic.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00018-00007114-00007261": "First thing we need to know is what", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00019-00007261-00007554": "we're going to call the pooled proportion.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00020-00007919-00008324": "The pooled proportion is what the proportion would be", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00021-00008324-00008525": "if the groups weren't separate.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00022-00008525-00008696": "So if we weren't comparing men and women,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00023-00008696-00008861": "but we were just looking at people,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00024-00008861-00009270": "how many successes are there out of the total group?", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00025-00009270-00009446": "The pooled proportion we represent", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00026-00009446-00009746": "with P sub C. The pooled proportion", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00027-00009746-00010091": "is equal to the sum of the successes from the first group", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00028-00010091-00010571": "and the sum of the successes from the second group divided", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00029-00010571-00010988": "by the number in the first group plus the number", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00030-00010988-00011229": "in the second group.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00031-00011229-00011450": "And as a tip, if you do this on your calculator,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00032-00011450-00011630": "you will probably need to put parentheses", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00033-00011630-00011891": "around the numerator and denominator to make sure", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00034-00011891-00012122": "that division happens in the correct order,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00035-00012122-00012493": "because a proportion should always be between 0 and 1.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00036-00012493-00012732": "If your proportion's not between 0 and 1,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00037-00012732-00013065": "check the order of operations.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00038-00013065-00013304": "So this is our first important formula,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00039-00013304-00013679": "finding the pooled proportion in order", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00040-00013679-00013949": "to test the two proportions if there was", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00041-00013949-00014341": "no separation of the groups.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00042-00014341-00014513": "The second formula you need to know", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00043-00014513-00015290": "is the distribution for two proportions.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00044-00015290-00015605": "When we compare two proportions, we don't just compare them.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00045-00015605-00015893": "What we actually do is we take the first proportion", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00046-00015893-00016182": "of our sample and subtract the second proportion", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00047-00016182-00016241": "of the sample.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00048-00016241-00016691": "We're actually looking at the distribution of the difference", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00049-00016691-00016919": "between the proportions.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00050-00016919-00017066": "And they are normally distributed,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00051-00017066-00017207": "as you might expect.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00052-00017207-00017453": "And if they are the same, we should", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00053-00017453-00017583": "have a difference of zero.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00054-00017921-00018215": "The standard error formula has a little bit more involved,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00055-00018215-00018593": "but not difficult. It's the pooled proportion", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00056-00018593-00018836": "times 1 minus the pooled proportion,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00057-00018836-00019217": "which might be the pooled [? Q, ?]", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00058-00019217-00019604": "times 1 over the first sample size plus 1", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00059-00019604-00019810": "over the second sample size.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00060-00020206-00020547": "So that is the second key thing we need specifically", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00061-00020547-00020907": "because it is going to help us find the standard error.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00062-00020907-00021219": "That big square root is the standard error", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00063-00021219-00021654": "that we need to calculate the test statistic.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00064-00022108-00022468": "The normal distribution, the test statistic is z.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00065-00022468-00022645": "And the test statistic here is going", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00066-00022645-00022925": "to be the difference in the proportions,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00067-00022925-00023587": "P hat A minus P had B divided by the standard error.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00068-00023931-00024175": "So that's the third new equation we need.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00069-00024175-00024556": "Other than that, everything is identical to what", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00070-00024556-00024817": "we've seen before, so we should be", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00071-00024817-00025441": "able to jump right in to an example where we", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00072-00025441-00025807": "will compare two proportions.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00073-00026227-00027339": "Let's say a restaurant wants to know", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00074-00027339-00028895": "if teens are more likely to order dessert than adults.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00075-00029365-00029502": "Knowing this information can help", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00076-00029502-00029780": "them plan their future marketing campaign,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00077-00029780-00031267": "so they contact a sample of 84 adults.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00078-00031899-00032077": "33 order dessert.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00079-00032711-00033622": "They contact a sample of 91 teens.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00080-00034033-00034179": "46 order dessert.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00081-00034951-00036755": "Can they conclude teens are more likely to order dessert", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00082-00036755-00037690": "if our alpha level equals 0.10?", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00083-00037690-00037865": "Notice this example is different than when", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00084-00037865-00038032": "we had one single mean.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00085-00038032-00038174": "When we had one single mean, there", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00086-00038174-00038579": "was a global claim that said the proportion is equal to such", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00087-00038579-00038823": "and such a percent.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00088-00038823-00039042": "Here, we don't have any such global claim.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00089-00039042-00039426": "Here, we're doing a sample of two separate groups.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00090-00039426-00039619": "And then we're going through and comparing,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00091-00039619-00039903": "are these two separate groups different,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00092-00039903-00040240": "or are they the same?", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00093-00040240-00040435": "So setting up our null hypothesis,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00094-00040435-00040736": "the null hypothesis is always going to have equality,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00095-00040736-00041120": "so the null hypothesis is that the proportion of the teens who", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00096-00041120-00041452": "order dessert is equal to the proportion of adults", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00097-00041452-00041677": "who order dessert.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00098-00041677-00041903": "Notice I use a subscript on each of the Ps", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00099-00041903-00042376": "so I know which one is which, T for teens and A for adults.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00100-00042376-00042742": "That way when I set up my alternative hypothesis,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00101-00042742-00043156": "we want to know, are the teens more likely to order dessert?", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00102-00043156-00043381": "They want to know if the proportion of teens", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00103-00043381-00043756": "is greater than the proportion of the adults.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00104-00043756-00044368": "What we have actually is a right-tailed test", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00105-00044368-00044870": "because we are going to reject in the right tail.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00106-00044870-00045466": "Drawing our little picture, the mean, the assumed difference,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00107-00045466-00045673": "the hypothesized difference is that there is", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00108-00045673-00045817": "zero difference between them.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00109-00046297-00046548": "The order of my hypothesis tells me", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00110-00046548-00046692": "the order of the subtraction.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00111-00046692-00046865": "We always subtract left to right.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00112-00046865-00047049": "So what we're really doing is the proportion", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00113-00047049-00047457": "of teens minus the proportion of the adults.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00114-00047457-00047784": "We're claiming the teens are bigger than the adults.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00115-00047784-00048024": "So we're taking a big number minus a small number", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00116-00048024-00048369": "it should give us a positive number and something", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00117-00048369-00048618": "in that right tail.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00118-00048618-00048913": "That's what we're going to attempt to find.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00119-00049217-00049409": "Let's calculate some of the pieces", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00120-00049409-00049663": "that we're going to need in order to solve this.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00121-00049663-00049970": "First, the proportion of teens.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00122-00049970-00050504": "There are 46 out of 91 teens that ordered dessert.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00123-00050504-00050975": "That's going to be 0.55.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00124-00050975-00051133": "The proportion of adults who order", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00125-00051133-00052191": "dessert, that's going to be 33 out of 84, or 0.393.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00126-00052191-00052488": "And then for our pooled proportion,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00127-00052488-00052742": "if there was only one group-- not two separate groups,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00128-00052742-00052944": "and we just interviewed people--", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00129-00052944-00053409": "the number of successes would have been 46 plus 33", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00130-00053409-00053867": "over the number of trials would be 91 plus 84.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00131-00053867-00054039": "Making sure I use parentheses so I", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00132-00054039-00054305": "don't get in trouble with order of operations,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00133-00054305-00055191": "the pooled proportion is 0.451.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00134-00055191-00055404": "We can use that information--", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00135-00055404-00055533": "let's not scroll too far.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00136-00055533-00055845": "Keep that hypothesis on there.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00137-00055845-00056125": "We can use that information to find the distribution.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00138-00056616-00057066": "We know the difference in the proportion between the teens", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00139-00057066-00057761": "and the adults is normally distributed with a mean of 0", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00140-00057761-00058196": "and a standard error equal to that big square root.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00141-00058196-00059010": "The pooled proportion of 0.451 times 1 minus the 0.451 times 1", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00142-00059010-00059490": "over the first sample size of 91 plus 1 over the second sample", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00143-00059490-00060051": "size of 84, or normally distributed with a mean", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00144-00060051-00060392": "of 0 and a standard error--", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00145-00060392-00061429": "if you put that in your calculator-- of 0.0752.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00146-00061429-00061979": "Now that we know the standard error and the distribution,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00147-00061979-00062674": "we can calculate the z-value, the test statistic.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00148-00062674-00062890": "Let's label it test statistic.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00149-00063570-00063712": "The difference in the proportions,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00150-00063712-00063985": "we're going to do the same order is the hypothesis.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00151-00063985-00064735": "So we do the teens minus the adults, 0.505 minus 0.393", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00152-00064735-00065272": "over the standard error of 0.0752.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00153-00065272-00065494": "Now, just so I can label it on my picture,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00154-00065494-00065689": "let's do the subtraction in the numerator.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00155-00065689-00066088": "0.505 minus 0.393, the actual difference", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00156-00066088-00066778": "is 0.112 divided by the standard error of 0.0752.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00157-00066778-00067328": "So on my picture, the actual difference is 0.112.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00158-00067328-00068164": "And when we divide by 0.0752, we get a z-value of 1.49.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00159-00068164-00068605": "So if we've got x is in the top row, z is the bottom row.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00160-00068605-00068749": "Zs also have a mean of 0.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00161-00068749-00069403": "But now, the z-value is 1.49.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00162-00069403-00069892": "That 1.49 is what we want to look up in the table", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00163-00069892-00070108": "to find our p-value.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00164-00070380-00070854": "Looking at our table then, we have 1.49.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00165-00070854-00072088": "So 1.49, that's going to give us an area of 0.4319.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00166-00072088-00072615": "So our area of 0.4319.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00167-00072615-00073098": "But the p-value is the area in the tail,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00168-00073098-00074088": "so we subtract from 0.5 to get 0.0681.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00169-00074088-00075490": "So our p-value is 0.0681, which means the probability--", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00170-00075490-00075739": "or given our sample, I should say--", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00171-00075739-00077378": "given our sample, the probability", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00172-00077378-00079324": "the proportion of teens and adults who order dessert", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00173-00079324-00080098": "is the same as 6.81%.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00174-00080098-00080391": "The probability they both order dessert at the same rate", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00175-00080391-00080583": "is 6.81%.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00176-00080583-00080901": "That's what the p-value means.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00177-00080901-00081241": "We said we wanted our alpha to be 0.10,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00178-00081241-00081495": "which means we will believe the null hypothesis.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00179-00081495-00081735": "We will believe the proportions are equal", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00180-00081735-00082137": "as long as the probability is bigger than 10%.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00181-00082137-00082968": "We got a probability of 6%, so our decision", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00182-00082968-00083384": "is to reject the null hypothesis.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00183-00083712-00084294": "And the reason for that decision is our p-value", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00184-00084294-00084546": "is less than our alpha.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00185-00084546-00085031": "There's a 6.81% chance or a-- let's not do it as a percent--", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00186-00085031-00085677": "a 0.0681 p-value, which is less than the alpha of 0.10,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00187-00085677-00086357": "so we reject the null hypothesis,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00188-00086357-00086542": "and we're ready to make our big conclusion.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00189-00086908-00087193": "The script for the conclusion remains exactly the same", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00190-00087193-00087520": "because we rejected the null hypothesis, got the alternative", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00191-00087520-00087637": "we were looking for.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00192-00087637-00088994": "We will say there is sufficient evidence to conclude,", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00193-00088994-00089453": "and then we will go back and state the alternate hypothesis", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00194-00089453-00089861": "in context, that teens are greater than adults.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00195-00089861-00091658": "The proportion of teens who order dessert is greater", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00196-00091658-00092592": "than the proportion of adults who order dessert.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00197-00093238-00093433": "The conclusion is in context.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00198-00093433-00093940": "It focuses on the alternative hypothesis.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00199-00093940-00094096": "You should feel like what we just", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00200-00094096-00094564": "did was very, very similar to the hypothesis testing", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00201-00094564-00094732": "for a single mean.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00202-00094732-00094915": "The only difference that we had to do", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00203-00094915-00095209": "was we had to find this pooled proportion", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00204-00095209-00095524": "and a new standard error to calculate our test statistic.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00205-00095524-00095806": "But the process of the hypothesis test", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00206-00095806-00096241": "remains the same regardless of what we're testing.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00207-00096241-00096460": "So take a look at practicing some of these.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00208-00096460-00096685": "We're going to do some of this in class.", "jMYZe5ITaoc-00209-00096685-00097038": "We'll look forward to seeing you then."}}, {"audio_id": "jN-VflJPyyI", "text": {"jN-VflJPyyI-00000-00000208-00000624": "hello everyone welcome to another urban bots meeting i'm so excited to share ideas and make", "jN-VflJPyyI-00001-00000624-00001008": "another meeting with success throughout the season we've learned a lot about core values", "jN-VflJPyyI-00002-00001008-00001448": "and no matter how stressful the situation is we continuously have teams thrown through the power", "jN-VflJPyyI-00003-00001448-00001839": "of core values our team members are unified group of students from diverse backgrounds", "jN-VflJPyyI-00004-00001839-00002280": "we value and respect individual identities to maintain a strong unity amongst our group", "jN-VflJPyyI-00005-00002280-00002880": "our team is stronger together than individual members each member thinks differently which helps", "jN-VflJPyyI-00006-00002880-00003488": "us comprehend and solve problems from different views which contributed to our outcome we", "jN-VflJPyyI-00007-00003488-00003984": "integrated different approaches to solve a single problem for example diverse robot attachments for", "jN-VflJPyyI-00008-00003984-00004408": "every mission and collaborating and respectively sharing ideas to solve the last miles along them", "jN-VflJPyyI-00009-00004496-00004856": "we fixed our mistakes and made attempts to figure it out by ourselves however when we", "jN-VflJPyyI-00010-00004856-00005384": "needed guidance we had hope from our coaches and members from FLL love we wanted to express and", "jN-VflJPyyI-00011-00005384-00005768": "communicate without fear through our day-to-day lives initially we only talked to our freshman", "jN-VflJPyyI-00012-00005768-00006096": "team now we talk to everyone with these going forward we realize we have to take small steps", "jN-VflJPyyI-00013-00006096-00006623": "to improve our individual lifestyles making sure that we become better people in the real world we", "jN-VflJPyyI-00014-00006623-00007023": "we use strategies such as time management to help us be efficient we strongly believe in", "jN-VflJPyyI-00015-00007023-00007488": "outreach and family competition we shared our project respectively to other ethanol teams for", "jN-VflJPyyI-00016-00007488-00008095": "their feedback during our experience with the FLL team we each shared our projects and experiences", "jN-VflJPyyI-00017-00008095-00008792": "amongst the team we impacted each other's projects through our our team makes sure to always follow", "jN-VflJPyyI-00018-00008792-00009448": "gracious professionalism by always keeping an eye out on our emotions and always helping the people", "jN-VflJPyyI-00019-00009448-00010112": "around us leisure gracious professionals like by complimenting them complimenting and respecting", "jN-VflJPyyI-00020-00010112-00010736": "the teammates as well as other teams we believe in being role models for our community as well", "jN-VflJPyyI-00021-00010736-00011136": "we learned how to be an effective team we realized teamwork involves communication and", "jN-VflJPyyI-00022-00011136-00011616": "sharing of knowledge and information we shared all our experiences our background research and shared", "jN-VflJPyyI-00023-00011616-00012048": "opinions and all of our ideas and solutions with the whole team all team members made contributions", "jN-VflJPyyI-00024-00012048-00012400": "to help with the solution everyone was recognized for their hard work by their teammates", "jN-VflJPyyI-00025-00012472-00012896": "we kept everyone informed of any new challenges and solutions we were always ready to help out", "jN-VflJPyyI-00026-00012896-00013391": "struggling team members every member of the team was assigned a task based on their skills for our", "jN-VflJPyyI-00027-00013391-00013847": "ambitions we had a lot of fun by doing team building activities and free play time with", "jN-VflJPyyI-00028-00013847-00014152": "the meetings and also had time to do props we got to know each other so much better", "jN-VflJPyyI-00029-00014152-00014512": "we invented and play games to make our sessions more enjoyable throughout the we learned to", "jN-VflJPyyI-00030-00014512-00015032": "express our team identity by having a lot of fun we all discovered something new about ourselves in", "jN-VflJPyyI-00031-00015032-00015632": "the team as well as exploring new ideas and skills after the qualifiers for the robot competition we", "jN-VflJPyyI-00032-00015632-00016176": "got motivated to improve our effort we respected each other's views ideas and opinions we praise", "jN-VflJPyyI-00033-00016176-00016680": "each other sincerely and we saw their conflicts efficiently our team acts and speaks of kindness", "jN-VflJPyyI-00034-00016680-00017136": "so others feel valued especially when times are tough even when we're trying to solve problems we", "jN-VflJPyyI-00035-00017136-00017648": "communicated with compassion and kindness most of all we are a team we work together and we change", "jN-VflJPyyI-00036-00017648-00018168": "the world no matter how hard our lives are we will always stick together great job too we did it"}}, {"audio_id": "jNBTEEUfW50", "text": {"jNBTEEUfW50-00000-00000000-00000200": "SPARK Mall Senayan", "jNBTEEUfW50-00001-00000200-00000400": "DANAU SENTANI Sea Food", "jNBTEEUfW50-00002-00000400-00000600": "Indonesian food"}}, {"audio_id": "jNHXQHVCrkQ", "text": {"jNHXQHVCrkQ-00000-00000413-00000550": "This shop number 312", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00001-00000550-00000684": "Thick cream", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00002-00000684-00000774": "It's very amazing", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00003-00000783-00000935": "It tastes good", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00004-00000935-00001080": "It differs, you can make out", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00005-00001080-00001350": "3 small, 2 small, 2 large", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00006-00001362-00001510": "OMG", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00007-00002083-00002483": "Rajasthan, land of colors, and Jaipur is its heart", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00008-00002500-00003231": "In Jaipur's every nook and corner you'll find a taste that's being served to the people, absolutely unaltered", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00009-00003274-00004219": "Today through my video, I'll be bringing you one such taste, and they've been serving Lassi since 1944 to the Jaipurites", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00010-00004228-00004912": "And yes, their Lassi tastes the same in 2022 as it used to taste in 1944", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00011-00004920-00005476": "So please come with me to taste the Lassi of Jaipur's famous Lassiwala", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00012-00005516-00005992": "I'm going to MI Road where I'll be tasting Lassi of the iconic Lassiwala", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00013-00006031-00006231": "He's popularly known as Lassi King", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00014-00006255-00006799": "Do you know Lassiwala on MI Road  is one of the oldest and signature things of the Pink City", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00015-00006817-00007375": "As you're seeing, there is traffic jam here, people have come in large numbers to drink Lassi", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00016-00007409-00007947": "I was wondering where to park my car, hardly any space", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00017-00007991-00008370": "it appears the entire Jaipur has come today to drink their Lassi", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00018-00008412-00008910": "And this happens everyday, today's overcrowding wasn't an exception", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00019-00008947-00009612": "This shop bearing number 312 is the original Lassiwala", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00020-00009649-00010170": "The neighboring shops are also Lassiwala shops but they are copy of the original", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00021-00010207-00010907": "So please remember this shop number 312, he's the original", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00022-00011245-00011491": "Now I have with me Mr. Karan, let's talk to him", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00023-00011512-00011817": "Please tell me how many varieties of Lassi do you serve?", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00024-00011879-00012434": "We serve Sweet Lassi, Salted Lassi, Lassi without sugar and Sugar Free Lassi", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00025-00012443-00012976": "Then we have two sizes, small and large. Small is for Rs. 35/- and large is for Rs. 70/-", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00026-00012988-00013266": "Is this is original Lassiwala?", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00027-00013266-00013772": "This is the original Lassiwala. My grandfather started this shop, I'm 4th generation, he's 3rd generation", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00028-00013772-00014010": "So you're 4th generation", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00029-00014010-00014112": "He's your father?", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00030-00014112-00014180": "Yes", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00031-00014191-00014620": "All are copying your Lassi. What's so special in your Lassi?", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00032-00014620-00014972": "No one can copy the original taste that we serve", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00033-00014972-00015245": "We prepare curd at the right temperature", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00034-00015251-00015667": "These people purchase curd from outside and so not that good", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00035-00015692-00016192": "Do you any other outlet in Jaipur?", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00036-00016200-00016400": "This is the only one", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00037-00016436-00016500": "Did you hear all this?", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00038-00016529-00017126": "The taste of this Lassiwala has held its customers since 1944", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00039-00017163-00017488": "Everyone was very busy here", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00040-00017494-00017860": "Lassi was getting prepared instantly, then poured into glasses, then on top...", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00041-00017899-00018545": "a thick layer of cream was added. This cream was enhancing the taste of their Lassi", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00042-00018584-00018832": "Fresh Lassi was getting prepared...", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00043-00018832-00018999": "Fresh curd was being brought by staff", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00044-00019009-00019200": "Lassi was getting served in Kulhad (clay glass)", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00045-00019200-00019923": "And it was very hot the day I went for the shoot, it was getting very difficult to stand outside the shop", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00046-00019923-00020321": "Still people were standing in a queue to drink this chilled Lassi", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00047-00020424-00020555": "After 2 its 2 or 3", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00048-00020611-00020730": "Give my 2 small", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00049-00020740-00020821": "2 small", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00050-00020830-00020968": "1 big and 2 small", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00051-00020978-00021064": "Take your 2 large", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00052-00021676-00022166": "As it's popularly called in Punjabi, nothing but my Lassi", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00053-00022200-00022509": "For how long you've been coming here for Lassi?", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00054-00022551-00022689": "For the last 20-25 years", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00055-00022689-00023170": "What special do you find in their Lassi that you don't find in other...", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00056-00023170-00023341": "Their taste is amazing", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00057-00023341-00023449": "And it's the same", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00058-00023449-00023895": "So it's tasting the same as it used to  25 years ago", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00059-00023906-00024000": "That's great", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00060-00024000-00024267": "How many times do you come in a month?", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00061-00024267-00024536": "Every Sunday", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00062-00024563-00024794": "For how many years you've been having Lassi here?", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00063-00024794-00024980": "Since my childhood", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00064-00024980-00025063": "Since your childhood?", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00065-00025063-00025132": "Yes", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00066-00025140-00025293": "Okay, so you're from Jaipur?", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00067-00025293-00025399": "Yes", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00068-00025407-00025800": "What's so special that you only come here. Lassi is available everywhere", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00069-00025838-00026331": "Correct. Firstly their glass is very special", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00070-00026368-00026902": "Secondly their preparation is pure and fresh", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00071-00026913-00027363": "My child also loves their taste", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00072-00027375-00027575": "I like their taste", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00073-00027609-00027754": "Yes Miss Masha", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00074-00027754-00028648": "Their Lassi is very nice. I'm actually from Jaipur only, so I know it's really popular and people from all over come here to drink this up. Really wonderful", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00075-00028656-00028930": "For how long you've been coming here?", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00076-00028930-00029262": "I'm from Jaipur so I keep coming here", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00077-00029262-00029639": "What's the difference between their Lassi and Lassi elsewhere", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00078-00029678-00030520": "It's their flavor. They're here for quite sometime and built a goodwill. If you taste at any other place, you get to know, it differs", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00079-00030527-00030711": "3 small", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00080-00030717-00030828": "2 small", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00081-00030900-00031055": "1 large", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00082-00031560-00031934": "Now I'll tell you how the Lassi tastes here", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00083-00031934-00032426": "Take a look at this thick layer of cream on this Lassi", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00084-00032467-00032989": "I guess this is their specialty", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00085-00033538-00033780": "Cream is really very thick and tasty", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00086-00033832-00034180": "I've taken Sweet Lassi. They have Salted and Sugar Free too", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00087-00034754-00035486": "Truly, if Lassi is getting sold here since 1944 and people kind of attracted to it, it ain't without a reason", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00088-00035515-00035899": "That reason is that this Lassi taste amazing", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00089-00036640-00036820": "So guys this was my today's vlog", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00090-00036820-00037664": "I brought the taste of Lassi of the Original Lassiwala to you, through my video", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00091-00037697-00037937": "I hope you must have liked this video", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00092-00037937-00038546": "I'll be coming up with something new and interesting next week, will explore Jaipur a bit more", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00093-00038554-00038874": "Till then stay safe and keep asking your llfe", "jNHXQHVCrkQ-00094-00038885-00039034": "\"OKAY! NOW WHAT?\""}}, {"audio_id": "jNNBDnbxj_I", "text": {"jNNBDnbxj_I-00000-00000000-00000980": "SCP-617 \"Pet Rocks\" Object class: Euclid", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00001-00001134-00001407": "Item #: SCP-617", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00002-00001407-00001588": "Object Class: Euclid", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00003-00001588-00002113": "Special Containment Procedures: SCP-617 is to be kept in a soundproof container at all", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00004-00002113-00002213": "times.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00005-00002213-00002790": "When in storage, SCP-617 must be kept in its soundproof containment cell and its \"mouth\"", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00006-00002790-00003386": "kept zipped at all times except for experiments and scheduled feeding periods.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00007-00003386-00003900": "All personnel entering SCP-617's containment area must wear hearing protection devices", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00008-00003900-00004135": "as a precautionary measure.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00009-00004135-00004655": "SCP-617 cannot be taken from its containment cell without approval from a level 4 researcher,", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00010-00004655-00005028": "and must always be kept within its secure container when being moved.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00011-00005028-00005701": "In the event of a containment breach, SCP-617 must be retrieved by personnel with proper", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00012-00005701-00005914": "hearing protection.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00013-00005914-00006423": "The entire sector must be locked down and all personnel thoroughly searched until SCP-617", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00014-00006423-00006612": "is contained.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00015-00006612-00007250": "Description: SCP-617 has the appearance of a large granite rock, except that it possesses", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00016-00007250-00007554": "a zipper in its side that is fully operational.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00017-00007554-00008105": "When unzipped, SCP-617 is shown to possess a mouth with teeth that appear similar in", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00018-00008105-00008381": "appearance and construction to human teeth.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00019-00008381-00009006": "X-Ray and MRI scans of SCP-617 appear to be unable to penetrate its stone exterior.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00020-00009006-00009520": "Similar tests to try and probe SCP-617's internal systems have likewise proven inconclusive.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00021-00009520-00010167": "SCP-617's mouth is fully functional, and can vocalize sounds as well as be used to consume", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00022-00010167-00010267": "food.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00023-00010267-00010994": "SCP-617 is also capable of limited movement, being able to roll around under its own power.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00024-00010994-00011507": "However, SCP-617's most disturbing aspects are its parasitical tendencies as well as", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00025-00011507-00011820": "its ability to influence human behavior.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00026-00011820-00012377": "In addition to being able to speak, SCP-617 can generate a low frequency sound that allows", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00027-00012377-00012756": "it to exert subliminal control over any human that hears it.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00028-00012756-00013315": "Humans affected by SCP-617 will become emotionally attached to it; treating it as a pet and actively", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00029-00013315-00013588": "caring for it to the best of their ability.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00030-00013588-00014215": "As long as they are affected by SCP-617, victims will make SCP-617's care a priority, giving", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00031-00014215-00014740": "it a home, protecting it from danger, and most importantly, making sure it is well fed.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00032-00014740-00015356": "SCP-617 has an active digestive system, and sustains itself on a diet primarily consisting", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00033-00015356-00015462": "of fresh meat.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00034-00015462-00016153": "Since it is unable to obtain food on its own, SCP-617 persuades its \"owner\" to gather food.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00035-00016153-00016527": "The owner will then resort to any means to feed SCP-617.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00036-00016527-00016892": "Recorded instances have shown that owners are willing to slaughter livestock and other", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00037-00016892-00017393": "pets to feed SCP-617, and will even resort to murdering other human beings.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00038-00017393-00017923": "In times of desperation, it is not uncommon for the owner to feed parts of themselves", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00039-00017923-00018145": "to SCP-617.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00040-00018145-00018537": "The violent and unpredictable behavior exhibited by owners while obtaining food is believed", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00041-00018537-00019081": "to be a side effect of SCP-617's subliminal manipulation, which directly affects areas", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00042-00019081-00019454": "of the brain believed responsible for rational thought.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00043-00019454-00020054": "On some occasions, SCP-617 will actually begin to devour its owner while they are asleep.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00044-00020054-00020512": "The owner will either not notice the attack or simply show no alarm when it is discovered,", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00045-00020512-00021025": "continuing to care for SCP-617 as if this behavior were perfectly normal.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00046-00021025-00021540": "However, once the owner is separated from the low frequency sound SCP-617 produces,", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00047-00021540-00021946": "they will eventually begin to recover from its effects, though victims are still vulnerable", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00048-00021946-00022409": "to relapse if exposed to SCP-617 again.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00049-00022409-00022895": "Further research has shown that zipping up SCP-617 completely neutralizes its ability", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00050-00022895-00023056": "to produce any sound.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00051-00023056-00023495": "However, it still requires feeding and is still capable of limited movement, being able", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00052-00023495-00023718": "to slowly roll itself along even ground.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00053-00023718-00024326": "SCP-617 is also sapient, possessing average intelligence and capable of human speech.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00054-00024326-00024918": "However, in all attempts to communicate, SCP-617 is incapable or unwilling to discuss anything", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00055-00024918-00025081": "further than basic conversation.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00056-00025081-00025664": "It will, however, state its desire to feed and attempt to persuade any individuals within", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00057-00025664-00025823": "earshot to care for it.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00058-00025823-00026308": "As such, a standard IQ test is impossible to carry out.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00059-00026308-00026786": "The Foundation was made aware of SCP-617's existence after a series of serial murders", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00060-00026786-00027269": "began exhibiting a pattern to the effect that all of the victims were partially devoured.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00061-00027269-00027839": "The Foundation involved itself in the investigation and managed to track the suspect, █████████ ██████ to", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00062-00027839-00027964": "his home.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00063-00027964-00028645": "During the operation (see After Action Report 617), SCP-617's persuasive powers were discovered", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00064-00028645-00028906": "and it was successfully contained.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00065-00028906-00029497": "After Action Report 617: Agent ████ was sent to apprehend █████████ ██████ for", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00066-00029497-00029689": "possible SCP possession.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00067-00029689-00029958": "However, all contact was lost.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00068-00029958-00030294": "A Foundation armed response team was sent to investigate.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00069-00030294-00030841": "They discovered that Agent ████ had become hostile and initiated a confrontation.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00070-00030841-00031431": "Both Agent ████ and █████████ ██████ were killed in the ensuing gunfight, with the response", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00071-00031431-00031677": "team suffering three wounded.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00072-00031677-00032137": "At this point, a psychic or memetic factor was suspected and the response team was ordered", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00073-00032137-00032441": "to stay back and form a defensive perimeter.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00074-00032441-00032902": "Remote probing of the area revealed an anomalous, low frequency sound being generated.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00075-00032902-00033375": "D-Class personnel with hearing protection were able to recover SCP-617 and successfully", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00076-00033375-00033494": "contain it.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00077-00033494-00034041": "Forensic analysis of █████████ ██████'s home revealed that he had been in possession", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00078-00034041-00034250": "of SCP-617 for at least six months.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00079-00034250-00034800": "During that period, he had systematically fed his entire collection of pets to SCP-617,", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00080-00034800-00035141": "slowly cutting them apart while they were still alive.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00081-00035141-00035633": "When he had run out of pets, █████████ ██████ moved on to humans, starting the string of serial", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00082-00035633-00035895": "murders that were initially investigated.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00083-00035895-00036396": "An autopsy revealed a number of human bite marks on his body, with two fingers, six toes,", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00084-00036396-00036663": "and roughly six ounces of flesh missing.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00085-00036663-00037222": "Dental analysis showed that the bite marks were a perfect match for the SCP-617's teeth.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00086-00037222-00037672": "Autopsies of the murder victims corroborated SCP-617's capabilities.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00087-00037672-00038256": "At this time, it is unknown how long SCP-617 has existed or whether there are more instances", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00088-00038256-00038386": "of it.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00089-00038386-00038883": "There must be an expanded emphasis on analyzing serial murder cases that involve cannibalization", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00090-00038883-00039265": "of corpses, as well as similar sociopathic behaviors.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00091-00039265-00039910": "Addendum 1: Since the acquisition of SCP-617, two more instances of it were discovered and", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00092-00039910-00040010": "contained.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00093-00040010-00040883": "The Foundation now has SCP-617-1, SCP-617-2, and SCP-617-3 in containment.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00094-00040883-00041435": "All three SCPs have been put in the same cell in order to observe patterns such as reproduction,", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00095-00041435-00041626": "communication, and competition.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00096-00041626-00042011": "Administrative Note In light of recent events, all testing with", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00097-00042011-00042536": "SCP-617 is restricted to human test subjects and non-sapient lifeforms only.", "jNNBDnbxj_I-00098-00042536-00042608": "-O5-█"}}, {"audio_id": "jpiEbBDQeBc", "text": {"jpiEbBDQeBc-00000-00000172-00000412": "Waiting for Uber.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00001-00000412-00000596": "The road to the airport.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00002-00000596-00000816": "Arrived at the airport.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00003-00001324-00001639": "Departure 6:30 am.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00004-00001639-00001904": "I photographed the photo in time lapse.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00005-00001904-00002288": "The plane is running on the runway.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00006-00002304-00002808": "The plane will take off soon.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00007-00003704-00003936": "I bought a sandwich before flying.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00008-00004042-00004202": "The crew gave me tomato juice.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00009-00004202-00004450": "Arrive the New York. New York is three hours faster than Las Vegas.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00010-00004450-00004690": "Air travel time 5 hours./New York time arrives at 14:17.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00011-00004690-00005014": "The atmosphere is very different.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00012-00005014-00005332": "New York is sub-zero weather.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00013-00005332-00005538": "This walk is the place I saw in the movie.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00014-00005538-00005656": "This is the American East feeling.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00015-00005688-00005940": "On my way to get a booked tourist ticket.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00016-00005940-00006278": "The place seems to be musical 'Kinki boots' theater.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00017-00006278-00006552": "I could see many theater.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00018-00006552-00006994": "This is the Time Square in United States. Not Korea.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00019-00007218-00007473": "Beginner shooting.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00020-00007473-00007754": "It is not Myeongdong of Korea.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00021-00007852-00008042": "I will eat the street hot dog later.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00022-00008092-00008370": "I got a ticket. And the way back to the hotel.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00023-00008370-00008508": "I am going to see the 'Kinki boots'.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00024-00008508-00008706": "I ate a 'shake shack burger'.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00025-00008706-00008848": "Delicious French fries, lots of people.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00026-00008848-00009208": "The way back to the hotel.", "jpiEbBDQeBc-00027-00009208-00009840": "I took a picture at Time Square."}}, {"audio_id": "jpqPVJgNEm4", "text": {"jpqPVJgNEm4-00000-00001960-00002660": "In our last lecture, we have defined power method for calculating eigen vector associated", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00001-00002926-00003626": "with dominant eigen value; then, if the matrix is invertible and if the eigen value which", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00002-00004116-00004816": "has got lowest modulus - so, if modulus of lambda n is strictly less than modulus of", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00003-00005030-00005730": "the remaining eigen values, then we can apply power method to the inverse and then obtain", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00004-00005878-00006578": "approximation to eigen vector associated with the least eigen value.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00005-00006609-00007309": "Thus, we can approximate the eigen vector associated with the largest eigen value in", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00006-00007426-00008126": "modulus or the least eigen value in modulus. Now, what about some intermediate eigen value?", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00007-00008465-00009165": "For that, we need to have some approximation to say lth eigen value and then we can extend", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00008-00009403-00009985": "our power method; that is known as inverse power method, which we are going to consider", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00009-00009985-00010685": "today; after defining inverse power method we are going to consider what is known as", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00010-00010857-00011535": "q r decomposition of a matrix. We have considered various decompositions", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00011-00011535-00012235": "of matrix - l u decomposition, then Cholesky decomposition and today we are going to consider", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00012-00012404-00013104": "decomposition of a into q into r, where q is going to be orthogonal matrix and r is", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00013-00013240-00013940": "going to be upper triangular matrix. Once we consider this q r decomposition we", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00014-00013947-00014647": "can define q r method for finding eigen values of matrix. Then, we are going to consider", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00015-00014949-00015649": "relation between q r decomposition of matrix and Gram-Schmidt Orthonormalization process", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00016-00015750-00016333": "of the column vector. So, this is roughly the plan of today's lecture.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00017-00016333-00016892": "Let us look at the power method - recall it.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00018-00016892-00017592": "Our A is n by n matrix; our assumption is that eigen vectors u 1, u 2 and u n form a", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00019-00017747-00018447": "basis for c n. Eigen values lambda j (s) are arranged in", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00020-00018554-00019254": "this manner and assumption is mod lambda 1 bigger than mod lambda 2 bigger than or equal", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00021-00019285-00019985": "to mod lambda n; these are our assumptions. Not all matrices will have a basis of eigen", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00022-00020184-00020884": "vectors, but then we have seen that if the matrix is normal then there is a basis of", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00023-00020955-00021655": "eigen vectors; if our matrix A has n distinct eigen value, even then it has a basis of eigen", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00024-00021801-00022501": "vectors. So, this restriction of eigen vectors forming a basis is not too restrictive - there", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00025-00022603-00023001": "is big class of matrices for which it will be satisfied.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00026-00023001-00023701": "Thus our assumption is A should have a basis of eigen vectors and then it should have a", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00027-00023937-00024589": "dominant eigen value; that means, modulus of lambda 1 bigger than mod lambda 2 bigger", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00028-00024589-00025007": "than or equal to mod lambda 3 bigger than or equal to mod lambda n.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00029-00025007-00025602": "Afterwards we can have greater than or equal to; but, the eigen value which is biggest", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00030-00025602-00026302": "in modulus should be a simple eigen value and it should be strictly bigger than moduli", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00031-00026408-00027102": "of the remaining eigen values. Then, we start with a non-zero vector; now,", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00032-00027102-00027769": "this non-zero vector can be expressed as a linear combination of u 1, u 2 and u n because", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00033-00027769-00028469": "u 1, u 2 and u n form a basis. Then, we assume that our z - the vector arbitrary", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00034-00028725-00029282": "vector, which we are choosing, its component in the direction of u 1 is not equal to 0;", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00035-00029282-00029594": "so, alpha 1 is not equal to 0.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00036-00029594-00030294": "With these assumptions and lambda 1 to be bigger than 0 - that means, lambda 1 is real", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00037-00030589-00031289": "and positive. So, we formed A raised to k z divided by norm of A raised to k z.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00038-00031452-00032152": "Under these assumptions, A raised to k z upon norm of A raised to k z converges to alpha", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00039-00032283-00032984": "1 u 1 by norm of alpha 1 u 1. This is going to be unit eigen vector associated", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00040-00033222-00033922": "with eigen value lambda 1; it is easy to calculate these iterates - you start with a arbitrary", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00041-00034247-00034947": "vector z not equal to 0; find these iterates - if your matrix a is a sparse matrix, that", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00042-00035040-00035740": "means a lot of zeroes; then, this will not be computationally too expensive and this", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00043-00035765-00036465": "is going to converge to a unit eigen vector corresponding to the eigen value lambda 1;", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00044-00036533-00037222": "this is the power method. Now, we want to look at extension of this", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00045-00037222-00037866": "method, which will allow us to find eigen vector associated with intermediate eigen", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00046-00037866-00037955": "value.