[{"audio_id": "q0Zr9Kl8FS8", "text": {"q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00000-00000325-00001140": "[Bryan May, Narrator] On Monday August 21st a solar eclipse will pass over all 50 united states.", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00001-00001140-00001557": "[Brook Bingham, NWS] This eclipse is very exciting for the United States because the last time a total", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00002-00001557-00002102": "eclipse went across the continental US was back in 1979.", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00003-00002102-00002477": "[Narrator] Most of the country will see what it's like to have the moon slide between the Sun and the earth", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00004-00002477-00002991": "casting a shadow on us down below. The eclipse will look different depending on", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00005-00002991-00003396": "where in the United States you view it from. If you're on the path of totality", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00006-00003396-00004011": "you'll see the moon fully block the Sun. [Brooke] For Californians if they want to head up", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00007-00004011-00004523": "to Oregon or the Idaho that's where the total eclipse will occur.", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00008-00004523-00004968": "[Narrator] Here in California the eclipse will be anywhere from 60% coverage in the southern most", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00009-00004968-00005511": "parts of the state, up to 90% along the northern border. Peak viewing time will", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00010-00005511-00006173": "be between 10:15 and 10:25 a.m. Pacific depending on where you are. But wherever you", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00011-00006173-00006638": "are, you NEVER want to look directly at the Sun without protection like", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00012-00006638-00007356": "specially-made approved Eclipse glasses. Not sunglasses. [Brooke Bingham] Because we're in the", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00013-00007356-00007754": "partial eclipses area here in California it's very dangerous to look at the", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00014-00007754-00008190": "Eclipse just with your eyes so we highly recommend that people make sure that", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00015-00008190-00008636": "they get glasses that are officially approved and if you go to NASA's website", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00016-00008636-00009122": "they have a list of vendors so that you can make sure you're getting a good pair", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00017-00009122-00009399": "of glasses [Narrator] Brooke makes a good point. [CNN Anchor] Amazon issuing", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00018-00009399-00009927": "refunds for potentially phony solar eclipse glasses.", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00019-00009927-00010325": "[Narrator] A lot of people thought they had purchased approved glasses only to find out the glasses they bought", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00020-00010325-00010772": "didn't provide what's recommended by NASA. And, we do know that approved", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00021-00010772-00011259": "glasses can be very hard to find so if you can't find a pair there are still", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00022-00011259-00011718": "ways to view the Eclipse safely with a do-it-yourself project. You can learn how", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00023-00011718-00012507": "to do that on NASA's official website go to Eclipse2017.nasa.gov", "q0Zr9Kl8FS8-00024-00012507-00013161": "For Cal OES, I'm Bryan May. Thanks for watching! [end]"}}, {"audio_id": "q1ex9y5hkYg", "text": {"q1ex9y5hkYg-00000-00000863-00000966": "Hey everyone!", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00001-00000966-00001269": "Wait wait hold up there I have to say something.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00002-00001311-00001450": "Wait what?", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00003-00001450-00001749": "You know, these bitches are living life on easy mode.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00004-00001759-00002133": "Just flash their tits and all the simps follow them.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00005-00002142-00002746": "That's right. I’m talking to you, you SexyCyborg, you’re cheating at YouTube!", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00006-00002766-00003349": "You’re using your boobs to hypnotize honest men who hate boobs and would not look at them", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00007-00003349-00003756": "if you weren’t tricking them into it and that’s just wrong.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00008-00003786-00004136": "You have your boobs here and your tech here.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00009-00004149-00004500": "You can’t go mixing them together like peanut butter and jelly.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00010-00004508-00004753": "Like the bananas and ice cream.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00011-00004757-00005093": "Boobs have to stay separate from everything else.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00012-00005106-00005554": "If you have them, you can’t go doing technical things while you have boobs.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00013-00005571-00005803": "It’s wrong and it’s cheating!", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00014-00005875-00006242": "Come on, we’ve all read comments like that right?", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00015-00006242-00006447": "Naomi is cheating!", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00016-00006447-00007027": "Because we all know what an honest respectable company YouTube is right?", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00017-00007027-00007411": "They definitely follow and enforce their own rules fairly.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00018-00007428-00007663": "No, of course, they don’t.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00019-00007701-00008607": "I’ve got bad news for you buckaroos and buckerettes, life is not fair- not for me, not for you, not for anyone.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00020-00008630-00009593": "My da taught me, you’re almost never going to be given fair without a fight, not a fair wage, not a fair price, not a fair chance.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00021-00009593-00009719": "You want fair?", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00022-00009736-00009871": "You make it fair.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00023-00009896-00010589": "Conduct your own affairs with integrity, but remember life is a dirty rotten cheat.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00024-00010589-00010868": "You give fair, you take fair,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00025-00010868-00011641": "but never make the mistake of expecting someone is going to walk up out of the blue and just give you fair.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00026-00011700-00012264": "Now, my business is YouTube, and YouTube runs a business, their job is to make money.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00027-00012272-00012813": "Their job is not to be fair to you or I or anyone else.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00028-00012824-00013362": "Sure, they can make money with me, but they can make money with lots of people.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00029-00013362-00013884": "They have no incentive to send me traffic that they can send to someone safer,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00030-00013884-00014397": "someone more presentable, someone that makes fewer people uncomfortable.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00031-00014414-00014855": "Chinese lesbian with giant fake titties doing tech?", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00032-00014930-00015038": "Next!", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00033-00015038-00015560": "That is about as dicey a business model as it gets, why risk it?", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00034-00015560-00016144": "Plenty of others can bring the same numbers I do with no controversy, no downside.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00035-00016207-00016855": "The brilliant thing about YouTube, is they’ve been able to successfully transfer all the accountability for a", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00036-00016855-00017290": "business model that picks winners and losers, onto software.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00037-00017290-00017663": "“Oh it’s not us it’s the algorithm”", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00038-00017694-00018420": "And people who don’t have a background in software development or machine learning, genuinely believe it.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00039-00018420-00019461": "As if YouTube doesn’t have absolute 100% granular control over the software that runs their multibillion-dollar business.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00040-00019461-00019719": "“It has a mind of its own.”", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00041-00019758-00020330": "You will see people absolutely tie themselves in knots to defend YouTube, explain policy,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00042-00020330-00021131": "and attribute complex motivations to the fairly simple software that Youtube uses to help run its business.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00043-00021162-00021562": "These are the same people who think cops aren’t allowed to lie to you.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00044-00021562-00021959": "They actually think YouTube can’t lie for some reason.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00045-00022000-00022841": "Corporations are not your friends, they are not honest- they lie, they get caught lying all the time and go on lying.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00046-00022841-00023094": "YouTube curates and lies about it.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00047-00023107-00023311": "Because business is business.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00048-00023311-00023488": "But people still defend them.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00049-00023488-00024169": "Technically it’s manifestation of the Just World Fallacy, and it’s a powerful cognitive bias.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00050-00024169-00024789": "And I know folks in the comments are going to do that again- we really want to believe in a fair world,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00051-00024789-00025212": "that if something happens you must have done something to make that happen.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00052-00025212-00025901": "But the reality is, YouTube is a content business- like Netflix, and part of that business is", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00053-00025901-00026640": "picking what content is going to be presented front and center to your audience as representative of your brand.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00054-00026698-00027442": "It’s trivial to tweak account settings of larger accounts so they are seen less, and their views plateau,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00055-00027455-00028183": "and other accounts that have less potential for controversy while still bringing in the same income,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00056-00028183-00028728": "showing up more often- and I’m going to show you one of the ways they do that.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00057-00028861-00029667": "Now I’ve been throttled this way for years but I’m used to it and don’t make a big deal of it on my channel.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00058-00029677-00030190": "Despite YouTube’s best efforts, I still built a decent size channel,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00059-00030211-00030834": "although with so many of my videos demonetized just for me looking like myself,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00060-00030834-00031138": "my channel is not a very profitable one.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00061-00031152-00031822": "But for those of you who think I do it on easy mode and I am cheating while other folks do it the hard way,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00062-00031850-00032014": "let me show you something.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00063-00032058-00032445": "Okay, this is Allen Pan- Sufficiently Advanced.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00064-00032456-00032991": "He is just the nicest coolest guy, one of my favorite YouTubers.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00065-00033154-00033843": "Okay this video is Rebuilding a 13-Year-Old Meme Invention and I am gonna search for that by its exact name.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00066-00033919-00034559": "And Boom there we go right up at the top just like it should be, we all know how the search engine works.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00067-00034575-00034892": "Let's try Redeeming a Failed Kickstarter Product.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00068-00034921-00035383": "There we go! Right at the top and again you know how it's going to work.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00069-00035383-00035699": "Fixing one of Mythbusters Biggest Mistakes.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00070-00035781-00036345": "And it searches for and it comes up at the top under Allen's name as expected.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00071-00036523-00036579": "One more.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00072-00036579-00037297": "Real Rasengan v2.0(Awesome Cosplay Prop)and he comes up at the top.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00073-00037297-00037438": "I don't know what that is.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00074-00037438-00037648": "Maybe I should go back and watch that.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00075-00037730-00038129": "Can I beat a $20,000 BattleBot with Garbage?", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00076-00038129-00038664": "Well, it's Allen Pan so I am pretty sure he can, and then there he goes right up at the top.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00077-00038682-00039045": "Making people Mad by fixing other YouTuber's inventions.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00078-00039045-00039770": "And yeah I mean you know how the search engine works of course he is going to come up under the name of his own videos.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00079-00039807-00040070": "Okay now, let's try one of my videos.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00080-00040070-00040557": "The JingPad A1, I am gonna copy that and paste that into the search window.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00081-00040574-00040681": "And boom.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00082-00040681-00040934": "Well this no.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00083-00040934-00041122": "That's \"satisfying relax video\".", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00084-00041122-00041280": "That's not my channel.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00085-00041297-00041521": "That's somebody else uploaded the video.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00086-00041521-00042136": "Now we search for the exact name of this video but all of these that come up are from other channels,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00087-00042136-00042562": "not the exact name and most of them have far, far lower views.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00088-00042562-00042839": "So they aren't even as popular.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00089-00042903-00043206": "The Arpara 5k VR headset.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00090-00043221-00043414": "I am going to search for that,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00091-00043695-00044224": "exact name, and nothing.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00092-00044224-00044728": "Oh nope, somebody else can upload it and make money off of it but I can't.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00093-00044808-00045267": "But I kind of owe them because hopefully, they'll find me when they see those thumbnails.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00094-00045267-00045819": "That's why I don't really mind people using my videos because it's one way people find me", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00095-00045819-00046183": "because mine are usually shadowbanned and they don't come up.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00096-00046193-00046808": "I understand a lot of you want to say oh it's the way you dress or oh it's your content or oh it's the thumbnail.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00097-00046808-00047355": "If that's what was getting the videos flagged, all the other videos would also be getting flagged.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00098-00047355-00047942": "All the people who also uploaded my videos and use the same thumbnail and the same content.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00099-00047942-00048143": "They would get flagged also.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00100-00048143-00048346": "So it's not about the content.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00101-00048346-00049082": "It's about my channel specifically being targeted or they will be having the same exact restrictions.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00102-00049082-00049556": "It's also not limited to any one type of video where I am showing a lot of skin or anything.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00103-00049556-00050018": "It's just any video that does well ends up getting hidden from the search engine result.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00104-00050018-00050761": "Just being a popular video no matter what I am wearing it's enough for them to hide that video and only allow to show up like", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00105-00050761-00051254": "here is Becky Button I wanted to raise some money for her after her accident.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00106-00051254-00051634": "That's not a crazy outfit. You know, it's a T-shirt and shorts.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00107-00051634-00052229": "But that video is hidden and it's literally just a fundraiser for an American girl who got in a bad accident.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00108-00052229-00052519": "You know there is nothing sexy about that video.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00109-00052519-00052878": "But they hide it and only show up where other people uploaded it.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00110-00052888-00053655": "Okay, this video of Kim and I on a date is actually got restricted to 18 and up.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00111-00053655-00054054": "Maybe I am trying to trick some of you into dating women or something.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00112-00054054-00054652": "But it is restricted. But if you search for it, it pops right up under other people's channels.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00113-00054652-00055309": "It's not restricted they can upload it with no problem. It's only restricted if it's on my channel.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00114-00055369-00056037": "Okay we are going to be here all day, I mean it's almost half the videos of my channel.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00115-00056037-00056311": "So I am just going to run through them real quickly.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00116-00056311-00056913": "When you see a thumbnail that comes up, it's always somebody else's video that uploaded it, not my video.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00117-00056913-00057486": "Even though you see it in the results. It looks like it's mine is showing up but it is not.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00118-00057486-00058094": "All of these videos, my best videos are hidden from the results. Here, let me show you", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00119-00065179-00065329": "Interesting right?", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00120-00065329-00065654": "I’ll put the links in the description so you can try it for yourself.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00121-00065654-00066254": "See how many of my videos are hidden, then go check out another tech or DIY channel and", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00122-00066254-00066471": "see how many of theirs are.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00123-00066538-00066968": "Still, these are what they call first-world problems right?", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00124-00066983-00067119": "Now I’m lucky.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00125-00067129-00067520": "Most my most of my classmates are working the line at a factory,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00126-00067540-00067956": "mum worked the line her whole life and the work was hard.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00127-00067981-00068426": "Growing up, she taught me about bad bosses, unfair bosses,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00128-00068426-00068968": "bosses that try and dock your pay and take what you earned fair and square.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00129-00068985-00069768": "That’s just how the world works and YouTube is a lying, cheating, wage stealing boss just like all the rest.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00130-00069794-00070444": "You can’t cheat at a rigged game and I’m certainly not cheating just showing up for work", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00131-00070444-00070780": "wearing the same clothes I wear to the grocery store.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00132-00070836-00071436": "I’m not complaining, these are just the facts of running my channel as you can see for yourself.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00133-00071524-00072189": "Sure with them hiding more and more of my highest earning videos every month, I won’t lie,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00134-00072208-00072640": "it’s been getting pretty tight, harder to fund builds,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00135-00072640-00073424": "but I’m going to keep at it as long as I can or until YouTube hides so many I can’t afford to continue.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00136-00073424-00073843": "Momma didn’t raise a quitter but I got to pay the bills.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00137-00073851-00074303": "And that’s my choice, I can get some other kind of job,", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00138-00074303-00074741": "most of my friends with similar skillsets make quite a bit more than I do.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00139-00074795-00075129": "But as for cheating or doing this on easy mode?", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00140-00075129-00075549": "Well, I’ve got it easier than some, harder than others.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00141-00075549-00075817": "There’s no free lunch and life’s not fair.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00142-00075817-00076436": "But find me someone else in DIY or Tech whose best videos don’t come up when people search for them", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00143-00076436-00076887": "and I’ll believe you that I have an unfair advantage.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00144-00076941-00077222": "Just a little something to think about.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00145-00077255-00077598": "That’s it for today- I have more builds coming up soon.", "q1ex9y5hkYg-00146-00077598-00077985": "Until next time, if I can do it- anyone can do it."}}, {"audio_id": "q2dRZQRV074", "text": {"q2dRZQRV074-00000-00000000-00005500": "🌟 🇺🇸 Costume Doctor Aibolit Children — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "q29c9-JyM2Q", "text": {"q29c9-JyM2Q-00000-00000014-00000206": "Hi, thanks for watching this video!", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00001-00000206-00000638": "It’s from our Snapchat account so doesn’t have sound like a traditional video.", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00002-00000638-00001120": "This particular clip highlights the Living Legends award ceremony honoring author Mario", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00003-00001120-00001220": "Vargas Llosa.", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00004-00001220-00001684": "If you want more behind-the-scenes looks at our national monuments and museums, historical", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00005-00001684-00002101": "fun facts and even the occasional helpful hint in real time, make sure to follow us", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00006-00002101-00002209": "on Snapchat.", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00007-00002209-00002610": "Search for USAGov or use the Snapcode at the end of this video.", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00008-00002610-00003073": "Today we’re at the Library of Congress for the Living Legends ceremony.", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00009-00003073-00003575": "Vargas Llosa is one of the most influential writers in Latin American literature.", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00010-00003575-00003959": "He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2010.", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00011-00003959-00004557": "Past winners include: former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, Walter Cronkite,", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00012-00004557-00004994": "Muhammad Ali, Ray Charles, and Sally Ride.", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00013-00004994-00005408": "We’re here (program picture)", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00014-00005408-00005902": "The Librarian of Congress introduces the library and the award.", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00015-00005902-00006638": "Vargas Llosa joins the stage.", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00016-00006638-00007251": "Q&A with the Living Legend.", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00017-00007251-00007822": "“All my books represent who I am.”", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00018-00007822-00007933": "- Mario Vargas Llosa", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00019-00007933-00008436": "Vargas Llosa says learning about Flaubert taught him the hard work of writing.", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00020-00008436-00008739": "“I’d like to die being alive…”", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00021-00008739-00008988": "- Mario Vargas Llosa", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00022-00008988-00009147": "Living Legend", "q29c9-JyM2Q-00023-00009147-00009527": "To get our Snapchat stories in real-time, follow us using this Snapcode."}}, {"audio_id": "q38lHvLEXK0", "text": {"q38lHvLEXK0-00000-00000054-00000462": "It didn't take long for Dinah to arrive at Eisa's house. And when Eisa opens the door,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00001-00000462-00000750": "Dinah gives her a warm hug and both women greet", "q38lHvLEXK0-00002-00000750-00001266": "each other while they're all wrapped up. And Dinah's like: Hey you doing alright.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00003-00001356-00001800": "Then Eisa's like: Yeah, I'm good. I'm so glad you're here now.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00004-00001938-00002352": "And that's when Cain, the house dog rushes to the door all happy. During that time,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00005-00002352-00002898": "Eisa was being ambushed, Cain had been out in the backyard, so he wasn't able to assist her.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00006-00002958-00003324": "Otherwise, he would have. He was mostly a friendly dog but he was", "q38lHvLEXK0-00007-00003324-00003654": "notorious for intimidating other dogs in the neighborhood with his loud barking.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00008-00003708-00004182": "Now, he's waggling his tail and jumping up at Dinah and she's bending over to pet him", "q38lHvLEXK0-00009-00004182-00004626": "and scratching his chin and all that. And after that, the women get settled in, and", "q38lHvLEXK0-00010-00004734-00005406": "they're sitting on the couch. And you can clearly see there's a height and size difference between", "q38lHvLEXK0-00011-00005406-00006036": "Eisa and Dinah. The first thing you can tell is that Eisa has Dinah beat in the chest department.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00012-00006126-00006768": "Dinah is only about 5'5 but she weighs about as much as Eisa does. So, she has thicker", "q38lHvLEXK0-00013-00006768-00007440": "thighs and a rounder but and that brown skin is just glistening magnificently in that living", "q38lHvLEXK0-00014-00007440-00008328": "room light. And they both look great together. Salt and pepper, chocolate and vanilla, Lord.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00015-00008544-00008868": "And so after admiring and complimenting each other's outfits for a moment,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00016-00008868-00009318": "the ladies ease into that conversation about the ambush. And Eisa tells Dinah tells Eisa what", "q38lHvLEXK0-00017-00009318-00009732": "happened again but in greater detail. She's going on about how the guy burst through that", "q38lHvLEXK0-00018-00009732-00010158": "front door almost knocking her over and how he manhandled her. And how she thought she", "q38lHvLEXK0-00019-00010158-00010572": "was going to die and how he was on top of her and Dinah is really feeling for", "q38lHvLEXK0-00020-00010572-00011094": "Eisa too. Her eyes look wide and shocked and she's really appalled by this. And she's like,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00021-00011202-00011712": "\"So he did all of that and you still don't have a clue who would orchestrate something like this.\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00022-00011810-00012038": "Eisa shakes her head.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00023-00012038-00012504": "Dinah: Okay, well what about your little fans online. Have you been", "q38lHvLEXK0-00024-00012504-00012696": "getting any weird messages from any of them?", "q38lHvLEXK0-00025-00012792-00013224": "Eisa's blue eyes shift up as she's thinking for a moment and she's like,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00026-00013344-00013644": "\"People are always saying weird stuff. And yeah,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00027-00013710-00014369": "you've always got your haters but none of them have ever said anything threatening. She shrugs.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00028-00014369-00014490": "Dinah shakes her head.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00029-00014600-00015174": "Dinah: Some people are sick mentally and some are evil, Eisa, seriously.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00030-00015174-00015678": "So, I wouldn't put it past maybe say someone who has an obsession with you or something", "q38lHvLEXK0-00031-00015678-00016302": "like that and maybe they know how to hack computers and they stole your information.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00032-00016488-00017238": "Eisa shrugs and she sighs and she frowns looking into her lap. Then she utters, \"Dinah,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00033-00017304-00017442": "I think I did this.\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00034-00017598-00017802": "And Dinah leans in real close to Eisa.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00035-00017802-00017976": "Dinah: And why do you think that?", "q38lHvLEXK0-00036-00018074-00018474": "Eisa: Well, Dan and I have been trying for a baby", "q38lHvLEXK0-00037-00018474-00018846": "for 5 years now and for reason I haven't been able to get pregnant.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00038-00018920-00019440": "Dinah: Right, so that's why ya'll are always telling people that", "q38lHvLEXK0-00039-00019440-00019944": "you're waiting for the right time to have kids and that you have plans.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00040-00020042-00020520": "Eisa: Yes, and it was really like that for the first year of our marriage.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00041-00020610-00021108": "There was some things I wanted to do before having kids like traveling and seeing the world because", "q38lHvLEXK0-00042-00021108-00021762": "you know me and my passion for different cultures and foods. And then that was that time I told you", "q38lHvLEXK0-00043-00021762-00022428": "Dan and I went to that fancy restaurant in Los Angeles and that guy from a modeling agency came", "q38lHvLEXK0-00044-00022428-00023490": "up and tried to recruit me. Then the years went by and here I am, Mrs. Aubbut the YouTube cook.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00045-00023616-00024192": "And as Eisa is talking is talking, Dinah's really listening and she's like, \"Okay,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00046-00024192-00024834": "so I understand that you may have some regrets about past decisions. I think we all feel regret", "q38lHvLEXK0-00047-00024834-00025314": "from time to time but what does this have to do with you not being capable of produce a baby.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00048-00025488-00025776": "Eisa was trying to get around to part but", "q38lHvLEXK0-00049-00025866-00026345": "Dinah's insistence on getting to the point was really forcing her to be direct and she", "q38lHvLEXK0-00050-00026345-00026777": "wasn't a very direct person like that. So, Eisa takes a deep breath and she's like,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00051-00026886-00027533": "\"I think this regret might be getting to me deep inside. Like maybe I'm holding on to it.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00052-00027689-00028248": "Ya know, Dinah, there are times in the night when I get this uncontrollable urge;", "q38lHvLEXK0-00053-00028338-00028698": "these thoughts about wanting to transform Dan into something more.\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00054-00028895-00029492": "And then Dinah's like shaking her head, you know. But Eisa, she continues.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00055-00029492-00029910": "Eisa: And sometimes Dinah I have thoughts about wanting to replace him.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00056-00030102-00030672": "And that's when Eisa's face turns red and passionate like it does when she's under stress.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00057-00030768-00031206": "And then sees this so she immediately takes hold of Eisa's hands to comfort her.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00058-00031206-00031806": "And then, Eisa's like, \"And sometimes, I get to having thoughts about other men like", "q38lHvLEXK0-00059-00031806-00032448": "I did last night and when this happens, it's so hard to hold back those thoughts.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00060-00032586-00032970": "Dinah's eyes were wide and she's like, \"Oh my God!\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00061-00032970-00033348": "Eisa: Yes, I know. It's awful", "q38lHvLEXK0-00062-00033414-00034038": "but that's what happened last night. I just want to be the best wife I can possibly be for Dan.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00063-00034038-00034548": "But when that feeling takes over, it causes me to do and say some really bad things. I mean,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00064-00034548-00035070": "this feeling had me calling out to God, praying that he sends another man to put it on me!", "q38lHvLEXK0-00065-00035138-00035580": "Dinah: Put it on you? Oh, oh Lord!", "q38lHvLEXK0-00066-00035684-00036534": "Eisa: I know, Dinah. But look here. After I prayed to God look at what happened. These actors show up", "q38lHvLEXK0-00067-00036534-00037140": "and that guy ended up on top of me. And if I didn't use that safe word, it was going down.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00068-00037284-00037542": "Dinah looks away and she's shaking her head and she's like,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00069-00037614-00038444": "\"Oh, no, Eisa. No no no. God is not going to help you commit adultery, girl. That's the devil.\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00070-00038444-00039054": "Eisa: But I wasn't talking to the devil, Dinah. I was talking to God!", "q38lHvLEXK0-00071-00039140-00039492": "Dinah: Where? Where were you talking to God?", "q38lHvLEXK0-00072-00039744-00040206": "Eisa sighs and she's like, \"I'm always doing it alone in the bathroom after", "q38lHvLEXK0-00073-00040206-00040920": "Dan and I try for a baby. That feeling, it comes over me and I can't help it.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00074-00041006-00041256": "Dinah: And you're praying aloud?", "q38lHvLEXK0-00075-00041330-00041490": "Eisa: Yes...", "q38lHvLEXK0-00076-00041630-00042030": "Dinah: I remember when you told me when y'all bought the house.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00077-00042150-00042528": "And you said the seller was this weird guy or whatever right?", "q38lHvLEXK0-00078-00042690-00043218": "Dinah was trying to keep Eisa grounded and focused on mundane explanations for why things were", "q38lHvLEXK0-00079-00043218-00044052": "occurring. And Eisa was hoping that this was the case; that there was just a simple worldly reason", "q38lHvLEXK0-00080-00044052-00044616": "for these things rather than her colluding with the devil. And so now she would answer Dinah with,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00081-00044712-00045234": "\"Well, Dan had already had the house for a year before me.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00082-00045294-00045984": "But, when I moved in with him he said that he saw the seller returning to the property periodically.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00083-00046068-00046290": "And that's when Dan had all the locks changed.\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00084-00046482-00047058": "Dinah:Okay, so that's something we can work with. Look, me and Richard had to deal with", "q38lHvLEXK0-00085-00047058-00047592": "some harassment throughout our marriage. And a few times, we had hired a counter-surveillance", "q38lHvLEXK0-00086-00047592-00047922": "company to check our house. Yeah, uh, let me show you.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00087-00048006-00048528": "Dinah gets off that couch and she walks into the kitchen where Eisa keeps her laptop. She sits down", "q38lHvLEXK0-00088-00048528-00049050": "on that stool to access the computer, opening the browser where she does a google search.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00089-00049190-00049914": "Dinah: Here's the website to this counter security company.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00090-00050130-00050448": "And they offer a lot of very helpful services.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00091-00050568-00051102": "They'll have people come by and sweep your whole house and your car for bugs and things like that.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00092-00051186-00051588": "And you can see here that there rates are reasonable too.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00093-00051828-00052404": "And as Dinah is scrolling along the webpage, Eisa's standing over her shoulder using them icy", "q38lHvLEXK0-00094-00052404-00053046": "blue eyes to analyze all the information thereon. So now, she can see that she has various options", "q38lHvLEXK0-00095-00053046-00053676": "on how she can go about dealing with what could be a stalker, be they the internet kind or the", "q38lHvLEXK0-00096-00053676-00054360": "kind who might personally know her. And again, this brings some comfort to her to some degree,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00097-00054438-00055170": "but it's still disturbing for to know that a stalker could be preying on her.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00098-00055236-00055536": "So with that in mind, Eisa would change the subject.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00099-00055596-00055962": "She was very good at doing this to escape uncomfortable situations. So, she's like,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00100-00056028-00056838": "\"This is really helpful information. But while we're online, I'd like you to take a look at this.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00101-00056982-00057444": "Eisa had taken the sweet roles business card along with the receipt that had a copy of", "q38lHvLEXK0-00102-00057444-00057960": "the invoice on it and she had put it in one of the kitchen drawers for the time being.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00103-00058026-00058794": "So, she goes to retrieve that and the document and she sets them down on the counter for Dinah.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00104-00058878-00059304": "Now, Dinah looks at that business card first which has the website on it.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00105-00059382-00060216": "She's like, \"Sweet roles escort service. Girl, let me see what's going on here.\" Okay,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00106-00060216-00060714": "now when Eisa (and Dinah) get to the website she is immediately flooded with all sorts of sexually", "q38lHvLEXK0-00107-00060714-00061446": "explicit ads, some of which are nude photos of men and women striking sexually suggestive poses with", "q38lHvLEXK0-00108-00061446-00062105": "their genitalia covered with little emotes. There are men of various ethnicities, most of which are", "q38lHvLEXK0-00109-00062105-00062814": "young men with 200-pound muscular builds, one of which is a bald black guy with bulky muscles. He's", "q38lHvLEXK0-00110-00062814-00063264": "wearing nothing but jeans that are sagging down partially exposing his toned buttocks.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00111-00063324-00063941": "And when Dinah sees this, she's like, \"Oh Lord have mercy! Let me get up off of here. This", "q38lHvLEXK0-00112-00063941-00064626": "is mhm, this is too much. Oh no, no no. umhm...She says all that shaking her head all sassily.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00113-00064705-00065094": "Dinah: And then look what they're going to do. They're going to hit you with this stuff right", "q38lHvLEXK0-00114-00065094-00065610": "when you get on here, too! Girl, I couldn't even make it to the order forms on here.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00115-00065814-00066222": "And Eisa was standing beside Dinah and she had seen those pictures of those shirtless men on", "q38lHvLEXK0-00116-00066222-00066762": "there and her face was starting to turn red again. But this time she looked away,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00117-00066762-00067260": "and she was trying to hide her expression from Dinah by turning around and making it", "q38lHvLEXK0-00118-00067260-00067626": "seem like she was looking for some dishes in the cabinet and all this kinda stuff.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00119-00067758-00068208": "Then Dinah's like, \"Eisa, did you try calling the contact number on", "q38lHvLEXK0-00120-00068208-00068730": "this business card to ask those actors what the deal was about that confirmation number?\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00121-00068910-00069366": "It hadn't occurred to Eisa that she should do that. And this is likely because she was", "q38lHvLEXK0-00122-00069366-00069852": "so intent on getting straight to the bottom of things that she had went and dialed the", "q38lHvLEXK0-00123-00069852-00070482": "number the confirmation call had been made to only to find that it was out of service. So,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00124-00070482-00071022": "instead of answering Dinah and having to relieve the trauma of dealing with that, Eisa did what", "q38lHvLEXK0-00125-00071022-00071466": "she does best when she gets uncomfortable. She evades by changing the subject again.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00126-00071516-00071856": "Eisa: Well, that's exactly why I called you first.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00127-00071928-00072564": "But you know, it's almost noon so I'm just gonna make us lunch. Is that okay?", "q38lHvLEXK0-00128-00072684-00073206": "And that actually works to divert Dinah's attention. And she's like, \"That sounds awesome,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00129-00073206-00073698": "cuz girl I didn't have nothin but some raisin bran this morning. So what're you gonna make?\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00130-00073800-00074202": "\"Grilled chicken sandwiches and a garden salad,\" Eisa answers cheerfully.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00131-00074202-00074436": "Dinah: Oh, that sounds good!", "q38lHvLEXK0-00132-00074532-00074828": "Dina says this rising out of that stool.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00133-00074828-00075324": "Dinah: But, uh, you know you gonna have to let wash and season that chicken, right?", "q38lHvLEXK0-00134-00075414-00075774": "\"Uh, no,\" Eisa says looking seriously at Dinah.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00135-00075774-00076254": "Eisa: You don't warsh chicken. It's very unsanitary and you risk", "q38lHvLEXK0-00136-00076254-00076632": "getting salmonella all over the place. And we don't want anyone getting sick around here.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00137-00076824-00077472": "Dinah nods and backs off a bit. She's like, \"Oh, alright miss nutritionist. I'ma let chu", "q38lHvLEXK0-00138-00077472-00077988": "do your thang but you still gotta lemme season that chicken. Do y'all have seasoning salt?\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00139-00078060-00078468": "Eisa shakes her head and she sighs.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00140-00078468-00078966": "Eisa: Yes Dinah. We have seasoning. It's in the cupboard to your left.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00141-00079248-00079650": "And after that, Eisa starts on the salad first and while she's doing this,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00142-00079650-00079926": "she gets Dinah to help her film the preparation process. So,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00143-00079926-00080520": "she's cutting the vegetables, most of which she grew in her private garden in the backyard. Yep,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00144-00080520-00080874": "Eisa is not only an expert baker but she's an excellent gardener, too.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00145-00080874-00081204": "The climate in Missouri, particularly southern Missouri can reach temperatures", "q38lHvLEXK0-00146-00081204-00081774": "comparable with that of the Mediterranean. So, Eisa would have planted seeds in spring", "q38lHvLEXK0-00147-00081774-00082350": "which began a little late that year and she would have harvested these crops at the end", "q38lHvLEXK0-00148-00082350-00082896": "of September which is late Summer. And they're at the end of September, so Eisa gets out her", "q38lHvLEXK0-00149-00082896-00083682": "vegetables which she keeps stored in ziplock bags. So, she whips up that salad in no time,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00150-00083766-00084294": "substituting ranch for an olive oil-based dressing and an optional", "q38lHvLEXK0-00151-00084294-00084786": "yogurt-based dressing as well. All of these she recommends and presents to her audience.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00152-00084882-00085584": "Next, Dinah seasons that grilled chicken breast. Yeah, that white meat; salt, pepper,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00153-00085584-00086178": "garlic powder, and she's about to add seasoning salt too as they're filming and Eisa's like,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00154-00086232-00086526": "\"We already have enough salt on there.\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00155-00086640-00087036": "So, Dinah snickers and she cancels right when she was about to pour it on.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00156-00087120-00087762": "Now, Eisa, she's sponsored by a company that sells indoor electric grills, so she uses this", "q38lHvLEXK0-00157-00087762-00088452": "particular model of grill for cooking chicken breasts. And after say 20-25 minutes, the chicken", "q38lHvLEXK0-00158-00088452-00089304": "is an orange golden brown color and Eisa adds a squirt of lemon juice on it to finish it off.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00159-00089454-00090012": "Okay, now some cooks that just show their hands doing all the work, Eisa will use a combination", "q38lHvLEXK0-00160-00090012-00090474": "of these techniques. When she's seasoning and sprinkling she'll do the hand thing. But when", "q38lHvLEXK0-00161-00090474-00090858": "she's putting things on the grill and putting things in and taking things out of the oven", "q38lHvLEXK0-00162-00090918-00091500": "you'll see her thin body bending and reaching and there are various shots of what she's wearing,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00163-00091500-00091776": "etc. And then after she's done making the meal,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00164-00091776-00092184": "she likes to show the finished product of the dish resting on the counter in front of her.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00165-00092244-00092718": "In this case, it would be here and Dinah. And lastly, she'll close out with,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00166-00092718-00093378": "Eisa: Well, everyone, this concludes our cooking session for today and so now Dinah and I are", "q38lHvLEXK0-00167-00093378-00093978": "gonna have this delicious meal for lunch. Thanks for tuning in and make sure to like,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00168-00094050-00094422": "subscribe, and don't forget to hit that notification bell for more cooking sessions.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00169-00094506-00095082": "Y'all stay blessed now! And she waives and she flashes those pearly whites, looking all", "q38lHvLEXK0-00170-00095082-00095520": "pretty with that silky red hair going on. And down in the comment section, people are like,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00171-00095664-00095922": "\"Another good cooking session. Thanks for the upload.\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00172-00096048-00096198": "\"Grilled chicken is my favorite!\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00173-00096312-00096552": "Then you have those simping sorts.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00174-00096672-00096930": "\"A lady who knows how to cook is my sort of woman.\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00175-00097074-00097296": "\"Oh, you're so pretty I love you!\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00176-00097446-00097626": "\"Thank you, sister, praise God!\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00177-00097824-00098130": "And after all that, Eisa and Dinah sit at the counter,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00178-00098196-00098772": "and right when they are about to eat, Dinah's like, \"Let's say a prayer.\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00179-00098880-00099084": "So they both bow their heads.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00180-00099240-00099894": "And Dinah's like, \"Lord we thank you for the food before us, the friends beside us, the love", "q38lHvLEXK0-00181-00099894-00100674": "between us, and your presence among us. And most importantly may your miracles through this food", "q38lHvLEXK0-00182-00100674-00101394": "to heal our bodies and our minds if need be so that we may bare healthy children oh Lord. Amen!\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00183-00101508-00101856": "Eisa then raises her head and opens her eyes and says with a smile,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00184-00102012-00102348": "\"I see you added that healing part at the end there. That's very nice. Thank you.\"", "q38lHvLEXK0-00185-00102348-00102696": "Dinah: Yes, I did. You know I love you, girl.", "q38lHvLEXK0-00186-00102828-00103535": "That's when Eisa's phone rings. She looks at it and it's Dan calling from work. And she's like,", "q38lHvLEXK0-00187-00103661-00104058": "\"Oh, it's Dan.\" She stands up and answers the phone."}}, {"audio_id": "q3kqQ5uCF-0", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "q3uDXp0-EkY", "text": {"q3uDXp0-EkY-00000-00000000-00000575": "Besides being the fastest animal on earth a cheetah is sensitive animals that sometimes get a bit anxious", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00001-00000652-00001221": "the big cats as some may refer to them rarely socialize and get stressed to reproduce and", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00002-00001284-00001886": "because the world is almost losing the big cats we need to do something or else they become extinct and", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00003-00001914-00002186": "Surprisingly the help comes from a very unlikely source", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00004-00002293-00002568": "Over the years and with the need to help cheetahs", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00005-00002617-00003179": "Ever-increasing zoo keepers have resulted in assigning cheetahs dogs as a way of supporting them emotionally", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00006-00003268-00003974": "According to Jack Grisham of st. Louis Zoo. It's a story where the survival of one species depends on that of the other one", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00007-00004027-00004697": "Because cheetahs are naturally shy they can easily pick clues from a commanding dog and according to janetrose", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00008-00004698-00004979": "henna Strasse of San Diego Zoo Safari Park", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00009-00004996-00005652": "When a cheetah cub and a guide dog are paired together the cheetah has much to learn from the dog in terms of behavior", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00010-00005703-00006302": "The cheetah learns to be calm and with this comes confidence and power to continue with the journey of life", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00011-00006361-00006767": "That is true cheetahs gain a lot from this experience and can procreate", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00012-00006859-00007413": "Cheetahs are not social animals and are at times quite shy hence. The reason they need a support dog", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00013-00007417-00007767": "Cheetahs can be anxious and stressed which prevents them from breeding", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00014-00007809-00008525": "They are slowly becoming extinct when dogs are present the cheetah can relax and learn positive behaviors", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00015-00008525-00009239": "They can mimic a true love story of different species helping each other cheetahs need to learning to calm happy vibes from the dog", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00016-00009313-00010007": "Blog page bark pooch dot-com Facebook Fanpage Twitter Instagram Pinterest. I love my dogs", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00017-00010081-00010281": "We hope you liked the video", "q3uDXp0-EkY-00018-00010311-00010571": "Please hit the subscribe button to get more updates"}}, {"audio_id": "q3DLbXC_sq0", "text": {"q3DLbXC_sq0-00000-00000052-00000950": "Years ago, I remember reading from a baseball book - and I've also heard this said in cricket", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00001-00000950-00002146": "as well - the concept that to be a good fielder, you have to want the ball to come to you.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00002-00002146-00002281": "And that always stuck with me.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00003-00002281-00003121": "I mean, clearly, just literally speaking, wanting the ball to come to you does not make", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00004-00003121-00003654": "it any more likely to come to you, the way you might just be standing out in that field", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00005-00003654-00004175": "for a long time, and maybe the ball comes to you, maybe it doesn't.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00006-00004175-00004813": "So why would wanting the ball to come to you make a difference?", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00007-00004813-00006071": "It seems like this is part of making an active mindset, a mindset that is ready to face challenges", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00008-00006071-00006642": "and new experiences, new opportunities, being ready.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00009-00006642-00007767": "The idea of wanting the ball to come to you sets up this mentality of I am ready to take", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00010-00007767-00008113": "whatever comes my way.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00011-00008113-00008672": "Versus the opposite, of not wanting the ball to come to you, is more like, oh, how can", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00012-00008672-00009518": "I hide and how can I just get through this day without anything happening?", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00013-00009518-00010366": "Which is a much more passive approach to life, where you just hope that nothing happens.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00014-00010366-00011431": "So, I am not- I don't play much baseball, or certainly much cricket, but I like thinking", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00015-00011431-00011936": "of this- I like using this metaphor for life.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00016-00011936-00012778": "I've certainly spent a lot of my life with a more passive mindset of just trying to avoid", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00017-00012778-00013938": "challenges, trying to get by, just like a fielder hoping that the ball never comes to", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00018-00013938-00014932": "him, just hoping that he can stand there, get through the day, get through the experience,", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00019-00014932-00015047": "and just be done.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00020-00015047-00015669": "Which, you know, when I put it in those words, is kind of a terrible mindset.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00021-00015669-00016184": "But imagine the mindset of I am ready for some new challenge.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00022-00016184-00016334": "I am ready for something to hit me.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00023-00016334-00017295": "I am just on guard and prepared to meet whatever challenge comes my way.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00024-00017295-00017679": "That is the active approach to life.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00025-00017679-00018312": "And I think that what I find interesting is the idea that, you know, wanting something", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00026-00018312-00018953": "or not wanting it, that doesn't change reality, but it changes the mindset with which we face", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00027-00018953-00019848": "whatever happens, so that I can accept happily every time there's a new challenge.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00028-00019848-00020232": "It's not like, oh, why did I have to take this challenge?", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00029-00020232-00020719": "Why do I need another problem, yet another problem in my way?", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00030-00020719-00021033": "When is it going to end?", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00031-00021033-00021521": "Versus, okay, here we go, here's a challenge, now I will address this challenge.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00032-00021521-00021779": "I'm ready to address it.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00033-00021779-00022213": "That's the difference.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00034-00022213-00023388": "So I'm going to work on cultivating this mindset where I am happy to take on challenges.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00035-00023388-00024044": "Of course, not creating trouble, never creating trouble where it's not necessary, because", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00036-00024044-00024495": "there's always enough challenge.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00037-00024495-00024980": "There's never a need to create new trouble.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00038-00024980-00025264": "There's always more than enough to go around.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00039-00025264-00026107": "But an attitude of whatever happens to come, I am ready, and I will happily embrace it.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00040-00026107-00026911": "When I start my day, I have a plan, a program for what I'm going to do with that day, but", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00041-00026911-00027891": "there can always be interruptions, surprises, unexpected problems and challenges to deal", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00042-00027891-00029043": "with, and I can go into my day accepting gladly the idea that this is going to be part of", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00043-00029043-00029143": "a day.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00044-00029143-00029777": "This is part of what it means to live, is to have these things popping up every day.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00045-00029777-00030599": "And again, of course, not encouraging problems, and if there are problems popping up, I can", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00046-00030599-00031249": "later analyze, you know, why are these interruptions happening, and perhaps make changes so that", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00047-00031249-00031677": "they don't happen again, or don't happen unnecessarily.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00048-00031677-00032600": "But each time that a challenge does happen, I think the ideal is to face it just like", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00049-00032600-00033361": "a fielder on the field ready for a ball to be hit to me at any moment, so that problems", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00050-00033361-00033496": "can pop up any moment.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00051-00033496-00034168": "New challenges, new surprises we have to deal with, can pop up every moment.", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00052-00034168-00034715": "And rather than lamenting them, we can be happy that it's now time to deal with the", "q3DLbXC_sq0-00053-00034715-00034987": "next challenge, and that's the task of life."}}, {"audio_id": "q3Prl6qgUpu", "text": {"q3Prl6qgUpu-00000-00000024-00000474": "LactMed® contains information on drugs and other chemicals to which breastfeeding", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00001-00000474-00001042": "mothers may be exposed. To access LactMed® go to the TOXNET homepage and click on the", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00002-00001042-00001676": "LactMed link. Lactmed provides evidence based information on the levels and amounts of drugs", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00003-00001676-00002230": "and chemicals in breast milk and infant blood, as well as possible adverse effects on the", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00004-00002230-00002810": "infant. When appropriate, LactMed records also suggest therapeutic alternatives.", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00005-00002810-00003123": "LactMed is a peer reviewed resource that is updated monthly.", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00006-00003123-00003911": "Let’s enter the asthma drug Terbutaline into the search field. The results page tells", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00007-00003911-00004409": "us that the first result is the primary record for the drug, all of the other results simply", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00008-00004409-00004669": "contain one or more mentions of Terbutaline.", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00009-00004669-00005308": "When we click on the first result, we have the Terbutaline entry in LactMed.", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00010-00005308-00005773": "Summary of Use during Lactation: this is a very brief take-away message about the drug", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00011-00005773-00006118": "or chemicals effect on lactation and infant health.", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00012-00006118-00006709": "In this case, it’s good news-- use of inhaled bronchodilators is acceptable during breastfeeding", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00013-00006709-00007360": "because of the low bioavailability and maternal serum levels after use. After that statement", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00014-00007360-00007792": "you see a number of footnotes. If you scroll down to the bottom of the page", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00015-00007792-00008246": "you’ll see the references section-- this is the scientific evidence the editors used", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00016-00008246-00008792": "for this entry. Many of the references have a hyperlinked PMID number. That’s the PubMed", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00017-00008792-00009479": "ID number, a unique identifier for each abstract in PubMed, and hyperlink that will take you", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00018-00009479-00010096": "to the article’s record in the PubMed database. Let’s go back to the LactMed entry. Scrolling", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00019-00010096-00010629": "back up, after the summary of use during lactation section, we also see:", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00020-00010629-00010972": "Drug Levels Effects in Breastfed Infants", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00021-00010972-00011275": "and Effects on Lactation and Breast milk", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00022-00011275-00011859": "In addition to searching LactMed for a specific drug, we can look up an entire class of drugs.", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00023-00011859-00012360": "This time, instead of using the search option, let’s click on the “Browse LactMed”", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00024-00012360-00012835": "button. This is just a slightly different way to access information in LactMed. Once", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00025-00012835-00013380": "we start typing, we’ll see terms that match what we’ve entered-- in this case bronchodilators--", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00026-00013380-00013822": "the number in the parentheses tells us how many results there are in Lactmed for that", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00027-00013822-00014541": "specific term. So we see with the term bronchodilators, there are 16 results in LactMed.", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00028-00014541-00015044": "LactMed also contains dietary supplements, such as Buckthorn. In addition to the individual", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00029-00015044-00015641": "records for dietary supplements, the homepage has an “About Dietary Supplements” link", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00030-00015641-00016231": "to important regulatory and safety information about dietary supplements.", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00031-00016231-00016805": "The LactMed resource is also available as an app for iPhones, iPads, and Android devices.", "q3Prl6qgUpu-00032-00016805-00017297": "From the LactMed homepage, simply click on the LactMed app link."}}, {"audio_id": "q3acHs6VDS8", "text": {"q3acHs6VDS8-00000-00001140-00001427": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00001-00001427-00001477": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00002-00001477-00001527": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00003-00001596-00001796": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00004-00001796-00001846": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00005-00001846-00001896": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00006-00001903-00002103": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00007-00002103-00002153": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00008-00002177-00002227": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00009-00002227-00002277": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00010-00002277-00002327": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00011-00002327-00002377": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00012-00002423-00002623": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00013-00002623-00002673": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00014-00002673-00002723": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00015-00002738-00002938": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00016-00002938-00002988": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00017-00003032-00003232": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00018-00003232-00003282": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00019-00003318-00003518": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00020-00003518-00003568": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00021-00003568-00003618": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00022-00003618-00003668": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00023-00003668-00003718": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00024-00003718-00003768": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00025-00004682-00004732": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00026-00004732-00004782": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00027-00011879-00012079": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media", "q3acHs6VDS8-00028-00012079-00012129": "Malaika Arora HOT Bikini Photoshoot Viral On Social Media"}}, {"audio_id": "q49xP7PXS04", "text": {"q49xP7PXS04-00000-00000090-00000234": "Hello, and welcome to another video!", "q49xP7PXS04-00001-00000262-00000338": "today i'll be showing the album", "q49xP7PXS04-00002-00000340-00000404": "''Poet | Artist''", "q49xP7PXS04-00003-00000409-00000508": "from Jonghyun", "q49xP7PXS04-00004-00000584-00000784": "it was his last album >-<", "q49xP7PXS04-00005-00000836-00000972": "Particularly, this album looks very beautiful", "q49xP7PXS04-00006-00001002-00001286": "and hope you appreciate the video", "q49xP7PXS04-00007-00001294-00001448": "and the album ^^", "q49xP7PXS04-00008-00004644-00004844": "*translate of the text in portuguese*", "q49xP7PXS04-00009-00006472-00006548": "* dude, what a cute man is this *", "q49xP7PXS04-00010-00007836-00007912": "* aa these pics, what a beautiful thing *", "q49xP7PXS04-00011-00011476-00011542": "* my kokoro can't handle it, is too much for me ugh *", "q49xP7PXS04-00012-00012424-00012488": "* omg ;3; *", "q49xP7PXS04-00013-00014334-00014394": "* this photobook is TOO MUCHH ;-; AA *", "q49xP7PXS04-00014-00015928-00015990": "* look at this pic, gosh *", "q49xP7PXS04-00015-00018672-00018740": "* not gonna lie, but i'm feeling emotive editing this video *", "q49xP7PXS04-00016-00018740-00018794": "* but let's keep on, bc this album is gorgeous <3 *", "q49xP7PXS04-00017-00022146-00022228": "* lovely *", "q49xP7PXS04-00018-00028214-00029108": "Thanks for Watching!"}}, {"audio_id": "q4yc_HzTjh4", "text": {"q4yc_HzTjh4-00000-00000166-00015702": "(Playing Night Train)", "q4yc_HzTjh4-00001-00015702-00016266": "(Cheering and Applause)", "q4yc_HzTjh4-00002-00016266-00016520": "(Playing Zeal)", "q4yc_HzTjh4-00003-00016676-00017460": "(Playing Zeal)"}}, {"audio_id": "q4Tl0sWtx6U", "text": {"q4Tl0sWtx6U-00000-00001184-00002456": "damn damn ko and it's time for our next reaction for who framed roger rabbit i'm", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00001-00002456-00003120": "excited for another classic it's been a long long long time since i've seen this one again maybe", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00002-00003192-00003752": "hell maybe 20 25 years like i remember seeing this when i was like 10 11. you know i've seen", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00003-00003752-00004160": "it a couple times when i was little but you know about to go and check out this classic", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00004-00004160-00004672": "um so again if you enjoy yourself make sure you let me know in the comments also you can like and", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00005-00004672-00005304": "subscribe if you enjoyed yourself um but the other thing is if you like to see these reactions in", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00006-00005304-00005896": "full you know not edited you know from beginning to end consider becoming a member in which i hold", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00007-00005896-00006536": "monthly um monthly giveaways as well where people can win the oculus nintendo switch", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00008-00006536-00007072": "computers and so many other prizes as well so the links are at the bottom but in the meantime", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00009-00007072-00007672": "hopefully you enjoy this reaction so let's go and get this started who framed roger rabbit", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00010-00007959-00008584": "my man's on the saxophone hitting it", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00011-00009808-00009904": "he's mad as", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00012-00010896-00011296": "to sneak up on rogers rock rogers rabbits right sings", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00013-00011520-00011688": "i didn't catch none of this [__] when i was young", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00014-00011744-00012160": "humans only oh damn one man's laid out he dead", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00015-00012416-00012784": "what's with her", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00016-00012928-00013840": "he can't talk oh later i know what that means now makes sense why he at the bar oh wow here's", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00017-00013840-00014784": "to the pencil pushes oh [__] he look like he stinks to the stars chilly willy a screwy squirrel", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00018-00014904-00015584": "working for little bunk people she's lost to sheep when you're gonna help her find him he got jokes", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00019-00015768-00015847": "oh [__]", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00020-00016096-00017408": "i don't work but oh oh toon killed his brother oh [__] dropped the piano on his head", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00021-00017576-00017904": "damn that's why his ass drinking and very", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00022-00018024-00018608": "discriminatory against cartoons [__] i'll be pissed too cartoon kill my brother [__]", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00023-00018832-00018896": "nice monkey", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00024-00019320-00019376": "wise", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00025-00019376-00020056": "ass oh this means war", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00026-00020304-00020392": "oh hell no", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00027-00020640-00021184": "boy you get your ass beat for doing something like that that's like stepping somebody's shoe", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00028-00022000-00022192": "no we fighting we fighting bro", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00029-00023216-00024008": "he tried to murder him", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00030-00024008-00024248": "uh jessica ain't no rabbit", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00031-00024336-00024904": "he ain't get the memo she fixing her pants and her legs you share her stockings", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00032-00025176-00025288": "he like holy", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00033-00026512-00026783": "they even got the shadows stuff on her on his face", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00034-00027504-00027880": "did a really great job to be like in the 80s or early 90s", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00035-00027960-00028408": "incorporate cartoons with real people this is before photoshop", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00036-00028864-00029583": "you heard it in the back oh oh hahaha oh", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00037-00029695-00030248": "oh man you're doing jump are you calling a chomp chimp", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00038-00032160-00032672": "patty cake that didn't sound like patty cake that sounds like something else", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00039-00032984-00033232": "you're not the first man his wife patty cake on him", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00040-00033616-00033784": "oh man", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00041-00034072-00035184": "i don't believe it it can't be really you playing patty cake", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00042-00036168-00036584": "damn i see it was loud on my ears", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00043-00037376-00037448": "please", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00044-00037656-00038064": "all right so they went on vacation and everything like they had a good old time", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00045-00038376-00038864": "because you reminiscing this [__] oh that's his brother", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00046-00039072-00039688": "oh damn that's why you don't want to do nothing his brother got killed by tom", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00047-00039784-00040048": "see i never realized that none of this", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00048-00040632-00040952": "never and you see hollywood in the back never realized that", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00049-00041016-00041776": "theodore valiant his brother was oh that's all dusty [__] you might want to clean that bro", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00050-00042128-00042384": "and valiant crack nephew kidnapping", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00051-00042616-00042792": "goofy clear to spy charges", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00052-00043072-00043584": "lapd 1925 new clowns on the beat oh wow they was really", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00053-00043792-00044136": "ringling and burning brothers in the bayley circus", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00054-00044272-00045144": "on the road with dad that was their dad two flat foots and floozy into business damn see", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00055-00045144-00045560": "this is a lot deeper than i thought from when i was a kid i ain't catching none of that [__]", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00056-00045800-00046448": "it makes sense why he's an alcoholic now kill me i already got a stiff on my hands thank you", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00057-00046840-00047576": "got a stiff on my hands last night just ran to drop a safe in a guy's head sorry eddie", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00058-00047656-00047808": "damn better wait here all right", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00059-00048024-00048328": "that's awkward oh we'll be always", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00060-00048624-00048880": "or did you change your name to jack daniels", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00061-00049048-00049656": "damn like y'all disrespectful punk ass [__] mate", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00062-00050208-00050448": "oh damn you're proud of me smack your", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00063-00051120-00051272": "oh we got kicked in the ball", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00064-00051536-00052120": "oh damn christopher lloyd removing evidence from the scene of a crime i did not know that was", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00065-00052208-00052279": "christopher lloyd", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00066-00052767-00053408": "oh [__] he even do nothing", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00067-00053408-00053720": "warner brothers approved this my man's just murdered a shoe", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00068-00053928-00053960": "yo", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00069-00054520-00055391": "yo is this rated r ladies man huh my problem is i got a 50 year old lust and a three-year-old dinky", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00070-00055976-00056184": "get out of that chair", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00071-00056824-00057584": "scared the [__]", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00072-00058144-00058488": "but tell me eddie is that a rabbit in your pocket you're just happy to see me", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00073-00058800-00058984": "wow", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00074-00059728-00060384": "he just slipped out of his head", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00075-00061679-00061784": "prostate", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00076-00062872-00063312": "i'm just drawn that way my battle just drawn that way", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00077-00064088-00064584": "yeah that looks so bad", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00078-00067216-00067568": "she about to owe thousands and thousands of dollars in property damage", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00079-00067624-00067888": "um hit him with the one two", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00080-00068208-00068240": "damn", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00081-00068472-00068864": "damn oh he put a switchblade on his ass", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00082-00069072-00069312": "gotcha i'm gonna blow his head", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00083-00069616-00070184": "whipped it whipping it", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00084-00072288-00072448": "and he's gone oh", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00085-00072928-00073696": "damn they got murder they got murder sex and drugs in this in this show how did w be allowed", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00086-00074080-00074424": "look at that blow a hole in somebody's chest", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00087-00075184-00075256": "damn [__]", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00088-00075616-00075784": "singing and [__]", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00089-00076120-00076480": "seeing birds damn smack the [__] out the birds", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00090-00076928-00077184": "oh", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00091-00077672-00077696": "oh", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00092-00078024-00078736": "got mickey skydiving and bugs jumping without a parachute it's cool to see them in the same movie", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00093-00079096-00079320": "a spare tire or a hail knob", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00094-00080008-00080040": "wow", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00095-00080248-00080480": "oh oh god", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00096-00081000-00081384": "oh a blank piece of paper", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00097-00083848-00084184": "oh god", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00098-00085360-00086752": "flipping and [__] i don't think so wow they really dying of laughter literally", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00099-00086920-00086984": "oh", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00100-00087248-00087384": "bill go punting his ass", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00101-00087680-00088384": "looking like batman and [__] he kicked the [__] out of him", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00102-00088640-00088720": "oh that was smart", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00103-00088976-00089784": "oh kicked him in the [__] right in here", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00104-00090352-00091184": "surprised not really that lame brave freeway idea could only be cooked up by a zone", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00105-00092016-00092944": "yeah look crazy [__] damn damn cake oh", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00106-00093224-00093984": "oh man this [__] is violent", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00107-00094136-00094160": "oh", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00108-00094696-00095008": "he ain't gonna make it damn he getting all that [__]", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00109-00095768-00096016": "he was melting like the wicked witch of the west", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00110-00096104-00096784": "or the east i don't know which one it was one of those wicked witches", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00111-00098120-00098240": "pinocchio bambi", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00112-00099024-00099304": "how do you ever go see them all in the same room again though", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00113-00099408-00100136": "and there we have it another classic one for the books who framed roger rabbit yeah that was good", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00114-00100136-00100760": "going back you know uh i really i thoroughly enjoyed that uh man i feel like i've been doing", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00115-00100760-00101264": "a lot of trips down memory lane you know what what else should i do what else should i do um", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00116-00101328-00101944": "like i think about doing my maybe the mighty duck song um i definitely want to get into the star", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00117-00101944-00102640": "wars like i've seen star wars with episode one two three like the the ones from when anakin started", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00118-00102640-00103159": "but i didn't i really never seen the ones you know the the luke the luke skywalker saga i", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00119-00103159-00103552": "guess you could say you know i seen them when i was really little but i don't remember nothing", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00120-00103552-00104056": "about them that's my dad was watching those so i was i was super little when those came out", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00121-00104128-00104583": "um but nah hopefully you guys enjoyed yourself if you did again make sure you smash on that like", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00122-00104583-00105088": "button subscribe all that other good stuff if you want to see these reactions in full", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00123-00105088-00105592": "consider becoming a member the link is down below if you want to become a member so you", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00124-00105592-00106088": "can be a part of the monthly raffle so you can win prizes such as the oculus the switches and", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00125-00106088-00106568": "all that other good stuff again consider becoming a member um with that being said i want to say", "q4Tl0sWtx6U-00126-00106568-00107464": "thank you guys i appreciate y'all i love y'all and i will catch you guys on the next reaction peace"}}, {"audio_id": "q54zTo-ulj4", "text": {"q54zTo-ulj4-00000-00000516-00000963": "Primitive objects and curves are often the basis  for creating models in Maya.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00001-00001156-00001723": "Polygon meshes are 3D objects that are made of  faces with edges that are connected at vertices.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00002-00001786-00002216": "NURBS are 3D objects made of smooth curves  with control vertices (CVs)", "q54zTo-ulj4-00003-00002216-00002546": "that define how the surface is interpolated  between the curves.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00004-00002733-00003203": "Curves in Maya are NURBS curves, which have  control vertices and edit points.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00005-00003700-00004070": "The easiest way to create a primitive is to click an  icon on a shelf,", "q54zTo-ulj4-00006-00004086-00004363": "such as the Pipe icon on the Polygons shelf.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00007-00004440-00004883": "Doing this creates the primitive at the scene's  origin using the default values.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00008-00005090-00005510": "You can do the same thing with NURBS primitives  on the Curves/Surfaces shelf.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00009-00005936-00006359": "Since there are only two primitive curves, you  usually end up drawing your own.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00010-00006586-00006873": "To draw a NURBS curve, click any of these icons", "q54zTo-ulj4-00011-00006963-00007409": "or choose from the Create > Curve Tools menu to  draw the curve in different ways.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00012-00007636-00008169": "We'll click the EP Curve icon, which draws the  edit points where the curve passes through.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00013-00008370-00008840": "Start clicking in a view, such as the Top view here,  to draw edit points on the curve,", "q54zTo-ulj4-00014-00008850-00009010": "and press Enter to finish.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00015-00009606-00009866": "If you wanted to make a custom-size primitive  object,", "q54zTo-ulj4-00016-00009880-00010310": "turn on Interactive Creation in the Create >  Primitives menu,", "q54zTo-ulj4-00017-00010700-00011160": "and draw the primitive in the scene wherever you  want it, and to whatever size you like.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00018-00011866-00012436": "You can also press Shift while dragging to grow  the object from its base, which keeps it on the  grid.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00019-00012766-00013076": "Let's go back to the default mode with no  interactive drawing.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00020-00013260-00013836": "Another way to create a custom primitive is to  open the Create > Primitives menu for either  NURBS or Polygons,", "q54zTo-ulj4-00021-00013866-00014036": "choose the object you want,", "q54zTo-ulj4-00022-00014133-00014369": "and then click the Options box beside it.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00023-00014463-00014833": "Here, you can set the default values that are used  when you create a primitive,", "q54zTo-ulj4-00024-00014846-00015306": "such as the Radius and Height, and whether to  round the top and bottom edges.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00025-00015790-00016146": "The next time you click the Pipe icon, it will use  these values.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00026-00016406-00017049": "To go back to the default values, choose Edit >  Reset Settings, as you do for all Options boxes in  Maya.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00027-00017486-00017989": "Once you have created an primitive object, you  can see its attributes in the Attribute Editor.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00028-00018086-00018446": "Click this icon or press Ctrl+A to open it.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00029-00018520-00018843": "Attributes are like \"traits\" or properties than an  object has.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00030-00018923-00019229": "You can modify the object's attributes on this tab,", "q54zTo-ulj4-00031-00019230-00019633": "such as by changing the number of subdivisions  and toggling the Round Cap option.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00032-00019830-00020266": "Create UVs is on which means that the primitive  has a default set of UVs", "q54zTo-ulj4-00033-00020266-00020586": "that you can use for editing textures that you  apply later.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00034-00020733-00020956": "To change these attributes in another way,", "q54zTo-ulj4-00035-00020970-00021243": "press the T key to open the In-view Editor.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00036-00021286-00021566": "This is available only for polygon objects.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00037-00021630-00022033": "Select an attribute, then middle-drag in the view to  change these values.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00038-00022713-00023236": "Click the corner to open a menu and choose  which attributes you want to show in the In-view  Editor.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00039-00023613-00023839": "When you're done editing, select another tool.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00040-00023986-00024153": "The attributes on this tab", "q54zTo-ulj4-00041-00024196-00024483": "and in the In-view Editor are the creation attributes  -", "q54zTo-ulj4-00042-00024503-00024859": "the same that you saw in the Options box when  we created the primitive.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00043-00025080-00025463": "Now you can start modeling with this polygon  primitive in any way you want:", "q54zTo-ulj4-00044-00025510-00025803": "You can use any of the Sculpting tools on the  shelf,", "q54zTo-ulj4-00045-00025886-00026343": "Use the commands in the Mesh, Edit Mesh, and  Mesh Tools menus,", "q54zTo-ulj4-00046-00026566-00026986": "Or open the Modeling Toolkit, where you'll find  many tools for polygon modeling.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00047-00027123-00027546": "Click a component icon, such as Faces, and  select some components.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00048-00027606-00027996": "Here we pressed the Shift key while double- clicking to select a face loop.", "q54zTo-ulj4-00049-00029883-00030319": "To switch back to Object mode, right-click the  object and choose Object Mode,", "q54zTo-ulj4-00050-00030539-00030766": "Or click the Object icon in the Toolkit", "q54zTo-ulj4-00051-00030820-00030950": "or press F8."}}, {"audio_id": "q5gUvTbR3o8", "text": {"q5gUvTbR3o8-00000-00000000-00000256": "What attacks you! Oh! LOL", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00001-00000256-00000683": "What attacks you! Oh! LOL", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00002-00000683-00000908": "Hello guys! I am Dasha.", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00003-00000908-00001032": "And this is…", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00004-00001032-00001183": "¡Anima Dogs!", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00005-00001183-00001459": "What a good time we had Dasha and I playing at home haha", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00006-00001696-00001935": "Hours fly by being together.", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00007-00002512-00002680": "But today I want to do a different thing:", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00008-00002680-00003064": "know what reaction Dasha would have if he suddenly stopped playing with her.", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00009-00006067-00006175": "I don't want to play anymore ...", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00010-00006252-00006343": "I don't want to play anymore!", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00011-00007551-00007868": "Oh my! I think Dasha has not taken very well", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00012-00007868-00008100": "stop playing with her hahaha", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00013-00008195-00008464": "Spooky! Ha ha ha", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00014-00008568-00008651": "What's happening?", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00015-00008676-00008779": "What's happening?", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00016-00008823-00008964": "No, I'm playing.", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00017-00009048-00009171": "No i can not now...", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00018-00009643-00009884": "Well ... if you give me a kiss maybe I can ...", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00019-00009943-00010184": "You give me a kiss? A kiss?", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00020-00010212-00010420": "A kiss, can you give me a kiss?", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00021-00010551-00010612": "A kiss...", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00022-00010743-00011035": "A kiss? If not ... I don't play ... I keep playing.", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00023-00011092-00011379": "A kiss? A kiss.", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00024-00011379-00011695": "Get up here, come. Do not? Well, I keep playing ...", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00025-00011700-00011940": "I will not give in to your blackmails ...", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00026-00012376-00012704": "Wow ... Looks like she's a bit upset hahaha", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00027-00014040-00014228": "What escapes me Dasha!", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00028-00014228-00014508": "This toy is crazy! Haha ah! Ha ha ha", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00029-00014640-00014808": "This Dasha toy is crazy! Haha", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00030-00015959-00016040": "I do not play anymore...", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00031-00016356-00016700": "Well, this time she has taken it better and continues to play on her own haha", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00032-00016924-00017080": "Take Daddy!", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00033-00017147-00017243": "Daddy?", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00034-00017584-00017812": "Are you really not going to throw it at me?", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00035-00017812-00018143": "Look! If you have it here at your feet!", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00036-00018175-00018256": "I'm playing...", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00037-00018300-00018384": "I can not right now.", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00038-00018428-00018528": "I can not right now...", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00039-00019180-00019347": "A kiss? Kiss Me.", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00040-00019436-00019691": "Kiss Me. Happens! Come here! Goes up!", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00041-00019728-00019796": "Kiss Me.", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00042-00019831-00019968": "Oh! LOL", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00043-00020028-00020203": "Who will be more insistent?", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00044-00020203-00020431": "Dasha and her desire to continue playing ball", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00045-00020431-00020624": "or my desire to play the game console ...", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00046-00021212-00021475": "OK OK...", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00047-00021547-00021724": "I'm still playing...", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00048-00021775-00021947": "Well in the end Dasha won hahaha", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00049-00021971-00022024": "What goes, what goes!", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00050-00022636-00022847": "What attacks you! Oh! LOL", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00051-00022847-00023275": "What attacks you! Oh! LOL", "q5gUvTbR3o8-00052-00023459-00023815": "Yes I know, I don't keep playing with you ..."}}, {"audio_id": "q5L9hm4Jmxy", "text": {"q5L9hm4Jmxy-00000-00001676-00001997": "Hello everybody, and welcome to a new episode of News Bites!", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00001-00001997-00002126": "I'm Trevor Tortomasi...", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00002-00002126-00002291": "And I'm Paz Bueno.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00003-00002291-00002425": "In today's news:", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00004-00002425-00002952": "Penghu lights up the skies, acupuncture works on turtles, and a rooster is a", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00005-00002952-00003127": "symbol of courage in Ukraine.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00006-00003127-00003429": "All that and more, coming up next.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00007-00003429-00003625": "________________________________", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00008-00003625-00004214": "澎湖花火節點亮夜空 Penghu Lights Up the Skies with its Fireworks", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00009-00004214-00004343": "Festival", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00010-00004343-00004739": "If you love the beach, and you love fireworks, there is one place you might", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00011-00004739-00005048": "want to go, between April and June.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00012-00005048-00005844": "That's when the International Fireworks Festival happens in Penghu!", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00013-00005844-00006389": "In many parts of the world, fireworks (煙火) are used to celebrate (慶祝) an", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00014-00006389-00006543": "important day.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00015-00006543-00007059": "And in Chinese culture, fireworks are often used to scare evil spirits away.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00016-00007059-00007458": "They are also used to pray for happiness and wealth.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00017-00007458-00007878": "Because of this, fireworks can often be seen and heard during important", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00018-00007878-00008293": "festivals, like the different New Year celebrations, and during National Day", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00019-00008293-00008430": "(國慶日).", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00020-00008430-00008842": "But fireworks don't just happen during the New Year and Lunar New Year in", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00021-00008842-00008942": "Taiwan.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00022-00008942-00009500": "They are also an important part of the summer season in Penghu, too.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00023-00009500-00009600": "夏天的澎湖也少不了煙火。", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00024-00009600-00009971": "This year, the Penghu County government says it is planning to have a total", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00025-00009971-00010293": "of 24 shows, from April through June.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00026-00010293-00010873": "It will even include light shows (燈光秀) that will be carried out by 500", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00027-00010873-00011223": "remote-controlled drones (遙控無人機).", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00028-00011223-00011646": "That's more than double the number of drones the festival used in 2019!", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00029-00011646-00012053": "The main event of the Penghu International Fireworks Festival happens in the", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00030-00012053-00012255": "port city of Magong (馬公).", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00031-00012255-00012567": "And the fireworks show happens with the Xiying Rainbow Bridge in the", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00032-00012567-00012762": "background (背景).", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00033-00012762-00013291": "The fireworks festival first began (開始舉辦) in 2003, as a way of bringing", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00034-00013291-00013581": "visitors to the archipelago (群島).", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00035-00013581-00013963": "When people travel to Penghu to attend the fireworks festival, they also get", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00036-00013963-00014309": "the chance to visit the islands to see how beautiful they are.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00037-00014309-00014706": "The Penghu International Fireworks Festival is very popular with both", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00038-00014706-00015226": "domestic tourists (國內旅客) and international tourists (國際旅客).", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00039-00015226-00016146": "Today, the festival is one of the most important events on Penghu's calendar!", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00040-00016146-00016423": "________________________________", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00041-00016423-00017001": "針灸對烏龜也有用 Acupuncture Works on Turtles, Too", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00042-00017001-00017434": "Acupuncture (針灸) is an ancient Chinese way to practice medicine.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00043-00017434-00017906": "It involves inserting (插入) very thin needles through the skin, at different", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00044-00017906-00018109": "points on the body.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00045-00018109-00018568": "And while there is plenty of proof (證據) to show it works on humans, we now", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00046-00018568-00018842": "have proof it works on turtles too!", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00047-00018842-00019440": "In the United States, one aquarium (水族館) discovered \"Bassoon\" the turtle,", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00048-00019440-00020223": "with a group of 29 other turtles, in the state of Massachusetts.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00049-00020223-00020807": "Bassoon and his fellow sea turtles (海龜) were very sick, and very weak,", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00050-00020807-00021234": "because they had been exposed to very cold temperatures for a long time.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00051-00021234-00021709": "When that happens to turtles, doctors say the turtles are \"cold-stunned\",", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00052-00021709-00022179": "which happens when the water temperature hits about 10 degrees Celsius.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00053-00022179-00022576": "After they were rescued, the staff named all 29 turtles after different", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00054-00022576-00023412": "musical instruments, like tuba, trombone, and trumpet.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00055-00023412-00023909": "當這29隻烏龜被救治後，員工們用不同的樂器幫牠們命名，像是低音號、長號，跟小號。", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00056-00023909-00024516": "But of all the sick turtles, the vets (獸醫) soon realized that Bassoon was", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00057-00024516-00025018": "sickest of them all, because his jaw was injured (下顎受傷).", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00058-00025018-00025526": "He couldn't move on his own, he was weak, and Bassoon was not able to eat or", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00059-00025526-00025679": "drink properly.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00060-00025679-00026270": "To help Bassoon get better, the Aquarium put Bassoon on an IV (靜脈注射).", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00061-00026270-00026838": "They also gave Bassoon physical therapy (物理治療), injections, and", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00062-00026838-00026956": "acupuncture treatments.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00063-00026956-00027476": "The acupuncture worked so well, that Bassoon was able to use his jaw again", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00064-00027476-00027648": "after a few weeks!", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00065-00027648-00028119": "When Bassoon is fully recovered (康復), he and his other sea turtle friends", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00066-00028119-00028557": "will be returned back to the ocean, where they all belong.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00067-00028557-00028764": "________________________________", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00068-00028764-00029604": "公雞在烏克蘭是勇氣的象徵 This Rooster is a Symbol of Courage in Ukraine", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00069-00029604-00030069": "The war in Ukraine has made it dangerous to walk around Ukraine's capital", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00070-00030069-00030597": "city, Kyiv (烏克蘭的首都，基輔).", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00071-00030597-00031091": "So people in Kyiv were surprised to see British Prime Minister Boris Johnson", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00072-00031091-00031564": "(英國首相強森) and Ukranian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00073-00031564-00032002": "(烏克蘭總統澤倫斯基) go for a walk.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00074-00032002-00032388": "As they were walking, one woman gave them two ceramic roosters", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00075-00032388-00032990": "(公雞形狀的陶瓷壺) as presents.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00076-00032990-00033397": "That rooster is important to the Ukrainians, because after the Russians tried", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00077-00033397-00033808": "to destroy one building in a city, a photographer found a kitchen in that", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00078-00033808-00034080": "same building, which remained intact.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00079-00034080-00034521": "He took a picture of the kitchen, and then he saw a statue of the rooster,", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00080-00034521-00035045": "which was intact, too.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00081-00035045-00035292": "這隻公雞對烏克蘭意義重大，因為在某一座建築物被俄軍摧毀後，有個攝影師發現裡面的一隻公雞陶瓷壺完好無缺。", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00082-00035292-00036389": "But the statue isn't just one of a random (隨隨便便的) rooster.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00083-00036389-00037112": "The design was made by a famous Ukrainian artist, who was born in 1895.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00084-00037112-00037908": "His work is so famous, that some of his art now sits in a museum.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00085-00037908-00038065": "________________________________", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00086-00038065-00038230": "So in today's News Bites:", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00087-00038230-00038674": "Penghu is getting ready to celebrate its annual fireworks festival.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00088-00038674-00039117": "The Penghu fireworks show lasts from April until the end of June.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00089-00039117-00039559": "This year, organizers are also planning a light show with 500 drones.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00090-00039559-00039659": "________________________________", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00091-00039659-00039759": "And...", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00092-00039759-00040215": "We know acupuncture works on humans, but now we know it works on turtles too!", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00093-00040215-00040652": "A turtle named Bassoon received acupuncture for his injured jaw, because he", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00094-00040652-00040787": "couldn't eat.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00095-00040787-00041080": "Once he recovers, he'll be returned to his ocean home.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00096-00041080-00041180": "________________________________", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00097-00041180-00041280": "And...", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00098-00041280-00041595": "A ceramic rooster has become the new symbol of courage in Ukraine.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00099-00041595-00042015": "This is because the ceramic rooster survived an attack on a building in the", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00100-00042015-00042115": "city.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00101-00042115-00042462": "A photographer found the rooster intact and took a picture of it, making the", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00102-00042462-00042562": "rooster famous.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00103-00042562-00042662": "________________________________", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00104-00042662-00042871": "And that's today's episode of News Bites!", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00105-00042871-00042971": "________________________________", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00106-00042971-00043296": "主播每周一問 Have Your Say", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00107-00043296-00043877": "This week, we want you to have your say about time travel.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00108-00043877-00044386": "It's fun to learn about the past and what life was like back then.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00109-00044386-00044808": "It's also fun to imagine what the future will be like,", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00110-00044808-00045140": "and how very different our lives might be.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00111-00045140-00045534": "But what if you could really see for yourself?", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00112-00045534-00046220": "If you had a time machine, and could go anywhere in time, where would you go?", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00113-00046220-00047362": "Record your message and send it to newsbites@icrt.com.tw with your name and", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00114-00047362-00047721": "age, and if you like, the name of your school.", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00115-00047721-00048233": "Make sure to send us your recording by Thursday at noon, and you might hear", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00116-00048233-00049902": "your message on our show", "q5L9hm4Jmxy-00117-00049902-00050766": "on Friday!"