[{"audio_id": "caX7DOh2z_A", "text": {"caX7DOh2z_A-00000-00000016-00000440": "Today we're discovering the cultural capital of switzerland the city of Basel.", "caX7DOh2z_A-00001-00001440-00001816": "One thing I love about Basel it's a city of architects and architecture", "caX7DOh2z_A-00002-00002280-00002984": "especially the old town along the Rhine that is very walkable and very nice to discover.", "caX7DOh2z_A-00003-00006640-00007023": "Across the river obviously there are bridges but here in Basel", "caX7DOh2z_A-00004-00007023-00007631": "there's also another way. Using only the natural power of the river's current", "caX7DOh2z_A-00005-00007631-00008584": "this ferry will take you from one side of the river to the other.", "caX7DOh2z_A-00006-00009920-00010616": "One of my favorite coffé in Switzerland is called cafe frühling and little detail", "caX7DOh2z_A-00007-00010616-00011484": "often a latte is called a cafe \"Schale\".", "caX7DOh2z_A-00008-00011752-00012832": "A good place to eat is KLARA on clara street where you'll find really good street food.", "caX7DOh2z_A-00009-00012832-00013376": "There's a new hotel that I really like it's called the Märthof hotel. What they did they took an old", "caX7DOh2z_A-00010-00013376-00014184": "building, traditional building, beautiful but they redid everything inside it's really spectacular.", "caX7DOh2z_A-00011-00015040-00015391": "Basel is obviously known for \"old Basel\" but it's also a", "caX7DOh2z_A-00012-00015391-00016984": "city that features very interesting street art.", "caX7DOh2z_A-00013-00018672-00019024": "A nice way to finish your day in the trendy neighbourhood of Kleinhünigen", "caX7DOh2z_A-00014-00019112-00019784": "the Sandoase restaurant. Very good and it looks like a beach club.", "caX7DOh2z_A-00015-00022272-00022280": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "cb0FuSOjbJu", "text": {"cb0FuSOjbJu-00000-00000742-00001807": "Leo February 2019 Psychic Tarot Reading", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00001-00002764-00003704": "Leo's ... oh my god you guys it's so much that is happening you Leo's,  oh how are my Leo's", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00002-00003704-00004504": "doing...? How are my beautiful Leo's doing...?", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00003-00005073-00005998": "okay you Leo, this is the month of February. In this month you Leo's you have", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00004-00005998-00006544": "the energy of the world this is good this is fantastic this is wonderful...", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00005-00006544-00007142": "This is so wonderful for you Leo's. The energy of the world is here for you guys", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00006-00007142-00007775": "it's gonna be good um so um what is happening and what is", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00007-00007775-00008320": "transpiring ... let's see how this is basically going to be working out for", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00008-00008320-00009211": "the Leo signs in this month. This a wonderful positive month this is so", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00009-00009211-00009865": "positive so good um let's see what is happening and what is transpiring to", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00010-00009865-00010406": "you Leo in this month... Now this month of February has four weeks and in this four", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00011-00010406-00011146": "weeks we have to deal with ... there's... it's about information coming out for you", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00012-00011146-00011606": "Leo. It's just information that is coming counts and this is going to be", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00013-00011606-00012182": "good so um I want to say to all you Leo's please remember this reading is", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00014-00012182-00013325": "going to be 45 minutes long, so please regain yourself. It's gonna be 45", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00015-00013325-00013897": "minutes long. For the [other] 30 minutes 'on-demand', you can go on On-Deman [link below] and", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00016-00013897-00014471": "take this so let's look at the Leo's and what is coming out for the Leo's in", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00017-00014471-00015431": "the month of February. now you have this energy that is here and let's look and", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00018-00015431-00015806": "see what is happening and what is transpiring we have the energy of the", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00019-00015806-00016127": "magician the energy of the magician so what is that", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00020-00016127-00016511": "instead things are going to start happening for yulia's and this is going", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00021-00016511-00016880": "to be wonderful so whatever the situation that you were going through in", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00022-00016880-00017636": "the first week in the first week off and I gotta pull this out so I have enough", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00023-00017636-00018320": "space to put the cards in the first week of the month of February for you Leo's", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00024-00018320-00018686": "you're going to be speeding up things are going to be happening for you Leah's", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00025-00018686-00019274": "so it's going to be good so if there was a sort of you know backlog and that sort", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00026-00019274-00019715": "of a game for you Leah's is going to be looking good it's a here sign and the", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00027-00019715-00020144": "zodiac energy in the two first weeks is also in the air and in the to last", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00028-00020144-00020708": "week's is water let's look and see what else we have we have your stabbed in the", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00029-00020708-00021395": "back and this is good so oh my yeah whatever the situation is is okay let it", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00030-00021395-00021929": "go let it go um you know whatever is transpiring or whatever is happening", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00031-00021929-00022292": "it's good because whenever these things happen", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00032-00022292-00022742": "um you're going to realize that people who did it is going to fall on their", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00033-00022742-00023294": "faces okay so we have the energy of the eight of Pentacles whatever the", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00034-00023294-00023777": "situation is you have the energy of the eight of Pentacles is here in the third", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00035-00023777-00024353": "week it's an energy so you have two swords energy in the first and second", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00036-00024353-00024770": "week and you have the eight of Pentacles in the third week and the fourth week", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00037-00024770-00025238": "you are Lea's have a situation a decision that you need to make and it's", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00038-00025238-00026020": "okay you are going to be finding out how to resolve this situation whatever the", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00039-00026020-00026452": "decision is you're going to be finding out how to resolve it and you're going", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00040-00026452-00026966": "to make a decision and you're going to just decide to let things go and this is", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00041-00026966-00027383": "going to be good so you know no matter what is transpiring what is happening", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00042-00027383-00027833": "and even you know there is a say no weapon that falls against you shall", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00043-00027833-00028118": "prosper so whatever the life and backstabbing", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00044-00028118-00028694": "whatever lies and back 7at transpire and took place no weapon that falls against", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00045-00028694-00029138": "you shall prosper now let's look at the second week coin in the third week", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00046-00029138-00029654": "because you have just this justice so whatever the situation was", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00047-00029654-00030173": "just this comes in and justice prevailed so whatever the negative situation is", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00048-00030173-00030587": "that you were dealing with you're going to be justified in the first week going", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00049-00030587-00031166": "in the second week so if you leas we're being stabbed in the back things are", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00050-00031166-00031631": "going to be coming out and you're going to be seen a difference coming in", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00051-00031631-00032174": "because justice prevail now the energy of the king of the of the father of", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00052-00032174-00032825": "swords is here this is an Aquarius Gemini or libram and 45 years and older", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00053-00032825-00033512": "whether this person is stab you in the back when it comes to work okay so some", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00054-00033512-00033986": "of you your ex-boss is an aquarium Gemini or libera stab you in the back", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00055-00033986-00034441": "when it comes to work but justice is coming against in and this is going to", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00056-00034441-00035195": "be good the energy of the nine of ones is here you're the six of one's five and", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00057-00035195-00036005": "one six two four six the six of one so good news is coming up in the the third", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00058-00036005-00036466": "week going in the fourth week so this is good if you have a legal suit and a", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00059-00036466-00037043": "legal situation with someone who is an Aquarius Gemini or Libra who has stabbed", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00060-00037043-00037685": "you in the back this could be a boss this could be your husband", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00061-00037685-00038225": "whoever this person Aquarius Gemini or Libra this verse is four to five years", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00062-00038225-00038540": "and older that has stabbed you in the back", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00063-00038540-00039130": "you are going to be receiving some good news so whatever is transpiring is that", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00064-00039130-00039785": "some good news about work is coming and this news is going to going to make you", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00065-00039785-00040346": "make some choices in your life and this is going to be positive so justice is", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00066-00040346-00040949": "here against an Aquarius Gemini or Libra so if some of you had a situation we", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00067-00040949-00041416": "don't Aquarius Gemini or libera just this is going to come against him", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00068-00041416-00042008": "because of what he has done okay let's move forward and see what else is", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00069-00042008-00042455": "happening there is some heartbreaks about you've been stabbed in the back", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00070-00042455-00042882": "there is some heartbreaks about you being stopped in the back there is", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00071-00042882-00043317": "some heartbreaks whatever the situation is that is going to be coming up in the", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00072-00043317-00043755": "second week the second week is the week of hair first and second week is a week", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00073-00043755-00044151": "of hair but in the second week you're going to be realized that someone", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00074-00044151-00044622": "snapped you in the back and that is okay because this person is going to get", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00075-00044622-00045291": "their share right energy of the world comes out so whatever this heartbreak is", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00076-00045291-00045639": "it is over whatever the artwork is or was it is", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00077-00045639-00046338": "over because what Esther inspiring is that the staff in the back and the Loess", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00078-00046338-00046785": "it is coming to an end and a new beginning it's about to come and you're", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00079-00046785-00047268": "going to be receiving some wonderful messages for this let's see what it's", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00080-00047268-00047708": "happening for you nails the outcome what is happening for the LEAs the outcome", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00081-00047708-00048345": "the Empress so what is transpiring is that this outcomes of this month you", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00082-00048345-00048867": "have the energy of the world and it comes also in your reading and this is", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00083-00048867-00049350": "going to happen in the third week for you Lea's and the outcomes is that if it", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00084-00049350-00049710": "was a lawsuit your Ridge would be winning and money is going to be coming", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00085-00049710-00050241": "unto you so does this wonderful this is positive and this is also good okay so", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00086-00050241-00050967": "it is a wonderful month for a wonderful February for you Leo's um the three of", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00087-00050967-00051483": "ones is is here so you Leo's are going to decide to leave the situation and", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00088-00051483-00052038": "move forward because what s transpire is that some real deceptive situation had", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00089-00052038-00052701": "taken place some a real deceptive situation had taken place and you're", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00090-00052701-00053279": "going to be realizing this and by realizing what is to inspire and what", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00091-00053279-00053736": "has taken place because there was some lies and deception in this lies and", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00092-00053736-00054801": "deception came from from a legal suit or a conflict that has transpired with", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00093-00054801-00055449": "someone else now if you have no legal issues or no issues of with someone who", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00094-00055449-00055914": "is an Aquarian Gemini or net what is going to be transpiring here is", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00095-00055914-00056559": "that you are going to be realizing that you yourself is taking on the images of", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00096-00056559-00057144": "an Aquarian Gemini or Libra and as you do this you're cutting away all of what", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00097-00057144-00057677": "no longer serves you and you're standing up and you're moving forward now the", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00098-00057677-00058408": "outcomes of this week is the energy of the the goddesses the Empress that is", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00099-00058408-00059129": "the the the compassion it's going to be a munch of compassion but it's going to", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00100-00059129-00060108": "be a bunch of creative nurturer and and the mother so it is you know empathy but", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00101-00060108-00060879": "also you're going to be compassionate being and getting compassionate okay", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00102-00060879-00061616": "the strength of loving and your materialistic well-being is going to be", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00103-00061616-00062105": "good so it's going to be um you know really really wonderful", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00104-00062105-00062811": "whatever here is transpiring so some of you are basically going to be taken on", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00105-00062811-00063651": "the air the energies offer the magician okay the energies of the ace of swords", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00106-00063651-00064716": "cuz so whatever is transpiring over last traveling and you know the six of the", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00107-00064716-00065183": "six of swords some it's the energy of the six of swords and the energy of the", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00108-00065183-00065778": "six of swords gives you letting me know that you are going to be moving forward", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00109-00065778-00066237": "because this is the energy of the six of swords it's showing you that a situation", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00110-00066237-00066636": "has ended and you're out of this situation here you're going to be moving", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00111-00066636-00067062": "forward so it's all about new beginnings that is coming up for you guys it's", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00112-00067062-00067575": "really a positive a new beginning that is coming up for you guys and this is", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00113-00067575-00068190": "going to be good for you guys because you Lia's has gone through so much you", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00114-00068190-00068769": "Leo's has really really gone through so much and this transition that is coming", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00115-00068769-00069220": "in is a transition that is coming in a very very positive way me", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00116-00069220-00069727": "this transition is going to be wonderful because this transition is coming in and", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00117-00069727-00070291": "it's coming in in a very very positive way okay so whoever in whatever that was", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00118-00070291-00070873": "transpiring in your life this is going to be good so do not worry about this", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00119-00070873-00071491": "time if your divorce in someone with an Aquarius Gemini or liberal it is going", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00120-00071491-00071965": "to be good this divorce is going to be final and settled and you're going to be", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00121-00071965-00072358": "turning your back and moving away the heartbreak you're going to be leaving in", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00122-00072358-00072910": "the second week and in the third week you're going to be ending and things and", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00123-00072910-00073327": "moving forward you guys have focus focus focus it's a", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00124-00073327-00073810": "month where Ullaeus needs to focus you have the number 33 energies which is", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00125-00073810-00074428": "very powerful the number three energies is here so number 33 is going to be your", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00126-00074428-00074791": "energy vibration for you Leo's it's going to be wonderful it's going to be", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00127-00074791-00075448": "very positive there is a time of you Leo's are going to be focusing on what", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00128-00075448-00075865": "it is that you need and this is very very positive because you're basically", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00129-00075865-00076363": "going to be focusing on what is it that you need and what it is that is", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00130-00076363-00076906": "important to you to take on in your life and this is going to be good so whatever", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00131-00076906-00077287": "the situation is and whatever that has happened and whatever that Esther", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00132-00077287-00077836": "inspires you are going to be realizing that you're so focusing in this month", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00133-00077836-00078199": "you're going to start focusing now because whatever the deception is and", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00134-00078199-00079101": "reception was this is going to be coming out and have fate have fate half fate", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00135-00079101-00079774": "with this what whatever is going on have fate have fate it's all about this month", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00136-00079774-00080260": "is all about having fate and understanding where you are on your", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00137-00080260-00080586": "journeys okay", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00138-00081427-00081633": "you", "cb0FuSOjbJu-00139-00082388-00082594": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "cboi25JA-J0", "text": {"cboi25JA-J0-00000-00000000-00000606": "[Music] it's not what happens to you but how you react to it that matters", "cboi25JA-J0-00001-00000803-00001146": "I'm not afraid of storms for I'm learning how to sail my ship", "cboi25JA-J0-00002-00001368-00001854": "The gem cannot be polished without friction nor man perfected without", "cboi25JA-J0-00003-00001854-00002026": "trials [End Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "cbp0OtroPw0", "text": {"cbp0OtroPw0-00000-00000012-00000509": "God and Reason: An Invitation to Philosophical Theology, by Ed.", "cbp0OtroPw0-00001-00000509-00001109": "L . Miller is a book where the respected Author on Philosophy and Theology puts his perspectives", "cbp0OtroPw0-00002-00001109-00001441": "on classical and contemporary philosophies.", "cbp0OtroPw0-00003-00001441-00001950": "This book summarizes philosophical theology in a very unique language.", "cbp0OtroPw0-00004-00001950-00002385": "The Author seems to describe his thoughts that are very entertaining and convincing", "cbp0OtroPw0-00005-00002385-00002585": "to us-the “general reader”.", "cbp0OtroPw0-00006-00002585-00003085": "The Book gives reasons recommendation of various sages through ages of why we must believe", "cbp0OtroPw0-00007-00003085-00003476": "in monotheistic theology and the philosophy behind it.", "cbp0OtroPw0-00008-00003476-00003964": "A believer would read the Book with very cordial notion and at the same time a non-believer", "cbp0OtroPw0-00009-00003964-00004487": "would find it interesting, since it explains of why we must believe in HIM, since HE is", "cbp0OtroPw0-00010-00004487-00004624": "not there!", "cbp0OtroPw0-00011-00004624-00004819": "Thanks for listening.", "cbp0OtroPw0-00012-00004819-00005144": "References from Amazon, Wikipedia and Google."}}, {"audio_id": "cbwkpCmonNg", "text": {"cbwkpCmonNg-00000-00000000-00000050": "Two,", "cbwkpCmonNg-00001-00000050-00000108": "One, Begin!", "cbwkpCmonNg-00002-00000319-00000519": "Jon: *Evil Laughter*", "cbwkpCmonNg-00003-00001714-00001915": "If God have wanted you to live,", "cbwkpCmonNg-00004-00001915-00002123": "he would not have created me!", "cbwkpCmonNg-00005-00004923-00005414": "I am going to enjoy killing each and every one of you sorry sacks of scum!", "cbwkpCmonNg-00006-00006707-00006902": "U,S,A!", "cbwkpCmonNg-00007-00010013-00010115": "U,S,A!", "cbwkpCmonNg-00008-00010115-00011116": "(Jon just keep talking 'U,S,A!')", "cbwkpCmonNg-00009-00011315-00011511": "Take your lumps like a man,", "cbwkpCmonNg-00010-00011511-00011651": "Private Twinkletoes.", "cbwkpCmonNg-00011-00012017-00012182": "MAGGOTS!"}}, {"audio_id": "cbeRd7fX038", "text": {"cbeRd7fX038-00000-00001400-00002984": "foreign", "cbeRd7fX038-00001-00007608-00008584": "so", "cbeRd7fX038-00002-00015624-00016984": "it's", "cbeRd7fX038-00003-00017392-00018384": "so", "cbeRd7fX038-00004-00022312-00022320": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "cbE5zDBDVPE", "text": {"cbE5zDBDVPE-00000-00000181-00000343": "(quiet, energetic rock music)", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00001-00000343-00000429": "- [Narrator] This is the second video", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00002-00000429-00000719": "in squash trap crop series, focusing on squash bug", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00003-00000719-00000947": "and squash vine borer management.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00004-00000947-00001142": "Please watch video part one to learn", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00005-00001142-00001451": "about trap crop for cucumber beetle management.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00006-00001451-00001617": "Information in this video is relevant", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00007-00001617-00001923": "for organic and conventional crop production systems.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00008-00002293-00002568": "Alabama Vegetable IPM program has been evaluating", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00009-00002568-00002790": "trap cropping techniques for a variety", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00010-00002790-00003051": "of summer and winter vegetable crops.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00011-00003051-00003336": "Trap cropping uses the principles of host preference,", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00012-00003336-00003571": "and deters pest feeding from the main crop.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00013-00003657-00003872": "With adequate planning and careful management,", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00014-00003872-00004229": "trap crops can significantly reduce damage on the main crop", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00015-00004229-00004469": "with reduced dependence on insecticides.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00016-00004898-00005260": "Squash crop in Alabama is at high-risk from insect pests", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00017-00005260-00005748": "like cucumber beetles, squash bugs, and squash vine borers.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00018-00005748-00006017": "In Hubbard trap crop studies at several locations,", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00019-00006017-00006334": "Baby Blue and New England Hubbard squash were evaluated", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00020-00006334-00006706": "with great success against all three insect pests mentioned.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00021-00006706-00006881": "In our studies, trap crops were planted", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00022-00006881-00007118": "in the two outside rows, about two weeks", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00023-00007118-00007334": "before the main crop to allow early growth", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00024-00007334-00007537": "of the Hubbard squash.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00025-00007537-00007748": "A good stand of trap crop can arrest", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00026-00007748-00007952": "the migration of insect pest.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00027-00008364-00008642": "There is a strong evidence that New England Hubbard is", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00028-00008642-00008861": "very attractive to squash bugs,", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00029-00008861-00009053": "especially based on the number of eggs present", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00030-00009053-00009335": "on leaves, stems, and flowers.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00031-00009335-00009598": "The video shows a female laying eggs on the Hubbard,", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00032-00009598-00009879": "by taping abdomen on the leaf's surface", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00033-00009879-00010123": "and depositing shiny brown eggs.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00034-00010123-00010352": "The eggs darken when clustered to maturity,", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00035-00010352-00010494": "and the nymphs continue to hide", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00036-00010494-00010702": "in the vast canopy of the Hubbard squash.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00037-00011105-00011314": "Our research suggests that squash bugs land", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00038-00011314-00011551": "and explore the main crop of yellow squash,", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00039-00011551-00011730": "but they tend to leave, being attracted", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00040-00011730-00012000": "by the Hubbard squash planted in the perimeter.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00041-00012000-00012200": "Squash bugs feed, mate, and lay", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00042-00012200-00012487": "a very high number of eggs in the trap crop,", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00043-00012487-00012957": "which significantly reduces the risk to yellow squash.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00044-00012957-00013235": "The next slide shows the egg counts on trap crops", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00045-00013235-00013400": "that we have seen in our studies.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00046-00013578-00013876": "Both the Baby Blue and New England Hubbard varieties had", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00047-00013876-00014076": "10-13 times more egg laying,", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00048-00014076-00014328": "compared to yellow squash, or main crop.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00049-00014452-00014705": "Hubbard squash varieties had numerous nymphs hiding", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00050-00014705-00014891": "under the large leaves with adults feeding", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00051-00014891-00015084": "close to the plant base.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00052-00015084-00015227": "There were also a high number", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00053-00015227-00015476": "of cucumber beetles during mid-season.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00054-00015476-00015675": "Since squash bug and cucumber beetles tend", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00055-00015675-00015954": "to stay in the trap crop, one timely application", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00056-00015954-00016193": "of selective conventional insecticides", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00057-00016193-00016358": "in the evening hours can provide", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00058-00016360-00016554": "80 to 90 percent insect control.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00059-00016829-00017138": "In 2015, we were able to access the attractiveness", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00060-00017138-00017443": "of Hubbard squash varieties to squash vine borers", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00061-00017443-00017633": "in replicated plots.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00062-00017633-00017995": "The average infestation level is shown in the slide.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00063-00017995-00018234": "About 44% Hubbard vines were infested", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00064-00018234-00018438": "with squash vine borer larvae,", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00065-00018438-00018727": "indicated by the yellow arrow in the picture.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00066-00018727-00019131": "Only 2% yellow squash vines were infested with vine borers,", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00067-00019131-00019407": "which resulted in plenty of high-quality produce", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00068-00019407-00019652": "without the use of insecticides on the main crop.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00069-00020011-00020258": "In a 2015 study at Coleman, Alabama,", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00070-00020258-00020499": "about half-acre of yellow squash was produced", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00071-00020499-00020635": "without the use of conventional", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00072-00020635-00020946": "or organic insecticides on the main crop.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00073-00020946-00021128": "The main crop needed fungicide applications", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00074-00021128-00021410": "due to hot and humid weather conditions.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00075-00021410-00021636": "Various popular seed companies sell Baby Blue", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00076-00021636-00021827": "and New England Hubbard seeds.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00077-00021827-00022038": "We bought untreated Hubbard from Johnny Seeds", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00078-00022038-00022199": "and High Mowing Organic.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00079-00022529-00022755": "Trap cropping is not the silver bullet solution", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00080-00022755-00023044": "to all pest problems, so producers have", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00081-00023044-00023386": "to be creative in adapting this tactic on their farm.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00082-00023386-00023629": "This IPM tactic can even be scaled up", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00083-00023629-00023942": "for protecting large acres of yellow squash", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00084-00023942-00024147": "by inter-planting rows of trap crop", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00085-00024147-00024310": "instead of a perimeter design.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00086-00024425-00024594": "Please consult Extension,", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00087-00024594-00024957": "develop a site-specific IPM plan for your farm.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00088-00024957-00025180": "Remember that Hubbard trap crop should be planted", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00089-00025180-00025411": "ahead of the main crop, and given proper care", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00090-00025411-00025626": "for maximum effectiveness.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00091-00025626-00025908": "Don't forget to scout weekly for target insect pest,", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00092-00025908-00026177": "and undertake pest control efforts in a timely manner.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00093-00026519-00026658": "Producers and gardeners are encouraged", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00094-00026658-00026993": "to subscribe to the Alabama IPM communicator newsletter", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00095-00026993-00027592": "via the website, www.ACES.edu/ipmcommunicator", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00096-00027636-00027900": "To stay informed about recent IPM advances", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00097-00027900-00028148": "and find educational events,", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00098-00028148-00028464": "subscribe to the Alabama Vegetable IPM page on the Facebook", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00099-00028464-00028866": "for access to photo collection, and receive pest alerts.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00100-00028866-00029035": "The Alabama Vegetable IPM website is", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00101-00029035-00029491": "another critical source available to you 24/7.", "cbE5zDBDVPE-00102-00029578-00029920": "(rock music intensifies)"}}, {"audio_id": "cc11aDtxGl8", "text": {"cc11aDtxGl8-00000-00000111-00000237": "Hi, I'm Laurie.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00001-00000321-00000642": "I live in Virginia, and I'm a lifelong Republican.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00002-00000738-00001306": "This year, I joined forces with the millions of my fellow Republicans in", "cc11aDtxGl8-00003-00001308-00001973": "doing something we thought we would never do vote for the Democrat, Joe Biden.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00004-00002016-00002733": "We did that because we see what a threat Donald Trump poses to our democracy", "cc11aDtxGl8-00005-00002739-00002964": "and also to our national security.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00006-00003030-00003726": "In fact, nearly a thousand former national defense officials endorsed", "cc11aDtxGl8-00007-00003753-00004221": "somebody other than the sitting president for the first time in history.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00008-00004296-00004800": "They know he's a threat to our national security.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00009-00004947-00005412": "I'm also a veteran, as are many of my family members.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00010-00005562-00005904": "One of them is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00011-00005973-00006531": "Today, on Veterans Day, I watched the wreath-laying ceremony, and", "cc11aDtxGl8-00012-00006531-00007119": "it's never hit me as bad as it did today because the man who laid the", "cc11aDtxGl8-00013-00007119-00007776": "wreath there has called people who are buried there losers and suckers.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00014-00007815-00007941": "We're not losers.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00015-00007977-00008106": "We're not suckers.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00016-00008142-00008394": "We're the Patriots, he's the loser.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00017-00008430-00008535": "And he's lost.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00018-00008556-00008727": "He lost the election.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00019-00008907-00009393": "Transition is a difficult time in any election, but now it's even", "cc11aDtxGl8-00020-00009393-00009803": "more so because of the instability that we have in a pandemic and a", "cc11aDtxGl8-00021-00009803-00010038": "president who refuses to concede.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00022-00010155-00010778": "We the people are angry, and we will not stand back nor will we stand by.", "cc11aDtxGl8-00023-00010851-00011385": "I encourage you to contact your elected representatives and ask them", "cc11aDtxGl8-00024-00011412-00012087": "to please insist that Donald Trump concede this election and allow the", "cc11aDtxGl8-00025-00012087-00012372": "peaceful transition of power to happen."}}, {"audio_id": "ccfw77nG06Y", "text": {"ccfw77nG06Y-00000-00000166-00000263": ">> Dennis: HI, EVERYONE.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00001-00000263-00000270": ">> Dennis: HI, EVERYONE.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00002-00000270-00000470": ">> Dennis: HI, EVERYONE. THANKS FOR JOINING US.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00003-00000470-00000477": ">> Dennis: HI, EVERYONE. THANKS FOR JOINING US.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00004-00000477-00000587": ">> Dennis: HI, EVERYONE. THANKS FOR JOINING US. CUYUNA REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER", "ccfw77nG06Y-00005-00000587-00000593": "THANKS FOR JOINING US. CUYUNA REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER", "ccfw77nG06Y-00006-00000593-00000910": "THANKS FOR JOINING US. CUYUNA REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER  IN CROSBY IS PLANNING A BIG $13", "ccfw77nG06Y-00007-00000910-00000917": "CUYUNA REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER  IN CROSBY IS PLANNING A BIG $13", "ccfw77nG06Y-00008-00000917-00001051": "CUYUNA REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER  IN CROSBY IS PLANNING A BIG $13  MILLION REMODELLING PROJECT.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00009-00001051-00001057": "IN CROSBY IS PLANNING A BIG $13  MILLION REMODELLING PROJECT.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00010-00001057-00001281": "IN CROSBY IS PLANNING A BIG $13  MILLION REMODELLING PROJECT. THE 32,000-SQUARE FOOT PROJECT", "ccfw77nG06Y-00011-00001281-00001287": "MILLION REMODELLING PROJECT. THE 32,000-SQUARE FOOT PROJECT", "ccfw77nG06Y-00012-00001287-00001468": "MILLION REMODELLING PROJECT. THE 32,000-SQUARE FOOT PROJECT  IS PRIMARILY FOCUSING ON", "ccfw77nG06Y-00013-00001468-00001474": "THE 32,000-SQUARE FOOT PROJECT  IS PRIMARILY FOCUSING ON", "ccfw77nG06Y-00014-00001474-00001795": "THE 32,000-SQUARE FOOT PROJECT  IS PRIMARILY FOCUSING ON  EXPANDING AND MOVING CUYUNA'S", "ccfw77nG06Y-00015-00001795-00001801": "IS PRIMARILY FOCUSING ON  EXPANDING AND MOVING CUYUNA'S", "ccfw77nG06Y-00016-00001801-00001975": "IS PRIMARILY FOCUSING ON  EXPANDING AND MOVING CUYUNA'S  ORTHOPEDIC CLINIC.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00017-00001975-00001981": "EXPANDING AND MOVING CUYUNA'S  ORTHOPEDIC CLINIC.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00018-00001981-00002178": "EXPANDING AND MOVING CUYUNA'S  ORTHOPEDIC CLINIC. THE PROJECT WILL USE SPACE FOR", "ccfw77nG06Y-00019-00002178-00002185": "ORTHOPEDIC CLINIC. THE PROJECT WILL USE SPACE FOR", "ccfw77nG06Y-00020-00002185-00002292": "ORTHOPEDIC CLINIC. THE PROJECT WILL USE SPACE FOR  THE CARE CENTER.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00021-00002292-00002298": "THE PROJECT WILL USE SPACE FOR  THE CARE CENTER.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00022-00002298-00002475": "THE PROJECT WILL USE SPACE FOR  THE CARE CENTER. THEY WILL BE CONSTRUCTING AN", "ccfw77nG06Y-00023-00002475-00002482": "THE CARE CENTER. THEY WILL BE CONSTRUCTING AN", "ccfw77nG06Y-00024-00002482-00002682": "THE CARE CENTER. THEY WILL BE CONSTRUCTING AN  EXTENSION TO THE HOSPITAL.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00025-00002682-00002689": "THEY WILL BE CONSTRUCTING AN  EXTENSION TO THE HOSPITAL.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00026-00002689-00002816": "THEY WILL BE CONSTRUCTING AN  EXTENSION TO THE HOSPITAL. ONCE COMPLETE, THERE WILL BE", "ccfw77nG06Y-00027-00002816-00002822": "EXTENSION TO THE HOSPITAL. ONCE COMPLETE, THERE WILL BE", "ccfw77nG06Y-00028-00002822-00003106": "EXTENSION TO THE HOSPITAL. ONCE COMPLETE, THERE WILL BE  SEVERAL NEW EXAM ROOMS FOR THEIR", "ccfw77nG06Y-00029-00003106-00003113": "ONCE COMPLETE, THERE WILL BE  SEVERAL NEW EXAM ROOMS FOR THEIR", "ccfw77nG06Y-00030-00003113-00003279": "ONCE COMPLETE, THERE WILL BE  SEVERAL NEW EXAM ROOMS FOR THEIR ORTHOPEDIC AND PAIN CLINICS,", "ccfw77nG06Y-00031-00003279-00003286": "SEVERAL NEW EXAM ROOMS FOR THEIR ORTHOPEDIC AND PAIN CLINICS,", "ccfw77nG06Y-00032-00003286-00003603": "SEVERAL NEW EXAM ROOMS FOR THEIR ORTHOPEDIC AND PAIN CLINICS,  ALONG WITH AN ENTIRELY NEW", "ccfw77nG06Y-00033-00003603-00003610": "ORTHOPEDIC AND PAIN CLINICS,  ALONG WITH AN ENTIRELY NEW", "ccfw77nG06Y-00034-00003610-00003900": "ORTHOPEDIC AND PAIN CLINICS,  ALONG WITH AN ENTIRELY NEW  CLINIC SPECIALIZING IN SPINE", "ccfw77nG06Y-00035-00003900-00003907": "ALONG WITH AN ENTIRELY NEW  CLINIC SPECIALIZING IN SPINE", "ccfw77nG06Y-00036-00003907-00003930": "ALONG WITH AN ENTIRELY NEW  CLINIC SPECIALIZING IN SPINE  CARE.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00037-00003930-00003937": "CLINIC SPECIALIZING IN SPINE  CARE.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00038-00003937-00004104": "CLINIC SPECIALIZING IN SPINE  CARE. >> WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE TRENDS", "ccfw77nG06Y-00039-00004104-00004110": "CARE. >> WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE TRENDS", "ccfw77nG06Y-00040-00004110-00004414": "CARE. >> WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE TRENDS  AROUND ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY, IT IS", "ccfw77nG06Y-00041-00004414-00004421": ">> WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE TRENDS  AROUND ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY, IT IS", "ccfw77nG06Y-00042-00004421-00004654": ">> WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE TRENDS  AROUND ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY, IT IS EXPECTED TO GROW TO 400%.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00043-00004654-00004661": "AROUND ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY, IT IS EXPECTED TO GROW TO 400%.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00044-00004661-00004894": "AROUND ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY, IT IS EXPECTED TO GROW TO 400%. MOST OF THAT IS DUE TO THE BABY", "ccfw77nG06Y-00045-00004894-00004901": "EXPECTED TO GROW TO 400%. MOST OF THAT IS DUE TO THE BABY", "ccfw77nG06Y-00046-00004901-00005081": "EXPECTED TO GROW TO 400%. MOST OF THAT IS DUE TO THE BABY  BOOM POPULATION HITTING THE AGE", "ccfw77nG06Y-00047-00005081-00005088": "MOST OF THAT IS DUE TO THE BABY  BOOM POPULATION HITTING THE AGE", "ccfw77nG06Y-00048-00005088-00005422": "MOST OF THAT IS DUE TO THE BABY  BOOM POPULATION HITTING THE AGE  WHERE THEY NEED A LOT OF", "ccfw77nG06Y-00049-00005422-00005428": "BOOM POPULATION HITTING THE AGE  WHERE THEY NEED A LOT OF", "ccfw77nG06Y-00050-00005428-00005498": "BOOM POPULATION HITTING THE AGE  WHERE THEY NEED A LOT OF  ORTHOPEDIC SERVICES AND KNOWING", "ccfw77nG06Y-00051-00005498-00005505": "WHERE THEY NEED A LOT OF  ORTHOPEDIC SERVICES AND KNOWING", "ccfw77nG06Y-00052-00005505-00005655": "WHERE THEY NEED A LOT OF  ORTHOPEDIC SERVICES AND KNOWING  WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO BE", "ccfw77nG06Y-00053-00005655-00005662": "ORTHOPEDIC SERVICES AND KNOWING  WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO BE", "ccfw77nG06Y-00054-00005662-00005915": "ORTHOPEDIC SERVICES AND KNOWING  WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO BE  PREPARED FOR THAT.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00055-00005915-00005922": "WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO BE  PREPARED FOR THAT.", "ccfw77nG06Y-00056-00005922-00006219": "WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO BE  PREPARED FOR THAT. >> Dennis: CUYUNA REGIONAL", "ccfw77nG06Y-00057-00006219-00006226": "PREPARED FOR THAT. >> Dennis: CUYUNA REGIONAL", "ccfw77nG06Y-00058-00006226-00006276": "PREPARED FOR THAT. >> Dennis: CUYUNA REGIONAL  MEDICAL CENTER WILL BE HIRING"}}, {"audio_id": "ccqCDYPGSSY", "text": {"ccqCDYPGSSY-00000-00001083-00001695": "- I think that the major impact, the major reason why you see these differences in terms", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00001-00001695-00002346": "of recycling rates in these areas which have waste-to-energy compared to those that don't", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00002-00002346-00002866": "is basically the state and local policy environment.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00003-00002866-00003604": "To just make the decision to move to waste-to-energy facility there has to be a lot of studies", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00004-00003604-00003926": "of feasibility, including understanding the waste stream, thinking through what are the", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00005-00003926-00004189": "different streams of waste that I have?", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00006-00004189-00004497": "How can I best maximize those streams?", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00007-00004497-00005193": "The kind of planning that goes into this type of a facility really engages the whole gamut", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00008-00005193-00005575": "of the waste stream, the waste management stream.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00009-00005575-00006522": "So, those localities, districts, solid waste districts that have sited or are looking at", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00010-00006522-00007179": "moving to waste-to-energy as one part of their waste disposal strategy are also engaged in", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00011-00007179-00007398": "- sort of - an integrated waste policy initiative.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00012-00007398-00008178": "There are various areas in United States we can cite, Florida being one.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00013-00008178-00008784": "Some of the facilities in Florida have the most advanced recycling programs, as well", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00014-00008784-00009760": "as energy recovery at landfill, as well as landfill solar, using landfill cover sheets.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00015-00009760-00010545": "They have solar panels on them to actually generate power additionally from their landfill.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00016-00010545-00010965": "Not only siting waste-to-energy facilities, but in one case in Palm Beach County, they", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00017-00010965-00011751": "actually are building a second waste-to-energy facility in the midst of a (...) wide range", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00018-00011751-00012460": "of initiatives (...) every waste (...) Another good example, and a very interesting", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00019-00012460-00012560": "one to me, is Minnesota.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00020-00012560-00012819": "I think one of our guests comes from Minnesota!", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00021-00012819-00012992": "Minnesota is an interesting state.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00022-00012992-00013103": "It is in the mid-west.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00023-00013103-00013776": "It has access to low cost landfill, but in the state itself, - especially within certain", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00024-00013776-00014378": "areas - the landfills themselves are very problematic, given the geological formations", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00025-00014378-00014568": "of the rock.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00026-00014568-00015085": "So, there has been a real effort in certain areas to nearly move to a landfill ban, or", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00027-00015085-00015413": "to lower the amount of landfilling to about 10% of the waste.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00028-00015413-00015919": "In those areas, waste-to-energy plus recycling has become the major strategy.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00029-00015919-00016556": "And again, these - some of these plants - are not the large plants that we might associate", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00030-00016556-00017053": "with waste-to-energy on the East Coast or maybe even in Florida, but these are mid-size", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00031-00017053-00017804": "to smaller plants that are actually being built in conjunction with a very very strong", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00032-00017804-00018093": "state-wide recycling policy.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00033-00018093-00019033": "So, in some places, most of the local and state-wise policies really help to - in those", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00034-00019033-00019673": "areas where you see high recycling rates, and often in conjunction with waste-to-energy.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00035-00019673-00019889": "- I think that is very true.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00036-00019889-00020736": "Although there is a growing concern amongst local politicians about the cost of waste-to-energy", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00037-00020736-00021129": "and its environmental effects.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00038-00021129-00021888": "So, there are lot of counter arguments being brought forward about whether or not it should", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00039-00021888-00021995": "continue.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00040-00021995-00022283": "Most of those are based on old data again.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00041-00022283-00023005": "But, the issue that is most commonly brought up is the economic one of the increased cost", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00042-00023005-00023991": "and how much cheaper it is - in a market sense - to take waste to a landfill in a neighboring", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00043-00023991-00024091": "state.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00044-00024091-00024237": "- Is that true?", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00045-00024237-00024639": "The increased cost argument bear out if you extend it to the life cycle", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00046-00024639-00024824": "of the waste-to-energy plant?", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00047-00024824-00024924": "Or is it...", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00048-00024924-00025644": "- No, it doesn't and its really predicated on the idea of externalizing all of the costs", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00049-00025644-00026213": "of the decomposition of that waste, by just dumping it in the ground and really not taking", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00050-00026213-00026845": "that much further responsibility for it, other than eventually covering it up and harvesting", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00051-00026845-00026945": "some of the methane.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00052-00026945-00027400": "But, a great deal of the methane and a great deal of the green house gases that are produced", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00053-00027400-00027964": "by the landfills, as you know, happen in the first decade when the landfill is open.", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00054-00027964-00028489": "So, I think it is based on some false economics that we really need to address in our policy", "ccqCDYPGSSY-00055-00028489-00028525": "system."}}, {"audio_id": "ccvP3iuYx7Y", "text": {"ccvP3iuYx7Y-00000-00000000-00002650": "zhè ♦ ㄓㄜˋ ♦ this / these / (commonly pronounced ❲zhèi❳ before a classifier, especially in Beijing)"}}, {"audio_id": "cc_NHKKntBY", "text": {"cc_NHKKntBY-00000-00000000-00000624": "stop shooting boring videos like these instead of shooting your videos like that let me show", "cc_NHKKntBY-00001-00000624-00001062": "you a way to make your videos look more cinematic try capturing multiple angles", "cc_NHKKntBY-00002-00001062-00001655": "and then putting them together in pools to make a cinematic sequence you can go ahead and record", "cc_NHKKntBY-00003-00001655-00002184": "in 60 frames per second then slow them down when you're editing add some color grading,", "cc_NHKKntBY-00004-00002184-00002658": "a background music, and voila you have a beautiful cinematic shot"}}, {"audio_id": "ccQJpFCAooY", "text": {"ccQJpFCAooY-00000-00000124-00000670": "El mejor Festival de Metal de México y latino américa", "ccQJpFCAooY-00001-00000670-00000869": "distribution of this error", "ccQJpFCAooY-00002-00000869-00001386": "it was bob dole", "ccQJpFCAooY-00003-00001386-00001698": "gal decapitations development", "ccQJpFCAooY-00004-00001698-00001986": "declines hospital", "ccQJpFCAooY-00005-00001986-00002450": "for brenda", "ccQJpFCAooY-00006-00002450-00002699": "sixty alter solutions to solve", "ccQJpFCAooY-00007-00002699-00003399": "suicidal tendencies"}}, {"audio_id": "cdwVz2VYJJE", "text": {"cdwVz2VYJJE-00000-00000000-00000200": "*USA 8:00am Nigeria1:00pm   Click, Subscribe, listen and share   A soft reminder of Our online prayer meeting come up Every Saturday  feel free to JOIN US TODAY  AT Deeper Life  Bible Church Charlottesville For Our Online Prayer Meeting titled Hour of Victory*   https://us02web.zoom.us/j/. 8976080747 ID Number is 8976080747   FreeconfrencecallHD. Com Dial in  712 775 7035 Code 344823#   Facebook Login: Matthew Akanmu   Habakkuk 2:2 God please we need: 1) Permanent place of worship 2) Churh Van."}}, {"audio_id": "cdNbi2-HRwU", "text": {"cdNbi2-HRwU-00000-00000664-00001610": "AWESOME: Trump Just Hit Obama HARD by Inviting 1 Man to Attend His Inauguration.", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00001-00001610-00002103": "We�ve heard all about the stars who are allegedly planning to boycott Donald Trump�s", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00002-00002103-00002699": "inauguration. However, if Trump has his way, the biggest name at his inauguration festivities", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00003-00002699-00002957": "won�t be an entertainer at all.", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00004-00002957-00003422": "According to a report from the New York Post, Trump�s people have been �aggressively", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00005-00003422-00004085": "courting� Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to appear at the Jan. 20 festivities.", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00006-00004085-00004587": "If not, Trump�s people � led by son-in-law Jared Kushner � would like a meeting with", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00007-00004587-00004942": "the Israeli leader before the president-elect takes office.", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00008-00004942-00005441": "�There�s a plan for Trump to meet with Netanyahu,� a source within Trump�s team", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00009-00005441-00005982": "said. �They�re talking all the time. And Netanyahu is talking about possibly going", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00010-00005982-00006180": "to the inauguration.�", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00011-00006180-00006706": "Unlike the president, Donald Trump has been vocal about his support for the Jewish state.", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00012-00006706-00007259": "According to Times of Israel, Trump lambasted the United Nations resolution against Israeli", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00013-00007259-00007805": "settlements, telling reporters Thursday that �horrible places, that treat people horribly,", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00014-00007805-00008128": "haven�t even been reprimanded� by the U.N.", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00015-00008128-00008741": "�Look, we have to protect Israel. Israel to me is very, very important. We have to", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00016-00008741-00009353": "protect Israel, and I disagree with what (President Obama)�s done with Israel,� Trump said", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00017-00009353-00009936": "Sunday. �I listened to Secretary Kerry�s speech, I think it�s very unfair to Israel,", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00018-00009936-00010036": "what happened.�", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00019-00010036-00010572": "Kerry�s speech, in which he harshly criticized the Israelis and claimed that they were abandoning", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00020-00010572-00011217": "the two-state solution, has been roundly criticized by conservatives. So, imagine the coup if", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00021-00011217-00011731": "Trump were able to turn around and get Netanyahu to attend the inauguration of the man that", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00022-00011731-00012067": "President Obama not-so-secretly loathes.", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00023-00012067-00012579": "According to the Jerusalem Post, Prime Minister Netanyahu said that he has not received an", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00024-00012579-00013151": "invitation yet. However, there are several weeks to go, and Netanyahu has seemed more", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00025-00013151-00013616": "receptive to Trump than he�s been to the Obama administration. He tweeted thanks in", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00026-00013616-00014119": "both Hebrew and English after Trump made his statement on Kerry�s speech, and he had", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00027-00014119-00014736": "met with Trump back in September. We can only hope he�s there on Jan. 20.", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00028-00014736-00015243": "Please like and share on Facebook and Twitter if you agree this would be an awesome inauguration", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00029-00015243-00015362": "guest.", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00030-00015362-00015897": "Do you think Netanyahu would be an awesome inauguration guest? Scroll down to comment", "cdNbi2-HRwU-00031-00015897-00017276": "below!"}}, {"audio_id": "ce2K1rSF8iy", "text": {"ce2K1rSF8iy-00000-00000000-00000330": "We know it's early right, we know it's difficult to call we don't have a", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00001-00000336-00000624": "crystal ball but we just got to stay in the game.", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00002-00002700-00003068": "We are going to see Tim, the Ikigai", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00003-00003120-00003472": "have you seen Charles's shirt he's wearing today look at this", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00004-00004500-00004800": "hey guys how are you", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00005-00005180-00005720": "Hello Tim , how are you? Nice to see you. I'm Shane", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00006-00006628-00007176": "I'm you know very pro to a lot of decentralized exchanges I'll be interested to see how institutions treat", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00007-00007177-00007588": "it right because institutions want to know who your kind of party is right", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00008-00007588-00007953": "they want to make sure that there's no kind of party risk also they want to do", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00009-00007953-00008344": "AML and kyc right they want to know who's on the other side of that trade", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00010-00008344-00008811": "right it's like yeah you don't know it's gonna be difficult I mean when you look", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00011-00008811-00009240": "at dark pool liquidity and how that's changed it's all come from a centralized", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00012-00009240-00009664": "space there'll be a dark pool but something like a liquid net you're still", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00013-00009664-00010006": "dealing with a regulated entity and in order to get signed off on from", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00014-00010006-00010522": "compliance and regulatory that kind of makes them feel good but I think that", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00015-00010522-00010909": "it's not that people aren't willing to do it although there's no framework they", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00016-00010909-00011320": "are certainly engaging and they want to learn they want to know and I think when", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00017-00011320-00011790": "you look back at the start of 2017 total market capitalization combined was", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00018-00011790-00012274": "twenty billion by the end of 2017 it was eight hundred billion I caught a", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00019-00012274-00012693": "lot of people off including the major institutions and the regulator well I", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00020-00012693-00013032": "think now what we're starting to see certainly in London is we're starting to", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00021-00013032-00013554": "see you know a very big change from the ICO now rolling over into the Sto yeah a", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00022-00013554-00014088": "lot of people that are approaching us have looked at the sto model which which", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00023-00014088-00014338": "needs to have more of a regulatory framework around it or needs to", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00024-00014338-00014704": "certainly be approached like it's a security", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00025-00014704-00014904": "I'm Shane Kehoe. Nice to meet you. How are you?", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00026-00015263-00015712": "He's our CIO we lead our organization in a way to where it's not", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00027-00015713-00016138": "only institutionally compliant but it's done with the ethics that we think are", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00028-00016138-00016601": "required to Shepherd this technology the technology as you know it's so powerful", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00029-00016601-00017000": "and the opportunities that this technology can provide me to do amazing", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00030-00017000-00017546": "things for Humanity or could hinder and enslave humanity like never before so", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00031-00017546-00017963": "making sure that when we operate we operate with people of ethics that have", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00032-00017963-00018386": "that understanding of the technology and the power is important to us and your", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00033-00018386-00018767": "relationship and Travis's relationship how far do you go go back how did you", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00034-00018767-00019544": "get to know him? 6 years. In Chicago and Chicago is a fun fun city both of us before you", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00035-00019544-00019982": "were coming saki-chan at that time? I was yeah you know Iwas at hedge fund", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00036-00019982-00020588": "capital I know my Mike and then as you can probably tell we we take a yin and", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00037-00020588-00020969": "yang approach right with building Ikigai so we've got the lifelong", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00038-00020969-00021446": "technologist network systems engineer by background and a guy that's been around", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00039-00021446-00021869": "this technology since before the BTC white paper was even written yeah and", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00040-00021869-00022391": "that's combined with you know a guy that a career in traditional hedge fund asset", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00041-00022391-00022832": "management and we think when we put those two things together it's it's it's", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00042-00022832-00023357": "the right combination of skill sets and knowledge bases to go and you know make", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00043-00023357-00023714": "the best investment decisions possible for the space and that strategy going", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00044-00023714-00024095": "forward will be what like what will be your kind of mandate or your strategy is", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00045-00024095-00024512": "it more of a trading strategies of long-only where you are being all those", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00046-00024512-00024947": "Multistrats so 25% of the assets under management are dedicated into", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00047-00024947-00025340": "venture investing the crypto assets okay traditional venture equity stakes", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00048-00025340-00025683": "token's and equity run new newly listed tokens and", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00049-00025683-00026116": "the entities that are issuing the tokens and then 75% of the assets under", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00050-00026116-00026497": "management is dedicated into a long short multi-strap which is liquid hedge", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00051-00026497-00026814": "fund strategies applied to the crypto asset space well like what I've been", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00052-00026814-00027244": "doing over the last seven years abroad 10.72 we also have been", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00053-00027244-00027738": "internal ventures business which I which Tim runs that I have jokingly call our", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00054-00027738-00028324": "accidental incubator so we were just seeing some some opportunities come", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00055-00028324-00028894": "across our plate and the crypto asset space that were you know too early to", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00056-00028894-00029313": "just write a check into from the venture fund perspective but too compelling to", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00057-00029313-00029806": "just walk away from and say it's not for us so we tend to kind of lead the", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00058-00029806-00030108": "efforts on spending up of a few different things there we got Liberty", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00059-00030108-00030508": "block was one of those right yeah Byzantine is one of those we got about", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00060-00030508-00030883": "half a dozen irons in the fire there that we think there are some pretty", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00061-00030883-00031263": "compelling opportunities and how do you find the difference when you you know", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00062-00031263-00031594": "were you're looking at an you know equity long-short strategy on on", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00063-00031594-00032008": "traditional markets compared to the crypto currency markets I mean what", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00064-00032008-00032445": "differences do you see and how the unhand how do you how do you deal with", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00065-00032445-00032853": "those challenges or opportunities may be? so that so the infrastructure is", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00066-00032853-00033337": "drastically that's kind of one of the first things right it's just the types", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00067-00033337-00033781": "of things that you just take for granted working in a world-class hedge funds in", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00068-00033781-00034405": "terms of the trading infrastructure the portfolio management something as simple", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00069-00034405-00034726": "as just having a Bloomberg terminal that's got every every piece of", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00070-00034726-00035152": "data that you would ever need you've got a lot more its ecosystem of equity", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00071-00035152-00035616": "sell-side research that's providing you know pointed thoughts and observations", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00072-00035616-00036153": "about the asset class looking at and and then you know and", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00073-00036153-00036866": "another big massive difference is that valuation frameworks and you know for", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00074-00036866-00037431": "the S&P 500 we've been looking at price to earnings ratio for going on 100 years", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00075-00037431-00038000": "right right and like I tell people side it my career is focused in energy", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00076-00038000-00038456": "investing in equities invest yeah so if I'm gonna buy it buy a share of", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00077-00038456-00038834": "ExxonMobil today am I paying a lot or a little for share price on mobile well", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00078-00038834-00039125": "you can you can you can get my old line of work I got about you can follow you", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00079-00039125-00039428": "have many different tools in the tool shed help me decide whether or not I'm", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00080-00039428-00039722": "paying a lot or a little so then you you you and a lot of those are metrics", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00081-00039722-00040224": "they're based on revenues earnings cash flows assets growth you know I can take", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00082-00040224-00040653": "my oil price assumption and plug it into my Exxon Mobil model it'll spit out of", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00083-00040653-00041034": "EPS I can put a p/e ratio on there's all kinds of different ways essentially all", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00084-00041034-00041400": "of that goes out the windows you move into this new asset class and so you", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00085-00041400-00042149": "have to you have to kind of do a lot of fundamental research around around the", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00086-00042149-00042840": "the manner in which you can look at the fundamental drivers of valuation for", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00087-00042840-00043275": "these asset classes and you can look at things like network activity right and", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00088-00043275-00043536": "we know that there's a relationship between network value and network", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00089-00043536-00043922": "activity yeah you can measure that with on chain metrics you can measure that", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00090-00043922-00044378": "with various different wallet forensic you can measure that with community", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00091-00044378-00044759": "vibrancy metrics like like things that are going on in github yep you can", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00092-00044759-00045359": "measure that with sentiment analysis natural language processing because you", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00093-00045359-00045659": "know one of the really interesting things about this space relative to", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00094-00045659-00046083": "traditional hedge fund investing is that smart people talk out loud about what", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00095-00046083-00046538": "they like and what they I don't like in this asset class yeah that opens up for", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00096-00046538-00046775": "a whole bunch of interesting possibilities and that will develop", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00097-00046775-00047162": "right oh as well all those critical points right they will develop as a", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00098-00047162-00047583": "space matures right after we start to see adoption after cert do we see", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00099-00047583-00048087": "revenue or we start to see some other framework that we can attach a valuation", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00100-00048087-00048774": "to right yeah we'd like to think we're kind of at the bleeding edge of", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00101-00048774-00049599": "understanding this highly dynamic sort of framework of how do we value these", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00102-00049599-00050078": "things it's an incredibly foundational question", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00103-00050078-00050471": "that has not been answered in this ecosystem I can tell you for sure that", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00104-00050471-00050994": "our understanding of value accrual in crypto assets today is drastically", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00105-00050994-00051404": "different than it was a year ago and a year before that it was essentially", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00106-00051404-00051920": "non-existent right yeah and so you know you posit that against like the", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00107-00051920-00052346": "intelligent investor of Benjamin Graham that was written in the late thirties I", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00108-00052346-00052779": "think is still one of the most so relevant books down on equity investing", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00109-00052779-00053204": "ever so that's exciting yeah I think it's the opportunity that", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00110-00053204-00053654": "we realize right and that's what that's what excites us is that we know it's", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00111-00053654-00054080": "early right we know it's difficult to call we don't have a crystal ball but we", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00112-00054080-00054360": "just got to stay in the game and everything that we're looking for all", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00113-00054360-00054827": "those points all those data points all those projects all those companies that", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00114-00054827-00055217": "will start to use maybe even just a small set five or ten percent of their", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00115-00055217-00055607": "business onto the blockchain and how that starts to roll out I mean when", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00116-00055607-00056019": "you're got the opportunity to see it right from inception point right and I'm", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00117-00056019-00056361": "talking about as early as you were looking at the mining side of it I'm", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00118-00056361-00056676": "talking about when you look at the abduction point of institutional capital", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00119-00056676-00057083": "now I'm have been looking at the space for a year but still very much not", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00120-00057083-00057482": "involved it's gonna be interesting to see how that all rolls out and all the", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00121-00057482-00057774": "products that come around with that in the regulatory framework and the custody", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00122-00057774-00058241": "etc except Oh so as you were building out the templates for these contracts", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00123-00058241-00058624": "and how were you making sure that you were", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00124-00058624-00058945": "building what was required because it's still very early day so how are you", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00125-00058945-00059292": "getting that feedback how did you know and I'm sure it's gonna be an ongoing", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00126-00059292-00059686": "process but how did you kind of know but it was it kind of a gut feel or is it be", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00127-00059686-00060010": "kind of like you we realized it wasn't about writing checks everyone's got", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00128-00060010-00060421": "money it's about actually bringing something else to the table and we", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00129-00060421-00060804": "realized that community was power so from that inception Charles joined us", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00130-00060804-00061155": "Oliver joined us we now have a team of nine we got Mark Delasalle who's an", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00131-00061155-00061549": "older guy from Accenture who's come on with a wealth of knowledge I'm from a", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00132-00061549-00061882": "CRM business we've hired several other blockchain analysts we've got loads of", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00133-00061882-00062221": "different advisers who have worked at a new for private banking and now", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00134-00062221-00062754": "also on the tech side but that's actually resulted in an SVK Crypto", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00135-00062754-00063109": "partnering up with block one we're now one of the venture capital partners we", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00136-00063109-00063433": "were on the fund for 50 million dollars solely focusing on investing into very", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00137-00063433-00063825": "early-stage blockchain technologies that will utilize the EOS.IO protocol", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00138-00063825-00064378": "we're really happy with where we are but we realize that we're only really", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00139-00064378-00064819": "getting started this is the first fund that we've done and since that inception", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00140-00064819-00065170": "point we've continued to build the largest monthly meetups in London we had", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00141-00065170-00065599": "five hundred people but our last meetup you were out our meetup before we run a", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00142-00065599-00065938": "daily podcast which Charles does everyday but you're all going to be on later by", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00143-00065938-00066418": "the way we have Marco who does all our filming creates content and more", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00144-00066418-00066727": "importantly we realize that this opportunity that we're all being given", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00145-00066727-00067234": "is an amazing opportunity and we want to seize it literally by by our hands each", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00146-00067234-00067591": "and every day we're passionate to the core about what we do almost at the", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00147-00067591-00067948": "point of and healthiness and we realize that we have a lot of fun doing it so", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00148-00067948-00068352": "thank you very much for hosting us and this is why we're here today", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00149-00069916-00070224": "hey Robbie. How's going? I'm Shane from SVK Crypto", "ce2K1rSF8iy-00150-00070224-00070572": "How are you buddy?"}}, {"audio_id": "ce2LMU8QaiY", "text": {"ce2LMU8QaiY-00000-00000126-00000504": "Alright, so our next topic is input files. This is covering how to get,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00001-00000504-00000924": "uh, data from a file into your program.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00002-00000924-00001092": "I'll give you a word of warning:", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00003-00001092-00001776": "it is a little bit trickier than actually putting data from your program into a file.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00004-00001776-00002034": "You start running into some of the runtime errors that I", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00005-00002034-00002328": "hinted at a little bit that I covered appendix C.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00006-00002328-00002856": "So let's get into that. Uh, from the focus section of the textbook,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00007-00002856-00003456": "I will be covering 9.3, which is just about input files, but then, from the apply section,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00008-00003456-00004068": "I'll also briefly discuss 9.4 and 9.5, which are a couple of ways that we can use input files.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00009-00004068-00004608": "Uh, you know, we can use the data contained in input files and, you know,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00010-00004608-00005106": "solve some interesting problems with them. So let's get into it.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00011-00005106-00005796": "Now, the steps to input data are a little bit trickier than the steps to output data.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00012-00005796-00006162": "The first thing you want to do is you declare the StreamReader variable.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00013-00006162-00006881": "That is pretty similar, but note that we're using a StreamReader and not a StreamWriter.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00014-00006948-00007259": "There's a difference between the two. A StreamReader", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00015-00007338-00007859": "is able to take a file and read data from it. A StreamWriter is able to,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00016-00007859-00008550": "uh, you know, create a file or open up a file and, um, write data to that file.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00017-00008550-00009060": "It's a completely different functionality, which is why we have to use completely", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00018-00009060-00009672": "different classes in order to make that work. But you declare the StreamReader variable.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00019-00009672-00010368": "The second thing you do, and you do this before you even try to open the file that", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00020-00010368-00010902": "you want to read, you first have to check to see if the input file exists, and the reason", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00021-00010902-00011340": "why is because, if you try to open up a file that doesn't exist, you run into an error.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00022-00011400-00011862": "So, if it does exist, you know, we can actually work with it, all that kind of stuff.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00023-00011862-00012402": "If it does not exist, then you warn the user. You give them a message box, and you say,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00024-00012402-00012947": "\"Hey, I can't do that,” and then you just, uh, get out of the function, get out of the, um,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00025-00013038-00013169": "procedure entirely.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00026-00013169-00014112": "You don't even try to do anything with that file or anything with output or anything like that,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00027-00014166-00014406": "you know, anything that relies on data from the file.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00028-00014406-00014934": "You just warn the user and get out of there. You could use Exit Sub, you could just put", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00029-00014934-00015600": "everything inside of a massive if statement, maybe with some independent procedures or,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00030-00015600-00015984": "you know, functions or independent subs that you want to use to make things look a little cleaner.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00031-00015984-00016530": "But, you know, whatever method you want to use, if the file does not exist,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00032-00016530-00016986": "the only thing you should do is warn the user and maybe do whatever cleaning up you might need to,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00033-00016986-00017430": "but you probably shouldn't need to do any cleaning up if the file doesn't exist because,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00034-00017532-00017892": "you know, what's the point of like actually doing any work if the file doesn't exist?", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00035-00017892-00018282": "Anyway, you just you declare the variable, and then you check for the file right away.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00036-00018360-00018828": "If the file does exist, then you can do whatever your procedure is supposed to do.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00037-00018918-00019404": "What your procedure should do, if a file exists, is you open the file for input,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00038-00019404-00019800": "you read from the file and then do whatever processing that you have", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00039-00019800-00020124": "to do as you're reading from the file, and then you close the file.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00040-00020274-00021042": "So that's the procedure. You declare the variable, you check to see if the file exists.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00041-00021042-00021456": "If it does exist, you open it, you read from it, and then you close it,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00042-00021456-00021654": "and you close it right away.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00043-00021810-00022170": "So declaring the variable is pretty much the same", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00044-00022224-00022686": "as the StreamWriter, except we're using the StreamReader class like this.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00045-00022686-00023094": "But the StreamReader, uh, is designed to read,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00046-00023166-00023652": "uh, data from a file sequentially, rather than write data to a file sequentially.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00047-00023652-00024282": "And you you can think of StreamReader as holding a queue of data for the program to read and process.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00048-00024282-00024702": "You have sort of, uh, maybe a line at the, you know,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00049-00024702-00025212": "the meat counter at the grocery store, or a line at the bank, or something like that,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00050-00025344-00026189": "um, where each individual bytes in the file, each individual letter in terms of a text file, right?", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00051-00026189-00026477": "Each letter has its position in the queue. It has", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00052-00026477-00026700": "its number that it's waiting for it to get called up.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00053-00026700-00027516": "And then the StreamReader is able to… you know, it holds all of those letters in a queue, and then", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00054-00027516-00028158": "it's able to process some of those letters, uh, you know, take them out of the line process them", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00055-00028242-00028733": "and then get them out of the building once they are done being processed, and then everyone", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00056-00028836-00029033": "else in the line, all the remaining letters,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00057-00029033-00029412": "kind of move up to the beginning of the line and then wait for their turn to be called.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00058-00029412-00029826": "That's kind of the idea of what a StreamReader is doing. And I'm getting a little bit ahead", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00059-00029826-00030102": "of myself. We'll talk more about that in the reading part of this.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00060-00030102-00030732": "But yeah, an example of how you could use a StreamReader variable… er, declare a", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00061-00030732-00031445": "StreamReader variable, is you say Dim inFile as IO.StreamReader, just like that. It's very simple.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00062-00031518-00031848": "The next step is to determine whether a file exists,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00063-00031848-00032154": "which is important because you can't open a file that doesn't exist,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00064-00032154-00032772": "so you get a runtime error , because what you're asking Visual Basic to do is open up…", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00065-00032772-00033102": "If you… If you ask it to open up a file that doesn't exist, best case scenario,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00066-00033102-00033474": "it recognizes, “Hey, I can't find anything by that name, so I'm not even going to try.”", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00067-00033474-00034092": "Worst case scenario is it naively tries to find something with that filename, and it doesn't find", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00068-00034092-00034596": "something, but it accidentally opens up some garbage data that might actually hold I don't", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00069-00034596-00035166": "know, uh, the… the classified secrets that your computer is trying to hide from you or something,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00070-00035166-00035472": "and then, all of a sudden, you have access to that, and that sounds like a nightmare.