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00047-00037955-00038655": "Again, our assumption is that A has n linearly independent eigen vectors - A u j is equal", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00048-00038713-00039413": "to lambda j u j, j is equal to 1 to up to n and mu is given to be an approximation to", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00049-00039561-00040207": "lambda l; some lth eigen value in between - it need not be the largest eigen value or", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00050-00040207-00040887": "the least eigen value in modulus. Since mu is approximation to lambda l its", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00051-00040887-00041587": "distance from lambda l is going to be smaller than distance of mu from the remaining eigen", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00052-00041752-00042452": "values. So, mod mu minus lambda l is less than mod of mu minus lambda j, j not equal", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00053-00042565-00043186": "to l; now, our eigen values - these are roots of characteristic polynomial.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00054-00043186-00043886": "Now, for the characteristic polynomial we can find an interval in which our eigen value", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00055-00044033-00044733": "lies; for example, we had considered bisection method - we have got a polynomial, you find", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00056-00045182-00045882": "two numbers or two real numbers where the polynomial has opposite sign; that interval", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00057-00046146-00046846": "is going to contain a root of the polynomial; so, you go on subdividing it getting a smaller", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00058-00046941-00047641": "and smaller interval. So, in such a manner or by some other method we can have an approximation", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00059-00047852-00048483": "to eigen value lambda l. Starting point of our inverse power method", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00060-00048483-00049183": "is - your given mu an approximation to lth eigen value, and our aim is to find approximation", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00061-00049609-00050169": "to an eigen vector corresponding to this lth eigen value lambda l.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00062-00050169-00050869": "So, we have A u j is equal to lambda j u j - j is equal to 1 to up to n, mu being an", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00063-00050971-00051604": "approximation to lambda l, modulus of mu minus lambda l is less than modulus of mu minus", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00064-00051604-00052180": "lambda j, j not equal to l. Now, from here A u j is equal to lambda j", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00065-00052180-00052880": "u j gives us A minus mu i u j is equal to lambda j minus mu u j; assume that mu is not", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00066-00053297-00053677": "equal to lambda l; that means, it is not an eigen value.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00067-00053677-00054377": "So, A minus mu i will be invertible and then from this relation we obtain A minus mu i", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00068-00054454-00055154": "inverse u j to be equal to 1 upon lambda j minus mu u j.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00069-00055156-00055845": "I apply A minus mu i throughout - A minus mu i inverse throughout; left hand side will", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00070-00055845-00056545": "be u j is equal to lambda j minus mu A minus mu i inverse u j and take lambda j minus mu", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00071-00056623-00057163": "on the other side. Now, look at this - we have got modulus of", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00072-00057163-00057787": "mu minus lambda l to be less than modulus of mu minus lambda j, j not equal to l; if", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00073-00057787-00058487": "I take the reciprocal 1 upon mod of mu minus lambda l will be strictly bigger than 1 upon", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00074-00058562-00059262": "modulus of mu minus lambda j, j not equal to l, which will mean that 1 upon lambda l", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00075-00059629-00060329": "minus mu this is going to be a dominant eigen value of matrix A minus mu i inverse.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00076-00060611-00061311": "The idea now, is to apply our power method to this A minus mu i inverse; in power method,", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00077-00061811-00062511": "we need dominant eigen value; now, our A minus mu i inverse has dominant eignen value - 1", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00078-00062569-00063269": "upon lambda l minus mu. So, modulus of 1 upon lambda l minus mu is", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00079-00063394-00064041": "strictly bigger than 1 upon modulus of lambda j minus mu.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00080-00064041-00064741": "Here are our iterates - choose z not equal to 0 vector, an arbitrarily vector define", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00081-00065044-00065744": "z 0 to be equal to z upon norm z and then z k - the kth iterate, will be A minus mu", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00082-00066001-00066701": "i inverse z k minus 1 divided by its norm. It is exactly the power method, which is applied", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00083-00067145-00067845": "to the matrix A minus mu i inverse; then, this z k is going to converge to, say, vector", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00084-00068038-00068738": "w; this vector w will be eigen vector associated with matrix A minus mu i inverse and 1 upon", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00085-00069441-00070141": "lambda l minus mu being the eigen value. Now, what we are interested in is eigen values", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00086-00070192-00070892": "of matrix A and associated eigen vectors. We have obtained approximation to an eigen", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00087-00071086-00071786": "vector w or we have obtained - yeah -approximation to an eigen vector w, which is eigen vector", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00088-00072123-00072823": "of a minus mu i inverse. But, this w is also going to be eigen vector of a associated with", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00089-00073314-00073608": "eigen value lambda l.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00090-00073608-00074292": "A minus mu i inverse w is equal to 1 upon lambda l minus w; that will mean that A minus", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00091-00074292-00074992": "mu i w is equal to lambda l minus mu into w; this mu w will get cancelled and then you", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00092-00075066-00075766": "are left with A w is equal to lambda l w. So, w is eigen vector associated with lambda", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00093-00075898-00076598": "l. Thus, when we define the iterates in the inverse power method they involve matrix A", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00094-00077117-00077817": "minus mu i inverse. You get an approximation and you get the limiting vector as w; this", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00095-00077979-00078679": "w is going to be eigen vector of a associated with eigen value lambda l.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00096-00079045-00079722": "If lambda 1 is the dominant eigen value - power method - in that case, we obtained eigen vector", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00097-00079722-00080422": "associated with lambda 1; when you apply power method to matrix a inverse we obtained approximation", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00098-00080738-00081438": "to eigen vector associated with lambda l. If mu - an approximation to eigen value lambda", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00099-00081573-00082273": "l is available, then we obtain approximation to eigen vector associated with lambda l,", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00100-00082508-00083149": "where lambda l can be - it is an intermediate eigen value. You need to have approximation", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00101-00083149-00083687": "mu available. Here, there can be some problem or we want", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00102-00083687-00084387": "to see whether they is going to be a problem; what is the problem? We are saying that mu", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00103-00084461-00085161": "is going to be an approximation to lambda l; lambda l is eigen value, so, our a minus", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00104-00085536-00086236": "lambda l into i is not an invertible matrix; now, when you are going to have mu to be a", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00105-00086395-00087095": "better and better approximation to your eigen value lambda l, a minus mu i inverse can be", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00106-00087158-00087713": "ill conditioned. Then whether this is going to pose a problem", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00107-00087713-00088131": "- now we will see that it does not matter in this particular case.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00108-00088131-00088831": "We have, in the inverse power method, we need to find z k to be equal to A minus mu i inverse", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00109-00088983-00089604": "z k minus 1 divided by norm of A minus mu i inverse z k minus 1.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00110-00089604-00090204": "Now, we are not going to calculate A minus mu i inverse. So, this A minus mu i inverse", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00111-00090204-00090904": "z k minus 1 will be obtained by solving a system of linear equations A minus mu i r", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00112-00091264-00091936": "k minus 1 is equal to z k minus 1 we want to calculate this. So, i am denoting it by", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00113-00091936-00092468": "r k minus 1. Now, this r k minus 1 is going to be the solution", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00114-00092468-00093168": "of the system A minus mu i r k minus 1 is equal to z k minus 1; z k minus 1 is known,", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00115-00093373-00094073": "it is coming from the iterations step. So, we need to calculate this r k minus 1 and", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00116-00094225-00094682": "then divide by its norm so that you get the next iterate.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00117-00094682-00095382": "What I was saying - whether we are going to have some problem about the stability.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00118-00095426-00096126": "Here, if A is an invertible matrix and lambda and mu are eigen values of A, then modulus", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00119-00096291-00096923": "of lambda is less than or equal to norm of a; it follows from our basic inequality.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00120-00096923-00097623": "You have got - suppose you have A x is equal to lambda x, x not equal to 0 vector; then,", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00121-00097989-00098689": "take norm of both the sides . So, norm of A x is equal to norm of lambda x; this will", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00122-00098944-00099597": "be modulus of lambda times norm x by property of norm.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00123-00099597-00100297": "Hence, mod lambda will be equal to norm A x divided by norm x and this will be less", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00124-00100708-00101408": "than or equal to norm of A, where norm of A is maximum of norm A z divided by norm z;", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00125-00101775-00102475": "z not equal to 0 vector. Thus, we have got mod lambda to be less than", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00126-00102522-00103222": "or equal to norm of A; if you consider A y is equal to mu y - another vector, another", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00127-00103738-00104438": "eigen value mu and associated eigen vector. If A is invertible, A inverse y will be equal", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00128-00104727-00105427": "to 1 upon mu times y; hence, again using similar inequality you get modulus of 1 by mu to be", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00129-00106084-00106750": "less than or equal to norm A inverse. So, the condition number norm A into norm", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00130-00106750-00107405": "A inverse will be bigger than or equal to mod lambda by mod mu, where lambda and mu", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00131-00107405-00108105": "are any eigen values of matrix A. Here we have A is invertible matrix, lambda", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00132-00108508-00109138": "and mu are eigen values of A, mod lambda to be less than or equal to norm A, 1 upon mu", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00133-00109138-00109576": "- mod mu - will be less than or equal to norm of A inverse.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00134-00109576-00110276": "Take the quotient; this is the condition number of matrix A it is bigger than or equal to", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00135-00110366-00111066": "this and if your eigen values are arranged in descending order of modulus, then we have", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00136-00111292-00111913": "mod lambda 1 mod lambda n less than or equal to norm A into norm A inverse.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00137-00111913-00112613": "Let us go back to our A minus mu i inverse; mu is approximation to lambda l. So, norm", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00138-00112622-00113254": "of A minus mu i inverse is going to be bigger than or equal to 1 upon modulus of mu minus", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00139-00113254-00113954": "lambda l; if mu is approximation to lambda - a good approximation - good approximation", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00140-00113995-00114695": "will mean that denominator is small; that means, 1 upon mod mu minus lambda l will be", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00141-00114763-00115375": "big and then your matrix A minus mu i is going to be ill conditioned.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00142-00115375-00116075": "Now, we have considered the perturbation theory; in the perturbation theory, if your matrix", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00143-00116171-00116871": "a is ill conditioned - that means, if norm a into norm a inverse is big, then the solution", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00144-00117230-00117824": "is sensitive to the perturbation in the right hand side.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00145-00117824-00118524": "We had looked at a x is equal to b, perturb b is slightly; consider the nearby system", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00146-00118663-00119325": "a of x plus delta x is equal to b plus delta b, then even though norm delta b by norm b", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00147-00119325-00119819": "is small norm delta x by norm x can be big.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00148-00119819-00120519": "In fact, we had proved this inequality - norm delta x by norm x is less than or equal to", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00149-00120713-00121284": "norm A into norm A inverse into norm delta b by norm b.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00150-00121284-00121984": "This can be small, but if you are multiplying by a big number then norm delta x by norm", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00151-00122323-00123023": "x which is the relative error in the computed solution; x is the exact solution, because", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00152-00123195-00123895": "of finite precision instead of b it is going to be b plus delta b; so, x plus delta x will", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00153-00123975-00124490": "be computed solution. The relative error in the computed solution", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00154-00124490-00125190": "will be norm delta x by norm x; this can be big even though norm delta b by norm b is", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00155-00125294-00125779": "small. Now, this situation is going occur in our", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00156-00125779-00126479": "case we are calculating our z k; the kth iterate was given by a minus mu i inverse z k minus", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00157-00126772-00127472": "1 - the earlier iterate divided by its norm. So, we need to calculate a minus mu i inverse", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00158-00127532-00128051": "z k minus 1, which we denoted it by r k minus 1.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00159-00128051-00128751": "That means, we need to solve a minus mu i r k minus 1 is equal to z k minus 1; now,", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00160-00128960-00129660": "this a minus mu i will be ill conditioned and hence our solution, r k minus 1, will", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00161-00129909-00130574": "be sensitive to the perturbation. This is what in general - at each stage we will be", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00162-00130574-00130988": "solving a minus mu i r is equal to q.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00163-00130988-00131688": "Now, in practice instead of this you are going to solve A minus mu i r cap is equal to q", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00164-00131864-00132564": "cap, where q cap is the near by vector. Even though norm of q minus q cap divided", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00165-00132600-00133300": "by norm q - even though this is small, because A minus mu i inverse has a big norm, norm", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00166-00133602-00134302": "of r minus r cap by norm r can be big. This is something we need to worry about, because", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00167-00134474-00135174": "as such when we talk about the approximation mu should be available to lambda l.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00168-00135315-00136015": "Then the better the approximation our task should be simplified; it should not face such", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00169-00136219-00136919": "difficulty that when you have better and better approximation of mu to lambda l available", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00170-00137089-00137775": "then your problem becomes more and more ill conditioned.; then, the relative error in", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00171-00137775-00138475": "the computed solution becomes bigger and bigger. In this particular application, it does not", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00172-00138555-00139255": "matter because we are not interested in the computed solution, but we are interested in", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00173-00139514-00140214": "direction; we are trying to find an eigen vector; what is important is the eigen direction.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00174-00140646-00141346": "Let me make it more specific - suppose our q the - right hand side q - we are looking", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00175-00141794-00142494": "at q to be a minus mu i r is equal to q and this is the... Instead, we are going to solve", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00176-00142608-00143308": "this - our A has a basis of eigen vectors u 1, u 2 and u n; hence, our q will be c 1", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00177-00143766-00144242": "u 1 plus c two u two plus c n u n - a linear combination.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00178-00144242-00144942": "Q cap, which is nearby vector will also have a linear combination c 1 cap u 1 plus c two", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00179-00145169-00145869": "cap u two plus c n cap u n; r is A minus mu i inverse q; A minus mu i inverse u 1 is going", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00180-00146092-00146792": "to be c 1 upon lambda 1 minus mu u 1 plus c l upon lambda l minus mu u l plus c n upon", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00181-00146858-00147558": "lambda n minus mu u n; here, for r cap you are going to have c 1 cap upon lambda 1 minus", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00182-00147602-00148302": "mu u 1 etcetera. q n q cap are near. The distance between c", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00183-00148387-00149087": "1 and c 1 cap c 2 and c 2 cap that is going to be small, when you look at r minus r cap", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00184-00149100-00149764": "look at this component, here you have c l upon lambda l minus mu into u l; here you", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00185-00149764-00150464": "have c l cap upon lambda l minus mu u l. So, c l minus c l cap is small, but you are multiplying", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00186-00150670-00151053": "by big number - 1 upon lambda l minus mu.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00187-00151053-00151753": "So, our r is approximately equal to c l upon lambda l minus mu u l, because that is going", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00188-00151770-00152470": "to be the significant part - r cap will be c l cap upon lambda l minus mu u l. Norm of", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00189-00152647-00153347": "r minus r cap will be approximately equal to modulus of c l minus c l cap upon mod lambda", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00190-00153466-00154166": "l minus mu. Now, this can be big, but we are not interested", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00191-00154207-00154907": "in what r cap is we are interested only in the eigen vector that is the direction. So,", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00192-00155065-00155765": "even when you calculate r cap then what we do is you normalize it.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00193-00156082-00156782": "The exact solution is r; then, you consider r upon norm r, because when you are applying", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00194-00157066-00157766": "inverse power method you calculate a minus mu i inverse z k minus 1 and divide by its", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00195-00157842-00158542": "norm; so, a minus mu i inverse z k minus 1 is r k minus one - you are dividing by its", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00196-00158633-00159333": "norm; instead of r k minus 1 you are going to have some r cap k minus one, where if you", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00197-00159678-00160378": "consider the values they may differ, but for both r k minus 1 and r cap k minus 1 significant", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00198-00161045-00161555": "part is going to be in the direction of u l.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00199-00161555-00162255": "We are dividing by norm then the numerical values - they do not really matter; what is", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00200-00162348-00163048": "happening is the direction for both the exact solution and the computed solution.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00201-00163327-00164027": "The component in the direction of u l becomes significant and that is why there is no contradiction", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00202-00164420-00165120": "in our method; that when you have better and better approximation to lambda l that will", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00203-00165392-00166092": "give us faster convergence to eigen vector corresponding to eigen value lambda l.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00204-00166341-00167041": "So far we have been talking about approximation to eigen vector; in the power method we had", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00205-00167190-00167890": "approximation to the eigen vector associated with lambda 1; when you applied it to an inverse", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00206-00168065-00168765": "it is eigen vector associated with lambda n and in the inverse power method it is eigen", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00207-00168869-00169280": "vector associated with eigen value lambda l.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00208-00169280-00169980": "I have obtained an approximation to eigen vector; now, what about eigen value? When", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00209-00170124-00170824": "we talked about exact eigen value and exact eigen vector we said that if I know eigen", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00210-00170899-00171599": "vector then finding eigen value is easy - you have to just find constant of proportionality;", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00211-00171687-00172387": "if v is eigen vector of matrix a then look at two vectors a into v and v, these two they", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00212-00172687-00173387": "are proportional; I find what is the constant of proportionality between the two. Here,", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00213-00173588-00174288": "our eigen vector is only approximate. So, what best eigen value approximation can I", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00214-00174459-00174995": "choose? That means - suppose I give you an eigen vector", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00215-00174995-00175695": "approximation and I want to know this is eigen vector corresponding to which eigen value?", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00216-00176064-00176764": "The best way it can be done is by considering the Rayleigh quotient. So, the Rayleigh quotient", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00217-00176823-00177315": "has got some minimization property, which we now consider.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00218-00177315-00177987": "You have q to be an approximation eigen vector; the question is what should be chosen as an", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00219-00177987-00178687": "approximate eigen value? The answer is choose Rayleigh quotient which is q star a q divided", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00220-00178794-00179477": "by q star q which is equal to eta. Now, let me tell you what is the minimization", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00221-00179477-00180177": "property of Rayleigh quotient. So, we consider eta to be equal to q star A q; so, our q is", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00222-00180432-00180804": "approximate eigen vector.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00223-00180804-00181504": "Then, eta is q star A q divided by q star q; if I consider A q minus eta q - its inner", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00224-00183186-00183886": "product with q, this will be nothing but q star A q minus eta q which is going to be", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00225-00184549-00185249": "equal to q star A q minus eta - is a complex number - so, it is minus eta q star q; using", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00226-00185904-00186562": "this result, this is going to be equal to zero.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00227-00186562-00187262": "That means A q minus eta q is going to be perpendicular to vector q; now, let z be any", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00228-00187559-00188259": "complex number and look at norm of A q minus z q - its two norm, let me take its square;", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00229-00188896-00189596": "this will be equal to norm of A q minus eta q plus eta q minus z q - add and subtract;", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00230-00190482-00191182": "here is one vector here is another vector, our eta and z these are complex numbers. So,", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00231-00191694-00192394": "we have got vector eta minus z into q; A q minus eta q is perpendicular to q - it is", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00232-00192783-00193483": "perpendicular to any multiple, which will mean that these two vectors they are perpendicular;", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00233-00193691-00193941": "we can use Pythagoras theorem.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00234-00193941-00194641": "So, we have got norm of A q minus z q square to be equal to A q minus eta q plus eta minus", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00235-00194841-00195541": "z q for any z belonging to c. Using orthogonality property, this vector", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00236-00195721-00196421": "is perpendicular to this vector - eta minus z into q; this two norms square will be nothing", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00237-00196514-00197214": "but square of norm of this Aq minus eta q square plus norm of eta minus z q square.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00238-00197787-00198487": "What does this relation tell us? It tells us that two norm of A q minus z q is going", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00239-00198875-00199575": "to be bigger than or equal to two norm of A minus eta into q.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00240-00199816-00200516": "Our vector q is approximate eigen vector; we cannot hope to find a complex number lambda", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00241-00201799-00202499": "such that A q is equal to lambda q; but, what we are saying is - look at the Rayleigh quotient", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00242-00202632-00203186": "q star A q divided by q star q that we denote by eta.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00243-00203186-00203886": "Now, consider two norm of a q minus eta q; this norm will be less than or equal to norm", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00244-00204424-00205124": "of a q minus z q, where z is any complex number. The Rayleigh quotient eta minimizes two norm", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00245-00205550-00206250": "of a minus z i into q where z varies over the complex plane and that is why if you are", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00246-00206741-00207441": "given q to be an approximate eigen vector the best you can do is choose eigen value", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00247-00207566-00208266": "approximation to be the Rayleigh quotient q star a q divided by q star q.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00248-00208444-00209144": "If your q happens to be exact eigen vector, then your eta will be - suppose your e q is", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00249-00209323-00210023": "equal to lambda q, then q star a q will be q star lambda q; that means, lambda times", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00250-00210169-00210869": "q star q because lambda is a complex number. You have eta to be equal to - in the numerator", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00251-00211119-00211819": "lambda times q star q divided by denominator is q star q; so, you get eta is equal to lambda.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00252-00212192-00212840": "So, the Rayleigh quotient associated with the exact eigen vector is nothing but the", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00253-00212840-00213540": "eigen value itself; if it is not an eigen vector then it minimizes two norm of vector", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00254-00213881-00214581": "a minus z i into q. Next, I want to consider q r decomposition.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00255-00214851-00215551": "The reason I am going to consider q r decomposition is I want to describe what is a q r method", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00256-00215740-00216440": "for calculating eigen values of a matrix A or finding approximations to eigen values", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00257-00216646-00217279": "of matrix A. Now, the description of q r method is easy;", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00258-00217279-00217979": "you will see that we can quickly describe what is q r method. What is difficult is to", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00259-00218242-00218942": "show its convergence and also why it works; unfortunately these things are involved, so", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00260-00219471-00220171": "we are not going to do these things in detail; but, I want to tell you what is a q r method,", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00261-00220265-00220965": "which is the currently used method for - or it is the best method available for calculating", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00262-00221285-00221985": "eigen values of matrix A. There is a relation between power method and", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00263-00222053-00222753": "q r method. What we have done is we have considered power method to find approximation to one", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00264-00223103-00223803": "eigen vector; now, instead of one eigen vector you can consider several eigen vectors together.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00265-00223998-00224698": "That gives rise to what is known as simultaneous iteration, and the best implementation of", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00266-00224912-00225612": "simultaneous iteration is done by q r method. Anyway, let us first look at what is q r decomposition", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00267-00225984-00226684": "of a matrix A; for simplicity, let me assume a to be an invertible matrix and also let", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00268-00227129-00227829": "us look at the matrix to be real matrix; q r decomposition is available for complex matrices", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00269-00228023-00228588": "also, but just for the sake of simplicity let us restrict ourselves to real matrices.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00270-00228588-00229288": "So, our assumption is A is real n by n matrix and we want to write it as q into r where", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00271-00229669-00230369": "q is an orthogonal matrix; that means q transpose q is equal to identity and r is an upper triangular", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00272-00230590-00230706": "matrix.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00273-00230706-00231406": "Here is A, n by n real invertible matrix; aim is to write A is equal to q into R where", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00274-00231994-00232694": "q is orthogonal; that means, q transpose q is equal to q, q transpose is equal to identity", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00275-00232794-00233063": "and R is upper triangular.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00276-00233063-00233763": "Let me write it as q 1, q 2 and q n - these are the columns of Q. Q is going to be a n", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00277-00233867-00234562": "by n matrix and these are - q 1 is the first column, q 2 is the second column and q n is", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00278-00234562-00235165": "nth column. Now, what will be Q transpose? Q transpose", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00279-00235165-00235865": "will be given by q 1 transpose, q 2 transpose and q n transpose; q n is n by 1 vector, when", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00280-00236140-00236840": "I take its transpose then it becomes a row vector; here, q 1 is the first column of Q;", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00281-00237192-00237892": "q 1 transpose is going to be first row of Q transpose; then, q 2 transpose and q n transpose", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00282-00238269-00238969": "multiplied by q 1, q 2, q n. So, when I consider Q transpose Q it will be first row into first", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00283-00239388-00240088": "column, first row into second column and so on - the usual matrix multiplication .", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00284-00240198-00240898": "The i jth element of Q transpose Q will be given by ith row here - that will be q i transpose", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00285-00241165-00241865": "multiplied by jth column here, so it is q i transpose q j; our notation is inner product", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00286-00242165-00242865": "of q j with q i. Q transpose Q is equal to identity. So, identity matrix means 1 along", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00287-00243383-00244083": "the diagonal and 0 elsewhere; q j q i is the i jth entry of q transpose q.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00288-00244411-00245111": "So, q transpose q is equal to identity is equivalent to saying that inner product of", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00289-00245316-00246016": "q j with q i will be 1 if i is equal to j 0 if i not equal to j, which will mean that", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00290-00246282-00246982": "the columns of q are ortho normal. We had seen similar relation for unitary matrices,", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00291-00247408-00248108": "when we considered q star q - q is equal to identity; q star means conjugate transpose,", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00292-00248326-00249026": "q unitary means the columns of q are orthonormal - it is exactly - it is a special case.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00293-00249069-00249769": "Actually, that q transpose q is equal to identity; that means, the columns of q are orthonormal;", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00294-00249889-00250575": "now, orthogonal matrix also satisfies q q transpose is equal to identity.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00295-00250575-00251275": "From that we can deduce that the rows of q; they are going to be orthonormal. Orthogonal", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00296-00251583-00252283": "matrix is that matrix which has - if you look at any column its Euclidean norm is going", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00297-00252477-00253177": "to be equal to 1 and that column will be perpendicular to any other column and similar property holds", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00298-00253556-00253919": "for rows of matrix q.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00299-00253919-00254619": "We have got Q transpose Q is equal to identity; that means, inner product of q j with q i", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00300-00254644-00255113": "is one if i is equal to j, 0 if i not equal to j.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00301-00255113-00255813": "So, the columns of q are orthonormal and q q transpose is equal to identity; that means,", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00302-00255973-00256216": "the rows of q are orthonormal.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00303-00256216-00256916": "Now, we are trying to write A as Q into r, where Q is orthogonal and", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00304-00257060-00257760": "R is upper triangular. So, let me write columns of A as c 1, c 2 and c n. So, c 1, c 2 and", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00305-00258005-00258705": "c n is equal to q 1, q 2 and q n and then here is upper triangular matrix. So, below", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00306-00258994-00259404": "diagonal call the entries are going to be 0.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00307-00259404-00260104": "Now, let me equate the columns; the first column c 1 will be nothing but r 1 1 times", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00308-00260489-00261189": "q 1 second column c 2 will be given by r 1 2 into q 1 plus r 2 2 into q 2 etcetera.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00309-00261552-00262252": "This is just property of matrix multiplication; we have got c 1, c 2 and c n to be columns", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00310-00262642-00263342": "of our original matrix A; suppose, we write it as q into r, then first column of a which", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00311-00263690-00264390": "is c 1 will be r 1 1 times q one. So, c 1 is r 1 1 times q 1 the second column", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00312-00264958-00265658": "c 2 will be r 1 2 times q 1 plus r 2 2 times q 2; now, look at the first relation - c 1", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00313-00266218-00266918": "is equal to r 1 one times q one. Now, q 1 - just now we have seen that the", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00314-00267167-00267867": "columns of q they form an orthonormal say; that means, Euclidean norm of q 1 is going", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00315-00268202-00268558": "to be equal to one.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00316-00268558-00269258": "We have got c 1, which is the first column of A; this is r 1 1 times q 1, so norm of", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00317-00269857-00270557": "c 1 - its two norm is equal to norm of r 1 1 q 1; this will be modulus of r 1 1 and then", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00318-00271266-00271966": "norm of q 1 2 norm and this is equal to one. For modulus of r 1 1 we have got a choice", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00319-00272032-00272732": "- you can either choose r 1 1 to be equal to norm of c 1 or r 1 1 is equal to minus", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00320-00273215-00273915": "norm of c 1 2; you get q 1 to be equal to c 1 divided by norm of c 1 2, if you choose", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00321-00274275-00274975": "this. So, the matrix a is given to us; that means, I know what its column c 1 is; I am", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00322-00275186-00275886": "trying to write it as q into r where q is orthonormal and r is upper triangular .", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00323-00276063-00276763": "If you want to consider q 1 - the first column, it will be nothing but the c 1 normalized", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00324-00277105-00277733": "like the first column of a which we are denoting by c 1 it need not have Euclidean norm to", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00325-00277733-00278433": "be equal to one, so you divide by its norm. Looking at c 1 is equal to r 1 1 into q 1,", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00326-00279026-00279726": "we get q 1 will be nothing - first of all r 1 1, we have to make a choice either you", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00327-00279790-00280245": "choose it to be positive or you choose it to be negative.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00328-00280245-00280945": "For the sake of definiteness, let us choose r 1 1 to be bigger than 0, then our r 1 1", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00329-00281103-00281803": "will be nothing but c 1 divided by its Euclidean norm - that is for the first. That means,", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00330-00282027-00282727": "we have determined what should be the first column of q and what should be the entry r", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00331-00282748-00283119": "1 1 in the upper triangular matrix.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00332-00283119-00283819": "Now, in the second one, you have the relation c 2 is equal to r 12 q 1 plus r 22 q 2; we", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00333-00284833-00285533": "have already determined q 1, so, we have c 2 minus r 12 q 1 is equal to r 22 into q 2", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00334-00286459-00286759": ". Now, I need to determine what is r 12 what", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00335-00286759-00287459": "is r 22 and what is q 2; q 1 is determined; these are the three things to be determined.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00336-00287535-00288235": "I make use of the fact that q 1 and q 2 are perpendicular to each otherl; inner product", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00337-00288236-00288936": "of c 2 with q 1 will be r 12 and inner product of q 1 with q 1 - this is going to be equal", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00338-00289285-00289884": "to 1. This determines r 12, because c 2 is known", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00339-00289884-00290584": "q 1 is known take their inner product and that will be r 12; now, after this go to this", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00340-00290711-00291411": "relation and then take norm of c 2 minus r 1 to q 1 - its two norm - will be modulus", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00341-00291657-00292357": "of r 22 because norm q 2 is 1. So, once again choose r 22 to be bigger than 0 so that you", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00342-00292581-00293281": "would have determined r 22 and then q 2 will be nothing but - we have determined r 22 - q", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00343-00293553-00294253": "2 will be c 2 minus r 12 divided by r 2 2. In this manner we can determine the matrix", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00344-00294700-00295400": "q and matrix r. So, any invertible matrix can be written as product of q into r.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00345-00295519-00296219": "In our next lecture we will consider the relation between a is equal to q into r and Gram- Schmidt", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00346-00296384-00297084": "Orthonormalization process, then I will describe what is a q r method and then we will consider", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00347-00297271-00297896": "an efficient way of finding q r decomposition matrix - q r decomposition of a matrix by", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00348-00297896-00298579": "using what are known as reflector. So, this we are going to do in the next lecture.", "jpqPVJgNEm4-00349-00298579-00298699": "Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "jpc6i2R9Cj4", "text": {"jpc6i2R9Cj4-00000-00000152-00000589": "although the penthouse drama season 3 is almost over, there are still many people who are", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00001-00000589-00000934": "confused about who the real killer of Min Seol A is.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00002-00000934-00001487": "This of course confused the entire audience because the penthouse drama really didn't", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00003-00001487-00001863": "show or explain what really happened to Min Seol A.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00004-00001863-00002407": "Previously in season 3 of the penthouse drama, the audience was almost shocked by Sokyung", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00005-00002407-00002979": "who confessed to Joo Dan Tae that she killed her twin. this almost became a blatant plotwist", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00006-00002979-00003870": "but it was finally revealed that sokyung said that because she had locked up and left Min Seol A in a burning car.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00007-00003870-00004326": "It was because of that guilt that Sokyung said that she killed Min Seol A.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00008-00004326-00004859": "other than that, all this time we all continue to be confused as to who the real killer of", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00009-00004859-00005393": "Min Seol A is whether oh yoon hee or Joo Dan Tae or even Cheon Seo Jin. these three names", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00010-00005393-00005941": "are always mentioned by all the viewers who have their own thoughts.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00011-00005941-00006760": "if you look at season 1 of the penthouse drama, it is true that Oh Yoon Hee is the main actor in Min Seol A's murder.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00012-00006760-00007224": "but it was only based on the evidence of Min Seol A's necklace that was on Oh Yoon hee", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00013-00007224-00007707": "and the memories that emerged after Min Seol A's apple necklace was found at her house.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00014-00007707-00008250": "But actually Oh Yoon Hee's memory can't be trusted because Oh Yoon Hee is in a very drunk", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00015-00008250-00008585": "state and of course her memory is not completely correct.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00016-00008585-00009202": "Cheon Seo Jin is actually the most suspected person, but there is no evidence that leads", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00017-00009202-00009630": "Cheon Seo Jin to establish him as the perpetrator of Min Seol A's murder.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00018-00009630-00010019": "So Cheon Seo Jin may not be the perpetrator of Min Seol A's murder, but Cheon Seo Jin", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00019-00010019-00010432": "participated in the torture of Min Seol A.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00020-00010432-00010954": "then Joo Dan Tae, Joo Dan Tae is the one who is most likely to kill Min Seol A.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00021-00010954-00011453": "This can be seen from the initial sin in episode 13 of the penthouse drama.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00022-00011453-00012189": "in the initial sin of the penthouse drama, it shows all the crimes that Joo Dan Tae has committed during his life.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00023-00012189-00012716": "besides that Joo Dan Tae is the one who has the most reason to kill Min Seol A.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00024-00012716-00013388": "The first is because Min Seol A has evidence of the affair between Joo Dan Tae and Cheon Seo Jin.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00025-00013388-00014139": "In addition, Joo Dan Tae also found out that Min Seol A was the son of Shim Su Ryeon who he put in an orphanage.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00026-00014139-00015040": "After knowing this fact, Joo Dan Tae must feel in a dangerous position especially Min Seol A is very close to Shim Su Ryeon", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00027-00015040-00015576": "even Shim Su Ryeon had time to buy shoes for Min Seol A, but the shoes couldn't.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00028-00015576-00015935": "given because Min Seol A died at the hera palace.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00029-00015935-00016472": "Joo Dan Tae definitely doesn't want the fact that Min Seol A is Shim Su Ryeon's son to be exposed.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00030-00016472-00016936": "So Joo Dan Tae must have killed Min Seol A to cover up her crimes.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00031-00016936-00017573": "Moreover, Min Seol A is a child who is brave and strong enough to expose Joo Dan Tae's crimes.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00032-00017573-00018558": "then Joo Dan Tae must be the one who killed Min Seol A, but used Oh Yoon Hee's drunken condition to trick Oh Yoon Hee.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00033-00018558-00019315": "In addition, Joo Dan Tae also repeatedly mentioned that he was Min Seol A's killer in front of Shim Su Ryeon.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00034-00019315-00020154": "this is not a coincidence or a provocation for Shim Su Ryeon, because Joo Dan Tae couldn't have said that if he didn't.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00035-00020154-00020749": "So maybe Joo Dan Tae was the main culprit in Min Seol A's murder, but Joo Dan Tae took", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00036-00020749-00021306": "advantage of Oh Yoon Hee's drunken state and said that he was Min Seol A's killer.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00037-00021306-00021882": "based on some of this evidence and the collection of crimes committed by Joo Dan Tae in episode13,", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00038-00021882-00022302": "it could be that Joo Dan Tae is Min Seol A's killer.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00039-00022302-00022922": "Joo Dan Tae even received karma for Min Seol A's murder because he fell from the penthouse", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00040-00022922-00023484": "into the hera palace fountain just like Min Seol A. so Joo Dan Tae might be the killer,", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00041-00023484-00024165": "because the penthouse drama writer couldn't have given the karma if Joo Dan Tae hadn't committed the crime.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00042-00024165-00024366": "What do you think?", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00043-00024366-00024748": "Do you have any theories or opinions regarding this?", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00044-00024748-00025409": "don't forget to write your theories and opinions in the comments column so that the admin also knows other information.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00045-00025409-00026218": "don't forget to subscribe to this channel, and like and share this video so that your friends also know about this information.", "jpc6i2R9Cj4-00046-00026218-00026471": "see you on the next video."}}, {"audio_id": "jO67RNKhTOk", "text": {"jO67RNKhTOk-00000-00000120-00000288": "oh my god very good", "jO67RNKhTOk-00001-00000656-00000728": "very good", "jO67RNKhTOk-00002-00001352-00001800": "what is going on guys and girls welcome back to the crack addicts youtube channel", "jO67RNKhTOk-00003-00001800-00002240": "home to chiropractic media if you guys haven't already subscribed", "jO67RNKhTOk-00004-00002240-00002720": "to the channel make sure you do if you do enjoy chiropractic content like this", "jO67RNKhTOk-00005-00002720-00003144": "before we get into the video if you want to skip the commentary go straight to one minute and the", "jO67RNKhTOk-00006-00003144-00003696": "video will roll out from there anyway getting into today's video guys and girls we've got another", "jO67RNKhTOk-00007-00003696-00004208": "big chiropractic adjustment compilation if you want to check out any of the chiropractors their", "jO67RNKhTOk-00008-00004208-00004568": "links will be in the description where you can get in contact with them if you want to book", "jO67RNKhTOk-00009-00004568-00004976": "appointments or go and get treatment done from them that's how you can do that", "jO67RNKhTOk-00010-00005056-00005472": "if you didn't check out yesterday's video i'll have a link to that in the description where you", "jO67RNKhTOk-00011-00005472-00005904": "can check it out we've got a very good response and i'll throw it up on the screen now so you can", "jO67RNKhTOk-00012-00005904-00006472": "see where it is make sure you leave a comment in this video i want to see loads of comments i want", "jO67RNKhTOk-00013-00006472-00007144": "to see your reactions to the video if you enjoy it make sure you leave a comment subscribe share the", "jO67RNKhTOk-00014-00007144-00007816": "video and i'll let the footage roll now and i'll see you on the next one next up is dr scott hall", "jO67RNKhTOk-00015-00008256-00008864": "wow so i was just releasing some muscles there in your upper cervical spine and", "jO67RNKhTOk-00016-00008920-00009480": "obviously there was those pops so those joints really wanted to get released what i want to do", "jO67RNKhTOk-00017-00009480-00009984": "is bring it right over here and there will be a little sudden thrust okay okay all right", "jO67RNKhTOk-00018-00010256-00010816": "good drop your head good oh my god very good", "jO67RNKhTOk-00019-00011016-00011672": "this is scary it was scary did it hurt no not at all it's just scary it was so loud yeah", "jO67RNKhTOk-00020-00011896-00012576": "okay good and now we'll go right on over here i'm also doing the segments right at the top", "jO67RNKhTOk-00021-00012576-00013480": "of your neck which they're so close to your ear you know all right let that go good very good", "jO67RNKhTOk-00022-00013936-00014216": "i'm gonna give you a little yank here good", "jO67RNKhTOk-00023-00014456-00014984": "where the nerve comes out of there so that you can get a little bit better function relax good", "jO67RNKhTOk-00024-00015272-00015791": "fold so we'll go right in there and i'll press into it okay okay good let that go", "jO67RNKhTOk-00025-00016008-00016680": "good hold it right there rib cage and shoulder girdle underneath your shoulder blade", "jO67RNKhTOk-00026-00016760-00017376": "good all right so relax here and i'm going to thrust down like that deep breath breathe out", "jO67RNKhTOk-00027-00017648-00018128": "very good you okay all right i'm going to pull your elbow out don't", "jO67RNKhTOk-00028-00018336-00018640": "good two no it just feels really weird yeah", "jO67RNKhTOk-00029-00018968-00019000": "good", "jO67RNKhTOk-00030-00019408-00020544": "all right good i'm pinky pulling apart ready go much better we'll do that elbow pulling out thing", "jO67RNKhTOk-00031-00020544-00021232": "like that ready go not so strong that was worse yeah all right put your left palm in your ear", "jO67RNKhTOk-00032-00021376-00021504": "good i like my left", "jO67RNKhTOk-00033-00021832-00022216": "okay relax your elbow breathe out", "jO67RNKhTOk-00034-00022552-00023216": "oh good sometimes it feels good sometimes it does not all right pulling out don't let me ready go", "jO67RNKhTOk-00035-00023328-00023432": "stronger good", "jO67RNKhTOk-00036-00023704-00024408": "good hold it right there pushing out don't let me ready go nothing that way don't let me nothing", "jO67RNKhTOk-00037-00024608-00025080": "so the left hip it's a little bit restricted i'm going to do a little adjustment here good", "jO67RNKhTOk-00038-00025232-00025552": "good and that opened it up a little bit", "jO67RNKhTOk-00039-00026039-00027064": "and that hurts so we'll do a little manipulation there good okay i have to do a manipulation", "jO67RNKhTOk-00040-00027712-00028792": "good it already went okay lay on your back right in here that's ready to go yeah okay lay back", "jO67RNKhTOk-00041-00029120-00029624": "muscle test pushing down and out don't let me go much better down and out don't let me", "jO67RNKhTOk-00042-00029624-00030032": "ready go full adjustment where i kind of yank you here can you hold onto the table", "jO67RNKhTOk-00043-00030176-00030983": "that's perfect good and then we'll do that over here try to relax", "jO67RNKhTOk-00044-00031168-00032383": "next up is dr joseph cipriano", "jO67RNKhTOk-00045-00032624-00032656": "oh", "jO67RNKhTOk-00046-00033264-00033784": "yep it doesn't feel like that one into it take a deep breath in and out", "jO67RNKhTOk-00047-00034024-00035184": "good one more time a little bit lower deep breath in and out good good good good to do this", "jO67RNKhTOk-00048-00036560-00037296": "go because when you have a herniation this position you don't want to do a very forceful", "jO67RNKhTOk-00049-00037296-00037984": "side posture technique just because it's an awkward kind of way that your body is positioned", "jO67RNKhTOk-00050-00038144-00038336": "again flip to the other side", "jO67RNKhTOk-00051-00038536-00038968": "yeah you're like your body would know if that needed to really move that would have right", "jO67RNKhTOk-00052-00038968-00039512": "that's why i don't these ones i don't really like to force let me just bring that arm there you go", "jO67RNKhTOk-00053-00040000-00040328": "just like that and then lay on your back from it", "jO67RNKhTOk-00054-00040616-00042184": "all right from here relax your legs we're going to do the leg pull", "jO67RNKhTOk-00055-00043512-00043584": "okay", "jO67RNKhTOk-00056-00044128-00044336": "deep breath in and out", "jO67RNKhTOk-00057-00044768-00045104": "good already cleared and you can relax right there", "jO67RNKhTOk-00058-00045272-00046384": "i'm just gonna first slide you up to your knees hit perfect", "jO67RNKhTOk-00059-00046712-00046816": "deep breath in and out", "jO67RNKhTOk-00060-00047208-00047784": "started from the bottom and then it kind of went all the way up next up is dr gregory johnson", "jO67RNKhTOk-00061-00047968-00048560": "that's it it's like you're going in the roller coaster yeah you're coming up to", "jO67RNKhTOk-00062-00048560-00049760": "them he's still kicking oh [ __ ] till left that's it perfect boy those went a lot smoother", "jO67RNKhTOk-00063-00050040-00050224": "perfect yes sir", "jO67RNKhTOk-00064-00050528-00050872": "christopher's got so much muscle you can't even hear all his cracking", "jO67RNKhTOk-00065-00051080-00051984": "but this is going to be a from russia with love ring dinger i'm afraid i'm scared everybody", "jO67RNKhTOk-00066-00052128-00052455": "keep your teeth together don't talk breathe through your nose", "jO67RNKhTOk-00067-00052584-00052896": "there it is right there yes ma'am keep breathing", "jO67RNKhTOk-00068-00053304-00053472": "see i told you you'd still be kicking", "jO67RNKhTOk-00069-00053767-00054296": "keep breathing yeah i take you all the way down oh you make it all the way yeah sure yeah sure you're", "jO67RNKhTOk-00070-00054296-00055024": "in my lower back yeah i'm gonna get your hands okay just relax in my hand kill left there you go", "jO67RNKhTOk-00071-00055128-00055720": "now tilt right that's a girl perfect your teeth together don't bite your tongue", "jO67RNKhTOk-00072-00055904-00056184": "there it is right there that was absolutely perfect", "jO67RNKhTOk-00073-00056408-00056791": "felt that one all the way down didn't you honey he did yep look here you're still kicking", "jO67RNKhTOk-00074-00056912-00057952": "okay she's got a little bit of atlas here okay tilt left there you go better okay okay", "jO67RNKhTOk-00075-00058479-00059160": "go ahead and decompress christian this morning there you go yes sir it still worked didn't it yep", "jO67RNKhTOk-00076-00059576-00059936": "and look at there he's still kicking okay", "jO67RNKhTOk-00077-00060248-00060384": "there you go", "jO67RNKhTOk-00078-00060744-00061264": "oh i don't have to i wouldn't know where i was going all right deep breath through your nose", "jO67RNKhTOk-00079-00061264-00061784": "yeah yes there you go just like that you feel that all the way down francisco", "jO67RNKhTOk-00080-00062024-00062248": "see i always deliver the goods on the ring dinger", "jO67RNKhTOk-00081-00062560-00063767": "okay tilt left that's it tilt right perf next up is dr brent's binder on here there's more", "jO67RNKhTOk-00082-00064272-00064584": "take a deep breath into your nose and after your mouth", "jO67RNKhTOk-00083-00064855-00065032": "good let it all sink in", "jO67RNKhTOk-00084-00065464-00066008": "all right now let this relax let your whole body like loosey goosey breathe into your nose", "jO67RNKhTOk-00085-00066008-00066192": "and out through your mouth let it sink", "jO67RNKhTOk-00086-00066488-00067384": "oh god let this relax go ahead and take a deep breath in and out good", "jO67RNKhTOk-00087-00067728-00067888": "let's do this let me just kind of warm that up", "jO67RNKhTOk-00088-00068384-00068784": "breathe in through your nose through your mouth", "jO67RNKhTOk-00089-00069024-00069496": "go ahead and let it go let it go let your head go let it like drop in like you were just", "jO67RNKhTOk-00090-00069496-00069584": "laying in bed at night", "jO67RNKhTOk-00091-00069880-00070208": "oh", "jO67RNKhTOk-00092-00070208-00070240": "breathe", "jO67RNKhTOk-00093-00070872-00071392": "relax let this go let it go okay so nice soft breath into your nose", "jO67RNKhTOk-00094-00071512-00072000": "not through your mouth just let yourself relax good sink in", "jO67RNKhTOk-00095-00072680-00073184": "let it all sink feet in and out", "jO67RNKhTOk-00096-00073680-00074384": "good nice gentle okay loose so you see a nice soft breath into your nose out through your mouth", "jO67RNKhTOk-00097-00074992-00075704": "and nice soft breaths into your nose now through your mouth good i just let it go loose", "jO67RNKhTOk-00098-00076792-00077184": "good", "jO67RNKhTOk-00099-00077896-00078584": "uh", "jO67RNKhTOk-00100-00078704-00079104": "if you made it to the end of the video guys and girls thanks for watching", "jO67RNKhTOk-00101-00079104-00079480": "subscribe for more chiropractic content"}}, {"audio_id": "jOpqQICmBVQ", "text": {"jOpqQICmBVQ-00000-00000000-00000200": "Subscribe my channel"}}, {"audio_id": "jOxzRn-FGYy", "text": {"jOxzRn-FGYy-00000-00000003-00000175": "People everywhere are", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00001-00000175-00000375": "questioning the current school system.", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00002-00000418-00000813": "There's lots of talk of what's wrong and how it should be reformed.", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00003-00000880-00001451": "But what's truly exciting is that there's a growing number of people who are progressing beyond that system", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00004-00001549-00001748": "reclaiming their autonomy and", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00005-00001755-00002039": "pioneering a whole new paradigm.", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00006-00002098-00002697": "This is Education in Transformation and we're here to tell their stories.", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00007-00002758-00003167": "My name is Pia Janzen. I've always been inspired by the power of storytelling.", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00008-00003232-00003770": "Long before I found that there is such a thing as Self-Directed Education and a movement around it.", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00009-00003771-00004421": "I already felt like something else must be possible and it changed my life when I found that there is a movement already.", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00010-00004495-00004832": "I'm Sierra Allen and I'd like to tell you about EDIT.", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00011-00004832-00005393": "I've gotten to spend time at these radical learning communities that are dedicated", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00012-00005425-00005916": "to empowering young people. I've needed a way to share what I've witnessed.", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00013-00005928-00006269": "That's why I decided to help create EDIT.", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00014-00006269-00006468": "I'm hoping that EDIT can have the same effect on people", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00015-00006468-00007148": "who now still think they are the only ones believing in a change and that it will provide them with resources", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00016-00007148-00007348": "and community to connect with.", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00017-00007431-00008061": "Edit is a storytelling platform of videos from the global Self-Directed Education movement", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00018-00008109-00008868": "EDIT's mission is to amplify a diverse set of voices", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00019-00008868-00009068": "to show that change is possible and it's happening right now.", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00020-00009235-00010025": "Please contact us to collaborate.", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00021-00010025-00010225": "You can like us on Facebook subscribe to our YouTube channel and support us on Patreon.", "jOxzRn-FGYy-00022-00010225-00010425": "Thanks for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "jOCo_0ZEb3A", "text": {"jOCo_0ZEb3A-00000-00000000-00016283": "Instrumental No Copyright Music is playing..."