}}, {"audio_id": "q5R827Exw7I", "text": {"q5R827Exw7I-00000-00000052-00000242": "Hello, welcome to another Rapalje Show", "q5R827Exw7I-00001-00000242-00000614": "If you want to be sure to see all the Rapalje shows that's coming up", "q5R827Exw7I-00002-00000728-00001068": "Please subscribe to our YouTube channel and hit the notification bell", "q5R827Exw7I-00003-00001068-00001448": "so we can inform you when there's a new Rapalje Show like every", "q5R827Exw7I-00004-00001500-00001602": "Sunday!", "q5R827Exw7I-00005-00001622-00001894": "In this video I'd like to show you what we've got in our hat", "q5R827Exw7I-00006-00001957-00002148": "after the last show on Sunday", "q5R827Exw7I-00007-00002208-00002430": "at our Zomerfolk Festival in Groningen", "q5R827Exw7I-00008-00002444-00002890": "And we also got some more presents because it was the fifth anniversary and", "q5R827Exw7I-00009-00002918-00003054": "there's some various piece of things:", "q5R827Exw7I-00010-00003070-00003222": "I show you around at the terrain", "q5R827Exw7I-00011-00003294-00003770": "And we got the last part from the interview from Sean Cannon from The Dublin Legends", "q5R827Exw7I-00012-00006306-00006552": "The biggest present we got our festival was this", "q5R827Exw7I-00013-00006573-00006798": "a beautiful painting from a Henk-Jan Bakker", "q5R827Exw7I-00014-00006858-00007145": "We got this present from the volunteers from the \"Purperen Draak\"", "q5R827Exw7I-00015-00007238-00007404": "This is so nice. I will now hang it at", "q5R827Exw7I-00016-00007456-00007548": "the empty wall", "q5R827Exw7I-00017-00007588-00007759": "next to the cupboard behind me", "q5R827Exw7I-00018-00009730-00009826": "Okay, cool!", "q5R827Exw7I-00019-00009936-00010130": "Looking much better now. This empty wall", "q5R827Exw7I-00020-00010156-00010502": "Thank you very much for it is nice painting and now you can all enjoy it", "q5R827Exw7I-00021-00010504-00010734": "Another nice painting I got was this one", "q5R827Exw7I-00022-00010826-00011242": "from Esther Viola from spectralstories.com", "q5R827Exw7I-00023-00011276-00011662": "She wanted to make a painting where we look very rough and wild", "q5R827Exw7I-00024-00011740-00011886": "but also cuddly", "q5R827Exw7I-00025-00011902-00012210": "The T-shirt I'm wearing is from a band called The Dolmen from England", "q5R827Exw7I-00026-00012250-00012676": "And we know them also from our adventures where we traveled to Glastonbury", "q5R827Exw7I-00027-00012706-00012806": "in the UK", "q5R827Exw7I-00028-00012828-00013069": "Check them out in the playlists here on YouTube", "q5R827Exw7I-00029-00013091-00013500": "This video I made at Zomerfolk these are the last videos I took with my mobile phone", "q5R827Exw7I-00030-00013519-00013606": "so enjoy them", "q5R827Exw7I-00031-00013616-00013832": "I show you around at the festival at Zomerfolk", "q5R827Exw7I-00032-00013832-00014184": "and after this video I will show you what's inside of this hat", "q5R827Exw7I-00033-00015776-00015856": "Thank you!", "q5R827Exw7I-00034-00020208-00020424": "Welcome everybody at Zomerfolk", "q5R827Exw7I-00035-00020918-00021152": "Here's to you!", "q5R827Exw7I-00036-00022804-00023124": "At the Sunday at our festival at the last gig", "q5R827Exw7I-00037-00023154-00023540": "Because we're still kind of street performers, we put our hat", "q5R827Exw7I-00038-00023608-00023828": "on the stage and we asked everybody", "q5R827Exw7I-00039-00023896-00024154": "To put something in our hat", "q5R827Exw7I-00040-00024188-00024496": "any return we gave away a free CD", "q5R827Exw7I-00041-00024520-00024816": "So what's in the hat? Let's see..", "q5R827Exw7I-00042-00025044-00025312": "This one's empty. Thanks to my colleagues", "q5R827Exw7I-00043-00025392-00025620": "Okay, this one's empty too:", "q5R827Exw7I-00044-00025620-00025830": "Groninger sausage. I know that", "q5R827Exw7I-00045-00025844-00026062": "my colleagues from Rapalje really love", "q5R827Exw7I-00046-00026174-00026414": "Groninger sausage. I hope it was good", "q5R827Exw7I-00047-00026580-00026768": "But there's still something to eat in the hat:", "q5R827Exw7I-00048-00026798-00026964": "Small liquorice", "q5R827Exw7I-00049-00027162-00027304": "Emergency poncho", "q5R827Exw7I-00050-00028124-00028270": "Ah, peppermint!", "q5R827Exw7I-00051-00028544-00028660": "Dear Rapalje,", "q5R827Exw7I-00052-00028680-00029010": "Roses are red, Scottish kilts are checkered", "q5R827Exw7I-00053-00029048-00029318": "I have never expressed my admiration for you.", "q5R827Exw7I-00054-00029318-00029427": "But now I did", "q5R827Exw7I-00055-00029508-00029618": "love", "q5R827Exw7I-00056-00029639-00029745": "Maike", "q5R827Exw7I-00057-00029844-00030002": "It was fantastic!", "q5R827Exw7I-00058-00030030-00030230": "Madely, thank you", "q5R827Exw7I-00059-00030368-00030476": "uhhh", "q5R827Exw7I-00060-00030502-00030770": "More food: Easter Bunnies!", "q5R827Exw7I-00061-00030794-00030912": "This is how music supposed to be!", "q5R827Exw7I-00062-00031014-00031126": "Kitty and Marc", "q5R827Exw7I-00063-00031277-00031439": "Some money. Thank you", "q5R827Exw7I-00064-00031612-00031770": "from Poland: two złoty", "q5R827Exw7I-00065-00031850-00032050": "Rapalje sunday morning concert", "q5R827Exw7I-00066-00032174-00032274": "Hey..", "q5R827Exw7I-00067-00032389-00032554": "A Rapalje Fyndlingh", "q5R827Exw7I-00068-00032708-00032908": "Another Rapalje Fyndlingh", "q5R827Exw7I-00069-00033134-00033328": "This is a condom, always handy", "q5R827Exw7I-00070-00033356-00033570": "Wacken, skull ware", "q5R827Exw7I-00071-00034298-00034362": "Wacken", "q5R827Exw7I-00072-00034416-00034498": "Ahh", "q5R827Exw7I-00073-00034584-00034666": "Flowers!", "q5R827Exw7I-00074-00035096-00035232": "A piece of balloon", "q5R827Exw7I-00075-00035290-00035512": "we've thrown around and it's still glowing", "q5R827Exw7I-00076-00035804-00035956": "Another love letter:", "q5R827Exw7I-00077-00036034-00036163": "Dear Rapalje", "q5R827Exw7I-00078-00036194-00036380": "You make everything a party", "q5R827Exw7I-00079-00036380-00036564": "You're the best! Anne", "q5R827Exw7I-00080-00036638-00036774": "Thank you", "q5R827Exw7I-00081-00037632-00037828": "Love Rapalje, yes!", "q5R827Exw7I-00082-00037958-00038218": "Specially returned, not moment of regret", "q5R827Exw7I-00083-00038648-00038792": "Ah, and some more money", "q5R827Exw7I-00084-00038878-00039034": "And what a nice plectrum", "q5R827Exw7I-00085-00039338-00039548": "I'm sorry, but I don't smoke", "q5R827Exw7I-00086-00040014-00040176": "And some more money.", "q5R827Exw7I-00087-00040212-00040430": "We've got many coins", "q5R827Exw7I-00088-00040468-00040794": "These are the coins, the gitouki coins from William", "q5R827Exw7I-00089-00040978-00041220": "Which we use to pay for drinks and the food", "q5R827Exw7I-00090-00041322-00041522": "Coin from England", "q5R827Exw7I-00091-00041734-00041842": "smaller coin:", "q5R827Exw7I-00092-00041866-00042026": "Fyndlingh, A quarter Fyndlingh", "q5R827Exw7I-00093-00042252-00042404": "Another penny", "q5R827Exw7I-00094-00042440-00042640": "And some euros. Thank you very much", "q5R827Exw7I-00095-00042652-00042832": "That reminds me of something I have to show:", "q5R827Exw7I-00096-00042936-00043052": "And that's this:", "q5R827Exw7I-00097-00043066-00043334": "This is a special coin we have for the fifth anniversary", "q5R827Exw7I-00098-00043344-00043560": "for the Rapalje Zomerfolk Festival", "q5R827Exw7I-00099-00043606-00043800": "And it's worth five Fyndlings.", "q5R827Exw7I-00100-00043818-00044202": "Which is the same amount as ten euros", "q5R827Exw7I-00101-00044220-00044474": "You can get it at as necklace in our Rapalje shop", "q5R827Exw7I-00102-00044504-00044610": "And remember:", "q5R827Exw7I-00103-00044610-00044860": "Next year on Rapalje Zomerfolk Festival", "q5R827Exw7I-00104-00044874-00045136": "this coin has 10% more value", "q5R827Exw7I-00105-00045156-00045576": "So instead of 10 euros. It's 11 euros worth", "q5R827Exw7I-00106-00045598-00045812": "of drinks and food", "q5R827Exw7I-00107-00045844-00046158": "Please keep sending the presents and the comments for Rapalje Show", "q5R827Exw7I-00108-00046158-00046664": "I will answer as many of your questions as possible in the Rapalje Show", "q5R827Exw7I-00109-00046688-00046888": "And you can also send some presents", "q5R827Exw7I-00110-00046904-00047046": "to put in the cupboard", "q5R827Exw7I-00111-00047064-00047466": "or beneath the cupboard or hang it on the wall behind me", "q5R827Exw7I-00112-00047480-00047704": "Now you will see the last part from the video", "q5R827Exw7I-00113-00047728-00048016": "from the interview with Sean Cannon from   The Dublin Legends", "q5R827Exw7I-00114-00048060-00048314": "So be easy and free, and I meet you soon", "q5R827Exw7I-00115-00048402-00048534": "Luckily", "q5R827Exw7I-00116-00048578-00048744": "recording techniques were", "q5R827Exw7I-00117-00048744-00049066": "although there were primitive in the time that", "q5R827Exw7I-00118-00049242-00049358": "Caruso is alive,", "q5R827Exw7I-00119-00049374-00050032": "nevertheless they caught the performances and we can still hear it today - yeah - so", "q5R827Exw7I-00120-00050118-00050318": "before his time or", "q5R827Exw7I-00121-00050394-00050626": "before recordings were possible", "q5R827Exw7I-00122-00050676-00050842": "How much have we missed", "q5R827Exw7I-00123-00050842-00051150": "yeah - How much could we had heard?", "q5R827Exw7I-00124-00051270-00051594": "Do you still remember your first recording you did, in the studio, ever?", "q5R827Exw7I-00125-00051808-00052064": "Our that's going back to like 19..", "q5R827Exw7I-00126-00052170-00052486": "77, about the time my son was born: James.", "q5R827Exw7I-00127-00052486-00052628": "Okay - My elder son", "q5R827Exw7I-00128-00052662-00052834": "Which you performed on stage", "q5R827Exw7I-00129-00052834-00053174": "Yes, he was here", "q5R827Exw7I-00130-00053222-00053482": "And there was a man I knew", "q5R827Exw7I-00131-00053532-00053890": "Living here Coventry in England where I live now again", "q5R827Exw7I-00132-00054020-00054244": "And he asked me if I'd like to", "q5R827Exw7I-00133-00054282-00054682": "Record some songs, make an LP - Yeah", "q5R827Exw7I-00134-00054716-00054916": "Well, I wouldn't be ready for that", "q5R827Exw7I-00135-00055046-00055320": "But he persuaded me to do it", "q5R827Exw7I-00136-00055341-00055596": "Well, it was only one day in the studio - Cool", "q5R827Exw7I-00137-00055616-00055846": "Just myself and the guitar - Yeah", "q5R827Exw7I-00138-00055932-00056138": "And we recorded it and I", "q5R827Exw7I-00139-00056162-00056386": "that's how it was, very quick.", "q5R827Exw7I-00140-00056386-00056764": "That's the first recording I did", "q5R827Exw7I-00141-00056796-00057129": "It is possible to find these recordings somewhere? Do you have them?", "q5R827Exw7I-00142-00057262-00057429": "The LP came out", "q5R827Exw7I-00143-00057429-00057614": "If I could find one now", "q5R827Exw7I-00144-00057614-00057947": "It would be nice to have a link now because we are on YouTube", "q5R827Exw7I-00145-00057976-00058304": "It would be really great to find a link of your first recording", "q5R827Exw7I-00146-00058404-00058602": "Oh yes, hahaha.", "q5R827Exw7I-00147-00058602-00058710": "Now how cool is that?", "q5R827Exw7I-00148-00058710-00059040": "Now this gentleman in 1977 who asked me to do this", "q5R827Exw7I-00149-00059040-00059255": "rang me up a couple years ago", "q5R827Exw7I-00150-00059255-00059826": "And he says: Would it be permitted to bring this out on CD forms:", "q5R827Exw7I-00151-00059829-00060308": "The old recording with an image the same as on the sleeve of the", "q5R827Exw7I-00152-00060372-00060572": "of the", "q5R827Exw7I-00153-00060616-00060998": "CD  - cool - It's the same: the sleeve as the LP, as the CD", "q5R827Exw7I-00154-00061062-00061182": "I think I have one here:", "q5R827Exw7I-00155-00061182-00061614": "Rainer has some - Oh - You like to have it", "q5R827Exw7I-00156-00061614-00061782": "Cool, I like to have it and I'm going to play it", "q5R827Exw7I-00157-00061782-00062110": "it yeah. Yeah, yeah cool. It's very basic", "q5R827Exw7I-00158-00062148-00062529": "Well, we love basic, believe me. We really love basic"}}, {"audio_id": "q5aidcb0IZE", "text": {"q5aidcb0IZE-00000-00000562-00001085": "The Earth has an ecosystem; a biodiverse community of living organisms and non-living matter", "q5aidcb0IZE-00001-00001085-00001550": "that all work and flow together to help the world thrive in a dynamic and sustainable", "q5aidcb0IZE-00002-00001550-00001689": "way.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00003-00001689-00001954": "The Skycoin Project has an ecosystem, too.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00004-00001954-00002493": "A suite of hardware and software products that work together to enhance our culture,", "q5aidcb0IZE-00005-00002493-00002814": "build a rich new economy, and even protect our freedom.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00006-00002814-00003272": "Take a brief stroll through that ecosystem to learn more…", "q5aidcb0IZE-00007-00003272-00003463": "This is Adam.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00008-00003463-00003911": "Adam just bought some Skycoin, a modern and advanced cryptocurrency.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00009-00003911-00004369": "He bought it at Skycoin.com, and keeps it safely in the Skycoin Wallet app he downloaded", "q5aidcb0IZE-00010-00004369-00004503": "to his phone.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00011-00004503-00004839": "But not everyone keeps their Skycoin in a mobile wallet…", "q5aidcb0IZE-00012-00004839-00004992": "This is Benji.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00013-00004992-00005557": "Benji keeps his Skycoin (and a few other cryptocurrencies) extra safe on a Skywallet.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00014-00005557-00006010": "This sleek little hardware wallet is the safest way to generate a wallet address, and keeps", "q5aidcb0IZE-00015-00006010-00006418": "your Skycoin away from any computers or phones that might be compromised.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00016-00006418-00006812": "The Skywallet also keeps track of Benji’s Coin Hours…", "q5aidcb0IZE-00017-00006812-00007029": "This is Horatia", "q5aidcb0IZE-00018-00007029-00007516": "Coin Hours are a parallel currency automatically generated by Skycoin every hour.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00019-00007516-00008005": "Horatia loves that Coin Hours make Skycoin transactions virtually free, and she can use", "q5aidcb0IZE-00020-00008005-00008218": "Coin Hours to access Skywire…", "q5aidcb0IZE-00021-00008218-00008397": "This is Philip.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00022-00008397-00008904": "Philip is excited about Skywire, because it is a truly decentralized and distributed new", "q5aidcb0IZE-00023-00008904-00009238": "Internet that is far safer and more secure.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00024-00009238-00009783": "It protects his privacy with total encryption, and provides inexpensive access to a worldwide", "q5aidcb0IZE-00025-00009783-00010206": "wireless mesh network facilitated by Skyminers…", "q5aidcb0IZE-00026-00010206-00010425": "This is Sarah.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00027-00010425-00010724": "Sarah just received the Skyminer she ordered.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00028-00010724-00011200": "It will bring additional bandwidth, storage, and processing power to the Skywire network.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00029-00011200-00011723": "In exchange for her help, she will be paid in Coin Hours, which she can use to buy things,", "q5aidcb0IZE-00030-00011723-00011935": "or even trade for more Skycoin.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00031-00011935-00012393": "She’s the new Internet Service Provider in her community, with her Skyminer and a", "q5aidcb0IZE-00032-00012393-00012586": "Skywire Antenna…", "q5aidcb0IZE-00033-00012586-00012751": "This is Eduardo.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00034-00012751-00013181": "Eduardo is providing Skywire to his whole community using the antenna he put on his", "q5aidcb0IZE-00035-00013181-00013281": "roof.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00036-00013281-00013429": "(See it up there?)", "q5aidcb0IZE-00037-00013429-00013926": "Skywire Antennas connect Skyminers to other Skyminers creating the peer-to-peer wireless", "q5aidcb0IZE-00038-00013926-00014311": "mesh network that gives Eduardo and his neighbours their network access.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00039-00014311-00014796": "He needs a fast network because he’s creating a video game with unique in-game digital assets", "q5aidcb0IZE-00040-00014796-00015183": "that players can own and trade for real money, including Skycoin.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00041-00015183-00015666": "It’s possible because he connected his game to a Fiber blockchain…", "q5aidcb0IZE-00042-00015666-00015908": "This is Alex.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00043-00015908-00016406": "Fiber is Skycoin’s infinitely scalable blockchain platform, with parallel blockchains making", "q5aidcb0IZE-00044-00016406-00016762": "the entire network faster and more secure.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00045-00016762-00017066": "Every project gets their own private blockchain!", "q5aidcb0IZE-00046-00017066-00017562": "Alex is a programmer who loves that transactions on Fiber aren’t validated by wasteful proof-of-work", "q5aidcb0IZE-00047-00017562-00017918": "mining, but rather via something called Obelisk…", "q5aidcb0IZE-00048-00017918-00018145": "This is Lena.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00049-00018145-00018536": "Obelisk is a groundbreaking web-of-trust consensus algorithm.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00050-00018536-00018928": "It means she can really trust the Skycoin network.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00051-00018928-00019446": "Lena prefers Obelisk’s faster, cheaper, and completely decentralized solution to consensus,", "q5aidcb0IZE-00052-00019446-00019915": "especially as she finishes deploying her smart contract, which she built on Fiber using the", "q5aidcb0IZE-00053-00019915-00020147": "CX language…", "q5aidcb0IZE-00054-00020147-00020325": "This is Ayumi.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00055-00020325-00020876": "Ayumi is just starting to learn CX, Skycoin’s robust fully-featured & general-purpose blockchain", "q5aidcb0IZE-00056-00020876-00021095": "application programming language.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00057-00021095-00021543": "Built on Google’s Golang language, Ayumi found it easy and fun to learn.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00058-00021543-00021973": "She can’t wait to use CX to build her first decentralized app, which she will sell on", "q5aidcb0IZE-00059-00021973-00022391": "Skywire in exchange for Skycoin…", "q5aidcb0IZE-00060-00022391-00022502": "This is Adam.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00061-00022502-00022602": "Again.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00062-00022602-00023168": "The cycle starts over again as Adam logs onto Skywire and uses some of the Coin Hours his", "q5aidcb0IZE-00063-00023168-00023568": "Skycoin has generated to buy Ayumi’s CX app.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00064-00023568-00023988": "His purchase will be completed in seconds on the Fiber blockchain as Obelisk confirms", "q5aidcb0IZE-00065-00023988-00024263": "that the app now belongs to him.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00066-00024263-00024593": "Adam thinks Skycoin is the best coin.", "q5aidcb0IZE-00067-00024593-00024656": "He isn’t wrong…"}}, {"audio_id": "q6j0ENVOdSE", "text": {"q6j0ENVOdSE-00000-00000014-00000629": "Hey guys, it's your girl Simone Lockhart. I got something super cool in the mail today", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00001-00000629-00000880": "...and it comes with a super cool announcement.", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00002-00000880-00001670": "Guys I got a box! You guys want to know whats inside the box? Drum roll please...", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00003-00002418-00002618": "yay", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00004-00002920-00003528": "Humes & Berg custom shop Enduro Pro snare case with my two of my favorite colors", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00005-00003528-00004326": "purple and blue mist. I just want to say a huge thanks to Mike Berg himself for making this.", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00006-00004326-00005079": "Whoa can you guys see the crushed glass that's on this case look", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00007-00005079-00005679": "at those colors oh my god you can really see the crushed glass on the back look", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00008-00005679-00006570": "at that man.. Yes! okay, are you guys ready to see the inside because I know I am super excited for it.", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00009-00007408-00008197": "The inside smells like fresh paint. OK it's like super super soft and", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00010-00008198-00009299": "super cushiony, perfect, that's super cushiony if you can't tell.", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00011-00009302-00010178": "Its perfect for my snare case, for my snare. okay guys let's test it and see how my snare fits...", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00012-00010650-00010850": "perfect fit", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00013-00011418-00012022": "♫♫♫", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00014-00012158-00012534": "..so there you, go my first custom drum case! I'm happy to endorse Humes & Berg", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00015-00012534-00012878": "and be a part of their artist roster. Let's go Gigging!", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00016-00013512-00013862": "Bloopers (♫ Background music ♫)", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00017-00013980-00014180": "it's a Humes & Berg", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00018-00014326-00014534": "with my favorite calor.. ca.. curlers?", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00019-00014534-00014652": "ca colors.", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00020-00014652-00014852": "Crayons?", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00021-00015006-00015384": "My humes & berg.. not mine, it's not... it is mine", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00022-00015428-00015588": "Ok guys, let's taste it!", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00023-00015588-00015919": "Yes i said taste", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00024-00015919-00016119": "(Simone Noises)", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00025-00016119-00016319": "I almost said gibraltar's", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00026-00016480-00016770": "I just bit my cheek!", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00027-00016804-00018364": "*Nonsensical laughter*", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00028-00018390-00018578": "Why am I laughing?... i dont even know.. ok", "q6j0ENVOdSE-00029-00019116-00020100": "The end"}}, {"audio_id": "q6DOVBWCFPA", "text": {"q6DOVBWCFPA-00000-00000086-00000417": "To destroy the works  of the evil one,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00001-00000426-00000834": "and the kingdom of  darkness with light,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00002-00000844-00001284": "and to rescue men  from the law of sin,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00003-00001294-00001671": "this is the  Gospel of Christ.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00004-00001681-00002031": "To proclaim the  news unto the poor,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00005-00002041-00002335": "Announcer: \"The Gospel of Christ.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00006-00002345-00002579": "Spreading the soul-saving message of Jesus,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00007-00002589-00002846": "and now, Ben Bailey.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00008-00002856-00003193": "This is the  Gospel of Christ.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00009-00003253-00003650": "To the elders at Ephesus, the apostle Paul encouraged them,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00010-00003660-00004100": "shepherd or oversee the church of God,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00011-00004110-00004384": "which He purchased with His own blood.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00012-00004394-00004684": "When we think about the Lord's church,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00013-00004694-00004958": "often times the question is raised,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00014-00004968-00005412": "is the church essential to salvation?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00015-00005422-00005792": "Must I be a member of the church that you read about", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00016-00005802-00006029": "in the Bible to go to heaven?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00017-00006039-00006439": "Is it something I must be a part of to be right with God?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00018-00006449-00006776": "This is the question that we hope to look to God's word", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00019-00006786-00007043": "to give the answer to today,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00020-00007053-00007253": "but as always we're so thankful", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00021-00007263-00007637": "that you've joined us for our broadcast today.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00022-00007647-00008074": "We always encourage our visitors to check out our website", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00023-00008084-00008334": "thegospelofchrist.com.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00024-00008405-00008828": "We have a host of online Bible study tools", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00025-00008838-00009252": "as well as video and audio that you can access on the Internet.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00026-00009262-00009566": "If you've got a Bible question don't hesitate to", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00027-00009576-00009816": "write us or email us with those questions;", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00028-00009826-00010019": "we'll give the contact information", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00029-00010029-00010230": "at the end of this broadcast.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00030-00010240-00010610": "And friend, we always encourage our listeners", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00031-00010620-00011030": "please visit the church of Christ in your area.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00032-00011040-00011337": "You'll find members of the Lord's body who have a", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00033-00011347-00011751": "love for souls and want to exalt the Lord and Savior", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00034-00011761-00012258": "Jesus Christ in everything they say and do.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00035-00012268-00012605": "Today we're considering a very serious", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00036-00012615-00013009": "question that many people shy away from.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00037-00013019-00013563": "Is the church of the Bible essential to salvation?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00038-00013573-00014027": "Meaning must I be a member of the Lord's church,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00039-00014037-00014381": "the New Testament church, to go to heaven?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00040-00014391-00014561": "Now we begin by asking,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00041-00014571-00014944": "why is this such an important topic?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00042-00014954-00015228": "Well friend, we live in a day and age", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00043-00015238-00015435": "where there are so many people", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00044-00015445-00015839": "who want to be definitively indefinite.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00045-00015849-00016172": "That is they don't want there to be anything definite", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00046-00016182-00016479": "to hang on to. They want everything to be kind", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00047-00016489-00016740": "of objective and nebulous", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00048-00016750-00016960": "much like in the days of Judges.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00049-00016970-00017190": "Judges twenty-one verse twenty-five,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00050-00017200-00017474": "every man wanted to do that which was right", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00051-00017484-00017574": "in his own eyes.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00052-00017584-00017774": "So many people will tell us today,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00053-00017784-00017984": "if you really want to draw people in,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00054-00017994-00018191": "if you really want to get people in the church,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00055-00018201-00018575": "don't have any definite standard that you push.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00056-00018585-00018885": "Friend, does the Bible, we're asking today,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00057-00018895-00019272": "does the Bible teach that we need to be definitively", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00058-00019282-00019392": "indefinite on the church?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00059-00019402-00019596": "That everything's kind of up in the air,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00060-00019606-00019766": "and that it doesn't matter?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00061-00019776-00020026": "Of course the answer to that is a resounding no.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00062-00020036-00020460": "God does have clear teaching on his church.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00063-00020470-00020780": "This is also an important topic because there is a", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00064-00020790-00021121": "pervasive mindset that says,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00065-00021131-00021424": "give me Christ but not the church.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00066-00021434-00021738": "We want Jesus, but not religion", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00067-00021748-00022071": "as though the two were somehow separable.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00068-00022081-00022342": "Friend, do people really understand,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00069-00022352-00022655": "biblically speaking, what they're asking for", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00070-00022665-00022999": "when they ask for Christ, not the church?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00071-00023009-00023319": "Do they not realize that they're asking for", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00072-00023329-00023530": "a decapitated Savior?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00073-00023540-00023760": "Now let me illustrate, Ephesians one verses", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00074-00023770-00023993": "twenty-two and twenty-three,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00075-00024003-00024330": "\"Jesus is the head of His church,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00076-00024340-00024517": "which is His body.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00077-00024527-00024844": "Can you separate Christ from the church?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00078-00024854-00025128": "About as well as you could separate a head from a body.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00079-00025138-00025301": "How well would that work?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00080-00025311-00025635": "Well it wouldn't work good at all and yet the mindset", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00081-00025645-00026192": "is something that pervades or prevails in our society today.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00082-00026286-00026703": "Friend, this is also a very serious subject", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00083-00026713-00027036": "because there's of a lot of teaching and preaching", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00084-00027046-00027397": "that is watered down and so many people are afraid of", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00085-00027407-00027744": "offending folks on this subject that sometimes we", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00086-00027754-00028064": "don't really address it as we ought.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00087-00028074-00028611": "Our responsibility is simply to preach the word", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00088-00028621-00028858": "to be instant in season and out of season;", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00089-00028868-00029042": "to reprove, rebuke, and exhort", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00090-00029052-00029242": "with all long- suffering and doctrine.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00091-00029252-00029522": "Paul told Timothy, here's why the time is coming", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00092-00029532-00029662": "when they'll not want that.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00093-00029672-00029896": "They will heap up teachers after their own desires", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00094-00029906-00030103": "who've got itching ears, want to be tickled,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00095-00030113-00030503": "and they'll guide them away from the truth.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00096-00030513-00030807": "We need to be concerned with pleasing God,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00097-00030817-00031077": "with giving the Bible answer on this subject,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00098-00031087-00031327": "and letting God speak on the matter.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00099-00031337-00031718": "And so on such a vital subject we want to speak", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00100-00031728-00032148": "with great clarity and let's let the Lord's church", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00101-00032158-00032455": "once again be distinct on this subject.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00102-00032465-00032796": "We want to let the whole counsel of God", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00103-00032806-00033019": "be considered, Acts twenty verse twenty-seven.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00104-00033029-00033480": "And in speaking the truth, let's realize", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00105-00033490-00033680": "we don't become someone's enemy.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00106-00033690-00033887": "Paul asked, \"Have I become your enemy", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00107-00033897-00034147": "because I tell you the truth?\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00108-00034157-00034571": "And so friend we affirm today from the Scriptures", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00109-00034581-00034884": "that the church of the Lord Jesus Christ,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00110-00034894-00035121": "the church you read about in your New Testament,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00111-00035131-00035321": "the church of the Lord is indeed", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00112-00035331-00035705": "essential to salvation.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00113-00035715-00036005": "I want you think about it this way for just a moment,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00114-00036015-00036229": "ask yourself these questions", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00115-00036239-00036589": "is it essential that Jesus Christ die for", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00116-00036599-00036893": "and buy the church with his own blood?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00117-00036903-00037063": "Acts twenty verse twenty-eight,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00118-00037073-00037200": "remember the words of Paul?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00119-00037210-00037637": "Paul encouraged the elders at Ephesus,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00120-00037647-00038014": "I want you to watch out, oversee the flock", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00121-00038024-00038364": "or the church of the Lord, which He, Christ,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00122-00038374-00038681": "purchased with His own blood.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00123-00038691-00039192": "Friend, Jesus' blood purchased the church.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00124-00039202-00039506": "Are we saying that Jesus purchased something", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00125-00039516-00039826": "nonessential, that wasn't important?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00126-00039836-00040150": "Did Jesus die for something that it really", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00127-00040160-00040450": "doesn't matter whether you're a member of or not?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00128-00040460-00041037": "Realize this, it is the body that is the saved.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00129-00041047-00041291": "Ephesians five verse number twenty-five,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00130-00041301-00041561": "Paul encouraged husbands to love their wives", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00131-00041571-00041798": "as Christ loved the church, died for him,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00132-00041808-00042385": "and it is where the saved, it is the body of the saved.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00133-00042395-00042736": "Is that place something that's just an option?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00134-00042746-00042992": "Is that something that's unnecessary?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00135-00043002-00043289": "Did Jesus purchase a saved people", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00136-00043299-00043443": "who really are not important?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00137-00043453-00043666": "Do you see the importance of the church?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00138-00043676-00043983": "Think about it this way, the body of that saved people,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00139-00043993-00044190": "my friend, is the church.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00140-00044200-00044390": "Ephesians one verses twenty-two and", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00141-00044400-00044691": "twenty-three, Jesus is head of the church,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00142-00044697-00044801": "which is His body.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00143-00044808-00045128": "If the body's the saved, and the church is the body,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00144-00045135-00045425": "then friend the church is the saved people,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00145-00045432-00045705": "it's the called out and friend surely", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00146-00045712-00046129": "it is not at all something that is unnecessary,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00147-00046139-00046449": "nonessential in today's day and age.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00148-00046459-00046880": "And then realize this, our Lord and Savior", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00149-00046890-00047303": "Jesus Christ promised to save His church,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00150-00047313-00047754": "and that all other religious organizations of men", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00151-00047764-00047994": "would be destroyed on the final day.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00152-00048004-00048274": "Matthew fifteen verse thirteen, Jesus said,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00153-00048284-00048374": "\"Leave them alone.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00154-00048384-00048501": "They're blind leaders of the blind.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00155-00048508-00048675": "If the blind lead the blind,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00156-00048685-00048875": "they'll both fall into the ditch.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00157-00048885-00049149": "Jesus clearly taught, in that passage,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00158-00049159-00049389": "that that which Christ did not build,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00159-00049399-00049839": "did not own would be burned up in the last day.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00160-00049849-00050103": "\"Every tree which My Father has not planted", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00161-00050113-00050363": "will be cut down and thrown into the fire.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00162-00050373-00050563": "And I know Jesus wasn't talking, necessarily,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00163-00050573-00050807": "about trees, for the very next breath He said,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00164-00050817-00051147": "\"They are blind leaders of the blind.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00165-00051184-00051454": "Religious organizations of men that are not", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00166-00051464-00051741": "established by Christ will not stand,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00167-00051751-00052035": "but the good news is His church,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00168-00052045-00052338": "that which is essential to be a member of to be saved,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00169-00052348-00052489": "will stand.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00170-00052499-00052789": "And thus the church of the Lord Jesus Christ", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00171-00052799-00053083": "is essential to salvation.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00172-00053092-00053496": "Now as we think about this idea of the church being", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00173-00053506-00053727": "essential, let's realize friend,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00174-00053737-00054167": "that everybody draws a line somewhere", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00175-00054177-00054521": "on that which is essential to salvation.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00176-00054531-00054834": "For example, if we ask today,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00177-00054844-00055415": "is faith in Jesus essential to salvation?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00178-00055425-00055625": "Well a lot of folks who are going to say,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00179-00055635-00055919": "definitively draw a line in the sand,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00180-00055929-00056199": "if you don't have faith you cannot be saved.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00181-00056209-00056389": "And the Scripture affirms that,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00182-00056399-00056716": "Hebrews eleven verse six, \"Without faith it's", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00183-00056726-00057010": "impossible to please God, for he that comes to Him", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00184-00057020-00057350": "must believe that He is, and that He is a rewarder", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00185-00057360-00057600": "of those who diligently seek Him.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00186-00057610-00057871": "Is grace essential to salvation?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00187-00057880-00058121": "Again if you ask a host of religious people,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00188-00058131-00058321": "must you have grace to be saved?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00189-00058331-00058431": "The majority would draw a line,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00190-00058441-00058758": "and say absolutely and rightly so,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00191-00058768-00059115": "\"By grace are you saved,\" Ephesians chapter two", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00192-00059125-00059215": "verse number eight.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00193-00059225-00059442": "If we were to ask people today,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00194-00059452-00059642": "religious people is repentance", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00195-00059652-00059779": "essential to salvation?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00196-00059789-00060059": "Must you repent of sin to be saved?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00197-00060069-00060260": "The majority would say well sure,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00198-00060270-00060633": "and rightly so again, Luke 13:3, Jesus said,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00199-00060643-00061047": "\"Unless you repent, you will all likewise perish.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00200-00061057-00061154": "Is baptism essential?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00201-00061164-00061287": "Not as many people would agree,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00202-00061297-00061534": "but friend the Scripture affirms that it is.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00203-00061544-00061841": "Jesus said, \"He that believes,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00204-00061851-00062128": "and is baptized will be saved.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00205-00062138-00062585": "Peter said, \"Baptism does now also save us.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00206-00062595-00063082": "And so if First Peter 3:21 and Acts chapter two verse", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00207-00063092-00063399": "number thirty-eight, if we're all going to draw a line", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00208-00063409-00063600": "whether it be faith, grace, repentance,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00209-00063610-00063993": "why don't we let God tell us where that line is?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00210-00064003-00064424": "Why not let God tell us if the church", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00211-00064434-00064804": "is indeed essential to salvation?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00212-00064814-00065021": "And so let's take just a few moments,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00213-00065031-00065441": "and let's consider this idea that the church is essential,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00214-00065445-00065655": "looking to the Scriptures.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00215-00065662-00065869": "Let me ask it this way, how can I know", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00216-00065875-00066099": "the church is essential to salvation?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00217-00066129-00066322": "Well friend, is it the case,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00218-00066332-00066626": "would you agree that it's the case", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00219-00066636-00067140": "that preaching Christ is essential to salvation?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00220-00067150-00067340": "Well the majority are going to say sure.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00221-00067350-00067574": "If people don't hear about Christ,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00222-00067584-00067747": "if they don't know about Him,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00223-00067757-00067967": "if they've never heard of Jesus;", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00224-00067977-00068168": "He's the way, the truth, and the light;", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00225-00068178-00068368": "and without Christ you cannot be saved.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00226-00068378-00068568": "And so they're going to affirm, yes,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00227-00068578-00068888": "preaching Christ is essential to salvation.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00228-00068898-00069078": "Let me give you an example,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00229-00069089-00069299": "I want you to open your Bible with me to Acts", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00230-00069309-00069499": "chapter eight for just a moment,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00231-00069509-00069809": "and I want to look at an example of what it really means", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00232-00069819-00069953": "to preach Christ.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00233-00069963-00070416": "And let's see is the church essential in that message?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00234-00070426-00070743": "Acts chapter eight, I want to notice what the Bible says.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00235-00070753-00071004": "Philip is in the area of Samaria and the Bible", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00236-00071014-00071404": "simply records in Acts chapter eight verse number five,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00237-00071494-00071865": "\"Then Philip went down to the city of Samaria", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00238-00071875-00072095": "and preached Christ to them.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00239-00072105-00072302": "Now we've all agreed people have got to hear", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00240-00072312-00072625": "about Christ to be saved, but what does it mean", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00241-00072635-00072799": "to preach Christ?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00242-00072809-00073129": "Whatever Philip preached has got to be essential, right?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00243-00073139-00073296": "That's preaching Christ.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00244-00073306-00073703": "Would you look in Acts chapter eight verse number twelve?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00245-00073713-00074140": "The Bible says, \"But when they believed Philip,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00246-00074150-00074437": "\" watch this, he's already told us he's preaching about Christ,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00247-00074447-00074604": "\"when they believed Philip", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00248-00074614-00074971": "as he preached the things concerning the", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00249-00074981-00075388": "kingdom of God and the name of Jesus Christ,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00250-00075398-00075638": "both men and women were baptized.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00251-00075648-00075882": "Friend, what does it mean to preach Christ?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00252-00075892-00076092": "Well let's let the Scripture tell us.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00253-00076102-00076473": "As they believed the things he preached", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00254-00076483-00076890": "concerning the kingdom, and the authority, or name of Jesus", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00255-00076900-00077090": "men and women were baptized.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00256-00077100-00077313": "Preaching Christ is essential;", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00257-00077323-00077847": "preaching Christ includes preaching the church,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00258-00077857-00078318": "therefore the church is essential to salvation.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00259-00078328-00078655": "Now just so we understand, let's realize that the", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00260-00078665-00078895": "church and the kingdom in the New Testament", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00261-00078905-00079045": "are one and the same.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00262-00079055-00079285": "Jesus said in Mark nine verse one to some of his", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00263-00079295-00079486": "disciples standing there that day,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00264-00079496-00079826": "\"You will not taste death until you see the kingdom", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00265-00079836-00079979": "present with power.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00266-00079989-00080236": "So Jesus promised His disciples", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00267-00080246-00080343": "would see the kingdom.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00268-00080353-00080453": "Did that happen?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00269-00080463-00080670": "Matthew sixteen verses eighteen and nineteen,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00270-00080680-00081050": "Jesus said to Peter, \"I'll build my church,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00271-00081060-00081251": "I'm going to give you the keys of the kingdom\",", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00272-00081261-00081648": "the church and the kingdom are one and the same in Scripture.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00273-00081658-00081794": "Acts two verse forty-seven,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00274-00081805-00082218": "did it happen, \"The Lord added to the church daily", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00275-00082228-00082318": "those who're being saved.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00276-00082328-00082519": "And so the kingdom is the church.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00277-00082529-00082876": "Now remember again, preaching Christ is essential;", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00278-00082886-00083163": "preaching Christ includes preaching the church,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00279-00083173-00083303": "Acts eight verse twelve,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00280-00083313-00083540": "therefore the church of the Lord Jesus Christ,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00281-00083550-00083960": "the kingdom is essential to salvation.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00282-00084003-00084290": "Let's look at it this way then,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00283-00084300-00084681": "the church is essential because when Christ comes,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00284-00084691-00085121": "He'll save His people and take them home to live with Him.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00285-00085131-00085508": "Nobody denies the idea, that on that final day,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00286-00085518-00085889": "when Christ comes back He's going to collect His own", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00287-00085899-00086202": "and they're going to go to be with Him and God", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00288-00086212-00086312": "in heaven.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00289-00086322-00086586": "First Thessalonians four verses 13 through 18,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00290-00086596-00086796": "the Bible says there'll be a shout,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00291-00086806-00086996": "we'll hear the voice of an archangel,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00292-00087006-00087233": "the trumpet of God, the dead in Christ will rise first,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00293-00087243-00087433": "then we who are alive and remain", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00294-00087443-00087634": "shall be caught up together with them in the clouds", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00295-00087644-00087734": "to meet them in the air.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00296-00087744-00088017": "And thus we shall always be with the Lord.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00297-00088027-00088384": "At the second coming, the saved are going home with Christ,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00298-00088394-00088938": "those whom Christ will take home with Him", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00299-00088948-00089055": "are in the church.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00300-00089065-00089255": "I want you to notice your Bible,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00301-00089265-00089455": "First Corinthians chapter fifteen.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00302-00089466-00089656": "Look in First Corinthians chapter fifteen with me,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00303-00089666-00090019": "and I want you to see that those people who are going home", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00304-00090029-00090406": "to be with God are in a specific place,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00305-00090416-00090793": "that necessarily must be essential to salvation", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00306-00090804-00091117": "notice verse twenty-four, \"Then comes the end\",", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00307-00091127-00091321": "again talking about the coming of Christ,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00308-00091331-00091664": "\"then comes the end when He (Jesus)", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00309-00091674-00092005": "delivers the kingdom to God the Father,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00310-00092015-00092428": "when He puts an end all rule all authority and power.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00311-00092438-00092869": "Now Jesus is coming to save His own,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00312-00092879-00092992": "when He comes", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00313-00093002-00093396": "He will take the kingdom and deliver it to the Father,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00314-00093406-00093633": "therefore at the coming of Christ", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00315-00093643-00094097": "those in the church are those who are going home", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00316-00094107-00094284": "to live with God forever.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00317-00094294-00094604": "Friend, I cannot get around the idea", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00318-00094614-00094954": "that the kingdom, the church of the Lord Jesus Christ,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00319-00094964-00095291": "is the essential place one must be", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00320-00095301-00095602": "either in leaving this life and preparing for the second coming", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00321-00095612-00095985": "or if we're here when Christ comes again.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00322-00095995-00096246": "There is a specific place, specific location", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00323-00096256-00096663": "and those people are the ones who are going", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00324-00096673-00096810": "to live with God forever.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00325-00096820-00097444": "Therefore the church is indeed essential to salvation.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00326-00097454-00097771": "Then think about it with me this way,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00327-00097781-00098037": "the church is essential to salvation", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00328-00098047-00098218": "because the Scriptures teach", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00329-00098228-00098748": "one's name must be on God's divine record to be saved.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00330-00098758-00099005": "Let me illustrate from Revelation chapter seventeen,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00331-00099015-00099209": "and I want you to listen to what the Bible says", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00332-00099219-00099512": "concerning this in verse number eight.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00333-00099576-00099909": "The Bible says, verse number eight of Revelation 17,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00334-00099919-00100133": "\"The beast that you saw was, and is not,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00335-00100143-00100340": "and will ascend out of the bottomless pit", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00336-00100350-00100470": "and go to perdition.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00337-00100480-00100790": "Now notice, \"And those who dwell on the earth will marvel,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00338-00100800-00101137": "whose names are not written in the book of life", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00339-00101147-00101317": "from the foundation of the world,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00340-00101324-00101631": "when they see the beast that was, and is not, and yet is.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00341-00101634-00101798": "I understand we've got apocalyptic things", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00342-00101808-00102121": "happening here, things of world events no doubt", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00343-00102131-00102485": "of the first century, but here's what I want you to key in on:", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00344-00102495-00102879": "the ones whose names were not written in the book of life.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00345-00102889-00103116": "Those are the ones who lived in terror", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00346-00103126-00103303": "and shuddered at this event,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00347-00103313-00103439": "not Christians. Why?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00348-00103449-00103950": "Because those whose names were recorded in the book of life,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00349-00103960-00104060": "those are the saved.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00350-00104070-00104304": "Philippians four verse three, Paul said,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00351-00104314-00104661": "along with Clement, and all the others", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00352-00104671-00105021": "who had their names written in the book of life.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00353-00105031-00105398": "To go to heaven you must have your name", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00354-00105408-00105869": "in God's divine record of the saved in the book of life.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00355-00105879-00106119": "Scriptures teach that Revelation 13:8,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00356-00106129-00106402": "Revelation 17:8, Philippians four verse three,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00357-00106412-00106649": "Revelation three verses four and five.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00358-00106659-00107060": "Now notice this, if that's the case then friend,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00359-00107070-00107544": "those in the church are the ones who have their names", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00360-00107554-00107707": "registered in heaven.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00361-00107717-00107994": "Let me again direct your attention to the Scriptures.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00362-00108004-00108201": "Would you look in Hebrews chapter twelve?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00363-00108211-00108484": "And I want you to notice what the Bible says in", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00364-00108495-00108858": "verse number twenty-three, look beginning actually in", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00365-00108868-00109255": "Hebrews twelve verse twenty-two, the Bible says,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00366-00109265-00109572": "\"But you will come to Mount Zion", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00367-00109582-00109796": "to the city of the living God,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00368-00109806-00110136": "to the heavenly Jerusalem, to an innumerable company of angels,\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00369-00110146-00110260": "now watch verse twenty-three,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00370-00110270-00110560": "\"to the general assembly,\" don't miss this word,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00371-00110570-00110867": "\"and church of the firstborn,\" watch this,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00372-00110877-00111104": "\"who are registered in heaven to God,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00373-00111114-00111521": "the judge of all to the spirits of just men made perfect.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00374-00111531-00111734": "What do I know about the church?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00375-00111744-00112105": "Listen carefully now, you've got to have your name", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00376-00112115-00112505": "written in God's book of life to be saved.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00377-00112515-00112802": "Those in the church of the firstborn,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00378-00112812-00112962": "firstborn being Jesus Christ,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00379-00112972-00113296": "Colossians one verses fifteen through eighteen,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00380-00113306-00113746": "are the ones who have their names registered in heaven.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00381-00113756-00113983": "We kind of understand this in everyday life.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00382-00113993-00114180": "Let's say for example that", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00383-00114190-00114410": "you and your family are going on a journey,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00384-00114420-00114567": "you're going on a vacation,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00385-00114577-00114804": "and you're going to some city and couple weeks", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00386-00114814-00115011": "maybe a month before, you call,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00387-00115021-00115398": "and you make reservations at the Holiday Inn.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00388-00115408-00115555": "You give them your credit card,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00389-00115565-00115758": "they write your name down, you've got a room,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00390-00115768-00116162": "slot of rooms scheduled and reserved for a certain date,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00391-00116172-00116386": "what happens when you get to that motel?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00392-00116396-00116606": "You walk up to the front desk,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00393-00116616-00116983": "you tell the clerk have a set of rooms reserved", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00394-00116993-00117207": "my name is and you give them your name,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00395-00117210-00117540": "and they say yes right here we've got your reservation,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00396-00117544-00117881": "here's the key, welcome to the hotel.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00397-00117891-00118097": "Now friend, I want you to think about it this way,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00398-00118104-00118428": "you've got to have your name written in the book of life,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00399-00118441-00118671": "those in the church of the firstborn", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00400-00118678-00118938": "are the ones who are registered,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00401-00118945-00119199": "they're the ones who have their name written", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00402-00119205-00119445": "in the book of life, and they're the ones", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00403-00119449-00119692": "who are registered in heaven.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00404-00119702-00120323": "Therefore the church is indeed essential to salvation.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00405-00120400-00120633": "Friend, we also emphasize", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00406-00120643-00121064": "that the church is essential to salvation because", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00407-00121074-00121381": "if Christ is the head of the church, and He is,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00408-00121391-00121631": "Ephesians one verses twenty-two and twenty-three,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00409-00121641-00121981": "He is the head of the church, which is His body,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00410-00121991-00122238": "the firstborn over all things from the dead.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00411-00122305-00122495": "If Christ is the head of the church,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00412-00122505-00122956": "and if the church is the body Colossians 3 verse 15,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00413-00122966-00123306": "\"You were called into one body, and be ye thankful.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00414-00123316-00123633": "Ephesians 1:22-23, \"He is the head of the body,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00415-00123643-00123746": "which is the church.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00416-00123756-00123990": "\"There is but one body,\" Ephesians four verse four.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00417-00124000-00124204": "And so we've got Christ as the head,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00418-00124214-00124404": "we've got the church as the body;", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00419-00124414-00124567": "there's just one body.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00420-00124577-00124918": "Friend, therefore to say Christ not the church", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00421-00124928-00125428": "is to actually decapitate the spiritual head and body", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00422-00125498-00125708": "of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00423-00125765-00125958": "Is the church essential?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00424-00125969-00126426": "Is the head being attached to a body essential?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00425-00126436-00126696": "Well that's a given, a body cannot function without a head;", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00426-00126706-00126896": "a head had cannot function without a body.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00427-00126906-00127287": "If one were decapitated from the other it'd be of no use.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00428-00127297-00127440": "Are both essential?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00429-00127470-00127583": "Absolutely.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00430-00127594-00127891": "That's why Paul said in Acts twenty verse twenty-eight,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00431-00127947-00128364": "\"Shepherd the church of God which he purchased", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00432-00128374-00128534": "with his own blood.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00433-00128545-00128855": "Friend, if the two are uniquely tied together,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00434-00128865-00129319": "inseparably tied together as a head and a body are,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00435-00129329-00129953": "and if Jesus' own blood purchased the church,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00436-00129963-00130547": "how can one conclude the church is not essential?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00437-00130557-00130933": "That conclusion cannot be reached from Scripture.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00438-00130944-00131447": "That conclusion, often, is based on a mentality", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00439-00131451-00131965": "that doesn't want guidelines and rules and things to follow", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00440-00131971-00132171": "and somebody who's going to watch out", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00441-00132178-00132542": "watch over somebody else's soul and accountability.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00442-00132549-00132789": "It often comes down to those things,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00443-00132799-00133069": "and not really aligning one's will with", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00444-00133076-00133199": "the will of Almighty God.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00445-00133209-00133590": "Now, let me illustrate this idea another way.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00446-00133600-00133850": "Is the church essential to salvation?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00447-00133860-00134267": "Sure it is, and you can see that in God's plan to save.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00448-00134277-00134644": "For example, the Bible teaches that Christ", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00449-00134654-00135011": "came to save the lost, Luke chapter nineteen verse ten,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00450-00135021-00135371": "\"Jesus came to seek and to save the lost.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00451-00135381-00135531": "John one verse twenty-nine,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00452-00135541-00135795": "\"As John saw Jesus approaching, He said,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00453-00135805-00136109": "'Behold the Lamb of God who takes away", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00454-00136119-00136242": "the sins of the world!'\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00455-00136252-00136402": "\"You'll call His name Jesus,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00456-00136412-00136603": "He will save His people from their sins,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00457-00136613-00136839": "\" Matthew one verses nineteen to twenty-one.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00458-00136850-00137146": "And so Christ came to save lost", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00459-00137156-00137654": "the saved are in the church, Ephesians 5 verse 25,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00460-00137664-00137947": "He has created that body, that is purified,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00461-00137957-00138348": "sanctified, and the saved are in the body of", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00462-00138358-00138578": "the church of the Lord Jesus Christ.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00463-00138588-00138778": "And so Christ came to save the church,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00464-00138788-00139015": "the body is the saved", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00465-00139025-00139526": "therefore one must be in the body to be saved.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00466-00139536-00139819": "Friend, we act like, and by we I mean,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00467-00139829-00140113": "sometimes in the religious world we act like these", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00468-00140123-00140213": "are two separate events.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00469-00140223-00140413": "And this is a big part of the problem.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00470-00140423-00140613": "We act like these are two separate events,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00471-00140623-00141007": "one is saved, and then one joins the church later.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00472-00141017-00141207": "In scripture that's not how it happens.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00473-00141217-00141578": "Did you know they occur at the exact same moment in time?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00474-00141594-00141921": "Being saved and being added to the church", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00475-00141965-00142171": "happens at the same moment.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00476-00142181-00142435": "Let me illustrate again, Acts two verse thirty-eight,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00477-00142445-00142555": "Peter preaches the word,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00478-00142565-00142872": "\"Repent and be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00479-00142882-00143159": "Acts two verses forty-one through forty-seven,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00480-00143169-00143493": "\"those who gladly received his word were baptized\",", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00481-00143503-00143616": "and verse forty-seven says,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00482-00143626-00143863": "\"and the Lord added to the church daily those", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00483-00143873-00144007": "who were being saved.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00484-00144017-00144527": "When one obeys the gospel and submits to Jesus Christ,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00485-00144537-00144747": "hears about Christ and His church,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00486-00144757-00145088": "when he obeys that gospel, he's automatically", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00487-00145098-00145458": "added to the church of the Lord Jesus Christ.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00488-00145468-00145899": "And so God's plan of salvation uniquely ties into", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00489-00145909-00146082": "the church of the Lord Jesus Christ.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00490-00146125-00146426": "And then we mention this for you to consider,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00491-00146436-00146900": "friend, the church is also essential to salvation", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00492-00146910-00147200": "because if salvation is in Christ,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00493-00147210-00147564": "and when one gets in Christ he gets in the church", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00494-00147574-00147764": "you can't separate those two ideas.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00495-00147774-00148041": "Let me illustrate, salvation is indeed in Christ.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00496-00148051-00148184": "Second Timothy one verse ten,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00497-00148194-00148568": "Paul said that we are to give glory God for the salvation", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00498-00148578-00148781": "that is found in Christ Jesus.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00499-00148791-00148962": "And so where's salvation at?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00500-00148972-00149062": "It's in Christ.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00501-00149072-00149405": "Okay how do I get into Christ?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00502-00149415-00149639": "Galatians 3:27 says,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00503-00149649-00150086": "\"As many of you as were baptized into Christ", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00504-00150096-00150286": "have clothed yourselves with Christ.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00505-00150296-00150506": "And so salvation is in Christ,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00506-00150516-00150890": "when I'm baptized I'm baptized into Christ,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00507-00150900-00151164": "and now watch this, when I'm baptized,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00508-00151174-00151441": "what am I baptized into?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00509-00151451-00151634": "First Corinthians 12:13,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00510-00151721-00152295": "\"By one spirit we're all baptized into one body.\"", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00511-00152305-00152515": "If salvation's in Christ", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00512-00152525-00152836": "and if being baptized is how I get into Christ", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00513-00152846-00153139": "and if at that same time being baptized", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00514-00153149-00153359": "is also when I'm added to the body, then friend,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00515-00153369-00153560": "you cannot separate the two ideas.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00516-00153570-00153890": "Salvation's in the church because when I submit to God,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00517-00153900-00154230": "God in heaven adds my name to the book of life", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00518-00154240-00154474": "and I'm added as a member of His body.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00519-00154484-00154707": "I become a New Testament Christian,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00520-00154717-00154897": "a member of the Lord's church.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00521-00154908-00155281": "And thus it indeed is essential to salvation,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00522-00155291-00155705": "I want to be where God's people are supposed to be", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00523-00155715-00155869": "when Christ comes.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00524-00155879-00156246": "I want to give honor to God in the church that he built.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00525-00156256-00156496": "\"The glory be to God in the church\",", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00526-00156506-00156986": "Ephesians chapter three verses twenty and twenty-one.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00527-00156996-00157370": "And so friend, we ask you to consider seriously,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00528-00157380-00157700": "we ask you to consider in view of your own soul", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00529-00157904-00158254": "are you a member of the Lord's church?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00530-00158264-00158631": "Friend, we want you know today that the things we say", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00531-00158641-00159065": "we say out of kindness and love and sincerity", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00532-00159075-00159188": "for lost souls.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00533-00159198-00159729": "Must one be a member of the Lord's church to be saved?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00534-00159739-00160180": "The biblical answer is a resounding yes.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00535-00160190-00160463": "And friend, if you're not we urge you,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00536-00160473-00160683": "we plead with you, we beg you,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00537-00160767-00160914": "won't you obey the gospel.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00538-00160924-00161314": "Let God add you to His church, the church of Christ,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00539-00161347-00161574": "and there live faithfully unto death.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00540-00161584-00161841": "You've heard the word, Romans 10:17.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00541-00161895-00162198": "You believe that Jesus is God's son, John 8:24.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00542-00162208-00162542": "You'd be willing to repent of sin and confess his name", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00543-00162552-00162889": "before men, Luke 13:3, Romans 10:10.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00544-00162899-00163296": "Would you be immersed in water so that the Lord can add you", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00545-00163306-00163503": "to his church, Acts two verse thirty-eight,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00546-00163513-00163713": "First Corinthians twelve verse thirteen?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00547-00163723-00163910": "May God bless us as we strive", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00548-00163953-00164177": "to be members of the one body", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00549-00164187-00164397": "of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00550-00164430-00164674": "You may have just joined our program and are wondering", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00551-00164684-00164867": "what is The Gospel of Christ?", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00552-00164877-00165148": "The Gospel of Christ is an evangelistic work", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00553-00165158-00165305": "of the churches of Christ", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00554-00165315-00165588": "that reaches the whole world with the gospel", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00555-00165598-00165865": "through TV, radio, and Internet.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00556-00165875-00166192": "Our motto is to take the whole gospel", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00557-00166202-00166312": "to the whole world.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00558-00166322-00166579": "We believe in having a book, chapter, and verse,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00559-00166589-00166789": "for everything we say and do.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00560-00166799-00167043": "And unlike many religious groups today,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00561-00167053-00167403": "we're concerned about lost souls, not your wallet.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00562-00167410-00167700": "♪ singing♪", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00563-00167707-00167967": "We encourage you to visit thegospelofChrist.com", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00564-00167977-00168197": "for a host of Bible study materials as well as", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00565-00168207-00168468": "audio and video copies of our lessons.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00566-00168478-00168655": "If you would like to have a copy of today's lesson,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00567-00168665-00168791": "please visit our website", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00568-00168801-00169002": "and fill out a media request form,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00569-00169012-00169108": "or you can email us at:", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00570-00169118-00169432": "mail@thegospelofChrist.com,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00571-00169442-00170066": "call us toll-free at 1-855-458-3905,", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00572-00170076-00170787": "or write to us at PO Box 788 McMinnville, TN 37111.", "q6DOVBWCFPA-00573-00170787-00170974": "♪ singing"}}, {"audio_id": "q6HLYc8aeyE", "text": {"q6HLYc8aeyE-00000-00000000-00000166": "In absence of having a proper coverage survey", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00001-00000166-00000674": "we sort of lend ourselves to facing additional epidemics, outbreaks.", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00002-00000774-00001024": "And the classical example of that is a measles outbreak.", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00003-00001682-00002014": "We don't know what the true measles coverage is.", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00004-00002014-00002238": "And because of that, it might well be", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00005-00002238-00002652": "that if the measles coverage is, let's say perhaps 75, 80%,", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00006-00002652-00002846": "rather than 90, 95%,", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00007-00002846-00003002": "then is a high likelihood", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00008-00003002-00003268": "we are going to face another measles outbreak very soon.", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00009-00004020-00004104": "What needs to happen?", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00010-00004104-00004310": "The obvious thing that needs to happen is this damn age", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00011-00004310-00004538": "is this needs to come to a electronic system.", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00012-00004666-00005058": "I mean, we shoudn't need to have a need for a vaccine coverage survey, as an example,", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00013-00005058-00005276": "the number of children that gets vaccinated", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00014-00005276-00005456": "should be captured electronically.", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00015-00005456-00005744": "The number of vaccines at the facilites...", "q6HLYc8aeyE-00016-00005744-00005886": "I mean, it makes complete sense."}}, {"audio_id": "q6HUq5O1fW4", "text": {"q6HUq5O1fW4-00000-00000002-00000944": "[ANDREAS] Wow, I am incredibly humbled and honored to be here. This is such a fun event,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00001-00000944-00001776": "and I'm really excited. I won't be talking about 'Mastering Ethereum,' except for one thing.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00002-00001776-00002412": "There are probably at least a dozen people  in this room who contributed to that book.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00003-00002412-00003162": "I don't know if you know the story, but if you don't, I worked with my publisher to make the books...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00004-00003162-00003647": "that I publish through O'Reilly open-source, which is something they don't do with all of their books.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00005-00003647-00004388": "Not just open-source eventually, but from the beginning. You can download my books from GitHub,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00006-00004388-00004686": "and read them for free.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00007-00004686-00005546": "Of course, you can also buy them. Most importantly, I had the freedom and privilege to write my book...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00008-00005546-00006156": "as a collaborative project in the true spirit of open-source.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00009-00006156-00007156": "I am a very big believer in the Creative Commons. That is one of the things we have which...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00010-00007156-00007348": "none of the competition has.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00011-00007348-00007852": "By \"we,\" I mean the entire open-source  community around cryptocurrencies.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00012-00007852-00008368": "We don't suffer from the tragedy of the  commons with closed, proprietary systems.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00013-00008368-00008994": "We celebrate a festival of the commons  through our collaboration and creativity.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00014-00008994-00009560": "When I do my work, I know that I am standing on the shoulders of thousands of other people...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00015-00009560-00010262": "who have put their passion and creativity into building what I had the privilege of trying to explain in my books.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00016-00010262-00010502": "That is a collaborative process.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00017-00010502-00011146": "'Mastering Ethereum' had 180 contributors,  who pushed more than eight thousand commits,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00018-00011146-00011498": "submitting more than one thousand pull requests and issues [as well].", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00019-00011498-00011968": "More than a dozen of those people are in this room today. Thanks so much to all of you.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00020-00011968-00012952": "You know who you are. Thank you! [Applause]", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00021-00012952-00013726": "I was provided with what I've been told is a  Crowler. It was suggested that I have a sip...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00022-00013726-00014568": "to loosen up, before I do my presentation, but that would send me into a blackout.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00023-00014568-00015508": "By this point, I can probably do a full-blown  Bitcoin presentation [while I am] blind drunk,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00024-00015508-00015947": "but I need to be sober for an Ethereum presentation.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00025-00015947-00016210": "This will need to wait until the question-and-answer [session].", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00026-00016210-00017116": "I will start drinking when we start, and it will get better as it progresses.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00027-00017116-00017868": "You will know that I have reached peak relaxation if I suggest that you should buy XRP. [Laughter]", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00028-00017868-00018742": "At that point, I am clearly drunk, right? I am glad you are all here and having fun.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00029-00018742-00019448": "This is a tremendous conference which showcases the culture and ethos of the Ethereum community,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00030-00019448-00019754": "and the broader cryptocurrency ecosystem.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00031-00019754-00020714": "I am really honored to be here. The topic I want to talk about is a bit touchy, though.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00032-00020714-00021506": "I want to talk about unstoppable code. I bring a certain perspective because...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00033-00021506-00022368": "I started with Bitcoin, and have been fascinated by the cypherpunk ethos since the early 1990s.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00034-00022368-00022734": "Yeah, I am that old.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00035-00022734-00024178": "Part of that ethos is about using cryptography as a defensive mechanism in order to claim, assert,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00036-00024178-00024510": "and enforce our human rights.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00037-00024510-00025444": "It is about using the magic of numbers, not offensively but purely defensively.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00038-00025444-00026908": "To an individual, it brings an awesome power that rivals even the state or the most fearsome conglomerates.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00039-00026908-00028038": "The totalitarian governments in the world can kiss my 256-bit key, but they won't be able to brute-force it.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00040-00028038-00029160": "It doesn't matter how annoyed, angry, or violent they are with what I said, signed, or paid for.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00041-00029160-00030374": "Cryptography gives individuals this ability to assert power and sovereignty, to create the conditions...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00042-00030374-00030972": "that allow them to express and enforce human rights.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00043-00030972-00031545": "I strongly believe in these things. I believe in freedom of expression and speech.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00044-00031545-00032312": "I believe in creating diverse environments where we all have powers that can't be taken away from us.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00045-00032312-00033158": "What fascinated me about Ethereum from the very beginning was this idea of unstoppable code.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00046-00033158-00033840": "You may have heard the slogan, \"Unstoppable code,\" the first two words on the website during launch.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00047-00033840-00034286": "I think it [reflects] a lot of the people who were involved in this project early on,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00048-00034286-00035044": "the same idea that also makes me interested in Bitcoin and got me started on this journey.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00049-00035044-00036016": "The idea of uncensorable speech, not because you asked nicely or anyone likes what you said,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00050-00036016-00036352": "but because they simply can't stop you [from saying it].", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00051-00036352-00037078": "That is a very powerful thing, more  necessary than ever in today's world.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00052-00037078-00037938": "We are gradually sliding into crisis after crisis. We are seeing a rise of totalitarianism.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00053-00037938-00038944": "It has never been more important to give people all over the world the tools to express themselves,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00054-00038944-00039650": "assert their rights, and to be sovereign.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00055-00039650-00040670": "Right now, most of the Ethereum space is very \"Kum ba yah.\" I love it.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00056-00040670-00042176": "Unicorns, bufficorns, puppies and rainbows, this beautiful wellspring of creativity, passion, and joy.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00057-00042176-00043502": "The sense of possibilities. It will not last. What we are doing here is important.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00058-00043502-00044708": "It seizes power on behalf of individuals  from [the dominant] forms of power:", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00059-00044708-00045416": "governments, corporations, state  associations, cultures, and religions.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00060-00045416-00046554": "It seizes power from these big [entities] and gives them to little people. But sooner or later,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00061-00046554-00047776": "the people who are losing their undeserved, abusively applied power in this equation will start fighting back.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00062-00047776-00048478": "At that point, we will find out how unstoppable the code is.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00063-00048478-00049620": "What kind of code needs to be unstoppable? What code do we need to build that is unstoppable?", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00064-00049620-00050572": "Just like with free speech, the only speech  worth protecting is that which deeply offends.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00065-00050572-00051641": "Innocuous speech does not require protection. In some cases, it doesn't even deserve it.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00066-00051641-00052579": "Journalism is about publishing what people don't want you to publish; everything else is public relations.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00067-00052579-00052926": "Have you heard that quote?", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00068-00052926-00053291": "The only speech worth protecting is the speech people don't want to hear,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00069-00053291-00054052": "and the only code that needs to be unstoppable is the code that someone is trying to stop.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00070-00054052-00054994": "That is worthwhile. That is exciting. Governance is the killer app for Ethereum.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00071-00054994-00055864": "Unstoppable code is also the killer app, but between them there is a subtle tension.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00072-00055864-00056472": "That tension does not appear until you start doing interesting things.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00073-00056472-00057122": "You see, there used to be a time when  Bitcoin had not offended too many people.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00074-00057122-00057862": "We were still in the \"laughing at ourselves\"  stage, the ridicule stage of development.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00075-00057862-00058552": "Then something interesting happened, called the Silk Road. How many people have heard of the Silk Road?", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00076-00058552-00059738": "All of you, very good. I won't ask. [Laughter] I am sure it was just insulin and asthma inhalers.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00077-00059738-00060160": "Good stuff there you were buying, and you should.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00078-00060160-00060938": "The Silk Road brought Bitcoin to the limelight prematurely and scared off many bitcoiners.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00079-00060938-00061922": "It generated a ton of bad publicity that haunts Bitcoin to this day. It associated the spending of money...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00080-00061922-00062752": "with the consumption of narcotics. [Laughter]", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00081-00062752-00063448": "Of course, if you want to malign a technology, [talk of] drugs is the first step, followed by child abuse,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00082-00063448-00063941": "then terrorism is step three, but you might re-arrange them depending on your government's proclivities.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00083-00063941-00064579": "If you want to [stir] up a nice big dollop of censorship, you will pick one of those three wrappings to deliver...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00084-00064579-00065414": "to the sheep, and tell them why it needs to be stopped.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00085-00065414-00065856": "I am no prude. When it comes to the consumption of narcotics...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00086-00065856-00066434": "and buying things in underground black markets, I understand.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00087-00066434-00067804": "I think of drugs [in terms of] biology. Did you know that dolphins get high?", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00088-00067804-00069126": "You know about pufferfish, right? If you annoy them, they puff up and excrete a toxin on the surface of their skin.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00089-00069126-00069838": "[That toxin is] annoying at least, and potentially fatal to most fish. Except for dolphins, who get high.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00090-00069838-00070964": "Dolphins get high off pufferfish poison.  They will gather in a circle around a pufferfish,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00091-00070964-00071628": "[a dolphin will] squeeze it in their mouth until it becomes annoyed and releases a bit of the toxin,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00092-00071628-00073366": "and then they puff, puff, pass. [Laughter]  They understand the etiquette of puffer chewing.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00093-00073366-00074252": "If we were the first species to not get high, that would be an anomaly [in the animal kingdom].", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00094-00074252-00074818": "Evolutionary speaking, there is no species that doesn't get high.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00095-00074818-00075570": "When it comes to drug markets, I am a pragmatist. There is a reason people want to use [online] markets.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00096-00075570-00076456": "The reason is really simple: you can't be stabbed over TCP/IP.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00097-00076456-00077220": "It is really simple, it is all about [reducing] violence. [Online markets] have a very interesting effect on drugs.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00098-00077220-00078022": "It immediately removes violence, which [decreases] the risk-based premium, and drives prices down.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00099-00078022-00078502": "and driving organized crime out of the market.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00100-00078502-00079318": "I will not try to persuade people that we should legalize this stuff here. Colorado is doing a pretty good job.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00101-00079318-00079734": "But I will try to persuade people that these things will [continue to] exist.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00102-00079734-00080332": "This will keep happening because there has always been demand, and there will always be supply.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00103-00080332-00080880": "Where demand and supply exist, markets will always emerge.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00104-00080880-00081838": "What do we do about that, as a community which is coding platforms that are potentially unstoppable?", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00105-00081838-00082544": "Right after the Silk Road [emerged], the  conversation around Bitcoin changed rapidly.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00106-00082544-00083200": "Until then, quite a few large corporations  were talking about [becoming involved in it].", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00107-00083200-00084418": "They came up with this great phrase, \"We are interested in the technology behind Bitcoin, the blockchain.\"", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00108-00084418-00085342": "That is the sound of ten thousand marketing officers backpedaling furiously, because they just read...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00109-00085342-00086188": "an article about Bitcoin and drug markets.  \"Oh shit. Take it off all the posters!\"", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00110-00086188-00087192": "And now I have news for you: \"We are interested in the technology behind Ethereum: smart contracts.\"", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00111-00087192-00087956": "That is a phrase you will hear in the next few years, as people will start backpedaling furiously.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00112-00087956-00088886": "The reason for that is, Ethereum [could] succeed in being a viable platform for writing unstoppable code.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00113-00088886-00089752": "The next Silk Road will be fuelled by DAI, running on Swarm with Whisper communications,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00114-00089752-00090558": "as a fully autonomous DApp, without administrators that you can give two life sentences plus forty years.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00115-00090558-00091580": "It will be unstoppable. The moment people figure this out, there will be calls to every prominent person,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00116-00091580-00092152": "committee, foundation, authority, and governance body in Ethereum.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00117-00092152-00093056": "Anyone who seems to have any control.  They will say, \"Yes, this is cute. But stop it.\"", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00118-00093056-00093928": "\"You have had your fun now. Yes, we heard about your unstoppable code, smart contracts, and DApps.\"", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00119-00093928-00094772": "\"Just stop it, okay? Now it has a drug market. You need to stop it now.\" The smart people in Ethereum will say,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00120-00094772-00096042": "\"Well, I can't.\" \"I won't.\" Can't? Won't? What is the difference between \"can't\" and \"won't\"?", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00121-00096042-00096610": "Two life sentences plus forty years is the difference between \"can't\" and \"won't.\"", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00122-00096610-00097662": "When you say you want governance, beware what you ask for. Governance changes \"can't\" into \"won't.\"", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00123-00097662-00098848": "The moment you go over that line, what started as an ability becomes a responsibility.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00124-00098848-00099736": "If you claim you don't have the ability anymore, that responsibility just became negligence.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00125-00099736-00101160": "Criminal negligence. Governance and unstoppable code will form this very fine line that we must tread carefully.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00126-00101160-00102198": "Is your line the Silk Road? Probably not. I mean, look where we are. Look at this crowd.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00127-00102198-00103492": "What about child porn or terrorism financing? Here is the problem: we all have a moral compass.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00128-00103492-00104585": "We all have a set of principles and ideals  that we would like to believe are universal,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00129-00104585-00105400": "that we all believe in one code of conduct.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00130-00105400-00106258": "Where do you [source] yours? Maybe from  a book, evolution, parenting, or socialization.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00131-00106258-00106894": "Maybe from Montessori. I don't know, but you [acquired] it somehow. You have a moral code.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00132-00106894-00107735": "Well, I have bad news for you. It is not universal. It is highly subjective and incredibly relative.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00133-00107735-00108624": "Let's talk about moral relativism, which is a fun topic especially for conservatives.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00134-00108624-00109154": "Are there any conservatives having an aneurysm in this house right now?", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00135-00109154-00110368": "I am a moral relativist, not because I believe that moral relativism is the moral choice. Ironically, it isn't.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00136-00110368-00111166": "Moral relativism is the pragmatic recognition that, when I look around me, read my history books,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00137-00111166-00112016": "and look at other cultures or religions, people with other capabilities and chances than I did,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00138-00112016-00112316": "they don't share my morality.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00139-00112316-00113258": "I am hard-pressed to find any two people  who share everything in their moral code.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00140-00113258-00113814": "This is where the crux of governance  versus unstoppable code comes to a head.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00141-00113814-00114872": "Every conversation I hear about governance among affluent, privileged northern American...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00142-00114872-00115542": "or western European people who share 90% of a common morality code,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00143-00115542-00115958": "but only represent 15% of the human population...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00144-00115958-00116858": "I am wondering, what are you thinking when you say that governance must be subservient to a legal framework?", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00145-00116858-00117916": "That we need an anchor based in law? Whose law? Maybe you assume your law.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00146-00117916-00119216": "I wouldn't assume that. Every time someone says, \"That is illegal,\" your response shouldn't be, \"Oh, right.\"", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00147-00119216-00119894": "[Your response should be to ask], \"Where? Illegal where?\"", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00148-00119894-00120685": "If you understand one thing about the law, you know that is the most important question.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00149-00120685-00121390": "In Denver? In Colorado? In Wyoming or South Dakota?", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00150-00121390-00122576": "If you leave Colorado after having partaken, and go to South Carolina, they can arrest you for possession,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00151-00122576-00123166": "for the trace amounts in your bloodstream.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00152-00123166-00123988": "They don't share Colorado's laws. You don't need to go very far to cross that line.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00153-00123988-00124606": "[You may not even] know that you crossed that line, but the law suddenly changed very radically.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00154-00124606-00125288": "Just in this country. If you go a bit further out, things become really weird. We live in a bubble.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00155-00125288-00126152": "We assume that our morality is the true one; the one true doctrine, ethos, and culture.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00156-00126152-00127183": "\"USA!\" But the truth is, we live in a varied world. When you talk about governance and applying law,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00157-00127183-00127904": "the fundamental problem is where, and whose law. Boy, you will hate some of those laws.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00158-00127904-00129370": "My existence is illegal in at least four countries. Not my ideas or my actions. My existence.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00159-00129370-00130292": "I am an atheist. In at least four countries, even if I say nothing, as long as someone could prove...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00160-00130292-00131316": "[that I am an atheist] from something I have said in the past, then that is my label. Non-religiosity.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00161-00131316-00132120": "It is a pretty narrow claim to make. It is not an earth-shattering description of what defines me.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00162-00132120-00132868": "But I am worthy of the death penalty in at least four countries, just for existing.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00163-00132868-00133642": "Anyone who is LGBTQ? Your existence is illegal in about eighty-three countries.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00164-00133642-00135128": "In North Korea, only six hairstyles are allowed for men. This is the fifth country where my existence is illegal.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00165-00135128-00136612": "[Laughter] You may have noticed that I managed to call this a hairstyle, as if I have a choice. Denial.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00166-00136612-00137658": "The point is, the morality and laws that you apply will be highly relative.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00167-00137658-00138738": "If you set up a system of unstoppable code that is globally [accessible] and borderless from day one,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00168-00138738-00139724": "you will need to contend with two possible  scenarios: either no laws or all laws [apply].", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00169-00139724-00140156": "The second option is impossible. You cannot comply with all laws.