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00071-00035472-00035766": "And imagine if a… uh, imagine if a hacker did that to you,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00072-00035880-00036396": "so that'd be really bad, so the computer isn't going to try to open up files that", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00073-00036396-00036900": "don't actually exist, you know, access data that isn't actually correlated with", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00074-00036900-00037482": "the filename that you're trying to say exists. All that would be really bad.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00075-00037554-00038064": "So we don't, you know, Visual Basic doesn't want to do that, so it just gives you a runtime error.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00076-00038064-00038436": "It says, “Hey, this file doesn't exist, so I'm going to", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00077-00038436-00039018": "stop working now,” and then the program crashes entirely, which is bad. You don't want to do that.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00078-00039108-00039882": "So the way that you can determine whether a file exists is using the IO.File.Exists method,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00079-00039882-00040242": "and you pass in the filename that you would really like to work with,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00080-00040242-00040638": "but you're not sure if it actually exists just yet.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00081-00040638-00041622": "And you should always always do this, use this method, even if you are 200% sure the file exists,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00082-00041688-00042048": "because maybe it does on your computer, but maybe it doesn't elsewhere", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00083-00042198-00042798": "and, you know, if you give the application to me, and something goes wrong maybe,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00084-00042798-00043596": "I don't see that text file that you have, and then your program breaks,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00085-00043596-00044022": "and then I have to take points off because of that, that would be really bad.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00086-00044130-00044778": "So you always want to determine whether or not the file exists before you try to run it.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00087-00044778-00044970": "Now, one way you can use this method…", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00088-00044970-00045486": "So, this method actually returns a boolean value it's True if the file", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00089-00045576-00045954": "that has the filename you pass in does exist,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00090-00045954-00046338": "and it's False if it doesn't exist, so you can use it in an if statement like this.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00091-00046338-00047016": "If IO.File.Exists employee.txt, then", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00092-00047076-00047646": "and then you do all of the processing of the file employee.txt underneath it.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00093-00047646-00048126": "So that is what you always want to do when you're trying to do file I/O like this.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00094-00048192-00048630": "Now, opening files for reading is a lot simpler than opening files for writing.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00095-00048630-00049194": "Uh, all you have to do is use the OpenText method of IO.File.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00096-00049296-00049674": "Um, so you, uh,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00097-00049734-00050520": "type in inFile equals IO.File.OpenText, passing in the filename that you actually want to open.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00098-00050520-00050898": "Of course, you only do this if you know for sure that the file exists.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00099-00050898-00051060": "So, inside of an if statement,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00100-00051060-00051384": "or inside of a procedure that is called from within an if statement.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00101-00051444-00052314": "But, um, yeah, assuming that you know the file exists using the Exists method,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00102-00052314-00052734": "you can use IO.File.OpenText, pass in the filename.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00103-00052734-00053555": "This method will create a StreamReader object that you… that then gets stored", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00104-00053555-00054167": "inside of your inFile variable, and that you can then use to start reading.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00105-00054305-00054876": "Alright, so the next step is to read from your files. Um, you only do this if the file exists.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00106-00054936-00055212": "So, if you try to read from a file that does not exist,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00107-00055212-00055674": "that also is bad, especially, you know, if it's a file that's not open as well.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00108-00055674-00056022": "You want to only read after the file is open,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00109-00056022-00056405": "and you should only open after the file has been confirmed to exist.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00110-00056405-00057305": "But I mentioned before that a StreamReader kind of has a queue of data, where individual", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00111-00057305-00057708": "characters can be processed and then taken out of the queue after processing, right?", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00112-00057708-00058188": "That's kind of what happens here is that data is consumed as you read it.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00113-00058188-00058674": "So you read a certain amount of data. You remove it from the queue, and then", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00114-00058752-00059100": "take care of all that data, whatever you're doing with it, whatever calculations,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00115-00059184-00059796": "and then you have the rest of the data has moved up to the front of the queue again,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00116-00059898-00060288": "just like how it works at the DMV or something like that.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00117-00060288-00060822": "So you read a certain amount of data. Uh, that data is removed from the queue,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00118-00060822-00061422": "the unread data is left behind in the queue, but now it's been moved forward now that there's empty", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00119-00061482-00061679": "space at the beginning… beginning of the queue.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00120-00061679-00062117": "That's the, um, idea that I want to go with going forward with this,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00121-00062117-00062472": "um, with, uh, reading from files.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00122-00062598-00063144": "So there are two methods of reading. You can read the entire file at once,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00123-00063198-00063420": "or you can read line-by-line.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00124-00063510-00064079": "Reading the entire file is super easy because you use the ReadToEnd method.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00125-00064200-00064686": "Um, the ReadToEnd method of a StreamReader variable returns", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00126-00064686-00065040": "a string that contains all of the data left in the queue.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00127-00065124-00066096": "So, if you have never used any… like, the other read method yet, if you… if this is your first", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00128-00066096-00066660": "time reading anything from the file, it gives you the entirety of the file as one string,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00129-00066738-00067152": "uh, consuming the entirety of the queue in doing so.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00130-00067260-00067860": "Um, so then, your one string has all of these like line breaks and all that kind of stuff.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00131-00067860-00068628": "It has all of the characters as is as you see them when you open up that file in a text editor.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00132-00068628-00069282": "One example of using that method is the line right here. I can set,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00133-00069372-00070068": "um, txtReport’s Text property equal to inFile.ReadToEnd, and that puts", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00134-00070068-00070608": "all the contents of ReadToEnd inside of the Text property right here, which works fine", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00135-00070608-00071148": "if you don't have any sort of formatting or calculating line-by-line that you need to do.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00136-00071148-00071742": "If you just need to display everything in a file, for example, that's a fine way of doing that.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00137-00071850-00072216": "Now, reading line-by-line is a little bit more complicated.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00138-00072288-00072864": "Um, essentially what you do is you use a loop, and, while the file is not empty,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00139-00072864-00073512": "or until the file is empty, you keep on reading and processing your lines.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00140-00073644-00074106": "Now, the first method, and there's two methods that we have to use here, but the first one is", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00141-00074106-00074766": "called Peek, which essentially returns, but does not consume, the next character in the queue.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00142-00074766-00075210": "So it just takes a look at the next character in the queue and says, “Hey,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00143-00075210-00075468": "there's this character in the queue right here.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00144-00075468-00075744": "This is the one you're looking… This is the one that you're going to see next.”", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00145-00075810-00076092": "Uh, but it doesn't consume it. It leaves that character as-is.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00146-00076092-00077034": "The, uh, really really helpful thing we can use the Peek method for is its other return value.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00147-00077034-00077604": "It returns negative one if the queue is completely empty, which means that the file has", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00148-00077604-00078498": "been completely processed, which means that we can use our Peek method as a while or until condition", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00149-00078498-00079494": "in order to… uh, in order to tell us when we are no longer able to look at another line,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00150-00079644-00080154": "or, we can also use it to tell us if there is another line to look at,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00151-00080292-00080940": "um, because, you know, if we try to read a line, but the queue is empty that's going to", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00152-00081012-00081450": "give us an error, so we only want to read lines when we know that", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00153-00081450-00081834": "there's a character left in the queue, at least one character left in the queue,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00154-00081834-00082296": "so we use the Peek method to show us whether or not there is a character left in the queue.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00155-00082392-00083100": "So, once we know that there is a character in the queue using Peek,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00156-00083100-00083700": "then we can use ReadLine, which will give us a string starting at the beginning of", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00157-00083700-00084282": "the queue and ending at the next newline, but it doesn't actually include the next newline.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00158-00084282-00085002": "It just takes everything up until the… the first newline that it sees, returns that to us,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00159-00085002-00085560": "and then it just removes the newline from the queue entirely, so then the next character is,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00160-00085560-00086196": "uh, not that first… not that first newline, but the next character that there was, entirely.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00161-00086310-00087030": "Um, so, if… uh, yeah, it just returns you the next line of text from the file,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00162-00087030-00087258": "everything from the beginning to the next newline.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00163-00087258-00087564": "If there are no more… no more newlines, it will just return", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00164-00087564-00087852": "everything from the beginning of the queue to the end of the file.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00165-00087852-00088506": "But all of the data that it has returned to you is consumed. It's removed from the queue,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00166-00088506-00089160": "as well as the new line that is there, uh, and everything after that newline", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00167-00089160-00089628": "is moved up to the front. So it just lets you read, one line at a time.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00168-00089628-00090054": "So you combine these two using a loop. While there's a character left in the…", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00169-00090054-00090558": "left in the… the file, you read the line, you do something with a line,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00170-00090558-00091158": "and then you, uh, go back up to the top and check just to see if there is another thing.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00171-00091266-00091632": "So this is an example of how you would read line-by-line.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00172-00091752-00092532": "Um, you use a do until inFile.Peek equals negative one, or do while it", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00173-00092532-00093048": "doesn't equal negative one, but you use infile.Peek compared to negative one.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00174-00093048-00093390": "As soon as inFile.Peek equals negative one, you break out of the loop.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00175-00093390-00094026": "But the first thing you put inside of this do loop is the call to ReadLine.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00176-00094026-00094602": "You don't call ReadLine before the do until loop, because", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00177-00094758-00095316": "there is such a thing as an empty file, and you don't want to work with empty files.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00178-00095454-00095940": "Alright, sorry you don't want to read from empty files, because then, you'll get an error as well.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00179-00095940-00096696": "So you always want to first check to see if Peek gives negative one, and,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00180-00096696-00097020": "if it does not give negative one, then you read the line,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00181-00097020-00097464": "and you store it in whatever string your, you know, variable you're working with or whatever", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00182-00097464-00097740": "property you're working with, and then do whatever other processing you're doing.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00183-00097812-00098910": "But that is how this whole thing works, is you check to see if there's a next… a next line", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00184-00098910-00099414": "using a loop condition, and then, the first thing you do inside of the loop condition is", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00185-00099414-00100092": "update your variable containing, uh, whatever line you're looking at to hold that next line.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00186-00100092-00100998": "You don't need to, uh, you don't need to check to see if, uh, inFile.Peek is negative one using an", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00187-00100998-00101340": "if statement up here and get, like, an initial value for string line and then", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00188-00101394-00101766": "have a while loop or anything like that. You don't need to worry about all that kind of stuff.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00189-00101766-00102264": "All you need is this loop right here. Just set it up like this,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00190-00102264-00102702": "do all of your calculations inside, and that that's all you need. it's that simple.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00191-00102761-00103794": "Uh, also do not use a post-test loop because a post-test loop assumes that there is a line in", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00192-00103794-00104382": "the text file, but there may not be a line in the text file because you could have an empty file.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00193-00104520-00104898": "So a post-test loop would run into an empty file and it would break completely.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00194-00104898-00105678": "You don't want to do that at all. Just do a pre-test loop where it runs while,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00195-00105756-00106308": "uh, inFile.Peek is not equal to negative one, or until inFile.Peek is negative one.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00196-00106308-00106746": "That's all you have to do. It's just a very simple setup. And, of course, you do this", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00197-00106746-00107472": "after you have verified that inFile exists, and then you open inFile, and all that kind of stuff.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00198-00107580-00107982": "Alright, and then finally… we have closing files, so remember, you should only open", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00199-00107982-00108611": "your files if the file actually exists, which means that you should only close your files", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00200-00108611-00108983": "if the file exists as well, because you shouldn't close a file that isn't open.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00201-00108983-00109596": "Otherwise, you run into some trouble. Um, but you just call the Close method.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00202-00109596-00109811": "So you have your infile.Close", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00203-00109866-00110226": "right here. But you always close your files when you're not using them.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00204-00110226-00110964": "So you, um, you want to close your file as soon as you are no longer working with it,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00205-00110964-00111774": "so as soon as your while loop finishes, um, then you would want to close it right away and then", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00206-00111774-00112254": "just finish up the rest of the cleanup, and the final calculations, and all that kind of stuff.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00207-00112254-00113118": "But you want to close it as soon as possible in terms of, you know, the program actually", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00208-00113190-00113508": "having, you know, running and having the file open all that kind of stuff.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00209-00113646-00113832": "Alright, so we have this game show program again.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00210-00113909-00114618": "Um, what this, uh, also has as a functionality as a read from file button that I can press,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00211-00114618-00115278": "and it loads all of these contestants up into our output right here.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00212-00115278-00115685": "So what it's actually doing is it's reading from that same contestants.txt", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00213-00115685-00116196": "file that I showed before, uh, and loading everything in just like this.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00214-00116309-00116778": "Here's the code for this. It's very simple for this particular problem.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00215-00116856-00117276": "All we do is we declare our inFile variable as a string reader,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00216-00117276-00117894": "we check if contestants.txt exists, and then open up the file for input.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00217-00118002-00118692": "Um, if… if it does exist, of course, we open it for input. We use the OpenText", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00218-00118692-00119340": "method that we showed before, set that equal to inFile, and inFile receives the StreamReader", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00219-00119394-00119670": "that is returned from the OpenText method.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00220-00119742-00120402": "And then, this one is super simple. It's just a matter of taking the text box with,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00221-00120402-00121259": "um, the certain properties that actually the, um, text… the textbook can go more into detail about,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00222-00121259-00121680": "you know, which properties are being set in order to make the output look the way it does,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00223-00121680-00122214": "but it just reads everything that's in the file and puts it straight into the text box as is.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00224-00122214-00122604": "Uh, scrolling is handled well, and, because of the way that the,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00225-00122694-00123606": "um, because the way that everything is formatted, when we have our output right here, uh, it", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00226-00123666-00124320": "writes every single name as a new line, so we're guaranteed that every name will be its own line.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00227-00124320-00124890": "So then, when we actually read our contestants.txt file back into the", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00228-00124890-00125238": "program, we can assume that every contestant is on its right line.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00229-00125238-00125556": "So when you're… if you're outputting data", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00230-00125652-00126120": "and then also inputting the same data that you might output, you really want to make sure that", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00231-00126120-00126666": "there's that synergy between what is being output and what you're reading in when it's being input.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00232-00126666-00127409": "You want to either, you know, set those standards for yourself so that you know for sure your", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00233-00127409-00128052": "output… it will look a certain way and that your input functions can expect your output to look", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00234-00128052-00128820": "a certain way, or, you know, you follow exactly along with the instructions, uh, in the exercise,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00235-00128820-00129738": "so that your input will, you know, expect the output to look as you would expect.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00236-00129738-00130170": "This is really important, by the way, because I will use test files", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00237-00130290-00130908": "to test your functions that take in file input, and, if your functions don't work with my files,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00238-00130908-00131514": "you will lose points because they, um, you know, it doesn't go along with the instructions", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00239-00131514-00132228": "for the exercise, if the exercise do in fact specify a particular input and output format.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00240-00132228-00132816": "If they don't, then I will follow along with what your program is doing, of course, but, if they do,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00241-00132882-00133038": "uh, if they do specify something,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00242-00133038-00133422": "then I will be testing using that specification, just as that heads up.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00243-00133422-00133986": "But yeah, that's what's happening, um, because the output like that assumes,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00244-00133986-00134226": "you know, actually stores every name on its own line,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00245-00134226-00134790": "the input is also assuming that every name is on its own line, so we just use this ReadToEnd", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00246-00134790-00135318": "to take this already nicely-formatted file, turn that into a nicely-formatted string,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00247-00135318-00135690": "and stick that into the text property right here, and then it closes immediately.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00248-00135690-00136104": "And, of course, we have this cannot find the file message box right here.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00249-00136104-00136734": "I actually already showed it working just fine, so, uh, let me just change this to blah.txt, which", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00250-00136734-00137388": "doesn't actually exist, and then run the program, so we can see what the message box looks like.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00251-00137448-00138096": "And we'll see this cannot find the file, uh, message box, which is what happens when,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00252-00138198-00138798": "um, you can't actually find the file that you're trying to open.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00253-00138966-00139302": "So now, what I want to do is show off a little bit of input and output.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00254-00139302-00139500": "So the first thing I'll do is I'll read from the file,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00255-00139656-00140322": "um, and then I will type in my own name, Iris Kohler, and write that to the file.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00256-00140322-00140928": "And, you know, the text box actually gets cleared completely. I'll also put Marley,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00257-00140982-00141486": "um, Sillymouth, that's her legal name. I saw it on her birth certificate yesterday,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00258-00141642-00141828": "um, write that to the file as well, and then I'll read.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00259-00141912-00142230": "All these contestants right here are exactly the same, except now,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00260-00142230-00142686": "we have my name and Marley's name, just like that.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00261-00142686-00143430": "So that is an example of reading and then writing and then reading again,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00262-00143430-00143760": "and seeing that updated value as we read.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00263-00143760-00144708": "But yeah, uh, as we write to the file right here, um, the text is actually", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00264-00144708-00145626": "emptied by the write to file, uh, procedure because, you know, I've written to the file,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00265-00145746-00146088": "which means that now this text box has out-of-date information.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00266-00146088-00146886": "I could try to put this stuff inside of the text box myself, but then it gets a little bit tricky", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00267-00146886-00148008": "because, you know, I'm assuming that the file has actually been correctly written to based…", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00268-00148008-00148272": "Uh, and then I put the,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00269-00148272-00148794": "um, you know, the name that I just added at the end of the text box and all that kind of stuff,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00270-00148794-00149154": "but then the text box isn't actually reflecting the… the contents of the files.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00271-00149154-00149574": "It’s reflecting the old contents of the file plus whatever I just added.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00272-00149574-00150054": "If there was a mistake, for example, if I, um, accidentally use create mode instead of append", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00273-00150054-00150582": "mode, I wouldn't know that until it's too late, because my program would make it look", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00274-00150582-00151062": "like everything is working correctly, even though it's not actually working correctly.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00275-00151062-00151368": "So you have to be real careful with that. I would recommend, um,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00276-00151470-00152106": "doing what the textbook does here and clearing out the text box rather than actually, uh, making it,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00277-00152178-00152712": "you know, putting that in… that, uh, input directly into the text box,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00278-00152844-00153240": "and then hoping that the change was actually successfully made to the file.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00279-00153372-00153864": "Alright, now I want to show off what happens if you forget to close, um, either…", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00280-00153864-00154272": "And this works for, uh, if you forget to close a StreamReader or a StreamWriter,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00281-00154272-00154626": "but I'm going to forget to close a StreamWriter right here.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00282-00154626-00155226": "So, I'll run the program. Uh, when I read from file, the file is no longer closed, so,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00283-00155226-00156228": "what happens is, the file is still considered open by Visual Basic, even though, uh, btnRead_Click is", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00284-00156228-00157074": "still, um, you know, theoretically, it's finished, because it has read to the end of everything.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00285-00157074-00157620": "But then, the file hasn't actually closed. It's still stuck being open.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00286-00157620-00158328": "Now, if I type in… let's see, I'll just type in blah blah, just like that,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00287-00158328-00158754": "and I'll try writing to the file, and we get an unhandled exception.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00288-00158754-00159438": "The process cannot access my contestants.txt file, because it is being used by another process.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00289-00159498-00160266": "What's happening here is that, if I forget to close, um, right here, then that file stays open.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00290-00160266-00160686": "The reader is still trying to read, you know,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00291-00160686-00161070": "it's all holding onto that file because it thinks I'm still trying to do something with the file.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00292-00161070-00161460": "Even though I've read to the end, it still thinks I'm trying to do something with the file,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00293-00161460-00162084": "so it holds on to it until I specifically say to close it, which means that, when I then", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00294-00162084-00162648": "click the write button, and then try to open that file for, you know, appending, well, the", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00295-00162648-00163098": "file is already open for reading, and it can't be opened again for appending, because what happens", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00296-00163098-00163770": "if I modify a file that is currently being read? Bad things. So Visual Basic doesn't allow that.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00297-00163770-00164562": "When you open a file as either for reading or for writing, Visual Basic kind of puts a lock onto it,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00298-00164628-00164958": "which prevents that file from being opened by anything else.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00299-00164958-00165576": "I wouldn't even be able to open it using notepad if I forgot to close it out like that.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00300-00165636-00165858": "So, yeah, you run into errors like that,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00301-00165858-00166218": "so you always have to close your files. It's really important.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00302-00166392-00166926": "Alright, so here is another example. We have a program that is, uh,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00303-00166926-00167568": "taking in a text file that holds sales for a particular company,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00304-00167568-00168144": "but this text file holds those sales in a very particular manner.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00305-00168246-00168870": "Um, what it does is it groups together the item that is being sold,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00306-00168870-00169386": "and then the amounts of sales we have made for that type of item.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00307-00169386-00170568": "So beverages, we have sold $340,500; for food, we have sold $540,200; and so on and so forth.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00308-00170568-00171462": "All of these values have a category name, followed by a value, a numerical value like this.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00309-00171462-00172218": "Now, suppose we're trying to actually, uh, you know, suppose we're trying to actually", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00310-00172320-00172890": "get the total accumulated value of all of our sales.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00311-00173034-00173562": "Um, that means that we'll have to go into this file", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00312-00173628-00174420": "and try to figure out ways in which we can handle having, uh, this mixture of", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00313-00174420-00175008": "non-numeric strings and numeric strings just like this. So let's get into how we might do that.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00314-00175092-00175986": "Alright, so here is the idea. Um, we are taking a, uh, sales.txt text file, which is actually", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00315-00175986-00176508": "what I just showed you right here, and we're checking to make sure it exists, which is great.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00316-00176508-00177084": "Um, also we have our StreamReader up here. So we declared the variable, we checked to see", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00317-00177084-00177768": "if it exists, and we have our message box in case the file doesn't actually exist.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00318-00177822-00178152": "But if it does exist, then we actually open up the file,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00319-00178230-00178650": "uh, using OpenText, and we set that equal to our StreamReader.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00320-00178650-00179100": "Now, inside of our loop, we're actually going to go line-by-line,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00321-00179100-00179442": "and what we're going to do here is actually pretty clever.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00322-00179544-00180156": "Um, so sales.txt right here, we have one line, which is the product category,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00323-00180156-00180660": "and then one line, which is the amount, uh, that that category made in sales.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00324-00180660-00181140": "So we always have one line of text and one line of numerical text.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00325-00181230-00181638": "Product category, numerical text, product category, numeric text,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00326-00181638-00182004": "product category, numeric text, and so on and so forth.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00327-00182004-00182490": "We don't care about the product categories. We can just completely get rid of those altogether.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00328-00182574-00183114": "All we care about is the actual numeric categories like this.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00329-00183114-00183558": "But, the other thing that's really interesting about this particular format,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00330-00183558-00184110": "if we make sure to be very careful about how we set up our input file like this,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00331-00184110-00184674": "you're never going to have a product category that doesn't have an associated value.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00332-00184746-00185388": "Every product category will be guaranteed to have an associated value if we set up our", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00333-00185388-00186108": "input file like this, in this sort of record format, where we have the category and then", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00334-00186108-00186594": "the value and then the category and then the value, one after the other just like that.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00335-00186660-00187788": "As long as we, um, stick to this format, then we are totally fine to do what I'm about to propose.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00336-00187788-00188634": "If we always have a text… a non-numeric product category… maybe not even a non-numeric product,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00337-00188634-00189300": "category just a product category directly, and always followed by a numeric value,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00338-00189378-00190062": "what we could do is read the first line, and then completely throw out that first line because we", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00339-00190062-00190374": "don't care about the product categories. We're just trying to accumulate the value.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00340-00190374-00190854": "So we read the first line, throw it out. The next line will be a number", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00341-00190908-00191424": "based on how we set up our file, so we parse that number, and then add it to our accumulator,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00342-00191502-00191826": "and then we reach the end of our loop.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00343-00191886-00192300": "At the beginning of the next iteration of the loop, we read the product category,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00344-00192300-00192840": "throw that out completely, read in the number, parse it, add it to our accumulator.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00345-00192930-00193230": "We reach the end of the iteration and go back up.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00346-00193230-00193842": "So that is what's happening right here. We read the category first, which will just be some text.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00347-00193950-00194280": "Um, they're just saving it as a string right here.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00348-00194280-00194682": "We wouldn't even need to do that if we weren't using the category whatsoever.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00349-00194748-00195024": "Uh, we could just get rid of it like this,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00350-00195120-00195474": "throw it out completely, but I'll just leave it like that for now.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00351-00195630-00196128": "And then we read the sales amount and convert it to an integer, which we are certain that", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00352-00196128-00197034": "we can do because of how we formatted the, uh, sales text file, and probably this would have", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00353-00197034-00197724": "some attached documentation that would tell users how to properly format the sales, uh,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00354-00197724-00198324": "text files in order to work with this application, or there might be some program that converts a", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00355-00198324-00198996": "more commonly used form into this format before running this application or something like that.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00356-00198996-00199500": "But, regardless, there would be some way of ensuring that the input file is correct.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00357-00199560-00199944": "But, assuming that it is, which we will, uh, we will convert", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00358-00200028-00200856": "the next line that we read, which we are certain, by construction, is an integer… Uh, well, sorry,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00359-00200856-00201366": "is a number, we'll convert that to an integer and stick it into our intSales variable right here,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00360-00201366-00201996": "and then we add that to our accumulator, and then continue on to the next iteration.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00361-00201996-00202866": "So, we… we are reading two lines at a time inside of our do until loop like this, but we're able", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00362-00202866-00203478": "to do that, even though we're only checking every other line to see if that line exists.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00363-00203478-00203910": "We're able to take the chance on the second line that we read in", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00364-00203910-00204552": "because of how certain we are that the sales.txt file is formatted properly.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00365-00204552-00205092": "This is fine to do if you're using like an internal, uh, document that either", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00366-00205092-00205488": "you're creating, or it's following some company standard, or something like that.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00367-00205488-00205812": "If the user is creating these documents themselves, you might want to be a little", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00368-00205878-00205998": "careful about that.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00369-00205998-00206423": "You might want to check them and say, you know, “Hey, make sure that you're,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00370-00206423-00207252": "um, make sure that you are, uh, using this properly”, or, you know,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00371-00207252-00207690": "check every single line to make sure it exists, and then if it, you know,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00372-00207690-00208104": "this next line right here doesn't exist, then throw an error or something like that. Whatever.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00373-00208104-00208656": "But, in the case right here where we have created sales.txt in this example,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00374-00208656-00209052": "and we know that sales.txt will be formatted correctly, this is safe to do.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00375-00209196-00209742": "And then, of course, we close inFile directly after the loop,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00376-00209742-00210132": "which is good practice to do when you're using a loop in order to read through a file.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00377-00210192-00210582": "By the way, this is what the application looks like in, uh,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00378-00210582-00211002": "you know, when you actually run it. You click calculate, you get this value right here.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00379-00211067-00211896": "So now, what if you had a comma separating the category name from the actual price amount,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00380-00211896-00212544": "rather than having a new line separating the comma from… er, the category name from the price amount?", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00381-00212544-00213186": "Uh, what we would have here is a csv file, a comma separated values file,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00382-00213186-00213552": "where we have the first column right here—this actually forms a table.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00383-00213552-00214056": "So the first column is the category name, the second column is the actual price.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00384-00214056-00214476": "And what we would need to do is actually figure out how to split", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00385-00214476-00215069": "off the category name from the price, so let's figure out how to do that.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00386-00215130-00215562": "So now, because the category and the price are on the same line, we actually have to", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00387-00215562-00216150": "treat this a little bit differently, and this is where our string operations can come in handy.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00388-00216150-00216906": "So what I can do is I'll create a new string variable, so Dim strLine as String,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00389-00216906-00217602": "just like this, um, and then the category is going to be everything in the line before,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00390-00217710-00218412": "uh, the actual comma that's like what I have right here, everything before the comma,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00391-00218412-00218706": "and then everything after the comma is going to be the price.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00392-00218706-00219090": "And also, I have to make sure to get rid of this little, uh, space right here.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00393-00219186-00219714": "So let's take a look at how to do that.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00394-00219767-00220212": "Um, the first thing I want to do, rather than having certain category be inFile.ReadLine,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00395-00220212-00220542": "I'm actually going to have string line be inFile.ReadLine.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00396-00220632-00221460": "And then, what we'll want to do is set string category equal to everything before the comma.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00397-00221460-00221778": "So, if you remember our trick that we used before,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00398-00221910-00222666": "um, let's see, strCategory equals strLine dot… Should be Substring.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00399-00222858-00223673": "Um, the start index is going to be zero, and the length is going to be, uh, strLine.IndexOf", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00400-00223854-00224040": "the comma character.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00401-00224262-00224802": "That", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00402-00224862-00225426": "should actually a string. My bad. But that should give us the category, just like that.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00403-00225546-00225912": "And then, I'll actually put a .Trim at the end,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00404-00225912-00226254": "just to really make sure things are clean right here.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00405-00226314-00226788": "But then, um, for, uh, TryParse, instead of reading a new line, well,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00406-00226788-00227148": "everything is already on the line that we've read, so, instead I'm going to use strLine,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00407-00227304-00227760": "um, I'm going to invoke the Remove method.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00408-00227760-00228444": "Uh, I can start at the index of the comma plus one, so I want", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00409-00228444-00228930": "to start at whatever character is after the comma right here.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00410-00228990-00229902": "So strLine.IndexOf, passing in the comma like that, plus one.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00411-00230142-00230964": "So then, let's see. In this case, um, that would start at the space right here,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00412-00230964-00231426": "which we don't necessarily want to start at the space, except I'm going to Trim it anyway.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00413-00231534-00231923": "The nice thing about using the trim up here and the trim down here is that I", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00414-00231923-00232398": "can have any combination of spaces around the comma, like both sides separated by a space,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00415-00232398-00233232": "or no side separated by a space, or whatever, um, and it should still work just fine.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00416-00233550-00233634": "Uh…", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00417-00233880-00234444": "But this should successfully work as an integer, you know,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00418-00234444-00235254": "convert that to an integer get the number out of this line in the csv file. So, yeah.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00419-00235367-00235721": "Alright, and I made a couple of very silly mistakes.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00420-00235800-00236292": "Um, first off I need to use the starting index as zero and then the length", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00421-00236346-00237071": "would be, uh, IndexOf the comma plus one in order to actually fully get the comma. not the, uh…", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00422-00237173-00237510": "The setting index is the start of what gets removed, not the start", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00423-00237510-00237888": "of what gets kept. I briefly confused Remove and Substring, so that's my bad.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00424-00237888-00238752": "Uh, the other thing was that I had to, um, uh, change sales.txt to sales.csv, and", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00425-00238752-00239094": "that gave me a couple errors that I wasn't expecting off-camera, but", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00426-00239154-00239760": "there we go. I can calculate it now, and we get the proper results.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00427-00239832-00240510": "So that is how you could work with a csv file like this. You actually have to use", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00428-00240510-00241254": "things like IndexOf and Substring and Remove and all that kind of stuff in order to get, um, the", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00429-00241367-00242610": "get the proper values into the proper places for both the category and the, um, sales amount there.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00430-00242778-00242928": "Alright, and now the last thing I want to show you", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00431-00242928-00243342": "is a quick and dirty way of sorting data that is contained within files.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00432-00243342-00243780": "If we have a file that just has a whole bunch of entries,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00433-00243780-00244566": "one entry per line, sort of like what we have here, um, then we can actually", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00434-00244680-00245394": "quite easily sort this using Visual Basic, a quick and dirty trick that I can show off.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00435-00245394-00245940": "So, yeah, this file contains all of the states in the United States of America,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00436-00246006-00246456": "and we're going to show off how to sort everything very easily.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00437-00246540-00247110": "Alright, so all we have here is a very simple application that has a list box containing state", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00438-00247110-00247950": "names, uh, and a button to write everything in the list box to file, but not much else.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00439-00247950-00248519": "Well, what's going on here is that, when you load the application under the Me.Load event,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00440-00248621-00249780": "um, this application actually reads in every single state, uh, into an item in the list box.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00441-00249780-00250284": "And the reason why we have to use Peek and ReadLine like this", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00442-00250284-00250776": "is because we're adding each line individually into the list box.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00443-00250776-00251292": "We don't have a great way of doing that using, um, you know, the… the other read function,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00444-00251292-00251592": "the one that reads to the end of the file, so we have to do this line-by-line.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00445-00251592-00252167": "But, line-by-line, we are adding every single item into the file", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00446-00252221-00252750": "using this while loop right here. But that is pretty standard.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00447-00252750-00253404": "So we open the application like this, and it just reads all of the state names into", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00448-00253404-00254154": "the list box in order, in the same order that they were actually typed up here.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00449-00254369-00254694": "You can verify that on your own after completing the exercise.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00450-00254694-00255317": "But really, uh, the only other thing that's going on is this write to file button,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00451-00255317-00255912": "which just for every, uh, for everything in the", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00452-00256002-00256817": "list of items, uh, starting at index zero and going to the count minus one, you just write line.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00453-00256817-00258012": "Uh, you write a line containing that item from the list box very easily, so that's all it does.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00454-00258012-00259002": "But, using this program we actually can sort the, uh, you know, everything in the", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00455-00259002-00259530": "states.txt file right here as is. We don't need to add any additional functionality.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00456-00259662-00260658": "Uh, so before, what I showed off was, when I started the file, um, it just give me all", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00457-00260658-00261564": "the states in some wacky order like this, so, you know, that isn't ideal for our purposes.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00458-00261564-00261990": "But, what I can do is mess with some of the properties of this list box.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00459-00261990-00262758": "I can go down to the Sorted property right here, which is currently False and I can make it True.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00460-00262908-00263142": "Alright, now, the Sorted property is True,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00461-00263292-00263814": "which means that when we actually load the program again.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00462-00263814-00264564": "We're still adding all of the items in the same order in that wacky order, but sorted is True,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00463-00264564-00265044": "so those items are actually going to be sorted alphabetically, as you can see right here.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00464-00265200-00265674": "Um, Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, all that kind of stuff, right?", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00465-00265674-00266214": "This is all in alphabetical order because of the fact that sorted is True,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00466-00266214-00266487": "and then what I can do is, I can click write to file.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00467-00266487-00266802": "File has been written successfully.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00468-00266880-00267042": "And, when I open up states.txt,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00469-00267216-00267780": "all of a sudden, everything is sorted, and it wasn't always this way.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00470-00267780-00268656": "So it's a very quick and dirty way of doing that. Um, there are other methods.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00471-00268770-00268944": "We won't get into those methods right now.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00472-00269028-00269916": "But that is a way of doing it using the… the fact that we have a list box right here,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00473-00269916-00270516": "which has a collection, which can be of variable size, so it can handle a good amount of items,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00474-00270516-00271134": "even if we don't know how many items there are. Um, yeah, it works very well.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00475-00271236-00271650": "Alright, and that is using input files with your programs.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00476-00271650-00272016": "Um, that's actually it for our discussion on how to use files.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00477-00272016-00272250": "I'm going to very briefly talk about menus,", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00478-00272322-00272742": "uh, in the next video, but, other than that, yeah, that's just files.", "ce2LMU8QaiY-00479-00272742-00273252": "Uh, that's exactly how you can successfully use input and output files, both."}}, {"audio_id": "ce6fGuIrBHA", "text": {"ce6fGuIrBHA-00000-00000000-00020900": "🌟 🇺🇸 CARNIVAL COSTUMES — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "ceBQNC5GUDk", "text": {"ceBQNC5GUDk-00000-00000401-00001126": "The happy dream in the most simplest terms is it's a dream of nonjudgment.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00001-00001206-00001804": "And, what that really entails is at some point", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00002-00001880-00002388": "you start to realize that human beings seem to organize", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00003-00002406-00002774": "the world they see and their lives on earth, so to speak.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00004-00002808-00003056": "Based on a belief system.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00005-00003090-00003561": "And forgiveness, which is what the happy dream is about.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00006-00003561-00004076": "It's like a giant all encompassing belief.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00007-00004078-00004634": "In fact it's such a large belief that it literally, like swallows up.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00008-00004636-00005056": "Just like Jonah and the whale, it just swallows up all the other ones.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00009-00005110-00005698": "And what that means in practical terms is, when you have the experience of forgiveness", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00010-00005698-00006576": "you have to experience that all specific beliefs are completely untrue.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00011-00006578-00007416": "And so, it puts your mind in a state of openness, complete open mindedness,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00012-00007416-00007772": "complete all inclusiveness, complete acceptance.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00013-00007784-00008668": "So, that means practically speaking that you absolutely can never get into an argument ever again.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00014-00008696-00009510": "Because you've had this experience that there's no specific beliefs that are more true than other ones.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00015-00009510-00009744": "They're all equally false.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00016-00009744-00010220": "And therefore all the labels, the things that people seem to be defending,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00017-00010244-00011132": "of different religions, different cultures, different kind of beliefs associated with ethnic differences and everything.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00018-00011138-00011902": "You find that not only are there zero significant differences,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00019-00011962-00012260": "but there are zero differences.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00020-00012312-00013130": "You have an experience of the unified mind, unified awareness in which everything is you, literally.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00021-00013130-00013568": "Everything is mind, everything is you're identified with that.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00022-00013578-00014366": "So, you've completely transcended arguments, debates, being right, being wrong.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00023-00014386-00014622": "You've completely transcended opinions", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00024-00014636-00015234": "you could possibly hold the slightest opinion about anything.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00025-00015254-00015688": "Because, that opinion would be based on specific beliefs.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00026-00015713-00016110": "And the happy dream laughs at the very idea.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00027-00016140-00017162": "And so, for me it's very joyful because we were calling this a oneness festival and not a beautiful name for it.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00028-00017170-00017512": "We're not promoting A Course in Miracles.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00029-00017514-00017990": "We're not promoting any theology including the Course.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00030-00018018-00018810": "And the Course itself says that you know it's at the end of, the paragraph in lesson one eighty nine,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00031-00018814-00019474": "the one that starts off; \"simply do this. Be still, and lay aside all thoughts of what you are and what God is;\"", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00032-00019474-00020164": "then He goes on to say, \"forget this world, forget this course, and come with open arms unto your God.\"", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00033-00020170-00020408": "That's the experience of the happy dream.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00034-00020510-00021624": "So you literally lose all sense of discrimination in terms of the specifics.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00035-00021624-00022026": "Still the Spirit can still flow through you with we'll call guidance.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00036-00022124-00022324": "But, the guidance is for the whole.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00037-00022330-00022738": "It's for the whole universe, it's not really for specific ones.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00038-00022752-00023734": "It can still involve words, but the presence of love is so strong that rejection becomes impossible.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00039-00023734-00023910": "Abandonment becomes impossible.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00040-00023950-00024582": "All the things that seem to be the sticking point around religion, all become impossible.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00041-00024632-00025074": "Suddenly, religion becomes the experience of peace of mind.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00042-00025108-00025474": "Which is like, ahhh that's a different definition.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00043-00025474-00025870": "Are you Hindu?, Are you Muslim?, Are you Christian?", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00044-00025994-00026180": "Peace, oh peace.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00045-00026180-00027114": "It's an experience that literally transcends all the theologys, and all the concepts.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00046-00027138-00027658": "So, talk about the idea , I've never met a stranger.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00047-00027658-00027922": "You know, who would the stranger be?", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00048-00027926-00028374": "If love is welcoming to one and all.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00049-00028382-00028902": "Then, there's that feeling of home. It's a presence of being home.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00050-00028927-00029736": "You might say, it's where Heaven and earth cease to exist as separate states.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00051-00029777-00030004": "I always liked that part of the Course.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00052-00030004-00030330": "\"Heaven and earth cease to exist as separate states.\"", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00053-00030474-00030820": "It's the teaching that Heaven is here. Heaven is now.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00054-00030824-00031288": "And, that's the FEEL of the happy dream. That's what makes it happy.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00055-00031288-00031820": "It's not a future state, it's not something you hope and wish for.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00056-00031842-00032536": "Some day, some way. We'll find a new way of living.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00057-00032536-00033198": "We'll find a way of forgiving. Someday, no. It's not that.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00058-00033300-00034026": "That's not it either, cause that's; sounds very hopeful, you know but hopefulness  doesn't really have a place in the happy dream.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00059-00034026-00034184": "It's not hoping for anything.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00060-00034186-00034524": "It's an actual state.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00061-00034558-00035006": "And for me, that's been kind of a treat for me when I traveled around the world", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00062-00035006-00035696": "and met all these different people and different cultures and languages and traditions and everything.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00063-00035696-00036158": "It's a fiesta, it's a party. It's like an on going party.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00064-00036198-00036564": "Because there's no point to be made.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00065-00036564-00036878": "That's the fun of it, there is absolutely no point.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00066-00036878-00037368": "It's not like that thing on Saturday Night Live, point, counter point.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00067-00037370-00037786": "There's not even a visual counter point, but there's no point.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00068-00037842-00038348": "When people sometimes say to me, \"what's the point of this world?\"", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00069-00038350-00038612": "I say, well really there is no point.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00070-00038672-00038954": "You can't find anything that's a point.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00071-00038954-00039432": "But you could say that happiness, if God's Will for us is perfect happiness,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00072-00039464-00039954": "if you really had to come up with something like a purpose it would have to be happiness.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00073-00039980-00040582": "Forgiveness is just a name we could say that can equate with happiness.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00074-00040590-00040950": "If forgiveness is our function while we perceive a world,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00075-00040986-00041770": "then Jesus says in the workbook, \"my happiness and my function are one.\"", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00076-00041802-00042000": "They are the same.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00077-00042000-00042278": "Imagine when you're growing up with your parents and their going,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00078-00042278-00042528": "what are YOU gonna be when YOU grow up?", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00079-00042528-00043010": "When you're like five years old, you want to be a fireman, you want to be a ballerina,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00080-00043030-00043468": "happy? happy? You want to be happy? yo. You'd be like,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00081-00043468-00043696": "no, you don't understand the question.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00082-00043696-00044270": "But, actually that IS the answer, really.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00083-00044286-00044830": "What's the point of your being here? To be happy.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00084-00044848-00045564": "OK, that's good and we're not talking about a temporary happiness that's associated with specific outcomes.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00085-00045566-00045860": "You know, oh, I'm happy because I got the raise,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00086-00045860-00046598": "or I'm happy because I found my soulmate or I'm happy because I won the lottery", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00087-00046608-00047100": "or, I'm happy because I finally got through the workbook lessons of A Course in Miracles.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00088-00047154-00047514": "Until the Guide says, \"now let's do it again.\"", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00089-00047544-00047738": "AAHHHHH!", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00090-00047742-00048050": "It's not a temporary kind of happiness.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00091-00048154-00048586": "It's not really aligned at all.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00092-00048660-00049316": "So really that's the thing and that's what I have enjoyed in just meeting with people,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00093-00049316-00049496": "when people invite me into their homes or", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00094-00049496-00049912": "say stay with me or travel with me or so and so forth.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00095-00049928-00050646": "It's a very joyful experience because there's no agenda with it", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00096-00050646-00051084": "You know, that's another thing, happy dream has absolutely no agenda.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00097-00051120-00051624": "I kind of use enlightenment as synonymous with the happy dream, in the sense that,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00098-00051634-00051986": "the Course even says that that is really the goal.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00099-00051986-00052184": "The goal is forgiveness.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00100-00052202-00052617": "And the abstraction of waking up is;", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00101-00052617-00053004": "you know, there is one part in the Course where it says, God will take the final step.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00102-00053005-00053640": "We make the mind ready by simply emptying the mind of everything that's not of God.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00103-00053640-00054546": "And, even though God doesn't really take steps, it's more like once we're just in the sustained state of happiness", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00104-00054546-00055117": "that the body and the world can be gently, GENTLY laid aside.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00105-00055158-00056286": "In fact, it really like that part in the Teachers Manual where it says that there are those who have laid the body down,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00106-00056290-00057102": "laid the body aside in order to, get this word, INCREASE their helpfulness.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00107-00057182-00057604": "Isn't that an interesting phrase in A Course in Miracles?", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00108-00057638-00058146": "\"There are those that have laid the body down in order to INCREASE their helpfulness.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00109-00058220-00058522": "Now, from the ego's perspective, it's like increase?", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00110-00058741-00059450": "Dead is not really, a dead inanimate body, you know it can't do a lot of speaking,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00111-00059450-00059782": "it can't do a lot of smiling, it can't do a lot of hugging.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00112-00059782-00060446": "You can see where the ego can come right in and say,  ohh, you made a transcription error there.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00113-00060528-00060686": "To increase.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00114-00060704-00061155": "And that's not to say that Jesus is encouraging suicide.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00115-00061229-00061902": "Because some of us have gone through and thought, what's the fastest shot here?", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00116-00061902-00062608": "This body thing, I'll get rid of this thing once and for all, I'll show it whose boss.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00117-00062608-00063074": "No, no. Eternal Life is not reached through death.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00118-00063084-00063390": "It's reached through resurrection of the mind.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00119-00063404-00063604": "It's reached through forgiveness.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00120-00063632-00064208": "So when He's saying, many are those who have laid the body aside to increase their helpfulness,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00121-00064224-00064467": "they're saying, there are those who have forgiven the world,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00122-00064484-00064944": "who have just gone into the glee and joy of the happy dream.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00123-00064964-00065412": "And then it SEEMED to cease in appearance.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00124-00065467-00065860": "But, it's not like anybody goes anywhere.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00125-00065860-00066666": "I mean, for years people have said, well you know, I gotta go give talks at Unity Churches and everything.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00126-00066666-00067058": "Like in the Unity Churches, when you go around, nobody talks about death or dying.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00127-00067058-00067354": "It's always making a transition.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00128-00067410-00067648": "Nobody, that's the buzz word, transition.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00129-00067666-00068382": "You get there, they're giving a eulogy, you don't come out hearing the \"dead\" word out here in California very often.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00130-00068400-00068938": "Passed, transitioned, you know something, but not DIED.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00131-00068938-00069174": "Nobody dies in California.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00132-00069174-00069560": "They make transitions, they pass.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00133-00069560-00069816": "But, where do they pass to?", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00134-00069820-00070120": "And, I used to say, where do they transition to?", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00135-00070124-00070424": "And then they would say, well, to the other side.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00136-00070424-00070730": "And I would say, how many sides are there in Unity?", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00137-00070730-00071068": "I'm in this Unity Church and you guys are still talking about going to the other side.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00138-00071070-00071230": "How many sides are there in Unity?", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00139-00071230-00071874": "So, you start to just pop all the assumptions and what you start to realize", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00140-00071874-00072648": "is it's just a perceptual dream, it's entirely in a quantum way", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00141-00072648-00073066": "it's entirely just a projection of consciousness of belief.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00142-00073066-00073778": "And when you let that consciousness be purified and released of judgement, that's what the happy dream is.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00143-00073902-00074404": "And because it's a quantum world, so to speak, it's a quantum universe", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00144-00074404-00075040": "that when YOU accept the happy dream, then that's the only dream that there is.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00145-00075064-00075744": "There's not concurrently a happy dream line and then below it an unhappy dream.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00146-00075744-00076128": "The unhappy dream was the misperception.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00147-00076152-00076784": "And the happy dream is what is the closest touchstone,", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00148-00076792-00077340": "the closest thing to like, Heaven and earth, the borderland, yeah.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00149-00077360-00077758": "Yeah, it's called the borderland too, as well.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00150-00077766-00078002": "And that's where this is unification.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00151-00078016-00078740": "It's so close to Heaven that your feet no longer touch the ground, so to speak.", "ceBQNC5GUDk-00152-00078760-00079122": "You're just like, carried in it, you're just lifted in it."