}}, {"audio_id": "jOJ-bsORbEo", "text": {"jOJ-bsORbEo-00000-00000100-00000500": "Welcome back guys, been long a time since I posted a video.", "jOJ-bsORbEo-00001-00000500-00001000": "So here are compilation of videos from my trip to Yunnan, China on 20-26 September this year.", "jOJ-bsORbEo-00002-00001000-00001300": "Enjoy!", "jOJ-bsORbEo-00003-00001300-00001800": "So here is Peter doing random shits as usual.", "jOJ-bsORbEo-00004-00002500-00002800": "Peter: Porkchop!", "jOJ-bsORbEo-00005-00002900-00002986": "*DAB*", "jOJ-bsORbEo-00008-00003658-00003992": "😮 Secret clip of Wilson playing *MOBILE LEGENDS*"}}, {"audio_id": "jOOpIB-j6J4", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "jOTUCLFZ-LY", "text": {"jOTUCLFZ-LY-00000-00000396-00000813": "Candlestick Charts and prices of the market", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00001-00000813-00001461": "Among all the technical trading tools candlestick charts is maybe the oldest one.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00002-00001461-00002045": "Candlestick charts have been first invented in Japan in the 17th century.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00003-00002045-00002531": "Then it came in the western world in the 19th century.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00004-00002531-00003109": "Candlestick charts are mainly the graphical representation of the price movement and the", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00005-00003109-00003397": "traders’ sentiment in the market.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00006-00003397-00004166": "The price movement in the market happens because of the traders’ decision or mentality of", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00007-00004166-00004350": "buying or selling.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00008-00004350-00005241": "The traders’ flow of investment is the main reason of the market’s trend changes or", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00009-00005241-00005341": "flows.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00010-00005341-00005960": "A candlestick shows the day’s highest and lowest price of the market as well as the", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00011-00005960-00006266": "opening and closing price.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00012-00006266-00007059": "The highest price is in the highest point of the candle and the lowest price is in the", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00013-00007059-00007365": "lowest point of the candle.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00014-00007365-00008129": "The opening and closing price is the highest and lowest point of the body of the candlestick.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00015-00008129-00008971": "When the opening price is going towards the high price, it means the buyers are overpowering", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00016-00008971-00009071": "the sellers.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00017-00009071-00009585": "The buyers are represented as bulls.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00018-00009585-00009971": "The bullish patterns are used for buy signals.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00019-00009971-00010765": "When the body is gradually coming towards the low price, it indicates that the sellers", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00020-00010765-00011111": "or the bears are overpowering the market.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00021-00011111-00011539": "The bearish patterns are signals for selling time.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00022-00011539-00012322": "If the traders watch the patterns carefully, they will gradually understand that the reversal", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00023-00012322-00012894": "patterns in the charts can predict a possible trend change in the market.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00024-00012894-00013571": "But reversal patterns can also signal the trend will remain the same and the price will", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00025-00013571-00013822": "not become higher or lower.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00026-00013822-00014538": "The candlesticks have some close connections to the price of the market as they are actually", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00027-00014538-00014808": "the graphical representations of the prices.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00028-00014808-00015600": "The patterns are the results of the price movements of day to day.", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00029-00015600-00016304": "So, traders should know the basic things about the prices shown in candlesticks and their", "jOTUCLFZ-LY-00030-00016304-00016380": "uses."}}, {"audio_id": "jPF9lH86VRg", "text": {"jPF9lH86VRg-00000-00000470-00001907": "Good morning, as I say in these cases it is not really early morning but it is anyway", "jPF9lH86VRg-00001-00001907-00003540": "Why is it 11:30 in the morning, mr, master, maestro or simply or simply David Lynch?", "jPF9lH86VRg-00002-00003640-00004224": "It's February 24, 2022 and it's a Thursday.", "jPF9lH86VRg-00003-00004324-00005231": "Here in Naples a clear morning, very still right now,", "jPF9lH86VRg-00004-00005332-00006456": "57.2 fahrenheit around 14 celsius and this means that, always for me obviously because", "jPF9lH86VRg-00005-00006556-00007387": "in general it's a bit cold, it's not that day really, really, really, really", "jPF9lH86VRg-00006-00007487-00007767": "cold as in these days and in this period but as always, and I will say it until I take", "jPF9lH86VRg-00007-00007867-00008361": "over Spring, I always invite you to see my video on the cold that I did last December", "jPF9lH86VRg-00008-00008361-00009065": "to understand what are the two practices I use to try not to win it, because it is impossible,", "jPF9lH86VRg-00009-00009165-00009479": "but at least to fight the cold.", "jPF9lH86VRg-00010-00009579-00009899": "Yes, then what about the thoughts video like", "jPF9lH86VRg-00011-00009899-00010860": "always and from this year I do it separate from the report, so watch out if you are interested.", "jPF9lH86VRg-00012-00010860-00011615": "Anyway as he just see from the window:", "jPF9lH86VRg-00013-00011615-00013018": "this afternoon I think it’ll be going to be up to the same degrees of this moment or", "jPF9lH86VRg-00014-00013018-00013118": "even", "jPF9lH86VRg-00015-00013118-00013501": "a few more but we must always see.", "jPF9lH86VRg-00016-00013501-00014053": "But by far the most important thing is that", "jPF9lH86VRg-00017-00014053-00014998": "surely we're going to be enjoying those beautiful blue skies and golden sunshine all along the", "jPF9lH86VRg-00018-00014998-00015307": "way.", "jPF9lH86VRg-00019-00015307-00015756": "All along the way here obviously for another 4-5 hours since after 17:00 it will be evening.", "jPF9lH86VRg-00020-00015756-00016605": "But well, what about in these cases, we hope to continue with this trend.", "jPF9lH86VRg-00021-00016605-00017112": "So, said this:", "jPF9lH86VRg-00022-00017112-00018184": "so from the mythical window with the colored courtain, sublime today nothing to say, and", "jPF9lH86VRg-00023-00018184-00019743": "its green", "jPF9lH86VRg-00024-00019843-00021149": "roller shooter, behind me, on the top (not visible) and in fact here in the shot", "jPF9lH86VRg-00025-00021149-00022829": "and finally from my mythical keyboard Yamaha DGX640 YPG, YPG-625", "jPF9lH86VRg-00026-00023229-00023756": "have a great day him, all the people who follow the channel and the report, yeah,", "jPF9lH86VRg-00027-00023756-00024053": "a really greeting to all."}}, {"audio_id": "jPFYN5PYfh8", "text": {"jPFYN5PYfh8-00000-00000016-00001008": "“Come and play, everything's A-OK. Friendly neighbours who have had the jab! Can you tell", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00001-00001008-00001655": "me how to get, how to get vaccinated?” Yes, if it wasn’t already,", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00002-00001655-00002248": "Sesame Street has become a propaganda machine targeting young children. Here’s Big Bird,", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00003-00002248-00002792": "who’s officially only six years old. He recently sent out a tweet (how fitting).", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00004-00002792-00003296": "“I got the COVID-19 vaccine today! My wing is feeling a little sore, but it'll give my", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00005-00003296-00004088": "body an extra protective boost that keeps me and others healthy. Ms. @EricaRHill (a CNN journalist)", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00006-00004088-00004632": "even said I’ve been getting vaccines since I was a little bird. I had no idea!”", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00007-00004632-00005296": "And here’s one from three-year-old Elmo, “Elmo was so happy to talk to @DrSanjayGupta", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00008-00005296-00005856": "(CNN Chief Medical Correspondent) at the town hall today! Elmo learned that Elmo's", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00009-00005856-00006464": "friends can get the COVID-19 vaccine now, and soon Elmo can too!”. Is it just me,", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00010-00006464-00006895": "or does Sesame Street have some sort of relationship with CNN?", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00011-00006895-00007431": "And here’s another from 43-year-old Oscar the Grouch, “Well this stinks. Apparently,", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00012-00007431-00008016": "the COVID-19 vaccines won’t make you feel grouchy at all! That's what @KizzyPhD said at", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00013-00008016-00008632": "today's town hall, anyway. You might get a sore arm and feel tired, so at least there’s that”.", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00014-00008632-00009058": "And Grover, “Super Grover may have many special superpowers,", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00015-00009058-00009592": "but he also knows when to ask a friend for help! Thank you @KizzyPhD for teaching us", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00016-00009592-00010048": "aaaaall about COVID-19 vaccines at the town hall today!”", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00017-00010048-00010360": "And here’s a few more tweets I “uncovered”.", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00018-00010360-00010768": "Bert and Ernie, “Although we’ve been living together since 1969,", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00019-00010768-00011472": "we only realised we were gay in 2018!”. Count von Count, “I love to count!", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00020-00011472-00012168": "My new favorite thing to count is the number of booster shots I’ve had!”.", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00021-00012168-00012464": "Cookie Monster, “Me love cookies, but you know", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00022-00012464-00013176": "what me like better than cookies? Pfizer shots!”. Snuffleupagus, “Aww boy, although it’s only 2017,", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00023-00013176-00013640": "I wish there was some way that a big company could come up with a way to convince me to stick needles", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00024-00013640-00014079": "in my trunk every six months…” And finally, Kermit the Frog,", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00025-00014079-00014632": "“As the weather gets colder, even we cold-blooded amphibians need to get vaccinated. It's not easy", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00026-00014632-00015216": "bein' green, but it's even worse dying from COVID! Get vaccinated kids, or you’ll die!”.", "jPFYN5PYfh8-00027-00015216-00015654": "And that’s Sesame Street propaganda in a nutshell. I hope you enjoyed it! See ya!"}}, {"audio_id": "jPGqdaH8mny", "text": {"jPGqdaH8mny-00000-00000016-00000312": "hey everyone today we are playing weird gravity but we're not", "jPGqdaH8mny-00001-00000368-00000936": "like i'm going to show you how to find the trophy room it's like really hidden somewhere and like", "jPGqdaH8mny-00002-00001064-00001816": "it's like really it's kind of it's hard to find and um so yeah uh i don't know why i create a", "jPGqdaH8mny-00003-00001816-00002304": "private server i created it because like um people would bother me they would just bother me", "jPGqdaH8mny-00004-00002400-00003048": "so then i just made a private server well it was free anyways so i'm i'm going to show you", "jPGqdaH8mny-00005-00003048-00003688": "how to get the trophy room so you got to reset uh you got to get to that all the way up there", "jPGqdaH8mny-00006-00003944-00004264": "all right you're already up here uh-huh all right", "jPGqdaH8mny-00007-00004264-00004880": "and then you go here uh i already got the badge it should show you how you got the trophy room", "jPGqdaH8mny-00008-00004944-00005520": "but it doesn't show me because i already got it so that's why i open i and i'm weird", "jPGqdaH8mny-00009-00005736-00005784": "bye-bye", "jPGqdaH8mny-00010-00006064-00006952": "i'm dead so um that's how you can get the secret room it was that easy so uh thanks for watching"}}, {"audio_id": "jQ520g-neC8", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "jQ81-ZBDaN4", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "jQr_ow7P_Kc", "text": {"jQr_ow7P_Kc-00000-00000000-00000133": "Produced by ReSermon.com", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00001-00000133-00000696": "Please Open Your Bible To Jeremiah 52: 6. We've got a parallel from 2 Kings", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00002-00000696-00001186": "25: 3. Jeremiah's story says this. Verse 6.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00003-00001209-00002249": "On the ninth day of the fourth month, Now that would be the end of June in 587 BC, that we're talking about here.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00004-00002301-00002946": "It is the end of the siege of Jerusalem by the Babylonians.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00005-00003160-00003646": "The famine was so severe in the city that there was no food for the people of the land.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00006-00003670-00004506": "So there's nothing left, they are digging through trash, chewing on bits of leather,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00007-00004510-00005221": "trying to find something of nutritional value. And this is exactly what was prophesied would happen.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00008-00005361-00006023": "Remember that Ezekiel went through a period of time where he ate starvation rations,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00009-00006081-00006874": "or bare subsistence rations that he was cooking over manure in order to up to have something to eat.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00010-00006900-00007797": "And am his prophetic pantomime was demonstrating that it would be even worse for the people in Jerusalem", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00011-00007800-00008358": "when the siege was coming to a close. Verse 7.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00012-00008463-00008743": "Then a breach was made in the city,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00013-00008745-00009865": "So the battering rams finally knock enough blocks apart from one another that the walls began to cave,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00014-00009929-00010778": "allowing for soldiers of Babylon to make their way into the city. And so when they saw that there was happening,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00015-00010778-00010997": "Verse 7 Continued: all the men of war fled", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00016-00011048-00011724": "and went out from the city by night by the way of a gate between the two walls, by the king's garden,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00017-00011724-00012057": "and the Chaldeans were around the city.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00018-00012101-00012679": "So what happens is, there's already a plan for evacuation in mind for the king", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00019-00012682-00013091": "and his inner circle for his security forces,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00020-00013123-00013996": "that the moment that they realize the Babylonians are going to come into the city by force, in the middle of the night,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00021-00013996-00015111": "King Zedekiah is going to be snuck out of a little access point on the eastern side of this administrative government", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00022-00015114-00015182": "complex.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00023-00015192-00015471": "We're talking about into the Kidron Valley,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00024-00015519-00016379": "somewhere not too far away from the modern southeast corner of the Temple Mount.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00025-00016395-00017080": "So somewhere in that little valley area, he's going to sneak out of a little access point in the wall.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00026-00017142-00017661": "And this was also predicted by the pantomime of the prophet Ezekiel.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00027-00017673-00018207": "You'll remember that in the middle of the night, he dug through a portion of a wall", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00028-00018234-00018689": "and took his things through the hole and escaped into the night,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00029-00018753-00019323": "and later was able to explain that that's what's going to happen with the King Zedekiah,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00030-00019416-00019948": "whenever the Babylonians take the city. Well, here it's actually happening.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00031-00019998-00020343": "And so they went in the direction of the Arabah.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00032-00020430-00021215": "The Arabah is the desert region along the Jordan valley and the Dead Sea valley.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00033-00021243-00021798": "So Zedekiah and his guys, they get out on that east side of the city of Jerusalem.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00034-00021810-00022428": "They make their way up and over the on the Mount of Olives,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00035-00022434-00023256": "and then eventually they dropped down into the Jordan valley, down on the plains of Jericho.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00036-00023359-00023592": "But they're not going to get away. Verse 8.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00037-00023632-00024358": "But the army of the Chaldeans pursued the king and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho, No doubt,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00038-00024379-00025420": "they had forces that were dedicated to going around the city under siege to see if there was any evidence of people", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00039-00025423-00026167": "trying to escape.. And so once they saw that, they tracked him down and they caught up with them down near Jericho [CM1]", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00040-00026194-00026538": "And all his army was scattered from him.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00041-00026560-00027406": "As soon as his security forces saw the approaching might of the Babylonian army, they were out of there.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00042-00027424-00027773": "They abandoned their king like a bad habit. Verse 9.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00043-00027773-00028771": "Then they captured the king and brought him up to the king of Babylon at Riblah in the land of Hamath,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00044-00028898-00031170": "So Nebuchadnezzar is not actually at the siege of Jerusalem because it was going to take a good long time., He remained up at his administration headquarters in Hamath, in which Riblah [CM2]", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00045-00031206-00032160": "is a couple hundred of miles north of Jerusalem, almost to the Euphrates river but not quite.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00046-00032214-00033218": "So once the king is captured, he is taken all the way up there and he passed sentence on him.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00047-00033270-00034248": "And you might remember that there was a prophecy made to Zedekiah, that “you will go to Babylon,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00048-00034250-00035060": "but you will never see it.” You remember that? Well here's how that prophecy comes to pass. Verse 10.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00049-00035101-00035608": "The king of Babylon slaughtered the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00050-00035626-00036631": "They were also in the entourage that was trying to escape. and Also slaughtered all the officials of Judah at Riblah.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00051-00036693-00037395": "So people that were in this leadership council that was trying to sneak out of the city at the last second.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00052-00037422-00038580": "They get captured and they are all killed in front of King Zedekiah. Verse 11.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00053-00038586-00039334": "He put out the eyes of Zedekiah, and bound him in chains, and the king of Babylon took him to Babylon,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00054-00039366-00040120": "and put him in prison till the day of his death. So exactly as was predicted.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00055-00040184-00041404": "He sees king of Babylon face to face – that was prophesied. He sees the deaths of his sons, his heirs.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00056-00041450-00042255": "He sees the deaths of his inner counsel. And then his eyes are burned out of his head.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00057-00042357-00042789": "And then he's taken to Babylon, so he goes to Babylon, but he never sees it.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00058-00042920-00044279": "He is kept in custody until he finally dies. Now his brother, Jehoiakim, is in exile up in Babylon.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00059-00044281-00045259": "He's kept under some sort of detainment, but he will eventually be released from that detainment.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00060-00045365-00046394": "Not so for king Zedekiah, because Jehoiakim actually surrendered as a young man to the king of Babylon,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00061-00046400-00047424": "as he was told to do by the prophecies of Jeremiah. And so one of these guys obeyed God and the other didn't.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00062-00047450-00047846": "And so one of them will be released from custody later.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00063-00047953-00049420": "At this point, Nebuchadnezzar sends his representative to finish up the punishment of this rebellious city.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00064-00049491-00049875": "And that is recorded, the part that I", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00065-00049875-00049975": "Want Us To Read, In 2 Kings 25: 8.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00066-00049975-00050075": "2 Kings 25: 8.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00067-00050565-00051534": "In the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month-- So, Zedekiah’s boys are dead by now, and he has been blinded", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00068-00051537-00052508": "and he has being transported Babylon. So, about a month after the siege breaks through the wall.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00069-00052648-00053396": "That was in the 19th year of King Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon—Nebuzaradan, the captain of the bodyguard,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00070-00053432-00053915": "a servant of the king of Babylon, came to Jerusalem.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00071-00053963-00054447": "So this guy arrives on the 7th day of the 5th month,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00072-00054473-00055184": "which means that we're talking about the tail end of July in 587 BC.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00073-00055321-00056525": "And he has been put here to carry out the task of dismantling whatever is of value at Jerusalem and taking it away", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00074-00056534-00057092": "and burning all the rest, destroying all the rest. Verse 9.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00075-00057092-00057975": "And he burned the house of the Lord and the king's house and all the houses of Jerusalem;", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00076-00057981-00058833": "every great house he burned down. Let's leave the King's passage and go back to Jeremiah.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00077-00058875-00059773": "Because I want to talk to you a little bit about the dating. We know that the servant arrived on the 7th day.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00078-00059904-00059988": "In Jeremiah", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00079-00059988-00060132": "52: 12 it says,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00080-00060132-00060876": "Jeremiah 52: 12. In the fifth month, on the tenth day of the month—that was the nineteenth year of King Nebuchadnezzar,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00081-00060882-00061635": "king of Babylon—Nebuzaradan the captain of the bodyguard, who served the king of Babylon, entered Jerusalem.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00082-00061635-00062193": "13 And he burned the house of the Lord, and the king's house and all the houses of Jerusalem;", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00083-00062202-00062777": "every great house he burned down. So we've got a couple of different dates here.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00084-00062831-00063532": "We've got an arrival date, the 7th, and the burning date, which is the 10th.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00085-00063652-00064410": "Now we have complications here, thanks to rabbinical traditions,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00086-00064444-00065385": "that have incorrectly identified the day of Jerusalem’s destruction as the 9th day of this 5th month,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00087-00065389-00066343": "the 9th day of the month, Ab. And I have no qualms in saying that those rabbis are wrong.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00088-00066512-00067202": "I don't know how they came to select the 9th day of the 5th month as the day that the burning happened,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00089-00067244-00068103": "but Josephus himself, in his wars of the Jews, book number 6,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00090-00068147-00069176": "when talking about the day of the destruction of the temple, he knew in AD 70, and he was an eyewitness,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00091-00069222-00069615": "so he knew exactly what day of the calendar it was. This", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00092-00069615-00070524": "Is What He Says: This is a sub section 249 in book number 6.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00093-00070616-00071285": "So “Titus, [that's the future emperor] retired into the tower of Antonia", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00094-00071285-00071335": "[that's the palace fortress complex to the northwest corner of the temple of the first century]", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00095-00072194-00072842": "and he resolved to storm the temple the next day, early in the morning, with his whole army", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00096-00072890-00074402": "and to encamp round about the holy house. But as for that house, God for certain long ago, doomed it to the fire., And now the fatal day was come, according to the revolution of ages.,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00097-00074402-00075619": "It was the 10th day of the month, Luz [or Ab] upon which it was formerly burnt by the king of Babylon.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00098-00075679-00076222": "And although these flames took their rise from the Jews themselves and was occasioned by them,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00099-00076270-00076984": "for upon Titus’s retiring, the seditious lay still for a little while and then attack the Romans again,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00100-00077008-00077572": "and then those that guarded the holy house fought with those that quenched the fire that was burning in the inner court", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00101-00077575-00077646": "of the temple.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00102-00077668-00078099": "But these Romans put the Jews to flight and proceeded as far as the holy house itself,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00103-00078127-00078701": "at which time one of the soldiers, without staying for any orders, without any concerned or dread upon him,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00104-00078727-00079231": "of such great an undertaking, being hurried by the certain divine fury,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00105-00079249-00079717": "snatched somewhat of the materials that were in the fire and being lifted up by another soldier,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00106-00079723-00080413": "he set fire to a golden window through which there was a passage to the rooms that around about the holy house on the", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00107-00080416-00081121": "north side of it, and as the flames went upward, the Jews made a clamor, such as so mighty affliction required,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00108-00081220-00081578": "and ran together to prevent it, and now they spared not their lives any longer,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00109-00081580-00082276": "nor suffered anything to restrain their force since the holy house was perishing for whose sake it was that they kept", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00110-00082279-00082612": "such a guard about it.” So, Josephus says,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00111-00082660-00083795": "“the fire that burned down the temple shrine building started on the 10th day of the 5th month of the Jewish year.”", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00112-00083936-00084721": "Just like, he says, the fire that burned down the temple [the first temple]", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00113-00084767-00085535": "on the 10th day of the 5th month of the Jewish year, and that's exactly what it says in Jeremiah 52 as well.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00114-00085559-00086210": "So this idea that the 9th of Ab is the anniversary of the burning of the temple is just flat out wrong.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00115-00086234-00086530": "It contradicts inspired scripture.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00116-00086534-00087381": "It contradicts older historical documents than the rabbinical documents that list the 9th day as the day.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00117-00087407-00087600": "Now, why am I making a big deal out of that?", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00118-00087644-00088253": "It's one of the reasons why I don't trust the rabbinical literature for historical information,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00119-00088351-00088680": "because it is often proved to be wrong.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00120-00088708-00089128": "So I don't recommend that you go to it as a historical source", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00121-00089134-00089773": "or even as a traditional source because we know it's often wrong in that as well.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00122-00089882-00090666": "All right, so let's get back to the Jeremiah passage which starts describing what happens next,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00123-00090668-00091568": "as the temple is burned down, and this commander, this representative of Nebuchadnezzar,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00124-00091643-00092273": "is carrying out his master's orders regarding the rebellious city of Jerusalem.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00125-00092297-00093287": "And keep in mind, God is the ultimate one that's causing all this to happen because of the sins, over generations", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00126-00093290-00094191": "and decades, of the Judean kingdom. So verse number 14 of Jeremiah, 52.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00127-00094191-00094258": "Jeremiah 52: 14.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00128-00094302-00095129": "All the army of the Chaldeans, who were with the captain of the guard, broke down all the walls around Jerusalem.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00129-00095187-00096006": "So they burn all the flammable houses, or portions of the houses that were flammable, in the city of Jerusalem,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00130-00096085-00096777": "and then they tear down the exterior wall of protection. Verse 15.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00131-00097290-00097938": "And Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away captive some of the poorest of the people", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00132-00098010-00098497": "and the rest of the people who were left in the city and the deserters who had deserted to the king of Babylon,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00133-00098499-00099303": "together with the rest of the artisans. Now that is a process that takes time. It didn't just all happen on one day.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00134-00099369-00100115": "We know from other passages that the people who surrendered", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00135-00100148-00101219": "and the people who were captured alive were taken to the city of Ramah, a few miles north of the city of Jerusalem,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00136-00101237-00101534": "and that became their internment camp.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00137-00101564-00103099": "That became their temporary quarters until they were processed and prepared for transport to Riblah,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00138-00103240-00103795": "where king Nebuchadnezzar has his administrative headquarters right now.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00139-00103878-00104598": "And then some of them will be killed because their rebellion,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00140-00104638-00105578": "their fighting against the Babylonians is considered to be treasonous, while others who cooperated by surrendering,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00141-00105643-00106197": "or others who were noncombatants, that were captured or even rescued,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00142-00106243-00107365": "they will be processed for relocation somewhere in the Babylonian empire. So they will be part of the exiled group.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00143-00107444-00108340": "And then there will be a small number that they will leave in the country of the of Judea, to work the land,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00144-00108392-00108992": "to pay the Babylonians with the produce of the land.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00145-00108992-00109656": "Jeremiah 52: 16.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00146-00109770-00110307": "But Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard left some of the poorest of the land to be vinedressers and plowmen.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00147-00110367-00111048": "Then we start talking about his dismantling of the useful material. Verse 17.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00148-00111048-00111699": "And the pillars of bronze that were in the house of the Lord, and the stands", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00149-00111705-00112224": "and the bronze sea that were in the house of the Lord, the Chaldeans broke in pieces,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00150-00112275-00113666": "and carried all the bronze to Babylon. So way back at the time of Solomon, he had experts in forming bronze.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00151-00113737-00114464": "Make these 2 great bronze pillars at the front of the temple shrine.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00152-00114466-00116194": "Building these pillars stood under the great big, tall tower at the front of the temple building.. Those pillars were called Jachin and Boaz [CM3] Their names form a sentence in Hebrew,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00153-00116230-00117187": "“He shall establish in strength.” And it was between these pillars that the kings of Israel took their oaths of", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00154-00117190-00118439": "office. While those pillars are now being cut up into pieces to be sent to Babylon, where they will be then repurposed.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00155-00118560-00119440": "The water stands and the great big bronze basin, the great big bronze see, the water tank,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00156-00119484-00120706": "that was used around the shrine building, those are being cut up and transported in smaller pieces, back to Babylon,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00157-00120708-00121398": "where they will be probably melted down and used for whatever it is that the Babylonians want them.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00158-00121422-00122316": "Now you might wonder, “well, what about those full sized bronze bulls that the water tank used to sit on the top of?", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00159-00122316-00123284": "” Those disappeared a long time ago. Those were actually taken during the time of the Assyrians. Verse 18.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00160-00123284-00124009": "And they took away the pots and the shovels and the snuffers and the basins and the dishes for incense", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00161-00124054-00124804": "and all the vessels of bronze used in the temple service; 19 also the small bowls and the fire pans and the basins", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00162-00124807-00125383": "and the pots and the lampstands and the dishes for incense and the bowls for drink offerings.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00163-00125443-00125824": "So these things were used in temple worship temple services.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00164-00125824-00126326": "Well, the temple is going to be totally torn down, it's going to be gone. It's going to be erased.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00165-00126358-00127317": "So these things have no purpose at Jerusalem anymore. And so they're going to be taken away as well. Verse 19b-20.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00166-00127354-00128173": "What was of gold the captain of the guard took away as gold, and what was of silver, as silver.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00167-00128173-00128756": "20 As for the two pillars, the one sea, the twelve bronze bulls that were under the sea, [a] and the stands,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00168-00128758-00129418": "which Solomon the king had made for the house of the Lord, the bronze of all these things was beyond weight.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00169-00129454-00130223": "Now, as I’ve already said, the bronze bulls had already disappeared, but their weight was known,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00170-00130276-00130402": "that was all in the records.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00171-00130420-00131345": "And so that all gets entered into the records of things removed or accounted for by the Babylonians.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00172-00131401-00132089": "As for the pillars, the height of one pillar was 18 cubits. It's circumference was 12 cubits.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00173-00132089-00132405": "It’s thickness was 4 fingers, and it was hollow.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00174-00132405-00132805": "It had had a capital of bronze, the height of one capital was 5 cubits.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00175-00132817-00133363": "We talked about the sizes of all these things, way back when we were talking about building the temple.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00176-00133399-00134113": "And so what happens is, before they're cut up, before they're removed, they're measured", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00177-00134188-00134756": "and accounted for against probably Jewish records, to make sure that everything", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00178-00134756-00135685": "Is There. 2 Kings 25: 22 is next,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00179-00135705-00137043": "which go through a lot of the things we're just talking about until finally we get down to this account in verse number", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00180-00137043-00137214": "22. 2 Kings 25: 22.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00181-00137214-00137881": "And over the people who remained in the land of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had left,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00182-00137899-00138604": "he appointed Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan, governor.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00183-00138838-00140078": "So as he is resolving this rebellious city, this rebellious country, King Nebuchadnezzar, or his representative,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00184-00140078-00140987": "Nebuzaradan, takes one Israeli person, one Jewish person, who has capability,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00185-00141027-00141357": "who seems to be willing to cooperate with the Jews,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00186-00141424-00142239": "and declares that he's going to be the new Babylonian governor of the Jewish region,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00187-00142267-00142939": "and over all of the Jews that are going to remain in place. So Gedaliah is a", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00188-00142939-00143039": "New Name For Us To Know Well. Jeremiah Chapter 39: 11.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00189-00143039-00144215": "Jeremiah 39: 11.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00190-00144461-00145431": "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon gave command concerning Jeremiah through Nebuzaradan, the captain of the guard, saying,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00191-00145474-00146374": "So this is instruction given by king Nebuchadnezzar to Nebuzaradan before he heads south to Jerusalem,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00192-00146504-00147391": "and he's going to carry it out in the 5th month, as he's taking things apart and burning the city down to the ground.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00193-00147476-00147692": "Here's his instruction, verse 12.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00194-00147800-00148229": "It's the instruction about how to deal with Jeremiah the prophet, because of Nebuchadnezzar,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00195-00148262-00148427": "knows about Jeremiah the prophet.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00196-00148463-00149213": "He's had reports about him and he knows the Jeremiah’s been working for 40 years, trying to tell the people that", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00197-00149216-00150024": "when the Babylonians come, you need to surrender. So from Nebuchadnezzar’s viewpoint, Jeremiah is a good guy.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00198-00150085-00150976": "He is a true prophet because he predicted that this would all happen. So he wants him tracked down and treated well.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00199-00151132-00152064": "“Take him, look after him well, and do him no harm, but deal with him as he tells you.” So,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00200-00152064-00153212": "Nebuzaradan’s order is once you find Jeremiah the prophet, you make sure he's good and healthy and safe and secure", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00201-00153236-00153713": "and then whatever he wants to do, you help him get it done. Verse 13.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00202-00153768-00154489": "So Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard, Nebushazban the Rab-saris [these are military titles, some of them]", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00203-00154489-00155334": "Nergal-sar-ezer the Rab-mag, and all the chief officers of the king of Babylon 14 sent", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00204-00155334-00155678": "and took Jeremiah from the court of the guard. They sent and took Jeremiah from the court of the guard.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00205-00155694-00156067": "So now they've got control of the city. They've got control of the palace.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00206-00156069-00156462": "They also have control of the prison, where Jeremiah is located.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00207-00156498-00157161": "And so they find him among the prisoners and they took him out and then they did this. Verse 14b.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00208-00157221-00158034": "They entrusted him to Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan, that he should take him home.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00209-00158076-00158362": "So he lived among the people.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00210-00158423-00159907": "So they rescue him and they put him in the custody of the new governor of the Jewish people under Babylonian control.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00211-00159939-00161361": "And the next part of the story is how Jeremiah, kind of travels in this process, with Gedaliah, up to Ramah,", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00212-00161463-00162471": "which is kind of the encampment where all of the people taken out of the city of Jerusalem are being sorted through.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00213-00162633-00163590": "It's the administrative encampment nearest Jerusalem. So tomorrow we'll talk about Jeremiah at Ramah.", "jQr_ow7P_Kc-00214-00163757-00163807": "Produced by ReSermon.com"}}, {"audio_id": "jQekB54LQPc", "text": {"jQekB54LQPc-00000-00002170-00002574": "Thank you so much for having me out. I really appreciate the opportunity to come to speak", "jQekB54LQPc-00001-00002574-00003032": "with you. I'm sorry I didn't get a chance to get to all the tables, but I'll tell you", "jQekB54LQPc-00002-00003032-00003578": "the other table was pretty lively so hopefully some of our conversations touched a little", "jQekB54LQPc-00003-00003578-00004490": "bit from each. As I mentioned earlier, poverty is such a pervasive plague in our society.", "jQekB54LQPc-00004-00004490-00005162": "In ways that are obvious and also ways that are hidden. The Green Party I think has a", "jQekB54LQPc-00005-00005162-00005906": "pretty holistic approach to how we might address poverty. One lady over there in the red shirt,", "jQekB54LQPc-00006-00005906-00006502": "I forget your name, I'm sorry, she questioned, struck up the question about our policy on", "jQekB54LQPc-00007-00006503-00007278": "guaranteed annual income, and we feel like this is a way to give people the resources", "jQekB54LQPc-00008-00007278-00007898": "and restore their dignity to be functioning members in society. Costs for like a homeless", "jQekB54LQPc-00009-00007898-00008596": "person and like police calls, emergency room visits, incarceration and things like that,", "jQekB54LQPc-00010-00008596-00009164": "it's much more cost effective to put the money in front so that people can provide for themselves", "jQekB54LQPc-00011-00009164-00009647": "in a much more effective manner and then they're spending that money in the local community,", "jQekB54LQPc-00012-00009647-00010129": "which generates jobs, keeps wealth in the community, and we're not seeing that in the", "jQekB54LQPc-00013-00010130-00010718": "tax cuts to the big corporations that we are being kept in believing that that's going", "jQekB54LQPc-00014-00010718-00011254": "to create jobs. If that were the case, we wouldn't have a job crisis in this province.", "jQekB54LQPc-00015-00011254-00011694": "I would love to talk to anyone else who wants to have a chat. I did drop some cards at the", "jQekB54LQPc-00016-00011695-00012218": "back table, very neatly if you want to come talk to me about these issues I'd be happy", "jQekB54LQPc-00017-00012218-00012482": "to speak with you. Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "jQKmi2b9x3c", "text": {"jQKmi2b9x3c-00000-00000000-00000200": "Should You Pray To God Sadhguru’s Eye-opening Answer"}}, {"audio_id": "jRgpaaMXSxc", "text": {"jRgpaaMXSxc-00000-00004403-00004600": "kavi sammelan"}}, {"audio_id": "jRwep1repVA", "text": {"jRwep1repVA-00000-00000136-00000392": "this is a test this station is conducting a test", "jRwep1repVA-00001-00000392-00001592": "of the emergency broadcast system this is only a test", "jRwep1repVA-00002-00003464-00003911": "this is a test of the emergency broadcast system the broadcasters of your area in", "jRwep1repVA-00003-00003911-00004344": "voluntary cooperation with federal state and local authorities have developed this system to keep you", "jRwep1repVA-00004-00004344-00004816": "informed in the event of an emergency if this had been an actual emergency the attention signal you", "jRwep1repVA-00005-00004816-00005320": "just heard would have been followed by official information news or instructions this station", "jRwep1repVA-00006-00005320-00006008": "serves the stockton sacramento area this concludes this test of the emergency broadcast system"}}, {"audio_id": "jS7DnPrNE6I", "text": {"jS7DnPrNE6I-00000-00000150-00000308": "All right, so maybe this is not so hard.", "jS7DnPrNE6I-00001-00000449-00000739": "At point IV, car is traveling northeast.", "jS7DnPrNE6I-00002-00000844-00000956": "Any questions about that?", "jS7DnPrNE6I-00003-00001181-00001424": "Okay, now for the hard one.", "jS7DnPrNE6I-00004-00001424-00001684": "Oops, back again.", "jS7DnPrNE6I-00005-00001684-00002392": "What's the direction of the change in velocity at point IV?", "jS7DnPrNE6I-00006-00002392-00002873": "How was the velocity changing exactly at point IV?", "jS7DnPrNE6I-00007-00002873-00003198": "So, so for the delta v, if you really want to calculate a delta,", "jS7DnPrNE6I-00008-00003198-00003677": "you'll have to find pick a velocity vector just below or before point IV, and", "jS7DnPrNE6I-00009-00003677-00003961": "pick one just after point IV.", "jS7DnPrNE6I-00010-00003961-00004374": "And call the one before initial, and the other one final, and then subtra,", "jS7DnPrNE6I-00011-00004374-00004472": "subtract those.", "jS7DnPrNE6I-00012-00004609-00005099": "Or you can remember what we learned by things going around in a circle.", "jS7DnPrNE6I-00013-00005218-00005672": "Or you can do that subtraction and take the limit as Delta t goes to 0,", "jS7DnPrNE6I-00014-00005672-00006131": "which is really what we're asking for when I say at point IV.", "jS7DnPrNE6I-00015-00006131-00006214": "But, still."