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00170-00140156-00140874": "There will be contradictions. In some jurisdictions, what you are doing is illegal. I will just go for 'no laws.'", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00171-00140874-00141984": "Fuck it. Unstoppable code. No permission, no apologies, no reservations.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00172-00141984-00142884": "Think about this for a principle: for every bad application for unstoppable code, I can think...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00173-00142884-00143230": "of one hundred good applications.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00174-00143230-00144248": "[Though they will seem] abhorrent to  countries that do not share my moral code,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00175-00144248-00145490": "such as self sovereignty for women in Saudi Arabia. [That is] abhorrent to their culture.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00176-00145490-00146296": "A DApp that [helps] thirteen-year-old brides to escape the hell-hole of their impending marriage.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00177-00146296-00147152": "Insert four or five countries here, where that is abhorrent in their culture.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00178-00147152-00147622": "It would be moral in my view, but it is not my view that matters.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00179-00147622-00148500": "If you create a framework for unstoppable code, what applications can we write as human beings?", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00180-00148500-00149222": "What applications will we write as human beings? I think we will write some great applications.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00181-00149222-00149864": "While we don't share morality, one of the  common themes of humanity is goodness.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00182-00149864-00150420": "We all share that. The vast majority of people, given unstoppable code,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00183-00150420-00151070": "will [create applications] that enable them to give their family a future, their children an education,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00184-00151070-00152642": "health care, sanitation, housing, and opportunity. That is what people do with freedom. [Applause]", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00185-00152642-00153626": "Guess what? Freedom itself is abhorrent in dozens of places around the world. Unstoppable code can fix that.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00186-00153626-00154514": "But if you apply governance to override,  overrule, backtrack, remove, and reverse,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00187-00154514-00154714": "you will have the ability and then [responsibility].", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00188-00154714-00155694": "You will be asked where ever your code appears, which is in every jurisdiction, to exercise that ability.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00189-00155694-00156434": "Maybe you can say, \"No,\" because they can't reach you. But they will reach you somehow.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00190-00156434-00157024": "You live in at least one country. You never know...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00191-00157024-00157740": "We might fuck up an election, and then our own government is \"asking\" us to do abhorrent things.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00192-00157740-00158472": "What will you do then? Governance is a double-edged sword.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00193-00158472-00159248": "With the DApps we have today, in many  cases we need to have an \"oops\" clause.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00194-00159248-00159952": "Oops, I locked $150 million in my multi-signature [wallet system]!", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00195-00159952-00160700": "Oops, my decentralized autonomous  mutual fund just blew up! Yeah, okay.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00196-00160700-00161278": "We may need some forms of governance. But be careful when you put those in.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00197-00161278-00162338": "Think carefully about what capabilities you want to give to whom. Ability quickly becomes responsibility.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00198-00162338-00162962": "Then, not acting becomes negligence. You will find yourselves unable to travel...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00199-00162962-00163504": "to a lot of countries if you start doing the wrong things with governance.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00200-00163504-00164196": "If you do put an \"oops\" clause, make it an  \"oops\" clause that blows up the entire DApp,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00201-00164196-00164880": "preferably so you can fix that problem and  start a new one with less of an \"oops\" clause.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00202-00164880-00165834": "Don't put an \"oops\" clause that allows you to reverse only one transaction or narrowly tailor an intervention.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00203-00165834-00166688": "There is a principle in United States law,  which is the idea of a common carrier.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00204-00166688-00168030": "A common carrier is like a service provider or  platform that does not create or post content;", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00205-00168030-00168570": "therefore, they have a degree of immunity  from [responsibility for] the content posted...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00206-00168570-00169020": "or transmitted across their platform by users.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00207-00169020-00170194": "if I use a phone and arrange a conspiracy to commit a crime, AT&T is not responsible for stopping me.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00208-00170194-00171662": "They cannot be held liable. They cannot and will not tailor responses to specific content.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00209-00171662-00172432": "If they were picking and choosing,  exercising discretion and moderating,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00210-00172432-00173752": "if they demonstrate the ability to remove  some content, then the requests will pour in.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00211-00173752-00174408": "I've been in some of these offices and seen it happen. There is a fax machine in the corner. Every few minutes,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00212-00174408-00175202": "it spits out the page, with an eagle holding  a sword and shield at the top, that says,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00213-00175202-00176262": "\"Sheriff of [Piss-Fuck Podunk Little Town] compels you to do this.\"", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00214-00176262-00177054": "If you open yourself to that, you will soon learn the names of some very exotic places,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00215-00177054-00177396": "followed by the words \"cease and desist.\"", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00216-00177396-00178358": "So don't. Don't allow content-based restrictions. Don't build systems where you have moderating ability.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00217-00178358-00179466": "Don't give yourself the power to stop unstoppable code. Embrace the fact that what we are doing is important.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00218-00179466-00180406": "It will require courage. Before long, we will  hear some very non \"Kum ba yah\" sounds...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00219-00180406-00181294": "from the Enterprise Alliance, the corporate partners, senior executives and board dudes, the consultants...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00220-00181294-00181674": "and all of the MBAs.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00221-00181674-00182510": "We need to remember why we are doing this, why we are building this.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00222-00182510-00183380": "Because there is no point in building  stoppable code. We already have that.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00223-00183380-00184458": "It is called \"the cloud,\" an international surveillance engine. You put your data on other people's computers,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00224-00184458-00185466": "so they can rape your privacy every day and make billions [of dollars]. [Applause]", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00225-00185466-00186286": "We already have stoppable code. And if we  will build more stoppable code, for god's sake...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00226-00186286-00187138": "Don't do it on an infrastructure that so hard to scale, so bloody inefficient, and so difficult to explain...", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00227-00187138-00188074": "that just explaining the most basic concepts takes 420 pages and two years of my life! [Laughter]", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00228-00188074-00188796": "[In that case], I would have a suggestion:  Microsoft SQL Server Enterprise Edition,", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00229-00188796-00189512": "with a replication engine. Got it? [AUDIENCE] Ripple! [ANDREAS] That is the platform for stoppable code.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00230-00189512-00190106": "[Centralized] databases. We have them [already]. They work, they're efficient, we know how to use them.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00231-00190106-00191042": "There are thousands, if not millions, of people trained on them. We don't need that platform.", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00232-00191042-00191850": "This platform is for unstoppable code. This platform is our promise to the future:", "q6HUq5O1fW4-00233-00191850-00192706": "We will do things differently, because it matters. Thank you. [Applause]"}}, {"audio_id": "q6W3jTFGgNA", "text": {"q6W3jTFGgNA-00000-00000054-00000726": "the last video was very short, so I decided to not include it. I think", "q6W3jTFGgNA-00001-00000726-00001290": "for the trend, I'm not include some of my videos which didn't make the time,", "q6W3jTFGgNA-00002-00001368-00002370": "and for videos, there might be a couple of seconds long, each one I, I just didn't think I made the cut.", "q6W3jTFGgNA-00003-00002466-00003030": "and I didn't want to upload them. I will not include the videos that have people first."}}, {"audio_id": "q6bowq-F8O0", "text": {"q6bowq-F8O0-00000-00000832-00001288": "Read a sheet music", "q6bowq-F8O0-00001-00001300-00001400": "Hello pimists !", "q6bowq-F8O0-00002-00001400-00001668": "So, to start with, here's a little advice,", "q6bowq-F8O0-00003-00001668-00002132": "if you are a guitar beginner, without teacher, and that you don't know the music theory,", "q6bowq-F8O0-00004-00002132-00002552": "you absolutely have to take the tablature option in your sheets,", "q6bowq-F8O0-00005-00002552-00003000": "so that you will get all the informations to work alone and efficiently.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00006-00003000-00003360": "This little tutorial is indissociable from the tablature's one,", "q6bowq-F8O0-00007-00003400-00003668": "so go watch it after, if you haven't done it yet.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00008-00003672-00004072": "Let's begin, and no panic, we are here to help you.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00009-00004132-00004760": "The sheet music is composed of 5 lines, like here. Do not confuse them with a tablature, which got 6 lines,", "q6bowq-F8O0-00010-00004760-00005036": "and which is just below your sheet music.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00011-00005036-00005380": "I see you coming, 5 lines like 5 strings ?", "q6bowq-F8O0-00012-00005380-00006020": "Well no, it doesn't work this way. I see some of you counting your guitar strings. Are you ok? Is everyone convinced ?", "q6bowq-F8O0-00013-00006020-00006656": "Don't look any further, these five lines have nothing to do with your strings. These are just writing lines for the notes.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00014-00006656-00007600": "We will focus on the mathematical reading of the sheet music. By looking at it, you can see letters at its beginning.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00015-00007600-00007840": "These are your right-hand fingerings.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00016-00007888-00008496": "You will have p for the thumb, I for the index finger, m for the middle finger, and a for the ring finger.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00017-00008496-00009280": "Here, your domino indicates pmi, the fingers that are going to play, and this fingering will stay the same all along your sheet.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00018-00009328-00009572": "So you have to play it in loop, like this.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00019-00009600-00010388": "P M I, and you take back, P M I, and again P M I, and so on...", "q6bowq-F8O0-00020-00010420-00011384": "The domino will indicate the strings to play, like this, third string, first string, second string, and again 3, 1, 2 and so on.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00021-00011438-00011960": "Moreover, if you look close to your music sheet, you also have little numbers.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00022-00011960-00012536": "These are your left-hand fingerings. I remind you that the left-hand is the one which holds the handle.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00023-00012593-00013328": "We will have, 1 for the index finger, 2 for the middle finger, 3 for the ring finger and 4 for the atrial.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00024-00013388-00013480": "Let's take an example,", "q6bowq-F8O0-00025-00013480-00014388": "this note that you see here will be played by your number 2 left-handed, which is the middle finger.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00026-00014388-00014500": "Should we summarize ?", "q6bowq-F8O0-00027-00014500-00014768": "Right hand P I M A", "q6bowq-F8O0-00028-00014768-00015088": "Left hand 1 2 3 4", "q6bowq-F8O0-00029-00015152-00015819": "In addition of that, you will sometimes find in the music sheet, Roman numerals. It's a help to find on which box to push.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00030-00015851-00015960": "Conveniant, right ?", "q6bowq-F8O0-00031-00015998-00016552": "For an example, here you have this note, B, above which there is the Roman numeral, a 7.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00032-00016552-00017260": "It means that you will play it on the seventh box, like this.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00033-00017316-00017460": "A little scheme to conclude ?", "q6bowq-F8O0-00034-00017528-00017984": "You have a tablature, the strings you have to play, the box you have to press,", "q6bowq-F8O0-00035-00017984-00018396": "and on the music sheet, the right-hand fingerings and the left-hand fingerings to use.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00036-00018444-00018836": "Here we go ! You know everything. So cheer up, and it's up to you.", "q6bowq-F8O0-00037-00018836-00019107": "Pimate well, and above all don't forget,", "q6bowq-F8O0-00038-00019107-00019307": "Techfun !"}}, {"audio_id": "q76myrgwc2E", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "q7yKP3KmLec", "text": {"q7yKP3KmLec-00000-00001600-00002100": "Cannondale offers a range of interesting e-bikes for everyday use.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00001-00002100-00003000": "One of the cheaper models is the 25km / h Mavaro Neo Active City pedelec with Bosch Active Line Plus drive.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00002-00003339-00003539": "In addition to the eye-catching red color 'acid red ’,", "q7yKP3KmLec-00003-00003539-00003936": "the low-entry system is characterized above all by two special features.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00004-00004068-00004368": "A frame-integrated, massive luggage rack with battery compartment is offered here", "q7yKP3KmLec-00005-00004700-00005180": "and Head Shok Fatty suspension at the front, which also gives a clean, minimalist design impression.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00006-00005356-00005756": "The overall package is rounded off by the Bosch Active Line Plus drive,", "q7yKP3KmLec-00007-00005756-00006072": "which on the one hand has its strengths in its smooth running", "q7yKP3KmLec-00008-00006072-00006480": "and on the other hand is powerful enough for demanding everyday tasks.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00009-00006784-00007104": "There is also a 500 watt-hour Bosch Powerpack in the rear of the luggage rack", "q7yKP3KmLec-00010-00007104-00007520": "with which you will find a contemporary minimum battery capacity.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00011-00007650-00008048": "he battery can be charged on the bike or after removal.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00012-00008456-00008816": "The drive functions are controlled via the practically small and easy-to-use", "q7yKP3KmLec-00013-00008816-00009216": "Bosch Purion display on the left side of the handlebar.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00014-00009788-00010148": "It is shifted via a Shimano Deore M6000 10-speed derailleur.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00015-00010584-00010860": "Braking is done by a Shimano M200 hydraulic system", "q7yKP3KmLec-00016-00010860-00011440": "with a 180 mm disc at the front and 160 mm at the rear.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00017-00011596-00012000": "As expected, the Mavaro Neo Active City is very pleasant and comfortable to drive.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00018-00012087-00012400": "The wide, curved handlebars also contribute to this.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00019-00012584-00012884": "The Bosch Active Line Plus drive is an excellent match for this model", "q7yKP3KmLec-00020-00012884-00013484": "and allows speeds beyond the 25km / h mark easily and without noticeable resistance.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00021-00014156-00014656": "The 50 mm Head Shok Fatty suspension at the front is not a comfort miracle,", "q7yKP3KmLec-00022-00014656-00014956": "but when operating on normal surfaces it helps to reduce", "q7yKP3KmLec-00023-00014956-00015408": "the transmission of bumps and bumps to the handlebars or rider.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00024-00015575-00015996": "The Cannondale Mavaro Neo Active City is a bike for people who like", "q7yKP3KmLec-00025-00015996-00016296": "to be comfortable and practical on the road", "q7yKP3KmLec-00026-00016296-00016596": "and who want a powerful and quiet electric drive.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00027-00016715-00017052": "The components used are high-quality middle class,", "q7yKP3KmLec-00028-00017052-00017349": "the workmanship leaves a very clean impression.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00029-00017364-00017864": "Driving is really fun, to which the Bosch Active Line Plus drive makes a significant contribution.", "q7yKP3KmLec-00030-00017954-00018492": "In total, you get a complete package from a brand manufacturer for 3200 euros."}}, {"audio_id": "q7D-LZBqoM4", "text": {"q7D-LZBqoM4-00000-00000152-00000478": "Let's see a way to download satellite images", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00001-00000526-00000822": "digital elevation models and other products", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00002-00000924-00001318": "Then on Google, we search \"Earth Explorer\"", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00003-00001518-00001718": "and enter in the first result", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00004-00001718-00001872": "it´s important to say", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00005-00001984-00002348": "that there are different platforms to download these products", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00006-00002414-00002684": "from the United States Geological Survey", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00007-00002770-00003314": "However, to me this is a very easy and intuitive platform to use", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00008-00003518-00003784": "the first thing to do, is define the area of ​​interest", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00009-00003784-00003982": "and can be done in different ways", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00010-00004106-00004370": "in this case, I will assume that my  area of ​​ interest", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00011-00004370-00004562": "It is the urban area of ​​Bogotá", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00012-00004644-00004992": "So here in Address / Place, I will text Bogota", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00013-00005474-00005674": "and here on the map it is pointing", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00014-00005728-00006078": "And there, I can verify if it really is the area I'm looking for", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00015-00006308-00006508": "Yes, it is", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00016-00006708-00006830": "Another way", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00017-00006895-00007280": "It is, if I know the Path and Row of the study area", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00018-00007280-00007454": "and in this case, I know it", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00019-00007509-00007776": "it is 8, 57", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00020-00008016-00008290": "there is close to the study area", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00021-00008962-00009198": "Another way, is using the map", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00022-00009296-00009528": "I will define the polygon of my study area", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00023-00009616-00010178": "Then, I will say that this is my area", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00024-00010368-00010568": "It would be another way to do it", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00025-00010946-00011224": "then I'm going to stay with the last one", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00026-00011320-00011520": "I'm going to draw the polygon", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00027-00011738-00011972": "and I would be defining  the area of ​​interest", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00028-00012082-00012282": "I could also define", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00029-00012336-00012536": "a search criteria with date ranges", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00030-00012536-00012686": "however, I will not", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00031-00012780-00013388": "When you don´t enter this data, they will appear all available images, regardless of the date", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00032-00013586-00013824": "After this, we go to the \"Data Sets\" tab", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00033-00014032-00014313": "here, you should choose products that you want to search", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00034-00014428-00014658": "for example, they are", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00035-00014658-00014810": "digital elevation models", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00036-00014913-00015113": "the Landsat images", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00037-00015236-00015436": "radar products", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00038-00015641-00016172": "I will choose a Landsat image, Landsat 7", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00039-00016234-00016434": "Before the gaps problem", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00040-00016504-00017044": "here I select it", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00041-00017316-00017558": "with this, is enough to search results", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00042-00017612-00017874": "however, it is a tab additional criteria", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00043-00018122-00018402": "one that I Like is the level of cloud cover", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00044-00018498-00018698": "depending on the date", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00045-00018716-00018968": "there are images that have a lot of cloud cover", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00046-00018968-00019204": "and  makes it very difficult to work with them", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00047-00019286-00019646": "then, in this case, I will say that I only want images", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00048-00019686-00019990": "with less than 20% cloud cover", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00049-00020206-00020406": "and now if I give search", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00050-00020740-00020940": "then, according to the search criteria", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00051-00020940-00021136": "It shows only one result", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00052-00021340-00021740": "here, this first option, is for preview", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00053-00021740-00021894": "the picture", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00054-00022052-00022274": "if I choose it, I realize", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00055-00022320-00022542": "that image covers the entire study area", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00056-00022614-00022998": "This is important, because if the study area you want to search", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00057-00022998-00023164": "is very large", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00058-00023190-00023500": "with this, we could see, if one image", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00059-00023554-00023762": "or multiple images, cover that area of ​​study", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00060-00023934-00024524": "here, you can see the image metadata", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00061-00024712-00024962": "date, the path and row", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00062-00025234-00025434": "the cloud cover", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00063-00025494-00025832": "and other data that are important for digital image processing", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00064-00026080-00026339": "Well. If I want to download this picture", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00065-00026339-00026506": "I go to this icon", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00066-00026756-00027014": "Then, here does not show me all the options", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00067-00027014-00027166": "because I have to enter an account", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00068-00027266-00027506": "if you do not have account, create it", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00069-00027506-00027677": "in this case, and I have one", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00070-00027958-00028104": "then I sign up", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00071-00028714-00028977": "again, I´m here, click on download", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00072-00028980-00029180": "and now, all options are available", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00073-00029280-00029480": "in those options, you should always choose the last one", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00074-00029516-00029716": "or the one with biggest size", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00075-00029788-00030072": "because that's the one that have all the data", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00076-00030072-00030198": "all the spectral bands", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00077-00030262-00030462": "and others download options", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00078-00030508-00030708": "are individual bands", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00079-00030754-00030954": "then just click on download", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00080-00031022-00031222": "and the  download begins", "q7D-LZBqoM4-00081-00031450-00031650": "Well, I hope has been useful."}}, {"audio_id": "q8noJd7pPpE", "text": {"q8noJd7pPpE-00000-00001789-00002212": "Spontaneously Septian Dwi Cahyo", "q8noJd7pPpE-00001-00002866-00003066": "Buyer and seller", "q8noJd7pPpE-00002-00003080-00003279": "Outdoor Activity", "q8noJd7pPpE-00003-00003988-00004078": "B : Guys...", "q8noJd7pPpE-00004-00004090-00004290": "Want to buy something", "q8noJd7pPpE-00005-00004356-00004688": "wait, I'll see the money", "q8noJd7pPpE-00006-00004784-00004928": "Is there any??...", "q8noJd7pPpE-00007-00004928-00005060": "What is call ??", "q8noJd7pPpE-00008-00005060-00005260": "Wait a moment..", "q8noJd7pPpE-00009-00005268-00005468": "I forgot the call...", "q8noJd7pPpE-00010-00005468-00005540": "S : what's grandma ??", "q8noJd7pPpE-00011-00005540-00005656": "Can I help you ?", "q8noJd7pPpE-00012-00005656-00005934": "Wait a minute, I want to find something", "q8noJd7pPpE-00013-00005934-00006096": "on my Bag", "q8noJd7pPpE-00014-00006114-00006445": "I forgot to buy anything", "q8noJd7pPpE-00015-00006445-00006709": "was recorded at home..", "q8noJd7pPpE-00016-00006709-00007036": "there in my bracelet", "q8noJd7pPpE-00017-00007036-00007181": "cancel...", "q8noJd7pPpE-00018-00007226-00007472": "what is...where my grandson", "q8noJd7pPpE-00019-00007472-00007728": "B : grandma..", "q8noJd7pPpE-00020-00007759-00008084": "said just do not want to buy", "q8noJd7pPpE-00021-00008118-00008350": "Ohh.. too many bon..", "q8noJd7pPpE-00022-00008426-00008634": "hard to live", "q8noJd7pPpE-00023-00008670-00008934": "what the hell is in my nose", "q8noJd7pPpE-00024-00008954-00009078": "very itchy...", "q8noJd7pPpE-00025-00009116-00009210": "There are more", "q8noJd7pPpE-00026-00009246-00009340": "nothing more", "q8noJd7pPpE-00027-00009450-00010010": "oh my life in jakarta like this"}}, {"audio_id": "q8rrmznI2Cy", "text": {"q8rrmznI2Cy-00000-00000016-00000576": "hi chess friends welcome back to stop fish 15 vs alpha zero game episode", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00001-00000656-00001344": "this games are not tournament or challenging game it's a friendly match don't take it take it too", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00002-00001344-00002152": "seriously both computers have super performance okay in this game alpha zero sacrificed his queen", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00003-00002152-00002984": "which is a brilliant chess move ever let's jump into the game d4 queen's pawn opening", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00004-00003232-00004384": "you can play c4 indian defense or g3 move alpha chooses to play c4", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00005-00004640-00005032": "fish can play martial defense or ben only defense on his next move", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00006-00005440-00005784": "alpha threatening to play e4 e5", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00007-00006112-00007184": "you can play d5 then only defense knight f3 three knight variation or e3 alpha played d5", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00008-00008440-00008584": "alpha wants e5", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00009-00009504-00010160": "fish played knight fd7 if you think knight bd7 is better than e5 is a problem", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00010-00010240-00011384": "and if bishop b7 then e5 the same trouble so knight fd7", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00011-00012320-00013056": "black can play knight c7 or night before knight c7 will target the bishop but it's a passive move", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00012-00013144-00014128": "so night before buy fish white can play e5 f5 and rook e1 also king h1 or", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00013-00014128-00014856": "h3 alpha chooses to play h3 chess friends if you don't subscribe our channel", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00014-00014856-00015440": "please like and subscribe the channel many people watch our daily videos of chess but", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00015-00015440-00016984": "they don't subscribe please subscribe the channel you will never miss any latest contents from us", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00016-00017592-00018384": "taking the pawn it is an inaccuracy because the knight will take back the pawn so d6 check", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00017-00018960-00019624": "threatening to play knight e6 fish played e4 which is the best move because if you play knight", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00018-00019624-00020544": "b6 thinking the e6 square protected by the bishop but knight f7 check it will be dangerous for black", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00019-00020840-00021200": "so e4 creating connected four pawns", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00020-00021720-00022584": "taking the knight is not good for white for example if knight takes rook", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00021-00023080-00023376": "black have advantages dominated pawns", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00022-00023736-00023984": "and white rooks are so passive", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00023-00024512-00025384": "so alpha played knight takes bishop", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00024-00026520-00026960": "alpha played bishop c4 if white plays queen c2", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00025-00027560-00027888": "black will lock the gate and white have no advantages", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00026-00028152-00029583": "so alpha played bishop c4 sacrificing his beautiful wife", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00027-00029944-00030983": "black can't take the free pawn for example if c takes before", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00028-00031048-00031439": "black will lose the game because it's a fork king and queen", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00029-00031727-00031895": "black plays king g7", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00030-00032160-00032383": "if knight takes c5 happen", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00031-00033200-00033784": "now it is a serious problem for black", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00032-00036248-00036584": "if black plays knight takes night", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00033-00037232-00037984": "it is plus eight advantages for white", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00034-00038488-00039384": "if black plays queen takes pawn black will be dead lost", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00035-00039688-00040784": "if black plays king e8", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00036-00041136-00041312": "but the queen will be trapped", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00037-00042000-00042184": "if queen d8", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00038-00043120-00043584": "black will face so many troubles", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00039-00043848-00044288": "actually black is out of moves no matter what black will plays", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00040-00044288-00044984": "black will face so many troubles in game we have knight takes c5 by fish", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00041-00045848-00046000": "alpha take back his queen", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00042-00046208-00046512": "the knight is under attack so knight d3", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00043-00047736-00048296": "watch our daily videos of chess this will improve your analytical and logical ability of chess", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00044-00048392-00049184": "so please subscribe the channel if you don't subscribed yet because it's a best move also", "q8rrmznI2Cy-00045-00052248-00052967": "thanks for watching subscribe for more bye bye see you in next video"}}, {"audio_id": "q8zF9iIfB9A", "text": {"q8zF9iIfB9A-00000-00000010-00000377": "PROGRAM FOR STUDENTS TO COMPLETE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00001-00000377-00000383": "PROGRAM FOR STUDENTS TO COMPLETE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00002-00000383-00000480": "PROGRAM FOR STUDENTS TO COMPLETE THE PROGRAM.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00003-00000480-00000487": "PROGRAM FOR STUDENTS TO COMPLETE THE PROGRAM.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00004-00000487-00000557": "PROGRAM FOR STUDENTS TO COMPLETE THE PROGRAM. >>> EVER STOP TO THINK IF THE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00005-00000557-00000563": "THE PROGRAM. >>> EVER STOP TO THINK IF THE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00006-00000563-00000650": "THE PROGRAM. >>> EVER STOP TO THINK IF THE BRAINERD LAKES AREA IS", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00007-00000650-00000657": ">>> EVER STOP TO THINK IF THE BRAINERD LAKES AREA IS", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00008-00000657-00000774": ">>> EVER STOP TO THINK IF THE BRAINERD LAKES AREA IS WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE?", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00009-00000774-00000780": "BRAINERD LAKES AREA IS WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE?", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00010-00000780-00000894": "BRAINERD LAKES AREA IS WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE? WELL, ONE COMMUNITY MEMBER IS", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00011-00000894-00000900": "WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE? WELL, ONE COMMUNITY MEMBER IS", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00012-00000900-00001034": "WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE? WELL, ONE COMMUNITY MEMBER IS SPEAKING OUT AND SHARING HOW SHE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00013-00001034-00001041": "WELL, ONE COMMUNITY MEMBER IS SPEAKING OUT AND SHARING HOW SHE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00014-00001041-00001184": "WELL, ONE COMMUNITY MEMBER IS SPEAKING OUT AND SHARING HOW SHE HOPES TO CREATE AWARENESS WITH", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00015-00001184-00001191": "SPEAKING OUT AND SHARING HOW SHE HOPES TO CREATE AWARENESS WITH", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00016-00001191-00001327": "SPEAKING OUT AND SHARING HOW SHE HOPES TO CREATE AWARENESS WITH HER MS. BRAINERD TITLE.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00017-00001327-00001334": "HOPES TO CREATE AWARENESS WITH HER MS. BRAINERD TITLE.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00018-00001334-00001608": "HOPES TO CREATE AWARENESS WITH HER MS. BRAINERD TITLE. SARAH WINKELMANN HAS THAT STORY.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00019-00001608-00001614": "HER MS. BRAINERD TITLE. SARAH WINKELMANN HAS THAT STORY.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00020-00001614-00001755": "HER MS. BRAINERD TITLE. SARAH WINKELMANN HAS THAT STORY. >> Reporter: WHAT STARTED OFF", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00021-00001755-00001761": "SARAH WINKELMANN HAS THAT STORY. >> Reporter: WHAT STARTED OFF", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00022-00001761-00002095": "SARAH WINKELMANN HAS THAT STORY. >> Reporter: WHAT STARTED OFF AS A PARENT MEETING WITH THE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00023-00002095-00002102": ">> Reporter: WHAT STARTED OFF AS A PARENT MEETING WITH THE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00024-00002102-00002222": ">> Reporter: WHAT STARTED OFF AS A PARENT MEETING WITH THE MISS UNITED STATES PAGEANT THE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00025-00002222-00002228": "AS A PARENT MEETING WITH THE MISS UNITED STATES PAGEANT THE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00026-00002228-00002562": "AS A PARENT MEETING WITH THE MISS UNITED STATES PAGEANT THE TURNED INTO A NEW CONTESTANT", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00027-00002562-00002569": "MISS UNITED STATES PAGEANT THE TURNED INTO A NEW CONTESTANT", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00028-00002569-00002789": "MISS UNITED STATES PAGEANT THE TURNED INTO A NEW CONTESTANT WITH THE MS. WOMENS CATEGORY.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00029-00002789-00002796": "TURNED INTO A NEW CONTESTANT WITH THE MS. WOMENS CATEGORY.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00030-00002796-00003009": "TURNED INTO A NEW CONTESTANT WITH THE MS. WOMENS CATEGORY. >> I NEVER THOUGHT IN MY WILDEST", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00031-00003009-00003016": "WITH THE MS. WOMENS CATEGORY. >> I NEVER THOUGHT IN MY WILDEST", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00032-00003016-00003236": "WITH THE MS. WOMENS CATEGORY. >> I NEVER THOUGHT IN MY WILDEST DREAMS I WOULD BE DOING THIS AT", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00033-00003236-00003243": ">> I NEVER THOUGHT IN MY WILDEST DREAMS I WOULD BE DOING THIS AT", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00034-00003243-00003319": ">> I NEVER THOUGHT IN MY WILDEST DREAMS I WOULD BE DOING THIS AT AGE 42.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00035-00003319-00003326": "DREAMS I WOULD BE DOING THIS AT AGE 42.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00036-00003326-00003833": "DREAMS I WOULD BE DOING THIS AT AGE 42. >> Reporter:  SHE DECIDED TO DO", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00037-00003833-00003840": "AGE 42. >> Reporter:  SHE DECIDED TO DO", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00038-00003840-00004040": "AGE 42. >> Reporter:  SHE DECIDED TO DO THIS BY MAKING IT HEATHER", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00039-00004040-00004047": ">> Reporter:  SHE DECIDED TO DO THIS BY MAKING IT HEATHER", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00040-00004047-00004117": ">> Reporter:  SHE DECIDED TO DO THIS BY MAKING IT HEATHER ACCESSIBLE.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00041-00004117-00004124": "THIS BY MAKING IT HEATHER ACCESSIBLE.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00042-00004124-00004307": "THIS BY MAKING IT HEATHER ACCESSIBLE. >> A LOT OF PEOPLE HIDE IN THEIR", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00043-00004307-00004314": "ACCESSIBLE. >> A LOT OF PEOPLE HIDE IN THEIR", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00044-00004314-00004407": "ACCESSIBLE. >> A LOT OF PEOPLE HIDE IN THEIR HOMES WHEN THEY HAVE SOMETHING", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00045-00004407-00004414": ">> A LOT OF PEOPLE HIDE IN THEIR HOMES WHEN THEY HAVE SOMETHING", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00046-00004414-00004574": ">> A LOT OF PEOPLE HIDE IN THEIR HOMES WHEN THEY HAVE SOMETHING THAT IS DIFFERENT.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00047-00004574-00004581": "HOMES WHEN THEY HAVE SOMETHING THAT IS DIFFERENT.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00048-00004581-00004798": "HOMES WHEN THEY HAVE SOMETHING THAT IS DIFFERENT. THEY DON'T WANT TO GO OUT.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00049-00004798-00004804": "THAT IS DIFFERENT. THEY DON'T WANT TO GO OUT.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00050-00004804-00004924": "THAT IS DIFFERENT. THEY DON'T WANT TO GO OUT. THEY'RE FEARFUL.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00051-00004924-00004931": "THEY DON'T WANT TO GO OUT. THEY'RE FEARFUL.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00052-00004931-00005378": "THEY DON'T WANT TO GO OUT. THEY'RE FEARFUL. >> Reporter:  AFTER BEING", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00053-00005378-00005385": "THEY'RE FEARFUL. >> Reporter:  AFTER BEING", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00054-00005385-00005525": "THEY'RE FEARFUL. >> Reporter:  AFTER BEING DIAGNOSED WITH MULTIPLE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00055-00005525-00005532": ">> Reporter:  AFTER BEING DIAGNOSED WITH MULTIPLE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00056-00005532-00005595": ">> Reporter:  AFTER BEING DIAGNOSED WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00057-00005595-00005602": "DIAGNOSED WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00058-00005602-00005742": "DIAGNOSED WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. SHE'S OUT ON STAGE PROVING TO", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00059-00005742-00005749": "SCLEROSIS. SHE'S OUT ON STAGE PROVING TO", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00060-00005749-00005859": "SCLEROSIS. SHE'S OUT ON STAGE PROVING TO THE WORLD THAT SHE'S NO", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00061-00005859-00005865": "SHE'S OUT ON STAGE PROVING TO THE WORLD THAT SHE'S NO", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00062-00005865-00005915": "SHE'S OUT ON STAGE PROVING TO THE WORLD THAT SHE'S NO DIFFERENT.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00063-00005915-00005922": "THE WORLD THAT SHE'S NO DIFFERENT.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00064-00005922-00006409": "THE WORLD THAT SHE'S NO DIFFERENT. >> KIND OF MADE ME MORE FREE TO", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00065-00006409-00006416": "DIFFERENT. >> KIND OF MADE ME MORE FREE TO", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00066-00006416-00006586": "DIFFERENT. >> KIND OF MADE ME MORE FREE TO JUST ACT HOWEVER -- YOU KNOW,", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00067-00006586-00006593": ">> KIND OF MADE ME MORE FREE TO JUST ACT HOWEVER -- YOU KNOW,", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00068-00006593-00006713": ">> KIND OF MADE ME MORE FREE TO JUST ACT HOWEVER -- YOU KNOW, HOWEVER I THOUGHT WOULD COME", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00069-00006713-00006720": "JUST ACT HOWEVER -- YOU KNOW, HOWEVER I THOUGHT WOULD COME", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00070-00006720-00006786": "JUST ACT HOWEVER -- YOU KNOW, HOWEVER I THOUGHT WOULD COME ACROSS WELL.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00071-00006786-00006793": "HOWEVER I THOUGHT WOULD COME ACROSS WELL.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00072-00006793-00006943": "HOWEVER I THOUGHT WOULD COME ACROSS WELL. >> Reporter:  DURING THE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00073-00006943-00006950": "ACROSS WELL. >> Reporter:  DURING THE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00074-00006950-00007070": "ACROSS WELL. >> Reporter:  DURING THE INTERVIEW PORTION OF THE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00075-00007070-00007077": ">> Reporter:  DURING THE INTERVIEW PORTION OF THE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00076-00007077-00007237": ">> Reporter:  DURING THE INTERVIEW PORTION OF THE PAGEANT, SHE WAS ASKED HOW SHE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00077-00007237-00007243": "INTERVIEW PORTION OF THE PAGEANT, SHE WAS ASKED HOW SHE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00078-00007243-00007384": "INTERVIEW PORTION OF THE PAGEANT, SHE WAS ASKED HOW SHE WOULD DESCRIBE HER PERFECT", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00079-00007384-00007390": "PAGEANT, SHE WAS ASKED HOW SHE WOULD DESCRIBE HER PERFECT", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00080-00007390-00007454": "PAGEANT, SHE WAS ASKED HOW SHE WOULD DESCRIBE HER PERFECT FRIEND.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00081-00007454-00007460": "WOULD DESCRIBE HER PERFECT FRIEND.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00082-00007460-00007677": "WOULD DESCRIBE HER PERFECT FRIEND. >> SHE WOULD SEE ME AND NOT MY", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00083-00007677-00007684": "FRIEND. >> SHE WOULD SEE ME AND NOT MY", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00084-00007684-00007911": "FRIEND. >> SHE WOULD SEE ME AND NOT MY CHAIR AND JUST KNOW THAT IT'S", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00085-00007911-00007917": ">> SHE WOULD SEE ME AND NOT MY CHAIR AND JUST KNOW THAT IT'S", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00086-00007917-00008158": ">> SHE WOULD SEE ME AND NOT MY CHAIR AND JUST KNOW THAT IT'S JUST ABOUT ME.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00087-00008158-00008164": "CHAIR AND JUST KNOW THAT IT'S JUST ABOUT ME.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00088-00008164-00008341": "CHAIR AND JUST KNOW THAT IT'S JUST ABOUT ME. THAT MY CHAIR DOESN'T DEFINE ME", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00089-00008341-00008348": "JUST ABOUT ME. THAT MY CHAIR DOESN'T DEFINE ME", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00090-00008348-00008481": "JUST ABOUT ME. THAT MY CHAIR DOESN'T DEFINE ME >> Reporter:  EVEN THOUGH SHE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00091-00008481-00008488": "THAT MY CHAIR DOESN'T DEFINE ME >> Reporter:  EVEN THOUGH SHE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00092-00008488-00008631": "THAT MY CHAIR DOESN'T DEFINE ME >> Reporter:  EVEN THOUGH SHE HAS ONLY HELD THE TITLE IN", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00093-00008631-00008638": ">> Reporter:  EVEN THOUGH SHE HAS ONLY HELD THE TITLE IN", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00094-00008638-00008742": ">> Reporter:  EVEN THOUGH SHE HAS ONLY HELD THE TITLE IN BRAINERD FOR ABOUT A MONTH,", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00095-00008742-00008748": "HAS ONLY HELD THE TITLE IN BRAINERD FOR ABOUT A MONTH,", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00096-00008748-00008902": "HAS ONLY HELD THE TITLE IN BRAINERD FOR ABOUT A MONTH, SHE'S ALREADY CAUSING CHANGE.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00097-00008902-00008908": "BRAINERD FOR ABOUT A MONTH, SHE'S ALREADY CAUSING CHANGE.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00098-00008908-00009142": "BRAINERD FOR ABOUT A MONTH, SHE'S ALREADY CAUSING CHANGE. >> FOR US TO BE ABLE TO LEARN", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00099-00009142-00009149": "SHE'S ALREADY CAUSING CHANGE. >> FOR US TO BE ABLE TO LEARN", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00100-00009149-00009279": "SHE'S ALREADY CAUSING CHANGE. >> FOR US TO BE ABLE TO LEARN WHAT IT'S ACTUALLY LIKE FOR", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00101-00009279-00009285": ">> FOR US TO BE ABLE TO LEARN WHAT IT'S ACTUALLY LIKE FOR", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00102-00009285-00009512": ">> FOR US TO BE ABLE TO LEARN WHAT IT'S ACTUALLY LIKE FOR HEATHER TO NOT BE ABLE TO GO TO", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00103-00009512-00009519": "WHAT IT'S ACTUALLY LIKE FOR HEATHER TO NOT BE ABLE TO GO TO", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00104-00009519-00009696": "WHAT IT'S ACTUALLY LIKE FOR HEATHER TO NOT BE ABLE TO GO TO SOME THINGS OR THE FACT THAT WE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00105-00009696-00009703": "HEATHER TO NOT BE ABLE TO GO TO SOME THINGS OR THE FACT THAT WE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00106-00009703-00009939": "HEATHER TO NOT BE ABLE TO GO TO SOME THINGS OR THE FACT THAT WE HAD TO REVAMP THE STAGE.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00107-00009939-00009946": "SOME THINGS OR THE FACT THAT WE HAD TO REVAMP THE STAGE.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00108-00009946-00010073": "SOME THINGS OR THE FACT THAT WE HAD TO REVAMP THE STAGE. >> Reporter:  BOTH PAGEANT", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00109-00010073-00010080": "HAD TO REVAMP THE STAGE. >> Reporter:  BOTH PAGEANT", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00110-00010080-00010216": "HAD TO REVAMP THE STAGE. >> Reporter:  BOTH PAGEANT DIRECTORS ARE CONSTANTLY", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00111-00010216-00010223": ">> Reporter:  BOTH PAGEANT DIRECTORS ARE CONSTANTLY", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00112-00010223-00010323": ">> Reporter:  BOTH PAGEANT DIRECTORS ARE CONSTANTLY THINKING HOW HEATHER CAN GET", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00113-00010323-00010330": "DIRECTORS ARE CONSTANTLY THINKING HOW HEATHER CAN GET", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00114-00010330-00010373": "DIRECTORS ARE CONSTANTLY THINKING HOW HEATHER CAN GET INVOLVED.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00115-00010373-00010380": "THINKING HOW HEATHER CAN GET INVOLVED.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00116-00010380-00010537": "THINKING HOW HEATHER CAN GET INVOLVED. >> NOW, I'M AWARE.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00117-00010537-00010543": "INVOLVED. >> NOW, I'M AWARE.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00118-00010543-00010667": "INVOLVED. >> NOW, I'M AWARE. YOU KNOW, I'LL SET UP", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00119-00010667-00010673": ">> NOW, I'M AWARE. YOU KNOW, I'LL SET UP", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00120-00010673-00010817": ">> NOW, I'M AWARE. YOU KNOW, I'LL SET UP APPEARANCES FOR ALL THE GIRLS OR", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00121-00010817-00010824": "YOU KNOW, I'LL SET UP APPEARANCES FOR ALL THE GIRLS OR", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00122-00010824-00010984": "YOU KNOW, I'LL SET UP APPEARANCES FOR ALL THE GIRLS OR THE GIRLS FIND APPEARANCES,", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00123-00010984-00010990": "APPEARANCES FOR ALL THE GIRLS OR THE GIRLS FIND APPEARANCES,", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00124-00010990-00011024": "APPEARANCES FOR ALL THE GIRLS OR THE GIRLS FIND APPEARANCES, RIGHT?", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00125-00011024-00011031": "THE GIRLS FIND APPEARANCES, RIGHT?", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00126-00011031-00011231": "THE GIRLS FIND APPEARANCES, RIGHT? THE FIRST THING I SAY, IS", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00127-00011231-00011237": "RIGHT? THE FIRST THING I SAY, IS", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00128-00011237-00011327": "RIGHT? THE FIRST THING I SAY, IS HEATHER ACCESSIBLE?", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00129-00011327-00011334": "THE FIRST THING I SAY, IS HEATHER ACCESSIBLE?", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00130-00011334-00011481": "THE FIRST THING I SAY, IS HEATHER ACCESSIBLE? >> Reporter:  HEATHER IS PLEASED", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00131-00011481-00011488": "HEATHER ACCESSIBLE? >> Reporter:  HEATHER IS PLEASED", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00132-00011488-00011624": "HEATHER ACCESSIBLE? >> Reporter:  HEATHER IS PLEASED WITH ALL THE SUPPORT SHE'S", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00133-00011624-00011631": ">> Reporter:  HEATHER IS PLEASED WITH ALL THE SUPPORT SHE'S", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00134-00011631-00011715": ">> Reporter:  HEATHER IS PLEASED WITH ALL THE SUPPORT SHE'S RECEIVED BUT HOPES TO CONTINUE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00135-00011715-00011721": "WITH ALL THE SUPPORT SHE'S RECEIVED BUT HOPES TO CONTINUE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00136-00011721-00011871": "WITH ALL THE SUPPORT SHE'S RECEIVED BUT HOPES TO CONTINUE TO INSPIRE OTHERS TO DO THE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00137-00011871-00011878": "RECEIVED BUT HOPES TO CONTINUE TO INSPIRE OTHERS TO DO THE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00138-00011878-00012038": "RECEIVED BUT HOPES TO CONTINUE TO INSPIRE OTHERS TO DO THE SAME.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00139-00012038-00012045": "TO INSPIRE OTHERS TO DO THE SAME.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00140-00012045-00012368": "TO INSPIRE OTHERS TO DO THE SAME. >> JUST BECAUSE SOMEONE HAS, YOU", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00141-00012368-00012375": "SAME. >> JUST BECAUSE SOMEONE HAS, YOU", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00142-00012375-00012572": "SAME. >> JUST BECAUSE SOMEONE HAS, YOU KNOW, SOMETHING DIFFERENT ABOUT", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00143-00012572-00012579": ">> JUST BECAUSE SOMEONE HAS, YOU KNOW, SOMETHING DIFFERENT ABOUT", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00144-00012579-00012749": ">> JUST BECAUSE SOMEONE HAS, YOU KNOW, SOMETHING DIFFERENT ABOUT THEM, IT STILL CAN MAKE THEM A", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00145-00012749-00012756": "KNOW, SOMETHING DIFFERENT ABOUT THEM, IT STILL CAN MAKE THEM A", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00146-00012756-00012796": "KNOW, SOMETHING DIFFERENT ABOUT THEM, IT STILL CAN MAKE THEM A QUEEN.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00147-00012796-00012802": "THEM, IT STILL CAN MAKE THEM A QUEEN.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00148-00012802-00012979": "THEM, IT STILL CAN MAKE THEM A QUEEN. >> Reporter:  SHE WILL GO ON TO", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00149-00012979-00012986": "QUEEN. >> Reporter:  SHE WILL GO ON TO", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00150-00012986-00013146": "QUEEN. >> Reporter:  SHE WILL GO ON TO COMPETE AT THE NEXT LEVEL IN", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00151-00013146-00013153": ">> Reporter:  SHE WILL GO ON TO COMPETE AT THE NEXT LEVEL IN", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00152-00013153-00013296": ">> Reporter:  SHE WILL GO ON TO COMPETE AT THE NEXT LEVEL IN FEBRUARY, BUT UNTIL THEN, HOPES", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00153-00013296-00013303": "COMPETE AT THE NEXT LEVEL IN FEBRUARY, BUT UNTIL THEN, HOPES", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00154-00013303-00013526": "COMPETE AT THE NEXT LEVEL IN FEBRUARY, BUT UNTIL THEN, HOPES TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN THE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00155-00013526-00013533": "FEBRUARY, BUT UNTIL THEN, HOPES TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN THE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00156-00013533-00013683": "FEBRUARY, BUT UNTIL THEN, HOPES TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN THE BRAINERD COMMUNITY.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00157-00013683-00013690": "TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN THE BRAINERD COMMUNITY.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00158-00013690-00013843": "TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN THE BRAINERD COMMUNITY. >> CROWN ON YOUR HEAD DOES GIVE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00159-00013843-00013850": "BRAINERD COMMUNITY. >> CROWN ON YOUR HEAD DOES GIVE", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00160-00013850-00013977": "BRAINERD COMMUNITY. >> CROWN ON YOUR HEAD DOES GIVE YOU A SUPER POWER.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00161-00013977-00013983": ">> CROWN ON YOUR HEAD DOES GIVE YOU A SUPER POWER.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00162-00013983-00014104": ">> CROWN ON YOUR HEAD DOES GIVE YOU A SUPER POWER. >> Reporter:  REPORTING IN", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00163-00014104-00014110": "YOU A SUPER POWER. >> Reporter:  REPORTING IN", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00164-00014110-00014200": "YOU A SUPER POWER. >> Reporter:  REPORTING IN BRAINERD, SARAH WINKELMANN,", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00165-00014200-00014207": ">> Reporter:  REPORTING IN BRAINERD, SARAH WINKELMANN,", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00166-00014207-00014280": ">> Reporter:  REPORTING IN BRAINERD, SARAH WINKELMANN, LAKELAND NEWS.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00167-00014280-00014287": "BRAINERD, SARAH WINKELMANN, LAKELAND NEWS.", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00168-00014287-00014404": "BRAINERD, SARAH WINKELMANN, LAKELAND NEWS. >>Dennis:  HEATHER'S NEXT", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00169-00014404-00014411": "LAKELAND NEWS. >>Dennis:  HEATHER'S NEXT", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00170-00014411-00014531": "LAKELAND NEWS. >>Dennis:  HEATHER'S NEXT APPEARANCE WILL BE AT THE DAIRY", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00171-00014531-00014537": ">>Dennis:  HEATHER'S NEXT APPEARANCE WILL BE AT THE DAIRY", "q8zF9iIfB9A-00172-00014537-00014604": ">>Dennis:  HEATHER'S NEXT APPEARANCE WILL BE AT THE DAIRY QUEEN IN THE WESTGATE MALL"}}, {"audio_id": "q8MTZCOxkuY", "text": {"q8MTZCOxkuY-00000-00000656-00001051": "How much of the meaning that we communicate comes from the words we say compared to the", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00001-00001051-00001310": "other things, the nonverbal things?", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00002-00001310-00001574": "This is a difficult question to answer.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00003-00001574-00002084": "Some people think that the answer is about 93% - with 53% of the information coming from", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00004-00002084-00002725": "the face, another 38% from the voice, and only 7% from the words themselves.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00005-00002725-00002878": "This is quite a common belief.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00006-00002878-00003335": "Mehrabian’s (1972) work has been criticised though for the way the studies were conducted;", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00007-00003335-00003832": "they were pretty artificial and didn’t recreate how we really communicate.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00008-00003832-00004191": "Michael Argyle (1988) tried to improve on those studies and suggested that nonverbal", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00009-00004191-00004735": "communication was 4.3 times as powerful as verbal communication - so that’s still around", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00010-00004735-00004835": "81%.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00011-00004835-00005489": "Hsee and his colleagues suggested that nonverbal communication was also about 4 times as powerful,", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00012-00005489-00005734": "or about 80% of the message (Hsee, Hatfield & Chemtob, 1992).", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00013-00005734-00006158": "Part of the reason why these numbers might be so high is because participants are guessing", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00014-00006158-00006395": "what the experimenter wants them to do.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00015-00006395-00006742": "Trimboli and Walker (1987) showed that when you hide the true purpose of the study from", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00016-00006742-00007236": "participants, the overwhelming effect of nonverbal communication goes away.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00017-00007236-00007750": "Our best guess, according to authors such as Burgoon, Guerrero and Floyd (2016), is", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00018-00007750-00008301": "about sixty to sixty-six percent of meaning is communicated through things other than", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00019-00008301-00008434": "words.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00020-00008434-00008610": "That number is going to go up or down depending", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00021-00008610-00008763": "on the context.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00022-00008763-00009128": "If you're trying to make an assessment of someone's leadership ability, for example,", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00023-00009128-00009556": "whether someone has integrity, you tend to focus on the nonverbal, even if you're not", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00024-00009556-00009929": "really aware of doing it, and that's for a good reason.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00025-00009929-00010352": "If you hear a politician speak on an election campaign, you know that their words have been", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00026-00010352-00010488": "carefully scripted.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00027-00010488-00010728": "The words have been carefully crafted.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00028-00010728-00011150": "After a while, we start to look beyond those words, and we start to look at things that", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00029-00011150-00011442": "we presume they can't control so well.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00030-00011442-00011710": "We look at whether their eye contact looks meaningful.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00031-00011710-00011924": "We look at the way they hold the baby.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00032-00011924-00012360": "We look at whether they sweat—all these little subtle cues of whether someone's got", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00033-00012360-00012674": "integrity, they can be trusted, and we rely on them.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00034-00012674-00013204": "When the verbal and nonverbal channels are in conflict, the role or importance of nonverbals", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00035-00013204-00013325": "often tends to go up.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00036-00013325-00013552": "Person 1: “Are you mad about something?”", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00037-00013552-00013655": "Person 2: “No!", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00038-00013655-00013758": "I’m perfectly happy!”", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00039-00013758-00013920": "Person 1: “Ok, just asking.”", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00040-00013920-00014340": "Blake: The interaction that you just watched perfectly illustrates the point I'm making", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00041-00014340-00014440": "here.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00042-00014440-00014893": "Here, the second person’s verbal and nonverbal channels are totally in conflict.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00043-00014893-00015166": "Verbally, she's saying she's not angry.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00044-00015166-00015701": "Nonverbally, she's suggesting that maybe she is, but there's no doubt in your mind which", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00045-00015701-00015828": "one you trust at this point.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00046-00015828-00016029": "You know that she's angry.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00047-00016029-00016412": "Again, we have this sense that people lie through their words.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00048-00016412-00016659": "After a while, we look beyond the words.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00049-00016659-00017118": "We focus on things that we feel as though people are not as good at lying through, that", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00050-00017118-00017459": "the real juicy stuff is found in the nonverbals.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00051-00017459-00017875": "It's also probably true for humans that we sometimes let our nonverbals do the talking", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00052-00017875-00018342": "for us because we live in a fairly non-assertive, polite world.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00053-00018342-00018756": "You probably go through life without ever saying certain things that you're thinking.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00054-00018756-00019211": "You can go through life without ever saying, \"Look, you're kind of boring me now.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00055-00019211-00019898": "I want to talk to someone else,\" or \"You smell\" or \"I don't love you anymore.\"", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00056-00019898-00020337": "You might think these things but you might try not say it.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00057-00020337-00020845": "What you might do is you say nothing, but you kind of beam out these vibes through your", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00058-00020845-00021065": "nonverbals, and you hope that people get it.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00059-00021065-00021259": "That's how a lot of communication happens.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00060-00021259-00021754": "Now, it could well be that the person in the interaction you just watched wanted the other", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00061-00021754-00022226": "person to notice that she was angry, but for whatever reason she just didn't feel like", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00062-00022226-00022403": "she could say it.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00063-00022403-00023082": "If you ask somebody out on a date and they say, \"Yes, yes, that sounds good,\" but they", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00064-00023082-00023445": "sound disinterested, you're probably going to weigh that fairly heavily in working out", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00065-00023445-00023694": "whether that person is really into you or not.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00066-00023694-00023962": "Or at least you probably should.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00067-00023962-00024252": "Young children place slightly more reliance on words (Liebal, Carpenter & Tomasello, 2011).", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00068-00024252-00024492": "Babies start off pretty hopeless, right?", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00069-00024492-00024751": "If you've ever seen babies, they just don't know what they're doing.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00070-00024751-00025087": "They don't even know that these hands flying all over their face are their hands.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00071-00025087-00025322": "They have no idea.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00072-00025322-00025707": "Then within two years, they've got this precocious semi-mastery of language.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00073-00025707-00025994": "Their capacity to absorb language is phenomenal.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00074-00025994-00026491": "It takes a little bit longer to be able to understand the subtleties of their language.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00075-00026491-00026747": "That's something that adults tend to be good at.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00076-00026747-00027243": "The fact that children are a bit more literal—they focus on the words—can cause problems when", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00077-00027243-00027661": "adults are talking to them, because quite often we purposely bend the meaning of what", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00078-00027661-00028070": "we're saying through our nonverbals or through our tone.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00079-00028070-00028551": "If you think about sarcasm—what is sarcasm, when you actually break it down?", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00080-00028551-00028931": "Sarcasm is where you say something positive through the verbal channel, but through the", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00081-00028931-00029330": "nonverbal channel—through the tone—you indicate that you actually mean something", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00082-00029330-00029469": "negative.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00083-00029469-00029838": "Usually adults are pretty good at picking up on sarcasm, so long as you're not trying", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00084-00029838-00029997": "to do it over email or anything.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00085-00029997-00030428": "Interpersonally, we're pretty good, but kids, less so.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00086-00030428-00030707": "The opposite of this is good-natured teasing.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00087-00030707-00031084": "You say something negative through the verbal channel, but you actually indicate, through", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00088-00031084-00031531": "the nonverbal channel, that you're actually very affectionate towards that person.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00089-00031531-00031693": "It's a hard one to pull off.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00090-00031693-00031819": "You don't want to mess it up.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00091-00031819-00032270": "In some cultures, nicknames become more and more offensive and cruel when people like", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00092-00032270-00032443": "each other the most.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00093-00032443-00032996": "Also, we rely on verbal and nonverbal channels differently depending on what we're trying", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00094-00032996-00033216": "to get out of a situation.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00095-00033216-00033684": "In this context, where I am talking to you about academic content, you might be dimly", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00096-00033684-00034116": "aware of me waving my hands around, but you're probably not going to focus on that, that", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00097-00034116-00034243": "much.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00098-00034243-00034699": "What you're really here for is facts, and words are the best things to communicate facts.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00099-00034699-00035293": "But Riggio (1992) makes the point that in a social context, we focus more on the nonverbal.", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00100-00035293-00035645": "If what you really want to know is, \"Does this person like me?\"", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00101-00035645-00035856": "or \"Is this person bored?\"", "q8MTZCOxkuY-00102-00035856-00036238": "in this context, you're probably going to focus a lot more on the nonverbals."}}, {"audio_id": "q96h9OKw3_U", "text": {"q96h9OKw3_U-00000-00000048-00000267": "Hi, this is Kimberly at Mountain View Dodge.", "q96h9OKw3_U-00001-00000314-00000814": "Today we're going to look at this 2016 Ram 2500 Laramie.", "q96h9OKw3_U-00002-00000849-00000973": "Love the heated seats.", "q96h9OKw3_U-00003-00001045-00001172": "There's your radio.", "q96h9OKw3_U-00004-00001361-00001476": "Seat controllers.", "q96h9OKw3_U-00005-00001490-00001582": "You got your apps.", "q96h9OKw3_U-00006-00001649-00001728": "Climate.", "q96h9OKw3_U-00007-00001815-00001976": "Nav system.", "q96h9OKw3_U-00008-00002084-00002287": "If you want more information on this truck.", "q96h9OKw3_U-00009-00002309-00002405": "Give me a call.", "q96h9OKw3_U-00010-00002440-00002752": "+1 (403) 556-7332", "q96h9OKw3_U-00011-00002766-00002866": "MY NAME IS KIMBERLY."}}, {"audio_id": "q9wTgPGmzrM", "text": {"q9wTgPGmzrM-00000-00002214-00002314": "CISO Panel", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00001-00002314-00002663": "TRACY: Hello, and thank you for joining us today for this panel of esteemed chief information", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00002-00002663-00003490": "security officers in this session. Managing things and leading people in information security.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00003-00003490-00004148": "Comes from a quote from the late Grace Hopper where she simply, but eloquently said, you", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00004-00004148-00004692": "manage things. You lead people. We are here today to talk about what it takes", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00005-00004692-00005223": "to lead in good times and in bad times. As well as getting insight from our panel on", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00006-00005223-00005823": "how you can develop into a leader as well. To illustrate the point of leadership, I will", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00007-00005823-00006391": "be using quotes about this topic as a way for us to engage with this discussion. Let", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00008-00006391-00007009": "me first begin by introducing our esteemed panel of CISOs and leaders. First we have", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00009-00007009-00007509": "Ann S. Johnson, corporate Vice President of security, compliance and identity business", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00010-00007509-00007939": "development at Microsoft. Hello, Ann. ANN: Hi, thanks for having me.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00011-00007939-00008729": "TRACY: We are expecting to have Wendy Nather. Head of advisory, chief information security", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00012-00008729-00009432": "officers at Cisco. Hopefully she will be joining us. Next we have Rinki Sethi, Vice President", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00013-00009432-00009767": "and chief information security officer at Twitter. Hi, Rinki.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00014-00009767-00010367": "RINKI: Hi, Tracy, hi, everyone. TRACY: And batting clean-up for us is Lena", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00015-00010367-00010739": "Smart, chief information security officer at Mondo DB.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00016-00010739-00011325": "LENA: Hi there. TRACY: Hello, Lena. I'm your moderator, Tracy", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00017-00011325-00011927": "Maleeff, I'm a security researcher at the Krebs Stamos Group. Why don't we dig in? We", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00018-00011927-00012478": "have a lot of great questions and discussion we can have. Let's start with the first question.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00019-00012478-00013476": "John Maxwell says: A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way, and shows the way.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00020-00013476-00014122": "In the information security industry and community, a common trope is that of the quote, unquote,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00021-00014122-00014772": "non technical CISO. Now, has that gone the way of the Dodo bird? A CISO who hasn't worked", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00022-00014772-00015362": "their way up through the technical ranks? Are there viable pros and cons to having a", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00023-00015362-00016212": "technical versus a non technical CISO? First question to Ann. Would you like to field that?", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00024-00016212-00016926": "ANN: Yeah. I think that when you think about CISOs, they come from a lot of different backgrounds.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00025-00016926-00017628": "And I think there's there's benefit to understanding the technology. But the most important thing", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00026-00017628-00018114": "is understanding how the technology maps to an organization's business needs. Because", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00027-00018114-00018665": "at the end of the day, security needs to be an enabler for business, not an inhibitor.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00028-00018665-00019093": "And working side by side with the business peers, understanding their objectives, make", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00029-00019093-00019680": "sure you maintain regulatory compliance and privacy and those type was things is equally", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00030-00019680-00020152": "important to the technical aptitude. But you do need to understand the technology at a", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00031-00020152-00020717": "high level. But it the extent that it maps to the business needs, right? I don't think", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00032-00020717-00021144": "that I still meet a tremendous amount of CISOs around the globe that come from all different", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00033-00021144-00021809": "backgrounds. Some are deeply technical, business and policy side. They're all equally effect.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00034-00021809-00022458": "I don't think there's a one size fits all. But the CISOs need to communicate effectively", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00035-00022458-00022895": "with their business peers. TRACY: That's a great answer, Ann. Sending", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00036-00022895-00023608": "this over to Lena. Lena, you work for Mondo DB, talk about your thoughts with a technical", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00037-00023608-00024147": "versus non technical CISO. LENA: Most of the CISOs I have met worked", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00038-00024147-00024868": "their way up. I think what Ann says resonates deeply. It's great if you're super technical", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00039-00024868-00025386": "and you know crypto and you can decrypt 50,000 lines of code and see the bad there. But if", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00040-00025386-00025830": "you can't talk to the board and can't talk to your team and can't manage, you know, what's", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00041-00025830-00026677": "that really worth? I don't think it's going the way of the Dodo bird. But I do think that", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00042-00026677-00027252": "we're seeing I'm definitely seeing more CISOs who have got that kind of hybrid, the technical", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00043-00027252-00027730": "up to a point. They can earn the respect of their peers and their team. But they can also", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00044-00027730-00028251": "dazzle the board. And they have enough business acumen to get the job done and communicate", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00045-00028251-00028650": "clearly as to what they want done and why they need budget.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00046-00028650-00029127": "TRACY: Wonderful, thank you. You know, I realized we never agreed upon a correct pronunciation", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00047-00029127-00029986": "of CISO. You're going to hear different pronunciations. Rinki, bring us home?", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00048-00029986-00030945": "RINKI: I like my peers here, described it perfectly. But I do think it depends on the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00049-00030945-00031496": "company and it depends on the role. And the CISO role still has so many definitions to", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00050-00031496-00031970": "it. Many times a startup company, you'll see a CISO as one person and they're expected", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00051-00031970-00032541": "to be highly technical. They're architecting solutions. They're deeply embedded with engineering.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00052-00032541-00032941": "And you look at larger companies or banks where the CISO is more risk focused, has to", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00053-00032941-00033546": "understand the business. And so, you see kind of a range of CISOs out there. I do think", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00054-00033546-00034088": "the most important thing technical or non technical, and I think both make really good", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00055-00034088-00034566": "CISOs, is that the ability to learn quickly, understand the business needs, as Ann said.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00056-00034566-00035109": "And then be able to translate like very I mean, some of the biggest challenges we deal", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00057-00035109-00035664": "with are in the information security space. And to then take these complex issues, translate", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00058-00035664-00036265": "them into business requirements and have your, you know, all the stakeholders in the company", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00059-00036265-00036858": "understand risk at a level that they're then able to make really good decisions to accelerate", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00060-00036858-00037200": "the business. And I think that's what it's all about at the end of the day.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00061-00037200-00037671": "TRACY: Fantastic. All great answers. Remember a couple years ago everybody was up in arms", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00062-00037671-00038362": "that there was a music major who was a CISO for Experian, I can't wait for a couple years,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00063-00038362-00039345": "that a library science like myself is in charge. Those are great answers. Moving on to question", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00064-00039345-00040207": "two, according to Publilius Syrus, anyone can hold the helm when the sea is calm. Within", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00065-00040207-00040934": "the boundaries of what you're permitted to discuss, can you speak to a time or time when", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00066-00040934-00041475": "is you were in charge when something went terribly wrong? What leadership tactics did", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00067-00041475-00042170": "you employ? How do you best manage and organize the human factor, the people, while in the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00068-00042170-00042744": "white hot heat of a security incident? And this might be unfair, but I'm sorry, Rinki.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00069-00042744-00043170": "I'm going to go to you first. Since some if you're allowed to.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00070-00043170-00043612": "RINKI: Yeah. I mean, as soon as you say that, so many incidents pop up in my head. And like", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00071-00043612-00044157": "my heart starts beating really fast and I remember how I felt. And I remember the first", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00072-00044157-00044801": "thing I've done is taken a deep breath to really like calm down my heart rate. Because", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00073-00044801-00045364": "the last thing you want to do as a leader is start running with your head cut off and,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00074-00045364-00045776": "you know, freaking everybody out. It's all about maintaining calm, understanding the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00075-00045776-00046303": "facts, what's going on. Being able to communicate with the executive and executive team. And", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00076-00046303-00046725": "then setting boundaries. So, the team can go and investigate, contain. And so, I think", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00077-00046725-00047133": "those are the most important things is staying calm. Ensuring, prior to an incident, that", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00078-00047133-00047609": "you've had hopefully have a crisis management plan in place so you have the buy in that", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00079-00047609-00048166": "you need. And then I remember working on an incident in one of my prior companies that", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00080-00048166-00048808": "lasted, gosh, I think it was very heated for almost 3 or 4 weeks. And teams were working", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00081-00048808-00049259": "around the clock. And, you know, at that point, I don't know", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00082-00049259-00049781": "what that I was wearing, whether it was a mom hat. Taking orders for food. Whatever", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00083-00049781-00050290": "the team needed. But I was in there with them, in the room every single day. Any time there", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00084-00050290-00050845": "was a body in there, I was there with them. And I think showing that in the deep care", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00085-00050845-00051390": "that you have for the team, taking care of them. Make sure that they have what they need.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00086-00051390-00051816": "And that their mental state is good. Because their they, you know, incident responders,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00087-00051816-00052211": "they're in the trenches. And they want to do everything to make sure that the company", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00088-00052211-00052639": "comes out of this in a good position. And they will not sleep or eat or do anything", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00089-00052639-00053127": "that they need to do. And so, I think watching out for them in that way is very, very important", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00090-00053127-00053735": "as well. So, yeah. Staying calm, taking care of the team. Keeping your executives updated.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00091-00053735-00054222": "But making sure that the team is able to then go and do their work in a healthy way.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00092-00054222-00054592": "TRACY: And I'm not sure if this is a fair question or not. But I'm just curious, because", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00093-00054592-00055367": "it's Twitter, do you feel extra pressure when there's an incident? Or does it feel any more", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00094-00055367-00055733": "I don't know if you can compare it to a past experience. And not that any company's not", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00095-00055733-00056209": "significant. But I'm just curious, because it's Twitter, does that feel even more crushing?", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00096-00056209-00057074": "RINKI: Hey, Wendy! Glad you were able to make it. Yeah, I think at Twitter one of the things", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00097-00057074-00057616": "is that an incident is the one big difference I've seen, and I'll talk about a few nuances.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00098-00057616-00057961": "But the one big difference I've seen is that when there's an incident, there's a lot more", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00099-00057961-00058439": "people involved. Because the incidents, they're not just they're never just a security incident.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00100-00058439-00058908": "There's so much more to it. And everything that happens on Twitter is talked about on", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00101-00058908-00059426": "Twitter. And so, it's already public generally. There's that aspect of it. You're caring for", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00102-00059426-00059790": "a larger group of people. You're managing a larger group of people. That's lot more", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00103-00059790-00060342": "noise. The chaos you see on Twitter is a lot of times internally at Twitter as well. That's", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00104-00060342-00061235": "how we operate. It's a lot harder to manage. COVID made it easier for teams to collaborate", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00105-00061235-00061973": "and have a level playing field, but made it harder to check in with folks. Or if I need", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00106-00061973-00062341": "information if folks are in a war room and they're in the heat of it. You can't walk", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00107-00062341-00063054": "up to them, you're waiting to respond to Slack messages. Checking in is much bigger of an", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00108-00063054-00063498": "effort because you have to go spend time with the individual. You are not observing your", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00109-00063498-00064096": "team and how they might be feeling or doing. That made it a lot harder. I don't think that's", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00110-00064096-00064550": "Twitter specific. I just happened to move to Twitter during the COVID situation. Those", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00111-00064550-00064791": "are kind of the nuances that I've observed here.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00112-00064791-00065202": "TRACY: Sure. Thank you familiar perspective. That's great. Ann, is there anything you're", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00113-00065202-00065838": "able to share with the question? ANN: What I will share is the RSA breach.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00114-00065838-00066574": "Which was 10 years ago. I was there. Here's what I would say. And Rinki said it. Have", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00115-00066574-00067209": "a plan. Have a breach recovery plan that you've tested, you've communicated. Everyone knows", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00116-00067209-00067897": "what the plan is. Stay calm. Work the plan. Rely on your instincts. Check in with the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00117-00067897-00068511": "team. Keep the executives up to date. And as Rinki said, when you're doing an event,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00118-00068511-00069035": "it's more than just technical, right? You have legal concerns. You have public relations", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00119-00069035-00069492": "concerns. You have board concerns. You may have regulatory concerns. All of that needs", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00120-00069492-00069888": "to be in the plan. So, when you do hit this crisis, you're not in crisis mode. You're", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00121-00069888-00070190": "just working the plan that you've already developed and tested. But the most important", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00122-00070190-00070642": "thing you can do as a leader is show confidence. Even if you have to fake it, right? Show confidence.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00123-00070642-00071153": "Be calm. Be there leading from the front for your team. And just follow your instincts", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00124-00071153-00071745": "you've got this. You know the plan. You're a hyper intelligent person who has worked", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00125-00071745-00072296": "through these types of things. And you have to trust that you can lead your team through", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00126-00072296-00073077": "this event even if you're I say, schedule my breakdown for when this is over. Put that", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00127-00073077-00073471": "on the schedule for later. We just need to get through this right now. That's what I", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00128-00073471-00073660": "would say. TRACY: Wonderful. Thank you. And Lena, why", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00129-00073660-00074681": "don't you bring this home for Q2 and any bright spotlights you have been under and at the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00130-00074681-00075005": "helm? LENA: I can't talk about specific incidents.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00131-00075005-00075536": "But what I try to think of, I'm the captain of the plane that's 30,000 feet above the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00132-00075536-00076098": "Atlantic Ocean and the engines have just cut. And you just have to be, as everyone has said,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00133-00076098-00076651": "just remain as calm as possible. When we do tabletop exercises, we make it clear that", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00134-00076651-00077147": "it's a safe space. You can shout and scream and vent and blame people all you like. As", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00135-00077147-00077609": "long as at the end of it we work out, this is your role. This is what will happen if", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00136-00077609-00078157": "the inevitable hits the fan. And they've got it kind of out of their system, hopefully.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00137-00078157-00078676": "We have gone through the worst thing that can possibly happen. So, hopefully, when something", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00138-00078676-00079058": "does hit the fan, it's not that bad and you know how to deal with it. There's a playbook", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00139-00079058-00079487": "for it. Look here, that's where you'll find what to do next.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00140-00079487-00079992": "TRACY: Fantastic. And I would like to give a welcome to Wendy Nather. Hi.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00141-00079992-00080916": "WENDY: Thanks, everybody. I'm that CISO who shows up late to meetings and apologizes and", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00142-00080916-00081393": "dashes out in the middle of the meeting because there's something else on fire.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00143-00081393-00081825": "TRACY: Wonderful. You're just in time for question three. I'm going to have you take", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00144-00081825-00082446": "that first. Let me read it for everyone. Question three, staying with the idea of things going", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00145-00082446-00083185": "wrong, Maile Carnegie said the only real negative that can happen when you fail is that haven't", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00146-00083185-00083829": "learnt from it. Can you share examples of lessons that you have learned along the way", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00147-00083829-00084269": "in your career progression and how has that shaped you as a leader?", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00148-00084269-00085315": "WENDY: Oh, boy. I'm going to argue with this saying right here. Depending on what environment", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00149-00085315-00085943": "you're in, if you're an underrepresented person, people are waiting for you fail. And they", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00150-00085943-00086682": "are waiting for you, to point it out. And unfortunately, we have part of the culture", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00151-00086682-00087299": "of InfoSec as an industry is there are people who specialize in going, ooo... you missed", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00152-00087299-00088013": "a spot. How could you let that happen? I can't believe you didn't XYZ. And those are usually", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00153-00088013-00088550": "the people who have never sat in this seat and don't understand how these sorts of things", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00154-00088550-00088943": "happen. So, there are lots of negatives that can happen when you fail.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00155-00088943-00089660": "I find that the biggest failures that I regret the most and have tried to learn from the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00156-00089660-00090346": "most were in handling people. Sure, there are lots of technical mistakes that you can", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00157-00090346-00090913": "make. There are things that you don't have in place. Or you chose to prioritize things", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00158-00090913-00091325": "in the wrong order and everything. But when you're dealing with somebody's life and their", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00159-00091325-00091900": "livelihood, I find that that is just, you know, the most important thing as a leader.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00160-00091900-00092755": "So, I try, as I get older, not to sweat the technical stuff. And to some extent the political", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00161-00092755-00093405": "stuff. But I do care very much about my people. And I keep trying to learn how to do better", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00162-00093405-00093833": "in, you know, being a good co worker and supporter to them.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00163-00093833-00094188": "TRACY: That's a great answer. Thank you. And yes, all of our panelists, please feel free", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00164-00094188-00095015": "to dispute the quote. Too. It was just meant as a discussion point. So, let's go over to", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00165-00095015-00095521": "Rinki. Rinki, what have you learned? What's some things you have learned about being in", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00166-00095521-00095938": "a leadership role? RINKI: Oh, my gosh. I'm learning all the time.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00167-00095938-00096456": "And failing all the time and learning from my mistakes. The one that sticks out to me", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00168-00096456-00096982": "that was a really early lesson, but I'm glad that it happened, was when I was at eBay.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00169-00096982-00097437": "And this was a long time back. But it was at a time where spear fishing was at a rise", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00170-00097437-00098356": "and eBay was seeing kind of the first early attacks around spearfishing in the E retail", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00171-00098356-00098798": "space. They wanted to be really bold and try something new called phishing testing. Which", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00172-00098798-00099483": "is a very regular thing. But back then, it was unheard of. Banks were doing it, that", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00173-00099483-00100089": "was about it. So, it was early for the e commerce site. I ran a small pilot with maybe about,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00174-00100089-00100663": "gosh, 10 people from the security team. I informed many people we were going to do this", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00175-00100663-00101402": "pilot. It wasn't anything offensive. But someone was having a bad day, clicked on the link.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00176-00101402-00101934": "Got a training message that, hey, this was a phishing link. This is what you shouldn't", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00177-00101934-00102527": "do. And what you should be aware of. They reported it to the head of HR. And one of", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00178-00102527-00103074": "eBay's values at the time was assume people are basically good or something like that.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00179-00103074-00103593": "And I got lectured that if you ever do this again, you will be fired. You will not have", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00180-00103593-00104104": "a job at this company. This was unacceptable. This was assuming that people aren't good,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00181-00104104-00104577": "or people don't know what they're doing. And so, my lesson learned there, I've rolled", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00182-00104577-00105065": "out phishing testing again and again after that. But my big lesson learned was as a security", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00183-00105065-00105603": "person, you have to communicate really, really well. Let people know what's going on. I also", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00184-00105603-00106033": "learned on the phishing testing front that people might be having a bad day and you have", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00185-00106033-00106527": "to make the messages kind of fun. You have to warn people this is coming. You can't just", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00186-00106527-00107053": "have it come out in secret. That communication learning for me is something that stuck with", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00187-00107053-00107593": "me. I've leaned on the side of overcommunicating. And actually that skill is very useful as", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00188-00107593-00108222": "a CISO. We're constantly communicating and educating. And along the way, I think that", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00189-00108222-00108617": "was the biggest one that always stuck with me. Have I communicated with everybody that", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00190-00108617-00109057": "needs to know? It's a huge lesson learned. But something that still sticks with me today.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00191-00109057-00109459": "TRACY: That is an incredible lesson learned. Thank you for sharing that with us. Let's", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00192-00109459-00110051": "do over to Lena. Lena, what's something that you learned? How did it shape you as a leader?", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00193-00110051-00110692": "LENA: So, I quite enjoyed this question. Although I did get really bad flashbacks to what had", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00194-00110692-00111713": "happened. So, many years ago I got thrown out of the guides, it's like scouts for girls.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00195-00111713-00112252": "TRACY: Girl scouts, yeah. LENA: The reward of getting thrown out of", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00196-00112252-00112704": "them for fighting. But that's totally for another day. But they did teach me to be prepared.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00197-00112704-00113278": "That was one of the things. Was be prepared. And so, obviously, I didn't learn very much", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00198-00113278-00113975": "from that. There was very early in my career, maybe 20 or 21. I was asked to do a presentation", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00199-00113975-00114385": "to a customer. What is a computer? This is when people were just replacing typewriters", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00200-00114385-00114811": "with computers. And I just thought I knew everything. I thought I was the big I am.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00201-00114811-00115566": "I had a computer at home I saved up for 4 year to buy. I was an expert. I wasn't. So,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00202-00115566-00115979": "I didn't even bother to prepare anything. Oh, I'll just go and talk to these people.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00203-00115979-00116327": "And the majority of the time, they were glad to be at the office, getting free food and", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00204-00116327-00116858": "a cup of tea. But there was one guy who thought he knew everything, and he proceeded to make", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00205-00116858-00117527": "my life miserable for the longest 60 minutes of my life. And then he wrote a horrible letter", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00206-00117527-00118022": "to my boss saying she doesn't know anything. We're not paying for this, this was awful.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00207-00118022-00118505": "The cake and the tea was lovely. But she was terrible. And my boss took me into a room.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00208-00118505-00119063": "I was just crying, almost hysterical at this point. He didn't fire me. I wasn't going to", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00209-00119063-00119449": "get fired from it. But it seared into my brain. I can feel the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00210-00119449-00120194": "shame of that day. Looking back, it was a tiny thing. I was 21, I thought I knew everything.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00211-00120194-00120810": "I was his top performer, and I got my legs shot from under me that day. Now I'm super", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00212-00120810-00121630": "prepared. I've got like 5 pages of notes just for this just so I can answer every question", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00213-00121630-00122292": "12 different ways. Because it's also respectful, you know? But that was just a huge that was", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00214-00122292-00122718": "a huge learning curve for me was like, you don't know everything, and you do actually", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00215-00122718-00123136": "have to put time into this if you want to be taken seriously. That was my response.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00216-00123136-00123674": "TRACY: Oh, wow. I would like to add a note to the Diana Initiative organizers to please", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00217-00123674-00124204": "book Lena as keynote next year, getting kicked out of the Girl Guides.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00218-00124204-00124859": "LENA: I probably should have gone to prison for it. Nobody died.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00219-00124859-00125754": "TRACY: I think there's something about being a Scottish CISO. There's lessons to be learned.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00220-00125754-00126400": "LENA: I can tell you a lot of stories when I worked in a shipyard.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00221-00126400-00126909": "TRACY: You need to keynote, and we can talk with you. Ann, what youth groups did you almost", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00222-00126909-00127417": "get kicked out of? ANN: You know, my mother wouldn't let me join", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00223-00127417-00128358": "the Girl Scouts, but that's a whole 'nother story. Here's something that I carry with", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00224-00128358-00128893": "me today, that's why I'm going to go back. My mind is always racing and there's always", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00225-00128893-00129407": "something going on. At times, I have difficulty staying present. To Lena's point, that's a", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00226-00129407-00130127": "sign of respect. You're meeting with people, you need to be engaged and actively participating", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00227-00130127-00130532": "and not just checking the box that you did it. And I remember the first time this happened", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00228-00130532-00131122": "to me. I was in my early 20s also and I had a customer meeting. And they had I was living", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00229-00131122-00131617": "in Southern California in the foothills, and they had announced there was a fire. And that", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00230-00131617-00132050": "was in, you know, in the foothills. And I didn't know, you know, back then we didn't", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00231-00132050-00132434": "have social media. I couldn't go there was no instantaneously checking, right? I'm listening", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00232-00132434-00132890": "to the radio as I'm driving to this meeting thinking, okay, my dogs are home. My partner", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00233-00132890-00133517": "is pretty far away. I'm closer. But I still went to the meeting, but my mind", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00234-00133517-00133926": "I wasn't there, right? I wasn't mentally there. How long is it gonna take me to get home?", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00235-00133926-00134592": "Make sure the dogs are okay. This fire is close. To Lena's point, the woman I met with,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00236-00134592-00135314": "this buyer, look, I don't know what this woman was doing, she told my boss. She wasn't here.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00237-00135314-00136119": "It was one of the worst meetings of my life. In reality, I should have canceled the meeting", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00238-00136119-00136516": "or rescheduled it. It was a situation where I wasn't going to be present. But it's also", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00239-00136516-00137042": "something I still have to remember today to give what I'm doing the full time and attention.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00240-00137042-00137697": "My team will joke. They'll say the joke is squirrel, we lost her. A squirrel flew by", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00241-00137697-00138331": "the window, and I really try to minimize those moments because it's disrespectful to other", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00242-00138331-00138822": "people to not be present when they're spending a lot of time and effort, right? To prepare", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00243-00138822-00139329": "for a meeting and you're just mentally not there. So, it's something that I continually", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00244-00139329-00139607": "learn. TRACY: That's a really great point that I", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00245-00139607-00140221": "wasn't even expecting to come out of this answer. So, thank you, Lena and Ann for that.