}}, {"audio_id": "ceH69DKWojA", "text": {"ceH69DKWojA-00000-00000018-00000509": "what's happening people hi my name is Rainey I'm Ben we're the journals of Awakening", "ceH69DKWojA-00001-00000612-00001380": "today we're going to talk about something near and dear to me near and dear the throat chakra", "ceH69DKWojA-00002-00001380-00001770": "basically I mean how are we gonna talk about a throat chakra with a penis on the table", "ceH69DKWojA-00003-00002052-00002412": "I was gifted a mushroom Crystal it's blue", "ceH69DKWojA-00004-00002658-00003264": "my mind would completely blank adventuring let's do the thing we're gonna do the thing make sure", "ceH69DKWojA-00005-00003264-00004524": "it shows up oh here's the camera yeah okay it's a mushroom and it was given to me by my bosses", "ceH69DKWojA-00006-00004524-00005148": "which is where this conversation comes from all right the topic of the day growing up", "ceH69DKWojA-00007-00005232-00006012": "I had to go to court when I was in therapy like my whole life like court ordered and the one", "ceH69DKWojA-00008-00006012-00006834": "thing that you don't learn oddly enough is how to speak your truth you know and you think that they", "ceH69DKWojA-00009-00006834-00007404": "would push it on you speak your truth as in speak your mind as the feelings arise yeah like or after", "ceH69DKWojA-00010-00007404-00008076": "you think about it how you really feel what's really going on you're honest you know honest", "ceH69DKWojA-00011-00008076-00008808": "with yourself not your people-pleased version yes right and I just uh grew up learning how to people", "ceH69DKWojA-00012-00009114-00009636": "keep everyone happy I have a Libra moon my emotions I want everyone around me to", "ceH69DKWojA-00013-00009636-00010194": "be balanced and happy and good so that I mean our 10 year old does the same thing", "ceH69DKWojA-00014-00010194-00010626": "you know you want to keep everyone happy on either side because then there's no conflict", "ceH69DKWojA-00015-00010626-00011256": "you learn how to people please but when you grow up you have to learn how to not you know you have", "ceH69DKWojA-00016-00011256-00011766": "to advocate for yourself yeah otherwise you'd be stuck in a world of [__] you don't enjoy", "ceH69DKWojA-00017-00011766-00012522": "yeah yep and I think we're both pretty bad we're getting good yeah I think it's coming to surface", "ceH69DKWojA-00018-00012522-00013169": "lately it's like you know I think so too so I was told by my bosses something that upset me", "ceH69DKWojA-00019-00013236-00013866": "and they're not usually ones to upset me so it was something that I had to like ruminate", "ceH69DKWojA-00020-00013866-00014502": "in my brain for a couple of days and just let myself feel out the anger and decide that it", "ceH69DKWojA-00021-00014502-00014982": "was something I really needed to talk about even though what they were talking about wasn't going", "ceH69DKWojA-00022-00014982-00015702": "to happen for like 10 months nine months it was still something that had the potential yeah she", "ceH69DKWojA-00023-00015702-00016224": "was very upset yesterday yeah it was two days ago two days ago this is what I learned the first time", "ceH69DKWojA-00024-00016302-00017058": "and so then they brought me this from the Tucson gem show which is one of the biggest gem shows", "ceH69DKWojA-00025-00017058-00017526": "in the world and people come from everywhere to see it that was without knowing that she", "ceH69DKWojA-00026-00017526-00018270": "had some kind of a dilemma yeah yeah they just that was not born as uh we appreciate you and", "ceH69DKWojA-00027-00018270-00018768": "we thought of you when we were Crystal shopping right as you should I love crystals and mushrooms", "ceH69DKWojA-00028-00018846-00019620": "so uh in fact my boss actually gave me this necklace I'm wearing the wife boss and this", "ceH69DKWojA-00029-00019620-00020466": "mushroom and um then I realized that it's not fair to them or myself for me to not talk about", "ceH69DKWojA-00030-00020466-00021186": "what is going on you know I've been working there for like 15 months and I can't just keep everyone", "ceH69DKWojA-00031-00021186-00021888": "happy by making myself miserable by holding all this in by not asking for raises and you know", "ceH69DKWojA-00032-00021888-00022344": "time off and things like that yeah she doesn't do that because she loves her bosses too much", "ceH69DKWojA-00033-00022344-00022794": "yeah well I mean and there's got to be a balance you know what I mean like although it's like", "ceH69DKWojA-00034-00022794-00023490": "working for your family it's bad although I still didn't ask for like I mean okay when I when I had", "ceH69DKWojA-00035-00023490-00024276": "to talk to them about was something else and uh I'm not good at conversations like that so I like", "ceH69DKWojA-00036-00024348-00024792": "started to cry but like swallowed my tears yeah no I know the feeling and I kind of just choked", "ceH69DKWojA-00037-00024792-00025398": "in choked out what I could you know instead of like elongating the conversation I was just", "ceH69DKWojA-00038-00025398-00026004": "trying to get my point across that's a cool word but especially in reference to penises", "ceH69DKWojA-00039-00026238-00026760": "um I got my point across and then I let it you know settle because I couldn't talk about anything", "ceH69DKWojA-00040-00026760-00027558": "else after that but the point was I I don't necessarily I wasn't looking for a raise at this", "ceH69DKWojA-00041-00027558-00028200": "time and although I do want time off that wasn't necessarily what I was looking for at the moment", "ceH69DKWojA-00042-00028200-00028722": "either I was looking for this problem to be solved or for me to feel comfortable with the resolution", "ceH69DKWojA-00043-00028800-00029592": "for the future and that's what I got and I felt comfortable about it and uh but it led me to", "ceH69DKWojA-00044-00029592-00030389": "knowing that I could voice it my truth in the future always and be heard without backlash you", "ceH69DKWojA-00045-00030389-00031002": "know this just happened to me oh really you know about this with a dear friend of mine we would not", "ceH69DKWojA-00046-00031002-00031764": "call him out just happened when normally I would just swallow it try to look the other way you know", "ceH69DKWojA-00047-00031764-00032316": "try to just block everything out I handled it I approached my problem yeah and it turned out so", "ceH69DKWojA-00048-00032316-00032826": "much better that way exactly imagine if I would have just done the other thing yeah just let it", "ceH69DKWojA-00049-00032826-00033342": "sit and just get mad for no reason for literally no reason you know what I mean like oh that's", "ceH69DKWojA-00050-00033342-00033846": "totally true you have to face truth otherwise you live in a freaking light yeah and I like my", "ceH69DKWojA-00051-00033846-00034302": "job the goal wasn't to go to work miserable or wish I wasn't there because I was like", "ceH69DKWojA-00052-00034302-00035064": "that was almost where I was feeling I was like I should just leave it's like I forget the problem", "ceH69DKWojA-00053-00035064-00035694": "well we're in a small enough town to wear um you know things go bad at a job the whole town knows", "ceH69DKWojA-00054-00035694-00036510": "so so I it's time to move I saw my opportunity and it was a busy day today but they walked or", "ceH69DKWojA-00055-00036510-00037098": "everyone walked outside and I said so I kind of got to talk to you both about my feelings", "ceH69DKWojA-00056-00037098-00037806": "that's how I started it today I feel yeah that's my thing my female boss and was like what do you", "ceH69DKWojA-00057-00037806-00038784": "mean I was like okay you know and I just laid it out on the table and he was like oh god oh let", "ceH69DKWojA-00058-00038784-00039468": "me yeah and then it was just yeah yeah we talked a little bit yeah yeah it felt good because it's", "ceH69DKWojA-00059-00039468-00040086": "easy to be misunderstood or misunderstand you know yeah exactly but what's not easy is talking", "ceH69DKWojA-00060-00040086-00040698": "about it and uh especially for me I'm so bad at talking about things I actually I had a dream", "ceH69DKWojA-00061-00040860-00041610": "about that one person that was last week by the way what MLK day", "ceH69DKWojA-00062-00041610-00042702": "it's so funny though um okay so you know that one girl that you know", "ceH69DKWojA-00063-00042756-00043314": "although it makes sense that we were friends she's just a little you know my Virgo the Virgo girl", "ceH69DKWojA-00064-00043446-00044256": "um yeah so I had a dream about her that I went up to her and put my grievances out there", "ceH69DKWojA-00065-00044346-00045018": "yeah and in my dream I bet it would go well in my dream yeah she was like I'm thinking", "ceH69DKWojA-00066-00045018-00045420": "about the scenario yeah she was like well we should have been talking about this yeah", "ceH69DKWojA-00067-00045420-00045948": "I feel like when we met we were under this where we both had to make each other like", "ceH69DKWojA-00068-00045948-00046440": "each other so he was like people pleasing each other that's the same thing with my own mother", "ceH69DKWojA-00069-00047034-00047460": "mother maybe but I could just show up at their house yeah it's true they just don't give it", "ceH69DKWojA-00070-00047460-00048018": "a second they don't it's just it doesn't click you know they think that what do you", "ceH69DKWojA-00071-00048018-00048648": "mean you're wrong that's not how it goes you know right I never did that yeah but there's", "ceH69DKWojA-00072-00048648-00049344": "no time to be in denial this girl it would make sense that we were friends but I feel", "ceH69DKWojA-00073-00049344-00049884": "like there was just so much pressure to people please each other and even", "ceH69DKWojA-00074-00049884-00050466": "though and then I realized in that dream that everything that I can't stand about her is like", "ceH69DKWojA-00075-00050520-00051258": "pure projection like the neighbor's car sorry guys I can't stand it pure projection", "ceH69DKWojA-00076-00051258-00052332": "I one of the things I can't I don't can't stand about her is her trauma and I realize that that's", "ceH69DKWojA-00077-00052332-00052914": "like it's just the word trauma that makes it frustrating you know everyone's growing up in", "ceH69DKWojA-00078-00052914-00053555": "a way that's gonna shape them in the future yeah and to me I'm just like so insulted by", "ceH69DKWojA-00079-00053555-00054060": "what she thinks is trauma versus what I do and that's obviously that's wrong my problem yeah", "ceH69DKWojA-00080-00054138-00054912": "yeah I'm offended that you know I should be happy that she gotta grow up you know with parents and", "ceH69DKWojA-00081-00054912-00055638": "love and she lives in a house it's good for her you know yeah but instead I just don't", "ceH69DKWojA-00082-00055638-00056267": "feel that way I'm like and I just um I would after that dream happened and I've had like a", "ceH69DKWojA-00083-00056267-00056634": "week to think about it you know I would like to be able to sit down with her and talk about that", "ceH69DKWojA-00084-00056634-00057534": "and me I prefer not having anyone else to think about yeah I know I prefer just my house", "ceH69DKWojA-00085-00057605-00058134": "my kids would be nice maybe that's what it is I just I got like a void I can't even imagine", "ceH69DKWojA-00086-00058134-00058776": "showing love to something else you know what I mean or maybe it's uh I mean yes that's definitely", "ceH69DKWojA-00087-00058776-00059388": "a theory but what if it's because something might happen that you might have to talk about", "ceH69DKWojA-00088-00059388-00060078": "what if you just uh what do you mean so you know how you the same girl her boyfriend you were", "ceH69DKWojA-00089-00060078-00060690": "considering fiance we're gonna start a business right nobody cares about the fiance word I", "ceH69DKWojA-00090-00060690-00062244": "just like boasting on people yeah I think it's for being proud of yourself being a", "ceH69DKWojA-00091-00062244-00062688": "grown-up kind of thing yeah like it's part of this yeah like a step where you feel like you", "ceH69DKWojA-00092-00062688-00063191": "have to do it you have to say you have a fiance because that's like look at me I yeah exactly", "ceH69DKWojA-00093-00063246-00063966": "and let's see taking it personally is projection and um but what if you're so when you're going to", "ceH69DKWojA-00094-00063966-00064338": "start a business and all this stuff happening that you weren't okay with and you felt uncomfortable", "ceH69DKWojA-00095-00064338-00064955": "that you you talked about some of it but a lot of just because she stuck her toes in there and I I'm", "ceH69DKWojA-00096-00064955-00065448": "no I'm not talking about her okay I'm talking about him so he was doing the same thing you", "ceH69DKWojA-00097-00065448-00065934": "know but he was trying to set this up and you wanted to go along with it but at the same time", "ceH69DKWojA-00098-00065934-00066450": "you really didn't want to commit to anything but he wanted to start his thing yeah and you didn't", "ceH69DKWojA-00099-00066450-00066882": "want to talk to him about it because it's hard to speak your truth you have no idea how many people", "ceH69DKWojA-00100-00066882-00067464": "have asked me to start a business with them yeah it's ridiculous I don't want to be in business", "ceH69DKWojA-00101-00067464-00068118": "with anybody but I just think that speaking your truth and having a grown-up conversation", "ceH69DKWojA-00102-00068178-00068832": "is [__] hard it's really hard because when you put yourself out there and", "ceH69DKWojA-00103-00068886-00069438": "humans are so unpredictable you never know how anybody's gonna react I feel like nine times", "ceH69DKWojA-00104-00069438-00070152": "out of ten no it's gonna be cordial you know it's not going to be violent and I'm just gonna try to", "ceH69DKWojA-00105-00070152-00070722": "karate chop you because you talk to them you know like I hear you so picture little rainy", "ceH69DKWojA-00106-00070722-00071256": "trying to speak her truth and getting yelled at by both parents in a courtroom you know it's like", "ceH69DKWojA-00107-00071346-00071790": "well that's the system they [__] you yeah maybe that's just my dreams", "ceH69DKWojA-00108-00072456-00073110": "of course uh just a group of humans judging and deciding for another group of humans it makes no", "ceH69DKWojA-00109-00073110-00073782": "goddamn sense to me yeah it's uh absolutely not uh we're going down a whole rabbit hole that's", "ceH69DKWojA-00110-00073782-00074298": "the point oh Oh you mean like court and stuff yeah but I mean I just really think it [__]", "ceH69DKWojA-00111-00074298-00074856": "me up as a person you know going to therapy and all this [__] when I was in high school", "ceH69DKWojA-00112-00074856-00075360": "my American lit teacher told me I couldn't miss Mondays because of how important they were and", "ceH69DKWojA-00113-00075360-00075894": "when I was missing Mondays to go to therapy every Monday and in therapy I was being forced to see my", "ceH69DKWojA-00114-00075894-00076404": "dad when I didn't want to I was a therapist I hated you know it was all this [__] and", "ceH69DKWojA-00115-00076404-00077082": "he's telling me I can't miss Mondays I got all this other [__] going on I told him I am sorry", "ceH69DKWojA-00116-00077082-00077592": "I can't change the day instead of telling him my life is [__] up and you just better help me out", "ceH69DKWojA-00117-00077592-00078030": "on the side you know or I'll burn your house down that's what I would have said I would have been", "ceH69DKWojA-00118-00078030-00078612": "[__] mad dude that's how I thought and obviously because I've never forgotten about it I was mad", "ceH69DKWojA-00119-00078792-00079356": "I had class with him every day it was just Monday and uh", "ceH69DKWojA-00120-00079428-00080130": "my feelings were hurt because he had no [__] clue but I told him I'm not really a privileged", "ceH69DKWojA-00121-00080130-00080712": "man yeah no he is definitely I did tell him I had therapy every Monday and he told me I I needed to", "ceH69DKWojA-00122-00080712-00081258": "change it and I'm just like yeah so I was just mad hey let me rewrite my life for yourself yeah", "ceH69DKWojA-00123-00081258-00081864": "stupid ass job hold on but I wish I could have said I got a lot going on this is court ordered", "ceH69DKWojA-00124-00081864-00082446": "and I don't have a choice you know but I didn't I just wanted him to the conversation to end you", "ceH69DKWojA-00125-00082446-00083172": "know I wanted to be so did he ever figure it out no wow so you just lived in hell for not facing", "ceH69DKWojA-00126-00083280-00083664": "confronting I lived in hell my whole high school because nobody knew", "ceH69DKWojA-00127-00084078-00084468": "s because I didn't think it mattered you know everyone's got their [__] outside of school", "ceH69DKWojA-00128-00084546-00085104": "but yeah that's how I thought yeah yeah every everybody's going through some [__] and", "ceH69DKWojA-00129-00085104-00085662": "everyone's got their [__] so why do I need to talk about mine and but really mine was absolutely", "ceH69DKWojA-00130-00085662-00086076": "ruining my life absolutely and I couldn't reach out to anyone you know I started doing drugs and", "ceH69DKWojA-00131-00086076-00086508": "they drug tested me no one wanted to know why I was doing them they just wanted me to not do", "ceH69DKWojA-00132-00086508-00087024": "them you know and it was that's what's cool about mining your story is they're so different yet so", "ceH69DKWojA-00133-00087024-00087690": "the same yeah it's like the same outcome shelter your child put them through the system there you", "ceH69DKWojA-00134-00087690-00088242": "are you know what I mean don't watch your child [__] the system here I am you know we're like", "ceH69DKWojA-00135-00088242-00088944": "the same person because I never really talked to you about that dream and I felt like it was", "ceH69DKWojA-00136-00088944-00089598": "a whole conversation I had with myself I've always wanted to be good friends with her but I keep my", "ceH69DKWojA-00137-00089598-00090180": "[__] down you know I I don't talk about that I just people please you can't do it through text no", "ceH69DKWojA-00138-00090180-00090738": "no it'd be like why don't you come get coffee and so because I I want like more like a phone call", "ceH69DKWojA-00139-00090966-00091386": "like a normal phone call how would you feel that someone wanted to phone call you and talk about it", "ceH69DKWojA-00140-00091482-00091986": "I talked I would listen really I'm a good listener yeah I love to listen somebody has something good", "ceH69DKWojA-00141-00091986-00092502": "to say I'm gonna listen maybe I should just get balls one day and FaceTime no see that's where", "ceH69DKWojA-00142-00092502-00093126": "the pressure lies yeah because then you gotta hide your facial expressions and not chuckle you know", "ceH69DKWojA-00143-00093276-00094038": "awkward yeah um yeah that's totally true just a good old phone call I mean it's a", "ceH69DKWojA-00144-00094038-00094662": "small enough Tower you could just go and say hi but that's awkward we're in an age where", "ceH69DKWojA-00145-00094662-00095058": "you don't have to do that especially because you know they're expecting a child and that's", "ceH69DKWojA-00146-00095574-00096012": "and it's not because she's expecting a child they're giving out so much information she's", "ceH69DKWojA-00147-00096012-00096492": "definitely if she ever hears us she knows who she is that's okay okay I know they", "ceH69DKWojA-00148-00096492-00097158": "don't listen to it yeah yeah they don't care it's pretty crazy actually guys we gave all of", "ceH69DKWojA-00149-00097158-00097734": "our relatives a business card not one of them do you listen podcast nope but I watch YouTube", "ceH69DKWojA-00150-00097812-00098262": "I love comedy people just don't listen to podcasts so they're not going to go out of", "ceH69DKWojA-00151-00098262-00099066": "their way to listen to that's fair I guess but I mean hit the Subscribe button please", "ceH69DKWojA-00152-00099510-00100134": "um that's just me I'm although having a child is wonderful I don't actually care about all that", "ceH69DKWojA-00153-00100134-00100686": "babies are boring I I mean I love babies it's so cute and you just want to squeeze your cheeks but", "ceH69DKWojA-00154-00100686-00101286": "like they don't do anything you know so it's when people I know have babies I'm like oh look at the", "ceH69DKWojA-00155-00101286-00101736": "baby maybe but that's it you can't like no you don't you go babe we should have another one", "ceH69DKWojA-00156-00101790-00102180": "that's what she does every time she sees it because they turned into that yeah", "ceH69DKWojA-00157-00102336-00102894": "but I like that you know it's just uh it's not forever yeah watching a person how do", "ceH69DKWojA-00158-00102894-00103548": "you develop is thrilling yeah for those of you that don't have kids uh get a kitten", "ceH69DKWojA-00159-00103548-00103998": "and a week later it'll be a cat and that's how childhood that's how childhood it is", "ceH69DKWojA-00160-00104190-00104670": "um enjoy it while it lasts I'll say for Ben it was a little different he worked", "ceH69DKWojA-00161-00104670-00105216": "overnight a lot for like the first year yeah I feel like you really missed out on watching", "ceH69DKWojA-00162-00105216-00105774": "the baby develop like like obviously I know baby three yeah yeah for you for her it was", "ceH69DKWojA-00163-00105774-00106230": "baby one for me it was baby three so it's a little different but yeah I did I worked", "ceH69DKWojA-00164-00106230-00106920": "overnight security Top Flight only a handful of people will understand that reference Top Flight", "ceH69DKWojA-00165-00107040-00107856": "top fight security the world Craig that's just the city the world me Security in the world Craig", "ceH69DKWojA-00166-00107928-00108774": "but yeah your other close friend in town yeah when you were telling him that you quit cigarettes the", "ceH69DKWojA-00167-00108774-00109182": "first time you hung out you know yeah you spoke your truth you're like listening and", "ceH69DKWojA-00168-00109182-00109572": "it wasn't easy no of course this is why it's been so long he's the one that got me smoking", "ceH69DKWojA-00169-00109572-00110322": "yeah and we told him for real why you hadn't been around you know and yes I did because I", "ceH69DKWojA-00170-00110322-00110850": "hadn't seen him in like three months yeah and it went well it did it was like I'm really glad", "ceH69DKWojA-00171-00110850-00111228": "you told me yeah that probably made him feel better knowing that I didn't just ghost him", "ceH69DKWojA-00172-00111228-00111983": "I was just kind of protecting myself and uh yeah I just speaking your truth is important you know", "ceH69DKWojA-00173-00112050-00112764": "that's why you know I made plans for a couple days from now and I came home and I was like how", "ceH69DKWojA-00174-00112764-00113411": "am I gonna tell him and I was like yeah just gonna tell him I made them because I felt like this was", "ceH69DKWojA-00175-00113411-00114078": "generally genuinely something that really excited me you know and they yeah and it's during my life", "ceH69DKWojA-00176-00114078-00114678": "anyways yeah and I was like you know it's it sounds like a lot of fun so I'm really trying to", "ceH69DKWojA-00177-00114678-00115506": "be able to advocate for myself and do the things I want to do while being honest and that's so", "ceH69DKWojA-00178-00115506-00116226": "hard she's giving you a ride right yeah I'm just worried about the car I was like a lot of Hills so", "ceH69DKWojA-00179-00116226-00117059": "she gonna pick me up okay but I um I it's so hard for me to be able to talk about what I need and I", "ceH69DKWojA-00180-00117059-00117582": "think that reading's helping me a lot I'm reading books about a lot of strong women yeah and I think", "ceH69DKWojA-00181-00117582-00118176": "you're really learning uh you probably have a huge vocabulary but I think reading reintroduces those", "ceH69DKWojA-00182-00118176-00118644": "words and you're able to better explain things yeah you're right I've noticed better be able", "ceH69DKWojA-00183-00118746-00119250": "eight words and right to phrase them like I wish I could smart because I would definitely talk", "ceH69DKWojA-00184-00119250-00120072": "better you know what I mean I wish I could smart so I could word better word better", "ceH69DKWojA-00185-00120204-00121158": "more eloquently well wellered I would like to I would like to word Weller yeah more well so this", "ceH69DKWojA-00186-00121158-00121698": "one first I put this necklace on that she gave me and this is kyanite that's also from your", "ceH69DKWojA-00187-00121698-00122111": "boss yes wow that's what I said at the beginning of the I guess I missed that I thought you were", "ceH69DKWojA-00188-00122111-00122724": "talking about the penis and the mushroom and this so kyanite is also for your throat chakra", "ceH69DKWojA-00189-00122724-00123209": "to help you speak your truth so I wasn't sure if I was going to put it on then I was like", "ceH69DKWojA-00190-00123209-00123768": "what if I get the balls so I put it on and then I forgot it was on when I decided I had", "ceH69DKWojA-00191-00123768-00124572": "the balls you know believe in crystals because subconsciously my brain was like in tune with the", "ceH69DKWojA-00192-00124572-00125064": "energy you know it's like you're gonna speak your truth today because you deserve it I do believe in", "ceH69DKWojA-00193-00125064-00125598": "crystals I do believe in crystals I do believe in Crystal I do believe in crystals because", "ceH69DKWojA-00194-00125598-00126306": "people say otherwise the crystal dies somewhere everybody and on that note we thank you peace"}}, {"audio_id": "cf3ub27FAYM", "text": {"cf3ub27FAYM-00000-00000000-00000562": "Space is water", "cf3ub27FAYM-00001-00000638-00001109": "it seems to me that one of the greatest secrets that has been kept from us and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00002-00001109-00001659": "yet given to us by NASA themselves for the last three or four decades they", "cf3ub27FAYM-00003-00001659-00002142": "constantly tell us that there's water everywhere in space but that's not what", "cf3ub27FAYM-00004-00002142-00002477": "we perceive right if I told you there's water in space everywhere you tell", "cf3ub27FAYM-00005-00002477-00002918": "you're an idiot spaces a vacuum we know space as a vacuum there's nothing there", "cf3ub27FAYM-00006-00002918-00003761": "and yet that's not the case when you start researching space and water it", "cf3ub27FAYM-00007-00003761-00004320": "becomes mind-blowing article after article after article after press", "cf3ub27FAYM-00008-00004320-00004884": "release and press release about water in space in amounts that are completely", "cf3ub27FAYM-00009-00004884-00005712": "mind-blowing ocean world's water in the solar system and beyond in 2009 NASA", "cf3ub27FAYM-00010-00005712-00006252": "found a sprawling cloud of cold water vapor around a solar system two nearby", "cf3ub27FAYM-00011-00006252-00006779": "star the water vapor could eventually deliver oceans to dry planets that are", "cf3ub27FAYM-00012-00006779-00007284": "forming in the system its water vapor it's not water in some weird thing its", "cf3ub27FAYM-00013-00007284-00007722": "water vapor they're talking about here could eventually bring oceans to new", "cf3ub27FAYM-00014-00007722-00008274": "planets forming this is just a little disturbing and it's just hold on to your", "cf3ub27FAYM-00015-00008274-00008949": "faith the famous eye of God nebula actually weeping tears of water Wow so", "cf3ub27FAYM-00016-00008949-00009336": "there's water coming out of this nebula this is not just a solar system this is", "cf3ub27FAYM-00017-00009336-00009975": "a nebula this is a place where galaxies are born stars and galaxies are born in", "cf3ub27FAYM-00018-00009975-00010500": "a nebula and water is coming out of this can you imagine the size of the water", "cf3ub27FAYM-00019-00010500-00011039": "that's coming out of a nebula it's like one drop of that will engulf our entire", "cf3ub27FAYM-00020-00011039-00011293": "solar system", "cf3ub27FAYM-00021-00011344-00012034": "and it just goes on you know oceans detected and inside Saturn's moon and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00022-00012034-00012478": "stars found shooting water bullets NASA confirms best ever evidence water on", "cf3ub27FAYM-00023-00012478-00012952": "Mars water from Orion now there's water coming out of the constellation of Orion", "cf3ub27FAYM-00024-00012952-00013588": "and this is a big one star found shooting water bullets I mean a star", "cf3ub27FAYM-00025-00013588-00013996": "shooting water blasts the star is supposed to be a Sun there's water on a", "cf3ub27FAYM-00026-00013996-00015058": "star I challenge you after this this evening go to the pub tomorrow strike up", "cf3ub27FAYM-00027-00015058-00015355": "a conversation with somebody and tell them did you know that this water on the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00028-00015355-00015966": "Sun what do you think they're gonna tell you you're a freakin idiot they don't", "cf3ub27FAYM-00029-00015966-00016552": "have enough information so it's that we get into this point now that you can't", "cf3ub27FAYM-00030-00016552-00016957": "have a discussion with somebody about any subject unless they have sufficient", "cf3ub27FAYM-00031-00016957-00017290": "amount of information because I'll constantly block it block you tell you", "cf3ub27FAYM-00032-00017290-00017908": "you're stupid and so forth so it's tricky and we have to navigate this", "cf3ub27FAYM-00033-00017908-00018490": "river of discussion and debate very gently and very carefully because we're", "cf3ub27FAYM-00034-00018490-00018976": "going to lose friends and families and break up partnerships because of new", "cf3ub27FAYM-00035-00018976-00019713": "knowledge and information that some of us embrace and others discard as BS so", "cf3ub27FAYM-00036-00019713-00020295": "then they do a study nicer and they say basically all stars have water this is", "cf3ub27FAYM-00037-00020295-00020740": "the conclusion I'm not gonna read the fine print you can do this yourself all", "cf3ub27FAYM-00038-00020740-00021247": "stars have water that's the conclusion and still a sprinklin nourishes galactic", "cf3ub27FAYM-00039-00021247-00021691": "garden Wow I didn't realize it was a garden out there in the cosmos being", "cf3ub27FAYM-00040-00021691-00022063": "watered by some still a sprinkler this lovely I'd love to see this garden", "cf3ub27FAYM-00041-00022063-00022666": "wonder how big those plants are did man well this is like bigger than the tree", "cf3ub27FAYM-00042-00022666-00023515": "and on Pandora and and then water on the Sun standard University tells us that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00043-00023515-00023955": "there's water on the Sun and even better a more appropriately named University", "cf3ub27FAYM-00044-00023955-00024524": "Waterloo University tells us that there's water on the Sun", "cf3ub27FAYM-00045-00024524-00024854": "and I'm going to leave this here because you need to go and do some your of your", "cf3ub27FAYM-00046-00024854-00025541": "own researcher it seems to me that the universe and the water are the same", "cf3ub27FAYM-00047-00025541-00026138": "thing on the left is one of those deep space images of the universe on the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00048-00026138-00026752": "right is a picture of a swimming pool and I think you start seeing what's", "cf3ub27FAYM-00049-00026752-00027313": "going on here and the lies and the deceptions are getting bigger and bigger", "cf3ub27FAYM-00050-00027313-00027749": "also keep in mind that many of the images that we get shown by NASA come", "cf3ub27FAYM-00051-00027749-00028244": "from radio telescopes not from optical telescopes with actually photograph an", "cf3ub27FAYM-00052-00028244-00028682": "object it's a radio telescope that brings radio signals and then they", "cf3ub27FAYM-00053-00028682-00029116": "convert those into beautiful images through NASA's artistic impression", "cf3ub27FAYM-00054-00029116-00029695": "graphic designers alright so these are often you don't see pictures these are", "cf3ub27FAYM-00055-00029695-00030455": "radio telescopes I entire our own very a very own solar system is completely", "cf3ub27FAYM-00056-00030455-00030893": "surrounded by water they tell us it's ice but can we believe them is it ice or", "cf3ub27FAYM-00057-00030893-00031226": "is it water like water vapor like that other thing I don't know what we call it", "cf3ub27FAYM-00058-00031226-00031799": "the Kuiper belt it's a belt in a disc that surrounds the outer perimeter of", "cf3ub27FAYM-00059-00031799-00032306": "the disc of our own solar system our solar system is a disk keep that in mind", "cf3ub27FAYM-00060-00032306-00032846": "I'm gonna come back to this so is the Cape about this huge amount of ice right", "cf3ub27FAYM-00061-00032846-00033404": "and that that whole thing is now completely engulfed by more water called", "cf3ub27FAYM-00062-00033404-00034016": "the Oort cloud that completely engulfs my entire solar system it looks", "cf3ub27FAYM-00063-00034016-00034781": "something like that so suddenly our own solar system is made", "cf3ub27FAYM-00064-00034781-00035360": "up of water surrounded by water and yet they're supposed to be vacuum in space", "cf3ub27FAYM-00065-00035360-00035783": "how does this work where does that vacuum in the water how does that break", "cf3ub27FAYM-00066-00035783-00036179": "up how does it work where does the water go where does the vacuum begin or end", "cf3ub27FAYM-00067-00036179-00036668": "and it's it's a little confusing for me but and we know that there's water in", "cf3ub27FAYM-00068-00036668-00037085": "space because they keep telling us there's water in space so suddenly the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00069-00037085-00037412": "Bible makes a lot more sense to me because I've always had a problem with", "cf3ub27FAYM-00070-00037412-00037668": "one of those statements in the opening four", "cf3ub27FAYM-00071-00037668-00038303": "the Bible when the Spirit of God moved over the waters how can the Spirit of", "cf3ub27FAYM-00072-00038303-00038675": "God move over the waters when nothing has been created yet surely water should", "cf3ub27FAYM-00073-00038675-00039216": "be part of the creation and I'm starting to see now why water is so sacred is it", "cf3ub27FAYM-00074-00039216-00039630": "possible that water is so sacred because water is actually foundation of all", "cf3ub27FAYM-00075-00039630-00040094": "creation or is connected to all creation well if you look at chemistry it seems", "cf3ub27FAYM-00076-00040094-00040497": "like it because between oxygen and hydrogen you've pretty much the same but", "cf3ub27FAYM-00077-00040497-00040997": "got the same elements in every other chemical reaction or chemical formula", "cf3ub27FAYM-00078-00040997-00041438": "hydrogen and oxygen are part of pretty much everything you cannot separate it", "cf3ub27FAYM-00079-00041438-00041988": "hydrogen oxygen make water so it starts to get a really interesting and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00080-00041988-00042543": "compelling to think that water is actually made up of space and God said", "cf3ub27FAYM-00081-00042543-00043137": "let there be light so the Spirit of God is moving across the waters and that's", "cf3ub27FAYM-00082-00043137-00043844": "the sound of the Creator that makes the light how does that work well in modern", "cf3ub27FAYM-00083-00043844-00044334": "science it's known as sonoluminescence when you put a sound frequency into a", "cf3ub27FAYM-00084-00044334-00044802": "body of water after a little while a beautiful bubble appears filled with", "cf3ub27FAYM-00085-00044802-00045494": "light sound in water sonoluminescence God said let there be light is it", "cf3ub27FAYM-00086-00045494-00045846": "possible that water is the stuff that holds the universe together I'm", "cf3ub27FAYM-00087-00045846-00046413": "beginning to believe that I'm no longer believing the lies of NASA and they're", "cf3ub27FAYM-00088-00046413-00047031": "fakes CGI images that they send us and give us sorry in 2013 astronaut Luca", "cf3ub27FAYM-00089-00047031-00047634": "parmitano almost drowned on a spacewalk how does it how does astronaut almost", "cf3ub27FAYM-00090-00047634-00048111": "drown in a spacewalk and they covered it up by putting out a press release as", "cf3ub27FAYM-00091-00048111-00048618": "ayats they always have a backdoor they always have a back door out but if space", "cf3ub27FAYM-00092-00048618-00049197": "is water whereas a watery space begin whereas the edge well if we start", "cf3ub27FAYM-00093-00049197-00049593": "listening to what the Bible tells us in some ancient scriptures maybe we should", "cf3ub27FAYM-00094-00049593-00049962": "listen to all of it it says God place the firmament in the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00095-00049962-00050369": "sky to separate the waters of the heavens from the waters below no idea", "cf3ub27FAYM-00096-00050369-00050745": "what that means but I'm starting to get an interesting picture and then how did", "cf3ub27FAYM-00097-00050745-00051194": "God create the flood God opened the gates of heaven to let", "cf3ub27FAYM-00098-00051194-00051596": "the water pour in on the earth okay now I'm starting to see how you can", "cf3ub27FAYM-00099-00051596-00052354": "create a flood if water space is water excited to make more sense and then", "cf3ub27FAYM-00100-00052354-00052891": "suddenly vacuum just becomes a myth and not a scientific fact because the simple", "cf3ub27FAYM-00101-00052891-00053426": "basic physics of a vacuum and spaces just doesn't work for any scientists", "cf3ub27FAYM-00102-00053426-00054032": "that actually just think about this or physicist the the whole thing of vacuum", "cf3ub27FAYM-00103-00054032-00054566": "and space is just not compatible with any kind of physics formula or physics", "cf3ub27FAYM-00104-00054566-00054991": "that we can put to it where does the vacuum begin vacuum is one of the most", "cf3ub27FAYM-00105-00054991-00055465": "powerful forces of nature where does that vacuum begin", "cf3ub27FAYM-00106-00055465-00055910": "we often get confused between gravity free and vacuum they're not the same", "cf3ub27FAYM-00107-00055910-00056216": "thing just because there's no gravity doesn't mean you're in a vacuum and just", "cf3ub27FAYM-00108-00056216-00056527": "because you're in a vacuum doesn't mean there's no gravity the two are not the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00109-00056527-00057032": "same thing so that I'll get confused by vacuum and gravity free what you can't", "cf3ub27FAYM-00110-00057032-00057515": "do in space or in a vacuum what you can't do an infinite vacuum is you can't", "cf3ub27FAYM-00111-00057515-00058040": "propel sound you can't have explosions fire propulsion jet engines rockets none", "cf3ub27FAYM-00112-00058040-00058637": "of this stuff shhh can't do that because there's nothing to propel against and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00113-00058637-00058966": "then these guys on YouTube that make these vacuum tubes I go look I'll create", "cf3ub27FAYM-00114-00058966-00059399": "a vacuum tube in my garage I'll show you that you can propel a rocket in a vacuum", "cf3ub27FAYM-00115-00059399-00059819": "I'll go really you've lost your brain you're comparing a fishbowl in your", "cf3ub27FAYM-00116-00059819-00060445": "garage to the infinite vacuum of space you really lost your mind dude and and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00117-00060445-00060785": "then you start watching like SpaceX sending a rocket up into space and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00118-00060785-00061241": "they're very well trained presenter that's got all the buzzwords you know as", "cf3ub27FAYM-00119-00061241-00061642": "all the lingo and all the buzzwords and at one stage I was watching and she says", "cf3ub27FAYM-00120-00061642-00062507": "and the rocket is about to enter the vacuum of space oh really and millions", "cf3ub27FAYM-00121-00062507-00062866": "of people are watching this and they believe this you see they just oh the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00122-00062866-00063404": "rocket just went up the vacuum of space where huh how did it where please", "cf3ub27FAYM-00123-00063404-00064057": "freaking explain it to me in scientific terms or in BS terms or you won't", "cf3ub27FAYM-00124-00064057-00064322": "understand it no please try me I want to understand this", "cf3ub27FAYM-00125-00064322-00064916": "explain to me where that vacuum begins and we start realizing that everything", "cf3ub27FAYM-00126-00064916-00065407": "we've been told about the moon moon landing space is probably one of those", "cf3ub27FAYM-00127-00065407-00066080": "big hoaxes it is a tough one to swallow but we're gonna have to start swallowing", "cf3ub27FAYM-00128-00066080-00066526": "it sooner than later sooner they the longer they string us along the longer", "cf3ub27FAYM-00129-00066526-00067124": "this is the worse this is gonna get so for those of you that still believe that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00130-00067124-00067738": "we landed on the moon I'm going to shatter that for you right now if you've", "cf3ub27FAYM-00131-00067738-00068131": "not seen Jay wideness Kubrick Odyssey that's the first point of departure", "cf3ub27FAYM-00132-00068131-00068612": "watch Jay Vardhan is kubrick odyssey and you will never believe another word NASA", "cf3ub27FAYM-00133-00068612-00068936": "tells you you'll never ever believe that we landed on the moon and you'll", "cf3ub27FAYM-00134-00068936-00069508": "understand Stanley Kubrick's role in this entire thing and why he eventually", "cf3ub27FAYM-00135-00069508-00070018": "died when he pushed it a bit too far with eyes wide shut but basically", "cf3ub27FAYM-00136-00070018-00070412": "everything you've ever seen from the moon all the images of footage of the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00137-00070412-00070817": "astronauts was shot by Stanley Kubrick in the early days I'm not sure who shot", "cf3ub27FAYM-00138-00070817-00071417": "the more letter possibly him as well but the earliest moon landings and all that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00139-00071417-00072151": "shot by by Sandy Kubrick with his very very specific style of cinematography", "cf3ub27FAYM-00140-00072151-00072694": "it's a dead giveaway and that gave him basically the freedom to make whatever", "cf3ub27FAYM-00141-00072694-00073148": "movies he wanted he then made a movie called The Shining to tell us that he", "cf3ub27FAYM-00142-00073148-00073618": "was the guy that shot the moon landings and for some people that still think the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00143-00073618-00074072": "moon is as a real physical thing in the sky that we landed on this physical", "cf3ub27FAYM-00144-00074072-00074543": "object in the sky the image of the moon that we see from Earth as part of the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00145-00074543-00075035": "agenda as part of the particle physics agenda that I'm coming to to make us", "cf3ub27FAYM-00146-00075035-00075824": "believe of particles that make up everything in creation and we need to", "cf3ub27FAYM-00147-00075824-00076393": "reconsider what the moon is because after you've seen the lunar wave you'll", "cf3ub27FAYM-00148-00076393-00076843": "never think of the moon the same way again and this is what the lunar wave is", "cf3ub27FAYM-00149-00076843-00077423": "the first one was filmed in 2012 and it's this weird electronic glitch that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00150-00077423-00077870": "goes across the moon every so often it's been filled hundreds", "cf3ub27FAYM-00151-00077870-00078293": "of times now not just by one person but by many other photographers with very", "cf3ub27FAYM-00152-00078293-00078776": "high definition lenses and pay attention because it's like the old computer and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00153-00078776-00079145": "TV screens you see this line this electronic line and move across the moon", "cf3ub27FAYM-00154-00079145-00079655": "follows the edges the contours and the line moves from bottom to top from side", "cf3ub27FAYM-00155-00079655-00080030": "from left to right moves in all different directions this has become", "cf3ub27FAYM-00156-00080030-00080453": "known as the lunar wave which gives us a very clear indication that the moon is", "cf3ub27FAYM-00157-00080453-00081013": "not what we think it is and it's most likely a hologram", "cf3ub27FAYM-00158-00083161-00083753": "all right welcome to the crow discovery project again this is the 2012 lunar", "cf3ub27FAYM-00159-00083753-00084134": "wave footage the best example of the lunar wave that we have and I'm gonna", "cf3ub27FAYM-00160-00084134-00084710": "show you some things that sharp-eyed fall spotted long long ago and that I", "cf3ub27FAYM-00161-00084710-00085163": "have talked about but I have never taken the time to carefully illustrate and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00162-00085163-00085789": "what I'm gonna show you here means an awful lot but I'm also going to show the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00163-00085789-00086318": "pulses that happen in the lower left limb of the Moon so watch the lower left", "cf3ub27FAYM-00164-00086318-00086873": "there and I'm just gonna run a straight slowed down view 30% if you've got sharp", "cf3ub27FAYM-00165-00086873-00087317": "eyes you'll see what we detected on a 60-inch monitor now look inside the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00166-00087317-00087755": "circle there's a pulse that goes from lower left to upper right and in the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00167-00087755-00088220": "next circle the yellow one there's a lateral sweep that goes from left to", "cf3ub27FAYM-00168-00088220-00088634": "right straight across the screen and this is all going on as the wave is", "cf3ub27FAYM-00169-00088634-00089195": "starting at the bottom so now look at the pulses backwards and forwards that's", "cf3ub27FAYM-00170-00089195-00089450": "backwards this is forwards coming from the lower", "cf3ub27FAYM-00171-00089450-00089891": "left limb of the Moon you can see the pulses now that I've put filters on them", "cf3ub27FAYM-00172-00089891-00090320": "how they have a curved aspect to them and if you've got sharp eyes you'll see", "cf3ub27FAYM-00173-00090320-00090827": "the sweep up above now what I'm going to show you now we have talked about and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00174-00090827-00091316": "many sharp-eyed viewers have known that this was an important thing about this", "cf3ub27FAYM-00175-00091316-00091883": "clip for a long time here comes the wave look at the dark underlying crater in", "cf3ub27FAYM-00176-00091883-00092252": "the center of your screen watch how it's displaced almost like you're looking", "cf3ub27FAYM-00177-00092252-00092684": "through water there goes the wave backwards forwards the wave hits the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00178-00092684-00093329": "crater displaces this wave is displacing as if you are looking through water the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00179-00093329-00093815": "entire image of the Moon now I've never taken the time to animate this I have", "cf3ub27FAYM-00180-00093815-00094526": "talked about it there it is zoomed in now this is running at 30% and I'm going", "cf3ub27FAYM-00181-00094526-00094901": "to zoom out there goes the wave to the top and there's going to be another wave", "cf3ub27FAYM-00182-00094901-00095339": "coming in from the bottom now I'm going to run this at 30% so as the wave comes", "cf3ub27FAYM-00183-00095339-00095723": "in you can choose any landmark you want here comes the wave from the bottom of", "cf3ub27FAYM-00184-00095723-00095957": "the top choose any little landmark you can", "cf3ub27FAYM-00185-00095957-00096491": "see there and watch it be displaced now that round looking ring crater", "cf3ub27FAYM-00186-00096491-00097212": "forwards backwards forwards backwards and one more time forward and I'll zoom", "cf3ub27FAYM-00187-00097212-00097722": "out and you can watch it go all the way to the top again this is a 30% with", "cf3ub27FAYM-00188-00097722-00098301": "quite a few filters like find edge and some other things invert okay I think", "cf3ub27FAYM-00189-00098301-00098826": "you get the gist of that this has been filmed many times not much as by one", "cf3ub27FAYM-00190-00098826-00099435": "person so it seems to me that that we're not looking at anything physical and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00191-00099435-00099876": "that this hologram or whatever the hell that is possibly hiding something that's", "cf3ub27FAYM-00192-00099876-00100358": "really behind it and then the the Mars landing you know and and when when we", "cf3ub27FAYM-00193-00100358-00100877": "first landed on Mars I got so excited I was just really excited about the Mars", "cf3ub27FAYM-00194-00100877-00101270": "probe and all the pictures from Mars boy it was like one of the happiest days of", "cf3ub27FAYM-00195-00101270-00101595": "my life so for me to come to terms and admit", "cf3ub27FAYM-00196-00101595-00102024": "that this is probably a hoax it's just really a tough pill to swallow but", "cf3ub27FAYM-00197-00102024-00102426": "unfortunately we have to swallow these pills because when you start researching", "cf3ub27FAYM-00198-00102426-00103002": "the whole Mars landing and and the experiments and the the training that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00199-00103002-00103304": "did in the Canadian Arctic on Devon Island", "cf3ub27FAYM-00200-00103304-00103752": "I suspect that pretty much everything in all the footage we've ever seen on Mars", "cf3ub27FAYM-00201-00103752-00104243": "was actually just shot on Devon Island very far northern Canada and it's", "cf3ub27FAYM-00202-00104243-00104816": "depressing but that's what it is and we got to deal with it", "cf3ub27FAYM-00203-00106605-00107673": "when a man reaches the edge after he goes as far as any man could possibly go", "cf3ub27FAYM-00204-00108526-00109175": "when you put the puzzle pieces together the world looks very very different when", "cf3ub27FAYM-00205-00109175-00109724": "you connect the dots because what the system wants to do right across society", "cf3ub27FAYM-00206-00109724-00110507": "is get people to focus on dots individual dots a religion family job", "cf3ub27FAYM-00207-00110507-00111341": "football team whatever the idea is to keep humanity constantly bewildered so", "cf3ub27FAYM-00208-00111341-00112004": "we don't know where we are who we are what even reality is but when you", "cf3ub27FAYM-00209-00112004-00112553": "connect the dots and so many of them as we'll see today I have on the face of it", "cf3ub27FAYM-00210-00112553-00113153": "no connection to some of the others when you connect the dots the light goes on", "cf3ub27FAYM-00211-00113153-00114113": "and suddenly the picture forms Russia's space agency claims to have found sea", "cf3ub27FAYM-00212-00114113-00114535": "plankton on the outside of the International Space Station wait what a", "cf3ub27FAYM-00213-00114535-00115004": "reported itar-tass quotes Russia's ISS mission chief saying we have found", "cf3ub27FAYM-00214-00115004-00115421": "traces of sea plankton and microscopic particles on the illuminator surface", "cf3ub27FAYM-00215-00115421-00115850": "this should be studied further the report claims this finding is part of a", "cf3ub27FAYM-00216-00115850-00116264": "long-term study which proves some life can exist in space the discovery", "cf3ub27FAYM-00217-00116264-00116647": "apparently occurred after Russia's two cosmonauts currently on board the ISS", "cf3ub27FAYM-00218-00116647-00117092": "started cleaning off the station's illuminators that's space Language for", "cf3ub27FAYM-00219-00117092-00117347": "Windows the astronauts reportedly discovered the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00220-00117347-00117806": "plankton after examining the residue of the illuminators state-run TV network RT", "cf3ub27FAYM-00221-00117806-00118223": "confirmed the news also referring to the fine as a part of a study since the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00222-00118223-00118652": "plankton isn't native to the ISS resupply launch sites in Kazakhstan the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00223-00118652-00119015": "prevailing theory appears to be that this plankton was blown into orbit from", "cf3ub27FAYM-00224-00119015-00119423": "the surface of the ocean by rising air currents if that sounds pretty", "cf3ub27FAYM-00225-00119423-00119836": "far-fetched to you then don't worry NASA is a little skeptical of the news -", "cf3ub27FAYM-00226-00119836-00120257": "a nasa spokesman told space comm the agency hadn't been informed of the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00227-00120257-00120593": "discovery and noted the Russian astronauts weren't looking for plankton", "cf3ub27FAYM-00228-00120593-00120944": "while cleaning the windows what they're actually looking for is residues that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00229-00120944-00121275": "can build up on the visually sensitive elements like windows", "cf3ub27FAYM-00230-00121275-00121716": "it's what they were taking samples for when you connect the dots the light goes", "cf3ub27FAYM-00231-00121716-00122183": "on and you stand on one with there water in the helmet wait for us", "cf3ub27FAYM-00232-00122183-00122960": "go ahead yes sherry was saying that he's got some water in his helmet she just", "cf3ub27FAYM-00233-00122960-00123546": "noticed it a minute ago it's about three inches in diameter it's kind of pulling", "cf3ub27FAYM-00234-00123546-00124029": "on the on the front side of the helmet above his eye level and she does feel a", "cf3ub27FAYM-00235-00124029-00124341": "little bit of weirdness in in the back of the Hat", "cf3ub27FAYM-00236-00124341-00124905": "not that I'm watching it I don't see anything traumatic and sugary I'll just", "cf3ub27FAYM-00237-00124905-00125763": "go ahead and you know well Kerri you look better than I remember you when you", "cf3ub27FAYM-00238-00125763-00126311": "connect the dots the light goes on well potentially deadly situation forces one", "cf3ub27FAYM-00239-00126311-00126807": "astronaut to cut his spacewalk by more than half a by more than half after an", "cf3ub27FAYM-00240-00126807-00127286": "equipment malfunction in outer space caused him to nearly drown inside of his", "cf3ub27FAYM-00241-00127286-00127844": "own suit it's an incredible story tres has more for it asanas in Los Angeles", "cf3ub27FAYM-00242-00127844-00128229": "yeah we all know Mark these spacewalks have become kind of routine when you're", "cf3ub27FAYM-00243-00128229-00128561": "out there but the bottom line is every astronaut knows when they step out of", "cf3ub27FAYM-00244-00128561-00128949": "that capsule or Space Station that even the smallest Nick in their spacesuit", "cf3ub27FAYM-00245-00128949-00129311": "could mean instant death this was an Italian astronaut his name is Luca", "cf3ub27FAYM-00246-00129311-00129768": "parmitano and he was on a six-and-a-half hour spacewalk he was about an hour and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00247-00129768-00130203": "a half in when he felt water on the back of his hands and then on the back of his", "cf3ub27FAYM-00248-00130203-00130671": "head and the water was increasing listen to him now trying to figure out what the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00249-00130671-00133269": "problem is yeah I mean how much can you sweat he knew it was definitely", "cf3ub27FAYM-00250-00133269-00133725": "increasing over his eyes and then his nose and then his mouth and in zero", "cf3ub27FAYM-00251-00133725-00134181": "gravity the water just kind of pools like a big blob and it's not like he can", "cf3ub27FAYM-00252-00134181-00134586": "just step back inside the capsule or the station and then pop his helmet off it", "cf3ub27FAYM-00253-00134586-00135033": "took 24 minutes to get him back inside and then you see there are another 11", "cf3ub27FAYM-00254-00135033-00135513": "minutes to get his helmet off nASA says he could easily have drowned but he was", "cf3ub27FAYM-00255-00135513-00136170": "very calm the entire time listen you can imagine you know you're in a fishbowl", "cf3ub27FAYM-00256-00136170-00136608": "so go stick your head in the fish Pole and try to walk around and that's not", "cf3ub27FAYM-00257-00136608-00136992": "anything that you take lightly and certainly an e VA is dangerous already", "cf3ub27FAYM-00258-00136992-00137520": "and he did a great job just keepin calm and cool and getting", "cf3ub27FAYM-00259-00137520-00137991": "his way back to the airlock did he ever about a gallon of water", "cf3ub27FAYM-00260-00137991-00138426": "actually seeped inside his helmet still unclear if it came from his cooling", "cf3ub27FAYM-00261-00138426-00138879": "system or from his drinking system but as you might imagine Martha NASA wants", "cf3ub27FAYM-00262-00138879-00139314": "to figure that out before they send somebody out outside again to have the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00263-00139314-00139785": "same thing happen all over again when you connect the dots the light goes on", "cf3ub27FAYM-00264-00139785-00140346": "you think I'm here in Houston Texas at NASA's neutral buoyancy lab the NBL and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00265-00140346-00140691": "here at chris hall he's a dive operations specialist 3 which means", "cf3ub27FAYM-00266-00140691-00141069": "you're an instructor here now Chris tell me what this facility is because it", "cf3ub27FAYM-00267-00141069-00141564": "looks like a giant swimming pool but not like any swimming pool ever seen well it", "cf3ub27FAYM-00268-00141564-00142035": "is a giant swimming pool but what it is is it allows us to train astronauts to", "cf3ub27FAYM-00269-00142035-00142398": "go outside and do EPA which is essentially spacewalks so what they can", "cf3ub27FAYM-00270-00142398-00142842": "do before they ever go into space is get some chance to put on a suit and go", "cf3ub27FAYM-00271-00142842-00143253": "through the tests that they're gonna be asked to do if they are asked to do one", "cf3ub27FAYM-00272-00143253-00143598": "if they're asked to go outside of the spacecraft they're prepared to do that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00273-00143598-00143871": "they know how to work with the suits they know the task that they're gonna be", "cf3ub27FAYM-00274-00143871-00144255": "doing and they've done it 10 20 different times in the pool before they", "cf3ub27FAYM-00275-00144255-00144606": "ever get sent and asked to do it in space so the astronaut corps when you", "cf3ub27FAYM-00276-00144606-00145023": "know whatever the class is and they they get suits fitted and EVS suits and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00277-00145023-00145473": "special UVI suits for underwater and here's where they simulate fixing a", "cf3ub27FAYM-00278-00145473-00145722": "Space Shuttle fixing the ISS or working with other", "cf3ub27FAYM-00279-00145722-00146094": "it is it's the same suit it's a suit that was on station that has been", "cf3ub27FAYM-00280-00146094-00146496": "decommissioned yes some things have been made different full of water like we use", "cf3ub27FAYM-00281-00146496-00146889": "umbilicals up in space and have that in space they have a computer on their", "cf3ub27FAYM-00282-00146889-00147312": "chest we have a mock-up that helps us weigh them out either by putting foam on", "cf3ub27FAYM-00283-00147312-00147621": "it by weight on it depending on the subject but all the suits are", "cf3ub27FAYM-00284-00147621-00148053": "disgustingly made to that astronaut as far as length as far as the glove you", "cf3ub27FAYM-00285-00148053-00148335": "want to make sure that it's a good fit you're not getting hot spots it's not", "cf3ub27FAYM-00286-00148335-00148728": "rubbing on you the astronauts could be in these suits in space eight to ten", "cf3ub27FAYM-00287-00148728-00149097": "hours and our pool they're in for six hours at a time how does this facility", "cf3ub27FAYM-00288-00149097-00149433": "how does being underwater what do you do to make it simulate gravity zero gravity", "cf3ub27FAYM-00289-00149433-00149727": "as much as possible well we have the three-dimensional access they can go up", "cf3ub27FAYM-00290-00149727-00150147": "they can go down they can go lift they can go ride they can turn upside down so", "cf3ub27FAYM-00291-00150147-00150399": "it's the closest thing that we can simulate right now", "cf3ub27FAYM-00292-00150399-00150786": "when the NBO is originally built you guys made it for the Space Shuttle you", "cf3ub27FAYM-00293-00150786-00151245": "guys have had mock-ups of space stations and right now there's mock-ups of ISS", "cf3ub27FAYM-00294-00151245-00151551": "modules so can you talk about little about what those mock-ups are and how", "cf3ub27FAYM-00295-00151551-00151731": "they function now the mock-ups that you see in the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00296-00151731-00152142": "pool or a one-to-one config different material obviously it's got to hold up", "cf3ub27FAYM-00297-00152142-00152451": "to the water we don't need the electrical or any of that neither note", "cf3ub27FAYM-00298-00152451-00152823": "of interior none of the interior it's all the exterior as far as every rail as", "cf3ub27FAYM-00299-00152823-00153219": "far as every bolt as far as where every rail should be in place they have to go", "cf3ub27FAYM-00300-00153219-00153564": "turn the bolt 98 times we have to do that in the pool because they're gonna", "cf3ub27FAYM-00301-00153564-00153951": "have to do it in space so Japanese modules simulated it now in the far", "cf3ub27FAYM-00302-00153951-00154308": "corner we have the Japanese section it's got the Japanese exposed pallet the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00303-00154308-00154689": "Columbus is European portion the lab is kind of the US portion so it is an", "cf3ub27FAYM-00304-00154689-00155061": "International Space Station and the Russians have their own section outputs", "cf3ub27FAYM-00305-00155061-00155577": "of that do Russians have their own nvo equivalent they do it's a much smaller", "cf3ub27FAYM-00306-00155577-00156054": "pool that's nowhere near this size but they do their own training with their", "cf3ub27FAYM-00307-00156054-00156378": "own suit now the Russian setting is the same suit that we do that they used to", "cf3ub27FAYM-00308-00156378-00156879": "or lon so they trained specifically for that over in Star City when you connect", "cf3ub27FAYM-00309-00156879-00157337": "the dots the light goes on some shots about", "cf3ub27FAYM-00310-00157337-00157886": "the boom deploring we are very much into pre TSS deploy activities the first", "cf3ub27FAYM-00311-00157886-00158336": "thing of course is to deploy the boom the purpose of the boom was to basically", "cf3ub27FAYM-00312-00158336-00158900": "take the satellite away from the orbiter structure this is an accelerated view", "cf3ub27FAYM-00313-00158900-00159353": "which normally would take about 12 minutes the boom is an incredible piece", "cf3ub27FAYM-00314-00159353-00159803": "of engineering and you can see it in this in these shots you can see the TSI", "cf3ub27FAYM-00315-00159803-00160394": "actually actual hazard in the middle and all the electrical wires basically here", "cf3ub27FAYM-00316-00160394-00160697": "at this point in time there's four words that will awake the four veterans the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00317-00160697-00161036": "three rookies were sleeping and of course the very first concern we had is", "cf3ub27FAYM-00318-00161036-00161477": "to make sure that none of us wall and Heather starts coming back towards in", "cf3ub27FAYM-00319-00161477-00161987": "the orbiter we were concerned pre-flight and we did appreciate this year of", "cf3ub27FAYM-00320-00161987-00162257": "training pre-flight that if he had a ball it's either coming back honest with", "cf3ub27FAYM-00321-00162257-00162739": "you the proper evasive maneuvering and make sure we've not a big problem", "cf3ub27FAYM-00322-00162961-00163759": "Franklin now we see a long line a couple of star-like things and a lot of", "cf3ub27FAYM-00323-00164049-00164625": "now we see a long line a couple of star-like things and a lot of things", "cf3ub27FAYM-00324-00164625-00165365": "swimming in the foreground there's a lot of things swimming in the foreground", "cf3ub27FAYM-00325-00165607-00166717": "can you describe what you're seeing and there's a little bit of debris that kind", "cf3ub27FAYM-00326-00166717-00167377": "of flies with us and it's limited by the Sun that switch low angle because this", "cf3ub27FAYM-00327-00167377-00167908": "lot of stray light and is getting washed out quickly but God is trying to do a", "cf3ub27FAYM-00328-00167908-00168526": "quick good job here jump in the camera Kwame Houston that's a much better view", "cf3ub27FAYM-00329-00168526-00169273": "a lot more contrast visible and how wide does that tether appear to be it seems", "cf3ub27FAYM-00330-00169273-00169672": "to resemble a much wider strand and we did expect can you describe which way", "cf3ub27FAYM-00331-00169672-00170370": "the satellite is visible on that strand satellite now", "cf3ub27FAYM-00332-00170414-00171054": "100 nautical miles Nariko pick you up there fully the better the doesn't", "cf3ub27FAYM-00333-00171054-00171347": "matter just to focus but I can't get better than that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00334-00171347-00172238": "okay gladden thank you good to do a bit now when you connect the dots the light", "cf3ub27FAYM-00335-00172238-00172486": "goes on", "cf3ub27FAYM-00336-00179882-00180417": "when you connect the dots the light goes on so the unique experience is a really", "cf3ub27FAYM-00337-00180417-00180891": "good way to describe it you know there's one aspect the part of being outside", "cf3ub27FAYM-00338-00180891-00181371": "that is really similar to being in the NBL di training facility the neutral", "cf3ub27FAYM-00339-00181371-00182073": "buoyancy lab the big swimming pool we have it down in Houston everything looks", "cf3ub27FAYM-00340-00182073-00182496": "the same in that swimming pool but outside you know there's a big earth", "cf3ub27FAYM-00341-00182496-00183027": "going by there's a nonesense and sunrises kind of wake you up or", "cf3ub27FAYM-00342-00183027-00183489": "frightened those kind of blind your eyesight and so just the view is what's", "cf3ub27FAYM-00343-00183489-00183798": "that completely different that's what takes your friends away when you're", "cf3ub27FAYM-00344-00183798-00184269": "trying to get back to the business of doing your work and amazingly enough the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00345-00184269-00184824": "earth is just rotating by underneath yeah and you know we talked about", "cf3ub27FAYM-00346-00184824-00185265": "spacewalks but it's a bit of a misnomer it's more like space floating you're", "cf3ub27FAYM-00347-00185265-00185790": "really not out there walking and I guess the best analogy I can tell everybody is", "cf3ub27FAYM-00348-00185790-00186147": "if you could imagine yourself scuba diving in a suit of armor that's about", "cf3ub27FAYM-00349-00186147-00186488": "what space walking is like", "cf3ub27FAYM-00350-00186535-00186962": "and the white field planetary camera 2 is clear of the structure of the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00351-00186962-00189311": "telescope will be maneuvered when you connect the dots the light goes on look", "cf3ub27FAYM-00352-00189311-00189991": "at listen all these noises and tell me this is at 400 kilometers high in the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00353-00189991-00190492": "vacuum of space where there's no molecules to make the transmission of", "cf3ub27FAYM-00354-00190492-00190732": "sound", "cf3ub27FAYM-00355-00193609-00194160": "and remember they say it's 400 kilometers high", "cf3ub27FAYM-00356-00194335-00194767": "2,500 Celsius", "cf3ub27FAYM-00357-00194790-00195410": "it's again our another Rhino of air bubbles not one not two", "cf3ub27FAYM-00358-00195410-00195899": "it's a gazillion", "cf3ub27FAYM-00359-00196751-00197856": "I'm to see how do you debug this it's debris from space", "cf3ub27FAYM-00360-00197856-00198399": "that could be applied you could believe that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00361-00198801-00202498": "it's too many air bubbles more bubbles when I saw Eric Dubay video about", "cf3ub27FAYM-00362-00202498-00203067": "bubbles you know you think maybe with just the one or one or two you know but", "cf3ub27FAYM-00363-00203067-00203836": "if you go in every spacewalk every from NASA Chinese Russia whatever if you go", "cf3ub27FAYM-00364-00203836-00204666": "all all of them have space air bubbles", "cf3ub27FAYM-00365-00205039-00205923": "that's a good fabric for protection of the vacuum of space", "cf3ub27FAYM-00366-00206105-00206994": "- here is a helmet and glut check and will be fun because the helmet and love", "cf3ub27FAYM-00367-00206994-00207756": "chat is to check if they have water that's fun water they are in the vacuum", "cf3ub27FAYM-00368-00207756-00208407": "of space should have no troubie no water there when you connect the dots the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00369-00208407-00209576": "light goes on and suddenly the picture forms the multitude is always wrong and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00370-00209576-00210282": "in fear ibly when you look through what we call history it turns out that way it", "cf3ub27FAYM-00371-00210282-00210840": "is the people who have challenged that that I've moved us forward in terms of", "cf3ub27FAYM-00372-00210840-00211298": "our understanding of who we are in the nature of the world we live in few", "cf3ub27FAYM-00373-00211298-00211883": "centuries ago the majority believed why because those people perceived to be", "cf3ub27FAYM-00374-00211883-00212430": "all-knowing the scientists and religious people of the day said the earth was", "cf3ub27FAYM-00375-00212430-00213367": "flat and if you went too far you'd fall off the edge and people were jailed and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00376-00213367-00214131": "vilified for saying actually it's a sphere and then when the evidence", "cf3ub27FAYM-00377-00214131-00214575": "becomes overwhelming that the earth is actually a sphere then that becomes the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00378-00214575-00215190": "new norm and now anyone who says that it's flat is now ridiculed for believing", "cf3ub27FAYM-00379-00215190-00215408": "that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00380-00217201-00217735": "answer some questions that you guys have been asking about the firmament and why", "cf3ub27FAYM-00381-00217735-00218136": "on earth I would believe it exists what proofs we have that it's there", "cf3ub27FAYM-00382-00218136-00218638": "other than the Bible and us being bible thumpers crazy religious people and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00383-00218638-00219229": "you're asking some really good questions and you're about to see why people like", "cf3ub27FAYM-00384-00219229-00219910": "me and thousands and thousands of other people are believing that the earth is", "cf3ub27FAYM-00385-00219910-00220423": "not what we've been told and that the powers that run this world the powers of", "cf3ub27FAYM-00386-00220423-00221059": "darkness that have ran it for centuries would actually hide the truth in a", "cf3ub27FAYM-00387-00221059-00221650": "seemingly innocent way and no not every scientist is Hinn on it it's not like", "cf3ub27FAYM-00388-00221650-00222192": "that at all but yes there are some things hidden from you about creation", "cf3ub27FAYM-00389-00222192-00222748": "and who you are and it's for a reason and it serves a purpose and a large plan", "cf3ub27FAYM-00390-00222748-00223213": "and the shape of our earth and how it moves as I've said many times is not the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00391-00223213-00223696": "most important truth but this awakening experience has been leading people in", "cf3ub27FAYM-00392-00223696-00224173": "that direction and hopefully I'll do the same for those of you who always have", "cf3ub27FAYM-00393-00224173-00224626": "had this feeling two feet down something is off and that you aren't who we're", "cf3ub27FAYM-00394-00224626-00225139": "told you are and neither is this earth so pay attention do not believe anything", "cf3ub27FAYM-00395-00225139-00225619": "I say or did anyone says without proving it for yourself that's all we're saying", "cf3ub27FAYM-00396-00225619-00226234": "be skeptical no more blind faith that we've all had for many years prove all", "cf3ub27FAYM-00397-00226234-00226579": "things so let's first answer the question what", "cf3ub27FAYM-00398-00226579-00227160": "is this firmament that I'm speaking of and what fruits do I have and the first", "cf3ub27FAYM-00399-00227160-00227448": "thing that you need to know about the firmament is that it's been mentioned in", "cf3ub27FAYM-00400-00227448-00228069": "the creation story as the expanse that divided the waters which were under the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00401-00228069-00228541": "firmament from the waters which were above the firmament and I had read that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00402-00228541-00228936": "many times never understood what it meant or that there was any proof of it", "cf3ub27FAYM-00403-00228936-00229351": "and just kind of pictured that being maybe where clouds were kept in deep", "cf3ub27FAYM-00404-00229351-00229696": "space and that is partly true there is different", "cf3ub27FAYM-00405-00229696-00230246": "levels to the firmaments but the environment was also mentioned during", "cf3ub27FAYM-00406-00230246-00230762": "the great flood when the floodgates were opened and water came pouring down onto", "cf3ub27FAYM-00407-00230762-00231371": "earth that did happens earth is flooded and for a good reason and that's an", "cf3ub27FAYM-00408-00231371-00232007": "important long story and the world pretty much started over from that one", "cf3ub27FAYM-00409-00232007-00232511": "and a lot of people thought well that's when the Carlmont went away was the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00410-00232511-00233108": "blood gates were opened and all of that happened however that's not what", "cf3ub27FAYM-00411-00233108-00233423": "happened and there is proof and we're going to first look at the proof of", "cf3ub27FAYM-00412-00233423-00233936": "these rockets that we have all watched go up into the air and seemingly appear", "cf3ub27FAYM-00413-00233936-00234410": "to go straight back down to earth and a rainbow flight path and people say it is", "cf3ub27FAYM-00414-00234410-00234986": "perspective but luckily we have pictures of these flight paths from the side view", "cf3ub27FAYM-00415-00234986-00235385": "and you can see that unless the earth is really tiny", "cf3ub27FAYM-00416-00235385-00235798": "these aren't flying with the curvature of the earth they are flying out into", "cf3ub27FAYM-00417-00235798-00236267": "the ocean or has some have joked about the Bermuda Triangle where all the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00418-00236267-00237065": "witnesses vanish and you'll see here that we do understand how orbital", "cf3ub27FAYM-00419-00237065-00237496": "mechanics work if you're supposed to go ten times faster than a bullet to get", "cf3ub27FAYM-00420-00237496-00237941": "into orbit even though we have never seen combustion that happens that fast", "cf3ub27FAYM-00421-00237941-00238485": "is the wipeout law mankind but here's a rocket that did not follow that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00422-00238485-00239033": "many of you have seen this rocket which floating around", "cf3ub27FAYM-00423-00239052-00239475": "and this rocket footage is from the go-fast rocket launch if you've never", "cf3ub27FAYM-00424-00239475-00239982": "seen it it's record-breaking you've never seen a rocket go this fast or this", "cf3ub27FAYM-00425-00239982-00240438": "high or this straight up usually they curve downward as you just saw in the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00426-00240438-00240996": "video but this one did not and it's made a lot of people open their mind to the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00427-00240996-00241421": "fact that maybe that's why our pictures of Earth are composites maybe that's why", "cf3ub27FAYM-00428-00241421-00241748": "they invented the story about the Van Allen belts and why we can't go to deep", "cf3ub27FAYM-00429-00241748-00242198": "space anymore and send people that far but this rocket made in 73 miles time", "cf3ub27FAYM-00430-00242198-00243002": "and then it came to an instant stop like you're about to see I'm watching", "cf3ub27FAYM-00431-00243811-00245190": "Wow here it is again like I said before draw your own conclusions it could have", "cf3ub27FAYM-00432-00245190-00245541": "ran into gravity but check out the side view luckily they had a camera facing", "cf3ub27FAYM-00433-00245541-00246074": "sideways and you can see the horizon when it comes to a stop you could also", "cf3ub27FAYM-00434-00246074-00246792": "see what looks like far off distance as this thing is spinning and that horizon", "cf3ub27FAYM-00435-00246792-00247271": "looks very flat okay draw your own conclusions about that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00436-00247271-00248057": "could have been the fisheye lens however I saw another rocket launch this time it", "cf3ub27FAYM-00437-00248057-00248561": "was at night and people asked why did that rocket not explode field was moving", "cf3ub27FAYM-00438-00248561-00248967": "that fast that's a great question a legitimate question I'm not going to", "cf3ub27FAYM-00439-00248967-00249356": "avoid that question because I think there were some miraculous circumstances", "cf3ub27FAYM-00440-00249356-00249992": "and some properties about the firmament that we did not understand people say", "cf3ub27FAYM-00441-00249992-00250481": "well it's a solid glass dome well that could probably be partly true however", "cf3ub27FAYM-00442-00250481-00251073": "this dome is solid expanse like a molten looking glass they call it in the Bible", "cf3ub27FAYM-00443-00251073-00251471": "is impenetrable we've tried to blow it up", "cf3ub27FAYM-00444-00251471-00251944": "before during Operation fishbowl I won't go too much into that aspect of it the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00445-00251944-00252292": "history of it I trust that you'll look into it after you see what you're about", "cf3ub27FAYM-00446-00252292-00252815": "to see later on but this rocket at night was traveling and doing some weird", "cf3ub27FAYM-00447-00252815-00253331": "things like we've seen Rockets do before at night and it's very mysterious and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00448-00253331-00253790": "there's really no explaining exactly what we're seeing but we do know that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00449-00253790-00254321": "this thing is doing something weird and I was looking at it and watching him", "cf3ub27FAYM-00450-00254321-00254753": "doing well doesn't look at the farm event and then to my surprise I seen", "cf3ub27FAYM-00451-00254753-00255338": "some ripples and you're about to see them move across what appears to be the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00452-00255338-00255938": "farmer men there they go these are ripples little just like", "cf3ub27FAYM-00453-00255938-00256344": "ripples you've seen on water but this is really really far away these are giant", "cf3ub27FAYM-00454-00256344-00256958": "dribbles looming Albert of that was spectacular I had never seen anything", "cf3ub27FAYM-00455-00256958-00257537": "like that and those were my first clues and these Rockets might have been", "cf3ub27FAYM-00456-00257537-00258019": "hitting something and this might be partly why they are lying about deep", "cf3ub27FAYM-00457-00258019-00258692": "space sending us all sorts of animations then I came across these sprites which", "cf3ub27FAYM-00458-00258692-00259181": "is a phenomenon known as upper atmospheric lightning and people don't", "cf3ub27FAYM-00459-00259181-00259538": "know about this your comic person does not know about these things and they", "cf3ub27FAYM-00460-00259538-00260044": "occur way above clouds clouds are around three and a half miles high sprites", "cf3ub27FAYM-00461-00260044-00260756": "occur about 65 70 miles high where those Rockets were coming to a stop", "cf3ub27FAYM-00462-00260756-00261317": "and these scientists they show the documentary this is by nova some PBS and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00463-00261317-00261812": "didn't really think much about it when I first saw him until I started putting", "cf3ub27FAYM-00464-00261812-00262415": "the pieces together and then I saw something a barrier light up above this", "cf3ub27FAYM-00465-00262415-00263207": "sprite and I thought what if this is the firmament and I analyze this footage I", "cf3ub27FAYM-00466-00263207-00263648": "would slow this footage down I would change the brightness and sure enough I", "cf3ub27FAYM-00467-00263648-00264260": "started seeing what I thought I was seeing the firmament put there by our", "cf3ub27FAYM-00468-00264260-00264845": "Father and a story of creation it's been there all along and it's so sad that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00469-00264845-00265340": "we've missed it and missed out on seeing his glory for our whole lives but there", "cf3ub27FAYM-00470-00265340-00265724": "it is and you're about to see a wave clip across it I don't like the ripple", "cf3ub27FAYM-00471-00265724-00266330": "you saw the rocket there's that way it's pride shooting out of it yes that's a", "cf3ub27FAYM-00472-00266330-00266762": "wave it's not a cloud that you're seeing light up again this is many miles above", "cf3ub27FAYM-00473-00266762-00267218": "the clouds you are seeing the firmament and this footage was taken down in", "cf3ub27FAYM-00474-00267218-00267695": "another video that I put out and blocked in the United States and for good reason", "cf3ub27FAYM-00475-00267695-00268166": "because it's waking many people love they are seeing this solid proof that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00476-00268166-00268613": "there's a barrier that these things are shooting out of these sprites that were", "cf3ub27FAYM-00477-00268613-00268988": "mentioned in the Book of Enoch when it talked about stars rising up and", "cf3ub27FAYM-00478-00268988-00269423": "becoming lightning and not losing their form I thought that was crazy that book", "cf3ub27FAYM-00479-00269423-00269864": "was removed from the Bible and it explained exactly how our system works", "cf3ub27FAYM-00480-00269864-00270233": "the math behind it and everything but there's the firmament", "cf3ub27FAYM-00481-00270233-00270686": "you can see it again draw your own conclusions the fact that it's right", "cf3ub27FAYM-00482-00270686-00271218": "where those rockets were stopping there's no coincidence", "cf3ub27FAYM-00483-00271218-00271683": "don't take my word for it keep looking into it I'm going to show you some more", "cf3ub27FAYM-00484-00271683-00272352": "proof that the Sun Moon and stars are not light-years apart like we've been", "cf3ub27FAYM-00485-00272352-00273096": "told the nearest star if it's as far away as they say it is we would be able", "cf3ub27FAYM-00486-00273096-00273753": "to observe that in one night while looking at star trails however that's", "cf3ub27FAYM-00487-00273753-00274191": "not what we see we do not see the types of parallax that we can prove that we", "cf3ub27FAYM-00488-00274191-00274668": "would see and I know people say well it's a different type of parallax", "cf3ub27FAYM-00489-00274668-00274956": "because you're only seeing the stars from a spinning earth", "cf3ub27FAYM-00490-00274956-00275520": "well there's experiments you can do with a camera that you spin as if were earth", "cf3ub27FAYM-00491-00275520-00276212": "with lights placed at various distances and when you use the scale that the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00492-00276212-00276720": "heliocentric model gives us it's really hard to do on earth because it's so far", "cf3ub27FAYM-00493-00276720-00277194": "away but this man here from Modi's lab his name's Cody he hates us but I'm", "cf3ub27FAYM-00494-00277194-00277614": "gonna use his work and he shows you at best the moon and they heard right there", "cf3ub27FAYM-00495-00277614-00277962": "they're really close together they're really tiny guys here's the Sun and now", "cf3ub27FAYM-00496-00277962-00278313": "that's not how close we are to the Sun he's just showing you size-wise they're", "cf3ub27FAYM-00497-00278313-00278826": "couple feet apart and he spaces them apart but the moon in the earth and the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00498-00278826-00279267": "Sun at the end of his measuring cape and he lays them out he's laying out some of", "cf3ub27FAYM-00499-00279267-00279713": "the planets Jupiter and Pluto and all of that is Pluto so he's laying these out", "cf3ub27FAYM-00500-00279713-00280278": "on a football field and then it goes to show us where the nearest star would be", "cf3ub27FAYM-00501-00280278-00281094": "and his journey takes him really far not just across town he actually has to", "cf3ub27FAYM-00502-00281094-00281781": "leave the state he drives over a hundred and twenty miles away using the scale of", "cf3ub27FAYM-00503-00281781-00282330": "those tiny little dots that you saw to show us where the nearest star is that", "cf3ub27FAYM-00504-00282330-00282783": "blew a lot of people's minds and really kind of furthers that fantasy of deep", "cf3ub27FAYM-00505-00282783-00283429": "space however I saw time-lapses of these star", "cf3ub27FAYM-00506-00283429-00284005": "trails and I've seen them moving with the moon and as I saw them I noticed", "cf3ub27FAYM-00507-00284005-00284290": "they were all moving at the same speed as if they were the same distance away", "cf3ub27FAYM-00508-00284290-00284815": "from the earth and thought shouldn't be seeing that or should I I", "cf3ub27FAYM-00509-00284815-00285220": "don't really know let me do some tests to prove all things and then I saw the", "cf3ub27FAYM-00510-00285220-00285688": "Sun and the moon moving through the sky in a time-lapse and they were moving at", "cf3ub27FAYM-00511-00285688-00286165": "the same speed and making light trails that were the same size and I thought", "cf3ub27FAYM-00512-00286165-00286678": "well if I could set up an experiment that will prove to me that a spinning", "cf3ub27FAYM-00513-00286678-00287389": "camera would do this with lights at various distances maybe I will look back", "cf3ub27FAYM-00514-00287389-00287872": "into this heliocentric model that was invented by someone who just looked at", "cf3ub27FAYM-00515-00287872-00288544": "the Stars fifteen hundred's so I set up my camera and some distant lights and I", "cf3ub27FAYM-00516-00288544-00289116": "got this idea from a genius at a master channel his name was Chris pan matter", "cf3ub27FAYM-00517-00289116-00290005": "and I'd seen an experiment where he had done this on a small scale and produced", "cf3ub27FAYM-00518-00290005-00290716": "some shocking results and so I set up a camera did my own experiment and sure", "cf3ub27FAYM-00519-00290716-00291537": "enough it's the flight trails that I was seeing looked very similar until I", "cf3ub27FAYM-00520-00291537-00292122": "traced one of the lights that were about that was about half mile away", "cf3ub27FAYM-00521-00292122-00292835": "drug it down to a light it was probably 25 feet away from my camera not even", "cf3ub27FAYM-00522-00292835-00293178": "close to the scale that Cody was you think it would have been much closer if", "cf3ub27FAYM-00523-00293178-00293706": "that was the Sun it would have been a couple feet away but I was trying to be", "cf3ub27FAYM-00524-00293706-00294396": "biased to the globe and the light trail was a completely different size and you", "cf3ub27FAYM-00525-00294396-00294918": "could imagine the difference you would be seeing if that distant life was a", "cf3ub27FAYM-00526-00294918-00295277": "hundred and twenty miles away if we could cut through that much atmosphere", "cf3ub27FAYM-00527-00295277-00295859": "you would see a dramatic difference and our stars what we're seeing up above us", "cf3ub27FAYM-00528-00295859-00296253": "would look totally different this is something you can do yourself do not", "cf3ub27FAYM-00529-00296253-00296724": "believe me do not trust me I can be lying to you but I hope you're starting", "cf3ub27FAYM-00530-00296724-00297303": "to see that we don't need a whole lot of crazy theories to prove the truth don't", "cf3ub27FAYM-00531-00297303-00298031": "need it Albert Einstein figure they have put in place to create such theories up", "cf3ub27FAYM-00532-00298031-00298848": "is up down is down straight and level is straight and level there are many more", "cf3ub27FAYM-00533-00298848-00299490": "proofs out there you just have to look up see for yourself look at the stars", "cf3ub27FAYM-00534-00299490-00300099": "look at the Sun make sure you're using eye protection figure this stuff out", "cf3ub27FAYM-00535-00300099-00300771": "it's really awesome the truth and the fact that they have been able to pull", "cf3ub27FAYM-00536-00300771-00301497": "one over on us for so long it's quite impressive but go ahead suck it up admit", "cf3ub27FAYM-00537-00301497-00302127": "that you were fooled no big deal swallow your pride do some investigation", "cf3ub27FAYM-00538-00302127-00302940": "the truth really does sound crazy but once you find out the truth the lies", "cf3ub27FAYM-00539-00302940-00303548": "that you believe sound a whole lot crazier I urge you guys to share this", "cf3ub27FAYM-00540-00303548-00303996": "before it's deleted again download it mirror it upload it whatever you want to", "cf3ub27FAYM-00541-00303996-00304554": "do it's free for anyone that wants to use it I love you guys the father loves", "cf3ub27FAYM-00542-00304554-00305028": "you way more than I do and sacrificed a lot more for you than I", "cf3ub27FAYM-00543-00305028-00305607": "ever will I pray and ask that you get to know him and understand who you really", "cf3ub27FAYM-00544-00305607-00306239": "are and that it's okay to lose the things of this world to gain something", "cf3ub27FAYM-00545-00306239-00307049": "that you cannot lose that you do not deserve and I ask that it sets you free", "cf3ub27FAYM-00546-00307049-00307923": "for the father's glory yahuwah elohim the one true father we made of this", "cf3ub27FAYM-00547-00307923-00308655": "earth who made the heavens he loves you and I thank him for sending me here to", "cf3ub27FAYM-00548-00308655-00309402": "tell you this so that you understand exactly who you are who he is his love", "cf3ub27FAYM-00549-00309402-00309762": "and peace be with you forever"}}, {"audio_id": "cfCHJCGV2ny", "text": {"cfCHJCGV2ny-00000-00000128-00000416": "good morning all in this set of videos we're going to go over", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00001-00000416-00000816": "joints and basic movements and then talk about skeletal muscle tissue", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00002-00000896-00001160": "we'll start here with an introduction to joints", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00003-00001264-00001639": "following this video i'd like you to be able to define a joint", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00004-00001639-00001800": "describe the function of joints", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00005-00001855-00002072": "describe the major components of joints", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00006-00002136-00002288": "define ligaments", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00007-00002288-00002496": "and describe joint classification", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00008-00002648-00003200": "joints are coming together of two bones but in normal states these bones do not touch", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00009-00003200-00003552": "what's one type of tissue you might find covering the ends of those bones?", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00010-00003824-00004144": "so one type of tissue here is hyaline cartilage", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00011-00004144-00004584": "and that's the articular cartilage found on the articular surfaces of bones", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00012-00004712-00005104": "we see other structures between the two bones which support the joint", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00013-00005104-00005400": "and we'll talk about each of those throughout this set of videos", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00014-00005656-00006064": "so joints are involved in movement and the structure of a joint will determine", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00015-00006064-00006368": "the amount of movement available between two bones", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00016-00006512-00006631": "some joints will", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00017-00006631-00007231": "move freely like our shoulder or hip and while others won't allow any movement at all", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00018-00007384-00007992": "another function of joints is to facilitate growth and this brings us back to our favorite epiphyseal", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00019-00007992-00008720": "plates where we see the endochondral ossification taking place to grow the bone in length", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00020-00008904-00009448": "now all joints will have a few structures in common the smooth articular surfaces of the bones", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00021-00009448-00010048": "found here are often covered in that articular cartilage and remember this is hyaline cartilage", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00022-00010168-00010560": "now ligaments both help keep the bones articulated and together", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00023-00010616-00010976": "as well as potentially limit the freedom of movement at that joint", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00024-00011032-00011384": "and these you can see are connecting bone to bone", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00025-00011472-00012232": "now some joints also have these fibrocartilage structures like this one here and this one here", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00026-00012232-00012784": "in the knee which help create a better fit between the two bones", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00027-00013119-00013560": "depending on the discipline different classifications of joints are used", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00028-00013560-00014184": "in the context of this anatomy course we will focus here on the structural classification", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00029-00014240-00014624": "this uses the type of tissue that connects the bones to categorize them", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00030-00014704-00015000": "fibrous joints are connected by fibrous connective tissue", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00031-00015056-00015719": "cartilaginous through cartilage and synovial joints through a fluid joint capsule", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00032-00015719-00016136": "of the three synovial joints are the most common type in our body so we'll talk quite", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00033-00016136-00016600": "a bit about them and we'll have a whole video about the components including that joint capsule", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00034-00016744-00017176": "the other major joint classification is functional which is based on the range of", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00035-00017176-00017920": "motion of a joint the most common of these is a diarthrosis arthr referring to joint", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00036-00018152-00018864": "and these are freely movable joints so they often overlap here with synovial joints", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00037-00019192-00019624": "as we talk about joints it's important to keep in mind that the more mobile", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00038-00019624-00019864": "a joint is the less stable it is", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00039-00019984-00020312": "the shoulder for instance is a synovial joint", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00040-00020312-00020960": "and a diarthrosis it's the most mobile joint in the body but also the most instable", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00041-00021152-00021864": "for our first question which is found covering the articular surfaces of bones", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00042-00021864-00022584": "is it dense regular connective tissue, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, or hyaline cartilage", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00043-00022664-00022856": "pause so you can choose your answer maybe", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00044-00022856-00023176": "write out something you remember about each of the answer options", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00045-00023832-00024280": "where do we find each of these tissues let's start with dense regular connective tissue", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00046-00024336-00024440": "what does this make up", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00047-00024616-00025504": "so that'll make up ligaments that are connecting bones to other bones and tendons", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00048-00025752-00025912": "connecting muscles to bones", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00049-00026039-00026272": "now do we find elastic cartilage in joints?", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00050-00026448-00026536": "nope we don't", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00051-00026608-00026816": "how about fibrocartilage?", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00052-00026816-00027152": "we're getting closer but these are going to be more supportive", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00053-00027512-00027952": "structures that aren't in all joints but we find them and find them frequently", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00054-00028048-00028183": "now what about hyaline cartilage", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00055-00028392-00029592": "there it is so this is that articular cartilage", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00056-00029592-00029824": "and we'll remember from the bone videos", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00057-00029824-00030383": "that this is hyaline cartilage that's a remnant of what type of ossification?", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00058-00030520-00031008": "so that's a remnant of endochondral ossification", "cfCHJCGV2ny-00059-00031008-00031664": "awesome well thank you so much for your attention and i will see you in the next video"}}, {"audio_id": "cfKAhSP-MYu", "text": {"cfKAhSP-MYu-00000-00000836-00001019": "Welcome to my channel", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00001-00001050-00001472": "This time I will upload a slightly different video than the usual", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00002-00001496-00002186": "I will discussing tips and tricks in using Garageband", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00003-00002216-00002496": "especially for features and hidden features", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00004-00002654-00003384": "which we already knew such features exists. And I hope by knowing all these features", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00005-00003479-00003918": "things will be get easier in writing or arranging a song", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00006-00003956-00004386": "For this episode we will focus in \"Autoplay\" feature", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00007-00004418-00004836": "Autoplay enable us to do single touch", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00008-00004872-00005156": "to play a chord", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00009-00005166-00005408": "with recurring specific pattern", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00010-00005428-00005742": "This is the example using the guitar", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00011-00005826-00006464": "[music]", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00012-00006488-00007150": "To enable the autoplay, we simply need to touch this dial on the upper right side over here", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00013-00007242-00007416": "slide and choose the pattern", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00014-00007468-00007784": "there 1 - 4 choices", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00015-00007950-00008372": "Each choice sport a different note pattern for each specific chord", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00016-00008554-00008754": "[music]", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00017-00008768-00008938": "number 1", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00018-00008938-00009138": "[music continues]", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00019-00009250-00009408": "number 2", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00020-00009408-00009608": "[music continues]", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00021-00009726-00009926": "number 3", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00022-00009966-00010166": "[music continues]", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00023-00010254-00010454": "number 4", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00024-00010454-00010654": "[music continues]", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00025-00010936-00011160": "OK, there enough variations", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00026-00011190-00011744": "But then again I thought \"seriously? only four given by Apple/Garageband?\"", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00027-00011804-00012066": "Little did I know", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00028-00012066-00012386": "for every type listed here (1-4), we have", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00029-00012386-00012684": "3 sub types for each type", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00030-00012706-00013396": "Total we have 4 X 3 type/pattern", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00031-00013444-00013658": "with total of 12 patterns for each instrument", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00032-00013694-00014302": "How to access those additional patterns?", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00033-00014382-00014563": "By using multi touch", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00034-00014563-00014810": "Let's see my example", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00035-00014810-00014969": "This is what happened when we touch with 1 finger", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00036-00014969-00015536": "[music]", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00037-00015786-00015986": "2 fingers", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00038-00015986-00016540": "[music]", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00039-00016620-00016914": "feel the difference?", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00040-00016978-00017290": "now with 3 fingers", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00041-00017326-00017744": "[music]", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00043-00018406-00018838": "Aside fro guitar, the autoplay feature also available on keyboards/piano as well", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00044-00019760-00020558": "In keyboards the touch area divided into 3 sections", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00045-00020640-00021016": "for each chord there is a top section", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00046-00021062-00021306": "middle section", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00047-00021324-00021794": "and then the bottom section", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00048-00021842-00022436": "The bottom part represents bass or left hand part", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00049-00022496-00022796": "[music]", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00050-00022870-00023316": "meanwhile the middle part represents right hand or the chord", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00051-00023316-00023912": "[music]", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00052-00023938-00024286": "the top part represents both hands", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00053-00024322-00024820": "bass and chord simultaneously", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00054-00024820-00025348": "[music]", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00055-00025372-00025982": "For autoplay multi touch feature on keyboards we can only use the middle part", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00056-00026098-00026295": "the chord section only", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00057-00026339-00026594": "This is using 1 finger", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00058-00026594-00027039": "[music]", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00059-00027039-00027239": "2 fingers", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00060-00027239-00027804": "[music]", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00061-00027824-00028024": "3 fingers", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00062-00028024-00029408": "[music]", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00063-00029488-00029820": "OK, that's all for tips and tricks this time", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00064-00029835-00030134": "Hope it will be useful for you", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00065-00030134-00030526": "and help you guys in recording and arranging music", "cfKAhSP-MYu-00066-00030564-00030782": "See you later, thank you"}}, {"audio_id": "cfXawLlIY5E", "text": {"cfXawLlIY5E-00000-00000592-00000976": "hi i'm Giulia and i would like to introduce you to the", "cfXawLlIY5E-00001-00000976-00001575": "center for pedagogical innovation team", "cfXawLlIY5E-00002-00001575-00001927": "hi i'm Madelyn Law and i'm the associate vice provost for teaching and", "cfXawLlIY5E-00003-00001927-00002176": "learning", "cfXawLlIY5E-00004-00002568-00002927": "hi i'm Marc an educational technologist i'm looking forward to helping you be", "cfXawLlIY5E-00005-00002927-00003264": "successful with the technologies that brock uses to support teaching", "cfXawLlIY5E-00006-00003264-00003576": "let me know if you've got questions about sakai teams or making", "cfXawLlIY5E-00007-00003576-00003871": "instructional video", "cfXawLlIY5E-00008-00004087-00004392": "good morning everyone my name is Mike Brousseau manager of educational", "cfXawLlIY5E-00009-00004392-00004680": "technology here in the cpi i'm always around if you want to talk", "cfXawLlIY5E-00010-00004680-00005120": "educational technology and generally here to support", "cfXawLlIY5E-00011-00005144-00005496": "hi i'm Melanie i help support the edtech team", "cfXawLlIY5E-00012-00005496-00005984": "and i'm happy to answer any questions you might have about sakai", "cfXawLlIY5E-00013-00006135-00006655": "hi i'm Wanda Gilmore i'm the resource coordinator", "cfXawLlIY5E-00014-00006728-00007447": "hi it's Lianne from cpi nice to meet you i work as an educational developer on", "cfXawLlIY5E-00015-00007447-00007888": "campus i hope if you're um doing any reflective", "cfXawLlIY5E-00016-00007888-00008152": "practice interested in anything to do with", "cfXawLlIY5E-00017-00008152-00008711": "teaching and learning please pop by say hello be happy to", "cfXawLlIY5E-00018-00008711-00009015": "hang out and talk teaching and learning all right", "cfXawLlIY5E-00019-00009015-00009760": "have a good semester oh thanks for you thanks leanne", "cfXawLlIY5E-00020-00009760-00010184": "hi my name's Anne and i'm an educational developer", "cfXawLlIY5E-00021-00010184-00010647": "and an isw facilitator and i hope you can take advantage of", "cfXawLlIY5E-00022-00010647-00011479": "all the workshops and support that cpi has to offer you", "cfXawLlIY5E-00023-00011479-00011936": "hi my name is Alisa i'm an educational technologist with cpi", "cfXawLlIY5E-00024-00011936-00012296": "and my aim is to make connections integrate", "cfXawLlIY5E-00025-00012296-00013023": "and troubleshoot technology and teaching hi there tas my name is Kelsey", "cfXawLlIY5E-00026-00013023-00013519": "and welcome to ta day have a great one", "cfXawLlIY5E-00027-00013528-00014063": "hi i'm Andie i'm the graduate student support coordinator in the faculty of", "cfXawLlIY5E-00028-00014063-00014328": "graduate studies and also part of the edtech team", "cfXawLlIY5E-00029-00014328-00014719": "in cpi please contact me with any questions about sakai", "cfXawLlIY5E-00030-00014719-00015272": "microsoft teams echo 360 and crowdmark", "cfXawLlIY5E-00031-00015408-00015776": "hi i'm Matt Clare associate director technology", "cfXawLlIY5E-00032-00015776-00016072": "enabled learning", "cfXawLlIY5E-00033-00016344-00016664": "hi i'm Nurbek i'm an educational technologist developer", "cfXawLlIY5E-00034-00016664-00017072": "if you have any questions about sakai teams echotastics or any other", "cfXawLlIY5E-00035-00017072-00017472": "educational technologies please team me", "cfXawLlIY5E-00036-00017695-00018040": "my name is Natalie and i'm an educational developer in the cpi", "cfXawLlIY5E-00037-00018040-00018392": "the cpi is here to support you in all things teaching and learning so please", "cfXawLlIY5E-00038-00018392-00018792": "feel free to reach out to us to talk about pedagogical considerations", "cfXawLlIY5E-00039-00018792-00019120": "instructional strategies educational technologies and your", "cfXawLlIY5E-00040-00019120-00020128": "teaching practice you"}}, {"audio_id": "cfZVVH5KvGA", "text": {"cfZVVH5KvGA-00000-00000168-00000544": "Welcome to A Bill A Minute from GovTrack -  your 60 second breakdown of", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00001-00000544-00000951": "interesting bills in Congress. I'm Jesse Rifkin. During the Covid19", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00002-00000951-00001496": "pandemic the evidence is clear: masks work to reduce transmission rates.", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00003-00001496-00001952": "Not every state requires them currently. 