}}, {"audio_id": "jSp3z9l6HLg", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "jS-9PO2JU58", "text": {"jS-9PO2JU58-00000-00000075-00000300": "Craig Chavis Jr.: Hey, what's good YouTube. My name is Craig.", "jS-9PO2JU58-00001-00000309-00000603": "And in this video, I am sharing some of the most important", "jS-9PO2JU58-00002-00000603-00001068": "questions that all entrepreneurs should ask themselves before", "jS-9PO2JU58-00003-00001068-00001512": "pursuing any business venture. This video will help you to", "jS-9PO2JU58-00004-00001515-00001962": "qualify your entrepreneurial abilities, eliminate some bad", "jS-9PO2JU58-00005-00001964-00002373": "business ideas, and also help you to better solve the right", "jS-9PO2JU58-00006-00002373-00002751": "problems for the right customers. And by watching this", "jS-9PO2JU58-00007-00002751-00003090": "video, you will be better positioned to find product", "jS-9PO2JU58-00008-00003090-00003515": "market fit, and ultimately set your business up for success.", "jS-9PO2JU58-00009-00004223-00004829": "Am I the right person, in the right position, to solve the", "jS-9PO2JU58-00010-00004829-00005522": "right problem, for the right people? One more time, am I the", "jS-9PO2JU58-00011-00005522-00005924": "right person, in the right position, to solve the right", "jS-9PO2JU58-00012-00005924-00006638": "problem for the right people? Now those simple four questions", "jS-9PO2JU58-00013-00006665-00007265": "are crucial for helping you to achieve product-market-fit. And", "jS-9PO2JU58-00014-00007265-00007703": "without product-market-fit, you can be guaranteed to fail within", "jS-9PO2JU58-00015-00007703-00008105": "your entrepreneurial journey. So to kind of backtrack a little", "jS-9PO2JU58-00016-00008105-00008540": "bit, let me just give you the brief and succinct definition of", "jS-9PO2JU58-00017-00008540-00008990": "what product-market-fit is. And product-market-fit can simply be", "jS-9PO2JU58-00018-00008990-00009581": "defined as the degree to which a business satisfies a strong", "jS-9PO2JU58-00019-00009587-00010097": "market demand. And so what does that mean? So basically, when", "jS-9PO2JU58-00020-00010097-00010466": "you've achieved product-market-fit, not only are", "jS-9PO2JU58-00021-00010466-00010853": "you making your customers happy, but you're actually going to be", "jS-9PO2JU58-00022-00010853-00011444": "positioned to generate revenue over long periods of time. And", "jS-9PO2JU58-00023-00011444-00012020": "according to Marc Andreessen, not having product market fit is", "jS-9PO2JU58-00024-00012020-00012593": "basically the number one reason why most businesses fail. And", "jS-9PO2JU58-00025-00012614-00012908": "that's why I go back to that question, or those four", "jS-9PO2JU58-00026-00012908-00013430": "questions. Am I the right person, in the right position,", "jS-9PO2JU58-00027-00013472-00014081": "to solve the right problem for the right people? And yourself", "jS-9PO2JU58-00028-00014084-00014519": "as an entrepreneur, your position in the market, the", "jS-9PO2JU58-00029-00014519-00014855": "problem that you're solving, and the customers that you're", "jS-9PO2JU58-00030-00014855-00015236": "seeking to solve that problem for - are the four elements that", "jS-9PO2JU58-00031-00015236-00015677": "pretty much make up product-market-fit. So let me", "jS-9PO2JU58-00032-00015677-00016031": "break those down a little bit more. Answering the first", "jS-9PO2JU58-00033-00016031-00016577": "question, am I the right person helps you to better understand", "jS-9PO2JU58-00034-00016598-00016976": "your qualifications as an entrepreneur to solve whatever", "jS-9PO2JU58-00035-00016976-00017492": "problem that your customers are having. You see, when investors", "jS-9PO2JU58-00036-00017495-00017903": "are looking at entrepreneurs, they want to have credibility", "jS-9PO2JU58-00037-00017903-00018332": "and assurance that you are capable of leading this business", "jS-9PO2JU58-00038-00018332-00018710": "to success. Essentially, investors are looking for", "jS-9PO2JU58-00039-00018713-00019271": "mastery in the area of business that you seek to work within.", "jS-9PO2JU58-00040-00019313-00019793": "And so if you're not qualified to actually solve the problems", "jS-9PO2JU58-00041-00019793-00020279": "for your customers, then you're automatically going to be out of", "jS-9PO2JU58-00042-00020279-00020603": "position to achieve product-market-fit and solve the", "jS-9PO2JU58-00043-00020603-00021056": "right problems for your customers. So my advice here is", "jS-9PO2JU58-00044-00021056-00021347": "that when you're asking this question, am I the right person?", "jS-9PO2JU58-00045-00021377-00021656": "Essentially, you want to do a deep dive and analysis on", "jS-9PO2JU58-00046-00021656-00022100": "yourself to basically figure out, am I qualified? Or do I", "jS-9PO2JU58-00047-00022100-00022529": "have the right skills to move forward and solve a specific", "jS-9PO2JU58-00048-00022529-00022847": "problem for my customers? Or basically, do I have any", "jS-9PO2JU58-00049-00022847-00023372": "experience in this business that I seek to basically initiate", "jS-9PO2JU58-00050-00023480-00023903": "moving forward to question number 2 - am I in the right", "jS-9PO2JU58-00051-00023903-00024446": "position? So to better break this down, I read a really", "jS-9PO2JU58-00052-00024452-00024923": "intriguing article about how business is like surfing. And so", "jS-9PO2JU58-00053-00024923-00025388": "the general gist of this article is that the best surfers are the", "jS-9PO2JU58-00054-00025388-00025850": "people who number one paddle the hardest, but to is that they put", "jS-9PO2JU58-00055-00025850-00026372": "themselves in the right position to catch the right wave. And so", "jS-9PO2JU58-00056-00026375-00026702": "essentially what I'm talking about, are you in the right", "jS-9PO2JU58-00057-00026702-00027155": "position? like is this the right timing? Is this the right", "jS-9PO2JU58-00058-00027218-00027737": "opportune moment to go out in the world and initiate this", "jS-9PO2JU58-00059-00027737-00028241": "business? So by figuring out essentially, that you're", "jS-9PO2JU58-00060-00028241-00028639": "qualified to solve this problem, you also want to understand", "jS-9PO2JU58-00061-00028639-00029089": "like, how can you best into the market at the right timing in", "jS-9PO2JU58-00062-00029089-00029582": "the right way to begin to solve problems for your customers. So", "jS-9PO2JU58-00063-00029582-00029933": "if you just go back to that analogy about surfing, you want", "jS-9PO2JU58-00064-00029933-00030401": "to paddle out into the market and study the waves, which is", "jS-9PO2JU58-00065-00030401-00030860": "the market demand and position yourself based upon your", "jS-9PO2JU58-00066-00030860-00031292": "understanding of the market forces to initiate your business", "jS-9PO2JU58-00067-00031313-00031795": "to capture that wave or that market demand. Moving on to", "jS-9PO2JU58-00068-00031795-00032308": "question 3 - am, I solving the right problem? This essentially", "jS-9PO2JU58-00069-00032308-00032732": "talks about one's understanding of the behaviors that are", "jS-9PO2JU58-00070-00032732-00033221": "causing your customers to work in a certain way. See, when it", "jS-9PO2JU58-00071-00033221-00033668": "comes to customer discovery, understanding the why behind", "jS-9PO2JU58-00072-00033671-00033911": "your customers purchasing decisions,", "jS-9PO2JU58-00073-00033936-00034224": "it's probably one of the number one things that most", "jS-9PO2JU58-00074-00034224-00034797": "entrepreneurs overlook. You see, in life, people are motivated by", "jS-9PO2JU58-00075-00034797-00035328": "one of two things, either pain, or pleasure, like to avoid pain,", "jS-9PO2JU58-00076-00035355-00035901": "and to gain more pleasure. And in business, those pains and", "jS-9PO2JU58-00077-00035901-00036285": "those pleasure moments are basically the stimuli that are", "jS-9PO2JU58-00078-00036285-00036759": "going to cause your customers to purchase a product or service.", "jS-9PO2JU58-00079-00036795-00037281": "And so typically, you want to look at the pains that your", "jS-9PO2JU58-00080-00037281-00037686": "customers are facing. And so these pains are essentially the", "jS-9PO2JU58-00081-00037686-00038097": "problems. But with the correct entrepreneurial mindset, you're", "jS-9PO2JU58-00082-00038097-00038430": "going to understand that these problems are actually", "jS-9PO2JU58-00083-00038433-00038739": "opportunities. And so essentially, once you have a", "jS-9PO2JU58-00084-00038739-00039177": "deep understanding behind your customers, pains, or problems,", "jS-9PO2JU58-00085-00039198-00039582": "you can concoct the right solution, or the right business", "jS-9PO2JU58-00086-00039588-00040035": "to solve that problem for your customers. And last but not", "jS-9PO2JU58-00087-00040035-00040518": "least, the fourth question for the right people? This", "jS-9PO2JU58-00088-00040518-00041058": "essentially is talking about the ideal customer persona that", "jS-9PO2JU58-00089-00041058-00041493": "you're going to be targeting. And so in business, like there's", "jS-9PO2JU58-00090-00041493-00042024": "going to be multiple types of customers that may need or want", "jS-9PO2JU58-00091-00042027-00042357": "the product or service that you're offering. But at the end", "jS-9PO2JU58-00092-00042357-00042768": "of the day, there will be a target persona, or target", "jS-9PO2JU58-00093-00042768-00043245": "customer that may potentially drive the bulk of your business.", "jS-9PO2JU58-00094-00043284-00043743": "And so with that in mind, you want to really do a deep dive", "jS-9PO2JU58-00095-00043767-00044208": "within your customer discovery to target this ideal customer", "jS-9PO2JU58-00096-00044208-00044697": "persona. Because this is like basically essentially the Pareto", "jS-9PO2JU58-00097-00044697-00045051": "principle broken down. The Pareto principle is essentially", "jS-9PO2JU58-00098-00045051-00045507": "the 8020 rule, that 80% of anything comes from 20% of", "jS-9PO2JU58-00099-00045507-00046059": "something. And so by identifying your target customers, and", "jS-9PO2JU58-00100-00046062-00046521": "understanding them at a deep minute level, understanding all", "jS-9PO2JU58-00101-00046521-00046902": "their pains, all their problems, you could focus on becoming the", "jS-9PO2JU58-00102-00046902-00047295": "number one problem solver for this individual was essentially", "jS-9PO2JU58-00103-00047295-00047739": "will give you a monopoly with this customer, which will help", "jS-9PO2JU58-00104-00047739-00048255": "you to achieve more sales and ultimately accomplish your goal", "jS-9PO2JU58-00105-00048276-00048798": "of finding product-market-fit. In sum,  when you're the right", "jS-9PO2JU58-00106-00048798-00049236": "person in the right position to solve the right problems for the", "jS-9PO2JU58-00107-00049236-00049548": "right people, you will drastically increase your", "jS-9PO2JU58-00108-00049548-00050034": "chances of finding product market-fit and building a", "jS-9PO2JU58-00109-00050034-00050361": "business that will not only be profitable, but you'll also", "jS-9PO2JU58-00110-00050361-00050820": "build a business that will endure over the long term. So", "jS-9PO2JU58-00111-00050823-00051189": "before you decide to pursue any business venture, make sure you", "jS-9PO2JU58-00112-00051189-00051615": "ask yourself, Am I the right person, and the right position", "jS-9PO2JU58-00113-00051636-00052176": "to solve the right problem for the right people. So my question", "jS-9PO2JU58-00114-00052176-00052644": "for you today is why do you think most entrepreneurs fail to", "jS-9PO2JU58-00115-00052644-00053145": "find product-market-fit? Let me know your thoughts and drop your", "jS-9PO2JU58-00116-00053145-00053607": "comments below. Thanks for watching this video. If you want", "jS-9PO2JU58-00117-00053607-00053898": "to become the entrepreneur of your life. You can start this", "jS-9PO2JU58-00118-00053898-00054270": "process today by subscribing to my channel. Also, be sure to", "jS-9PO2JU58-00119-00054270-00054603": "click the notification bell to be alerted whenever new content", "jS-9PO2JU58-00120-00054603-00054825": "drops. Until next time"}}, {"audio_id": "jSMpRrvzfxM", "text": {"jSMpRrvzfxM-00000-00000153-00000556": "And this slide here puts in writing... or in sliding,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00001-00000556-00000766": "or whatever you want to call this particular", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00002-00000766-00001163": "presentation, the point I've made that clustering,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00003-00001163-00001393": "the way it's often presented, is actually", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00004-00001393-00001703": "trying to find clusters, namely groups of points", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00005-00001703-00001943": "which are clearly separated, and then you", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00006-00001943-00002296": "want to actually identify those clusters.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00007-00002296-00002693": "However, another important use of clustering is  in classifying.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00008-00002693-00003016": "And when you use clustering for classifying,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00009-00003016-00003376": "you're just trying to find a compact set of", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00010-00003376-00003796": "sub-regions so that when you find that", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00011-00003796-00004083": "the point is in a sub-region, you know that", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00012-00004083-00004369": "the other points in that sub-region are near it.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00013-00004370-00004606": "And that's a classification problem.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00014-00004606-00004899": "And it doesn't matter... that particular use of", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00015-00004900-00005090": "clustering, doesn't really matter whether you get", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00016-00005090-00005366": "different clusters when you do it different ways,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00017-00005366-00005739": "cuz all we're trying... we're not trying to...", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00018-00005740-00006093": "identify the unique clusters, we're just trying to", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00019-00006093-00006369": "find geometrically compact sub-regions,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00020-00006370-00006559": "and that can clearly be done in many ways,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00021-00006559-00006896": "as in fact we showed in the 1000 points,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00022-00006896-00007306": "which had different ways of dividing into three  clusters,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00023-00007306-00007713": "which were quite different globally, but they all  satisfied", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00024-00007713-00008206": "the criteria of having three compact sub-regions.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00025-00008206-00008453": "There are other technologies here called", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00026-00008453-00008719": "latent factors and mixture models", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00027-00008720-00009053": "which have the same type of classification goal.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00028-00009053-00009289": "[pause]", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00029-00009290-00009483": "They're related to the clustering algorithms,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00030-00009483-00009793": "they're mathematically pretty similar, and in fact", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00031-00009793-00010093": "both of them can use annealing if you wanted to.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00032-00010093-00010553": "And the latent factor methods are used by", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00033-00010553-00010973": "GoogleNews to group... at least I think they  claim", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00034-00010973-00011339": "to be used by GoogleNews in some place I read", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00035-00011340-00011830": "to group articles together which form a common  topic.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00036-00011830-00012066": "Another point I wanted to make about clustering,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00037-00012066-00012636": "which we'll actually illustrate very soon is that...", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00038-00012636-00012836": "we have for clustering...", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00039-00012836-00013026": "[pause]", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00040-00013026-00013246": "two major types... well, maybe a little more than two,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00041-00013246-00013449": "but at least two important major types,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00042-00013450-00013703": "those that work in real vector spaces", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00043-00013703-00013959": "where your points are actual vectors,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00044-00013960-00014163": "and those where the points are not vectors.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00045-00014163-00014439": "Now you remember in the case of item-based", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00046-00014440-00014756": "collaborative filtering or user-based collaborative  filtering,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00047-00014756-00015026": "I pointed out that those spaces are not really", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00048-00015026-00015369": "vector spaces cuz you only know some of the  components.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00049-00015369-00015586": "Those are examples of spaces where you can", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00050-00015586-00015843": "define a distance but you can't really define", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00051-00015843-00016036": "vectors that you can add. Cuz when you want...", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00052-00016036-00016199": "when you have a vector space you can add", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00053-00016200-00016393": "vectors together, in fact, that's how I found", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00054-00016393-00016643": "the center of the cluster, was to add", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00055-00016643-00016966": "the vectors together and divide by the number of  points.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00056-00016966-00017259": "That does not work unless you have real vectors", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00057-00017260-00017736": "with explicit components in all dimensions.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00058-00017736-00017996": "So there's a very important set of problems,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00059-00017996-00018266": "which are actually probably the dominant  problems", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00060-00018266-00018629": "used in e-commerce and lifestyle informatics,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00061-00018630-00019070": "where the spaces involved do not have", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00062-00019070-00019293": "proper vectors, but they do have metrics.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00063-00019293-00019523": "[pause]", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00064-00019523-00019823": "So now we do some examples just to show you", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00065-00019823-00020099": "the different kinds of clusterings you can see.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00066-00020100-00020390": "The first is from mass spectrometry", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00067-00020390-00020643": "and then... where there are actual peaks cuz", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00068-00020643-00020906": "those are two-dimensional vectors, and so", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00069-00020906-00021189": "the mass spectrometer peaks, and those...", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00070-00021190-00021626": "they have real clusters, and they're clearly  separated,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00071-00021626-00021883": "and there's genomics where they're also  separated,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00072-00021883-00022126": "but they're not in two dimensions.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00073-00022126-00022509": "And so that's a case where... you need to use...", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00074-00022510-00022716": "actually, you can't use K-means cuz K-means", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00075-00022716-00022953": "only works if there's a vector space.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00076-00022953-00023566": "And I have a PlotViz for the genomics example.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00077-00023566-00023969": "Here's the example of the peaks. Each of these", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00078-00023970-00024310": "little points here is a mass spectrometry peak,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00079-00024310-00024716": "and... they're actually so-called sponge peaks,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00080-00024716-00024903": "those are the case of isolated peaks where", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00081-00024903-00025256": "there's just one point. Those are these little  triangles.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00082-00025256-00025583": "[pause]", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00083-00025583-00025963": "Here we have actual clusters, and the clusters", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00084-00025963-00026306": "have centers which are these triangles.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00085-00026306-00026643": "And if you look at this case here, you can see  that...", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00086-00026643-00026869": "[pause]", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00087-00026870-00027446": "this data... is... these clusters are actually  separated.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00088-00027446-00027773": "They're a bit ambiguous, like these points here.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00089-00027773-00027996": "Whether they belong to that cluster or that  cluster", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00090-00027996-00028289": "is not so easy, cuz they're sort of unclear.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00091-00028289-00028443": "Probably they belong to this cluster,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00092-00028443-00028796": "but the algorithm assigned them to this cluster.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00093-00028796-00029043": "That's often true in clustering, there are bound to  be", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00094-00029043-00029379": "ambiguous points which are at the edges of", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00095-00029380-00029580": "two clusters, and whether you... which cluster", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00096-00029580-00029946": "you assign them to is not well defined.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00097-00029946-00030163": "[pause]", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00098-00030163-00030469": "It will not make huge differences if you analyze", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00099-00030470-00030789": "the data carefully later on, but it has to be [unknown].", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00100-00030789-00031080": "This is the original clustering application,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00101-00031080-00031346": "we have a whole bunch of clusters which are", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00102-00031346-00031723": "clearly separated. And with a little bit of ambiguity", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00103-00031723-00032056": "here or in here where clusters are near each  other.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00104-00032056-00032293": "[pause]", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00105-00032293-00032579": "So that's two-dimensional vector, and this is", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00106-00032580-00032876": "using this deterministic annealing-based", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00107-00032876-00033236": "enhancement over K-means. And this particular", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00108-00033236-00033633": "data sample had around 30,000 clusters in all,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00109-00033633-00033856": "so this is a tiny sample of the space.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00110-00033856-00034259": "Now we come to the... some metagenomics examples.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00111-00034260-00034510": "These are genomics sequences where you can", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00112-00034510-00034730": "define the distance between the sequences,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00113-00034730-00035063": "but they're not vectors, cuz they're just streams of", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00114-00035063-00035466": "characters and the length of each stream is different.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00115-00035466-00035793": "And there's... not easy to do so-called", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00116-00035793-00035993": "multiple sequence alignment where you actually", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00117-00035993-00036439": "align all the... sequences to make them actual vectors,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00118-00036440-00036686": "so you tend to... and analyze them without", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00119-00036686-00037049": "doing that. But you do see here some rather pretty...", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00120-00037050-00037510": "in these metagenomics cases, clearly identified clusters.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00121-00037510-00037933": "You can ask whether this one here is two clusters", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00122-00037933-00038403": "and things like that. And there is some distortion.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00123-00038403-00038939": "These clusters are not circular, they tend to be elongated.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00124-00038940-00039240": "And we could discuss why that is, but that's", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00125-00039240-00039573": "for a different time, they're not needed here.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00126-00039573-00039769": "This is called deterministic annealing.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00127-00039770-00040090": "That's the type of clustering. 'PW' is 'pair-wise',", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00128-00040090-00040280": "meaning it's not vector. You just have", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00129-00040280-00040516": "pair-wise distances in CS clustering.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00130-00040516-00040743": "[pause]", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00131-00040743-00041113": "Here's another set of genomic sequences", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00132-00041113-00041586": "for a particular sample... and it's much messier,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00133-00041586-00041716": "but you can see an enormous amount of", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00134-00041716-00042116": "structure with clear separation between them.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00135-00042116-00042373": "Sometimes there's some lack of clarity, there are", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00136-00042373-00042666": "lots which are joined together or near each other,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00137-00042666-00043143": "but there's lots of separated clusters in 'em.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00138-00043143-00043426": "Another example here, we actually have", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00139-00043426-00043696": "440,000 sequences here, which is actually", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00140-00043696-00044313": "a mix of clustering and... interpolation.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00141-00044313-00044596": "We can do it more accurately now than when we did this.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00142-00044596-00044913": "[pause]", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00143-00044913-00045149": "This is not fully clustered, cuz there's over", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00144-00045150-00045573": "100 clusters, 120 clusters or so in this dataset.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00145-00045573-00045786": "And this particular clustering algorithm", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00146-00045786-00046046": "allows us to stop once we start, with one cluster", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00147-00046046-00046289": "being the whole dataset, and we gradually", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00148-00046290-00046596": "chop it up in a hierarchical fashion into parts.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00149-00046596-00046989": "Here we stop when there were only seven parts.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00150-00046990-00047300": "[pause]", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00151-00047300-00047710": "And here's yet another example where again", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00152-00047710-00048006": "we have... here you can see whether this is a cluster", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00153-00048006-00048353": "or it's just a sort of scatter of points over here.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00154-00048353-00048883": "Here we have really distorted clusters, long thin things.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00155-00048883-00049193": "Technically the length of these... the elongation", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00156-00049193-00049493": "of these clusters is due to the fact that", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00157-00049493-00049776": "the sequences in them have different lengths.", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00158-00049776-00049966": "If you take sequences of the same length,", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00159-00049966-00050283": "they tend to be much closer to each other than", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00160-00050283-00050809": "if you tried to... look at the distances and", "jSMpRrvzfxM-00161-00050810-00051273": "incorporate sequences of a variety of different lengths."}}, {"audio_id": "jSSA82hM3d8", "text": {"jSSA82hM3d8-00000-00001048-00001520": "My name is Alun Davis, and I’m the lead of the Schools Engagement Programme at", "jSSA82hM3d8-00001-00001520-00001936": "the KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme here in Kilifi, in Kenya.", "jSSA82hM3d8-00002-00001936-00002576": "Over the past 10 years me and my team have been establishing a set of activities", "jSSA82hM3d8-00003-00002576-00003224": "which bring school students, local school students and also schools from from Nairobi,", "jSSA82hM3d8-00004-00003304-00003520": "into contact with health researchers.", "jSSA82hM3d8-00005-00003632-00004200": "The aim of that is, or the objectives of those activities", "jSSA82hM3d8-00006-00004200-00004648": "are to raise awareness of health research among school students,", "jSSA82hM3d8-00007-00004704-00005568": "also to raise an interest in science and science related careers amongst students, and thirdly", "jSSA82hM3d8-00008-00005568-00006128": "to raise awareness of community issues and perspectives amongst researchers.", "jSSA82hM3d8-00009-00006240-00006520": "It started off from the community actually,", "jSSA82hM3d8-00010-00006680-00007504": "when we had community meetings with community representatives, chiefs for example, they would", "jSSA82hM3d8-00011-00007504-00008280": "tell us what are you doing to raise awareness of possible careers in science amongst our schools", "jSSA82hM3d8-00012-00008416-00009184": "and so we responded to that challenge we started off in a modest way with three schools,", "jSSA82hM3d8-00013-00009184-00009664": "and then by now over the last 10 years we've expanded that to activities going on", "jSSA82hM3d8-00014-00009664-00010288": "in about 50 schools both here in Kilifi but also in Nairobi as well.", "jSSA82hM3d8-00015-00010288-00010728": "We have a range of different activities, we have an attachment scheme", "jSSA82hM3d8-00016-00010728-00011408": "for very talented students in which we invite nine students to come and stay here with us to", "jSSA82hM3d8-00017-00011408-00012024": "experience different aspects of research, and we also have schools activities for example we have", "jSSA82hM3d8-00018-00012128-00012552": "between 500 and thousand students every year coming to the laboratories to", "jSSA82hM3d8-00019-00012608-00013016": "learn about research, learn about science, and talk to researchers.", "jSSA82hM3d8-00020-00013072-00013800": "Well I think what we were keen on being a fairly wealthy research institution based in a", "jSSA82hM3d8-00021-00013888-00014616": "resource poor setting like Kilifi, we were keen on drawing from the research centres'", "jSSA82hM3d8-00022-00014688-00015319": "resources available for research towards strengthening science education in the area,", "jSSA82hM3d8-00023-00015319-00015688": "we felt at the time that, you know science being our core business,", "jSSA82hM3d8-00024-00015688-00016304": "that we were kind of well placed to possibly inspire young people in science,", "jSSA82hM3d8-00025-00016440-00017112": "and so we set that about through talking to teachers and taking the advice of the local", "jSSA82hM3d8-00026-00017112-00017544": "education office and teachers on how best we could do this with the resources that we had,", "jSSA82hM3d8-00027-00017744-00018392": "and that involved a participatory action research approach to design", "jSSA82hM3d8-00028-00018392-00018744": "engagement activities with researchers and schools.", "jSSA82hM3d8-00029-00018744-00019704": "Another aspect of the school engagement work that we seriously is the evaluation of our activities,", "jSSA82hM3d8-00030-00019792-00020752": "we do this using mixed methods we've had a quantitative component surveys across 15 schools,", "jSSA82hM3d8-00031-00020864-00021280": "some control some intervention arms and the comparison between those two,", "jSSA82hM3d8-00032-00021368-00022064": "we've had qualitative interviews and focus group discussions with parents with teachers", "jSSA82hM3d8-00033-00022064-00022376": "and with students and participating researchers,", "jSSA82hM3d8-00034-00022480-00023280": "and also we've worked in a participatory video where we hand over the camera to students and", "jSSA82hM3d8-00035-00023280-00023968": "ask them to make films about their experiences, we found that that's a particularly powerful way of", "jSSA82hM3d8-00036-00024048-00024400": "enabling students to have a voice in the engagement process.", "jSSA82hM3d8-00037-00024464-00025344": "Well I think there's several reasons for engaging school students students or children will be the", "jSSA82hM3d8-00038-00025344-00026056": "parents in the future and we depend on their participation in research in the future.", "jSSA82hM3d8-00039-00026216-00026944": "There's also a growing need for research amongst adolescents and children, and I", "jSSA82hM3d8-00040-00026944-00027656": "think it's important that we try and tap into some of these unique insights that they have and use", "jSSA82hM3d8-00041-00027656-00028183": "that information or work with that information in order to inform the research that we do,", "jSSA82hM3d8-00042-00028248-00028727": "engaging schools offers a platform to be able to draw from those unique", "jSSA82hM3d8-00043-00028727-00029120": "insights to feed into the way research is being implemented.", "jSSA82hM3d8-00044-00029120-00029832": "There's several reasons why we should invest in engaging school students: the first one is that", "jSSA82hM3d8-00045-00029832-00030480": "in the future we will need scientists to conduct our health research so it makes sense to start", "jSSA82hM3d8-00046-00030480-00031176": "early with young people to inspire talented people to go into research, we've shown this in", "jSSA82hM3d8-00047-00031176-00031895": "the past in Kilifi that you are able to identify very talented people and nurture them through", "jSSA82hM3d8-00048-00031952-00032752": "from school leavers age through to a career to you know becoming scientists who fully understand the", "jSSA82hM3d8-00049-00032752-00033568": "context here in Kilifi and so are able to design research studies that fit well into the context.", "jSSA82hM3d8-00050-00033664-00034424": "Secondly children will be the future research participants, the future parents who will", "jSSA82hM3d8-00051-00034560-00035064": "make decisions on whether they want their children to participate in research or not,", "jSSA82hM3d8-00052-00035160-00035904": "and I think engaging school students at an early age gives them an opportunity to understand the", "jSSA82hM3d8-00053-00035904-00036496": "research process in a better way which will give them more of a chance to make an informed", "jSSA82hM3d8-00054-00036496-00037464": "decision of whether they want their children to participate in research in the future."}}, {"audio_id": "jSVXdBKL5jI", "text": {"jSVXdBKL5jI-00000-00000868-00001128": "What is CommonSpaces?", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00001-00001156-00001434": "CommonSpaces is an online collaborative learning platform", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00002-00001464-00001742": "aimed at developing skills that are useful in the labour world", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00003-00001920-00002264": "The platform hosts academic and non-academic Communities of Practice", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00004-00002322-00002620": "that are interested in developing lifelong learning activities for their members", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00005-00002724-00002970": "What is a Community of Practice?", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00006-00003028-00003278": "A Community of Practice is a group of people", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00007-00003304-00003618": "working in the same field,  with common interest", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00008-00003661-00003947": "And that works together to build knowledge", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00009-00004008-00004540": "For example a group of translators who wish to develop their technological skills", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00010-00004614-00004970": "Or maybe a group of librarians who want to learn foreign languages", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00011-00005132-00005566": "CommonSpaces provides them with a shared space and necessary tools", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00012-00005632-00005882": "to build knowledge in a collaborative way and without any cost", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00013-00005886-00006086": "Thanks to the use of OERs", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00014-00006136-00006336": "What are OERs?", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00015-00006481-00007050": "OER stands for Open Educational Resources", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00016-00007120-00007606": "Learning materials such as videos, e-books, presentations, courses, etc.", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00017-00007645-00007914": "That are freely available online", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00018-00008000-00008524": "Meeting on CommonSpaces, community members can create learning paths", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00019-00008588-00008896": "In an independent, active and free way.", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00020-00008978-00009350": "Do you want to take part in CommonSpaces projects?", "jSVXdBKL5jI-00021-00009388-00009624": "Subscribe to the platform today! We are looking forward to meet you!"}}, {"audio_id": "jT5kXYduEeM", "text": {"jT5kXYduEeM-00000-00000033-00000140": "GETTING REAL IN RURAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00001-00000140-00000236": "AMERICA.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00002-00000236-00000337": "THIS WEEK ON THE \"LAURA", "jT5kXYduEeM-00003-00000337-00000497": "FLANDERS’ SHOW,\" I AM WITH A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00004-00000497-00000674": "CANDIDATE FOR CONGRESS THAT IS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00005-00000674-00000864": "TESTING THE IDEA THAT A BOLD,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00006-00000864-00001097": "PROGRESSIVE MESSAGE COULD WORK", "jT5kXYduEeM-00007-00001097-00001201": "IN RURAL AMERICA.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00008-00001201-00001448": "ANTHONY FLACCAVENTO IS A SECOND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00009-00001448-00001618": "TIME CANDIDATE FOR CONGRESS WHO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00010-00001618-00001905": "IS RUNNING IN VIRGINIA’S NINTH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00011-00001905-00002095": "IT’S A VERY LARGE DISTRICT WITH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00012-00002095-00002355": "POPULATION SPARSE AND SPREAD", "jT5kXYduEeM-00013-00002355-00002432": "OUT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00014-00002432-00002642": "I SPENT THREE DAYS WITH ANTHONY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00015-00002642-00002806": "IN THE RUN UP TO NOVEMBER’S", "jT5kXYduEeM-00016-00002806-00002876": "ELECTION.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00017-00002876-00003076": "HERE’S HOW SOME OF THAT PLAYED", "jT5kXYduEeM-00018-00003076-00003143": "OUT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00019-00003143-00003370": ">> I’M A FARMER AND SMALL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00020-00003370-00003503": "BUSINESS OWNER FROM ABINGDON AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00021-00003503-00003760": "SO LIKE YOU, I KNOW HARD WORK.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00022-00003760-00003910": "FOR MORE THAN 30 YEARS, I’VE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00023-00003910-00004044": "BEEN WORKING WITH FARMERS,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00024-00004044-00004207": "LOGGERS, COAL-MINERS, SCHOOL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00025-00004207-00004391": "TEACHERS AND COMMUNITY LEADERS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00026-00004391-00004611": "TO REBUILD OUR ECONOMY, FIX OUR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00027-00004611-00004768": "PROBLEMS, AND FIGHT FOR WORKING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00028-00004768-00004848": "PEOPLE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00029-00004848-00005021": "IT’S WHAT I CALL BOTTOM UP", "jT5kXYduEeM-00030-00005021-00005088": "SOLUTIONS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00031-00005088-00005268": "AND I’VE SEEN THEM WORK.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00032-00005268-00005388": "IN FACT, I WROTE A BOOK ABOUT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00033-00005388-00005548": "IT, \"BUILDING A HEALTHY ECONOMY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00034-00005548-00005679": "FROM THE BOTTOM UP,\" WHICH IS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00035-00005679-00005852": "FULL OF EXAMPLES FROM ALL AROUND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00036-00005852-00005976": "OUR REGION AND THE COUNTRY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00037-00005976-00006199": ">> I SAT DOWN WITH ANTHONY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00038-00006199-00006599": "LAST SEPTEMBER AND I SAID, WHAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00039-00006599-00006673": "ARE YOU RUNNING FOR?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00040-00006673-00006783": "WHAT DO YOU BELIEVE IN?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00041-00006783-00006930": "AND HE TOLD ME HOW HE WROTE THIS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00042-00006930-00007100": "BOOK AND HOW HE HAD ALL THESE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00043-00007100-00007397": "GREAT IDEAS AND HONESTLY, IT WAS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00044-00007397-00007550": "TOTALLY IN-LINE WITH WHAT I", "jT5kXYduEeM-00045-00007550-00007684": "THOUGHT NEEDED TO HAPPEN AND THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00046-00007684-00007857": "TYPE OF PERSON WE NEED TO RUN.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00047-00007857-00007994": ">> WE MET ANTHONY IN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00048-00007994-00008201": "2011, WHEN WE FIRST MOVED TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00049-00008201-00008371": "ABINGDON, VIRGINIA AND STARTED", "jT5kXYduEeM-00050-00008371-00008545": "ATTENDING THE FARMER’S MARKET.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00051-00008545-00008718": "ANTHONY HAD A LOT TO DO WITH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00052-00008718-00008845": "PUTTING THAT FARMER’S MARKET", "jT5kXYduEeM-00053-00008845-00008932": "TOGETHER.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00054-00008932-00009072": "AND SO, WE’VE KNOWN HIM AS A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00055-00009072-00009192": "FARMER FOR MANY YEARS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00056-00009192-00009339": ">> WELL, ANTHONY HAS BEEN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00057-00009339-00009436": "WITH US SINCE THE PITTSTON", "jT5kXYduEeM-00058-00009436-00009636": "STRIKE BACK IN THE 1990’S.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00059-00009636-00009769": "PEOPLE IN THE COAL FIELDS WERE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00060-00009769-00009966": "FOR HIM ALL ALONG.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00061-00009966-00010070": "WHEN WE FINALLY GOT THE OKAY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00062-00010070-00010140": "FROM INTERNATIONAL, THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00063-00010140-00010307": "ENDORSEMENT WAS UNANIMOUS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00064-00010307-00010427": "COMPACT COMMITTEE ENDORSED HIM", "jT5kXYduEeM-00065-00010427-00010493": "UNANIMOUSLY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00066-00010493-00010644": ">> YOU LOOK AROUND AND YOU", "jT5kXYduEeM-00067-00010644-00010807": "SAY, WELL, WHO REALLY IS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00068-00010807-00010981": "CONSIDERING THE PROBLEMS AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00069-00010981-00011154": "LISTENING TO EVERYBODY?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00070-00011154-00011354": "AND TRYING TO LOOK FOR A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00071-00011354-00011618": "REASONED SOLUTION AND SOMEBODY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00072-00011618-00011865": "WHO’S BEEN TRYING SUSTAINABLE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00073-00011865-00012175": "FARMING, ORGANIC FARMING, WHO’S", "jT5kXYduEeM-00074-00012175-00012429": "BEEN ON THE SIDE OF WORKERS FOR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00075-00012429-00012585": "THE LAST FEW DECADES.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00076-00012585-00012802": "ANTHONY IS ABOUT AS A GENUINE OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00077-00012802-00012983": "A CANDIDATE AS ONE COULD HOPE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00078-00012983-00013053": "FOR.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00079-00013053-00013139": ">> I CAN TELL HE WOULD BE A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00080-00013139-00013369": "STATESMAN AND NOT A POLITICIAN.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00081-00013369-00013503": ">> ANTHONY FLACCAVENTO IS A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00082-00013503-00013570": "GREAT GUY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00083-00013570-00013687": "AND WE DEFINITELY NEED SOMEONE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00084-00013687-00013833": "IN SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA WHO IS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00085-00013833-00013917": "ABOUT THE PEOPLE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00086-00013917-00014034": ">> IT’S TIME WE HAVE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00087-00014034-00014187": "SOMEBODY UP HERE WHO LOOKS AFTER", "jT5kXYduEeM-00088-00014187-00014304": "THE PEOPLE IN SOUTHWEST", "jT5kXYduEeM-00089-00014304-00014371": "VIRGINIA.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00090-00014371-00014497": ">> THANK YOU ANTHONY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00091-00014497-00014794": ">> YEAH, YOU TAKE CARE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00092-00014794-00014918": ">> ALRIGHTY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00093-00014918-00014985": ">> WHAT DO YOU LOVE ABOUT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00094-00014985-00015208": "THIS PLACE, THIS LAND, THIS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00095-00015208-00015332": "COUNTRY, THIS COUNTY?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00096-00015332-00015498": ">> WELL, A LOT OF THINGS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00097-00015498-00015565": "FOR ONE THING, YOU GET OUT IN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00098-00015565-00015652": "THE MORNING AND YOU SEE THESE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00099-00015652-00015719": "MOUNTAINS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00100-00015719-00015839": "YOU HAVE AMAZING SUNRISES.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00101-00015839-00016026": "IT’S JUST THE BEAUTY IS REALLY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00102-00016026-00016136": "QUITE INCOMPARABLE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00103-00016136-00016206": "IT’S INCREDIBLE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00104-00016206-00016282": "I SIMPLY LOVE IT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00105-00016282-00016446": "I LOVE THE PHYSICAL NATURE OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00106-00016446-00016516": "IT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00107-00016516-00016583": "IT KIND OF BEATS YOU UP, BUT IT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00108-00016583-00016796": "IS ALSO VERY, VERY FULFILLING.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00109-00016796-00017020": "IT’S WONDERFUL TO SEE THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00110-00017020-00017203": "PROGRESS THAT YOU HAVE FROM", "jT5kXYduEeM-00111-00017203-00017350": "TILLING TO PLANTING TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00112-00017350-00017417": "HARVESTING.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00113-00017417-00017604": "SO, I LOVE ALL OF THAT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00114-00017604-00017751": "IT’S VERY TANGIBLE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00115-00017751-00017894": ">> DO YOU REMEMBER THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00116-00017894-00018071": "DECISION OR THE THINKING THAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00117-00018071-00018294": "WENT INTO WHY TAKE A BREAK FROM", "jT5kXYduEeM-00118-00018294-00018475": "THAT LIFE TO MAKE THIS RUN FOR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00119-00018475-00018541": "CONGRESS?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00120-00018541-00018635": ">> YEAH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00121-00018635-00018855": "I REALLY DIDN’T WANT TO, AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00122-00018855-00019002": "MAYBE I COULD STILL SAY DON’T", "jT5kXYduEeM-00123-00019002-00019139": "REALLY WANT TO TAKE A BREAK FROM", "jT5kXYduEeM-00124-00019139-00019205": "THIS LIFE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00125-00019205-00019362": "IT’S VERY FULFILLING IN A LOT OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00126-00019362-00019496": "DIFFERENT WAYS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00127-00019496-00019663": "IT’S A PART OF OUR LIVELIHOOD,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00128-00019663-00019833": "ALONG WITH THE LOCAL ECONOMY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00129-00019833-00019899": "WORK.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00130-00019899-00020110": "THEY ADD UP TO I THINK, STUFF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00131-00020110-00020260": "THAT’S VERY SATISFYING.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00132-00020260-00020440": "BUT, I ALSO REALIZE THAT THEY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00133-00020440-00020600": "JUST WEREN’T ENOUGH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00134-00020600-00020747": "THE BOTTOM LINE IS THAT WE’RE IN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00135-00020747-00020957": "A SITUATION WHERE THE WORLD IS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00136-00020957-00021074": "CHANGING VERY RAPIDLY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00137-00021074-00021277": "I’D SAY IN MOST RESPECTS FOR THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00138-00021277-00021374": "WORSE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00139-00021374-00021524": "AND SO PART OF IT IS THAT IDEA", "jT5kXYduEeM-00140-00021524-00021708": "OF STEPPING UP TO FIGHT BAD", "jT5kXYduEeM-00141-00021708-00021855": "STUFF, BUT THE BIGGEST", "jT5kXYduEeM-00142-00021855-00022055": "MOTIVATION FOR ME IS STEPPING UP", "jT5kXYduEeM-00143-00022055-00022205": "TO LIFT UP THIS GOOD STUFF, OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00144-00022205-00022399": "WHICH MY FARM AND MY BUSINESS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00145-00022399-00022729": "ARE JUST ONE TINY DOT AMONG ALL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00146-00022729-00022952": "THESE CREATIVE AND EFFECTIVE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00147-00022952-00023179": "UPWELLINGS OF POSITIVE CHANGE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00148-00023179-00023313": ">> YOU’RE TALKING ABOUT A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00149-00023313-00023496": "PART OF THE WORLD THAT IN U.S.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00150-00023496-00023727": "POLITICS AND PUNDITRY IS SEEN AS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00151-00023727-00023817": "A BACKWATER.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00152-00023817-00023907": ">> ABSOLUTELY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00153-00023907-00024037": "IT’S ONE OF THE MOST FRUSTRATING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00154-00024037-00024104": "THINGS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00155-00024104-00024250": "AND THAT’S BOTH SORT OF THE, SO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00156-00024250-00024411": "CALLED, MAINSTREAM MEDIA AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00157-00024411-00024554": "PUNDITRY, BUT TO BE PERFECTLY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00158-00024554-00024774": "HONEST, IT’S ALSO OUR OWN PARTY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00159-00024774-00025041": "IT’S MY LIBERAL PEERS IN OTHER", "jT5kXYduEeM-00160-00025041-00025125": "PARTS OF THE COUNTRY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00161-00025125-00025325": "THEY ASSUME, GENERALLY ABOUT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00162-00025325-00025475": "RURAL AND SPECIFICALLY ABOUT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00163-00025475-00025622": "APPALACHIA, THEY HAVE A SORT OF,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00164-00025622-00025879": "\"OH, THOSE POOR FOLKS\" IDEA AT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00165-00025879-00025959": "BEST.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00166-00025959-00026112": "IN FACT, THERE’S AN AMAZING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00167-00026112-00026252": "AMOUNT OF INNOVATION RIGHT HERE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00168-00026252-00026409": "IN SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA BUT ALSO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00169-00026409-00026563": "IN EASTERN KENTUCKY AND SOUTHERN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00170-00026563-00026733": "WEST VIRGINIA AND SOUTHEASTERN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00171-00026733-00026800": "OHIO.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00172-00026800-00026900": "JUST INCREDIBLE THINGS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00173-00026900-00027080": "THINGS THAT ARE NOT HAPPENING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00174-00027080-00027240": "IN SOME OF THE MORE POPULOUS AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00175-00027240-00027387": "HIGHER EDUCATED PLACES.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00176-00027387-00027454": ">> SO, DOESN’T THAT MAKE YOU", "jT5kXYduEeM-00177-00027454-00027520": "FURIOUS?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00178-00027520-00027670": ">> IT DOES.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00179-00027670-00027737": "YEAH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00180-00027737-00027817": "IT TICKS ME OFF, TOTALLY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00181-00027817-00027884": "FOR SURE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00182-00027884-00028011": "WHAT REALLY MAKES ME ANGRY IS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00183-00028011-00028174": "THAT AFTER SO MANY YEARS OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00184-00028174-00028371": "BEING IN THE MIDST OF THAT AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00185-00028371-00028518": "WRITING AND SPEAKING ABOUT IT A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00186-00028518-00028718": "LOT, IT’S STILL THE PREVAILING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00187-00028718-00028785": "IDEA.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00188-00028785-00028882": ">> YOU’VE DONE 94 TOWN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00189-00028882-00028948": "HALLS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00190-00028948-00029019": ">> YEP.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00191-00029019-00029149": ">> YOU’RE GOING TO DO 100.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00192-00029149-00029239": ">> YEP.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00193-00029239-00029359": ">> WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00194-00029359-00029426": "THERE?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00195-00029426-00029566": "AND WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING ABOUT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00196-00029566-00029686": "THESE CONSTITUENTS OF YOURS?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00197-00029686-00029849": ">> WELL, ONE THING I’LL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00198-00029849-00029939": "TELL YOU IS THAT THOSE TOWN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00199-00029939-00030100": "HALLS HAVE CERTAINLY INCLUDED", "jT5kXYduEeM-00200-00030100-00030243": "KIND OF TRADITIONAL DEMOCRATS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00201-00030243-00030350": "AND LIBERAL LEANING PEOPLE AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00202-00030350-00030530": "IT’S BEEN SO GREAT TO GET THAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00203-00030530-00030657": "GROUP EXCITED AND THEY ARE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00204-00030657-00030747": "REALLY, REALLY EXCITED.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00205-00030747-00030890": "AND THEN ON TOP OF THAT IT’S", "jT5kXYduEeM-00206-00030890-00031011": "INCLUDED A WHOLE BUNCH OF FOLKS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00207-00031011-00031204": "THAT HAVE NOT BEEN IN THE CHOIR.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00208-00031204-00031424": "AND HAVING THIS MUCH BROADER", "jT5kXYduEeM-00209-00031424-00031631": "BASE OF PEOPLE KIND OF CONFIRMS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00210-00031631-00031858": "THIS IDEA, THAT A MESSAGE THAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00211-00031858-00032048": "IS AGAIN, IS BASED ON FIGHTING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00212-00032048-00032142": "THE RICH AND POWERFUL AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00213-00032142-00032369": "UPLIFTING EVERYDAY PEOPLE IS A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00214-00032369-00032485": "MESSAGE THAT A WHOLE BUNCH OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00215-00032485-00032676": "PEOPLE IN RURAL AMERICA WANT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00216-00032676-00032956": ">> LIKE YOU ALL, I FEEL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00217-00032956-00033273": "LIKE OUR DEMOCRACY IS ON THIN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00218-00033273-00033340": "ICE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00219-00033340-00033560": "AND A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00220-00033560-00033683": "SUFFERING WHO NEED NOT BE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00221-00033683-00033813": "WHILE ALL OF THAT IS TRUE, I", "jT5kXYduEeM-00222-00033813-00034030": "ALSO THINK THAT THEY WAY YOU DO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00223-00034030-00034344": "CROSS THE AISLE IS DEFINITELY BY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00224-00034344-00034597": "TALKING, BUT ALSO BY DELIVERING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00225-00034597-00034798": "PRACTICAL RESULTS THAT ARE KIND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00226-00034798-00034968": "OF UNDENIABLY BETTER FOR PEOPLE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00227-00034968-00035105": "AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00228-00035105-00035311": ">> MY NAME IS AIDEN.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00229-00035311-00035405": "AND YOU SAY THAT YOU SUPPORT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00230-00035405-00035572": "INNOVATIVE MANUFACTURERS AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00231-00035572-00035709": "SEEK TO PROVIDE JOBS FOR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00232-00035709-00035972": "WORKERS, SPECIFICALLY THOSE WHO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00233-00035972-00036066": "MIGHT HAVE TO LEAVE COAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00234-00036066-00036209": "FACTORIES BECAUSE OF DOWNSIZING.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00235-00036209-00036399": "MY FATHER ESSENTIALLY BEING ONE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00236-00036399-00036466": "OF THEM.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00237-00036466-00036586": "DO YOU SEE THE CONSTRUCTION OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00238-00036586-00036786": "THE APPALACHIA PIPE LINE TO BE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00239-00036786-00036973": "AN OPPORTUNITY FOR NEW JOBS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00240-00036973-00037120": "NATURAL RESOURCES AND INDUSTRY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00241-00037120-00037230": "FOR THESE WORKERS?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00242-00037230-00037417": ">> THE MAIN REASON I’M", "jT5kXYduEeM-00243-00037417-00037637": "RUNNING IS BECAUSE MY 33 YEARS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00244-00037637-00037861": "DOWN HERE, I’VE MEET FOLKS LIKE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00245-00037861-00037934": "YOU ALL.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00246-00037934-00038068": "I’VE SEEN WHAT YOU’RE WILLING TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00247-00038068-00038134": "DO.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00248-00038134-00038201": "I’VE SEEN WHAT’S POSSIBLE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00249-00038201-00038451": "AND I’M WILLING TO GIVE UP A FEW", "jT5kXYduEeM-00250-00038451-00038675": "YEARS OF MY LIFE TO BE A REAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00251-00038675-00038808": "REPRESENTATIVE FROM THE NINTH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00252-00038808-00038988": "DISTRICT AND TO SAY ONCE AND FOR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00253-00038988-00039279": "ALL, ENOUGH WITH THE RICH AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00254-00039279-00039536": "THE POWERFUL, THEY GOT PLENTY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00255-00039536-00039743": "I’M A WORKING GUY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00256-00039743-00040100": "I’M GOING TO GO AND FIGHT FOR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00257-00040100-00040333": "THE WORKING PEOPLE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00258-00040333-00040400": "[APPLAUSE]", "jT5kXYduEeM-00259-00040400-00040553": ">> THIS DISTRICT, AS YOU’VE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00260-00040553-00040734": "MENTIONED, IS REALLY BIG.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00261-00040734-00040864": ">> OH, YES.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00262-00040864-00040930": ">> IT’S BIGGER THAN NEW", "jT5kXYduEeM-00263-00040930-00040997": "JERSEY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00264-00040997-00041304": ">> YES, AND IN FACT ALL OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00265-00041304-00041468": "OUR CARS HAVE THE MILEAGE TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00266-00041468-00041614": "PROVE IT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00267-00041614-00041725": ">> WHAT WOULD YOU SAY IN ALL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00268-00041725-00041871": "OF THESE TOWN HALL MEETINGS HAS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00269-00041871-00042042": "BEEN THE TOP THREE ITEMS THAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00270-00042042-00042108": "HAVE COME UP?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00271-00042108-00042248": ">> NO MATTER WHAT,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00272-00042248-00042425": "EVERYWHERE WE GO, WE HEAR ABOUT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00273-00042425-00042492": "HEALTHCARE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00274-00042492-00042759": "OUTSIDE OF HEALTHCARE, A BIG ONE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00275-00042759-00042949": "AND INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH, AGE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00276-00042949-00043166": "DOESN’T MATTER ON THIS QUESTION,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00277-00043166-00043276": "JOBS AND THE ECONOMY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00278-00043276-00043506": "WHETHER WE’RE TALKING TO PEOPLE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00279-00043506-00043650": "WHO ARE RETIRED OR PEOPLE WHO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00280-00043650-00043757": "ARE JUST STARTING IN THE WORK", "jT5kXYduEeM-00281-00043757-00043970": "FORCE, JOBS AND THE ECONOMY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00282-00043970-00044250": "IS A BIG DEAL FOR A LOT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00283-00044250-00044384": "DIFFERENT REASONS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00284-00044384-00044487": "AND THEY COME FROM DIFFERENT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00285-00044487-00044621": "PERSPECTIVES WHEN THEY’RE ASKING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00286-00044621-00044688": "ABOUT IT, BUT EVERYONE WANTS TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00287-00044688-00044858": "KNOW HOW WE’RE GOING TO GET MORE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00288-00044858-00045038": "JOBS AND MORE OPPORTUNITIES IN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00289-00045038-00045161": "THE NINTH DISTRICT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00290-00045161-00045235": ">> WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00291-00045235-00045452": "ABOUT SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA DURING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00292-00045452-00045522": "THIS CAMPAIGN?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00293-00045522-00045605": "WHAT’S SURPRISED YOU?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00294-00045605-00045709": ">> ON THIS CAMPAIGN, I", "jT5kXYduEeM-00295-00045709-00045929": "REALLY LEARNED, WOW, ALRIGHT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00296-00045929-00046159": "WE’RE REPRESENTING AN AREA WAY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00297-00046159-00046299": "LARGER THAN I EVER THOUGHT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00298-00046299-00046403": "POSSIBLE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00299-00046403-00046633": "BUT ALSO, THAT NO MATTER HOW FAR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00300-00046633-00046873": "YOU GO, THE PEOPLE ARE EXTREMELY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00301-00046873-00047000": "SIMILAR.