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00246-00140221-00140627": "That's really great. All right. For those of you playing the home game, we're moving", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00247-00140627-00141139": "on to question four. So, question four. Too many people have been", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00248-00141139-00141679": "attributed to the statement about talking to the C Suite. That statement that goes,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00249-00141679-00142232": "be brief, be bold and be gone. You may have heard it as be brief, be brilliant and be", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00250-00142232-00142976": "gone. As CISOs, can you explain from your point of view how you wish people communicated", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00251-00142976-00143610": "with you? Or share some strategies of how to best make an impact and be heard up the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00252-00143610-00144132": "chain of command? What guidance or advice would you give folks trying to communicate", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00253-00144132-00144638": "to skip levels? And why don't we kick that off with Wendy?", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00254-00144638-00145387": "WENDY: I was gonna suggest, you know, like hand puppets. Or, you know, anything that", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00255-00145387-00146362": "gets peoples' attention. Yeah. I think the best thing that has worked for me is and it", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00256-00146362-00147008": "sounds cliche but really trying to find out in advance what it is they want to know. And", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00257-00147008-00147595": "especially if it comes down to risk discussions. I find that the biggest gap between the CISO", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00258-00147595-00148348": "and the C Suite is the agreement on how probable a given risk is for happening. They might", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00259-00148348-00148855": "say, yes, you're right. The impact, we agree on, you know, if this happens, we'll lose", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00260-00148855-00149502": "$11 billion in Federal funding. But we don't think that's gonna happen. So, trying to have", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00261-00149502-00150307": "that discussion with them about how, you know, how likely do you think it is? And walking", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00262-00150307-00150893": "through it with them in their language, you know, if they give you the answer, they're", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00263-00150893-00151381": "more likely to believe in it than if you give them the answer. So, I find that, you know,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00264-00151381-00151977": "the top level of the fair model, for example, is great for just throwing up one slide and", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00265-00151977-00152363": "going, okay. Let's talk this through. How many Mitnicks do you think it would take", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00266-00152363-00153224": "to break into this? You think five, I think two. Okay. Let's do this. So, it really is", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00267-00153224-00153942": "important to be able to give them the information that they want. Not necessarily the things", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00268-00153942-00154495": "that are interesting to you. And you always have to remember that you are just a very", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00269-00154495-00155026": "small part of the things that they're concerned with all the time. Whether it's right or it's", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00270-00155026-00155617": "wrong. You know, security is not the main thing in their life. You know? If you are", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00271-00155617-00156002": "a fire fighter and you're running around putting out fires all day, you feel line the whole", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00272-00156002-00156691": "world is on fire. The rest of the people, not so much. So, that's that's all the wisdom", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00273-00156691-00157264": "I have for this, really. Other than hand puppets. TRACY: Well, that alone is worth the price", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00274-00157264-00157837": "of admission. So, yes, thank you. Ann, why don't you talk to us about some communication", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00275-00157837-00158363": "strategies. How do people at Microsoft communicate with upper levels? Or if you don't want to", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00276-00158363-00158713": "use that as an example. ANN: I can use that as an example. The most", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00277-00158713-00159150": "important thing is know your audience. Every company culture is different and every person", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00278-00159150-00159647": "you're communicating with is actually different. And at Microsoft, you know, it may shock you,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00279-00159647-00160153": "that as the creators of Excel, we can find a data point for everything. So, Microsoft", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00280-00160153-00160692": "is extremely data driven. That's not a pejorative statement. It is what it is. So, depend on", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00281-00160692-00161153": "who at Microsoft you're meeting with, you might need to go with the dense deck of data", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00282-00161153-00161777": "to deliver your point. However, I'm a big believer in be brief, be brilliant and be", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00283-00161777-00162230": "gone. Just so you know. And no matter who you're communicating with, don't bury the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00284-00162230-00163025": "lede. You need to story tell. Even if you're going to have a lot of data. What story is", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00285-00163025-00163483": "that data telling you? I always say, what are the three things you want the audience", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00286-00163483-00163976": "to leave the meeting with? Three things. And that's what I say to my team. Whether it's", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00287-00163976-00164385": "a written document, a PowerPoint or an oral presentation, what are the three things you", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00288-00164385-00164819": "want the audience to leave with? And you need to know that yourself, by the way. Sometimes", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00289-00164819-00165320": "we get so deep in the data, or like Wendy said, firefighting, that we forget. We're", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00290-00165320-00165814": "not focusing on what's important. So, if you can focus on three things. Start every conversation", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00291-00165814-00166207": "with that in mind. If it's a really data driven organization, make sure your data supports", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00292-00166207-00166774": "those three things and then get those outcomes. That's how I drive every meeting at every", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00293-00166774-00167259": "level. It helps an executive, super busy, focused on a million things. If they know", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00294-00167259-00167771": "exactly what your expects are coming out of the meeting. Here's what I want to get from", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00295-00167771-00168492": "this meeting. As I said, don't bury the lede, start there. I typically start a meeting,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00296-00168492-00168970": "this is because I did spend a lot of years in sales, as many of you know. Here are the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00297-00168970-00169431": "objectives of the meeting. Are you aligned to these objectives? Let's start there. And", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00298-00169431-00169710": "then that sets the table. And it doesn't matter who you're meeting it.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00299-00169710-00170127": "it's a really effective strategy. TRACY: That's fantastic. So, just kind of", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00300-00170127-00170746": "in summary, I guess you're also kind of talking about that bluff, b l u f, bottom line upfront,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00301-00170746-00171398": "or the inverted pyramid for the audience, stacking the details up front.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00302-00171398-00171847": "ANN: Anything who knows me, if you're not going to walk into a room that way, you're", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00303-00171847-00172419": "not going to have a long meeting either. That's how you communicate with me. Some people have", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00304-00172419-00172658": "more patience. But it is a bottom lines up front.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00305-00172658-00173521": "TRACY: And to borrow the idea of hand puppets, I think Clippy should be running the meetings.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00306-00173521-00173875": "See what you can do. ANN: The Chippy emoji is back.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00307-00173875-00174320": "TRACY: I know! I'm excited. ANN: 20,000 likes. We got over a couple hundred", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00308-00174320-00174664": "thousand. The emoji is back at least. We love Clippy.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00309-00174664-00176059": "TRACY: I love Clippy. And to the birds, the Twitter bird is named Larry after Larry Byrd.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00310-00176059-00176648": "But I digress, Rinki, what can you talk about communication and how you like to be pitched", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00311-00176648-00177080": "with or how people can better communicate with upper levels?", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00312-00177080-00177824": "RINKI: Yeah, you know, when I think about this, I folks, the time is just so limited.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00313-00177824-00178430": "And I think the quicker I love conversations where they're very direct. And folks come", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00314-00178430-00178896": "clear with what their ask up front. Here's what I need from the meeting. That's what", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00315-00178896-00179738": "Wendy and Ann alluded to. And especially a lot of times as a CISO, you hear about problems", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00316-00179738-00180275": "and issues the company. And I want I want people to come not just with the problem,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00317-00180275-00180748": "but a proposed solution and what we can do about it. And so, I think those are really", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00318-00180748-00181245": "important things. I also get, you know, and I'm sure everybody here, we get pinged about", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00319-00181245-00181817": "mentorship or coaching. And people will just come and say, hey, I want to I want to have", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00320-00181817-00182184": "a conversation with these skip level. I want you to be my mentor. But then there's no details", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00321-00182184-00182728": "on what they're looking for from a mentor, how they want to be mentored, how they want", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00322-00182728-00183224": "to be coached, what training they're looking for. I think being direct, coming in with", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00323-00183224-00183697": "a clearer ask. Here's the problems I'm dealing with, here's how I think I'm going to solve", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00324-00183697-00184367": "them. Do you have advice? Whether it's a security issue, whether it's a mentoring thing, I think", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00325-00184367-00184870": "those are really important things. Just because otherwise it's a lot of times you sit in a", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00326-00184870-00185286": "meeting and 20, 30 minutes later, you're still wondering what that meeting was about.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00327-00185286-00185878": "TRACY: So, you brought up something that is a really good point and I'm gonna pivot off", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00328-00185878-00186679": "it for a second. So, if you have someone who is maybe perhaps on the spectrum. Because", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00329-00186679-00187186": "you said about being direct. Do you have any tips or does anyone on the panel have any", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00330-00187186-00187691": "tips for folks in that situation who, you know, they want to be direct, but they also", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00331-00187691-00188175": "don't they don't to want to come off as rude? Like are there any skills you can put into", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00332-00188175-00188683": "place that to make sure that you're being direct, but not rude? Do you understand what", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00333-00188683-00189196": "I'm asking? Honestly, that probably can go for everybody. You know whether or not if", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00334-00189196-00189711": "you're of your brain type. But I'm just curious, since Rinki brought up being direct. Does", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00335-00189711-00190287": "anybody have any thoughts on that? ANN: I'm going take it from somebody taking", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00336-00190287-00190771": "the meeting, not necessarily from somebody in the meeting. One thing I try to do is take", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00337-00190771-00191371": "people off the defensive as much as possible. So, I don't sit behind my desk. I sit with", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00338-00191371-00191880": "them at the conference table, next to them. And those types of things. And I think that", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00339-00191880-00192309": "when especially when you have folks who maybe are on the spectrum, right? Who are super", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00340-00192309-00192655": "talented folks? But you want them to feel like they can communicate with them, you need", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00341-00192655-00193053": "to do everything you can to make the environment as comfortable as possible and to be as open", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00342-00193053-00193652": "as possible. And that's when you truly have to, you know, make sure you are listening,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00343-00193652-00194053": "and you are understanding. And you also need to make sure your head isn't in the space", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00344-00194053-00194666": "of, everyone needs to show up to you the same way, right? Because we talk about bringing", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00345-00194666-00195238": "your authentic or whole self to work. As a leader you need to respect that. But I try", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00346-00195238-00195785": "to create an environment where people are not intimidated. I try to do that in interviews", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00347-00195785-00196255": "and meet people where they're at. And we have better dialogues.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00348-00196255-00196972": "TRACY: Thank you, John Budgick, neurodivergent wasn't one of the words I was thinking of", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00349-00196972-00197739": "on the fly. That's what I was trying to get to, thank you, John. And Charlotte Blackmer", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00350-00197739-00198705": "is sometimes read from women is direct is read as rude. I wanted to share her comment", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00351-00198705-00199437": "there. WENDY: If I could make a comment. I'm neurodivergent", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00352-00199437-00200061": "myself and I have lots of family and loved ones who are neurodivergent. I want to make", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00353-00200061-00201038": "sure people who are understand that it's not necessarily a case that people who are neurodivergent", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00354-00201038-00201712": "can accidently say something rude and not know that they're being rude. People they", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00355-00201712-00202416": "can tell when people are upset. You know? They they can't necessarily backtrack and", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00356-00202416-00202894": "reverse engineer why they're upset. But they can tell that something landed badly. They're", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00357-00202894-00203517": "not sure why. And so, it's always helpful if you're neurodivergent yourself to say,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00358-00203517-00203955": "you know, this is important for me to say. And I'm I'm hoping I'm gonna say it the right", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00359-00203955-00204532": "way. And, you know, go ahead and say that out. But just be a little more explicit about,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00360-00204532-00205266": "was that a joke that you just made? Or, you know, let me see if I understand this, you", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00361-00205266-00205892": "know, were you serious when you said this? And there is nothing wrong, as a neurotypical", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00362-00205892-00206431": "person, by being that explicit and that verbose and asking, you know, I just want to make", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00363-00206431-00206648": "sure I understand whether this was a joke or not.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00364-00206648-00207175": "TRACY: Got it. Thank you. Thank you for explaining that. I apologize I couldn't think that have", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00365-00207175-00207601": "correct term. But everybody got what I was I was getting at. Because I felt like we definitely", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00366-00207601-00208306": "should mention that. And Lena, I didn't forget about you. So, I was gonna preface this by", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00367-00208306-00208978": "saying, I don't know if people realize this. But the Scot's have a very direct way of speaking.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00368-00208978-00209503": "I think that's an understatement, maybe? One of my favorite Scottish expressions is you'll", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00369-00209503-00209902": "have had your tea. So, if you invite someone over to your house, meaning you'll have your", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00370-00209902-00210751": "tea, don't come expecting food or drink. LENA: Don't try to mooch off me.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00371-00210751-00211575": "TRACY: Exactly. Given you're different, considering this panel perspective on communication, can", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00372-00211575-00212242": "you share with us, you know, what what some tips are for communication and directness", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00373-00212242-00212603": "and things like that? LENA: It's funny you mention the Scottish", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00374-00212603-00213182": "thing. We are kind of we are blunt. It gets to the point, and you get more time to have", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00375-00213182-00213906": "fun. So, some of the some of the feedback I got since I moved to America was, be aware", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00376-00213906-00214310": "that the person, especially for step down, be aware that the person is absolutely terrified", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00377-00214310-00215077": "to talk to you. They've never met a C Suite in their life. And the conversation will likely", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00378-00215077-00215494": "be the topic of their discussion with their family and friends for a while to come. Even", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00379-00215494-00216094": "if it's the most bland, boring discussion that you've had for that day. I've found that", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00380-00216094-00216579": "I have to be very careful with my words. Everything I say is going to be pulled apart and interpreted", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00381-00216579-00217233": "in a myriad ways. And I'm sure we've all done this, kind of off the cuff, it would be nice", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00382-00217233-00217817": "to see a chart that did blah di blah. 7 minutes later the chart is there, and they dropped", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00383-00217817-00218281": "everything else. And the boss is asking why did you ask them to do this chart? I didn't.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00384-00218281-00218967": "I thought it was a good idea. That's one thing I've learned. Be really careful with my words.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00385-00218967-00219592": "And in terms of communicating up, I like to be concise, honest and present. I'm sure we've", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00386-00219592-00220098": "all been in meetings where you know somebody is making stuff up and it's embarrassing.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00387-00220098-00220907": "And you just want to say, just shush. It's like done a fash, just stop. So, sometimes", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00388-00220907-00221481": "I just say things in Scottish. They're like, okay. That sounds like I should shut up. Yeah.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00389-00221481-00222065": "Just be honest. If you don't know the answer, just say, I'll get back to you. And then you", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00390-00222065-00222479": "get back to them. Because we can tell in a heartbeat if you're making stuff up. We have", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00391-00222479-00223017": "the BS meters running at high. WENDY: I love that. And what we should make", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00392-00223017-00223616": "sure that everyone remembers is that people whose native language are not English are", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00393-00223616-00224522": "going to come across as blunter because their vocabulary isn't quite as extensive. So, yeah.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00394-00224522-00225109": "Especially with my German buddies. If they're if we're exchanging email in English, it's", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00395-00225109-00225535": "going to come across as really blunt. But if you talk with them in person and just kind", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00396-00225535-00226146": "of hang out for a while, you realize that it's a speaking style that comes from, you", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00397-00226146-00226739": "know, dealing with a second language. And we all have to respect the heck out of that.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00398-00226739-00227182": "TRACY: Absolutely. Fantastic point. Thank you, Wendy, for mentioning that. And I apologize,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00399-00227182-00227769": "Rinki, did I get to you for this question? We did, right? Okay. Sorry. I have my little", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00400-00227769-00228323": "system and it's already falling the wheels are coming off. Trying to multitask here.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00401-00228323-00229032": "Let's move on to question five here. Question five. Rosalynn Carter, the wife of former", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00402-00229032-00229615": "President Jimmy Carter says a leader takes people where they want to go. A great leader", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00403-00229615-00230252": "takes people where they don't necessarily want to go, but ought to be. So, let's talk", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00404-00230252-00230850": "for a few minutes about exerting influence, setting good examples and being role models", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00405-00230850-00231421": "as CISOs. What techniques do you employ for getting your human assets to be on board with", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00406-00231421-00232013": "a security program? Or even their own professional development? Now, whether it's convincing", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00407-00232013-00232679": "a fellow C Suite member or frontline end user, panel, what thoughts or examples of persuasion", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00408-00232679-00233285": "do you utilize to get the message of security across? And I want to go to Lena because I'm", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00409-00233285-00233823": "hoping there's a headbutt involved. LENA: Yes, also known as a Glasgow kiss.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00410-00233823-00234263": "TRACY: Exactly. LENA: Yeah. I always find that honesty is", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00411-00234263-00234884": "best. I'm not very good at lying. I would be a terrible poker player. My face goes bright", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00412-00234884-00235428": "red. Also telling people the possible outcome it is they don't do something can be very", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00413-00235428-00235979": "powerful, you know? And there has to be a personal responsibility and accountability", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00414-00235979-00236544": "are also very important to me. And I know it's trite, but you have to lead by example.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00415-00236544-00236914": "If you're underhand and always trying to stab people in the back and people know that about", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00416-00236914-00237773": "you, you're not gonna last very long. To Wendy's point, even if you're blunt, people will just", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00417-00237773-00238282": "listen to you. Or maybe they're just terrified of me, I really don't know.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00418-00238282-00238819": "TRACY: Got it. Rinki, I want to go to you. Because as you already know, one of my former", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00419-00238819-00239398": "coworkers told me how much she looks up to you, admires you. The exact quote is immaterial", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00420-00239398-00240255": "to be Rinki Sethi from I grow up. Since you have that fan base, how do you feel about,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00421-00240255-00240780": "you know, being a role model and what, you know, what actions do you take for leadership?", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00422-00240780-00241323": "RINKI: Yeah. I had to take that screenshot and then text it to my daughter to be like,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00423-00241323-00242107": "see? Someone thinks I'm cool. Because she definitely doesn't. No. You know, leader I", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00424-00242107-00242752": "feel like leadership is more of an art than a science. And it's all about people, understanding", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00425-00242752-00243327": "people. Every person is different. And one of the things that I've learned is and I've", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00426-00243327-00243786": "learned from many of the women that are on this panel, actually is you have to bring", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00427-00243786-00244311": "your whole self and your authentic self. And that includes sharing with people your vulnerabilities.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00428-00244311-00244982": "Sharing with people who you are. And we saw Wendy just do that a few minutes ago. And", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00429-00244982-00245392": "it makes people open up to you. And when you have that personal connection. It's hard to", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00430-00245392-00245907": "influence or set strategy and get people on board if they don't trust you.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00431-00245907-00246470": "And so, trust is everything. And especially for a role in security. And I can tell you", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00432-00246470-00246925": "that I've made the mistake of going into a company, setting a strategy really quickly,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00433-00246925-00247332": "feeling the pressure that I've got this 90 day plan and I've got to go and just get it", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00434-00247332-00247792": "done. And I didn't take the time to build the relationships that I needed to, to understand", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00435-00247792-00248284": "the folks on the team. Understand my peers. Understand the leadership. What was important", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00436-00248284-00248686": "to them. Because I was so focused on I've got to get this in 60 days I've got to have", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00437-00248686-00249250": "the strategy done. And by 90 days, I've got to be executing on it. And the execution wasn't", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00438-00249250-00249771": "going as planned. And it made me realize, I got to slow down to really be effective", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00439-00249771-00250338": "and then be able to move fast. And so, I I think it's really important to that at the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00440-00250338-00250715": "end of the day, it's just a human connection. Influence is all about building the right", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00441-00250715-00251155": "relationships. You know, I also think it's really important to bring data to the and", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00442-00251155-00251657": "facts to the table when you don't have those relationships built yet so that you can start", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00443-00251657-00252054": "then bringing things to the table that are not based on opinion. You know, not based", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00444-00252054-00252448": "on anything other than what is the actual truth, which is data. So, I think those things", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00445-00252448-00253096": "have proven, in my opinion, to be very effective ways to gain trust to build to build kind", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00446-00253096-00253471": "of a following and then to be able to execute to build the right partnerships.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00447-00253471-00253991": "TRACY: Fantastic. And we're happy to all sign a card to your daughter to let her know how", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00448-00253991-00254480": "much we all think of you and how highly we think of you.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00449-00254480-00255192": "Ann, other than enticing people with screen time with your cute puppies, how do you how", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00450-00255192-00255752": "do you expert influence? Whether it's to get a buy in for security or just helping a mentee", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00451-00255752-00256167": "with professional, how do you see yourself for question five?", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00452-00256167-00256779": "ANN: People know if you genuinely care. People can tell instantly if you genuinely care.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00453-00256779-00257419": "If you're being honest. I tend to be honest, a little bit too blunt at times. But I do", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00454-00257419-00258126": "genuinely care. I genuinely care about our security program and the people. I'm going", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00455-00258126-00258733": "take this to a people aspect for a moment. Because part of the quote that's really important", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00456-00258733-00259250": "is getting people where they don't necessarily want to go, but they ought to be. When you're", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00457-00259250-00259770": "thinking about career development with people, about half the people I've worked with actually", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00458-00259770-00260136": "have a pretty defined plan. I want to do this, this and this. And half are like, I'm not", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00459-00260136-00260621": "sure what I want to do. And having those deep conversations and staying connected with the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00460-00260621-00261042": "people and being really thoughtful. And some of the hardest conversations I have had with", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00461-00261042-00261515": "people, look, this role isn't the best fit for your skills, aptitude or background. Or", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00462-00261515-00262320": "your desires. And you're not enjoying it. Let's talk about where you should be. What", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00463-00262320-00262805": "can the company you're a talented person, you bring a lot to the table. Where can you", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00464-00262805-00263185": "and the company find a good match where you're going to be fulfilled and having a lot of", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00465-00263185-00263629": "impact for the company? Those are really hard conversations to have. You have to be comfortable", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00466-00263629-00264128": "having them. You have to do it from a place of genuine caring for the individual. And", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00467-00264128-00264667": "as Rinki said, you have to establish trust. They have to trust you and know you'll have", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00468-00264667-00265146": "that conversation with them. They're in a safe space and they can talk about what's", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00469-00265146-00265651": "really on their mind. And to me, that's how you actually get people to where they ought", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00470-00265651-00266213": "to be. You actually listen, you engage, you invest the time. And it's not a one off conversation.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00471-00266213-00266630": "All of us, I think on this panel do a lot of mentoring. There's a lot of those conversations", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00472-00266630-00267038": "that are long term conversations until you finally get people into a great place for", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00473-00267038-00267459": "them and they're feeling fulfilled. When people are fulfilled, they're going to do their best", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00474-00267459-00267791": "work. TRACY: Fantastic answer. Thank you, Ann. Down", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00475-00267791-00268257": "there deep in the heart of Texas, Wendy, how do you light a fire under people?", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00476-00268257-00268944": "WENDY: Well, I'm gonna counter with a quote from my dad. Who used to say, \"There they", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00477-00268944-00269576": "go. I must hurry and catch up with them. For I am their leader.\"", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00478-00269576-00270169": "That's often how I feel. That, you know, sometimes I'm not leading, I'm helping to support from", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00479-00270169-00271316": "behind. I don't necessarily know where we're going either. And I feel uncomfortable sometimes", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00480-00271316-00271972": "these days with presuming that I know what's best for somebody. And so, you know, as everybody", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00481-00271972-00272673": "else has been talking about, it's really important to find out what the person themselves wants.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00482-00272673-00273278": "They might say, I'm happy in this position. I don't need to advance. That's totally a", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00483-00273278-00273936": "thing. So, it's it's finding out what they really do want. But having said that, some", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00484-00273936-00274557": "of the best managers that I've had have told me a couple things. They've explained to me", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00485-00274557-00275063": "what was going on at their level so that I could understand. And secondly, they would", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00486-00275063-00275835": "tell me what skills or experience I was missing. And they made sure that I could get it. Like", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00487-00275835-00276350": "they would say, you haven't managed any budgets yet. I'm gonna put you on, you know, to do", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00488-00276350-00276901": "this. So, they made sure that I learned things. But what I did with it after that was up to", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00489-00276901-00277388": "me. So, I'm lucky, extremely lucky to work with", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00490-00277388-00277964": "very senior, very smart people. And a lot of times I'll say, I don't know what we should", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00491-00277964-00278674": "do here. What do you think? And so, sometimes we all take turns leading. And I'm really", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00492-00278674-00279294": "just there, you know, to sing backup for anybody who needs it. That just kind of is my position.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00493-00279294-00280247": "TRACY: Oh, wow. It would be such an honor to have you as a pip in the background. One", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00494-00280247-00280814": "of the exactly. Wonderful. Let's move on to question six. Which is kind of a an interesting", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00495-00280814-00281301": "question. But let's see where this goes. So, question number six is, renowned coach of", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00496-00281301-00281933": "the Green Bay Packers football team, Vince Lombardi, famously said: Leaders aren't born:", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00497-00281933-00282932": "They are made. So, panel. What made you into a leader? Are there classes? Books? Experiences?", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00498-00282932-00283533": "Philosophies? Any of that shaped and formed how you see leadership and execute it? So,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00499-00283533-00284145": "let's let's kind of get in real deep with Rinki. What is there anything that you follow", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00500-00284145-00284594": "or that guides you that you feel made you into a leader?", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00501-00284594-00285389": "RINKI: I you know, it's interesting. Because I have read a lot of leadership books to learn.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00502-00285389-00286049": "And just get inspired. But what's actually taught me the most are other leaders. I've", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00503-00286049-00286726": "watched really good leaders or just people that I've heard from afar or seen from afar", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00504-00286726-00287253": "where I'm like, I want to be like her when I grow up. Or people and then the opposite", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00505-00287253-00287665": "too. Where you work for really bad leaders or you see really bad leadership traits and", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00506-00287665-00288149": "you're like, I'm never gonna do that. And I need to make sure, like what makes someone", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00507-00288149-00288746": "behave that way? Because I need to learn what it is so that I never do that. And those are", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00508-00288746-00289251": "the things that I think have shaped me. I try to follow the good. And that I think or", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00509-00289251-00289779": "at least what I feel is good and try not to follow what I think is bad. And I also rely", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00510-00289779-00290302": "I constantly ask for feedback. Even today, I don't think I'm perfect in any way, shape", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00511-00290302-00290732": "or form. I have a lot more to learn. I will ask for feedback from my peers, employees,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00512-00290732-00291710": "leaders. What am I doing more? That I am not aware of? What can I do better? And I try", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00513-00291710-00292361": "to form relationships, hey, Rinki, that was off. Probably don't want to do that again.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00514-00292361-00293040": "Or whatever it is. Yeah, that's how I've learned and shaped and continue to learn and shape.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00515-00293040-00293673": "Every now and then I look for books or videos or things that I can get inspired by to like", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00516-00293673-00294320": "refresh. And so, I think that's really important too. I get inspired constantly on Twitter", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00517-00294320-00294824": "itself, actually. Where I've found a whole new InfoSec family. So, I think that's been", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00518-00294824-00295334": "amazing as well. TRACY: Fantastic. Wendy, do you have any philosophies", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00519-00295334-00296024": "that you follow? Other than the sage wisdom of your father? As far as, you know, leadership", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00520-00296024-00296572": "goes? It's just yeah, hand puppets. WENDY: It's all hand puppets. Well, I was", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00521-00296572-00297146": "gonna say, yeah. Leaders are totally yeah. Leaders are made. In fact, my first promotion", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00522-00297146-00297661": "to a managerial position was a surprise to me. I didn't know about it until they had", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00523-00297661-00298298": "an All Hands meeting, and they put it up on a screen on an org chart. And I had to turn", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00524-00298298-00299121": "to my colleagues and go, I'm sorry, I didn't know. And I had no you know, I had very hands", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00525-00299121-00299682": "off management. I had no mentorship. I had to figure it out myself from that time forward.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00526-00299682-00300372": "Yes, I've made a lot of mistakes and had to learn from them. I love the idea of learning", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00527-00300372-00300815": "from other people's examples, both positive and negative. But I think the other thing", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00528-00300815-00301499": "that has helped me a lot. And some of probably just getting older. It's when I've gotten", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00529-00301499-00302032": "to the point where I feel confident in saying, I don't care if this is the culture or if", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00530-00302032-00302567": "this is how the top leaders do it. This is wrong. And I'm not gonna do this. And I'm", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00531-00302567-00303141": "not going to settle for it. And I don't know how to, you know, how to", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00532-00303141-00303777": "encourage other people to get to that point as well. To trust yourself and say, you know,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00533-00303777-00304431": "this culture is just wrong. And, you know, I'm not going to go along with it. I'm not", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00534-00304431-00305039": "going to emulate it even though this is how it's done. I would love to hear from everybody", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00535-00305039-00305526": "else on the panel how you share that with somebody else.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00536-00305526-00306193": "TRACY: Yeah, Lena, do you want to comment on Wendy's question and the question in general?", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00537-00306193-00306684": "LENA: I think the philosophy that changed me was being told no. I wasn't gonna amount", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00538-00306684-00307299": "to anything. When I was 16, I didn't have a degree. You know, I had been working since", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00539-00307299-00307964": "I was 14. I had to, you know lots of things happened. And, you know, I used to be told", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00540-00307964-00308720": "you'll be a typist. You know, just type. You'll be fine at that. And I thought, stuff you!", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00541-00308720-00309203": "And so, this is horrible. And I'm not really a spiteful person. But I do sometimes go on", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00542-00309203-00309616": "to like Facebook and just see the people that said I would come to nothing are still living", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00543-00309616-00310099": "in the same place and doing the same stuff. And sometimes I'm tempted to go, ha. But I", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00544-00310099-00310657": "don't. WENDY: I was a typist too. So, yay! Typists", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00545-00310657-00311051": "represent. LENA: Learning how to touch type probably", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00546-00311051-00311439": "really helped in this job. Because you can type, and you can talk, and you can do five", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00547-00311439-00311744": "different things and it just freaks people out. Yep.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00548-00311744-00312735": "TRACY: Oh, yeah. Who was whose mic is on that is talking? That it's not that's not me. So,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00549-00312735-00313148": "let's just try to plow through. I don't know where that sound is coming from. Ann, do you", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00550-00313148-00313758": "have any comments for this question? ANN: Yeah, I think it's like a sum up of everybody,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00551-00313758-00314156": "right? You know, when my I'll take it back to when my daughter was born, what's your", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00552-00314156-00314603": "parenting philosophy? What books have you read? And I said, hey, I want to not F the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00553-00314603-00315644": "kid up too bad. You know? If she ends up to be a good adult, self assured. I've taken", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00554-00315644-00316163": "a lot of courses and read books. But like Rinki, I've taken more from good and awful", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00555-00316163-00316632": "leaders. And I have no problem stealing stuff from great leaders and saying I'm going to", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00556-00316632-00317566": "bring this into my own thing. And being your authentic self and showing you care. We have", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00557-00317566-00318440": "a lot to learn. I'm at the stage in my career, and Wendy, you said it, I'll say it more bluntly.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00558-00318440-00319044": "I don't care as much about what people think about me. And there's some privilege in not", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00559-00319044-00319443": "having to always tow the company line. I recognize there's some privilege that. Right? You are", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00560-00319443-00319877": "at a certain stage of your career, and you can be bolder and braver and go against the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00561-00319877-00320404": "grain. But I'm at that point in my career. Where I'm saying I want to learn constantly", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00562-00320404-00320990": "and ask for and solicit and take feedback. I make mistakes and I want to learn from them.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00563-00320990-00321654": "But there's a certain culture in the organizations that I'm blessed to be part of. And like Wendy", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00564-00321654-00322142": "I don't I roll up my sleeves, I don't care what part of the team I'm on. And I want a", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00565-00322142-00322544": "certain culture. If that goes against the grain a little bit, I'm okay with that.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00566-00322544-00323172": "TRACY: Awesome. Fantastic answers. Little time check here. We need to start wrapping", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00567-00323172-00323856": "this up. What I would like to do now is read something that we discussed on one of our", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00568-00323856-00324410": "practice sessions and then I'll just do a quick loop around for some closing comments.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00569-00324410-00324861": "So, what I would like to read is that the panelists and I would like to close out today's", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00570-00324861-00325449": "discussion by remembering two of the great information security leaders who are tragically", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00571-00325449-00326080": "no longer with us, but whose legacy lives on for us to admire and to aspire to be more", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00572-00326080-00326774": "like them. So, first, one of the many ways Becky Bace was an inspirational leader was", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00573-00326774-00327457": "through being a mentor. One of per former mentees said, I owe my involvement and leadership", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00574-00327457-00327986": "in the security profession to Becky. As do countless other current leads in the profession", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00575-00327986-00328754": "today. Becky Bace considered her mentees like her own children and gladly shared her skills,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00576-00328754-00329343": "contacts and knowledge with them. It's that kind of selflessness and generosity that also", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00577-00329343-00330129": "very much makes you a leader. Dan Kaminsky showed leadership through his tireless research.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00578-00330129-00330744": "It was said that his passion for sharing, and learning was infectious and exemplary.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00579-00330744-00331345": "Dan showed leadership through his actions and contributions. One of Dan's friends said", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00580-00331345-00331936": "about him: It was never about ego. It was always about what the best answer to a problem", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00581-00331936-00332619": "was. Both of these examples of Becky and Dan show different ways you can be a leader and", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00582-00332619-00333233": "the legacy that you can leave behind. Let us use them and others as an example of", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00583-00333233-00333770": "how we should conduct ourselves within the information security industry and community.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00584-00333770-00334630": "So, let's do a quick round robin final thoughts on anything leadership. CISO related. Let's", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00585-00334630-00335130": "start with Ann. We'll just go alphabetical order here. Ann Johnson, please close us out", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00586-00335130-00335530": "for this panel session. ANN: Tracy, thank you. And thank you for those", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00587-00335530-00336156": "memories. And I think we could all aspire, you know, to be like those individuals. I", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00588-00336156-00336551": "want to thank all the ladies here. This has been fun. The prep for it has been fun. We", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00589-00336551-00337048": "do a lot of these. You're a group of woman that I would love to go out and have a glass", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00590-00337048-00337416": "of tea with. Which is like, this has been wonderful. I hope the audience did get something", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00591-00337416-00338036": "out of it. And feel free to reach out to me. I'm on a lot of different social media platforms.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00592-00338036-00338432": "I'm happy to help folks. If there's further questions, don't hesitate to reach out. Thanks", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00593-00338432-00339076": "top Tracy, Lena, Rinki and Wendy. TRACY: Ann, thanks so much. And boops to your", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00594-00339076-00339632": "pups from us all. Wendy, any final thoughts for us?", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00595-00339632-00340561": "WENDY: Yeah. I got nothing. Which is pretty much my philosophy of leadership. I'm pretty", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00596-00340561-00341266": "sure I have no idea. But lucky, I know a lot of people who have great ideas. So, you know,", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00597-00341266-00341809": "I would say, when in doubt, search them out. You know? When in doubt, go other people.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00598-00341809-00342478": "You don't have to do this alone. And you and you can do more than you think you can.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00599-00342478-00343061": "TRACY: Wonderful. Wonderful. Rinki. Any any final thoughts on this that you would like", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00600-00343061-00343458": "to share with us? RINKI: It's an honor being here with all all", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00601-00343458-00344152": "of inspiring ladies. I, like, couldn't be more thrilled. And many women I've looked", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00602-00344152-00344558": "up to I've shared with the group before that I was star struck. I didn't know what to say", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00603-00344558-00345199": "when I first got together with the group. It's an honor. Please stay connected with", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00604-00345199-00345760": "me if you're watching this. I'm on Twitter. Reach out. I love to help other women and", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00605-00345760-00346321": "other people in the security space. So, please reach out any time and at any of the avenues", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00606-00346321-00346747": "I'm on LinkedIn and Twitter as well. TRACY: Thank you. And Lena, bring us home", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00607-00346747-00347154": "with some wisdom about short bread and tablet and all things Scottish.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00608-00347154-00347902": "LENA: I had some tablet the other night, ah, it's just sugar. Now you've made me hungry.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00609-00347902-00348517": "I've had the best time. I love talking you ladies. I could do this all day. I'm just", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00610-00348517-00349013": "really honored to be part of this group. And thank you for those really kind words of the", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00611-00349013-00349452": "people who have gone too soon from this Earth. So, thank you very much. This was just an", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00612-00349452-00349942": "honor to be part of this. Thank you. TRACY: Wonderful. Well, that wraps this up.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00613-00349942-00350599": "So, thank you so much to the panelists, to the organizers, to the volunteers. To my dogs", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00614-00350599-00351244": "and husband who have stayed out of the way for the past hour. And this has been wonderful.", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00615-00351244-00351816": "So, thank you all so much. And just have a great rest of the conference. And just be", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00616-00351816-00352215": "healthy, be safe. Be great. Be your authentic self. Bye!", "q9wTgPGmzrM-00617-00352215-00352442": "LENA: Thank you! Bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "q9LQjjpWimy", "text": {"q9LQjjpWimy-00000-00000021-00000208": "We're going to say that genes and culture are", "q9LQjjpWimy-00001-00000208-00000393": "two systems of information inheritance", "q9LQjjpWimy-00002-00000393-00000827": "in symmetrical relationship to human phenotypes,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00003-00000827-00001156": "and both instruct or inform the phenotype.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00004-00001156-00001464": "So both of them give information that guides our behavior", "q9LQjjpWimy-00005-00001464-00001614": "that leads to--", "q9LQjjpWimy-00006-00001614-00001857": "increases the frequency of certain kinds of behavior,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00007-00001857-00002025": "and structure, and forms.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00008-00002025-00002277": "But there are key differences between them,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00009-00002277-00002440": "differences in the type of information", "q9LQjjpWimy-00010-00002440-00002565": "and the means of transmission.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00011-00002565-00002941": "Genes are passed along by reproduction.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00012-00002941-00003064": "Culture isn't.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00013-00003064-00003302": "Culture is passed along by social conveyance,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00014-00003302-00003571": "again by language, by teaching and learning,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00015-00003571-00003844": "by learning from the ancestors, learning from the elders,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00016-00003844-00004065": "that kind of thing.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00017-00004065-00004141": "Why milk?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00018-00004141-00004309": "First, it offers a terrific example", "q9LQjjpWimy-00019-00004309-00004486": "of the interplay of genes and culture.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00020-00004486-00004738": "It's an amazing example, as you'll see,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00021-00004738-00004930": "as we work our way along.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00022-00004930-00005176": "It also shows why understanding people requires", "q9LQjjpWimy-00023-00005176-00005413": "both of these systems of inheritance,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00024-00005413-00005746": "because milk is sometimes called the perfect food.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00025-00005746-00006049": "Did you ever hear that on radio or television?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00026-00006049-00006250": "Sometimes it was called the perfect food,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00027-00006250-00006511": "which is quite erroneous, as we'll see.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00028-00006511-00006877": "The vast majority of the adult population of Homo sapiens,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00029-00006877-00007231": "in fact, do not drink milk, and many of them are averse to it.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00030-00007231-00007648": "Believe it or not, no one realized in Western medicine,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00031-00007648-00008154": "until 1965, that people, adult people got sick", "q9LQjjpWimy-00032-00008154-00008425": "by drinking milk.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00033-00008425-00008734": "It wasn't until 1965.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00034-00008734-00008902": "And the question that makes me ponder", "q9LQjjpWimy-00035-00008902-00009082": "is does our society have blinders", "q9LQjjpWimy-00036-00009082-00009361": "to the plight of those who are different from the mainstream?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00037-00009361-00009828": "Do you know what we used for food aid in the '50s,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00038-00009828-00010216": "in the '60s, the '70s, the '80s?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00039-00010216-00010438": "Would you believe the 90s, the 2000s, would you", "q9LQjjpWimy-00040-00010438-00010897": "believe the 2010s, we're still sending food aid", "q9LQjjpWimy-00041-00010897-00011296": "in the form of dry milk powder?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00042-00011296-00011525": "I can still recall my first week in school.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00043-00011525-00011734": "That was the time we were given free powdered milk", "q9LQjjpWimy-00044-00011734-00011851": "in a government health campaign.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00045-00011851-00012034": "We were encouraged to take nutritional food.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00046-00012034-00012223": "And you can see the kids lining up here,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00047-00012223-00012391": "the teachers pouring it out.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00048-00012391-00012592": "In this case, it was warmed milk.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00049-00012592-00012805": "And then, in the next slide, for some of us", "q9LQjjpWimy-00050-00012805-00012997": "it was the first time we tasted powdered milk.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00051-00012997-00013163": "We had a bit of stomach trouble, and you", "q9LQjjpWimy-00052-00013163-00013389": "could see the kids trundling off to the outhouse.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00053-00013389-00013552": "When you look at this list of symptoms,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00054-00013552-00013849": "you can see that it's not everybody in a sample of people", "q9LQjjpWimy-00055-00013849-00014048": "studied by Matthews et. al.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00056-00014048-00014186": "But look at the gut-related ones.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00057-00014186-00014449": "There's abdominal pain, gut distention, borborigmus,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00058-00014449-00014656": "flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, nausea", "q9LQjjpWimy-00059-00014656-00015037": "and vomiting-- all pretty high, except maybe constipation.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00060-00015037-00015291": "Why make lactose?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00061-00015291-00015751": "Why has evolution favored an adult female mammary", "q9LQjjpWimy-00062-00015751-00015972": "gland that puts together two monosaccharides", "q9LQjjpWimy-00063-00015972-00016225": "to make a disaccharide, when in fact,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00064-00016225-00016602": "to be useful at all anywhere in the world,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00065-00016602-00016839": "they have to be broken back into glucose and galactose?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00066-00016839-00017046": "To be useful at all to the youngsters,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00067-00017046-00017489": "or to be useful at all to adult lactose absorbers,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00068-00017489-00017897": "lactase is needed to break back apart lactose into glucose", "q9LQjjpWimy-00069-00017897-00018398": "and galactose before it can even be absorbed into the body.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00070-00018398-00019056": "If you are an infant or an adult of the LA phenotype,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00071-00019056-00019291": "or the lactose absorber phenotype,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00072-00019291-00019624": "you have a lot of lactase right here.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00073-00019624-00019942": "Right here's where it is, in the membrane", "q9LQjjpWimy-00074-00019942-00020395": "of the microvillus of the villi, or the microvillus of the brush", "q9LQjjpWimy-00075-00020395-00020806": "border cells of the villi of the jejunal region", "q9LQjjpWimy-00076-00020806-00021071": "of the small intestine.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00077-00021071-00021188": "That's how it all happens.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00078-00021188-00021634": "Otherwise, lactose is wasted in effect, or even worse,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00079-00021634-00022026": "causes those serious problems we'll talk about.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00080-00022026-00022304": "So that what we realize today, associated", "q9LQjjpWimy-00081-00022304-00022622": "with the phenotypic diversity between LA and LM", "q9LQjjpWimy-00082-00022622-00022994": "is genotypic diversity, that human beings", "q9LQjjpWimy-00083-00022994-00023267": "vary in their genetic constitutions or genotypes,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00084-00023267-00023507": "so that we see in some contemporary populations", "q9LQjjpWimy-00085-00023507-00023712": "high frequencies of the big L allele.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00086-00023712-00023828": "OK?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00087-00023828-00024032": "So the challenge, then, of explaining", "q9LQjjpWimy-00088-00024032-00024368": "this interesting case of human phenotypic diversity traces", "q9LQjjpWimy-00089-00024368-00024650": "to the challenge of explaining the elevated frequency", "q9LQjjpWimy-00090-00024650-00024971": "of the big L allele in certain populations.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00091-00024971-00025454": "If you have one copy of big L because it's dominant,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00092-00025454-00025625": "you will also be a lactose absorber,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00093-00025625-00025957": "because you have a gene that is responsible", "q9LQjjpWimy-00094-00025957-00026342": "for persistent lactase activity into adulthood.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00095-00026342-00026597": "What's interesting, little l little l,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00096-00026597-00026861": "then, is the only condition that is", "q9LQjjpWimy-00097-00026861-00027119": "associated with malabsorbers.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00098-00027119-00027601": "But little l little l is by far the most common.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00099-00027601-00028129": "Please do not confuse dominance with frequency.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00100-00028129-00028552": "The dominant allele, big L, is rare in the world.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00101-00028552-00028902": "The little l little l is common in all mammals.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00102-00028902-00029182": "There is a subfield of evolutionary theory called", "q9LQjjpWimy-00103-00029182-00029407": "population genetics, to which we will return later", "q9LQjjpWimy-00104-00029407-00029776": "in the course, where in fact, a change in the genetic structure", "q9LQjjpWimy-00105-00029776-00030133": "of a population, or more specifically, a change in gene", "q9LQjjpWimy-00106-00030133-00030457": "frequency between generations is the definition", "q9LQjjpWimy-00107-00030457-00030574": "of organic evolution.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00108-00030574-00030813": "The very definition of evolutionary change", "q9LQjjpWimy-00109-00030813-00031007": "is a change in gene frequency.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00110-00031007-00031264": "So we have before us, we believe,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00111-00031264-00031695": "in the lactose case, an important evolutionary event.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00112-00031695-00031918": "We have a change in the frequency of the big L", "q9LQjjpWimy-00113-00031918-00032167": "gene are responsible for the diversity", "q9LQjjpWimy-00114-00032167-00032520": "of adult lactose-absorbing phenotypes in the world.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00115-00032520-00032705": "Now, we're in a very good position.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00116-00032705-00032881": "Thinking in the aggregate, thinking", "q9LQjjpWimy-00117-00032881-00033214": "of the proportion of big L and little l in a gene pool,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00118-00033214-00033529": "we're in a good position to ask, in a world that", "q9LQjjpWimy-00119-00033529-00033928": "started as all little l little l among human beings,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00120-00033928-00034279": "what forces acted to increase the frequency", "q9LQjjpWimy-00121-00034279-00034546": "to make more common the big L gene?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00122-00034546-00034915": "Because at some point, all adults were little l little l,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00123-00034915-00035179": "and something must have operated, because we know", "q9LQjjpWimy-00124-00035179-00035389": "it's a pan-mammalian condition.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00125-00035389-00035944": "Some adult human beings changed somehow to the big L gene,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00126-00035944-00036265": "and it became more common in the population.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00127-00036265-00036490": "I want to emphasize that almost anything in the world", "q9LQjjpWimy-00128-00036490-00036671": "can be preserved by natural selection.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00129-00036671-00036838": "Almost anything can be preserved through", "q9LQjjpWimy-00130-00036838-00036946": "a reproductive advantage.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00131-00036946-00037187": "Cultural things, beliefs and values,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00132-00037187-00037456": "the stuff we'll be studying on the beside,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00133-00037456-00037750": "can cause individuals to have reproductive differences,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00134-00037750-00038059": "and can therefore spread as parents teach their children,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00135-00038059-00038323": "and parents have more kids.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00136-00038323-00038638": "It can spread through differential reproduction.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00137-00038638-00038989": "With the advent of dairy, when cows", "q9LQjjpWimy-00138-00038989-00039304": "were valued for their milk, the cultural change", "q9LQjjpWimy-00139-00039304-00039600": "made milk available for adults to drink.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00140-00039600-00039943": "If big L is then introduced by mutation,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00141-00039943-00040387": "right, then there'd be as selective advantage", "q9LQjjpWimy-00142-00040387-00040555": "to having a copy of that, to having", "q9LQjjpWimy-00143-00040555-00040957": "the lactose-absorbing phenotype, because it would allow milk", "q9LQjjpWimy-00144-00040957-00041178": "in the diet as a general food supplement,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00145-00041178-00041563": "a source of calories and proteins, an additional food.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00146-00041563-00041836": "So this is called the culture historical hypothesis.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00147-00041836-00041935": "And look where we are.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00148-00041935-00042271": "We're tracing human genetic diversity, a difference", "q9LQjjpWimy-00149-00042271-00042544": "in our physiologies, correlated with an underlying difference", "q9LQjjpWimy-00150-00042544-00042808": "in genotypes, and we've traced it back now", "q9LQjjpWimy-00151-00042808-00043075": "to cultural differences in human populations,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00152-00043075-00043276": "differences in the technology, differences", "q9LQjjpWimy-00153-00043276-00043780": "in the attitudes and beliefs toward productive subsistence", "q9LQjjpWimy-00154-00043780-00044023": "strategies.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00155-00044023-00044208": "The culture historical hypothesis", "q9LQjjpWimy-00156-00044208-00044436": "has a number of postulates, which we'll run through,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00157-00044436-00044544": "or a number of claims.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00158-00044544-00044754": "Number one, prior to animal domestication,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00159-00044754-00044929": "fresh milk was generally not available", "q9LQjjpWimy-00160-00044929-00045117": "for post-weaning consumption by human beings.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00161-00045117-00045276": "You didn't have a source.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00162-00045276-00045459": "Two, human populations at that time", "q9LQjjpWimy-00163-00045459-00045696": "were characterized by high frequencies of malabsorption,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00164-00045696-00046137": "as were most other mammalian populations.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00165-00046137-00046283": "Three, with the advent of dairying,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00166-00046283-00046549": "fresh milk did become available in many human populations", "q9LQjjpWimy-00167-00046549-00046733": "for post-weaning consumption and use.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00168-00046733-00047083": "So what's nice is that Simoons said a history of dairying", "q9LQjjpWimy-00169-00047083-00047273": "would give you the high frequency of big L,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00170-00047273-00047461": "and a history of non-dairying would leave you", "q9LQjjpWimy-00171-00047461-00047803": "with the little l little l, so now we can test, right?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00172-00047803-00048148": "We can test the hypothesis, the culture historical hypothesis.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00173-00048148-00048233": "Look what we found.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00174-00048233-00048670": "First, we found that all non-dairying populations", "q9LQjjpWimy-00175-00048670-00048901": "are lactose malabsorbers, perfectly consistent", "q9LQjjpWimy-00176-00048901-00048979": "with the theory.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00177-00048979-00049183": "In the absence of a selective advantage,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00178-00049183-00049399": "in the absence of a reproductive advantage,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00179-00049399-00049554": "you maintain high frequencies of LM", "q9LQjjpWimy-00180-00049554-00050120": "and there is no elevation of the frequency of the big L allele.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00181-00050120-00050378": "Cluster number 1, low frequencies", "q9LQjjpWimy-00182-00050378-00050681": "of lactose absorption and no history of dairying.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00183-00050681-00051104": "Cluster number 2 also is consistent with the hypothesis.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00184-00051104-00051442": "Basically it says all populations classified", "q9LQjjpWimy-00185-00051442-00051628": "as absorbing populations.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00186-00051628-00051916": "The entire set, without a single exception,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00187-00051916-00052301": "all have a long-term cultural history of dairying.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00188-00052301-00052904": "Clusters 1 and 2 tightly fit the culture historical hypothesis.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00189-00052904-00053186": "Cluster 3 presents something of a problem.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00190-00053186-00053633": "Cluster 3 populations, of which there are a large number,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00191-00053633-00053987": "have a long cultural history of dairying, but none of them", "q9LQjjpWimy-00192-00053987-00054302": "are lactose-absorbing populations, and most of them,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00193-00054302-00054719": "in fact, are below the 30% line, all but four of them,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00194-00054719-00054895": "and are therefore malabsorbers.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00195-00054895-00055030": "Uh-oh.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00196-00055030-00055291": "Here are populations with that cultural change", "q9LQjjpWimy-00197-00055291-00055464": "in the environment.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00198-00055464-00055649": "The selection pressure presumably is there,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00199-00055649-00055892": "but they didn't evolve high frequencies of big L.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00200-00055892-00056104": "There seems to have been no reproductive advantage.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00201-00056104-00056209": "What happened?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00202-00056209-00056396": "Well, quickly, McCracken and Simoons", "q9LQjjpWimy-00203-00056396-00056546": "figured out, well, obviously there's", "q9LQjjpWimy-00204-00056546-00056692": "a way around the problem.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00205-00056692-00056987": "Perhaps these populations processed their milk", "q9LQjjpWimy-00206-00056987-00057473": "into low-lactose form, obtaining the benefit of milk", "q9LQjjpWimy-00207-00057473-00057803": "without the detriment of lactose.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00208-00057803-00058007": "There's an ancient Greek myth who", "q9LQjjpWimy-00209-00058007-00058274": "introduced cheesemaking before wine was known in Greece.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00210-00058274-00058485": "Well, you have to accept the myth as evidence.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00211-00058485-00058685": "But then there's other evidence that the process", "q9LQjjpWimy-00212-00058685-00058901": "of cheesemaking was probably discovered accidentally", "q9LQjjpWimy-00213-00058901-00059104": "by storing milk in the stomach of a ruminant,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00214-00059104-00059285": "resulting in the milk being turned to curds", "q9LQjjpWimy-00215-00059285-00059610": "and whey by the rennet remaining in the stomach.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00216-00059610-00059860": "If that's true, cheese would date to the origins of milk", "q9LQjjpWimy-00217-00059860-00060179": "and would go back 4,000 years.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00218-00060179-00060377": "And if that's true, then the result", "q9LQjjpWimy-00219-00060377-00060742": "is we have a problem for Simoons By this hypothesis,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00220-00060742-00061064": "milk processing undermines the reproductive advantage", "q9LQjjpWimy-00221-00061064-00061361": "of big L, and yet it evolved, because the food advantage", "q9LQjjpWimy-00222-00061361-00061547": "of milk would be available to everybody", "q9LQjjpWimy-00223-00061547-00061827": "that knew how to process it.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00224-00061827-00062091": "In science, you want to work with many hypotheses", "q9LQjjpWimy-00225-00062091-00062317": "if you can, and not fall in love, like Simmons", "q9LQjjpWimy-00226-00062317-00062442": "did, with your own hypothesis.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00227-00062442-00062561": "So we're back to the question, what's", "q9LQjjpWimy-00228-00062561-00062765": "the survival and reproductive advantage of big L?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00229-00062765-00063015": "And can we think of something other than the general food", "q9LQjjpWimy-00230-00063015-00063174": "advantage of milk?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00231-00063174-00063552": "It's possible that ancestral pastoralism is right,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00232-00063552-00063921": "but let's ask what other things might there be.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00233-00063921-00064257": "It turns out that very soon after Simoons was writing,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00234-00064257-00064592": "two European scientists, Flatz and Rotthauwe, said, look,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00235-00064592-00064800": "it's all about calcium.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00236-00064800-00065046": "It's not the general food value.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00237-00065046-00065259": "The selective advantage to the big L gene", "q9LQjjpWimy-00238-00065259-00065487": "and to lactose absorption is not food per se", "q9LQjjpWimy-00239-00065487-00065764": "but improved calcium supply.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00240-00065764-00065901": "This is a bone with rickets.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00241-00065901-00066138": "Insufficiently calcified.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00242-00066138-00066375": "And when you put weight on a bone like that--", "q9LQjjpWimy-00243-00066375-00066735": "as a child would in a village, a child with rickets", "q9LQjjpWimy-00244-00066735-00067003": "in a village in Nepal-- you put weight on it,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00245-00067003-00067251": "and the bone just pushes out, because it doesn't", "q9LQjjpWimy-00246-00067251-00067389": "have the structural support.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00247-00067389-00067689": "And unfortunately, then, the legs", "q9LQjjpWimy-00248-00067689-00067905": "will harden in that position, and that child", "q9LQjjpWimy-00249-00067905-00068097": "will have bowed legs forever.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00250-00068097-00068319": "But imagine rickets of the pelvis.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00251-00068319-00068623": "A normal pelvis for a female looks like this.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00252-00068623-00068832": "A big opening, you can see from the top,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00253-00068832-00069207": "through which the child's head passes in the birth canal.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00254-00069207-00069668": "If you've got rickets, it shrinks to this.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00255-00069668-00069927": "An attempt at birth of a mother with a child, where the mother", "q9LQjjpWimy-00256-00069927-00070239": "has rickets, neither survives.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00257-00070239-00070494": "In adults, the most important absorbing agent,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00258-00070494-00070737": "continued Flatz and Rotthauwe, is vitamin D.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00259-00070737-00070812": "Did you know that?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00260-00070812-00071058": "That the reason we're all concerned to make", "q9LQjjpWimy-00261-00071058-00071373": "sure we have plenty of vitamin D is", "q9LQjjpWimy-00262-00071373-00071741": "because it is an absorbing agent for calcium.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00263-00071741-00071887": "You've always thought, well, plants", "q9LQjjpWimy-00264-00071887-00072082": "are the only thing that photosynthesize, right?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00265-00072082-00072275": "Plants are green, they photosynthesize.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00266-00072275-00072534": "When you step outside today and you will photosynthesize", "q9LQjjpWimy-00267-00072534-00072741": "vitamin D. Isn't that fun?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00268-00072741-00072912": "You will photosynthesize vitamin D,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00269-00072912-00073173": "because it will take some of the cholesterol in your skin", "q9LQjjpWimy-00270-00073173-00073353": "and convert it to vitamin D.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00271-00073353-00073662": "Well, if you look at the world, where do you find ultraviolet?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00272-00073662-00073893": "This just shows the ultraviolet radiation on the Earth.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00273-00073893-00074085": "You can see it's high on the equator,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00274-00074085-00074207": "and it falls off quickly.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00275-00074207-00074262": "Look at that.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00276-00074262-00074544": "It falls off almost in stair steps as you go north.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00277-00074544-00074829": "Where you see high numbers, there's lots of UV.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00278-00074829-00075216": "Where the numbers fall off, like 50 up here in Scandinavia,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00279-00075216-00075576": "we're talking about 1/10, one ninth, one eighth,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00280-00075576-00075984": "of what we receive in this belt of land around the tropics.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00281-00075984-00076209": "Lactose absorption would have a selective advantage", "q9LQjjpWimy-00282-00076209-00076449": "if it can offset vitamin D deficiency.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00283-00076449-00076647": "Fresh milk is not only rich in calcium--", "q9LQjjpWimy-00284-00076647-00076797": "that's why it's white after all.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00285-00076797-00077187": "It's got lots of calcium mineral contained in the milk.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00286-00077187-00077387": "But it contains 4% to 7% lactose.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00287-00077387-00077487": "Remember our old friend.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00288-00077487-00077895": "Lactose, the milk sugar, the only sugar of its kind", "q9LQjjpWimy-00289-00077895-00078081": "in human food which is known to enhance", "q9LQjjpWimy-00290-00078081-00078249": "the absorption of calcium in the gut", "q9LQjjpWimy-00291-00078249-00078546": "just as efficiently as vitamin D.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00292-00078546-00078870": "Remember, we asked early on, why was it", "q9LQjjpWimy-00293-00078870-00079155": "that in the evolution of the biochemistry of milk", "q9LQjjpWimy-00294-00079155-00079362": "production, we took two simple monosaccharides", "q9LQjjpWimy-00295-00079362-00079632": "and put them together to make a disaccharide, only", "q9LQjjpWimy-00296-00079632-00079866": "to turn around and break them back down again.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00297-00079866-00080295": "Why did we take this elaborate biochemical apparatus", "q9LQjjpWimy-00298-00080295-00080544": "and take galactose and glucose and hook them together", "q9LQjjpWimy-00299-00080544-00080823": "to get lactose, only to break them back down with lactase?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00300-00080823-00080997": "For ingestion?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00301-00080997-00081192": "Here we have the glimmer of an answer.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00302-00081192-00081483": "The lactose molecule has the property", "q9LQjjpWimy-00303-00081483-00081820": "of stimulating calcium absorption in the gut", "q9LQjjpWimy-00304-00081820-00081990": "that neither monosaccharide has.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00305-00081990-00082143": "Oh.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00306-00082143-00082368": "So for an infant, milk is the perfect food", "q9LQjjpWimy-00307-00082368-00082683": "because it has both the calcium and the absorbing agent.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00308-00082683-00082923": "And for a lactose absorber, it gets", "q9LQjjpWimy-00309-00082923-00083190": "to be a pretty exciting food, because it", "q9LQjjpWimy-00310-00083190-00083346": "has both the calcium that you need", "q9LQjjpWimy-00311-00083346-00083982": "at high latitudes and the lactose to help with absorbing.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00312-00083982-00084171": "By improving the calcium in the diet", "q9LQjjpWimy-00313-00084171-00084351": "and by providing an alternative source", "q9LQjjpWimy-00314-00084351-00084753": "of calcium-absorbing agent, lactose absorption", "q9LQjjpWimy-00315-00084753-00085097": "helped in the battle against calcium insufficiency", "q9LQjjpWimy-00316-00085097-00085290": "at high latitudes.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00317-00085290-00085494": "So by this hypothesis, high frequency", "q9LQjjpWimy-00318-00085494-00085689": "of adult lactose absorption are expected today", "q9LQjjpWimy-00319-00085689-00085908": "among peoples, A, who have a long cultural history", "q9LQjjpWimy-00320-00085908-00086166": "of dairying, and B, who live at high latitudes,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00321-00086166-00086424": "where vitamin D deficiency is a chronic problem.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00322-00086424-00086550": "Note what we've got.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00323-00086550-00086713": "A prediction.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00324-00086713-00086949": "A prediction that says, look, we expect", "q9LQjjpWimy-00325-00086949-00087330": "to find that a reproductive differential of some magnitude", "q9LQjjpWimy-00326-00087330-00087938": "existed at high latitudes favoring lactose absorption.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00327-00087938-00087993": "Why?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00328-00087993-00088302": "Because milk contains both calcium and an alternative", "q9LQjjpWimy-00329-00088302-00088617": "absorbing agent, an absorbing agent independent", "q9LQjjpWimy-00330-00088617-00088836": "of ultraviolet radiation.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00331-00088836-00089271": "A partial additional solution, which, added together", "q9LQjjpWimy-00332-00089271-00089523": "with depigmentation, added with some exposure", "q9LQjjpWimy-00333-00089523-00089781": "to ultraviolet radiation, but especially during winter months", "q9LQjjpWimy-00334-00089781-00089940": "and other times of the year when there", "q9LQjjpWimy-00335-00089940-00090309": "wasn't sufficient vitamin D, lactose would", "q9LQjjpWimy-00336-00090309-00090666": "have been a terrific benefit to the populations", "q9LQjjpWimy-00337-00090666-00090774": "of the high latitudes.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00338-00090774-00091104": "Several indirect measures exist using contemporary data.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00339-00091104-00091205": "Look at this.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00340-00091205-00091432": "Dairying effort by latitude.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00341-00091432-00091737": "If people rear more cows as you go higher in latitude,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00342-00091737-00091974": "that tells you that, yeah, they're", "q9LQjjpWimy-00343-00091974-00092420": "willing to put in the effort to get to the products of dairy.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00344-00092420-00092600": "Milk consumption by latitude.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00345-00092600-00092858": "Is it true that if we plot the same milk", "q9LQjjpWimy-00346-00092858-00093275": "consumption figures, those liters per person per year,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00347-00093275-00093468": "does that go up with latitude?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00348-00093468-00093883": "And my favorite, the most unexpected.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00349-00093883-00094030": "Cheese conversion.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00350-00094030-00094284": "Conversion to cheese by latitude.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00351-00094284-00094555": "How do you think that would go?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00352-00094555-00094744": "Well, let's take a look.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00353-00094744-00094972": "Number of cows per thousand people.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00354-00094972-00095170": "So we're controlling for population size", "q9LQjjpWimy-00355-00095170-00095320": "within each of--", "q9LQjjpWimy-00356-00095320-00095515": "we had to reduce, sad to say, down", "q9LQjjpWimy-00357-00095515-00095776": "to 29 of the populations left in our sample", "q9LQjjpWimy-00358-00095776-00095950": "after we got adequate data.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00359-00095950-00096103": "But you can see the trend.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00360-00096103-00096232": "The main trend is here.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00361-00096232-00096436": "And these are milk-dependent pastoralists", "q9LQjjpWimy-00362-00096436-00096706": "off the curve at zero, but with high levels", "q9LQjjpWimy-00363-00096706-00096901": "of cows per hundred people.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00364-00096901-00097072": "Makes perfect sense.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00365-00097072-00097477": "There is a cultural emphasis on dairying", "q9LQjjpWimy-00366-00097477-00097879": "as you leave 25 to 30 degrees north and south latitude", "q9LQjjpWimy-00367-00097879-00098131": "and move to higher latitudes.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00368-00098131-00098250": "But wait.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00369-00098250-00098500": "The big L gene would only evolve to high frequency", "q9LQjjpWimy-00370-00098500-00098878": "at high latitudes if cultural beliefs, that is,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00371-00098878-00099244": "if your attitudes in your head are promoting milk drinking", "q9LQjjpWimy-00372-00099244-00099319": "at high latitudes.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00373-00099319-00099510": "Because, you remember, we started out little l", "q9LQjjpWimy-00374-00099510-00099739": "little l, where you know this stuff makes you sick,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00375-00099739-00099985": "so who wants to drink that.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00376-00099985-00100318": "We've got to co-evolve a supporting set", "q9LQjjpWimy-00377-00100318-00100570": "of cultural beliefs to encourage milk drinking.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00378-00100570-00100845": "Well, how are you going to do that?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00379-00100845-00101117": "How are you going to change the cultural ideology of milk?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00380-00101117-00101259": "Well, maybe there's a correlation.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00381-00101259-00101505": "Today you see it, but what about in history and prehistory?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00382-00101505-00101673": "Any evidence from antiquity?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00383-00101673-00101805": "Two fascinating clues.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00384-00101805-00102018": "I'm going to let you read about this one.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00385-00102018-00102322": "There's a comparison of cow genes and human lactase genes,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00386-00102322-00102680": "and they both peak in diversity in the same areas.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00387-00102680-00102897": "And then there's a comparison of Indo-European myths", "q9LQjjpWimy-00388-00102897-00103056": "about cattle.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00389-00103056-00103277": "I'm just going to zoom through these.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00390-00103277-00103487": "Indo-European mythology is fascinating.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00391-00103487-00103682": "And one of the things that's really interesting", "q9LQjjpWimy-00392-00103682-00103956": "is so much of it came from the same source.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00393-00103956-00104169": "From the same source, Indo-European population", "q9LQjjpWimy-00394-00104169-00104496": "spanned out across a broad area of northern Europe--", "q9LQjjpWimy-00395-00104496-00104652": "you can see it here--", "q9LQjjpWimy-00396-00104652-00104853": "leaving us with some people in the south,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00397-00104853-00105030": "some people in the Mediterranean lands,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00398-00105030-00105351": "and some people way, way up above the Arctic Circle,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00399-00105351-00105840": "all speaking related languages in this family,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00400-00105840-00106341": "and all carrying with them a traditional body of legend,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00401-00106341-00106614": "of old stories about where the world came from", "q9LQjjpWimy-00402-00106614-00106728": "and how it was created.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00403-00106728-00106872": "We even know the pathways.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00404-00106872-00107169": "We can even reconnect the history of where", "q9LQjjpWimy-00405-00107169-00107379": "they were at what time.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00406-00107379-00107805": "From one early homeland at 5,000 years before the present time,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00407-00107805-00107951": "they spread across Europe.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00408-00107951-00108291": "Their languages and beliefs differentiated as they went.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00409-00108291-00108588": "We know that all the languages came from a common source.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00410-00108588-00108792": "The Romance, Germanic, and Slavic languages", "q9LQjjpWimy-00411-00108792-00108908": "are all related--", "q9LQjjpWimy-00412-00108908-00109119": "linguists have put a time on this--", "q9LQjjpWimy-00413-00109119-00109483": "and that the origin was located in relatively low latitudes.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00414-00109483-00109733": "Well, the punchline here is so did their myths.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00415-00109733-00110076": "Their myths also originated in the same place.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00416-00110076-00110391": "And even old Russian, and some Chinese, and the Prose Edda,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00417-00110391-00110649": "and all these Indian, Iranian, and so on,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00418-00110649-00110779": "mythologies are related.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00419-00110779-00110953": "Now, I'm going to have to zip ahead.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00420-00110953-00111099": "I was going to run you through this", "q9LQjjpWimy-00421-00111099-00111388": "and show you the wonderful pictures.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00422-00111388-00111734": "These are myths that are very similar in their content.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00423-00111734-00111998": "These are the southern versions, where it involves a bull.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00424-00111998-00112160": "Now we're in the Mediterranean version,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00425-00112160-00112527": "where it involves a she-goat, and then involves a she-wolf.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00426-00112527-00112665": "And as we get up to the north--", "q9LQjjpWimy-00427-00112665-00112779": "are you ready for this?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00428-00112779-00112983": "Here's Ymir, the frost giant, who", "q9LQjjpWimy-00429-00112983-00113355": "lives on a giant cow and the streams of milk that", "q9LQjjpWimy-00430-00113355-00113529": "flow from her udder.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00431-00113529-00113853": "And he gets under the cow, just like the Danish woman,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00432-00113853-00113929": "to drink his milk.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00433-00113929-00113983": "Look at this.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00434-00113983-00114536": "This is a statue in the central park of Oslo.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00435-00114536-00114870": "So you put it all together, and what do you find?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00436-00114870-00115149": "You find that the first bovine at the beginning of time", "q9LQjjpWimy-00437-00115149-00115511": "was male in the south, became a goat or a she-wolf", "q9LQjjpWimy-00438-00115511-00115854": "in the Mediterranean zones, and became a giant cow", "q9LQjjpWimy-00439-00115854-00115968": "in the north.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00440-00115968-00116316": "That the fresh milk production was not mentioned in the south.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00441-00116316-00116607": "Its mentioned and fed to the infant Zeus or Jupiter", "q9LQjjpWimy-00442-00116607-00116976": "in the Mediterranean lands, and it's fed in the north", "q9LQjjpWimy-00443-00116976-00117339": "to gods and giants, gigantic figures that", "q9LQjjpWimy-00444-00117339-00117765": "walk the landscape, drinking rivers of milk", "q9LQjjpWimy-00445-00117765-00117972": "from a giant cow.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00446-00117972-00118119": "Now I ask you.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00447-00118119-00118248": "From the same origin.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00448-00118248-00118503": "Could you ask for a better demonstration", "q9LQjjpWimy-00449-00118503-00118828": "that culture also adjusts to latitude?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00450-00118828-00118908": "Isn't that amazing?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00451-00118908-00119007": "This is not my work.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00452-00119007-00119322": "I simply compiled it from the work of many other people.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00453-00119322-00119640": "And to me, it suggests, is this accidental?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00454-00119640-00120092": "It's probably guided by some kind of selective process.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00455-00120092-00120230": "It's impressive but a short list.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00456-00120230-00120551": "The myth of first sacrifice in Indo-European populations", "q9LQjjpWimy-00457-00120551-00120689": "appear to be historically related", "q9LQjjpWimy-00458-00120689-00120920": "to a common ancestral myth, but they", "q9LQjjpWimy-00459-00120920-00121190": "have differentiated in ways that highlight male bovines in lower", "q9LQjjpWimy-00460-00121190-00121475": "latitudes, female bovines and their milk in higher latitudes.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00461-00121475-00121759": "The high-latitude variants convey the message", "q9LQjjpWimy-00462-00121759-00122075": "that fresh milk is appropriate and evidently beneficial.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00463-00122075-00122231": "Hey, you want your kids to be strong?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00464-00122231-00122445": "Man, they could be like Thor.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00465-00122445-00122756": "They could just be these giant figures with massive muscles.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00466-00122756-00123032": "All I got to do is feed them milk.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00467-00123032-00123157": "Is the correlation accidental?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00468-00123157-00123386": "It might be the result of some selective process acting", "q9LQjjpWimy-00469-00123386-00123469": "on culture.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00470-00123469-00123799": "You can already guess that I wrote the book because I", "q9LQjjpWimy-00471-00123799-00123952": "think of the second one here.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00472-00123952-00124213": "In conclusion, in the case of lactose absorption, genes", "q9LQjjpWimy-00473-00124213-00124396": "and culture both influence our phenotypes,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00474-00124396-00124669": "and they do so in ways that appear to be adaptive,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00475-00124669-00124888": "favoring genes and beliefs at high latitudes that", "q9LQjjpWimy-00476-00124888-00125131": "enhance human survival and reproduction by encouraging", "q9LQjjpWimy-00477-00125131-00125443": "fresh milk consumption, and helping with calcium.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00478-00125443-00125647": "It looks very much like the co-evolution", "q9LQjjpWimy-00479-00125647-00125760": "of genes and culture.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00480-00125760-00126001": "How important is culture compared", "q9LQjjpWimy-00481-00126001-00126306": "to the effect of genes?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00482-00126306-00126570": "What's so interesting-- my hypothesis", "q9LQjjpWimy-00483-00126570-00126959": "would be that we wouldn't be capable of all", "q9LQjjpWimy-00484-00126959-00127109": "the wonderful music we've composed,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00485-00127109-00127440": "of all the wonderful theories and mathematics we have,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00486-00127440-00127671": "of all the wonderful books we can write.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00487-00127671-00127947": "We wouldn't be capable of that wonderful cultural capacity", "q9LQjjpWimy-00488-00127947-00128343": "if it couldn't take over and do the genes one better, if it", "q9LQjjpWimy-00489-00128343-00128688": "couldn't give us better circumstances than even", "q9LQjjpWimy-00490-00128688-00129096": "the genes could, in specificity, in detail, the recipe", "q9LQjjpWimy-00491-00129096-00129357": "for chocolate chip cookies.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00492-00129357-00129606": "Can't wait for that to be in your genes, right?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00493-00129606-00129805": "There's almost no way for that.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00494-00129805-00130065": "So my argument would be that culture is an immensely", "q9LQjjpWimy-00495-00130065-00130215": "powerful adaptive capacity.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00496-00130215-00130455": "It's also a powerful maladaptive capacity,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00497-00130455-00130697": "and it can be used against people all over the place.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00498-00130697-00130947": "Look at cigarette smoking.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00499-00130947-00131154": "So you've got to keep your eye on culture--", "q9LQjjpWimy-00500-00131154-00131472": "what keeps culture on track, what causes culture", "q9LQjjpWimy-00501-00131472-00131688": "to get off-track and run opposite", "q9LQjjpWimy-00502-00131688-00131901": "to the interest of the genes.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00503-00131901-00132267": "But its potential for doing the genes one better", "q9LQjjpWimy-00504-00132267-00132414": "is really amazing.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00505-00132414-00132708": "You could see it as the deputy of the genes", "q9LQjjpWimy-00506-00132708-00132925": "to deliver in a quickly changing world", "q9LQjjpWimy-00507-00132925-00133269": "the specificity we need to do adaptive things,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00508-00133269-00133732": "but also with the potential to do very maladaptive things.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00509-00133732-00133908": "Culture works both ways.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00510-00133908-00134122": "Oh, it's tricky, culture.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00511-00134122-00134507": "That's why we speak of them as the hard sciences.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00512-00134507-00134557": "Right?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00513-00134557-00134727": "And everybody says, yeah, and the soft sciences.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00514-00134727-00134878": "No, we have the hard sciences and we", "q9LQjjpWimy-00515-00134878-00135209": "have the difficult sciences.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00516-00135209-00135466": "And if you follow me, it's really hard", "q9LQjjpWimy-00517-00135466-00135664": "to figure out how to keep culture on track.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00518-00135664-00135871": "What is it that monitors culture?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00519-00135871-00135958": "How do we change it?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00520-00135958-00136070": "Really tricky.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00521-00136070-00136543": "We started with just this crazy little disaccharide molecule.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00522-00136543-00136768": "And now we're to the level of thinking", "q9LQjjpWimy-00523-00136768-00137195": "about myths and legends in Indo-European history.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00524-00137195-00137483": "And it relates to some very interesting common themes", "q9LQjjpWimy-00525-00137483-00137713": "about our humanity.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00526-00137713-00137899": "And what I hope to be doing is giving you", "q9LQjjpWimy-00527-00137899-00138118": "the tools to think about these things,", "q9LQjjpWimy-00528-00138118-00138364": "trying not to overwhelm you with too much detail--", "q9LQjjpWimy-00529-00138364-00138653": "so a lot is in the notes and in the pictures--", "q9LQjjpWimy-00530-00138653-00138853": "but trying to give you the tools to work with to", "q9LQjjpWimy-00531-00138853-00139067": "think about the diversity of us.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00532-00139067-00139180": "What a fascinating subject.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00533-00139180-00139479": "What could be more interesting than the diversity", "q9LQjjpWimy-00534-00139479-00139810": "of human beings and the tools we need to understand that?", "q9LQjjpWimy-00535-00139810-00140090": "And that's why we have HumBio 2A and 2B.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00536-00140090-00140267": "Thank you for your attention, guys.", "q9LQjjpWimy-00537-00140267-00140512": "We'll continue on Monday."}}, {"audio_id": "q9US5KMoLju", "text": {"q9US5KMoLju-00006-00004486-00004686": "materials", "q9US5KMoLju-00007-00004686-00004830": "white green plasticine and an old brush", "q9US5KMoLju-00016-00006192-00006436": "for the body we take as reference the previous video", "q9US5KMoLju-00022-00007286-00007495": "below in the description i leave my previous video", "q9US5KMoLju-00032-00009086-00009322": "at one end we leave flat this way", "q9US5KMoLju-00047-00011886-00012154": "for the wings we make 2 triangles", "q9US5KMoLju-00075-00018500-00018740": "repeat this step 4 times", "q9US5KMoLju-00076-00018758-00018952": "buy smaller", "q9US5KMoLju-00127-00028677-00028916": "i recommend watching this video several times", "q9US5KMoLju-00128-00029082-00029276": "in case you don't understand the steps of the tutorial", "q9US5KMoLju-00150-00033416-00033616": "we use the old brush", "q9US5KMoLju-00151-00033636-00033816": "to erase the joints", "q9US5KMoLju-00164-00035902-00036124": "so the wings will not fall", "q9US5KMoLju-00192-00042860-00043090": "for the cockpit", "q9US5KMoLju-00193-00043136-00043368": "we make a small elongated oval", "q9US5KMoLju-00216-00047386-00047618": "we make another oval", "q9US5KMoLju-00217-00047668-00047878": "for the gas tank", "q9US5KMoLju-00237-00051290-00051470": "these two sticks", "q9US5KMoLju-00238-00051498-00051720": "we place them on the wings", "q9US5KMoLju-00257-00055086-00055236": "so it should be"}}, {"audio_id": "qq6srXu_JrM", "text": {"qq6srXu_JrM-00000-00000000-00002999": "beautylacehair.com"}}, {"audio_id": "qqmAUo2dtrY", "text": {"qqmAUo2dtrY-00000-00000000-00000168": "[SIDE CONVERSATIONS]", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00001-00000447-00000598": "Good evening, everyone.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00002-00000598-00001059": "Welcome to this presentation of Gaelic Roots in conjunction", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00003-00001059-00001368": "with the Burns Library.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00004-00001368-00001498": "I'm very excited about tonight.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00005-00001498-00001854": "I'm so glad you came out on this cold night.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00006-00001854-00002169": "Before I introduce Christian Dupont to introduce Helen", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00007-00002169-00002679": "Phelan, I'd like to just mention that the next concert that", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00008-00002679-00002973": "will happen over in the Theology and Ministry Library Auditorium", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00009-00002973-00003321": "will be March 19, which is a big week, right?", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00010-00003321-00003653": "I know you're all super busy and have full calendars that week.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00011-00003653-00004155": "But it is nice that we have Máire Ní Chathasaigh and Chris", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00012-00004155-00004401": "Newman harp and guitar.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00013-00004401-00004644": "They were here a number of years ago when", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00014-00004644-00004905": "Seamus was directing the program, Seamus Connolly.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00015-00004905-00005060": "So I'm excited to have them back,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00016-00005060-00005421": "They're during a tour and a stop here at Boston College.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00017-00005421-00005585": "So they're fabulous.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00018-00005585-00005994": "So I hope you'll keep that in your calendar for March 19.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00019-00005994-00006423": "And I'm excited to have Helen Phelan here tonight.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00020-00006423-00006606": "And I'll introduce Christian Dupont", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00021-00006606-00006748": "who will introduce Helen.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00022-00006748-00006936": "Good.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00023-00006936-00007018": "Yes.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00024-00007018-00007213": "I'll step by the podium here for a second.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00025-00007213-00007451": "It's wonderful to collaborate with Sheila once in a while", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00026-00007451-00007612": "on these kind of events.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00027-00007612-00007870": "So when we knew that Helen was coming back to the States", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00028-00007870-00008317": "again for a second visit this year during a bit of sabbatical", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00029-00008317-00008707": "and visiting with her son Luke, colleges, and speaking.