17 states do not require mandatory mask", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00004-00001952-00002256": "wearing statewide. If you're wondering what those 17 states", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00005-00002256-00002688": "are: [loud deep breath] Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Idaho,", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00006-00002688-00003016": "Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Oklahoma,", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00007-00003016-00003528": "South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah and Wyoming.", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00008-00003528-00003871": "Now Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00009-00003871-00004255": "recently proposed a three-month nationwide mask wearing mandate.", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00010-00004255-00004639": "However he also tempered the efficacy of his proposal by suggesting", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00011-00004639-00004936": "it shouldn't come from the President or Congress, but rather should be", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00012-00004936-00005176": "implemented by the consensus of all 50 state", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00013-00005176-00005639": "governors. In real life this allows the strong likelihood that some", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00014-00005639-00006000": "governors would still say no. Now there's a new bill that would", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00015-00006000-00006216": "require a nationwide mask wearing mandate", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00016-00006216-00006784": "instituted by Congress. The Masks for All Act would nationally require the use", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00017-00006784-00007200": "of face masks in all public spaces where social distancing of at least six", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00018-00007200-00007504": "feet is not feasible. It was introduced by Florida Democratic", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00019-00007504-00007904": "Representative Frederica Wilson. Supporters argue that widespread mask", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00020-00007904-00008336": "usage is by far the best way to reduce the spread of covid19 which has", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00021-00008336-00008808": "killed more than 170 000 Americans so far. Opponents, including President", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00022-00008808-00009096": "Trump, countered that masks should not be required nationally", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00023-00009096-00009392": "because it would be an infringement on personal freedom.", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00024-00009392-00009840": "All I know is the last time everyone was required to wear masks was that 2003 Fox", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00025-00009840-00010192": "reality show Mr. Personality -  the dating show where everybody was in", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00026-00010192-00010456": "masks so you couldn't see what they looked like.", "cfZVVH5KvGA-00027-00010456-00010760": "Good times."}}, {"audio_id": "cg5f9seKObA", "text": {"cg5f9seKObA-00000-00000000-00000200": "السلام عليكم", "cg5f9seKObA-00001-00000200-00000400": "لماذا نحب انمي ؟"}}, {"audio_id": "cgt_wNWSRwg", "text": {"cgt_wNWSRwg-00000-00000289-00000803": "Corporations are facing some incredible challenges with the future of work. There", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00001-00000803-00001233": "are millions of jobs and cutting-edge fields like computer science and AI in", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00002-00001233-00001730": "business and data science however a lot of the learning that we get in college", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00003-00001730-00002226": "is not addressing many of these critical needs. I think the bigger thing that we", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00004-00002226-00002776": "don't often talk about is that the vast majority of people aren't coming out of", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00005-00002776-00003371": "undergraduate degrees, right, or are coming out with partial degrees or with", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00006-00003371-00003773": "a degree in a field that's not actually applicable to what they want to do in", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00007-00003773-00004416": "their careers. And so one of my biggest worries is the skills gap. So we're", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00008-00004416-00005105": "trying to address this problem, which is, a workforce that is not ready to do the", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00009-00005105-00005550": "work that's in front of them, that's not ready for the future of work that will", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00010-00005550-00006230": "happen in the next 10 years. And so you need your credentials that are smaller", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00011-00006230-00006551": "than a degree, your employees in many cases have a degree already and they're", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00012-00006551-00006918": "not going to go and get a second degree, so you need smaller modular credentials", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00013-00006918-00007386": "that are innovative that enable you to upskill your employees in exactly those", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00014-00007386-00007877": "areas where you want them to be upskilled. MicroBachelors programs are", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00015-00007877-00008768": "organized around a few courses, similar subject, related to a job or related to a", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00016-00008768-00009306": "skill that you need to build in your career. So for example, you can have them", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00017-00009306-00009807": "take a MicroBachelor's in IT and upskill them specifically in the kinds", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00018-00009807-00010272": "of areas that you need them to be upskilled in. And if you assemble enough of", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00019-00010272-00010818": "them you ultimately can build a bachelor's degree. These come from top", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00020-00010818-00011300": "institutions that have these credentials available on EDX and the learning is", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00021-00011300-00011661": "completely online so your employees can be learning at their own pace and it's", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00022-00011661-00012014": "flexible so they can learn while they work; they don't have to go off to campus", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00023-00012014-00012518": "and learn and be away from your company for a long period of time. One of the", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00024-00012518-00013077": "interesting things about building the MicroBachelors programs product was", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00025-00013077-00013551": "that we involved our corporate advisory from the get-go. Our corporate advisory", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00026-00013551-00014229": "board is made up of companies across a wide range of industries - like IBM and", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00027-00014229-00014873": "Amazon and Microsoft and Accenture MasterCard and others - who all share a", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00028-00014873-00015435": "belief that education is critical to their success in growing their workforce", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00029-00015435-00015784": "in skilling their workforce in and in the success ultimately of their", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00030-00015784-00016287": "companies. We work with universities and bring the feedback from companies to", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00031-00016287-00016818": "tailor the initial MicroBachelors programs to the needs inside of those", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00032-00016818-00017337": "companies so that the new credentials and learning that they create is better", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00033-00017337-00017748": "suited to the kind of jobs that are available. And the material that they", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00034-00017748-00018118": "thought was gonna provide the most opportunity for the most number of", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00035-00018118-00018504": "workers. And so when you think of education and learning and degrees I", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00036-00018504-00018793": "also want you to think of MicroBachelors;", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00037-00018793-00019326": "these are bite-sized learning modules that can stack up the full degrees and", "cgt_wNWSRwg-00038-00019326-00019966": "help you upskill your employees for the future of work."}}, {"audio_id": "cgBV0_CtT7Y", "text": {"cgBV0_CtT7Y-00000-00000326-00000710": "Here we have the ZIVA Hollow Core Short Roller.", "cgBV0_CtT7Y-00001-00000710-00001116": "This tool is used for tissue relief to help clean up some", "cgBV0_CtT7Y-00002-00001116-00001426": "movements that might not necessarily be getting their full benefit.", "cgBV0_CtT7Y-00003-00001426-00001620": "We are also going to relieve some of the joints.", "cgBV0_CtT7Y-00004-00001620-00002049": "The tissues and muscles surrounding joints are the things that are responsible for movement.", "cgBV0_CtT7Y-00005-00002049-00002357": "So enjoy these videos to help you get some tissue relief."}}, {"audio_id": "cgRtcCqe71I", "text": {"cgRtcCqe71I-00000-00000422-00000507": "Hi everybody!", "cgRtcCqe71I-00001-00000527-00000762": "It's Jason again and this is Challenge #4 from", "cgRtcCqe71I-00002-00000775-00000894": "Collaborative Mathematics.", "cgRtcCqe71I-00003-00000984-00001445": "For this challenge, I'd like you to picture a very special calculator that has only", "cgRtcCqe71I-00004-00001472-00002388": "two keys on it. It's got the [+1] key and the [x3] key, and when you press either", "cgRtcCqe71I-00005-00002401-00002821": "of these keys, they immediately do whatever they say they do.", "cgRtcCqe71I-00006-00002842-00003414": "So if you image, for example, that the display screen on the calculator reads", "cgRtcCqe71I-00007-00003433-00003801": "the number 20, and you hit the [+1] key,", "cgRtcCqe71I-00008-00003821-00004203": "then the display immediately updates and shows the number 21.", "cgRtcCqe71I-00009-00004246-00004806": "And if you then press the [x3] key, the calculator would immediately", "cgRtcCqe71I-00010-00004824-00005048": "update and show the number 63.", "cgRtcCqe71I-00011-00005065-00005288": "And here's the challenge, using this calculator.", "cgRtcCqe71I-00012-00005317-00005737": "Let's assume that it starts with the number 0 on its display screen.", "cgRtcCqe71I-00013-00005768-00006313": "The goal is to get the calculator to show the number 300 on the screen.", "cgRtcCqe71I-00014-00006348-00006539": "And the challenge is: of button-presses that it takes to make", "cgRtcCqe71I-00015-00006588-00007308": "What's the smallest number of button- presses that it takes to make that happen?", "cgRtcCqe71I-00016-00007348-00007617": "What's the smallest number of button-presses to get this particular", "cgRtcCqe71I-00017-00007634-00008081": "two-button calculator to go from 0 to 300?", "cgRtcCqe71I-00018-00008169-00008688": "Remember here that one of the parts of this challenge is the \"smallest number of", "cgRtcCqe71I-00019-00008711-00009071": "button presses\". Right? If you can get from 0 to 300, that's great!", "cgRtcCqe71I-00020-00009110-00009471": "But be thinking about whether you've got the", "cgRtcCqe71I-00021-00009490-00009791": "smallest number of button-presses to get there.", "cgRtcCqe71I-00022-00009847-00010198": "And if you think you have the smallest number, if you think you've found the", "cgRtcCqe71I-00023-00010211-00010937": "minimum, how do you know? Why do you think you can't get from 0 to 300 with", "cgRtcCqe71I-00024-00010953-00011318": "fewer button-presses than whatever solution you've found?", "cgRtcCqe71I-00025-00011354-00011668": "So that's it! That's the challenge for this video, Challenge #4.", "cgRtcCqe71I-00026-00011693-00012006": "I'll invite you to check us out online, as usual. We're at", "cgRtcCqe71I-00027-00012020-00012229": "collaborative mathematics . org", "cgRtcCqe71I-00028-00012271-00012682": "and from there you can find links to all of our social media, and you can access the", "cgRtcCqe71I-00029-00012695-00013156": "archives which have links to all of the past Challenge Videos and the Video", "cgRtcCqe71I-00030-00013172-00013565": "Responses that people have submitted. There's quite a lot of cool stuff there, so", "cgRtcCqe71I-00031-00013582-00013738": "I'll encourage you to check that out!", "cgRtcCqe71I-00032-00013779-00013931": "I look forward to seeing what happens next!", "cgRtcCqe71I-00033-00013950-00013991": "Have fun!"}}, {"audio_id": "ch8xJdulTKc", "text": {"ch8xJdulTKc-00000-00000100-00000500": "Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on method overloading in java.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00001-00000600-00000700": "In this tutorial we will learn", "ch8xJdulTKc-00002-00000800-00000900": "What is method overloading.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00003-00001000-00001200": "And  \tto overload method.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00004-00001300-00002300": "Here we are using  Ubuntu version 11.10  OS  Java Development kit 1.6  And Eclipse 3.7.0", "ch8xJdulTKc-00005-00002400-00002500": "To follow this tutorial you must know", "ch8xJdulTKc-00006-00002600-00002800": "how to create methods and", "ch8xJdulTKc-00007-00002900-00003100": "To overload constructor in java using eclipse.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00008-00003200-00003800": "If not, for relevant tutorials please visit our website which is as shown, (http://www.spoken-tutorial.org)", "ch8xJdulTKc-00009-00003900-00004100": "What is method overloading?", "ch8xJdulTKc-00010-00004200-00004500": "Define two or more methods with same name within a class.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00011-00004600-00004900": "They must differ in number or types of parameters.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00012-00005000-00005300": "These methods are called overloaded methods.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00013-00005400-00005600": "The process is called method overloading.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00014-00005700-00005900": "Let us now see how to overload method.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00015-00006000-00006500": "In eclipse, I have a class Addition.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00016-00006600-00006900": "Inside the class  we will  declare two integer variables.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00017-00007000-00007800": "So type int a is equalto 10 and int b is equalto 5.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00018-00007900-00008200": "Let us create a method to add these two integers.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00019-00008300-00008900": "So type void add parentheses.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00020-00009000-00009900": "Within curly brackets type System dot out dot println.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00021-00010000-00010300": "Inside  parentheses a+b.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00022-00010400-00010900": "So this method will give us the sum of two integer variables.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00023-00011000-00011400": "Let us create another method which takes two parameter.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00024-00011500-00012300": "So type void addTwoNumbers.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00025-00012400-00013300": "Within parentheses int num1 comma int num2.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00026-00013400-00015400": "Then within curly brackets System dot out dot println num1 plus num2.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00027-00015500-00016300": "So this method will give us the sum of two  values that are passed as argument to this methods.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00028-00016400-00016800": "Let us create an object of the class and call the methods.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00029-00016900-00019200": "So in  the  Main method  type Addition  i.e the class name  obj is equalto new Addition parentheses semicolon.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00030-00019300-00019700": "Then Obj.add", "ch8xJdulTKc-00031-00019800-00021000": "And Obj.addTwonumbers  within parentheses.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00032-00021100-00021200": "we  will pass  two arguments.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00033-00021300-00021600": "Suppose if we pass floating point values.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00034-00021700-00022400": "So type 2.5 comma and an  integer 3.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00035-00022500-00023600": "We get an error which states that , the method addTwoNumbers  int comma int  of the  class addition is not applicable for the argument double comma int.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00036-00023700-00024500": "So what we do is in the method instead of int we will give double.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00037-00024600-00025100": "So replace intby double. Save the file", "ch8xJdulTKc-00038-00025200-00025600": "we see that the error is resolved.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00039-00025700-00026300": "we also  know that Java automatically i.e. implicitly coverts int into double.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00040-00026400-00026700": "So here we can pass  an integer arguments as well.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00041-00026800-00027100": "Now  Save and Run the program", "ch8xJdulTKc-00042-00027200-00027600": "In the output we see the sum of two integers variables,", "ch8xJdulTKc-00043-00027700-00028200": "And the sum of two numeric arguments that we passed.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00044-00028300-00028900": "Now we see that both the method performs same operation.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00045-00029000-00029900": "The difference is that the first method  has no parameter. While the second method has  parameters.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00046-00030000-00030400": "So in such case java provides us with method overloading.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00047-00030500-00030800": "So what we do is give same name to both the methods.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00048-00030900-00032800": "So replace addTwoNumbers with add  also change here.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00049-00032900-00033200": "We will define one more method with same opearation.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00050-00033300-00033700": "So type void add.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00051-00033800-00035000": "AndWithin parentheses int n1 comma int n2 comma int n3.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00052-00035100-00035300": "So we have given three parameters.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00053-00035400-00036200": "Then Within curly brackets System dot out dot println.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00054-00036300-00037000": "Within parentheses n1 plus n2 plus n3.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00055-00037100-00037600": "So this method will give sum of three numbers.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00056-00037700-00037800": "let us call this method.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00057-00037900-00039400": "So type obj dot add 1 comma 5 comma 4", "ch8xJdulTKc-00058-00039500-00040600": "Save' and Run", "ch8xJdulTKc-00059-00040700-00041100": "So Java compiler overloads the proper method depending on the parameters.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00060-00041200-00041600": "It checks the number and type of parameter passed", "ch8xJdulTKc-00061-00041700-00042000": "So as a programmer we dont have worry about the method name.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00062-00042100-00042400": "Nor even the type or number of argument we  passed.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00063-00042500-00043000": "We can create one more method which append strings.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00064-00043100-00043400": "So we will create one more overload  method", "ch8xJdulTKc-00065-00043500-00044800": "type void add String s1 comma String s2.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00066-00044900-00046000": "Within curly brackets System dot out dot println.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00067-00046100-00046400": "Within parentheses s1 plus s2.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00068-00046500-00046900": "And we will  call  this method.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00069-00047000-00047400": "So type obj dot add.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00070-00047500-00048600": "Within parentheses in double quotes Hello comma in double quotes space World.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00071-00048700-00049100": "Now   Save and Run the program.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00072-00049200-00049500": "So in the output we see Hello space World.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00073-00049600-00050000": "So the add method with two string arguments, appends the string.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00074-00050100-00050600": "Suppose now we declare add method with return type.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00075-00050700-00051900": "So type int add parentheses  no  parameter and curly brackets.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00076-00052000-00052700": "We get an error  it states that duplicate method add in type addition", "ch8xJdulTKc-00077-00052800-00053300": "This is because we have already declared a   method add with no parameters.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00078-00053400-00053700": "So remember that to overload method the parameters must differ.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00079-00053800-00054200": "Having different return types will not overload the method.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00080-00054300-00054800": "So remove this method  and Save the file.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00081-00054900-00055500": "This is how method overloading is done in java", "ch8xJdulTKc-00082-00055600-00055700": "So in this tutorial we learnt,", "ch8xJdulTKc-00083-00055800-00055900": "About method overloading.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00084-00056000-00056100": "To overload method.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00085-00056200-00056400": "And advantage of method overloading.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00086-00056500-00057000": "For self assessment, create a method subtract  that subtracts number", "ch8xJdulTKc-00087-00057100-00057200": "Overload it.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00088-00057300-00057500": "To know more about the Spoken Tutorial Project", "ch8xJdulTKc-00089-00057600-00058100": "Watch the video available at http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken_Tutorial", "ch8xJdulTKc-00090-00058200-00058400": "It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project", "ch8xJdulTKc-00091-00058500-00058700": "If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it", "ch8xJdulTKc-00092-00058800-00058900": "The Spoken Tutorial Project Team", "ch8xJdulTKc-00093-00059000-00059100": "Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials", "ch8xJdulTKc-00094-00059200-00059500": "Give certificates  to those who pass an online test", "ch8xJdulTKc-00095-00059600-00060000": "For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org", "ch8xJdulTKc-00096-00060100-00060400": "Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project", "ch8xJdulTKc-00097-00060500-00061000": "It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India", "ch8xJdulTKc-00098-00061100-00061800": "More information on this Mission is available at http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro", "ch8xJdulTKc-00099-00061900-00062000": "We have come to the end of this tutorial.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00100-00062100-00062126": "Thanks for joining.", "ch8xJdulTKc-00101-00062200-00062700": "This is Prathamesh Salunke signing off.  Jai Hind."}}, {"audio_id": "chh_l-gKKL4", "text": {"chh_l-gKKL4-00000-00000070-00000270": "Hi, it's Yosuke Awata.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00001-00000270-00000530": "Today, I'll draw with pen & ink,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00002-00000530-00000825": "and will color with watercolor pencils.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00003-00000825-00001152": "Creating My New Painting Style", "chh_l-gKKL4-00004-00001152-00001535": "Lately, I'm drawing something like this or like this,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00005-00001535-00001804": "Design like these parts,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00006-00001804-00002073": "I think about Kandinsky", "chh_l-gKKL4-00007-00002073-00002424": "I'm creating my new painting style.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00008-00002424-00002742": "Just now, I've been drawing w/ color pencils,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00009-00002742-00003067": "and I realized I've been doing that for 4 or 5 hours.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00010-00003067-00003321": "With this style, on this paper,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00011-00003321-00003826": "I'm drawing with pen & ink and coloring with watercolor pencils.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00012-00004452-00004779": "I mentioned  the artist named Kandinsky.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00013-00004779-00005192": "Wassily Kandinsky was born in Russia in 1866,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00014-00005192-00005708": "He was one of the pioneer of abstract painting.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00015-00005708-00006157": "He worked mainly in Germany and France as a painter.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00016-00006317-00006648": "I draw abstract image on back ground,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00017-00006648-00007051": "and I'm adding that in my new style.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00018-00008846-00009280": "Ink is dried, so I'm coloring w/ watercolor pencil now!", "chh_l-gKKL4-00019-00011672-00011965": "I said I was influenced by Kandinsky,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00020-00011965-00012337": "but some of you might think it's not Kandinsky at all!", "chh_l-gKKL4-00021-00012337-00012747": "I didn't mean I try to make my work look like Kandinsky,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00022-00012747-00013286": "When I looked at Kandinsky's works, I thought about something,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00023-00013286-00013671": "then I create my own shapes and draw.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00024-00013671-00013960": "not make it look like Kandinsky's,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00025-00013960-00014493": "I was influenced by Kandinsky's work and drawing my own shapes.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00026-00020937-00021213": "I finished!", "chh_l-gKKL4-00027-00021349-00021679": "The small ones I drew earlier,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00028-00021679-00022039": "I was influenced by Kandinsky,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00029-00022039-00022477": "There was another pioneer of abstract named Mondrian,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00030-00022477-00022893": "I brought Mondrian looking into back ground.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00031-00022893-00023423": "After a while, I stoped thinking about Kandinsky and Mondrian.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00032-00023423-00023805": "This one I imaged Kandinsky.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00033-00023805-00024444": "After this one, I wasn't influenced by neither Kandinsky nor Mondrian.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00034-00024450-00024800": "Like this drawing's color combination,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00035-00024800-00025290": "I've been creating color combination that people want.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00036-00025290-00025521": "This one also.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00037-00025521-00025887": "Well, I also like those color combos.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00038-00025887-00026280": "After I drew for a while, I stop thinking about that,", "chh_l-gKKL4-00039-00026280-00026732": "I started to use color combos only I like.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00040-00026732-00027435": "Especially this one, I like it but I guess many people don't like the color combos.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00041-00027435-00027765": "I think it's okay as an artwork.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00042-00027765-00028072": "These are colors make me very comfortable.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00043-00028072-00028635": "I think I'll be able to many types of color combos", "chh_l-gKKL4-00044-00028635-00029121": "I like and also many people want.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00045-00029121-00029757": "Well, today I drew with my new style with pen & ink w/ watercolor pencils.", "chh_l-gKKL4-00046-00029757-00029980": "Thank you for watching!", "chh_l-gKKL4-00047-00029980-00030507": "if you like this video, please consider subscribing!", "chh_l-gKKL4-00048-00030507-00030902": "See you next time! Bye bye!!"}}, {"audio_id": "chpIjfulYWM", "text": {"chpIjfulYWM-00000-00000000-00000200": "gbpjpy analysis"}}, {"audio_id": "chvDqCM4wZc", "text": {"chvDqCM4wZc-00000-00000078-00000552": "Welcome back to my channel, Planet Saving Novice. We're going to do something a", "chvDqCM4wZc-00001-00000552-00001026": "little bit different today. I'm not down the river, I'm not doing electric cars.", "chvDqCM4wZc-00002-00001098-00001698": "In this video I'm going to show you how to get the best out of planting Conkers. So I did this", "chvDqCM4wZc-00003-00001698-00002454": "a couple of years ago and I had great results and got lots of strong healthy Conker trees. I also", "chvDqCM4wZc-00004-00002454-00003234": "used this same method with Acorns trees so you can do that too. So I'm just going to show you what", "chvDqCM4wZc-00005-00003234-00004182": "to do. Here is a bag of Conkers that I already collected. There is one Acorn in there as well.", "chvDqCM4wZc-00006-00004182-00004794": "And the best thing to do is, you get a bucket of water. So I've already got some water in there.", "chvDqCM4wZc-00007-00004938-00005754": "You want enough water in there to allow a distinct different between any Conkers floating and", "chvDqCM4wZc-00008-00005754-00006354": "any sinking. So I've not tried these Conkers, and I'm just going to pour them in the water.", "chvDqCM4wZc-00009-00007290-00007776": "And I'm just going to give it a few minutes to allow those that want to float, float,", "chvDqCM4wZc-00010-00007776-00007938": "and those that want to sink, sink.", "chvDqCM4wZc-00011-00008340-00008580": "I've not got many Conkers, probably under about", "chvDqCM4wZc-00012-00008736-00009744": "15? Something like that. And one Acorn. In fact, this is the Acorn, I'm just", "chvDqCM4wZc-00013-00009744-00010218": "going to take it's little cap off because that might be changing the outcome, and drop that in.", "chvDqCM4wZc-00014-00010650-00011268": "Ok, so, I can see a difference. I'll just show you on the camera. So you can see there that I've", "chvDqCM4wZc-00015-00011268-00012372": "go one Conker clearly floating and my Acorn's floating as well. And what that means is,", "chvDqCM4wZc-00016-00012372-00013116": "that there are air pockets in that one Conker and the Acorn. So somethings either got in there and", "chvDqCM4wZc-00017-00013116-00013734": "nibbled away or it's started rotting perhaps, and they're not going to take off if we plant them.", "chvDqCM4wZc-00018-00014022-00014472": "So now I'm just gonna fish these two out as they're no use.", "chvDqCM4wZc-00019-00014766-00015563": "And I'm going to go and drain the water. Ok now I'm going to", "chvDqCM4wZc-00020-00015563-00015941": "get the Conkers out. Just put them there. There", "chvDqCM4wZc-00021-00017058-00017940": "we go. I appreciate that this is not ideal long term, but for now, just to get them started,", "chvDqCM4wZc-00022-00018054-00018330": "I've just got them all together really. Hopefully there will be enough space.", "chvDqCM4wZc-00023-00018516-00019152": "This is my own compost there there are lots of little seeds in there. That's from a butternut", "chvDqCM4wZc-00024-00019152-00019878": "squash. So I'll have all sorts growing. When you plant your Conkers you want the little tummies,", "chvDqCM4wZc-00025-00019878-00020352": "the little grey tummy facing downwards. And you don't need to put them all the way", "chvDqCM4wZc-00026-00020352-00021028": "into the ground, into the soil. Just enough like that, just so that the tummy is in. I'm", "chvDqCM4wZc-00027-00021252-00022056": "not sure how many I've got so I haven't worked out how many rows I need. A bit of", "chvDqCM4wZc-00028-00023010-00023106": "Avocado skin.", "chvDqCM4wZc-00029-00024660-00025158": "There we go and I'll find another container for those three.", "chvDqCM4wZc-00030-00025596-00026244": "And that's it for now. And then all we need to do is make sure we leave", "chvDqCM4wZc-00031-00026244-00027126": "them outdoors because the cold weather, over winter, will activate the growth and you'll", "chvDqCM4wZc-00032-00027126-00027545": "start to see a split near the top and a little tail will start to poke through.", "chvDqCM4wZc-00033-00027642-00028380": "If you want to see more about this you can visit my website, planetsavingnovice.com, I think it is.", "chvDqCM4wZc-00034-00028554-00029082": "There is also sorts on that website and I've not been on it for ages so have a look. There's an", "chvDqCM4wZc-00035-00029082-00029772": "article on there that I wrote, and you can see the various stages of Conker growing.", "chvDqCM4wZc-00036-00029958-00030426": "So that's it for now, I hope you enjoyed this video. Don't forget to like and subscribe.", "chvDqCM4wZc-00037-00030426-00031002": "We'll come back in about April/May time, when we'll start to see a bit more growth."}}, {"audio_id": "chIzJFa3uiQ", "text": {"chIzJFa3uiQ-00000-00000000-00001002": "Hi how are you today we're playing pubg mobile and win we are playing with Osama we need 100 subscribers", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00001-00002001-00003004": "We need 10 likes Osama start the game jumb down", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00002-00004002-00006503": "I will kill one i will kill people here", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00003-00008300-00008500": "I give him", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00004-00008702-00009100": "I was telling you to look from the other side", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00005-00011403-00012001": "I kill him Are there other people", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00006-00013503-00014000": "you have it yes", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00007-00014902-00015401": "I killed the rest Four yes", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00008-00015804-00018003": "My Kill not finished Car follow them", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00009-00018003-00018500": "Go down Osam", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00010-00021302-00021601": "Where in the sky finish no come", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00011-00023704-00024001": "Leave it to revive you", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00012-00024702-00025001": "He is coming", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00013-00025604-00026000": "Coming what is this   Bot", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00014-00026602-00027000": "Stop the car on tha brideg", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00015-00027603-00028001": "Stop the car to go him can go on the boat   They can blow it up", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00016-00030304-00030700": "behind us", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00017-00031403-00031700": "What is this", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00018-00033304-00033502": "I will kill him", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00019-00042002-00042501": "What is this easy win", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00020-00043000-00043599": "See that", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00021-00048002-00048597": "Listen to me", "chIzJFa3uiQ-00022-00048597-00049396": "All right, guys, we'll stop here. If you like the video, put a like and subscribe to the channel. Well, hello, we want to reach 100 subscribers and 10 likes."}}, {"audio_id": "chU2Jbw0r7c", "text": {"chU2Jbw0r7c-00000-00000096-00000478": "When we want to understand how we multiply decimals,", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00001-00000478-00000856": "it's easiest to think in terms of fractions.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00002-00000902-00001000": "Why?", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00003-00001022-00001382": "Because multiplying fractions is actually really simple.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00004-00001448-00001710": "So, let's say we wanted to multiply,", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00005-00001839-00002260": "six point seven times zero point two one.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00006-00002346-00002770": "Let's write these as fractions and see what happens.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00007-00002894-00003040": "Six point seven?", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00008-00003040-00003479": "That's just the digits six seven.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00009-00003602-00003976": "And then, one zero on the denominator.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00010-00004190-00004332": "Zero point two one?", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00011-00004332-00004686": "That's just the digits two one.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00012-00004742-00005040": "And then two zeros in the denominator.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00013-00005134-00005310": "When we multiply that?", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00014-00005356-00005560": "Well, our numerator is going to be,", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00015-00005560-00005828": "sixty-seven times twenty-one.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00016-00005874-00006072": "And our denominator is going to be,", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00017-00006072-00006364": "ten times a hundred.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00018-00006500-00006673": "Ten times a hundred?", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00019-00006742-00006876": "That's a thousand.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00020-00006959-00007158": "Sixty-seven times twenty-one,", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00021-00007158-00007342": "I think I'm going to want to write out.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00022-00007431-00007998": "Sixty-seven, twenty-one, times.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00023-00008081-00008314": "Multiplying the ones place.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00024-00008342-00008520": "One times seven is seven.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00025-00008520-00008738": "One times six is six.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00026-00008796-00009012": "Multiplying the tens place.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00027-00009012-00009264": "Two times seven is fourteen.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00028-00009326-00009692": "Two times six is twelve, thirteen.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00029-00009872-00009990": "Add them up.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00030-00010086-00010702": "Seven, ten, four, one.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00031-00010758-00011242": "That's one thousand four hundred seven thousandths.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00032-00011286-00011354": "Hmm.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00033-00011466-00011886": "OK, as a decimal then, I'll have the digits,", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00034-00011886-00012280": "one four zero seven.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00035-00012318-00012710": "And then three digits after the decimal point.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00036-00012792-00012938": "What's happened here?", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00037-00012980-00013191": "Well, hopefully you know what the pattern", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00038-00013191-00013540": "was going to be before we saw it, right?", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00039-00013540-00013778": "We just multiplied the numerators.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00040-00013790-00014088": "So, we ignored the decimal points and multiplied.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00041-00014178-00014544": "And then we multiplied the denominators.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00042-00014560-00014744": "What did that amount to?", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00043-00014744-00015224": "Well, we multiplied ten times a hundred", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00044-00015296-00015424": "and got a thousand.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00045-00015488-00015896": "In general, we totaled the number of digits", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00046-00015896-00016036": "after the decimal point.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00047-00016208-00016570": "Now, of course, if we meet this multiplication problem", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00048-00016570-00016886": "in real life, we're probably going to use a calculator.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00049-00016968-00017298": "We'll enter it into the calculator as six point seven", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00050-00017344-00017624": "times zero point two one.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00051-00017642-00017966": "The zero before the decimal point is optional.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00052-00017966-00018270": "I like to enter it just so that it's easier for me to see", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00053-00018270-00018406": "the decimal point.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00054-00018520-00018818": "And we get, one point four zero seven.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00055-00018962-00019230": "If we can just do this on the calculator,", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00056-00019230-00019510": "why do we need to know how to do it by hand?", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00057-00019668-00020110": "The answer to that is, well, if you're entering this", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00058-00020110-00020364": "in the calculator, what kind of mistakes are you", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00059-00020364-00020490": "likely to make?", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00060-00020656-00020920": "You might forget to hit the decimal point,", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00061-00020960-00021312": "you might put the decimal point in the wrong place,", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00062-00021340-00021636": "you might enter digits in the wrong order,", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00063-00021636-00021864": "or leave out some zeros.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00064-00021930-00022338": "So, you want to be able to get a good estimate", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00065-00022338-00022564": "of the result of your multiplication.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00066-00022756-00022938": "So, how would we estimate", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00067-00022938-00023140": "this multiplication problem?", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00068-00023202-00023452": "Well, we would round each number to have", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00069-00023453-00023604": "one nonzero digit.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00070-00023604-00023934": "So, we would round six point seven.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00071-00024076-00024252": "Well, that's about seven.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00072-00024422-00024600": "Zero point two one?", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00073-00024810-00025052": "Well, that's about zero point two.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00074-00025144-00025610": "And then seven times zero point two?", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00075-00025758-00026054": "Well, seven times two is fourteen.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00076-00026118-00026468": "And then we want one digit after the decimal point.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00077-00026548-00026866": "So, we would expect that six point seven", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00078-00026866-00027292": "times zero point two one is about one point four.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00079-00027592-00028062": "If I were to, for example, accidentally punch that in", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00080-00028066-00028456": "as six point seven times two point one,", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00081-00028512-00028789": "I would get something that's around fourteen", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00082-00028830-00029104": "and immediately know that that couldn't possibly", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00083-00029104-00029194": "be right.", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00084-00029364-00029706": "So, why do we need to do this by hand", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00085-00029706-00029942": "even though we can do it on a calculator?", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00086-00030004-00030226": "We want to be able to predict about what", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00087-00030227-00030552": "our answer will be so that we'll know immediately", "chU2Jbw0r7c-00088-00030552-00030800": "if we've punched it in incorrectly."}}, {"audio_id": "cijVeptWSiE", "text": {"cijVeptWSiE-00000-00000000-00000242": "it's time to wake up...", "cijVeptWSiE-00001-00000242-00000430": "let's take the red pill...", "cijVeptWSiE-00002-00000484-00000806": "let's follow the white rabbit...", "cijVeptWSiE-00003-00002338-00002808": "from the beginning of recorded history and for thousands upon thousands of", "cijVeptWSiE-00004-00002808-00003398": "years cultures across the entire world all believed the earth was flat their", "cijVeptWSiE-00005-00003398-00003864": "various cosmologies and cosmogony z' differed in slight ways but their", "cijVeptWSiE-00006-00003864-00004320": "overall geographies and astronomy's were incredibly consistent and in fact", "cijVeptWSiE-00007-00004320-00004887": "virtually identical the earth was a stationary plane void of any motion or", "cijVeptWSiE-00008-00004887-00005528": "curvature flat across its entire expanse except of course for hills mountains and", "cijVeptWSiE-00009-00005528-00006012": "valleys the North Pole was the magnetic monopole center point of the Flat Earth", "cijVeptWSiE-00010-00006012-00006411": "with Polaris the north pole star situated directly", "cijVeptWSiE-00011-00006411-00006975": "above Polaris was the only motionless star in the heavens with all the other", "cijVeptWSiE-00012-00006975-00007467": "constellations revolving perfect circles over the earth every night the stars", "cijVeptWSiE-00013-00007467-00007934": "were divided into two categories known as the fixed stars and the wandering", "cijVeptWSiE-00014-00007934-00008468": "stars the fixed stars were so called because they were observed then as we", "cijVeptWSiE-00015-00008468-00008853": "can observe today to stay fixed in their constellation patterns", "cijVeptWSiE-00016-00008853-00009402": "night after night year after year century after century never changing", "cijVeptWSiE-00017-00009402-00009725": "their relative positions the wandering stars", "cijVeptWSiE-00018-00009725-00010157": "what are today referred to as planets were so called because they were", "cijVeptWSiE-00019-00010157-00010659": "observed then as we can observe today to wander the heavens taking their own", "cijVeptWSiE-00020-00010659-00011189": "unique spirograph like patterns making both forward and retrograde motions over", "cijVeptWSiE-00021-00011189-00011784": "and around the earth during their cycles the Sun and Moon were both of equal size", "cijVeptWSiE-00022-00011784-00012282": "and they too revolved over and around the motionless earth as immortalized in", "cijVeptWSiE-00023-00012282-00012750": "the Chinese yin-yang symbol the Sun and Moon were much closer to Earth than", "cijVeptWSiE-00024-00012750-00013103": "suppose nowadays and each shined with their own", "cijVeptWSiE-00025-00013103-00013606": "Niq opposite lights the sun's being warm golden drying preservative and", "cijVeptWSiE-00026-00013606-00014168": "antiseptic and the moon's light being cold silver damp putrefying and septic", "cijVeptWSiE-00027-00014168-00014759": "the Sun and Moon as though connected to a magnetic maple made alternating spiral", "cijVeptWSiE-00028-00014759-00015295": "journeys over and around the earth every year the Sun began its journey at the", "cijVeptWSiE-00029-00015295-00015745": "Tropic of Capricorn at the winter solstice where it made its fastest and", "cijVeptWSiE-00030-00015745-00016216": "largest circle over the earth for the next three months every day the Sun", "cijVeptWSiE-00031-00016216-00016664": "slightly narrowed its path and slowed its speed until by the spring equinox", "cijVeptWSiE-00032-00016664-00017243": "the Sun had spiraled its way from the Tropic of Capricorn to the equator then", "cijVeptWSiE-00033-00017243-00017714": "for the next three months again every day the Sun continued to slightly narrow", "cijVeptWSiE-00034-00017714-00018220": "its path and slow its speed until the summer solstice when the Sun made its", "cijVeptWSiE-00035-00018220-00018731": "smallest slowest circle around the Tropic of Cancer once the Sun reached", "cijVeptWSiE-00036-00018731-00019250": "this innermost circle like the ribbons and dancers around the Maypole the Sun", "cijVeptWSiE-00037-00019250-00019790": "would then begin its opposing widening quickening journey back to the Tropic of", "cijVeptWSiE-00038-00019790-00020282": "Capricorn for the next three months every day the Sun slightly widened its", "cijVeptWSiE-00039-00020282-00020765": "path and hastened its speed until the autumnal equinox the Sun had spiraled", "cijVeptWSiE-00040-00020765-00021263": "its way from the Tropic of Cancer back to the equator then for the next", "cijVeptWSiE-00041-00021263-00021679": "three months again every day the Sun continued to slightly widen its path and", "cijVeptWSiE-00042-00021679-00022145": "hasten at speed until the winter solstice when the Sun made its largest", "cijVeptWSiE-00043-00022145-00022604": "fastest circle around the Tropic of Capricorn and the annual journey began", "cijVeptWSiE-00044-00022604-00023182": "again the Moon had a similar yearly path revolving over and around the earth but", "cijVeptWSiE-00045-00023182-00023645": "unlike the Sun which constantly changed its speed to keep a consistent 24-hour", "cijVeptWSiE-00046-00023645-00024194": "day the moon's speed never changed so depending on its latitude the moon was", "cijVeptWSiE-00047-00024194-00024713": "observed then as we can observe today to take approximately 24 point seven to", "cijVeptWSiE-00048-00024713-00025166": "twenty five hours per cycle this is why at different times and places during", "cijVeptWSiE-00049-00025166-00025637": "each month we can see the moon in the morning afternoon or night this is also", "cijVeptWSiE-00050-00025637-00026077": "the origin of old fairy tales such as the hare and the Hedgehog or The", "cijVeptWSiE-00051-00026077-00026450": "Tortoise and the hare the hare like the Sun", "cijVeptWSiE-00052-00026450-00026933": "begins the annual race full of energy excitement and ego declaring himself the", "cijVeptWSiE-00053-00026933-00027419": "definite winner and gets off to an immediate head start meanwhile equally", "cijVeptWSiE-00054-00027419-00027839": "confident in his seemingly lesser abilities the humble slow and steady", "cijVeptWSiE-00055-00027839-00028388": "tortoise moon begins as well allowing the hair to lead as the race carries on", "cijVeptWSiE-00056-00028388-00028901": "the cocky hair tires and slows down or takes a nap at which point the tortoise", "cijVeptWSiE-00057-00028901-00029308": "overtakes him this is analogous to the moon reaching the Tropic of Cancer", "cijVeptWSiE-00058-00029308-00029819": "before the Sun each year and beginning its return journey when the hare reaches", "cijVeptWSiE-00059-00029819-00030242": "this halfway point of the race he realizes his lackluster attitude has", "cijVeptWSiE-00060-00030242-00030677": "resulted in being overtaken by the slower tortoise and begins to speed up", "cijVeptWSiE-00061-00030677-00031189": "again then for the remainder of the race the Sun picks up speed day by day", "cijVeptWSiE-00062-00031189-00031643": "gaining on the moon but ultimately losing as the slow and steady tortoise", "cijVeptWSiE-00063-00031643-00031970": "reaches the finish line before the hare and wins", "cijVeptWSiE-00064-00031970-00032501": "so for ancient man earth and Polaris were the two immovable center points of", "cijVeptWSiE-00065-00032501-00032999": "the universe around which the Sun Moon and other stars all revolved in a", "cijVeptWSiE-00066-00032999-00033509": "dome-like shape some cultures believed in a literal physical solid dome or", "cijVeptWSiE-00067-00033509-00034013": "firmament to which the fixed stars were bound other cultures mythologized the", "cijVeptWSiE-00068-00034013-00034463": "Axis Mundi as the world tree with Polaris at the center and all the other", "cijVeptWSiE-00069-00034463-00034955": "constellations forming the branches in these Flat Earth depictions the North", "cijVeptWSiE-00070-00034955-00035402": "Pole occupied the center point and South was all straight lines extending", "cijVeptWSiE-00071-00035402-00035789": "outwards from there east and west were not straight lines as", "cijVeptWSiE-00072-00035789-00036275": "is assumed nowadays but were in fact circles just like all lines of latitude", "cijVeptWSiE-00073-00036275-00036800": "and the paths of the celestial bodies the southern circumference of earth was", "cijVeptWSiE-00074-00036800-00037337": "surrounded by a gigantic wall of ice 150 to 200 feet above sea level", "cijVeptWSiE-00075-00037337-00037880": "holding the interconnected oceans in like a world cup beyond the ice wall", "cijVeptWSiE-00076-00037880-00038312": "some cultures claimed a firm barrier existed through which no human could", "cijVeptWSiE-00077-00038312-00038708": "penetrate other cultures believed there were entire worlds and other", "cijVeptWSiE-00078-00038708-00039182": "civilizations existing beyond the Antarctic ice currently and for the past", "cijVeptWSiE-00079-00039182-00039571": "half century there has existed an International Antarctic Treaty", "cijVeptWSiE-00080-00039571-00040024": "preventing all independent exploration of Antarctica pre-approved", "cijVeptWSiE-00081-00040024-00040502": "guided tours exist which take visitors to a few coastal regions of Antarctica", "cijVeptWSiE-00082-00040502-00041027": "but no independent exploration of the continent is allowed sailors like y RL", "cijVeptWSiE-00083-00041027-00041486": "and hoy have been caught attempting to explore Antarctica and threatened turned", "cijVeptWSiE-00084-00041486-00041974": "around at gunpoint find and jailed for violating this militarily enforced", "cijVeptWSiE-00085-00041974-00042455": "international treaty as a result the public currently has no way to confirm", "cijVeptWSiE-00086-00042455-00042968": "or deny the seemingly fantastical claims of ancient man concerning what may or", "cijVeptWSiE-00087-00042968-00043459": "may not exist at the southernmost extremities of the earth we can however", "cijVeptWSiE-00088-00043459-00043891": "confirm that this 200-foot ice walls surrounding the southern circumference", "cijVeptWSiE-00089-00043891-00044405": "of the earth most certainly exists we can confirm that Polaris is indeed the", "cijVeptWSiE-00090-00044405-00044933": "only non moving star in the sky all the fixed stars indeed rotate perfect", "cijVeptWSiE-00091-00044933-00045355": "circles around Polaris while remaining stuck in their relative constellations", "cijVeptWSiE-00092-00045355-00045889": "night after night year after year century after century the wandering", "cijVeptWSiE-00093-00045889-00046343": "stars or planets do indeed wander the heavens taking their own unique", "cijVeptWSiE-00094-00046343-00046870": "spirograph like paths when charted from a geocentric perspective the Sun and", "cijVeptWSiE-00095-00046870-00047402": "Moon are indeed observably of equal size and revolve over and around us in daily", "cijVeptWSiE-00096-00047402-00047962": "cycles just as the ancients observed the sun's annual path does indeed travel", "cijVeptWSiE-00097-00047962-00048427": "from the Tropic of Capricorn at the winter solstice to the equator at spring", "cijVeptWSiE-00098-00048427-00048955": "equinox to the Tropic of Cancer at the summer solstice back to the equator at", "cijVeptWSiE-00099-00048955-00049564": "autumnal equinox and finally back to the Tropic of Cancer at winter solstice the", "cijVeptWSiE-00100-00049564-00050068": "sun's light is indeed warm golden drying preservative and antiseptic while the", "cijVeptWSiE-00101-00050068-00050572": "moon's light is indeed cold silver damp putrifying and sceptic a thermometer", "cijVeptWSiE-00102-00050572-00051005": "placed in the sun's light will always read warmer than a thermometer placed in", "cijVeptWSiE-00103-00051005-00051409": "the sun's shade while a thermometer placed in the moon's light will always", "cijVeptWSiE-00104-00051409-00051899": "read cooler than a thermometer placed in the moon shade plant and animal", "cijVeptWSiE-00105-00051899-00052408": "substances exposed to sunlight quickly dry shrink coagulate and lose their", "cijVeptWSiE-00106-00052408-00052850": "tendency to decompose and putrefy whereas plant and animal substances", "cijVeptWSiE-00107-00052850-00053155": "exposed to moonlight will quickly show symptoms of", "cijVeptWSiE-00108-00053155-00053747": "future faction and decay last but not least just as the ancients espoused the", "cijVeptWSiE-00109-00053747-00054146": "earth is observably motionless to all our senses and the horizon remains", "cijVeptWSiE-00110-00054146-00054596": "perfectly flat as far as the eye can see not only does the horizon remain", "cijVeptWSiE-00111-00054596-00055121": "perfectly flat 360 degrees around the observer but whether at sea level the", "cijVeptWSiE-00112-00055121-00055598": "top of Mount Everest 35,000 feet high in an airplane or even", "cijVeptWSiE-00113-00055598-00056021": "at over a hundred thousand feet high the highest any amateur hot-air balloon has", "cijVeptWSiE-00114-00056021-00056537": "ever flown the flat horizon actually rises to the eye level of the observer", "cijVeptWSiE-00115-00056537-00057071": "all the way up on a globular earth no matter how large it is assumed to be the", "cijVeptWSiE-00116-00057071-00057545": "horizon would remain where it was and the rising observer would have to tilt", "cijVeptWSiE-00117-00057545-00058013": "his head downwards further and further the higher they rose to see the steadily", "cijVeptWSiE-00118-00058013-00058492": "falling horizon many people will be shocked to know that to this day every", "cijVeptWSiE-00119-00058492-00058966": "single scientific experiment ever devised to show the alleged motion of", "cijVeptWSiE-00120-00058966-00059462": "the earth has failed to do so or given evidence of the opposite but the earth", "cijVeptWSiE-00121-00059462-00059900": "is indeed motionless and every attempt ever made to measure the alleged", "cijVeptWSiE-00122-00059900-00060413": "curvature of the earth has failed to do so or given evidence of the opposite", "cijVeptWSiE-00123-00060413-00061025": "that the earth is indeed flat the first person in recorded history to ever claim", "cijVeptWSiE-00124-00061025-00061421": "the earth was anything but the flat motionless center of the universe was a", "cijVeptWSiE-00125-00061421-00061978": "Greek mathematician and philosopher named Pythagoras of Samos around 500 BC", "cijVeptWSiE-00126-00061978-00062516": "interestingly enough pythagoras has also been touted by free masonic historians", "cijVeptWSiE-00127-00062516-00062996": "such as Albert Mackey James Anderson William Hutchinson and William Preston", "cijVeptWSiE-00128-00062996-00063491": "as being the very first freemason presented more as a thought experiment", "cijVeptWSiE-00129-00063491-00063926": "than a complete cosmology Pythagoras posited that if the earth were a", "cijVeptWSiE-00130-00063926-00064391": "spherical globe turning on its vertical axis once per day while revolving", "cijVeptWSiE-00131-00064391-00064889": "annually around a stationary Sun that this model could also equally explain", "cijVeptWSiE-00132-00064889-00065387": "the cyclical motions of the heavenly bodies this heliocentric model was", "cijVeptWSiE-00133-00065387-00065825": "taught to initiates at pythagoras as Crotona school but never became popular", "cijVeptWSiE-00134-00065825-00066377": "or had an influence outside of Greece for another 2,000 years a century later", "cijVeptWSiE-00135-00066377-00066851": "another Greek mathematician and philosopher named Plato also espoused a", "cijVeptWSiE-00136-00066851-00067253": "spherical earth cosmology except he claimed the earth globe to be the", "cijVeptWSiE-00137-00067253-00067678": "motionless center of the universe with the Sun Moon and stars revolving around", "cijVeptWSiE-00138-00067678-00068237": "his most famous student Aristotle also wrote about this geocentric globe earth", "cijVeptWSiE-00139-00068237-00068735": "cosmology in his book on the heavens offering three main points of evidence", "cijVeptWSiE-00140-00068735-00069230": "for his theory firstly Aristotle noted that when sailing away from an observer", "cijVeptWSiE-00141-00069230-00069680": "on shore ships approaching the horizon disappeared from view hull before", "cijVeptWSiE-00142-00069680-00070091": "masthead and he postulated that this occurrence was due to the curvature of", "cijVeptWSiE-00143-00070091-00070574": "the earth Aristotle argued that the hull disappeared first because beyond the", "cijVeptWSiE-00144-00070574-00071015": "horizon the globe earth curved downwards causing the hull and eventually the", "cijVeptWSiE-00145-00071015-00071582": "masthead and entire ship to drop below the curvature today we can easily prove", "cijVeptWSiE-00146-00071582-00071958": "that Aristotle was incorrect in his assumption by using telescopes", "cijVeptWSiE-00147-00071958-00072503": "binoculars and zoom cameras once a ship has completely disappeared beyond the", "cijVeptWSiE-00148-00072503-00073025": "horizon modern technology allows us to zoom in and bring the entire vessel hull", "cijVeptWSiE-00149-00073025-00073493": "and all back into full view this proves that ships do not disappear", "cijVeptWSiE-00150-00073493-00073949": "hull first due to the alleged curvature of the earth and that the horizon line", "cijVeptWSiE-00151-00073949-00074426": "is in fact merely the vanishing point of perspective from a given observers point", "cijVeptWSiE-00152-00074426-00074929": "of view and not as Aristotle supposed the beginning of the Earth's curvature", "cijVeptWSiE-00153-00074929-00075437": "the horizon is subjective and varies in distance depending on the weather", "cijVeptWSiE-00154-00075437-00075902": "the observers height and the strength of his eyesight or instruments as noted", "cijVeptWSiE-00155-00075902-00076340": "previously the horizon actually rises to the eye of the observer no matter how", "cijVeptWSiE-00156-00076340-00076817": "high he climbs which also proves that the horizon line is not some objective", "cijVeptWSiE-00157-00076817-00077348": "point of curvature on a convex earth but rather the subjective vanishing point of", "cijVeptWSiE-00158-00077348-00077843": "perspective from a given observers point of view Aristotle's second point of", "cijVeptWSiE-00159-00077843-00078305": "evidence offered for his spherical earth theory was the Earth's round shadow cast", "cijVeptWSiE-00160-00078305-00078800": "on the moon during lunar eclipses to this day heliocentric still offer this", "cijVeptWSiE-00161-00078800-00079226": "argument as proof of a spherical earth claiming that during lunar eclipses the", "cijVeptWSiE-00162-00079226-00079591": "Sun Earth and Moon aligned in a perfect 180", "cijVeptWSiE-00163-00079591-00080058": "degrees syzygy like three billiard balls causing the Sun to cast the Earth's", "cijVeptWSiE-00164-00080058-00080547": "shadow onto the moon this clever but faulty assumption is rendered completely", "cijVeptWSiE-00165-00080547-00080982": "invalid however due to the fact that lunar eclipses have happened and", "cijVeptWSiE-00166-00080982-00081462": "continue to happen regularly when both the Sun and Moon are still visible", "cijVeptWSiE-00167-00081462-00081939": "together above the horizon as early as the time of Pliny the Elder there are", "cijVeptWSiE-00168-00081939-00082347": "records of eclipses happening while both the Sun and Moon were visible in the sky", "cijVeptWSiE-00169-00082347-00082754": "and continued to be recorded by the Royal Astronomical Society today", "cijVeptWSiE-00170-00082754-00083262": "obviously if the Sun and Moon are both observable simultaneously during an", "cijVeptWSiE-00171-00083262-00083718": "eclipse then they are not aligned in a hundred and eighty degrees syzygy and it", "cijVeptWSiE-00172-00083718-00084153": "is therefore impossible that the Sun could be casting Earth's shadow on the", "cijVeptWSiE-00173-00084153-00084687": "moon and some other explanation must be sought another explanation in fact", "cijVeptWSiE-00174-00084687-00085104": "already existed in many cultures around the world who posited that a third", "cijVeptWSiE-00175-00085104-00085662": "celestial body known as Rahu or the Black Sun also existed equal in size to", "cijVeptWSiE-00176-00085662-00086133": "the Sun and Moon this translucent dark body passed affront the Sun and Moon", "cijVeptWSiE-00177-00086133-00086622": "during solar and lunar eclipses causing their lights to dim Aristotle's final", "cijVeptWSiE-00178-00086622-00086940": "point of evidence offered for his spherical earth theory was the", "cijVeptWSiE-00179-00086940-00087375": "appearance of Polaris and other stars to gradually decline overhead as an", "cijVeptWSiE-00180-00087375-00087825": "observer travels southwards he argued that the gradual declination and", "cijVeptWSiE-00181-00087825-00088173": "eventual disappearance beyond the horizon of certain stars and", "cijVeptWSiE-00182-00088173-00088560": "constellations as one traveled southwards was evidence that the", "cijVeptWSiE-00183-00088560-00089035": "observer was traveling over a convex curved surface similar to the ships", "cijVeptWSiE-00184-00089035-00089493": "disappearing over the horizon argument Aristotle posited that the horizon line", "cijVeptWSiE-00185-00089493-00089907": "was the literal curvature of his spherical earth and the Stars which", "cijVeptWSiE-00186-00089907-00090348": "declined and disappeared beyond it became invisible because a massive", "cijVeptWSiE-00187-00090348-00090873": "curved earth existed between them and the observer in actual fact however the", "cijVeptWSiE-00188-00090873-00091302": "gradual declination of objects in the sky towards the horizon is merely a", "cijVeptWSiE-00189-00091302-00091803": "product of the law of perspective on plane surfaces as any art student of", "cijVeptWSiE-00190-00091803-00092319": "point perspective knows the human eye views the world in a pyramidal shape so", "cijVeptWSiE-00191-00092319-00092652": "that when looking down a long hallway the floor appears", "cijVeptWSiE-00192-00092652-00093181": "rise the ceiling appears to sink and the walls appear to narrow into a point at", "cijVeptWSiE-00193-00093181-00093618": "the center of the observers view of course the dimensions of the hallway", "cijVeptWSiE-00194-00093618-00094093": "remain constant for its entire length the floor does not actually rise the", "cijVeptWSiE-00195-00094093-00094585": "ceiling does not actually sink nor do the walls actually close in but to the", "cijVeptWSiE-00196-00094585-00094860": "human eye everything is perceived this way", "cijVeptWSiE-00197-00094860-00095430": "similarly when the Sun Moon airplanes or clouds appear to sink towards the", "cijVeptWSiE-00198-00095430-00095895": "horizon as they move away from us they are not actually losing altitude and", "cijVeptWSiE-00199-00095895-00096302": "slowly approaching sea level they are in fact maintaining the same altitude", "cijVeptWSiE-00200-00096302-00096762": "except they are moving away from you and so the law of perspective makes them", "cijVeptWSiE-00201-00096762-00097429": "appear to sink a century after Aristotle around 250 BC yet another Greek", "cijVeptWSiE-00202-00097429-00097897": "mathematician and philosopher named Eratosthenes made his claim to fame with", "cijVeptWSiE-00203-00097897-00098349": "a new alleged proof of the spherical earth Eratosthenes noted that at noon", "cijVeptWSiE-00204-00098349-00098856": "during the summer solstice at say n the Sun cast no shadow and the Rays could", "cijVeptWSiE-00205-00098856-00099333": "reach straight to the bottom of his well yet meanwhile in Alexandria a vertically", "cijVeptWSiE-00206-00099333-00099811": "standing metal rod cast a significant shadow by factoring the length of the", "cijVeptWSiE-00207-00099811-00100269": "shadow with his assumed distance to the Sun Eratosthenes recorded a measurement", "cijVeptWSiE-00208-00100269-00100723": "of Earth's circumference close to what heliocentric astronomers still use today", "cijVeptWSiE-00209-00100723-00101238": "the fact of the matter is however that Eratosthenes calculations were made", "cijVeptWSiE-00210-00101238-00101670": "assuming the Sun to be millions of miles away so that its rays would fall", "cijVeptWSiE-00211-00101670-00102235": "perfectly parallel even in points as divergent as tsiyon and Alexandria this", "cijVeptWSiE-00212-00102235-00102678": "faulty premise led to his faulty conclusion which was eventually exposed", "cijVeptWSiE-00213-00102678-00102918": "upon the invention of the nautical sextant", "cijVeptWSiE-00214-00102918-00103416": "using sextants and plane trigonometry by measuring the sun's angle at two points", "cijVeptWSiE-00215-00103416-00103813": "on earth simultaneously and factoring their distance from each other the", "cijVeptWSiE-00216-00103813-00104289": "Pythagorean theorem reveals both the height and dimensions of the Sun using", "cijVeptWSiE-00217-00104289-00104628": "this method the Sun and Moon have repeatedly been calculated to be", "cijVeptWSiE-00218-00104628-00105103": "approximately 32 miles in diameter 3,000 miles from the surface of the", "cijVeptWSiE-00219-00105103-00105628": "earth high-altitude balloon footage has also filmed lighting hot spots on clouds", "cijVeptWSiE-00220-00105628-00106116": "proving the Sun to be local and as a spotlight and not a burning ball of", "cijVeptWSiE-00221-00106116-00106782": "gas millions of miles away as supposed by heliocentric after Eratosthenes the", "cijVeptWSiE-00222-00106782-00107091": "globe Earth theory completely disappeared from philosophical thought", "cijVeptWSiE-00223-00107091-00107516": "and recorded history for almost two millennia geocentric Flat Earth", "cijVeptWSiE-00224-00107516-00108048": "cosmologies continued to reign supreme with even Eratosthenes himself touted as", "cijVeptWSiE-00225-00108048-00108608": "the father of geography depicting the earth is flat in his famous 194 BC map", "cijVeptWSiE-00226-00108608-00109083": "of the world cradies of malice invented the first model globe earth around this", "cijVeptWSiE-00227-00109083-00109469": "time as well but it failed to have any effect on the world at large", "cijVeptWSiE-00228-00109469-00110076": "fast forward to 1522 ad portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan became the", "cijVeptWSiE-00229-00110076-00110429": "first person in known histories to successfully sail around the world", "cijVeptWSiE-00230-00110429-00110930": "this circumnavigation of Earth soon became and continues to be touted today", "cijVeptWSiE-00231-00110930-00111420": "as absolute proof of the spherical earth theory if Magellan was able to sail east", "cijVeptWSiE-00232-00111420-00111828": "to west around the entire world and return to his original starting point", "cijVeptWSiE-00233-00111828-00112476": "surely the earth cannot be flat and must be a globe right wrong just as a compass", "cijVeptWSiE-00234-00112476-00112890": "can place its center point on a flat piece of paper trace a circle either way", "cijVeptWSiE-00235-00112890-00113339": "around and return to its original starting point so can a ship or plane", "cijVeptWSiE-00236-00113339-00113796": "circumnavigate a Flat Earth the only kind of circumnavigation which", "cijVeptWSiE-00237-00113796-00114254": "could not happen on a flat earth is north south bound which to this day has", "cijVeptWSiE-00238-00114254-00114801": "still never been done both the North Pole in Antarctica our military enforced", "cijVeptWSiE-00239-00114801-00115251": "no fly and no Cell zones due to restrictions originating from none other", "cijVeptWSiE-00240-00115251-00115749": "than the United Nations the same United Nations that huddle E uses a Flat Earth", "cijVeptWSiE-00241-00115749-00116372": "Map in their official logo and flag in 1543 just days before his death", "cijVeptWSiE-00242-00116372-00116904": "Freemason and Jesuit Nicholas Copernicus published his book on the revolutions of", "cijVeptWSiE-00243-00116904-00117383": "the celestial spheres which revived the old heliocentric cosmology of Pythagoras", "cijVeptWSiE-00244-00117383-00117846": "and began the so called Copernican revolution away from a flat geocentric", "cijVeptWSiE-00245-00117846-00118350": "model and towards a global heliocentric model since his book claimed earth to be", "cijVeptWSiE-00246-00118350-00118776": "a tilting wobbling spinning sphere revolving at breakneck speeds around a", "cijVeptWSiE-00247-00118776-00119244": "stationary Sun it was initially met with due incredulity", "cijVeptWSiE-00248-00119244-00119571": "Copernicus always countered this by claiming his theories were merely", "cijVeptWSiE-00249-00119571-00120078": "hypotheses and shouldn't be considered truth in his book he even wrote quote", "cijVeptWSiE-00250-00120078-00120594": "the Pythagorean teaching was founded upon hypothesis and it is not necessary", "cijVeptWSiE-00251-00120594-00121083": "that the hypothesis should be true or even probable the hypothesis of the", "cijVeptWSiE-00252-00121083-00121539": "movement of the earth is only one which is useful to explain phenomena but it", "cijVeptWSiE-00253-00121539-00122073": "should not be considered as an absolute truth contemporaries of Copernicus such", "cijVeptWSiE-00254-00122073-00122514": "as Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe he famously argued against his heliocentric", "cijVeptWSiE-00255-00122514-00122922": "model positing that if the earth revolved in an orbit around the Sun the", "cijVeptWSiE-00256-00122922-00123369": "change in relative position of the Stars after six months of orbital motion could", "cijVeptWSiE-00257-00123369-00123843": "not fail to be seen brah he wrote that the Stars should seem to separate as we", "cijVeptWSiE-00258-00123843-00124392": "approach and come together as we recede in actual fact however after millions of", "cijVeptWSiE-00259-00124392-00124854": "miles of supposed orbit around the Sun not a single inch of parallax could be", "cijVeptWSiE-00260-00124854-00125421": "detected in the stars as even Wikipedia notes quote the lack of any observable", "cijVeptWSiE-00261-00125421-00126021": "parallax was considered a fatal flaw in any non geocentric theory Copernicus's", "cijVeptWSiE-00262-00126021-00126564": "answered this obvious problem was simple he moved the Stars so ridiculously far", "cijVeptWSiE-00263-00126564-00126957": "away from the earth that even after millions of miles of supposed orbit", "cijVeptWSiE-00264-00126957-00127305": "around the Sun no appreciable parallax could be detected", "cijVeptWSiE-00265-00127305-00127683": "Copernicus simply needed to claim that the stars were trillions upon trillions", "cijVeptWSiE-00266-00127683-00128183": "of miles away so then mathematically speaking it would indeed be impossible", "cijVeptWSiE-00267-00128183-00128733": "to detect such slight parallax again contemporaries of Copernicus argued", "cijVeptWSiE-00268-00128733-00129183": "against this convenient correction of his arguing quite rightly that if the", "cijVeptWSiE-00269-00129183-00129596": "stars were trillions of miles away then there is no way we could see them", "cijVeptWSiE-00270-00129596-00129993": "backpedaling once again Copernicus claimed the reason we could still see", "cijVeptWSiE-00271-00129993-00130436": "stars trillions of miles away was because they were not mere tiny points", "cijVeptWSiE-00272-00130436-00130910": "of translucent light in the night sky but the stars were in fact gigantic gas", "cijVeptWSiE-00273-00130910-00131430": "balls billions of times larger than our Sun so first Copernicus had to move the", "cijVeptWSiE-00274-00131430-00131913": "Stars trillions of miles from Earth to explain away lack of parallax and then", "cijVeptWSiE-00275-00131913-00132309": "he had to make the Stars billions of times larger to account for why we", "cijVeptWSiE-00276-00132309-00132517": "should see them at all from such fantastic", "cijVeptWSiE-00277-00132517-00133018": "distances lastly he offered very specific distances and mathematical", "cijVeptWSiE-00278-00133018-00133432": "equations to solidify his theory claiming for instance that he had", "cijVeptWSiE-00279-00133432-00133915": "accurately calculated the sun's distance from Earth to be exactly three million", "cijVeptWSiE-00280-00133915-00134368": "three hundred and ninety one thousand two hundred miles at the turn of the", "cijVeptWSiE-00281-00134368-00134860": "17th century Tycho Brahe he under the patronage of emperor rudolf ii began", "cijVeptWSiE-00282-00134860-00135223": "construction of the largest most state-of-the-art astronomical", "cijVeptWSiE-00283-00135223-00135778": "observatory ever built upon hearing this german astronomer and freemason Johannes", "cijVeptWSiE-00284-00135778-00136201": "Kepler was determined to apprentice under Brahe he even though Kepler", "cijVeptWSiE-00285-00136201-00136666": "championed Copernicus's widely disputed heliocentric globe earth Theory bra", "cijVeptWSiE-00286-00136666-00137086": "Hebrew grudgingly accepted Kepler as his apprentice based on his merit as an", "cijVeptWSiE-00287-00137086-00137527": "astute astronomer and mathematician bra he allowed Kepler access to the", "cijVeptWSiE-00288-00137527-00137887": "observatory but guarded his data and findings from him completely", "cijVeptWSiE-00289-00137887-00138334": "which frustrated and angered Kepler to the point of eventually culminating in a", "cijVeptWSiE-00290-00138334-00138777": "heated argument between the two of them resulting in Brockie ticking Kepler out", "cijVeptWSiE-00291-00138777-00139288": "after much amends and apologizing a year later bra he finally forgave", "cijVeptWSiE-00292-00139288-00139546": "Kepler and accepted him back as apprentice", "cijVeptWSiE-00293-00139546-00139993": "this time however Kepler was not content with his role as mere apprentice and", "cijVeptWSiE-00294-00139993-00140440": "soon proposed and secured a commissioned position on bra he and Emperor Rudolph's", "cijVeptWSiE-00295-00140440-00140775": "new project the rudolf een astronomical tables", "cijVeptWSiE-00296-00140775-00141328": "less than a month later Tycho Brahe he mysteriously dropped dead and Johannes", "cijVeptWSiE-00297-00141328-00141763": "Kepler was given access to all of Rocky's coveted data free reign of the", "cijVeptWSiE-00298-00141763-00142294": "observatory and became emperor Rudolph's new official astronomer abundant", "cijVeptWSiE-00299-00142294-00142726": "circumstantial evidence an obvious motive have long fed speculation that", "cijVeptWSiE-00300-00142726-00143287": "Kepler actually murdered brah he brah he was only 54 years old and in fine health", "cijVeptWSiE-00301-00143287-00143809": "when suddenly he became deathly ill and passed away his official cause of death", "cijVeptWSiE-00302-00143809-00144247": "was reported as a bladder infection but subsequent autopsies of his body", "cijVeptWSiE-00303-00144247-00144715": "revealed toxic quantities of mercury present on his mustache hairs which has", "cijVeptWSiE-00304-00144715-00145288": "led many researchers to conclude he was poisoned the 2004 book heavenly intrigue", "cijVeptWSiE-00305-00145288-00145693": "suggested that Kepler had indeed murdered brah he to gain access to his", "cijVeptWSiE-00306-00145693-00146059": "data Keppler himself never denied this and he", "cijVeptWSiE-00307-00146059-00146602": "actually wrote quote I confess that when Tycho died I quickly took advantage of", "cijVeptWSiE-00308-00146602-00147049": "the absence or lack of circumspection of the heirs by taking the observations", "cijVeptWSiE-00309-00147049-00147502": "under my care or perhaps usurping them and so for the", "cijVeptWSiE-00310-00147502-00148029": "remainder of his life Kepler worked at Broca's Observatory for Barajas employer", "cijVeptWSiE-00311-00148029-00148486": "using Broca's data to further his Copernican theories which brah he had", "cijVeptWSiE-00312-00148486-00148924": "always criticized he modified Copernicus's calculations of celestial", "cijVeptWSiE-00313-00148924-00149398": "motions changing them from perfect circles to irregular ellipses and even", "cijVeptWSiE-00314-00149398-00149916": "formulated a new updated distance of the Sun from Earth while Copernicus had", "cijVeptWSiE-00315-00149916-00150291": "claimed positively the Sun to be three million three hundred and ninety one", "cijVeptWSiE-00316-00150291-00150691": "thousand two hundred miles from Earth Kepler assured the astronomical", "cijVeptWSiE-00317-00150691-00151129": "community that his new figure of twelve million three hundred and seventy six", "cijVeptWSiE-00318-00151129-00151672": "thousand eight hundred miles was the true distance a few years later in 1608", "cijVeptWSiE-00319-00151672-00152227": "the first telescope was invented and by 1609 the next champion of Kopernik ISM", "cijVeptWSiE-00320-00152227-00152740": "Italian astronomer Freemason and probable Jesuit Galileo Galilei had", "cijVeptWSiE-00321-00152740-00153192": "purchased and built several of them Galileo improved upon the telescope's", "cijVeptWSiE-00322-00153192-00153652": "design boosting the zoom capabilities from the original three times up to 30", "cijVeptWSiE-00323-00153652-00154195": "times magnification and in 1610 made the most important alleged discovery of his", "cijVeptWSiE-00324-00154195-00154711": "career with his 30 times own telescope Galileo claimed to have seen what he", "cijVeptWSiE-00325-00154711-00155233": "described as quote three fixed stars totally invisible by their smallness", "cijVeptWSiE-00326-00155233-00155766": "all close to Jupiter and lying on a straight line through it after tracking", "cijVeptWSiE-00327-00155766-00156286": "these invisible stars for a while and noticing they appeared sometimes but not", "cijVeptWSiE-00328-00156286-00156741": "others Galileo concluded that when he could not find them they must be hiding", "cijVeptWSiE-00329-00156741-00157258": "behind Jupiter and therefore they must not be invisible stars at all but rather", "cijVeptWSiE-00330-00157258-00157765": "invisible moons orbiting Jupiter his alleged discovery of moons orbiting", "cijVeptWSiE-00331-00157765-00158239": "Jupiter was then touted as proof of the competin system claiming that earth must", "cijVeptWSiE-00332-00158239-00158773": "be a planet like Jupiter since both have orbiting moons to this day NASA claims", "cijVeptWSiE-00333-00158773-00159127": "to have special telescopes which can on occasion", "cijVeptWSiE-00334-00159127-00159532": "see these moons of Jupiter just as Galileo claimed in his day to see on", "cijVeptWSiE-00335-00159532-00160039": "occasion with his special telescopes nowadays with modern telescopes and zoom", "cijVeptWSiE-00336-00160039-00160477": "technology we can see the celestial bodies far closer and with far more", "cijVeptWSiE-00337-00160477-00161158": "clarity than Galileo could have ever hoped for a 2016 Nikon P 900 has 83", "cijVeptWSiE-00338-00161158-00161761": "times optical zoom and 332 times digital capabilities which put Galilean", "cijVeptWSiE-00339-00161761-00162127": "telescopes to shame yet even with this level of", "cijVeptWSiE-00340-00162127-00162631": "magnification Galileo's alleged invisible stars orbiting Jupiter are", "cijVeptWSiE-00341-00162631-00163093": "nowhere to be found Galileo in his fellow mason predecessors", "cijVeptWSiE-00342-00163093-00163497": "acting more like true believers of their heliocentric faith than legitimate", "cijVeptWSiE-00343-00163497-00163966": "scientists were constantly guilty of inventing elaborate theories to support", "cijVeptWSiE-00344-00163966-00164449": "their foregone conclusion this was never more evident than when Galileo presented", "cijVeptWSiE-00345-00164449-00165049": "his theory on the cause of tides in 1616 Cardinal Bellarmine had written Galileo", "cijVeptWSiE-00346-00165049-00165532": "of the year before stating that quote the Copernican system could not be", "cijVeptWSiE-00347-00165532-00165895": "defended without a true physical demonstration that the Sun does not", "cijVeptWSiE-00348-00165895-00166336": "circle the earth but the earth circles the Sun taking this to heart", "cijVeptWSiE-00349-00166336-00166759": "Galileo hoped to show that the Earth's tides were caused by the sloshing back", "cijVeptWSiE-00350-00166759-00167248": "and forth of water as a point on Earth's surface sped up and slowed down due to", "cijVeptWSiE-00351-00167248-00167740": "Earth's alleged rotation on axis and revolution around the Sun he argued that", "cijVeptWSiE-00352-00167740-00168142": "these hypothetical motions of his globular earth were the cause of tides", "cijVeptWSiE-00353-00168142-00168733": "and therefore the tides themselves were proof of Earth's motion unfortunately", "cijVeptWSiE-00354-00168733-00169171": "for Galileo his ideas were not accepted and easily proven wrong by his", "cijVeptWSiE-00355-00169171-00169618": "contemporaries who rightly pointed out that if his theory were correct there", "cijVeptWSiE-00356-00169618-00170095": "would only be one high tide per day not only this but if tides were caused by", "cijVeptWSiE-00357-00170095-00170578": "Earth's alleged motion all lakes ponds and other inland bodies of water should", "cijVeptWSiE-00358-00170578-00171091": "be similarly affected if they are not the next champion of heliocentrism", "cijVeptWSiE-00359-00171091-00171574": "was English mathematician and astronomer knighted freemason and Royal Society", "cijVeptWSiE-00360-00171574-00172207": "president Sir Isaac Newton in 1687 Newton published his famous principia", "cijVeptWSiE-00361-00172207-00172560": "mathematica which presented his idea of gravity to", "cijVeptWSiE-00362-00172560-00172926": "the world the globe earth theory had long faced criticism for being", "cijVeptWSiE-00363-00172926-00173382": "impractical due to the natural physics of spinning spherical objects namely", "cijVeptWSiE-00364-00173382-00173862": "that anything placed on their surface should immediately fall or fly off how", "cijVeptWSiE-00365-00173862-00174219": "could people buildings and the great oceans remain perfectly stuck to a ball", "cijVeptWSiE-00366-00174219-00174651": "earth spinning faster than the speed of sound the globe earth Theory needed a", "cijVeptWSiE-00367-00174651-00175095": "force that could keep everything in place somehow a force strong enough to", "cijVeptWSiE-00368-00175095-00175551": "keep the oceans stuck to the earth but weak enough not to sink a sailboat a", "cijVeptWSiE-00369-00175551-00176028": "force strong enough to drag the entire atmosphere along with Earth's breakneck", "cijVeptWSiE-00370-00176028-00176568": "speed but weak enough to allow birds and bugs to travel freely and unabated in", "cijVeptWSiE-00371-00176568-00177120": "all directions a force so strong it could make rain fall upwards and plants", "cijVeptWSiE-00372-00177120-00177597": "grow upside down but yet so weak that it could not be detected by any", "cijVeptWSiE-00373-00177597-00178215": "contemporary methods Newton's postulate of quote an invisible force able to act", "cijVeptWSiE-00374-00178215-00178782": "over vast distances led to him being heavily criticised for quote introducing", "cijVeptWSiE-00375-00178782-00179325": "occult agencies into the field of science previous to Newton's theory of", "cijVeptWSiE-00376-00179325-00179748": "universal gravitation the natural laws of density and buoyancy already", "cijVeptWSiE-00377-00179748-00180234": "perfectly and adequately explained the world around us for example the reason a", "cijVeptWSiE-00378-00180234-00180636": "balloon filled with helium Rises into the sky while a balloon filled with air", "cijVeptWSiE-00379-00180636-00181065": "drops to the ground is not because Newton's mystical pulling force has an", "cijVeptWSiE-00380-00181065-00181509": "aversion to helium but rather simply because helium is lighter and less dense", "cijVeptWSiE-00381-00181509-00181920": "than the nitrogen oxygen and other elements which compose the air around it", "cijVeptWSiE-00382-00181920-00182403": "so it floats up and conversely a balloon filled with your carbon dioxide", "cijVeptWSiE-00383-00182403-00182835": "exhalation is heavier and denser than the air around it so it falls down to", "cijVeptWSiE-00384-00182835-00183174": "the ground if you blow a dandelion seed out of your", "cijVeptWSiE-00385-00183174-00183618": "hands a substance just barely heavier than the air it will float away and", "cijVeptWSiE-00386-00183618-00184128": "slowly but eventually fall to the ground if you drop an anvil from your hands", "cijVeptWSiE-00387-00184128-00184530": "something much heavier than the air it will quickly and directly fall straight", "cijVeptWSiE-00388-00184530-00184986": "to the ground this is not because gravity prefers anvils to dandelion", "cijVeptWSiE-00389-00184986-00185433": "seeds but rather because it is the natural physics of buoyancy for objects", "cijVeptWSiE-00390-00185433-00185907": "less dense than the medium surrounding to rise while objects denser than the", "cijVeptWSiE-00391-00185907-00186365": "medium surrounding them to sink this is the reason raindrops fall down through", "cijVeptWSiE-00392-00186365-00186825": "the air and air bubbles rise up through the water because of their relative", "cijVeptWSiE-00393-00186825-00187280": "densities it has nothing whatsoever to do with the mystical pulling force of", "cijVeptWSiE-00394-00187280-00187827": "spinning balls from Newton's imagination Newton's theory allegedly began when", "cijVeptWSiE-00395-00187827-00188274": "upon seeing an Apple fall from a tree at Woolsthorpe as though no one in the", "cijVeptWSiE-00396-00188274-00188685": "history of humanity up to that point had ever seen a falling object and wondered", "cijVeptWSiE-00397-00188685-00189179": "why it fell he had a veritable scientific Epiphany the Apple fell not", "cijVeptWSiE-00398-00189179-00189566": "because it was heavier and denser than the air around it but rather because a", "cijVeptWSiE-00399-00189566-00189936": "force at the center of the spinning ball earth pulled it to the ground", "cijVeptWSiE-00400-00189936-00190320": "Newton quickly got to work formulating his theory of universal gravitation", "cijVeptWSiE-00401-00190320-00190746": "which he used to explain not only falling objects but also orbiting", "cijVeptWSiE-00402-00190746-00191342": "celestial bodies Newton claimed that the Sun Moon earth planets and stars gravity", "cijVeptWSiE-00403-00191342-00191862": "caused them to all orbit around the most massive nearby bodies so not only was", "cijVeptWSiE-00404-00191862-00192302": "gravity fickle and selective about which objects it caused to fall and which it", "cijVeptWSiE-00405-00192302-00192771": "allowed to rise gravity was also able to perform different functions on different", "cijVeptWSiE-00406-00192771-00193245": "scales at the human scale gravity allegedly caused people buildings and", "cijVeptWSiE-00407-00193245-00193686": "oceans to stick to the earth while at the planetary scale gravity allegedly", "cijVeptWSiE-00408-00193686-00194167": "caused moons to orbit around planets and planets to orbit around stars", "cijVeptWSiE-00409-00194167-00194676": "unfortunately Newton never addressed this but the question remains how and", "cijVeptWSiE-00410-00194676-00195162": "why would gravity cause both planets to orbit the Sun and people to stick to the", "cijVeptWSiE-00411-00195162-00195633": "earth gravity should either cause people to float around in suspended circular", "cijVeptWSiE-00412-00195633-00196050": "orbits around the earth or it should cause the earth moon and planets to all", "cijVeptWSiE-00413-00196050-00196514": "be pulled and crash into the Sun the two effects are very different yet the same", "cijVeptWSiE-00414-00196514-00196967": "cause is attributed to both furthermore this magnetic like attraction of massive", "cijVeptWSiE-00415-00196967-00197400": "objects gravity is purported to have can be found nowhere in the natural world", "cijVeptWSiE-00416-00197400-00197862": "there is no example in nature of a massive sphere or any other shaped", "cijVeptWSiE-00417-00197862-00198411": "object