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00302-00047000-00047100": "WHETHER YOU’RE IN THE COAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00303-00047100-00047227": "FIELDS, OR WHETHER YOU’RE IN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00304-00047227-00047517": "BLACKSBURG, PEOPLE SHARE THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00305-00047517-00047637": "SAME IDEAS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00306-00047637-00047774": "THEY MIGHT JUST HAVE A DIFFERENT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00307-00047774-00047894": "PERSONAL EXPERIENCE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00308-00047894-00048174": ">> I’M A FIFTH GENERATION", "jT5kXYduEeM-00309-00048174-00048391": "FARMER AND GREW UP IN THE SAME", "jT5kXYduEeM-00310-00048391-00048601": "HOUSE IN RICH VALLEY, VIRGINIA,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00311-00048601-00048988": "WHICH IS JUST ABOUT 10 MILES", "jT5kXYduEeM-00312-00048988-00049185": "EAST OF SALTVILLE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00313-00049185-00049379": "WE’VE BEEN PRACTICING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00314-00049379-00049582": "SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE FOR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00315-00049582-00049723": "ALMOST 30 YEARS NOW.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00316-00049723-00049866": "BEEN DOING THE ROTATIONAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00317-00049866-00050040": "GRAZING AND EVERYTHING.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00318-00050040-00050400": "PRIMARILY, WHAT SOLD MY FATHER", "jT5kXYduEeM-00319-00050400-00050633": "ON IT WAS COST SAVING.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00320-00050633-00051011": "ROTATE GRASS AND STOCK PILE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00321-00051011-00051201": "FOR THE WINTER.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00322-00051201-00051424": "AND THEN DIVVY IT OUT FOR THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00323-00051424-00051598": "WINTER TIME.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00324-00051598-00051775": "YOU CUT YOUR HAY COSTS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00325-00051775-00052091": "COMPLETELY OUT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00326-00052091-00052372": "THAT GAVE RISE TO GRASS FINISH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00327-00052372-00052439": "BEACH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00328-00052439-00052505": ">> SO, HOW DID YOU FIRST", "jT5kXYduEeM-00329-00052505-00052615": "MEET ANTHONY FLACCAVENTO?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00330-00052615-00052916": ">> DEALING WITH THE ABINGDON", "jT5kXYduEeM-00331-00052916-00053279": "FARMER’S MARKET, HE WAS ONE OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00332-00053279-00053583": "THE BIGGEST SELLERS AND THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00333-00053583-00053770": "MARKET WOULD PROBABLY NOT BE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00334-00053770-00053950": "HERE TODAY AS WE KNOW IT WITHOUT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00335-00053950-00054010": "HIM.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00336-00054010-00054097": "IT WAS JUST A BUNCH OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00337-00054097-00054421": "INDIVIDUALS SELLING THEIR WARES.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00338-00054421-00054557": "HE KIND OF HELPED BRING US", "jT5kXYduEeM-00339-00054557-00054654": "TOGETHER.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00340-00054654-00054721": ">> WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES", "jT5kXYduEeM-00341-00054721-00054864": "HAVING THAT FARMER’S MARKET MAKE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00342-00054864-00054981": "TO A FARMER LIKE YOU?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00343-00054981-00055362": ">> THE CASH FLOW IS BIG.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00344-00055362-00055588": "BECAUSE NORMALLY, YOU SELL YOUR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00345-00055588-00055949": "YEARLINGS AND WHATEVER COWS AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00346-00055949-00056139": "TWO OR THREE CHECKS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00347-00056139-00056286": "THEY MAY BE BIG, BUT THEY GOT TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00348-00056286-00056483": "LAST YOU THE WHOLE YEAR.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00349-00056483-00056549": ">> THAT’S RIGHT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00350-00056549-00056666": ">> AND JUST HAVING A WEEKLY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00351-00056666-00056850": "CASH INCOME REALLY HELPED.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00352-00056850-00057177": "ANTHONY WAS ALSO INSTRUMENTAL IN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00353-00057177-00057440": "STARTING APPALACHIAN HARVEST.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00354-00057440-00057510": ">> MMHMM.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00355-00057510-00057604": "WHAT DOES THAT DO?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00356-00057604-00057741": ">> WHEN ANTHONY MOVED HERE,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00357-00057741-00057984": "THIS WAS BIG TOBACCO COUNTRY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00358-00057984-00058208": "A LOT OF TOBACCO.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00359-00058208-00058371": "NOW, IT’S JUST NOT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00360-00058371-00058631": "MARKET FORCES AND POLITICAL--", "jT5kXYduEeM-00361-00058631-00058828": ">> A GREAT BIG LAWSUIT--", "jT5kXYduEeM-00362-00058828-00059025": ">> POLITICAL FORCES RAN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00363-00059025-00059129": "TOBACCO OUT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00364-00059129-00059332": "ANTHONY HELP WAS INSTRUMENTAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00365-00059332-00059522": "IN STARTING APPALACHIAN HARVEST", "jT5kXYduEeM-00366-00059522-00059706": "THAT GOT THEM TO GROW ORGANIC", "jT5kXYduEeM-00367-00059706-00060113": "AND CONVENTIONAL PRODUCE SO THAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00368-00060113-00060684": "THE SMALL FARMS COULD GET A HIGH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00369-00060684-00061004": "RETURN PER ACRE THAT THEY NEEDED", "jT5kXYduEeM-00370-00061004-00061111": "TO BE VIABLE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00371-00061111-00061257": ">> THEY CAN SURVIVE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00372-00061257-00061324": ">> YEAH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00373-00061324-00061424": "AND THEY DIDN’T HAVE TO BECOME", "jT5kXYduEeM-00374-00061424-00061491": "SALESMEN TO DO IT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00375-00061491-00061601": ">> YEAH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00376-00061601-00061795": ">> WHICH IS HARD TO FIND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00377-00061795-00062032": "SOMEBODY WHO’S WILLING TO BE OUT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00378-00062032-00062242": "THERE ALONE AND WORK AND THEN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00379-00062242-00062399": "COME AND BE A SALESMAN TOO.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00380-00062399-00062555": ">> IT’S A LOT OF JOBS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00381-00062555-00062649": "SO WHAT DO YOU THINK ARE HIS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00382-00062649-00062716": "CHANCES?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00383-00062716-00062809": ">> I THINK THEY’RE A LOT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00384-00062809-00063019": "BETTER THAN THEY WERE LAST TIME.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00385-00063019-00063286": "EVERYBODY HAS HEARD OF ANTHONY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00386-00063286-00063433": "AND EVERYBODY KNOWS THAT HE WILL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00387-00063433-00063530": "WORK.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00388-00063530-00063803": "AND THE FARMERS ARE SAYING,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00389-00063803-00063967": "WE’RE NOT GETTING ANYTHING NOW.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00390-00063967-00064264": "WHY NOT TRY SOMETHING ELSE?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00391-00064264-00064404": ">> MOST PEOPLE WHEN YOU", "jT5kXYduEeM-00392-00064404-00064611": "SAY, RURAL PROGRESSIVE THEY’RE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00393-00064611-00064731": "LIKE, WHOA, ISN’T THAT AN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00394-00064731-00064798": "OXYMORON?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00395-00064798-00064968": "AND MAYBE IT SEEMS TO BE, BUT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00396-00064968-00065118": "ACTUALLY THERE’S A TREMENDOUS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00397-00065118-00065245": "AMOUNT OF PROGRESSIVE THINKING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00398-00065245-00065445": "HERE, IN TERMS OF THINKING AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00399-00065445-00065802": "DOING THAT LIFTS UP LOCAL POOR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00400-00065802-00066009": "PEOPLE, WORKING PEOPLE, AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00401-00066009-00066142": "LEVELS THE PLAYING FIELD BETWEEN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00402-00066142-00066286": "THE POWERFUL AND THE LESS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00403-00066286-00066353": "POWERFUL.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00404-00066353-00066503": "WHEN DEMOCRATS DECIDED YOU KNOW", "jT5kXYduEeM-00405-00066503-00066683": "10 YEARS AGO WHEN LIBERAL GROUPS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00406-00066683-00066856": "AND PROGRESSIVES TO DECIDED TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00407-00066856-00067087": "STOP MESSING WITH RURAL AMERICA", "jT5kXYduEeM-00408-00067087-00067270": "IN EVERYTHING FROM NOT JUST", "jT5kXYduEeM-00409-00067270-00067454": "POLITICS, BUT THE THINK TANKS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00410-00067454-00067637": "AND THE ACTIVISTS GROUPS THAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00411-00067637-00067821": "WILL CREATE A WHOLE BLUEPRINT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00412-00067821-00068004": "FOR PROGRESSIVE CHANGE AND NOT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00413-00068004-00068264": "EVEN USE THE WORD RURAL IN THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00414-00068264-00068348": "ENTIRE THING.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00415-00068348-00068465": "THAT GOES ON LONG ENOUGH AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00416-00068465-00068581": "PEOPLE SAY, MAYBE THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00417-00068581-00068695": "REPUBLICANS ARE RIGHT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00418-00068695-00068785": "MAYBE THOSE PEOPLE DON’T CARE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00419-00068785-00068855": "ABOUT US.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00420-00068855-00069082": "SO TURNING THAT AROUND IS FIRST", "jT5kXYduEeM-00421-00069082-00069292": "OF ALL SHOWING UP AND SECONDLY,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00422-00069292-00069466": "LISTENING WHEN YOU SHOW UP", "jT5kXYduEeM-00423-00069466-00069566": "AND THEN THE THIRD THING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00424-00069566-00069659": "IS MAYBE TAKING SOME OF THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00425-00069659-00069776": "WISDOM FORM HERE THAT MAYBE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00426-00069776-00069909": "CHALLENGES SOME OF THE WISDOM OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00427-00069909-00069976": "SOME TO THE LIBERALS AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00428-00069976-00070086": "PROGRESSIVES AND CREATING A NEW", "jT5kXYduEeM-00429-00070086-00070210": "WAY OF WORKING ON THIS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00430-00070210-00070333": ">> WHAT’S THIS MACHINE?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00431-00070333-00070420": "WHAT’S THIS ALL ABOUT?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00432-00070420-00070557": ">> I HAVE BLACK LUNG, SECOND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00433-00070557-00070694": "STAGE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00434-00070694-00070807": ">> HOW DO YOU THINK YOU GOT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00435-00070807-00070874": "IT?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00436-00070874-00070990": ">> WORKING IN THE COAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00437-00070990-00071057": "MINES.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00438-00071057-00071297": "EATING DUST AND I RAN A MINER", "jT5kXYduEeM-00439-00071297-00071538": "MOST OF THAT TIME.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00440-00071538-00071715": ">> HOW MANY PEOPLE THAT HAVE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00441-00071715-00071878": "BLACK LUNG GET HELP?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00442-00071878-00072042": "AND IF NOT 100%, WHY NOT?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00443-00072042-00072298": ">> THE AVERAGE, 20% IN THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00444-00072298-00072365": "INDUSTRY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00445-00072365-00072499": ">> SO 20% OF PEOPLE THAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00446-00072499-00072706": "HAVE BLACK LUNG AND MAKE CLAIMS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00447-00072706-00072962": "GET CLAIMS ACCEPTED.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00448-00072962-00073116": ">> YES.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00449-00073116-00073343": "THE FALLACY IS IN THE LAW.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00450-00073343-00073440": "MOST PEOPLE THEY DON’T", "jT5kXYduEeM-00451-00073440-00073653": "UNDERSTAND BLACK LUNG LAWS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00452-00073653-00073843": "THE LAW IS ONLY IN PLACE TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00453-00073843-00074314": "ENABLE YOU TO GET THE BENEFIT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00454-00074314-00074447": "BUT YOU HAVE TO QUALIFY FOR THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00455-00074447-00074534": "BENEFIT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00456-00074534-00074784": "IT’S NOT AN AUTOMATIC, BECAUSE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00457-00074784-00074971": "YOU’RE IN THE MINES 15 YEARS AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00458-00074971-00075095": "YOU’VE GOT BLACK LUNG, WHATEVER", "jT5kXYduEeM-00459-00075095-00075321": "STAGE IT IS, THAT YOU QUALIFY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00460-00075321-00075388": "FOR BENEFITS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00461-00075388-00075482": "THAT’S A FALLACY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00462-00075482-00075588": "YOU DON’T.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00463-00075588-00075692": "AND THEN YOU HAVE TO FIGHT TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00464-00075692-00075819": "GET YOUR BENEFITS, EMPLOY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00465-00075819-00076076": "LAWYERS, GET ALL THE DOCTORS ON", "jT5kXYduEeM-00466-00076076-00076152": "BOARD.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00467-00076152-00076272": "AND THEN AFTER YOU DO ALL THAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00468-00076272-00076379": "AND YOU WIN YOUR CLAIM, HERE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00469-00076379-00076566": "COMES THE COMPANY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00470-00076566-00076776": "AND YOU’RE IN COURT AND THEY’RE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00471-00076776-00077033": "CONSTANTLY HARASSING YOU WITH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00472-00077033-00077303": "THEIR DOCTORS THAT THEY PAY BIG", "jT5kXYduEeM-00473-00077303-00077464": "SALARIES TO SAY THERE’S", "jT5kXYduEeM-00474-00077464-00077627": "SOMETHING ELSE THAT’S CAUSING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00475-00077627-00077777": "YOU TO HAVE DIFFICULTY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00476-00077777-00077921": "IT’S NOT YOUR BLACK LUNG.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00477-00077921-00078118": ">> AND WITH MEDICARE FOR ALL,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00478-00078118-00078184": "YOU WOULDN’T HAVE TO GO THROUGH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00479-00078184-00078251": "THAT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00480-00078251-00078324": ">> WELL, I THINK, I’M ON", "jT5kXYduEeM-00481-00078324-00078585": "MEDICARE RIGHT NOW.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00482-00078585-00078878": "THE THING THAT I FIND IS IF I GO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00483-00078878-00079039": "TO THE DOCTOR FOR ANYTHING TO DO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00484-00079039-00079175": "WITH BLACK LUNG, MEDICARE PAYS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00485-00079175-00079299": "FOR IT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00486-00079299-00079456": ">> SO, WHAT DOES THIS PART", "jT5kXYduEeM-00487-00079456-00079542": "OF THE COUNTRY NEED?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00488-00079542-00079666": "WHAT DO YOU WANT FROM A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00489-00079666-00079843": "CONGRESSMAN OR CONGRESS RIGHT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00490-00079843-00079913": "NOW?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00491-00079913-00080133": ">> WE CAN’T RELY ON COAL IN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00492-00080133-00080450": "APPALACHIA TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00493-00080450-00080550": "IT’S ON THE WAY OUT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00494-00080550-00080660": "IT’S BEEN ON THE WAY OUT SINCE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00495-00080660-00080794": "I’VE STARTED IN THE MINES IN THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00496-00080794-00080864": "1970’S.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00497-00080864-00080997": "WE AS COAL MINERS ALL WOULD SAY,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00498-00080997-00081161": "I WONDER IF WE CAN MAKE IT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00499-00081161-00081227": "ANOTHER YEAR.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00500-00081227-00081394": "CAN WE MAKE IT ANOTHER YEAR?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00501-00081394-00081664": "THEY SAY WE HAVE 25 YEARS, I PUT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00502-00081664-00081825": "38 IN.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00503-00081825-00081925": "SO YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00504-00081925-00082178": "PSYCHOLOGY OF THE WORKPLACE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00505-00082178-00082419": "WORRYING ABOUT IF YOU’RE GOING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00506-00082419-00082585": "TO HAVE A JOB TOMORROW.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00507-00082585-00082716": "THEY DON’T WANT ANYBODY TO COME", "jT5kXYduEeM-00508-00082716-00082936": "INTO SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA AND TAKE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00509-00082936-00083076": "THEIR PLACE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00510-00083076-00083183": "WHO WANTS TO COME IN THE COAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00511-00083183-00083430": "MINES AND MAKE $25 AN HOUR?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00512-00083430-00083563": "WHO?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00513-00083563-00083960": "WHY WOULD YOU NOT RATHER WORK IN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00514-00083960-00084187": "AN INDUSTRIAL ATMOSPHERE THAT’S", "jT5kXYduEeM-00515-00084187-00084481": "CLEAN, HEALTHY, AND ALL THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00516-00084481-00084547": "THINGS?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00517-00084547-00084681": "SO, THE ONLY INCENTIVE IS IT’S", "jT5kXYduEeM-00518-00084681-00084844": "THE HIGHEST PLAYING EMPLOYMENT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00519-00084844-00084994": "IN THE AREA.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00520-00084994-00085198": "AND WE WANT TO KEEP IT THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00521-00085198-00085392": "HIGHEST PAYING EMPLOYMENT IN THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00522-00085392-00085475": "AREA.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00523-00085475-00085662": "SO TO ME, THAT’S A CONTROL.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00524-00085662-00085762": "IT’S HOW YOU CONTROL YOUR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00525-00085762-00085909": "EMPLOYEES AND HOW YOU CONTROL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00526-00085909-00085995": "THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00527-00085995-00086062": "COMMUNITY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00528-00086062-00086406": "I BELIEVE ANTHONY CAN DIVERSIFY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00529-00086406-00086519": "I BELIEVE ANTHONY CAN LOOK", "jT5kXYduEeM-00530-00086519-00086653": "OUTSIDE THE BOX AND BRING OTHER", "jT5kXYduEeM-00531-00086653-00086896": "THINGS TO THE COAL COUNTIES OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00532-00086896-00087097": "SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00533-00087497-00087567": ">> HOW ARE YOU DOING?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00534-00087567-00087747": "HOW’S IT GOING SO FAR?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00535-00087747-00087907": ">> IT’S GOING GREAT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00536-00087907-00088017": "I’M GREAT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00537-00088017-00088084": ">> THAT’S FANTASTIC.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00538-00088084-00088321": "HOW MANY DAYS HAS IT BEEN?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00539-00088321-00088631": ">> YEAH, A MONTH AND A DAY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00540-00088631-00088755": ">> I HAVE THE HOPE THAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00541-00088755-00088995": "BEING IN CONGRESS, I COULD BOTH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00542-00088995-00089192": "SPEAK ABOUT THESE THINGS IN A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00543-00089192-00089305": "WAY THAT WOULD MOTIVATE PEOPLE,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00544-00089305-00089559": "BUT ALSO PASS LEGISLATION THAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00545-00089559-00089699": "WOULD CHANGE THIS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00546-00089699-00089886": "I REALLY HAVE NO POLITICAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00547-00089886-00089979": "ASPIRATIONS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00548-00089979-00090240": "FOR ME, IT’S REALLY AN EXTENSION", "jT5kXYduEeM-00549-00090240-00090373": "OF THE WORK THAT I’VE BEEN DOING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00550-00090373-00090540": "AT THE LOCAL LEVEL FOR A LITTLE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00551-00090540-00090633": "MORE THAN THREE DECADES.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00552-00090633-00090767": ">> THAT MAKES ME HAPPY TO HEAR.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00553-00090767-00090834": ">> YEAH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00554-00090834-00090944": ">> THE BIG QUESTION IS,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00555-00090944-00091144": "CAN WE BUILD AN ECONOMY THAT’S", "jT5kXYduEeM-00556-00091144-00091344": "GOOD FOR PEOPLE WITHOUT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00557-00091344-00091594": "EXTRACTING AND RUINING THE LAND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00558-00091594-00091715": "THAT WE ULTIMATELY DEPEND ON.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00559-00091715-00091831": "THAT’S THE BOTTOM LINE IN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00560-00091831-00091935": "EVERYTHING, RIGHT?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00561-00091935-00092045": "DO WE WANT TO BUILD OUT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00562-00092045-00092215": "INFRASTRUCTURE AT MANY BILLIONS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00563-00092215-00092452": "OF DOLLARS OF COST FOR THE OLD", "jT5kXYduEeM-00564-00092452-00092625": "GRID, FOR A GRID BASED ON", "jT5kXYduEeM-00565-00092625-00092772": "EXTRACTION BECAUSE NOT ONLY IS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00566-00092772-00092972": "THIS GAS PASSING THROUGH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00567-00092972-00093159": "COMMUNITIES AND POSING RISKS AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00568-00093159-00093343": "THREATS, BUT IT’S COMING FROM", "jT5kXYduEeM-00569-00093343-00093596": "FRACKED WELLS NOT TOO FAR FROM", "jT5kXYduEeM-00570-00093596-00093713": "US IN WEST VIRGINIA AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00571-00093713-00093820": "PENNSYLVANIA, WHERE THERE’S A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00572-00093820-00093980": "LOT OF DAMAGE GOING ON.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00573-00093980-00094104": "AND THEN ULTIMATELY BETWEEN THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00574-00094104-00094254": "FRACKING AND THE PIPES, WE’RE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00575-00094254-00094387": "GETTING METHANE THAT’S GOING OUT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00576-00094387-00094541": "INTO THE ATMOSPHERE THAT’S", "jT5kXYduEeM-00577-00094541-00094671": "CONTRIBUTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00578-00094671-00094891": "SO, THERE’S A LOT OF REASONS NOT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00579-00094891-00095145": "TO CONTINUE TO INVEST BILLIONS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00580-00095145-00095251": "AND BILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00581-00095251-00095385": "INFRASTRUCTURE THAT ENABLES", "jT5kXYduEeM-00582-00095385-00095548": "THAT, BUT TO TAKE THAT MONEY AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00583-00095548-00095769": "INVEST IT IN THE GRID AND THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00584-00095769-00095939": "ENERGY SOURCES THAT MOVES US", "jT5kXYduEeM-00585-00095939-00096126": "AWAY FROM THIS KIND OF CARBON", "jT5kXYduEeM-00586-00096126-00096196": "DEPENDENCE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00587-00096196-00096399": "IF WE TRY HARD ENOUGH, WE CAN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00588-00096399-00096579": "USUALLY FIND WAYS TO PUT PEOPLE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00589-00096579-00096883": "TO WORK WITH LITTLE OR NO HARM", "jT5kXYduEeM-00590-00096883-00096976": "TO THE COMMUNITY AND THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00591-00096976-00097043": "ECOSYSTEM.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00592-00097043-00097303": "WE JUST DEFAULT TO THESE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00593-00097303-00097444": "PROJECTS WHERE WE’RE CHOOSING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00594-00097444-00097540": "BETWEEN JOBS AND THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00595-00097540-00097607": "ENVIRONMENT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00596-00097607-00097721": "AND THAT’S THIS FALSE CHOICE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00597-00097721-00097907": "THAT’S BEEN RUINOUS FOR SO MANY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00598-00097907-00097977": "PLACES.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00599-00097977-00098121": "WE GOTTA FIND THE ALTERNATIVES", "jT5kXYduEeM-00600-00098121-00098251": "SO WE’RE NOT STUCK WITH THAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00601-00098251-00098411": "FALSE CHOICE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00602-00098411-00101451": "♪ [MUSIC PLAYING] ♪", "jT5kXYduEeM-00603-00101484-00102084": ">> I THINK HONESTLY WHAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00604-00101581-00101728": "MAKES THIS CAMPAIGN DIFFERENT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00605-00101728-00101981": "AND OUR CANDIDATE DIFFERENT IS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00606-00101981-00102125": "THE SENSE OF FAMILY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00607-00102125-00102298": "ALL OF OUR VOLUNTEERS, EVEN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00608-00102298-00102509": "THOUGH WE’VE GOT THEM SPREAD OUT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00609-00102509-00102695": "OVER SUCH A LARGE DISTANCE, THEY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00610-00102695-00102846": "HAVE ACCESS TO ANTHONY IF THEY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00611-00102846-00102979": "WANT TO TALK TO HIM, HE’S JUST A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00612-00102979-00103146": "CALL OR AN EMAIL AWAY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00613-00103146-00103273": "SOME OF THE CAMPAIGNS THAT I’VE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00614-00103273-00103523": "SEEN BEFORE, A LOT OF TIMES, THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00615-00103523-00103760": "PEOPLE ON YOUR STAFF BARELY SEE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00616-00103760-00103913": "YOUR CANDIDATE AND IN SOME", "jT5kXYduEeM-00617-00103913-00104090": "CAMPAIGNS, THERE ARE EVEN SOME", "jT5kXYduEeM-00618-00104090-00104264": "SORT OF UNSPOKEN RULES THAT THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00619-00104264-00104391": "CANDIDATE DOESN’T TALK TO THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00620-00104391-00104457": "STAFF.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00621-00104457-00104611": "LIKE HE ONLY GETS TO TALK TO THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00622-00104611-00104888": "UPPER LEVEL AND THAT’S JUST NOT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00623-00104888-00105018": "THE WAY WE DO THINGS HERE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00624-00105018-00105298": "BECAUSE PART OF WHAT WE BELIEVE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00625-00105298-00105482": "IS THAT IF WE’RE GOING TO BE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00626-00105482-00105585": "REPRESENTING THE PEOPLE OF THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00627-00105585-00105715": "NINTH DISTRICT, THEY NEED TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00628-00105715-00105899": "KNOW WHO ANTHONY IS ON A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00629-00105899-00106042": "PERSONAL LEVEL AND THEY NEED TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00630-00106042-00106196": "KNOW EACH OF THE STAFF ON A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00631-00106196-00106279": "PERSONAL LEVEL.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00632-00106279-00106406": ">> WHAT WOULD MAKE IT EASIER", "jT5kXYduEeM-00633-00106406-00106669": "FOR YOU AS SOMEBODY’S WHO FIELD", "jT5kXYduEeM-00634-00106669-00106873": "DIRECTING A CAMPAIGN?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00635-00106873-00107016": ">> I THINK THERE ARE A LOT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00636-00107016-00107090": "OF THINGS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00637-00107090-00107500": "JUST FROM THE TOP, I THINK, WE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00638-00107500-00107674": "CAN’T SAY WE WANT CANDIDATES", "jT5kXYduEeM-00639-00107674-00107841": "LIKE THIS TO RUN AND THEN GIVE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00640-00107841-00108044": "THEM NO SUPPORT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00641-00108044-00108201": "WHAT WE SEE ALL OVER THE COUNTRY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00642-00108201-00108344": "IS WHEN WE GET GOOD PEOPLE TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00643-00108344-00108641": "RUN, THEY’RE ONLY GIVEN A CHANCE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00644-00108641-00108862": "AFTER THEY’VE ALREADY GOT THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00645-00108862-00108975": "SUPPORT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00646-00108975-00109212": "IT’S REALLY A CALL FOR ALL THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00647-00109212-00109355": "ORGANIZATIONS OUT THERE, THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00648-00109355-00109616": "PARTY, EVERYBODY TO TAKE REAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00649-00109616-00109886": "HARD LOOK AT CANDIDATES AND ASK", "jT5kXYduEeM-00650-00109886-00110056": "THEMSELVES, DO WE WANT THIS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00651-00110056-00110156": "PERSON TO RUN?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00652-00110156-00110323": "DO WE WANT THEM TO SUCCEED AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00653-00110323-00110450": "BE SERIOUS ABOUT IT?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00654-00110450-00110657": "PEOPLE ARE DONE BEING FORGOTTEN.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00655-00110657-00110850": "THEY ARE FINISHED WITH THAT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00656-00110850-00110960": "WE’RE FIGHTING BACK.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00657-00110960-00111067": "WE’RE PUTTING THE FIGHT BACK", "jT5kXYduEeM-00658-00111067-00111287": "INTO THE NINTH AND OUR PEOPLE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00659-00111287-00111404": "ARE REPRESENTING THAT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00660-00111404-00111611": ">> HAD WHAT, WE PUT UP THREE OR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00661-00111611-00111698": "FOUR SIGNS?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00662-00111698-00111765": ">> YEP.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00663-00111765-00111965": ">> AND WE ALSO HAD QUITE A FEW", "jT5kXYduEeM-00664-00111965-00112142": "PEOPLE, ONE LADY WASN’T SURE AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00665-00112142-00112348": "THEN AS WE LEFT SHE SAID, I’M", "jT5kXYduEeM-00666-00112348-00112465": "VOTING FOR YOU.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00667-00112465-00112582": ">> I’M VOTING, YEAH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00668-00112582-00112732": ">> AND SEVERAL OTHER WHO WERE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00669-00112732-00113086": "SAYING THAT THERE WERE WON OVER", "jT5kXYduEeM-00670-00113086-00113153": "ALREADY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00671-00113153-00113233": "ONE EVEN MENTIONED THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00672-00113233-00113406": "COMMERCIALS AND SAID THAT THEY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00673-00113406-00113506": "WERE REALLY IMPRESSED WITH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00674-00113506-00113573": "THOSE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00675-00113573-00113680": ">> FANTASTIC.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00676-00113680-00113763": "SO YOU’RE HEADING BACK TO GIVE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00677-00113763-00113843": "SOME MORE SIGNS OUT?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00678-00113843-00114000": ">> WELL, TO KNOCK ON SOME MORE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00679-00114000-00114067": "DOORS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00680-00114067-00114167": "WE’VE BEEN LEAVING SIGNS AS WE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00681-00114167-00114240": "WENT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00682-00114240-00114314": ">> YEAH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00683-00114314-00114380": ">> YEAH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00684-00114380-00114447": ">> HOW MANY SIGNS HAVE YOU", "jT5kXYduEeM-00685-00114447-00114517": "GOTTEN RID OF THIS MORNING?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00686-00114517-00114614": ">> I THINK FOUR?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00687-00114614-00114684": ">> FOUR, FOUR.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00688-00114684-00114781": ">> I THINK, YEAH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00689-00114781-00114854": ">> NOT BAD.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00690-00114854-00114924": ">> YEAH, YEAH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00691-00114924-00115044": ">> IT’S BEEN A VERY POSITIVE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00692-00115044-00115111": "EXPERIENCE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00693-00115111-00115215": ">> YES, WELL IT’S NOT OVER", "jT5kXYduEeM-00694-00115215-00115281": "YET.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00695-00115281-00115405": ">> IS THIS YOUR FIRST TIME?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00696-00115405-00115502": ">> YES, IT IS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00697-00115502-00115598": ">> SHE’S A VIRGIN.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00698-00115598-00115668": ">> SHE’S A NEWBIE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00699-00115668-00115735": "[LAUGHTER]", "jT5kXYduEeM-00700-00115735-00115832": ">> THE WHOLE ARE IS VERY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00701-00115832-00115899": "CONSERVATIVE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00702-00115899-00116199": "I HAVE LIVED HERE ALL MY LIFE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00703-00116199-00116392": "AND ALWAYS WAS JUST A QUIET", "jT5kXYduEeM-00704-00116392-00116649": "LIBERAL, AND ONE OF THE JOYS OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00705-00116649-00116763": "BECOMING INVOLVED IN THIS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00706-00116763-00116943": "CAMPAIGN FOR THE VERY FIRST TIME", "jT5kXYduEeM-00707-00116943-00117240": "IS THAT I HAVE MET MORE AND MORE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00708-00117240-00117527": "PEOPLE WHO HAVE FINALLY COME OUT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00709-00117527-00117707": "AS LIBERALS OR COME OUT AS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00710-00117707-00117814": "DEMOCRATS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00711-00117814-00118037": "AND SO, IT IS A CONSERVATIVE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00712-00118037-00118284": "AREA WITH A LOVELY GROUP OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00713-00118284-00118468": "LIBERALS WHO ARE FINALLY COMING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00714-00118468-00118661": "OUT AS PROGRESSIVES OR LIBERALS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00715-00118661-00118868": "I PERSONALLY, CAME INTO THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00716-00118868-00119055": "CAMPAIGN BECAUSE OF GUN VIOLENCE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00717-00119055-00119122": "IN THE SCHOOLS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00718-00119122-00119546": "THAT WAS THE THING THAT I JUST", "jT5kXYduEeM-00719-00119546-00119716": "COULD NOT TAKE IT ANYMORE AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00720-00119716-00119849": "CONGRESS JUST KEPT ON DOING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00721-00119849-00119993": "NOTHING ABOUT IT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00722-00119993-00120159": "AND SO THAT WAS WHAT LED ME TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00723-00120159-00120330": "MY FIRST DEMOCRATIC MEETING.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00724-00120330-00120583": "I HAVE NOT BEEN POLITICALLY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00725-00120583-00120887": "ACTIVE LIKE MEREDITH HAS IN AN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00726-00120887-00120987": "OPEN WAY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00727-00120987-00121291": "AND SO THAT WAS SOMETHING THAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00728-00121291-00121544": "REALLY UPSET ME VERY MUCH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00729-00121544-00121708": ">> THE THING THAT MOST", "jT5kXYduEeM-00730-00121708-00121921": "ATTRACTED ME ABOUT ANTHONY AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00731-00121921-00122208": "THE CAMPAIGN IS MORE AROUND A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00732-00122208-00122318": "GENERAL THING ABOUT HIS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00733-00122318-00122592": "INTEGRITY AND HIS HONESTY AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00734-00122592-00122839": "YOU KNOW, THE FACT THAT HIS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00735-00122839-00123116": "WILLINGNESS TO LISTEN TO PEOPLE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00736-00123116-00123520": "AND REALLY TAKE IN TREVA’S", "jT5kXYduEeM-00737-00123520-00123650": "ISSUES AND MY ISSUES AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00738-00123650-00123836": "EVERYONE’S INPUT ABOUT WHAT’S", "jT5kXYduEeM-00739-00123836-00124137": "IMPORTANT TO US IN THE NINTH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00740-00124137-00124204": "DISTRICT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00741-00124204-00124357": "SO, I CERTAINLY AGREE WITH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00742-00124357-00124544": "ECONOMIC ISSUES, BUILDING OUR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00743-00124544-00124814": "COMMUNITIES FROM THE GROUND UP.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00744-00124814-00125081": "I THINK THAT’S A VERY IMPORTANT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00745-00125081-00125231": "ISSUE WHERE I LIVE IN FLOYD AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00746-00125231-00125318": "RINER.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00747-00125318-00125625": "I THINK WE’RE GOING TO SEE ALL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00748-00125625-00125755": "OUR DEMOCRATS TURN OUT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00749-00125755-00125939": "I THINK WE’RE GOING TO SEE ALL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00750-00125939-00126045": "OUR INDEPENDENTS AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00751-00126045-00126239": "PROGRESSIVES AND PEOPLE WHO SAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00752-00126239-00126533": "OUT THE 2016 ELECTION, POURING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00753-00126533-00126756": "OUT OF THEIR HOMES AND HOUSES", "jT5kXYduEeM-00754-00126756-00126933": "AND GOING TO THE POLLS THIS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00755-00126933-00127000": "TIME.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00756-00127000-00127180": "AND I THINK IT’S BOTH BECAUSE OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00757-00127180-00127430": "WHAT HAS HAPPENED SINCE 2016 AND", "jT5kXYduEeM-00758-00127430-00127794": "ALSO THE FACT THAT ANTHONY HAS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00759-00127794-00128017": "DONE, BY THE END OF THIS,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00760-00128017-00128114": "HE WILL HAVE DONE 100 TOWN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00761-00128114-00128184": "HALLS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00762-00128184-00128318": "HE WILL HAVE TALKED TO THOUSANDS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00763-00128318-00128394": "AND THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE ACROSS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00764-00128394-00128521": "THE NINTH DISTRICT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00765-00128521-00128731": "I ALWAYS TELL FOLKS THAT IN THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00766-00128731-00128925": "FIRST TWO MONTHS JUST IN FLOYD", "jT5kXYduEeM-00767-00128925-00129119": "COUNTY, HE HAD TALKED TO MORE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00768-00129119-00129279": "PEOPLE THAN MORGAN GRIFFITH HAS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00769-00129279-00129382": "IN EIGHT YEARS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00770-00129382-00129582": "I THINK THAT’S GOING TO PAY OFF.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00771-00129749-00129856": ">> WHAT WOULD MAKE IT EASIER", "jT5kXYduEeM-00772-00129856-00129999": "FOR PEOPLE LIKE YOU TO RUN?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00773-00129999-00130133": "BECAUSE IN A WAY, YOU’RE KIND OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00774-00130133-00130320": "DOWNPLAYING JUST HOW TOUGH THIS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00775-00130320-00130393": "JOB IS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00776-00130393-00130517": ">> ONE OF THE BIGGEST", "jT5kXYduEeM-00777-00130517-00130680": "PROBLEMS IS JUST HOW MUCH MONEY", "jT5kXYduEeM-00778-00130680-00130780": "THERE IS IN POLITICS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00779-00130780-00130897": "SO, THERE’S NOT A LEVEL PLAYING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00780-00130897-00131024": "FIELD IN TERMS OF GETTING YOUR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00781-00131024-00131187": "IDEAS OUT THERE TO NORMAL PEOPLE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00782-00131187-00131267": "AND SO FORTH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00783-00131267-00131428": "MORE SUPPORT FROM PERHAPS THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00784-00131428-00131701": "DEMOCRATIC PARTY SO THAT, YOU", "jT5kXYduEeM-00785-00131701-00131925": "KNOW, YOU’RE STARTING OFF AS A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00786-00131925-00132108": "NEW POLITICIAN AND YOU DON’T", "jT5kXYduEeM-00787-00132108-00132282": "REALLY KNOW ALL THE ROPES.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00788-00132282-00132398": "IF HE COULD HAVE HAD A LITTLE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00789-00132398-00132715": "HELP WITH, HOW YOU DO THIS,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00790-00132715-00132802": "HERE’S WHAT YOU SHOULD DO.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00791-00132802-00132956": "YOU KNOW IT’S BEEN A REAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00792-00132956-00133032": "LEARNING CURVE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00793-00133032-00133119": ">> PUBLICLY FUNDED", "jT5kXYduEeM-00794-00133119-00133253": "ELECTIONS WOULD MAKE AN ENORMOUS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00795-00133253-00133319": "DIFFERENCE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00796-00133319-00133563": "IF SIMPLY IF YOU DID NOT HAVE TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00797-00133563-00133693": "BE EITHER RICH YOURSELF, WHICH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00798-00133693-00133880": "MANY PEOPLE RUNNING FOR SENATE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00799-00133880-00134027": "AND CONGRESS ARE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00800-00134027-00134120": "IF YOU WANT TO BE A WORKING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00801-00134120-00134244": "PERSON WHO HAS TO DO WITHOUT AN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00802-00134244-00134400": "INCOME FOR A FULL YEAR AS I’VE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00803-00134400-00134534": "BASICALLY DONE, AS WE’VE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00804-00134534-00134601": "DONE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00805-00134601-00134687": "HAVING PUBLICLY FUNDED", "jT5kXYduEeM-00806-00134687-00134874": "ELECTIONS, SOME SORT OF SYSTEM", "jT5kXYduEeM-00807-00134874-00135058": "WHERE PEOPLE WOULD QUALIFY FOR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00808-00135058-00135245": "PUBLIC SUPPORT TO MATCH LOCAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00809-00135245-00135432": "DONORS WOULD MAKE AN ENORMOUS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00810-00135432-00135498": "DIFFERENCE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00811-00135498-00135605": "BECAUSE FUNDRAISING IS THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00812-00135605-00135822": "SINGLE BIGGEST BURDEN.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00813-00135822-00135989": "THE REST OF IT, THE ORGANIZING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00814-00135989-00136146": "OF THE TOWN HALLS, THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00815-00136146-00136279": "DEVELOPMENT OF CORPS OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00816-00136279-00136426": "VOLUNTEERS THAT CUT ACROSS THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00817-00136426-00136599": "SPECTRUM, THAT TO ME HAS BEEN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00818-00136599-00136679": "THE FUN PART.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00819-00136679-00136916": "AND THAT, I THINK IS KIND OF A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00820-00136916-00137046": "PRETTY EFFECTIVE GRASSROOTS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00821-00137046-00137180": "MODEL THAT WE HAVE TO OFFER TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00822-00137180-00137293": "OTHER CAMPAIGNS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00823-00137293-00137360": ">> WHAT’S YOUR MESSAGE TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00824-00137360-00137627": "OTHER PEOPLE THAT LOOK AT THIS,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00825-00137627-00137767": "BOTH THE NEED AND THE CHALLENGES", "jT5kXYduEeM-00826-00137767-00137901": "AND ARE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00827-00137901-00137971": "CALCULUS?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00828-00137971-00138041": ">> WE’RE PLANNING TO WIN.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00829-00138041-00138144": "WE THINK WE’RE GOING TO WIN.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00830-00138144-00138358": "IF WE DON’T WIN, THE LEGACY OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00831-00138358-00138551": "THIS CAMPAIGN, I HOPE WILL BE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00832-00138551-00138741": "FIRST OF ALL, A MUCH MORE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00833-00138741-00138898": "ENERGIZED AND DIVERSE POLITICAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00834-00138898-00139085": "BASE IN SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00835-00139085-00139152": ">> I THINK THERE’S GOING TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00836-00139152-00139289": "BE A SURPRISE ON ELECTION DAY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00837-00139289-00139436": "WE JUST SAW IT IN NEW YORK WHERE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00838-00139436-00139596": "A VERY POWERFUL CANDIDATE, NOT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00839-00139596-00139736": "UNLIKE YOURS, BUT IN OFFICE A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00840-00139736-00139906": "LONG TIME, THOUGHT NO ONE WAS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00841-00139906-00140106": "GOING TO CHALLENGE HIM, EVER.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00842-00140106-00140350": "HAD NO FEAR OF A GRASSROOTS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00843-00140350-00140550": "CANDIDATE AND FOUND HIMSELF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00844-00140550-00140733": "OUSTED BY A 28 YEAR OLD FIRST", "jT5kXYduEeM-00845-00140733-00140957": "TIMER WHO RAN AS A DEMOCRATIC", "jT5kXYduEeM-00846-00140957-00141080": "SOCIALIST.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00847-00141080-00141227": "WITH A VERY SIMILAR CAMPAIGN TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00848-00141227-00141294": "YOURS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00849-00141294-00141538": "SO, LET’S ASSUME FOR A MINUTE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00850-00141538-00141674": "THAT THAT HAPPENS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00851-00141674-00141878": "THEN WHAT’S YOUR MESSAGE?", "jT5kXYduEeM-00852-00141878-00142068": ">> FIRST, QUIT GIVING UP", "jT5kXYduEeM-00853-00142068-00142218": "ON RURAL COMMUNITIES.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00854-00142218-00142439": "NOT ONLY THE DEMOCRATIC PARTIES,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00855-00142439-00142675": "BUT THE LARGER SORT OF LIBERAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00856-00142675-00142809": "ESTABLISHMENT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00857-00142809-00142999": "QUIT THAT NONSENSE AND START", "jT5kXYduEeM-00858-00142999-00143139": "PUTTING TIME AND ENERGY INTO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00859-00143139-00143206": "THOSE COMMUNITIES.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00860-00143206-00143376": "EVEN IF IT MEANS A LITTLE BIT OF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00861-00143376-00143510": "TRADE-OFFS IN TERMS OF WHERE YOU", "jT5kXYduEeM-00862-00143510-00143623": "SPEND ON THE FUNDING.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00863-00143623-00143740": "SECOND, STOP ASSUMING THAT THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00864-00143740-00143897": "ONLY PEOPLE THAT CAN WIN IN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00865-00143897-00144020": "RURAL AREAS ARE PEOPLE WHO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00866-00144020-00144144": "ESSENTIALLY ARE REPUBLICAN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00867-00144144-00144210": "LIGHT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00868-00144210-00144334": "I’M NOT REPUBLICAN LIGHT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00869-00144334-00144614": "AND HAVE A BOLD MESSAGE THAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00870-00144614-00144828": "SPEAKS DIRECTLY TO PEOPLE THAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00871-00144828-00144931": "ARE STRUGGLING AND SUFFERING.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00872-00144931-00145131": "THAT’S WHAT PEOPLE WANT TO HEAR.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00873-00145131-00145235": "THAT’S WHAT I’M ABOUT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00874-00145235-00145338": "THAT’S WHY I’M SAYING IT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00875-00145338-00145512": "THOSE I THINK ARE THE TWO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00876-00145512-00145578": "BIGGEST THINGS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00877-00145578-00145825": "AND THEN THE THIRD THING, DON’T", "jT5kXYduEeM-00878-00145825-00145939": "PAY TOO MUCH ATTENTION TO THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00879-00145939-00146166": "POLITICAL CONSULTANTS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00880-00146166-00146362": "FOCUS ON WHAT YOU KNOW FROM", "jT5kXYduEeM-00881-00146362-00146529": "EXPERIENCE WORKS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00882-00146553-00147464": "♪ [MUSIC PLAYING] ♪", "jT5kXYduEeM-00883-00147497-00147600": ">> SO AS I HEADED OFF TO", "jT5kXYduEeM-00884-00147600-00147787": "SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA TO REPORT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00885-00147787-00147941": "THIS STORY, I HAVE TO ADMIT, I", "jT5kXYduEeM-00886-00147941-00148104": "WONDERED IF I WAS GOING IN THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00887-00148104-00148211": "WRONG DIRECTION.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00888-00148211-00148381": "THE NATION’S EYES AT THE TIME", "jT5kXYduEeM-00889-00148381-00148511": "WERE ALL ON THE KAVANAUGH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00890-00148511-00148578": "HEARINGS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00891-00148578-00148795": "A WHOLE LOT OF MY WOMEN FRIENDS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00892-00148795-00148932": "WERE IN WASHINGTON, D.C.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00893-00148932-00149125": "PROTESTING THE SUPREME COURT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00894-00149125-00149389": "NOMINATION AND I WAS IN A REMOTE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00895-00149389-00149549": "PART OF RURAL AMERICA WITH A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00896-00149549-00149762": "CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN THAT BIG", "jT5kXYduEeM-00897-00149762-00149989": "DONORS AND D.C. DEMOCRATS DIDN’T", "jT5kXYduEeM-00898-00149989-00150076": "SEEM TO CARE ABOUT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00899-00150076-00150283": "AND YET, I HAVE TO SAY THAT AS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00900-00150283-00150580": "SOON AS I SET FOOT IN THE NINTH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00901-00150580-00150840": "DISTRICT, I KNEW I WAS IN THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00902-00150840-00150924": "RIGHT PLACE.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00903-00150924-00151111": "I’VE KNOWN FLACCAVENTO FOR YEARS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00904-00151111-00151244": "ON ACCOUNT OF HIS WORK ON BOTTOM", "jT5kXYduEeM-00905-00151244-00151324": "UP ECONOMICS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00906-00151324-00151631": "OUR PATHS FIRST CROSSED IN THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00907-00151631-00151751": "1980'S DURING THE HISTORIC", "jT5kXYduEeM-00908-00151751-00151945": "STRIKE AT PITTSTON COAL.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00909-00151945-00152051": "AND I’D INTERVIEWED HIM A FEW", "jT5kXYduEeM-00910-00152051-00152188": "TIMES ABOUT HIS WORK WITH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00911-00152188-00152322": "APPALACHIAN SUSTAINABLE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00912-00152322-00152509": "DEVELOPMENT, THE NON-PROFIT THAT", "jT5kXYduEeM-00913-00152509-00152699": "HELPS FAMILY FARMERS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00914-00152699-00152886": "THE LONGER I WAS IN VIRGINIA,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00915-00152886-00153139": "THE CLEARER THINGS BECAME.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00916-00153139-00153299": "ALL THE KEY PLAYERS IN THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00917-00153299-00153516": "KAVANAUGH DRAMA HAIL FROM RURAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00918-00153516-00153606": "AMERICA.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00919-00153606-00153766": "FROM JUDICIARY COMMITTEE CHAIR", "jT5kXYduEeM-00920-00153766-00153987": "GRASSLEY TO SENATE LEADER MITCH", "jT5kXYduEeM-00921-00153987-00154217": "MCCONNELL TO TURNCOAT DEMOCRAT,", "jT5kXYduEeM-00922-00154217-00154420": "JOE MANCHIN FROM WEST VIRGINIA.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00923-00154420-00154641": "HAVING MORE REAL, RURAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00924-00154641-00154851": "PROGRESSIVES IN CONGRESS COULD", "jT5kXYduEeM-00925-00154851-00155011": "FUNDAMENTALLY CHANGE THIS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00926-00155011-00155185": "COUNTRY’S POLITICS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00927-00155185-00155351": "BUT RUNNING’S NOT EASY.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00928-00155351-00155592": "FLAC HAS A FIGHTING CHANCE IN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00929-00155592-00155705": "WHAT THEY CALL THE FIGHTING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00930-00155705-00155785": "NINTH.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00931-00155785-00155932": "AND A WIN LIKE HIS COULD BE A", "jT5kXYduEeM-00932-00155932-00156059": "TIPPING POINT.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00933-00156059-00156189": "BUT THE POINT OF THIS STORY IS", "jT5kXYduEeM-00934-00156189-00156316": "REALLY TO SAY THAT IT COULD BE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00935-00156316-00156543": "MADE A WHOLE LOT EASIER IF", "jT5kXYduEeM-00936-00156543-00156719": "PEOPLE IN WASHINGTON AND THE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00937-00156719-00156996": "MEDIA STOPPED WRITING OFF RURAL", "jT5kXYduEeM-00938-00156996-00157137": "CHANGE MAKERS.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00939-00157137-00157350": "THE SENTIMENT THAT I HEARD AGAIN", "jT5kXYduEeM-00940-00157350-00157494": "AND AGAIN FROM VIRGINIA", "jT5kXYduEeM-00941-00157494-00157687": "PROGRESSIVES WAS THAT THEY WERE", "jT5kXYduEeM-00942-00157687-00157837": "FED UP WITH BEING", "jT5kXYduEeM-00943-00157837-00158004": "UNDERESTIMATED.", "jT5kXYduEeM-00944-00158047-00158648": "♪ [THEME MUSIC] ♪"}}, {"audio_id": "jTIr6PRHGI8", "text": {"jTIr6PRHGI8-00000-00000010-00000056": "THURSDAY, JUNE 14TH AT 8:00", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00001-00000056-00000063": "THURSDAY, JUNE 14TH AT 8:00", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00002-00000063-00000166": "THURSDAY, JUNE 14TH AT 8:00 A.M. AND IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC.", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00003-00000166-00000173": "THURSDAY, JUNE 14TH AT 8:00 A.M. AND IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC.", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00004-00000173-00000323": "THURSDAY, JUNE 14TH AT 8:00 A.M. AND IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC. >>> IT'S OFFICIAL.", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00005-00000323-00000330": "A.M. AND IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC. >>> IT'S OFFICIAL.", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00006-00000330-00000543": "A.M. AND IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC. >>> IT'S OFFICIAL.  THE LAPORTE PUBLIC SCHOOL'S", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00007-00000543-00000550": ">>> IT'S OFFICIAL.  THE LAPORTE PUBLIC SCHOOL'S", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00008-00000550-00000754": ">>> IT'S OFFICIAL.  THE LAPORTE PUBLIC SCHOOL'S  MUSIC PROGRAM IS BACK.", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00009-00000754-00000760": "THE LAPORTE PUBLIC SCHOOL'S  MUSIC PROGRAM IS BACK.", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00010-00000760-00000854": "THE LAPORTE PUBLIC SCHOOL'S  MUSIC PROGRAM IS BACK. WE TOLD YOU LAST WEEK THAT", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00011-00000854-00000860": "MUSIC PROGRAM IS BACK. WE TOLD YOU LAST WEEK THAT", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00012-00000860-00001014": "MUSIC PROGRAM IS BACK. WE TOLD YOU LAST WEEK THAT  SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS WERE", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00013-00001014-00001021": "WE TOLD YOU LAST WEEK THAT  SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS WERE", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00014-00001021-00001174": "WE TOLD YOU LAST WEEK THAT  SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS WERE  EXPECTED TO VOTE TO RESCIND", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00015-00001174-00001181": "SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS WERE  EXPECTED TO VOTE TO RESCIND", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00016-00001181-00001324": "SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS WERE  EXPECTED TO VOTE TO RESCIND  THEIR PREVIOUS DECISION TO", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00017-00001324-00001331": "EXPECTED TO VOTE TO RESCIND  THEIR PREVIOUS DECISION TO", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00018-00001331-00001434": "EXPECTED TO VOTE TO RESCIND  THEIR PREVIOUS DECISION TO  ELIMINATE THE MUSIC PROGRAM.", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00019-00001434-00001441": "THEIR PREVIOUS DECISION TO  ELIMINATE THE MUSIC PROGRAM.", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00020-00001441-00001598": "THEIR PREVIOUS DECISION TO  ELIMINATE THE MUSIC PROGRAM. LAST NIGHT THE BOARD FOLLOWED", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00021-00001598-00001604": "ELIMINATE THE MUSIC PROGRAM. LAST NIGHT THE BOARD FOLLOWED", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00022-00001604-00001808": "ELIMINATE THE MUSIC PROGRAM. LAST NIGHT THE BOARD FOLLOWED  THROUGH AND DID JUST THAT.", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00023-00001808-00001815": "LAST NIGHT THE BOARD FOLLOWED  THROUGH AND DID JUST THAT.", "jTIr6PRHGI8-00024-00001815-00001878": "LAST NIGHT THE BOARD FOLLOWED  THROUGH AND DID JUST THAT. A MEETING TO DISCUSS HOW THE"}}, {"audio_id": "jTRNm8HVYhc", "text": {"jTRNm8HVYhc-00000-00000158-00000701": "0:00-5:14 We have different kinds of telecommunication access solutions; for example, we have a fixed", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00001-00000701-00000946": "line internet and we have mobile phones.