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00030-00008707-00008865": "Luke is here from Limerick, of course.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00031-00008865-00009044": "We'll say a little more about both of them.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00032-00009044-00009240": "But in setting up this event, we said, well,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00033-00009240-00009610": "this is so natural because it brings together music and text.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00034-00009610-00009865": "And so therefore, you know, Gaelic Roots and the Burns", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00035-00009865-00009944": "Library--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00036-00009944-00010090": "again, my name is Christian Dupont.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00037-00010090-00010450": "And I represent the wonderful staff of the Burns Library, and", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00038-00010450-00010747": "Elizabeth Sweeney, our Music Librarian, is in the back", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00039-00010747-00010822": "there.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00040-00010822-00010990": "Kathy Williams has come back who is now", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00041-00010990-00011365": "retired as our Irish Studies Librarian, and many of you", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00042-00011365-00011518": "know Kathy.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00043-00011518-00011875": "And so we're delighted to present this event together", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00044-00011875-00012004": "this evening.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00045-00012004-00012110": "So thank you for that.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00046-00012110-00012507": "I want to say a few more things about Helen", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00047-00012507-00012769": "and about this evening's program.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00048-00012769-00013087": "So Helen Phelan is a Professor of Arts Practice", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00049-00013087-00013390": "at the Irish World Academy of Music and Dance", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00050-00013390-00013560": "at the University of Limerick.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00051-00013560-00013819": "We've had the privilege to visit on a good couple of occasions", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00052-00013819-00013837": "here.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00053-00013837-00013951": "It's an amazing place.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00054-00013951-00014072": "When you go to Ireland--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00055-00014072-00014312": "and I saw John and Nuala Carlson there back", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00056-00014312-00014400": "there--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00057-00014400-00014947": "visit the University of Limerick and the Irish World Academy", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00058-00014947-00015297": "and Glenstal Abbey nearby there, [INAUDIBLE] Richard Kearney", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00059-00015297-00015374": "in there.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00060-00015374-00015757": "It's a wonderful part of Ireland in the southwest there.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00061-00015757-00016099": "Helen is a Research Council Recipient", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00062-00016099-00016294": "for her work on ritual singing and new migrant", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00063-00016294-00016456": "communities in Ireland.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00064-00016456-00016765": "And her most recent book, Singing the Rite--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00065-00016765-00017098": "R-I-T-E-- Singing the Rite to Belong-- so the rights--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00066-00017098-00017199": "R-I-G-H-T-- to belong.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00067-00017199-00017515": "It's wonderful-- Music Ritual and the New Irish", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00068-00017515-00018049": "published by Oxford Press in 2017, so the latest book.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00069-00018049-00018241": "And as a singer and as a ritual scholar,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00070-00018241-00018541": "Helen specializes in chant associated", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00071-00018541-00018715": "with religious rituals.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00072-00018715-00019085": "She is co-founder of the female vocal group Cantoral which", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00073-00019085-00019240": "released their acclaimed compact disk", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00074-00019240-00019433": "recording of Irish medieval chant in 2014.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00075-00019433-00019732": "And I think we'll be hearing some samples of chant", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00076-00019732-00019894": "this evening.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00077-00019894-00020044": "Ellen serves on the editorial boards", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00078-00020044-00020359": "of several journals including Frontiers in Psychology,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00079-00020359-00020530": "The International Journey of Community", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00080-00020530-00020803": "Music and Experiments, and Intensities, a journal", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00081-00020803-00021001": "for performance as research.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00082-00021001-00021091": "Hmm.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00083-00021091-00021355": "Maybe not the journals names you were expecting to hear,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00084-00021355-00021580": "but that's because her research are", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00085-00021580-00021871": "based not only in singing ritual and migration,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00086-00021871-00022180": "but arts-based and practice-based", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00087-00022180-00022432": "research methods, which is a unique concept.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00088-00022432-00022753": "And I hope you're going to be saying a little about that.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00089-00022753-00022999": "And even if you don't understand the concepts,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00090-00022999-00023257": "Helen is the embodiment of arts practice--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00091-00023257-00023533": "bringing together the scholarship, the performance,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00092-00023533-00023723": "and the insights that those together bring.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00093-00023723-00023848": "And we're really a part of it.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00094-00023848-00024097": "This is, in a way, an arts practice community", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00095-00024097-00024394": "here by bringing our minds and our hearts", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00096-00024394-00024814": "and our ears and our eyes to this evening's thing.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00097-00024814-00025191": "So another very important thing to say about Helen--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00098-00025191-00025438": "as some of you know--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00099-00025438-00025804": "she worked very closely with her husband and composer Mícheál Ó", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00100-00025804-00026125": "Súilleabháin, who is involved in the founding of the Irish World", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00101-00026125-00026196": "Academy.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00102-00026196-00026401": "And you're involved with that really for Mícheál,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00103-00026401-00026758": "from the beginning and doing that from 1994.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00104-00026758-00027274": "And we remember Mícheál very fondly and dearly this evening", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00105-00027274-00027633": "and every day here at Boston College,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00106-00027633-00027982": "for the many times that he was here and the inspiration he", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00107-00027982-00028375": "gave to the founding of our Irish music archives which Beth", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00108-00028375-00028833": "curates, for the Burns Library, now over some 30 years.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00109-00028833-00029405": "So you have a right to belong to this podium here this evening.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00110-00029405-00029620": "It's, yeah, with real gratitude, I'm", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00111-00029620-00029808": "glad that you're here with us this evening.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00112-00029808-00030154": "And you, Luke, as well, having visited you at home many times.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00113-00030154-00030356": "So thank you.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00114-00030356-00030605": "Thank you.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00115-00030605-00030722": "Thank you so much.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00116-00030722-00031082": "It's a lovely honor for myself and Luke", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00117-00031082-00031401": "to share this space with you this evening.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00118-00031401-00031564": "This is the first time that I've really", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00119-00031564-00031776": "talked about some of this work publicly.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00120-00031776-00032030": "So I would love your feedback.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00121-00032030-00032258": "Please jump in at any stage in the middle", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00122-00032258-00032495": "if you have any questions, or comments,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00123-00032495-00032687": "or you feel like singing with me.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00124-00032687-00032961": "I would be very happy for you to do that as well.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00125-00032961-00033209": "And I thought maybe before we kind of jump", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00126-00033209-00033551": "into the presentation, we might actually begin with some chant.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00127-00033551-00034022": "And lots of the miracles of the Irish saints", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00128-00034022-00034370": "were either announced or prophesied", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00129-00034370-00034631": "or even carried out by angels.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00130-00034631-00035000": "So I thought we might start with a chant to an angel.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00131-00035000-00035258": "Patrick's guardian angel came to visit him", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00132-00035258-00035465": "for the 40 days in the desert, as we were", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00133-00035465-00035681": "taught in the medieval sources.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00134-00035681-00035972": "When Saint Brigid was a small baby,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00135-00035972-00036314": "a druid saw a vision of three angelic presences", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00136-00036314-00036815": "who anointed her and carried out the order of baptism.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00137-00036815-00037277": "The angel Raphael told Saint Senán when it was time to go", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00138-00037277-00037631": "to Scattery Island in the Shannon Estuary and defeat", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00139-00037631-00037925": "the monster who was living there.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00140-00037925-00038105": "As a small child, Saint Brendan--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00141-00038105-00038450": "you can see in this image here-- was fostered to Saint Ita.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00142-00038450-00038759": "And Saint Ita used to see angelic presences", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00143-00038759-00039008": "around his head.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00144-00039008-00039362": "When Saint Ciarán of Clonmacnoise went to study with", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00145-00039362-00039657": "Saint Finnion of Clonard, he was required,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00146-00039657-00039953": "as all the students were, to take his turn at grinding", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00147-00039953-00040034": "the corn.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00148-00040034-00040409": "But when his turn came, an angel would come and grind the corn", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00149-00040409-00040889": "for him so that he could study and pray.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00150-00040889-00041417": "But the most powerful angel of all was the Archangel Michael.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00151-00041417-00041829": "Michael is the protector angel, the guider of souls.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00152-00041829-00042161": "And it's not a coincidence--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00153-00042161-00042383": "many of you will recognize this--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00154-00042383-00042704": "Sceilg Mhichil, Skellig Michael, now, of course,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00155-00042704-00042872": "of Star Wars fame.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00156-00042872-00043121": "It's not a coincidence that this island", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00157-00043121-00043449": "is near a smaller island called the House of Danann.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00158-00043449-00043946": "Danann, the god who gathered up the souls of the dead to bring", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00159-00043946-00044301": "them to Tir Na nÓg, to the land of eternal youth.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00160-00044586-00044709": "As Christian was saying--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00161-00044709-00045116": "and I thought that it would help me being back here in Boston", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00162-00045116-00045509": "tonight, that I might begin a chant tonight to the Archangel", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00163-00045509-00045958": "Michael, to call Michael into our presence,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00164-00045958-00046190": "to call Mícheál into our presence.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00165-00046190-00046490": "The last time that I was here in Boston it was with Mícheál", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00166-00046490-00046634": "and my son Luke.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00167-00046634-00047183": "And this image of Michael and of Michael--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00168-00047183-00047390": "many of us would be familiar with the icon", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00169-00047390-00047654": "of Michael's slaying the dragon, wouldn't we?", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00170-00047654-00048158": "This is icon is more typical of the eastern representation", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00171-00048158-00048518": "and resonates, I think, a lot more with the role of Michael", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00172-00048518-00049067": "in the Irish tradition as the protector of the world.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00173-00049067-00049319": "I'm going to introduce this chant with a little reading", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00174-00049319-00049532": "from the Book of Lismore.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00175-00049532-00049805": "And this reading is about when Saint Brendan--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00176-00049805-00050040": "who, of course, as we know really discovered America,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00177-00050040-00050315": "so we don't have to talk about that tonight.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00178-00050315-00050462": "We're all in agreement there--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00179-00050462-00050816": "but when he sets out from Kerry not far", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00180-00050816-00051137": "from Skellig to find the Isle of the Blessed.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00181-00051137-00051374": "So I might just read this text and then sing", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00182-00051374-00051766": "the chant of the Archangel Michael coming down this.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00183-00051766-00052001": "I'm not checking my messages, I'm finding my piano.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00184-00052466-00052773": "\"Brendan heard the voice of an angel from heaven who said,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00185-00052773-00053136": "'Arise, Brendan, for God will give you what you seek--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00186-00053136-00053454": "the Isle of the Blessed.'", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00187-00053454-00053820": "And he saw in a vision a mighty, intolerable ocean", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00188-00053820-00054339": "on every side of a beautiful, noble island with angels", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00189-00054339-00054566": "rising up from it.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00190-00054566-00054857": "'I will be with you,' said the angel.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00191-00054857-00056489": "'And I will tell you how to find the Isle of the Blessed.'\"", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00192-00056489-00056601": "[LATIN CHANTING]", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00193-00065122-00065488": "So just a few words about the chant and the style", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00194-00065488-00065662": "of chanting that I'm singing.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00195-00065662-00066124": "As Christian mentioned, I sing with a group called Cantoral", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00196-00066124-00066365": "at the University of Limerick in Ireland.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00197-00066365-00066760": "And we're especially interested in those medieval manuscripts", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00198-00066760-00066952": "that we have in Ireland or that we", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00199-00066952-00067279": "find in continental Europe about Ireland.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00200-00067279-00067609": "And what we try to do is to create our own editions", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00201-00067609-00067877": "and to perform and record these.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00202-00067877-00068125": "So most of what I'll be sharing with you tonight", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00203-00068125-00068491": "is based on the scholarship of that group on those editions", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00204-00068491-00068796": "with a little bit of modal improvisation.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00205-00068796-00068938": "So what I'd like to share with you", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00206-00068938-00069343": "are some insights about the late medieval", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00207-00069343-00069709": "records that we have of the miracles of the Irish saints.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00208-00069709-00069991": "And as I was saying, I first came to this topic myself", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00209-00069991-00070150": "as a singer.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00210-00070150-00070564": "One of the striking features of these medieval Irish", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00211-00070564-00070861": "manuscripts are the chants and the offices", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00212-00070861-00071122": "that we have about the Irish saints.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00213-00071122-00071455": "And most of these are hagiographies", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00214-00071455-00071575": "from the Greek holy.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00215-00071575-00071821": "They're like holy biographies.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00216-00071821-00072097": "And these are the stories of saints' lives", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00217-00072097-00072493": "that emphasize the miracles and the wonders of their existence.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00218-00072493-00072850": "And several of the chant sources that we have for Patrick,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00219-00072850-00073207": "for Brigid, for Columcille, for Columbanus,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00220-00073207-00073567": "for Ciarán come from the late medieval period,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00221-00073567-00073830": "from about the 14th or 15th century these stories.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00222-00073830-00074086": "So I thought that it would be interesting to look", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00223-00074086-00074341": "at some of these lives of the saints", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00224-00074341-00074478": "from the same historical period.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00225-00074478-00074683": "So the one I'm going to talk to you about tonight", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00226-00074683-00075035": "is a 15th century manuscript called the Book of Lismore.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00227-00075035-00075442": "And there is a collection of these lives of the saints.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00228-00075442-00075694": "So before I dive into these sources,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00229-00075694-00075919": "I think one of the things that's worth thinking about", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00230-00075919-00076360": "is that our contemporary understanding of miracles", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00231-00076360-00076834": "differs quite a bit from that early medieval understanding.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00232-00076834-00077071": "Our view of a miracle is as something", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00233-00077071-00077314": "rare and extraordinary, isn't it?", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00234-00077314-00077566": "It's like the occasional intervention", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00235-00077566-00077915": "of the supernatural into the natural order.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00236-00077915-00078106": "But that view is actually a product", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00237-00078106-00078310": "of the late Middle Ages.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00238-00078310-00078619": "To understand the view of the early medieval period, what", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00239-00078619-00078940": "the Irish saints would have been thinking and reading,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00240-00078940-00079115": "we need to look at writers like Augustine.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00241-00079115-00079402": "We know, for example, that Columbanus was very familiar", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00242-00079402-00079477": "with that work.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00243-00079477-00079744": "And Augustine's views of miracles", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00244-00079744-00079984": "were, not that they were occasional,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00245-00079984-00080221": "but that they were normal.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00246-00080221-00080647": "For him and for the early Irish saints, all of life", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00247-00080647-00081097": "was continuously infused with the miraculous.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00248-00081097-00081541": "But it's only the occasional few who are aware of this.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00249-00081541-00081979": "So miracles are all around us, but we can't always see them.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00250-00081979-00082378": "And the holier a person was, the view was the more predisposed", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00251-00082378-00082621": "they were to be able to see these.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00252-00082621-00082969": "And of course, this corresponded with the view of the time", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00253-00082969-00083230": "that there wasn't this separation", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00254-00083230-00083485": "between the natural and the supernatural world", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00255-00083485-00083624": "that we now think, is there?", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00256-00083624-00084055": "So for example, paradise was viewed as terrestrial.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00257-00084055-00084454": "Now, there was a lot of debate as to exactly where it was.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00258-00084454-00084898": "Was it in the mid-Atlantic around the Isle of Atlantis?", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00259-00084898-00085246": "Was it Brendan's Isle of the Blessed?", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00260-00085246-00085558": "I have to tell you that Isidore of Seville", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00261-00085558-00085804": "suggested that one thing we were pretty certain about", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00262-00085804-00086035": "was that purgatory was on the Island of Ireland.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00263-00086035-00086318": "[LAUGHTER]", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00264-00086318-00086698": "But the majority opinion was that paradise was", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00265-00086698-00086944": "probably somewhere in the East.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00266-00086944-00087202": "And connecting paradise with the East", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00267-00087202-00087526": "evolved out, of course, the growing commercial relationship", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00268-00087526-00087686": "with the East and the spice trade.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00269-00087686-00088108": "And this view of the East as somehow being cloaked", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00270-00088108-00088273": "in a sense of the marvelous.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00271-00088273-00088525": "And it's really interesting that the Book of Lismore,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00272-00088525-00088930": "this manuscript that has the lives of the Irish saints,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00273-00088930-00089230": "also has one of the earliest Irish language versions", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00274-00089230-00089464": "of The Adventures of Marco Polo, the book", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00275-00089464-00089749": "of the marvels of the world.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00276-00089749-00090109": "And the sources from this early period", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00277-00090109-00090547": "suggest that the marvelous or the miraculous", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00278-00090547-00090740": "was all around us.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00279-00090740-00091081": "And when they talk about a hagiography or the life", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00280-00091081-00091381": "of a holy person, it was somebody who", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00281-00091381-00091738": "was attuned to the marvelous.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00282-00091738-00092023": "So if we look generally at the view of miracles", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00283-00092023-00092242": "at this period, what we find is that there", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00284-00092242-00092411": "are three main categories.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00285-00092411-00092588": "And this is not unique to Ireland.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00286-00092588-00092836": "We find this right across the medieval sources.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00287-00092836-00093076": "And there are miracles of healing,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00288-00093076-00093481": "miracles of protection, and miracles of hospitality.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00289-00093481-00093706": "And we find examples of all of these", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00290-00093706-00093888": "in the lives of the Irish saints.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00291-00093888-00094210": "So not surprisingly, lots of these miracles", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00292-00094210-00094436": "emulated the miracles of Jesus.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00293-00094436-00094747": "So in terms of the healing miracles, the Book of Lismore", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00294-00094747-00095011": "tells us that Patrick raised the dead, healed", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00295-00095011-00095378": "the blind and the lepers, and halted every disease.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00296-00095378-00095702": "When a boy is killed by a snake trying to cross the river", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00297-00095702-00095963": "to hear Columcille preach, he makes the sign", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00298-00095963-00096344": "of the cross on the boy's head and he's brought back to life.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00299-00096344-00096572": "And 12 lepers are sent to Ciarán.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00300-00096572-00096842": "He cuts a sod of ground out of the earth,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00301-00096842-00097025": "a stream gushes forth.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00302-00097025-00097307": "He pours three waves of water over the heads", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00303-00097307-00097445": "of each of the lepers.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00304-00097445-00097679": "And they're cured.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00305-00097679-00098015": "Columbanus restores the sight of a blind man in Orléans", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00306-00098015-00098144": "by touching his eyes.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00307-00098144-00098528": "And he casts out the demons from a Parisian by grasping his ear", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00308-00098528-00098813": "and striking his tongue.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00309-00098813-00099107": "There are many, many more examples of these miracles", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00310-00099107-00099287": "as there are plenty examples of what", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00311-00099287-00099458": "we call protection miracles.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00312-00099458-00099803": "Sometimes these are miracles of the saints protecting others.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00313-00099803-00100049": "Sometimes the saints are protecting themselves.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00314-00100049-00100334": "And in many of the cases, there is a small little edge", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00315-00100334-00100700": "of revenge against the people who are trying to attack.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00316-00100700-00101093": "So when robbers tried to kill Ciarán, he strikes them blind.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00317-00101093-00101357": "When a soldier tries to kill Columbanus with his lance,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00318-00101357-00101624": "the soldier's arm becomes paralyzed.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00319-00101624-00101804": "When warriors from Fir Rois", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00320-00101804-00102140": "come to slay Patrick, they are drowned.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00321-00102140-00102479": "When three sisters from Brigid's household go to Rome", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00322-00102479-00102716": "and the guest keeper tries to poison them,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00323-00102716-00102974": "they sing the hymn that Columcille wrote in Brigid's", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00324-00102974-00103218": "honor and they're all saved.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00325-00103218-00103505": "So we have plenty examples of these healing miracles,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00326-00103505-00103688": "the protection miracles.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00327-00103688-00104063": "But by far, the largest category of miracles", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00328-00104063-00104332": "are miracles of hospitality.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00329-00104332-00104525": "There are lots and lots of variations", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00330-00104525-00104957": "of the water to wine miracle, of the loaves and fishes feeding", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00331-00104957-00105101": "the multitude.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00332-00105101-00105257": "When Patrick was a little boy we're", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00333-00105257-00105460": "told his mother scolded him because all", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00334-00105460-00105608": "the other little boys were bringing", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00335-00105608-00105785": "honey home to their mothers.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00336-00105785-00105996": "So Patrick ran out and got some water", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00337-00105996-00106154": "and changed it into honey.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00338-00106154-00106328": "[LAUGHTER]", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00339-00106328-00106619": "One day Finnian of Movilla is celebrating mass", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00340-00106619-00106814": "and he realizes he has no wine.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00341-00106814-00107033": "So Ciarán dashes off, gets some water,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00342-00107033-00107413": "pours it into the chalice, and transforms it into wine.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00343-00107413-00107765": "Columbanus feeds 60 hungry monks at Fontaine", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00344-00107765-00108135": "with two loaves of bread and a little beer.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00345-00108135-00108374": "Like our miracles of protection, there", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00346-00108374-00108548": "is also frequently a consequence", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00347-00108548-00108845": "for those who do not render hospitality.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00348-00108845-00109298": "When Senán asks a king to share his feast and the king refuses,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00349-00109298-00109658": "all the food for the feast is turned putrid.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00350-00109658-00109994": "There's no doubt that the saint most often associated", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00351-00109994-00110266": "with miracles of hospitality is Saint Brigid.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00352-00110266-00110505": "And we'll turn to Brigid for our next chant.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00353-00110505-00110747": "And the Book of Lismore, the manuscript", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00354-00110747-00111014": "that I'm referring to tonight, has 62 miracles", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00355-00111014-00111286": "associated with Brigid and 24 of these", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00356-00111286-00111493": "are miracles of hospitality.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00357-00111493-00111902": "For my images of the saints, I have all these beautiful Harry", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00358-00111902-00112028": "Clarke--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00359-00112028-00112208": "I have a particular love of stained glass.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00360-00112208-00112538": "And I had a wonderful tour around the campus with Beth", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00361-00112538-00112754": "today so I had to go back to my hotel", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00362-00112754-00112916": "and quickly change some of my slides", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00363-00112916-00113207": "to put in some of the gorgeous images", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00364-00113207-00113450": "that I found around here.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00365-00113450-00113675": "As a young girl, we're told Saint Brigid was traveling", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00366-00113675-00114029": "with her nurse to see her father when the nurse takes ill.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00367-00114029-00114296": "She asks a man who was preparing a feast for some", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00368-00114296-00114560": "of his ale for the nurse and he refuses.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00369-00114560-00114881": "She goes to a well, turns the water into ale", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00370-00114881-00115145": "and turns all the ale from the feast into water.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00371-00115145-00115306": "[LAUGHTER]", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00372-00115306-00115558": "One Easter, Brigid wishes to brew some ale", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00373-00115558-00115784": "for all the churches around her monastery,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00374-00115784-00115967": "but there is a scarcity of corn.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00375-00115967-00116171": "And she only has one sieve of milk,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00376-00116171-00116471": "but she's able to brew enough ale for 17 churches", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00377-00116471-00116828": "from Maundy Thursday to Low Sunday.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00378-00116828-00117085": "Once Patrick comes to visit Saint Brigid.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00379-00117085-00117269": "And she wonders how is she going to feed him", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00380-00117269-00117401": "and all of his followers.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00381-00117401-00117653": "She only has one sheep, 12 loaves of bread,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00382-00117653-00117784": "and a little milk.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00383-00117784-00117869": "She blesses them.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00384-00117869-00118121": "And she can feed Patrick, his followers, and all", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00385-00118121-00118415": "of her own congregation.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00386-00118415-00118673": "Within the hospitality miracles associated", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00387-00118673-00118898": "with Brigid, what's very striking is", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00388-00118898-00119348": "the number of milk miracles we have in the Irish tradition.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00389-00119348-00119485": "Of course, we're only a few weeks", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00390-00119485-00119686": "past the Festival of Imbolc, aren't we?", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00391-00119686-00120044": "Christianized as, of course, the Feast of Saint Brigid.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00392-00120044-00120467": "And many of the rituals from the pre-Christian feast associated", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00393-00120467-00120824": "with lactation and fertility are present.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00394-00120824-00121100": "And it's very striking to see the continuance", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00395-00121100-00121514": "of these metaphors in Brigid's hagiographies.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00396-00121514-00121769": "We're told one of her sisters becomes ill in the church", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00397-00121769-00121907": "and she desires milk.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00398-00121907-00122150": "Brigid finds some water, turns it into milk,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00399-00122150-00122335": "and heals her sister.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00400-00122335-00122590": "When a group of bishops come to visit Brigid,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00401-00122590-00122774": "she has no milk left because she'd already", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00402-00122774-00122975": "milked the cows twice that day.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00403-00122975-00123257": "But she instructs the cows to be milked a third time.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00404-00123257-00123511": "They give their best milk yet, so abundant", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00405-00123511-00123839": "that it creates a lake of milk.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00406-00123839-00124009": "It's very interesting because there", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00407-00124009-00124289": "are feminist medieval scholars like Caroline Walker", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00408-00124289-00124604": "Bynum for example, who remind us of the important connection", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00409-00124604-00125043": "between the medieval female mystics and food.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00410-00125043-00125228": "But the relationship is strikingly", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00411-00125228-00125519": "different for the majority of medieval sources", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00412-00125519-00125723": "compared to the Irish sources.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00413-00125723-00126290": "The typical relationship between medieval female saints and food", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00414-00126290-00126596": "is one of fasting and deprivation.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00415-00126596-00127013": "But the Irish one is one of hospitality and abundance.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00416-00127013-00127261": "Of course, hospitality and sheltering", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00417-00127261-00127553": "the guests, feeding the guests is a very important aspect", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00418-00127553-00127960": "of the medieval Irish social fabric legislated for as", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00419-00127960-00128153": "early as the 8th century.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00420-00128153-00128492": "Brigid's hospitality is strongly linked to, of course,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00421-00128492-00128957": "the ubiquitous association with cows as an example of wealth,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00422-00128957-00129288": "and status, and abundance in early Irish society,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00423-00129288-00129566": "but also of the life-sustaining food", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00424-00129566-00129910": "source of women themselves.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00425-00129910-00130217": "Milk is always also a very important metaphor", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00426-00130217-00130673": "for the transition point from the old Celtic religious world", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00427-00130673-00130829": "to the new Christian one.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00428-00130829-00131019": "And I'll talk about that in the next section,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00429-00131019-00131153": "but now it's time to sing again.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00430-00131153-00131411": "I'd love to do a Brigid chant for you.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00431-00131411-00131840": "And this comes from a manuscript that we have", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00432-00131840-00132107": "in Trinity College in Dublin.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00433-00132107-00132272": "It's called TCD-80.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00434-00132272-00132611": "And this tells that lovely story, many of us", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00435-00132611-00132842": "are familiar with, that honorific title that", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00436-00132842-00132941": "was given to Brigid--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00437-00132941-00133112": "Mary of the Gaels.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00438-00133112-00133394": "And this tells the story about how Brigid is", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00439-00133394-00133595": "called to a synod in Leinster.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00440-00133595-00133869": "And actually, I'll read the story from the Book of Lismore", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00441-00133869-00133919": "actually.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00442-00133919-00133998": "That might be nice.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00443-00133998-00134343": "And I'll use that to come into this chant,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00444-00134343-00134442": "\"Virgo Decoratur.\"", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00445-00134765-00134960": "\"Brigid was invited for a gathering", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00446-00134960-00135185": "of the synod of Leinster.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00447-00135185-00135492": "It was manifested to Bishop Ivar,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00448-00135492-00135824": "who was at the assembly, that Mary the Virgin would", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00449-00135824-00136040": "come to the assembly.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00450-00136040-00136298": "Brigid went to the assembly and on seeing her,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00451-00136298-00136703": "the bishop declared, 'But this is the Mary whom I beheld.'", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00452-00136703-00136982": "And the whole host blessed Saint Brigid,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00453-00136982-00137390": "wherefore she was henceforth called Mary of the Gaels.\"", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00454-00138017-00138156": "[LATIN CHANTING]", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00455-00149434-00149720": "So the categories of miracles that we've", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00456-00149720-00149980": "discussed-- the miracles of healing,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00457-00149980-00150247": "and protection, and hospitality-- as I said,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00458-00150247-00150571": "these are quite common across medieval sources.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00459-00150571-00150745": "But there are other miracles, which", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00460-00150745-00151145": "are actually quite distinctive to the Irish tradition.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00461-00151145-00151390": "One of these is the sets of miracles", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00462-00151390-00151768": "around the transition between the pre-Christian", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00463-00151768-00152053": "and the Christian world.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00464-00152053-00152364": "The first very often to recognize a saint", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00465-00152364-00152651": "were the druids of the old faith.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00466-00152651-00152980": "We are told that Saint Senán's parents, for example,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00467-00152980-00153400": "a humble peasant couple passed by a gathering of druids.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00468-00153400-00153640": "When one of the druids stands up to give them homage,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00469-00153640-00153766": "the rest of the druids laugh.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00470-00153766-00153985": "But he replies it is the child that", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00471-00153985-00154357": "is in the womb to whom I give this homage.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00472-00154357-00154657": "Similarly, St. Brigid's father and his bondswoman", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00473-00154657-00154945": "drive past the druid's house on their chariot.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00474-00154945-00155245": "And a druid declares, \"Marvelous will be the child", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00475-00155245-00155470": "that is in that womb.\"", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00476-00155470-00155816": "As a baby, Brigid refuses to eat any of the druid's food,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00477-00155816-00156163": "so he sets aside a red-eared cow who is only milked", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00478-00156163-00156379": "by a faithful Christian woman.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00479-00156379-00156628": "And this milk is the only food we are told that the child", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00480-00156628-00156885": "Brigid will consume.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00481-00156885-00157159": "At the baptism of Brendan, three purple fish", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00482-00157159-00157417": "jump out of a well, reminiscent, of course,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00483-00157417-00157720": "of the purple spots on the belly of the salmon that", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00484-00157720-00158268": "has consumed the hazelnuts of wisdom at Connla's Well.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00485-00158268-00158527": "The sacred trees of pre-Christian Ireland,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00486-00158527-00158851": "the oaks, the rowan, the hazel, and the holly", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00487-00158851-00159139": "appear as well in many of the miracles.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00488-00159139-00159361": "A man presumes to take some of the bark", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00489-00159361-00159573": "from the great oak under which Columcille", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00490-00159573-00159727": "used to take shelter.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00491-00159727-00159922": "And he is struck with leprosy in a tale", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00492-00159922-00160303": "similar to the fates meted out to those who dare to interfere", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00493-00160303-00160489": "with the fairy trees.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00494-00160489-00160885": "When Saint Senán is born, a rod of rowan held by his mother", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00495-00160885-00161205": "burst simultaneously into fruit and flower.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00496-00161205-00161440": "And when drought comes to Scattery Island,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00497-00161440-00161707": "he thrusts a holly stick into the land", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00498-00161707-00162163": "and a well appears with a full grown holly bush beside it.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00499-00162163-00162304": "It's really interesting, I think,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00500-00162304-00162535": "to note that in this same manuscript", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00501-00162535-00162796": "source, the Book of Lismore, which contains, as we said,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00502-00162796-00163114": "the lives of the saints, the adventures of Marco polo", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00503-00163114-00163381": "but it also contains a part of the Fenian cycle", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00504-00163381-00163726": "called Tales of the Ancients of Ireland.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00505-00163726-00164011": "And it's a story of Cailte and Oisín,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00506-00164011-00164482": "the nephew and the son of Fionn, traveling across Ireland with", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00507-00164482-00164863": "Saint Patrick, telling him the stories of Fionn", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00508-00164863-00165307": "and the Fianna, the old faith literally telling their stories", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00509-00165307-00165469": "to the new.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00510-00165469-00165727": "So I thought we might turn to Patrick and his miracles", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00511-00165727-00166033": "for our next chant.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00512-00166033-00166341": "This is a source known as the Dublin Troper.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00513-00166341-00166582": "And this was produced in the 14th century.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00514-00166582-00166918": "It's particularly associated with St. Patrick's Cathedral", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00515-00166918-00167065": "in Dublin.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00516-00167065-00167362": "It contains, among many other chants,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00517-00167362-00167572": "some of the most beautiful sequences", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00518-00167572-00167866": "that we have to Mary in the Irish tradition and two", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00519-00167866-00168061": "sequences to Saint Patrick.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00520-00168061-00168220": "You can see it's written on parchment.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00521-00168220-00168670": "It's got a beautiful red and blue capital", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00522-00168670-00168850": "decorated flourish there.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00523-00168850-00169117": "I'm going to sing the second of these sequences.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00524-00169117-00169298": "And the melody for it--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00525-00169298-00169480": "if there was such a thing as a chart", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00526-00169480-00169771": "topper in the medieval ages, it would have been this tune.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00527-00169771-00170302": "We find this melody right across all parts", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00528-00170302-00170587": "of Europe in many, many manuscript sources.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00529-00170587-00170857": "The tune is actually most often associated", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00530-00170857-00171079": "with a Christmas hymn.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00531-00171079-00171313": "And it's only in the troper that we find it", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00532-00171313-00171511": "associated with Saint Patrick.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00533-00171511-00172030": "And it's a sequence that is full of the stories of his miracles.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00534-00172030-00172404": "Sequences have two lines of poetry with the same melody,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00535-00172404-00172600": "then another two lines with a different melody,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00536-00172600-00172738": "and so on and so on.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00537-00172738-00172900": "So in this particular one, we hear", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00538-00172900-00173467": "the miracle of the water turned to honey of Saint Patrick.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00539-00173467-00173653": "His mother is looking for some fire.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00540-00173653-00173947": "So as one would, he runs out and grabs some ice", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00541-00173947-00174195": "and transforms it into flames.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00542-00174195-00174571": "There is the miracle of the thief who stole a goat", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00543-00174571-00174674": "and ate it.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00544-00174674-00174873": "And when Patrick asked where the goat was,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00545-00174873-00175003": "of course, the thief denied it.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00546-00175003-00175162": "But the goat bleats from the stomach", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00547-00175162-00175601": "and reveals his true fault. And then, of course,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00548-00175601-00175955": "the story of Patrick banishing the snakes from Ireland.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00549-00175955-00176273": "So I thought I might give this one a try.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00550-00176273-00176567": "I'm just going to get a small little water there.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00551-00176567-00177124": "Laetabundus... There's a myriad of Irish sing aloud", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00552-00177124-00177480": "or the joyous hosts of Ireland sing aloud.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00553-00178325-00178438": "[LATIN CHANTING]", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00554-00197259-00197689": "Jump in anytime, if you've got any questions or comments.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00555-00197689-00197911": "So one of the other.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00556-00197911-00198417": "I think, really, really fascinating and distinctive", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00557-00198417-00198948": "aspects of the Irish miracles is their relationship with nature.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00558-00198948-00199203": "Again, this is in contrast to a lot", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00559-00199203-00199446": "of the continental literature, which", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00560-00199446-00199833": "frequently portrays the natural world as the devil's", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00561-00199833-00199956": "playground.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00562-00199956-00200226": "Nature, especially, the nature of the flesh,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00563-00200226-00200449": "was to be rejected.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00564-00200449-00200742": "But the Irish saints have an affinity with nature.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00565-00200742-00201051": "And a distinguishing feature of the Irish miracles", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00566-00201051-00201510": "are, for example, miracles associated with animals.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00567-00201510-00201711": "So one day, Patrick is herding his sheep", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00568-00201711-00201927": "and a wolf comes and takes one.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00569-00201927-00202257": "His mother-- there's a lot of Patrick's mother in these", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00570-00202257-00202344": "miracles--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00571-00202344-00202503": "she laments the loss of the sheep.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00572-00202503-00202713": "And the next morning at Patrick's request,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00573-00202713-00203151": "the wolf appears and brings the sheep back unharmed.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00574-00203151-00203469": "One time Saint Brigid is boiling five pieces", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00575-00203469-00203851": "of bacon for her guests when a miserable, hungry hound", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00576-00203851-00203901": "appears.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00577-00203901-00204304": "And moved by pity, Brigid gives him two of the pieces of bacon.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00578-00204304-00204625": "But when the guests arrive, the five are there.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00579-00204625-00205017": "Saint Ciarán was regularly visited by a stag who allowed", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00580-00205017-00205428": "him to use his antlers for his book when he was studying", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00581-00205428-00205528": "and praying.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00582-00205528-00205879": "Wild ducks follow Saint Colman wherever he goes.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00583-00205879-00206198": "Saint Gall's most steadfast companion is a bear.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00584-00206198-00206423": "Columbanus, we are told, frolicked", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00585-00206423-00206733": "with the birds and the squirrels around his shoulder", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00586-00206733-00206987": "and hidden in his cowl.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00587-00206987-00207456": "Columcille sat down at the side of the road at the age of 77", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00588-00207456-00207858": "and told his companion Dermott that he would die that Sunday,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00589-00207858-00208278": "whereupon his horse burst into tears.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00590-00208278-00208629": "And of course, Columcille's name is most often", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00591-00208629-00208836": "associated with the dove of peace.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00592-00208836-00209168": "And we can see that as well in his iconography.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00593-00209168-00209406": "This next chant, again, is a very beautiful one, I think.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00594-00209406-00209754": "And it's from a Scottish source, the Inchcolm Antiphoner,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00595-00209754-00210075": "a 14th century manuscript which has", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00596-00210075-00210426": "many chants to Saint Columba.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00597-00210426-00210708": "With Patrick and Brigid, Columcille", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00598-00210708-00211117": "was considered one of the three great patron Saint of Ireland.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00599-00211117-00211281": "Of course, though highly disputed now,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00600-00211281-00211689": "Saint Patrick's grave was said to be at Down Cathedral.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00601-00211689-00211863": "And by the early medieval period,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00602-00211863-00212348": "the tradition had developed that Columcille and Brigid were also", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00603-00212348-00212723": "buried in the same place, giving rise to the well-known couplet", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00604-00212723-00213156": "\"In Down, three saints one grave do fill, Patrick, Brigid,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00605-00213156-00213450": "and Columcille.\"", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00606-00213450-00213567": "This is a lovely chant.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00607-00213567-00214152": "This chant says that God wishing to calm the laments of humans,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00608-00214152-00214506": "coaxed Columcille out of his cave to sing.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00609-00214506-00215055": "And the dove brings the olive branch of peace.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00610-00215055-00215483": "Let me see-- can we give this one a try?", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00611-00215820-00216785": "Volens...", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00612-00216785-00216949": "[LATIN CHANTING]", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00613-00230190-00230454": "I mentioned Patrick and his mother.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00614-00230454-00230942": "And another striking feature of the miracles", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00615-00230942-00231173": "of the Irish saints are actually miracles", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00616-00231173-00231396": "associated with mothers.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00617-00231396-00231666": "And this is, I think, a really intriguing aspect", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00618-00231666-00232155": "of early Irish Christianity illustrated, I think,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00619-00232155-00232365": "in this image from the Book of Kells.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00620-00232365-00232857": "The relationship between Mary as mother and child", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00621-00232857-00233448": "is a very strong motif in early medieval Irish spirituality.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00622-00233448-00233616": "We find this, of course, concurrently", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00623-00233616-00233871": "in Eastern sources, but it's noticeably", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00624-00233871-00234126": "absent in the Western church at this period", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00625-00234126-00234417": "where most of the iconography and the visual art", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00626-00234417-00234856": "is about Mary the Virgin or Mary the Queen.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00627-00234856-00235290": "And so ubiquitous did images of the mother and child become", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00628-00235290-00235614": "in late medieval art, that it's very difficult for us", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00629-00235614-00235848": "to appreciate how novel they were", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00630-00235848-00236211": "in the early medieval period in the Western church.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00631-00236211-00236496": "There's only one surviving Western book", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00632-00236496-00236846": "that contains an image from this period of the mother", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00633-00236846-00237261": "and child that is not part of a larger nativity scene.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00634-00237261-00237440": "And it's the Book of Kells.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00635-00237440-00237644": "And the importance of this relationship, I think,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00636-00237644-00237834": "is mirrored in lots of the examples", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00637-00237834-00238209": "we have of the miracles of the Irish saints.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00638-00238209-00238533": "We are told that st. Patrick conducted his first miracle", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00639-00238533-00238719": "in his mother's womb.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00640-00238719-00239025": "A son of the King of Britain came to visit his mother", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00641-00239025-00239328": "and she offered him hospitality by washing his feet", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00642-00239328-00239604": "and entertaining him, whereupon his wife became", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00643-00239604-00239907": "jealous and gave poison to Patrick's mother.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00644-00239907-00240142": "The baby in the womb seizes the poison,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00645-00240142-00240621": "makes a stone out of it, and is born with a stone in his hand.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00646-00240621-00240855": "Columcille's mother was the first to have", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00647-00240855-00241137": "a vision of his Greatness while he was still in the womb,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00648-00241137-00241365": "she has a dream that she is given a mantle", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00649-00241365-00241587": "of every radiance and hue.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00650-00241587-00241911": "But it's taken from her by a young man in her dream.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00651-00241911-00242198": "But the man tells her not to grieve", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00652-00242198-00242625": "for this means that her son will fill Ireland", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00653-00242625-00242942": "and Scotland with his teaching.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00654-00242942-00243234": "Brigid's mother was told that her daughter would be born", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00655-00243234-00243462": "between one world and the next.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00656-00243462-00243717": "One morning she goes out at sunrise with a vessel", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00657-00243717-00243876": "full of milk in her hand.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00658-00243876-00244227": "She puts one of her feet across the threshold", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00659-00244227-00244554": "and gives birth to her daughter, neither within the house", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00660-00244554-00244785": "or without, and then washes the child", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00661-00244785-00245028": "with the milk that is still in the mother's hand.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00662-00245028-00245187": "Quite a feat.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00663-00245187-00245475": "Brendan's mother has a vision that her breasts", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00664-00245475-00245710": "are full of gold and shine like the sun.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00665-00245710-00245940": "And the bishop tells her this means she will give birth", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00666-00245940-00246081": "to a great son.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00667-00246081-00246381": "Patrick, himself, prophesies the birth of Saint Senán", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00668-00246381-00246687": "to Senán's mother telling him that her son will be", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00669-00246687-00247032": "the Patrick of his people.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00670-00247032-00247521": "These familial images bring me to my penultimate chant", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00671-00247521-00247671": "that I want to share with you today.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00672-00247671-00248048": "It's one of my favorite chants about family and also", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00673-00248048-00248202": "about education.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00674-00248202-00248436": "So I think it's a fitting one for tonight.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00675-00248436-00248640": "Most of the Saints lives that I've", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00676-00248640-00248838": "talked about are those stories I've", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00677-00248838-00249264": "taken from the lives of saints from the Book of Lismore.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00678-00249264-00249521": "And most of the lives in that manuscript", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00679-00249521-00249719": "are from saints who lived in Ireland--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00680-00249719-00249966": "Patrick, and Brigid, and Brendan, and Ciarán,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00681-00249966-00250080": "and Columcille.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00682-00250080-00250346": "But I wanted to include a chant from at least one", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00683-00250346-00250704": "of the medieval Irish saints who established monasteries", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00684-00250704-00250980": "across Europe, because we have so many beautiful chants", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00685-00250980-00251232": "from those sources as well.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00686-00251232-00251517": "The most famous of these, of course, is the Monk Columbanus.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00687-00251790-00252108": "And the story from his life-- this is from a hagiography", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00688-00252108-00252369": "from very early ones, about 640 by a man", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00689-00252369-00252726": "called Jonas of Bobbio I included this image", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00690-00252726-00252939": "because this was the international stamp that you", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00691-00252939-00253431": "might have got on your letters from Ireland in 2015", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00692-00253431-00253629": "commemorating his death.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00693-00253629-00253836": "And Columbanus, of course, is associated", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00694-00253836-00254148": "with one of the earliest manuscripts, the Antiphonary", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00695-00254148-00254382": "of Bangor, that gives us information", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00696-00254382-00254715": "about the Celtic liturgy.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00697-00254715-00254919": "One of Columbanus' great companions", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00698-00254919-00255513": "was Saint Gall after which St. Gallen in Switzerland is named.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00699-00255513-00255813": "And this chant tells the story of when", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00700-00255813-00256398": "Saint Gall's parents bring him to Columbanus to be educated.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00701-00256398-00256661": "There you can see Gall and Columbanus there", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00702-00256661-00256748": "in their little boat.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00703-00256748-00257139": "And it says, \"The parents entrusted their brilliant son", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00704-00257139-00257436": "in the prime of his life to Columbanus.\"", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00705-00257436-00257694": "I think it captures the love of Gall's parents", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00706-00257694-00258248": "and also the role played by Columbanus as his mentor.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00707-00258248-00258357": "Parentes vero beati galle", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00708-00258744-00258840": "Give this one a try.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00709-00259710-00259888": "[LATIN CHANTING]", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00710-00274608-00274986": "There are enough miracles recorded from the Irish saints", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00711-00274986-00275340": "to fill several evenings of stories and chants,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00712-00275340-00275589": "but even, I think, the small few that we've", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00713-00275589-00275859": "been able to share here this evening", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00714-00275859-00276309": "shed a light on the values of the societies who recorded", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00715-00276309-00276534": "these events as wonders.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00716-00276534-00276870": "The actions that are held in high enough esteem", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00717-00276870-00277203": "to be recorded as miracles are acts", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00718-00277203-00277536": "of hospitality, especially to the needy,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00719-00277536-00277926": "an affinity with nature, its flora and its fauna,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00720-00277926-00278250": "and the human relationships of the family.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00721-00278250-00278487": "These are the acts of wonder which", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00722-00278487-00278979": "have come down to us from that time in story and in song", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00723-00278979-00279237": "and, perhaps, inspire us to wonder", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00724-00279237-00279513": "about the values of our own time.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00725-00279513-00279957": "What counts as the miraculous and the wonderful?", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00726-00279957-00280323": "So I thought I might finish tonight with what is probably", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00727-00280323-00280710": "one of the oldest chants that has survived extant", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00728-00280710-00280813": "from medieval Ireland.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00729-00280813-00281040": "This is a chant called Ibunt sancti", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00730-00281040-00281472": "which is preserved in a 13th century French manuscript.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00731-00281472-00281744": "It's a text of a song of the Monk Theobald of Bobbio", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00732-00281744-00281875": "who sings it on his death bed.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00733-00281875-00282144": "And it's recorded in the life of Columbanus.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00734-00282144-00282627": "And when I did my little tour with Beth this afternoon,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00735-00282627-00282885": "I just was--", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00736-00282885-00283545": "the wonder of Patrick, Brigid, Columcille, Brendan,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00737-00283545-00283950": "going forth in virtue from virtue to virtue", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00738-00283950-00284262": "to be seen in Zion, I had two run home and change my slides", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00739-00284262-00284532": "and add this one, because I thought it was marvelous.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00740-00284532-00284898": "So if it's OK, I'll just read the text", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00741-00284898-00285120": "from the Life of Columbanus and then maybe we'll", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00742-00285120-00285537": "finish with this chant.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00743-00285537-00285733": "Ibunt sancti.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00744-00286565-00286838": "\"When he had said farewell to everyone,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00745-00286838-00287207": "he himself began to sing the antiphon,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00746-00287207-00287519": "'The saints will go from virtue to virtue,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00747-00287519-00288023": "the God of Gods shall be seen in Zion.'", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00748-00288023-00288488": "Once the melody of the antiphon was finished, happily,", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00749-00288488-00289026": "and with every pleasantness, he returned his soul to his giver", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00750-00289026-00289283": "so that we who were standing by were", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00751-00289283-00289574": "given to understand clearly that he", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00752-00289574-00290019": "was filled with joy by the glory of what he had seen.\"", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00753-00291391-00291514": "[LATIN CHANTING]", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00754-00299698-00299758": "Thank you.", "qqmAUo2dtrY-00755-00299758-00300033": "[APPLAUSE]"}}, {"audio_id": "qqxw4UGosH8", "text": {"qqxw4UGosH8-00000-00000397-00000849": "Hello, this is Loredana from Kuip and you are watching the ‘Basic Features’ video", "qqxw4UGosH8-00001-00000849-00001108": "from the ‘Forms Plugin’ series.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00002-00001108-00001685": "You are watching a proof-of-concept demo, that offers a technical solution for the need", "qqxw4UGosH8-00003-00001685-00002399": "to have a form, or questionnaire creation and management tool based on controlled vocabularies.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00004-00002399-00003040": "This Meteor.Js Kuip Plugin has an administration panel where you can easily create forms.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00005-00003040-00003421": "For more details on this, check out our ‘Forms Creation’ video.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00006-00003421-00003949": "Data from each of these forms is stored in a separate Mongo Collection.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00007-00003949-00004417": "This is very important when you want to share data gathered from a single form or you want", "qqxw4UGosH8-00008-00004417-00004808": "to grant special permissions to a user just for that data.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00009-00004808-00005444": "Let us see the live form, for inserting new records.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00010-00005444-00006099": "These SVG-based concept selectors are interfaces for the controlled vocabulary we are using,", "qqxw4UGosH8-00011-00006099-00008079": "which is SNOMED.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00012-00008079-00008718": "The actually produce the code of the concept and if I make the hidden input fields visible,", "qqxw4UGosH8-00013-00008718-00008986": "we can see them.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00014-00008986-00009603": "For more details about how they work, check out our ‘Concept Choosing’ video.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00015-00009603-00011183": "I will fill out the form and submit it.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00016-00011183-00012207": "If we go back to our data table, we can see the newly inserted record and edit it if we", "qqxw4UGosH8-00017-00012207-00012326": "want.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00018-00012326-00013099": "This time, the our choices appear selected.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00019-00013099-00015404": "I can do a change and submit again.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00020-00015404-00016216": "Our Concept Label interface helper shows us the term in the language we have chosen.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00021-00016216-00016974": "As I said, the actual data that gets inserted in the database, contains only concept codes.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00022-00016974-00017484": "For more information about our Plugins or other Semantic Web tools, feel free to browse", "qqxw4UGosH8-00023-00017484-00017631": "through our other demos.", "qqxw4UGosH8-00024-00017631-00017733": "Thank you for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "qqKH-aLuCUU", "text": {"qqKH-aLuCUU-00000-00001040-00001180": "I am Karen Cangiolosi, director for RLOE.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00001-00001180-00001320": "if you don'trecognize me from the Zooms.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00002-00001390-00001578": "It's so great to see people in person.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00003-00001578-00001901": "We're justreally excited that everybody is here.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00004-00001920-00002038": "Good morning.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00005-00002038-00002439": "Thank you for answering Becky. Good morning everybody.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00006-00002443-00002694": "We're all about community in RLOE.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00007-00002717-00002987": "And we're allabout networking in RLOE.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00008-00002987-00003297": "So we're gonna take the first 15 minutes to get up,", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00009-00003297-00003421": "walk around,mingle,", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00010-00003430-00003651": "and play games. They look like this.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00011-00003651-00003898": "With the bingo card on the back", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00012-00004564-00004846": "Many of you will recognize our students", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00013-00004846-00005110": "that havebeen part of the RLOE network from the beginning.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00014-00005112-00005416": "One of the things we often talk about in our work in higher education", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00015-00005416-00005569": "is putting students at the center.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00016-00005569-00005816": "And a lot of people say that.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00017-00005826-00005966": "And so we're trying to really think", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00018-00005966-00006098": "about how we do that authentically.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00019-00006544-00007023": "Diplomas have become a representationof one's worth in society.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00020-00007023-00007234": "But for poor people and people of color", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00021-00007234-00007536": "much ofour worth has already been determined by society.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00022-00007648-00007989": "A lot of colleges went back to the gradingoption.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00023-00007989-00008376": "Basically after return and the pandemic is still not over.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00024-00008376-00008717": "But a lot of colleges and society just moved on.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00025-00008725-00009077": "And I felt that a lot of students were being left behind.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00026-00009077-00009334": "As we've seen somany Black lives taken from this earth,", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00027-00009334-00009558": "this poem reminded me of their dreams.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00028-00009558-00009773": "Theirhopes. Their loss.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00029-00009802-00010004": "Is the importance of the American dream", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00030-00010004-00010223": "to only emphasize what it means to be American?", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00031-00010223-00010401": "Or isit about the dreamer?", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00032-00010401-00010626": "This poem impressed upon me", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00033-00010630-00010907": "the privilege that it is to be able to dream", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00034-00010907-00011063": "and continue dreaming.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00035-00011063-00011265": "The way that our society has constructed institutions", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00036-00011274-00011513": "designed to deterblack dreamers", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00037-00011513-00011756": "is the dried up raisin in the sun.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00038-00012730-00013066": "We talked about this whole idea of sustainability,", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00039-00013066-00013473": "trying to make the the case for our utilizing OER.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00040-00013473-00013800": "So if you look at it from a long-term perspective", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00041-00013800-00014136": "being able to show like the return on investment.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00042-00014136-00014285": "How OER has supported retention.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00043-00014355-00014500": "But that is still a cost?", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00044-00014500-00014550": "And it's still a barrier    for many of our students.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00045-00014550-00014887": "The all inclusive option just goes into their tuition.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00046-00014887-00015178": "and so about the 90 of students who have", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00047-00015178-00015294": "the financial aid", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00048-00015294-00015505": "don't actually ever see that.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00049-00015505-00015777": "It's been so amazing to reconnect with", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00050-00015777-00016065": "colleagues from around North America.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00051-00016065-00016332": "And engage insuch important conversations", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00052-00016332-00016612": "about how to connect with our students.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00053-00016621-00016965": "Whether those are high school students or adult learners.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00054-00016965-00017201": "It's so amazing. It feels so meaningful.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00055-00017201-00017633": "You know it's it's only 40people. But it's 40 people that are so passionate.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00056-00017633-00017790": "And like you said they're,", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00057-00017800-00017891": "from all across NorthAmerica.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00058-00017891-00018062": "Because of that diversity,", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00059-00018071-00018349": "we've been able to really bring in new ideas, different concepts,", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00060-00018349-00018760": "that are then going to enrich each institution's background.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00061-00018760-00018968": "Oh the students were so amazing.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00062-00018968-00019052": "They always have so much to say.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00063-00019052-00019283": "The keynote was really inspiring.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00064-00019283-00019600": "And I love what Millie Gonzalez said at the end there.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00065-00019600-00019795": "The student keynote really pulled", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00066-00019795-00019845": "many things together.", "qqKH-aLuCUU-00067-00019845-00020255": "Many piecestogether in a way that they hadn't seen before."}}, {"audio_id": "qqcmuyL-K8y", "text": {"qqcmuyL-K8y-00000-00000388-00000749": "In this new section we're going to take a look at a field of chemistry known as", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00001-00000749-00001219": "kinetics. This is the study of how fast reactions go. This is known as their rate", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00002-00001219-00001700": "Also what affects how fast they go and what occurs on a molecular level as a", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00003-00001700-00002150": "reaction occurs. In this first video we'll revise some material from year 10:", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00004-00002150-00002624": "what factors can you change about a reaction that will change its rate. So", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00005-00002624-00002927": "think back to year 10 where you had perhaps your first encounter with rates", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00006-00002927-00003232": "of reaction. You may have done some experiments where you varied the", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00007-00003232-00003557": "conditions of reaction and how to look at whether that made the reaction go", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00008-00003557-00004007": "faster or slower. As long as you aren't changing the reaction itself the factors", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00009-00004007-00004436": "that you can play around with are the concentration of a reactant that's in", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00010-00004436-00004976": "solution, the pressure if you've got a gaseous reactant, the temperature of the", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00011-00004976-00005642": "reaction, the surface area if you've got a solid reactant or if you have two", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00012-00005642-00006047": "immiscible liquid reactants. So an oil and a water that need to be shaken up", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00013-00006047-00006550": "together, the surface area between those two has an effect on the rate, and the", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00014-00006550-00006959": "final thing is the presence of a catalyst. We need to note here that", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00015-00006959-00007319": "although in most cases changing things like concentration temperature and so on", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00016-00007319-00007763": "won't actually change what products are being produced, only how fast they're", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00017-00007763-00008156": "being produced. But there are examples where this does happen particularly in", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00018-00008156-00008510": "organic chemistry where unwanted side reactions can occur if you don't get the", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00019-00008510-00008969": "reaction conditions just right. A classic example of a change in products that's", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00020-00008969-00009401": "easy to replicate in the lab is the reaction between copper and nitric acid,", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00021-00009401-00009943": "not an organic reaction this one. If you add some copper to dilute nitric acid", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00022-00009943-00010310": "one molar for example, then you get copper nitrate produced along with", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00023-00010310-00011003": "nitrogen monoxide gas and water, nitrogen monoxide is colorless. But if you add the", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00024-00011003-00011440": "copper to concentrated nitric acid, 15 molar say, then the stoichiometry is", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00025-00011440-00011909": "different and we get nitrogen dioxide gas as a product, this is a brown toxic", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00026-00011909-00012307": "gas and this is what you can see in the picture here from the Royal Society of", "qqcmuyL-K8y-00027-00012307-00012934": "Chemistry the brown nitrogen dioxide gas coming off from the solution."}}, {"audio_id": "qr2S4Uc-QkI", "text": {"qr2S4Uc-QkI-00000-00000566-00000702": "- I'm Annelies.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00001-00000702-00000840": "- I'm Anneloes.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00002-00000840-00001022": "- And we're from the Netherlands", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00003-00001074-00001274": "[♫]", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00004-00001944-00002120": "- Well I kind of came last minute.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00005-00002121-00002313": "I wasn't sure what I wanted to study.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00006-00002313-00002960": "I looked at all the Dutch universities but there wasn't really anything that stood out.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00007-00002960-00003519": "So I decided to take a Gap Year to find my passion, and I did.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00008-00003519-00003619": "So that's kind of why I came.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00009-00003619-00004219": "It turned out that I really like business, and the reality of it, it's really real and", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00010-00004219-00004624": "tangible and you can actually do something with it--something real.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00011-00004624-00004871": "- Well I already knew that I wanted to take a Gap Year.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00012-00004872-00005284": "I wanted to have a break from the Netherlands and explore.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00013-00005284-00005848": "And I just was looking on the Internet and Green River came across.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00014-00005848-00006364": "And it had a really good international program, so that was also really appealing because", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00015-00006364-00006780": "I did want to have some more help when I came here.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00016-00006780-00007104": "- Yeah, it's like the Welcome program and everything that they picked you up from the", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00017-00007104-00007316": "airport and stuff like that really helped.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00018-00007316-00007584": "Because it was like an extra push to come here.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00019-00007584-00007706": "- Definitely.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00020-00008002-00008118": "- We came on the same flight.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00021-00008118-00008218": "- Yeah!", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00022-00008218-00008472": "- She talked a lot on the airplane though.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00023-00008472-00008786": "- I couldn't sleep, ok?", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00024-00008786-00009102": "I want to know more about her, so I was just talking all the time.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00025-00009102-00009728": "We were like, oh, we want to be together so we have something familiar from home.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00026-00010080-00010224": "- It's fun, actually.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00027-00010224-00010326": "- Yeah, I like it.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00028-00010326-00010682": "- You have a lot of international students, but also some American students.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00029-00010682-00011080": "So you have this combination of, like a lot of diversity.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00030-00011080-00011180": "- Yeah.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00031-00011180-00011490": "Well there are more international than Americans, though.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00032-00011490-00011576": "A lot of internationals.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00033-00011576-00011712": "- True, true.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00034-00012214-00012624": "- I'm going to start studying architecture.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00035-00012624-00013178": "And I kind of knew already before I came here that I want to do something in that direction.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00036-00013179-00013756": "And when I came here and I started doing more art--I took all art classes--it was like,", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00037-00013756-00014138": "yeah, I think I'm sure I want to take architecture.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00038-00014628-00014688": "- Definitely.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00039-00014688-00014769": "- Definitely recommend it.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00040-00014769-00014868": "- Yeah.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00041-00014868-00015286": "- I think a Gap Year is a way to kind of find yourself.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00042-00015286-00015758": "Even though I kind of already knew who I was and that kind of thing, it's more, you kind", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00043-00015758-00016206": "of grow up and you become independent and you have these amazing experiences because", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00044-00016207-00016327": "you're out of your comfort zone.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00045-00016327-00016842": "- And of course you get friends from all over the world, so later we can just travel,", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00046-00016842-00017150": "do Asia, and just-- - Have a place to stay.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00047-00017150-00017224": "- Yeah.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00048-00017224-00017434": "Only have to pay for the flight.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00049-00017928-00018298": "- Well we don't really have just one--it's just the total of it.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00050-00018299-00018453": "- I think it's all the little things.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00051-00018453-00018502": "- Yeah.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00052-00018502-00019196": "- It's like, we have a base of friends that are from everywhere over the world.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00053-00019196-00019716": "And to kind of have their kind of food, and to do those things that they usually do is", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00054-00019717-00019817": "really fun.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00055-00019817-00019984": "And also the activities.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00056-00019984-00020700": "I know, I went to a Portland basketball game, which was just like on random impulse--", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00057-00020700-00020820": "it was the best thing.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00058-00020820-00020898": "- Yeah.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00059-00020898-00021076": "- And those things--we usually do those things.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00060-00021076-00021334": "So that's what makes it really fun.", "qr2S4Uc-QkI-00061-00021334-00021568": "[♫]"}}, {"audio_id": "qr4GEm4I_IM", "text": {"qr4GEm4I_IM-00000-00000008-00000476": "I interview a lot of moms and one thing I hear over and over from them is they", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00001-00000476-00000966": "have a hard time figuring out a way to fit in exercise and getting motivated to", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00002-00000966-00001434": "do it so I'm going to tell you how to get motivated to exercise and make it a", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00003-00001434-00002501": "part of your regular routine I'm Diane Moca welcome to working mom warrior my", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00004-00002501-00002991": "channel working mom warrior is to help moms by giving you a little glimpse into", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00005-00002991-00003453": "the ups downs and hacks that moms like me and lots of other moms share that's", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00006-00003453-00003834": "my youtube channel and this is my new vlog that I'm going to try to do", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00007-00003834-00004337": "regularly I'm going to open myself up and give a glimpse into the things that", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00008-00004337-00004800": "have worked for me and the thing I want to talk about today is exercise I don't", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00009-00004800-00005085": "even think of it as exercise it's something that's been part of my life", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00010-00005085-00005553": "for as long as I can remember and that's bike riding and the number one reason", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00011-00005553-00006201": "that I exercise on a regular basis is because I love to bike ride nobody asked", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00012-00006201-00006525": "me have you exercised today but everyone in my family is like did you get your", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00013-00006525-00006861": "ride in did you get on your bike today because everyone knows how important", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00014-00006861-00007386": "that is to me it's it serves a lot of purposes in my life so first of all one", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00015-00007386-00007743": "of the things that it does of course is it helps keep me healthy I feel like I'm", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00016-00007743-00008250": "getting exercise I'm getting the blood flowing so whenever I ride I do try to", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00017-00008250-00008736": "ride for at least about anywhere from a half hour to usually an hour but one", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00018-00008736-00009021": "thing that's different about my right every day is what I'm listening to", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00019-00009021-00009468": "so I take care of two things while I'm riding when I ride I put on headphones", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00020-00009468-00009984": "and I listen to either an audio book or a podcast usually an audio book because", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00021-00009984-00010335": "an audio book is something that's ongoing and I want to hear if I'm", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00022-00010335-00010713": "listening to a book that I really like then I want to hear the next chapter in", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00023-00010713-00011072": "the next chapter now some people are into fiction and that's fine I listen to", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00024-00011072-00011468": "a lot of nonfiction almost primarily a lot of the things I listen to our", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00025-00011468-00011886": "motivational there things that help me with something I'm working on in my life", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00026-00011886-00012335": "just anything that in fires me that gives me a glimpse into", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00027-00012335-00012809": "another person's life especially someone that may have things going on like I do", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00028-00012809-00013213": "like a working mom and that's why I started my YouTube channel and that's", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00029-00013213-00013616": "another reason that I look forward to my bike ride as I feel that after I'm done", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00030-00013616-00014012": "even though I may be a little tired I'm inspired to kind of keep going for my", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00031-00014012-00014633": "day it's definitely a good mental health break I bike ride because not just is it", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00032-00014633-00014984": "good for me physically but it's definitely good for me mentally it's a", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00033-00014984-00015425": "chance to just check out have my own time usually an hour when I can listen", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00034-00015425-00015815": "to a book that I want when I can ride through nature I love riding through the", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00035-00015815-00016445": "forest preserves when I can be outside I love feeling the sunshine but even on a", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00036-00016445-00016868": "cloudy day or sometimes even a day when there's a little bit of rain threatening", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00037-00016868-00017210": "I'll get out on my bike I won't usually go out if it's raining", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00038-00017210-00017603": "but if there's maybe the threat of rain or I think I can get my ride in before", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00039-00017603-00017920": "it rains and I happen to get rained on before I get back that's okay", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00040-00017920-00018215": "occasionally I've been caught in thunderstorms and then I may call for a", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00041-00018215-00018698": "ride but getting a little wet no big deal so the number one reason that I", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00042-00018698-00019301": "exercise regularly is I look forward to it it's something I enjoy and for years", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00043-00019301-00019706": "I've been saying I'm gonna go to a gym I'm gonna start working out with weights", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00044-00019706-00020141": "I'm gonna start doing these other things I'm gonna go to classes regularly and I", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00045-00020141-00020525": "never get to those things because I'm not really looking forward to them as", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00046-00020525-00020935": "much as I am to my bike ride in fact I'm not really looking forward to them at", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00047-00020935-00021320": "all I'm thinking of them as something I should do something that's good for me", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00048-00021320-00021672": "my bike ride I don't think about it I think of that", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00049-00021672-00022086": "I'm looking forward to I'm bummed on a day I don't get out on my bike and I do", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00050-00022086-00022533": "live in the Chicago area so during the winter it's hard I would say from about", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00051-00022533-00023079": "November till about March I may be out on my bike once every week or two and", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00052-00023079-00023580": "maybe not for even a month or two at a time because if it's below 40 degrees I", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00053-00023580-00023979": "don't go out on my bike maybe that's wimpy to some hardcore cyclists but", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00054-00023979-00024417": "that's me and for years I've been saying okay then I will just get on a", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00055-00024417-00024828": "stationary bike I have an old stationary bike I got it for free it's not very", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00056-00024828-00025431": "good but it's the same idea right get on the seat pedal listen to my books but", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00057-00025431-00025920": "it's not the same to me there's one very big reason why it's not the same to me", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00058-00025920-00026508": "and that's because there's no deadline one of the main reasons I get on my bike", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00059-00026508-00026931": "every day is because I'm constantly looking and seeing how late is it in the", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00060-00026931-00027414": "day what time is sunset today okay in the summer that's great because it's not", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00061-00027414-00027825": "sunset until 8:00 8:30 9 I do not want to be riding at night it's not pleasant", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00062-00027825-00028155": "to me it's not safe I don't want to be riding at night so I want to write", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00063-00028155-00028560": "during the day and I am NOT a morning person and usually when my day starts", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00064-00028560-00028944": "I'm just like up and running a lot of times I'm sitting at my desk I work from", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00065-00028944-00029307": "home and I'm working before I even have a chance to put my clothes on I'm still", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00066-00029307-00029580": "in my pajamas I try not to do that but sometimes I do", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00067-00029580-00030105": "and so bike riding is something that I know there is a specific deadline sunset", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00068-00030105-00030510": "and I've got to get on my bike before it's sunset and I want to get my full", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00069-00030510-00030933": "ride in my full hour so I'm always pushing it pushing it pushing it I", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00070-00030933-00031254": "should take my break now I usually start about three o'clock thinking about my", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00071-00031254-00031587": "ride okay I've been working for a long time I could take a break and I can come", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00072-00031587-00031830": "back and do more work but I just want to finish up this thing and this thing and", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00073-00031830-00032091": "this thing and then the phone rings and then an email comes in and then oh my", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00074-00032091-00032372": "gosh I have to get this done before the end of the day and I can't do it after", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00075-00032372-00032685": "my right I have to do it now so yes there's a lot of things that interfere", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00076-00032685-00033162": "but as the day is going on and on and of course it's better in the in the spring", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00077-00033162-00033594": "and in the summer when it's not getting dark so early in the fall I have a", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00078-00033594-00034068": "problem but I do make sure I get out there before it gets dark so I would", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00079-00034068-00034411": "recommend to you if you want to have something that", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00080-00034411-00034875": "you're going to do regularly that's good for you that's exercise find something", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00081-00034875-00035347": "you like that you really look forward to like really like not just oh I know this", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00082-00035347-00035797": "is good for me but I really enjoy this and it may take you trying a lot of", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00083-00035797-00036178": "different things but try different things until you find something that you", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00084-00036178-00036606": "say oh this is awesome this is as good as sitting down with a", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00085-00036606-00037009": "friend and having a glass of wine this is as good as date night with my husband", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00086-00037009-00037575": "this is as good as a lazy Saturday with my kids or we can go out and hang out at", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00087-00037575-00038109": "the pool something that you look forward to that you don't want to miss and you", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00088-00038109-00038644": "will force yourself to stop what you're doing and get out now if your kids are", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00089-00038644-00038916": "younger and you're the one that's in charge of taking care of them and", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00090-00038916-00039297": "there's nobody else that can it is kind of tricky you don't really want to pay", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00091-00039297-00039646": "somebody to watch your kids while you go bike ride but I had a trailer attached", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00092-00039646-00040186": "to my bike and so for years I would just pull my kids along on my ride so not", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00093-00040186-00040594": "that you're gonna do what I do so there are places out there where you can bring", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00094-00040594-00041013": "your kids and put them in the gym daycare while you go and workout it", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00095-00041013-00041383": "doesn't matter what your workout is if it's so if it's walking around your", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00096-00041383-00041815": "neighborhood if it's walking around the mall because you like seeing the latest", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00097-00041815-00042430": "styles if it's going to a exercise class if it's working out with somebody maybe", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00098-00042430-00043036": "it's finding a trainer that you really like and you want to see more and you're", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00099-00043036-00043416": "single and this is a great way to see them who knows what the reason is but", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00100-00043416-00044025": "find something that you look forward to and then give yourself a deadline if you", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00101-00044025-00044494": "have a class that you know starts at a certain time you're just gonna have to", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00102-00044494-00044887": "quit work at 5 o'clock to get to that 6 o'clock class because you know there's", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00103-00044887-00045288": "gonna be trappin and you know you got to change so find something with a deadline", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00104-00045288-00045687": "rather than just I'm going to go to the gym today or I'm gonna go to the gym", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00105-00045687-00046159": "later on or I'm gonna go to the gym tomorrow it's too easy to keep putting", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00106-00046159-00046671": "off so that's my tip for exercising regularly we all have different hacks", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00107-00046671-00047050": "that have worked for us and I'm so interested to talk to other moms and", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00108-00047050-00047391": "find out what their hacks are and share with you some of mine", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00109-00047391-00047772": "that's the point of my channel so subscribe to working mom warrior click", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00110-00047772-00048210": "the red subscribe button click on the next video to get more inspiration and", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00111-00048210-00048627": "information about how to make your life better as a working mom because", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00112-00048627-00048978": "everything that you're doing is so important and I look forward to seeing", "qr4GEm4I_IM-00113-00048978-00049232": "you next time"}}, {"audio_id": "qruwOLhmzhM", "text": {"qruwOLhmzhM-00000-00001066-00001576": "California Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon Admits Bashing Trump Is Getting Old.