which by virtue of its mass alone causes smaller objects to stick to or", "cijVeptWSiE-00418-00198411-00198807": "orbit around it there is nothing on earth massive enough that it can be", "cijVeptWSiE-00419-00198807-00199116": "shown to cause a dust bunny to stick to or orbit around", "cijVeptWSiE-00420-00199116-00199602": "it try spinning a wet tennis ball or any other spherical object with smaller", "cijVeptWSiE-00421-00199602-00200022": "things placed on its surface and you'll find that everything falls or flies off", "cijVeptWSiE-00422-00200022-00200541": "and nothing sticks to or orbits around it to claim the existence of a physical", "cijVeptWSiE-00423-00200541-00200955": "law without a single practical evidential example is hearsay not", "cijVeptWSiE-00424-00200955-00201399": "science by now however you are likely beginning to see that these free Masonic", "cijVeptWSiE-00425-00201399-00201879": "heliocentric priests are less interested in science and truth than they are in", "cijVeptWSiE-00426-00201879-00202332": "propagating contrived evidences for their foregone conclusions in like", "cijVeptWSiE-00427-00202332-00202740": "manner as Copernicus had claimed positively the Sun to be three million", "cijVeptWSiE-00428-00202740-00203145": "three hundred and ninety one thousand two hundred miles away and Kepler had", "cijVeptWSiE-00429-00203145-00203526": "calculated it to be positively twelve million three hundred and seventy six", "cijVeptWSiE-00430-00203526-00204006": "thousand eight hundred miles away Newton was quoted as remarking it matters not", "cijVeptWSiE-00431-00204006-00204537": "whether we reckon at 28 or 54 million miles distant for either would do just", "cijVeptWSiE-00432-00204537-00204966": "as well it appears he was correct because the alleged distance to the", "cijVeptWSiE-00433-00204966-00205404": "heliocentric Sun has continued to increase by the millions until today", "cijVeptWSiE-00434-00205404-00205973": "where we stand with NASA's current official figure of 93 million miles in", "cijVeptWSiE-00435-00205973-00206457": "1773 Captain Cook became the first modern Explorer known to have breached", "cijVeptWSiE-00436-00206457-00206919": "the Antarctic Circle and reached the ice barrier this expedition offered an", "cijVeptWSiE-00437-00206919-00207366": "exciting chance to find proof of either the flat or globe earth models because", "cijVeptWSiE-00438-00207366-00207807": "Captain Cook intended to sail completely around Antarctica looking for inlets", "cijVeptWSiE-00439-00207807-00208263": "through the ice wall if the earth was indeed a globe 25,000 miles and", "cijVeptWSiE-00440-00208263-00208662": "equatorial circumference as the heliocentric claimed then a complete", "cijVeptWSiE-00441-00208662-00209226": "circumnavigation of Antarctica would be approximately 12,000 miles and if the", "cijVeptWSiE-00442-00209226-00209604": "earth was flat with Antarctica surrounding the entire circumference a", "cijVeptWSiE-00443-00209604-00210140": "complete circumnavigation of Antarctica would have to take over 50,000 miles", "cijVeptWSiE-00444-00210140-00210681": "during three voyages lasting three years and eight days Captain Cook and his crew", "cijVeptWSiE-00445-00210681-00211142": "sailed a total of 60,000 miles along the Antarctic coastline", "cijVeptWSiE-00446-00211142-00211539": "never once finding an inlet or path through or beyond the massive glacial", "cijVeptWSiE-00447-00211539-00211902": "wall Captain Cook wrote the ice extended east", "cijVeptWSiE-00448-00211902-00212278": "and west far beyond the reach of our sight while the southern half of the", "cijVeptWSiE-00449-00212278-00212673": "was illuminated by rays of light which were reflected from the ice to a", "cijVeptWSiE-00450-00212673-00213160": "considerable height later voyages by Captain James Clark Ross and Captain", "cijVeptWSiE-00451-00213160-00213696": "George nares in the 19th century further confirmed Cook's findings Ross's", "cijVeptWSiE-00452-00213696-00214126": "expedition spent four years and five months in heavily armored warships", "cijVeptWSiE-00453-00214126-00214567": "failing to find an entry point beyond the southern glacial wall and nares", "cijVeptWSiE-00454-00214567-00215056": "spent over three years circumnavigating Antarctica taking an admittedly indirect", "cijVeptWSiE-00455-00215056-00215671": "course but clocking in nearly sixty nine thousand miles total if Antarctica truly", "cijVeptWSiE-00456-00215671-00216106": "was the tiny ice continent claimed by globe earth proponents all of these", "cijVeptWSiE-00457-00216106-00216516": "expeditions would have ended years sooner in addition to this many", "cijVeptWSiE-00458-00216516-00217000": "Antarctic explorers including Captain James Clark Ross and lieutenant Charles", "cijVeptWSiE-00459-00217000-00217513": "Wilkes using globe earth projection maps wrote in their journals perplexed at how", "cijVeptWSiE-00460-00217513-00217906": "they routinely found themselves out of accordance with their charts stating", "cijVeptWSiE-00461-00217906-00218338": "that they found themselves an average of twelve to sixteen miles outside their", "cijVeptWSiE-00462-00218338-00218844": "reckoning every day later on further south increasing to as much as 29 miles", "cijVeptWSiE-00463-00218844-00219304": "per day these huge discrepancies experienced by explorers the further", "cijVeptWSiE-00464-00219304-00219781": "south traveled are usually attributed to increasingly strong storms winds and", "cijVeptWSiE-00465-00219781-00220144": "currents but if that were the case they should have just as often found", "cijVeptWSiE-00466-00220144-00220702": "themselves ahead of their reckoning which they never did in 1783 the hot air", "cijVeptWSiE-00467-00220702-00221098": "balloon was invented and for the first time in recorded history people were", "cijVeptWSiE-00468-00221098-00221488": "able to float miles above the Earth's surface and see for themselves once and", "cijVeptWSiE-00469-00221488-00221908": "for all whether or not the earth was flat or a globe to many people's", "cijVeptWSiE-00470-00221908-00222421": "astonishment as high as they rose the horizon remained perfectly flat 360", "cijVeptWSiE-00471-00222421-00222880": "degrees around them and rose to the level of their eyes all the way up J", "cijVeptWSiE-00472-00222880-00223408": "glacier wrote in his travels in the air that quote on looking over the top of", "cijVeptWSiE-00473-00223408-00223858": "the car the horizon appeared to be on level with the eye and taking a grand", "cijVeptWSiE-00474-00223858-00224338": "view of the whole visible area beneath I was struck with its great regularity all", "cijVeptWSiE-00475-00224338-00224994": "was dwarfed to one plane it seemed too flat M Victor Emmanuel another hot-air", "cijVeptWSiE-00476-00224994-00225391": "balloon astrak-- that quote instead of the earth declining from the view on", "cijVeptWSiE-00477-00225391-00225661": "either side and the higher part being under the car", "cijVeptWSiE-00478-00225661-00226165": "as is popularly supposed it was the exact opposite the lowest part like a", "cijVeptWSiE-00479-00226165-00226657": "huge basin being immediately under the car and the horizon on all sides rising", "cijVeptWSiE-00480-00226657-00227101": "to the level of the eye as stated previously this is only possible on a", "cijVeptWSiE-00481-00227101-00227544": "flat plane it would be an entire century after Newton published his theories on", "cijVeptWSiE-00482-00227544-00227946": "gravitation before any scientific experiment was devised to attempt to", "cijVeptWSiE-00483-00227946-00228502": "prove its existence in 1797 Henry Cavendish the British scientist", "cijVeptWSiE-00484-00228502-00228940": "freemason and wealthy grandson of the Duke of Devonshire created an experiment", "cijVeptWSiE-00485-00228940-00229363": "which he claims successfully proved the existence of gravity measured its", "cijVeptWSiE-00486-00229363-00229792": "constant and provided accurate figures for the exact masses of the Earth Sun", "cijVeptWSiE-00487-00229792-00230134": "Moon and planets how did Cavendish achieve this quantum", "cijVeptWSiE-00488-00230134-00230683": "leap for heliocentric pseudoscience he fixed two large LED balls on opposite", "cijVeptWSiE-00489-00230683-00231111": "ends of a torsion balance and hung them from the roof of his shed by watching", "cijVeptWSiE-00490-00231111-00231514": "and recording slight motions of the contraption via telescope through his", "cijVeptWSiE-00491-00231514-00231942": "shed window so his mass would not affect the reading Cavendish claimed to have", "cijVeptWSiE-00492-00231942-00232429": "proven gravity to small LED balls were hung near the large ones and any motion", "cijVeptWSiE-00493-00232429-00232906": "observed towards one another was touted as being the influence of gravity now", "cijVeptWSiE-00494-00232906-00233269": "the Cavendish experiment has been widely criticised by the scientific community", "cijVeptWSiE-00495-00233269-00233731": "because never in over two centuries since its creation has anyone been able", "cijVeptWSiE-00496-00233731-00234196": "to replicate it firstly the balls simply do not always attract one another as", "cijVeptWSiE-00497-00234196-00234535": "they must for the so called gravitational constant to be constant at", "cijVeptWSiE-00498-00234535-00235033": "all sometimes the torsion balance turns towards the balls and sometimes away as", "cijVeptWSiE-00499-00235033-00235426": "it is impossible not to give some slight tremulous motion when interacting with", "cijVeptWSiE-00500-00235426-00235848": "it Henry even complained in his notes how often as he was performing the", "cijVeptWSiE-00501-00235848-00236317": "measurement the contraption was still in oscillation secondly since his", "cijVeptWSiE-00502-00236317-00236779": "calculated force of gravity was 10 to the 39th power weaker than the force of", "cijVeptWSiE-00503-00236779-00237271": "electromagnetism from which all material objects are composed there is no control", "cijVeptWSiE-00504-00237271-00237763": "for the experiment which can factor out and positively differentiate the alleged", "cijVeptWSiE-00505-00237763-00238258": "gravitational force from the known stronger electromagnetic force in other", "cijVeptWSiE-00506-00238258-00238596": "words the balls could simply be attracting each others through static", "cijVeptWSiE-00507-00238596-00238873": "electricity a known force existing in all", "cijVeptWSiE-00508-00238873-00239287": "things billions of times stronger than gravity and impossible to control for", "cijVeptWSiE-00509-00239287-00239728": "the experiment even though no one could replicate Cavendish's findings the", "cijVeptWSiE-00510-00239728-00240117": "experiment went down in history as a great success and is still taught as", "cijVeptWSiE-00511-00240117-00240625": "veritable proof of universal gravitation in science textbooks today half a", "cijVeptWSiE-00512-00240625-00241167": "century later in 1851 a French scientist named Leon Foucault performed a similar", "cijVeptWSiE-00513-00241167-00241576": "experiment to Cavendish but this time hanging a single ball from the ceiling", "cijVeptWSiE-00514-00241576-00241996": "swinging it and claiming all lateral motion observed to be proof that the", "cijVeptWSiE-00515-00241996-00242440": "earth was turning beneath the pendulum since vu cults original demonstration", "cijVeptWSiE-00516-00242440-00242854": "these pendulums have regularly been swinging at museums and exhibition halls", "cijVeptWSiE-00517-00242854-00243277": "worldwide purporting to provide everlasting perpetual proof of the", "cijVeptWSiE-00518-00243277-00243775": "heliocentric spinning ball earth theory the truth is however unbeknownst to most", "cijVeptWSiE-00519-00243775-00244012": "of the duped public that Foucault pendulum", "cijVeptWSiE-00520-00244012-00244333": "is a failed experiment which proves nothing but how easy it is for", "cijVeptWSiE-00521-00244333-00244840": "pseudoscience to deceive the malleable masses to begin with for cults pendulums", "cijVeptWSiE-00522-00244840-00245236": "do not uniformly swing in any one direction sometimes they rotate", "cijVeptWSiE-00523-00245236-00245689": "clockwise and sometimes counterclockwise sometimes they fail to rotate and", "cijVeptWSiE-00524-00245689-00246198": "sometimes they rotate far too much just like the Cavendish experiment scientists", "cijVeptWSiE-00525-00246198-00246571": "who have attempted to replicate four cults findings have conceded time and", "cijVeptWSiE-00526-00246571-00246979": "again that quote it was difficult to avoid giving the pendulum some slight", "cijVeptWSiE-00527-00246979-00247423": "lateral bias at starting in truth the behavior of the pendulum actually", "cijVeptWSiE-00528-00247423-00247917": "depends on one the initial force beginning its swing and to the ball and", "cijVeptWSiE-00529-00247917-00248332": "socket joint used which most readily facilitates circular motion over any", "cijVeptWSiE-00530-00248332-00248761": "other the supposed of the earth is completely inconsequential and", "cijVeptWSiE-00531-00248761-00249157": "irrelevant to the pendulum swing if the alleged constant rotation of the earth", "cijVeptWSiE-00532-00249157-00249583": "affected pendulums in any way then there should be no need to manually start", "cijVeptWSiE-00533-00249583-00250066": "pendulums in motion if the Earth's diurnal rotation caused 360 degree", "cijVeptWSiE-00534-00250066-00250498": "uniform diurnal rotation of pendulums then there should not exist a stationary", "cijVeptWSiE-00535-00250498-00250966": "pendulum anywhere on earth also in the mid nineteenth century another Frenchman", "cijVeptWSiE-00536-00250966-00251394": "named gaspard' Gustave coriolis performed several experiments showing", "cijVeptWSiE-00537-00251394-00251809": "the effect of kinetic energy on rotating systems which have ever since become", "cijVeptWSiE-00538-00251809-00252133": "mythologized as proof of the heliocentric theory", "cijVeptWSiE-00539-00252133-00252571": "is Coriolis effect is often said to cause sinks and toilet bowls in the", "cijVeptWSiE-00540-00252571-00252961": "northern hemisphere to drain spinning in one direction well in the southern", "cijVeptWSiE-00541-00252961-00253351": "hemisphere causing them to spin the opposite way thus providing proof of the", "cijVeptWSiE-00542-00253351-00253861": "spinning ball earth once again however just like the cult's swinging pendulums", "cijVeptWSiE-00543-00253861-00254260": "and Cavendish's hanging balls sinks and toilets in northern and southern", "cijVeptWSiE-00544-00254260-00254779": "hemispheres do not consistently spin in any one direction sinks and toilets in", "cijVeptWSiE-00545-00254779-00255157": "the very same household are often found to spin opposite directions depending", "cijVeptWSiE-00546-00255157-00255646": "entirely upon the shape of the basin and the angle of the water's entry not the", "cijVeptWSiE-00547-00255646-00256096": "suppose and rotational the earth the Coriolis effect is also said to affect", "cijVeptWSiE-00548-00256096-00256600": "bullet trajectories and weather patterns as well supposedly causing most storms", "cijVeptWSiE-00549-00256600-00256996": "in the northern hemisphere to rotate counterclockwise and most storms in the", "cijVeptWSiE-00550-00256996-00257449": "southern hemisphere to rotate clockwise to cause bullets from long-range guns to", "cijVeptWSiE-00551-00257449-00257821": "tend towards the right of the target in the northern hemisphere and to the left", "cijVeptWSiE-00552-00257821-00258355": "in the southern hemisphere again however the same problems remain not every", "cijVeptWSiE-00553-00258355-00258757": "bullet and not every storm consistently displays the behavior and therefore", "cijVeptWSiE-00554-00258757-00259333": "cannot reasonably be used as proof of anything in the late 19th century mostly", "cijVeptWSiE-00555-00259333-00259681": "thanks to the experiments books and lectures of an English inventor and", "cijVeptWSiE-00556-00259681-00260185": "author named dr. Samuel Rowbotham a Flat Earth Renaissance began sweeping the", "cijVeptWSiE-00557-00260185-00260789": "world Rowbotham findings beginning with his 1864 book earth not a globe an", "cijVeptWSiE-00558-00260789-00261167": "experimental inquiry into the true figure of the earth proving it a plane", "cijVeptWSiE-00559-00261167-00261576": "without axial or orbital motion and the only material world in the universe", "cijVeptWSiE-00560-00261576-00262057": "caused quite a stir in the scientific community and thanks to three decades of", "cijVeptWSiE-00561-00262057-00262471": "his effort the shape of the earth became a hot topic of debate around the turn of", "cijVeptWSiE-00562-00262471-00262817": "the 19th century dr. Rowbotham conducted several", "cijVeptWSiE-00563-00262817-00263288": "experiments using telescopes spirit levels and theodolites special precision", "cijVeptWSiE-00564-00263288-00263696": "instruments used for measuring angles in horizontal or vertical planes by", "cijVeptWSiE-00565-00263696-00264076": "positioning them at equal Heights aimed at each other successively he proved", "cijVeptWSiE-00566-00264076-00264511": "over and over the earth to be perfectly flat for miles without a single inch of", "cijVeptWSiE-00567-00264511-00264992": "curvature in his most famous series of experiments Rowbotham travelled to", "cijVeptWSiE-00568-00264992-00265351": "Cambridge England where there is a 20-mile canal called the Old Bedford", "cijVeptWSiE-00569-00265351-00265580": "which passes in a straight line through the", "cijVeptWSiE-00570-00265580-00266060": "Fenland's known as the Bedford level the water has no interruption from locks or", "cijVeptWSiE-00571-00266060-00266466": "water gates of any kind and remain stationary making it perfectly suitable", "cijVeptWSiE-00572-00266466-00266879": "for determining whether any amount of convexity or curvature actually exists", "cijVeptWSiE-00573-00266879-00267377": "if we were living on a ball earth every pond Lake Marsh canal and other large", "cijVeptWSiE-00574-00267377-00267794": "body of standing water each part would have to comprise a slight arc or", "cijVeptWSiE-00575-00267794-00268211": "semicircle curving downwards from the central summit if the ball earth were", "cijVeptWSiE-00576-00268211-00268625": "truly twenty-five thousand miles in circumference as claimed by heliocentric", "cijVeptWSiE-00577-00268625-00269115": "then spherical trigonometry dictates the surface of all standing water must curve", "cijVeptWSiE-00578-00269115-00269534": "downwards an easily measurable eight inches per mile multiplied by the square", "cijVeptWSiE-00579-00269534-00269988": "of the distance this means along a six mile channel of standing water the earth", "cijVeptWSiE-00580-00269988-00270431": "would have to curve 16 feet 8 inches downwards from one end to the other", "cijVeptWSiE-00581-00270431-00270893": "and/or dip six feet on either end from the central peak depending where the", "cijVeptWSiE-00582-00270893-00271346": "measurement is taken Rowbotham tested first by standing in the water holding a", "cijVeptWSiE-00583-00271346-00271772": "telescope eight inches above the surface while his partner rode away from him in", "cijVeptWSiE-00584-00271772-00272265": "a small boat with a five-foot tall flag attached if the earth was indeed a globe", "cijVeptWSiE-00585-00272265-00272732": "25,000 miles in circumference by the time the boat reached Welney bridge six", "cijVeptWSiE-00586-00272732-00273170": "miles away the entire boat and flag should have been completely invisible", "cijVeptWSiE-00587-00273170-00273701": "hidden behind a six foot tall massive curved water in reality however every", "cijVeptWSiE-00588-00273701-00274205": "time tested the entire boat and flag remained visible from start to finish in", "cijVeptWSiE-00589-00274205-00274641": "a second experiment dr. Rowbotham placed seven flags along the edge of the water", "cijVeptWSiE-00590-00274641-00275108": "each one mile distant from the next with their tops position five feet above the", "cijVeptWSiE-00591-00275108-00275528": "surface and stood with his telescope behind the first if the earth was a", "cijVeptWSiE-00592-00275528-00276023": "globe 25,000 miles in circumference each successive flag would have to decline a", "cijVeptWSiE-00593-00276023-00276419": "definite and determined amount below the last the first and second flags", "cijVeptWSiE-00594-00276419-00276789": "established the line of sight then the third should fall eight inches below the", "cijVeptWSiE-00595-00276789-00277292": "second the fourth flag thirty-two inches below the fifth six feet the sixth ten", "cijVeptWSiE-00596-00277292-00277670": "feet eight inches and the seventh flag should be a clear sixteen feet eight", "cijVeptWSiE-00597-00277670-00278054": "inches below the line of sight even if the earth was a globe of a hundred", "cijVeptWSiE-00598-00278054-00278474": "thousand miles an amount of easily measurable curvature", "cijVeptWSiE-00599-00278474-00278918": "and would still be evident in this experiment but the reality is not a", "cijVeptWSiE-00600-00278918-00279385": "single inch of curvature was detected and the flags all lined up perfectly as", "cijVeptWSiE-00601-00279385-00279934": "consistent with a flat plane in 1871 of Rowbotham supporters an English", "cijVeptWSiE-00602-00279934-00280397": "scientist of the Royal Academy named John Hampton offered a public wager of", "cijVeptWSiE-00603-00280397-00280703": "five hundred pounds to anyone who thought they could prove the earth", "cijVeptWSiE-00604-00280703-00281231": "spherical by repeating the Bedford level experiment Alfred Russel Wallace a", "cijVeptWSiE-00605-00281231-00281642": "fellow English scientist ardent evolutionist and personal friend of", "cijVeptWSiE-00606-00281642-00282119": "Charles Darwin accepted Hamptons wager and the two met with referees to decide", "cijVeptWSiE-00607-00282119-00282533": "the matter at the Bedford level the original plan was to repeat row bottoms", "cijVeptWSiE-00608-00282533-00282938": "flag experiment but after hours of attempting to align them one on each", "cijVeptWSiE-00609-00282938-00283358": "mile marker upon looking through the telescope quote they could not even", "cijVeptWSiE-00610-00283358-00283772": "judge which was which let alone decide whether the line of sight along them was", "cijVeptWSiE-00611-00283772-00284284": "flat or curved heated debate ensued an angry quarrel followed and the", "cijVeptWSiE-00612-00284284-00284698": "experiment descended into a farce they called it a day but a week later", "cijVeptWSiE-00613-00284698-00285191": "reconvened this time Wallace setting new parameters for the experiment which had", "cijVeptWSiE-00614-00285191-00285620": "never been tested or approved by Rowbotham or Hampton Wallace hung a", "cijVeptWSiE-00615-00285620-00286046": "large calico sheet from the old bedford bridge with a thick black line painted", "cijVeptWSiE-00616-00286046-00286481": "across its center and positioned his telescope six miles south at Welney", "cijVeptWSiE-00617-00286481-00286895": "bridge at the same elevation then halfway between these two points", "cijVeptWSiE-00618-00286895-00287339": "Wallace placed a long red pole topped with a marker disk designed to fall in", "cijVeptWSiE-00619-00287339-00287761": "line with the black painted marker and telescope all of these he placed at a", "cijVeptWSiE-00620-00287761-00288220": "masonic lee significant 13 feet three inches above the water", "cijVeptWSiE-00621-00288220-00288590": "Wallace's plan was to view the marker disk and black line through the", "cijVeptWSiE-00622-00288590-00288968": "telescope and if the middle marker appeared below the line of sight this", "cijVeptWSiE-00623-00288968-00289358": "would be taken as proof of the water's flat surface and if the middle marker", "cijVeptWSiE-00624-00289358-00289691": "appeared above the line of sight it would be taken as proof of Earth's", "cijVeptWSiE-00625-00289691-00290093": "curvature Hampton immediately took issue with this new method of allegedly", "cijVeptWSiE-00626-00290093-00290579": "determining curvature but begrudgingly accepted to continue when viewed through", "cijVeptWSiE-00627-00290579-00290983": "the telescope the centre marker fell a tiny bit below the telescope crosshair", "cijVeptWSiE-00628-00290983-00291482": "and the far marker on the bridge fell a tiny bit below that this result was not", "cijVeptWSiE-00629-00291482-00291850": "expected by either party but Wallace quickly claimed it proof", "cijVeptWSiE-00630-00291850-00292231": "the earth was curving downwards while Hinton claimed the results to be in", "cijVeptWSiE-00631-00292231-00292651": "accordance with the law of perspective over flat surfaces this time an even", "cijVeptWSiE-00632-00292651-00293050": "more heated debate ensued until Wallace refused to speak another word with", "cijVeptWSiE-00633-00293050-00293476": "Hampton gave him the silent treatment and even had the police escort Hampton", "cijVeptWSiE-00634-00293476-00293899": "from his hotel room before leaving town the following day the referees for the", "cijVeptWSiE-00635-00293899-00294379": "wager decided in favor of Wallace and the money was given to him in response", "cijVeptWSiE-00636-00294379-00294829": "Hampton immediately published a 16 page pamphlet denouncing Wallace as a liar", "cijVeptWSiE-00637-00294829-00295363": "and cheat called his water level or convex after all the Bedford Canal", "cijVeptWSiE-00638-00295363-00295834": "swindle detected and exposed another fellow English author and flat earther", "cijVeptWSiE-00639-00295834-00296266": "William carpenter also present during the experiment wrote his equally", "cijVeptWSiE-00640-00296266-00296788": "scathing 30 page review of the swindle entitled water not convex the earth not", "cijVeptWSiE-00641-00296788-00297436": "a globe demonstrated by Alfred Russel Wallace on the 5th of March 1879 later", "cijVeptWSiE-00642-00297436-00297928": "took Wallace to trial and sued him for his 500 pounds the court formally", "cijVeptWSiE-00643-00297928-00298384": "decided in favor of Hampton that the BET was invalid and returned his money in", "cijVeptWSiE-00644-00298384-00298858": "full next Hampton immediately reissued his challenge to Wallace increasing the", "cijVeptWSiE-00645-00298858-00299341": "wager to a thousand pounds and inviting dr. Rowbotham to attend this time the", "cijVeptWSiE-00646-00299341-00299725": "experiment would be conducted as Rowbotham had originally done standing", "cijVeptWSiE-00647-00299725-00300106": "in the water with telescope held 8 inches above the water observing a boat", "cijVeptWSiE-00648-00300106-00300547": "with a five-foot flag attached sailing 6 miles away from Welch's Dam - well", "cijVeptWSiE-00649-00300547-00300961": "nybridge when the day of the wager came poor weather prevented them from", "cijVeptWSiE-00650-00300961-00301396": "completing the experiment so they postponed meant more bad weather and", "cijVeptWSiE-00651-00301396-00301861": "postponed again on their third and final attempt before heading home with the", "cijVeptWSiE-00652-00301861-00302314": "weather still overcast they attempted the experiment unfortunately shortly", "cijVeptWSiE-00653-00302314-00302704": "after reaching the halfway point the boat became indistinguishable beyond the", "cijVeptWSiE-00654-00302704-00303196": "haze and the bet was called off the boat and flag were visible however for the", "cijVeptWSiE-00655-00303196-00303694": "entire three miles in 2015 a group of flat earthers once again repeated", "cijVeptWSiE-00656-00303694-00304156": "Rowbotham z' experiment at the bedford level with similar results they detected", "cijVeptWSiE-00657-00304156-00304615": "no curvature and saw the boat beyond the halfway mark ER but became obscured by", "cijVeptWSiE-00658-00304615-00305113": "poor weather before reaching the full six miles in 1871 after getting massive", "cijVeptWSiE-00659-00305113-00305368": "amounts of pressure from the public to address these claims", "cijVeptWSiE-00660-00305368-00305788": "from Flat Earth proponents Royal Astronomical Society President George", "cijVeptWSiE-00661-00305788-00306196": "Airy devised an experiment which he hoped to add once and for all prove", "cijVeptWSiE-00662-00306196-00306541": "Earth's axial motion and forever silenced the rabble-rousing", "cijVeptWSiE-00663-00306541-00306976": "flat-earthers by first filling a telescope with water to slow down the", "cijVeptWSiE-00664-00306976-00307387": "speed of light inside then calculating the tilt necessary to get the Starlight", "cijVeptWSiE-00665-00307387-00307789": "directly down the tube every plan to measure the speed of the telescope and", "cijVeptWSiE-00666-00307789-00308218": "thereby the speed of the earth by extrapolating the amount of tilt needed", "cijVeptWSiE-00667-00308218-00308683": "to keep the Starlight coming in straight the experiment however would go down in", "cijVeptWSiE-00668-00308683-00309190": "history and forever be known as Ares failure because every time he repeated", "cijVeptWSiE-00669-00309190-00309616": "it aery found the Starlight was already coming in the correct angle with no", "cijVeptWSiE-00670-00309616-00310075": "change necessary proving that the stars move relative to a stationary earth and", "cijVeptWSiE-00671-00310075-00310399": "not the other way around arrey had meant to prove the", "cijVeptWSiE-00672-00310399-00310870": "heliocentric theory but instead devised an everlasting proof of the geocentric", "cijVeptWSiE-00673-00310870-00311542": "model in 1887 American physicists Albert Michelson and Edward Morley performed an", "cijVeptWSiE-00674-00311542-00311914": "experiment to determine Earth's speed through space or what was then called", "cijVeptWSiE-00675-00311914-00312388": "the ether by passing light through two pathways one in the direction of Earth's", "cijVeptWSiE-00676-00312388-00312805": "alleged motion and the other at right angles to it the light traveling with", "cijVeptWSiE-00677-00312805-00313156": "the earth should have taken longer to return than light traveling at right", "cijVeptWSiE-00678-00313156-00313525": "angles to it to the surprise of Mickelson Morley in the scientific", "cijVeptWSiE-00679-00313525-00313948": "establishment however no difference whatsoever was detected even after", "cijVeptWSiE-00680-00313948-00314380": "repeating the experiment several times in different places to attempt to patch", "cijVeptWSiE-00681-00314380-00314830": "up this glaring problem the heliocentric establishment created the Fitzgerald", "cijVeptWSiE-00682-00314830-00315310": "Lawrence contraction which actually had the gall to claim that the light pathway", "cijVeptWSiE-00683-00315310-00315718": "going the same direction as the earth became physically shorter during the", "cijVeptWSiE-00684-00315718-00316222": "experiment so that the time to return became equal to the other pathway the", "cijVeptWSiE-00685-00316222-00316597": "implications of Mickelson and Marley's experiment were so detrimental to the", "cijVeptWSiE-00686-00316597-00316938": "spinning globe Earth myth that they were forced to concoct this ludicrous", "cijVeptWSiE-00687-00316938-00317371": "backpedaling explanation which even Arthur Miller denounced calling it a", "cijVeptWSiE-00688-00317371-00317980": "physics of desperation after Samuel Rowbotham death Lady Elizabeth blunt an", "cijVeptWSiE-00689-00317980-00318415": "English author flat earther vocal vegetarian and anti", "cijVeptWSiE-00690-00318415-00318919": "section astounded the universal zetetic society which attracted thousands of", "cijVeptWSiE-00691-00318919-00319414": "members and published a journal called the earth not a globe review for several", "cijVeptWSiE-00692-00319414-00319803": "decades many other prominent flat-earthers of the time also continued", "cijVeptWSiE-00693-00319803-00320211": "doing their best to spread the word John Hampton continued publishing his own", "cijVeptWSiE-00694-00320211-00320754": "work and reprinted all of Samuel Rowe bottoms material in 1885 William", "cijVeptWSiE-00695-00320754-00321302": "carpenter published his famous 100 proofs earth is not a globe in 1892", "cijVeptWSiE-00696-00321302-00321799": "Alexander Gleason released his new standard map of the world as it is which", "cijVeptWSiE-00697-00321799-00322126": "remains to this day one of the most accurate Flat Earth maps", "cijVeptWSiE-00698-00322126-00322578": "ever created he had hopes it would completely replace Globes and Mercator", "cijVeptWSiE-00699-00322578-00323038": "maps the world over but unfortunately his maps influence was short-lived the", "cijVeptWSiE-00700-00323038-00323602": "next year in 1893 Gleason published his Flat Earth tome entitled is the Bible", "cijVeptWSiE-00701-00323602-00324102": "from heaven is the earth the globe does modern science and the Bible agree which", "cijVeptWSiE-00702-00324102-00324601": "gave many Flat Earth proofs and also explained his wonderful met in 1899", "cijVeptWSiE-00703-00324601-00325099": "South African Flat Earth author Thomas Winship published his excellent work", "cijVeptWSiE-00704-00325099-00325578": "zette edit cosmogony evidence that the world is not a rotating revolving globe", "cijVeptWSiE-00705-00325578-00326149": "but a stationary plane circle 1903 marked the beginning of airplane travel", "cijVeptWSiE-00706-00326149-00326524": "which had it been invented in Copernicus's era would have destroyed", "cijVeptWSiE-00707-00326524-00326961": "his spinning ball earth fantasy long before takeoff when hot-air balloons", "cijVeptWSiE-00708-00326961-00327352": "were first invented people were told the reason they cannot simply float in the", "cijVeptWSiE-00709-00327352-00327748": "air and wait for the spinning ball earth to bring their destinations to them was", "cijVeptWSiE-00710-00327748-00328216": "because gravity somehow stuck the entire atmosphere and everything in it in place", "cijVeptWSiE-00711-00328216-00328686": "dragging it along at a thousand miles per hour so uniformly that we can't see", "cijVeptWSiE-00712-00328686-00328939": "it feel it hear it or measure it in any way", "cijVeptWSiE-00713-00328939-00329389": "once airplane technology evolves that we could fly at comparable speeds to the", "cijVeptWSiE-00714-00329389-00329866": "Earth's supposedly it became immediately apparent that the earth and its", "cijVeptWSiE-00715-00329866-00330255": "atmosphere could not be constantly rotating a thousand miles per hour west", "cijVeptWSiE-00716-00330255-00330724": "to east simply put if the earth were constantly spinning eastward a thousand", "cijVeptWSiE-00717-00330724-00331104": "miles per hour then airplane flight durations going eastwards versus", "cijVeptWSiE-00718-00331104-00331489": "westwards would be significantly different if the average commercial", "cijVeptWSiE-00719-00331489-00331945": "airliner travels 500 miles per hour it follows that westbound equatorial", "cijVeptWSiE-00720-00331945-00332329": "flights should reach their destination at approximately three times the speed", "cijVeptWSiE-00721-00332329-00332815": "as their eastbound return flights in reality however the differences in east", "cijVeptWSiE-00722-00332815-00333187": "and westbound flight durations usually amount to a matter of minutes and", "cijVeptWSiE-00723-00333187-00333550": "nothing near what would occur on a thousand mile per hour spinning ball", "cijVeptWSiE-00724-00333550-00334015": "earth for example flights eastward with the alleged spin of the ball earth from", "cijVeptWSiE-00725-00334015-00334531": "Tokyo to LA take an average of ten point five hours therefore the return flights", "cijVeptWSiE-00726-00334531-00334954": "westwards against the alleged spin should take an average of five point to", "cijVeptWSiE-00727-00334954-00335521": "five hours but in actual fact take an average of eleven point five hours also", "cijVeptWSiE-00728-00335521-00335923": "of note if earth were globe there are several flights in the southern", "cijVeptWSiE-00729-00335923-00336337": "hemisphere which would have the quickest straightest path over the Antarctic", "cijVeptWSiE-00730-00336337-00336853": "continent such as Santiago Chile to Sydney Australia instead of taking the", "cijVeptWSiE-00731-00336853-00337261": "shortest quickest route in a straight line over Antarctica all such flights", "cijVeptWSiE-00732-00337261-00337699": "detour all manner of directions away from Antarctica instead claiming the", "cijVeptWSiE-00733-00337699-00338131": "temperatures too cold for airplane travel considering the fact that there", "cijVeptWSiE-00734-00338131-00338644": "are plenty of flights to/from and over Antarctica and NASA claims to have", "cijVeptWSiE-00735-00338644-00339076": "technology keeping them in conditions far colder and far hotter than any", "cijVeptWSiE-00736-00339076-00339571": "experienced on earth such an excuse is clearly just an excuse and these flights", "cijVeptWSiE-00737-00339571-00340054": "aren't made because they are impossible if the earth was a ball in antarctica", "cijVeptWSiE-00738-00340054-00340435": "was too cold to fly over the only logical way to fly from Sydney to", "cijVeptWSiE-00739-00340435-00340834": "Santiago would be a straight shot over the Pacific studying in the southern", "cijVeptWSiE-00740-00340834-00341221": "hemisphere the entire way refuelling could be done in New Zealand or other", "cijVeptWSiE-00741-00341221-00341596": "southern hemisphere destinations along the way if absolutely necessary in", "cijVeptWSiE-00742-00341596-00342091": "actual fact however Santiago to Sydney flights go into the northern hemisphere", "cijVeptWSiE-00743-00342091-00342622": "making stopovers at LAX and other North American airports before continuing back", "cijVeptWSiE-00744-00342622-00343105": "down to the southern hemisphere such ridiculously wayward detours make no", "cijVeptWSiE-00745-00343105-00343468": "sense on the globe but make perfect sense and form nearly straight lines", "cijVeptWSiE-00746-00343468-00343978": "when shown on a flat earth map on a ball earth Johannesburg South Africa to Perth", "cijVeptWSiE-00747-00343978-00344374": "Australia should be a straight shot over the Indian Ocean with convenient", "cijVeptWSiE-00748-00344374-00344851": "refueling possibilities on Meritus or Madagascar in actual practice however", "cijVeptWSiE-00749-00344851-00345205": "most Johannesburg to Perth flights curiously stopover", "cijVeptWSiE-00750-00345205-00345676": "either in Dubai Hong Kong or Malaysia all of which make no sense on the ball", "cijVeptWSiE-00751-00345676-00346216": "but are completely understandable when mapped on a flat earth a casual study of", "cijVeptWSiE-00752-00346216-00346672": "other South hemisphere flight paths and stopover points will prove to even the", "cijVeptWSiE-00753-00346672-00347238": "most staunch skeptic the clear illegitimate II of globe map projections", "cijVeptWSiE-00754-00347238-00347776": "building on Mickelson and Morley's experiment in 1913 French physicist", "cijVeptWSiE-00755-00347776-00348193": "George sight knack again proved the existence of the ether and the stillness", "cijVeptWSiE-00756-00348193-00348583": "of Earth by using a beam splitter to send light and opposite directions", "cijVeptWSiE-00757-00348583-00349003": "around a path recombining them then observing their interference fringes", "cijVeptWSiE-00758-00349003-00349468": "first while stationary and then while rotating the entire experiment table two", "cijVeptWSiE-00759-00349468-00349897": "revolutions per second the changes in interference patterns between the moving", "cijVeptWSiE-00760-00349897-00350281": "and non-moving trials proved that the light and therefore the earth was", "cijVeptWSiE-00761-00350281-00350878": "stationary in 1914 William Westfield wrote his geocentric classic does the", "cijVeptWSiE-00762-00350878-00351409": "earth rotate no and when Gerard Hickson's masterpiece Kings dethroned a", "cijVeptWSiE-00763-00351409-00351820": "history of the evolution of astronomy from the time of the Roman Empire up to", "cijVeptWSiE-00764-00351820-00352291": "the present day was published in 1922 the heliocentric theory of the universe", "cijVeptWSiE-00765-00352291-00352840": "was on its last legs in 1925 the Mickelson Gale experiment", "cijVeptWSiE-00766-00352840-00353284": "again vouched for a stationary earth and it was clear to the establishment but", "cijVeptWSiE-00767-00353284-00353797": "they needed something big to bring public opinion back their way in 1916 a", "cijVeptWSiE-00768-00353797-00354217": "Jewish physicist named Albert Einstein had published his general theory of", "cijVeptWSiE-00769-00354217-00354733": "relativity a brilliant revision of heliocentrism which in one philosophical", "cijVeptWSiE-00770-00354733-00355138": "swoop abolished the ether from scientific study replacing it with a", "cijVeptWSiE-00771-00355138-00355642": "form of relativism which allowed for heliocentrism and geo centrist ISM to", "cijVeptWSiE-00772-00355642-00356080": "hold equal merit if there was no absolute etheric medium within which all", "cijVeptWSiE-00773-00356080-00356614": "things exist then hypothetically one could postulate complete relativism with", "cijVeptWSiE-00774-00356614-00357034": "regard to the movement of two objects such as the Earth and Sun in one", "cijVeptWSiE-00775-00357034-00357505": "philosophical leap with no scientific evidence to support it Einstein and the", "cijVeptWSiE-00776-00357505-00357940": "heliocentric establishment were thus able to sweep Aries failure Nicholson", "cijVeptWSiE-00777-00357940-00358298": "morally sagnik and Gale all conveniently under the carpet", "cijVeptWSiE-00778-00358298-00358709": "and pretend they didn't exist simply by claiming that all motion in the universe", "cijVeptWSiE-00779-00358709-00359216": "was relative by the late 1920s Einstein and his theories had been pushed so", "cijVeptWSiE-00780-00359216-00359560": "vehemently the heliocentric theory began making a comeback", "cijVeptWSiE-00781-00359560-00359951": "and Einstein was being touted as a genius and one of the greatest minds in", "cijVeptWSiE-00782-00359951-00360436": "history far from it even he himself admitted when asked what is it like to", "cijVeptWSiE-00783-00360436-00360878": "be the smartest man alive responded by saying I don't know you'll have to ask", "cijVeptWSiE-00784-00360878-00361394": "Nikola Tesla a true genius who in no way supported Einstein's relativity or the", "cijVeptWSiE-00785-00361394-00361877": "heliocentric theory Einstein was even caught lying when he originally claimed", "cijVeptWSiE-00786-00361877-00362231": "to have never even heard of the mickelson Morley experiment but later", "cijVeptWSiE-00787-00362231-00362669": "admitted that he had indeed created special relativity with the intent of", "cijVeptWSiE-00788-00362669-00363221": "abolishing the ether and nullifying the Michelson Morley result by the 1930s an", "cijVeptWSiE-00789-00363221-00363683": "eccentric Christian flat earther named Wilbur Glanville IVA was attracting", "cijVeptWSiE-00790-00363683-00364111": "widespread publicity around the world thanks to his American lecture tours and", "cijVeptWSiE-00791-00364111-00364571": "daily radio broadcasts from his personal station which could be heard all the way", "cijVeptWSiE-00792-00364571-00364922": "to Australia voila v''e famously founded and built", "cijVeptWSiE-00793-00364922-00365468": "Zion city in Illinois a town of 6500 people all of whom were Christian", "cijVeptWSiE-00794-00365468-00365831": "flat-earthers Zion City even had its own schools and", "cijVeptWSiE-00795-00365831-00366251": "churches which taught Flat Earth cosmology in the spirit of Rowbotham and", "cijVeptWSiE-00796-00366251-00366824": "hampton throughout his life wall IVA offered an open-ended wager of $5,000 to", "cijVeptWSiE-00797-00366824-00367301": "anyone who thought they could disprove the Flat Earth until his death in 1942", "cijVeptWSiE-00798-00367301-00367823": "there were no takers after the Second World War Operation Paperclip brought", "cijVeptWSiE-00799-00367823-00368228": "hundreds of top German rocket scientists and physicists into the United States", "cijVeptWSiE-00800-00368228-00368669": "and beginning in the late 50s employed them in NASA the National Aeronautics", "cijVeptWSiE-00801-00368669-00369149": "and Space Administration meanwhile the Russian space program was also forming", "cijVeptWSiE-00802-00369149-00369649": "and a so called space race between America and Russia ensued the", "cijVeptWSiE-00803-00369649-00370274": "geostationary communications satellite was first imagined in a 1945 proposal by", "cijVeptWSiE-00804-00370274-00370745": "Freemason science fiction writer Arthur C Clarke and supposedly became science", "cijVeptWSiE-00805-00370745-00371354": "fact just over a decade later in 1957 Russia allegedly launched the first", "cijVeptWSiE-00806-00371354-00371636": "satellite named Sputnik into low-earth orbit", "cijVeptWSiE-00807-00371636-00372254": "followed in 1958 by America's Explorer 1 nowadays they're supposedly upwards of", "cijVeptWSiE-00808-00372254-00372569": "20,000 such satellites constantly orbiting the Earth", "cijVeptWSiE-00809-00372569-00372953": "they are allegedly floating around in the thermosphere where temperatures are", "cijVeptWSiE-00810-00372953-00373244": "claimed to be upwards of four thousand five hundred and thirty degrees", "cijVeptWSiE-00811-00373244-00373706": "Fahrenheit the Middle's used in satellites however such as aluminum gold", "cijVeptWSiE-00812-00373706-00374594": "and titanium have melting points of 1221 1948 and 3034 degrees respectively all", "cijVeptWSiE-00813-00374594-00375059": "far lower than they could possibly handle people even claim to see", "cijVeptWSiE-00814-00375059-00375416": "satellites with their naked eyes but this is ridiculous considering they are", "cijVeptWSiE-00815-00375416-00375914": "smaller than a bus and allegedly a hundred plus miles away it is impossible", "cijVeptWSiE-00816-00375914-00376337": "to see anything so small that far away even using telescopes no one claims to", "cijVeptWSiE-00817-00376337-00376721": "discern the shape of satellites but rather described seeing passing moving", "cijVeptWSiE-00818-00376721-00377156": "lights which could easily be any number of things from airplanes to drones to", "cijVeptWSiE-00819-00377156-00377590": "shooting stars or other unidentified flying objects the fact that they are", "cijVeptWSiE-00820-00377590-00377984": "geostationary means they would not appear to move through the sky anyway", "cijVeptWSiE-00821-00377984-00378451": "but rather be perpetually stuck in the exact same place all day every day", "cijVeptWSiE-00822-00378451-00378890": "so-called satellite phones have been found to have reception problems in", "cijVeptWSiE-00823-00378890-00379331": "countries like Kazakhstan with very few cell phone towers if the earth were a", "cijVeptWSiE-00824-00379331-00379733": "ball with twenty thousand-plus satellites surrounding such blackouts", "cijVeptWSiE-00825-00379733-00380236": "should not regularly occur in any rural countryside and deep ocean areas also", "cijVeptWSiE-00826-00380236-00380714": "satellite TV dishes which existed for years before satellites were supposedly", "cijVeptWSiE-00827-00380714-00381212": "invented are almost always positioned at a 45-degree angle towards the nearest", "cijVeptWSiE-00828-00381212-00381677": "ground-based repeater tower if TV antenna were actually picking up signals", "cijVeptWSiE-00829-00381677-00382184": "from satellites 100-plus miles in space most TV dishes should be pointing more", "cijVeptWSiE-00830-00382184-00382649": "or less straight up to the sky the fact that satellite dishes are never pointing", "cijVeptWSiE-00831-00382649-00383099": "straight up and almost always positioned at a 45-degree angle proves they are", "cijVeptWSiE-00832-00383099-00383612": "picking up ground-based tower signals before satellites radio television and", "cijVeptWSiE-00833-00383612-00384062": "navigation systems like Lauren and Decca were already well established and worked", "cijVeptWSiE-00834-00384062-00384536": "fine using only ground-based technologies nowadays huge fiber-optic", "cijVeptWSiE-00835-00384536-00384979": "cables connect the Internet across oceans gigantic cell towers triangulate", "cijVeptWSiE-00836-00384979-00385504": "GPS signals and ionospheric propagation allows radio waves to be bounced all", "cijVeptWSiE-00837-00385504-00386026": "without the aid of the science fiction bestseller known as satellites also in", "cijVeptWSiE-00838-00386026-00386489": "the late 50s a sign maker from Dover England named Samuel Shenton in the", "cijVeptWSiE-00839-00386489-00386966": "spirit of Rowbotham and lady Blount zetetic society created AI furs the", "cijVeptWSiE-00840-00386966-00387370": "International Flat Earth Research Society and began giving lectures on", "cijVeptWSiE-00841-00387370-00387829": "television in newspapers to youth clubs and schools about our flat motionless", "cijVeptWSiE-00842-00387829-00388276": "Earth Shenton discovered the writings of the late 19th century Flat Earth authors", "cijVeptWSiE-00843-00388276-00388648": "mentioned previously and made it his mission to spread the synthetic message", "cijVeptWSiE-00844-00388648-00389122": "as far and wide as he could with NASA's supposin satellite launches happening", "cijVeptWSiE-00845-00389122-00389506": "people constantly questioned Shenton about satellites proving the globe earth", "cijVeptWSiE-00846-00389506-00389947": "to which he would always reply the sailing around the Isle of Wight proven", "cijVeptWSiE-00847-00389947-00390409": "as spherical when NASA claimed to have put the first man in space shut ins said", "cijVeptWSiE-00848-00390409-00390805": "from the beginning that it was all photo and video trickery when John Glenn", "cijVeptWSiE-00849-00390805-00391318": "supposedly orbited the world in 1963 Shenton even sent him a free I FERS", "cijVeptWSiE-00850-00391318-00391867": "membership with a personal message saying ok wise guy Shenton knew that", "cijVeptWSiE-00851-00391867-00392339": "John Glenn two-time US senator and one of NASA's first astronauts was a lying", "cijVeptWSiE-00852-00392339-00392650": "freemason just like his heliocentric forefathers", "cijVeptWSiE-00853-00392650-00393142": "from Pythagoras to Copernicus Kepler to Cavendish along with most all of NASA's", "cijVeptWSiE-00854-00393142-00393661": "astronauts Buzz Aldrin jr. is an admitted ring wearing hand sign flashing", "cijVeptWSiE-00855-00393661-00394115": "33rd degree Mason from Montclair Lodge number 144 in New Jersey", "cijVeptWSiE-00856-00394115-00394576": "edgar mitchell is an order of de Molay mason that arrests the lodge number 29", "cijVeptWSiE-00857-00394576-00395083": "in New Mexico James Irwin was a Teton lodge number 104 member in Colorado", "cijVeptWSiE-00858-00395083-00395425": "Springs Donna Zell was a member of the Luthor be", "cijVeptWSiE-00859-00395425-00395998": "Turner Lodge number 732 in Ohio Gordon Cooper was a master mason in Carbondale", "cijVeptWSiE-00860-00395998-00396502": "Lodge number 82 in Colorado virgil grissom was a Master Mason from Mitchell", "cijVeptWSiE-00861-00396502-00397045": "Lodge number 228 in Indiana Walter schirra jr. was a 33rd degree Mason at", "cijVeptWSiE-00862-00397045-00397600": "Canaveral Lodge number 339 in Florida Thomas Stafford is a Mason at Western", "cijVeptWSiE-00863-00397600-00398192": "Star Lodge number 138 in Oklahoma Paul Weitz is from Lawrence Lodge number 708", "cijVeptWSiE-00864-00398192-00398567": "in Pennsylvania see Fred clang necked the head of NASA", "cijVeptWSiE-00865-00398567-00399023": "during the Apollo program shortly thereafter became sovereign grand", "cijVeptWSiE-00866-00399023-00399377": "commander of the Council of the 33rd degree of the ancient and accepted", "cijVeptWSiE-00867-00399377-00399791": "Scottish Rite of Freemasonry of the southern jurisdiction NASA astronauts", "cijVeptWSiE-00868-00399791-00400283": "Neil Armstrong Alan Shepard William Pogue Vance brand and Anthony England", "cijVeptWSiE-00869-00400283-00400763": "all had fathers who were freemasons as well the amount of astronauts known to", "cijVeptWSiE-00870-00400763-00401183": "be Freemasons or from free masonic families is astonishing it is likely", "cijVeptWSiE-00871-00401183-00401543": "that more astronauts and people of key importance in NASA are affiliated with", "cijVeptWSiE-00872-00401543-00401987": "the brotherhood as well but not so open about their membership for there to be", "cijVeptWSiE-00873-00401987-00402440": "this many Masons members of the world's largest and oldest secret society", "cijVeptWSiE-00874-00402440-00402785": "involved with the promotion and propagation of this globalist", "cijVeptWSiE-00875-00402785-00403208": "heliocentric doctrine from his outset to modern times should raise some serious", "cijVeptWSiE-00876-00403208-00403670": "suspicion before the first of hollow missions ever even cleared the launch", "cijVeptWSiE-00877-00403670-00404285": "pad 11 NASA astronauts died in highly suspicious accidents Gus Grissom Roger", "cijVeptWSiE-00878-00404285-00404702": "Chaffee and Ed White were all cremated together in an Apollo capsule fire", "cijVeptWSiE-00879-00404702-00405125": "during a completely unnecessary and dangerous test where they were strapped", "cijVeptWSiE-00880-00405125-00405548": "down and locked into a hundred percent oxygen chamber which incinerated the", "cijVeptWSiE-00881-00405548-00406076": "three of them to death in seconds seven other astronauts Ted Freeman Charles", "cijVeptWSiE-00882-00406076-00406544": "Bassett Elliot see Russell Rogers Clifton Williams Michael Adams and", "cijVeptWSiE-00883-00406544-00407078": "Robert Lorenz died in six separate airplane crashes and Ed Gibbons in a car", "cijVeptWSiE-00884-00407078-00407753": "crash eight of these deaths were in 1967 alone so many astronauts coincidentally", "cijVeptWSiE-00885-00407753-00408251": "dying under such circumstances is highly unlikely and lends credence to the idea", "cijVeptWSiE-00886-00408251-00408635": "that these were intentional hits by the Masons trying to find the right people", "cijVeptWSiE-00887-00408635-00409085": "to sell their hoaxes one of the most outspoken of the Fallen astronauts was", "cijVeptWSiE-00888-00409085-00409627": "Gus Grissom by 1967 Grissom had become increasingly irritated and vocally", "cijVeptWSiE-00889-00409627-00410072": "negative about NASA's chances of ever landing a man on the moon he stated the", "cijVeptWSiE-00890-00410072-00410525": "odds were pretty slim and famously hung a lemon on the Apollo capsule after it", "cijVeptWSiE-00891-00410525-00410921": "repeatedly failed safety testing procedures Grissom threatened to go", "cijVeptWSiE-00892-00410921-00411338": "public with his complaints about the LEM and even told his wife Betty quote if", "cijVeptWSiE-00893-00411338-00411784": "there ever is a serious accident the space program it's likely to be me", "cijVeptWSiE-00894-00411784-00412288": "right after his murder government agents raided Grissom's house before anyone had", "cijVeptWSiE-00895-00412288-00412687": "been informed about the fire or his death then removed all his personal", "cijVeptWSiE-00896-00412687-00413416": "papers and his diary never to be returned from 1969 to 1972 the", "cijVeptWSiE-00897-00413416-00413788": "Freemasons at NASA claimed to have landed six of their Apollo missions on", "cijVeptWSiE-00898-00413788-00414301": "the moon with this ingenious deception a bit of rocket technology a bunch of", "cijVeptWSiE-00899-00414301-00414733": "lying freemasons and photographs taken through our round window with this one", "cijVeptWSiE-00900-00414733-00415156": "SIOP NASA managed to convince nearly everyone on earth that they live on a", "cijVeptWSiE-00901-00415156-00415657": "spinning ball however in the documentary a funny thing happened on the way to the", "cijVeptWSiE-00902-00415657-00415876": "moon you can watch official leaked NASA", "cijVeptWSiE-00903-00415876-00416377": "footage showing Apollo 11 astronauts Buzz Aldrin Neil Armstrong and Michael", "cijVeptWSiE-00904-00416377-00416835": "Collins for almost an hour using transparencies and camera tricks to fake", "cijVeptWSiE-00905-00416835-00417295": "shots of around Earth they communicate over audio with control in houston about", "cijVeptWSiE-00906-00417295-00417712": "how to accurately stage the shot and someone keeps prompting them on how to", "cijVeptWSiE-00907-00417712-00418156": "effectively manipulate the camera to achieve the desired effect first they", "cijVeptWSiE-00908-00418156-00418576": "blacked out all the windows except for a downward facing circular one which they", "cijVeptWSiE-00909-00418576-00418968": "aimed the camera towards from several feet away this created the illusion of a", "cijVeptWSiE-00910-00418968-00419356": "ball shaped earth surrounded by the blackness of space when in fact it was", "cijVeptWSiE-00911-00419356-00419803": "simply a round window in their dark cabin Neil Armstrong claimed at this", "cijVeptWSiE-00912-00419803-00420178": "point to be a hundred and thirty thousand miles from Earth halfway to the", "cijVeptWSiE-00913-00420178-00420522": "moon but when camera tricks were finished the viewer could see for", "cijVeptWSiE-00914-00420522-00420897": "themselves the astronauts were not more than a couple dozen miles above the", "cijVeptWSiE-00915-00420897-00421246": "Earth's surface in a high altitude plane these images", "cijVeptWSiE-00916-00421246-00421726": "showing a globular world soon became the Freemasons most valuable tool in", "cijVeptWSiE-00917-00421726-00422158": "altering public perception about the shape of the earth since the original", "cijVeptWSiE-00918-00422158-00422643": "so-called Blue Marble image nASA has provided the public with many more", "cijVeptWSiE-00919-00422643-00423079": "pictures and videos showing a globe earth toting veritable photographic", "cijVeptWSiE-00920-00423079-00423693": "proof that Pythagoras is 2500 year old theory was finally validated when seen", "cijVeptWSiE-00921-00423693-00424057": "with a skeptical eye however professional photo analysts have", "cijVeptWSiE-00922-00424057-00424516": "dissected several NASA images of the ball earth and found undeniable proof of", "cijVeptWSiE-00923-00424516-00424912": "computer editing for example images of the earth alleged", "cijVeptWSiE-00924-00424912-00425359": "they taken from the moon have proven to be copied and pasted in as evidence by", "cijVeptWSiE-00925-00425359-00425770": "rectangular cuts found in the black background around the earth by adjusting", "cijVeptWSiE-00926-00425770-00426226": "brightness and contrast levels if they were truly on the moon and earth was", "cijVeptWSiE-00927-00426226-00426760": "truly a ball there would be no need to fake such pictures when NASA's images of", "cijVeptWSiE-00928-00426760-00427122": "the ball earth are compared with one another the coloration of the land and", "cijVeptWSiE-00929-00427122-00427477": "oceans and relative size of the continents are consistently so", "cijVeptWSiE-00930-00427477-00427864": "drastically different from one another as to prove beyond any reasonable doubt", "cijVeptWSiE-00931-00427864-00428310": "that the pictures are all fake nASA has many alleged photographs of the ball", "cijVeptWSiE-00932-00428310-00428827": "earth which shows several exact copy and pasted duplicate cloud patterns cheeky", "cijVeptWSiE-00933-00428827-00429313": "graphics artists have even placed things like faces dragons and the word sex into", "cijVeptWSiE-00934-00429313-00429789": "cloud patterns over various ball earth pictures one recent Pluto picture", "cijVeptWSiE-00935-00429789-00430363": "clearly has a picture of Disney's Pluto the dog layered into the background when", "cijVeptWSiE-00936-00430363-00430831": "a clear afternoon during a waxing or waning moon cycle it is possible to see", "cijVeptWSiE-00937-00430831-00431299": "the blue sky right through the moon for centuries stars and planets have often", "cijVeptWSiE-00938-00431299-00431743": "been seen and recorded even by the Royal Astronomical Society to have been seen", "cijVeptWSiE-00939-00431743-00432114": "through the moon if the moon is translucent enough to see objects", "cijVeptWSiE-00940-00432114-00432577": "through it it cannot be the solid spherical planetoid claimed by NASA and", "cijVeptWSiE-00941-00432577-00433072": "modern astronomers Samuel Shenton president of lifers was quoted before", "cijVeptWSiE-00942-00433072-00433480": "the Apollo supposed moon landings stating that stars have been seen", "cijVeptWSiE-00943-00433480-00433828": "through the moon the astronauts had better be ready to come right back", "cijVeptWSiE-00944-00433828-00434106": "because there isn't anything much to land on", "cijVeptWSiE-00945-00434106-00434568": "besides Shenton many of the first people to unequivocally call out the NASA moon", "cijVeptWSiE-00946-00434568-00435028": "landings as being a staged hoax were professional photographers when the", "cijVeptWSiE-00947-00435028-00435445": "official NASA photographs of the moon are closely examined it is clear that", "cijVeptWSiE-00948-00435445-00435904": "many were taken inside a studio using repetitive backgrounds artificial", "cijVeptWSiE-00949-00435904-00436483": "lighting wires and cranes award-winning British photographer David Percy photo", "cijVeptWSiE-00950-00436483-00436935": "analyst and historian Jack White photographer and nexus magazine", "cijVeptWSiE-00951-00436935-00437428": "publisher Marcus Allen and many others all put their professional reputations", "cijVeptWSiE-00952-00437428-00437983": "on the line to expose NASA's so-called photographic evidence none of the Apollo", "cijVeptWSiE-00953-00437983-00438265": "missions brought any extra studio lighting with them", "cijVeptWSiE-00954-00438265-00438742": "the lunar lander so the Sun should be the only light source on the moon and in", "cijVeptWSiE-00955-00438742-00439163": "all pictures taken there in that case the light should only come from one", "cijVeptWSiE-00956-00439163-00439517": "direction and all shadows should be cast in the opposite direction", "cijVeptWSiE-00957-00439517-00440051": "however in dozens of official NASA photos there are shadows being cast in", "cijVeptWSiE-00958-00440051-00440546": "up to three directions simultaneously often at up to 90 degree angles which", "cijVeptWSiE-00959-00440546-00441085": "can only be the result of multiple light sources not present on the moon several", "cijVeptWSiE-00960-00441085-00441463": "pictures even show overhead spotlights reflecting in astronauts helmets and", "cijVeptWSiE-00961-00441463-00441956": "multiple lens flares originating from two or more light sources analyzing", "cijVeptWSiE-00962-00441956-00442396": "several images from the six missions shows repeated background features the", "cijVeptWSiE-00963-00442396-00442859": "exact same hills dunes and craters being used over and over again in supposedly", "cijVeptWSiE-00964-00442859-00443309": "different places on the moon as well as visible foreground and back drop lines", "cijVeptWSiE-00965-00443309-00443863": "indicative of a studio set in images from Apollo 11 Buzz Aldrin can be seen", "cijVeptWSiE-00966-00443863-00444227": "wearing different colored gloves and different length boots in pictures that", "cijVeptWSiE-00967-00444227-00444460": "were supposedly taken within minutes of each other", "cijVeptWSiE-00968-00444460-00444935": "if Buzz was really in the vacuum of space in a pressurized spacesuit he", "cijVeptWSiE-00969-00444935-00445363": "certainly would not have had the time or reason to depressurize and repressurize", "cijVeptWSiE-00970-00445363-00445880": "his suit just to make such fashion adjustments some pictures show the lunar", "cijVeptWSiE-00971-00445880-00446303": "rover with no tracks anywhere around it others show Rover tracks all over the", "cijVeptWSiE-00972-00446303-00446671": "foreground while it is yet to be unpacked and unloaded a couple pictures", "cijVeptWSiE-00973-00446671-00447128": "even show what appear to be sneakers and a lady's heel tracks on the moon in", "cijVeptWSiE-00974-00447128-00447563": "addition to the astronauts boot prints another glaring mistake is that none of", "cijVeptWSiE-00975-00447563-00447977": "NASA's images or videos show stars in the background as they should just", "cijVeptWSiE-00976-00447977-00448447": "complete blackness likely because exact star maps as they should appear from the", "cijVeptWSiE-00977-00448447-00448931": "moon would be nearly impossible to fake the testimony of different astronauts on", "cijVeptWSiE-00978-00448931-00449263": "different missions in their autobiographies and interviews just", "cijVeptWSiE-00979-00449263-00449722": "muddies the water even more some of them bragging about the quote astonishingly", "cijVeptWSiE-00980-00449722-00450203": "brilliant light of the stars and others saying they quote don't remember seeing", "cijVeptWSiE-00981-00450203-00450662": "a single star while on the moon such inconsistencies and the fact that", "cijVeptWSiE-00982-00450662-00451060": "none of NASA's moon pictures feature stars or planets in their appropriate", "cijVeptWSiE-00983-00451060-00451547": "positions should raise a red flag that these astronauts or not on the", "cijVeptWSiE-00984-00451547-00452179": "any pictures of the Sun on the moon are clearly spotlights and not the Sun some", "cijVeptWSiE-00985-00452179-00452626": "images show studio lighting lens flares or studio lighting reflecting off a", "cijVeptWSiE-00986-00452626-00453145": "black background one image clearly shows a shadow on the ceiling of space as the", "cijVeptWSiE-00987-00453145-00453739": "lunar lander lifts off many images show shadows of reticule crosshairs suspended", "cijVeptWSiE-00988-00453739-00454246": "in air over a print underneath proving them to be doctored and not originals as", "cijVeptWSiE-00989-00454246-00454752": "claimed images of the lunar lander supposedly on the moon shows a pathetic", "cijVeptWSiE-00990-00454752-00455299": "1969 attempt at creating high-tech futuristic looking equipment using what", "cijVeptWSiE-00991-00455299-00455889": "appears to be construction paper gold foil scotch tape and metal shower rods", "cijVeptWSiE-00992-00455889-00456412": "the idea that the piece of junk shown in these official NASA photographs flew to", "cijVeptWSiE-00993-00456412-00456889": "the moon and back is so ludicrous is laughable close-ups of the lunar lander", "cijVeptWSiE-00994-00456889-00457285": "footpads show them without a speck of dust on them and without a burn print", "cijVeptWSiE-00995-00457285-00457858": "under its 10,000 pound thrusters like it was just gently set down in place NASA", "cijVeptWSiE-00996-00457858-00458224": "scientists and their own documents were worried about the LEM falling into its", "cijVeptWSiE-00997-00458224-00458685": "own massive burn radius yet there it sits with no burn print and spotless", "cijVeptWSiE-00998-00458685-00459151": "clean pads even the astronauts boot prints made deep impressions on the moon", "cijVeptWSiE-00999-00459151-00459543": "dust at the Landers 10,000 pound thrusters left not a trace", "cijVeptWSiE-01000-00459543-00460117": "no blast hole and no desk on the pads when the video evidence is examined even", "cijVeptWSiE-01001-00460117-00460585": "more anomalies are found in certain frames like pings can be seen reflecting", "cijVeptWSiE-01002-00460585-00461074": "off overhead stage wires attached to astronauts backpacks in one Apollo 16", "cijVeptWSiE-01003-00461074-00461542": "clip an astronaut falls to his knees and has quickly jerked back up to his feet", "cijVeptWSiE-01004-00461542-00462025": "by what can only be an unseen wire hoisting him straight upwards one of the", "cijVeptWSiE-01005-00462025-00462445": "more obvious video anomalies is how several Apollo missions show American", "cijVeptWSiE-01006-00462445-00462868": "flags flapping around in the non-existent space wind the moon is", "cijVeptWSiE-01007-00462868-00463216": "supposed to have no atmosphere and so the flags should remain perfectly still", "cijVeptWSiE-01008-00463216-00463738": "but can often be seen moving quite boisterously another interesting video", "cijVeptWSiE-01009-00463738-00464209": "anomaly is discovered by playing NASA's moon footage at two times speed then", "cijVeptWSiE-01010-00464209-00464599": "watching the astronauts walking running jumping or cruising around on their", "cijVeptWSiE-01011-00464599-00464887": "little buggy without the speed adjustment", "cijVeptWSiE-01012-00464887-00465358": "there is a low gravity illusion as the astronauts seem to float drift and glide", "cijVeptWSiE-01013-00465358-00465841": "slowly and smoothly along but once they are seen at two times speed it becomes", "cijVeptWSiE-01014-00465841-00466264": "clear that they are in quote normal gravity walking running jumping and", "cijVeptWSiE-01015-00466264-00466710": "cruising at normal speeds they simply reduced the play speed by 50% in", "cijVeptWSiE-01016-00466710-00467239": "post-production and voila instant moon motion the only is the", "cijVeptWSiE-01017-00467239-00467718": "Apollo video record fraught with fraud but NASA claims the original Apollo 11", "cijVeptWSiE-01018-00467718-00468139": "videos have conveniently disappeared from their records so no one can analyze", "cijVeptWSiE-01019-00468139-00468616": "them for authenticity you heard correctly they spent over 30 billion", "cijVeptWSiE-01020-00468616-00469132": "dollars of American taxpayer money traveling to the moon and then lost the", "cijVeptWSiE-01021-00469132-00469657": "video evidence those blurry ghostly black-and-white images shown on TV were", "cijVeptWSiE-01022-00469657-00470143": "purposely lousy because NASA insisted at the time that all TV networks must", "cijVeptWSiE-01023-00470143-00470539": "broadcast directly from a big-screen display in their operations room a", "cijVeptWSiE-01024-00470539-00471049": "mandate which all the major networks accepted and so what the public saw was", "cijVeptWSiE-01025-00471049-00471508": "just a video of a poorly magnified video and now it is impossible to watch the", "cijVeptWSiE-01026-00471508-00472051": "original not only have the Apollo 11 originals disappeared but NASA claims to", "cijVeptWSiE-01027-00472051-00472408": "have lost all original audio tapes from the Apollo missions and that their", "cijVeptWSiE-01028-00472408-00472872": "contractors have lost all prints and plans for the lunar rover LEM lander and", "cijVeptWSiE-01029-00472872-00473341": "Apollo ship engines it even recently came out that when curators at", "cijVeptWSiE-01030-00473341-00473809": "Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum investigated their moon rock personally given to them", "cijVeptWSiE-01031-00473809-00474253": "by armstrong and aldrin in 1969 they found that it was actually just a", "cijVeptWSiE-01032-00474253-00474832": "worthless piece of petrified wood from Earth in 1970 Freemason and philosophy", "cijVeptWSiE-01033-00474832-00475293": "professor at st. Thomas's University Leo Ferrari created the Flat Earth Society", "cijVeptWSiE-01034-00475293-00475767": "of Canada which he soon shortened to simply the Flat Earth Society", "cijVeptWSiE-01035-00475767-00476281": "unlike Samuelson Tain's International Flat Earth Research Society in every way", "cijVeptWSiE-01036-00476281-00476797": "Leo Ferraris Flat Earth Society treated the entire subject as a deadpan joke", "cijVeptWSiE-01037-00476797-00477259": "making a mockery of it and even creating several intentionally false Flat Earth", "cijVeptWSiE-01038-00477259-00477772": "arguments for example Leo Ferrari would always bring a pumpkin sized Rock with", "cijVeptWSiE-01039-00477772-00478147": "him during interviews and lectures claiming he brought the stone back from", "cijVeptWSiE-01040-00478147-00478642": "Ejim are flat earth he would say with a huge smirk on his face how his boat had", "cijVeptWSiE-01041-00478642-00479116": "fallen over the edge but he was luckily saved by hanging onto this rock clearly", "cijVeptWSiE-01042-00479116-00479439": "treating our flat earth in this tongue-in-cheek way discouraged people", "cijVeptWSiE-01043-00479439-00479826": "from taking the matter seriously in creating this fake Flat Earth Society", "cijVeptWSiE-01044-00479826-00480322": "was the Freemasons way of mitigating Shenton ciphers genuine threat to their", "cijVeptWSiE-01045-00480322-00480967": "global deception in 1971 samuel Shenton passed away and the American former", "cijVeptWSiE-01046-00480967-00481418": "airplane mechanic Charles Kate Johnson took his place as president of I firs", "cijVeptWSiE-01047-00481418-00481903": "Charles and his wife Marjorie like lady blunt and many of the original zetetic", "cijVeptWSiE-01048-00481903-00482364": "society members were not only flat earthers but outspoken vegetarians and", "cijVeptWSiE-01049-00482364-00482806": "anti-vivisection ESTs Charles and Marjorie maintained a periodical called", "cijVeptWSiE-01050-00482806-00483271": "the Flat Earth news for many years where they printed articles about NASA's lies", "cijVeptWSiE-01051-00483271-00483616": "geo centricity Flat Earth and vegetarianism", "cijVeptWSiE-01052-00483616-00484147": "unlike leo ferrari and his mock society spreading disinformation charles johnson", "cijVeptWSiE-01053-00484147-00484485": "was a genuine voice speaking out against the evils of the world", "cijVeptWSiE-01054-00484485-00485008": "in 1974 when johnson heard of Ferraris budding organization he decided to", "cijVeptWSiE-01055-00485008-00485407": "contact him and wrote a cordial letter requesting further information about his", "cijVeptWSiE-01056-00485407-00485889": "society to which ferrari never replied two years later johnson wrote another", "cijVeptWSiE-01057-00485889-00486202": "polite letter saying how he was delighted by the prospect of a", "cijVeptWSiE-01058-00486202-00486601": "like-minded campaigner and said how it was a very happy day when he learned of", "cijVeptWSiE-01059-00486601-00487132": "ferrari society quote i feel sure at the core we cannot be too far apart in ames", "cijVeptWSiE-01060-00487132-00487597": "Johnson wrote I do try to practice what I preach to think and seek and search", "cijVeptWSiE-01061-00487597-00488002": "out reasonable ideas and concepts he closed saying that he could hardly", "cijVeptWSiE-01062-00488002-00488482": "wait to hear from Ferrari and hoped very much he would please reply after six", "cijVeptWSiE-01063-00488482-00488893": "months without a response Johnson wrote one more time explaining again his sole", "cijVeptWSiE-01064-00488893-00489318": "purpose to enlarge his view and getting and holding on to the facts which would", "cijVeptWSiE-01065-00489318-00489763": "benefit himself and in time the rest of the world he requested a reply and a", "cijVeptWSiE-01066-00489763-00490300": "copy of Ferraris FES magazine in conclusion Johnson signed thanks from", "cijVeptWSiE-01067-00490300-00490759": "the bottom of my heart in advance but warned that if Ferrari insisted on", "cijVeptWSiE-01068-00490759-00491218": "ignoring him once again quote I will then know for sure that you are some", "cijVeptWSiE-01069-00491218-00491737": "kind of enemy of the Flat Earth work eventually Ferrari did reply this time", "cijVeptWSiE-01070-00491737-00492034": "but not with a message or magazine as requested", "cijVeptWSiE-01071-00492034-00492553": "he simply enclosed an FES paid application form Johnson investigated", "cijVeptWSiE-01072-00492553-00492967": "Ferraris organization further and found that he was using quote the Flat Earth", "cijVeptWSiE-01073-00492967-00493507": "idea as a gimmick to entertain and promote the atheistic society from then", "cijVeptWSiE-01074-00493507-00493942": "on Johnson worked hard to expand his I firs and constantly for the rest of his", "cijVeptWSiE-01075-00493942-00494467": "life exposed Ferraris FES calling him a false prophet guilty of muddying the", "cijVeptWSiE-01076-00494467-00494964": "waters of truth near the end of his life tragically Johnson's house burned down", "cijVeptWSiE-01077-00494964-00495385": "along with all the Flat Earth materials he and Shenton had collected over their", "cijVeptWSiE-01078-00495385-00495916": "lifetimes until his dying day Johnson claimed the fire to be the result of", "cijVeptWSiE-01079-00495916-00496287": "arson by a NASA agent he had seen snooping around", "cijVeptWSiE-01080-00496287-00496855": "apparently finished with their moon landing propaganda starting in 1976 NASA", "cijVeptWSiE-01081-00496855-00497407": "began faking Mars landings instead to begin with the planets formerly known as", "cijVeptWSiE-01082-00497407-00497860": "wandering stars are not terrestrial earth-like habitations capable of", "cijVeptWSiE-01083-00497860-00498301": "landing anything on the Sun moon and stars are all simply luminaries", "cijVeptWSiE-01084-00498301-00498789": "celestial lights relatively close to Earth and not something tangibly solid", "cijVeptWSiE-01085-00498789-00499218": "that humans could ever walk on this is painfully obvious to anyone with", "cijVeptWSiE-01086-00499218-00499774": "functioning eyeballs and a telescope or Nikon p900 camera but NASA continues to", "cijVeptWSiE-01087-00499774-00500235": "this day to publish thousands of fake cgi images claiming to come from Mars", "cijVeptWSiE-01088-00500235-00500704": "even assuming Mars was an actual spherical desert planet as NASA claims", "cijVeptWSiE-01089-00500704-00501103": "it is impossible for them to have safely landed the probes based on their own", "cijVeptWSiE-01090-00501103-00501538": "trials and statistics they say the surface pressure on Mars is only three", "cijVeptWSiE-01091-00501538-00501918": "tenths of one percent the surface pressure on earth and equivalent to the", "cijVeptWSiE-01092-00501918-00502201": "pressure at about 23 miles above the earth", "cijVeptWSiE-01093-00502201-00502663": "there is not enough air mater at that pressure however to provide any lift for", "cijVeptWSiE-01094-00502663-00503139": "open the parachutes nASA uses to land its Mars probes no parachute ever", "cijVeptWSiE-01095-00503139-00503563": "devised has been able to successfully deploy at that altitude they simply", "cijVeptWSiE-01096-00503563-00504046": "stream straight back then never field the rest of the way down Joe kittinger's", "cijVeptWSiE-01097-00504046-00504451": "Record highest fastest and longest parachute dive from the Earth's upper", "cijVeptWSiE-01098-00504451-00504835": "atmosphere had him free-falling from only 19 miles high", "cijVeptWSiE-01099-00504835-00505232": "for 15 minutes at seven hundred and sixty seven miles per hour", "cijVeptWSiE-01100-00505232-00505747": "and his drogue chute proved useless and offered no deceleration yet NASA would", "cijVeptWSiE-01101-00505747-00506164": "have us believe for example that Phoenix's parachute managed to somehow", "cijVeptWSiE-01102-00506164-00506576": "slow it down from twelve thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight miles per hour", "cijVeptWSiE-01103-00506576-00507115": "to 123 miles per hour in just two point eight six minutes before its final", "cijVeptWSiE-01104-00507115-00507629": "landing in other words NASA is claiming to do something on Mars millions of", "cijVeptWSiE-01105-00507629-00508060": "miles away by remote control something that we have no evidence is even", "cijVeptWSiE-01106-00508060-00508590": "possible on earth at significantly lower altitude and sixteen times slower speed", "cijVeptWSiE-01107-00508590-00509081": "to this day NASA continues to fake Mars landings and more government space", "cijVeptWSiE-01108-00509081-00509542": "agencies around the world including Russia China Japan France India and", "cijVeptWSiE-01109-00509542-00509921": "others are following the same freemasonic model of fleecing their", "cijVeptWSiE-01110-00509921-00510359": "populations of taxpayer money to fund programs that provide the public nothing", "cijVeptWSiE-01111-00510359-00510878": "but propaganda NASA and other space agencies rocket launches never even go", "cijVeptWSiE-01112-00510878-00511379": "straight up every rocket forms a parabolic curve peeks out and inevitably", "cijVeptWSiE-01113-00511379-00511696": "starts falling back to earth the Rockets which are declared", "cijVeptWSiE-01114-00511696-00512197": "successful are those few which don't explode or start falling too soon but", "cijVeptWSiE-01115-00512197-00512588": "make it out of range of spectator view before crashing down into restricted", "cijVeptWSiE-01116-00512588-00513073": "waters and recovered there is no magic altitude where rockets or anything else", "cijVeptWSiE-01117-00513073-00513640": "can simply go up up up and then suddenly just start free-floating in space this", "cijVeptWSiE-01118-00513640-00514100": "is all science fiction illusion created by wires greens greens", "cijVeptWSiE-01119-00514100-00514757": "dark pools some permed hair and zero-g planes in 1998 NASA claimed to have sent", "cijVeptWSiE-01120-00514757-00515210": "up their first piece of the ISS International Space Station they have", "cijVeptWSiE-01121-00515210-00515647": "been caught however time and again with air bubbles forming and floating off in", "cijVeptWSiE-01122-00515647-00516067": "their official outer space footage astronauts have also been caught using", "cijVeptWSiE-01123-00516067-00516710": "scuba space gear kicking their legs to move an astronaut Luca parmitano even", "cijVeptWSiE-01124-00516710-00517135": "almost drowned when water started filling up his helmet while allegedly on", "cijVeptWSiE-01125-00517135-00517613": "a spacewalk it is admitted that astronauts trained for their spacewalks", "cijVeptWSiE-01126-00517613-00518140": "in underwater training facilities like NASA's neutral buoyancy lab", "cijVeptWSiE-01127-00518140-00518627": "but what is obvious from there space bubbles and other blunders is that all", "cijVeptWSiE-01128-00518627-00519332": "official spacewalk footage is also faked and filmed underwater analysis of many", "cijVeptWSiE-01129-00519332-00519746": "interior videos from the International Space Station have shown the use of", "cijVeptWSiE-01130-00519746-00520235": "camera tricks such as green screens harnesses and even wildly permed hair to", "cijVeptWSiE-01131-00520235-00520754": "achieve a zero-gravity type effect footage of astronauts seemingly floating", "cijVeptWSiE-01132-00520754-00521225": "in the zero-gravity of their space station is indistinguishable from vomit", "cijVeptWSiE-01133-00521225-00521837": "comet zero-g airplane footage by flying parabolic maneuvers this zero-g floating", "cijVeptWSiE-01134-00521837-00522343": "effect can be achieved over and over again then edited together for longer", "cijVeptWSiE-01135-00522343-00522908": "uncut shots nASA has been caught using simple wires and green screens in 2001", "cijVeptWSiE-01136-00522908-00523372": "Charles Kate Johnson died and having lost all his flat earth material and", "cijVeptWSiE-01137-00523372-00523880": "correspondence in his house fire the I FERS was officially finished Leo", "cijVeptWSiE-01138-00523880-00524336": "Ferraris farcical Flat Earth Society on the other hand continued operation as", "cijVeptWSiE-01139-00524336-00524885": "usual making a mockery of the Flat Earth subject in 2004 the reins of Fes", "cijVeptWSiE-01140-00524885-00525353": "presidency were handed over to Daniel's Shenton of no relation to genuine flat", "cijVeptWSiE-01141-00525353-00525838": "earther Samuel Shenton who true to Ferrari's example maintains the Flat", "cijVeptWSiE-01142-00525838-00526301": "Earth Society website to this day where they purport such fantastical purposeful", "cijVeptWSiE-01143-00526301-00526744": "disinformation as the Flat Earth disk constantly rising upwards forever", "cijVeptWSiE-01144-00526744-00527225": "through the universe to account for gravity their sole purpose as Charles", "cijVeptWSiE-01145-00527225-00527696": "Johnson correctly stated is clearly to poison the well and muddy the waters of", "cijVeptWSiE-01146-00527696-00528344": "truth in 2008 teacher and author Eric Dubay that's me began a website and", "cijVeptWSiE-01147-00528344-00528767": "published a book titled the Atlantean conspiracy which exposed among many", "cijVeptWSiE-01148-00528767-00529115": "other things Freemasonry the fake moon landings geo", "cijVeptWSiE-01149-00529115-00529585": "centricity and even featured a quote from I FERS President Charles K Johnson", "cijVeptWSiE-01150-00529585-00530048": "at the time I had already read Samuel Rowbotham and William carpenter's old", "cijVeptWSiE-01151-00530048-00530440": "nineteenth-century Flat Earth books and though personally still on the fence", "cijVeptWSiE-01152-00530440-00530804": "regarding the shape of the earth I was confident they were correct about the", "cijVeptWSiE-01153-00530804-00531421": "location or geocentric city of Earth so I wrote about it in 2009 after watching", "cijVeptWSiE-01154-00531421-00531709": "Alec Jones interview and praised several NASA", "cijVeptWSiE-01155-00531709-00532132": "astronauts on his show I wrote an article and sent a message to him in his", "cijVeptWSiE-01156-00532132-00532537": "producers about the moon landing hoax and included a link to Samuel Rowbotham", "cijVeptWSiE-01157-00532537-00533014": "Flat Earth book for them to read Alex even mentioned this on air the next day", "cijVeptWSiE-01158-00533014-00533542": "and called me a flat earther who thinks he's covering up some Atlantean", "cijVeptWSiE-01159-00533542-00534097": "conspiracy the title of my book and website well I mean I mean I mean the", "cijVeptWSiE-01160-00534097-00534349": "earth being flat that's that's clearly ridiculous", "cijVeptWSiE-01161-00534349-00534679": "they'll have actually been contacted by some flat earthers saying I'm covering", "cijVeptWSiE-01162-00534679-00535144": "up the fact that it's it's some Atlantean conspiracy for the next", "cijVeptWSiE-01163-00535144-00535561": "several years I continued writing books and articles about various conspiracies", "cijVeptWSiE-01164-00535561-00535975": "and worked on building a huge social media presence by making multiple", "cijVeptWSiE-01165-00535975-00536374": "accounts adding as many friends and followers as possible joining and", "cijVeptWSiE-01166-00536374-00536785": "posting to as many groups and pages as possible over the course of a few years", "cijVeptWSiE-01167-00536785-00537238": "I began building up very large followings on Facebook Google+ LinkedIn", "cijVeptWSiE-01168-00537238-00537610": "Twitter StumbleUpon Pinterest Hsu and many other sites", "cijVeptWSiE-01169-00537610-00538078": "to give you an example of their efficacy you can see here my main Google+ account", "cijVeptWSiE-01170-00538078-00538585": "with over 135 million views and my secondary one with over 87 million", "cijVeptWSiE-01171-00538585-00539173": "in mid-2011 a professional artist comedian and Hollywood actor named math", "cijVeptWSiE-01172-00539173-00539662": "power land claiming to also be an ex NASA whistleblower created the NASA", "cijVeptWSiE-01173-00539662-00540163": "channel on YouTube he made a few decent videos exposing NASA image fakery", "cijVeptWSiE-01174-00540163-00540523": "but his channel certainly did not contain many Flat Earth proofs or", "cijVeptWSiE-01175-00540523-00540931": "evidence and there are more videos of him ranting about axe deodorant hookers", "cijVeptWSiE-01176-00540931-00541417": "on tinder his championship sexual prowess and other irrelevant topics then", "cijVeptWSiE-01177-00541417-00541885": "there are actually exposing the Flat Earth for example see his recent video", "cijVeptWSiE-01178-00541885-00542323": "entitled the history of the Flat Earth the same name and comparable length as", "cijVeptWSiE-01179-00542323-00542731": "the video you are watching now but contains almost no content relating to", "cijVeptWSiE-01180-00542731-00543082": "history or the Flat Earth just him venting his various political", "cijVeptWSiE-01181-00543082-00543592": "frustrations in short anyone visiting his channel would not become a flat", "cijVeptWSiE-01182-00543592-00543985": "earther and would more likely be turned off from the subject due to his manic", "cijVeptWSiE-01183-00543985-00544582": "ranting style and lack of factual content in November of 2014 after years", "cijVeptWSiE-01184-00544582-00544875": "of researching and writing I released my book the Flat Earth", "cijVeptWSiE-01185-00544875-00545387": "conspiracy the first pro Flat Earth book written in nearly 50 years I", "cijVeptWSiE-01186-00545387-00545853": "simultaneously released a Flat Earth conspiracy documentary on YouTube began", "cijVeptWSiE-01187-00545853-00546246": "giving radio interviews and published several influential articles on the", "cijVeptWSiE-01188-00546246-00546777": "subject within a very short space of time the Flat Earth keyword saw 600", "cijVeptWSiE-01189-00546777-00547152": "percent rise in activity and Google search results jumped from a few", "cijVeptWSiE-01190-00547152-00547659": "thousand to over 21 million soon after this just as Johnson had experienced", "cijVeptWSiE-01191-00547659-00548073": "with Ferrari I noticed a wave of disingenuous so-called flat-earthers", "cijVeptWSiE-01192-00548073-00548574": "flooding into the movement with the obvious intent to muddy the waters for", "cijVeptWSiE-01193-00548574-00549048": "example when I began writing my book the Flat Earth conspiracy I came across Paul", "cijVeptWSiE-01194-00549048-00549498": "Michael bails on Facebook a recent Flat Earth convert who had been collecting a", "cijVeptWSiE-01195-00549498-00549936": "library of old original Flat Earth books and letters hoping to find some good", "cijVeptWSiE-01196-00549936-00550377": "reference material I messaged him asking for recommended titles and he told me a", "cijVeptWSiE-01197-00550377-00550842": "few choice books to read the full extent of our interaction consisted of a short", "cijVeptWSiE-01198-00550842-00551265": "facebook conversation yet curiously after my book was published and the Flat", "cijVeptWSiE-01199-00551265-00551715": "Earth movement started growing Paul began stating publicly that he was the", "cijVeptWSiE-01200-00551715-00552135": "Morpheus to my neo and that he taught me everything I know about the Flat Earth", "cijVeptWSiE-01201-00552135-00552618": "he even made the ludicrous claim that my book was plagiarized from old Facebook", "cijVeptWSiE-01202-00552618-00553221": "posts of his Matt Boylan aka math power land also jumped in and had the gall to", "cijVeptWSiE-01203-00553221-00553698": "say that quote my entire book was plagiarized from his information which", "cijVeptWSiE-01204-00553698-00554184": "is equally laughable considering he and his information are only mentioned in", "cijVeptWSiE-01205-00554184-00554784": "two paragraphs of my 252 page book needless to say both of their claims are", "cijVeptWSiE-01206-00554784-00555174": "baseless and going to show how desperate they are to receive credit where it is", "cijVeptWSiE-01207-00555174-00555684": "not due you can also see from this Google Analytics chart that the Flat", "cijVeptWSiE-01208-00555684-00556119": "Earth keyword had not made any significant change in 2011 since the", "cijVeptWSiE-01209-00556119-00556686": "launch of Matt's YouTube channel nor in late 2012 early 2013 when Paul claims to", "cijVeptWSiE-01210-00556686-00557115": "have gotten his start the moment when the Flat Earth tides is shifted and the", "cijVeptWSiE-01211-00557115-00557559": "exponential growth of the movement began was clearly around and after November", "cijVeptWSiE-01212-00557559-00558086": "2014 the exact month when I exploded all of my Flat Earth research on to the", "cijVeptWSiE-01213-00558086-00558681": "in November 2014 I published the first Pro flat earth book written in 50 years", "cijVeptWSiE-01214-00558681-00559115": "the Flat Earth conspiracy I also published several popular articles on", "cijVeptWSiE-01215-00559115-00559521": "the subject uploaded the most popular Flat Earth conspiracy documentary on", "cijVeptWSiE-01216-00559521-00559959": "YouTube began giving radio interviews and soon restarted Charles Johnson", "cijVeptWSiE-01217-00559959-00560388": "ciphers the International Flat Earth Research Society and published my most", "cijVeptWSiE-01218-00560388-00560706": "successful book ever two hundred proofs earth is not a", "cijVeptWSiE-01219-00560706-00561087": "spinning ball which has now been translated into twelve foreign languages", "cijVeptWSiE-01220-00561087-00561638": "in read by millions worldwide these simultaneous actions my intentional", "cijVeptWSiE-01221-00561638-00561978": "exploding of credible Flat Earth information onto the internet all at", "cijVeptWSiE-01222-00561978-00562421": "once which I had been preparing for the entire year before are undoubtedly the", "cijVeptWSiE-01223-00562421-00562890": "catalyst behind the exponential growth curve seen beginning here later on", "cijVeptWSiE-01224-00562890-00563363": "around March 2015 recent Flat Earth convert mark Sargent", "cijVeptWSiE-01225-00563363-00563700": "came out of nowhere began uploading new Flat Earth videos", "cijVeptWSiE-01226-00563700-00564123": "every day uploading new interviews several times per week got offered his", "cijVeptWSiE-01227-00564123-00564561": "own radio show started being heralded by many as the king of Flat Earth and", "cijVeptWSiE-01228-00564561-00565029": "credited with starting the modern Flat Earth revival at first I was glad to", "cijVeptWSiE-01229-00565029-00565407": "have him on board until the cracks began to show and the clear disinformation", "cijVeptWSiE-01230-00565407-00565982": "campaign began mark claimed the moon and stars work holographic projections", "cijVeptWSiE-01231-00565982-00566571": "maintained by alleged dome builders who keep us inside a Truman Show enclosed", "cijVeptWSiE-01232-00566571-00567060": "structure among much other nonsense even lied about me in several interviews", "cijVeptWSiE-01233-00567060-00567465": "including one where he claimed that I promoted the idea of a constantly rising", "cijVeptWSiE-01234-00567465-00567942": "Flat Earth to account for gravity when in fact I constantly exposed this false", "cijVeptWSiE-01235-00567942-00568557": "concept as being disinformation mark was and continues to be the Leo Ferrari to", "cijVeptWSiE-01236-00568557-00569048": "my charles johnson in fact mark has even bragged several times about being a", "cijVeptWSiE-01237-00569048-00569563": "card-carrying member of Ferraris farcical organization by New Year's Eve", "cijVeptWSiE-01238-00569563-00570071": "2016 our new I firs had gained over three thousand members and was receiving", "cijVeptWSiE-01239-00570071-00570467": "50,000 hits monthly when it was suddenly and without warning or explanation", "cijVeptWSiE-01240-00570467-00570930": "deleted from the internet as the administrators and myself quickly worked", "cijVeptWSiE-01241-00570930-00571399": "on salvaging our material and creating a new site the obvious parallels to", "cijVeptWSiE-01242-00571399-00571765": "Johnson losing everything in his NASA agent initiated house fire were", "cijVeptWSiE-01243-00571765-00572242": "noteworthy around the same time two disingenuous Flat Earth channels issued", "cijVeptWSiE-01244-00572242-00572662": "two fraudulent copyright strikes against me which I managed to overturn by filing", "cijVeptWSiE-01245-00572662-00573124": "legal counterclaims against them YouTube itself began a program of regularly", "cijVeptWSiE-01246-00573124-00573550": "unsubscribing old subscribers of mine and lowering view counts of popular", "cijVeptWSiE-01247-00573550-00574000": "videos shortly after that Facebook also decided to jump on the Eric Dubay", "cijVeptWSiE-01248-00574000-00574474": "censorship bandwagon by deleting my account all my pages in giving my", "cijVeptWSiE-01249-00574474-00574951": "Atlantean conspiracy group directly over to a team of Freemason shills who still", "cijVeptWSiE-01250-00574951-00575356": "administrate it to this day filling the group with nothing but death threats to", "cijVeptWSiE-01251-00575356-00575884": "me pictures of masonic goats and ridiculous belittling memes after", "cijVeptWSiE-01252-00575884-00576277": "re-registering four new accounts and accumulating my friends lists again", "cijVeptWSiE-01253-00576277-00576748": "Facebook has now deleted two more profiles and I am currently on my fourth", "cijVeptWSiE-01254-00576748-00577186": "still trying my best to spread the word in 2016", "cijVeptWSiE-01255-00577186-00577558": "the movement continued to grow with many more genuine flat-earthers", "cijVeptWSiE-01256-00577558-00577939": "taking up the reins and exposing the truth online as well as many more", "cijVeptWSiE-01257-00577939-00578467": "disingenuous shills continuing to poison the well with misinformation the new I", "cijVeptWSiE-01258-00578467-00578944": "firs began thriving with more monthly visitors than ever before many new Flat", "cijVeptWSiE-01259-00578944-00579412": "Earth YouTube channels began creating and mirroring excellent content now at", "cijVeptWSiE-01260-00579412-00579922": "the turn of 2017 I am truly pleased with the rapid growth of this wonderful Flat", "cijVeptWSiE-01261-00579922-00580357": "Earth movement and I encourage everyone to please help speak out share this", "cijVeptWSiE-01262-00580357-00580840": "video and spread the good word as we look forward to a future where humanity", "cijVeptWSiE-01263-00580840-00581322": "is finally free from this grandest of all deceptions"}}, {"audio_id": "ciy_dEPLGog", "text": {"ciy_dEPLGog-00000-00000000-00003000": "Soft Music for Power Nap"}}, {"audio_id": "ciSsUt4XWcY", "text": {"ciSsUt4XWcY-00000-00000088-00000336": "Teri Manolio: Great, thanks, and thank you all for coming.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00001-00000336-00000782": "It's really gratifying to see so many old friends and new friends here, and I think", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00002-00000782-00001153": "we have a real opportunity to move this area forward, so this is great.