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00002-00000946-00001266": "We have narrowband and broadband.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00003-00001266-00001630": "And you have a choice now, what kind of technology of telecommunication technology are we talking", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00004-00001630-00001730": "about?", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00005-00001730-00002285": "Do you think the digital divide is closed and do you have access if you just have a", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00006-00002285-00002447": "mobile phone?", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00007-00002447-00002693": "Or no, do you need to have broadband?", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00008-00002693-00003334": "There is a different choice you have to discuss for how to measure it.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00009-00003334-00003850": "One alternative would be we just say well, I don’t care, you have a choice you can", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00010-00003850-00004207": "access the internet through a mobile or through a fixed solution.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00011-00004207-00004489": "So lets add them all up, we add them all up.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00012-00004489-00005099": "So let’s say all mobile phones in the world, all fixed line internet connections so you", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00013-00005099-00005470": "have to have access to the internet but we don’t care if its fixed or mobile or a broadband", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00014-00005470-00005588": "or narrowband.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00015-00005588-00005906": "Let’s have a first look at the digital divide.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00016-00005906-00006469": "This is the digital divide in terms of the number of ICT subscriptions.We can see here", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00017-00006469-00007231": "in the year 2001, that in the developed world, a richer more industrial developed countries.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00018-00007231-00007645": "We had an average 1.2 devices per person.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00019-00007645-00008161": "And in the developing countries, you had less than 1 device per person, meaning that not", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00020-00008161-00008650": "everybody had access to an ICT solution.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00021-00008650-00009081": "We have 0.2 devices subscriptions per person.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00022-00009081-00009738": "If we now make a ratio of this, we can made a divide 1.2 divided by 0.2 gives us a divide", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00023-00009738-00009874": "of 6 to 1.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00024-00009874-00010503": "Alright, then 5 years later in 2006, let’s look at this evolution of this divide in the", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00025-00010503-00010603": "developed countries.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00026-00010603-00011336": "The average subscriptions increased to 1.5 devices per person and in the developing countries,", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00027-00011336-00011628": "it increased even more, more than double.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00028-00011628-00012235": "It went up to 0.5 devices per person, which means that every second person, 50% of society", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00029-00012235-00012531": "already had access to an ICT solution.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00030-00012531-00012667": "So we calculate the divide again.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00031-00012667-00013036": "1.5 divided by 3 gives a divide of 3 to 1.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00032-00013036-00013197": "So the divide closed.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00033-00013197-00013554": "It closed from 6 to 1 to 3 to 1.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00034-00013554-00013668": "It’s now smaller.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00035-00013668-00014140": "And this is actually the most common way that people look at the digital divide, they just", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00036-00014140-00014733": "count the number of devices of subscriptions and then they say, \"here there are so many", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00037-00014733-00015119": "subscribers here there are so many subscribers and then here is the divide.\"", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00038-00015119-00015676": "Obviously, what we do not consider here now is that not all devices are equal.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00039-00015676-00016215": "A mobile phone in developed countries most certainly won’t be the same as a mobile", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00040-00016215-00016370": "phone in developing countries.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00041-00016370-00016579": "We know there is a qualitative differences.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00042-00016579-00016909": "So we need to also look at that: at the bandwidth.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00043-00016909-00017670": "And that is shown in this graph here, let’s see if you can read this graph.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00044-00017670-00018078": "So first, we have different bubbles which are countries, and then we have to access", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00045-00018078-00018668": "the horizontal x axis which shows us the number of subscriptions per capita per person.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00046-00018668-00019259": "So, here these people have on average one subscription per capita That means on average,", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00047-00019259-00019579": "everybody has 1 ICT device.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00048-00019579-00020204": "And here, we have two subscriptions per capita, which means on average, everybody has 2 devices.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00049-00020204-00020851": "And here on the vertical y axis, we have the capacity per subscription.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00050-00020851-00021440": "That means the installed bandwidth per tension measured in how many kilobits does each subscription", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00051-00021440-00021704": "average communicate.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00052-00021704-00021929": "And we see a two part logic here.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00053-00021929-00022485": "Seems like countries are migrating on these x axis towards the right and then they kind", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00054-00022485-00022849": "of like hit a wall here at 2 subscriptions per person.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00055-00022849-00023339": "Well, you could say in general once you have a fixed and a mobile solution you don’t", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00056-00023339-00023439": "need much more.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00057-00023439-00023573": "You can not handle much more right?", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00058-00023573-00023746": "You have a cellphone and a laptop.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00059-00023746-00023846": "That’s about it.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00060-00023846-00024315": "Sometime people again have a standalone PC so on average, it’s a little bit more, but", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00061-00024315-00024673": "on average let’s say we have two solutions, that’s basically it; you don’t need much", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00062-00024673-00024773": "more.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00063-00024773-00025471": "But the divide seems to then continue in this direction here in the direction of bandwidth.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00064-00025471-00025964": "And while theres a level of duration with regard to how many devices we can handle,", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00065-00025964-00026370": "it is not clear if there is a level of saturation in this direction.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00066-00026370-00026656": "How much bandwidth is enough?", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00067-00026656-00026936": "That seems to continue all the time.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00068-00026936-00027478": "Only ten years ago we thought like woah 256 kilobits that’s enough.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00069-00027478-00027906": "Now we say 10 mega, 100 mega, when is enough enough?", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00070-00027906-00028300": "And we have little holograms, how many megabits do we need that?", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00071-00028300-00028636": "It keeps on going up in this direction.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00072-00028636-00029258": "And we can also measure, the digital divide with regard to the installed bandwidth capacity.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00073-00029258-00029430": "And that gives us a quite different picture.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00074-00029430-00030052": "For example here, if we take again the year 2001, and we compare the number of kilobits", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00075-00030052-00030289": "that we’re available per person per inhabitant.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00076-00030289-00031041": "We see in the year 2001, the average inhabitant of the developed world of the industrious", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00077-00031041-00031539": "countries had on average about 50 kilobits. 5:14 - 10:05: So, about 50 kilobits per person", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00078-00031539-00032160": "in developing countries it was about 5 kilobits per person, so we have a divide of about 10", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00079-00032160-00032338": "to 1, right?", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00080-00032338-00033019": "And then 5 years later in 2006: first of all the good news is that bandwidth increased", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00081-00033019-00033724": "incredibly in developing countries, it multiplied ten fold from 5 kilobits to 50 kilobits.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00082-00033724-00034185": "So, now in only 5 years developing countries have caught up.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00083-00034185-00034847": "They have all the 50 kilobits and this for sure opened a world of possibilities for many", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00084-00034847-00035290": "for the first time, and it’s this incredible advancement.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00085-00035290-00035969": "However, what happened at the same time, the developing countries also continued and actually", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00086-00035969-00036518": "they increased even faster to 700 kilobits per person.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00087-00036518-00037072": "So, if you again calculate our divide, 700 divided by 50, it’s a divide of fourteen", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00088-00037072-00037172": "to one.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00089-00037172-00037315": "So, now, the divide increased.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00090-00037315-00038143": "So, where the digital divide in terms of the number of subscriptions of devices has decreased,", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00091-00038143-00038650": "everybody nowadays has mobile phones, the digital divide in terms of bandwidth has actually", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00092-00038650-00038978": "increased during these 5 years.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00093-00038978-00039406": "And that leads to this logic that actually if you studied over time the divide in terms", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00094-00039406-00040328": "of kilobits always increases and decreases with the introduction of innovations.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00095-00040328-00041060": "For example, here you have a divide of 11 to 1 in the year 2003; then, in the year 2007,", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00096-00041060-00041712": "we have a divide of 18 to 1 (between high income and low income countries); and then", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00097-00041712-00042247": "in the year 2013 again you have a divide of only 8 to 1, that depends on which kind of", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00098-00042247-00042841": "new innovation is right now diffusing through the social networks.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00099-00042841-00043375": "Here, for example, the introduction of fiber optics has increased the divide (because fiber", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00100-00043375-00043872": "optics was first introduced to the richer countries) and then once it started to diffuse", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00101-00043872-00044147": "over to other countries the divide has closed again.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00102-00044147-00044681": "So, the introduction of each new innovation increases or decreases the divide.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00103-00044681-00045269": "And it’s an incessantly ongoing process and the driver of this opening and closing", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00104-00045269-00045559": "of the divide is actually technological progress.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00105-00045559-00046213": "So, there we have again the interplay between technological progress, broadband always becomes", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00106-00046213-00046675": "broader with technological progress, and the diffusion of the innovation through society.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00107-00046675-00046982": "So, you get better you diffuse; you get better solution you diffuse.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00108-00046982-00047478": "So, you have this, again, this alternating logic here.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00109-00047478-00048038": "Economists refer to this effect as the red queen effect.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00110-00048038-00048419": "The fact that technological frontier is a moving target.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00111-00048419-00048913": "The term comes from Alice In Wonderland because when Alice went to Wonderland she met the", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00112-00048913-00049369": "Red Queen and she said, “well in our country, you’d generally get to somewhere else if", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00113-00049369-00049746": "you run very fast for a long time, as we’ve been doing.”", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00114-00049746-00050016": "“What a slow sort of country!” said the Queen.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00115-00050016-00050612": "“Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00116-00050612-00051103": "If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice as fast as that!”", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00117-00051103-00051667": "Obviously not possible, but the logic is basically that you kind of like run on a running belt.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00118-00051667-00052280": "I mean you run on a running belt, standing still means falling behind and if you want", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00119-00052280-00052722": "to catch up, you need to run faster than the running belt goes.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00120-00052722-00053312": "So, let’s say both moving developed countries and developing countries on this running belt,", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00121-00053312-00053887": "and if they both run at the same speed stand still and if developing countries don’t", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00122-00053887-00054171": "run as fast, well actually they fall behind.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00123-00054171-00054515": "Even so, they are running and they will still be falling behind.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00124-00054515-00054977": "And that is the Red Queen Effect: standing still means falling behind.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00125-00054977-00055685": "If you want to catch up, you have to run faster than the ones that are leading this process.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00126-00055685-00056466": "So, it’s a relative metric that is moving as you measure.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00127-00056466-00056910": "So we have two fundamental ways we can look at the digital divide: in terms of the number", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00128-00056910-00057541": "of subscriptions, and that’s how it is usually done by most people and we can see that actually", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00129-00057541-00058260": "worldwide, the number of subscriptions is very similar to distribution of the people", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00130-00058260-00058798": "in the world, basically because we all have a mobile phone now and we don’t need much", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00131-00058798-00059325": "more than a mobile phone and maybe one fixed line device, and so if you compare these two", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00132-00059325-00059764": "graphs here the number of ICT subscriptions and how they distribute among countries in", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00133-00059764-00060194": "the world and the population, there are some differences but in general they look quite", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00134-00060194-00060294": "similar.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00135-00060294-00060502": "10:00 - 16:03: There are some differences but in general they look quite similar.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00136-00060502-00060969": "Now on the other hand, if you measure the digital divide in terms of the installed bandwidth", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00137-00060969-00061625": "potential of the telecommunication capacity in kilobits per second or megabits per second,", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00138-00061625-00061977": "you see a graph that looks quite different.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00139-00061977-00062563": "This is not really following the global distribution of populations these graphs just shows you", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00140-00062563-00062699": "they look different.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00141-00062699-00063329": "However, this capacity graph shows is very similar to the global distribution of income.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00142-00063329-00063788": "Also, not exactly the same but they look much more similar.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00143-00063788-00064495": "So basically, what the conclusion here is that the number of subscriptions telecom subscriptions", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00144-00064495-00064886": "follow population patterns; everybody has a subscription.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00145-00064886-00065380": "Also measuring the number of subscriptions is kind of like an obsolete way of looking", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00146-00065380-00065480": "at it.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00147-00065480-00065974": "Because, well, everybody has now access, why should I now measure that?", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00148-00065974-00066214": "Everybody has a mobile phone nowadays.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00149-00066214-00066905": "However, the bandwidth capacity is actually an area of big concern because there we have", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00150-00066905-00067417": "a divide which seems to follow the income divide and the global income divide – global", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00151-00067417-00067994": "and nationally income divides are notoriously persistent, which also means that the digital", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00152-00067994-00068333": "divide, well, might be notoriously persistent.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00153-00068333-00069321": "It means that it might be here to stay with us.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00154-00069321-00069794": "We can now add this third income dimension to our previously outland logic.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00155-00069794-00069969": "So lets start again like we did before.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00156-00069969-00070416": "We have here the number of subscriptions per capita – the number of ICT devices.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00157-00070416-00070933": "And we see that here after 2 or 2.5 devices per capita, counters don’t usually go up", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00158-00070933-00071429": "anymore it’s enough to have fixed mobile phone solution and they kind of start going", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00159-00071429-00071529": "up here.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00160-00071529-00071988": "They’re going up to in the kilobits per capita direction – that’s the bandwidth", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00161-00071988-00072088": "divide.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00162-00072088-00072599": "And some countries there’s a lot of bandwidth like Korea up here and in some countries that", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00163-00072599-00072699": "have less bandwidth.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00164-00072699-00072960": "You got Germany down here and Argentina.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00165-00072960-00073189": "And you have a divide in this kind of directions.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00166-00073189-00073879": "So what I did now, is I added here a third dimension which refers to income per capita", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00167-00073879-00074179": "– cross national income per capita.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00168-00074179-00074635": "And you see here a very interesting logic along this axis.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00169-00074635-00075100": "So for example, what you see here is that there are some poor countries which do not", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00170-00075100-00075610": "have a lot of income per capita so they are against this back wall here and they still", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00171-00075610-00076084": "manage to migrate in to this direction – the direction of subscriptions per capita.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00172-00076084-00076545": "That means they get a lot of mobile phones, basically cheap access solutions.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00173-00076545-00076909": "But what they don’t achieve to do is that they do not achieve to go up.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00174-00076909-00077467": "So you see, they’re kind like they’re here at the bottom still, they migrate in", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00175-00077467-00077859": "this direction but they do not achieve going upwards.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00176-00077859-00078450": "So you can play around with that and see that in order to have kilobits per capita, in order", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00177-00078450-00078907": "of bandwidth, you need to also have income and only then do you get this kind of logic.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00178-00078907-00079200": "So you can look at it from different perspectives.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00179-00079200-00079732": "And what you find is basically this logic that it is surely possible to increase the", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00180-00079732-00080195": "number of subscriptions – the number of ICT subscriptions even with little income.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00181-00080195-00080735": "But if you need bandwidth, you need income, you need money.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00182-00080735-00081370": "And what that says once again is that the kilobits divide/the bandwidth divide follows", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00183-00081370-00082050": "the income divide is notoriously persistent which also seems to suggest that the digital", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00184-00082050-00083003": "divide in terms of kilobits seems to come here to stay with us.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00185-00083003-00083741": "As income is highly concentrated worldwide, so is the potential to communicate in cyberspace.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00186-00083741-00084649": "The top 10 most connected countries worldwide, in general, occupy 70-75% of the bandwidth", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00187-00084649-00085072": "potential – it means how much you can communicate.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00188-00085072-00085668": "Who these ten countries are has changed over time as income realities have changed over", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00189-00085668-00085768": "time.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00190-00085768-00086470": "For example, if you look here, in 1986, it was the typical industrialized countries who", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00191-00086470-00087054": "were among the rank 1-8 – United States, Japan, France, Germany, UK, Italy, Russia,", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00192-00087054-00087154": "Canada.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00193-00087154-00087750": "These are the typical G8 countries and if you look at it 25 years later, almost 30 years", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00194-00087750-00087981": "later, it has changed considerably.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00195-00087981-00088204": "As income realties have change.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00196-00088204-00088986": "China has risen as a world power and it is now occupying the majority of global bandwidth", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00197-00088986-00089173": "potential – 21 percent.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00198-00089173-00089732": "It replaced United States which follows with 19 percent and Japan and Korea – another", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00199-00089732-00090337": "country that has a very proactive ICT is also among the top ranks.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00200-00090337-00090768": "And India also joined the top 10 ranks in more recent times.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00201-00090768-00091290": "But still, the reality that the top 10 countries even so than are different – Asia which", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00202-00091290-00091927": "has a bigger role in cyberspace nowadays there are still 10 countries who dominate 3 out", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00203-00091927-00092171": "of 4 bits worldwide.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00204-00092171-00092825": "The remaining 190 countries well they have to share 1 out of 4 bits worldwide.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00205-00092825-00093354": "So digital divide is real especially in terms of communication capacity.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00206-00093354-00094044": "And while it is true that everyone has cellphones nowadays, kilobits the bandwidth potential", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00207-00094044-00094764": "is highly concentrated and it leads to a real informational inequality worldwide.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00208-00094764-00095248": "And we don’t really know the consequences that this might have.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00209-00095248-00095583": "Information is certainly important for human development.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00210-00095583-00095683": "Information is knowledge.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00211-00095683-00095798": "Knowledge is power.", "jTRNm8HVYhc-00212-00095798-00096113": "So what is the consequence of such a high level of concentration?"}}, {"audio_id": "jU19s0SRqgg", "text": {"jU19s0SRqgg-00000-00000000-00000501": "Welcome to my video", "jU19s0SRqgg-00001-00000505-00001000": "Thank you for this video view", "jU19s0SRqgg-00002-00001000-00001508": "Like, sub, share, support my channel.", "jU19s0SRqgg-00003-00001516-00002000": "Thank you very much"}}, {"audio_id": "jU35zSqbR0Y", "text": {"jU35zSqbR0Y-00000-00000728-00001152": "Hello, everybody. In today's class, we are going to see", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00001-00001168-00001452": "if you have understood our previous classes,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00002-00001468-00001644": "namely as regards super.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00003-00001668-00001944": "The idea is to make you think hard.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00004-00001960-00002248": "I have a test to see if you've understood.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00005-00002336-00002508": "What will you learn?", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00006-00002524-00002752": "You'll think about what super is,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00007-00002768-00002996": "revisit message lookup,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00008-00003012-00003224": "and think about class methods.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00009-00003240-00003552": "It's a lot of material for one class, but it's fun.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00010-00003636-00004204": "Imagine that I defined a method in the dice class,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00011-00004220-00004456": "and redefined the \"new\" method as follows:", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00012-00004472-00004780": "Here is \"new\" and here is the code.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00013-00004796-00005096": "inst := super new.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00014-00005112-00005284": "inst initialize. Return inst.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00015-00005300-00005692": "Now I execute the expression dice new.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00016-00005796-00006156": "Now my question for you is:", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00017-00006172-00006531": "In this expression, what is inst?", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00018-00006548-00006712": "What is super?", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00019-00006728-00006928": "And what is super new?", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00020-00006972-00007412": "I'll give you a few seconds to think it over.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00021-00007659-00007900": "I'll give you a few clues.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00022-00008004-00008356": "They're based on my teaching experience.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00023-00008440-00008820": "No, super is not the superclass.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00024-00008836-00009036": "Get that out of your heads.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00025-00009052-00009356": "No, inst is not an instance of the superclass.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00026-00009372-00009820": "If it was, we could never write instances for the classes below.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00027-00009876-00010044": "So what is it?", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00028-00010112-00010212": "Let's take a look.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00029-00010228-00010420": "We said in the video on super", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00030-00010436-00010700": "that super was the receiver of the message.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00031-00010744-00011080": "Like self, super points out the receiver of the message.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00032-00011096-00011284": "This is not specific to Pharo.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00033-00011300-00011692": "It's true in all object-oriented languages such as Java, C#,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00034-00011776-00011904": "and Smalltalk.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00035-00011984-00012340": "Here the message is dice new.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00036-00012356-00012704": "So what's the receiver? Syntactically speaking, it's dice.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00037-00012720-00012988": "The class is dice.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00038-00013004-00013472": "With these clues, you should understand better.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00039-00013616-00013728": "Let's see.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00040-00013816-00014156": "You remember how message lookup works?", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00041-00014172-00014400": "I send a message to an instance,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00042-00014416-00014600": "for example, ColoredRectangle.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00043-00014616-00014947": "I look inside the ColoredRectangle class", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00044-00014963-00015288": "to see if the method in question is defined. It's not.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00045-00015304-00015568": "\"Area\" is not defined. I find it up here.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00046-00015584-00016012": "I apply the definition I found.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00047-00016028-00016260": "On what? On the receiver.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00048-00016328-00016632": "Now you should understand what this method does.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00049-00016648-00017156": "I look up \"new\" in the dice class.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00050-00017172-00017676": "I look it up and apply it on dice.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00051-00017692-00017948": "Let's take a closer look.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00052-00017964-00018144": "As I explained previously,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00053-00018160-00018560": "in Pharo, only one message is sent with one method lookup.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00054-00018576-00018956": "So when I send a message to any object whatsoever,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00055-00018972-00019260": "I always look in the class. I follow this link.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00056-00019276-00019416": "Then this one here.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00057-00019432-00019632": "It's always these two steps.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00058-00019648-00019872": "What does this say about our system?", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00059-00019888-00020164": "I told you, super is the receiver.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00060-00020292-00020532": "The receiver was dice.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00061-00020600-00021100": "So I look for new in the superclass of the dice class.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00062-00021116-00021468": "The key here is that it's dice class and not dice.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00063-00021484-00021696": "We'll see it graphically afterwards.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00064-00021712-00021952": "Once I've found the new \"new,\"", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00065-00021968-00022264": "I apply it to the receiver, which is dice.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00066-00022280-00022468": "What does this do?", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00067-00022484-00022720": "I apply new to dice,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00068-00022736-00023180": "which will create and initialize a new instance of dice.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00069-00023196-00023424": "Inst will be my new instance.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00070-00023440-00023592": "One dice.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00071-00023636-00023876": "And I will initialize and return it.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00072-00023892-00024164": "Let's take a look at a diagram.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00073-00024180-00024424": "When I send new to dice,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00074-00024440-00024796": "where do I look? Which class do I look in?", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00075-00024812-00024976": "I look in dice class.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00076-00025044-00025272": "This is where I use my famous method.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00077-00025288-00025692": "What do I do now? What did we say about super?", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00078-00025872-00026180": "Super is the dice class. It is the receiver.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00079-00026195-00026383": "I sent the message to this object.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00080-00026539-00026768": "Super tells me to look inside", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00081-00026783-00027144": "the superclass of the class containing the expression.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00082-00027160-00027672": "So I look in the superclass of the dice class.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00083-00027688-00027976": "I look up here. And somewhere up here,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00084-00027992-00028120": "we'll see later on,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00085-00028136-00028292": "new is defined.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00086-00028308-00028436": "What about lookup?", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00087-00028452-00028692": "We said that the method is defined here,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00088-00028708-00029195": "and we apply it on the receiver. I apply it on dice.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00089-00029212-00029548": "And this gives me a new instance. I'll draw it in.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00090-00029564-00029812": "It returns an instance: A dice.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00091-00029827-00030200": "And inst is pointed at this new instance.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00092-00030300-00030539": "So inst is a new dice.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00093-00030604-00031068": "I send the initialize message to inst, and then I return it.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00094-00031083-00031576": "You often struggle with this example because it's very rhetorical.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00095-00031592-00031983": "I do it on purpose to see if you've understood.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00096-00032000-00032192": "It mixes two things.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00097-00032208-00032388": "One, super.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00098-00032404-00032904": "I look in the superclass of the class that contains the expression super,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00099-00032920-00033144": "knowing that super is the receiver.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00100-00033160-00033524": "And two, new. It's a method that creates objects.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00101-00033540-00033712": "This is where the two meet,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00102-00033728-00034008": "and you have a hard time understanding this.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00103-00034024-00034352": "I suggest that you really review this lesson,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00104-00034368-00034564": "because it's very important.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00105-00034580-00034692": "I'll repeat it.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00106-00034708-00035024": "Super is the receiver of the message,", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00107-00035040-00035316": "which in this case is dice.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00108-00035332-00035756": "I look in the superclass of the dice class for the new method", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00109-00035772-00036232": "that I will apply to dice, the receiver, to find my terminal instance.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00110-00036312-00036428": "Okay?", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00111-00036576-00037108": "In sum: Sending a message is looking up a method in the receiver class.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00112-00037124-00037308": "That's what we do each time.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00113-00037324-00037596": "That's all you can do in Pharo, so it's easy.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00114-00037616-00038040": "By now you know that super means looking in the superclass of the class", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00115-00038056-00038268": "containing the expression super.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00116-00038288-00038644": "And that super is the receiver, but it can be a class too.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00117-00038688-00039016": "We're not done yet. I have another problem for you.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00118-00039032-00039352": "If you're studying Pharo, you must like challenges.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00119-00039368-00039752": "Here we go. Imagine that I have the following problem:", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00120-00039768-00040112": "The method says: \"Make super-space-class", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00121-00040128-00040288": "\"equal equal self class.\"", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00122-00040304-00040652": "What does \"equal equal\" mean? It's the pointer's identity.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00123-00040668-00040980": "In fact, I'm asking: Is the object obtained", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00124-00040996-00041320": "with super-space-class the same", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00125-00041336-00041616": "as the object obtained with self-equal-class?", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00126-00041636-00041976": "I defined this method, which will return true or false.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00127-00041992-00042128": "My question for you is:", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00128-00042144-00042520": "What is the result of A new foo?", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00129-00042536-00042760": "I create a new instance of A", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00130-00042776-00043136": "and I send the message foo, which will edit this message.", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00131-00043152-00043360": "What is the result and why?", "jU35zSqbR0Y-00132-00043376-00043712": "You'll have to think because I won't give you this answer."}}, {"audio_id": "jU8XmuDlhFu", "text": {"jU8XmuDlhFu-00000-00000030-00000318": "Hello everyone!", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00001-00000318-00000613": "Welcome back to \"We can cook - cung vao Bep\" channel", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00002-00000613-00000876": "Today, WCC guide a famous food from the middle of VietNam", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00004-00001193-00001525": "It's Duckweed Cake", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00011-00004014-00004359": "About ingredients, we have:", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00012-00004370-00004617": "300gr rice flour", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00013-00004617-00004920": "15gr corn starch", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00014-00004920-00005264": "1gr salt", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00018-00006457-00006611": "Next, we mix all together", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00030-00009653-00009967": "Next, we put 500ml cool water into flour mixture", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00031-00011734-00011995": "stir and stir", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00035-00012846-00013179": "Then putting 500ml hot water into", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00045-00015373-00015647": "Stir and stir", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00046-00015757-00016104": "Let the dough settle for 2-3 hours", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00049-00016696-00017022": "Next, we begin to cook duckweed filling:", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00050-00017315-00017591": "we have 20gr shallots", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00053-00018027-00018129": "100gr blended shrimp", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00055-00018508-00018690": "100gr ground pork", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00056-00018726-00018826": "10gr garlic", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00058-00019052-00019371": "15gr scallion", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00059-00019371-00019674": "2gr salt", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00061-00019949-00020287": "2gr sugar", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00062-00020360-00020695": "2gr seasoning", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00063-00020830-00021133": "10ml oil", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00064-00021133-00021376": "1gr pepper", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00065-00021629-00021935": "0,5gr red coloring powder", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00066-00021935-00022128": "150ml water", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00067-00022173-00022473": "10gr tapioca starch", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00070-00023210-00023446": "We mix tapioca starch with water", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00073-00024234-00024539": "Next, we put oil into pan", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00080-00026634-00026778": "Next, put garlic, shallots, scallion into pan", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00083-00031886-00032147": "Next, putting sugar, salt, pepper, seasoning", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00097-00035682-00035782": "Next, put little red coloring powder", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00101-00036724-00037033": "Finally, putting tapioca starch water into pan", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00109-00039297-00039616": "After 2 hours, we take out the water separator powder", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00123-00044085-00044384": "and pour back same water with the extracted water", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00130-00046112-00046318": "and put little lemon juice", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00131-00046318-00046609": "and wait more 30 minutes", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00134-00047289-00047389": "After 30 minutes, we pour flour mixture into each bowl", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00136-00048914-00049014": "Waiting for a big fire then add duckweed", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00140-00050117-00050393": "After 2-3 minutes, opening the lid", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00151-00053789-00054079": "Cooking more 2-3 minutes, we have duckweed cake", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00155-00055083-00055388": "And let it cool and turn white", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00156-00055443-00055728": "Then add the filling and enjoy!", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00158-00056196-00056497": "Wooww! So delicious!", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00159-00056497-00056796": "with a combination of shrimp, meat and cake and sauce", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00160-00056857-00057003": "So simple yet so yummy!", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00171-00059857-00060076": "Wish everyone have a fun time with this food!", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00173-00060487-00060770": "See everyone in next video!", "jU8XmuDlhFu-00175-00061020-00061258": "Thanks for watching!"}}, {"audio_id": "jUrzxqNhdxE", "text": {"jUrzxqNhdxE-00000-00008549-00008682": "Hey, guys, what's going on?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00001-00008682-00008873": "Welcome to the beautiful Luxor.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00002-00008873-00009105": "We are here discovering Egypt.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00003-00009105-00009320": "Right now, we are crossing the Nile River.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00004-00009320-00009753": "This is one of the longest rivers in all of Africa.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00005-00009753-00009998": "It is 6600 km long.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00006-00009998-00010113": "And I can't wait.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00007-00010113-00010428": "This is where Cleopatra used to bathe in the nude.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00008-00010428-00010621": "Of course we can't do that. Or maybe we can.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00009-00010621-00010752": "We'll find out.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00010-00010752-00011103": "We have this amazing tour that we took from our hotel.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00011-00011103-00011269": "So literally you can see the Valley", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00012-00011269-00011436": "of the Kings right across our hotel.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00013-00011436-00011597": "I definitely recommend that if you're coming", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00014-00011597-00011778": "here, remember, I'm all about energy.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00015-00011778-00012115": "So if you can stay close to these amazing locations,", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00016-00012115-00012308": "you're going to feed off the energy of the place.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00017-00012308-00012479": "Okay, so I'm going to introduce", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00018-00012479-00012636": "our captain for the day.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00019-00012636-00012787": "His name is Ramadan.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00020-00012787-00012956": "You're welcome, you're welcome.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00021-00013057-00013254": "And what do we have here? Tea.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00022-00013254-00013347": "Drink tea.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00023-00013401-00013524": "Egyptian food.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00024-00013665-00013759": "Egyptian tea.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00025-00013759-00013865": "Egyptian tea.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00026-00013865-00014057": "This tea, egyptian whiskey.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00027-00014315-00014446": "Strong. I like it.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00028-00014446-00014546": "Egyptian whiskey.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00029-00014546-00014785": "Cheers, you guys. All right, guys.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00030-00014785-00015003": "So we are crossing the Nile and of course we are", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00031-00015003-00015276": "once again with I like to call him my historian because", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00032-00015276-00015460": "he's the one giving us all the history on this.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00033-00015460-00015708": "We're crossing the Nile towards the King Valley.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00034-00015708-00015859": "So how are you?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00035-00015859-00016048": "Pretty good, jenny, thank you for having me here.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00036-00016048-00016131": "It's a pleasure.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00037-00016229-00016358": "All right, so what do we need", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00038-00016358-00016478": "to know before we get there?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00039-00016478-00016753": "Well, we're going to go to the Valley of the Kings.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00040-00016753-00017087": "This is a valley of the new dynasty as it was", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00041-00017087-00017541": "coined in Germany back in the 18 hundreds by the archaeologist.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00042-00017655-00018001": "And the thing is, among others, the Ramsus", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00043-00018001-00018422": "dynasty was actually flourishing here in this valley.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00044-00018422-00018740": "And Tutankhamun King Tut, also, we're talking about a", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00045-00018740-00019320": "period of time which was in between 1600 before", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00046-00019320-00019817": "Christ all the way to 1100, 900 after Christ.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00047-00019817-00019948": "And that's what we know.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00048-00019948-00020110": "Yeah, but that's what we know. Really?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00049-00020110-00020339": "Who knows that's a surface that was scratched.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00050-00020339-00020474": "Right, I know all that.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00051-00020474-00020583": "Can you imagine?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00052-00020583-00020917": "Some people that are locals here believe that it could be", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00053-00020917-00021267": "even more than that and way more than who knows?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00054-00021397-00021566": "Anything that you're excited about?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00055-00021566-00021750": "I'm excited about everything. I mean, of course.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00056-00021750-00021946": "Well, Tutankhamun King Tut was the first one who", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00057-00021946-00022184": "was discovered and his tomb was so bright and", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00058-00022184-00022448": "beautiful that he became really we got a little", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00059-00022448-00022668": "bit of an anchoring problem.. we arrived!", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00060-00022668-00022839": "All right, guys, we'll see you there.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00061-00022839-00027730": "Come along", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00062-00027730-00028032": "Con el martillo, la forma de jarron, estatua, gato", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00063-00028032-00028319": "stop", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00064-00028408-00029529": "paciencia. Le vamos a dar duro con la maquina", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00065-00030758-00030811": "Three days.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00066-00030811-00031261": "You have to be with you, with us three days to finish?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00067-00031261-00031509": "To finish and take it with you to your home.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00068-00031509-00035590": "Yeah, to be like this one here, whats your name? Jenny", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00069-00035590-00035771": "You have to try sorry, to build this one after we finish.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00070-00035771-00036041": "To build this one here, we wipe the cotton.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00071-00036041-00036203": "The cotton protects the bottom.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00072-00036203-00036448": "When we make a hole inside, no break.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00073-00036448-00036704": "And after we start to bury outside, like this", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00074-00036704-00037141": "one here, after we put it more with Sun to stone.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00075-00037407-00037780": "So this, then that, then that. Right. Wow.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00076-00037780-00037906": "Then this one, this is the", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00077-00037906-00038121": "finished one of Alabaster handmade.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00078-00038121-00038401": "Like to take 15 days work for 1 bar.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00079-00038401-00038594": "That is 15 days!", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00080-00038594-00038841": "How many kilo before... eight?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00081-00038841-00039078": "How many kilo you think going to", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00082-00039078-00039243": "be after 15 days or something?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00083-00039243-00039374": "Finish the ball now.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00084-00039531-00039699": "He's afraid I'm gonna drop it.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00085-00039699-00039798": "No, don't worry.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00086-00039867-00039977": "Nothing right.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00087-00039977-00040261": "This is like 300 grams or 400 grams.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00088-00040261-00040467": "This is the Alabaster handmade.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00089-00040981-00041056": "Wow.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00090-00041413-00041536": "One more", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00091-00041685-00041935": "Yeah, one more. Wow.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00092-00041935-00042082": "No, no, it's okay.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00093-00042599-00042759": "You can do it.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00094-00042759-00042972": "You can you can say wow for you.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00095-00043225-00043361": "This is the machine made.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00096-00043361-00043529": "That's what you find in the street.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00097-00043529-00043684": "This is not three and one.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00098-00043737-00043871": "This is Marble.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00099-00043995-00044112": "This is not good one.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00100-00044112-00044235": "It's very heavy.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00101-00044235-00044587": "You can see,  no marble.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00102-00044587-00044731": "Marble", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00103-00044731-00044873": "It's come from china.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00104-00045027-00045137": "You have a China.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00105-00045389-00045616": "The original stone right here. Look.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00106-00045717-00045864": "It starts in this.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00107-00045864-00046044": "Then it goes to the smaller stone.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00108-00046044-00046315": "Then it goes to this process right here.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00109-00046315-00046432": "Then that process.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00110-00046493-00046671": "And you have the painting on the", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00111-00046671-00046826": "wall that shows all the process.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00112-00046826-00046996": "But they do this handmade.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00113-00046996-00047135": "Three days, you said?