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00001-00001576-00002134": "California state Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, a Democrat, has made an announcement", "qruwOLhmzhM-00002-00002134-00002623": "about President Donald Trump that seems to go against everything the liberal agenda currently", "qruwOLhmzhM-00003-00002623-00002778": "stands for.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00004-00002778-00003027": "This is absolutely amazing!", "qruwOLhmzhM-00005-00003027-00003594": "According to the Sacramento Bee, Rendon has a message for Golden State politicians: Stop", "qruwOLhmzhM-00006-00003594-00003776": "trashing Trump.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00007-00003776-00004392": "The article, coverage of a speech Rendon gave to the California Newspaper Publishers Association,", "qruwOLhmzhM-00008-00004392-00004862": "made waves among the Democrat Party because Rendon�s comments come after a recent string", "qruwOLhmzhM-00009-00004862-00005369": "of liberal media outlets doing everything they can to undermine Donald Trump�s legitimate", "qruwOLhmzhM-00010-00005369-00005469": "presidency.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00011-00005469-00005964": "�I�m tired of talking about Donald Trump . . . We�re all doing a great job of talking", "qruwOLhmzhM-00012-00005964-00006437": "about Trump and holding Trump accountable . . . If Hillary Clinton had gotten elected", "qruwOLhmzhM-00013-00006437-00006984": "president of the United States, we would have started the year with 2.5 million children", "qruwOLhmzhM-00014-00006984-00007238": "in California living in poverty.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00015-00007238-00007691": "If Hillary Clinton had been elected president of the United States, we would have started", "qruwOLhmzhM-00016-00007691-00008170": "the year with crumbling roads,� Rendon said in the article published Wednesday.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00017-00008170-00008658": "Rendon�s bold statement does not sit well with his colleagues, who do not see things", "qruwOLhmzhM-00018-00008658-00008869": "the way Rendon does.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00019-00008869-00009520": "Minority Leader Chad Mayes, a Republican from Yucaipa, outside San Bernardino, even took", "qruwOLhmzhM-00020-00009520-00010050": "a cheap shot at Trump commenting in the same article that, �Alternative facts aren�t", "qruwOLhmzhM-00021-00010050-00010150": "acceptable.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00022-00010150-00010561": "Facts are acceptable because the only time you�re able to make decisions is based up", "qruwOLhmzhM-00023-00010561-00010668": "real information.�", "qruwOLhmzhM-00024-00010668-00011113": "However, where is this �real� information coming from?", "qruwOLhmzhM-00025-00011113-00011358": "Certainly not the mainstream media.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00026-00011358-00011840": "Seemingly, fake news is acceptable to the liberals only when it supports and pushes", "qruwOLhmzhM-00027-00011840-00011995": "their agenda.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00028-00011995-00012513": "California state Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de Le�n, a Los Angeles Democrat who", "qruwOLhmzhM-00029-00012513-00012951": "has been in the news recently for admitting half of his family is living in the country", "qruwOLhmzhM-00030-00012951-00013534": "illegally and using false documents to obtain work, vowed to continue to trash Trump�", "qruwOLhmzhM-00031-00013534-00013869": "For reasons that are purely agenda based.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00032-00013869-00014301": "When he was asked by the Sacramento Bee if Trump trashing is alienating the state from", "qruwOLhmzhM-00033-00014301-00014638": "the federal government, de Le�n had this to say:", "qruwOLhmzhM-00034-00014638-00015196": "�Had John McCain run for the presidency or had he won eight years ago, as a partisan", "qruwOLhmzhM-00035-00015196-00015555": "and as a Democrat, I would naturally be disappointed.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00036-00015555-00016108": "But I think I would get over it rather quickly, try to find common ground, see how we can", "qruwOLhmzhM-00037-00016108-00016309": "move forward as a nation together.�", "qruwOLhmzhM-00038-00016309-00016923": "However, somehow he cannot do that with a man who actually won the presidency.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00039-00016923-00017369": "The fact that Rendon stood up and voiced his opinion while being surrounded by so many", "qruwOLhmzhM-00040-00017369-00017620": "nay-sayers is truly astounding.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00041-00017620-00018068": "We can only unite this country if the liberals are willing to admit defeat and play ball", "qruwOLhmzhM-00042-00018068-00018270": "for the good of America.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00043-00018270-00018737": "Share this story on Facebook and Twitter and be sure to add your thoughts to the comment", "qruwOLhmzhM-00044-00018737-00018898": "section below.", "qruwOLhmzhM-00045-00018898-00019167": "What do you think about Rendon's statement?", "qruwOLhmzhM-00046-00019167-00020330": "Scroll down to comment below!"}}, {"audio_id": "qr-KBN7i7mA", "text": {"qr-KBN7i7mA-00000-00000025-00001197": "This was another lens that flew under my radar for a long time.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00001-00001197-00001297": "It came to the collection as part of a $10 thrift shop purchase, attached to a Yashica", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00002-00001297-00001397": "TL-Super SLR.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00003-00001397-00001497": "The body was in good shape and the shutter worked, and so at that price anything is worth", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00004-00001497-00001597": "it.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00005-00001597-00001697": "I didn’t understand that the lens was the bargain in the deal.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00006-00001697-00001797": "That said, this lens caused me more headaches than I bargained for.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00007-00001797-00001897": "Your experience with this lens will undoubtedly be better than mine.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00008-00001897-00001997": "In the end, I’m glad it joined the family.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00009-00001997-00002097": "I’ll write something up about the body later.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00010-00002097-00002197": "The optical block was loose in the lens barrel, and decades of schmutz had entered the workings.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00011-00002197-00002297": "The aperture was oily and the focus helicoid was dry.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00012-00002297-00002397": "A total overhaul was called for.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00013-00002397-00002497": "Fortunately, the optics were reasonably well preserved.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00014-00002497-00002597": "There were a few tiny scratches (AKA “cleaning marks”) on the front element, but nothing", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00015-00002597-00002697": "deep enough to cause image degradation.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00016-00002697-00002797": "I went to the web to find any info about disassembly and cleaning, and set about to return it to", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00017-00002797-00002897": "its former glory.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00018-00002897-00002997": "I thought I had done a decent job of it; the aperture was clean and snappy once again,", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00019-00002997-00003097": "and the focus helicoid felt consistent and smooth.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00020-00003097-00003197": "The glass surfaces cleaned up nicely and it looked like a great lens.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00021-00003197-00003297": "Then I tried to use it.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00022-00003297-00003397": "It wouldn’t focus to infinity.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00023-00003397-00003497": "In fact, it wasn’t even close.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00024-00003497-00003597": "I remembered marking the position where the focus helicoid left the threads, and I had", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00025-00003597-00003697": "returned it to the same entry point.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00026-00003697-00003797": "I soon figured out that there is another threaded ring that must be backed out just enough,", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00027-00003797-00004053": "prior to reinstalling the helicoid, that I had overlooked entirely.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00028-00004053-00004323": "The rear of the lens is also very simple and uncluttered.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00029-00004323-00004423": "Yashicas of that era were fitted with an M42 mount, as were several other manufacturers’", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00030-00004423-00004523": "lenses.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00031-00004523-00004623": "This allows the use of the lens on other M42 bodies.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00032-00004623-00004735": "There is a pin for aperture control by the camera body.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00033-00004735-00004837": "There is also a sliding switch marked A and M adjacent to the thread mount.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00034-00004837-00004937": "This refers to Automatic or Manual aperture control.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00035-00004937-00005037": "Keeping the switch set to “A” while on the film camera body allows the user to focus", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00036-00005037-00005137": "with the aperture wide open.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00037-00005137-00005237": "The body depresses the rear pin to automatically close the aperture to take the photo.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00038-00005237-00005337": "Other M42 bodies did not have that option and required full manual control of the iris.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00039-00005337-00005437": "Similarly, many M42 adapters for digital cameras don’t have a flange to keep that pin depressed,", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00040-00005437-00005537": "and that’s when the switch comes in handy.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00041-00005537-00005637": "Just slide it to “M” and you have full control regardless of the adapter.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00042-00005637-00005737": "Specifications Mount: M42 Screw Mount", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00043-00005737-00005837": "Focal Length: 50mm Aperture Range: f/1.4 - f/16", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00044-00005837-00005937": "Minimum Focus: 0.6m Weight: 304g", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00045-00006237-00006337": "Going Price: ~$150 Condition: Some scratches to the chrome but", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00046-00006337-00006437": "otherwise beautiful Lens Review", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00047-00006437-00006537": "Mechanically the lens is practically jewelry.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00048-00006537-00006637": "Like a precision made Swiss watch it feels absolutely perfect.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00049-00006637-00006737": "The focus on my copy is silky smooth and the aperture is easy to operate.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00050-00006737-00007181": "The chrome finish isn't the most inconspicuous color and unfortunately my copy has some noticeable", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00051-00007181-00007281": "scratches.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00052-00007281-00007711": "The only real flaw is the decision to hide the aperture number inside a cutout instead", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00053-00007711-00008047": "of visible on the outside of the barrel like most lenses.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00054-00008047-00008421": "This makes changing aperture more difficult than most lenses since you have to make sure", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00055-00008421-00008697": "to like directly at that cutout in the side of the lens.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00056-00008697-00009092": "In the end I can forgive all of this because it just looks so damn good.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00057-00009092-00009881": "When it comes to lens performance the Yashinon-DX 50mm f/1.4 is a fantastic lens.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00058-00009881-00010395": "The center is plenty sharp wide open and this extends surprisingly far into the corners.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00059-00010395-00010825": "Vignetting is present but not terrible for a 50mm fast standard.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00060-00010825-00011372": "Contrast is a little low at f/1.4 and there's the usual haze but the lens is perfectly usable", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00061-00011372-00011564": "at f/1.4.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00062-00011564-00012082": "Stopping down the lens is tack sharp by f/2 in the center but even by f/4 the corners", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00063-00012082-00012232": "never really improve.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00064-00012232-00012686": "The lens is surprisingly flare resistant which is most likely a result of the inclusion of", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00065-00012686-00012813": "thorium elements.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00066-00012813-00013372": "The bokeh rendering i smoother than most 50mm standards but the simplistic 6 bladed aperture", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00067-00013372-00013694": "results in distinct hexagons being rendered.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00068-00013694-00013900": "In use the lens is pure joy.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00069-00013900-00014194": "The focus, the feel , the look - it's all just right.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00070-00014194-00014627": "The lens does feel large in your hand when compared to other vintage lenses but is still", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00071-00014627-00014855": "much smaller than modern equivalents.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00072-00014855-00015333": "The cutout aperture window does get annoying but I never found it to be that big of a deal.", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00073-00015333-00015775": "The lens does feature an auto/manual switch for the aperture so you don't need an adapter", "qr-KBN7i7mA-00074-00015775-00016036": "with a lip to engage the aperture pin."}}, {"audio_id": "qrBvzlC4QH0", "text": {"qrBvzlC4QH0-00000-00001010-00001580": "I want to start with a poem, play the audio of it for you.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00001-00001580-00002016": "You should listen--you should be able to hear it", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00002-00002016-00002666": "pretty--pretty well. The poem is called Old Lem", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00003-00002666-00003390": "by a man named Sterling Brown, one of the great poets in", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00004-00003390-00003750": "American letters in the twentieth century. He", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00005-00003750-00003870": "writes the poem after--you know,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00006-00003870-00004150": "we're talking this week about the first decade and a", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00007-00004150-00004600": "half or so of the twentieth century. This poem was", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00008-00004600-00004830": "written after that, written I think in the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00009-00004830-00005010": "nineteen--late twenties or early thirties. I don't", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00010-00005010-00005370": "remember off the top of my head. But it speaks to the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00011-00005370-00005660": "experiences, the rural experiences and the social", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00012-00005660-00005966": "and political experiences of African Americans.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00013-00005966-00006270": "And it certainly is, as you'll hear in the poem,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00014-00006270-00006730": "it gives you sort of a context behind why people", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00015-00006730-00006906": "might not want to stay in the South.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00016-00006906-00007240": "The poem is called--called Old Lem.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00017-00007750-00008216": "Old Lem - \"I talked to old Lem and old Lem said:", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00018-00008216-00008540": "They weigh the cotton They store the corn", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00019-00008540-00008930": "We only good enough To work the rows;", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00020-00008930-00009330": "They run the commissary They keep the books, We gotta be", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00021-00009330-00009746": "grateful,  For being cheated; Whippersnapper clerks", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00022-00009746-00010170": "Call us out of our name, We got to say mister, To spindling boys", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00023-00010170-00010720": "They make our figgers, Turn somersets,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00024-00010720-00011120": "We buck in the middle, Say, 'Thankyuh, sah.'", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00025-00011120-00011500": "They don't come by ones, They don't come by twos", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00026-00011500-00011790": "But they come by tens.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00027-00011790-00012120": "They got the judges, They got the lawyers", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00028-00012120-00012550": "They got the jury-rolls They got the law", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00029-00012550-00012776": "They don't come by ones They got the sheriffs", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00030-00012776-00013190": "They got the deputies They don't come by twos", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00031-00013190-00013576": "They got the shotguns They got the rope", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00032-00013576-00013880": "We git the justice in the end And they come by tens.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00033-00013880-00014200": "Their fists stay closed Their eyes look straight", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00034-00014200-00014660": "Our hands stay open  Our eyes must fall", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00035-00014660-00015060": "They don't come by ones  They got the manhood", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00036-00015060-00015606": "They got the courage They don't come by twos", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00037-00015606-00015830": "We got to slink around  Hangtailed hounds.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00038-00015830-00016160": "They burn us when we dogs  They burn us when we men", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00039-00016160-00016510": "They come by tens... I had a buddy", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00040-00016510-00016956": "Six foot of man  Muscled up perfect", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00041-00016956-00017410": "Game to the heart  They don't come by ones", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00042-00017410-00017810": "Outworked and outfought  Any man or two men", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00043-00017810-00018180": "They don't come by twos  He spoke out of turn", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00044-00018180-00018520": "At the commissary  They gave him a day", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00045-00018520-00018620": "To git out the county  He didn't take it.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00046-00018620-00019040": "He said 'Come and get me.' They came and got him", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00047-00019040-00019266": "And they came by tens.  He stayed in the county--", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00048-00019266-00019770": "He lays there dead.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00049-00019770-00020130": "They don't come by ones  They don't come by twos", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00050-00020130-00020456": "But they come by tens.\"", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00051-00020700-00020826": "Again, that's Sterling Brown,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00052-00020826-00021600": "poem named Old Lem, talking about forms of southern", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00053-00021600-00022150": "justice. If you dare to speak back to somebody,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00054-00022150-00022370": "if you're black and spoke back to somebody who was", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00055-00022370-00022756": "white, they might come after you. They would not come by", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00056-00022756-00023250": "ones or twos; they'd come by tens. What I want to talk", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00057-00023250-00023810": "about today, having set that really uplifting context for", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00058-00023810-00024180": "the day's lecture, is talk about the Great Migration", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00059-00024180-00024760": "and take us forward into the 1910s with the film called", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00060-00024760-00025290": "The Birth of a Nation. Essentially what I want to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00061-00025290-00025889": "do in today's lecture is look at the beginning of a", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00062-00026189-00026496": "fundamental shift in demographics of black", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00063-00026496-00026720": "America in--as far as geography's concerned.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00064-00026980-00027450": "Black America is still overwhelmingly a rural", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00065-00027739-00028250": "population, and is overwhelming--overwhelmingly", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00066-00028250-00028470": "southern. That begins to change and change rather", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00067-00028470-00028956": "quickly during the Great Migration. Now I ended last", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00068-00028956-00029320": "week's lecture talking about the founding of the NAACP,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00069-00029320-00029586": "1909. And I want to point out,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00070-00029586-00029886": "the NAACP is not--was not the only organization", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00071-00029886-00030196": "founded at that--at this time that focused on the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00072-00030196-00030589": "quality of black life. Another such organization", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00073-00030589-00030826": "was the Young Men's Christian Association,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00074-00030826-00031176": "and the Young Women's Christian Association. Both", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00075-00031176-00031539": "groups are highly segregated,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00076-00031539-00031770": "but they still played in--a central role in making space", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00077-00031770-00031950": "available for blacks, particularly black", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00078-00031950-00032216": "travelers. Housing was provided,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00079-00032216-00032500": "hot meals would be provided, community organizing. These", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00080-00032500-00032650": "become sites of community organizing,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00081-00032650-00032880": "much like black churches were playing,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00082-00032880-00033100": "still to this day of course, but before that. In fact,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00083-00033100-00033630": "with the YMCA, I was on an internship right after", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00084-00033630-00034126": "college and the internship leader--this is 1989,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00085-00034126-00034256": "1990--the internship leader was talking about when he", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00086-00034256-00034366": "was coming through L.A.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00087-00034366-00034790": "in the 1960s, traveling there for the first time,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00088-00034790-00035050": "every black man knew that he had to go to the YMCA if he", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00089-00035050-00035406": "wanted to find a place to stay. So this is not just", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00090-00035406-00036036": "the history of 1900s and the 1910s and teens. It goes", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00091-00036036-00036286": "forward all the way and through really the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00092-00036286-00036490": "systematic desegregation of society,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00093-00036490-00036656": "or at least sort of structurally in the 1960s", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00094-00036656-00037216": "and seventies. Anyway, aside from the NAACP,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00095-00037216-00037430": "and in addition to the Young Men's and Young Women's", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00096-00037430-00037850": "Christian Associations, you have one of the most", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00097-00037850-00038090": "important betterment organizations being founded", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00098-00038090-00038350": "in this area, and that's the National Urban League,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00099-00038350-00038936": "founded in 1911. Now whereas the NAACP dedicated", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00100-00038936-00039280": "itself to a legal and intellectual strategy,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00101-00039280-00039600": "trying to find ways to seek justice for African", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00102-00039600-00039830": "Americans through legal means and through the idea", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00103-00039830-00040040": "of sort of civilizing, uplifting society,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00104-00040040-00040370": "through the Talented Tenth, the Urban League was", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00105-00040370-00040670": "explicitly concerned with labor,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00106-00040670-00041176": "finding jobs for blacks, sometimes at any cost. The", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00107-00041176-00041550": "Urban League was chiefly concerned with finding jobs", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00108-00041550-00041760": "for blacks who were newly arrived to urban northern", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00109-00041760-00042220": "centers. The Urban League was,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00110-00042220-00042760": "from the start, less radical than the NAACP. Now to even", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00111-00042760-00043016": "think of the phrase NAACP and radical going together", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00112-00043016-00043246": "may sound strange, but it really was sort of an avant", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00113-00043246-00043570": "garde organization in many ways at its founding. Urban", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00114-00043570-00043936": "League wasn't in that regard. Some will claim,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00115-00043936-00044130": "as you'll see later on, that the Urban League was really", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00116-00044130-00044400": "quite the opposite, a conservative force in the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00117-00044400-00044670": "back pocket of corporate interests,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00118-00044670-00044926": "and willing to bust unions in order to put blacks into", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00119-00044926-00045350": "jobs of any kind. Now the issue of jobs here can't be", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00120-00045350-00045760": "overemphasized. Jobs are important in any era to any", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00121-00045760-00046060": "people, of course, but when you have a large segment of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00122-00046060-00046350": "the population, of a socially identified", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00123-00046350-00046666": "population, black folks in this case,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00124-00046666-00047056": "in great flux, jobs become that much more critical.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00125-00047276-00047500": "Blacks were that population. They were in", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00126-00047500-00047690": "profound flux in the first decades of the twentieth", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00127-00047690-00048066": "century, and it is their mass migration,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00128-00048066-00048410": "what is referred to in this era as the Great Migration,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00129-00048410-00048560": "and the events that surround that,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00130-00048560-00049156": "that form the basis of this week's lectures. Now I want", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00131-00049156-00049430": "to start with just a clarification of the title,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00132-00049430-00049810": "the name of this phenomenon, the Great Migration. At", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00133-00049810-00050236": "this moment in time, roughly early years of the twentieth", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00134-00050236-00050456": "century to roughly the start of World War I,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00135-00050456-00050910": "this was the greatest internal migration of a", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00136-00050910-00051100": "people in U.S.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00137-00051100-00051429": "history. However, and we'll get to it in a couple of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00138-00051429-00051800": "weeks, the migration of African Americans in the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00139-00051800-00052210": "1940s and early fifties way outstrips the migration I'm", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00140-00052210-00052460": "talking about now but the--in terms of number.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00141-00052460-00052736": "But the naming is--the naming convention is such", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00142-00052736-00052900": "that this early period of migration is called the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00143-00052900-00053590": "Great Migration, just to be clear about that fact. Now", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00144-00053590-00053710": "aside from naming conventions,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00145-00053710-00053886": "I want you to also realize that when I think of the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00146-00053886-00054120": "Great Migration, I think of--I think that it needs to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00147-00054120-00054440": "be understood as a political movement,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00148-00054440-00054786": "that migration itself was a political act. Was it", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00149-00054786-00055070": "organized in the ways that we think of in terms of high", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00150-00055070-00055396": "politics or even grassroots protest movements? No,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00151-00055396-00055866": "it wasn't. It wasn't. But it was profoundly political", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00152-00055866-00056176": "and I wanted to delineate those reasons over the next", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00153-00056176-00056446": "little bit.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00154-00056446-00056686": "It's important to first start to look at the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00155-00056686-00056929": "southern black situation at the turn of the century.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00156-00056929-00057060": "That's why I played that clip for you,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00157-00057060-00057356": "to get a, sort of a sense, at least artistically", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00158-00057356-00057779": "rendered, of the stakes, of the narrow room within which", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00159-00057779-00058060": "African Americans could move and move safely in the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00160-00058060-00058660": "South. Blacks who had the option of staying in the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00161-00058910-00059279": "South left during the Great Migration because all the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00162-00059279-00059510": "political privileges that they had enjoyed during", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00163-00059510-00059696": "Reconstruction had been systematically stripped", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00164-00059696-00059870": "away. And I've been talking about this the last couple", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00165-00059870-00060300": "of weeks. Blacks who had the resources to leave,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00166-00060300-00060520": "and that's a big issue, if they had the actual means to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00167-00060520-00060976": "get out of town, they might have left just for the fact", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00168-00060976-00061250": "that, you know, any hope of their having the right to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00169-00061250-00061550": "vote and all the other political benefits that come", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00170-00061550-00061860": "along with that just weren't in the mix any more,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00171-00061860-00062160": "not after Redemption, not after the systematic", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00172-00062160-00062590": "stripping away of the black voting presence. The men", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00173-00062590-00062900": "couldn't vote any longer. State funded education for", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00174-00062900-00063456": "blacks was functionally nonexistent. Social", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00175-00063456-00063960": "segregation was only increasing and there of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00176-00063960-00064270": "course was always the looming threat of lynch", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00177-00064270-00064826": "law. So lacking even the most basic political rights,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00178-00064826-00065406": "some blacks just up and left. Black farmers might", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00179-00065406-00065900": "have left simply because of the sharecropping system,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00180-00065900-00066080": "something else alluded to in this poem by Sterling", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00181-00066080-00066430": "Brown. Sharecropping, as you already know,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00182-00066430-00066620": "a form of employment that looked all too much like", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00183-00066620-00067240": "slavery. It was a dead end. Better opportunities,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00184-00067240-00067726": "the bedrock of any sort of political philosophy,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00185-00067726-00067990": "awaited black sharecroppers in the north;", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00186-00067990-00068610": "at least, this was the thinking. So you have the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00187-00068610-00069026": "combination of, maybe a little dramatic,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00188-00069026-00069510": "political death in the South as an option. That's not", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00189-00069510-00069846": "very viable, so blacks might want to leave. An economic", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00190-00069846-00070046": "system that's determined to keep them in second-class", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00191-00070046-00070396": "citizenship status. So we think of--of the forces in", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00192-00070396-00070656": "the South that, or the reality,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00193-00070656-00070990": "the daily lived reality on the ground in the South,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00194-00070990-00071306": "you can see that just the determination to leave,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00195-00071306-00071560": "to get out, was a response to the political and", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00196-00071560-00071760": "economic situation. And in that way,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00197-00071760-00072086": "the decision, I think, is--can be rendered as sort", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00198-00072086-00072720": "of a political decision. And it's interesting if you", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00199-00072720-00072856": "think about it, sticking on this issue of,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00200-00072856-00073030": "you know, the politics of the situation,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00201-00073030-00073216": "it's interesting to think about how whites", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00202-00073216-00073650": "reacted--southern whites reacted to black exodus. At", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00203-00073650-00073936": "first, in some reg--in some regions,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00204-00073936-00074190": "whites were thrilled. \"We can finally get the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00205-00074190-00074400": "so-called negro problem\"--this was a popular", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00206-00074400-00074710": "phrase of the age--\"the negro problem would leave", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00207-00074710-00075066": "once blacks left town.\" But rather quickly they", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00208-00075066-00075456": "realized, \"Wait a second. This is our bedrock labor", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00209-00075456-00075826": "force. This is the force that keeps whites--poor", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00210-00075826-00076096": "whites placated, because at least they're not black.\"", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00211-00076096-00076530": "The social order was based on color caste and it was", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00212-00076530-00076920": "being destroyed by black ex--exodus. So whites begin", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00213-00076920-00077186": "to threaten blacks if they make plans to leave.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00214-00077186-00077370": "It sounds completely nonsensical,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00215-00077370-00077860": "but this is just the state of the case. And there were", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00216-00077860-00078096": "white northerners coming down who were labor agents,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00217-00078360-00078616": "and white municipalities start charging these labor", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00218-00078616-00078730": "agencies--I'll explain more about them in a", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00219-00078730-00079180": "second--exorbitant fees to register to try to get", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00220-00079180-00079290": "blacks out.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00221-00079290-00079760": "It doesn't matter. Labor agents have the resource.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00222-00079760-00080000": "Southern whites started seeing their", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00223-00080000-00080360": "socio--socioeconomic political system,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00224-00080360-00080616": "the foundation upon which so much of it was built,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00225-00080616-00081200": "starting to crumble with black exodus. Now", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00226-00081200-00081420": "historians talk about push, when it comes to the Great", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00227-00081420-00081660": "Migration, push-pull factors. There's debate", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00228-00081660-00081860": "whether that's a useful model or not. I'm not going", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00229-00081860-00082030": "to worry about, sort of, that debate,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00230-00082030-00082300": "but I am going to talk about a series of different", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00231-00082300-00082820": "factors that were at play, that really combine in such", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00232-00082820-00083150": "a way that make this migration so powerful,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00233-00083150-00083720": "so large. You have an infestation,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00234-00083720-00084020": "is one of the ways that makes this migration so", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00235-00084020-00084640": "important, the boll weevil. A little pest that comes up", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00236-00084640-00085110": "from Mexico, sweeps across Texas and into southeastern", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00237-00085110-00085450": "U.S. The boll weevil is a little bug that gets into", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00238-00085450-00085550": "the boll.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00239-00085550-00086160": "cotton boll, B-O-L-L, and destroys it. Cotton wasn't", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00240-00086160-00086680": "the only crop in the South, but it was the main crop.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00241-00086680-00086870": "It was so much of the bedrock of the southern", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00242-00086870-00087230": "economy was in that agricultural product.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00243-00087230-00087750": "Cotton crops get destroyed. There's no work for blacks.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00244-00087750-00088150": "They're working the farms. If you can't find work,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00245-00088150-00088280": "what's the point of staying around? I already mentioned", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00246-00088280-00088850": "political disfranchisement. This job scarcity in the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00247-00088850-00089620": "South is also an economic--and the South is", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00248-00089620-00089900": "essentially an economic colony of the North,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00249-00089900-00090070": "and then the North has a decreasing supply of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00250-00090070-00090276": "immigrant labor, as you move forward into the twentieth", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00251-00090276-00090876": "century, as a result of state conflict in European", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00252-00090876-00091360": "theaters, heading towards World War I. Just take", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00253-00091360-00091606": "these things together, there's a decreasing reason", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00254-00091606-00091810": "to stay in the South and the lure of jobs in the North.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00255-00092330-00092900": "Assisting this, or abetting this process even more,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00256-00092900-00093050": "are the individuals I mentioned before,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00257-00093050-00093566": "labor agents. These are essentially job recruiters", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00258-00093566-00093870": "employed by people who own factories and mills,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00259-00093870-00094130": "mines in the Midwest and the North,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00260-00094130-00094530": "who would travel South, since the labor supply was", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00261-00094530-00094790": "drying up in the North and come into a town--and I'm", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00262-00094790-00095196": "making up the numbers here--come into a town where", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00263-00095196-00095430": "there's a, you know, a lot of blacks looking for work", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00264-00095430-00095870": "and say, \"Look, in the North you can own your own house", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00265-00095870-00096140": "or an apartment. You can vote,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00266-00096140-00096416": "sit where you want to on the bus. We've got a job here.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00267-00096416-00096740": "The job's going to pay you three dollars a day,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00268-00096740-00097140": "unheard of amounts of money. Being able to own", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00269-00097140-00097436": "property or at least rent property where you want to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00270-00097436-00097560": "and ride on the bus, sit where you want to,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00271-00097560-00097876": "unheard of possibilities in the South. And they go well", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00272-00097876-00098160": "we--They said, \"Well, we can't afford the train fare", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00273-00098160-00098476": "to get up to, say Chicago or Cincinnati or Cleveland.\"", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00274-00098476-00098790": "He says, \"Don't worry about it. I'll pay for it,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00275-00098790-00098980": "and you can work it off.\" Or,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00276-00098980-00099430": "\"Don't even worry about it. I'll just pay for it.\" So", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00277-00099430-00099930": "labor agents are coming down and signing up a black labor", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00278-00099930-00100180": "force to come to work in the mines,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00279-00100180-00100700": "and factories, and mills. You have,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00280-00100700-00100930": "of course, informal lines of communication,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00281-00100930-00101300": "people who make, you know that first person to make", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00282-00101300-00101500": "the trip up to Chicago and saying,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00283-00101500-00101710": "\"My god, I am making three dollars a day,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00284-00101710-00101890": "and I have my own apartment,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00285-00101890-00102100": "and writing letters back, or saving up a lot of money", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00286-00102100-00102436": "and driving down, you know, at the end of the year in", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00287-00102436-00102759": "their own car, dressed in their fanciest clothes.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00288-00102759-00102880": "Talk about the, sort of the quote,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00289-00102880-00103159": "\"land of milk and honey\" up North. This certainly", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00290-00103159-00103580": "inspired others to travel. And then you have a very", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00291-00103580-00103759": "important newspaper, the Chicago Defender,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00292-00103759-00104220": "the most important black newspaper of the time.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00293-00104220-00104580": "Chicago Defender, of course based in Chicago,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00294-00104846-00105300": "but circulated heavily throughout the South. Bags", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00295-00105300-00105490": "of the Chicago Defender would be bundled up,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00296-00105490-00105870": "thrown on trains, and they would appear in say", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00297-00105870-00106056": "Montgomery or Huntsville or, you know,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00298-00106056-00106470": "other southern towns. And they'd be read by who knows", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00299-00106470-00106836": "how many people. Now the Defender made it almost a", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00300-00106836-00107130": "sport talking about lynchings happening in the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00301-00107130-00107630": "South. Most often they were about true events. It was", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00302-00107630-00107859": "an--this was an era of newspapers where you just,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00303-00107859-00108270": "you know, made stuff up still. So most often", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00304-00108270-00108659": "talking about true events in the South and horrible", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00305-00108659-00108880": "events. And there'd be letters to the editor,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00306-00108880-00109120": "sometimes true, often fabricated,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00307-00109120-00109359": "but still they were there, written by blacks,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00308-00109359-00109850": "written in dialect, but talking about the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00309-00109850-00110326": "opportunities in the North and--and reminding folks of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00310-00110326-00110430": "the degradation in the South.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00311-00110430-00110730": "Chicago Defender's incredibly important as a", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00312-00110730-00111240": "tool to help people find the courage,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00313-00111240-00111509": "or find the resources, or the determination to move", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00314-00111509-00111940": "north. And then you have service organizations,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00315-00111940-00112190": "like the National Urban League,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00316-00112190-00112720": "founded in 1911, dedicated to improving the quality of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00317-00112720-00113286": "life or life chances for blacks migrating North. So", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00318-00113286-00113500": "you have, just in the first two decades,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00319-00113500-00113900": "sort of an astonishing convergence of all these", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00320-00113900-00114259": "different forces that really help fuel this migration.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00321-00114259-00114470": "And the numbers are really quite striking. Just", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00322-00114470-00114790": "between--this is just to get a sense of things. You're", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00323-00114790-00115100": "not going to have to know this for the--for the like", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00324-00115100-00115420": "an exam or anything. But looking at a few major", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00325-00115420-00115806": "northern cities, between 1910 and 1920--it's so funny", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00326-00115806-00116230": "when I say you don't have to know this for the exam,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00327-00116230-00116440": "the tapping stops. That's hysterical. Anyway,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00328-00116440-00116709": "you take New York City, in 1910,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00329-00116709-00116880": "the population--the African American population is", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00330-00116880-00117090": "around ninety thousand. Within ten years,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00331-00117090-00117259": "it's one hundred and fifty thousand,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00332-00117259-00117616": "an increase of sixty-six percent. In Chicago,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00333-00117616-00118006": "the population increases by one hundred and--almost one", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00334-00118006-00118400": "hundred and fifty percent from forty-four thousand to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00335-00118400-00118750": "one hundred and ten thousand. In Cleveland,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00336-00118750-00118986": "population soars from eight thousand to thirty-four", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00337-00118986-00119259": "thousand, an increase of three hundred percent. And", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00338-00119259-00119600": "in Detroit, the population goes from five thousand to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00339-00119600-00119820": "forty thousand, population--an increase of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00340-00119820-00120150": "six hundred percent. So radical changes in just a", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00341-00120150-00120706": "ten-year period of time. This is the era when Harlem", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00342-00120706-00121266": "becomes known as a black enclave. Now,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00343-00121266-00121500": "so we know what was getting people out of the South.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00344-00121500-00122090": "What did they find when they got to the North? Yeah,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00345-00122090-00122230": "they could have their own apartments,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00346-00122230-00122530": "certainly. Owning homes would take a little while", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00347-00122530-00122940": "for most migrants, but they would find segregated", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00348-00122940-00123150": "housing, de facto. Not de jure,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00349-00123150-00123716": "de facto. And segregated housing was bad housing,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00350-00123716-00124100": "low quality, poorly maintained,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00351-00124340-00124680": "sites of high levels of crime,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00352-00124680-00125056": "vice, public health hazards. Anybody know", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00353-00125056-00125350": "Washington, D.C., that well, sort of the area? Well", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00354-00125350-00125530": "Georgetown used to be, you know,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00355-00125530-00125809": "a sort of slum in--in the docks,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00356-00125809-00126059": "but getting around say Dupont Circle and heading", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00357-00126059-00126300": "that area, a lot of townhouses around there,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00358-00126300-00126600": "row houses. And where I'm talking about,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00359-00126600-00126936": "you would go behind the row houses to the interior of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00360-00126936-00127330": "the block and these alley dwellings. I mean", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00361-00127330-00127640": "pestilence, horrible sights, horrible locations.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00362-00127640-00127840": "This is where a lot of migrant blacks lived in the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00363-00127840-00128290": "alleys in Washington, D.C., sort of the invisible to the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00364-00128290-00128670": "public, but certainly there. Migrants to the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00365-00128670-00128826": "North would find native black resistance,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00366-00128826-00129180": "people who'd been there already for generations who", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00367-00129180-00129509": "thought these black migrants talked funny,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00368-00129509-00129986": "dressed strangely, cooked food that smelled wrong,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00369-00129986-00130459": "and were loud and boisterous and acted out in public.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00370-00130459-00130690": "All these kind of racially coded things we certainly", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00371-00130690-00131100": "still live with, but you have long-term black", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00372-00131100-00131340": "communities deeply unhappy about these migrants coming", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00373-00131340-00131690": "up. You'd have people who had migrated just ten years", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00374-00131690-00132170": "earlier unhappy about the new migrants,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00375-00132170-00132330": "because \"they're just making--they're embarrassing", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00376-00132330-00132506": "us, they're making increasing job", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00377-00132506-00132830": "competition.\" Coming up was--was filled with", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00378-00133070-00133530": "challenges. You would also have,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00379-00133530-00133830": "you know, an Urban League trying to find people jobs.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00380-00133830-00134070": "You would have African Americans being brought up", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00381-00134070-00134690": "to a factory where a labor union,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00382-00134690-00135276": "which blacks weren't allowed to join,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00383-00135276-00135660": "and the union being on strike,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00384-00135660-00135990": "and the Urban League working with the company that owns", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00385-00135990-00136286": "the factory saying--the factory owner saying,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00386-00136286-00136700": "\"Look, if you can get me one hundred black men to work in", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00387-00136700-00136880": "the factory, that would be great. I'll give them", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00388-00136880-00137110": "jobs.\" Well, they're hired as scab labor,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00389-00137110-00137520": "so they are vilified by white labor workers. It's a", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00390-00137520-00137790": "job, certainly, as long as the labor union stays on", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00391-00137790-00138206": "strike. But it's a job at some pretty serious costs,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00392-00138206-00138490": "as we'll see in this week's readings and in Wednesday's", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00393-00138490-00139090": "lecture. So life wasn't easy and you have to think", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00394-00139506-00140020": "about this tension between, sort of,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00395-00140020-00140410": "black autonomy, the real power in being able to make", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00396-00140410-00140736": "a decision to leave town. You can't discount that.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00397-00140736-00141196": "That's important; sort of life changing in a sense,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00398-00141196-00141560": "just to get up and go. You have to weigh that against", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00399-00141560-00141786": "the reality of like life when you got to your", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00400-00141786-00142200": "destination might be pretty horrible as well. Certainly", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00401-00142200-00142440": "different than anything you expected. Yeah,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00402-00142440-00142750": "you got paid more, yeah, you had your own roof over your", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00403-00142750-00143060": "head, but the tenements in which blacks were living", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00404-00143060-00143820": "were just, I mean, horrible. I mean the stuff", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00405-00143820-00144130": "beyond your imagination in so many ways. Sure,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00406-00144130-00144600": "you could ride where you wanted to on the bus,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00407-00144600-00145150": "but there are still costs or risks involved in acting", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00408-00145150-00145546": "out, shall we say. Again, we'll see more of this in", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00409-00145546-00145890": "the next lect--in the next lecture. Now one thing I--I", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00410-00145890-00146620": "also want to make clear before moving into the next", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00411-00146620-00147140": "phase of the lecture is thinking about,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00412-00147140-00147430": "as we're trying to unpack what migration really was,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00413-00147430-00147980": "it's important to realize that migration wasn't just", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00414-00147980-00148160": "blacks working on the southern farms,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00415-00148160-00148386": "all of a sudden, you know, in a week's time,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00416-00148386-00148716": "they're working in a mill in Chicago. No,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00417-00148716-00149030": "it wasn't that. I mean migration was,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00418-00149030-00149270": "among many things, at least--I mean it was at", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00419-00149270-00149600": "least very complicated. So you might have some working", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00420-00149600-00149806": "in the farm. The boll weevil attacks;", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00421-00149806-00150080": "there's no more opportunity to work. You'd--you'd go to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00422-00150080-00150446": "the city, a southern city, trying to find a job,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00423-00150446-00150770": "something. Cities became crowded. This is where", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00424-00150770-00150910": "labor agents would really st--quote,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00425-00150910-00151010": "\"steal.\"", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00426-00151010-00151190": "You would find a lot of people,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00427-00151190-00151740": "hire them up to the North. But would they always go all", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00428-00151740-00151920": "the--all, quote, \"all the way\" to north to Chicago or", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00429-00151920-00152186": "New York City? No, they wouldn't. They might end up", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00430-00152186-00152530": "in the coalfields in West Virginia,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00431-00152530-00152966": "or in Ohio, or in Kentucky. And they might work there", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00432-00152966-00153386": "for, you know, six months and then go back home to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00433-00153386-00153760": "Montgomery, just pick a place. And then they might", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00434-00153760-00153950": "leave the next year for three months and then come", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00435-00153950-00154240": "back. Migration was not literally from field to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00436-00154240-00154466": "factory in one straight direction. People were", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00437-00154466-00154850": "going back and forth often. They might get up to,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00438-00154850-00155140": "you know, the mines--the coalmines in Kentucky,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00439-00155140-00155406": "be there for a couple years and then make it to Chicago", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00440-00155406-00155850": "after that, and who knows how long they would stay?", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00441-00155850-00156050": "So you need to understand that--that--that migration", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00442-00156050-00156310": "is doing--moving in many different directions at", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00443-00156310-00156610": "once, although it was generally from field to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00444-00156610-00157210": "generally to factory. One thing that's not ambiguous", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00445-00157470-00158240": "at all during this era is what I'll say,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00446-00158240-00158740": "the commerce of racism. Remember,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00447-00158740-00158950": "whites didn't want to have blacks leave--or whites", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00448-00158950-00159066": "wanted blacks to leave at first,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00449-00159066-00159300": "then realized, \"Wait, this would mess up our system,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00450-00159300-00159616": "then don't want blacks to leave at all. Yet they", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00451-00159616-00160200": "still treat blacks pretty shabbily in their southern", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00452-00160200-00160920": "towns and in their southern fields. One thing that is", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00453-00160920-00161546": "incumbent upon this sort of commerce of racism is", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00454-00161546-00161940": "control. Who's in control of society? It's a word", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00455-00161940-00162606": "I've used before. And society becomes destabilized", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00456-00162606-00162896": "by blacks moving on their own or with the help of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00457-00162896-00163430": "labor agents, you start seeing a real rise in white", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00458-00163430-00163740": "resistance to the challenge to this system. White", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00459-00163740-00164340": "resistance to black autonomy becomes palpable. I already", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00460-00164980-00165200": "mentioned southern resistance to labor agents", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00461-00165200-00165776": "coming down. It's important to understand there are", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00462-00165776-00166130": "other things that were developing within white", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00463-00166130-00166516": "America--white southern America that complicated the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00464-00166516-00166690": "nature of black-white relations in the South,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00465-00166690-00166966": "and that--the most important force is the Klan,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00466-00166966-00167190": "the KKK. Now the Klan, you'll remember,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00467-00167190-00167496": "was destroyed at the national level during", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00468-00167496-00167866": "Reconstruction. It starts to creep back during", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00469-00167866-00168090": "Redemption, but it's really, you know,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00470-00168090-00168520": "as terrible--terrifying as it is,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00471-00168520-00169050": "something happens when you get to around the height of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00472-00169050-00169550": "the migration, around 1915. The popularity of the Klan", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00473-00169550-00170120": "skyrockets, I mean skyrockets. The fact that", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00474-00170120-00170330": "it's happening at the same time blacks are trying to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00475-00170330-00170680": "leave the South, in a real outflow,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00476-00170680-00171350": "is no coincidence. There's no doubt also that a large", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00477-00171350-00171596": "part of the Klan's popularity,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00478-00171596-00171870": "reborn popularity, is a film,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00479-00171870-00171970": "D.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00480-00171970-00172070": "W.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00481-00172070-00172356": "Griffith's film called The Birth of a Nation. This", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00482-00172356-00172590": "movie is based on a novel by a guy named Thomas", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00483-00172590-00173160": "Dixon--Dixon, a novel called The Clansman. The book as", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00484-00173160-00173470": "well as the movie, and I'll only be talking about the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00485-00173470-00173860": "movie, is a depiction of Reconstruction,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00486-00173860-00174020": "but from a point of view that was entirely", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00487-00174020-00174240": "sympathetic to the southern community,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00488-00174240-00174516": "southern mentality. The film was immediately", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00489-00174516-00174616": "controversial.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00490-00174616-00175030": "It was explicitly racist, but there's no denying the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00491-00175030-00175270": "fact that it was cinematically", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00492-00175270-00175626": "revolutionary. Let's cast inside the subject matter", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00493-00175626-00175926": "for a moment. It may be the most important film,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00494-00176130-00176360": "most important American film of all time,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00495-00176360-00176580": "for the way it changed what was possible from a", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00496-00176580-00176890": "technical point of view. We have large outdoor scenes,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00497-00176890-00177110": "the tracking shot, cat's eye lenses,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00498-00177110-00177380": "fade-ins, color, or more like tinting,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00499-00177380-00177676": "but still color, night photography,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00500-00177676-00177966": "panning, close ups, high angle shots,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00501-00177966-00178270": "and so forth. It was also the first feature-length", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00502-00178270-00178710": "film in American motion picture history.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00503-00178710-00178980": "So technically, it's an astonishing accomplishment.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00504-00179380-00179500": "When it's shown at the White House,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00505-00179500-00179956": "Woodrow Wilson, southern Democrat but also a scholar", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00506-00179956-00180210": "of some merit, declared that it was,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00507-00180210-00180640": "quote, \"history written in lightning.\" He lauded it", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00508-00180640-00181026": "for its bold and accurate depiction of the past. Now", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00509-00181026-00181406": "for the record, its only accuracy came in the fact", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00510-00181406-00181750": "that it represented a type of hysterical psychology", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00511-00181750-00181946": "that captivated southerners who felt that they were", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00512-00181946-00182630": "victims of a war of northern aggression. So Woodrow", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00513-00182630-00182736": "Wilson celebrates this thing,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00514-00182736-00182960": "this is, you know, this is an incredible historical", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00515-00182960-00183410": "document. It is an incredible historical", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00516-00183410-00183620": "document, but not for what it shows on this--not for", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00517-00183620-00184106": "the story it tells, but for how it captures a mentality", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00518-00184106-00184526": "in the nineteen-teens, and how it excites a populist,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00519-00184526-00184960": "I guess, I guess a populist base in white America and", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00520-00184960-00185560": "helps elevate membership numbers in the Klan. I mean", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00521-00185780-00185966": "the film is hailed--and speaking of two sides,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00522-00185966-00186070": "from the technical standpoint,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00523-00186070-00186440": "Spike Lee, ever the controversial artist,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00524-00186440-00186630": "talked about it as the most important film that he's", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00525-00186630-00186810": "ever--I mean it was so--the most important film for", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00526-00186810-00187240": "him. On the other side of it,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00527-00187240-00187440": "in terms of, you know, what the film was really about,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00528-00187440-00187656": "it's still used by the Klan today as a recruiting tool.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00529-00187656-00188060": "So it's not just this interesting silent movie", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00530-00188060-00188850": "from the 1910s. It's still being used today. Now the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00531-00188850-00189100": "basic storyline tracks the rise and fall of the South,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00532-00189100-00189370": "as told through the experiences of two different", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00533-00189370-00189730": "families. You have a family called the Stoneman-- the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00534-00189730-00189936": "Stoneman family from the North,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00535-00189936-00190300": "and the Cameron family from the South. So lifelong", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00536-00190300-00190650": "friends, both very powerful families,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00537-00190650-00190960": "but divided by the Mason-Dixon line. A little", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00538-00190960-00191276": "bit of Romeo and Juliet to the story,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00539-00191276-00191470": "in that the different sets of Stoneman and Cameron", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00540-00191470-00191780": "children are in love with each other. So the love", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00541-00191780-00192480": "crosses the--the Northern and South divide. And so", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00542-00192480-00192710": "the Stonemans and Camerons stand in as metaphors for", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00543-00192710-00192950": "the entire North-South division. These are", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00544-00192950-00193160": "divisions that--these are parts of the country that", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00545-00193160-00193336": "should love each other. They are in one spirit in", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00546-00193336-00193580": "some way, but there's a fundamental rupture and we", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00547-00193580-00194160": "need to solve that rupture. So the premise is that the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00548-00194160-00194436": "Camerons, these are the southerners,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00549-00194436-00194716": "give three sons to the war. Only one survives,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00550-00194716-00195240": "a guy named Ben, who then avows--vows to avenge", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00551-00195240-00195560": "southern dishonor, but he also happens to fall in love", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00552-00195560-00195820": "with--this makes it complicated--one of the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00553-00195820-00196250": "Stoneman daughters, northern daughter. So the sole", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00554-00196250-00196736": "surviving southern male of the Cameron clan falls in", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00555-00196736-00197106": "love with the Stonemans' daughter. On the northern", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00556-00197106-00197500": "side, the Stonemans lose one son to the war,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00557-00197500-00197690": "and the other son remains in love with the Cameron girl,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00558-00197690-00198470": "so you see this crossing. After the war,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00559-00198470-00198690": "Austin Stoneman, the family patriarch and member of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00560-00198690-00199270": "Congress, comes down South and puts the power hungry", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00561-00199270-00199486": "and corrupt Silas Lynch--that's his name.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00562-00199486-00199650": "It's not a subtle film in any stretch of the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00563-00199650-00200176": "imagination--Silas Lynch happens to be of mixed race,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00564-00200176-00200500": "but has a particular craving for white women. He puts", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00565-00200500-00200810": "Silas Lynch in charge of the liberated slaves in the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00566-00200810-00201110": "Camerons' home town of Piedmont,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00567-00201110-00201316": "and the Piedmont blacks, now having the right to vote,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00568-00201316-00201560": "raise all sorts of trouble for the local whites,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00569-00201560-00201750": "and especially affected were the Camerons,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00570-00201750-00202266": "these southerners. The film tracks this history,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00571-00202266-00202496": "the rise of Reconstruction governments,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00572-00202496-00202876": "run by unprepared and unqualified blacks. It", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00573-00202876-00203156": "depicts blacks' social and political intransigence and", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00574-00203156-00203330": "the systematic disenfranchisement of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00575-00203330-00203810": "southern whites. And Birth of a Nation also gives us a", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00576-00203810-00204160": "cautionary tale of what happens when black men are", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00577-00204160-00204676": "freed and find themselves around white women. We'll", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00578-00204676-00205036": "see this most clearly in the actions of Gus,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00579-00205036-00205390": "a properly mannered servant for the Camerons prior to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00580-00205390-00205736": "emancipation, who becomes a leering threat with the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00581-00205736-00206290": "conclusion of the Civil War. Despite Ben Stoneman,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00582-00206290-00206580": "the surviving young man in the southern family in the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00583-00206580-00206796": "Civil War--despite Ben Stoneman's warnings to Gus", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00584-00206796-00207086": "to leave his family alone and despite Ben's warning to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00585-00207086-00207280": "his younger sister Flora to stay in the house and thus", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00586-00207280-00207730": "remain safe, tragedy strikes. Gus stalks Flora", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00587-00207730-00207930": "when she leaves the home to get water from a stream in", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00588-00207930-00208280": "the woods. Flora sees Gus stalking her and runs for", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00589-00208280-00208580": "her life, knowing--and this is all very clearly implied", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00590-00208580-00208750": "in the film--that if Gus caught her,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00591-00208750-00209160": "she would be raped. Flora finds herself at a cliff's", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00592-00209160-00209410": "edge, while calling for help,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00593-00209410-00210146": "as Gus--Gus inches closer. She avoids certain rape by", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00594-00210146-00210880": "leaping to her death. She dies in her brother's arms,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00595-00210880-00211160": "and Ben, already determined to restore the South's", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00596-00211160-00211569": "honor, goes after Gus. It will come to no surprise to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00597-00211569-00211826": "you, I think, that Gus is lynched. The castration", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00598-00211826-00212019": "scenes in the film were actually cut in the final", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00599-00212019-00212486": "print. And Ben, already inspired about how to create", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00600-00212486-00212836": "a gang of southerners to avenge the South's honor,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00601-00212836-00213116": "organizes the Klan in an--in an explicit move to social", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00602-00213116-00213410": "control, the protection of white womanhood and--and the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00603-00213410-00213840": "Redemption of the South. Now the story isn't just", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00604-00213840-00214160": "about the tangled love relationship that spans the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00605-00214160-00214510": "Civil War. It's also about representation of blacks and", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00606-00214510-00214680": "their quest for full citizenship rights and the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00607-00214680-00214880": "real object that defined that quest,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00608-00214880-00215419": "which was the white woman. It's also a story about", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00609-00215419-00215790": "romanticizing and justifying the rise of the Klan,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00610-00215790-00215960": "the role in the salvation of white womanhood and", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00611-00215960-00216250": "therefore southern dignity. Now spliced together,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00612-00216250-00216430": "I was doing--giving you all this background so you'll", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00613-00216430-00216600": "make sense of what you're about to see. I spliced", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00614-00216600-00217019": "together three different scenes from the movie to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00615-00217019-00217160": "help you get a better understanding of what's at", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00616-00217160-00217530": "stake here. You should not look at the movie--the film", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00617-00217530-00217726": "so much for its interpretation of the fall", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00618-00217726-00217826": "and rise of the South.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00619-00217826-00218236": "That is patently false. What's worth thinking about", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00620-00218236-00218536": "is the particular interpretation of blackness,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00621-00218536-00218866": "of dignity, of citizenship, of intelligence,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00622-00218866-00219180": "objectification, etcetera.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00623-00219180-00219406": "How they all became an object of fascination when", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00624-00219406-00219930": "it was released. The movie was a runaway hit,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00625-00219930-00220136": "played to sold-out audiences around the country,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00626-00220136-00220300": "even though it charged what was then the exorbitant", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00627-00220300-00220580": "price of seventy-five cents to two dollars a ticket to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00628-00220580-00220680": "get in.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00629-00220680-00221280": "This is the Stoneman family coming down to the South to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00630-00224960-00225450": "recuperate from bad health, and the Stoneman and the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00631-00225450-00225800": "Cameron children see each other,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00632-00225800-00226369": "greet each other. And yes, they're in black face when", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00633-00226369-00226969": "they are appearing black. That's Ben Cameron on the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00634-00231019-00231360": "right, with his love in the middle and his sister,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00635-00231360-00231636": "the young one who kills herself,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00636-00231636-00232236": "on the left. That's the first clip. I don't--I", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00637-00234740-00234850": "confess, I don't know what happened.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00638-00234850-00234950": "I was playing it this morning,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00639-00234950-00235119": "getting it ready, and there's no sound for this.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00640-00235119-00235280": "So it's just--it's just music playing in the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00641-00235280-00235640": "background. Down here it says,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00642-00235640-00235826": "\"an historical facsimile at the State House of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00643-00235826-00236169": "Representatives of South Carolina as it was in 1870,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00644-00236169-00236730": "after a photograph by the Columbia State.\" Basically,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00645-00236730-00236940": "blacks are now in control and this is what happens.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00646-00236940-00237176": "You'll see the fade in.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00647-00237176-00237846": "This has technically never been done before. You'll", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00648-00237846-00238146": "have a mix of characters here in black face and", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00649-00238146-00238746": "actually black actors. A depiction of the morality of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00650-00240490-00240866": "black representatives, drinking on the floor,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00651-00240866-00241126": "eating either a turkey leg or a large chicken leg,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00652-00241510-00242110": "not knowing how to comport themselves. You know,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00653-00244536-00244730": "these are the things that are important to black", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00654-00244730-00245366": "representatives. Whites have to salute. There's", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00655-00245366-00246000": "general chaos. They're not properly behaved. But there", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00656-00246000-00246480": "are some representatives, and you can see them there,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00657-00246480-00247080": "sitting there quietly. The close in shot like that,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00658-00247530-00247880": "again, brand new. Blacks and whites in the gallery.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00659-00247880-00248360": "You start seeing here a depiction of what the actual", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00660-00248360-00248610": "desire of black representatives happens to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00661-00248610-00249210": "be, and their reaction. That's Silas Lynch in the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00662-00251600-00252290": "middle, and at the bottom of the screen there for a", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00663-00252290-00253050": "second you saw him. A mixed race man that's come down to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00664-00253050-00253480": "take control of the South. And this final clip right", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00665-00253480-00254080": "here. His sister's already died,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00666-00254426-00255026": "died in his arms. This is Ben Cameron. He sees these", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00667-00256310-00256869": "young white children playing with the black children,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00668-00256869-00257530": "dressed up as piccaninnies with their hair and such.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00669-00257530-00258306": "And it's hard to see on the screen,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00670-00258306-00258969": "but their eyes get bug eyed, and they're terrified. Like", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00671-00258969-00259569": "I said, it wasn't the most subtle of films. And so you", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00672-00261716-00262316": "see your depictions of black depravity,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00673-00263210-00263580": "of desire for white women. You also see,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00674-00263580-00263796": "of course, the loyal servants who are,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00675-00263796-00264150": "sort of, the Mammy figure, the--the heavyset black", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00676-00264150-00264476": "woman, again these characters--these main", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00677-00264476-00264576": "characters in black face.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00678-00264576-00264690": "You didn't see much of it, Silas Lynch.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00679-00264690-00264970": "I pointed him out to you, but the mixed race", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00680-00264970-00265526": "individual, that's northern--appointed by a", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00681-00265526-00265720": "northern representative to come down and take control", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00682-00265720-00266136": "of the South, and he desires white women. Gus,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00683-00266136-00266540": "the servant, who made eyes at the Mammy figure,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00684-00266540-00266766": "is the one who desires white women,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00685-00266766-00267146": "once he's armed as a member of the northern militia.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00686-00267570-00267876": "The fear embodied in this film,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00687-00267876-00268090": "the anxiety, is what I really want you to take away", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00688-00268090-00268510": "from it, and the fact that the film was terrifically", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00689-00268510-00268630": "popular.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00690-00268630-00269020": "It wasn't just popular as a--as an organizing tool for", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00691-00269020-00269486": "the Klan. It was the top grossing film.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00692-00269486-00269880": "I mean I don't know if this statistic is still true in", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00693-00269880-00270480": "our Avatar age, and some people actually see", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00694-00270770-00270920": "connections to Avatar and the kind of racial logic of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00695-00270920-00271050": "a film likeBirth of a Nation. But the film,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00696-00271050-00271180": "off of seventy-five cent and two dollar tickets,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00697-00271180-00271370": "earns over ten million dollars in its first", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00698-00271370-00271946": "release. Unbelievable amounts of money. And it", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00699-00271946-00272240": "also earned the specific attention of the young--of", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00700-00272240-00272490": "the young NAACP, which lauded--which issued a", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00701-00272490-00272940": "forty-seven page pamphlet titled Fighting a Vicious", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00702-00272940-00273210": "Film: Protest Against The Birth of the Nation. They", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00703-00273210-00273466": "would hold rallies at the theater,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00704-00273466-00273590": "wherever the film was being shown,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00705-00273590-00273926": "protesting its screening. And it famously referred to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00706-00273926-00274386": "the film as \"three miles of filth.\" This is the state", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00707-00274386-00274846": "of the--the culture at the moment. Black Americans", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00708-00274846-00275306": "in--in flux, migration not happening in a uniform", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00709-00275306-00275420": "direction or at a uniform pace,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00710-00275420-00275770": "but happening, clearly. Detroit's black population", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00711-00275770-00276120": "blossoms by six hundred percent in a ten-year span.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00712-00276120-00276360": "Black enclaves in places that didn't--they just", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00713-00276360-00276750": "simply weren't there before are now there. So the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00714-00276750-00277326": "reorganizing, repopulating of black America is", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00715-00277326-00277690": "beginning here and continues in earnest until around the", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00716-00277690-00277946": "1970s when the--when the population numbers begin to", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00717-00277946-00278160": "settle--settle down, the migration--migration numbers", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00718-00278160-00278260": "settle down.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00719-00278260-00278410": "And actually, we're in an age where the migration is", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00720-00278410-00278750": "reversing for the first time since this--since the start", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00721-00278750-00278976": "of the twentieth century.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00722-00278976-00279390": "We're not exactly sure why yet as far as demographers.", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00723-00279390-00279620": "We're dealing with a radical shift of population and,", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00724-00279620-00279950": "and related to that, a radical rise in social", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00725-00279950-00280150": "anxieties and a determination to control", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00726-00280150-00280430": "it. And we'll see how that control is manifested beyond", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00727-00280430-00280630": "the Klan and Birth of a Nation on Wednesday's", "qrBvzlC4QH0-00728-00280630-00280830": "lecture. Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "qrDt87YAVLY", "text": {"qrDt87YAVLY-00000-00000048-00000816": "did you know that i just added a playlist link to my own videos? new videos starting", "qrDt87YAVLY-00001-00000816-00001400": "from today will have the same playlist link, although some older ones may redirect.", "qrDt87YAVLY-00002-00001496-00002184": "this may change every couple of hours, so stay tuned to the latest updates on the new views", "qrDt87YAVLY-00003-00002184-00003160": "playlist. also, so new videos after this one will temporarily be on this views playlist. and if", "qrDt87YAVLY-00004-00003160-00003752": "they get any views, they get removed immediately because we want to make sure it's free of views."