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00003-00001153-00001541": "What I wanted to do was just give you a little bit of a context for some of the things that", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00004-00001541-00002035": "NHGRI is doing, and kind of, you know, beat our chests a little bit, but also, perhaps,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00005-00002035-00002451": "let you know as you hear topics come up, you know, during the day people refer to eMERGE", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00006-00002451-00002855": "or to other things, and so to just to kind of let you know what those are.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00007-00002855-00003479": "You may be familiar with the strategic plan that NHGRI put together, Eric Green and Mark", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00008-00003479-00003922": "Guyer, about two and a half years ago now, that was published in Nature.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00009-00003922-00004420": "And really taking NHGRI, our institute, in a direction we hadn't gone before, which was", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00010-00004420-00004650": "to the patient and to the bedside.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00011-00004650-00005192": "And particularly, trying to address things that could be done with medicine -- I'm sorry,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00012-00005192-00005582": "with genomics in clinical care in addition to all the other sort of bedrock things that", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00013-00005582-00006050": "NHGRI does and will continue to do, such as determining the structure of the genome, and", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00014-00006050-00006273": "how it functions and how it works.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00015-00006273-00006734": "So we were asked -- I was sort of a subgroup of this -- to kind of figure out, well, what", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00016-00006734-00007188": "are the things one could do with genomic medicine at a time when the term really wasn't even", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00017-00007188-00007390": "well defined.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00018-00007390-00007563": "And we came up with sort of five things.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00019-00007563-00007971": "And one of them was, you know, if you could use it to identify risks, that would be great.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00020-00007971-00008197": "We'd like to prevent disease; what physician wouldn't?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00021-00008197-00008415": "So that would also be very nice.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00022-00008415-00008754": "Perhaps improve diagnostics, improve treatments, and increase access.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00023-00008754-00009236": "So those were sort of the five things that we had focused on in kind of outlining what", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00024-00009236-00009538": "an agenda might be for this area.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00025-00009538-00010085": "And we recognized, I think at our third genomic meeting, when I sort of threw out a definition", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00026-00010085-00010628": "and got queried on it by several people around the table, that we really didn't have a formal", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00027-00010628-00010809": "definition and we needed one.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00028-00010809-00011195": "So we came up with one, kind of in consultation with our Genomic Medicine Working Group, and", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00029-00011195-00011468": "I'll name them for you in a moment.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00030-00011468-00011833": "And then sort of shared it with our council, and this is what we came up with, that it", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00031-00011833-00012238": "was \"an emerging medical discipline that involves using genomic information about an individual", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00032-00012238-00012722": "as part of their clinical care,\" for diagnostic or therapeutic decision making, for example,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00033-00012722-00013276": "and the other implications of that clinical use in sort of policy and other aspects.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00034-00013276-00013762": "This was a purposely narrow decision -- sorry, definition, and many of the members of our", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00035-00013762-00014168": "working group said, \"You know, I lead a department of genomic medicine, and we do a whole lot", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00036-00014168-00014422": "more than just using the results in clinical care.\"", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00037-00014422-00014912": "But we wanted to keep it narrow because we're a small institute, and also we wanted to focus", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00038-00014912-00015157": "on this new area we're moving into.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00039-00015157-00015313": "We also had some codicils.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00040-00015313-00015776": "When you see a short definition and a long list of other things that kind of gives you", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00041-00015776-00016141": "an indication of how much controversy there was in putting together the definition.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00042-00016141-00016729": "But at any rate, there are several aspects of it that I won't go into here.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00043-00016729-00017251": "We do have, as Geoff and Rex both mentioned, a genomic medicine -- a genomic medicine working", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00044-00017251-00017841": "group which plans these meetings, as well as provides guidance to NHGRI in other areas.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00045-00017841-00018412": "They are a subgroup of our advisory council, and they help us to sort of outline infrastructure", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00046-00018412-00019004": "needs, identify related efforts, and review progress overall in implementation.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00047-00019004-00019578": "This is the group here, and they are largely sort of focused in that corner of the room.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00048-00019578-00019991": "You guys might raise your hands there, so, okay, so there they are.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00049-00019991-00020303": "If you have anything about the meeting that you'd like to share with them, especially", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00050-00020303-00020463": "if it's good, please share it with them.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00051-00020463-00020563": "[laughter]", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00052-00020563-00021152": "If it's not good, Rex and I'll be happy to take over that -- those aspects.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00053-00021152-00021712": "Yes, and I might also mention Eric and myself, Brad Ozenberger, and Laura Rodriguez are all", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00054-00021712-00022201": "from NHGRI and working with the group.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00055-00022201-00022709": "I wanted to list a couple of sort of the early things that came up that we were a bit surprised", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00056-00022709-00023026": "to learn, a little less than two years ago, that were ongoing.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00057-00023026-00023480": "I think everybody knew that tumor-based genotype-driven treatment in cancer was going on, but there", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00058-00023480-00024046": "were a few groups that were doing risk and susceptibility testing in relatives of cancer", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00059-00024046-00024412": "patients who bore mutations, and this was going out and actually finding the relatives,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00060-00024412-00024995": "not just determining that an individual patient had that -- those risk variants.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00061-00024995-00025288": "Family history collection was ongoing in several sites.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00062-00025288-00025732": "Whole exome or genome sequencing for unknown disease diagnosis was just beginning, but", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00063-00025732-00025998": "has taken off recently.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00064-00025998-00026350": "And complex disease risk advice was also happening in those sites.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00065-00026350-00026941": "And Rex referred to the summary paper that we published from that meeting, really focused", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00066-00026941-00027257": "on, you know, what would it take to implement this?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00067-00027257-00027902": "And maybe teaching other sites who were interested in it what they might need to do in pursuing", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00068-00027902-00028002": "that.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00069-00028002-00028341": "So we described some ongoing projects; identified some common infrastructure in research needs,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00070-00028341-00028727": "which we are now trying to move forward, and this meeting is part of that effort.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00071-00028727-00029081": "And then we outlined an implementation framework for investigating and introducing similar", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00072-00029081-00029181": "programs elsewhere.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00073-00029181-00029749": "So there's a long framework for engaging institutional leadership, choosing the right questions,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00074-00029749-00030229": "choosing an appropriate audience, engaging stakeholders, et cetera.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00075-00030229-00030720": "I wanted to just sort of show for you the programs that we've begun, and then maybe", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00076-00030720-00031216": "kind of draw them together in terms of how this addresses a variety of aspects about", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00077-00031216-00031656": "implementing genomic medicine and advancing that strategy.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00078-00031656-00032189": "Shown here are major programs; the goals of these programs, which I won't read each for", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00079-00032189-00032707": "you; the approximate total amount of money devoted to them in the fiscal years that they", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00080-00032707-00032968": "are ongoing.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00081-00032968-00033448": "So these are the major programs I wanted to talk a little bit about: eMERGE, since there", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00082-00033448-00033974": "are several eMERGE PIs in the room here, and also because it is sort of our flagship effort", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00083-00033974-00034216": "in this area.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00084-00034216-00034915": "When we started eMERGE actually in 2007, the question there was, could we use bi-repositories,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00085-00034915-00035371": "which generally were a hospital saving its storage samples, basically, that had been", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00086-00035371-00036143": "used for pathology tests in various laboratories, to store away as genomic resources and get", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00087-00036143-00036291": "consent for using them in research?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00088-00036291-00036743": "And so the question was: Can you do that in an effective way, are there some common methodologies", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00089-00036743-00037149": "that one could use, and particularly, could you use electronic medical records to do the", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00090-00037149-00037288": "phenotyping?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00091-00037288-00037661": "And the answer to that question, which was really quite an unknown at the time, was a", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00092-00037661-00038273": "resounding yes, and that was really quite gratifying and relief inducing for many of", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00093-00038273-00038373": "us.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00094-00038373-00038901": "But then in the second phase, which began in 2011, we really wanted to begin to do some", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00095-00038901-00039312": "implementation, so each of the sites was asked to identify a pilot.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00096-00039312-00039784": "And those programs are shown here, this one at Cincinnati Children's Hospital.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00097-00039784-00040144": "I will describe a pharmacogenomic project that we're doing across the sites, but this", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00098-00040144-00040983": "one is using a special array for the cytochrome P452D6 gene, which is a very, very difficult", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00099-00040983-00041233": "gene to genotype and to interpret.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00100-00041233-00041622": "And they have a different platform that they're using for it; they're using it in interpreting", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00101-00041622-00041904": "post-operative -- or the use of post-operative opioids in children.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00102-00041904-00042649": "The Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania is looking at beta-adrenergic agonists and beta-adrenergic", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00103-00042649-00043008": "receptor variants in asthma in particular, and how one can choose the best drugs for", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00104-00043008-00043108": "that.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00105-00043108-00043686": "At Geisinger, there's an IL28B project looking at chronic Hepatitis-C treatment.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00106-00043686-00043997": "They're also doing genome sequencing for undiagnosed diseases.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00107-00043997-00044430": "Marshfield is looking at Compliment Factor H and the risk of age-related macular degeneration,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00108-00044430-00044688": "because they're heavily focused on eye diseases.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00109-00044688-00045218": "Mayo has randomized trial of a genomic risk score for coronary disease versus a Framingham", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00110-00045218-00045318": "score alone.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00111-00045318-00045844": "Mount Sinai is doing a randomized trial of APOL1 genome type, a major risk factor for", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00112-00045844-00046361": "renal disease in African-American hypertensives, as clinical risk factors for hypertensive", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00113-00046361-00046926": "nephropathy, and whether that information affects then the effectiveness of prevention", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00114-00046926-00047338": "and management of hypertension in those patients -- sorry, prevention of nephropathy in management", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00115-00047338-00047580": "of hypertension in those patients.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00116-00047580-00048300": "Northwestern is looking at return of the HFE mutant mutations in hemochromatosis, and Factor", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00117-00048300-00048595": "V Leiden risk variance on physician and patient attitudes.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00118-00048595-00049099": "And Vanderbilt is expanding the pharmacogenomics testing that we are doing overall, and that", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00119-00049099-00049544": "they have been in the lead in prior to our efforts.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00120-00049544-00049877": "We also have an enhanced partnership with the Pharmacogenomics Research Network that", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00121-00049877-00050569": "is a multi-institute effort of NIH, but is led by the National Institute of General Medical", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00122-00050569-00050740": "Sciences.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00123-00050740-00051474": "And this, in particular, had developed a -- let's see, so the Heart Institute and the NHGRI", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00124-00051474-00052065": "-- and they have developed a Clinical Pharmacology Implementation Consortium, which is primarily", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00125-00052065-00052551": "focused on developing guidelines for pairing up genes and drugs, or gene variants and drugs,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00126-00052551-00052894": "that may affect prescribing or drug selection.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00127-00052894-00053127": "And these are published in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00128-00053127-00053479": "There have been a whole host of them, and they're really, very, very effective and a", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00129-00053479-00054001": "huge amount of work on these investigators' part, very poorly reimbursed, they would tell", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00130-00054001-00054442": "us, and I would agree with them, but really, I think, a labor of love in trying to get", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00131-00054442-00054542": "these guidelines out.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00132-00054542-00054961": "And they have at least as many more in development, as far as I know.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00133-00054961-00055402": "So this was a collaborative project, or is a collaborative project, using PGRN's very", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00134-00055402-00055879": "important pharmacogenomics VIP gene sequencing array, which they developed to identify rare", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00135-00055879-00056410": "sequence variants in 84 pharmacogenomic genes that they, as a group, identified as being", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00136-00056410-00056539": "of a high priority.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00137-00056539-00057341": "2D6 is on this list, but it has continued to elude totally effective assessment, although", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00138-00057341-00057554": "that assessment is improving with experience.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00139-00057554-00058208": "And our plan, then, was to basically take this array and implement it in about 9,000", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00140-00058208-00058836": "patients in the various eMERGE centers, and use it for their -- basically, their clinical", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00141-00058836-00058936": "care.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00142-00058936-00059429": "We -- sorry -- we like this model because it could be a exported to other CLIA-certified", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00143-00059429-00059529": "labs.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00144-00059529-00059827": "Obviously, this testing has to be done in a CLIA environment in order to be used in", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00145-00059827-00059927": "clinical care.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00146-00059927-00060377": "It permits genotyping of common and rare variants, and discovery of new ones, and it uses the", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00147-00060377-00060888": "CPIC guidelines and institutional approvals for influencing clinical care.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00148-00060888-00061316": "So that program as it's being implemented is shown here for the various drugs that are", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00149-00061316-00061416": "being used.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00150-00061416-00061800": "You'll notice that there are a number of drugs across the top, but it's certainly not 84", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00151-00061800-00061916": "of them.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00152-00061916-00062352": "And the reason for that was that many of those, it's not quite clear how to implement them,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00153-00062352-00062760": "whereas some of these others, particularly those that are used very commonly, or are", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00154-00062760-00063410": "in common across the eMERGE sites, clopidogrel, simvastatin, and warfarin do have guidelines", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00155-00063410-00063729": "as well as, I think, some experience in their use.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00156-00063729-00064117": "So those are being used at the majority of the adult sites.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00157-00064117-00064461": "The pediatric sites, of course, don't use a lot of these particular drugs, and so the", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00158-00064461-00065075": "CHOP group is using a variety of others, and CCHMC is focusing on codeine.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00159-00065075-00065476": "One thing that we would like to see, because this is a consortium, is that actually with", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00160-00065476-00065934": "experience and with time they might all come to use all of these drugs.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00161-00065934-00066345": "That's kind of a pipe dream on our part, but it doesn't seem totally impossible.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00162-00066345-00066983": "And, in fact, a lot of that kind of transference is occurring now as they gain experience with", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00163-00066983-00067188": "these.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00164-00067188-00067727": "I did also want to mention that the Clinically Relevant Variants Resource, or CRVR program,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00165-00067727-00068105": "which was to develop and disseminate consensus information on variants that are appropriate", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00166-00068105-00068449": "for use in clinical care, that is just beginning.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00167-00068449-00068918": "It builds off of a number of calls for such a database and consensus process.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00168-00068918-00069471": "One that I'm familiar with, in 2006, was from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00169-00069471-00069806": "which basically concluded that when genetic results are under consideration there should", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00170-00069806-00070079": "be standard criteria or guidelines developed and followed.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00171-00070079-00070279": "And they proposed several.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00172-00070279-00070604": "And then a list of genetic tests that meet these criteria should be reviewed to identify", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00173-00070604-00070898": "the tests that are appropriate to consider.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00174-00070898-00071575": "This was revisited and reconfirmed in 2010, where one of the prime recommendations was", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00175-00071575-00071975": "an independent, national central advisory committee to review evidence for genetic risk", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00176-00071975-00072598": "factors, and provide that to institutions and IRBs considering reporting this.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00177-00072598-00072994": "So this is what the Clinically Relevant Variants Resource is designed to do.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00178-00072994-00073461": "This was an RFA that was issued last year and is about to be awarded, so I can't say", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00179-00073461-00073907": "much more about it, but hopefully, at our next meeting, you'll hear from them directly.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00180-00073907-00074251": "But the purpose is to identify and disseminate consensus information on genetic variants", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00181-00074251-00074723": "relevant to clinical care; identify the variants with likely implications for care, and incorporate", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00182-00074723-00075085": "them and their evidence into a resource for practice guidelines.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00183-00075085-00075492": "We recognize we're not in the position to set practice guidelines, but we are in a position", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00184-00075492-00076098": "to generate the information and some consensus recommendations that others can use to generate", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00185-00076098-00076198": "those.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00186-00076198-00076520": "Establish a process for transferring this information to the appropriate clinical organizations", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00187-00076520-00076885": "and build upon existing programs to reduce duplicative efforts.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00188-00076885-00077343": "One of the things that really surprised me, I think, and others as well, at our June 2011", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00189-00077343-00077751": "meeting, was that just about every institution that was trying to do genomic medicine was", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00190-00077751-00077854": "trying to do this.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00191-00077854-00078230": "And they were all reviewing the same evidence, you know, having basically the same processes,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00192-00078230-00078398": "and often coming up with the same answers.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00193-00078398-00078500": "And we thought, well, that's silly.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00194-00078500-00078937": "Why, you know, we could cover so many more if we sort of, you know, shared efforts and", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00195-00078937-00079404": "split up the work a bit, and so that's what CRVR is designed to do.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00196-00079404-00079819": "And this is just a comment on what we mean by actionable, but I won't go into to that", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00197-00079819-00079919": "in detail.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00198-00079919-00080330": "I think at this point I'll kind of skip over the details of some of our other programs", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00199-00080330-00080734": "in the interest of time, and just sort of ask, are we ready?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00200-00080734-00081201": "I'm a big Gary Larson fan, and this is a mammoth here, and these are mammoth pointers.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00201-00081201-00081442": "\"Easy, Zak, it looks like your dog is on to something.\"", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00202-00081442-00082069": "And I think there really is a mammoth in the grass here waiting for us, and as we've heard,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00203-00082069-00082446": "there are certainly commercial providers that are encouraging this, the public is asking", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00204-00082446-00083010": "for it, and certainly the science is now pushing us in this direction, so what will it take?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00205-00083010-00083575": "We've heard, I think, a number of topics that could be included in a strategy, either if", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00206-00083575-00084077": "we come up with one, or those that have been developed by CAP, and the U.K., and other", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00207-00084077-00084177": "groups.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00208-00084177-00084691": "And we're trying to address those, including, you know, obviously discovering the associations", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00209-00084691-00085119": "being done in eMERGE and our CSAR program, and also a program I didn't have time to talk", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00210-00085119-00085521": "about in newborn sequencing, transportable phenotypes very, very important in electronic", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00211-00085521-00085644": "health record integration.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00212-00085644-00086085": "Also quite important, generation of evidence, clinical implications of the variants: what", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00213-00086085-00086312": "evidence is there related to that?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00214-00086312-00086794": "Addressing consent and community concerns, disseminating methods, reporting variants", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00215-00086794-00087356": "and using them in clinical care, educating clinicians and patients, as was raised, you", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00216-00087356-00087557": "know, you do want them to order one of these tests.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00217-00087557-00087686": "You don't want them to order the wrong one.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00218-00087686-00088081": "That would be the last thing that you'd like to see happen.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00219-00088081-00088327": "Appropriate decision support and policy development.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00220-00088327-00088662": "So I think I'll stop there and be happy to answer any questions.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00221-00088662-00088922": "Rex Chisholm: Thanks, Teri.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00222-00088922-00089216": "Marc Williams: So one of things that's not on the list there", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00223-00089216-00089316": "--", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00224-00089316-00089463": "Teri Manolio: Turn your microphone on.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00225-00089463-00089626": "Marc Williams: I'm sorry?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00226-00089626-00089726": "Teri Manolio: Oh, yeah, it is on.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00227-00089726-00089826": "Sorry.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00228-00089826-00089926": "Marc Williams: Yeah.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00229-00089926-00090217": "I have a natural microphone, but, yes, I am using this one as well.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00230-00090217-00090774": "One of things that's not on the list there relates to economic activities.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00231-00090774-00091298": "And I know that there was a RFA issued from the Common Fund related to the economics of", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00232-00091298-00091522": "personalized medicine.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00233-00091522-00092147": "And I was wondering if NHGRI had been involved at all in terms of the project conception", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00234-00092147-00092247": "and review?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00235-00092247-00092632": "Teri Manolio: Yeah, unfortunately, no, that -- we are involved", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00236-00092632-00092991": "in many common fund programs, so those that are not familiar with the NIH common fund,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00237-00092991-00093547": "it's an effort from the Office of the Director to basically do things across institutes that", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00238-00093547-00093968": "no single institute could do by itself, and that would benefit multiple, multiple institutes.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00239-00093968-00094224": "So we have a variety of those programs.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00240-00094224-00094441": "We're not involved in this one.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00241-00094441-00094772": "And this one, we're kind of keeping an eye on, but we're happy that others are taking", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00242-00094772-00094968": "the fore in that.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00243-00094968-00095620": "Eric Green: It's related to personalized medicine or just", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00244-00095620-00095720": "healthcare in general?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00245-00095720-00096006": "Marc Williams: No, it was definitely for personalized medicine.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00246-00096006-00096226": "Eric Green: Okay, I'm looking at it.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00247-00096226-00096463": "It just talks about health economics more broadly.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00248-00096463-00096955": "I guess I'm not familiar with having a crisp focus on personalized medicine.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00249-00096955-00097266": "Marc Williams: Well, and I don't know that personalized medicine", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00250-00097266-00097873": "was necessarily implied as being genomic, but it was -- the term personalized medicine", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00251-00097873-00098336": "was used in the RFA.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00252-00098336-00098761": "Eric Green: Okay.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00253-00098761-00098861": "Teri Manolio: Oh, Geoff.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00254-00098861-00099093": "Geoffrey Ginsburg: Teri, it's clear from some snippets of conversations", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00255-00099093-00099533": "we've had today, as well as what we're going to hear this afternoon, that the military", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00256-00099533-00100110": "has a strong appetite, and expertise, and a lot of resources related to a number of", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00257-00100110-00100323": "the genomic medicine activities that you're highlighting.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00258-00100323-00101069": "And I'm just wondering how to engage that important group in a number of things, which", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00259-00101069-00101518": "I assume they cannot be active grantees on, and so how does that work?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00260-00101518-00101800": "Teri Manolio: Well, there are a variety of ways.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00261-00101800-00102251": "I think I could say we probably haven't been as effective as we could be in doing that,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00262-00102251-00102677": "and I'm really thrilled to see as many military members here as we have.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00263-00102677-00103289": "A couple of years ago, we had a delegation that came over from the Air Force that included", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00264-00103289-00103761": "doctor sessions and the surgeon general at the time of the Air Force, and a number of", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00265-00103761-00104145": "their colleagues, who were approaching us basically to ask, you know, \"We'd like to", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00266-00104145-00104442": "get into genomics in our medical care.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00267-00104442-00104770": "We think it's a way that we can really improve the healthcare approach.\"", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00268-00104770-00104960": "And we were delighted to hear that.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00269-00104960-00105445": "And so we gave them the resources and information that were available to us, but we also told", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00270-00105445-00105663": "them about the eMERGE project.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00271-00105663-00105942": "And we tell a lot of people about the eMERGE project, and we figured, \"Well, you know,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00272-00105942-00106096": "we're not going to hear anymore.\"", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00273-00106096-00106704": "But, to our delight, Dr. Sessions and her colleagues have come to eMERGE meetings, have", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00274-00106704-00107253": "participated very actively, and actually stimulated us to develop a policy for affiliate membership", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00275-00107253-00107579": "in eMERGE, and they became our first affiliate member about a month ago.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00276-00107579-00107799": "We are thrilled to have them.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00277-00107799-00108330": "And they need to be up on the list of eMERGE sites, and I'll revise my slides to include", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00278-00108330-00108430": "them.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00279-00108430-00108808": "So, that's certainly one way to get involved, you know, directly in some of our research", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00280-00108808-00108908": "programs.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00281-00108908-00109350": "I think including you in some of our advisory groups, and workshops, and things is another", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00282-00109350-00109635": "way to be actively involved.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00283-00109635-00110146": "And we would welcome suggestions from you as to ways that we can further your efforts", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00284-00110146-00110317": "and we can work together.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00285-00110317-00110417": "Muin.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00286-00110417-00110911": "Muin Khoury: So, Teri, this is an amazing array of NHGRI", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00287-00110911-00111588": "initiatives, and the question I have for you is, in looking over some of these initiatives", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00288-00111588-00112438": "and trying to partner on some of them, I'm wondering to what extent is NHGRI interested", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00289-00112438-00112849": "in evaluating clinical utility, not just clinical validity?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00290-00112849-00113444": "Because the clinical validity and the associations in eMERGE and the actionable variants are", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00291-00113444-00114216": "all driven by genotype/phenotype sort of analysis, but the -- some of the stumbling blocks in", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00292-00114216-00114820": "implementation by the payers and the health system as has been showing the added value", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00293-00114820-00115192": "of using the genome versus not using it.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00294-00115192-00115676": "So I'm wondering which one of these initiatives delves into the utility of the genome?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00295-00115676-00115953": "Teri Manolio: Yeah, no, that's an important question, and,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00296-00115953-00116164": "you know, unfortunately for us a very big question.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00297-00116164-00116318": "So we're a teeny tiny institute.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00298-00116318-00116659": "I think we're the fourth smallest of all of NIH.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00299-00116659-00117185": "But we like to think of ourselves as the mouse that roared, so when we develop technologies", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00300-00117185-00117666": "and approaches, we try to disseminate them and bring them into other institutes that", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00301-00117666-00118051": "have far bigger budgets and far bigger constituencies to be able to test them.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00302-00118051-00118504": "And much of what they do is disease specific, where what we do is not disease specific.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00303-00118504-00118969": "So part of what we do is to try to leverage and kind of bring those groups onboard, where", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00304-00118969-00119192": "a lot of the evidence generation, frankly, will be done.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00305-00119192-00119436": "A good example of this is the Warfarin studies.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00306-00119436-00119983": "So there's a clinic trial, the COAG trial, that was something that we brought to NHLBI,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00307-00119983-00120458": "and took several years to kind of get off the ground, but it's off the ground now, thank", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00308-00120458-00120558": "goodness.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00309-00120558-00120951": "We also are recognizing the need for evidence generation, and are beginning this really", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00310-00120951-00121375": "in sort of pilot programs because that's about all that we can afford.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00311-00121375-00121828": "So the eMERGE program, the clinical demonstration projects that I showed you, are small; some", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00312-00121828-00122021": "of them are 100 patients, 200 patients.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00313-00122021-00122584": "They are going to do this kind of research, and also what sorts of outcomes -- a lot of", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00314-00122584-00122857": "them are process outcomes rather than patient outcomes.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00315-00122857-00123297": "But at least to learn about the process, so that's a lot of what eMERGE is doing.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00316-00123297-00123726": "In addition, the Genomic Medicine Demonstration Projects are pilots, and they are focused", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00317-00123726-00124125": "primarily on showing evidence that this actually improves care.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00318-00124125-00124225": "So those are starts.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00319-00124225-00124371": "They are little starts.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00320-00124371-00124655": "The Newborn Sequencing Program, I think we'll be doing some of that as well.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00321-00124655-00125126": "But we really need the help and the participation of the larger institutes, as well as some", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00322-00125126-00125430": "of the organized medical systems around the table.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00323-00125430-00125989": "And I would look at the VA and the military medical systems that might want to work with", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00324-00125989-00126299": "us on perhaps developing some of these in their systems.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00325-00126299-00126858": "Dan Roden: So Muin has put his finger on the, I think,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00326-00126858-00127216": "what is the biggest challenge in Teri's answer is there.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00327-00127216-00128115": "So we are intimately involved in eMERGE, and we are doing a big implementation project", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00328-00128115-00128363": "at Vanderbilt and have been doing it for several years.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00329-00128363-00128709": "And one of the key pieces is outcomes.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00330-00128709-00129351": "The tension is between process outcomes and healthcare outcomes.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00331-00129351-00130242": "And there is a community within the pharmacogenetics space that feels that there's this -- I'll", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00332-00130242-00130690": "use the word, and I'm probably using wrong -- this sense of genetic exceptionalism.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00333-00130690-00131063": "Why is genetic information so different from anything else?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00334-00131063-00131764": "So if I prescribe Digoxin in a patient and I don't check their serum creatinin, I may", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00335-00131764-00132224": "give them toxicity, because they may have renal dysfunction.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00336-00132224-00132773": "And if I adjust the dose based on the serum creatinin, I'm doing that because I understand", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00337-00132773-00133262": "something about Digoxin kinetics, and I understand something about Digoxin pharmacology.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00338-00133262-00133644": "And I don't do it because there's a randomized clinical trial that says anything about how", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00339-00133644-00133835": "to adjust the dose.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00340-00133835-00134330": "And there is a sense that genetics are being held to some different standard than that.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00341-00134330-00134850": "I mean, we understand that there's lots of things that go into variability and response", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00342-00134850-00135647": "to Clopidogrel, but one of them is genetic variance.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00343-00135647-00135982": "The CPIC guidelines, it's important to say what they are.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00344-00135982-00136677": "The CPIC guidelines operate under the premise that you have the genetic information, now", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00345-00136677-00136854": "what do you do with it?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00346-00136854-00137447": "The premise that many healthcare systems operate under is: Do I want that genetic information", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00347-00137447-00137560": "at all?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00348-00137560-00137999": "So once you decide to get it -- and I think we're in an environment where some places", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00349-00137999-00138371": "have it and some places don't -- then the question is, how would you act on it?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00350-00138371-00139095": "And there are individuals who are real enthusiasts, who say, \"Well, you know, there is a little", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00351-00139095-00139697": "bit of data that you could use CYP2D6 genotype to select among antidepressants.\"", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00352-00139697-00140173": "And there's never going to be a clinical trial, because -- there are many reasons why there", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00353-00140173-00140499": "is never going to be a clinical trial, but given what we know about the pharmacology", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00354-00140499-00140941": "and the disposition of these drugs, this one is a better drug to choose than that one in", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00355-00140941-00141363": "this particular individual with a particular genotype, based on what we know.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00356-00141363-00142198": "So there is the sense of that you could implementation even in the absence of any hard data at all.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00357-00142198-00142736": "And then there's other people who say, \"Well, the list of gene-drug pairs that we've implemented", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00358-00142736-00143400": "in CPIC is pretty comprehensive right now, pretty complete, and anything beyond that", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00359-00143400-00143547": "would go beyond data.\"", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00360-00143547-00143900": "So there's a tension within the pharmacogenetics community for sure.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00361-00143900-00144622": "But I'd be interested in hearing from you, from you, you know, what's the right way forward", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00362-00144622-00145603": "in this, given these kinds of precedence that we have, you know, in clinical pharmacology,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00363-00145603-00146103": "without worrying about pharmacogenetics for a second, that we understand what there is", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00364-00146103-00146478": "around variability response to certain drugs, we understand the factors, and we implement", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00365-00146478-00146878": "them clinically every single day, and most of what we do clinically when we practice", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00366-00146878-00147313": "medicine is not based on random clinical trials anyway.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00367-00147313-00147778": "So how is it that we're going to -- are we going to use genetic information or not?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00368-00147778-00148243": "It's clear that this is a test that is here, whether you want to use it or not.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00369-00148243-00148534": "So I'd be interested in your response to that rant.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00370-00148534-00148919": "Muin Khoury: I mean, this is, I think, this is the crux", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00371-00148919-00149664": "of the issue here, and if we can develop the right partnerships around deploying the genome", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00372-00149664-00150203": "in a way that's consistent with evidence, as well as, consistent with personalized medicine", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00373-00150203-00150666": "-- I mean, we have to have our, you know, both our cake and eat it, too.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00374-00150666-00151018": "We can't treat the genome exceptionally.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00375-00151018-00151242": "We can't even give it a pass.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00376-00151242-00151662": "I mean, it shouldn't be a genetic exceptionalism or reverse genetic exceptionalism.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00377-00151662-00152612": "I mean, every biomarker or test we do usually falls under evidentiary thresholds, and, you", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00378-00152612-00153046": "know, for coverage and reimbursement, and so on and so forth.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00379-00153046-00153580": "So I think that the demonstration projects, I mean, once you have the genome, you can", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00380-00153580-00154052": "deploy it, you know, a bit at a time.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00381-00154052-00154482": "If you take a drug, you check out, you know, whether or not you have a slow metabolizer", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00382-00154482-00154641": "or a fast metabolizer.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00383-00154641-00155072": "But the question is, why should we have the genome in the first place?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00384-00155072-00155417": "I'll address this a little bit in the afternoon.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00385-00155417-00155956": "Jim Evans has made a bold proposal that we should all have our genome tested, not because", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00386-00155956-00156590": "of the pharmacogenomic, but to find the rare genetic diseases that are not being captured.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00387-00156590-00157002": "Then once we have that genome, you've made the case to have it in everybody's medical", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00388-00157002-00157434": "record, then you can deploy it a little bit at a time.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00389-00157434-00158021": "But it's a, I think, a longitudinal discussion that will probably span over multiple years,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00390-00158021-00158500": "because that's -- you know, we're not going to have the genome and pay for it, no matter", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00391-00158500-00159095": "how cheap it will become, because there are downstream effects and cascading.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00392-00159095-00159476": "You know, once you have the genome you are going to have the interpretation of the genome,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00393-00159476-00159905": "and then more tests, and so on and so forth.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00394-00159905-00160172": "So we have to confront this in one way or another.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00395-00160172-00160484": "Dan Roden: I will say one more thing, and that is that", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00396-00160484-00161099": "the one thing we want to make sure of is that along the way we don't make therapeutic decisions", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00397-00161099-00161396": "based on genomic information that could turn out to be bad for the patient.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00398-00161396-00161931": "That would be bad for the patient, bad for us, and bad for the field.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00399-00161931-00162408": "So, I don't think we've gotten there yet, so I can't think of a scenario under which", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00400-00162408-00162948": "we would use genetic information to guide therapy with platelet inhibitor drugs, for", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00401-00162948-00163187": "example, that would be harmful for the patient.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00402-00163187-00163546": "I could make something up, but I don't think that's going to happen.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00403-00163546-00163829": "Don't thinking it doesn't make it so, but don't think it's going to happen.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00404-00163829-00164227": "So I think that's an important part of this as well, and that relates directly to the", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00405-00164227-00164683": "issue of, you know, sequencing your genome and then finding rare diseases.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00406-00164683-00165102": "Most of those rare variants are of uncertain significance anyway.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00407-00165102-00165519": "Carolyn Clancy: So just to build on what has been said, first", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00408-00165519-00166091": "of all, I love the phrase, so thank you for that, \"genetic exceptionalism.\"", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00409-00166091-00166191": "[laughter]", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00410-00166191-00166542": "Well, the reason I think it's important is I think that we are actually on the cusp of", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00411-00166542-00166779": "a cultural challenge here.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00412-00166779-00167485": "I mean, I think historically biomedical science has made huge investments with the firm belief,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00413-00167485-00167919": "conviction, commitment that discovery could only be good.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00414-00167919-00168460": "We haven't shared with you that the occasional cynical health services researcher will occasionally", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00415-00168460-00168961": "make a little graph that compares the NIH budget going up, up, up with the number of", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00416-00168961-00169061": "uninsured.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00417-00169061-00169422": "So that's actually the value question here.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00418-00169422-00169601": "Well, to be fair, but --", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00419-00169601-00169789": "Male Speaker: That's a drop in the bucket compared to that", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00420-00169789-00169889": "[inaudible].", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00421-00169889-00169989": "Carolyn Clancy: No, no, no.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00422-00169989-00170548": "But the point is that we have never actually held biomedical discoveries to some sort of", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00423-00170548-00171014": "value question, and I think right now with the implementation of the ACA, with the economic", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00424-00171014-00171649": "climate, which I know is high-pressure stuff at NIH, and across the federal government,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00425-00171649-00172242": "but I think particularly acute for the NIH, just because of things that have to be stopped,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00426-00172242-00172679": "or put on hold and so forth, so I totally get all that.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00427-00172679-00173115": "I do think that is going to be a central strategic question.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00428-00173115-00173530": "And the cultural issue, it seems to me -- I was thrilled to hear you say that your military", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00429-00173530-00173928": "colleagues wanted to actually be part of the working group or steering group.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00430-00173928-00174045": "I think that's a good thing.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00431-00174045-00174596": "In fact, I'd make a recommendation that a lot of these similar types of projects, you", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00432-00174596-00175234": "would actually seek out that kind of input, because I think the other approach we've always", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00433-00175234-00175712": "taken is that what we mean by dissemination and putting stuff into practice is this top-down", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00434-00175712-00175927": "model, so to trickle down.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00435-00175927-00176371": "And I think we have enough evidence that this just doesn't work.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00436-00176371-00176967": "And so I think the feedback back from care delivery projects is also very important.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00437-00176967-00177289": "What does this variance mean in real-life practice?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00438-00177289-00177669": "What happens when people make therapeutic decisions based on genetic information that", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00439-00177669-00178041": "they think are terrific, and it just doesn't work out so well?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00440-00178041-00178704": "Because if we're not actively putting that in place, we're not going to know about it,", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00441-00178704-00178804": "so...", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00442-00178804-00179277": "Rex Chisholm: So I think that's a great series of discussions", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00443-00179277-00179885": "and issues that help frame the next series of presentations that we're going to have.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00444-00179885-00180070": "So I'd encourage everybody to think about this.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00445-00180070-00180478": "We hope to have a lot more discussion about this going forward, because I think it's important", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00446-00180478-00181015": "-- it's highly relevant to the question of: Do we need a coordinated strategy across federal", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00447-00181015-00181262": "agencies?", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00448-00181262-00181916": "And so, to that end, we're going to hear a series of presentations from federal agencies", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00449-00181916-00182112": "about their perspectives on this.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00450-00182112-00182474": "So I think these are themes that we're going to come back to over and over again during", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00451-00182474-00182601": "the course of this meeting.", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00452-00182601-00183132": "So let's move on to the next presentation, which is Larry Meyer from the Department of", "ciSsUt4XWcY-00453-00183132-00183195": "Veterans Affairs."}}, {"audio_id": "cib7y5Qk7b0", "text": {"cib7y5Qk7b0-00000-00000010-00000060": "DECIDED THE INDIAN MOTORCYCLE", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00001-00000060-00000066": "DECIDED THE INDIAN MOTORCYCLE", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00002-00000066-00000246": "DECIDED THE INDIAN MOTORCYCLE BRAND HAD BETTER GROWTH", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00003-00000246-00000253": "DECIDED THE INDIAN MOTORCYCLE BRAND HAD BETTER GROWTH", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00004-00000253-00000323": "DECIDED THE INDIAN MOTORCYCLE BRAND HAD BETTER GROWTH PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE.", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00005-00000323-00000330": "BRAND HAD BETTER GROWTH PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE.", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00006-00000330-00000540": "BRAND HAD BETTER GROWTH PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE. >>> OFFICIALS AT MINNESOTA STATE", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00007-00000540-00000547": "PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE. >>> OFFICIALS AT MINNESOTA STATE", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00008-00000547-00000827": "PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE. >>> OFFICIALS AT MINNESOTA STATE RUN INSURANCE AGENCY SAY MORE", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00009-00000827-00000834": ">>> OFFICIALS AT MINNESOTA STATE RUN INSURANCE AGENCY SAY MORE", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00010-00000834-00000980": ">>> OFFICIALS AT MINNESOTA STATE RUN INSURANCE AGENCY SAY MORE THAN 103,000 PEOPLE SIGNED UP", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00011-00000980-00000987": "RUN INSURANCE AGENCY SAY MORE THAN 103,000 PEOPLE SIGNED UP", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00012-00000987-00001251": "RUN INSURANCE AGENCY SAY MORE THAN 103,000 PEOPLE SIGNED UP FOR HEALTH COVERAGE IN THE", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00013-00001251-00001257": "THAN 103,000 PEOPLE SIGNED UP FOR HEALTH COVERAGE IN THE", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00014-00001257-00001661": "THAN 103,000 PEOPLE SIGNED UP FOR HEALTH COVERAGE IN THE LATEST ENROLLMENT PERIOD.", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00015-00001661-00001668": "FOR HEALTH COVERAGE IN THE LATEST ENROLLMENT PERIOD.", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00016-00001668-00002001": "FOR HEALTH COVERAGE IN THE LATEST ENROLLMENT PERIOD. IT SET A RECORD BY 15,000, EVEN", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00017-00002001-00002008": "LATEST ENROLLMENT PERIOD. IT SET A RECORD BY 15,000, EVEN", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00018-00002008-00002285": "LATEST ENROLLMENT PERIOD. IT SET A RECORD BY 15,000, EVEN AS PREMIUMS HAVE BEEN RISING AS", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00019-00002285-00002292": "IT SET A RECORD BY 15,000, EVEN AS PREMIUMS HAVE BEEN RISING AS", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00020-00002292-00002502": "IT SET A RECORD BY 15,000, EVEN AS PREMIUMS HAVE BEEN RISING AS MUCH AS 67%.", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00021-00002502-00002509": "AS PREMIUMS HAVE BEEN RISING AS MUCH AS 67%.", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00022-00002509-00002736": "AS PREMIUMS HAVE BEEN RISING AS MUCH AS 67%. TAX CREDITS ARE SPARING MANY", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00023-00002736-00002742": "MUCH AS 67%. TAX CREDITS ARE SPARING MANY", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00024-00002742-00002909": "MUCH AS 67%. TAX CREDITS ARE SPARING MANY PEOPLE THE WORST OF THE HIKES.", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00025-00002909-00002916": "TAX CREDITS ARE SPARING MANY PEOPLE THE WORST OF THE HIKES.", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00026-00002916-00003079": "TAX CREDITS ARE SPARING MANY PEOPLE THE WORST OF THE HIKES. OPEN ENROLLMENT LASTS THROUGH", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00027-00003079-00003086": "PEOPLE THE WORST OF THE HIKES. OPEN ENROLLMENT LASTS THROUGH", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00028-00003086-00003113": "PEOPLE THE WORST OF THE HIKES. OPEN ENROLLMENT LASTS THROUGH JANUARY.", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00029-00003113-00003119": "OPEN ENROLLMENT LASTS THROUGH JANUARY.", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00030-00003119-00003273": "OPEN ENROLLMENT LASTS THROUGH JANUARY. BUT HEALTH INSURANCE COST PICKS", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00031-00003273-00003279": "JANUARY. BUT HEALTH INSURANCE COST PICKS", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00032-00003279-00003513": "JANUARY. BUT HEALTH INSURANCE COST PICKS ARE STILL IN THE WORKS AT THE", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00033-00003513-00003520": "BUT HEALTH INSURANCE COST PICKS ARE STILL IN THE WORKS AT THE", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00034-00003520-00003573": "BUT HEALTH INSURANCE COST PICKS ARE STILL IN THE WORKS AT THE CAPITOL.", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00035-00003573-00003580": "ARE STILL IN THE WORKS AT THE CAPITOL.", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00036-00003580-00003807": "ARE STILL IN THE WORKS AT THE CAPITOL. GOVERNOR MARK DAYTON CALLED FOR", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00037-00003807-00003813": "CAPITOL. GOVERNOR MARK DAYTON CALLED FOR", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00038-00003813-00004114": "CAPITOL. GOVERNOR MARK DAYTON CALLED FOR A STATE FUNDED REBATE THAT WOULD", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00039-00004114-00004120": "GOVERNOR MARK DAYTON CALLED FOR A STATE FUNDED REBATE THAT WOULD", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00040-00004120-00004354": "GOVERNOR MARK DAYTON CALLED FOR A STATE FUNDED REBATE THAT WOULD COVER 45% OF MONTHLY PREMIUMS", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00041-00004354-00004361": "A STATE FUNDED REBATE THAT WOULD COVER 45% OF MONTHLY PREMIUMS", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00042-00004361-00004631": "A STATE FUNDED REBATE THAT WOULD COVER 45% OF MONTHLY PREMIUMS FOR THOSE THAT MAKE TOO MUCH FOR", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00043-00004631-00004637": "COVER 45% OF MONTHLY PREMIUMS FOR THOSE THAT MAKE TOO MUCH FOR", "cib7y5Qk7b0-00044-00004637-00004721": "COVER 45% OF MONTHLY PREMIUMS FOR THOSE THAT MAKE TOO MUCH FOR FEDERAL SUBSIDIES."}}, {"audio_id": "cjd8CXs0a8o", "text": {"cjd8CXs0a8o-00000-00000003-00000006": "."}}, {"audio_id": "cj0QneTuG5k", "text": {"cj0QneTuG5k-00000-00000355-00000555": "This channel only no copyright music", "cj0QneTuG5k-00001-00000747-00000947": "Please support"}}, {"audio_id": "cjoQdQ9Awc8", "text": {"cjoQdQ9Awc8-00000-00000961-00001580": "Hello TCC Titans! You may be wondering what the TCC library can do for you,", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00001-00001580-00002118": "especially in a purely online environment. We can help you succeed with", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00002-00002118-00002627": "your research papers and projects. Let's start with a question: Do you ever have", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00003-00002627-00003170": "assigned research papers or projects for your classes? Well, of course you do! And", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00004-00003170-00003797": "understanding how to do research is part of college expectations. So, how do you", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00005-00003797-00004389": "get good at doing research? First, you start by tapping experts to help you, and", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00006-00004389-00004796": "then, like most things, you practice, practice, practice!", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00007-00004796-00005391": "I mentioned experts. Your TCC librarians are the research experts on campus, and", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00008-00005391-00005907": "they're here to help you! Let's look at how to get that help by starting at the", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00009-00005907-00006470": "Library's home page. You can access the Library from the college portal. Once you", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00010-00006470-00006779": "log into the portal, go to the waffle menu in the upper right", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00011-00006779-00007503": "hand corner and select TCC Library. This takes you to the library's website. Our", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00012-00007503-00008064": "library website contains all sorts of research resources: books, articles, ebooks,", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00013-00008064-00008631": "streaming video, and more, but let's be honest. Doing research and understanding", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00014-00008631-00008978": "where to go and how to search can just be confusing!", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00015-00008978-00009447": "Instead of going down a rabbit hole and getting frustrated, ask a librarian for", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00016-00009447-00009957": "help. How? If we're physically open, you can visit the Library's Research Desk in", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00017-00009957-00010397": "the Library where librarians are ready to dive into research questions with you.", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00018-00010397-00010878": "Even more easily though, you can chat with a TCC librarian live on the", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00019-00010878-00011397": "Library's website. Just enter your name, contact info, and", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00020-00011397-00011949": "your question and the TCC librarian will connect with you in seconds. If you", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00021-00011949-00012432": "reach out after hours, your question will roll over to a non-TCC librarian who", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00022-00012432-00012843": "will help you. That's right - basically, you can reach out with your research", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00023-00012843-00013316": "questions 24/7! What are some examples of the questions", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00024-00013316-00013905": "we get? Well, research runs the gamut, but it might be anything like how do I cite", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00025-00013905-00014660": "my book, article, or website in APA or MLA style? How do I do in-text citations? I", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00026-00014660-00015135": "need five library resources for my research paper they need to come from", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00027-00015135-00015513": "the library's databases. Can you help me with that? I'm having a hard time", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00028-00015513-00015947": "narrowing my research topic for this paper. Can we walk through that together?", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00029-00015947-00016461": "I can't find any good information with the search terms I've been using. Can you", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00030-00016461-00017103": "help? I can't stop watching Tiger King! Can you help me!? Ok, maybe not that last", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00031-00017103-00017556": "one, but you get the idea! Those are just some examples. Your question might be", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00032-00017556-00018069": "totally different and that's okay! You might also find some answers to your", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00033-00018069-00018633": "questions in the How Do I section on the Library's website. These are commonly", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00034-00018633-00019257": "asked library-related questions and how-to guides. And finally, feel free to", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00035-00019257-00019794": "reach out to us via email. The bottom line is that we're here to support you.", "cjoQdQ9Awc8-00036-00019794-00020098": "Just ask!"}}, {"audio_id": "ckjFLPWuhu8", "text": {"ckjFLPWuhu8-00000-00001250-00001500": "Tea time at the Iyer's", "ckjFLPWuhu8-00001-00001820-00002350": "Poor Mrs. Sharma. The Nov'16 smog killed her, am sure!", "ckjFLPWuhu8-00002-00002500-00002750": "What time is her funeral tomorrow?", "ckjFLPWuhu8-00003-00002840-00003010": "At 8.00 in the morning.", "ckjFLPWuhu8-00004-00003300-00004100": "Hmm... Am booking us a health check pronto! We must get a cancer screening done.", "ckjFLPWuhu8-00005-00004250-00004900": "Woof!Woof! Yes! My tail's had a nervous twitch since Delhi surpassed Beijing as the most polluted city!", "ckjFLPWuhu8-00006-00005200-00005400": "**Whimpering**", "ckjFLPWuhu8-00007-00005800-00006280": "Who is responsible for pollution? We are.", "ckjFLPWuhu8-00008-00006350-00006750": "Burning agricultural, industrial, and domestic waste.", "ckjFLPWuhu8-00009-00006800-00007040": "Coal fired power plants.", "ckjFLPWuhu8-00010-00007080-00007376": "Emissions from vehicles and deforestation.", "ckjFLPWuhu8-00011-00007376-00007820": "Let's be more responsible. Let's preserve and conserve our resources.", "ckjFLPWuhu8-00012-00007900-00008200": "Let's save our planet."}}, {"audio_id": "ckjFnM5dQqM", "text": {"ckjFnM5dQqM-00000-00000198-00000495": "Austin: I don't want to put too much pressure on us, I know everyone's a little nervous...", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00001-00000495-00000826": "Austin: ... but we really, really, really have to win, okay?", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00002-00000893-00001756": "Austin: No pressure, but we need a win... We need a win especially in Terraria. We've had some failures.", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00003-00002490-00003190": "💛: Check out all episodes of Terraria HC Season 1 & 2 on PBG Gameplays if you haven't watched yet!", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00004-00003190-00003890": "💛: Also, watch the death montages of Terraria HC Season 1 & 2 on this channel! :D", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00005-00004676-00004973": "Austin: We've had some failures. We need a victory.", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00006-00005077-00005277": "So let's do this thing!", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00007-00007717-00007917": "[Gosh dangit, Todd! 🤣]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00008-00008359-00009158": "[While ProtonJon was mining on his own in Episode 11, he accidently stepped on a boulder trap pressure plate...]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00009-00009158-00009858": "[... and activating the actual boulder trap right on him from above. This is actually what happened to him.]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00010-00011071-00011335": "💛: Jonathan Wheeler has been eliminated.", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00011-00011877-00012173": "Dean: God damnit, PBG! Austin: What do I do???", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00012-00012390-00012590": "Austin: There's no such thing a jinxing!", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00013-00012590-00012685": "(Seriously, Peebs?) Austin: There's no such thing a jinxing!", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00014-00012701-00013501": "[Throughout that episode, Austin constantly kept mentioning the lack of deaths they have had. But, once Jon died in sudden...]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00015-00013501-00013851": "[... Austin was immediately blamed for jinxing them.]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00016-00018144-00018643": "[Jonathan's reaction when he was the first player to die in Terraria be like...]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00017-00026250-00026456": "💛: Jeffrey Fabre has been eliminated.", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00018-00027515-00028214": "[In the beginning of Episode 15, while climbing the house, Jeffrey tested out a hook that Luke (Yungtown) gave him...]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00019-00028214-00028914": "[... but unfortunately, he just killed off from falling damaged as he missed hooking onto a structure.]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00020-00028914-00029614": "[His death was by misusing an item, similar to Season 2 finale where Jeff misused the parasol item.]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00021-00030478-00030714": "💛: Jeffrey Fabre has been eliminated.", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00022-00032543-00032901": "Dean: What the f*ck...?", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00023-00032954-00033210": "Dean: THAT'S HOW WE LOSE JEFF?!", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00024-00033295-00033895": "[FYI, this was the first season where Jeff died right before the final episode.]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00025-00037139-00037253": "Whaaaaaat??", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00026-00037869-00038368": "💛: My actual face reaction starts in 3, 2, 1... Go!", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00027-00038601-00038701": "Whoa, whoa.", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00028-00038857-00039001": "Don't be killed, Austin.", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00029-00039111-00039180": "*gasps*", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00030-00039233-00039373": "Wait whaaaaaa???", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00031-00040001-00040128": "[slow motion] *gasps*", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00032-00040390-00040733": "[slow motion] Wait whaaaaaa???", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00033-00040783-00041186": "💛: Welp, I have no idea what just happened earlier. *chuckles*", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00034-00041320-00042020": "[On episode 18, Austin tried mining some iron while protecting Dean at the same time, but the funny thing was...]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00035-00042020-00042820": "[... he didn't noticed that Austin kept touching meteorite, resulting in him stupidity died from burning by it!]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00036-00043563-00043856": "💛: Austin Hargrave has been eliminated.", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00037-00044641-00045340": "[Seriously, this part is one of the saddest death in Terraria Hardcore the series and one of the most awkward death...]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00038-00045340-00045840": "[... ever in Hardcore Games the series.]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00039-00047532-00048431": "(🤣🤣🤣 That word got me easily! Dangit, Todd!)", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00040-00049959-00050159": "Austin: Dean?... Guys, Dean's dead. XP", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00041-00050456-00050808": "💛: \"Er... Austin, where's Dean?\" Austin: \"Dean died.\"", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00042-00050825-00050943": "Whaaaaaaat?", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00043-00053435-00053508": "B   O   I   !   !   !", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00044-00057097-00057297": "[Totally agreed, Stewart. 😂😂😂]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00045-00060416-00060666": "(Why, Todd? Why?? 🤣)", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00046-00061683-00062383": "[On episode 22, while Dean was battling some monsters with his remaining friends in the dungeon, he unknowingly...]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00047-00062383-00063083": "[... leaned against some spikes without realizing it, and then Dean just awkwardly killed off by it.]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00048-00064476-00064733": "💛: Dean Elazab has been eliminated.", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00049-00065147-00065846": "[In results, Stewart was finally able to beat the Wall of Flesh together with Reese and Luke in Season 3 finale.]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00050-00068692-00069391": "[After beating the Wall of Flesh and returning home, the Hardmode Goblin Army spawned, and...]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00051-00069391-00070091": "[... all three of them were instantly finished off by the Shadowflame Apparation & Stewart was the winner in the end!]", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00052-00070475-00070761": "💛: Third Place - Reese Dressler!", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00053-00071766-00072088": "💛: Second Place - Luke Sizemore!", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00054-00072972-00073498": "💛: Stewart Hargrave, you are the winner! See you in the next game! :D", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00055-00073709-00073991": "Stewart: Well, that's a sucky way to end. 😅", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00056-00077381-00077550": "DAAAAAAAMMMMMNNN!!", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00057-00079551-00079751": "Cool! 🤩", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00058-00080344-00080843": "🎶 Take My Star - Luke Sizemore / Yungtown 🎶", "ckjFnM5dQqM-00059-00081916-00082916": "💛: Don't forget to subscribe my backup channel for more content in the future! 💕"}}, {"audio_id": "ckAhaKnb4QY", "text": {"ckAhaKnb4QY-00000-00000439-00000709": ">> So this is a recumbent bike and, you know,", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00001-00000744-00001070": "a recumbent bike you're sitting down in a sitting position.", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00002-00001100-00001284": "Our demonstrator's going to come have a seat", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00003-00001284-00001821": "on this recumbent bike and she's going to adjust it", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00004-00001843-00002183": "so as her legs are extended all she has", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00005-00002183-00002495": "to do is drop her heels a little bit", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00006-00002511-00002860": "and that gives her an extended leg, and she adjusts it", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00007-00002924-00003156": "by lifting the red handle", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00008-00003156-00003353": "and sliding the seat forward and back.", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00009-00003699-00004314": "This bike just automatically powers up as she starts to ride.", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00010-00004470-00004819": "And what she does need to do is push the Quick Start button,", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00011-00004883-00005095": "and sometimes it requires a second push", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00012-00005117-00005328": "on the Quick Start button; that looks like it's going.", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00013-00005418-00005802": "Now the changes she can make on this particular panel would be", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00014-00005814-00006231": "to adjust the resistance; that's really the only setting here", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00015-00006231-00006635": "and she'd adjust the resistance by pushing the Up arrow.", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00016-00006681-00007134": "If she gets it too high she can set it down.", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00017-00007197-00007630": "[beep] There's also some pre-programmed programs in there", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00018-00007630-00008070": "that give you some hills over on the left-hand side, yes.", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00019-00008160-00008638": "Another nice option here is there's a fan built in,", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00020-00008758-00009095": "[beep] and it goes on high and low.", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00021-00009111-00009528": "So she's just going to easily ride a little bit here.", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00022-00009756-00009924": "Nice smooth pace.", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00023-00010158-00010365": "And this would be a piece of cardio equipment", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00024-00010365-00010447": "that works your heart.", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00025-00010791-00011206": "Here we have a recumbent bike it's a self-propelled recumbent", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00026-00011206-00011581": "bike, so it's not -- there's nothing electronic about it", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00027-00011581-00011877": "and it's a piece of cardio equipment; there are 2 of them", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00028-00011877-00012154": "in the fitness center and our demonstrator's going", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00029-00012154-00012614": "to come have a seat on the recumbent bike and she's going", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00030-00012614-00013075": "to adjust the seat, so as she extends her legs", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00031-00013075-00013370": "and drops her heels her legs are straight.", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00032-00013497-00013984": "She would adjust the seat in the very center there's a peg", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00033-00013984-00014417": "that you pull up and you slide the seat forward and back.", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00034-00014592-00015091": "It's called a recumbent because you're sitting down.", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00035-00015205-00015567": "Similar to a regular bike a little easier on the back.", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00036-00015678-00015902": "To adjust the resistance on the bike;", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00037-00015905-00016128": "this is the only adjustment; there's a lever", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00038-00016241-00016731": "on the left-hand side that you can make it easier and harder,", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00039-00016731-00016988": "and then you just sit back and ride", "ckAhaKnb4QY-00040-00017133-00017397": "or you grab the handles and just go for it."}}, {"audio_id": "ckL071qvYKY", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "ckS5LpqD0QQ", "text": {"ckS5LpqD0QQ-00000-00001019-00001623": "OH MY GOD Sean Hannity Just Gave Trump The Best News Of All Time Moments Ago.", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00001-00001623-00001826": "By Paris Swade.", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00002-00001826-00002356": "If you didn�t catch it, Donald Trump had an amazing rally in Hersey, Pennsylvania yesterday", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00003-00002356-00002714": "and the winning is not going to stop any time soon.", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00004-00002714-00003245": "According to top pollster Frank Luntz on Sean Hannity, Trump is going to create a permanent", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00005-00003245-00003452": "Republican majority.", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00006-00003452-00003822": "Trump will make a permanent Republican majority.", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00007-00003822-00003929": "Thank God.", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00008-00003929-00004294": "The Democrats were wanting to bring this country down.", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00009-00004294-00004726": "Thank God that all the strong-willed Americans stood them down and voted for Trump.", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00010-00004726-00005092": "Here�s the video via Sean Hannity:", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00011-00005092-00005192": "This is huge.", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00012-00005192-00005537": "Let�s take a look at what Frank Luntz said:", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00013-00005537-00005946": "Frank Luntz: �I did not think Trump had a good chance.", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00014-00005946-00006441": "But I thought he was absolutely viable because of what he said and how he said it� If Trump", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00015-00006441-00006914": "can keep this majority of these new voters who have never voted Republican before and", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00016-00006914-00007356": "bring back some of those Republicans from the suburbs who voted for Clinton but voted", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00017-00007356-00007778": "Republican all the way down the line this is a long term majority.", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00018-00007778-00008221": "He has a chance to change politics as we know it if he can keep both of these two groups", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00019-00008221-00008495": "together and he has the ability to do it.�", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00020-00008495-00008667": "*** Ain�t that the truth!", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00021-00008667-00008850": "Get ready to share this!", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00022-00008850-00009198": "Let�s all come together this Christmas season under Trump.", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00023-00009198-00009491": "Let�s make America great again!", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00024-00009491-00009913": "Share this article if you can�t wait to see how well Trump does!", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00025-00009913-00010316": "Share this article with your liberal friends � if you have them.", "ckS5LpqD0QQ-00026-00010316-00011768": "Thanks for reading, y�all!"}}, {"audio_id": "ckW0DL5qMC4", "text": {"ckW0DL5qMC4-00000-00000038-00000216": "- [Proctor] And now, I will turn things over", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00001-00000216-00000552": "to your host for the day, Linda Darling-Hammond.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00002-00000552-00000666": "Please go ahead.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00003-00000751-00000889": "- [Linda] Thank you.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00004-00000889-00001188": "It's wonderful to have everyone assembled here", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00005-00001188-00001383": "for this briefing.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00006-00001383-00001660": "We are, as you know, issuing a new report", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00007-00001660-00001987": "that is going to be available online.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00008-00001987-00002216": "If you check in the chatbox,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00009-00002216-00002510": "you'll find a link to the report and the brief,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00010-00002510-00002999": "and to the slides, so you can refer to them thereafter.