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00114-00047135-00047239": "No, 15 days.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00115-00047239-00047429": "15 days for one of those.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00116-00047429-00047785": "Okay, give it to me.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00117-00047785-00047924": "All right, guys, let's go.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00118-00047924-00048239": "Which one the real basalt and which one the fake? R1.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00119-00048239-00048300": "Good.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00120-00048513-00048588": "Okay.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00121-00048993-00049167": "This is what you find in a street.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00122-00049339-00049460": "They were trying to sell us,", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00123-00049460-00049640": "and the guy said, don't buy.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00124-00049640-00049751": "This is a blasticle.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00125-00049751-00049947": "Oh, formal. Yeah.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00126-00049947-00050089": "Then throw blasticles.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00127-00050293-00050549": "Locally bought stone outside. Yeah.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00128-00050549-00050664": "So don't buy knock offs", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00129-00051626-00051861": "Same the ancient Egyptian time", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00130-00051861-00052181": "After he finished this one, this one finished one. Wow.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00131-00052181-00052335": "After he finishing, he painted", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00132-00052335-00052482": "with color like this one.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00133-00052657-00052900": "How he gets the color? Look.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00134-00052985-00053119": "From stone. Same.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00135-00053119-00053313": "The ancient Egyptian part.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00136-00053313-00053414": "Natural color.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00137-00053414-00053516": "Natural color.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00138-00054195-00054436": "Look at the color with your fingers. They do. Yeah.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00139-00054436-00054692": "No pencil. Yeah.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00140-00054692-00054867": "After, even if you bought both", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00141-00054867-00055131": "of this color never changed. No cube. Look.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00142-00055131-00055188": "Have you seen?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00143-00055188-00055376": "This is different from between the real and the fake, yeah.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00144-00055485-00055595": "The fake. no we dont sell fake here", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00145-00056013-00056088": "Wow.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00146-00056549-00056919": "This is about now lime stone, now leave me her allright. Right. Oh, okay.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00147-00056919-00057041": "He wants my mom.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00148-00057575-00057836": "Good deal. Good deal. Mommy. Yes.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00149-00058041-00058289": "Give me or no?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00150-00058289-00058389": "you stay?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00151-00058403-00058666": "Oh, me? Yeah, you.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00152-00058666-00058820": "Yes or no? noooo", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00153-00059121-00059257": "You broke my heart.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00154-00059257-00059379": "He broke my heart.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00155-00059504-00059579": "Okay.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00156-00059896-00060145": "This is a very dominion something", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00157-00060145-00060385": "from a grandfather, something unique piece.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00158-00060385-00060528": "Something that's 200 years ago.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00159-00060528-00060654": "500 years ago.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00160-00060654-00060884": "It's not antique, but it's a good copy of antique.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00161-00060884-00061178": "My grandfather allowed to get the stone biggest stone,", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00162-00061178-00061341": "and they work it here, but not now.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00163-00061341-00061613": "Okay, so this is special pieces.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00164-00061613-00061940": "If you we have something for 200 years ago.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00165-00061940-00062154": "500 years ago. Really? Yes.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00166-00062263-00062298": "If you.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00167-00062298-00062808": "We're going to do you the guarantee explaining that this", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00168-00062808-00063049": "is where when they did the mummies, this is where", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00169-00063049-00063450": "their this is where the organs would go so it", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00170-00063450-00063767": "would be conserved for a longer time. But not the heart.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00171-00063767-00063904": "The heart was weigh.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00172-00063904-00064047": "So if it was a heavy heart,", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00173-00064047-00064525": "it's because it's because they've sinned.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00174-00064525-00064684": "And if it's not a heavy heart, that", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00175-00064684-00064930": "means that they would go to the afterlife. Right.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00176-00064931-00065211": "This is the animal eat his heart.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00177-00065211-00065411": "Then he was going to back to the life.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00178-00065411-00065712": "If the heart is heavy, the animal eats the heart.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00179-00065765-00066043": "If it's not heavy, the animal eats his heart.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00180-00066043-00066310": "Oh, if it's not heavy, heavy, that means that", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00181-00066310-00066595": "means a good man or a good woman. Heavy is good. Yeah.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00182-00066595-00066724": "Oh, sorry, my bad.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00183-00066724-00066844": "Heavy is good.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00184-00066844-00067043": "And then he goes to the paradise.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00185-00067043-00067225": "If he's good, he goes to the paradise", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00186-00067225-00067724": "If he's dead, this animal head of crocodile and body of", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00187-00067724-00068025": "lime eat his heart,", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00188-00068025-00068266": "that means he will not come back to life.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00189-00068266-00068436": "He's dead forever. You're right.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00190-00068436-00068825": "So no more reincarnation for a light heart. All right.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00191-00068825-00068999": "I feel like I'm in Jamaica.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00192-00069321-00069568": "I think this is you're from where? From Miami. Yeah.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00193-00069568-00069790": "This is Miami size. Miami size.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00194-00069790-00070006": "Look about Egyptian size. Behind you.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00195-00070083-00070203": "Where the Egyptians?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00196-00070203-00070302": "Oh, my God.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00197-00070403-00070814": "Okay, that's good.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00198-00071149-00071552": "I love this animal head body thing.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00199-00071613-00071787": "This is for good luck.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00200-00071933-00072136": "I like glow in the dark stuff so im taking one of these", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00201-00077495-00077638": "This is Alabaster Stone.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00202-00077638-00077823": "Here we have basalti stone, like", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00203-00077823-00078020": "the four story of canoe.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00204-00078020-00078212": "Here the canoe of jars.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00205-00078212-00078443": "They bought the what is the meaning?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00206-00078443-00078641": "Okay, every mummy we find, we have to find", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00207-00078641-00078981": "four beasts of this one, they bought the stomach", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00208-00078981-00079275": "and the body inside to protect for other life.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00209-00079275-00079568": "They think they have other life, but not the heart.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00210-00079568-00079691": "The heart he go to the", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00211-00079691-00080049": "argument a judgment of Egypt here. Right?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00212-00080049-00080284": "Let's say this is okay, this is", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00213-00080284-00080502": "the heart, but  not heavy here.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00214-00080502-00080768": "If it's good, he will go to", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00215-00080768-00081005": "the paradise for Siris and Isis.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00216-00081005-00081222": "If it's bad, then he go to the", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00217-00081222-00081378": "hill or he going to eat him.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00218-00081378-00081725": "This animal, we call him Amaram will eat him.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00219-00081725-00081827": "You eat him. Nice.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00220-00081827-00081997": "No, I will explain for you.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00221-00082151-00082408": "So he's explaining that this is where when they did the", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00222-00082408-00082865": "mummies, this is where their this is where the organs would", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00223-00082865-00083172": "go so it would be conserved for a longer time.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00224-00083172-00083255": "But not the heart.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00225-00083255-00083392": "The heart was weigh.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00226-00083392-00083529": "So if it was a heavy heart,", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00227-00083529-00084011": "it's because it's because they've sinned.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00228-00084011-00084170": "And if it's not a heavy heart, that", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00229-00084170-00084419": "means that they would go to the afterlife. Right.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00230-00084419-00084515": "This is AMA.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00231-00084515-00084860": "If the animal eats his heart, then he comes back to", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00232-00084860-00085198": "the if the heart is heavy, the animal eats the heart.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00233-00085251-00085525": "If it's not heavy, the animal eats his heart.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00234-00085525-00085732": "Oh, if it's not heavy, heavy.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00235-00085732-00085962": "That means that means a good man or a good woman.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00236-00085962-00086083": "Heavy is good. Yeah.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00237-00086083-00086210": "Oh, sorry, my bad.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00238-00086210-00086330": "Heavy is good.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00239-00086330-00086558": "And then he goes to the paradise", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00240-00086558-00086711": "he's good, he goes to the paradise", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00241-00086711-00087210": "If he's bad, this animal with head of crocodile and body of", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00242-00087210-00087512": "lion eat his heart.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00243-00087512-00087754": "That's when he will not come back to life.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00244-00087754-00087924": "He's dead forever. You're right.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00245-00087924-00088305": "So no more reincarnation for a light heart. All right.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00246-00088305-00088408": "That's so weird.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00247-00088408-00088516": "Why would it be?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00248-00088937-00089166": "Normally you would think if it's heavy, it's bad,", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00249-00089166-00089388": "light is good, but I guess it's different here.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00250-00089388-00089731": "Heavy, it means he would have too much. Okay.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00251-00089731-00089939": "So full of love, basically.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00252-00089939-00090232": "Animal head, body thing.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00253-00090293-00090597": "This is for good luck. Yeah.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00254-00090597-00090822": "What's the story with this little guy?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00255-00090822-00090987": "I feel like I'm in Jamaica.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00256-00091309-00091556": "I think this is you're from where? From Miami. Yeah.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00257-00091556-00091778": "This is Miami size. Miami size.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00258-00091778-00091994": "Look, about Egyptian size behind you.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00259-00092071-00092191": "Where's the Egyptians?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00260-00092191-00092327": "Oh, my God.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00261-00092327-00092802": "So, okay, that's good.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00262-00093633-00093878": "All right, guys, welcome to the Valley of the Kings.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00263-00093878-00094068": "Are we ready to learn some history?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00264-00094068-00094246": "Yes, ma'am. Absolutely.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00265-00094246-00094468": "Make sure you bring long sleeves, a", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00266-00094468-00094838": "big ass hat like this and water. Come on.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00267-00095317-00095491": "We actually came at a really good time", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00268-00095491-00095726": "because oh, we don't need the hat here", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00269-00095726-00096047": "because Ramadan is not so many tourists.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00270-00096047-00096454": "And you also have to say Shukram. Thank you.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00271-00096454-00096733": "For anybody that offers something, but don't", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00272-00096733-00096951": "feel pressured to buy buy buy.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00273-00096951-00097098": "Because of course everybody's going to", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00274-00097098-00097247": "try to sell you something.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00275-00097247-00097396": "We're all full of energy.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00276-00097396-00097528": "By the time we get out of there, we're going", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00277-00097528-00097983": "to be like, all right, guys, we'll see you inside.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00278-00097983-00098164": "This is the ticket office right here.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00279-00098233-00098434": "And yeah, come along.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00280-00116213-00116536": "So this tomb was actually dedicated to", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00281-00116536-00116871": "him on the name of Akorati.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00282-00116871-00117101": "Akorati was a god that actually", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00283-00117101-00117354": "brought supposedly powers from the sun.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00284-00117354-00117740": "And in there, on top of the", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00285-00117740-00117976": "entrance of the thumb, there's an inscription", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00286-00117976-00118327": "indicating that RA guides anyone who enters here.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00287-00118327-00118641": "So technically we're being guided by the sun according", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00288-00118641-00118988": "to Egyptian legend and Egyptian religion, of course.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00289-00119326-00119553": "So what we're getting here is the thumb of", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00290-00119553-00119993": "one of the pharaohs that actually gave birth to", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00291-00119993-00120390": "the rest of the majestic dynasty of the Ramses. Right.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00292-00120390-00120733": "And the Ramses were actually the rulers that", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00293-00120733-00121048": "went through one of the most fertile, say,", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00294-00121048-00121426": "prosperous times in the history of ancient Egypt.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00295-00121426-00121722": "Again, this is the time of the new dynasty, which", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00296-00121722-00122203": "is in between the 1500 before Christ or 1500 years", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00297-00122203-00122696": "before Christ and around 1900 years before Christ.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00298-00122696-00123033": "So we're talking about ancient times still.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00299-00125298-00125405": "That is amazing.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00300-00125474-00125659": "So you're going to see exactly, you're going to see", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00301-00125659-00125914": "the pictures, you're going to see all the geogliphs and", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00302-00125914-00126270": "made it to the center of the tomb of minepta,", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00303-00126270-00126602": "a king that actually was son of Francis II and", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00304-00126602-00126922": "then moved forward to start again.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00305-00126922-00127005": "As we were saying, one of", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00306-00127005-00127206": "the greatest dynasties of ancient Egypt.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00307-00127206-00127658": "In between 1509 hundred BC or before Christ.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00308-00127658-00127789": "Here's the main sign.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00309-00134680-00134914": "Creator of the waters and creator", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00310-00134914-00135200": "of the life, which is who's", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00311-00135200-00135384": "Actually the descendant of Moot.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00312-00135384-00135678": "Moot means mother in Indonesia, the hieroglyphs", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00313-00135678-00135922": "language, those were the creators of life,", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00314-00135922-00136079": "the creators of what they consider.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00315-00136079-00136256": "They were the creators of the human race.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00316-00137340-00137612": "It's not so hot, but if you're not ready to", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00317-00137612-00138057": "go down a couple of hundred meters, don't go in.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00318-00138057-00138235": "It's very hot when you come back up.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00319-00138235-00138373": "So make sure you're in good physical", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00320-00138373-00138775": "health and time to cover up again.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00321-00138775-00138930": "Let's go.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00322-00140334-00140477": "Okay, guys, so now we are in", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00323-00140477-00140657": "the tombs of Ramsus the 9th.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00324-00140657-00140882": "He was one of the last rulers", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00325-00140882-00141136": "and pharaohs of the Ramsus dynasty.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00326-00141234-00141482": "It's just unbelievable just being here and the fact", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00327-00141482-00141797": "that these hieroglyphics took so much time since the", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00328-00141797-00142177": "moment that they became pharaohs till their death.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00329-00142177-00142353": "So imagine how many years...", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00330-00143755-00143989": "Rancis the Nine actually ruled all over Egypt,", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00331-00143989-00144183": "all the way to the Nubian area of", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00332-00144183-00144485": "the Nuvian kingdom as well, south of Egypt.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00333-00144485-00144683": "This guy was a great builder.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00334-00144683-00144876": "He didn't live as long as the other", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00335-00144876-00145219": "Ramsus pharaohs, but he did leave a legacy.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00336-00145219-00145386": "And we're seeing you right now.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00337-00145386-00145512": "He's majestic.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00338-00153494-00153803": "Ramses we are seeing many significant things.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00339-00153803-00154030": "We know a little bit of geoglyphics, just the basics.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00340-00154030-00154185": "So to know a couple of things.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00341-00154185-00154376": "For example, look at this serpent.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00342-00154376-00154568": "When you see a serpent, when you see a snake,", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00343-00154568-00154855": "you usually see a road, a wave that is paved", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00344-00154855-00155037": "from the tail all the way to the head.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00345-00155037-00155453": "In this case, this has been a bumpy, rocky way.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00346-00155453-00155712": "You can see that the snake goes up and down.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00347-00155712-00156000": "It's kind of entangled all the way until the head.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00348-00156000-00156213": "He made it through, but it wasn't easy.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00349-00156213-00157650": "That's what it will mean in hieroglyphics", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00350-00157650-00158172": "The father Akhenaten, migrates to Cairo to found the new", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00351-00158172-00158272": "city in Egypt. They were part of the kind Amon,", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00352-00158838-00165428": "so it changes to tutankhamun because he leaves his fathers kingdom Aton", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00353-00165428-00165538": "She's the first one in the ancient", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00354-00165538-00165849": "Egyptian history traded, import and export.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00355-00165849-00166416": "She import from Sumalan to Egypt, like spices, like", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00356-00166416-00166766": "Hannah tree, like animals, giraffe, lion, buffalo poles.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00357-00166766-00167109": "And she export some treasures, like a couple and", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00358-00167109-00167323": "the iron and the silvers and the gold.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00359-00167323-00167524": "She was the first one in the ancient", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00360-00167524-00167762": "Egyptian history traded and export and import.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00361-00167762-00167862": "Smart woman.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00362-00167862-00167982": "She was very strong woman.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00363-00167982-00168078": "She was a smart woman.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00364-00168078-00168185": "Yes, sure.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00365-00170000-00170279": "Welcome to the Temple of hatshepsut she was the first trador in the history of Egypt.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00366-00170647-00170864": "So very smart woman.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00367-00171218-00171450": "We have sphinx on the side.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00368-00171450-00171685": "So as we know, and we've learned throughout this", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00369-00171685-00172040": "trip, that these were put here for protection.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00370-00172040-00172173": "And you can actually find them", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00371-00172173-00172511": "in most temples in the front. Amazing.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00372-00172628-00172849": "This kind of just takes your breath away.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00373-00172849-00173137": "You feel so tiny. Wow.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00374-00175160-00175340": "In the time of a prophet, Moses.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00375-00175340-00175498": "So Merneptah, he's the son of the king.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00376-00175498-00175749": "Ramses II actually, the pharaoh.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00377-00175749-00175949": "They made the colors without any technology.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00378-00175949-00176164": "Or imagine at this time actual they made the", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00379-00176164-00176417": "colors from the powder for white colors,", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00380-00176417-00176690": "is part of the limestone bowders. Okay?", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00381-00176690-00176937": "And eggs white on the honey and the palm oil", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00382-00176937-00177244": "for yellow colors, yellow eggs and the Bowder, the sandy", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00383-00177244-00177570": "stone Bowder and yellow eggs and the palm oil and", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00384-00177570-00177867": "honey for the black colors came from oxide.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00385-00177867-00178195": "Mariano is happy because he saw Tutankhamun", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00386-00178390-00178532": "It's my dream.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00387-00178734-00178905": "Making dreams come true.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00388-00179118-00179351": "All right, guys, so this is our last stop for today.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00389-00179351-00179611": "I hope you enjoyed, I must say, and some of", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00390-00179611-00179934": "the locals agreed that this is an energy place.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00391-00179934-00180113": "So if you're coming, make sure that", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00392-00180113-00180280": "you don't just take picture, picture, picture.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00393-00180280-00180618": "You actually take some time to breathe, to relax.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00394-00180618-00180923": "We actually asked permission here,", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00395-00180923-00181079": "you call it, to pray.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00396-00181079-00181218": "And they allowed us to pray.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00397-00181218-00181477": "So me, my mom and the people that we were", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00398-00181477-00181914": "with and the locals, we all united hands and meditated.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00399-00181914-00182117": "I just told them, Breathe, and they", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00400-00182117-00182250": "say, but I prayed to a line.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00401-00182250-00182420": "I'm like, it doesn't matter who you pray to.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00402-00182420-00182754": "Just breathe, relax, try to feel the energy.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00403-00182754-00182955": "And it was unbelievable.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00404-00182955-00183135": "Everybody had a different experience.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00405-00183220-00183614": "So I recommend, even if you're alone, you just stand there", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00406-00183614-00183806": "and take a little bit and just breathe, and you could", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00407-00183806-00184099": "feel the energy in the palm of your hands. It's crazy.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00408-00184099-00184297": "Well, not crazy, it's very real.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00409-00184350-00184480": "But like I said, it's", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00410-00184480-00184656": "a different experience for everybody.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00411-00184656-00184896": "I just wish that you take it with the respect", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00412-00184896-00185064": "that you need to take it and not just take", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00413-00185064-00185336": "it as a tourist attraction like everybody else does.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00414-00185336-00185565": "So you want to get the best out of your experience", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00415-00185565-00185841": "and to get the best out of the experience in Egypt.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00416-00185841-00186204": "Egypt is a very high power energy location.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00417-00186204-00186595": "So take your time, walk slowly, breathe in, absorb the", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00418-00186595-00186858": "energy here, and I promise you will have a change.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00419-00186858-00186975": "See you next tomorrow.", "jUrzxqNhdxE-00420-00186975-00187304": "We'll see where life takes us. Bye."}}, {"audio_id": "jVlyDvSyCvA", "text": {"jVlyDvSyCvA-00000-00000000-00000397": "Simontive 7 Episode 31: Inaudible and Dangerous Sounds", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00001-00000469-00000553": "Simon: Oh no!", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00002-00000565-00001067": "I hear something that is much stronger than a dog whistle, and there is still no internet.", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00003-00001121-00001321": "It must be a firearm of some kind.", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00004-00001370-00001813": "It’s time to announce an emergency meeting along with telling Yi about this.", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00005-00002266-00003081": "Yi’s Twin: Simon just told me about an inaudible weapon in Napvile. Should we give approval for a two-country agreement?", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00006-00003190-00003958": "Yi: Yes, we should do that. Well, the two hostages of the orange bear and Mr. Dinosaur are still active.", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00007-00004065-00004918": "Yi’s Twin: I will tell Simon. I am surprised we are on speaking terms, but I guess this must be a mistake.", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00008-00005021-00005643": "Dabbling: I don’t know why I'm here, and I can just fly over to Simon right now, since there's no internet right now.", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00009-00005706-00005848": "Resort: Stay safe, Dabbling.", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00010-00005892-00005942": "*Morse code*", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00011-00005955-00006005": "*alarm*", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00012-00006012-00006190": "Simon: We have an emergency announcement.", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00013-00006217-00006622": "There is no internet, and an inaudible bullet was shot in Napvile.", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00014-00006673-00007250": "This applies to Sofa Territory, Budland, Appleland, and other areas of Dogland.", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00015-00007320-00007793": "There's a stay-at-home order except for emergency and food services for one day.", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00016-00007831-00007881": "*Morse code*", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00017-00007895-00007945": "*alarm*", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00018-00008379-00009211": "Tank Man: We must stay strong. Well, there is a box right over there that said “we might be here”. We must do something about it.", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00019-00009323-00009580": "Kimon: That sounds good to me as the origin of the hackers.", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00020-00010054-00010718": "Yi: Well, Tank Man is very strong, since he was able to find the box with the information.", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00021-00010783-00011298": "Yi’s Twin: We can exchange the hostages right now, but the court could be sent later.", "jVlyDvSyCvA-00022-00011400-00011669": "Yi: That sounds great. We will do this right now."}}, {"audio_id": "jVQDI_iibF0", "text": {"jVQDI_iibF0-00000-00001596-00001764": "Smucky's challenge,", "jVQDI_iibF0-00001-00001800-00002064": "opening the CES - KM cylinder...", "jVQDI_iibF0-00002-00009264-00009378": "Open!"}}, {"audio_id": "jVRkr8rS5WQ", "text": {"jVRkr8rS5WQ-00000-00000033-00000483": "♪ [THEME MUSIC] ♪", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00001-00000570-00000674": ">> ART, AIDS, AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00002-00000674-00000794": "RETROSPECTION.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00003-00000794-00000917": "TWO POWERHOUSE ARTISTS FROM THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00004-00000917-00001084": "1980S, DAVID WOJNAROWICZ AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00005-00001084-00001241": "PETER HUJAR ARE RECEIVING THEIR", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00006-00001241-00001414": "FIRST MAJOR RETROSPECTIVES MORE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00007-00001414-00001558": "THAN TWO DECADES AFTER THEIR", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00008-00001558-00001678": "DEATHS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00009-00001678-00001821": "IT’S CAUSE FOR CELEBRATION, BUT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00010-00001821-00001998": "ALSO SELF REFLECTION SAY OUR", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00011-00001998-00002235": "GUESTS, CURATORS DAVID KIEHL", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00012-00002235-00002419": "FROM THE WHITNEY MUSEUM AND JOEL", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00013-00002419-00002652": "SMITH FROM THE MORGAN LIBRARY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00014-00002652-00002772": "AND MUSEUM.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00015-00002772-00002909": "THEY’RE JOINED BY ARTIST AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00016-00002909-00003059": "EDUCATOR, PAMELA SNEED IN A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00017-00003059-00003216": "DISCUSSION OF THE ONGOING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00018-00003216-00003423": "DIFFICULT WORK OF INCLUSION.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00019-00003423-00003606": "THAT PLUS A PERFORMANCE FROM", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00020-00003606-00003790": "SNEED RIGHT HERE IN OUR STUDIO.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00021-00003790-00003950": "IT’S ALL COMING UP ON THE LAURA", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00022-00003950-00004047": "FLANDERS SHOW.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00023-00004047-00004150": "THE PLACE WHERE THE PEOPLE WHO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00024-00004150-00004267": "SAY IT CAN’T BE DONE TAKE A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00025-00004267-00004381": "BACKSEAT TO THE PEOPLE WHO ARE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00026-00004381-00004481": "DOING IT. WELCOME.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00027-00004547-00004948": "♪ [THEME MUSIC] ♪", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00028-00007193-00007384": ">> THE NEW YORK TIMES STYLE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00029-00007384-00007550": "MAGAZINE RECENTLY DEDICATED AN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00030-00007550-00007804": "ENTIRE ISSUE TO THE 1980S, WHAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00031-00007804-00007991": "THE EDITORS CALLED A TIME ON", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00032-00007991-00008144": "FIRE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00033-00008144-00008278": "FROM PERRY ELLIS TO HIP HOP, THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00034-00008278-00008451": "PERIOD GAVE US A LOT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00035-00008451-00008611": "BUT WHAT IS GETTING ESPECIALLY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00036-00008611-00008822": "CLOSE ATTENTION NOW IS THE ART", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00037-00008822-00008975": "THAT AROSE OUT OF THE AIDS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00038-00008975-00009085": "EPIDEMIC.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00039-00009085-00009222": "A DISEASE THAT THE PRESIDENT’S", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00040-00009222-00009356": "COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR OF THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00041-00009356-00009586": "TIME CALLED NATURE’S REVENGE ON", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00042-00009586-00009793": "GAY MEN.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00043-00009793-00009906": "THAT WAS PATRICK BUCHANAN.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00044-00009906-00010053": "BY THE TIME PRESIDENT REAGAN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00045-00010053-00010206": "ACTUALLY SAID THE WORD AIDS, THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00046-00010206-00010377": "DISEASE HAD SPREAD TO A 113", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00047-00010377-00010610": "COUNTRIES, KILLED OVER 20,000", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00048-00010610-00010794": "AMERICANS AND INFECTED TWICE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00049-00010794-00010991": "THAT NUMBER.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00050-00010991-00011161": "IS IT JUST TIME PASSING THAT IS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00051-00011161-00011324": "BRINGING THIS PERIOD BACK INTO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00052-00011324-00011504": "VISION OR IS IT ITS RESONANCE IN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00053-00011504-00011668": "ANOTHER TIME THAT FEELS KIND OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00054-00011668-00011808": "AFLAME.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00055-00011808-00011961": "THIS YEAR, THE ART WORLD IS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00056-00011961-00012162": "SEEING TWO MAJOR RETROSPECTIVES", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00057-00012162-00012329": "OF ARTISTS OF THAT PERIOD AT THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00058-00012329-00012459": "MORGAN LIBRARY,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00059-00012459-00012732": "PETER HUJAR, SPEED OF LIFE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00060-00012732-00012839": "AT THE WHITNEY MUSEUM,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00061-00012839-00013016": "DAVID WOJNAROWICZ, HISTORY KEEPS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00062-00013016-00013143": "ME AWAKE AT NIGHT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00063-00013143-00013363": "THE TWO ARTISTS LIVES", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00064-00013363-00013603": "INTERTWINED, ABSOLUTELY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00065-00013603-00013790": "PERSONAL, ADAMANTLY POLITICAL,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00066-00013790-00014040": "FORMAL, FURIOUS, PLAYFUL,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00067-00014040-00014177": "PROFANE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00068-00014177-00014377": "YOU’LL FIND SINGULARITY AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00069-00014377-00014584": "SOLIDARITY AND ALL OF THE ABOVE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00070-00014584-00014754": "IN THESE SHOWS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00071-00014754-00014878": "WHAT DO THEY HAVE TO DO WITH", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00072-00014878-00015051": "NOW, THOUGH, WITH THE ART AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00073-00015051-00015241": "ACTIVISM OF TODAY?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00074-00015241-00015398": "WE’RE GOING TO DELVE INTO THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00075-00015398-00015528": "QUESTION AND A WHOLE LOT MORE,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00076-00015528-00015729": "I’M SURE, WITH MY GUESTS TODAY.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00077-00015729-00015929": "DAVID KIEHL IS CURATOR EMERITUS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00078-00015929-00016059": "AT THE WHITNEY.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00079-00016059-00016239": "JOEL SMITH IS THE RICHARD", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00080-00016239-00016386": "MENSCHEL CURATOR OF THE MORGAN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00081-00016386-00016556": "LIBRARY AND MUSEUM.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00082-00016556-00016703": "WE’RE ALSO JOINED BY ARTIST,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00083-00016703-00016856": "AUTHOR, AND EDUCATOR, PAMELA", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00084-00016856-00017133": "SNEED.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00085-00017133-00017290": "SHE’S A MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00086-00017290-00017450": "VISUAL AIDS AND LAST SUMMER SHE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00087-00017450-00017667": "WAS PART OF DOING A PROGRAM,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00088-00017667-00017797": "CELEBRATING THE GREAT POET AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00089-00017797-00018068": "ESSAYIST WHOM THE TIMES FORGOT,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00090-00018068-00018174": "AUDRE LORDE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00091-00018174-00018308": "WITH DAVID WOJNAROWICZ, LET’S", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00092-00018308-00018418": "START THERE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00093-00018418-00018538": "PAMELA, WELCOME TO THIS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00094-00018538-00018652": "WELCOME ALL.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00095-00018652-00018762": ">> THANK YOU.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00096-00018762-00018832": "THANK YOU AND I’M ALSO A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00097-00018832-00018915": "PERFORMER.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00098-00018915-00019005": ">> YOU CERTAINLY ARE AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00099-00019005-00019085": "WE’LL SEE SOME MORE ABOUT THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00100-00019085-00019265": "LATER.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00101-00019265-00019472": "WHAT DOES THIS WORK MEAN TO YOU?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00102-00019472-00019616": "LET’S START WITH THE WORK THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00103-00019616-00019736": "WE’RE GOING TO BE TALKING ABOUT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00104-00019736-00019819": "TODAY.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00105-00019819-00019919": ">> WELL, ONE OF THE THINGS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00106-00019919-00020040": "THAT I FOCUSED ON FOR THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00107-00020040-00020196": "PROGRAM LAST YEAR WITH VISUAL", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00108-00020196-00020420": "AIDS WAS THE IDEA THAT BOTH", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00109-00020420-00020680": "AUDRE LORDE AND DAVID", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00110-00020680-00020887": "WOJNAROWICZ WERE SORT OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00111-00020887-00021051": "TRANSFORMED BY ILLNESS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00112-00021051-00021174": "RIGHT?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00113-00021174-00021284": "AND SO THAT WAS THE CATALYST TO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00114-00021284-00021391": "MAKE THEM SORT OF THESE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00115-00021391-00021551": "POLITICAL SPOKESPEOPLE OR", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00116-00021551-00021701": "SPOKESPERSONS OF THEIR TIME.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00117-00021701-00021838": "RIGHT?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00118-00021838-00021982": "AND SO I WAS INTERESTED IN THAT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00119-00021982-00022192": "SO, YOU KNOW, SHE HAD CANCER AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00120-00022192-00022409": "SHE WROTE, YOU KNOW, THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00121-00022409-00022569": "TRANSFORMATION OF SILENCE INTO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00122-00022569-00022706": "LANGUAGE AND ACTION.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00123-00022706-00022849": "AND THEN DAVID ALSO SPOKE ABOUT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00124-00022849-00023033": "SILENCE AND HE HAS THAT IMAGE,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00125-00023033-00023163": "YOU KNOW, WITH HIS MOUTH SEWN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00126-00023163-00023313": "SHUT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00127-00023313-00023473": "AND SO THEY WERE TWO REALLY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00128-00023473-00023636": "GREAT VISIONARIES AND I FEEL", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00129-00023636-00023977": "LIKE THE CATALYST WAS ILLNESS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00130-00023977-00024327": "SO THAT’S WHERE I SORT OF BEGAN.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00131-00024327-00024554": "AND I WAS ALSO TALKING ABOUT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00132-00024554-00024724": "SOMETIMES --", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00133-00024724-00024861": "WHAT IS IT?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00134-00024861-00025008": "I’M IN CONVERSATION WITH GREGG", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00135-00025008-00025128": "BORDOWITZ AND I FEEL LIKE AUDREY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00136-00025128-00025438": "LORDE AND DAVID HAVING A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00137-00025438-00025715": "CONVERSATION IN THIS ERA.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00138-00025715-00025892": "BUT I ALSO, I TALK A LOT TO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00139-00025892-00026082": "STUDENTS ABOUT BOTH OF THEM.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00140-00026082-00026302": "I FEEL LIKE THEY NEED IN THIS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00141-00026302-00026529": "ERA THE SENSE OF THE POLITICS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00142-00026529-00026810": "THAT CAME BEFORE, THE URGENCY,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00143-00026810-00027140": "HOW TO OVERCOME SILENCE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00144-00027140-00027270": "AGAIN, WE’RE LIVING IN A VERY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00145-00027270-00027447": "TUMULTUOUS TIME.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00146-00027447-00027661": "WE HAVE A TOXIC LEADER, A TOXIC", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00147-00027661-00027921": "PARTY, AND SO HOW DO WE FIGHT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00148-00027921-00028084": "AND HOW DO WE KNOW WHAT CAME", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00149-00028084-00028204": "BEFORE?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00150-00028204-00028331": "AND THEN ALSO THE --", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00151-00028331-00028641": "FOR DAVID, ONE, THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00152-00028641-00028898": "HE GAVE VOICE TO LIKE,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00153-00028898-00029022": "TALKING ABOUT LIKE CHILD ABUSE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00154-00029022-00029119": "AND ALL THAT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00155-00029119-00029275": "BUT THEY WILL ALSO SO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00156-00029275-00029449": "INTERDISCIPLINARY.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00157-00029449-00029743": "WHEN I LOOK AT HUJAR’S BIO AND I", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00158-00029743-00029899": "LOOK AT DAVID’S BIO, IT’S LIKE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00159-00029899-00030106": "THEY WERE POETS, THEY WERE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00160-00030106-00030317": "MUSICIANS, THEY HAD EVERYTHING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00161-00030317-00030413": "GOING ON.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00162-00030413-00030587": "AND I THINK IT’S REALLY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00163-00030587-00030770": "IMPORTANT THAT WE CAN LOOK AT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00164-00030770-00030954": "THE INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00165-00030954-00031064": ">> BOTH ARTISTS, DAVID IN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00166-00031064-00031304": "PARTICULAR, WHO PERCEIVED", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00167-00031304-00031511": "COMMERCIAL SUCCESS AS ARTISTIC", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00168-00031511-00031718": "FAILURE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00169-00031718-00031968": "THEY WERE VERY SKEPTICAL OF SORT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00170-00031968-00032138": "OF BEING ACCEPTED BY THE ART", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00171-00032138-00032235": "WORLD.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00172-00032235-00032389": "I MEAN, DAVID HAD A SHOW IN THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00173-00032389-00032575": "MID ’80S WHERE HE WAS VERY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00174-00032575-00032776": "WORRIED ABOUT, VERY CONCERNED", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00175-00032776-00032929": "THAT IT WOULD SOMEHOW RUIN HIS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00176-00032929-00033086": "CREATIVITY.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00177-00033086-00033266": ">> HE SORT OF STOPPED", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00178-00033266-00033446": "PAINTING FOR A WHILE BECAUSE HE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00179-00033446-00033653": "DIDN’T WANT TO --", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00180-00033653-00033843": "HE DIDN’T LIKE THE FEEDING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00181-00033843-00034150": "FRENZY OF THE ART WORLD.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00182-00034150-00034517": "AND THEN HE, I THINK ABOUT THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00183-00034517-00034741": "TIME THAT PETER WAS SICK, AND HE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00184-00034741-00035158": "WENT BACK TO PAINTING.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00185-00035158-00035392": "AND I THINK IT’S ALSO MAYBE THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00186-00035392-00035522": "CHANGES THAT HAPPENED IN HIS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00187-00035522-00035829": "PAINTING COME BECAUSE OF A SORT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00188-00035829-00036059": "OF PROFOUND RELATIONSHIP THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00189-00036059-00036152": "THE TWO ARTISTS HAD.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00190-00036152-00036232": ">> WELL, THAT WAS THE NEXT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00191-00036232-00036343": "THING I WAS GOING TO ASK YOU", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00192-00036343-00036443": "ABOUT, WAS ABOUT THEIR", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00193-00036443-00036569": "RELATIONSHIP AND HOW THEIR LIVES", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00194-00036569-00036736": "INTERTWINED.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00195-00036736-00036830": "YOU WANT TO TALK ABOUT THAT A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00196-00036830-00036923": "LITTLE BIT?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00197-00036923-00037050": ">> WELL, HUJAR IS SOMEBODY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00198-00037050-00037330": "WHO HAS A CHILDHOOD THAT HE CAN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00199-00037330-00037540": "CERTAINLY DRAW IN PARALLEL WITH", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00200-00037540-00037694": "WOJNAROWICZ’S.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00201-00037694-00037891": ">> HE’S WHAT?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00202-00037891-00037974": "20 YEARS OLDER, THOUGH, RIGHT?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00203-00037974-00038154": ">> EXACTLY RIGHT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00204-00038154-00038234": "HE WAS ABLE TO LOOK AT HIM AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00205-00038234-00038405": "SAY, \"HERE’S SOMEBODY WHO I HAVE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00206-00038405-00038658": "THE CHANCE IN SOME WAY,\" THIS IS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00207-00038658-00038938": "ENTIRELY MY PROJECTION, \"TO MAKE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00208-00038938-00039149": "GOOD ON THE THINGS THAT I KNEW I", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00209-00039149-00039302": "NEEDED WHEN I WAS YOUNG, BUT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00210-00039302-00039419": "THAT I NEVER HAD.”", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00211-00039419-00039542": "AND HIS ADVICE TO WOJNAROWICZ", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00212-00039542-00039723": "FROM THE BEGINNING IS SPEND TIME", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00213-00039723-00039949": "NOT THINKING ABOUT WHETHER", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00214-00039949-00040050": "YOU’RE SELLING WORK, SPEND TIME", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00215-00040050-00040190": "ON YOUR WORK.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00216-00040190-00040316": "AND THAT’S INDICATIVE OF THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00217-00040316-00040640": "KIND OF CONNECTION THAT HE SEES", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00218-00040640-00040754": "IT TO HIM.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00219-00040754-00040854": ">> I WAS GOING TO SAY THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00220-00040854-00041137": "DAVID’S --", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00221-00041137-00041338": "THE REAL VOCAL PART OF THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00222-00041338-00041574": "ACTIVISM AGAINST AIDS COMES", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00223-00041574-00041871": "AROUND THE TIME PETER’S", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00224-00041871-00042175": "DIAGNOSED.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00225-00042175-00042288": "HE HAD ALSO HAD CLOSE FRIENDS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00226-00042288-00042412": "WHO HAD BEEN DYING AND HE TALKS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00227-00042412-00042532": "ABOUT THAT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00228-00042532-00042809": "BUT THE SAME POINT, THERE’S THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00229-00042809-00043006": "WRITING SIDE OF HIM AND THE ART", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00230-00043006-00043209": "SIDE OF HIM AND THE ART SIDE HAS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00231-00043209-00043383": "A LOT GOING ON ALSO WITH", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00232-00043383-00043717": "SOMETHING HE WAS, I THINK, VERY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00233-00043717-00044000": "INTERESTED IN IS THE DESTRUCTION", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00234-00044000-00044444": "OF CIVILIZATION OF THE NATURAL", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00235-00044444-00044764": "WORLD OF NATURAL CULTURE,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00236-00044764-00044931": "INDIGENOUS CULTURE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00237-00044931-00045115": "IT’S ALL THE WAY --", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00238-00045115-00045408": "YOU KNOW, HOW WE ARE DESTROYING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00239-00045408-00045605": "OUR WORLD.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00240-00045605-00045775": "THIS WORLD OF MACHINES AND HOW", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00241-00045775-00045952": "IT’S GOBBLING US UP.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00242-00045952-00046122": "AND THAT SORT OF RUNS THROUGH A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00243-00046122-00046229": "LOT OF, I THINK, HIS CLASSIC", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00244-00046229-00046503": "PAINTINGS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00245-00046503-00046586": ">> THAT HOUSE OF FIRE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00246-00046586-00046853": ">> IT IS NOT THE --", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00247-00046853-00047003": "I MEAN, THERE’S SO MANY SIDES OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00248-00047003-00047160": "DAVID AND I THINK HE WAS ALMOST", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00249-00047160-00047344": "LIKE A VOLCANO READY TO ERUPT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00250-00047344-00047530": "AND THAT’S WHY I LOVE THAT IMAGE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00251-00047530-00047791": "OF DAVID IN FLAMES.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00252-00047791-00047931": ">> TO GO BACK THOUGH TO THIS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00253-00047931-00048121": "QUESTION OF THE ECONOMICS AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00254-00048121-00048284": "THE DEMOGRAPHICS AND THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00255-00048284-00048611": "VIOLENCE OF THE PERIOD.