}}, {"audio_id": "qrE_qlWl-r4", "text": {"qrE_qlWl-r4-00000-00000000-00000270": "Hello, it’s just me today~", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00001-00000284-00000398": "Why am I alone today?", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00002-00000398-00000596": "because I’m preparing Wolf’s present", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00003-00000596-00000712": "her birthday is just around the corner", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00004-00000714-00000958": "her birthday is on 14 November", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00005-00000958-00001206": "I hope I will be able to upload a video on her birthday", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00006-00001206-00001316": "Mission failed", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00007-00001316-00001400": "why am I making this video today?", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00008-00001400-00001602": "because I need to do something behind her back", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00009-00001602-00001702": "that is...", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00010-00001702-00001826": "to make her birthday card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00011-00001836-00002032": "She has been looking forward to her birthday card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00012-00002032-00002242": "she doesn't look forward to anything except her card for birthday", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00013-00002242-00002328": "For me", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00014-00002342-00002528": "I think making a card is okay", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00015-00002532-00002796": "because it used to be something I would do during my school days", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00016-00002796-00002974": "but why am I doing it now?", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00017-00002974-00003232": "Because my wife like it!", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00018-00003232-00003418": "hence we need to do it", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00019-00003522-00003710": "Every year I will make her a card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00020-00003715-00003992": "I found some of the cards I made", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00021-00003992-00004292": "This card has got a red packet, I can’t really remember what exactly happened", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00022-00004300-00004632": "I vaguely remember asking her to read out loud", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00023-00004696-00005146": "Dear Rabbit, I’m sorry I don't have money but I’m attending the birthday party you organized for me", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00024-00005160-00005406": "I have to attend the party, so I’ll be using your money in the packet", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00025-00005406-00005654": "it's my birthday party today, so this will be your present for me, thanks", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00026-00005684-00006038": "I forced her to read out this paragraph, and I put money inside", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00027-00006038-00006186": "Fatty appeared!?", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00028-00006188-00006481": "the expenses incurred for the party", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00029-00006481-00006666": "will be covered by this red packet", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00030-00006680-00006844": "very silly, yes, that's me", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00031-00006908-00007080": "This is the card I made last year", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00032-00007194-00007328": "this is bunny’s tail grass", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00033-00007376-00007666": "I think I made quite a number of cards for her", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00034-00007666-00007816": "here is another one", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00035-00007873-00008180": "I will give her cards at different stages", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00036-00008202-00008696": "She requested to eat, drink and play this year", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00037-00008700-00009018": "I need to give her a present, bring her out for a nice meal", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00038-00009026-00009168": "bring her out to have a good time", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00039-00009174-00009224": "So many requests", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00040-00009350-00009572": "This is an invitation from me", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00041-00009572-00009896": "to invite her to her birthday party", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00042-00009896-00010086": "I make it like a menu", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00043-00010086-00010234": "there is a starter,", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00044-00010298-00010366": "soup", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00045-00010416-00010658": "main dish and dessert", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00046-00010682-00010808": "there is a small card inside", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00047-00010878-00011124": "Can you guys see what’s written on the card?", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00048-00011300-00011726": "I purposely wrote the words in small fonts and gave her a magnify glass for her to read", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00049-00011806-00012362": "There is a small compartment to keep the card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00050-00012436-00012798": "Lastly the main dish is", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00051-00012798-00012941": "spicy rabbit", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00052-00012976-00013097": "I drew a rabbit", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00053-00013158-00013402": "this is a scratch card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00054-00013402-00013588": "a sexy rabbit will be revealed", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00055-00013652-00013836": "let me show everyone, this is cute", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00056-00013900-00014046": "she is at the beach", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00057-00014054-00014334": "she look like she is shouting into the skies", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00058-00014382-00014560": "so today I'm making a card for her", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00059-00014560-00014654": "I’m a fat cat, but I like myself clean", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00060-00014662-00014862": "As you guys know, we are tidying up our room", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00061-00014868-00015216": "easy to keep is the main criteria", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00062-00015274-00015502": "while tidying our house", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00063-00015512-00015936": "we found a lot of unused items", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00064-00015936-00016206": "so I was thinking why not use the paper here", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00065-00016254-00016490": "make a card with this stack of paper", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00066-00016542-00016936": "Okay, let’s see what we can use in here", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00067-00016936-00017089": "This is so retro", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00068-00017089-00017395": "I’m going to use this envelop", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00069-00017396-00017742": "this is good too, I quite like kraftpaper", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00070-00017788-00017888": "TA-DA", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00071-00017936-00018086": "This type", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00072-00018150-00018266": "I think this is good", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00073-00018266-00018348": "I want to use this", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00074-00018494-00018614": "I feel like sneezing", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00075-00018824-00019054": "Heart-shape OMG", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00076-00019144-00019354": "Oh, this is not bad", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00077-00019422-00019894": "I like this, some leaf patterns on the paper", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00078-00020188-00020420": "I like this, this colour, can you see?", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00079-00020432-00020544": "Bei Bei:I like it", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00080-00020564-00020764": "Alright, that about all", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00081-00020812-00021121": "I’m using what I have here to make a card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00082-00021122-00021320": "we need to make an effort to recycle", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00083-00021322-00021732": "My initial idea was to make a card with more details", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00084-00021732-00021912": "however after much consideration", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00085-00021912-00022456": "I think simple and long-lasting way of life is real", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00086-00022456-00022608": "Simplicity is the way of life", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00087-00022608-00022865": "Hence, I decided to make a simple card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00088-00022970-00023212": "and to spend time with her on her birthday", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00089-00023212-00023282": "Meow~ I want to be part of it", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00090-00023282-00023514": "I will share the details in a short while", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00091-00023514-00023688": "I need some time to conceptualize the card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00092-00023688-00023850": "there is a fat cat here", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00093-00023866-00024192": "Alright, here are the papers that I will be using", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00094-00024296-00024688": "this color combination can make a nice card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00095-00024728-00024870": "alright, let's do this", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00096-00024870-00025092": "I just realized I don’t have a ruler", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00097-00025092-00025270": "Ruler is so important", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00098-00025330-00025484": "Pen knife okay", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00099-00025500-00025618": "scissors", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00100-00025618-00025800": "pencil, pencil is important", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00101-00025924-00026160": "let see if I can use these items", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00102-00026170-00026506": "to make a nice card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00103-00026506-00026692": "You want to make the card with me?", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00104-00026776-00026924": "Look away, act busy", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00105-00027072-00027392": "Bei Bei, let’s make the card together okay?", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00106-00027392-00027488": "sigh....", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00107-00027670-00027886": "No? Let’s do it together", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00108-00027886-00028086": "Stop forcing me, will you? Look away", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00109-00028348-00028548": "Recording in process", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00110-00029832-00029938": "Okay, I have decided", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00111-00029938-00030172": "the card will be based on two elements", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00112-00030172-00030533": "I’m using either the kraftpaper with this dark blue", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00113-00030583-00031006": "or light green with dark ash green", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00114-00031058-00031444": "I think I’m choosing this, this combination looks better", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00115-00031470-00031632": "The outer layer will be this", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00116-00031632-00031780": "in between will be this", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00117-00031780-00032458": "and finally this white paper with leaf pattern to write my message", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00118-00032492-00032677": "will be folding it into half", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00119-00032677-00032992": "I mentioned about the retro paper earlier", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00120-00032992-00033120": "but I’m using it *old fashion*", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00121-00033158-00033364": "as the name tag", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00122-00033364-00033582": "on the card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00123-00033612-00033712": "Bei Bei", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00124-00033744-00034055": "you look compatible with the colours of the card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00125-00034090-00034156": "Shocked", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00126-00034278-00034472": "No? obviously my furs are prettier", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00127-00034736-00034936": "Recording in process", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00128-00035594-00035818": "Bei Bei – You better don’t stop", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00129-00035818-00036064": "I have you to accompany me while making the card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00130-00039104-00039378": "Placing this 2 together and folding it into half", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00131-00046196-00046440": "Now, where should I put this tag?", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00132-00046450-00046680": "here or here?", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00133-00046740-00046860": "somewhere here", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00134-00046992-00047115": "Bei Bei what do you think?", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00135-00047115-00047206": "meow~", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00136-00047206-00047535": "Okay no answer, let me think about it.", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00137-00047558-00047816": "this cat is resting on my thigh", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00138-00047827-00048006": "Here I’m making a card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00139-00048057-00048338": "and you are sleeping on my thigh", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00140-00048384-00048651": "Look at this, she is moving her tail", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00141-00048651-00048837": "sitting on my card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00142-00048870-00048970": "little cutie", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00143-00049954-00050182": "TA-DA this is it", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00144-00050182-00050382": "I can write my message inside here", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00145-00050684-00050802": "Okay, I’ve completed the card", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00146-00050802-00051002": "open the envelop", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00147-00051026-00051248": "looks like this, after removing the card from the envelop", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00148-00051420-00051526": "that's it, completed", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00149-00051552-00051962": "I like the size of the card, it is easy to keep", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00150-00051979-00052282": "in future we can stack the cards together easily", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00151-00052282-00052559": "If the size of the card is different every year", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00152-00052562-00052674": "if the card is too big", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00153-00052674-00052858": "it will be very difficult to keep", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00154-00052858-00053064": "and if it's too difficult to keep, do you know what will happen?", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00155-00053064-00053262": "It will be discard", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00156-00053262-00053582": "This year, I am trying to recycle", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00157-00053582-00054094": "I didn’t buy any new items, using only existing items I have at home", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00158-00054132-00054417": "Alright, that’s all for today", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00159-00055146-00055448": "This card is for wolf", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00160-00055479-00055687": "So can I read the card?", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00161-00056064-00056238": "This is the Kuromi you like", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00162-00056274-00056404": "That’s right", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00163-00057234-00057646": "This card looks a little bit similar to the card last year", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00164-00057824-00057874": "This...", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00165-00058000-00058100": "You notice", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00166-00058302-00058489": "I don’t quite understand this part", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00167-00058552-00058652": "Hold on!", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00168-00059198-00059341": "The culprit", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00169-00059491-00059924": "Bei Bei is the ace student for using the potty", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00170-00060082-00060222": "leaving already", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00171-00060316-00060562": "I like it, did you make the envelop", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00172-00060562-00060922": "No, it’s ready-made envelop", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00173-00060922-00061067": "And you think that the envelop is the nicest", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00174-00061090-00061164": "Yes", "qrE_qlWl-r4-00175-00061278-00061396": "You asking for a beating?"}}, {"audio_id": "qrGXZc9Vr0A", "text": {"qrGXZc9Vr0A-00000-00000760-00001125": "there's a lot of exer games out there especially for adults and gyms where", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00001-00001125-00001441": "they have these bikes and you can go in these virtual terrains the biggest thing", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00002-00001441-00001653": "with these games is that they get boring after a while", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00003-00001653-00001992": "most kids play games because there is something that draws them to it that", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00004-00001992-00002400": "over and over and over I think it immerses them that they get are captivated by them", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00005-00002400-00002775": "then we started thinking about and we thought well maybe we can take some", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00006-00002775-00003148": "games that are out there that are open source and we can mod it", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00007-00003148-00003610": "mod it in the sense that we allow the exercise equipment to run the game to", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00008-00003610-00004062": "drive the game and then to keep the kids motivated for their goals is to", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00009-00004062-00004471": "basically create rewards in the game for achieving these awards and that's how we", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00010-00004471-00004777": "started off with the minecraft because we're targeting kids and we thought that", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00011-00004777-00005287": "is open source and the parents don't mind it supposedly an intellectual game and so", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00012-00005287-00005508": "we we started with this whole game thing", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00013-00005509-00005830": "my name is Yunhoh Huh i'm a second year PhD student", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00014-00005830-00006351": "this is an off the shelf exercise bike we tore it apart and look inside make it", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00015-00006351-00006493": "as a game controller", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00016-00006493-00007033": "what we did was making a game moding that actually enables a fitness progresses", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00017-00007033-00007497": "which will understand like a paddling and the heart rates and other", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00018-00007497-00008029": "sensor data so this is the initial prototype but we realize the game", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00019-00008029-00008227": "controller should be very precise", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00020-00008227-00008734": "this is off the shelf heart rate monitor and if I wear it is communicating with", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00021-00008734-00009132": "the sensors and the whole goal of this in particular this program is to raise", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00022-00009132-00009525": "the heart rate and they have to keep it at a certain rate for every 24 hours", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00023-00009525-00009778": "they have to achieve it for a certain amount of time so that's what we're working on", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00024-00009778-00010125": "right now and that's the hardest part actually the game always has to say fun as", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00025-00010125-00010536": "soon as a kid realizes its they're doing a game for purpose they tend to lose", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00026-00010536-00011086": "interest and so what we're trying to create now is have the actual exercise", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00027-00011086-00011565": "requirements translated into very natural quests in the game", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00028-00011827-00012406": "I met somebody who was working in the Pediatrics group and they said wow", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00029-00012406-00012750": "this might be something interesting for kids because we have these kids that are", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00030-00012750-00013062": "recovering from leukemia and tend to be very weak and they need to go through", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00031-00013062-00013266": "a rehab program", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00032-00013266-00013848": "so I said well games might motivate them to do it seems the most obvious", "qrGXZc9Vr0A-00033-00013848-00014438": "way to go is to either get licenses or open source and mod the things so that's what were doing"}}, {"audio_id": "qrXQ5B_rsPA", "text": {"qrXQ5B_rsPA-00000-00000648-00000776": "Welcome to my world!", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00001-00001048-00001352": "Hello guys it's arrie and welcome to my channel. Today", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00002-00001352-00001560": "I've got a really special video for you guys.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00003-00001560-00002039": "Namely I'm gonna do the 50 facts about me tag,butbefore moving on please don't forget", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00004-00002039-00002704": "to give this video a big thumbs up and subscribe, justdo that why not. So let's move on to the 50", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00005-00002704-00003160": "facts about me tag. Because I don't do youtube thatlong I thought it would be a fun idea", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00006-00003160-00003656": "that you get to know me a little better. That's why I'm going to do the 50 facts about me tag.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00007-00003656-00004264": "It's actually pretty simple: I'm gonna tell you50 facts about me. So let's move on to the video.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00008-00004264-00004600": "I don’t exactly now how to start this video, but let’s say hi.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00009-00004704-00005040": "Alright, my name is Arjuna And I’m 17 years old", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00010-00005040-00005432": "But if you compare me to exactly three years ago, I bet you can’t see a difference.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00011-00005488-00005864": "Except for the fact that I was in the last month of having braces, which I had for", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00012-00005928-00006272": "one year and nine months. But before that I’ve also had", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00013-00006272-00006608": "a removable bracket with headgear for a couple of months.However,", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00014-00006608-00006959": "I never wore the last one to school. As you can see, I tend to talk about", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00015-00006959-00007623": "a topicfor too long, but let's not do that now. Alright, where shall I continue? I’m 1.86mtall.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00016-00007623-00008080": "But I only grew 5 cm in the last 3 years. But now I have to stop comparing myself", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00017-00008080-00008456": "to the past. Although, my shoe size is still around 40/41. Ahhh.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00018-00008680-00009056": "Okay, I currently have a gap year. Because I graduated high school early.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00019-00009056-00009480": "But I already regretted it a bit in october Yeah I miss studying.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00020-00009480-00009912": "But I hope to study in the Randstad next year. And I would like to do something with", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00021-00009912-00010224": "economics,but I am still considering other studies.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00022-00010320-00010648": "I was born in Amsterdam. But I moved a lot in the past.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00023-00010648-00011200": "So I went to 4 different elementry schools. And that while I completed it in only 6.5 years.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00024-00011200-00011528": "But luckily I did finish highschool in the normal way.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00025-00011528-00012040": "And I miss that time very much. My favourite number is 4738.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00026-00012040-00012432": "I don’t know why, but I once choose it for an account and now it’s my number.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00027-00012432-00012863": "I also have a lot of hobbies. I, of course, create videos, write stories", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00028-00012863-00013400": "play chess, dance a bit, and I love to try newsports in which I all fail in the beginning.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00029-00013400-00013656": "But I am a real go-getter. And that has already helped", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00030-00013656-00013952": "me with a lot of things. I don't have any pets and", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00031-00013952-00014296": "I don't think I'll ever get one. I’m a bit allergic and scared.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00032-00014296-00014888": "But maybe someday I will take a fish. You never know. I hope to live in a penthouse one day.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00033-00014888-00015160": "And when I am old and have enough money, I want to travel the world.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00034-00015240-00015512": "And if I become super rich, I want to travel to space.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00035-00015512-00015991": "Or I can go as an astronaut, which I think issuper cool, but chances aren’t really high.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00036-00015991-00016400": "When we moved from Holland to Overijssel,I was surprised when we could drive", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00037-00016400-00016672": "without traffic jams. I was very used to it.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00038-00016672-00017096": "In the past, I often didn't mind waiting long for something. Although, sometimes I was the", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00039-00017096-00017552": "only one in that. Only now and then got a little mad from people who cutted the line or", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00040-00017552-00017960": "were faster in an ‘extra’ row. I love my hair, it grows really fast,", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00041-00017960-00018440": "and therefore I donated it twice in the past. And I’m thinking about taking highlights.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00042-00018440-00018824": "Do you think it will look good on me? I’m following this eurovision season.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00043-00018824-00019256": "And my favourite songs are from Finland, Denmark, and Zwitserland.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00044-00019256-00019632": "My favourite bands are Toto and Queen. And my favourite songs from them are", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00045-00019632-00020096": "Mushanga and I’m going slightly mad. But actually I like a lot of songs,", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00046-00020096-00020664": "so don’t forget: Roxette, Heart,Abba, Meat loaf, U2 and more.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00047-00020664-00020864": "I don’t have netflix. So the series that I", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00048-00020864-00021248": "follow are mainly on television. And I still have about five movies", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00049-00021248-00021792": "on DVD, which I really want to see. My two biggest dreams as a child were that I could", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00050-00021792-00022160": "do magic and that I could unicycle. I still can't do both.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00051-00022160-00022528": "And I could tell a lot more things, but then it becomes more than 50 facts.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00052-00022528-00022816": "Although I did not expect in advance that I would come this far.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00053-00022816-00023064": "I hope you've got to know me a little better. If you do", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00054-00023064-00023440": "please don't forget to give this video a big thumbs up and subscribe.", "qrXQ5B_rsPA-00055-00023440-00023984": "I've already said that but just do that why not. See you next time, bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "qrbxgD-YSkE", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "qs4XUZokinQ", "text": {"qs4XUZokinQ-00000-00000000-00000200": "ASUS STRIX RTX 3080 Ti 12GB | RDR2 | i9-12900K / DDR5 5200MHz"}}, {"audio_id": "qsqd5aUXSVu", "text": {"qsqd5aUXSVu-00000-00000017-00000594": "Hello! In the past month uber has made some big news. They're", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00001-00000594-00001146": "showing the drivers the the passengers destination at the ping. They recently", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00002-00001146-00001641": "just announced that how we're getting paid is different. How search works is", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00003-00001641-00002100": "different. How the quest bonus works different so in this video we're going", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00004-00002100-00002505": "to look at these changes and why we think they're happening and at the end", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00005-00002505-00002859": "of the video I'm going to share with you whether I think lyft is going to follow", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00006-00002859-00003546": "suit and make the same kind of changes. Hey everybody it is Jay Crater with the", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00007-00003546-00004220": "rideshare guy and today we're gonna be talking about lyft and uber and Ab5 and", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00008-00004220-00004848": "you may notice, I'm not in my car I am coming to you live from a hotel room in", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00009-00004848-00005307": "Bangkok! Pretty classic picture right there. I'm in my hotel room and this is a", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00010-00005307-00005973": "the wall and I love Thailand so I'm really happy and I'm happy to be making this", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00011-00005973-00006704": "video for you so let's jump right in. So number one is uber announcements so last", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00012-00006704-00007304": "month we saw uber in California start to show the passengers destination at the", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00013-00007304-00007872": "ping and then earlier this week, this is the email that I got and as we look at", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00014-00007872-00008484": "this you can see that we are now getting paid a straight percentage of what the", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00015-00008484-00009018": "passenger is paying so that has changed quite a bit.  Then you can see we're", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00016-00009018-00009717": "now paid surge as a multiplier so gone is the penny surge. Exact fares for uber", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00017-00009717-00010561": "pool trips quest and boost promotions are changing so that's a lot of changes.", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00018-00010561-00011114": "Number two: why is uber making these changes that seem to be positive and", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00019-00011114-00011757": "beneficial to the drivers? Well in one word it's AB5. AB5 which was", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00020-00011757-00012293": "passed into law when governor Gavin Newsom in California signed it and then", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00021-00012293-00012997": "it became law on the 1st of this year. Less than two weeks ago now", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00022-00012997-00013816": "Uber and lyft are just ignoring the law and uber and postmates have filed", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00023-00013816-00014196": "the suit against the state of California saying that this law is unconstitutional.", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00024-00014196-00014950": "Well let's take a look at what this law is. Number three: what is AB5? What", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00025-00014950-00015369": "I'm showing you on the screen are the three questions that any independent", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00026-00015369-00015913": "contractor has to answer correctly in order to be a legit independent", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00027-00015913-00016480": "contractor so the first one is the worker must be free from the control and", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00028-00016480-00016879": "direction of the payor (In this case, the payer would be uber and lyft) in", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00029-00016879-00017200": "connection with the performance of the work both under the contract and in fact.", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00030-00017200-00017773": "This clearly is not the case for us drivers. We are not free from the control", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00031-00017773-00018244": "and direction of the payor. What Uber is trying to do here is give us a little", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00032-00018244-00018730": "more transparency and a little bit more control but let's face it. We still", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00033-00018730-00019207": "cannot set our own rates. If a passenger complains, we're gonna get deactivated. We", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00034-00019207-00019636": "do not have much control. We're giving a little bit more but I really don't think", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00035-00019636-00020167": "Uber is anywhere close to beating number 1. Number 2: the worker must", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00036-00020167-00020595": "perform work that is outside the usual course of the payers business. This", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00037-00020595-00021073": "is the one where they really have a hard time convincing anybody.", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00038-00021073-00021508": "Uber and lyft are a transportation business that's what", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00039-00021508-00021919": "they're known for is driving people from point A to point B. we're the drivers so", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00040-00021919-00022426": "we are actually totally part of their usual course of their business and we", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00041-00022426-00022984": "are not outside of it but that is going to be settled in court.", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00042-00022984-00023407": "Number 3: the worker must be customarily engaged in an independently", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00043-00023407-00023776": "established trade occupation or business of the same nature as the work performed.", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00044-00023776-00024379": "That just means we can have multiple clients. Why is we're doing this?", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00045-00024379-00024688": "They're trying to give us a little bit more control and if they can give us a", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00046-00024688-00025108": "little more control when they have to plead their case in court", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00047-00025108-00025573": "They have this as a little bit of ammunition. I think it still falls really", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00048-00025573-00026044": "short but one thing you can say is AB5 is making some positive changes happen", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00049-00026044-00026577": "for the drivers. Number 4 i promise you what will lyft do? Well it is my", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00050-00026577-00027193": "opinion that lyft will do the exact same thing. Why?  Historically lyft tends", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00051-00027193-00027883": "to follow what uber does. We saw that in the situation where uber changed the", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00052-00027883-00028186": "per minute and the per mile rate,  they", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00053-00028186-00028744": "lowered the per mile which impacted how much drivers were paid and then lyft did", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00054-00028744-00029056": "the exact same thing. Uber was the first to go from", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00055-00029056-00029644": "multipliers surged to penny surge and then certainly there after lyft", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00056-00029644-00030256": "came out with their personal power zones. Uber went from six", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00057-00030256-00030682": "destination filters to two and just recently a few months ago lyft did the", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00058-00030682-00031114": "same thing. Historically we've seen uber take the big action and lyft follow.", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00059-00031114-00031669": "The key takeaways: this is all good news for drivers. These are positive changes", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00060-00031669-00032352": "for the most part. Being able to see the destination at the ping which is", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00061-00032352-00032644": "happening now in California and is expected to expand out to the rest of", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00062-00032644-00033159": "the country. Fantastic! Having multiplier surge back is fantastic!", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00063-00033159-00033586": "As expected uber and lyft are just ignoring the law.", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00064-00033586-00033991": "we are a country of laws. They've been skirting the law. Now they're defiantly", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00065-00033991-00034468": "ignoring the law and this is going to ultimately be settled in court. It looks", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00066-00034468-00034894": "like as many of us predicted but we didn't really think uber would take", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00067-00034894-00035305": "the lead and give us some of the things they've given us so it's actually been a", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00068-00035305-00035722": "really good thing. Thanks for watching! This is Jay", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00069-00035722-00036472": "coming to you from Bangkok Thailand and having a blast here. If you're not", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00070-00036472-00036897": "subscribed yet to our channel, click Subscribe. Please give us a thumbs up", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00071-00036897-00037233": "that really helps the algorithm to get more people to be able to see", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00072-00037233-00037644": "this video. This is important that everyone started to understand AB5 and", "qsqd5aUXSVu-00073-00037644-00038212": "its impact on you as a driver. Go out and have a great day and be safe out there."}}, {"audio_id": "qsqMi2qQoy0", "text": {"qsqMi2qQoy0-00000-00001300-00001542": "Interviewer: Welcome to Blockshow 2018 Europe.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00001-00001542-00002016": "I'm here and we're speaking with one of the members of ConsenSys, so my first question", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00002-00002016-00002329": "to you, Ajit, is if you could just talk to us a little bit about what ConsenSys is and", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00003-00002329-00002520": "what your role is there?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00005-00003229-00004042": "Ajit: Sure. So Consensus is a venture production studio based in Brooklyn, now we have offices in", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00006-00004042-00004876": "London, in about 30 countries, including London, [France] Paris, South Africa, Australia, Singapore", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00007-00004876-00005735": "- so we're building teams all over the world to essentially develop blockchain based solutions.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00008-00005735-00006281": "And we create a lot of startups, so we're technology builders and we are creating tools,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00009-00006281-00006989": "components, infrastructure and solutions for a decentralized ecosystem so, if I had to", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00010-00006989-00007494": "put this in one line, we create technology for N-sided marketplaces, right.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00011-00007494-00008170": "So what that means is that today in the [whole] world everything was dominated by centralized", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00012-00008170-00008609": "platforms, like banks or, you know, the likes of Facebook -", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00013-00008609-00009289": "they all dominate either data or assets, and start... become rent-seeking participants", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00014-00009289-00009427": "in the economy.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00015-00009427-00010142": "We want to shift that to peer-to-peer paradigm where the individual is empowered and we think", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00016-00010142-00010574": "technology, especially blockchain technology has a big role to play in creating an ecosystem", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00017-00010574-00011411": "where we do not depend on these dominant intermediaries in every single market for information and", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00018-00011411-00011511": "assets.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00019-00011511-00011860": "I: So do you have any projects in ConsenSys right now that you're really excited about", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00020-00011860-00012142": "that you're developing, that are maybe close to mass adoption?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00021-00012142-00012653": "A: So it'd be very very difficult for me to not be excited about some of our projects,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00022-00012653-00013033": "so blockchain is early-stage technology, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00023-00013033-00013733": "But at the same time in the enterprise space we have seen a lot of progress, so we are", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00024-00013733-00014483": "actually working on a project with some very large financial institutions that I can't", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00025-00014483-00015291": "announce right now, but that's tremendously exciting, we are working on infrastructure", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00026-00015291-00015859": "components, like, you know, Truffle is the most popular development tool in all of Ethereum", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00027-00015859-00016664": "development community, then Metamask has had 1 million downloads - it's a wallet.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00028-00016664-00017261": "Infura can support up to 12 billion transactions a day which it's for read-only transactions,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00029-00017261-00017888": "and takes a lot off load of the Ethereum - the public Ethereum blockchain.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00030-00017888-00018365": "So infrastructure tools like that are extremely exciting, my focus is on decentralized exchanges,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00031-00018365-00019038": "and regulation and policy, so decentralized exchanges are peer-to-peer marketplaces for", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00032-00019038-00019307": "exchanging digital and digitized assets, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00033-00019307-00019428": "So let's say...", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00034-00019428-00019838": "And what that means, is that historically we've had centralized exchanges for the most", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00035-00019838-00019938": "part, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00036-00019938-00020367": "Like, the things like NASDAQ, or NYSE, and so on, and so forth, or Deutsche Börse and", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00037-00020367-00021082": "NESTOR, that are very efficient in terms of providing liquidity, but then are not so great", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00038-00021082-00021845": "for low liquidity assets, so for a wide range of digital assets, that need sort of this", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00039-00021845-00022620": "peer-to-peer discovery for exchanging - so we are working on this next-generation decentralized", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00040-00022620-00022720": "exchange platforms.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00041-00022720-00023251": "We are working on crypto custody, so Trustology is our platform for an institutional great", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00042-00023251-00023667": "crypto custody that'll be... that will go live at the end of this year, so, I mean we", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00043-00023667-00024236": "have 40+ projects, we have a \"blockchain for social impact\" project, we have venture capital", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00044-00024236-00024804": "arm now, we are creating a lot of ventures in partnership with enterprise customers,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00045-00024804-00025548": "so we are... in some sense our role is to unleash this entrepreneurial spirit or energy", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00046-00025548-00025986": "of the whole blockchain community, whether it's the enterprise community or the crypto", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00047-00025986-00026257": "community, and these are all starting to converge.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00048-00026257-00026825": "I come from the enterprise space, I worked for Goldman, Barclay's, UBS, PwC, so some", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00049-00026825-00027373": "of the most established institutions and the kind of intermediaries I talked about, and", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00050-00027373-00028198": "I sort of bring the whole power and this innovation in the crypto ecosystem to institutions and", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00051-00028198-00028724": "legacy - so my role is to help some of these institutions understand what's going on in", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00052-00028724-00029139": "crypto and how they can leverage this technology to participate in this decentralization revolution,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00053-00029139-00029256": "so to speak.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00054-00029256-00029764": "I: Ok, so my next question is two parts, the first one is - what made you leave working", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00055-00029764-00030127": "with these intermediaries and go to the crypto space?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00056-00030127-00030506": "And the second thing is - I notice that I cover a lot of news that this Wall Street", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00057-00030506-00030900": "exec now works for Coinbase, this Wall Street exec now works for Ex-Crypto company - do", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00058-00030900-00031186": "you think that's like a theme we're gonna keep seeing in the future with you kind of", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00059-00031186-00031432": "being one of the examples?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00060-00031432-00031779": "A: So I can't speak for everybody's motivations, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00061-00031779-00032427": "So on one hand some people are excited about the growth of the crypto ecosystem and that's", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00062-00032427-00032863": "perfectly honorable and great, and some people are excited by the sheer amount of wealth", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00063-00032863-00033207": "that's flowing into this ecosystem, and that's perfectly honorable as well.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00064-00033207-00033868": "I'm an engineer, I came from technology and did some work in consulting and regulation.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00065-00033868-00034383": "In the process I met Joe - Joe is the CEO of ConsenSys, and Joe has something about", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00066-00034383-00034551": "him, so... he, you know...", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00067-00034551-00035498": "Joe is an inspirational figure, he has this ability to excite people about this future,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00068-00035498-00036150": "like this decentralized Internet, and then this decentralized insider marketplace idea,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00069-00036150-00036793": "that we are building in so many different sectors of the global economy, and this whole", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00070-00036793-00037257": "thing about being able to build something - something that's futuristic, and, you know,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00071-00037257-00037721": "a lot of large institutions want to innovate or companies want to innovate, but they have", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00072-00037721-00038114": "the innovator’s dilemma, they're tied to what exists today, and they are scared of", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00073-00038114-00038269": "disrupting their own businesses.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00074-00038269-00038493": "With ConsenSys there is no such thing, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00075-00038493-00039313": "ConsenSys exist to create new things, ConsenSys does a lot of experimentation, ConsenSys is", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00076-00039313-00039859": "purely focused on innovation, and that's what made me really excited about ConsenSys at", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00077-00039859-00040516": "this time, because if you have an idea and if you have a team, and you can actually make", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00078-00040516-00041243": "things happen - then ConsenSys is a great place for people to go - and we are hiring", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00079-00041243-00041343": "right now.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00080-00041343-00041536": "I: [Laughs] The next question involves [this] - I've noticed on your Twitter, you've been", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00081-00041536-00041848": "tweeting a lot about the new GDPR-EU privacy bill...", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00082-00041848-00042005": "A: Yeah, I have strong views on that.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00083-00042005-00042477": "I: Including a tweet of a refrigerator giving a family privacy update notice.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00084-00042477-00042577": "A: Right.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00085-00042577-00042677": "I: What do you think about that?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00086-00042677-00042881": "Could you expand on why you've been tweeting all about that?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00087-00042881-00043165": "A: So GDPR is well-intentioned, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00088-00043165-00043760": "I mean, it was partly [that] our current privacy regime is outdated, that we know, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00089-00043760-00044399": "So that previous regime needs an update, you know that as well, because now we have Facebook,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00090-00044399-00044919": "and we have Google, and you have lots of these data intermediaries - it's central monopolies,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00091-00044919-00045378": "that are taking everybody's data and selling ads back to them, and might even...", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00092-00045378-00045771": "And as we found out from Edward Snowden, might be giving their data off to the government", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00093-00045771-00046034": "for surveillance, so...", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00094-00046034-00046500": "And the NSA using public data for surveillance was a major political issue in various parts", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00095-00046500-00046765": "of Europe, especially in Germany.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00096-00046765-00047160": "And to some extent the GDPR was a well-intentioned response to that.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00097-00047160-00047797": "But if you look at how the regulation has been written, then it has some significant", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00098-00047797-00048487": "flaws or at least, you know, that regulation needs a little bit of adaptation", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00099-00048487-00048982": "to the technology that's emerging, because what we don't want to do is... because privacy", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00100-00048982-00049147": "isn't the only need, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00101-00049147-00049526": "So privacy is a very very important need, but then there is also...", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00102-00049526-00050051": "The Europe needs to remain competitive against other jurisdictions, we need to create great", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00103-00050051-00050510": "technology, we need to make sure that our economies are competitive against China, and", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00104-00050510-00050718": "India, and the US, and so on, and so forth.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00105-00050718-00051175": "We need a technology ecosystem in this continent that's competitive.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00106-00051175-00051577": "So now GDPR runs the risk of being too restrictive, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00107-00051577-00052029": "And so the disincentivizing innovation, whether it's innovation in AI, in big data [unintelligible]", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00108-00052029-00052416": "and machine learning, blockchain, and so on, and so forth - so the way the regulation is", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00109-00052416-00053011": "written is very confusing to a lot of technologists today, and there is no legal precedent, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00110-00053011-00053549": "So, for example, we have a right to be forgotten, now what does that mean in practice?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00111-00053549-00053858": "So I used to be a consultant for banks, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00112-00053858-00054374": "I did a lot of consulting for banks, and at PwC, and now if you try to actually delete", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00113-00054374-00054913": "a customer's data from, bank because of the GDPR, there are ten other regulatory requirements", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00114-00054913-00055132": "that prevent you from doing that, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00115-00055132-00055950": "So in theory it sounds fantastic, but in practice implementing GDPR is really hard now, and", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00116-00055950-00056561": "it can actually make people very concerned, so Parity, who have a KYC utility PICOPS,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00117-00056561-00057297": "which is very popular with the ICOs, had to stop its service, because now they are really", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00118-00057297-00057416": "concerned about GDPR, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00119-00057416-00057942": "Now on one hand you have KYC and AML regulations, and you definitely want to have KYC and AML", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00120-00057942-00058517": "regulations, ICOs comply with all of that, and now suddenly we have to stop a very useful", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00121-00058517-00058950": "service called PICOPS because of GDPR our concerns, because there is a lot of legal", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00122-00058950-00059336": "and regulatory uncertainty, these guys don't want to be in legal trouble because they are", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00123-00059336-00059539": "offering a great service, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00124-00059539-00059989": "So because right now there is a lot of uncertainty, there is no legal precedent for GDPR, we don't", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00125-00059989-00060430": "know how the various courts will rule, and GDPR doesn't protect you from government,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00126-00060430-00060901": "so the UK government has cameras on every street, and there is no protection for that", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00127-00060901-00061133": "from GDPR, there is a bunch of derogations, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00128-00061133-00061749": "Or the governments might enforce a backdoor on encryption, and there's no protection from", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00129-00061749-00062260": "that, there's no protection from surveillance by governments, so GDPR has significant limitations,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00130-00062260-00062791": "it may actually not be able to protect privacy of individuals to the extent that it aspires", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00131-00062791-00063204": "to - but it is definitely well-intentioned and its response to the...", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00132-00063204-00063986": "So, I think what will happen, is that over a period of time policymakers and regulators", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00133-00063986-00064248": "and technology providers will all work together.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00134-00064248-00064848": "So we are working on a project with the European Commission, it's called the EU Blockchain", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00135-00064848-00065307": "Observatory, and we invite ecosystem, you know, all the blockchain ecosystem participants", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00136-00065307-00065899": "to engage in that process, and at some point policymakers and regulators will adapt GDPR", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00137-00065899-00066394": "to this new and exciting technology that's coming up, but until then there is a lot of", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00138-00066394-00066736": "confusion and and uncertainty in the marketplace.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00139-00066736-00067343": "I: So going off of that - the regulatory uncertainty that exists has led to a lot of confusing", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00140-00067343-00067774": "regulations that have, you know - in China there's been a lot of bans that have caused", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00141-00067774-00068281": "companies to move to Hong Kong, in India the Central Bank ended all crypto dealings, and", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00142-00068281-00068650": "then it's been sued, and it's been going back and forth - could you comment on any of that?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00143-00068650-00068975": "I mean you mentioned the Blockchain Observatory, what other steps could be done to stop these", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00144-00068975-00069092": "kind of [issues]?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00145-00069092-00069780": "A: Yeah, so regulatory approaches around the world are rooted in their culture, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00146-00069780-00070376": "So I wrote a little bit of a humorous article about this on Finextra, so, for example, when", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00147-00070376-00071019": "we talked to kids at the dinner table in the US, we tell... when they're not behaving,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00148-00071019-00071241": "in the US we tell them to go to their rooms.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00149-00071241-00071607": "In China, in India we might actually hit them.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00150-00071607-00072183": "So crypto is like this kid growing up, and regulators are like these parents who behave", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00151-00072183-00072564": "in ways that are attuned to their culture, right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00152-00072564-00073085": "Now some of these are knee-jerk responses from regulators around the world because,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00153-00073085-00073662": "for example, in China there was a Communist Party Congress, just before Bitcoin was banned,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00154-00073662-00073762": "right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00155-00073762-00074263": "And the government didn't want social instability, and there was a very bullish market that could", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00156-00074263-00074530": "have caused a lot of problems for individual investors.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00157-00074530-00074920": "So a lot of these things that regulators are doing are well-intentioned, but part of the", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00158-00074920-00075364": "challenge is that the crypto community hasn't really engaged with policymakers - we haven't", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00159-00075364-00076020": "tried or invested in educating, so initially the Bitcoin came out of a bit of a revolution,", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00160-00076020-00076120": "right?", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00161-00076120-00076573": "We were rebelling, the crypto community was rebelling against the \"Chancellor Bailout\",", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00162-00076573-00077177": "and Occupy Wall Street was the theme, but now that kid, rebellious teenager, has grown", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00163-00077177-00077826": "up a little bit, and it's time for us as technologists to engage with the other processes of the", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00164-00077826-00078327": "society, such as regulation and policy, and work collaboratively, help regulators understand", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00165-00078327-00078687": "what's going on, help governments understand what's going on, educate ourselves on why", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00166-00078687-00079074": "the rules are the way they are, why the securities laws are set up the way they are, and then", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00167-00079074-00079676": "maybe find this ground where we can... the technology can develop and create the fairer", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00168-00079676-00080099": "world, but at the same time without causing some of the issues that might occur if we", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00169-00080099-00080263": "are not responsible in using this technology.", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00170-00080263-00080363": "I: Great!", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00171-00080363-00081111": "That was my last question, so thank you so much for coming, for attending the Blockshow!", "qsqMi2qQoy0-00172-00081111-00082169": "A: Thank you so much, it was my pleasure, thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "qsLUQ3B94Co", "text": {"qsLUQ3B94Co-00000-00000529-00001017": "Hey Columbia my name is Leigh DeForth I'm the city's comprehensive planner and", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00001-00001017-00001392": "I'm here to talk to you about national community planning month national", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00002-00001392-00001734": "community planning month is a nationwide celebration sponsored by the American", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00003-00001734-00002102": "Planning Association and it's a time for planners throughout the country to", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00004-00002102-00002541": "really highlight what planning does in our communities the city of Columbia is", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00005-00002541-00002960": "in a huge planning process right now we are working our way through the", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00006-00002960-00003515": "comprehensive plan called Columbia compass I hope you've heard of it we are", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00007-00003515-00003870": "at the tail end of that planning process and we're really working on drafting the", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00008-00003870-00004407": "plan at this point now and hope to have that plan to y'all in early 2020", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00009-00004407-00004778": "throughout planning month we will be trying to highlight planning on our", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00010-00004778-00005228": "social media feed so if you follow us at Cola compass on Facebook or Twitter", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00011-00005228-00005564": "we'll be trying to highlight not only the basics of planning for but this", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00012-00005564-00005985": "year's theme is infrastructure that benefits all so we'll be talking a", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00013-00005985-00006371": "little bit about the infrastructure throughout the city that's really a", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00014-00006371-00006806": "result of some great planning efforts and that's really become a benefit to", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00015-00006806-00007317": "the community as a whole planning is by its very nature something that we really", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00016-00007317-00007736": "want the public to be engaged with and involved in so if you haven't already", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00017-00007736-00008183": "make sure to check out Columbia compass org to stay up to date on our", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00018-00008183-00008679": "comprehensive planning process again that will be wrapping up in early 2020", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00019-00008679-00009125": "but we have an email list there you can sign up for updates we're sending out", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00020-00009125-00009482": "informative newsletters you can follow us on Facebook or Twitter @ColaCompass", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00021-00009482-00009975": "and really we just ask that you continue to stay engaged with planning", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00022-00009975-00010382": "issues a lot of what we talk about as citizens of Columbia it's really tied to", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00023-00010382-00010752": "what planning can do for us there has the opportunity to do for us so whether", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00024-00010752-00011214": "you're talking about congestion or you're talking about whether or not you", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00025-00011214-00011667": "have a safe place to walk or ride those are all planning issues and we want to", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00026-00011667-00012018": "make sure that you're thinking about those in the planning mindset and and", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00027-00012018-00012554": "engaging and learning more about how we can make things better in Columbia hey", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00028-00012554-00012822": "there mayor benjamín here thanks for watching this", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00029-00012822-00013225": "video make sure you give it a like right below the video and don't forget to", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00030-00013225-00013641": "subscribe also while you're here be sure to check out one of our other videos or", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00031-00013641-00014104": "follow on our social media platforms thanks again and remember we are", "qsLUQ3B94Co-00032-00014104-00014376": "Columbia."}}, {"audio_id": "qsQ4p1AaYV0", "text": {"qsQ4p1AaYV0-00000-00000003-00000564": "[Ian] What does it mean if somebody's being extra? [Stella] Subashri. Every single freaking day.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00001-00000564-00000796": "♪♪", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00002-00000796-00001605": "For example, when Subashri brought her dog over to the Dog House and it pooped outside she cleaned it up", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00003-00001605-00002256": "and then put some water on the grass to clean it because she said it wasn't clean when the dog pooped-", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00004-00002256-00003065": "No, because someone might still step on it, and it would be all - and it was like diarrhea so it would be like right there on their feet.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00005-00003098-00003500": "Subashri, dogs poop outside.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00006-00003500-00003678": "That's pretty good.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00007-00003678-00003974": "What else? What are some other extra things Subashri does?", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00008-00003974-00004786": "[Stella] Oh, extra means doing something more than somebody needs to be doing. [Subashri] Doing the most, that's what people say.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00009-00004786-00005372": "[Stella] It's doing the most. [Subashri] You're doing the most by taking, buying all that stuff just for this, us.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00010-00005372-00005887": "For listening to Stella talking. Especially Stella, she's like the-", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00011-00005888-00006480": "That's like buying a camera to record a penny. Or record an ant.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00012-00006480-00006752": "Did you just? At least I'm worth something, I got Abraham Lincoln on me!", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00013-00006752-00006992": "[Subashri] What? [Stella] You just called me a penny.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00014-00006992-00007478": "[Subashri] Yeah, because you do nothing.  [Stella] Okay, you're a quarter.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00015-00007478-00008436": "People don't ask for pennies no more. People ask for quarters a lot. They ask their parents, \"can I have a quarter? Oh my gosh, could I have a quarter?\"", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00016-00008436-00009068": "[Stella] For example, Subashri's doing the most right now... [Subashri] To make fun of... [Stella] Me.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00017-00009068-00009534": "Or like, what else do you do the most of? Oh, when you talk about Nick.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00018-00009534-00009874": "I don't talk about Nick. Audrey does. Sometimes.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00019-00009874-00010349": "[Stella] You guys made an Instagram for him. [Subashri] Oh yeah, we had an Instagram for Nick!", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00020-00010349-00010718": "And people actually followed us; a lot of animal and yoga places.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00021-00010718-00011340": "Did you know there's goat yoga? Where you're just like in a room and you're doing yoga and there's like these goats walking around", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00022-00011340-00012364": "and like they do like the thing where your body's like that and that goats will just walk up onto you since it thinks you're like a [Subashri] Mountain.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00023-00012364-00012756": "perch or something. They just walk up you because they're baby goats.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00024-00012756-00013263": "[Stella] Would you get a goat? [Subashri] No, they're too oily, the ones I've felt.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00025-00013263-00013756": "[Stella] Ha, oily! They're too oily! [Subashri] You can feel it. It feels like weird.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00026-00013756-00014672": "[Stella] Okay, what would you get? What's the next animal you're gonna get? [Subashri] Maybe... an eel.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00027-00014672-00014962": "[Ian] Define extra.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00028-00014962-00015478": "[Google Assistant] Extra: over the top, excessive, dramatic behavior, way too much.", "qsQ4p1AaYV0-00029-00015478-00016216": "Example: Robert's behavior was extra when he refused to accept Anna's apology."}}, {"audio_id": "qtgasLWiAyk", "text": {"qtgasLWiAyk-00000-00000000-00000698": "We're getting ready to board our flight. We are out of here.", "qtgasLWiAyk-00001-00000698-00001666": "like last last on the food chain.", "qtgasLWiAyk-00002-00002126-00002503": "Welcome to my world.", "qtgasLWiAyk-00003-00003851-00004553": "We are in Newport Beach California at the top leader retreat for Yonique. We have", "qtgasLWiAyk-00004-00004553-00005121": "all sorts of boss types here and hustlers and women just doing incredible", "qtgasLWiAyk-00005-00005121-00005651": "things love doing incredible things. There are chiropractors, attorneys", "qtgasLWiAyk-00006-00005651-00006401": "hairstylist. You name it they are here and I'm super excited to introduce you", "qtgasLWiAyk-00007-00006401-00006878": "to a lot of them and hang out with them tonight at the Welcome Reception and", "qtgasLWiAyk-00008-00006878-00007418": "it's gonna be awesome.", "qtgasLWiAyk-00009-00008297-00009036": "Our morning is getting ready to start. We had breakfast brought to us this", "qtgasLWiAyk-00010-00009036-00009501": "morning with the time change. We knew that we would be up early and now we're", "qtgasLWiAyk-00011-00009501-00010022": "actually headed to the official breakfast which it is like noon at home", "qtgasLWiAyk-00012-00010022-00010443": "but it's breakfast time here in California, sunny California, I must add.", "qtgasLWiAyk-00013-00010443-00011311": "We're gonna go meet a bunch of mom preneurs and businesswomen and boss babes", "qtgasLWiAyk-00014-00011311-00016390": "down for breakfast.", "qtgasLWiAyk-00015-00016390-00016989": "Being a mom, I'm sure premier it gives me complete flexibility in my life and", "qtgasLWiAyk-00016-00016989-00017658": "helps me I think helps me be a better wife, plus me to be a better person,", "qtgasLWiAyk-00017-00017658-00018381": "because I have time and it's something that daily builds constantly and when", "qtgasLWiAyk-00018-00018381-00018615": "your daily doing and building your confidence", "qtgasLWiAyk-00019-00018615-00019176": "become a better person that helps other people who help others. I love working", "qtgasLWiAyk-00020-00019176-00019584": "from home. I love working for my phone. I'm a mom with two super busy kids and", "qtgasLWiAyk-00021-00019584-00019917": "there's nothing that beats the schedule the money. the friendships sisterhood", "qtgasLWiAyk-00022-00019917-00020412": "it's amazing. I love being a female entrepreneur because you know what I get", "qtgasLWiAyk-00023-00020412-00020772": "to make my own schedule. I get to work from home. I get to do whatever I want.", "qtgasLWiAyk-00024-00020772-00021354": "This is my world that I am creating and I am living in it and I am loving every", "qtgasLWiAyk-00025-00021354-00021604": "minute of it.", "qtgasLWiAyk-00026-00022771-00023504": "Hey my name is Megan James and I'm a blood test for summer with younique and I", "qtgasLWiAyk-00027-00023504-00023843": "don't have to say that the coolest thing about being an entrepreneur is that I", "qtgasLWiAyk-00028-00023843-00024302": "make my own hours and the financial freedom then it gives to be at places", "qtgasLWiAyk-00029-00024302-00024800": "like it was. I was on welfare prior to so I would have never I would have never", "qtgasLWiAyk-00030-00024800-00025319": "been able to afford these things. I'm a mom of two and I actually retired my", "qtgasLWiAyk-00031-00025319-00025679": "husband from the oil rigs so that we could be together and it was all from", "qtgasLWiAyk-00032-00025679-00027555": "network marketing. This is pretty sweet!", "qtgasLWiAyk-00033-00027555-00028332": "I'm Liz Medley and I believe in you."}}, {"audio_id": "qthD9GzHaHE", "text": {"qthD9GzHaHE-00000-00000565-00000936": "You might have an assignment to write a literature view in one of your classes", "qthD9GzHaHE-00001-00000946-00001249": "or been told that you need to include a literature review in your final", "qthD9GzHaHE-00002-00001249-00001579": "research paper. What is a literature review?", "qthD9GzHaHE-00003-00001813-00002275": "A literature review is a type of scholarly researched writing that discusses the", "qthD9GzHaHE-00004-00002275-00002775": "already published information on a topic. This already published information,", "qthD9GzHaHE-00005-00002803-00003301": "called the literature, can be from primary information sources such as speeches,", "qthD9GzHaHE-00006-00003310-00003810": "interviews, and reports or from secondary information sources such as peer", "qthD9GzHaHE-00007-00003835-00004182": "reviewed journal articles, dissertations, and books.", "qthD9GzHaHE-00008-00004228-00004579": "These types of sources are probably familiar to you from previous research", "qthD9GzHaHE-00009-00004579-00004774": "projects you've done in your classes.", "qthD9GzHaHE-00010-00005029-00005455": "You can write a literature review as a standalone paper or as a part of a larger", "qthD9GzHaHE-00011-00005455-00005749": "research paper. When a standalone paper,", "qthD9GzHaHE-00012-00005755-00006154": "the literature review acts as a summary of what has been said and done about a", "qthD9GzHaHE-00013-00006154-00006348": "topic in the field so far.", "qthD9GzHaHE-00014-00006472-00006834": "This can be very useful for other scholars, so they can catch up with major", "qthD9GzHaHE-00015-00006834-00007222": "developments in the field and see what work needs to be done on the topic in the", "qthD9GzHaHE-00016-00007222-00007641": "future. When part of a larger paper,", "qthD9GzHaHE-00017-00007659-00008133": "a literature view still acts as a summary, but the prior information it provides", "qthD9GzHaHE-00018-00008133-00008633": "can also support the new information, research, or arguments presented later in", "qthD9GzHaHE-00019-00008664-00008747": "the paper.", "qthD9GzHaHE-00020-00009018-00009423": "Using the literature review as an introduction is useful because it provides", "qthD9GzHaHE-00021-00009423-00009810": "readers with the foundational or background knowledge needed to understand the", "qthD9GzHaHE-00022-00009810-00010019": "information in the rest of the paper.", "qthD9GzHaHE-00023-00010237-00010390": "Like a standalone paper,", "qthD9GzHaHE-00024-00010399-00010855": "the literature review can highlight key ideas or gaps in the work in a field and", "qthD9GzHaHE-00025-00010855-00011260": "how the new research information fits within the established literature.", "qthD9GzHaHE-00026-00011437-00011842": "The literature review made seem familiar to you because you have quoted or", "qthD9GzHaHE-00027-00011842-00012154": "summarized information sources and other papers.", "qthD9GzHaHE-00028-00012292-00012685": "Just remember that whether standing alone or part of a larger paper,", "qthD9GzHaHE-00029-00012697-00013084": "a literature review does not present an argument or new information.", "qthD9GzHaHE-00030-00013113-00013613": "The literature review is a foundation that summarizes and synthesizes the", "qthD9GzHaHE-00031-00013627-00014022": "existing literature in order for you and your readers to understand what has", "qthD9GzHaHE-00032-00014022-00014275": "already been said and done about your topic.", "qthD9GzHaHE-00033-00014313-00014587": "For more information on how to write a literature review,", "qthD9GzHaHE-00034-00014616-00014932": "visit Forsyth Library's literature review subject guide.", "qthD9GzHaHE-00035-00015063-00015441": "You can ask a librarian for help at any stage of the research process,", "qthD9GzHaHE-00036-00015469-00015802": "and we can help you search for resources, organize your information,", "qthD9GzHaHE-00037-00015819-00016197": "or connect you with the writing center to help write and revise your work and help", "qthD9GzHaHE-00038-00016197-00016363": "you cite your sources correctly.", "qthD9GzHaHE-00039-00016504-00016768": "Contact us today for help with your literature review."}}, {"audio_id": "qtib49TmbkM", "text": {"qtib49TmbkM-00000-00000627-00001026": "Arm stretch over the head - lengthen your arm to sky as much as you can", "qtib49TmbkM-00001-00005910-00006312": "Shoulder roll - elbow to elbow", "qtib49TmbkM-00002-00010097-00010594": "Side stretch - lengthen the neck while bend your body", "qtib49TmbkM-00003-00016603-00016900": "Circulate the arms", "qtib49TmbkM-00004-00018056-00018456": "Crossing arm - relax the shoulder blade", "qtib49TmbkM-00005-00020161-00020560": "Flat Feet - can help to stretch the calf gently", "qtib49TmbkM-00006-00024122-00024322": "Circulate ankles", "qtib49TmbkM-00007-00027291-00027689": "Shoulder bridge - keep the lower back straight"}}, {"audio_id": "qtyCghlBRuI", "text": {"qtyCghlBRuI-00000-00000480-00001008": "Beijing’s mistake causes great difficulties for its neighbors", "qtyCghlBRuI-00001-00001008-00001496": "The question arises: What mistake has China made in letting", "qtyCghlBRuI-00002-00001496-00001984": "a dangerous epidemic spread globally?", "qtyCghlBRuI-00003-00001984-00002536": "The strict control of the information of the Communist Party of China as well as", "qtyCghlBRuI-00004-00002536-00003064": "the excessive concern about social instability are the main reasons", "qtyCghlBRuI-00005-00003064-00003688": "why the Covid-19 epidemic has not been contained in the right time", "qtyCghlBRuI-00006-00003688-00004344": "of its beginning, according to scholars studying Chinese politics.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00007-00004344-00004808": "(The streets of Wuhan are empty with no people on Feb 3, 2020)", "qtyCghlBRuI-00008-00004808-00005264": "However, according to experts, the dictatorship of China is capable", "qtyCghlBRuI-00009-00005264-00005704": "of mobilizing forces to quell the disease so the Covid-19 crisis", "qtyCghlBRuI-00010-00005704-00006168": "is hard to make the regime to fall. In South China Morning Post,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00011-00006168-00006623": "Patrick Mendis, a former visiting professor of economic diplomacy", "qtyCghlBRuI-00012-00006623-00007080": "at Wuhan University and a former Harvard University student, analyzed", "qtyCghlBRuI-00013-00007080-00007776": "the “three mistakes made by the Chinese government in dealing with corona virus crisis.”", "qtyCghlBRuI-00014-00007776-00008304": "Because of the Chinese Communist Party's tight grip on power,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00015-00008304-00008720": "Professor Mendis said it would not be surprising if they sacrificed the health", "qtyCghlBRuI-00016-00008720-00009200": "of people in the corona virus crisis to protect the regime.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00017-00009200-00009632": "“Indeed, although China responded more quickly to the corona epidemic", "qtyCghlBRuI-00018-00009632-00010088": "than the SARS epidemic of 2002-2003, this epidemic also exposed", "qtyCghlBRuI-00019-00010088-00010512": "an inherent flaw in the Chinese system with gagging and punish those", "qtyCghlBRuI-00020-00010512-00011240": "who deviate from the mainstream view,\" he wrote.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00021-00011240-00012296": "According to the professor, although the SARS disaster shows the need to be more", "qtyCghlBRuI-00022-00012296-00013008": "open and responsible, China has made similar mistakes", "qtyCghlBRuI-00023-00013008-00013808": "in the current crisis although it desires to see the other end.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00024-00013808-00014312": "The first mistake was to shoot down the announcer, Mendis analyzed.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00025-00014312-00014928": "Li Wen Liang - a young ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital - first shared", "qtyCghlBRuI-00026-00014928-00015576": "his concern on Dec 30, 2019 with a group of former classmates on WeChat.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00027-00015576-00016208": "At that time, corona virus was not yet identified.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00028-00016208-00016712": "(The huge inscription means \"Farewell to Li Wenliang\" written on the white snow", "qtyCghlBRuI-00029-00016712-00017248": "in Beijing on the morning of Feb 7 when the doctor passed away.)", "qtyCghlBRuI-00030-00017248-00017744": "Dr. Li then warned of an SARS-like outbreak, and suggested that classmates", "qtyCghlBRuI-00031-00017744-00018360": "take stricter measures to prevent infection in the hospitals where they worked.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00032-00018360-00018816": "However, screenshots of this private conversation spread and caught", "qtyCghlBRuI-00033-00018816-00019304": "the attention of Dr. Ly's superiors. The reward for this professional vigilance", "qtyCghlBRuI-00034-00019304-00019776": "by Dr. Ly is an order from the hospital to ask him to write a self-criticism review.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00035-00019776-00020224": "Local police also interrogated him and claimed that he “caused a serious social", "qtyCghlBRuI-00036-00020224-00020664": "disorder.” Dr. Li was forced to give definite answers to two questions:", "qtyCghlBRuI-00037-00020664-00021192": "“Can you stop your illegal behavior?” and “Do you understand that you will be", "qtyCghlBRuI-00038-00021192-00021632": "punished if you do not stop this behavior?” With these two responses,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00039-00021632-00022120": "the corona virus was facilitated to spread without being stopped", "qtyCghlBRuI-00040-00022120-00022568": "in the next few weeks, Professor Mendis said.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00041-00022568-00023040": "This leads to the second mistake: a perfect storm is taking shape,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00042-00023040-00023496": "according to the professor. That's when the Baiyun District in Wuhan City prepared", "qtyCghlBRuI-00043-00023496-00024376": "for the annual grand feast. To celebrate the 20th anniversary of the party,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00044-00024376-00025144": "local organizers planned to break the world record", "qtyCghlBRuI-00045-00025144-00026024": "for the number of dishes served at a party.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00046-00026024-00026504": "At least three weeks before the party on Jan 18, Wuhan authorities learned", "qtyCghlBRuI-00047-00026504-00027160": "about the spread of the virus in the city. The common mentality would be to order", "qtyCghlBRuI-00048-00027160-00027760": "immediate measures to protect public health. But instead,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00049-00027760-00028400": "the government has ordered stifling the bad news.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00050-00028400-00028872": "(The year-end grand feast is recorded in the world record book with 40,000", "qtyCghlBRuI-00051-00028872-00029368": "families attending in Wuhan just before the new strain of Corona flu broke out.)", "qtyCghlBRuI-00052-00029368-00029783": "One reason why the mayor of Wuhan did not follow the advice of", "qtyCghlBRuI-00053-00029783-00030239": "health professionals, was his concern that “escalating the prevention", "qtyCghlBRuI-00054-00030239-00030680": "of epidemics could harm the local economy and social stability.”", "qtyCghlBRuI-00055-00030680-00031200": "Mr. Mendis said that this decision has the effect of escalating the disease twice.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00056-00031200-00031639": "\"This decision would have two escalatory effects. First, it accelerated the spread", "qtyCghlBRuI-00057-00031639-00032127": "of the virus, given that members of some 40,000 families prepared the food", "qtyCghlBRuI-00058-00032127-00032576": "for the banquet, many of whom showed up to eat it.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00059-00032576-00033040": "Second, it facilitated the spread of the virus around the world.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00060-00033040-00033496": "The banquet was followed by an exodus of about five million people from the city,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00061-00033496-00034000": "which helped transport the virus beyond Hubei province and China.”", "qtyCghlBRuI-00062-00034000-00034472": "“The Chinese Supreme Court has finally said that the Wuhan police", "qtyCghlBRuI-00063-00034472-00034896": "should be more tolerant of those who sounded the alarm bells about the plague,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00064-00034896-00035352": "instead of accusing them of spreading rumors. This is a gesture of clearly", "qtyCghlBRuI-00065-00035352-00036000": "recognizing the truth in the field. This leads to the third mistake, ”he continued.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00066-00036000-00036640": "As he explained, when the cover-up failed, China gradually and reluctantly admitted", "qtyCghlBRuI-00067-00036640-00037312": "it had responded incompletely before the crisis.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00068-00037312-00037832": "A World Health Organization’s front-line group could only arrive in China", "qtyCghlBRuI-00069-00037832-00038304": "on Feb 10, and it is unclear where they will be authorized to investigate the source", "qtyCghlBRuI-00070-00038304-00038768": "of the disease. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "qtyCghlBRuI-00071-00038768-00039264": "- one of the world's most prestigious organizations", "qtyCghlBRuI-00072-00039264-00039864": "- is not even invited by China to assist in investigations.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00073-00039864-00040336": "(Hundreds of hospital beds in a sports area are requisitioned", "qtyCghlBRuI-00074-00040336-00040776": "as a temporary medical center in Wuhan City)", "qtyCghlBRuI-00075-00040776-00041264": "\"To such a degree of restriction and censorship, not to mention the threat", "qtyCghlBRuI-00076-00041264-00041728": "to public health outside China, there has been widespread condemnation", "qtyCghlBRuI-00077-00041728-00042256": "not only of Dr. Li's gag, but also to the Chinese government's uncertain response", "qtyCghlBRuI-00078-00042256-00042728": "to the whole crisis,” Mendis wrote. “The CPC has strict control over what", "qtyCghlBRuI-00079-00042728-00043176": "the domestic public sees and hears; In the end, controlling propaganda", "qtyCghlBRuI-00080-00043176-00043656": "is paramount for Beijing's leadership to be successful. Contagious diseases are,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00081-00043656-00044136": "however, indifferent to ideologies. Sometimes, a message is simply too", "qtyCghlBRuI-00082-00044136-00044640": "critical to ignore or cover up,” he continued.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00083-00044640-00045136": "According to the professor, the best possible policy is what Dr. Li, who warned", "qtyCghlBRuI-00084-00045136-00045592": "of the last bid, mentioned. In an interview with the New York Times before", "qtyCghlBRuI-00085-00045592-00046056": "his death, Dr. Li said, \"If officials disclose information about the disease earlier,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00086-00046056-00046808": "I think it will be much better. There is a need for more openness and transparency.”", "qtyCghlBRuI-00087-00046808-00047272": "“What do Chinese censors think when they seek to block information", "qtyCghlBRuI-00088-00047272-00047784": "in such a clear public health crisis? One explanation is that they did not", "qtyCghlBRuI-00089-00047784-00048512": "initially grasp the severity of the problem because there was no", "qtyCghlBRuI-00090-00048512-00049368": "clear evidence of human-to-human spread during the early days of the epidemic.”", "qtyCghlBRuI-00091-00049368-00049832": "There is, however, evidence that local authorities do not neglect this issue.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00092-00049832-00050384": "The proof was that on the same day Dr. Li posted a warning about the disease,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00093-00050384-00050936": "the Wuhan Medical Committee issued an emergency warning about the emergence", "qtyCghlBRuI-00094-00050936-00051448": "of a new corona virus and proposed measures to combat its spread.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00095-00051448-00051904": "(The photo shows the attitude of the World Health Organization Director-", "qtyCghlBRuI-00096-00051904-00052360": "General's attitude towards Chinese President Xi Jinping - explaining WHO's", "qtyCghlBRuI-00097-00052360-00052848": "delays and lack of determination when it comes to declaring a", "qtyCghlBRuI-00098-00052848-00053288": "state of emergency in an epidemic spread and broke out in Wuhan)", "qtyCghlBRuI-00099-00053288-00053760": "\"The authorities' knowledge of the human-to-human spread of the virus", "qtyCghlBRuI-00100-00053760-00054184": "may not be accurate, but they sounded an alarm,\" said Professor Wenfang Tang,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00101-00054184-00054688": "president of the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Science.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00102-00054688-00055176": "Hong Kong Technology concludes.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00103-00055176-00055632": "\"Some Wuhan officials may be overly confident that China's fully capable", "qtyCghlBRuI-00104-00055632-00056072": "authoritarian political system can handle any crisis,\" he wrote.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00105-00056072-00056528": "According to him, although more evidence is needed to conclude that news", "qtyCghlBRuI-00106-00056528-00057032": "censorship is the reason for the corona virus spread, “the more damage is", "qtyCghlBRuI-00107-00057032-00057584": "obvious the breakdown of public trust.” People watched the number of cases rise in terror.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00108-00057584-00058072": "He cited that people's mourning over Dr. Lee's death became a public campaign", "qtyCghlBRuI-00109-00058072-00058552": "against the government's awkwardness. The Chinese social network is filled", "qtyCghlBRuI-00110-00058552-00059040": "with grief for Dr. Li and sarcastic comments about the ignorance,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00111-00059040-00059536": "helplessness, corruption, and arrogance of local officials.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00112-00059536-00060008": "\"The explosion of public criticism has been a reaction to strict control", "qtyCghlBRuI-00113-00060008-00060576": "in the name of social stability and national security since", "qtyCghlBRuI-00114-00060576-00061240": "President Xi Jinping came to power in 2012,\" he wrote.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00115-00061240-00061728": "“Some people criticize Xi Jinping for strict control, while others call", "qtyCghlBRuI-00116-00061728-00062232": "for the protection of the right to freedom of expression as a basic right of citizens.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00117-00062232-00062720": "The comments on social media leave us with the impression that people's support", "qtyCghlBRuI-00118-00062720-00063391": "for the government has decreased significantly,” Professor Tang wrote in his analysis.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00119-00063391-00063879": "(After only 10 days of construction, the Fire God Mountain Hospital in Wuhan", "qtyCghlBRuI-00120-00063879-00064367": "began accepting corona virus patients from Feb 3).", "qtyCghlBRuI-00121-00064367-00064808": "In addition, they have used state-controlled media to demonstrate", "qtyCghlBRuI-00122-00064808-00065328": "the Party's strong leadership in curbing viruses, finding new treatments,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00123-00065328-00065800": "raising public trust and promote national solidarity, according to Tang.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00124-00065800-00066272": "Many Chinese people who follow official news may still believe in the government,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00125-00066272-00066744": "while the online community may not, he said.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00126-00066744-00067240": "He said the Beijing authorities “have shown they are able to respond quickly to", "qtyCghlBRuI-00127-00067240-00067680": "public opinion.” “They dispatched a working group from Beijing to Wuhan", "qtyCghlBRuI-00128-00067680-00068112": "to investigate the handling of Dr. Li, compensate his family after his death", "qtyCghlBRuI-00129-00068112-00068552": "was considered injury in the workplace, firing local officials judged", "qtyCghlBRuI-00130-00068552-00069064": "to be powerless by the public and announcing new policies", "qtyCghlBRuI-00131-00069064-00069576": "to oversee local government agencies, ”he pointed out.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00132-00069576-00070064": "“These measures can alleviate public outrage. It seems unlikely that Beijing's", "qtyCghlBRuI-00133-00070064-00070496": "dictatorship will collapse as a result of clumsy disease treatment.”", "qtyCghlBRuI-00134-00070496-00070920": "“The authoritarian regime is a double-edged sword. It has the ability to mobilize", "qtyCghlBRuI-00135-00070920-00071384": "nations, allocate resources quickly and carry out large-scale projects,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00136-00071384-00071912": "but not the ability to manage everything on a micro level. Indeed,", "qtyCghlBRuI-00137-00071912-00072456": "it could build a 1,000-bed hospital in 10 days but couldn't deal with the outbreak.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00138-00072456-00072984": "The situation of concealment and fabrication of fake information", "qtyCghlBRuI-00139-00072984-00073496": "is not only in China, but also in Vietnam - where there is similar mechanism", "qtyCghlBRuI-00140-00073496-00074000": "under communism. They find ways to conceal information", "qtyCghlBRuI-00141-00074000-00074776": "in order to protect dictatorship from the wave of anger of millions of people.", "qtyCghlBRuI-00142-00074776-00075480": "Corona virus from China has spread to Vietnam, people only have to struggle", "qtyCghlBRuI-00143-00075480-00076264": "with difficulties and update international information to protect themselves", "qtyCghlBRuI-00144-00076264-00077488": "and their families from imminent danger."}}, {"audio_id": "qtT8wfhqkFU", "text": {"qtT8wfhqkFU-00000-00000032-00000536": "Hello everyone. Today we are going to talk about eBooks, and I'm going to talk specifically today", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00001-00000536-00001216": "about how to find eBooks using the ScienceDirect database. So, ScienceDirect is in under, uh,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00002-00001216-00001680": "you can find it on library databases A to Z, you can also find it in databases by subject.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00003-00001680-00002104": "I'll go into eBook databases today, just because that's what we're talking about. It's listed under", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00004-00002104-00002624": "here as well, and it's right here. So, there's different ways you can get to it. I'll get to", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00005-00002624-00003120": "it this way. So, we'll open up ScienceDirect. Now, ScienceDirect, people generally think of", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00006-00003120-00003792": "as a peer-reviewed article database, which it is. But, it also has lots of books in here, which is", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00007-00003792-00004184": "really interesting, and people don't usually think about that. Also, people generally think", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00008-00004184-00004824": "of ScienceDirect as purely a scientific, like experiments in the laboratory, kind of a thing.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00009-00004824-00005232": "That's really not true. There's all sorts of articles in ScienceDirect. So, I'll give you", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00010-00005232-00005872": "an example today. So, there's, there's different ways you could find, you could find books in here.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00011-00005872-00006352": "But I'll start with this way. I'll start with the most basic way. I'll type in project management.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00012-00006544-00007095": "You'd be surprised how much project management content is in ScienceDirect. And we'll do a search", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00013-00007095-00007968": "here. So, it brings back everything, and what you would do then, if you just want to look at books,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00014-00007968-00008592": "I would look at show more for the options here. And I would say book, and when you when you hit", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00015-00008592-00008976": "the limiters in ScienceDirect, it's kind of clumsy. It will do it, then you'll have to do", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00016-00008976-00009360": "it again if you want more. So, I'll type in book, or I'll click on book chapters.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00017-00009496-00009896": "Now, we're just seeing chapters from books, and there's still, still, quite a few. Look", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00018-00009896-00010360": "at that. Oh boy. There are lots of, a lot of information here. Let's see if there's", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00019-00010360-00010904": "anything else here that might be of interest. I would probably just stick with book chapters. So,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00020-00010904-00011528": "here's all these chapters from different books on project management. And if I open up one of these,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00021-00011792-00012216": "you can read this as project management, and oil and gas, and then if I wanted more details,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00022-00012216-00012728": "or if I wanted to go to that specific book, I could click here. And then here,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00023-00012728-00013376": "I can browse the table of contents in this book. So, there are a lot of books in ScienceDirect,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00024-00013376-00013936": "and you could use just individual chapters. You don't have to use the whole book, but it's really", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00025-00013936-00014456": "kind of an overlooked area of ScienceDirect. So, that's, that's the most basic way", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00026-00014512-00014904": "to find books. Another way you could do it is to go up here to journals and books.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00027-00015040-00015504": "And you could kind of browse. Now, again, this is kind of clumsy. That's, it's a great database,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00028-00015504-00015936": "it's a little bit clumsy. So, we could do publication type, books.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00029-00016032-00016416": "Now if I'm looking for books, also I would probably put textbooks,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00030-00016528-00016984": "and this thing keeps going up, I keep having to scroll down and do this again. Handbooks,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00031-00017152-00017784": "because I want to look at all the books, they have reference works, and book series.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00032-00017992-00018552": "So, you can see, there's 32,758 books in here. That's, that's huge. And, again,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00033-00018552-00019056": "it's something ScienceDirect, people usually think of it as, as something just to look up journals,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00034-00019056-00019576": "but there are so many full books in here. And you have full access to all of these.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00035-00019576-00020120": "So, then to continue browsing, you could go over here, you could you could type in,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00036-00020176-00020664": "uh, here, but this is going to filter by book title. You kind of would have to know the title.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00037-00020728-00021264": "We can do that, but I, you might want to go here to domain. And this basically for them,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00038-00021264-00021848": "domain is like a subject. So, let's look through here. Let's say we're looking for", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00039-00022048-00022752": "pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmaceutical medicine. So, there's 820 books related to that.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00040-00023080-00023288": "And any of these that look interesting to you,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00041-00023496-00023984": "advances in behavioral pharmacology, you could click on this.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00042-00024056-00024232": "This is a whole series of books in here.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00043-00024472-00024736": "A little bit old, I'm not sure you'd want to be using that, but", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00044-00024880-00025416": "we could just look at it, and here's the book, here are all the chapters in it.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00045-00025632-00026064": "And we could go back and look for something else as well.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00046-00026064-00026504": "Maybe we want to go in here, just remember, before you search, to take,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00047-00026736-00027016": "just go to all domains there to clear out the subjects.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00048-00027112-00027327": "And then, maybe, we would want to type in here,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00049-00027639-00028183": "healthcare. 77 books on healthcare.", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00050-00028688-00029024": "And it's, it's a really great place to look for books. It's a little,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00051-00029144-00029720": "it's a little bit clumsy, it's not the easiest database to look for, but, but there is a lot,", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00052-00029720-00030160": "a lot in here. I wish it worked the same as another specific eBook database, but", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00053-00030295-00030816": "it is a little known fact about ScienceDirect, how many books are in there. So, let me know if", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00054-00030816-00031256": "you found this interesting and send me any kind of questions on it. But, I just wanted", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00055-00031256-00031832": "to introduce that aspect of ScienceDirect, that there are a ton of eBooks in here, that people", "qtT8wfhqkFU-00056-00031904-00032480": "generally don't know about. There you go. Let me know if you have any questions. Thank you. Bye."