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00011-00002999-00003406": "Our agenda is that we will give a presentation", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00012-00003406-00003582": "about this research.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00013-00003582-00003940": "I'll cue up for context Beth Meloy,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00014-00003940-00004153": "our Senior Researcher and Policy Analyst,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00015-00004153-00004411": "and Marjorie Wechsler, our Principal Research Manager", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00016-00004411-00004640": "will present the research.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00017-00004640-00004906": "We'll have an opportunity for discussion", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00018-00004906-00005046": "and questions and answers.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00019-00005137-00005393": "And that will be handled by Maddie Gardner,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00020-00005393-00005662": "Beth Meloy, and Marjorie Wechsler.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00021-00005662-00006083": "You can, as you heard, put questions into the chatbox", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00022-00006083-00006457": "along the way, and we'll get to as many of them as we can.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00023-00006581-00006904": "And, let's see if I can get this to advance.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00024-00007009-00007431": "We're going to just sort of remind everyone on this call,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00025-00007431-00007670": "you're all very familiar with the history", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00026-00007670-00007991": "of early childhood education and research,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00027-00007991-00008283": "that we are at this moment in time", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00028-00008283-00008716": "building early childhood programs across the state", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00029-00008716-00009205": "based on the great expectations that were put in place", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00030-00009205-00009489": "by the well-studied preschool programs", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00031-00009489-00009733": "of the 1960s and '70s.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00032-00009733-00009991": "Perry Preschool, the Child Parent Centers,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00033-00009991-00010216": "the Abecedarian Project.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00034-00010216-00010577": "All of these were very, very high-quality programs", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00035-00010577-00011073": "that were shown to provide significant benefits", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00036-00011073-00011423": "to the children who attended them,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00037-00011423-00011660": "relative to comparison groups", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00038-00011660-00012042": "who had not attended any kind of preschool,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00039-00012042-00012347": "in terms of improved cognitive development,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00040-00012347-00012572": "their preparation for school,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00041-00012572-00012901": "a much lower likelihood of being identified", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00042-00012901-00013191": "for special education or retained in grade.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00043-00013191-00013441": "And then much longer term benefits as well,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00044-00013441-00013763": "all the way into adulthood, for the studies that were able", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00045-00013763-00014068": "to follow young people that far.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00046-00014154-00014426": "Much more likely to graduate from high school,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00047-00014426-00014597": "to attend college,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00048-00014597-00015006": "less likely to become pregnant, to commit crimes,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00049-00015006-00015240": "to depend on welfare as adults.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00050-00015240-00015451": "Higher earnings in adulthood.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00051-00015451-00015791": "All of these benefits, which have been much touted", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00052-00015791-00016258": "in the news and in political conversations,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00053-00016258-00016758": "have led to enthusiasm about preschool", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00054-00016794-00017052": "and investments in early childhood education.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00055-00017150-00017491": "The various studies have found the benefits pay off", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00056-00017491-00017788": "as much as $17 for every dollar invested", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00057-00017788-00018026": "when you look all the way to adulthood", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00058-00018026-00018358": "and capture all of those benefits that I just talked about.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00059-00018358-00018544": "And even for the short term studies", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00060-00018544-00019044": "that just look ahead a couple of grades into primary school,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00061-00019153-00019434": "you find benefits of at least two dollars", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00062-00019434-00019661": "for every dollar invested,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00063-00019661-00020015": "in terms of the reduced cost and grade retention,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00064-00020015-00020297": "special education placements, and so on.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00065-00020297-00020492": "And of course, every dollar,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00066-00020492-00020819": "anything above a dollar means that preschool", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00067-00020819-00020980": "is paying for itself.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00068-00021103-00021603": "So there is this basis on which to advance public policy.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00069-00021784-00022284": "There is, of course the fact that because of this,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00070-00022362-00022573": "state investments have skyrocketed.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00071-00022573-00022839": "43 states have provided preschool.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00072-00022839-00023148": "Lots of money invested, many children enrolled.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00073-00023148-00023424": "Many more evaluations of these new efforts", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00074-00023424-00023742": "have then created a more complex research landscape,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00075-00023742-00024213": "with some studies finding less significant benefits,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00076-00024297-00024610": "what is sometimes even called fade out of those", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00077-00024610-00025011": "effects into the later years of grade school.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00078-00025011-00025260": "And questions about the effectiveness", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00079-00025260-00025475": "of particular programs,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00080-00025475-00025749": "and those sometimes in the political discourse", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00081-00025749-00025945": "end up being questions about the effectiveness", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00082-00025945-00026150": "of preschool overall.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00083-00026150-00026573": "And so this briefing is based on a report", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00084-00026573-00026806": "where we've really dived in,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00085-00026806-00027042": "looked at all of the preschool evidence,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00086-00027042-00027387": "unpacked the studies, like the Head Start study", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00087-00027387-00027570": "and the Tennessee evaluation,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00088-00027570-00027835": "that have raised some concerns and confusion.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00089-00027835-00028210": "And Beth Meloy is going to take the ball", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00090-00028210-00028473": "and explain the study, what we found,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00091-00028473-00028973": "and be available for comments and questions thereafter.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00092-00029057-00029206": "Beth.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00093-00029206-00029452": "- [Beth] Great, thank you, Linda.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00094-00029452-00029769": "As Linda said, there are now many more evaluations", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00095-00029769-00030050": "of preschool effectiveness than there are programs.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00096-00030050-00030394": "And they vary widely with regard to how rigorous they are,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00097-00030394-00030613": "ranging from studies that simply document", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00098-00030613-00030792": "growth in preschool students,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00099-00030792-00031057": "to longitudinal tightly-controlled experiments.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00100-00031172-00031420": "So we set out to do our review of this literature,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00101-00031420-00031641": "joining many others who have come before us", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00102-00031641-00031912": "in compiling the best evidence to informed discussions", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00103-00031912-00032157": "about the effectiveness of preschool,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00104-00032157-00032360": "with the goal of examining whether preschool", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00105-00032360-00032627": "improves children's outcomes,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00106-00032627-00032829": "and untangling those nuances", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00107-00032829-00033087": "at the heart of those prominent evaluation findings", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00108-00033087-00033376": "of Tennessee and Head Start in particular.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00109-00033376-00033675": "We wanted to equip policy makers and others with the tools", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00110-00033675-00033969": "to assess the weight of the accumulated evidence,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00111-00033969-00034147": "and draw conclusions about the case", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00112-00034147-00034300": "for investing in preschool.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00113-00034479-00034835": "In our review, we categorized evaluations", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00114-00034835-00035153": "into two timeframes, grouping those that examine", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00115-00035153-00035335": "child outcomes at the end of pre-K", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00116-00035335-00035553": "separately from those that examine outcomes", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00117-00035553-00035818": "into elementary school and beyond.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00118-00035818-00035991": "For that first set of outcomes related", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00119-00035991-00036174": "to children school readiness,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00120-00036174-00036564": "there are many evaluations of contemporary pre-K programs.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00121-00036564-00036975": "So we limited our review to only the most rigorous studies,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00122-00036975-00037367": "and we ended up with evaluations of 18 public pre-K programs", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00123-00037367-00037703": "that measure children's outcomes at school entry.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00124-00037703-00038020": "And you can see the programs and evaluations listed here.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00125-00038243-00038575": "Fewer programs have been evaluated longitudinally,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00126-00038575-00038846": "and so we expanded our inclusion criteria slightly", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00127-00038846-00038999": "for programs that follow children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00128-00038999-00039224": "into elementary school and middle school.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00129-00039224-00039637": "And we wound up with evaluations of 14 different programs.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00130-00039637-00039776": "And it's important to note here", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00131-00039776-00040018": "that the majority of these contemporary programs", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00132-00040018-00040291": "are simply not old enough to have followed children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00133-00040291-00040701": "into high school or adulthood as the foundational programs", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00134-00040701-00040846": "that Linda talked about have.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00135-00041125-00041309": "So what did we find?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00136-00041309-00041494": "Well, the first thing that we found is that", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00137-00041494-00041782": "pre-K undeniably prepares children for school.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00138-00041878-00042148": "Most studies examined children's early literacy", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00139-00042148-00042404": "and mathematics skills, and they find benefits.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00140-00042493-00042785": "All 18 of the programs included in our review", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00141-00042785-00043044": "measured children's early literacy,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00142-00043044-00043368": "and all but one evaluation found benefits of preschool", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00143-00043368-00043620": "on measures of children's alphabet knowledge,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00144-00043620-00043935": "and ability to associate sounds with words and letters,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00145-00043935-00044136": "and other pre-literacy skills.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00146-00044309-00044677": "16 examined children's early mathematics skills,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00147-00044677-00044931": "including skills like the ability to count", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00148-00044931-00045161": "and understand concepts of measurement,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00149-00045161-00045501": "and all but two found positive effects there.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00150-00045501-00045758": "And these benefits are found consistently for children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00151-00045758-00045977": "across the socioeconomic spectrum.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00152-00046254-00046554": "Fewer studies examined children's social-emotional skills", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00153-00046554-00046764": "and executive function,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00154-00046764-00046895": "but of those that did,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00155-00046895-00047157": "2/3 found benefits on at least one measure,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00156-00047157-00047457": "ranging from teacher reports of child behavior,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00157-00047457-00047740": "to assessments of social and emotional skills,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00158-00047740-00048039": "to multiple measures of executive function.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00159-00048206-00048492": "And this slide summarizes these findings.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00160-00048492-00048673": "Overall, evidence overwhelmingly points", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00161-00048673-00048961": "to preschool's effectiveness at preparing children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00162-00048961-00049116": "for school entry.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00163-00049116-00049448": "Importantly, the few findings of no difference,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00164-00049448-00049669": "those gray boxes on the figure,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00165-00049669-00049982": "generally showed positive influences of preschool,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00166-00049982-00050184": "but they were not statistically significant", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00167-00050184-00050403": "usually because of small sample sizes.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00168-00050561-00050748": "Of course, we don't stop at school entry", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00169-00050748-00050990": "when considering the literature on preschool effectiveness", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00170-00050990-00051196": "because policy makers also want to know", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00171-00051196-00051498": "whether investments in preschool pay off.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00172-00051498-00051852": "And those outcomes that have clear economic impact", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00173-00051852-00052078": "show up later in school and in life.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00174-00052401-00052633": "When we consider evaluations that follow children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00175-00052633-00052869": "into elementary and middle school,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00176-00052869-00053341": "we find that several measured outcomes", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00177-00053341-00053491": "related to school progress,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00178-00053491-00053794": "specifically special education placements", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00179-00053794-00053969": "and grade retention are important.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00180-00054126-00054348": "Four out of the seven program evaluations", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00181-00054348-00054710": "that measure special education placements in our review", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00182-00054710-00054941": "found reductions among preschool participants", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00183-00054941-00055201": "compared to children who did not attend.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00184-00055201-00055580": "And six out of 10 found a reduction in grade retention.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00185-00055711-00055925": "When we look at grade retention,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00186-00055925-00056130": "it does get a bit more complicated.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00187-00056130-00056266": "Here we start to see that", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00188-00056266-00056477": "the early learning experiences of children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00189-00056477-00056784": "to whom preschool participants are compared matters.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00190-00056784-00057216": "For example, two evaluations of Tulsa's ECE programs", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00191-00057216-00057533": "found no effect of participation on grade retention.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00192-00057533-00057779": "That is, both the preschool participants", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00193-00057779-00058098": "and comparison children had the same retention rates.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00194-00058098-00058261": "But both had low rates.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00195-00058355-00058671": "Evaluators in both of those cases noted", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00196-00058671-00058824": "that many comparison children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00197-00058824-00059152": "had access to other ECE arrangements,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00198-00059152-00059480": "suggesting that Tulsa's programs and other ECE programs", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00199-00059480-00059673": "available in the Tulsa area", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00200-00059673-00059835": "may have been equally successful", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00201-00059835-00060085": "at reducing the incidents of grade retention.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00202-00060504-00060723": "And improving children's progress for school", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00203-00060723-00060954": "does in fact pay off.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00204-00060954-00061358": "School districts spend an average of $13,119", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00205-00061358-00061548": "per child each year.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00206-00061548-00061930": "And those costs double whenever a student is retained.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00207-00061930-00062378": "Further, retaining a child once increases the likelihood", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00208-00062378-00062666": "of future retention, and that compounds the costs.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00209-00062763-00063016": "Likewise, providing special education services", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00210-00063016-00063288": "can cost more than twice that of general education.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00211-00063408-00063573": "So, lower rates of grade retention", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00212-00063573-00063807": "and special education placements from preschool", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00213-00063807-00064063": "come with significant and immediate cost savings", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00214-00064063-00064242": "for school systems and society.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00215-00064432-00064666": "When it comes to academic benefits", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00216-00064666-00064979": "in elementary and middle school, the findings are promising,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00217-00064979-00065200": "but they're also less consistent.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00218-00065200-00065407": "Some studies find enduring effects underscoring", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00219-00065407-00065856": "that long-lasting benefits are possible.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00220-00065856-00066085": "However, others see few if any benefits", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00221-00066085-00066233": "from pre-K in later grades.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00222-00066341-00066644": "Specifically, about half of the studies in our review", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00223-00066644-00066979": "that measure children's literacy beyond school entry,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00224-00066979-00067162": "usually through standardized tests,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00225-00067162-00067578": "find benefits on children's reading performance,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00226-00067578-00067799": "and in several cases those benefits persist", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00227-00067799-00067965": "up to the fifth grade.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00228-00067965-00068222": "But the other half find no evidence of an impact.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00229-00068360-00068487": "Among studies that examine", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00230-00068487-00068653": "children's mathematics performance,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00231-00068653-00069029": "again, measured by state standardized tests,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00232-00069029-00069306": "most document benefits, including some that persist", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00233-00069306-00069426": "well into middle school.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00234-00069533-00069796": "But two of the studies find that preschool participants", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00235-00069796-00070097": "performed less well than children who did not participate", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00236-00070097-00070295": "on at least one measure of math skills", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00237-00070295-00070472": "in the early elementary grades.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00238-00070472-00070654": "And we'll talk more about those two studies", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00239-00070654-00070756": "in just a moment.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00240-00070884-00071068": "But I want to pause to highlight here", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00241-00071068-00071350": "how study methods, again, make a difference.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00242-00071350-00071638": "In the case of North Carolina's preschool program,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00243-00071638-00071838": "two evaluations of the same program", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00244-00071838-00072027": "had very different findings.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00245-00072027-00072181": "One found a positive impact", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00246-00072181-00072430": "on children's reading performance into elementary school,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00247-00072430-00072608": "and the other did not.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00248-00072608-00072723": "But these two studies,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00249-00072723-00072941": "although they evaluated the same program,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00250-00072941-00073233": "had very different designs, and measured literacy skills", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00251-00073233-00073396": "using different tests.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00252-00073396-00073650": "They also used different comparison groups.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00253-00073650-00073830": "So we are reminded that these findings", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00254-00073830-00074149": "are strongly influenced by the research methods", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00255-00074149-00074352": "and the timing of the evaluations.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00256-00074545-00074874": "Here again, this figure depicts the summary of the research", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00257-00074874-00075139": "on preschool's effects into elementary school and beyond", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00258-00075139-00075312": "that I've just discussed.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00259-00075312-00075617": "It's understandably harder to draw a single conclusion", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00260-00075617-00075712": "from this evidence.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00261-00075827-00076100": "However, I think two things are clear.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00262-00076100-00076305": "The first is that lasting benefits", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00263-00076305-00076594": "from pre-K participation are possible.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00264-00076594-00076879": "And the second is that those benefits are not guaranteed.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00265-00076966-00077125": "There are several gray boxes", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00266-00077125-00077384": "and even a few red boxes in this figure.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00267-00077384-00077584": "So how do we make sense of the findings?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00268-00077775-00078004": "Well, first, I want to take a moment and address the issue", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00269-00078004-00078184": "of what many call fade out.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00270-00078361-00078623": "That is, studies that find little impact", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00271-00078623-00078821": "on children's performance into elementary school,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00272-00078821-00078994": "especially in reading,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00273-00078994-00079178": "despite finding children were doing better", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00274-00079178-00079413": "than comparison group children at school entry.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00275-00079518-00079818": "The most important thing to understand about fade out", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00276-00079818-00080063": "is that finding no difference between participants", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00277-00080063-00080303": "and comparison group children does not mean that", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00278-00080303-00080677": "children stagnate or lose skills or knowledge over time.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00279-00080773-00080991": "On the contrary, preschool participants", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00280-00080991-00081303": "and comparison group children continue to learn,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00281-00081303-00081592": "but over time the difference between them diminishes.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00282-00081592-00081913": "This means that their performance converges.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00283-00082321-00082497": "Now let's talk about those findings", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00284-00082497-00082746": "where preschool children were actually doing worse", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00285-00082746-00083006": "than comparison group children in elementary school.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00286-00083117-00083286": "Remember that the bulk of the evidence", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00287-00083286-00083553": "points to the overall effectiveness of preschool,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00288-00083553-00083761": "but findings from Head Start and Tennessee", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00289-00083761-00083996": "have sparked questions about whether that evidence", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00290-00083996-00084103": "should be trusted.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00291-00084221-00084477": "Both studies found evidence that preschool participants", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00292-00084477-00084837": "did less well in mathematics in early elementary grades.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00293-00084837-00085024": "And the Tennessee study found that children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00294-00085024-00085299": "were more likely to be placed in special education", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00295-00085299-00085408": "in elementary school.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00296-00085513-00085796": "And these two studies have received enormous attention,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00297-00085796-00086141": "both because of these seemingly contradictory findings,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00298-00086141-00086391": "and because they were designed to be extremely rigorous", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00299-00086391-00086561": "from a methodological standpoint.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00300-00086710-00087030": "However, research can help guide our understanding", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00301-00087030-00087211": "of these two evaluations,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00302-00087211-00087480": "and specifically points to three key questions,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00303-00087480-00087770": "the answers to which are critical for understanding", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00304-00087770-00087945": "how this evidence fits together.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00305-00088033-00088234": "Those questions are:", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00306-00088234-00088521": "First, what are the early learning experiences", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00307-00088521-00088744": "of comparison group children?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00308-00088744-00089158": "Second, what is the quality of the preschool program?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00309-00089158-00089510": "And finally, what is the quality of instruction", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00310-00089510-00089674": "in the early elementary years?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00311-00089868-00090095": "So now let's look at the evaluation of Head Start", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00312-00090095-00090428": "to see how those questions matter.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00313-00090428-00090598": "First, I'll review their findings.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00314-00090770-00091025": "Again, initial findings were encouraging.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00315-00091025-00091207": "And Head Start found that", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00316-00091207-00091409": "it boosted children's school readiness.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00317-00091515-00091800": "However, as children were followed throughout school,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00318-00091800-00092067": "impacts on children's literacy and grade retention", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00319-00092067-00092262": "were undetectable by third grade.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00320-00092394-00092632": "And in mathematics, children who attended the program", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00321-00092632-00092764": "appeared to score less well", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00322-00092764-00093022": "than comparison children by third grade.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00323-00093022-00093352": "And this was an unexpected and unwelcome finding.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00324-00093507-00093650": "But what might explain it?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00325-00093737-00093993": "Let's think about our guiding questions.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00326-00093993-00094254": "First, we need to understand the early learning experiences", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00327-00094254-00094383": "of the comparison group.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00328-00094480-00094695": "And what we know is that many children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00329-00094695-00094973": "to whom participants were compared did in fact attend", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00330-00094973-00095149": "other early learning programs,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00331-00095149-00095373": "including other Head Start programs.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00332-00095472-00095860": "When a re-analysis took these experiences into account,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00333-00095860-00096139": "it found larger, longer-lasting benefits for children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00334-00096139-00096444": "who would not have had access to ECE", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00335-00096444-00096614": "without the Head Start program.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00336-00096806-00097036": "Now what about the quality of Head Start?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00337-00097126-00097386": "Well, although Head Start is often viewed", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00338-00097386-00097618": "as a model program, the reality is that", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00339-00097618-00097889": "Head Start program quality is highly variable.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00340-00097889-00098059": "And this was even more true at the time", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00341-00098059-00098272": "of the Head Start evaluation.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00342-00098272-00098515": "In fact, the federal office of Head Start", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00343-00098515-00098740": "was so concerned with this variability,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00344-00098740-00098876": "that it recently overhauled", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00345-00098876-00099058": "its quality guidelines for programs.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00346-00099202-00099505": "Furthermore, another study went back and tried to account", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00347-00099505-00099664": "for program quality,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00348-00099664-00099906": "and did find that certain elements of quality,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00349-00099906-00100226": "including whether a program was part-day or full-day,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00350-00100226-00100406": "accounted for the size and persistence", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00351-00100406-00100596": "of impacts on child outcomes.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00352-00100755-00101017": "Finally, we need to consider the quality", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00353-00101017-00101337": "of the elementary school instruction", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00354-00101337-00101527": "that Head Start participants received.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00355-00101616-00101788": "This is extremely important,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00356-00101788-00102042": "because Head Start is a targeted program,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00357-00102042-00102204": "which means that it's designed to serve", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00358-00102204-00102519": "mostly low-income students, and as such,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00359-00102519-00102710": "Head Start children are more likely to attend", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00360-00102710-00102999": "low-quality and low-performing elementary schools.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00361-00103119-00103509": "Again, research confirms that the benefits of Head Start", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00362-00103509-00103883": "are larger when concurrent investments are made", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00363-00103883-00104151": "in K-12 education in Head Start communities.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00364-00104382-00104582": "So what do the Head Start findings mean?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00365-00104691-00104925": "Well, they tell us a few things.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00366-00104925-00105241": "First, just like many of the other state pre-K programs", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00367-00105241-00105519": "in our review, Head Start prepares children for school.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00368-00105660-00105916": "Second, we can say with some confidence", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00369-00105916-00106146": "that whether the benefits of Head Start last", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00370-00106146-00106384": "likely depends on a number of factors,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00371-00106384-00106658": "including what alternatives to Head Start are available", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00372-00106658-00106885": "to children in a given community;", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00373-00106885-00107142": "the quality of individual Head Start programs;", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00374-00107142-00107298": "and the quality of elementary schools", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00375-00107298-00107428": "in Head Start communities.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00376-00107566-00107713": "Now let's turn to Tennessee.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00377-00107901-00108242": "The evaluation in Tennessee was a bit more straightforward,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00378-00108242-00108536": "because only one set of evaluators have looked at the data.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00379-00108628-00108981": "At first, Tennessee's program was another success story.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00380-00108981-00109194": "Evaluators found that the children in the program", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00381-00109194-00109547": "were more ready for school than children who did not attend.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00382-00109547-00109703": "But again, when they followed children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00383-00109703-00109983": "into elementary school, the story changed.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00384-00109983-00110213": "By third grade, children who attended the program", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00385-00110213-00110417": "were no different from those who did not attend", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00386-00110417-00110615": "in their literacy.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00387-00110615-00110834": "And they were actually doing less well in mathematics", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00388-00110834-00111050": "than children who did not attend.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00389-00111050-00111217": "So again, we're left to ask why.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00390-00111406-00111572": "In order to understand these findings,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00391-00111572-00111897": "we can turn back to our guiding questions.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00392-00111897-00112096": "First, we need to understand", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00393-00112096-00112274": "what were the early learning experiences", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00394-00112274-00112439": "of the comparison group children?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00395-00112546-00112871": "Tennessee evaluators have not accounted", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00396-00112871-00113020": "for the early learning experiences", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00397-00113020-00113239": "of comparison group children,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00398-00113239-00113527": "which means that we don't know whether the impact", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00399-00113527-00113721": "of the program is dependent upon", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00400-00113721-00113909": "the early learning opportunities", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00401-00113909-00114109": "that comparison group children received.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00402-00114229-00114433": "Furthermore, there is some evidence that,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00403-00114433-00114724": "despite its rigorous design, comparison group children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00404-00114724-00114988": "may have actually been more advantaged overall", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00405-00114988-00115155": "than preschool participants,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00406-00115155-00115438": "which could account for their better performance in school.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00407-00115576-00115814": "Perhaps the most compelling explanation", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00408-00115814-00115998": "for Tennessee's findings lies in the answer", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00409-00115998-00116223": "to our second question about program quality.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00410-00116320-00116481": "Tennessee's program report card from", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00411-00116481-00116740": "the National Institute for Early Education Research", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00412-00116740-00117044": "earned only five out of 10", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00413-00117044-00117303": "on the new metric of preschool quality,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00414-00117303-00117540": "a metric that was revised to better reflect", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00415-00117540-00117750": "the elements of quality that research shows", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00416-00117750-00117911": "matter for child outcome.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00417-00118023-00118318": "Furthermore, an evaluation of the quality", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00418-00118318-00118473": "of Tennessee preschool classrooms", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00419-00118473-00118776": "found that many teachers spent only a little more", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00420-00118776-00119057": "than half of their time engaged in learning activities.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00421-00119143-00119408": "And that may reflect poor classroom management,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00422-00119408-00119584": "or difficulty embedding learning", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00423-00119584-00119752": "into everyday routines in play.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00424-00119858-00120141": "This evidence suggests the quality of Tennessee's program", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00425-00120141-00120327": "may have been meaningfully lower", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00426-00120327-00120552": "than programs that demonstrate effectiveness.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00427-00120732-00120976": "Finally, we must consider the quality", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00428-00120976-00121183": "of Tennessee's elementary schools.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00429-00121183-00121518": "Although we don't know the quality of instruction", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00430-00121518-00121685": "that Tennessee's participants received", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00431-00121685-00121867": "in the early elementary years,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00432-00121867-00122113": "we can hypothesize that it was not adequate", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00433-00122113-00122251": "to sustain the learning gains", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00434-00122251-00122435": "that preschool participants had made.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00435-00122583-00122806": "As a recent national study shows,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00436-00122918-00123202": "sustained benefits of preschool are often dependent upon", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00437-00123202-00123445": "high-quality early elementary instruction.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00438-00123542-00123804": "And I do want to pause here and just note that", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00439-00123804-00124117": "the Tennessee Department of Education", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00440-00124117-00124617": "has acknowledged this quality problem to a certain extent,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00441-00124652-00124885": "and has been spending some investment", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00442-00124885-00125159": "and some time and energy really aligning", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00443-00125159-00125515": "preschool and kindergarten to help smooth the transition", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00444-00125515-00125908": "and potentially benefit the outcome of children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00445-00125908-00126093": "who have participated in the program.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00446-00126260-00126496": "So what do the Tennessee findings mean?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00447-00126663-00126903": "Again, the program may be more effective for children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00448-00126903-00127150": "without early learning alternatives.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00449-00127150-00127323": "And perhaps more importantly,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00450-00127323-00127543": "Tennessee's program may be meaningfully different", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00451-00127543-00127686": "from other preschool programs,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00452-00127686-00127848": "making it less effective.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00453-00127943-00128158": "It is also possible that its elementary schools", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00454-00128158-00128342": "simply may not be of high enough quality", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00455-00128342-00128519": "to sustain early learning gains.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00456-00128674-00129105": "So in answer to our primary question, Is pre-K effective,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00457-00129105-00129324": "we find that it can be.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00458-00129427-00129729": "In fact, it absolutely is an effective strategy", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00459-00129729-00129971": "for improving children's school readiness.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00460-00129971-00130255": "And it's clearly possible for the benefits of pre-K", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00461-00130255-00130618": "to persist into elementary and middle school.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00462-00130618-00130840": "But the inconsistency of lasting benefits", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00463-00130840-00131103": "from program to program illustrates the importance", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00464-00131103-00131394": "of asking a different question altogether.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00465-00131394-00131668": "Rather than focusing on whether pre-K works,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00466-00131668-00131923": "we need to move on to asking how policy makers", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00467-00131923-00132165": "can ensure that their investments pay off.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00468-00132275-00132511": "And with that, I'm going to turn to floor over", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00469-00132511-00132698": "to my colleague, Marjorie,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00470-00132698-00132912": "who will share some insights from research", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00471-00132912-00133065": "about just how to do that.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00472-00133301-00133443": "- [Marjorie] Hello!", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00473-00133443-00133665": "This is Marjorie Wechsler.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00474-00133665-00133978": "As Beth described, we know preschool can generate", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00475-00133978-00134340": "both immediate and lasting benefits for children.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00476-00134340-00134725": "However, as she said, quality is an important factor", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00477-00134725-00135098": "in whether the promises of preschool are actually realized.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00478-00135098-00135396": "So what makes for a quality program?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00479-00135505-00135781": "Research has identified a suite of features", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00480-00135781-00136029": "that are commonly found in preschool programs", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00481-00136029-00136244": "with strong evidence of success,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00482-00136244-00136478": "like those described in Beth's review.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00483-00136570-00136957": "First, high-quality programs have program structures", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00484-00136957-00137250": "that facilitate opportunities to learn.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00485-00137250-00137563": "They offer children sufficient time in the program,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00486-00137563-00137971": "small class sizes, and an appropriate adult-to-child ratio.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00487-00138073-00138392": "They provide engaging and meaningful learning experiences", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00488-00138392-00138701": "based on comprehensive early learning standards", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00489-00138701-00138994": "and curriculum aligned with appropriate child assessments.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00490-00139096-00139442": "High-quality preschools have a highly skilled workforce,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00491-00139442-00139747": "which has knowledge of early childhood development", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00492-00139747-00140005": "and age-appropriate instruction.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00493-00140005-00140369": "And these skilled educators receive ongoing support,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00494-00140369-00140560": "such as coaching and mentoring.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00495-00140697-00140865": "High-quality programs offer", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00496-00140865-00141092": "comprehensive services for children,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00497-00141092-00141484": "including supports for healthy, whole-child development.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00498-00141484-00141890": "Supports are tailored to the specific needs of the children,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00499-00141890-00142146": "including those who are learning multiple languages,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00500-00142146-00142345": "or have special needs.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00501-00142345-00142678": "And high-quality programs also offer support for families,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00502-00142678-00142875": "and meaningful family engagement.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00503-00142965-00143221": "And finally, high-quality preschool programs", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00504-00143221-00143532": "engage in continuous quality improvement,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00505-00143532-00143861": "that includes a focus on classroom interactions.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00506-00143861-00144204": "A quality rating and improvement system often facilitates", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00507-00144204-00144393": "ongoing quality improvement.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00508-00144590-00144875": "However, so we know what the factors are,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00509-00144875-00145157": "and mapping these features of high-quality preschool", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00510-00145157-00145509": "on a large scale is complex work.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00511-00145509-00145887": "So we conducted case studies of four states,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00512-00145887-00146245": "Washington, Michigan, West Virginia, and North Carolina,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00513-00146245-00146537": "to understand the ins and outs of designing", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00514-00146537-00146862": "and implementing successful preschool programs.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00515-00146862-00147199": "And we chose these four states in part because", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00516-00147199-00147585": "each had research showing strong outcomes for children.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00517-00147585-00148085": "In fact, the literature review that Beth just described", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00518-00148087-00148314": "includes research from each of these states.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00519-00148507-00148785": "The preschool programs in the four states", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00520-00148785-00149114": "vary considerably in design and implementation,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00521-00149114-00149409": "with each following its own path to quality.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00522-00149409-00149771": "However, we did find commonalities across the states", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00523-00149771-00149983": "about what they were doing to bring", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00524-00149983-00150267": "that high-quality element to life", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00525-00150267-00150476": "in their preschool programs.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00526-00150476-00150717": "And these fall into five big areas.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00527-00150717-00151137": "One being keeping a laser-like focus on quality;", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00528-00151137-00151530": "they're paying attention to workforce development;", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00529-00151530-00151717": "coordination of programs;", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00530-00151717-00152009": "funding mechanisms; and programmatic support.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00531-00152243-00152661": "So one, each state has invested in strategies", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00532-00152661-00153029": "to improve the quality of its early education program.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00533-00153029-00153337": "They all developed robust program standards", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00534-00153337-00153685": "that reflect the elements of quality that I just described,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00535-00153685-00153964": "including everything from small class sizes,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00536-00153964-00154186": "an appropriate adult-to-child ratio,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00537-00154186-00154559": "to guidance for how educators interact with children.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00538-00154652-00154820": "These standards are reinforced", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00539-00154820-00155067": "through quality rating and improvement systems", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00540-00155067-00155424": "that both provide a basis for program accountability,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00541-00155424-00155681": "but importantly, they support program improvement", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00542-00155681-00155947": "through technical assistance, in-class coaching,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00543-00155947-00156174": "or financial incentives.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00544-00156174-00156493": "In Washington, Michigan, and North Carolina,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00545-00156493-00156747": "quality ratings are linked to program funding", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00546-00156747-00157060": "as a strategy to incentivize high-quality care.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00547-00157163-00157399": "And the states rely on local expertise", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00548-00157399-00157613": "to ensure program quality.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00549-00157613-00157958": "States can't operate early childhood systems on their own.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00550-00157958-00158186": "Administrators closer to the programs,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00551-00158186-00158490": "such as those in county offices of education,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00552-00158490-00158800": "have more capacity to manage and monitor programs,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00553-00158800-00159001": "and to address those regional needs.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00554-00159142-00159413": "All four states place heavy emphasis", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00555-00159413-00159655": "on the quality of preschool teachers.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00556-00159655-00159920": "They all require early teachers to have a degree", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00557-00159920-00160232": "with an emphasis in early childhood education,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00558-00160232-00160522": "child development, or a related field.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00559-00160522-00160803": "And as the states increased teacher requirements,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00560-00160803-00161161": "they gave teachers several years to meet new requirements,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00561-00161161-00161476": "while supporting the workforce in meeting the new bar.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00562-00161628-00161904": "The states make that training accessible", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00563-00161904-00162207": "by offering courses regionally or online,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00564-00162207-00162554": "which we saw in both West Virginia and Washington.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00565-00162554-00162834": "And they encourage teacher advancement", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00566-00162834-00163040": "through strategies such as scholarships", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00567-00163040-00163261": "and salary supplements.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00568-00163261-00163513": "North Carolina, for example, developed TEACH,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00569-00163513-00163808": "which awards scholarships for teacher education,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00570-00163808-00164137": "a program that now operates in 26 states.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00571-00164137-00164511": "It also developed WAGE$, which subsidizes teacher salaries", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00572-00164511-00164716": "based on their levels of education.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00573-00164801-00164997": "And the states provide on-site coaching", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00574-00164997-00165367": "to provide tailored support to the preschool teachers.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00575-00165367-00165694": "Michigan, for example, employs experienced,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00576-00165694-00165879": "master's degree-level coaches,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00577-00165879-00166166": "who support all preschool teaching teams in the state", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00578-00166166-00166296": "throughout the year.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00579-00166507-00166876": "Historically, pre-K has operated separately from K-12,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00580-00166876-00167184": "and even from birth-through-age-three in many states.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00581-00167184-00167381": "But these four states are at least beginning", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00582-00167381-00167681": "to work on creating aligned learning continuums", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00583-00167681-00167782": "for young children.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00584-00167902-00168087": "And as Beth mentioned earlier,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00585-00168087-00168326": "there is evidence to suggest that this alignment", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00586-00168326-00168582": "may be very important for sustaining", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00587-00168582-00168707": "the gains from preschool.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00588-00168841-00169048": "So one way that they have fostered alignment", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00589-00169048-00169354": "is by putting all children's services under one umbrella", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00590-00169354-00169461": "at the state level.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00591-00169545-00169830": "For example, Washington created the cabinet-level", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00592-00169830-00170046": "Department of Children, Youth, and Families,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00593-00170046-00170219": "which brings together early learning", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00594-00170219-00170600": "and child welfare programs under one roof.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00595-00170600-00170832": "And putting the programs together", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00596-00170832-00171055": "under a single administrative entity", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00597-00171055-00171310": "makes it possible to have a coherent vision", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00598-00171310-00171496": "and a coherent strategy", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00599-00171496-00171734": "for providing services to young children.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00600-00171862-00172106": "Another way that states are improving that coordination", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00601-00172106-00172580": "is by developing more robust early childhood data systems.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00602-00172580-00172907": "So West Virginia, for example, has created a data system", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00603-00172907-00173238": "that enables preschool and kindergarten educators", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00604-00173238-00173430": "to share relevant child data", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00605-00173430-00173653": "and to smooth those school transitions.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00606-00173761-00173961": "And the states are also improving coordination", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00607-00173961-00174176": "by aligning curriculum and assessments", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00608-00174176-00174408": "across the early learning grades.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00609-00174408-00174679": "So Washington uses the same child assessment tool", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00610-00174679-00174953": "for both preschool and kindergarten classrooms.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00611-00175044-00175489": "All four states rely on a combination of funding streams,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00612-00175489-00175674": "federal, state, and local,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00613-00175674-00175996": "to garner the funding necessary to expand access", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00614-00175996-00176290": "while supporting that important program quality.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00615-00176385-00176736": "All combine dedicated state dollars with federal funding", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00616-00176736-00177135": "from Head Start, Title I, or subsidized child care.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00617-00177135-00177359": "And they also leverage short-term funds", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00618-00177359-00177578": "to build necessary infrastructure", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00619-00177578-00177755": "to deliver high-quality programs.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00620-00177846-00178211": "So, for example, Michigan, Washington, and North Carolina", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00621-00178211-00178401": "all used federal Race to the Top", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00622-00178401-00178705": "Early Learning Challenge grants to build and improve", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00623-00178705-00178956": "their quality rating and improvement systems.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00624-00178956-00179265": "And private investments also can play an important role.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00625-00179265-00179472": "So Thrive Washington, for example,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00626-00179472-00179721": "is a public-private partnership that coordinates", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00627-00179721-00180003": "government agencies, businesses, and nonprofits", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00628-00180003-00180286": "across the state working on early learning.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00629-00180449-00180816": "So designing the high-quality programs we know is hard work.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00630-00180816-00181284": "But these states also all manage to build and maintain", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00631-00181284-00181537": "momentum for implementing them well.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00632-00181664-00181788": "So how do they do that?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00633-00181788-00182068": "Well one, they all have some broad-based coalitions", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00634-00182068-00182309": "that were working together with policy makers", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00635-00182309-00182689": "to promote high-quality accessible early education.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00636-00182689-00183035": "So in Michigan, business leaders supported preschool", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00637-00183035-00183264": "as an investment in a skilled workforce", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00638-00183264-00183612": "that would generate a positive return.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00639-00183612-00183916": "In North Carolina, prosecutors and police officers", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00640-00183916-00184201": "supported early education because they found evidence", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00641-00184201-00184386": "of long-term crime reduction.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00642-00184474-00184781": "And the states also built broad support by offering parents", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00643-00184781-00184951": "a choice of providers,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00644-00184951-00185280": "including public and private providers,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00645-00185280-00185438": "so that families can choose the setting", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00646-00185438-00185694": "they believe best meets the needs of their child.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00647-00185786-00186118": "In fact, in West Virginia, there's legislation that requires", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00648-00186118-00186347": "that at least half of the state preschool classrooms", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00649-00186347-00186667": "in each county be operated in partnership", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00650-00186667-00186865": "with Head Start or private childcare.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00651-00186984-00187240": "And having a political champion was key.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00652-00187240-00187491": "So that might be a governor, or legislators,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00653-00187491-00187663": "but in each state there was someone", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00654-00187663-00187958": "who made high-quality early education a priority.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00655-00187958-00188230": "And these folks represented both political parties,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00656-00188230-00188409": "even in the same state,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00657-00188409-00188736": "underscoring that early education is an issue", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00658-00188736-00188906": "where there is bipartisan support.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00659-00189128-00189388": "So I'm going to pause for a minute.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00660-00189388-00189674": "You've heard a lot from us this morning.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00661-00189674-00190077": "And that is the end of the presentation part", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00662-00190077-00190352": "of this webinar, and now we'd like to take a few minutes", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00663-00190352-00190731": "to answer your questions about this research.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00664-00190821-00191195": "And as you know, as part of the registration,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00665-00191195-00191334": "we received some questions,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00666-00191334-00191654": "you can post your questions in the chat.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00667-00191911-00192400": "So first up, we'll start with a question", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00668-00192400-00192533": "from Leila Sammander,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00669-00192533-00192886": "from the Council of Chief State School Officers,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00670-00192886-00193094": "and she asks,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00671-00193094-00193346": "How do you address the critics who poke", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00672-00193346-00193501": "at pre-K effectiveness,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00673-00193501-00193794": "regardless of how well it's implemented?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00674-00193882-00194094": "- [Beth] Yeah, so this is Beth Meloy.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00675-00194094-00194328": "Thank you for that question, Leila.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00676-00194328-00194786": "I think that, to a large extent, the brief and report", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00677-00194786-00195019": "and the presentation that you just heard", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00678-00195019-00195215": "is exactly how we respond to those", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00679-00195215-00195408": "who poke at preschool's effectiveness.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00680-00195500-00195785": "I think that you have to turn back to the evidence,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00681-00195785-00196035": "and the evidence is fairly clear", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00682-00196035-00196535": "that preschool programs, even when they vary widely,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00683-00196564-00196844": "actually, in some of those quality elements,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00684-00196844-00197147": "by and large prepare children for school.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00685-00197147-00197400": "And it's clearly possible", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00686-00197400-00197774": "that children can have the same benefits.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00687-00197774-00198131": "We saw that from our foundational programs,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00688-00198131-00198359": "but we see it from contemporary programs as well.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00689-00198359-00198632": "And when we start to hammer down and look at", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00690-00198632-00199021": "those individual programs, they do in fact implement", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00691-00199021-00199301": "their preschool programs with high quality,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00692-00199301-00199670": "they focus on supporting educators and paying them well.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00693-00199670-00200030": "And these really are the key factors, we believe,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00694-00200030-00200248": "in sustaining early childhood gains.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00695-00200467-00200674": "- [Marjorie] Maddie, do you have anything to add?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00696-00200844-00200982": "- [Madelyn] Thanks, Beth, and hi, everyone,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00697-00200982-00201234": "this is Maddie Gardner with LPI.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00698-00201234-00201473": "I think that is exactly right.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00699-00201473-00201685": "The only thing I would add, and this is sort of", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00700-00201685-00201870": "outside the scope of the report,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00701-00201870-00202101": "but we know that even beyond the literature", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00702-00202101-00202391": "that we looked at for this particular review,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00703-00202391-00202656": "there's a whole wealth of other resources", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00704-00202656-00203073": "and studies out there that reinforce some of these messages.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00705-00203073-00203273": "So this question of quality is also one", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00706-00203273-00203582": "that's been well-studied in, again, studies that aren't", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00707-00203582-00203806": "always necessarily contained in this report,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00708-00203806-00204116": "but that we'd be happy to help folks learn about", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00709-00204116-00204323": "and read if there is a question they're interested", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00710-00204323-00204516": "in diving more deeply into.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00711-00204674-00204926": "- [Marjorie] Alright, thank you.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00712-00204926-00205140": "I'm going to move on to the next question", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00713-00205140-00205384": "that we received from Tiffany Ferrette", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00714-00205384-00205817": "from the National Governors Association, and she asked,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00715-00205817-00206271": "What was the connection found, if any, to preschoolers", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00716-00206271-00206601": "who were enrolled in prenatal-to-age-three programs", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00717-00206601-00206894": "and services, such as Early Head Start,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00718-00206894-00207291": "compared to those non-enrolled counterparts,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00719-00207291-00207396": "in school readiness?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00720-00207396-00207628": "So what difference does that early--", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00721-00207628-00208108": "- [Beth] And that is also a really excellent question.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00722-00208108-00208608": "The experiences in very early learning opportunities", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00723-00208761-00209115": "was not something that was considered as part of the review.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00724-00209115-00209428": "But again, as Maddie mentioned, it is a well-studied,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00725-00209428-00209858": "though ripe for more research area.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00726-00209858-00210067": "We can see, for example, looking back", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00727-00210067-00210257": "at some of those foundational programs,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00728-00210257-00210544": "that investing in more than just one year of preschool,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00729-00210544-00211030": "investing either earlier on or into elementary school", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00730-00211030-00211530": "or both, really has the potential to compound the benefits", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00731-00211550-00211769": "of early education.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00732-00211769-00212245": "And we know from neurological, from neuroscience,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00733-00212330-00212830": "that so much of the brain's connections and early learning", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00734-00212898-00213256": "really sets the foundation for learning later in life,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00735-00213256-00213494": "in those first three years.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00736-00213494-00213731": "So, it makes sense that investing earlier", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00737-00213731-00214073": "does in fact lay the foundation,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00738-00214073-00214544": "and would propel children to benefit more", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00739-00214544-00214709": "from their preschool experiences.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00740-00214906-00215254": "- [Marjorie] Okay.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00741-00215254-00215380": "Thank you, Beth.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00742-00215380-00215602": "Another audience member asked,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00743-00215602-00215961": "How did you pick the studies to include in your review?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00744-00215961-00216232": "- [Beth] I'm going to pass that one to Maddie to answer.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00745-00216398-00216482": "- [Madelyn] Great!", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00746-00216482-00216581": "Yeah, it's a good question,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00747-00216581-00216806": "because I think as you and Linda both said", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00748-00216806-00217153": "that there are so many studies out there,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00749-00217153-00217404": "including programs like the ones", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00750-00217404-00217669": "you were just talking about that target kids", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00751-00217669-00217866": "before they enter preschool.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00752-00217866-00218116": "So I think there's a couple of things to note", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00753-00218116-00218282": "about the way that we sort of approached", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00754-00218282-00218494": "this particular review.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00755-00218494-00218752": "The first is that it's focused explicitly on evaluations", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00756-00218752-00218966": "of publicly funded preschool,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00757-00218966-00219292": "so we really were looking at evaluations of programs", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00758-00219292-00219473": "that are serving kids in that", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00759-00219473-00219717": "three- and four-year-old age range.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00760-00219717-00220006": "Most typically they were state-funded preschool programs,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00761-00220006-00220401": "so if you heard from that, Head Start was also included.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00762-00220401-00220619": "And we also only looked at studies", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00763-00220619-00220882": "that have been published since 2000.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00764-00220882-00220996": "Because there have been", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00765-00220996-00221203": "other great works done on this subject,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00766-00221203-00221476": "we were trying to take a more recent lens.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00767-00221476-00221825": "And among those that we looked at,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00768-00221825-00222030": "as Beth said, we also looked at sort of", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00769-00222030-00222319": "two different time horizons.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00770-00222319-00222552": "And we did that because we were trying", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00771-00222552-00222742": "to really achieve two things.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00772-00222742-00222929": "And the first was to capture", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00773-00222929-00223267": "sort of a sufficient cross section of literature", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00774-00223267-00223676": "to allow us to really understand some of the trends,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00775-00223676-00223840": "but at the same time balancing", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00776-00223840-00224083": "that we wanted to really include studies", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00777-00224083-00224390": "that use methods that are sort of widely regarded", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00778-00224390-00224707": "as credible for answering causal questions.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00779-00224707-00224891": "We know that so often with research,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00780-00224891-00225057": "the devil's really in the details", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00781-00225057-00225366": "about how the methodologies were implemented,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00782-00225366-00225637": "and that they can study quite a bit even if they use that", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00783-00225637-00225936": "sort of same broad methodological approach.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00784-00225936-00226180": "So we were trying to balance those two factors.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00785-00226180-00226519": "And what that led us to was that we started first", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00786-00226519-00226762": "looking at the literature", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00787-00226762-00227104": "just when kids had finished the program year for preschool.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00788-00227104-00227442": "So we called that sort of our short-term, or school entry,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00789-00227442-00227610": "part of the study.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00790-00227610-00228094": "And for that time horizon, we looked specifically at studies", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00791-00228094-00228535": "that used two pretty rigorous methodological approaches,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00792-00228535-00228823": "known as a regression discontinuity design,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00793-00228823-00229071": "and a randomized control trial.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00794-00229071-00229353": "And again, as Beth mentioned, we were in part", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00795-00229353-00229569": "able to do that because there were so many", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00796-00229569-00229792": "of these studies out there.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00797-00229792-00230103": "And then, when we looked into elementary and middle school,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00798-00230103-00230221": "there were fewer studies,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00799-00230221-00230491": "so we also included some other very rigorous methods,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00800-00230491-00230688": "things like natural experiments,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00801-00230688-00230901": "or well-constructed matching strategies", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00802-00230901-00231165": "that still included a comparison group,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00803-00231165-00231392": "to really give us that sufficient body of literature", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00804-00231392-00231529": "to draw some trends.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00805-00231529-00231809": "And this is something that we can obviously share", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00806-00231809-00231996": "some more information about if you're interested,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00807-00231996-00232235": "but also there is a full appendix", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00808-00232235-00232511": "in the full copy of the report that you got,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00809-00232511-00232713": "that shares a little bit more of our thinking", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00810-00232713-00232948": "about how we selected the studies for this review,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00811-00232948-00233238": "because we know there are so many great studies out there.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00812-00233379-00233523": "- [Beth] Yeah, and I think the only thing", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00813-00233523-00233816": "that I would add to that is that we do recognize", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00814-00233816-00234211": "and believe strongly that all of the evaluations", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00815-00234337-00234666": "of state preschool programs across the board", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00816-00234666-00235119": "add to this literature and reaffirm the findings", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00817-00235119-00235576": "that preschool is in fact an effective intervention", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00818-00235576-00235744": "for preparing kids for school", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00819-00235744-00235987": "and can have long-lasting benefits,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00820-00235987-00236262": "but that we were sort of able to narrow our focus", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00821-00236262-00236540": "and be all the more confident that the research", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00822-00236540-00236834": "we were including was rigorously controlled.