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00256-00048611-00048802": "YOU CAN’T HELP BUT BE STRUCK BY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00257-00048802-00048972": "THE FACT THAT THE BEAUTIFUL NEW", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00258-00048972-00049235": "WHITNEY IS ON PROPERTY RIGHT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00259-00049235-00049346": "THERE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00260-00049346-00049656": "THAT IN THIS PERIOD WAS A STROLL", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00261-00049656-00049956": "FOR TRANSVESTITES AND HOOKERS,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00262-00049956-00050173": "WAS ON THE WAY TO THE PIERS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00263-00050173-00050400": "WHERE A LOT OF THIS WORK HAD ITS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00264-00050400-00050653": "ROOTS, ON THE ART PIER THAT I", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00265-00050653-00050850": "ONCE VISITED EARLY IN THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00266-00050850-00051021": "MORNING, NOT LATE AT NIGHT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00267-00051021-00051161": "AND YOU COULD SEE THIS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00268-00051161-00051317": "INCREDIBLE WORK ON THE WALLS,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00269-00051317-00051461": "BUT AN UNDER CULTURE, A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00270-00051461-00051631": "SUBCULTURE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00271-00051631-00051751": "DO WE STILL HAVE THAT?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00272-00051751-00051891": "I MEAN, WHAT’S HAPPENED TO THAT?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00273-00051891-00051998": ">>  AND A LOT OF PEOPLE OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00274-00051998-00052095": "COLOR.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00275-00052095-00052232": "YEAH.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00276-00052232-00052389": "I MEAN, I’M INTERESTED IN HOW WE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00277-00052389-00052829": "I MEAN, I THINK LOOKING AT BOTH", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00278-00052829-00052989": "OF THEIR WORKS, HUJAR AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00279-00052989-00053133": "WOJNAROWICZ, I MEAN, I THINK", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00280-00053133-00053309": "IT’S SO PIONEERING AND I FEEL", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00281-00053309-00053466": "LIKE IT’S SO IMPORTANT TO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00282-00053466-00053670": "DOCUMENT THEIR WORKS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00283-00053670-00053773": "AND THEN ON THE OTHER HAND, I", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00284-00053773-00054020": "ALWAYS FEEL LIKE WITH THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00285-00054020-00054160": "INVISIBILITY OF ONE, THEN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00286-00054160-00054377": "THERE’S SOME WAY THAT SOME OTHER", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00287-00054377-00054544": "GROUP BECOMES INVISIBLE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00288-00054544-00054761": "AND SO HOW DO THOSE WORDS --", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00289-00054761-00054918": "I MEAN, HOW DO THOSE WORLDS COME", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00290-00054918-00055228": "TOGETHER, YOU KNOW?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00291-00055228-00055715": "LIKE HOW DO PEOPLE OF COLOR, HOW", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00292-00055715-00056049": "ARE THEY SEEING, HOW DO WE GET", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00293-00056049-00056179": "SEEN OF THAT PERIOD.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00294-00056179-00056252": ">> I MEAN, SHERYL SUTTON IS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00295-00056252-00056369": "ONE OF THE FEW PEOPLE OF COLOR", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00296-00056369-00056663": "IN THIS PITCH, IN THESE SHOWS,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00297-00056663-00056846": "THE DANCER.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00298-00056846-00056986": "SO IT’S WHAT’S IN IT, IT’S ALSO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00299-00056986-00057167": "WHAT’S LEFT OUT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00300-00057167-00057250": ">> CERTAINLY.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00301-00057250-00057430": "I THINK THE BASIS FOR HUJAR", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00302-00057430-00057604": "REALLY DOESN’T COME FROM A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00303-00057604-00057857": "POLITICAL ANALYSIS OF ANY KIND.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00304-00057857-00058017": "HE WOULD BE THE FIRST TO SAY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00305-00058017-00058264": "THAT THE WORK IS ABOUT OUTRAGE,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00306-00058264-00058438": "BUT IT’S AN OUTRAGE THAT’S A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00307-00058438-00058671": "PERSONAL RESPONSE TO THE WORLD.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00308-00058671-00058805": "FOR THAT MATTER, HIS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00309-00058805-00058998": "RELATIONSHIP TO AIDS IS THAT IF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00310-00058998-00059165": "SOMEBODY WHO’S BEEN THINKING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00311-00059165-00059309": "ABOUT MORTALITY AS A PART OF HIS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00312-00059309-00059542": "ART FROM THE VERY BEGINNING.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00313-00059542-00059649": "IT WAS ONE OF HIS FIRST", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00314-00059649-00059803": "IMPORTANT BODIES OF WORK IS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00315-00059803-00059969": "PHOTOGRAPHS OF CORPSES IN THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00316-00059969-00060256": "CATACOMBS OF PALERMO, OF WHICH", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00317-00060256-00060453": "HE PHOTOGRAPHED IN 1963.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00318-00060453-00060620": "THAT COMES OUT OF A CATHOLIC", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00319-00060620-00060730": "BACKGROUND AS MUCH AS ANYTHING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00320-00060730-00060847": "ELSE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00321-00060847-00061004": "AND OUT OF A SENSE OF CONNECTION", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00322-00061004-00061194": "WITH PAUL THEK, THE ARTIST WITH", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00323-00061194-00061334": "WHOM HE WAS VISITING THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00324-00061334-00061501": "CATACOMBS ON THAT DAY.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00325-00061501-00061671": "AND SO I THINK THERE’S A LOT IN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00326-00061671-00062068": "HUJAR WHO’S LIVING IN THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00327-00062068-00062282": "VILLAGE FROM THE EARLY 1950S", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00328-00062282-00062409": "ONWARD BEFORE HE’S EVEN DONE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00329-00062409-00062682": "WITH HIGH SCHOOL THAT HAS TO DO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00330-00062682-00062909": "WITH THE SOURCES OF HIS PERSONAL", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00331-00062909-00063433": "SENSE OF DISEMPOWERMENT AND RAGE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00332-00063433-00063683": "THAT SIMPLY DOVETAIL WITH A LOT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00333-00063683-00063887": "OF THE POLITICAL INSTINCTS THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00334-00063887-00064070": "WOJNAROWICZ HAS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00335-00064070-00064320": "AND MAKE PERFECT SENSE BUT A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00336-00064320-00064511": "DIFFERENT KIND OF SENSE WHEN THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00337-00064511-00064728": "TWO OF THEM COME TOGETHER, IT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00338-00064728-00064831": "ADDS UP TO SOMETHING BIGGER.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00339-00064831-00064931": ">> WELL, THIS IS PART OF THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00340-00064931-00065061": "PROJECT OF THE EXHIBITIONS IT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00341-00065061-00065218": "SEEMS TO ME, IS TO REVIVE THIS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00342-00065218-00065328": "CONVERSATION.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00343-00065328-00065542": "IS THAT RIGHT?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00344-00065542-00065675": ">> FOR ME, IT WAS A CASE OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00345-00065675-00065855": "REVIVING --", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00346-00065855-00066119": "DAVID, I THINK FOR A LONG TIME", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00347-00066119-00066476": "WAS KNOWN AS THE WRITER, AS THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00348-00066476-00066556": "ARTIST.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00349-00066556-00066796": "SO MUCH OF THE WORK HAD STAYED", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00350-00066796-00067006": "WITH THE PEOPLE WHO OWNED IT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00351-00067006-00067230": "BECAUSE THEY LOVED THE WORK.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00352-00067230-00067510": "AND I THINK IF THERE’S ONE WORK", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00353-00067510-00067680": "IT’S ONE DAY THIS BOY, OR ONE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00354-00067680-00067867": "DAY THIS KID, IS THE ONE WORK", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00355-00067867-00068098": "THAT SORT OF GOT OUT THERE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00356-00068098-00068314": "THE BUFFALOES FALLING WAS THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00357-00068314-00068501": "OTHER ONE BECAUSE OF THE YOUTUBE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00358-00068501-00068752": "RECORD ALBUM COVER.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00359-00068752-00068862": "PEOPLE KNEW THE WRITING, BUT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00360-00068862-00068965": "THEY DIDN’T KNOW THIS OTHER SIDE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00361-00068965-00069069": "OF HIM.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00362-00069069-00069185": "AND NOW IT’S TO SHOW THIS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00363-00069185-00069422": "COMPLEXITY OF HIS BRAIN.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00364-00069422-00069639": "AND IT’S SELF TAUGHT BRAIN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00365-00069639-00069723": "PRETTY MUCH.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00366-00069723-00069833": ">> IT’S INTERESTING, THOUGH,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00367-00069833-00069983": "BECAUSE THE SHOWS --", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00368-00069983-00070080": "I MEAN, I’VE HEARD SO MANY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00369-00070080-00070203": "PEOPLE’S DIFFERENT REACTIONS TO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00370-00070203-00070340": "GOING TO SEE THE SHOWS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00371-00070340-00070523": "A MUTUAL FRIEND OF OURS, AMY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00372-00070523-00070647": "SCHOLDER, WHO WAS ONE OF DAVID’S", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00373-00070647-00070960": "FIRST PUBLISHERS, SAID SHE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00374-00070960-00071091": "WALKED INTO THE PETER HUJAR SHOW", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00375-00071091-00071297": "AND JUST CRIED.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00376-00071297-00071504": "I FOUND IT VERY MOVING TO READ", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00377-00071504-00071624": "THE ESSAYS, TO LOOK AT THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00378-00071624-00071781": "CATALOGS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00379-00071781-00072001": "NOT ONLY BECAUSE OF THE BEAUTY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00380-00072001-00072152": "OF THE WORK AND WE HAVEN’T EVEN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00381-00072152-00072345": "TALKED ABOUT THE FORMALISM AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00382-00072345-00072549": "THE GENIUS OF THE WORK ITSELF,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00383-00072549-00072749": "BUT BECAUSE OF THAT ATMOSPHERE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00384-00072749-00073056": "OF THAT PERIOD OF DESPERATE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00385-00073056-00073303": "DETERMINATION NOT TO DIE IN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00386-00073303-00073520": "SILENCE, NOT TO BE DIVIDED FROM", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00387-00073520-00073793": "HUMANITY.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00388-00073793-00074050": "THAT SPEAKS TO A DESIRE THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00389-00074050-00074230": "WASN’T JUST A GAY MALE DESIRE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00390-00074230-00074491": "WASN’T JUST A 1980S DESIRE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00391-00074491-00074624": "CERTAINLY WASN’T A WHITE PEOPLE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00392-00074624-00074811": "DESIRE ALONE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00393-00074811-00075161": "IT’S THAT THAT I FEEL THESE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00394-00075161-00075375": "SHOWS REIGNITE OR AT LEAST STIR.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00395-00075375-00075575": ">> THE VOICE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00396-00075575-00075879": "SAY IT, DO IT, SHOUT IT OUT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00397-00075879-00076099": ">> THE URGENCY, THE AFLAME,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00398-00076099-00076282": "THE DON’T LET US BE DIVIDED", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00399-00076282-00076489": "FEELING.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00400-00076489-00076606": "BUT AT THE SAME TIME AS --", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00401-00076606-00076713": "YOU’RE RIGHT, THERE ARE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00402-00076713-00076856": "DIVISIONS THAT ARE BEING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00403-00076856-00077010": "REVEALED TOO.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00404-00077010-00077140": "HOW WOULD YOU TALK TO YOUR", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00405-00077140-00077257": "STUDENTS ABOUT --", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00406-00077257-00077410": "I MEAN, WHAT DO YOU ENCOURAGE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00407-00077410-00077517": "YOUR STUDENTS AND THE PEOPLE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00408-00077517-00077677": "THAT ARE COMING TO THESE SHOWS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00409-00077677-00078054": "TO DO, TO GET INVOLVED IN?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00410-00078054-00078388": "OR DO YOU JUST TRY TO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00411-00078388-00078538": "CHOREOGRAPH ANY OF THAT?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00412-00078538-00078685": ">> WELL, I’VE SENT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00413-00078685-00079022": "EVERYONE TO THE HUJAR SHOW AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00414-00079022-00079169": "I’M GOING TO SEND EVERYBODY TO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00415-00079169-00079325": "THE WOJNAROWICZ SHOW.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00416-00079325-00079499": "AND ACTUALLY I WAS SITTING IN A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00417-00079499-00079649": "STUDIO WITH A STUDENT THE OTHER", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00418-00079649-00079806": "DAY AND WE WERE TALKING ABOUT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00419-00079806-00080066": "WOJNAROWICZ AND I THINK I’M", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00420-00080066-00080203": "PROBABLY ONE OF THE ONLY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00421-00080203-00080370": "PROFESSORS WHO’S SPOKEN TO THEM", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00422-00080370-00080503": "AT LENGTH ABOUT THE AIDS ERA.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00423-00080503-00081161": "AND ALSO BECAUSE DAVID WAS A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00424-00081161-00081351": "VISUAL ARTIST AND ALSO A POET", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00425-00081351-00081501": "AND I WAS TALKING TO THEM ABOUT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00426-00081501-00081761": "THE INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00427-00081761-00081938": "THEN SOMEBODY WHO HAD POLITICAL", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00428-00081938-00082018": "CONCERNS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00429-00082018-00082152": "AND I THINK THAT THAT WAS A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00430-00082152-00082262": "REALLY IMPORTANT EXAMPLE FOR THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00431-00082262-00082505": "STUDENTS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00432-00082505-00082699": "BUT I’M JUST TRYING TO THINK.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00433-00082699-00082929": "I DON’T KNOW.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00434-00082929-00083056": "I REALLY WANT TO SEE SOME", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00435-00083056-00083296": "BRIDGES BEING BUILT IN TERMS OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00436-00083296-00083640": "-- I MEAN, I TALK ABOUT WOMEN, I", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00437-00083640-00084000": "TALK ABOUT BEING OF THAT ERA.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00438-00084000-00084170": "I TALK ABOUT AUDRE LORDE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00439-00084170-00084471": "I TALK ABOUT --", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00440-00084471-00084674": "I’M ON THE BOARD OF VISUAL AIDS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00441-00084674-00085001": "AND I ALSO DO A LOT OF TALKS NOW", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00442-00085001-00085261": "ABOUT THAT PERIOD AND I’M ALWAYS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00443-00085261-00085492": "TALKING ABOUT MY PEERS, BECAUSE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00444-00085492-00085612": "ONE OF THE OTHER THINGS THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00445-00085612-00085795": "HAPPENED IS THAT ACTIVISM IS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00446-00085795-00085935": "COMPLETELY ATTRIBUTED TO LIKE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00447-00085935-00086069": "ACT UP.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00448-00086069-00086199": "AND IT WAS LIKE I WAS FRIENDS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00449-00086199-00086342": "WITH ALL OF THESE WOMEN LIKE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00450-00086342-00086503": "AUDREY LORDE, LIKE CHERLY CLARK,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00451-00086503-00086663": "LIKE SAPPHIRE, LIKE ALL THESE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00452-00086663-00086850": "PEOPLE, ALL THESE POETS, ESSEX", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00453-00086850-00087077": "AND DONALD.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00454-00087077-00087243": "AND BASICALLY WE COULDN’T GET", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00455-00087243-00087424": "RESTED.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00456-00087424-00087530": "AND SO THE BOTTOM LINE IS WE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00457-00087530-00087714": "MADE ART.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00458-00087714-00087924": "AND SO IN THAT REGARD, PEOPLE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00459-00087924-00088181": "JUST ATTRIBUTE THIS ACTIVISM TO,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00460-00088181-00088371": "AGAIN, LIKE WHITE PEOPLE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00461-00088371-00088595": "BUT IT WAS ACROSS THE BOARD.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00462-00088595-00088705": "DO YOU KNOW WHAT I MEAN?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00463-00088705-00088935": "AND SO OF THE THINGS THAT I’M", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00464-00088935-00089209": "VERY STRONG ABOUT IS NOT WANTING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00465-00089209-00089332": "THESE HISTORIES TO BE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00466-00089332-00089469": "SEGREGATED.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00467-00089469-00089619": "I DON’T WANT IT TO BE SEGREGATED", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00468-00089619-00089743": "AROUND COLOR.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00469-00089743-00089863": "I DON’T WANT IT TO BE SEGREGATED", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00470-00089863-00089983": "AROUND GENDER.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00471-00089983-00090166": "I WANT TO FIND A WAY THAT WE CAN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00472-00090166-00090363": "BE INCLUSIVE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00473-00090363-00090513": ">> ADAM WEINBERG IN THE VERY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00474-00090513-00090767": "FIRST ESSAY IN THE CATALOG FOR", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00475-00090767-00091027": "THE WOJNAROWICZ SHOW TALKS ABOUT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00476-00091027-00091271": "THE AMBIVALENT POSITION OF THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00477-00091271-00091434": "GALLERY ITSELF IN RELATION TO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00478-00091434-00091698": "THE SOCIAL MOVEMENTS OF ITS TIME", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00479-00091698-00091905": "AND THE AWKWARDNESS OR DELICACY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00480-00091905-00092038": "OF THAT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00481-00092038-00092172": "CAN YOU ELABORATE?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00482-00092172-00092308": ">> WELL, THE GALLERIES IN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00483-00092308-00092479": "THE EAST VILLAGE, SOME OF THESE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00484-00092479-00093022": "SHOWS, THEY COULD BE ONE DAY.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00485-00093022-00093159": "IT WAS BASICALLY A SERIES OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00486-00093159-00093343": "POP-UP SHOWS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00487-00093343-00093530": "THEY COULD BE IN THE DISCO, THEY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00488-00093530-00093757": "COULD BE IN THE COFFEE SHOP, BUT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00489-00093757-00093907": "THERE WOULD BE THESE SORT OF ONE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00490-00093907-00094197": "DAY, TWO DAY EVENTS AND THERE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00491-00094197-00094350": "WOULD BE LIKE THE THEME OF THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00492-00094350-00094487": "MOMENT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00493-00094487-00094647": "AND I THINK THERE WAS A LOT OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00494-00094647-00095021": "ART BEING MADE, BUT IT WHITTLES", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00495-00095021-00095175": "WHEN YOU START LOOKING AT PEOPLE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00496-00095175-00095462": "LIKE PETER AND LIKE DAVID, I", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00497-00095462-00095662": "WOULD SAY ALSO LIKE MARTIN WONG,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00498-00095662-00096212": "NAN GOLDEN.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00499-00096212-00096376": "THESE ARE THE PEOPLE THAT REALLY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00500-00096376-00096696": "DELVE BELOW THAT INITIAL --", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00501-00096696-00096833": "YES, THEY’RE PART OF THIS PARTY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00502-00096833-00096933": "SCENE, BUT AT THE SAME POINT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00503-00096933-00097110": "THEY’RE NOT THE SCENE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00504-00097110-00097307": "THEY ARE GOING THERE ALMOST", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00505-00097307-00097510": "SUBVERSIVE BECAUSE THEIR WORK,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00506-00097510-00097761": "THE MORE YOU LOOK AT IT, THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00507-00097761-00098084": "MORE IT EATS INTO YOU AND IT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00508-00098084-00098264": "EATS INTO YOUR SOUL AND INTO HOW", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00509-00098264-00098401": "YOU THINK.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00510-00098401-00098541": "AND I THINK THAT’S SOMETHING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00511-00098541-00098822": "THAT DAVID’S WRITING ALMOST GOES", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00512-00098822-00099209": "DOWN TO WHAT IS THE ESSENCE OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00513-00099209-00099519": "BEING A HUMAN AND CARING AND THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00514-00099519-00100039": "ANGER THAT WE AS HUMANS HAVE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00515-00100039-00100123": "NO MATTER, MALE, FEMALE, COLOR,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00516-00100123-00100250": "WHITE, BLACK, GREEN, PURPLE,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00517-00100250-00100366": "WHATEVER.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00518-00100366-00100660": "THERE’S SOMETHING VERY MUCH A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00519-00100660-00100807": "HUMAN QUALITY THAT HAS TO COME", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00520-00100807-00100950": "OUT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00521-00100950-00101040": ">> YOU TALKED ABOUT EAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00522-00101040-00101171": "AWAY, I’VE GOT TO ASK YOU ABOUT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00523-00101171-00101408": "HOW PETER ENDED HIS LIFE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00524-00101408-00101494": "HE DIDN’T MAKE A LOT OF MONEY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00525-00101494-00101638": "OFF THIS WORK.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00526-00101638-00101725": ">> NO.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00527-00101725-00101878": ">> AND THE WORK IS NOW WORTH", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00528-00101878-00101991": "A LOT OF MONEY.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00529-00101991-00102098": ">> MM-HMM (AFFIRMATIVE).", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00530-00102098-00102202": ">> HOW DO YOU MAKE SENSE OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00531-00102202-00102352": "THAT AND WHAT DO WE NEED TO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00532-00102352-00102549": "LEARN ABOUT HOW ARTISTS CAN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00533-00102549-00102822": "BENEFIT FROM THE WORK THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00534-00102822-00102919": "THEY’RE CREATING?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00535-00102919-00103089": "NOT JUST THE COLLECTORS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00536-00103089-00103309": ">> HUJAR’S GOT AN AMBIVALENT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00537-00103309-00103513": "RELATIONSHIP, AS YOU MENTIONED,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00538-00103513-00103867": "TO COMMERCIAL SUCCESS AND A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00539-00103867-00104117": "COMMENT THAT HE MADE TO A FRIEND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00540-00104117-00104264": "WHO WAS CONSISTENTLY EMPLOYED", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00541-00104264-00104427": "WAS, \"JOBS ARE UNIMPORTANT.”", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00542-00104427-00104567": "MEANING YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00543-00104567-00104738": "LIVE AS POOR AS YOU NEED TO IN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00544-00104738-00104964": "ORDER TO DO THE WORK THAT YOU", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00545-00104964-00105165": "CARE ABOUT, TO DO THE ART THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00546-00105165-00105425": "REALLY MATTERS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00547-00105425-00105698": "I THINK AN IMPORTANT DIMENSION", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00548-00105698-00105989": "OF WHAT GOES ON IN EXPLAINING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00549-00105989-00106172": "THE DYNAMIC BETWEEN THESE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00550-00106172-00106352": "ARTISTS AND EXPLAINING THE EAST", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00551-00106352-00106496": "VILLAGE SCENE IN THE 1980S, IS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00552-00106496-00106740": "IT’S THE LAST TIME IN MANHATTAN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00553-00106740-00107083": "THAT THERE’S A CULTURE AND A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00554-00107083-00107400": "COMMUNITY OF THIS SCALE IN THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00555-00107400-00107510": "SHADOW OF MONEY.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00556-00107510-00107714": "IT’S NOT IN THE BOONDOCKS, IT’S", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00557-00107714-00107864": "NOT ACROSS THE RIVER.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00558-00107864-00108101": "IT’S NOT SOMETHING SEPARATE FROM", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00559-00108101-00108291": "WALL STREET.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00560-00108291-00108538": "IT’S A SHORT RIDE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00561-00108538-00108748": "AND I THINK IT’S SIMULTANEOUSLY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00562-00108748-00108902": "THE AWARENESS ON THE PART OF THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00563-00108902-00109022": "ARTISTS AND THE COMMUNITY THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00564-00109022-00109449": "THEY’RE AN ENEMY CAMP OF SOME", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00565-00109449-00109562": "KIND.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00566-00109562-00109743": "NOT IN A STRICTLY POLITICAL", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00567-00109743-00109879": "SENSE, BUT IN THE SENSE THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00568-00109879-00110019": "IT’S A CULTURE THAT’S ABOUT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00569-00110019-00110163": "SOMETHING DISTINCT WHICH IS NO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00570-00110163-00110457": "LONGER POSSIBLE IN MANHATTAN.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00571-00110457-00110637": "IT’S JUST SOMETHING WHICH HAS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00572-00110637-00110810": "BEEN LITERALLY PRICED OUT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00573-00110810-00111014": "AND I THINK IT’S ALSO AS MUCH AS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00574-00111014-00111307": "WE MOURN THE LOSS OF THE VARIOUS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00575-00111307-00111531": "ARTISTS, THE LOSS OF THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00576-00111531-00111688": "AUDIENCE IN THE AIDS CRISIS IS I", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00577-00111688-00112262": "THINK THE SORT OF UNSPOKEN SWELL", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00578-00112262-00112479": "THERE THAT YOU HAVE TO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00579-00112479-00112559": "RECOGNIZE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00580-00112559-00112742": "THERE’S NEVER AGAIN BEEN AN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00581-00112742-00112939": "AMERICAN AUDIENCE OF THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00582-00112939-00113193": "SOPHISTICATION AND ATTUNEMENT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00583-00113193-00113493": "AND CONNECTION HERE AT THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00584-00113493-00113907": "CENTER OF MUSEUM ACTIVITY AND OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00585-00113907-00114197": "PERFORMANCE AND EVERYTHING ELSE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00586-00114197-00114481": "THAT GOES ON IN MANHATTAN.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00587-00114481-00114934": "THAT QUALITY OF BEING SORT OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00588-00114934-00115168": "THIS OUTSIDE CAMP THAT IS NOT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00589-00115168-00115318": "OUTSIDE, BUT IS RIGHT IN THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00590-00115318-00115548": "MIDST OF THE CITY IS A THING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00591-00115548-00115722": "THAT IT’S VERY HARD TO TALK", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00592-00115722-00115829": "ABOUT REGAINING.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00593-00115829-00115965": ">> IT WAS CERTAINLY A SHOCK", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00594-00115965-00116092": "FOR A LOT OF WHITE MEN.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00595-00116092-00116342": ">> WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE SORT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00596-00116342-00116613": "OF THE GENERATION SAFE IN THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00597-00116613-00117073": "’80S, WELL NO, THE ’80S AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00598-00117073-00117510": "EARLY ’90S, THE AMOUNT OF PEOPLE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00599-00117510-00117687": "IN THE ART SCHOOLS AND DANCE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00600-00117687-00117871": "SCHOOLS AND THE WHOLE THING.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00601-00117871-00118318": "HOW THEY TALKED ABOUT LOSING A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00602-00118318-00118601": "WHOLE GENERATION OF MENTORS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00603-00118601-00118852": "PEOPLE WHO WEREN’T THERE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00604-00118852-00118938": "ANYMORE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00605-00118938-00119108": "WHO ARE JUST WHEN THEY DIED OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00606-00119108-00119295": "AIDS OR RIGHT AT THAT POINT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00607-00119295-00119582": "WHERE THEY WERE HAVING SOMETHING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00608-00119582-00119839": "TO SAY AND TO DO AND THEY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00609-00119839-00120033": "WEREN’T THERE AND IT WASN’T", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00610-00120033-00120273": "BEING ABLE TO PASS THIS ON.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00611-00120273-00120473": "AND I THINK THAT’S WHY WHAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00612-00120473-00120670": "SURVIVES THE WRITING OR THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00613-00120670-00121014": "PHOTOGRAPHS OR THE PAINTINGS OR", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00614-00121014-00121394": "WHATEVER IT IS, THAT SURVIVES IS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00615-00121394-00121591": "THE WAY THAT I THINK A NEW", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00616-00121591-00121818": "GENERATION NOW IS COMING BACK", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00617-00121818-00122072": "AND SAYING, \"WAIT, THIS IS WHAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00618-00122072-00122248": "I’VE BEEN LOOKING FOR.”", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00619-00122248-00122412": ">> I HEAR SO MUCH RESONANCE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00620-00122412-00122569": "WITH THE BLACK LIVES MATTER", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00621-00122569-00122799": "MOVEMENT, THE SURFACING OF LOSS,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00622-00122799-00123139": "THE SURFACING OF GRIEF.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00623-00123139-00123423": "THERE ARE MANY COMMUNITIES THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00624-00123423-00123593": "HAVE EXPERIENCED THAT LEVEL OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00625-00123593-00123820": "GRIEF AND SLAUGHTER AND BEING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00626-00123820-00124077": "IGNORED.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00627-00124077-00124254": "I HOPE THAT FROM THIS MOMENT WE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00628-00124254-00124501": "CAN FIGURE OUT HOW TO DISTILL", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00629-00124501-00124674": "SOMETHING THAT PULLS THESE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00630-00124674-00124951": "EXPERIENCES TOGETHER FULL FORCE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00631-00124951-00125108": "YOU’RE GOING TO TAKE US OUT,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00632-00125108-00125198": "PAMELA.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00633-00125198-00125371": "YOU MIGHT HAVE A FINAL COMMENT,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00634-00125371-00125435": "BUT YOU’RE ALSO GOING TO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00635-00125435-00125492": "PERFORM.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00636-00125492-00125662": ">> MM-HMM (AFFIRMATIVE).", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00637-00125662-00125779": ">> AND I THANK YOU FOR THAT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00638-00125779-00125882": ">> MM-HMM (AFFIRMATIVE).", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00639-00125882-00125995": ">> DO YOU WANT TO SET UP", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00640-00125995-00126085": "WHAT YOU’RE GOING TO PERFORM?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00641-00126085-00126262": ">> WELL, ONE, I MEAN, IT’S", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00642-00126262-00126413": "INTERESTING BECAUSE, I JUST", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00643-00126413-00126579": "WROTE THIS BOOK, SWEET DREAMS,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00644-00126579-00126753": "AND IT’S A MEMOIR PIECE AND IT’S", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00645-00126753-00127133": "PART OF A LARGER MEMOIR.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00646-00127133-00127340": "FUNNY ENOUGH, A LOT OF IT IS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00647-00127340-00127494": "ABOUT CHILD ABUSE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00648-00127494-00127807": "IT’S PERSONAL, IT’S POLITICAL.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00649-00127807-00128118": "SO INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH, I MEAN,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00650-00128118-00128418": "I FEEL LIKE THERE’S SOMETHING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00651-00128418-00128571": "ABOUT LIKE, I MEAN, IF YOU’RE A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00652-00128571-00128701": "WOMAN OF COLOR, PEOPLE ARE LIKE,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00653-00128701-00128808": "\"SUCK IT UP.”", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00654-00128808-00129015": "LIKE, OF COURSE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00655-00129015-00129199": "BUT I WAS ACTUALLY FOR THE SHOW,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00656-00129199-00129359": "I WAS LOOKING AGAIN AT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00657-00129359-00129492": "WOJNAROWICZ AND I WAS LOOKING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00658-00129492-00129742": "AGAIN AT HUJAR AND I FELT THIS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00659-00129742-00130140": "INCREDIBLE PERMISSION, THAT BOTH", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00660-00130140-00130296": "OF THEM WERE SO BOLD AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00661-00130296-00130503": "CERTAINLY DAVID AND TALKING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00662-00130503-00130690": "ABOUT VERY DIFFICULT SUBJECTS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00663-00130690-00130797": "AND SPEAKING FROM AN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00664-00130797-00130984": "INTERDISCIPLINARY PLACE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00665-00130984-00131351": "AND SO I FELT THANK GOD, AGAIN,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00666-00131351-00131544": "I CAN LOOK TO HIM AND SAY, \"YOU", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00667-00131544-00131628": "KNOW WHAT?”", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00668-00131628-00131748": "OKAY, THERE ARE PEOPLE WHO ARE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00669-00131748-00132048": "DOING THIS WHO ARE OUTSPOKEN AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00670-00132048-00132202": "THAT WE CAN SPEAK THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00671-00132202-00132358": "UNSPEAKABLE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00672-00132358-00132515": "SO I’M GOING TO TALK A LITTLE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00673-00132515-00132655": "BIT ABOUT THAT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00674-00132655-00132872": "AND THEN I WANTED TO ALSO SAY, I", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00675-00132872-00133109": "WROTE SOMETHING FOR AVRAM", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00676-00133109-00133430": "FINKELSTEIN’S NEW BOOK, AND I", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00677-00133430-00133573": "THINK A HISTORY OF AIDS THROUGH", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00678-00133573-00133710": "ITS IMAGES.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00679-00133710-00133910": "AND BASICALLY ONE OF THE THINGS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00680-00133910-00134027": "THAT I THINK IS HAPPENING IN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00681-00134027-00134194": "THIS PERIOD TOO, IS THAT IT’S", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00682-00134194-00134370": "KIND OF LIKE AFTER THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00683-00134370-00134511": "HOLOCAUST, THERE WAS A WHOLE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00684-00134511-00134707": "PERIOD WHERE ARTISTS COULD NOT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00685-00134707-00134921": "WRITE, WRITERS COULDN’T WRITE,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00686-00134921-00135058": "PEOPLE WHO JUST COULDN’T SPEAK.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00687-00135058-00135238": "AND IT WAS JUST HUGE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00688-00135238-00135425": "AND I FEEL LIKE WHAT’S HAPPENING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00689-00135425-00135562": "IN THIS PERIOD IS THAT WE’RE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00690-00135562-00135742": "KIND OF DEFROSTING.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00691-00135742-00135929": "I MEAN, THAT THERE’S LIKE-", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00692-00135929-00135985": ">> YOU’RE GETTING", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00693-00135985-00136082": "PERMISSION.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00694-00136082-00136162": ">> RIGHT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00695-00136162-00136332": "BUT THERE’S PTSD AND THEN WE’RE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00696-00136332-00136523": "HERE, AND THEN FINALLY, DECADES", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00697-00136523-00136783": "LATER, WE CAN START TO FINALLY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00698-00136783-00136943": "ARTICULATE WHAT HAPPENED BECAUSE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00699-00136943-00137103": "IT WAS SUCH --", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00700-00137103-00137330": "WE WERE SO BOMBARDED, YOU KNOW.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00701-00137330-00137413": ">> THANK YOU ALL FOR YOUR", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00702-00137413-00137520": "WORK.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00703-00137520-00137590": "WE COULD KEEP TALKING OBVIOUSLY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00704-00137590-00137687": "FOR HOURS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00705-00137687-00137831": "THE PETER HUJAR SHOW CLOSES IN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00706-00137831-00137997": "NEW YORK ON MAY 20TH AT THE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00707-00137997-00138168": "MORGAN, BUT GOES TO BERKELEY AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00708-00138168-00138398": "THAT OPENS IN JULY.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00709-00138398-00138481": "AT THE WHITNEY,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00710-00138481-00138605": "THE WOJNAROWICZ SHOW OPENS ON", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00711-00138605-00138778": "THE 13TH OF JULY?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00712-00138778-00138902": ">> FORMALLY TO THE PUBLIC.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00713-00138902-00139145": ">> FORMALLY TO THE PUBLIC.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00714-00139145-00139275": "AND CLOSES AT THE END OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00715-00139275-00139395": "SEPTEMBER, SO DON’T DELAY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00716-00139395-00139569": "ENDLESSLY TO GETTING THERE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00717-00139569-00139702": "WILL TRAVEL AFTER THAT TO MADRID", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00718-00139702-00139919": "AND WE HOPE OTHER PARTS AS WELL.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00719-00139919-00140123": "THANK YOU ALL FOR BEING WITH US.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00720-00140123-00140223": "PAMELA, OVER TO YOU.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00721-00140230-00140630": "♪ [THEME MUSIC] ♪", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00722-00140937-00141097": ">> ROPE A DOPE FOR SANDRA", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00723-00141097-00141267": "BLAND.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00724-00141267-00141538": "I HAD JUST BEGUN TO RELAX,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00725-00141538-00141768": "CELEBRATE THE MARRIAGE EQUALITY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00726-00141768-00141898": "RULING.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00727-00141898-00142025": "I HAD JUST BEGUN FEELING WITH", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00728-00142025-00142118": "OBAMA.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00729-00142118-00142272": "I WAS WATCHING ALI IN TROUBLE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00730-00142272-00142425": "OFF THE ROPES, DELIVERING TO HIS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00731-00142425-00142559": "OPPONENT THE ROPE A DOPE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00732-00142559-00142796": "MY FATHER’S EYES, EXCITEMENT.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00733-00142796-00142959": "I WAS JUST BEGINNING TO BREATHE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00734-00142959-00143213": "AIR, FEEL EXHILARATED AT IMAGES", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00735-00143213-00143486": "OF JOE BIDEN AND PRESIDENT OBAMA", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00736-00143486-00143656": "RUNNING DOWN HALLS OF THE WHITE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00737-00143656-00143860": "HOUSE WITH RAINBOW FLAGS LIKE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00738-00143860-00144104": "BOYS WITH KITES SOARING.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00739-00144104-00144347": "I WAS JUST BEGINNING TO FORGIVE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00740-00144347-00144507": "DEATHS OF MY BROTHERS TO AIDS,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00741-00144507-00144691": "NOT FORGET.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00742-00144691-00144891": "THERE SHOULD STILL BE TRIBUNALS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00743-00144891-00145098": "FOR THEM AND EVERY WOMAN ABUSED", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00744-00145098-00145348": "BY THE MEDICAL SYSTEM.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00745-00145348-00145522": "I HAD JUST BEGUN TO TURN A", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00746-00145522-00145705": "CORNER ON MIKE BROWN, FREDDIE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00747-00145705-00145852": "GRAY, TRAYVON MARTIN, ERIC", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00748-00145852-00146199": "GARNER, THE MASSACRE AT AME, NOT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00749-00146199-00146433": "THINK OF IT ALL EVERY DAY, AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00750-00146433-00146553": "THEN THE POLICE KILLED THIS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00751-00146553-00146679": "YOUNG BLACK GIRL IN CUSTODY IN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00752-00146679-00146800": "TEXAS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00753-00146800-00146956": "CLAIMED SHE COMMITTED SUICIDE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00754-00146956-00147193": "I REMEMBER WE’RE A WAR NATION IN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00755-00147193-00147684": "WAR TIMES.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00756-00147684-00147924": "I IMAGINE HOW JAMES BAY OR NINA", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00757-00147924-00148118": "FELT SEEING A NATION TURN ITS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00758-00148118-00148414": "DOG’S TEETH, GAS HOSES, BULLETS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00759-00148414-00148588": "ON CHILDREN AND ADULTS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00760-00148588-00148772": "I CAN’T STOP THINKING ABOUT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00761-00148772-00149072": "STEVE BIKO, HIS BATTERED FACE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00762-00149072-00149275": "THEY SAY HE HUNG HIMSELF TOO.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00763-00149275-00149549": "THE WORLD’S OUTRAGE.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00764-00149549-00149759": "WHO WILL PRAY NOW FOR US?", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00765-00149759-00150039": "AMERICA.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00766-00150039-00150260": "AN EXCERPT OF DAVID WOJNAROWICZ,", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00767-00150260-00150567": "ONE DAY THIS KID.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00768-00150567-00150800": "ONE DAY, FAMILIES WILL GIVE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00769-00150800-00150990": "FALSE INFORMATION TO THEIR", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00770-00150990-00151191": "CHILDREN AND EACH CHILD WILL", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00771-00151191-00151404": "PASS DOWN THAT INFORMATION", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00772-00151404-00151531": "GENERATIONALLY TO THEIR", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00773-00151531-00151714": "FAMILIES, AND THAT INFORMATION", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00774-00151714-00151898": "WILL BE DESIGNED TO MAKE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00775-00151898-00152122": "EXISTENCE INTOLERABLE FOR THIS", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00776-00152122-00152258": "KID.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00777-00152258-00152445": "ONE DAY, THIS KID WILL BEGIN TO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00778-00152445-00152672": "EXPERIENCE ALL THIS ACTIVITY IN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00779-00152672-00152839": "HIS ENVIRONMENT AND THAT", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00780-00152839-00153079": "ACTIVITY AND INFORMATION WILL", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00781-00153079-00153286": "COMPEL HIM TO COMMIT SUICIDE OR", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00782-00153286-00153533": "TO SUBMIT TO DANGER IN HOPES OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00783-00153533-00153793": "BEING MURDERED OR SUBMIT TO", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00784-00153793-00154087": "SILENCE AND INVISIBILITY.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00785-00154087-00154260": "HE WILL BE SUBJECT TO LOSS OF", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00786-00154260-00154544": "HOME, CIVIL RIGHTS, JOBS, AND", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00787-00154544-00154828": "ALL CONCEIVABLE FREEDOMS.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00788-00154828-00154998": "ALL THIS WILL BEGIN TO HAPPEN IN", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00789-00154998-00155255": "ONE OR TWO YEARS WHEN HE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00790-00155255-00155532": "DISCOVERS HE DESIRES TO PLACE", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00791-00155532-00155912": "HIS NAKED BODY ON THE NAKED BODY", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00792-00155912-00156105": "OF ANOTHER BOY.", "jVRkr8rS5WQ-00793-00156186-00156786": "♪ [THEME MUSIC] ♪"}}, {"audio_id": "jW7OaDRfNmu", "text": {"jW7OaDRfNmu-00000-00001127-00001327": "Do you think we will endure the sanctions?", "jW7OaDRfNmu-00001-00001327-00001631": "We will absolutely endure! To spite the enemies."}}, {"audio_id": "jWh7L2wohKE", "text": {"jWh7L2wohKE-00000-00000000-00000200": "no subtitles found..."}}, {"audio_id": "jWtzhUM7pAU", "text": {"jWtzhUM7pAU-00000-00000000-00000590": "Good morning Hank, it's Tuesday. Today I'd like to share some good news with you because lately I've been feeling a little bit BLEH", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00001-00000590-00000824": "You know I'm kind of fed up with 2017 in general", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00002-00000824-00001354": "and I find large swaths of the social internet sort of disheartening, and I just feel BLEH", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00003-00001356-00001626": "But once a year I like to look at some encouraging global trend lines,", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00004-00001626-00002036": "so here are five ways that 2017 is actually kind of the best.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00005-00002036-00002602": "First, charitable giving is at an all-time high, even after adjusting for inflation, at least in the United States.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00006-00002602-00003174": "Secondly, it's possible that 2017 will be the second to last year that any human ever gets polio.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00007-00003174-00003729": "The end of polio will be a huge global health victory won by millions of donors and heroic volunteers.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00008-00003729-00004346": "So far this year there have been only 16 new cases of wild polio virus. That's down from 37 last year.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00009-00004346-00004820": "For a little bit of context, when I was in high school there were over a hundred thousand cases of polio every year.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00010-00004830-00005156": "Third, by some measures, 2017 has been the best year in human history,", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00011-00005156-00005522": "although by many other measures, it hasn't been, like if you measure, for instance, by Twitter.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00012-00005522-00006100": "But like percentage of people living in absolute poverty - lowest it's ever been; percentage of kids in school - highest its ever been;", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00013-00006100-00006498": "percentage of adults who can read - highest it's ever been; cancer death rates are down,", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00014-00006498-00006923": "not just in rich countries, but globally; and also this baby hippopotamus was born!", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00015-00006923-00007204": "Of course, there are ways in which the world is getting worse. In the US for instance,", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00016-00007204-00007592": "opiate abuse is driving a huge increase in death by drug overdose.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00017-00007592-00008168": "South Sudan is experiencing a famine, the world's first official famine since 2012, and several other countries are on the brink of famine.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00018-00008190-00008714": "Horrific ethnic cleansing in Myanmar has killed many people and forced hundreds of thousands more from their homes.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00019-00008714-00009140": "There are many tragedies that demand better responses from governments and individuals.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00020-00009140-00009388": "But even so, on average, the human", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00021-00009388-00009862": "population is healthier, more prosperous, and better educated than it ever has been.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00022-00009866-00010488": "Okay, fourth: babies. Babies are amazing and they are being born everyday and in 2017, a particular amazing baby named", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00023-00010488-00011184": "Orin learned how to crawl. Also, babies have never been as healthy or as likely to survive into adulthood as they are in 2017.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00024-00011184-00011784": "To understand how dramatically things are improving let's look at Liberia. So back in 1995 when I graduated from high school", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00025-00011810-00012308": "24% of all babies born in Liberia died before the age of five.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00026-00012308-00012548": "Today, it's under seven percent. Now, that is still way too high,", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00027-00012550-00012913": "but it's dropped by more than two-thirds in just 22 years.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00028-00012934-00013274": "Now, you might be saying, \"Oh, but population growth is out of control!\" except NO.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00029-00013274-00013969": "Like everywhere else in the world, in Liberia when health care access improves, and child mortality goes down, families choose to have fewer children.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00030-00013972-00014280": "Here's what the fertility rate looks like since 1995.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00031-00014304-00014668": "So these changes are profound, but I should say that they are neither natural nor inevitable.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00032-00014668-00015458": "Like, this is happening because of investments we are making as a species: in research, in health care systems, and in training and paying healthcare workers.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00033-00015458-00016222": "For most of human history, there was no expectation that over time lives would get healthier or food more abundant, because that's not what happened over time.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00034-00016236-00016480": "It can be hard to process just how dramatic these changes are,", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00035-00016480-00017052": "so for a little bit of context, in the year my mother was born the child mortality rate in Portugal was about 9%.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00036-00017064-00017516": "In 2017, no country on earth will have a child mortality rate that high.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00037-00017530-00017926": "Now, lots of organizations are working to keep this progress going, but I want to highlight two:", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00038-00017926-00018396": "Save the Children, which helps kids and families from refugee camps to remote villages worldwide,", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00039-00018408-00018812": "and Last Mile Health, which trains and employs community health workers in Liberia.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00040-00018816-00019298": "Which brings me to my fifth bit of good news: The Project for Awesome starts this Friday at noon Eastern!", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00041-00019302-00019850": "That's when you should upload your video about a charity you care about, more info and thumbnails available at projectforawesome.com", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00042-00019854-00020366": "But the fundraiser for the project for awesome begins at midnight tonight and during this first half of The Project for Awesome", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00043-00020368-00020660": "we're raising money for Save the Children and Last Mile Health.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00044-00020660-00021000": "Because of matching donations, every dollar you donate will count as four dollars,", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00045-00021000-00021730": "and also you can get amazing perks like tuatara coins, and deleted scenes from my book Turtles All the Way Down, and a personalized self-care bunny.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00046-00021730-00022122": "And some of those perks are limited in quantity, so no pressure, em dash, a little bit of pressure.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00047-00022122-00022440": "If it's past midnight you can find a link to the fundraiser at projectforawesome.com", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00048-00022444-00022544": "or in the doobly-doo below.", "jWtzhUM7pAU-00049-00022552-00023236": "Hank, I will see you and the rest of nerdfighteria at noon Eastern Time this Friday for the 48 hour Project for Awesome livestream. DFTBA."}}]