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00823-00237148-00237263": "- [Marjorie] Thank you.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00824-00237388-00237877": "There's a question from Kristin Schumacher", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00825-00237877-00238135": "from the California Budget and Policy Center.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00826-00238135-00238357": "Kristin asks if we have any thoughts", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00827-00238357-00238636": "about the most recent research released", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00828-00238636-00238890": "on North Carolina's preschool program.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00829-00239013-00239315": "- [Beth] Yes, that is a great question, Kristin, thank you.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00830-00239315-00239815": "And it really highlights a phenomenon of this literature,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00831-00239898-00240292": "which is that it really is sort of growing rapidly,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00832-00240292-00240741": "and that the more we learn, the more confident we can be", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00833-00240741-00241241": "that preschool is in fact an effective program.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00834-00241369-00241584": "I think that North Carolina's program,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00835-00241584-00241935": "as Marjorie mentioned, is a high-quality program.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00836-00241935-00242352": "They've done a lot of work to ensure that that is the case.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00837-00242352-00242852": "And it is encouraging to find another evaluation", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00838-00242905-00243103": "of that program following children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00839-00243103-00243603": "longer into middle school is still finding lasting benefits.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00840-00243704-00244029": "And I think that it's just something to highlight that", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00841-00244029-00244371": "we sort of had to stop at some point", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00842-00244371-00244630": "in order to be able to get the report out the door.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00843-00244630-00245098": "And that there will continue to be additional studies", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00844-00245098-00245598": "that come out, both extending the purview of evaluations", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00845-00245721-00245859": "of programs that we included,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00846-00245859-00246119": "and potentially evaluating new programs.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00847-00246119-00246553": "And that, our goal, really one of our goals with this report", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00848-00246553-00246917": "was to really equip folks who may not be deep", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00849-00246917-00247417": "in the research with tools to take a look at evaluations", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00850-00247477-00247721": "like that new one from North Carolina,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00851-00247721-00248108": "and understand how it fits within the broader literature.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00852-00248388-00248557": "- [Madelyn] Thanks, Beth, and this is Maddie.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00853-00248557-00248813": "I would also just note, as Beth mentioned,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00854-00248813-00249128": "this study that Kristin asked about is so new,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00855-00249128-00249365": "it's not actually included in our report.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00856-00249365-00249564": "And for those of you who might be interested", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00857-00249564-00249748": "in taking a look at it,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00858-00249748-00250021": "the study is a working paper that was released", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00859-00250021-00250354": "by Kenneth Dodge, Sunny Ladd, Clara Muschkin,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00860-00250354-00250776": "and one of their other colleagues at Duke University.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00861-00250776-00251061": "And we'd be happy, if you want to follow up afterwards,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00862-00251061-00251289": "to direct you to the study if you're interested", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00863-00251289-00251391": "in taking a look.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00864-00251582-00251814": "- [Marjorie] Alright, thank you, Beth and Maddie.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00865-00251814-00251993": "Another colleague asked about", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00866-00251993-00252385": "the Head Start Impact Study and the Tennessee study,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00867-00252385-00252775": "right, these are studies known as the gold standard,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00868-00252775-00253035": "using randomized control trials.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00869-00253035-00253300": "Does that make those findings more credible", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00870-00253300-00253500": "than the other studies you talked about?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00871-00253696-00253901": "- [Beth] That is an excellent question as well,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00872-00253901-00254286": "and it's one of the reasons that we wrote the report", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00873-00254286-00254430": "in the first place,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00874-00254430-00254837": "which is just to help folks who may not be immersed", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00875-00254837-00255226": "in what a randomized control trial means,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00876-00255226-00255421": "and what it's trying to do,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00877-00255421-00255834": "which is to completely randomize the selection", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00878-00255834-00256123": "of children either to receive a program,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00879-00256123-00256314": "or not receive a program.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00880-00256455-00256629": "And it helps us understand that,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00881-00256629-00257077": "while that absolutely may be the gold standard,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00882-00257077-00257498": "that it's just really incredibly difficult", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00883-00257498-00257773": "to maintain in the real world.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00884-00257773-00258013": "And so the Head Start Impact Study", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00885-00258013-00258219": "is an excellent example of this,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00886-00258219-00258621": "where it was a randomized control trial,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00887-00258621-00258741": "and that is how it was implemented,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00888-00258741-00259044": "and so children were randomly selected from waiting lists,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00889-00259044-00259292": "either you can attend or you can't attend.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00890-00259292-00259671": "But what happened was that many of those children", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00891-00259671-00260148": "ended up then accessing a state preschool program,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00892-00260148-00260508": "or perhaps a high-quality childcare center,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00893-00260508-00260727": "and actually in some cases even ended up", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00894-00260727-00260996": "going to another Head Start program down the street", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00895-00260996-00261181": "that wasn't a part of the study.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00896-00261181-00261635": "And so, what that shows us is just the importance", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00897-00261635-00262135": "of this fight that ran my control trial mantle", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00898-00262211-00262650": "of really looking at the alternatives available to children,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00899-00262650-00262862": "because when you look at the alternatives,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00900-00262862-00263090": "the alternative early learning opportunities", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00901-00263090-00263216": "available to children,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00902-00263216-00263407": "you can answer two questions.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00903-00263407-00263559": "The first one that you can answer,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00904-00263559-00263947": "is you can answer sort of holistically by implementing", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00905-00263947-00264156": "a Head Start program in this community,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00906-00264156-00264490": "what was the impact on children's outcomes?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00907-00264490-00264752": "But then, if you consider the alternative,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00908-00264752-00265102": "you can also estimate and understand", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00909-00265102-00265349": "the impact of making that program available", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00910-00265349-00265594": "for children who either don't have the means", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00911-00265594-00265891": "or the motivation to access other programs.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00912-00265891-00266155": "And we know in this country, and in many states,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00913-00266155-00266472": "we're far from achieving universal access", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00914-00266472-00266728": "to high-quality preschool across the board.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00915-00266728-00266983": "And so we know that there are some children,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00916-00266983-00267362": "especially perhaps low-income or middle-income children,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00917-00267362-00267618": "who really do not have access", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00918-00267618-00267792": "to high-quality preschool programs,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00919-00267792-00267953": "and so it's important to understand", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00920-00267953-00268367": "not just the impact across the board,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00921-00268367-00268607": "but the impact for those children in particular.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00922-00268780-00268909": "Maddie, anything to add?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00923-00269432-00269715": "- [Madelyn] No, I think that covers it, Beth, thanks.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00924-00269715-00270062": "- [Marjorie] Okay, there was a question", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00925-00270062-00270528": "from Yasmin Grewal-Kök from Early Edge California", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00926-00270528-00270725": "about workforce issues.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00927-00270725-00270881": "And she asked if we could say a bit more", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00928-00270881-00271243": "about the workforce supports that are offered", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00929-00271243-00271526": "in the four states that we discussed.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00930-00271642-00272142": "So, absolutely, let me start off by saying,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00931-00272420-00272781": "there's great detail in the report", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00932-00272781-00273083": "called On the Road to High-Quality Early Education,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00933-00273083-00273546": "on our website, which has also been published.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00934-00273647-00273871": "But I want to start with,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00935-00273871-00274272": "in all of these states, they really focused on", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00936-00274272-00274770": "building up the skills and the knowledge of the teachers,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00937-00274770-00275017": "and really making sure that their teachers", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00938-00275017-00275419": "or their lead teachers had specialized training,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00939-00275419-00275805": "as I said, in child development", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00940-00275805-00276097": "and teaching and learning of young children.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00941-00276097-00276458": "And the community and four-year colleges", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00942-00276458-00276798": "were a critical link in both preparation", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00943-00276798-00277011": "and professional development programs, right?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00944-00277011-00277511": "And so working with the higher education system", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00945-00277658-00277928": "was really important in terms of making sure", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00946-00277928-00278189": "that the teachers had", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00947-00278189-00278435": "that specialized knowledge that they need,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00948-00278626-00278982": "and making sure that that preparation was high-quality,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00949-00278982-00279265": "that there was, in that training,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00950-00279265-00279605": "that there was carefully linked coursework", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00951-00279605-00279742": "and clinical training.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00952-00279928-00280211": "And so that's something to pay attention to.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00953-00280302-00280391": "And as I said,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00954-00280391-00280868": "you can't just all of the sudden overnight require teachers,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00955-00280868-00281022": "lead teachers have a bachelor's degree,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00956-00281022-00281313": "you actually need to provide the infrastructure", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00957-00281313-00281649": "for them to be able to understand what's needed,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00958-00281649-00281912": "to have access to those programs,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00959-00281912-00282163": "and time, because many of these,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00960-00282163-00282616": "the current workforce are working,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00961-00282616-00282768": "and so they need time", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00962-00282768-00283123": "to actually increase their knowledge and skills.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00963-00283241-00283631": "There's also a big emphasis on providing supports", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00964-00283631-00284129": "in the classroom, so not just that outside education,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00965-00284129-00284505": "or the degrees or certifications that they need.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00966-00284505-00284658": "And I think Michigan had", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00967-00284658-00285082": "one of the strongest coaching programs that we saw,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00968-00285082-00285338": "where there were what they called", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00969-00285338-00285597": "early childhood specialists, and these were all", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00970-00285597-00286097": "experienced early educators, they all had master's degrees.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00971-00286123-00286486": "And really their full-time job was to go in and work", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00972-00286486-00286986": "with teaching teams, do observations of their classrooms,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00973-00287096-00287317": "and work with them formatively", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00974-00287613-00287888": "to emphasize the things that they were doing wonderful,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00975-00288078-00288578": "to have suggestions on ways to improve their interactions", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00976-00288579-00288848": "with young children.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00977-00288848-00289034": "In the state of Washington,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00978-00289034-00289388": "was interesting because it offered that on-site support,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00979-00289388-00289625": "both to their preschool teachers", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00980-00289625-00289877": "and to their childcare providers,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00981-00289877-00290180": "through their quality rating and improvement system.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00982-00290180-00290663": "But it's that in-classroom tailored support", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00983-00290754-00290983": "that is very beneficial", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00984-00290983-00291317": "to new and experienced early educators.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00985-00291555-00291795": "I don't know, Maddie might want to give the example,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00986-00291795-00292113": "talk about the apprenticeship program in West Virginia.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00987-00292253-00292405": "- [Madelyn] Absolutely.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00988-00292405-00292643": "So West Virginia has an interesting approach", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00989-00292643-00293092": "that they sort of pioneered actually almost 20 years ago,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00990-00293092-00293267": "and it's a registered apprenticeship", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00991-00293267-00293445": "with the Department of Labor,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00992-00293445-00293812": "wherein folks who are already working in childcare settings", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00993-00293812-00294246": "around the state are able to attend college classes,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00994-00294246-00294430": "often at brick and mortar institutions,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00995-00294430-00294741": "but they also have online options in a nod", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00996-00294741-00294909": "to the very rural context in which", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00997-00294909-00295095": "some of their providers work.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00998-00295095-00295449": "And they take this four-semester course sequence", "ckW0DL5qMC4-00999-00295449-00295729": "that allows them at the end", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01000-00295729-00296039": "to basically get the state credentials that they would need", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01001-00296039-00296201": "to be an assistant teacher", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01002-00296201-00296426": "in one of their state's pre-K classrooms.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01003-00296426-00296785": "And it also has built in a small sort of bonus or raise", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01004-00296785-00297150": "at the end, which doesn't get entirely at this question", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01005-00297150-00297535": "of compensation, but I think at least acknowledges", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01006-00297535-00297858": "the need to consider boosting compensation", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01007-00297858-00298148": "if you also ask for greater credentialing", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01008-00298148-00298552": "or degree attainment on behalf of your workforce.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01009-00298552-00298713": "I also think a theme that I would", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01010-00298713-00298964": "just draw out of your comments, Marjorie,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01011-00298964-00299316": "is realizing that really these states are all examples", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01012-00299316-00299609": "of places that have been able to make really multi-faceted", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01013-00299609-00299780": "investments in the workforce.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01014-00299878-00300103": "It's obviously a very sort of challenging", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01015-00300103-00300387": "and complex landscape of looking at", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01016-00300387-00300622": "our early educator workforce and trying to make sure", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01017-00300622-00300811": "that their needs are met,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01018-00300811-00301075": "and that they sort of possess the skills and competencies", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01019-00301075-00301310": "that we would like to provide high-quality care,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01020-00301310-00301533": "and these are great examples of places that have,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01021-00301533-00301809": "again, been very intentional and over time", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01022-00301809-00302067": "been able to build those systems,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01023-00302067-00302224": "to really support their workforce.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01024-00302224-00302482": "And I would note that this report was published,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01025-00302482-00302704": "but again, the work hasn't ended in these states,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01026-00302704-00302885": "and they're all continuing", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01027-00302885-00303132": "to think about ways to better support their workforce", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01028-00303132-00303283": "as they move forward, as well.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01029-00303376-00303633": "- [Marjorie] Alright, thank you, Maddie.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01030-00303633-00303855": "I'm going to go on to the next question,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01031-00303855-00304045": "from Matthew Weyer, who asks,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01032-00304045-00304432": "Is there much research or evaluation on K-3 programs", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01033-00304432-00304779": "and practices for sustaining the pre-K gains?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01034-00304779-00305238": "And how can policy makers work within the K-12 system?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01035-00305338-00305587": "- [Beth] So that is an excellent question,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01036-00305587-00306019": "and I think the answer is that there is ample research", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01037-00306019-00306342": "on the programs and practices that support", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01038-00306342-00306544": "high-quality early instruction", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01039-00306544-00306744": "from kindergarten into third grade.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01040-00306744-00307179": "There's also a revitalized movement", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01041-00307179-00307580": "to emphasize social-emotional development in particular", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01042-00307580-00307937": "in those early years and really throughout school.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01043-00307937-00308256": "And that I think is one place in particular", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01044-00308256-00308508": "where the connection and alignment between", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01045-00308508-00308842": "early instruction and preschool programs,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01046-00308842-00309034": "and instruction in early elementary school,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01047-00309034-00309534": "can really be strengthened, and potentially help to", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01048-00309574-00310074": "really carry over the benefits of preschool", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01049-00310106-00310503": "into early elementary school and build upon them.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01050-00310503-00310724": "Maddie, I wondered if you might want to", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01051-00310724-00311141": "also talk just briefly about the role", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01052-00311141-00311368": "of professional development and what we know", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01053-00311368-00311682": "about professional development in K through third grade,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01054-00311682-00312000": "as well as the role of principals and other school leaders?", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01055-00312282-00312494": "- [Madelyn] Yeah, of course, Beth, there's a couple things", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01056-00312494-00312636": "actually I'd love to pick up on.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01057-00312636-00312820": "So I think you're exactly right that", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01058-00312820-00313107": "professional development is an area where", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01059-00313107-00313412": "lots of states are thinking about taking action", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01060-00313412-00313607": "to help sort of reinforce this alignment,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01061-00313607-00313775": "or create some alignment", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01062-00313775-00314260": "between their early learning programs and the K-3 continuum.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01063-00314260-00314506": "We see, for example, in state access plans,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01064-00314506-00314853": "a number of states have put at least a placeholder", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01065-00314853-00314979": "for thinking about this kind of", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01066-00314979-00315179": "joint professional development,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01067-00315179-00315458": "that can help, not only educators,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01068-00315458-00315607": "teachers who are in the classroom,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01069-00315607-00315941": "but also school leaders, and center directors,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01070-00315941-00316167": "folks who are really leading these programs,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01071-00316167-00316658": "to begin to deepen their understanding not only of what", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01072-00316658-00316904": "strong instruction looks like in elementary school,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01073-00316904-00316987": "but also what it might look like", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01074-00316987-00317149": "in the early learning grades,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01075-00317149-00317462": "and being able to really build those bridges.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01076-00317462-00317729": "LPI, we did some research in California, for example,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01077-00317729-00317996": "and we saw some very interesting examples", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01078-00317996-00318293": "of this, the Sobrato early in academic language,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01079-00318293-00318705": "the SEAL program, was one example where there was", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01080-00318705-00318841": "an effort over the summer", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01081-00318841-00319152": "to have preschool teachers in a district", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01082-00319152-00319372": "and kindergarten teachers in that same district", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01083-00319372-00319649": "engaged in some joint professional development", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01084-00319649-00319962": "to help strengthen their skills around strategies", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01085-00319962-00320240": "to support multi-language learners,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01086-00320240-00320430": "English-language learners.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01087-00320430-00320663": "So I think we definitely are seeing some exciting work", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01088-00320663-00320822": "in the states there.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01089-00320822-00321144": "I would also mention an example from West Virginia,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01090-00321144-00321602": "in thinking about this sort of pre-K onward alignment,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01091-00321602-00321927": "we saw some very interesting work going on there.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01092-00321927-00322183": "They actually created an office of early learning", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01093-00322183-00322439": "that oversees not only their universal pre-K program,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01094-00322439-00322612": "but also their elementary grades", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01095-00322612-00322813": "all the way up through grade five.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01096-00322813-00323205": "And they've done a lot of thoughtful alignment", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01097-00323205-00323407": "of their standards,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01098-00323407-00323746": "not only in academic subjects, but also thinking about", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01099-00323746-00323914": "sort of holistic child development,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01100-00323914-00324135": "social-emotional learning,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01101-00324135-00324406": "and how they can have standards for those", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01102-00324406-00324600": "that are not only applicable to pre-K,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01103-00324600-00324988": "but also are aligned all the way into their K-12 system.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01104-00324988-00325227": "So lots of really great examples, I think,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01105-00325227-00325441": "but I'm sure folks on the line,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01106-00325441-00325723": "either in their own states or in states that they work with,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01107-00325723-00325908": "could also give us some great examples", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01108-00325908-00326214": "of how they're leveraging the K-12 system", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01109-00326214-00326404": "and professional development for their teachers", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01110-00326404-00326716": "to help strengthen those bridges between", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01111-00326716-00326992": "their early childhood system and their K-12 system.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01112-00327137-00327280": "- [Marjorie] Okay.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01113-00327280-00327479": "Well, thank you so much, Maddie,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01114-00327479-00327619": "thank you so much, Beth.", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01115-00327619-00327979": "We've come to the end of our time today,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01116-00327979-00328184": "and want to thank you for your thoughtful questions,", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01117-00328184-00328544": "and we really look forward to additional conversation", "ckW0DL5qMC4-01118-00328544-00328755": "about this report in the coming days."}}, {"audio_id": "ckWkUYNdb8I", "text": {"ckWkUYNdb8I-00000-00000735-00001265": "One of my favorite things about having my own channel is I get to talk about whatever", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00001-00001266-00001814": "I want on my channel. So this week, I'm gonna talk about something I love and that is", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00002-00001966-00002166": "animals and dogs.", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00003-00002281-00002894": "So I know a lot of people love animals and dogs so for...", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00004-00002974-00003602": "I would like to know if you want to let me know in the comments section of this video what your favorite animal is. Do you", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00005-00003603-00003765": "have a favorite animal?", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00006-00003765-00003993": "Tell me a little bit about that in the comments of this video,", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00007-00003993-00004457": "and maybe I'll pick a comment or two to read off in a future video?", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00008-00004510-00005028": "That sounds good, and if you're interested in hearing me talk about animals and dogs, stay tuned!", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00009-00005191-00005504": "I've always loved animals. I", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00010-00005593-00005793": "remember going to the park and", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00011-00005844-00006272": "wanting all the animals to be my friends. I wanted the ducks to be my friends,", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00012-00006273-00006830": "I wanted the squirrels to be my friend. I always wanted to have food with me so I could like lure", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00013-00006886-00007211": "animals in closer to me, especially wild animals.", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00014-00007211-00007625": "I just always want to make animals that are afraid of me", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00015-00007625-00007773": "not afraid of me.", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00016-00007773-00008433": "My great grandmother had this really shy cat and my grandmother had a shy cat as well, and", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00017-00008475-00009116": "I remember just wanting to get as close to that... both of those really shy cats as possible.", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00018-00009117-00009465": "And it was like one of my life goals when I was like a toddler to", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00019-00009559-00010115": "touch the shy cat, and so I spent a lot of time like lying on my belly like with my hands", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00020-00010140-00010715": "stretched out in front of me, coaxing the kitty near me with not a lot of success honestly.", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00021-00010759-00011124": "But I've always had that obsession of wanting to", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00022-00011275-00011798": "be friends with every animal I meet. Fortunately, unlike the shy cats,", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00023-00011938-00012204": "most dogs like me which is great.", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00024-00012313-00012414": "I've", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00025-00012414-00012911": "always been able to look at animals and understand their body language fairly easily.", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00026-00012912-00013313": "I can tell how an animal is feeling-- if it's relaxed or", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00027-00013393-00013611": "if it's scared or", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00028-00013681-00013881": "agitated based on looking at it.", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00029-00013972-00014210": "Rocky's really chill behind me.", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00030-00014380-00014591": "And yeah, that's just always this skill", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00031-00014591-00015173": "I've had is and I've always wanted to understand animals, and you know if there was like a real life Dr. Doolittle,", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00032-00015173-00015713": "if that was possible, where you could literally like know what animals are thinking and speaking... I guess that would be my dream", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00033-00015838-00016433": "superpower to have. That would be amazing, but I feel like the abilities that I have naturally", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00034-00016551-00017261": "to understand animals are actually pretty amazing and probably the closest realistic", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00035-00017350-00017772": "thing to a superpower that anyone can get, so I'm really grateful for that.", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00036-00017772-00018366": "I've trained a cat to do like tricks and shake and sit and jump over things.", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00037-00018379-00018744": "I've trained a duck at the park not to bite me.", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00038-00018922-00019325": "I'm always coaxing like squirrels-- I want squirrels to get close to me", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00039-00019398-00019598": "when they're around and", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00040-00019642-00020222": "birds and things. I don't know! It's just something random about me. So anyway,", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00041-00020329-00021042": "yeah, that's my video this week, guys. I will talk to you next week, and I hope to hear about your favorite animals.", "ckWkUYNdb8I-00042-00021063-00021263": "Bye guys!"}}, {"audio_id": "ckZwnMAx5kY", "text": {"ckZwnMAx5kY-00000-00000000-00000200": "MR PARK Korean BBQ - Kelapa Gading"}}, {"audio_id": "cl8W2KgKNxg", "text": {"cl8W2KgKNxg-00000-00000000-00000184": "Dimension mismatch error.", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00001-00000240-00000576": "So sometimes, linear regression is one example where it shows up,", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00002-00000576-00000744": "but you might have seen other times.", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00003-00000744-00000903": "Anytime it's the same fix.", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00004-00000984-00001128": "So I'm going to go to STAT and I'm going to go", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00005-00001128-00001248": "down to linear regression", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00006-00001304-00001520": "or whatever method, whatever you were doing.", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00007-00001520-00001655": "It'll be the same fix anyway,", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00008-00001752-00002023": "and then we'll just tell it L1 comma L2", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00009-00002152-00002296": "Or if you have the other menus,", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00010-00002296-00002568": "L1 for the First Choice L2 for the second choice,", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00011-00002624-00003024": "I hit enter and we get this message DIM MISMATCH.", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00012-00003024-00003168": "So you're going to enter at QUIT.", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00013-00003168-00003296": "But if you actually scroll down 2", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00014-00003296-00003615": "to it often gives you a hint where the error is.", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00015-00003615-00003904": "So I'm going to go to to you can hit 2 or hit enter it 2.", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00016-00004056-00004384": "And it's telling me it doesn't like L2.", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00017-00004560-00004864": "So we're going to go look at our list. STAT.", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00018-00004976-00005256": "I gotta quit first so we'll go to STAT", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00019-00005368-00005504": "and we'll look at our list EDIT.", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00020-00005568-00005968": "And so I look at L2 compared to l 1 and I noticed they're uneven", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00021-00006056-00006320": "so I'm going to go back to my piece of paper with my table", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00022-00006320-00006552": "and I notice oh the last data value was 10", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00023-00006640-00006792": "and now my lists are even", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00024-00006792-00007040": "so the uneven list is what's telling it MISMATCH.", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00025-00007136-00007295": "So let's try regression one more time.", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00026-00007431-00007520": "STAT, CALC,", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00027-00008056-00008632": "ENTER, 2ND L1 comma L2 , ENTER", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00028-00008720-00008872": "and it did regression this time.", "cl8W2KgKNxg-00029-00008872-00009320": "So the error was just that the lists were uneven."}}, {"audio_id": "clh0UVVuVJ0", "text": {"clh0UVVuVJ0-00000-00000046-00000246": "[Music]", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00001-00000776-00001216": "Hello, my name is Roger Kwok and I teach Chemistry and Physics here at Leeward Community College. So,", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00002-00001216-00001655": "today Iʻm going to go ahead and use the concept of atmospheric pressure to kind of show you a magic", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00003-00001655-00002032": "trick that you can now use to wow and entertain your family and friends. Okay, let me kind of show", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00004-00002032-00002384": "you what it looks like first. All you have to do is have a bucket of water, okay, and then in here", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00005-00002384-00002848": "I have a bottle that I will go ahead and bring up like this. And now notice that the water, okay, that", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00006-00002848-00003215": "is in there, I used a little bit of yellow to help see it a little bit better. I'm going to", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00007-00003215-00003744": "take this and turn it upside down. Okay so now, I have the water in the upside down container,", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00008-00003744-00004408": "and when I move my hand away, voila, the water is stuck in the bottle. So what's happening, as it", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00009-00004408-00004792": "turns out, it's because of the fact that I have a film down here. A piece of plastic down here", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00010-00004792-00004842": "that's holding the water out, so that seems like it's pretty impossible, right? As it turns out, itʻs", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00011-00004842-00005648": "not, it's due to atmospheric pressure. So the air pushing underneath is actually helped to support", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00012-00005648-00006128": "the plastic film that's now holding up the column of water. And if I were to use just the", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00013-00006128-00006623": "atmosphere I can actually hold a column of water that's about 10 meters or 34 feet tall. So this", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00014-00006623-00007152": "is not surprising, it's able to hold this. But if I remove the support let's see what happens. Oh, all", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00015-00007152-00007576": "the water comes crashing up. Okay, from crashing out. So let's try that again, and see what happens. Okay,", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00016-00007576-00008016": "so what if I were to do this again and see what happens? Okay, so again I have the water here. Okay,", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00017-00008016-00008544": "in the jar. We're going to turn it upside down. Again, we know that it is because of atmospheric", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00018-00008544-00008944": "pressure that's itʻs holding in there, so no big deal. Notice what happens when I remove the film.", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00019-00009184-00009536": "What's holding the water in the jar now? As it turns out, I can now", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00020-00009536-00010032": "cause the water to come up on command. Come on out. Come on out.", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00021-00010168-00010576": "And so, as it turns out that's pretty interesting. So what's holding it on there? As it turns out, it has", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00022-00010576-00011032": "to do with not only amazing pressure, but also with something called surface tension, where the water", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00023-00011032-00011392": "particles have a tendency to grapple with each other. So the way you would do this trick is you", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00024-00011392-00011912": "actually have a bottle that has the plastic cap with the hole cut into the cap itself, like this.", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00025-00011912-00012312": "This is the first one. As it turns out, the second one is actually a separate bottle that's a little", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00026-00012312-00012768": "bit different. Okay, so this one's really easy to perform. You fill it up with water, okay, and", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00027-00012768-00013256": "then basically you put some sort of plastic sheet. We can even use cardboard, for example.", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00028-00013256-00013712": "The cardboard piece there, cardboard of course is going to be one use only. So we can now take", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00029-00013712-00014112": "your hand away and it will hold that water in place. Now, of course it could be good to have", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00030-00014112-00014519": "some paper towel around, just so that you can clean up the mess that you're making. The other one is", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00031-00014519-00014928": "a bottle that looks like this. There's still a cap with a hole cut, but this time now, there's", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00032-00014928-00015447": "actually a screen, okay, inside of there. So, this is one of those wire screws you see on screen doors.", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00033-00015447-00015840": "Now don't go cutting a hole in your screen door to make this, okay? Make sure you have your", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00034-00015840-00016272": "parents help you. Let me get a spare sheet somewhere to do this with. And then just", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00035-00016272-00016696": "slide it in there, and just cap it with this. So what happened in this case, now is when you turn", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00036-00016696-00017200": "it upside down, okay, what is happening is that the screen wire is actually holding on to the", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00037-00017200-00017600": "the water itself and helping the surface tension to hold the water in place", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00038-00017600-00018000": "by tipping it. You're not allowing it to kind of cut through some of that grip that it has", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00039-00018000-00018472": "and allow the water to come tumbling down on command. Okay, so hopefully practice doing this", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00040-00018472-00018888": "and you'll be able to wow your friends and family with this magic trick, using atmospheric pressure.", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00041-00018888-00019493": "So, hope you enjoyed it, okay. Be sure to check out our other videos as well. Thank you!", "clh0UVVuVJ0-00042-00019493-00019713": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "cli41D_Z_ac", "text": {"cli41D_Z_ac-00000-00000096-00000367": "WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE, I'M PETTY OFFICER IAN COTTER.", "cli41D_Z_ac-00001-00000392-00000638": "THESE ARE YOUR HEADLINES FROM AROUND THE FLEET.", "cli41D_Z_ac-00002-00000639-00001168": "USS PELELIU RETURNED TO NAVAL BASE SAN DIEGO DECEMBER 24TH AFTER A SIX-MONTH DEPLOYMENT", "cli41D_Z_ac-00003-00001168-00001601": "TO THE WESTERN PACIFIC, MARKING THE SHIP'S FINAL DEPLOYMENT BEFORE DECOMMISSIONING.", "cli41D_Z_ac-00004-00001601-00002149": "WHILE AT SEA, THE SHIP'S CREW PARTICIPATED IN RIM OF THE PACIFIC OR RIMPAC 2014 AND CONDUCTED", "cli41D_Z_ac-00005-00002149-00002582": "SECURITY AND STABILITY OPERATIONS IN THE INDO-ASIA-PACIFIC REGION.", "cli41D_Z_ac-00006-00002582-00003056": "PELELIU SERVED THE FLEET FOR 34 YEARS AND IS THE LAST REMAINING TARAWA-CLASS AMPHIBIOUS", "cli41D_Z_ac-00007-00003056-00003202": "ASSAULT SHIP.", "cli41D_Z_ac-00008-00003211-00003410": "FINDING A HOME JUST GOT EASIER.", "cli41D_Z_ac-00009-00003410-00003954": "THE NEW DOD WEBSITE, HOMES.MIL ALLOWS PROPERTY MANAGERS TO MARKET PROPERTIES NEAR MILITARY", "cli41D_Z_ac-00010-00003954-00004082": "INSTALLATIONS.", "cli41D_Z_ac-00011-00004082-00004529": "THE SITE IS ALSO LINKED TO THE HOUSING SERVICE CENTER'S MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE, ALLOWING A MORE", "cli41D_Z_ac-00012-00004529-00004875": "STREAMLINED PROCESS FOR SERVICE MEMBERS AND DOD CIVILIANS.", "cli41D_Z_ac-00013-00004875-00005161": "FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THEIR WEBSITE."}}, {"audio_id": "cljYV2q8yWU", "text": {"cljYV2q8yWU-00000-00000044-00001417": "oh that's nice seamless artificial harmonics that run that just added man crazy man crazy", "cljYV2q8yWU-00001-00001417-00002075": "it's just", "cljYV2q8yWU-00002-00002075-00002405": "[Music]", "cljYV2q8yWU-00003-00002405-00003284": "[Music] hi guys Yuri here again welcome to YB plays music welcome to the year 2023 guys", "cljYV2q8yWU-00004-00003284-00003920": "we made it and we also made it to 50K Subs before the end of 2022 which I'm very excited", "cljYV2q8yWU-00005-00003920-00004534": "about uh and the first reaction that I'm doing on YouTube this year is one from Alip Ba Ta", "cljYV2q8yWU-00006-00004534-00005264": "and this is on the floor this is a cover from uh originally uh Jennifer Lopez and this has", "cljYV2q8yWU-00007-00005264-00005723": "been suggested since the first video probably from Alip Ba Ta since I've done so I'm pretty", "cljYV2q8yWU-00008-00005723-00006334": "curious how he will do this one it's a it's not a new one but we'll see guys before we", "cljYV2q8yWU-00009-00006334-00006973": "start I said like this is the first reaction on YouTube but very recently I also made a", "cljYV2q8yWU-00010-00006973-00007695": "Patreon account and what I'm gonna post on there are documentaries about artists movies", "cljYV2q8yWU-00011-00007695-00008311": "about artists full concerts shows or videos that get blocked over here on YouTube or that", "cljYV2q8yWU-00012-00008311-00009113": "have video uh copyrights um that way I can post them there uh uninterrupted non-restricted", "cljYV2q8yWU-00013-00009113-00009768": "and without any of the filters let's say now with a leap I mostly don't have that many", "cljYV2q8yWU-00014-00009768-00010361": "issues when it comes to video copyrights or blocks on the video so probably not necessary", "cljYV2q8yWU-00015-00010361-00010846": "in his case but you never know uh guys before we start the reaction I don't know if you've", "cljYV2q8yWU-00016-00010846-00011757": "seen my video about the new guitar that I got from Journey instruments let me show you", "cljYV2q8yWU-00017-00011757-00012534": "it is a beauty but I got this guitar from them this is actually a foldable guitar and", "cljYV2q8yWU-00018-00012534-00012988": "you wouldn't say it because it looks it looks pretty much like a normal electric guitar", "cljYV2q8yWU-00019-00012988-00013644": "right but on the back here there's uh not that I can turn and we can separate the arm", "cljYV2q8yWU-00020-00013644-00014219": "from the body they send me this and if you use the link in the description down below", "cljYV2q8yWU-00021-00014219-00014908": "um you just help me out with a little bit uh but since like alibata had a new electric", "cljYV2q8yWU-00022-00014908-00015543": "guitar I might as well show mine as well now the thing is when I travel I'd like to take", "cljYV2q8yWU-00023-00015543-00016195": "a guitar with me but a guitar is not really compact right um so what this company does", "cljYV2q8yWU-00024-00016195-00016751": "is they make foldable guitars them first made acoustic semi-acoustic and classical guitars", "cljYV2q8yWU-00025-00016751-00017610": "but now they also have done electric foldable guitars which is super awesome so when I separate", "cljYV2q8yWU-00026-00017610-00018376": "the arm from the body we can just put this away like that in a special backpack that", "cljYV2q8yWU-00027-00018376-00018926": "comes with the guitar actually so it's a very nice package and it sounds super good if you", "cljYV2q8yWU-00028-00018926-00019328": "want to know how it sounds for a little bit you can check out the video where I put this", "cljYV2q8yWU-00029-00019328-00019845": "together where I unbox it and just react to it the first time which was awesome and it", "cljYV2q8yWU-00030-00019845-00020381": "sounded very good and what for what it does is actually not that pricey I think in Euros", "cljYV2q8yWU-00031-00020381-00021127": "it's like 500 euros it's pretty similar in American dollar uh I think it's 500 or 500", "cljYV2q8yWU-00032-00021127-00021518": "euros I don't remember but it's something like that I don't know any other currencies", "cljYV2q8yWU-00033-00021518-00021951": "how it's there but if you want a guitar like this too please use the affiliate Link in", "cljYV2q8yWU-00034-00021951-00022909": "the description down below that's it guys we're going to react to alibata of course", "cljYV2q8yWU-00035-00022909-00023178": "okay", "cljYV2q8yWU-00036-00023178-00024565": "good let's check it out aleppers let's go", "cljYV2q8yWU-00037-00024565-00025377": "oh that's nice okay I want to hear that again I actually it's been a while since I've heard", "cljYV2q8yWU-00038-00025377-00026135": "that song but he starts right away with the melody of the of the chorus get your body", "cljYV2q8yWU-00039-00026135-00026335": "moving on the floor something like that", "cljYV2q8yWU-00040-00026335-00027593": "[Applause] [Music]", "cljYV2q8yWU-00041-00027593-00028222": "see that", "cljYV2q8yWU-00042-00028222-00028905": "just hammering on right that's there's a lot of power on the fingers and like I said in", "cljYV2q8yWU-00043-00028905-00029617": "the video that I made on how he records his videos and edits it um the volume is very", "cljYV2q8yWU-00044-00029617-00030320": "high so that's also partially why we hear it so good but even then his technique is", "cljYV2q8yWU-00045-00030320-00032563": "flawless [Music]", "cljYV2q8yWU-00046-00032563-00033102": "artificial harmonics", "cljYV2q8yWU-00047-00033102-00033719": "guys so already a lot going on here so like I said we see these harmonics artificial harmonics", "cljYV2q8yWU-00048-00033719-00034226": "we see the hammer technique hammer on technique pull-off Technique we also see and this is", "cljYV2q8yWU-00049-00034226-00035013": "not something that I have talked about before but when you end a run on the guitar on a", "cljYV2q8yWU-00050-00035013-00035810": "certain note it always just puts the icing on the cake when it's with a little vibrato", "cljYV2q8yWU-00051-00035810-00036644": "there um a little vibration there just makes it so smooth um and that's what we hear at", "cljYV2q8yWU-00052-00036644-00036799": "a certain point as well let's listen", "cljYV2q8yWU-00053-00036799-00037538": "here here", "cljYV2q8yWU-00054-00037538-00038190": "that last note let's check that again after this run that he goes to the upper string", "cljYV2q8yWU-00055-00038190-00039337": "yeah right there [Music]", "cljYV2q8yWU-00056-00039337-00039624": "[Music]", "cljYV2q8yWU-00057-00039624-00040974": "[Applause] [Music] [Applause] man to be so precise with his right hand like tapping to", "cljYV2q8yWU-00058-00040974-00041547": "give some percussion give a beat and in between just doing these harmonics artificial harmonics", "cljYV2q8yWU-00059-00041547-00042301": "uh perhaps I think uh with his right hand as well in between just you would think that", "cljYV2q8yWU-00060-00042301-00042931": "he would just miss a note sometimes right but he doesn't I mean I think there was one", "cljYV2q8yWU-00061-00042931-00043527": "note that wasn't too uh clean I think but doesn't mean he didn't got it um and I'm not", "cljYV2q8yWU-00062-00043527-00043983": "sure either but these artificial harmonics these harmonics that he does with his right", "cljYV2q8yWU-00063-00043983-00044746": "hand in between the tapping flawless flawless [Music]", "cljYV2q8yWU-00064-00044746-00045968": "[Applause] foreign [Applause]", "cljYV2q8yWU-00065-00045968-00046375": "[Music]", "cljYV2q8yWU-00066-00046375-00048410": "[Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music]", "cljYV2q8yWU-00067-00048410-00049888": "foreign [Music] I don't remember those runs being in the original is it I want to actually", "cljYV2q8yWU-00068-00049888-00050794": "listen to the original just to see um if there is something similar don't worry guys I will", "cljYV2q8yWU-00069-00050794-00052313": "cut this just to where this part is", "cljYV2q8yWU-00070-00052313-00052891": "it is not actually in the original uh but it is it strikes me though listening to the", "cljYV2q8yWU-00071-00052891-00053814": "original now you cannot make too much of the of the verse right there is not too much that", "cljYV2q8yWU-00072-00053814-00054323": "you can do but still he pulls it off right and I see the actions that he gives that are", "cljYV2q8yWU-00073-00054323-00054857": "in the original but he just adds his runs to that uh makes it more interesting because", "cljYV2q8yWU-00074-00054857-00055377": "the original I like the original song uh but in the verse there is not too much musically", "cljYV2q8yWU-00075-00055377-00056446": "happening there not too much Melody right that's awesome [Music]", "cljYV2q8yWU-00076-00056446-00058378": "that just added man", "cljYV2q8yWU-00077-00058378-00060310": "dance [Music] [Applause] [Music]", "cljYV2q8yWU-00078-00060310-00061276": "foreign [Music]", "cljYV2q8yWU-00079-00061276-00061759": "[Music]", "cljYV2q8yWU-00080-00061759-00063208": "it's just [Music]", "cljYV2q8yWU-00081-00063208-00063775": "my God so he made a shorter version of the song that's that's definitely the case but", "cljYV2q8yWU-00082-00063775-00064447": "even even then like the things that he adds of course the chorus is very recognizable", "cljYV2q8yWU-00083-00064447-00064970": "the verse is less but he makes it more interesting it's not really iconic those verses if you", "cljYV2q8yWU-00084-00064970-00065475": "play one of the verses to to some people I think like probably majority of the people", "cljYV2q8yWU-00085-00065475-00065976": "won't even know what song it is until they hear the the chorus that is then they will", "cljYV2q8yWU-00086-00065976-00066488": "recognize it alip makes it so interesting it's not that long of a of a version of him", "cljYV2q8yWU-00087-00066488-00067056": "but there's so much in it again it reminds me a little bit of when I watched numb if", "cljYV2q8yWU-00088-00067056-00067557": "you haven't watched that video from mine then I don't know which one you have watched from", "cljYV2q8yWU-00089-00067557-00068098": "me but that's my most watched video and", "cljYV2q8yWU-00090-00068098-00068720": "the runs that he does that are not in the original we also have this in um in numb I", "cljYV2q8yWU-00091-00068720-00069210": "think it was after the bridge or after the solo that um not really so it's more like", "cljYV2q8yWU-00092-00069210-00069823": "a bridge but after that um there was a run that he did that was not in the original and", "cljYV2q8yWU-00093-00069823-00070567": "here we have the same thing is just shredding on his acoustic guitar which is in my opinion", "cljYV2q8yWU-00094-00070567-00071239": "a lot harder than than on electric I think so perhaps that's because I learned how to", "cljYV2q8yWU-00095-00071239-00071804": "play the electric guitar before I learned how to play the acoustic but even then I think", "cljYV2q8yWU-00096-00071804-00072320": "like the the strings are more stiff on an acoustic guitar that's definitely the case", "cljYV2q8yWU-00097-00072320-00073125": "which makes it harder to to bend uh but also to press down uh but we don't notice this", "cljYV2q8yWU-00098-00073125-00073722": "with a leap definitely not so guys like I said this is the first reaction of mine for", "cljYV2q8yWU-00099-00073722-00074487": "this year 2023 on YouTube um I've done quite a lot of alibata already and I'm sure to do", "cljYV2q8yWU-00100-00074487-00075046": "more of him in the future um because like a lot of You Are olippers because like a lot", "cljYV2q8yWU-00101-00075046-00075613": "of you also are a leapers the fan base of alibata now I might be interested I haven't", "cljYV2q8yWU-00102-00075613-00076388": "actually watched too many other musicians on their own um except for um Bolivia and", "cljYV2q8yWU-00103-00076388-00076933": "Steve Vai that one video that they had a collaboration on but aside from that I haven't really done", "cljYV2q8yWU-00104-00076933-00077658": "uh that much instrumental uh pieces right so if you want me to react to more musicians", "cljYV2q8yWU-00105-00077658-00078225": "I definitely know there are a lot of crazy musicians out there that I haven't watched", "cljYV2q8yWU-00106-00078225-00078826": "or that I have heard about but haven't watched either so definitely let me know in the comment", "cljYV2q8yWU-00107-00078826-00079568": "section what you want and if you want to see some of the long format video reactions that", "cljYV2q8yWU-00108-00079568-00080148": "I will make this year music related of course then take a look at my patreon account the", "cljYV2q8yWU-00109-00080148-00080608": "link is in the description down below at the moment of recording uh there is not yet any", "cljYV2q8yWU-00110-00080608-00081269": "content on there um but that will soon change uh because right after this video I'm going", "cljYV2q8yWU-00111-00081269-00082133": "to react to uh my first video for patreon now to end this video off the aleppers probably", "cljYV2q8yWU-00112-00082133-00082913": "are my biggest audience on YouTube here and that's not really I don't think that's even", "cljYV2q8yWU-00113-00082913-00083422": "comes close I think like the second might be dimash but the leapers are surely my biggest", "cljYV2q8yWU-00114-00083422-00084098": "audience here most of his videos gets get watched like really a lot and still you guys", "cljYV2q8yWU-00115-00084098-00084760": "there are a ton of you that are not subscribed even though I have a lot of alibata reactions", "cljYV2q8yWU-00116-00084760-00085582": "um like we're at 50k now and I'm super happy but if you know that my reactions to uh nub", "cljYV2q8yWU-00117-00085582-00086232": "black or white uh Sweet Child of Mine and some others of him are are above like three", "cljYV2q8yWU-00118-00086232-00086894": "four hundred thousand views from the alipers I think there are a lot of you guys that can", "cljYV2q8yWU-00119-00086894-00087377": "still subscribe to the channel a lot of you are watching my videos but I would really", "cljYV2q8yWU-00120-00087377-00087882": "appreciate it if you hit the Subscribe button uh because you'll notice it if I post a new", "cljYV2q8yWU-00121-00087882-00088394": "video and it just helps me so I hope you consider that thank you very much for watching guys", "cljYV2q8yWU-00122-00088394-00088763": "don't forget to subscribe like and share the video also don't forget to check out some", "cljYV2q8yWU-00123-00088763-00089200": "of my other reaction videos I also have music videos and tutorials for you guys to check", "cljYV2q8yWU-00124-00089200-00089547": "out so thank you very much and see you guys next time bye", "cljYV2q8yWU-00125-00089547-00090707": "thank you", "cljYV2q8yWU-00126-00090707-00091866": "foreign [Music]", "cljYV2q8yWU-00127-00091866-00092951": "hi guys Yuri here again welcome um but but since but I very now with alibata I um they", "cljYV2q8yWU-00128-00092951-00093760": "first made a um but it's pretty similar in you and user affiliate then you just please", "cljYV2q8yWU-00129-00093760-00094469": "use the please use the affiliate link then please use the affiliate link [Music] uh or", "cljYV2q8yWU-00130-00094469-00095235": "you if you let if you play the the that perhaps it's because I first learned how to play the", "cljYV2q8yWU-00131-00095235-00096060": "electric besides from aside from that I don't I didn't have either or haven't watched but", "cljYV2q8yWU-00132-00096060-00096239": "that uh or other of"}}, {"audio_id": "clkf-0Xbbfk", "text": {"clkf-0Xbbfk-00000-00001409-00001484": "otdyhoved.ru"}}, {"audio_id": "clnWX9SddkM", "text": {"clnWX9SddkM-00000-00002741-00003390": "What is up everybody this is EZE, EZEstreetGAMING, Host of this channel, how are you guys doing?", "clnWX9SddkM-00001-00003563-00003763": "We have a new feature", "clnWX9SddkM-00002-00003788-00004398": "It is called privileges. It's on one of the servers. I'm on 384. We love it there", "clnWX9SddkM-00003-00004529-00004866": "Just a quick disclaimer. If you didn't read that already. I don't work with these guys", "clnWX9SddkM-00004-00004867-00005329": "I just kind of tell it like I feel like it is so if you feel like I'm trying to influence you to spend money", "clnWX9SddkM-00005-00005366-00005644": "Then that's your inner you wanting to spend money", "clnWX9SddkM-00006-00005810-00006130": "If you don't want to than don't if you do then do I don't care", "clnWX9SddkM-00007-00006226-00006426": "So this feature costs money", "clnWX9SddkM-00008-00006458-00006537": "Just so you know", "clnWX9SddkM-00009-00006537-00007311": "It  costs 9.99 for 14 days or a hundred US dollars for one year", "clnWX9SddkM-00010-00007384-00007584": "It seems like a ton of money", "clnWX9SddkM-00011-00007634-00008128": "For a hundred bucks to play a free game. Yes, but what you get is actually a", "clnWX9SddkM-00012-00008219-00008802": "lot, and for anyone that already spends money, which a lot of people do every", "clnWX9SddkM-00013-00008929-00009129": "Serve Vermont someone does", "clnWX9SddkM-00014-00009139-00009537": "Some don't most do you think they have closet spenders?", "clnWX9SddkM-00015-00009635-00010116": "Ironically that the game I came from clash of clans did too and this is kind of how you break down the players you have two", "clnWX9SddkM-00016-00010117-00010321": "Types of players you have your ftp free-to-play players", "clnWX9SddkM-00017-00010378-00010773": "They they pride themselves on spending no money. They'll spend under $20 a year", "clnWX9SddkM-00018-00010774-00011457": "You have your PTW which are the pay towin which is kind of offensive I guess but the the casual guys will spend about", "clnWX9SddkM-00019-00011482-00011895": "$250 or less the more into it guys will spend around a thousand", "clnWX9SddkM-00020-00011896-00012014": "Then you have your money players", "clnWX9SddkM-00021-00012014-00012514": "They'll range from $50 a week to several thousand when they join a server and then a couple hundred a week", "clnWX9SddkM-00022-00012584-00013333": "after they get more established this offer will tempt everybody in that range right there and from outside of the free-to-play", "clnWX9SddkM-00023-00013526-00014139": "I'm not sure which servers will get this in which ones will not I've only got one of my servers but first benefit is", "clnWX9SddkM-00024-00014183-00014403": "one free recharge and ranked matches", "clnWX9SddkM-00025-00014405-00015010": "This actually saves you about a thousand gems if you have used gems to recharge your ranked matches to get a higher score", "clnWX9SddkM-00026-00015129-00015598": "It's not just 500 you say if you actually save a thousand because you'll well it was right there", "clnWX9SddkM-00027-00015705-00015997": "Second benefit you get plus a hundred portal energy", "clnWX9SddkM-00028-00016038-00016643": "I can't tell you how big this is for everyone that is in that side of the game that's into the partner battles", "clnWX9SddkM-00029-00016734-00016854": "my", "clnWX9SddkM-00030-00016854-00017423": "Adventure who went from 61 in this server to 161 that's almost three times as much soul that I can get from adventure", "clnWX9SddkM-00031-00017517-00017879": "Everybody knows how valuable soul is in the partner game", "clnWX9SddkM-00032-00017946-00018355": "Now you get these adventure tickets 20 plus 20 or 22 adventure tickets", "clnWX9SddkM-00033-00018606-00018798": "Again if you thought times 10 was good.", "clnWX9SddkM-00034-00018798-00018908": "Look how fast this is.", "clnWX9SddkM-00035-00018908-00019066": "This is actual time that right.", "clnWX9SddkM-00036-00019066-00019116": "There was 18 battles...", "clnWX9SddkM-00037-00019116-00019199": "Boom", "clnWX9SddkM-00038-00019368-00019568": "Take a poll on easy street gaming", "clnWX9SddkM-00039-00019638-00020188": "You'll never be told by any game how much money everyone spends but we have a little poll right here", "clnWX9SddkM-00040-00020189-00020530": "You can if you answer honestly, you can see how much you then everyone else spends", "clnWX9SddkM-00041-00020550-00020786": "And by the way, this is strictly for entertainment", "clnWX9SddkM-00042-00020786-00021161": "I don't keep track of any of this stuff and or tell anyone or anything like that", "clnWX9SddkM-00043-00021177-00021396": "You can't see in those names.", "clnWX9SddkM-00044-00021396-00021623": "You can actually change your vote after you vote if you'd like to", "clnWX9SddkM-00045-00021807-00022030": "So adventure portal gives you soul", "clnWX9SddkM-00046-00022128-00022339": "Everything cost souls with the partners", "clnWX9SddkM-00047-00022340-00022497": "This is a huge benefit", "clnWX9SddkM-00048-00022497-00022892": "and there's all kinds of events out there that you know", "clnWX9SddkM-00049-00022892-00023189": "You get sold from or ask you for soul. And", "clnWX9SddkM-00050-00023355-00023625": "You'll be able to achieve more in the events", "clnWX9SddkM-00051-00023625-00023726": "fourth benefit...", "clnWX9SddkM-00052-00023726-00023932": "plus 20% damage in adventure portal", "clnWX9SddkM-00053-00023934-00024275": "This means it's gonna be easier for you to get your three stars of four stars", "clnWX9SddkM-00054-00024275-00024773": "You'll be able to use 3, three stars and a five star...", "clnWX9SddkM-00055-00024773-00024823": "maybe... instead of a six star.", "clnWX9SddkM-00056-00024823-00024891": "I don't know", "clnWX9SddkM-00057-00024891-00025034": "Now you may end up saving", "clnWX9SddkM-00058-00025041-00025382": "thousands of dollars if you're a fairly big spender if you really", "clnWX9SddkM-00059-00025440-00025982": "Calculate how much you can save by using this feature", "clnWX9SddkM-00060-00025982-00026120": "and that's thing that just flashed by I made that fast enough", "clnWX9SddkM-00061-00026120-00026539": "So no one kind of game can read it.", "clnWX9SddkM-00062-00026539-00026653": "I was talking about how much of a a joke a \"free\" game is", "clnWX9SddkM-00063-00026920-00027489": "Next benefit 5th- 50% war pattern consumption what this means is that everything cost half as much", "clnWX9SddkM-00064-00027558-00027888": "But it's only level up to level 4", "clnWX9SddkM-00065-00027888-00028088": "So what I did is I tested it on", "clnWX9SddkM-00066-00028102-00028694": "Server 323 with 3 star Badger right hand and 4 star Badger and it cost me", "clnWX9SddkM-00067-00028714-00029258": "225 to enhance them from level 1 to level 2 and then I went a little bit too level 3", "clnWX9SddkM-00068-00029258-00029523": "But don't ask me why I went past level 2 I did though", "clnWX9SddkM-00069-00029608-00029825": "So you can see me that was upgrading right there", "clnWX9SddkM-00070-00029851-00030139": "Those were the 3 star", "clnWX9SddkM-00071-00030139-00030217": "then we went over to...", "clnWX9SddkM-00072-00030217-00030286": "I don't know what happened before start,", "clnWX9SddkM-00073-00030286-00030420": "but we did that too", "clnWX9SddkM-00074-00030436-00030679": "Then I went over to server 384 the 3 star", "clnWX9SddkM-00075-00030679-00030899": "you can see where it started off that", "clnWX9SddkM-00076-00030939-00031318": "112 which is exactly half the cost minus a fraction", "clnWX9SddkM-00077-00031318-00031449": "and then the 4 star...", "clnWX9SddkM-00078-00031449-00031592": "was 165 and then we also", "clnWX9SddkM-00079-00031620-00031820": "Looked at the 5 star", "clnWX9SddkM-00080-00031855-00032029": "and", "clnWX9SddkM-00081-00032029-00032288": "When we went and upgraded the 5 star what is happier?", "clnWX9SddkM-00082-00032288-00032411": "That's the 165 but here...", "clnWX9SddkM-00083-00032411-00032586": "I've actually getting ahead of myself", "clnWX9SddkM-00084-00032626-00032748": "So 165 was for the 4 star patterns.", "clnWX9SddkM-00085-00032748-00033071": "And again, that's just half off", "clnWX9SddkM-00086-00033097-00033467": "So your war patterns will cost you half as much to upgrade", "clnWX9SddkM-00087-00033652-00034037": "And there's no cost reduction for 5 star patterns, here's a couple 5 stars", "clnWX9SddkM-00088-00034038-00034142": "This is in server 384", "clnWX9SddkM-00089-00034142-00034303": "and there's nothing written there,", "clnWX9SddkM-00090-00034303-00034388": "which means that you're", "clnWX9SddkM-00091-00034388-00034511": "paying regular price", "clnWX9SddkM-00092-00034570-00034908": "Or full charge for upgrading your 5 stars", "clnWX9SddkM-00093-00034981-00035407": "Which thank God I don't upgrade anything but 5 stars...", "clnWX9SddkM-00094-00035407-00035532": "like most people", "clnWX9SddkM-00095-00035614-00036056": "6 benefit war pattern max capacity plus", "clnWX9SddkM-00096-00036124-00036256": "500", "clnWX9SddkM-00097-00036256-00036493": "So I don't know who asked for this feature,", "clnWX9SddkM-00098-00036493-00036598": "but they don't play", "clnWX9SddkM-00099-00036598-00036870": "because you don't need another 500 more patterns", "clnWX9SddkM-00100-00036871-00036991": "Not that I can see.", "clnWX9SddkM-00101-00036991-00037238": "I don't know maybe you don't sell yours,", "clnWX9SddkM-00102-00037238-00037460": "but I sell them all to get more soul", "clnWX9SddkM-00103-00037546-00037757": "And if you're wondering what's going on background,", "clnWX9SddkM-00104-00037758-00037990": "this is another Ranked match that I was doing in server 384", "clnWX9SddkM-00105-00038044-00038424": "whlile I was looking up all this information...", "clnWX9SddkM-00106-00038424-00038474": "doing the research...", "clnWX9SddkM-00107-00038474-00038524": "research for the video,", "clnWX9SddkM-00109-00038602-00038802": "I Actually do that believe it or not", "clnWX9SddkM-00110-00039021-00039356": "Now seventh benefit partner capacity max", "clnWX9SddkM-00111-00039429-00039757": "+100 I don't really know if you have", "clnWX9SddkM-00112-00039834-00039940": "99 extra partners because of this feature", "clnWX9SddkM-00113-00039940-00040102": "and then you decide that you don't want to re-do it again", "clnWX9SddkM-00114-00040102-00040357": "and what happens to them all?", "clnWX9SddkM-00115-00040358-00040480": "I just don't have an idea", "clnWX9SddkM-00116-00040480-00040682": "so I don't know kind of sketch about that", "clnWX9SddkM-00117-00040722-00040998": "But this is what you also get every single day.", "clnWX9SddkM-00118-00040998-00041344": "You'll get 20 of the tickets three times seven thousand Soul", "clnWX9SddkM-00119-00041436-00041627": "Hundred gems or is it a gem box?", "clnWX9SddkM-00120-00041627-00041776": "no it's 100 gems and a turtle.", "clnWX9SddkM-00121-00041776-00041944": "Oh, I'm hooked already. I", "clnWX9SddkM-00122-00042009-00042398": "Work for Turtles.", "clnWX9SddkM-00123-00042398-00042468": "Hope you enjoy the video.", "clnWX9SddkM-00124-00042468-00042552": "It's gonna be kind of quick...", "clnWX9SddkM-00125-00042552-00042602": "new feature.", "clnWX9SddkM-00126-00042602-00042652": "It's in server 384.", "clnWX9SddkM-00127-00042652-00042713": "Maybe it'll come to your server", "clnWX9SddkM-00128-00042792-00042992": "if it is", "clnWX9SddkM-00129-00043035-00043235": "It might be something you want to take advantage of", "clnWX9SddkM-00130-00043356-00043660": "(please) sup to the channel guys.", "clnWX9SddkM-00131-00043660-00043848": "If not, I'll send daggers after you... you don't want that", "clnWX9SddkM-00132-00043848-00043898": "till next time", "clnWX9SddkM-00133-00043898-00043976": "It's been EZE take care everybody", "clnWX9SddkM-00134-00045008-00045512": "Nirv (NirvDamage from Server 323)- \"Hey EZE, got a sec?\"\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00135-00045512-00045872": "EZE (EZE from...here... me) \"Sure, When?\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00136-00045872-00046184": "Nirv- \"Right after credits\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00137-00046184-00046358": "EZE (swearing under breath to himself) @#$% now what....", "clnWX9SddkM-00138-00046358-00046482": "EZE- \"Oh I would really...\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00139-00046482-00046532": "\"Like that...\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00140-00046556-00046636": "(END Credits)", "clnWX9SddkM-00142-00047748-00047876": "Nirv- \"Hey EZE...\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00143-00047876-00048116": "EZE- \" Hey Nirv... what's up?\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00144-00048116-00048396": "Nirv- \"thanks for letting me use your phone today\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00145-00048402-00048670": "EZE- \"well... you broke yours... and I have 2... so no problem.\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00146-00048670-00048930": "Nirv- \"someone called.... and I answered for you\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00147-00048966-00049414": "EZE thinking to himself... [why am I still taking off my shoes... they go RIGHT back on...]", "clnWX9SddkM-00148-00049428-00049612": "Nirv- \"It was your Bank...\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00149-00049804-00050082": "Nirv- \" I was wondering...\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00150-00050082-00050950": "\"do you know how much money you have just \"given\" to this \"game\" of yours?\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00151-00051004-00051270": "EZE- \"Nope...\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00152-00051548-00051872": "EZE thinking to himself [I have my keys... wallet... smokes and a light...", "clnWX9SddkM-00153-00051872-00052008": "just need 1 more thing...]", "clnWX9SddkM-00154-00052008-00052278": "EZE- \"not much I'm sure... You know me...\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00155-00052294-00052555": "Nirv- \"whenever I ask you...", "clnWX9SddkM-00156-00052555-00052791": "\"you always act like your waiting on....\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00157-00052791-00053014": "EZE- \"let me see that phone for a sec\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00158-00053014-00053148": "could have been someone just.... THANKS\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00159-00053154-00053214": "BE RIGHT BACK", "clnWX9SddkM-00160-00053214-00053328": "[DOOR SLAMS... TRUCK STARTS]", "clnWX9SddkM-00161-00053328-00053548": "Nirv- (heading for the door) \"EZE... what... where.... WAIT! I WAS talking!\"", "clnWX9SddkM-00162-00053558-00054040": "Nirv- \"EZE! You could have bought a car... ANYTHING!\""}}, {"audio_id": "clJga4YH0H4", "text": {"clJga4YH0H4-00000-00000861-00001157": "This video, I'm telling you, is not helping people who are already clear.", "clJga4YH0H4-00001-00001157-00001450": "All you need to do is look at those who need help with the hierarchy.", "clJga4YH0H4-00002-00001450-00001750": "The current video is I'm not going to show you how to play perfectly, but at the same time, when you're attacked,", "clJga4YH0H4-00003-00001750-00002350": "and at the same time how to attack it,  what's going to happen? This is a video I'm showing you, so you shouldn't expect it.", "clJga4YH0H4-00004-00002350-00002650": "Then let's get started. Thank you for always watching.", "clJga4YH0H4-00005-00002728-00002978": "81-83 Wolf", "clJga4YH0H4-00006-00002978-00003270": "As a common monster,", "clJga4YH0H4-00007-00003270-00003570": "it's important that you never think about going light.", "clJga4YH0H4-00008-00003570-00003870": "There's no point in saying that a mass attack. (an old Korean style)", "clJga4YH0H4-00009-00004000-00004300": "84-85 Fire Dragon", "clJga4YH0H4-00010-00004300-00004600": "If this guy has a character to restore his physical strength,", "clJga4YH0H4-00011-00004600-00004900": "It can be cleaned easily.", "clJga4YH0H4-00012-00004900-00005200": "I'm going to take a turn, so I'm going down.", "clJga4YH0H4-00013-00005516-00005810": "If there's a pattern of parlibulls in the inevitable,", "clJga4YH0H4-00014-00005810-00006110": "It is important to use your skills.", "clJga4YH0H4-00015-00006110-00006409": "The combo doesn't hang unless it's broken.", "clJga4YH0H4-00016-00006409-00006709": "That's why they're clearing fast.", "clJga4YH0H4-00017-00006709-00007009": "After all, the longer the battle time,", "clJga4YH0H4-00018-00007009-00007309": "You're more likely to make a mistake.", "clJga4YH0H4-00019-00007309-00007609": "When you're right, it's a good idea to use your skills.", "clJga4YH0H4-00020-00007609-00007909": "There's a boss available and there's something not.", "clJga4YH0H4-00021-00007909-00008210": "The pattern of a particular boss is that the skill is in use.", "clJga4YH0H4-00022-00008210-00008510": "If you're shot, you'll be down.", "clJga4YH0H4-00023-00008510-00008710": "You must use this part with care.", "clJga4YH0H4-00024-00009944-00010242": "86-88 Rijard man", "clJga4YH0H4-00025-00010242-00010840": "It's not dangerous to watch out for a pattern of sudden entry and attack.", "clJga4YH0H4-00026-00010840-00011140": "HP recovery allows safe passage.", "clJga4YH0H4-00027-00011674-00011970": "89-90 a false god", "clJga4YH0H4-00028-00011980-00012280": "Actually, I think this guy's the real boss here.", "clJga4YH0H4-00029-00012280-00012580": "The pattern itself is not difficult,", "clJga4YH0H4-00030-00012580-00012880": "but it's mostly fatal once it's hit.", "clJga4YH0H4-00031-00012880-00013480": "Avoid first-time flame waves twice jump,  block once or both.", "clJga4YH0H4-00032-00013480-00013780": "If you're not confident, it's a good idea to keep guard.", "clJga4YH0H4-00033-00013780-00014080": "\"No, I'm gonna jump for the perfect target.\"", "clJga4YH0H4-00034-00014080-00014380": "And that's what these guys do.", "clJga4YH0H4-00035-00014380-00014680": "If you're confident you won't die at once.", "clJga4YH0H4-00036-00014680-00015280": "Teleport to the envoys of attack. It's a lower attack, so you can use a jump to avoid it", "clJga4YH0H4-00037-00015280-00015580": "It can be avoided by moving diagonally,", "clJga4YH0H4-00038-00015580-00015680": "but it can be done simultaneously by both at the same time.", "clJga4YH0H4-00039-00017136-00017430": "There is something important in dealing with a false god.", "clJga4YH0H4-00040-00017430-00017730": "It's something you never get stuck on the wall.", "clJga4YH0H4-00041-00017730-00018030": "Never be located between a wall and a false god.", "clJga4YH0H4-00042-00018030-00018630": "Because they're cornered,  and they're bombarded with no place to hide.", "clJga4YH0H4-00043-00019158-00019450": "I'm sure you've blocked it twice with a shield,", "clJga4YH0H4-00044-00019450-00019750": "but you're going to lose a lot of stamina.", "clJga4YH0H4-00045-00019750-00020050": "He dodged some of the attacks with a jump and hit the rest of the attack,", "clJga4YH0H4-00046-00020050-00020263": "but he's got very little stamina", "clJga4YH0H4-00047-00021576-00021874": "If you're not sure you're going to jump, guard it.", "clJga4YH0H4-00048-00021874-00022170": "If you don't want to go climbing again.", "clJga4YH0H4-00049-00022220-00022520": "If you get stuck in a corner and that pattern comes out,", "clJga4YH0H4-00050-00022520-00023120": "you're locked up and you're dead, so don't ever get cornered. Not for a second!", "clJga4YH0H4-00051-00023442-00023740": "If you overlap a false god when you avoid it with a jump,", "clJga4YH0H4-00052-00023740-00024040": "I recommend you jump in place because you're under attack.", "clJga4YH0H4-00053-00024040-00024340": "If you can't tell if it's a flame wave or a bomb,", "clJga4YH0H4-00054-00024340-00024640": "When you go up in the air, you're going", "clJga4YH0H4-00055-00024640-00025240": "It is possible to classify a section that is not parry as limited or as long as the map ends.", "clJga4YH0H4-00056-00025839-00026139": "91-94 Gleam Eyes", "clJga4YH0H4-00057-00026139-00026439": "Every attack is as powerful as a false god.", "clJga4YH0H4-00058-00026439-00026739": "It's convenient if you have skills or shields that move behind you.", "clJga4YH0H4-00059-00026739-00027339": "I'm trying to get you to know how to use Bucke Toss Yuuki has been selected.", "clJga4YH0H4-00060-00027339-00027639": "All blunt weapon, when they start the guard,", "clJga4YH0H4-00061-00027639-00027939": "He has a short, short superarm.", "clJga4YH0H4-00062-00027939-00028239": "The official name is \"Protect Shield\".", "clJga4YH0H4-00063-00028239-00028838": "We can use this shield to withstand an attack  that's likely to be shot and maintain a combo.", "clJga4YH0H4-00064-00028838-00029730": "Care should be taken on a line with a guard gauge that does not apply the guard brakes.", "clJga4YH0H4-00065-00029730-00030039": "If the guard brakes are applied,", "clJga4YH0H4-00066-00030039-00030339": "there is a long, defenseless stunt that is dangerous.", "clJga4YH0H4-00067-00030339-00030516": "Therefore, it is best to avoid patterns that can be avoided.", "clJga4YH0H4-00068-00032422-00032720": "If you fall back and are hit with a big swing, you're about to die.", "clJga4YH0H4-00069-00032720-00033320": "If you don't have the confidence to parry,  you'd better avoid below.", "clJga4YH0H4-00070-00033320-00034006": "Other than this pattern, if a certain HP or higher is omitted, the fly section will be greatly reduced.", "clJga4YH0H4-00071-00036160-00036760": "You can avoid wielding too much as a parry, but I don't recommend it.", "clJga4YH0H4-00072-00036760-00037060": "It's a risky behavior.", "clJga4YH0H4-00073-00037342-00037940": "As you can see, this guy's using skills, They're ignoring me and they're shutting me down.", "clJga4YH0H4-00074-00037940-00038240": "There's no way we can do that in the Fire Dragon on the 84-85.", "clJga4YH0H4-00075-00040180-00040780": "I think it was an attack that could understand the strengths of the blunt force.", "clJga4YH0H4-00076-00040978-00041278": "I'm sure you understand how to use the blunt force", "clJga4YH0H4-00077-00042062-00042360": "95 Skull Reaper", "clJga4YH0H4-00078-00042360-00042660": "This place is like a false god or glam eyes,", "clJga4YH0H4-00079-00042660-00042960": "Every pattern is not strong.", "clJga4YH0H4-00080-00042960-00043560": "But if you're not a superhero, keeping a combo is more of an evil thing.", "clJga4YH0H4-00081-00043560-00044160": "This is a floor where you can easily break HP's recoverable character once you play.", "clJga4YH0H4-00082-00044160-00045360": "There's a lot of video clips and it's easy to clean up once you have the character of Hill, so I'll turn it over briefly.", "clJga4YH0H4-00083-00045360-00045660": "This guy's gonna give us time to go down the middle and attack.", "clJga4YH0H4-00084-00045660-00045960": "At this point, you can either restore  Manna or use your skills.", "clJga4YH0H4-00085-00045960-00046260": "If you're not sure, you can guard it.", "clJga4YH0H4-00086-00046260-00046576": "We'd rather guard them than be attacked.", "clJga4YH0H4-00087-00046578-00046868": "The combo is broken, but we have to live.", "clJga4YH0H4-00088-00047210-00047810": "If you touch a walking leg, you'll be shot, so unless you're a superammer, the combo will be broken.", "clJga4YH0H4-00089-00047810-00048410": "The rest is not difficult, so I'll cut the video and skip it quickly.", "clJga4YH0H4-00090-00049090-00049390": "96-99 Rhinoceros(?)", "clJga4YH0H4-00091-00049390-00049990": "In NewW Twilight Castle in Akasha,  there's an easier boss than this one.", "clJga4YH0H4-00092-00049990-00050590": "The pattern is so simple that even a first-timer can quickly learn the timing and fight.", "clJga4YH0H4-00093-00050590-00050890": "Plus, there's less HP on this guy, so that's it!", "clJga4YH0H4-00094-00051355-00051655": "I didn't do anything, but there's almost no HP in this guy.", "clJga4YH0H4-00095-00051655-00051950": "If HP is missing in more than two lines, a rush pattern appears.", "clJga4YH0H4-00096-00051950-00052550": "There's a parry section at the end of the dash, but I don't recommend replacing it to fly.", "clJga4YH0H4-00097-00052550-00052850": "Lead his attack to the nearest wall and hit him in the back of the head.", "clJga4YH0H4-00098-00053662-00053960": "100 Kobold", "clJga4YH0H4-00099-00053960-00054260": "It's too easy now, but until we were 5 stars,", "clJga4YH0H4-00100-00054260-00054560": "He was a tough guy to deal with without a superhero.", "clJga4YH0H4-00101-00054560-00054860": "If you get hit by that guy's burp, you'll get a stunt.", "clJga4YH0H4-00102-00054860-00055160": "Even if you avoid it on the Y-axis, it's still attached to the wall.", "clJga4YH0H4-00103-00055160-00055460": "I could be attacked by an exploding effect.", "clJga4YH0H4-00104-00055460-00055760": "His pattern is a dirty XO pattern.", "clJga4YH0H4-00105-00055760-00056060": "You have to avoid X to parry when you're O.", "clJga4YH0H4-00106-00056060-00056360": "That's why it's easier to use a shield character.", "clJga4YH0H4-00107-00056360-00056960": "If not, you can run backwards and parry in advance when you think it's an XO pattern.", "clJga4YH0H4-00108-00056960-00057260": "If you fail to parry at O, lightning will fall.", "clJga4YH0H4-00109-00057260-00058160": "Once the XO pattern is oriented, the O-shots will not change direction to where the player is.", "clJga4YH0H4-00110-00058160-00058460": "There was a change in some of the Rankings.", "clJga4YH0H4-00111-00063590-00063890": "If you lose a lot of HP, you go to page 2.", "clJga4YH0H4-00112-00063890-00064190": "There's less parry, there's a dirty pattern.", "clJga4YH0H4-00113-00064190-00064490": "Swing three times, making a dash, and jumping.", "clJga4YH0H4-00114-00064490-00064790": "It's perfect to fly the combo I had.", "clJga4YH0H4-00115-00064790-00065690": "If any of those dirty patterns are attacked, there's a good chance I'll die in every subsequent attack.", "clJga4YH0H4-00116-00066536-00067130": "Always avoid dirty patterns by moving vertically upwards or downwards.", "clJga4YH0H4-00117-00067130-00067730": "A diagonal line provides a wide range of attacks, and a bad luck leads to a jump attack.", "clJga4YH0H4-00118-00068250-00068850": "You don't seem to know the fear of a dirty pattern yet, so let's see.", "clJga4YH0H4-00119-00069094-00069390": "If they get caught, they're dead.", "clJga4YH0H4-00120-00070232-00070530": "If you get a burst effect, you'll get an electric shock.", "clJga4YH0H4-00121-00070530-00071130": "10 seconds of defenselessness, which is the perfect time to die in a dirty pattern.", "clJga4YH0H4-00122-00071868-00072160": "I think I've shown you enough of how dangerous it is.", "clJga4YH0H4-00123-00072160-00072460": "Even if it takes time, move carefully.", "clJga4YH0H4-00124-00073778-00074070": "Thank you for watching :)", "clJga4YH0H4-00125-00074070-00074670": "For me, the \"subscribe\" and \"good\" buttons are a big help in making the video. (bowing)", "clJga4YH0H4-00126-00074670-00075370": "I hope you understand my poor translation. Thank you."}}]