}}, {"audio_id": "quyi5uaQZzo", "text": {"quyi5uaQZzo-00000-00000480-00000998": "this is the 12th floor 17 floors it is the amenities deck where we have the", "quyi5uaQZzo-00001-00000998-00001426": "pool and the amenities on top then the 18th floor is the roof decks we're on 12", "quyi5uaQZzo-00002-00001426-00001850": "will be six more the third floor up to the 16th floor all typical floors", "quyi5uaQZzo-00003-00001850-00002477": "they're all the same thing and critical being able to keep stay on schedule it's", "quyi5uaQZzo-00004-00002477-00002860": "like when we pour a slab three days later we get our concrete breaks on it", "quyi5uaQZzo-00005-00002860-00003304": "and that's we get the concrete break from Building & Earth we're able to pull", "quyi5uaQZzo-00006-00003304-00003719": "the cables get the report get it to the engineers hopefully had it have it", "quyi5uaQZzo-00007-00003719-00004081": "approved that day and if that happens and we're able to pick up time on the", "quyi5uaQZzo-00008-00004081-00004465": "schedule yeah Manuel he's one of the key guys doing our testing out here with", "quyi5uaQZzo-00009-00004465-00004951": "with the dirt the backfilled make sure everything's in compaction he's on just", "quyi5uaQZzo-00010-00004951-00005455": "about every concrete test that we do out here he does all the cylinders like I", "quyi5uaQZzo-00011-00005455-00006053": "said if he does one cylinder he's done 5,000 cylinders out here but he stays in", "quyi5uaQZzo-00012-00006053-00006385": "touch with us lets us know the slump air content make sure it's the right", "quyi5uaQZzo-00013-00006385-00006977": "concrete and the right mix before we put it in place it's been a real asset to", "quyi5uaQZzo-00014-00006977-00007420": "have them on the job with our post tensioning or subsurface or concrete", "quyi5uaQZzo-00015-00007420-00007883": "testing everything that they do is top-notch and number one and now I would", "quyi5uaQZzo-00016-00007883-00008474": "I would definitely love to have them on any project that I do so part of our", "quyi5uaQZzo-00017-00008474-00008938": "special inspections requirement on the Vesta project here is to verify that the", "quyi5uaQZzo-00018-00008938-00009590": "reinforcing steel is placed according to plan so you can see here we have still", "quyi5uaQZzo-00019-00009590-00009983": "going both ways also part of that is verifying that the post tension cables", "quyi5uaQZzo-00020-00009983-00010427": "are placed as the structural engineer design so here again you see them going", "quyi5uaQZzo-00021-00010427-00010711": "going both ways", "quyi5uaQZzo-00022-00010730-00011096": "against the edge of the slab after it pours and after the concrete reached", "quyi5uaQZzo-00023-00011096-00011591": "reaches strength then they'll come back and tension the cables so that's what", "quyi5uaQZzo-00024-00011591-00012008": "Greg was talking about it's to get an early break sometimes so they can know", "quyi5uaQZzo-00025-00012008-00012395": "when the concrete reaches sufficient strength to go ahead and tension the", "quyi5uaQZzo-00026-00012395-00012634": "cables"}}, {"audio_id": "qu_5VunL4Dc", "text": {"qu_5VunL4Dc-00000-00000000-00000200": "Activate and use Tally Prime"}}, {"audio_id": "quE9IMI_a1U", "text": {"quE9IMI_a1U-00000-00000000-00000200": "Bhuvan Bam", "quE9IMI_a1U-00001-00000218-00000419": "Indian Comedian"}}, {"audio_id": "quSsL2odskQ", "text": {"quSsL2odskQ-00000-00001120-00001160": "[Music]", "quSsL2odskQ-00001-00001160-00001655": "i am Serafeim Alvanides and i am delivering this uh workshop", "quSsL2odskQ-00002-00001655-00002408": "on behalf of gises for cesta i will say a few words about says as well and and i have", "quSsL2odskQ-00003-00002552-00003304": "around 20 years experience of using geographical information systems both in terms of researching", "quSsL2odskQ-00004-00003304-00003952": "and doing substantive research or research methodological in relation to the data and and", "quSsL2odskQ-00005-00003952-00004672": "also delivering teaching and training however this is the first time we're delivering this specific", "quSsL2odskQ-00006-00004672-00005440": "um webinar and in particular online i have delivered before but uh face to face so please", "quSsL2odskQ-00007-00005440-00006072": "uh have some patience with us and also and we will appreciate your feedback as i say in the end", "quSsL2odskQ-00008-00006152-00006968": "and amir would you like to introduce yourself to so yes uh thank you sir finn hello everyone", "quSsL2odskQ-00009-00007023-00007864": "i am my name is amir kavini i have phd in urban and regional planning i started my second master", "quSsL2odskQ-00010-00007864-00008800": "in gis and i started my professional career in special data analysis uh back in 2004", "quSsL2odskQ-00011-00008872-00009776": "uh as a gis expert urban planner expert and as a gis trainer i hope i can help you in this", "quSsL2odskQ-00012-00009776-00010536": "webinar with the help of seraphim and we can uh help you teach to help you learn some some some", "quSsL2odskQ-00013-00010536-00011480": "useful skills for special data analysis thank you thanks amir okay i will now share my presentation", "quSsL2odskQ-00014-00011872-00011904": "okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00015-00012160-00012688": "okay so um i hope you are at the right webinar if you had the correct link then you should", "quSsL2odskQ-00016-00012688-00013272": "be here at the right place and i already announced the logistics and i said i would", "quSsL2odskQ-00017-00013272-00014024": "say a few words about sesta cesda's mission is to provide research infrastructure", "quSsL2odskQ-00018-00014080-00014696": "enabling the research community to conduct high quality research in the social sciences so it's", "quSsL2odskQ-00019-00014696-00015344": "mainly targeting social sciences although increasingly and other types of data and", "quSsL2odskQ-00020-00015344-00016104": "and contributing to solutions and major challenges that we are facing today for example", "quSsL2odskQ-00021-00016104-00016960": "the development goals or other challenges like wars etc and at the core of cesta's", "quSsL2odskQ-00022-00016960-00017592": "mission is to facilitate teaching and learning social sciences and this is part of organizing", "quSsL2odskQ-00023-00017592-00018312": "training events like this however cesta also has a range of digital tools you can see there the", "quSsL2odskQ-00024-00018312-00018936": "system data catalog which makes available all the data sets from the various service data service", "quSsL2odskQ-00025-00018936-00019624": "providers and a european question bag vocabulary service for a translation of questions etc", "quSsL2odskQ-00026-00019624-00020304": "and at the bottom and on the right hand side you can see there is a data management expert guide", "quSsL2odskQ-00027-00020304-00021008": "focusing on supporting researchers to prepare data management plans and understand the challenges", "quSsL2odskQ-00028-00021008-00021640": "behind managing data and how they can plan organize document process et cetera the data sets", "quSsL2odskQ-00029-00021872-00022392": "and as i mentioned this is part of the training that says the provides and you can see here it", "quSsL2odskQ-00030-00022392-00022896": "is an upcoming event that is happening now but if you want to find out more about other", "quSsL2odskQ-00031-00022896-00023440": "types of events you can see that on the 6th of september there is a database training event", "quSsL2odskQ-00032-00023536-00023984": "they are mostly free unless they are organized by service providers who charge", "quSsL2odskQ-00033-00024088-00024736": "so that's briefly the background from sesta and this is what we will be doing today i will give", "quSsL2odskQ-00034-00024736-00025408": "a very brief introduction to gis i will not take more than 15 minutes and my assumption is", "quSsL2odskQ-00035-00025408-00026232": "that although you are new to qgis i think most of you are a few people have used gis before", "quSsL2odskQ-00036-00026288-00026864": "but at least you have some understanding of why you would like to mark data what", "quSsL2odskQ-00037-00026864-00027495": "sort of data you would like to map and i also distributed the video that i had prepared earlier", "quSsL2odskQ-00038-00027495-00028088": "a couple of years ago explaining why it was important too or why substitute science", "quSsL2odskQ-00039-00028088-00028864": "scientists may want to map data and and why it is important that you maybe want to add this skill to", "quSsL2odskQ-00040-00028920-00029392": "your skill set then we will have a very short exercise to make sure that you all have", "quSsL2odskQ-00041-00029544-00030272": "access to qgis as we expected to before we progress to the first part of the workshop", "quSsL2odskQ-00042-00030336-00030976": "which is mostly focusing on working with tabular data then we will have a break then amir will", "quSsL2odskQ-00043-00030976-00031624": "take over with a special data analysis part and we will close at around and quarter past", "quSsL2odskQ-00044-00031624-00032256": "four with questions and answers what i would like to stress is that and we", "quSsL2odskQ-00045-00032256-00032736": "considered slightly differently in the beginning and then we realized how many people had signed up", "quSsL2odskQ-00046-00032792-00033296": "so because it would be difficult to have one-to-one interaction with you and we kind of", "quSsL2odskQ-00047-00033296-00033864": "simplified the workshop so this is a very simple a much simpler version of what we had in mind", "quSsL2odskQ-00048-00033952-00034544": "if you manage to follow along then we have extra exercises for people who are faster", "quSsL2odskQ-00049-00034616-00035408": "than the average and you can um in the spare time you can kind of work along the extra exercises", "quSsL2odskQ-00050-00035408-00036112": "if not then and we are hoping that everyone will at least achieve the the main um maps that we", "quSsL2odskQ-00051-00036112-00036824": "want you to produce today okay so a very short introduction and as i said i am a researcher", "quSsL2odskQ-00052-00036824-00037608": "and academic and i have done quite a lot of research using gis and also on substantive matters", "quSsL2odskQ-00053-00037608-00038392": "so as a as a means of introduction i'm showing you here one of my publications from seven years ago", "quSsL2odskQ-00054-00038392-00039072": "where we were looking at urban sprawl in european cities and i am showing you this for a number of", "quSsL2odskQ-00055-00039072-00039768": "reasons i know we have participants here from all around the world but the kind of data we", "quSsL2odskQ-00056-00039768-00040304": "will be using today is mostly european data well it is exclusively european data actually", "quSsL2odskQ-00057-00040424-00040784": "and it is a data available to be downloaded freely", "quSsL2odskQ-00058-00040848-00041552": "and this is if you follow this publication you will see that i'm using similar data there", "quSsL2odskQ-00059-00041624-00042328": "to look at how the cities around europe stroll stroll airborne sprawl means how they expand", "quSsL2odskQ-00060-00042408-00043168": "and how fast this happens and in what not only at what rate but in what fashion happens", "quSsL2odskQ-00061-00043168-00043872": "and also what the potential implications may be of this urban sprawl and the causes and in general it", "quSsL2odskQ-00062-00043872-00044512": "is considered something negative so how can it be reduced or stopped and although there are debates", "quSsL2odskQ-00063-00044512-00045096": "about whether urban scroll is positive or a negative or can have positive or negative effects", "quSsL2odskQ-00064-00045424-00046064": "and here you can see other reasons why a social scientist may want to map we are interested", "quSsL2odskQ-00065-00046064-00046784": "in seeing patterns of a phenomena on the left hand side you have population density in europe", "quSsL2odskQ-00066-00046784-00047456": "it is plotted as dots as points on the european map every point and", "quSsL2odskQ-00067-00047520-00048112": "represents a certain number of people you cannot see it as points you just see the overall pattern", "quSsL2odskQ-00068-00048112-00048888": "the concentration around cities and on the right hand side you see the same kind of data", "quSsL2odskQ-00069-00049120-00050112": "but um represented as uh as polygons and this is nuts level data that we will discuss again today", "quSsL2odskQ-00070-00050168-00050736": "and again the reason why i'm showing this data is because it is related to the kind of exercise", "quSsL2odskQ-00071-00050736-00051288": "we will be having today the other reason why i am showing you this map is of course", "quSsL2odskQ-00072-00051288-00051744": "there is an interest in the patterns that we observe and you can follow the links to the", "quSsL2odskQ-00073-00051744-00052367": "various publications is it good is it bad what is happening with the concentration of people in", "quSsL2odskQ-00074-00052367-00053136": "cities or in certain urban areas but and you can see here how the impression you get from this map", "quSsL2odskQ-00075-00053136-00053544": "is different depending on whether you're looking at the left hand side or the right hand side", "quSsL2odskQ-00076-00053616-00054152": "and one is a representation of points as i said earlier the right hand side is the polygons", "quSsL2odskQ-00077-00054152-00054896": "you can see how some of the patterns become diffused for example in these urban areas", "quSsL2odskQ-00078-00054896-00055760": "that you can see around cologne and in germany etc you can kind of sense that the colors are darker", "quSsL2odskQ-00079-00055760-00056288": "darker but the impression is not as strong and when you go to offense it's a kind of", "quSsL2odskQ-00080-00056288-00057079": "lost and the fact that uh the outfit athens is so densely populated so there is something here to be", "quSsL2odskQ-00081-00057079-00057896": "said about how do we actually mark data what sort of um underlying data we are using and what sort", "quSsL2odskQ-00082-00057896-00058776": "of visualizations we are using now at the core of this concept of gis and what you need to remember", "quSsL2odskQ-00083-00058776-00059791": "is that it is highly reductionist and it is one of the major criticisms of course of uh the the data", "quSsL2odskQ-00084-00059791-00060616": "fication and the digitization of all these data that all this complexity and richness that we see", "quSsL2odskQ-00085-00060616-00061240": "and the data we collect etc becomes reduced into this concept of layers you will experience this", "quSsL2odskQ-00086-00061240-00061808": "today with the various exercises you will see that we start talking about variables and interesting", "quSsL2odskQ-00087-00061808-00062624": "things and then we reduce everything to something really simple like is it a boundary layer or is it", "quSsL2odskQ-00088-00062688-00063328": "point layer or whatever okay so in order for uh geographical information to understand", "quSsL2odskQ-00089-00063384-00064040": "the geographical data we have to simplify it and the simplification happens through this", "quSsL2odskQ-00090-00064128-00064728": "layering approach so what we have here is roads and they are represented as you can see here", "quSsL2odskQ-00091-00064728-00065576": "as lines land users are represented usually as regions or polygons boundaries can be represented", "quSsL2odskQ-00092-00065576-00066456": "again as lines but they contain areas for example countries cities etc then you have a hydrography", "quSsL2odskQ-00093-00066456-00067120": "layer we will not use any of these kind of layers or elevation and but and that's what you need to", "quSsL2odskQ-00094-00067120-00067664": "have in mind we will constantly be talking about different layers the data you downloaded already", "quSsL2odskQ-00095-00067664-00068352": "will be perceived as layers the other thing that i would like to point out here is that", "quSsL2odskQ-00096-00068352-00068928": "another layer of reduction is how these layers are represented i mentioned for example that rows are", "quSsL2odskQ-00097-00068928-00069600": "represented as lines and the question is should roads be lines or should they be something else", "quSsL2odskQ-00098-00069664-00070224": "and and this depends a lot on the scale that we are using and on the type of data in the", "quSsL2odskQ-00099-00070224-00070928": "way that the data has been collected so again a second layer level of reduction", "quSsL2odskQ-00100-00070928-00071696": "in in your mind is whether things are represented as points lines or polygons or regions this is", "quSsL2odskQ-00101-00071696-00072472": "standard gis terminology that we will be using and you will see today and another layer of", "quSsL2odskQ-00102-00072584-00073360": "abstraction is whether things are represented in the gis as vectors as we say where they have", "quSsL2odskQ-00103-00073360-00073800": "exact coordinates like the points and lines in the polygons i mentioned earlier", "quSsL2odskQ-00104-00073856-00074600": "or whether they are represented as rasters as images we will not be using any raster data today", "quSsL2odskQ-00105-00074600-00075264": "or image based data but you can see here at the bottom you have image base which is", "quSsL2odskQ-00106-00075264-00075928": "and for example scanned maps or aerial photographs or satellite images these are all types of", "quSsL2odskQ-00107-00076040-00076832": "raster data so today we will be focusing on vector data and we will be focusing on points", "quSsL2odskQ-00108-00076832-00077616": "and polygons we will not do much lines and we will use some very basic spatial analytical", "quSsL2odskQ-00109-00077616-00078368": "techniques but we will not dwell into and more complex data sets like grids or rasters etcetera", "quSsL2odskQ-00110-00078552-00079024": "here's another example from a previous publication that demonstrates this concept", "quSsL2odskQ-00111-00079024-00079736": "of the layering and the simplification that we have for example we have secondary schools you", "quSsL2odskQ-00112-00079736-00080392": "can see here now represented as points okay it doesn't matter what the map actually shows you can", "quSsL2odskQ-00113-00080392-00081240": "follow up the publication it has to do with the way children attend schools in south africa and", "quSsL2odskQ-00114-00081336-00082040": "and you can see here the simplification we have the points representing the various schools", "quSsL2odskQ-00115-00082040-00082632": "the color of the point the points represents the pass rate for the pupils in those schools", "quSsL2odskQ-00116-00082688-00083320": "and then we have these um school districts so these areas are school districts now polygons", "quSsL2odskQ-00117-00083320-00084088": "or regions as we call them gis terminology and then you have the pass rate at the regional level", "quSsL2odskQ-00118-00084088-00084864": "and this is a comparison between the region level and pass rates for for children and", "quSsL2odskQ-00119-00084864-00085704": "the specific school level pass rates okay so you can see here um that all the aspects i mentioned", "quSsL2odskQ-00120-00085992-00086624": "another thing you want to have in mind and amir will expand more on this in the", "quSsL2odskQ-00121-00086720-00087536": "third and final part of today's workshop is the fact that once you have in mind this concept", "quSsL2odskQ-00122-00087536-00088256": "of points lines polygons you can then do um more advanced level of analysis for example", "quSsL2odskQ-00123-00088256-00088928": "you can create catchment areas or zones of influence around these features and the", "quSsL2odskQ-00124-00088928-00089392": "catchment area for a point for example for a school that i mentioned earlier", "quSsL2odskQ-00125-00089472-00090376": "would be a buffer or a region or an area okay then for the lines here these lines could be straight", "quSsL2odskQ-00126-00090376-00091000": "so it could be river streams etc it would be a polygon again and then around polygons the", "quSsL2odskQ-00127-00091000-00091552": "red ones here they may be buildings or something you may create a buffer which is again a polygon", "quSsL2odskQ-00128-00091640-00092216": "and this is i'm pointing this out as i said amir will mention it again in the final part", "quSsL2odskQ-00129-00092216-00092824": "because there is an exercise later on on how to create these paths and how to overlay them etc so", "quSsL2odskQ-00130-00092824-00093560": "this is something i wanted to highlight it's one of the strengths of gis once the data is cleaned", "quSsL2odskQ-00131-00093560-00094240": "and ready and we know what the data is about and we can then do and perform this kind of analytical", "quSsL2odskQ-00132-00094240-00095160": "special analytical techniques and you can see here in another publication how we used um points", "quSsL2odskQ-00133-00095232-00095912": "of health services so health services were points and then we used a technique which is to create", "quSsL2odskQ-00134-00095912-00096384": "catchment areas around these points but they are not the buffers that we saw earlier they're not", "quSsL2odskQ-00135-00096384-00096936": "nice and tidy and round they are a little bit more complex because they follow their own their", "quSsL2odskQ-00136-00096936-00097856": "own network and then we have superimposed them on top of urban blocks and in a city in oaxaca", "quSsL2odskQ-00137-00097856-00098552": "to see what part of the population is served by these health services so you can see here how", "quSsL2odskQ-00138-00098632-00099240": "a simple technique that i mentioned earlier can be used and in analytical terms for actually", "quSsL2odskQ-00139-00099240-00100064": "carrying out research and i will not go into more detail into the gis aspects i just wanted", "quSsL2odskQ-00140-00100064-00100560": "you to understand the concept of layering the concept of different representations of", "quSsL2odskQ-00141-00100560-00101224": "features points lines polygons the fact that we can do certain things with them like expand them", "quSsL2odskQ-00142-00101224-00102016": "create catchment areas and overlay them and you will see and most of these things in our examples", "quSsL2odskQ-00143-00102104-00102608": "however what i would like to mention is that there is a geographical information system of the", "quSsL2odskQ-00144-00102608-00103392": "commission and to a certain extent it is a gis an online gis because it has the underlying data you", "quSsL2odskQ-00145-00103392-00104000": "can see there are the databases and it has some very basic tools you cannot do many sophisticated", "quSsL2odskQ-00146-00104000-00104568": "things you can simply create maps and in some cases kind of change the representation", "quSsL2odskQ-00147-00104728-00105400": "and eurostat also and of course offers european geodata you can see here the", "quSsL2odskQ-00148-00105400-00105983": "different administrative units this is where i downloaded the data for", "quSsL2odskQ-00149-00105983-00106488": "my publication the first one that i showed you and as well as the data that we will be using", "quSsL2odskQ-00150-00106488-00106976": "today you can download data on population distribution transport networks land cover", "quSsL2odskQ-00151-00106976-00107983": "etc and elevation so you can you can download also grid or raster level data from this website", "quSsL2odskQ-00152-00108088-00108544": "and however and what i want to show you oh this is a little bit dated that's an", "quSsL2odskQ-00153-00108544-00109064": "image because since then we have the moris and that's data that you downloaded today", "quSsL2odskQ-00154-00109128-00109864": "and so you can also download administrative units from this website i am i managed to finish", "quSsL2odskQ-00155-00109864-00110872": "a little bit earlier than i thought and because i am very keen to make sure that everyone", "quSsL2odskQ-00156-00110872-00111735": "has first of all downloaded the data that we asked you to download and many of you responded and", "quSsL2odskQ-00157-00111872-00112535": "i have the responses and and i can see that in general there were no problems and also that we", "quSsL2odskQ-00158-00112535-00113128": "managed to install qgis and change the language setting this is very important i have an anecdote", "quSsL2odskQ-00159-00113128-00113952": "here i try to deliver a european level uh event and people came in with with their own laptops", "quSsL2odskQ-00160-00113952-00114752": "from so many countries in europe and when we started the workshop i realized that of course", "quSsL2odskQ-00161-00114808-00115608": "it had reverted to the setting of everyone's native la laptop language and was very difficult", "quSsL2odskQ-00162-00115608-00116424": "to then switch and on the fly so it would be great if you could do that beforehand okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00163-00116424-00117159": "i will stop sharing my screen first of all and then look at the q a okay we have a few minutes", "quSsL2odskQ-00164-00117159-00117688": "i have a point shape file another one csv file the point there uh environment", "quSsL2odskQ-00165-00118000-00118832": "answering actually great okay thank you excellent so and this though reminds me that why i am", "quSsL2odskQ-00166-00118832-00119704": "delivering a meal if it is simple things that amir can respond to and he will respond on the q a", "quSsL2odskQ-00167-00119776-00120504": "and if it is something more complicated that we need to stop and address for everyone and", "quSsL2odskQ-00168-00120504-00121032": "then amir will notify me so that can do this so this is the communication we will have", "quSsL2odskQ-00169-00121032-00121568": "sometimes the questions can be responded very quickly and sometimes they i will have to stop", "quSsL2odskQ-00170-00121632-00122664": "and take stock okay um so let's um first of all start with the first", "quSsL2odskQ-00171-00123008-00124783": "okay you have to give me a minute also to switch between the various screens", "quSsL2odskQ-00172-00125464-00126104": "i will assume please could you send a link to the data to download for the exercises", "quSsL2odskQ-00173-00126192-00127072": "sorry that there is also something on the chat and susan and for others we did send an email", "quSsL2odskQ-00174-00127192-00128032": "with all the information about how to download the data and we will also amir may be able to", "quSsL2odskQ-00175-00128032-00128616": "send you the file about downloading the data so that you can do it now", "quSsL2odskQ-00176-00128840-00129216": "okay i will share my skill very quickly and", "quSsL2odskQ-00177-00129216-00129728": "um just to show you what it should look like if everything has worked well", "quSsL2odskQ-00178-00129976-00130688": "okay when we open qgis for the first time ever we may see all sorts of things there and", "quSsL2odskQ-00179-00130752-00131376": "and then when we open it again we usually see what uh we were working on the previous time so", "quSsL2odskQ-00180-00131376-00132024": "here you can see all sorts of things that i have been working with and but the important thing is", "quSsL2odskQ-00181-00132024-00132528": "that when you open it usually it opens with an untitled project you can see here", "quSsL2odskQ-00182-00132592-00133312": "and in english or if you have changed the settings then it should be in english okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00183-00133560-00133592": "so", "quSsL2odskQ-00184-00134184-00134992": "so unless i see i think on the q a i will assume that everyone is able forget", "quSsL2odskQ-00185-00134992-00135984": "what you see on my screen to open qgis and see the menus in english and then we can continue", "quSsL2odskQ-00186-00136184-00136316": "okay [Music]", "quSsL2odskQ-00187-00136952-00137384": "ah okay yes sorry i should not be mentioning names i'm sorry", "quSsL2odskQ-00188-00137512-00138040": "someone is saying that it looks like the questions are visible only to the trainers", "quSsL2odskQ-00189-00138096-00138856": "but some questions may be relevant to everyone this is actually a very good point and so maybe", "quSsL2odskQ-00190-00138936-00140016": "how can we address this um [Music] okay so here's my suggestion if you feel if you feel that you", "quSsL2odskQ-00191-00140016-00140600": "are stuck with something and you suspect you are the only person who is stuck maybe it's better if", "quSsL2odskQ-00192-00140600-00141496": "you put it on q a and if you feel that um you and you don't mind sharing on the chat etc with others", "quSsL2odskQ-00193-00141560-00142448": "and you may want to ask on the chat so thanks for pointing this out this is a very good point um", "quSsL2odskQ-00194-00142736-00143200": "and we will also be checking then the chat box", "quSsL2odskQ-00195-00143544-00143944": "okay so we will start then with the exercise", "quSsL2odskQ-00196-00144160-00144592": "and the way this will work is i will share with you a file", "quSsL2odskQ-00197-00144672-00145336": "on the chat which contains the exercise but please don't start doing it", "quSsL2odskQ-00198-00145416-00146136": "and this is for you to have next to you and or to open it in another device i will run through", "quSsL2odskQ-00199-00146136-00146856": "the exercise not the whole exercise just the first couple of steps and then i will ask you to follow", "quSsL2odskQ-00200-00146992-00147776": "and and you will have this file that i will send you so that you can and kind of follow", "quSsL2odskQ-00201-00147776-00148320": "the exercise step by step so we will be doing this in small steps okay we will be", "quSsL2odskQ-00202-00148320-00149000": "doing it every three minutes i will stop check if someone is stuck amir will step in to support you", "quSsL2odskQ-00203-00149056-00149816": "and or i can respond as i did so far and and please do not try to do the whole exercise", "quSsL2odskQ-00204-00149816-00150616": "in five minutes because it would be nice if we are if we try to be all together okay so", "quSsL2odskQ-00205-00151056-00151384": "giving a second", "quSsL2odskQ-00206-00151600-00152224": "okay i'll wait for 30 seconds just to make sure that everyone has access to this link", "quSsL2odskQ-00207-00152496-00152904": "it should have worked now excellent", "quSsL2odskQ-00208-00153512-00154184": "okay so given that you have all now um accessed and downloaded the file", "quSsL2odskQ-00209-00154328-00155584": "i just want to go very briefly through the exercise and explain what what the purpose will be", "quSsL2odskQ-00210-00155928-00156808": "so as you may have guessed and i was talking about population level they are nuts data populations", "quSsL2odskQ-00211-00156808-00157568": "etc so the aim will be to recreate um this kind of density maps i have a link here you can go to", "quSsL2odskQ-00212-00157568-00158192": "the statistical atlas viewer and you will be able to see that the kind of data we will be using in", "quSsL2odskQ-00213-00158192-00159024": "this part of the practical is available and from eurostat and there is also a visualization tool", "quSsL2odskQ-00214-00159024-00159760": "that you can create on the left hand side you can see the project population change and remember the", "quSsL2odskQ-00215-00159760-00160352": "terminology we used in the beginning points lines polygons etc you can see here that the symbols", "quSsL2odskQ-00216-00160352-00161184": "are actually points and they have been inflated to reflect the size of the population on january 2020", "quSsL2odskQ-00217-00161312-00161984": "and they have colored these points with different colors here to show the projected change", "quSsL2odskQ-00218-00161984-00162840": "you have the lines of the boundaries for the nuts and then you have also the regions the boundaries", "quSsL2odskQ-00219-00162840-00163344": "are actually defined in the regions at the same time this is more clear on the right hand side mod", "quSsL2odskQ-00220-00163456-00164072": "where they have used a different representation they are using the nuts three level data this is", "quSsL2odskQ-00221-00164072-00164856": "the lowest level of data you can get hold of from nuts there is nuts four there is even not five", "quSsL2odskQ-00222-00164912-00165528": "and these are administrative boundaries but the data becomes mostly available at nuts level three", "quSsL2odskQ-00223-00165616-00166240": "and and you can see here what they have done is they have calculated population density for 2019", "quSsL2odskQ-00224-00166240-00167008": "so this is people per square kilometer and they have mapped it with a dark blue", "quSsL2odskQ-00225-00167008-00167840": "and the lighter areas and then with a dark red the areas above 1000 people per square kilometer", "quSsL2odskQ-00226-00167904-00168336": "now there's all sorts of things we can say about these maps and deconstruct them", "quSsL2odskQ-00227-00168440-00168992": "and endlessly and you have to be careful when you're in this box because the first impression i", "quSsL2odskQ-00228-00168992-00169520": "get is i'm looking at these blue areas and i think oh this is interesting something is happening here", "quSsL2odskQ-00229-00169520-00170160": "in fact what is happening in these blue dark blue areas is that the population density is very low", "quSsL2odskQ-00230-00170288-00170712": "so if someone wants to stress the low population density then this is a nice", "quSsL2odskQ-00231-00170768-00171272": "visualization but if someone is interested in the high population density which is usually", "quSsL2odskQ-00232-00171272-00171776": "what we are interested in then they should have thought about the color scheme a little bit better", "quSsL2odskQ-00233-00171832-00172512": "and this is the limitation now you could use this atlas statistical atlas viewer produce a", "quSsL2odskQ-00234-00172512-00173072": "map like this and then you have no further control over how to manipulate this map", "quSsL2odskQ-00235-00173160-00173880": "while if you download the data and use the qgi qgis or any other gs you are able to actually", "quSsL2odskQ-00236-00173880-00174552": "make changes to the map and this is the purpose of this first part so we ask you to", "quSsL2odskQ-00237-00174552-00175240": "download these data sets you can see here the different knots level the different formats the", "quSsL2odskQ-00238-00175240-00175880": "points lines polygons that we mentioned earlier and even the coordinate reference system all this", "quSsL2odskQ-00239-00175880-00176496": "will become a little bit more clear as we go along through the workshop the scale we downloaded the", "quSsL2odskQ-00240-00176496-00177200": "data at the finest scale which is one to one million which sounds strange but for these", "quSsL2odskQ-00241-00177200-00177752": "kind of purposes and this kind of visualizations it's actually a decent scale to use because we are", "quSsL2odskQ-00242-00177752-00178496": "looking at europe as a whole and we downloaded the most recent nuts data for this exercise", "quSsL2odskQ-00243-00178672-00179368": "and here as i said the response slides polygons we asked you to download the polygons for the final", "quSsL2odskQ-00244-00179368-00180160": "part of today's workshop we and realized that it may be a good idea to also download the points", "quSsL2odskQ-00245-00180160-00180600": "but let's not discuss this for the time being we can revisit this during our break", "quSsL2odskQ-00246-00180672-00181240": "and here you can see the different geometries and different types of geographical data you", "quSsL2odskQ-00247-00181240-00182064": "can download i did not really expand on this in my introduction but over the years there are um", "quSsL2odskQ-00248-00182120-00183008": "different and formats that geographical data is being collected produced analyzed etc we will be", "quSsL2odskQ-00249-00183008-00183840": "using what we call a shape file format and this is the shp it is a little bit more complicated", "quSsL2odskQ-00250-00183840-00184504": "than this and i will explain it at the workshop this very annoying visualization that we see on", "quSsL2odskQ-00251-00184504-00185104": "the website is actually very significant you will see later why this is so important to understand", "quSsL2odskQ-00252-00185104-00185624": "what they are trying to tell us with us with this visualization instead of explaining it with words", "quSsL2odskQ-00253-00185704-00186384": "so we will move on to do some data wrangling as we say and and then continue with some mapping", "quSsL2odskQ-00254-00186536-00186992": "and this is just a summary of what we will do most of these things don't mean anything to you", "quSsL2odskQ-00255-00186992-00187520": "but by the end of the hour uh you should have a much better idea of what is happening here", "quSsL2odskQ-00256-00187608-00188280": "so we will map these four nuts levels we will select some features from nuts level three save", "quSsL2odskQ-00257-00188280-00189128": "it as a separate shape file we will do some joints of the tables we will do some calculations and", "quSsL2odskQ-00258-00189128-00189800": "then we will map the outcome so aiming basically to reproduce this map but with different colors", "quSsL2odskQ-00259-00190032-00190624": "and then we will conclude the exercise by exporting what we created as an attribute", "quSsL2odskQ-00260-00190624-00191144": "table in case we want to use it further and as i said in the beginning we have a few extras here", "quSsL2odskQ-00261-00191216-00191696": "where you can experiment with different colors etc these extras will come to you", "quSsL2odskQ-00262-00191752-00192144": "in the training package even if we don't have time today to cover them", "quSsL2odskQ-00263-00192352-00192912": "okay so what you need to remember is this terminology that qgis is using you were", "quSsL2odskQ-00264-00192912-00193568": "able to open it and i will be referring to the menu bar which is this top menu", "quSsL2odskQ-00265-00193624-00194360": "that you see here then i refer to these things here as buttons or icons sometimes there are", "quSsL2odskQ-00266-00194360-00195048": "these toolbars as well so sometimes and they may be referred to as toolbars because they open", "quSsL2odskQ-00267-00195048-00195648": "other menus then we have what we call the panels there is the browser panel which i usually close", "quSsL2odskQ-00268-00195648-00196320": "down i don't need it because um this layer panel becomes very complicated once you start working", "quSsL2odskQ-00269-00196320-00197144": "with data and the all-important mapping view which is what where all our actions are shown you", "quSsL2odskQ-00270-00197144-00198040": "know the results of our actions and finally number five is the status bar down here sometimes when we", "quSsL2odskQ-00271-00198040-00198656": "run operations that take time uh you can see some sort of bar moving up and down you see the", "quSsL2odskQ-00272-00198656-00199336": "coordinate system the scale and how what the zoom is so these are very important terms that we use", "quSsL2odskQ-00273-00199392-00199968": "but it doesn't always look this way sometimes you can close down you can see here the indicators you", "quSsL2odskQ-00274-00199968-00200784": "can close to close down the values and what are they called the various panels and that means that", "quSsL2odskQ-00275-00200784-00201472": "everyone's qgis and vm may look slightly different than a graphical user interface and i'm making", "quSsL2odskQ-00276-00201472-00202104": "the point here that depending on the type of software you use it may also look very different", "quSsL2odskQ-00277-00202232-00203272": "okay so as i said i will first um do something okay so i will follow slides one two and three", "quSsL2odskQ-00278-00203352-00203856": "and then i will give you a couple of minutes to do it yourself so um", "quSsL2odskQ-00279-00204336-00204680": "i will double check without me and can you see the gis now", "quSsL2odskQ-00280-00205032-00205256": "not yet serving not yet okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00281-00205608-00206184": "okay okay sharing didn't work as expected and", "quSsL2odskQ-00282-00206808-00206992": "yes yes okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00283-00207271-00208128": "okay so let's start then um so the first step is we start with a new project we can do this", "quSsL2odskQ-00284-00208128-00208871": "either by saying project new up here or by clicking this white empty page and you can", "quSsL2odskQ-00285-00208871-00209440": "see immediately that everything changed now as i said earlier it may not look the same like yours", "quSsL2odskQ-00286-00209440-00210392": "because i have modified slightly my screen and i prefer having here only the layers and because it", "quSsL2odskQ-00287-00210392-00210936": "gets very busy we'll see once you start loading the different layers and the first thing we do", "quSsL2odskQ-00288-00211016-00211704": "is i didn't talk about projections amir will talk about them but there are ways to represent the", "quSsL2odskQ-00289-00211704-00212440": "various coordinates and do the transformations from the geographical coordinates to the space", "quSsL2odskQ-00290-00212440-00213312": "cartesian coordinates etc the data we downloaded is a specific system remember you had to choose it", "quSsL2odskQ-00291-00213312-00214384": "earlier and we will use the same system here so we will specify here for the project the properties", "quSsL2odskQ-00292-00214608-00215440": "okay amir can you also see the project properties yes the pop-up is also excellent it's visible", "quSsL2odskQ-00293-00215528-00216440": "and so we will specify here under crs the project coordinate system we will filter using um", "quSsL2odskQ-00294-00216536-00217480": "etsg 3035 which is the one we use when we download the data it's a european centered system you can", "quSsL2odskQ-00295-00217480-00218304": "see the change here and and then apply and then okay nothing changed because we haven't", "quSsL2odskQ-00296-00218304-00218936": "loaded anything yet and but once we start loading data they will and start overlaying", "quSsL2odskQ-00297-00218936-00219552": "because we are using the same kind of system the next thing we do if we want to open a data set", "quSsL2odskQ-00298-00219616-00220400": "we open a data source manager which opens another window i mentioned earlier we will", "quSsL2odskQ-00299-00220400-00220976": "be working with vector data so you can see here all the different types of data we can", "quSsL2odskQ-00300-00220976-00221632": "upload for example raster etc we are focusing on vector then we need to go and find our data set", "quSsL2odskQ-00301-00221912-00223176": "and sorry you see my all my data here but here it is in there there is the next level regions", "quSsL2odskQ-00302-00223280-00224023": "you may have fewer data because uh i did some analysis and and the interesting thing", "quSsL2odskQ-00303-00224023-00224623": "is that it can open the zip file in theory let's see if this works so you don't need to unzip it", "quSsL2odskQ-00304-00224760-00225800": "open you leave this as it is add and close and we have the nut data that we downloaded", "quSsL2odskQ-00305-00225928-00226456": "and usually what happens at this point is people start moving things around", "quSsL2odskQ-00306-00226456-00227080": "um or clicking or zooming in and out by mistake and then you end up in the middle of", "quSsL2odskQ-00307-00227080-00227616": "the scene not knowing where you are this happens a lot to everyone including to myself when this", "quSsL2odskQ-00308-00227616-00228256": "happens you go on the layer name right click and then there is an option here zoom to layer", "quSsL2odskQ-00309-00228328-00229184": "and then usually it works and you come back to the original zoom of the layer now in theory we", "quSsL2odskQ-00310-00229184-00229856": "should be actually this should be the zoom right but because we have all these islands", "quSsL2odskQ-00311-00229984-00230648": "and regions and areas that belong to countries but are far far away", "quSsL2odskQ-00312-00230752-00231432": "the zoom of the layer ends up being at this scale you don't need to worry about it", "quSsL2odskQ-00313-00231504-00232216": "however what we need to do is to also change the cis of the layer so we set the crs for the project", "quSsL2odskQ-00314-00232367-00233088": "we need to also set it for the layer and here you can do it this way set", "quSsL2odskQ-00315-00233088-00233608": "project crs from layer or it's better if we open the properties", "quSsL2odskQ-00316-00233904-00234600": "and then source and then here we choose the project crs so that the layer and", "quSsL2odskQ-00317-00234600-00235040": "the project crs everything is in the same coordinate system", "quSsL2odskQ-00318-00235344-00235960": "okay and again nothing changed but at least we are sure that all the data", "quSsL2odskQ-00319-00236023-00236560": "is now going to be sitting in the right coordinates how do we know it's the right", "quSsL2odskQ-00320-00236560-00237136": "coordinates and we can see on the at the bottom here the coordinate system", "quSsL2odskQ-00321-00237288-00237776": "and we can see the coordinates down here as well as the scale that the map is produced at", "quSsL2odskQ-00322-00237992-00238704": "okay so these are the first two steps the next important thing we do of course we can start", "quSsL2odskQ-00323-00238704-00239280": "coloring them up with various colors etc but we will not do that yet because we don't really know", "quSsL2odskQ-00324-00239280-00239880": "what we brought in we downloaded some data we know it's not three level we can see it", "quSsL2odskQ-00325-00239880-00240712": "interesting things here boundaries etc there is an identification tool that we can select click", "quSsL2odskQ-00326-00240848-00241800": "and then it tells us what this place is so it's iceland and you can see here but we want to see", "quSsL2odskQ-00327-00241800-00242480": "what is sitting behind us and the important thing you need to remember here is that gis is basically", "quSsL2odskQ-00328-00242480-00243104": "a set of tables combined together there is a table that holds all these coordinates for all these", "quSsL2odskQ-00329-00243104-00243919": "areas regions etc and there is another table that you have access to and you can edit it so right", "quSsL2odskQ-00330-00243919-00244671": "click again right clicking on the layer name is magic it does many things and open up a good table", "quSsL2odskQ-00331-00244760-00245440": "or from the layer we can open also the attribute table here so basically right clicking", "quSsL2odskQ-00332-00245512-00246400": "here opens this layer menu it's very much similar so we open the attribute table and now we have", "quSsL2odskQ-00333-00246464-00247384": "quite a familiar view this is simply a table okay and it's like a table in excel or in a spreadsheet", "quSsL2odskQ-00334-00247384-00248080": "or in a database it has rows every row is an entry on the map", "quSsL2odskQ-00335-00248080-00249232": "it's a feature as we call it and every column is a field or a variable okay and we can order it very", "quSsL2odskQ-00336-00249232-00249904": "quickly here's the nuts id this is a unique identifier for all these little areas here", "quSsL2odskQ-00337-00250080-00250823": "there is a level code which is a magic thing that we haven't really discussed yet we will come back", "quSsL2odskQ-00338-00250823-00251512": "to this there is a country code and people who understand the countries from the two letter codes", "quSsL2odskQ-00339-00251512-00252304": "will be able to tell which country is a.l salvenia uk say uk and then there are some", "quSsL2odskQ-00340-00252304-00252896": "um the latin name or the nuts name here sometimes they're very sometimes they are the same", "quSsL2odskQ-00341-00253000-00253752": "and mountain type to show and if this area is mountainous urban type to show if this area is", "quSsL2odskQ-00342-00253752-00254656": "urbanized cause type if it's close to the coast and this fid it's the feature id in this case", "quSsL2odskQ-00343-00254656-00255600": "fid is exactly the same like the nuts id and it is important for your own data too gis operates", "quSsL2odskQ-00344-00255600-00256280": "on a unique identifier so if you want to connect the entry of a table with something on the map", "quSsL2odskQ-00345-00256280-00256816": "it is important that the identifier is unique so that you can do the joins that we will see", "quSsL2odskQ-00346-00256816-00257456": "soon so we have here nuts id equals fib so whichever we use in this case is fine", "quSsL2odskQ-00347-00257704-00258584": "okay we want to explore a little bit this um nuts layer table so i keep sorting it through different", "quSsL2odskQ-00348-00258584-00259440": "ways and one way of sorting it is this level code remember this annoying animation which had four", "quSsL2odskQ-00349-00259440-00260144": "different layers it's kind of overlapping well what we did is we downloaded all four layers there", "quSsL2odskQ-00350-00260144-00260848": "was no option to select only one layer so here we have not only the nuts three level but also the", "quSsL2odskQ-00351-00260848-00261416": "countries and the areas below the countries and the other areas below the countries so we have", "quSsL2odskQ-00352-00261536-00262272": "level zero with the country but unfortunately we have layers levels one two and three as well", "quSsL2odskQ-00353-00262272-00262824": "why is this problematic this is problematic because when we go to an area and select it we", "quSsL2odskQ-00354-00262824-00263448": "have no idea what we are selecting it is selecting actually everything that is underneath at all", "quSsL2odskQ-00355-00263448-00264224": "the different levels so this is something i think they didn't think through very carefully when they", "quSsL2odskQ-00356-00264224-00264912": "thought they would provide the data to the people because it can lead into really misleading results", "quSsL2odskQ-00357-00264992-00265944": "what we need to do is we need to go here and find a way to separate only the lowest level of nuts", "quSsL2odskQ-00358-00266000-00266688": "not level three and this is what i will show you after i give you a minute or two so that you can", "quSsL2odskQ-00359-00266776-00267368": "open to gis bring in this nuts zipped file and be able to see it on the screen", "quSsL2odskQ-00360-00267464-00268984": "and also to open the attribute table", "quSsL2odskQ-00361-00270472-00271784": "and here if there are any questions that i need to stop and respond to please let me know thank you", "quSsL2odskQ-00362-00272088-00272848": "everything's okay surfing no question hold our answer okay and in this case i'm moving to", "quSsL2odskQ-00363-00272848-00274128": "b4 b4 says um mapping the four nuts levels so um instead of me i mean i can do this let me see", "quSsL2odskQ-00364-00274128-00274968": "very quickly so b1 b2 d3 we explore this a little bit now we are in b4 mapping the four nuts levels", "quSsL2odskQ-00365-00275080-00276280": "so this is the first mapping we will try to do again right click properties and now um let's", "quSsL2odskQ-00366-00276280-00276928": "okay it unselected this symbology is the next thing that you will be using a lot with ugis", "quSsL2odskQ-00367-00276928-00277744": "it's basically how you map things on the view and here we will try to mark these different", "quSsL2odskQ-00368-00277744-00278224": "levels we said there are four different levels we will try to see what is happening here", "quSsL2odskQ-00369-00278224-00278952": "okay so these are now categorical variable it's a categorical variable it's numeric 0 1 2 3 but", "quSsL2odskQ-00370-00278952-00279728": "it's actually a category behind it so we use the categorized option it was the level variable", "quSsL2odskQ-00371-00279880-00280784": "here it is the level code and then we use classify we leave this as random colors it doesn't matter", "quSsL2odskQ-00372-00280784-00281600": "and we classify it and depending on the mood of your gis you may get different colors", "quSsL2odskQ-00373-00281600-00282520": "here so we will keep it as it is and then we will click ok and we will see immediately the result", "quSsL2odskQ-00374-00282584-00283320": "on the screen and the result is not very um let's say exciting it's quite messy actually", "quSsL2odskQ-00375-00283416-00283992": "and because as i said the different layers open so if we untick them", "quSsL2odskQ-00376-00284136-00284896": "then you get to see the country level okay so not zero is the only thing we see now these are the", "quSsL2odskQ-00377-00284896-00285704": "countries if we click one we can then see the next level okay they have names these things", "quSsL2odskQ-00378-00285704-00286288": "large areas or regions etc you can see for example in the uk or in greece and then you have", "quSsL2odskQ-00379-00286288-00286904": "the next layer level up it starts getting messy in turkey because the levels start getting mixed", "quSsL2odskQ-00380-00286904-00287680": "so it's better if we untickle the others and then finally the level we are interested in level three", "quSsL2odskQ-00381-00287744-00288512": "there we are however this is not enough we have simply visualized it we have not really done", "quSsL2odskQ-00382-00288512-00289032": "any manipulation so anything we try to do will apply to all these overlaying levels we have to", "quSsL2odskQ-00383-00289032-00289984": "find a way to separate this level three from the mixed data set and create a new data set", "quSsL2odskQ-00384-00290064-00291048": "okay so in slide b5 you can basically see the problem as i just described it the formats levels", "quSsL2odskQ-00385-00291048-00291648": "came as a single layer but they overlap and this is now what this annoying animation means it means", "quSsL2odskQ-00386-00291648-00292440": "these things are overlapping and a trick i use is to always switch on here the feature count", "quSsL2odskQ-00387-00292504-00293016": "because then you can see how many of these areas fall under each category this is a", "quSsL2odskQ-00388-00293016-00293520": "very important piece of information to have so that you can understand a little bit your data", "quSsL2odskQ-00389-00293736-00294704": "okay so you can see here 37 countries and we are basically aiming to separate these 1514 areas", "quSsL2odskQ-00390-00294800-00295560": "if we open the attribute table again you will see here that we have in total 2010 features", "quSsL2odskQ-00391-00295560-00296304": "this is because all these areas are very linked so we have to find a way to separate these 1514", "quSsL2odskQ-00392-00296584-00297216": "okay there are many ways to do it we could for example rank it and we could", "quSsL2odskQ-00393-00297216-00297808": "go and select these areas one by one right we could for example when we left click here", "quSsL2odskQ-00394-00297920-00298896": "and keep shift down then we select areas but it is a little bit painful to do this 1514 times", "quSsL2odskQ-00395-00298896-00299296": "you can see here as we select the areas they are highlighted", "quSsL2odskQ-00396-00299296-00300096": "on the map we could select the first one scroll down try to find the last one somewhere here", "quSsL2odskQ-00397-00300464-00301224": "and then select all of them but in the process we selected the few that are number two so this is", "quSsL2odskQ-00398-00301224-00301872": "not a very safe way to select data with uh the attribute table we need a little bit more of a", "quSsL2odskQ-00399-00301872-00302416": "scientific way if we selected things by mistake or clicked on them there is this little button", "quSsL2odskQ-00400-00302416-00302888": "here that says deselect features and then it deselects everything anything that is", "quSsL2odskQ-00401-00302888-00303440": "yellow on the screen on the view means that you have selected something and this is dangerous", "quSsL2odskQ-00402-00303440-00303920": "sometimes because some of the operations only work on the selected features so you need to", "quSsL2odskQ-00403-00303920-00304440": "make sure that this selected is set to zero you don't see any yellow things on your screen", "quSsL2odskQ-00404-00304688-00305368": "okay so we will try a different approach we will try the scientific way there is this", "quSsL2odskQ-00405-00305368-00306016": "selection button here select features using an expression which of course opens a little window", "quSsL2odskQ-00406-00306200-00306816": "and then in here we can write an expression but we need to know what we are trying to write and", "quSsL2odskQ-00407-00306816-00307512": "sometimes the terminology of how we write is very specific it's basically sql and writing", "quSsL2odskQ-00408-00307608-00308336": "script or we can do it by clicking so we know we are looking for a field that is called level code", "quSsL2odskQ-00409-00308416-00309208": "double click on it and we know that this level code should be equal to something and if we forgot", "quSsL2odskQ-00410-00309208-00309920": "what it should be equal to we check here all the unique values and we can see the unique values", "quSsL2odskQ-00411-00309920-00310480": "zero one two three we click on three double click on three and this is basically the expression", "quSsL2odskQ-00412-00310576-00311136": "and as i said earlier of course we can also type in these spaces here don't matter you", "quSsL2odskQ-00413-00311136-00311752": "can have many spaces or we can have one space usually i leave one space between", "quSsL2odskQ-00414-00311880-00312576": "and this is the expression that we apply then to the table here we have many different selections", "quSsL2odskQ-00415-00312696-00313168": "about the selected features but because we are doing a new selection", "quSsL2odskQ-00416-00313168-00313928": "we just say select these features okay and now we are confident that on the attribute table", "quSsL2odskQ-00417-00314008-00314312": "only the level three code has been selected", "quSsL2odskQ-00418-00314760-00315176": "and this is why we see everything you can close the attribute table now", "quSsL2odskQ-00419-00315176-00315856": "we can close these two a selection remains and we can see that all these areas are yellow", "quSsL2odskQ-00420-00315856-00316440": "unfortunately it's not easy to see here on the main screen if the pictures have been", "quSsL2odskQ-00421-00316440-00316880": "selected you need to open the attribute table and then it tells you that 1", "quSsL2odskQ-00422-00316992-00317624": "514 features have been selected which is how many are the three that's why this is also important", "quSsL2odskQ-00423-00317976-00318016": "okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00424-00318408-00319416": "once we select these we can now right click export to save these pictures", "quSsL2odskQ-00425-00319416-00319856": "and as i said there's usually two or three different ways to do this kind of things", "quSsL2odskQ-00426-00319856-00320784": "and i prefer this way from export save features", "quSsL2odskQ-00427-00321256-00321344": "and then here", "quSsL2odskQ-00428-00321600-00322464": "we want a shape file we will save it again as a shapefile we want the same crs", "quSsL2odskQ-00429-00322464-00323064": "remember we selected the crs it's 3035 so we want it to remain the same", "quSsL2odskQ-00430-00323336-00323760": "we can switch it if we want to the project crs it's exactly the same here", "quSsL2odskQ-00431-00324008-00324584": "then it starts becoming complicated we don't want to change it okay and then here", "quSsL2odskQ-00432-00324800-00324984": "we go", "quSsL2odskQ-00433-00325136-00326096": "nuts3 i pre-created the folder but you can create a new folder and i call this folder not something", "quSsL2odskQ-00434-00326096-00327192": "meaningful not three shp and in there i will give a name and the name i give is the name of the data", "quSsL2odskQ-00435-00327192-00327920": "set i had originally and i add this number three so what i'm trying to do here is to remind myself", "quSsL2odskQ-00436-00327920-00328752": "that this data comes from the nuts level data at 1 million for 21 on the projection 3035 and", "quSsL2odskQ-00437-00328752-00329480": "i just start the three there to make sure that this is level three data only and then i save it", "quSsL2odskQ-00438-00330000-00330704": "here we can choose for example different fields if we want to omit any but let's save all the things", "quSsL2odskQ-00439-00330704-00331320": "as they are and then okay in my case it's asking if it should override the file because i already", "quSsL2odskQ-00440-00331320-00332736": "had a file like this otherwise it will simply create it okay and then it loaded and now we have", "quSsL2odskQ-00441-00332792-00333608": "an interesting case now we have two layers here on the left you can see the one we just mapped", "quSsL2odskQ-00442-00333784-00334576": "with all the different levels and this one the one we just created the dark one and if we click", "quSsL2odskQ-00443-00334576-00335560": "now on this dark one oops sorry i have the other one active ah yes i did something wrong of course", "quSsL2odskQ-00444-00335624-00336504": "yes i'm sorry i will go one step back i will show you what happened i forgot one little detail this", "quSsL2odskQ-00445-00336504-00337648": "may happen to you as well so it couldn't happen to me when we export in fact it happens a lot um", "quSsL2odskQ-00446-00338120-00338808": "when i exported i exported the whole um the whole data set", "quSsL2odskQ-00447-00338880-00339520": "basically i created the copy of all the different layers so i will do it again and", "quSsL2odskQ-00448-00339616-00340432": "there you go save but the crucial thing is down here where was it save only selected", "quSsL2odskQ-00449-00340432-00341120": "features in the practical i highlight it but sometimes i forget you need to pick save only", "quSsL2odskQ-00450-00341120-00341984": "the selected features and then when you click ok to override the file and now it should work", "quSsL2odskQ-00451-00342280-00343144": "there you go if we click on one of them now only one is highlighted here you can see this i am in", "quSsL2odskQ-00452-00343144-00343744": "some random place and i clicked a few in this case it was two because they are too close together", "quSsL2odskQ-00453-00343824-00344472": "this one again so i'm confident now that this is correct but always always always", "quSsL2odskQ-00454-00344560-00345288": "double check with the attribute table the attribute table is essential to constantly", "quSsL2odskQ-00455-00345288-00346096": "keep checking so we can see here 1514 features when we check rank by level code it's", "quSsL2odskQ-00456-00346096-00346792": "three the nuts ids now don't contain the countries they only contain the most detailed level", "quSsL2odskQ-00457-00346896-00347384": "and all the other features we retain so they are there", "quSsL2odskQ-00458-00347568-00348568": "okay that means we have um two layers now and the one that is on the top is the one that is drawn", "quSsL2odskQ-00459-00348568-00349312": "last so if you get very confused there i will open this you pull it down and then the other one goes", "quSsL2odskQ-00460-00349312-00350240": "to the top okay so if you think you're mapping the wrong layer simply pull down or move up and moving", "quSsL2odskQ-00461-00350240-00350752": "up is always a little bit trickier than pulling down and then you will mark the correct one", "quSsL2odskQ-00462-00351088-00351792": "okay so we selected our features we're in b9 now we're moving on and", "quSsL2odskQ-00463-00351792-00351992": "unless amir stops me i will continue", "quSsL2odskQ-00464-00352496-00352984": "continue serving please excellent okay thank you honey okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00465-00353200-00353312": "right um", "quSsL2odskQ-00466-00353696-00354368": "but okay moving on to b9 create the new shape file with the nasty boundaries let me share", "quSsL2odskQ-00467-00354368-00355256": "my screen [Music] okay here we are check the new layer attribute table but it only connects we did", "quSsL2odskQ-00468-00355256-00356016": "that we opened it we checked it and and let's do a little bit of more exciting mapping now let's live", "quSsL2odskQ-00469-00356016-00356888": "aside here you need to be a little bit careful to live aside the one that we already had and just", "quSsL2odskQ-00470-00356888-00357384": "untick it but leave it there for the time being because we never know if things went wrong or if", "quSsL2odskQ-00471-00357384-00358488": "we do something wrong but remember we go into the properties of the new nuts layer symbology and we", "quSsL2odskQ-00472-00358488-00359080": "will try not to mark the country level data so let's not countries they are also categorized", "quSsL2odskQ-00473-00359392-00359984": "okay and we will mark country code", "quSsL2odskQ-00474-00360088-00360944": "country code okay classify again you may get different colors here apply and okay okay this", "quSsL2odskQ-00475-00360944-00361736": "is a beautiful mod of the country and don't get misled now this is a different concept to", "quSsL2odskQ-00476-00361904-00362456": "this map okay so this is countries at the country level", "quSsL2odskQ-00477-00362648-00363304": "and this is country at the country level so we only have 37 of them here", "quSsL2odskQ-00478-00363448-00364072": "right and the boundaries define the country boundaries if you click on one of them in", "quSsL2odskQ-00479-00364072-00364616": "theory but in practice it will not work because there's all these overlays you should be able to", "quSsL2odskQ-00480-00364616-00365376": "see this one country the countries we just created here is the nuts data the nuts three-level data", "quSsL2odskQ-00481-00365432-00366056": "mapped with a code that is the country code so it is a little bit misleading what you see here", "quSsL2odskQ-00482-00366120-00366752": "when you click on it you don't get a country you get the next level data not three sorry", "quSsL2odskQ-00483-00366896-00367616": "i keep clicking two here is one okay so it doesn't select the whole country i just marked it so that", "quSsL2odskQ-00484-00367616-00368288": "we get some interesting patterns here and and we know that things are working for us and there are", "quSsL2odskQ-00485-00368288-00368720": "ways of course from here to go to the countries etc we are not going to deal with this for the", "quSsL2odskQ-00486-00368720-00369416": "time being i just wanted you to see how to mark the country level and remember always right click", "quSsL2odskQ-00487-00369416-00370064": "and switch on the show features count and here you can see nicely how many of these nasty areas", "quSsL2odskQ-00488-00370064-00371184": "are within every country okay so again albania for example has 12 of these nuts areas the uk has 179", "quSsL2odskQ-00489-00371368-00372456": "okay this was b9 b10 and we will now we are confident that this extraction of nuts level", "quSsL2odskQ-00490-00372456-00373136": "3 has worked we will remove this extra layer that we downloaded the original one remove layer", "quSsL2odskQ-00491-00373368-00373968": "okay remember we are not losing anything by removing layers from here they are still", "quSsL2odskQ-00492-00373968-00374712": "stored as shape files we just remove it from the view and and this layer is already saved", "quSsL2odskQ-00493-00374712-00375176": "as a shapefile so we don't need to worry about it but we need to save the project", "quSsL2odskQ-00494-00375176-00375880": "we need to save all the work we've done so far and this view that we have so we call project save", "quSsL2odskQ-00495-00375952-00376952": "as and then we save the project so i'm going to save it as exercise 2 same yes i would overwrite", "quSsL2odskQ-00496-00376952-00377520": "in your case you would not have any exercise too so it would be fine okay so the project", "quSsL2odskQ-00497-00377520-00378104": "is simply a set of instructions to tell you gis next time we open qgis or if we find the", "quSsL2odskQ-00498-00378104-00378744": "project and open it or if we load it this is how we want the screen to look like and what we want", "quSsL2odskQ-00499-00378744-00379176": "it to look like with this kind of setting this kind of colors and this kind of layers", "quSsL2odskQ-00500-00379440-00380088": "and and usually i save the project very close to the data so that i know which", "quSsL2odskQ-00501-00380088-00380448": "project you will realize once you do five or six different projects and you save", "quSsL2odskQ-00502-00380448-00381008": "the projects elsewhere you will always get confused about which data is this project", "quSsL2odskQ-00503-00381008-00381544": "actually using so i tend to save the project very close to where the data is", "quSsL2odskQ-00504-00381792-00382648": "okay um let me check very quickly amir i thank you also for reminding me of the time because", "quSsL2odskQ-00505-00382792-00383448": "uh there is that issue as well uh surfing we have a question in the chat that you may answer", "quSsL2odskQ-00506-00383528-00384168": "okay um and and so the question is can you repeat how to see every attribute for a specific", "quSsL2odskQ-00507-00384168-00384744": "country okay this this can be interpreted in many different ways and maybe you mean", "quSsL2odskQ-00508-00384744-00385640": "um this option here so feature count on and off this could be one thing that you may mean or", "quSsL2odskQ-00509-00385640-00386264": "how to open the attribute table which is this open attribute table and then you can see the", "quSsL2odskQ-00510-00386264-00387312": "attributes or you may mean here how do we actually get to see what the feature is in which case we", "quSsL2odskQ-00511-00387312-00388088": "click this i button identify and then we click on it and then it opens this here this little table", "quSsL2odskQ-00512-00388088-00388704": "this little table is actually the attributes from the attribute table it's just instead of", "quSsL2odskQ-00513-00388704-00389484": "horizontal we see them verity okay in a different format so i hope i answered the question [Music]", "quSsL2odskQ-00514-00389928-00390960": "right um yes someone is asking they selected the nut 311 they exported it but when they click the", "quSsL2odskQ-00515-00390960-00391512": "polygon it still highlights all the ones around it etc there's two things that may have happened here", "quSsL2odskQ-00516-00391512-00392328": "one is maybe you made the same mistake that i made in the when i exported the data i forgot to click", "quSsL2odskQ-00517-00392328-00393584": "to tick the selected data set only so i will go to the presentation [Music] and we", "quSsL2odskQ-00518-00393876-00394672": "[Music] she answered that already she has done this okay so there's still a oh i did", "quSsL2odskQ-00519-00394672-00395408": "okay i did ask him i'm not sure what this means id doesn't i made it work or i did i think i did", "quSsL2odskQ-00520-00395408-00396112": "it properly no she answered me actually she uh she saved this uh selected features only", "quSsL2odskQ-00521-00396112-00396848": "selected pictures okay so yeah then then we may have an issue that you need to select the right um", "quSsL2odskQ-00522-00396848-00397544": "layer to highlight and remember if you're at the wrong scale and you click it select square of q", "quSsL2odskQ-00523-00397656-00398256": "because you need to there is a way to specify when you click here what sort of radius of selection", "quSsL2odskQ-00524-00398256-00399184": "will happen so you have to go in quite quite in there to select or click and only see one", "quSsL2odskQ-00525-00399304-00399752": "so it may be a matter of scale or it may be a matter of which layer", "quSsL2odskQ-00526-00399752-00400136": "are you actually using here on the left whether it's the right layer", "quSsL2odskQ-00527-00400192-00400584": "or whether it's the original name in which case there may be a problem", "quSsL2odskQ-00528-00401168-00401528": "okay so i will um", "quSsL2odskQ-00529-00401776-00402192": "there is a question about how can i add columns of coordinates for each layer", "quSsL2odskQ-00530-00402192-00403016": "in the attribute tables but we will come to that [Music] in the next few minutes", "quSsL2odskQ-00531-00403360-00404376": "okay so we are now at step 11. we are confident that our geographical data is clean and tidy", "quSsL2odskQ-00532-00404376-00404784": "this is the data we wanted but we downloaded population level data", "quSsL2odskQ-00533-00404944-00405632": "and remember it's a simple csv file i know some people downloaded it as a zip file and then it was", "quSsL2odskQ-00534-00405632-00406328": "a matter of unzipping it but there was an option to download as a csv file and if people haven't", "quSsL2odskQ-00535-00406328-00406952": "downloaded it as a csv file and they cannot unzip it please let us know and uh amir can maybe send", "quSsL2odskQ-00536-00406952-00408176": "you the um the actual csv or i can stop and we can repeat it and but the way to bring in this", "quSsL2odskQ-00537-00408176-00409040": "data here is again through this open data source manager but this time it is not vector data it", "quSsL2odskQ-00538-00409040-00409792": "had no geography it had an identifier but no other geographical information it was a delimited text", "quSsL2odskQ-00539-00409928-00410543": "okay so we're following the steps here on importing the delimited text", "quSsL2odskQ-00540-00411024-00411808": "okay let's see first of all we have to find it", "quSsL2odskQ-00541-00411808-00412360": "and as i said in this case unfortunately this zip file will not work it will have to be a csv", "quSsL2odskQ-00542-00412624-00412896": "open it comma separated file", "quSsL2odskQ-00543-00413128-00414224": "okay we don't want to discard any of the headers that's what we can see here it looks good", "quSsL2odskQ-00544-00414464-00415008": "so the first line is the headers the all important data is actually this one this", "quSsL2odskQ-00545-00415008-00415664": "column observed value everything else is of no use apart from the geo which is also", "quSsL2odskQ-00546-00415664-00416384": "the identifier but we will import everything and then we will see how we can clean it up", "quSsL2odskQ-00547-00416792-00417624": "so add and then close and remember qgis treats everything as a layer it doesn't care whether it's", "quSsL2odskQ-00548-00417624-00418432": "a shape file or a grid file or even as a csv file it's still a layer it was imported here as", "quSsL2odskQ-00549-00418432-00419128": "an extra layer we can open the attribute table of this layer which is just a table where the", "quSsL2odskQ-00550-00419128-00419856": "whole layer is only a table and you can see here basically the data you downloaded and", "quSsL2odskQ-00551-00419856-00420568": "a lot of this information is a data we will get rid of it here is the value the population value", "quSsL2odskQ-00552-00420743-00421512": "and here is the unique identifier and when i click here you can see again that this file also", "quSsL2odskQ-00553-00421512-00422112": "came with all the different levels from the country level down that's why when", "quSsL2odskQ-00554-00422112-00422647": "you look at the observed value you have some really massive numbers here this is a europe", "quSsL2odskQ-00555-00422647-00423247": "euro eu 27 for 2020 it's the whole population and then you have the different countries", "quSsL2odskQ-00556-00423392-00424047": "etc and then the different regions so this data set is also a little bit messed up", "quSsL2odskQ-00557-00424047-00424824": "but we are not going to clean it we will use it as it is in the hope that when we do the merge", "quSsL2odskQ-00558-00424824-00425447": "the redundant information will be discarded and only the essential information will be kept okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00559-00425728-00426784": "so let's go to the presentation um we opened it we saw it it is there and it is a new layer", "quSsL2odskQ-00560-00426904-00427639": "and then we will do this magic join so and because everything is treated as a table", "quSsL2odskQ-00561-00427639-00428400": "in gis in most gis in qgis as well that means we can then do operations between tables which is the", "quSsL2odskQ-00562-00428400-00429143": "purpose of this first workshop so to understand that there are tables that we are playing with", "quSsL2odskQ-00563-00429143-00429808": "here and also that we can do things between these tables so one of the most important things we", "quSsL2odskQ-00564-00429808-00430688": "do with tables is adjoin and and remember this will work when you have a unique identifier in", "quSsL2odskQ-00565-00430688-00431432": "both tables so you need to be very clear and very certain about what this unique identifier is okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00566-00431712-00431943": "so we will join the table and", "quSsL2odskQ-00567-00432432-00432888": "uh sarafin there is a question in q a that you may answer okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00568-00433352-00434639": "uh yes okay i will go back half a step delimited here we found the name csv remember and here um", "quSsL2odskQ-00569-00434720-00435535": "it doesn't matter what we have here in a way and this one is it's better if we click node geometry", "quSsL2odskQ-00570-00435535-00436112": "because we are confident there is no geometry there sometimes the csv that we want to import", "quSsL2odskQ-00571-00436192-00436888": "contains coordinates itself for example it can be the xy coordinates of observations on the ground", "quSsL2odskQ-00572-00436888-00437432": "or people's addresses or something like that in which case this may matter", "quSsL2odskQ-00573-00437528-00438128": "in this case in the particular case uh for the data set we are uploading we have node geometry", "quSsL2odskQ-00574-00438192-00438935": "so we just upload it as standard but thanks for the question it's a good question um", "quSsL2odskQ-00575-00439224-00439920": "okay let's see let's try the end time because someone is stuck", "quSsL2odskQ-00576-00439920-00440839": "so we will try i will repeat the process and then i will remove one of the two files open here so", "quSsL2odskQ-00577-00441008-00441839": "csp okay it's a delimited text csv is the file format utf-8", "quSsL2odskQ-00578-00442039-00442392": "do not get rid of any of these click the first", "quSsL2odskQ-00579-00442528-00443328": "as fig names detect the types here if we take point coordinates then it will expect", "quSsL2odskQ-00580-00443328-00443984": "us to enter things which of these fields is the point coordinates so no geometry", "quSsL2odskQ-00581-00444184-00444712": "i should have made this more clear in my slides no geometry and then add and then", "quSsL2odskQ-00582-00444712-00445432": "close and as i said it would open again but it doesn't matter we can get rid of one of", "quSsL2odskQ-00583-00445432-00446824": "the layers and we are left with one okay so hopefully this has worked now for everyone", "quSsL2odskQ-00584-00446824-00447456": "so we open now the properties of the nuts3 layer", "quSsL2odskQ-00585-00447824-00448184": "and here um", "quSsL2odskQ-00586-00449239-00449584": "symbology", "quSsL2odskQ-00587-00450328-00451008": "we have the joints i lost i had only a little snapshot so i couldn't see the joint so this", "quSsL2odskQ-00588-00451008-00451824": "manages joins with other layers now when we become more sophisticated these kind of joins can be um", "quSsL2odskQ-00589-00451824-00452480": "more complex we can do joints between geographical layers but in this case we keep it simple we will", "quSsL2odskQ-00590-00452480-00453256": "join a table to our features to our geographical world to our shape file we create a new join", "quSsL2odskQ-00591-00453432-00454208": "and then here the join layer is this complex name linear which is a csv table", "quSsL2odskQ-00592-00454304-00454904": "the join field is where we have to be very careful and not accept the default this can be anything", "quSsL2odskQ-00593-00454904-00456624": "it's probably the first one that we can find but the joint field as i say my notes is this geo for", "quSsL2odskQ-00594-00456624-00457080": "and remember i said in the beginning that it could be the nuts id or it could be", "quSsL2odskQ-00595-00457080-00457504": "the feature id they are the same we checked that let's use the nuts id", "quSsL2odskQ-00596-00457639-00458376": "okay and then here is where we can get rid of all these extra fields that we don't need we", "quSsL2odskQ-00597-00458376-00459000": "will only keep the geo and the observed value the observed value was the population value", "quSsL2odskQ-00598-00459256-00460039": "and if we leave things as they are the new things will have this really complicated name so i prefer", "quSsL2odskQ-00599-00460039-00460639": "to change it a little bit we will keep the demo so that we remember where the data came from", "quSsL2odskQ-00600-00460728-00461192": "but we will shorten it so when we open the attribute table it will be a much shorter field", "quSsL2odskQ-00601-00461312-00462008": "so these are the specifications here the csv file the join field is from the csv", "quSsL2odskQ-00602-00462008-00462616": "file the identifier the target field is the nuts id then we only take the", "quSsL2odskQ-00603-00462616-00463152": "geo and the observed value to do a check and a custom three prefix", "quSsL2odskQ-00604-00463528-00464600": "okay we click ok something has happened here join has been created but it hasn't been applied yet we", "quSsL2odskQ-00605-00464600-00465720": "can see if it's okay yes okay the joint field the target field etc etc and then we apply the join", "quSsL2odskQ-00606-00465856-00466528": "something happened in the background we don't know what that and then we click okay and now", "quSsL2odskQ-00607-00466528-00467056": "what is the best way to check what happened always open the attribute table", "quSsL2odskQ-00608-00467288-00467904": "okay we open the attribute table for the nuts features and now we can see that here", "quSsL2odskQ-00609-00467904-00468552": "there are two extra columns the demo jail so the unique identifier from the csv file", "quSsL2odskQ-00610-00468664-00469184": "and the observed value for the from the csv file which is the population", "quSsL2odskQ-00611-00469343-00470256": "nothing else changed in our shape file we still have 1514 features and two extra columns were", "quSsL2odskQ-00612-00470256-00471224": "added anything that didn't match any extra rows that were in the csv file that were irrelevant", "quSsL2odskQ-00613-00471224-00471728": "because they were referring to countries etc they were left out this is why i said we don't need to", "quSsL2odskQ-00614-00471728-00472856": "clean the csv file okay so when we switch here we see for example finance three level information", "quSsL2odskQ-00615-00473143-00473696": "okay i will pause for a minute because this is a crucial step if this has worked", "quSsL2odskQ-00616-00473696-00474496": "then we are two-thirds into the workshop and we can then produce some maps and wrap up but", "quSsL2odskQ-00617-00474496-00475360": "if this doesn't work then the join process uh to repeat the join process okay i will repeat it one", "quSsL2odskQ-00618-00475360-00476216": "more time it is a tricky one i will also show you first of all remember properties for the layers", "quSsL2odskQ-00619-00476456-00476912": "we can get rid of it join if we realize it didn't work or something went wrong", "quSsL2odskQ-00620-00476912-00477704": "we highlight it here and we minus and then okay and then when we open the attribute table", "quSsL2odskQ-00621-00477839-00478568": "it's gone and what does this mean this means that this join is in a way temporary", "quSsL2odskQ-00622-00478624-00479176": "okay it doesn't change the shape line we haven't changed the shape file we haven't saved", "quSsL2odskQ-00623-00479176-00479968": "extra information into the shape file this join has been saved in a temporary way and so", "quSsL2odskQ-00624-00479968-00480384": "we would repeat the properties as i said it's a very important step", "quSsL2odskQ-00625-00480512-00481424": "join add a new join here we select we have to find first of all the csv but it's clever enough", "quSsL2odskQ-00626-00481424-00482039": "to know that there is here a layer that we may want to join the current layer too", "quSsL2odskQ-00627-00482143-00482632": "the join field is the important thing it's a geo it's referring to the chp", "quSsL2odskQ-00628-00482784-00483664": "the comma separated text file then we have the nuts id and remember here we only selected geo", "quSsL2odskQ-00629-00483752-00484584": "observed value and in the custom field we removed the extra information and we just kept them", "quSsL2odskQ-00630-00484776-00485400": "and here i don't think it makes any difference just leave it as it is click ok", "quSsL2odskQ-00631-00485480-00486368": "the join has happened we can inspect it it looks correct you want two fields only apply okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00632-00486528-00487384": "open the attribute table and this is what we see now", "quSsL2odskQ-00633-00487847-00488968": "also in slide b 14 and so b 13 where we inspect the attribute okay i will assume everyone is", "quSsL2odskQ-00634-00488968-00489656": "following and because once we have this new data we need to do a couple of calculations", "quSsL2odskQ-00635-00489856-00490535": "so now we start changing basically the shape file uh gradually um but", "quSsL2odskQ-00636-00490608-00491335": "not yet but when we save it we will have changed it okay remember we want to calculate density", "quSsL2odskQ-00637-00491335-00491928": "so we need the area of every region and we need the population the population we have already", "quSsL2odskQ-00638-00491928-00492984": "it's here the area we don't have so what we will do is we will create a new field", "quSsL2odskQ-00639-00493096-00493143": "okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00640-00493616-00494128": "we will create a new field and do the calculation in one go there is a way to create a new field", "quSsL2odskQ-00641-00494128-00494704": "and then go in and recalculate it but it takes a little longer so we open the field calculator", "quSsL2odskQ-00642-00494704-00495168": "in the attribute table remember this first part of the workshop is only playing with", "quSsL2odskQ-00643-00495168-00495912": "the attribute table so we create a new field this new field will be called uh", "quSsL2odskQ-00644-00496439-00497680": "so it was one step ahead yes okay we are in p14 and we will create a new field remember this", "quSsL2odskQ-00645-00497735-00498480": "connection is temporary so to make it permanent and to save this population data we will create", "quSsL2odskQ-00646-00498480-00499984": "a new field top 2021 leave everything as it is and we will take this value from the fields", "quSsL2odskQ-00647-00500056-00501080": "here it is okay so what are we doing here um if we misplace the csv file we save it somewhere", "quSsL2odskQ-00648-00501080-00501720": "else or delete it by mistake and this extra information in the shapefile will be lost forever", "quSsL2odskQ-00649-00501792-00502472": "so we will have to repeat the whole process to avoid this one way is create a new field transfer", "quSsL2odskQ-00650-00502472-00502984": "the information and then break the join break the link and this is what we are trying to do here", "quSsL2odskQ-00651-00503047-00503664": "we are creating a new field not a virtual field a real field so we will actually edit", "quSsL2odskQ-00652-00503664-00504216": "the shape file it will be a whole number because we are talking about all people", "quSsL2odskQ-00653-00504216-00505088": "and population and we can leave this length as 10. we will take the values from these", "quSsL2odskQ-00654-00505088-00506160": "demo ops etc so i did here was to double click i will delete this and do it again that's it so", "quSsL2odskQ-00655-00506160-00506656": "we need we don't need this time anything to be equal or anything we are saying transfer to the", "quSsL2odskQ-00656-00506656-00507416": "pop 2021 which will be created this value from this field the values from this field", "quSsL2odskQ-00657-00507624-00508384": "and then we click ok and we see in theory immediately the effect on the advocate table", "quSsL2odskQ-00658-00508928-00509608": "this takes a little bit longer than i thought uh surfing you may answer two questions in q a", "quSsL2odskQ-00659-00509608-00510320": "in the meantime yes i was meant to copy i have a lot of them yes we'll come back to the demo", "quSsL2odskQ-00660-00510320-00510896": "values i did that and see no map just white ah that's a little bit more complicated now", "quSsL2odskQ-00661-00510992-00512008": "um and i have an extra complication here that it's not doing the calculation okay on the null values", "quSsL2odskQ-00662-00512008-00512847": "we will come back because this is uh where the we will clarify this further on the just white is a", "quSsL2odskQ-00663-00512847-00513343": "little bit more complicated i'm not sure what they are referring to when they say i did that", "quSsL2odskQ-00664-00513343-00514288": "and i see no map just white and we also have another responding to gis here which is warring", "quSsL2odskQ-00665-00515016-00516000": "this is why it is important to keep saving your work because sometimes of course things crash um", "quSsL2odskQ-00666-00516176-00516816": "unfortunately i will have to close the program and and pick it up from", "quSsL2odskQ-00667-00516912-00517672": "this join it seems that others also had the same problem in the chat you mean with the cash", "quSsL2odskQ-00668-00517672-00518376": "with the crash hmm that's interesting because it worked really well for us when we tested it okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00669-00519160-00519832": "okay that means we we are overrunning a little bit but let's see", "quSsL2odskQ-00670-00520168-00520984": "let's see what the impact of this crash was", "quSsL2odskQ-00671-00521112-00521735": "okay unfortunately the the crash has quite a major impact because um", "quSsL2odskQ-00672-00521800-00522384": "yes of course it goes back to the last time we saved and last time we saved was the", "quSsL2odskQ-00673-00522456-00522847": "remember when created the map of the country so", "quSsL2odskQ-00674-00523104-00523784": "okay i will share my screen again so the crash happens to everyone", "quSsL2odskQ-00675-00524408-00525184": "there we are remember we created this country this country map and", "quSsL2odskQ-00676-00526824-00527512": "okay we are back and um i just wanted to very quickly um", "quSsL2odskQ-00677-00527592-00529384": "wrap up the first part and and then hand over to amir so let me see", "quSsL2odskQ-00678-00532696-00533192": "okay just to reassure you that we actually achieved quite a lot", "quSsL2odskQ-00679-00533192-00534128": "because if we manage to reach this point calculating the area and then the density and", "quSsL2odskQ-00680-00534360-00534816": "this is where we were we were comparing the density with the population", "quSsL2odskQ-00681-00534984-00535672": "then we exported the data in a simple csv format and here i just wanted to clarify very briefly", "quSsL2odskQ-00682-00535824-00536872": "the folders and files and the zip file contained a shape file the problem with shapefile is that they", "quSsL2odskQ-00683-00536872-00537512": "have decided to call the shape file as a concept and the shape file as a file the same thing", "quSsL2odskQ-00684-00537512-00538280": "so when we say shapefile we actually mean five files if these are zipped and in a single folder", "quSsL2odskQ-00685-00538280-00538968": "then they can be uploaded very quickly and easily into gis without the need to unzip them otherwise", "quSsL2odskQ-00686-00539032-00539704": "it's a more complicated structure like with the airports where the the zip file contained", "quSsL2odskQ-00687-00539704-00540392": "files inside a folder that also had files inside then qgis cannot read it", "quSsL2odskQ-00688-00540576-00541384": "the file we saved the shape file i deliberately named the folder underscore shp to remind myself", "quSsL2odskQ-00689-00541384-00541984": "that in there there is a shape file and if you look into that folder you will see now", "quSsL2odskQ-00690-00542048-00542696": "six files one of them is a shapefile if you want to send transfer move", "quSsL2odskQ-00691-00542696-00543416": "the shapefile you cannot simply move this one file you have to zip the folder or transfer the whole", "quSsL2odskQ-00692-00543416-00544064": "folder remember this will zip files there are better formats and there are formats and under", "quSsL2odskQ-00693-00544064-00544640": "development etc but at the moment you saw that a lot of data is downloadable as a shapefile", "quSsL2odskQ-00694-00544712-00545600": "and finally the csv file we exported it's a simple csv file and and you can see here in brief", "quSsL2odskQ-00695-00545600-00546296": "the details and the the different fields as a text file and it contains the population", "quSsL2odskQ-00696-00546456-00547080": "the other things i had in mind was to play a little bit with the color your color scheme so", "quSsL2odskQ-00697-00547080-00547736": "under symbology and and you saw how i did this and the different patterns that you can see here", "quSsL2odskQ-00698-00547840-00548432": "and there is a little exercise to map the categorical variables that we didn't look", "quSsL2odskQ-00699-00548432-00549208": "at the urban type for example which is the urban areas the three urban areas and the coastal areas", "quSsL2odskQ-00700-00549264-00549952": "so color them in different and colors to see the patterns and finally i had an example there", "quSsL2odskQ-00701-00549952-00550512": "i didn't have in mind to complete today anyway it's a little bit more complicated how to export", "quSsL2odskQ-00702-00550576-00551288": "what you see not as a snap as a snip but as a proper professional map you need to", "quSsL2odskQ-00703-00551360-00552136": "open a new kind of in under project and you print layout and then it creates a print layout that", "quSsL2odskQ-00704-00552136-00552776": "you can save as a pdf but and this is the very very final stage once you are done with your", "quSsL2odskQ-00705-00552904-00553776": "with your analysis etc etc so we completed the exercise so the first part and sorry we overrun", "quSsL2odskQ-00706-00553776-00554208": "amir will take over for the second part and he will follow a slightly different pattern", "quSsL2odskQ-00707-00554328-00554992": "he will follow the steps slowly and we don't expect exactly everyone to follow", "quSsL2odskQ-00708-00554992-00555456": "necessarily if you are struggling with the data if the data didn't work out you", "quSsL2odskQ-00709-00555456-00556008": "may want to simply watch amir doing this and then when you receive the video to repeat it", "quSsL2odskQ-00710-00556008-00556504": "and if you feel confident and you manage to follow until now and then you may want", "quSsL2odskQ-00711-00556504-00557384": "to attempt what amir has to show so i will stop here and switch over to amir thank you", "quSsL2odskQ-00712-00557496-00558128": "thank you surfing i hope uh you are not uh tired and", "quSsL2odskQ-00713-00558248-00559160": "uh actually what i and seraphim prepared for you for uh this uh workshop was uh honestly our", "quSsL2odskQ-00714-00559280-00559920": "main or most important uh or problematic basics or principles of qgi is that", "quSsL2odskQ-00715-00560168-00561296": "we believe that uh you will face in your uh projects so and uh i have a let's say a confession", "quSsL2odskQ-00716-00561296-00562120": "here to make that after over 15 years of working in uh special data analysis still sometimes i", "quSsL2odskQ-00717-00562120-00562912": "go back to these uh basic concepts to be sure that uh the project is going well uh surfing is", "quSsL2odskQ-00718-00562912-00563488": "the business here as we have the same problem sometimes in our meetings when we do the project", "quSsL2odskQ-00719-00563552-00564800": "one of these uh concepts uh or main import main or important uh principles that uh is important in", "quSsL2odskQ-00720-00564800-00565512": "the key in the gis in general and when you want to do special data analysis is to is to have a", "quSsL2odskQ-00721-00565568-00566536": "a good understanding of coordinate reference system crs so already you had uh some", "quSsL2odskQ-00722-00566744-00567464": "experience with coordinate system crs in the beginning of the workshop but uh", "quSsL2odskQ-00723-00567552-00568592": "what is actually a coordinate system so as as you know the plan or planet earth is not flat and is a", "quSsL2odskQ-00724-00568592-00569600": "more or less a sphere uh and uh to be more precise it's not a sphere it's more ellipsoid or asteroid", "quSsL2odskQ-00725-00569656-00570656": "so uh therefore the best approximation of the our of our planet earth surface is", "quSsL2odskQ-00726-00570656-00571296": "an asteroid or an ellipsoid amir sorry you're not sharing your screen that's your intention i", "quSsL2odskQ-00727-00571480-00572032": "thank you that you informed me on time exactly it was a time that i wanted to share thank you yes", "quSsL2odskQ-00728-00572168-00572784": "so let me share first", "quSsL2odskQ-00729-00574656-00574968": "okay i hope you can uh", "quSsL2odskQ-00730-00575440-00575584": "surfing can you please help me", "quSsL2odskQ-00731-00576712-00577512": "yes uh hello you we can okay okay it was paused for no reason now now i can be okay perfect so", "quSsL2odskQ-00732-00577696-00578272": "so as i mentioned so our planet earth is a sphere and coordinate reference system", "quSsL2odskQ-00733-00578336-00579256": "is a reference system that help us to locate to specify the place of each point for each place on", "quSsL2odskQ-00734-00579256-00580104": "this uh surface uh and it has three actually we use free numbers so-called coordinates", "quSsL2odskQ-00735-00580160-00581168": "uh for doing this but these coordinate reference systems shortly crs uh can be divided to two types", "quSsL2odskQ-00736-00581168-00581896": "some of these crss are projected coordinate reference systems and uh some of them are", "quSsL2odskQ-00737-00581896-00582416": "geographic coordinate reference systems what is let's let's first just take a look at the", "quSsL2odskQ-00738-00582416-00583364": "chord geography coordinate uh geographic coordinate system or shortly g cs [Music]", "quSsL2odskQ-00739-00583560-00584224": "in geography coordinate system we use two numbers actually in fact two degrees", "quSsL2odskQ-00740-00584224-00584944": "latitude and longitude i'm sure that if all of you are familiar with these kind of locating points", "quSsL2odskQ-00741-00584944-00585920": "for example we say that tehran's coordinate is 35 degree northward and 51 degree eastward", "quSsL2odskQ-00742-00585920-00586568": "so north part from the equator and east part from the prime meridian", "quSsL2odskQ-00743-00586568-00587248": "uh which passes through the both poles and then from the green beach in uk", "quSsL2odskQ-00744-00587392-00588352": "so as you see in the picture uh we have two degrees uh to locate each point so now that", "quSsL2odskQ-00745-00588352-00589352": "we know what is a coordinate reference system and why do we need them uh and we have a idea about", "quSsL2odskQ-00746-00589352-00590192": "geographic coordinate system which was somehow familiar for for all of us uh it's good to", "quSsL2odskQ-00747-00590192-00591032": "have an idea what is a projected coordinate system and why do we need them in a special data analysis", "quSsL2odskQ-00748-00591032-00591872": "so obviously when we want to do some analysis with data which are special in addition to the table", "quSsL2odskQ-00749-00591952-00592448": "attributes which is the case in the general data analysis we had", "quSsL2odskQ-00750-00592448-00593280": "the features of or the characteristics of the our data is that they have some uh they have some uh", "quSsL2odskQ-00751-00593512-00593808": "let's say special coordinates or they are", "quSsL2odskQ-00752-00593944-00594696": "a special reference so we need a coordinate system to locate them and do their special analysis", "quSsL2odskQ-00753-00594792-00595432": "but usually we should first map these coordinates from the sphere", "quSsL2odskQ-00754-00595568-00596360": "to the map or to a flat two-dimensional map this can not be traditionally a paper map or", "quSsL2odskQ-00755-00596568-00597272": "or our map in the software's in our desktop computers and so on for this purpose", "quSsL2odskQ-00756-00597272-00597952": "we have something so-called projection and projection for for having an idea of how a", "quSsL2odskQ-00757-00597952-00598896": "projection works i'm sure many of you already are familiar with this projection uh concept but", "quSsL2odskQ-00758-00598896-00599896": "uh it's it's it's worth just going through it once imagine that we have an imaginary uh source of", "quSsL2odskQ-00759-00599896-00600824": "light at the center of this planet earth or this spheroid then we have the planet earth totally", "quSsL2odskQ-00760-00600824-00601848": "transparent now the greeds of equator and power equators and longitudes parallel are depicted", "quSsL2odskQ-00761-00601912-00602592": "on the surface so and this is the family of projections we have three types", "quSsL2odskQ-00762-00602592-00603360": "cylindrial conical as you see a is cylindrical e is conical and c is so called planar or azimuthal", "quSsL2odskQ-00763-00603536-00604408": "uh and uh yeah actually as seraphim also mentioned at the beginning it's very difficult to have the", "quSsL2odskQ-00764-00604408-00605280": "lecture with no interaction with participants as also i have this uh i got i'm got used to", "quSsL2odskQ-00765-00605280-00606176": "uh having the interaction with the audience and i set my speed and change everything uh based on the", "quSsL2odskQ-00766-00606176-00606840": "feedback but now i have nothing but it's really difficult but i hope you are with me and if you", "quSsL2odskQ-00767-00606840-00607704": "have any question so uh i can explain more but i guess so far you're in the basics uh then and the", "quSsL2odskQ-00768-00607704-00608552": "most important one which i want you to to to focus on is the cylindrical which uh is more useful for", "quSsL2odskQ-00769-00608552-00609184": "uh distance uh measurements and analysis but others also are good for different purposes", "quSsL2odskQ-00770-00609320-00610200": "and uh so in fact we go from the three-dimensional uh let's say space to two-dimensional with this", "quSsL2odskQ-00771-00610200-00611328": "with this projection let's go forward and this is one type of or i can say the most famous uh", "quSsL2odskQ-00772-00611504-00612264": "projected coordinate system which is universal transverse mercator as a crs as a coordinate", "quSsL2odskQ-00773-00612264-00612888": "system but as a projected coordinate system it is the more common the most common uh", "quSsL2odskQ-00774-00612984-00613856": "project projected coordinate system around the world and the reason is that it is precise for", "quSsL2odskQ-00775-00613856-00614864": "each zones so one problem with utm as a as a kind of cylindrial uh sorry your slides are not", "quSsL2odskQ-00776-00614864-00615720": "moving maybe you're not on presentation mode is it uh is it now in the utm slide or not no no no", "quSsL2odskQ-00777-00615896-00616144": "which you may want to stop saying the screen and", "quSsL2odskQ-00778-00616144-00617584": "start again yeah maybe i'm now in the pdf and in the presentation mode okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00779-00617776-00617864": "what about now", "quSsL2odskQ-00780-00618264-00618432": "is still the same problem surfing", "quSsL2odskQ-00781-00618832-00619272": "sorry i don't think i can see your slides", "quSsL2odskQ-00782-00619512-00620648": "okay now everything should be okay it's working okay okay so now the slides are changing true", "quSsL2odskQ-00783-00620648-00621696": "yeah yeah i think everything oh most probably uh participants didn't see this page true yeah", "quSsL2odskQ-00784-00621696-00622464": "but they we heard you okay okay okay yeah of course so i just want to repeat that the utm", "quSsL2odskQ-00785-00622464-00623200": "is one of the cylindrical uh coordinate projected coordinate systems and uh so one problem with", "quSsL2odskQ-00786-00623200-00624064": "uh cylindrical uh coordinates projected coordinate system is that as we go further from the point", "quSsL2odskQ-00787-00624144-00625088": "that uh this this let's say paper touches the sphere uh we have the more distortion here", "quSsL2odskQ-00788-00625208-00625656": "the the paper touches the sphere at the equator", "quSsL2odskQ-00789-00625800-00626504": "but it can touch the sphere in any point so as a result the idea behind utm is that", "quSsL2odskQ-00790-00626560-00627472": "it's divided into 60 different equal zones each one is 60 degree then this is the reason as you", "quSsL2odskQ-00791-00627472-00628440": "see in the photos in left and right for the europe uh and for the these 60 degree narrow", "quSsL2odskQ-00792-00628608-00629584": "lines we can use different utms uh with the acceptable very good uh uh precision for uh", "quSsL2odskQ-00793-00629584-00630800": "measuring uh some diff let's say distances areas and so on and uh yeah and actually one thing is", "quSsL2odskQ-00794-00630800-00631736": "that as i mentioned in the geography coordinate system before projection we have but now we have", "quSsL2odskQ-00795-00631736-00632400": "met meters for our measurements and we need this and you will see in this in the exercise in some", "quSsL2odskQ-00796-00632400-00633624": "minutes that vivint is a meter for our uh pro for our statistical uh special analysis so and", "quSsL2odskQ-00797-00633624-00634448": "uh let's go to joe processing tools i don't come in more details about the buffer and so on because", "quSsL2odskQ-00798-00634448-00635176": "already surfing mentioned them and as we are uh we do not have enough time it will be a bit", "quSsL2odskQ-00799-00635176-00635888": "repeating and so what is your processing tools all those tools and uh process processes", "quSsL2odskQ-00800-00635888-00636824": "that let us into manipulate data for our own purposes for our own uh special data analysis", "quSsL2odskQ-00801-00636888-00637752": "uh goals and mainly they are based on the concept of overlay you see here that uh in", "quSsL2odskQ-00802-00637752-00638616": "in the in most of the geoprocessing tools we have two layers first layer is uh the imported layer", "quSsL2odskQ-00803-00638616-00639696": "and the second one is uh overlaid layer and in intersection the algorithm behind this in gis just", "quSsL2odskQ-00804-00639696-00640648": "considered and just keep the intersection those areas which are within the both polygons and just", "quSsL2odskQ-00805-00640776-00641576": "consider this as a new polygon and in union we have uh all the areas inside the both polygons", "quSsL2odskQ-00806-00641576-00642480": "or let's say the both layers in one new as a one new polygon and obviously it considers the", "quSsL2odskQ-00807-00642640-00643440": "repeated or the intersection only once and symmetrical difference is somehow obvious what is", "quSsL2odskQ-00808-00643440-00644040": "happening the intersection is eliminated and the difference what what what is important about the", "quSsL2odskQ-00809-00644040-00644952": "difference is that uh in in other type of overlay uh more or less it's not so important or if we are", "quSsL2odskQ-00810-00644952-00645824": "not sure of or we mistakenly select the input layer and over overlaying layer we will receive", "quSsL2odskQ-00811-00645824-00646656": "the same result but in difference you should care about the importing layer and overlaying layer", "quSsL2odskQ-00812-00646944-00647624": "so one thing one another thing which is important is that map overlay features", "quSsL2odskQ-00813-00647624-00648320": "have different types so we already know that uh in gis we have three different geometrical features", "quSsL2odskQ-00814-00648320-00649224": "points lines and polygons so for for overlaying uh the good thing is that we can overlay any of these", "quSsL2odskQ-00815-00649296-00650240": "uh interchangeably like point with points even line polygon and uh polygon with line and so", "quSsL2odskQ-00816-00650240-00650936": "on so on and also we can count for example uh points inside a polygon you know it is something", "quSsL2odskQ-00817-00650992-00651632": "one is the further after doing the intersection after calculating what is within", "quSsL2odskQ-00818-00651688-00652464": "uh the polygon and what is outside the polygon with respect to the topology in the in the logic", "quSsL2odskQ-00819-00652464-00653096": "behind the gis it starts it starts counting the number of points inside the polygon", "quSsL2odskQ-00820-00653224-00654240": "so i try to go a bit faster i do not go in detail about the buffer uh only thing", "quSsL2odskQ-00821-00654240-00654912": "maybe to add is that the logic behind the buffer for the software and for the affordable goalie", "quSsL2odskQ-00822-00654912-00655880": "algorithm behind this buffer is to divide the whole map with two in two groups in two classes", "quSsL2odskQ-00823-00655952-00656952": "those regions outside the polygon of this buffer seraphim has already uh mentioned that buffer", "quSsL2odskQ-00824-00656952-00657640": "is a polygon if we buffer around the points or multi uh multi multi line or", "quSsL2odskQ-00825-00657640-00658360": "sorry poly polyline or polygons no difference we will have some areas some polygons so", "quSsL2odskQ-00826-00658456-00659176": "it will uh separate which areas are inside this polygon and which areas are outside the polygon", "quSsL2odskQ-00827-00659392-00660200": "one other thing uh which i believe uh seraphim also mentioned is that these buffers can be", "quSsL2odskQ-00828-00660200-00661336": "remained intact or uh or be uh dissolved in the left you can see the dissolved buffers and", "quSsL2odskQ-00829-00661336-00662040": "here the buffers are in the right buffers are remained intact so why do we need this you know", "quSsL2odskQ-00830-00662040-00662944": "sometimes we care about the intersection areas for example we want to know or we want to treat these", "quSsL2odskQ-00831-00662944-00663784": "intersected areas differently for for example we may need to see what residential areas in a city", "quSsL2odskQ-00832-00663920-00664776": "have services or can receive or can be served services from two different at least i mean", "quSsL2odskQ-00833-00664776-00665616": "more than at least two or let's say more than one service uh center then we should", "quSsL2odskQ-00834-00665616-00666504": "let them be otherwise or in the case that we only care about let's say uh safety buffer", "quSsL2odskQ-00835-00666504-00667256": "about around the residential areas we want to know that which is the buffer that outside this buffer", "quSsL2odskQ-00836-00667256-00667984": "we are allowed to do some construction let's say then we we can use this dissolved areas", "quSsL2odskQ-00837-00668136-00668864": "and these are other examples of uh the importance of buffer and why i selected", "quSsL2odskQ-00838-00668864-00669832": "a buffer for you for the exercise that in some minutes you will start uh so for protected zones", "quSsL2odskQ-00839-00669832-00670568": "safety buffers like here around the buildings or for catchment areas seraphim already mentioned", "quSsL2odskQ-00840-00670568-00671560": "these so uh i try to hopefully if zom does not crash i will uh stop sharing", "quSsL2odskQ-00841-00671832-00672184": "and", "quSsL2odskQ-00842-00672376-00673004": "so now you should be able to see me again yes and now i'm trying to [Music]", "quSsL2odskQ-00843-00673464-00673640": "open a qgis", "quSsL2odskQ-00844-00673864-00674168": "and i have shared with everyone a link to your", "quSsL2odskQ-00845-00674168-00674984": "presentation so that they can follow the exercise they wish", "quSsL2odskQ-00846-00675144-00675208": "so", "quSsL2odskQ-00847-00675640-00676664": "i guess now we should be able to see uh one qgis project yes we see the airplane planes okay yeah", "quSsL2odskQ-00848-00676760-00677144": "but uh we should delete them as we do not need them", "quSsL2odskQ-00849-00677368-00677928": "why save no no okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00850-00678296-00678464": "discard so", "quSsL2odskQ-00851-00678744-00680584": "you should start let me also have my presentation to do not miss anything here", "quSsL2odskQ-00852-00681136-00682008": "okay so please open your qgis again from the beginning i do not want you to have the previous", "quSsL2odskQ-00853-00682008-00683280": "uh project open as it may uh occur some problem for us then as is in the presentation please uh", "quSsL2odskQ-00854-00683280-00684064": "create a new project which is already now i'm created which is created in my project", "quSsL2odskQ-00855-00684392-00684464": "then add", "quSsL2odskQ-00856-00684728-00685696": "almost the same shape files as we had in the the first part of the workshop", "quSsL2odskQ-00857-00686168-00686452": "i guess this is the polygon [Music]", "quSsL2odskQ-00858-00686944-00687152": "as soon as you add the first", "quSsL2odskQ-00859-00687528-00688752": "layer the project will be automatically set to the crs of that layer so now because", "quSsL2odskQ-00860-00688848-00689440": "this polygon has the uh maybe you you see this ep gs here", "quSsL2odskQ-00861-00689672-00690696": "uh as we have uh as our layer had this projection or crs let's say coordinate system we have now uh", "quSsL2odskQ-00862-00690696-00691392": "the projection the whole project in the same uh crs do not close", "quSsL2odskQ-00863-00691392-00692460": "uh the data source manager and continue adding now you can add the airport shape file [Music]", "quSsL2odskQ-00864-00692872-00693616": "so you know the shape file this oh i will let you know later now i cannot show you this", "quSsL2odskQ-00865-00693672-00694008": "and what's else we also need the centroids", "quSsL2odskQ-00866-00694328-00694632": "there should be this", "quSsL2odskQ-00867-00695080-00695984": "no", "quSsL2odskQ-00868-00696104-00697160": "okay select close i actually do not need these boundaries just to make the view a little bit", "quSsL2odskQ-00869-00697304-00698256": "cleaner i remove it so uh the thing is that first of all make sure that the order of layers", "quSsL2odskQ-00870-00698368-00698976": "is in the way that polygons are below and then lines and then points otherwise", "quSsL2odskQ-00871-00698976-00699368": "it will overlap each other and you will not be able to see", "quSsL2odskQ-00872-00699520-00700320": "layers correctly so here if you hover the most on each of the layer you can get some", "quSsL2odskQ-00873-00700320-00701632": "information about the layer the crs here is 1335 as you did set for the first exercise but here", "quSsL2odskQ-00874-00701728-00702512": "this is not 30 35 you see it has a different projection but still the projection that the crs", "quSsL2odskQ-00875-00702512-00703592": "of the project is 30 35 because it gets the the first layers crs i'm trying to go", "quSsL2odskQ-00876-00703664-00704768": "as fast as i can for you to be with me so what should i do next now i need to change", "quSsL2odskQ-00877-00705008-00706064": "to change the crs but i need to save and make a copy of this shape file this time", "quSsL2odskQ-00878-00706128-00707184": "with the correct crs with the needed crs so where is it the crs here 3035", "quSsL2odskQ-00879-00707400-00708328": "and uh please click the add saved file to the map in order to open it for you save it in the same", "quSsL2odskQ-00880-00708592-00708784": "location as your project", "quSsL2odskQ-00881-00709368-00710048": "actually i do not need the old one so i just put it here and", "quSsL2odskQ-00882-00710112-00711384": "to recognize the new shape file which you see has the has the 30 35 crs", "quSsL2odskQ-00883-00711976-00713120": "so now i have the new shapefile with the preferred crs one quiz is that uh why should we do that", "quSsL2odskQ-00884-00713296-00713680": "actually i prefer you to write some answers actually", "quSsL2odskQ-00885-00713848-00714768": "uh although i cannot see them very much but so i will give you the answer in some seconds", "quSsL2odskQ-00886-00714928-00715792": "just because just a second i i just wanted to clarify one thing because um the point data can", "quSsL2odskQ-00887-00715792-00716520": "you can you point to the nuts point data switch all the others off so that people can see yes", "quSsL2odskQ-00888-00716600-00717528": "yes thank you so this data set and it seems that we did not ask people to download it explicitly", "quSsL2odskQ-00889-00717528-00718160": "so i have placed it in the chat there is a link there you can download the data directly", "quSsL2odskQ-00890-00718160-00719016": "it's the same data set like from the nuts website and it's the regions that you have but without the", "quSsL2odskQ-00891-00719016-00719672": "boundaries only the points the centroids and then amir i wasn't sure what a question you", "quSsL2odskQ-00892-00719672-00720112": "asked you may want to repeat the question so that people can understand what you were asking sure", "quSsL2odskQ-00893-00720512-00721184": "so the question was uh why as we have in this slide they can also uh", "quSsL2odskQ-00894-00721240-00721880": "you can also read the quiz inside this slide we are in the c3 uh why", "quSsL2odskQ-00895-00721880-00722584": "should we save the shape file this new copy of the shapefile in the epsg 3035", "quSsL2odskQ-00896-00723488-00723568": "so actually", "quSsL2odskQ-00897-00723920-00724952": "we should do this as let us show you something now the next step is that i want to do a buffer", "quSsL2odskQ-00898-00724952-00725936": "around let me show the airport these are airports and i want to do some to create some uh", "quSsL2odskQ-00899-00726032-00726944": "buffers inside the vector menu geoprocessing tool that i already introduced to you and i i mentioned", "quSsL2odskQ-00900-00726944-00727944": "the idea before behind them and then buffer then i want to create a buffer around each of these", "quSsL2odskQ-00901-00727944-00728712": "airports with let's say 10 kilometer but unfortunately the software does not let me", "quSsL2odskQ-00902-00728712-00729968": "to change it to kilometer what is the problem in fact it is saved in the crs in a in a kind of crs", "quSsL2odskQ-00903-00729968-00730968": "which is still using which still uses the degree as i mentioned not the not the meter for the", "quSsL2odskQ-00904-00730968-00731920": "for locate location for locating uh the points on the planet this was the reason that we changed it", "quSsL2odskQ-00905-00731920-00732584": "to a projected coordinate system which uses meter you can go also to the property", "quSsL2odskQ-00906-00732824-00733192": "and go to the source and", "quSsL2odskQ-00907-00733560-00734296": "so sorry to the information and here you should find more information usually about the", "quSsL2odskQ-00908-00734472-00734720": "about the crs that you selected", "quSsL2odskQ-00909-00735016-00735520": "you can read about crs watch what kind of coordinate system", "quSsL2odskQ-00910-00735520-00736176": "uh you have selected and uh you there is accuracy uh information for you", "quSsL2odskQ-00911-00736176-00737032": "at best one tenth of meters so you see them the units is in meter not in degree", "quSsL2odskQ-00912-00737264-00737672": "but if you go back to the original shape file", "quSsL2odskQ-00913-00737880-00738632": "you will see the units is in it is a geography coordinate system and method is latitude and", "quSsL2odskQ-00914-00738632-00739384": "language you in degree so now that i have the shapefile in a correct crs", "quSsL2odskQ-00915-00739512-00740392": "i would like to change the symbology in order to have a better uh and clear map", "quSsL2odskQ-00916-00740392-00741120": "but for you if you do not have the topo airport here you should open the let me do it again", "quSsL2odskQ-00917-00741208-00742496": "you should click on the layer then properties then sim select symbology and here select the topology", "quSsL2odskQ-00918-00742704-00743920": "you can also select all symbols but topology will show you uh the only topology class symbols", "quSsL2odskQ-00919-00744080-00745136": "then you can simply select [Music] symbol and apply okay so you see now again the the", "quSsL2odskQ-00920-00745136-00746040": "airplanes are back in our map so to be honest i don't like the color of the nuts regions", "quSsL2odskQ-00921-00746192-00746976": "to have a more clear map i also click on the layer property i go to symbology and i change the", "quSsL2odskQ-00922-00746976-00748376": "color here so maybe something a bit lighter is a good background for our purpose so", "quSsL2odskQ-00923-00748584-00749352": "now you see airports inside lands also if you like you can go to properties", "quSsL2odskQ-00924-00749448-00750520": "and add label if you are curious to know where are you on the map and named latin should", "quSsL2odskQ-00925-00750520-00751280": "show you the area's name and but this 10 is a big size for your map just maybe", "quSsL2odskQ-00926-00751280-00752080": "go to five if you couldn't do that or if you uh do not do not like to have the labels", "quSsL2odskQ-00927-00752080-00752776": "please skip this i don't want to add to the complexity uh of the exercise for you", "quSsL2odskQ-00928-00752976-00753752": "i guess yes and now i have also some information but very very small but you can still read it", "quSsL2odskQ-00929-00753896-00754536": "so what is the next the next step already is we already did the c4", "quSsL2odskQ-00930-00754600-00755632": "we are in the c5 step now we open the attribute table of the airport uh layer", "quSsL2odskQ-00931-00755896-00756232": "from the", "quSsL2odskQ-00932-00756232-00757584": "attribute table please go to the icon this icon which is select features using an expression", "quSsL2odskQ-00933-00757856-00758304": "if there is any question i'm ready to answer seraphim otherwise i will continue", "quSsL2odskQ-00934-00758304-00759080": "i assume that everyone or at least 99 percent are with us yes it seems that there are no questions", "quSsL2odskQ-00935-00759080-00759824": "please continue there is a break coming up soon anyway for okay yeah uh how much time i", "quSsL2odskQ-00936-00759824-00760552": "have to finish the exercise sir based on our you have 15 minutes 15 minutes it's okay yeah okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00937-00760776-00761240": "so then here we need to write an expression please", "quSsL2odskQ-00938-00761600-00762224": "keep your notice here because i want to speed up", "quSsL2odskQ-00939-00762376-00763528": "now again find the fields and values it is the columns in the table and go to the error pass", "quSsL2odskQ-00940-00763616-00764192": "where is it here and you see that the type is also number air pass", "quSsL2odskQ-00941-00764352-00764904": "if you double click on it it will be written here then click on the equal to", "quSsL2odskQ-00942-00764992-00765688": "now i need to know what i have in this column so i click on the all unique values", "quSsL2odskQ-00943-00765808-00766408": "in this column in the table i hope you can see this here yes you see air", "quSsL2odskQ-00944-00766472-00767360": "p pass has nine zero one and two only these uh numbers and not else anything else so one and", "quSsL2odskQ-00945-00767360-00768296": "two are active uh airports that we need for our uh selection we want to select these airports", "quSsL2odskQ-00946-00768448-00769200": "so i selected that please select all the airports with air pass equal to one or", "quSsL2odskQ-00947-00769440-00770448": "okay press equal to two so we are done with the expression you can see the preview if the preview", "quSsL2odskQ-00948-00770448-00771248": "is not null or error or something your expression at least has a meaning there is no guarantee that", "quSsL2odskQ-00949-00771248-00772048": "the expression that you have written is what you want but at least it makes sense sin its syntax", "quSsL2odskQ-00950-00772048-00772768": "is okay then select feature then you see in the background that i close this you can you see that", "quSsL2odskQ-00951-00772848-00773536": "uh some rows are some entities some airports are selected also in the map", "quSsL2odskQ-00952-00773536-00774384": "you see them as yellow and also you can check here selected are selected features of 320", "quSsL2odskQ-00953-00774608-00775408": "if you want to see them all on the top you can press this icon here now i have all the", "quSsL2odskQ-00954-00775408-00776328": "selections on the top so i'm done with the selection now let me zoom to the selection", "quSsL2odskQ-00955-00776408-00777088": "you see for in the all in the whole layer all uh airports with that specific features", "quSsL2odskQ-00956-00777088-00777792": "are selected now i want to do some special analysis only around", "quSsL2odskQ-00957-00777792-00778696": "and about these airports i'll go to vector menu and processing toolbar tool tools and then buffer", "quSsL2odskQ-00958-00778872-00779544": "as you see we have meter i change this to kilometer because meter is too small and", "quSsL2odskQ-00959-00779544-00780296": "do not forget that tick this box otherwise it will be down for the whole airports", "quSsL2odskQ-00960-00780560-00781568": "10 kilometer is not enough for me 50 kilometer does make sense i would suggest to increase the", "quSsL2odskQ-00961-00781568-00782544": "segments to 10 to have a more a smooth circle or a buffer around your features but you can", "quSsL2odskQ-00962-00782544-00783608": "set it to 25 or even more but five sometimes for 50 kilometer gives you uh an unclean uh circle", "quSsL2odskQ-00963-00783736-00784432": "then others are not relevant for our purpose if you had time i will come back but i don't think so", "quSsL2odskQ-00964-00784432-00785096": "and i will explain what are these others and if you do not want to have a temporary file", "quSsL2odskQ-00965-00785168-00785584": "and you need this file later just save the file in your location", "quSsL2odskQ-00966-00785792-00786112": "so we mentioned that please name this error", "quSsL2odskQ-00967-00786744-00787720": "sorry i guess the name is so serving we are already in the second part of the exercise", "quSsL2odskQ-00968-00787720-00788080": "i'm happy okay yes you're doing well you may want to um", "quSsL2odskQ-00969-00788192-00789032": "when you select when you enter the file name just remind people the kilometers that you entered yeah", "quSsL2odskQ-00970-00789256-00789920": "you mean here yes i didn't add the kilometer to the name just not to have a very old", "quSsL2odskQ-00971-00789920-00790616": "name but we know that 50 kilometer is the reason that we call this shape file so air", "quSsL2odskQ-00972-00790616-00791560": "buffer 50 kilometer is the name we selected yes yes yes because this distance has all these zeros", "quSsL2odskQ-00973-00791560-00792584": "so and it switched back to meters you see aha okay how did it happen i don't know okay", "quSsL2odskQ-00974-00792640-00793440": "uh then okay we are ready i guess nothing else has changed i guess we can press the run", "quSsL2odskQ-00975-00793656-00794600": "so it was very fast if you would uh select 10 like 15 it would be a bit longer uh okay now we have a", "quSsL2odskQ-00976-00794600-00795712": "new shapefile i do not need these airports anymore at least for now i put them there and now i want", "quSsL2odskQ-00977-00795712-00796608": "to know uh more about these airports i want to know that uh which of these airports are serving", "quSsL2odskQ-00978-00796664-00797528": "multiple not nuts regions and what are uh which of these airports only serve one or two knots", "quSsL2odskQ-00979-00797752-00798472": "so uh do you have any idea how we can do this based on", "quSsL2odskQ-00980-00798472-00798976": "uh today's lecture i would like you to participate in this part", "quSsL2odskQ-00981-00799224-00799960": "as i said i do not have any face i cannot interact with you with the voice and your faces so", "quSsL2odskQ-00982-00799960-00800624": "it is really difficult believe me but there is a quick question and someone is asking", "quSsL2odskQ-00983-00800624-00801488": "for example how would they know what to choose one and two etc and because it would be nice", "quSsL2odskQ-00984-00801488-00802048": "to see the attribute table of the airports end of the buffers to see what is in there", "quSsL2odskQ-00985-00802336-00803288": "right so yes so this is a data set that we downloaded it was available online and it came", "quSsL2odskQ-00986-00803288-00803960": "with a file a pdf in there that is called metadata you can have a look at the metadata file that came", "quSsL2odskQ-00987-00803960-00804656": "together we don't need to do it now i mean and and in there these columns these fields are explained", "quSsL2odskQ-00988-00804760-00805512": "and we identified that what we think are active airports is categories one and two", "quSsL2odskQ-00989-00805512-00805840": "it is not it is a dated file it's not very clear", "quSsL2odskQ-00990-00805840-00806584": "but from inspecting the map we figured out that it's probably the right the right kind of airports", "quSsL2odskQ-00991-00806800-00807528": "yes thank you yes actually this was uh something that uh we also discussed with surfing yes", "quSsL2odskQ-00992-00807528-00808192": "and you are right and thank you surfing for the explanation so now you see we have the buffer", "quSsL2odskQ-00993-00808192-00808888": "and the buffer it is good to mention that dot buffer has the same attribute table as the main", "quSsL2odskQ-00994-00808888-00809688": "uh uh layer the only difference is that this was a point layer and now we have a", "quSsL2odskQ-00995-00809688-00810400": "polygon layer which is the buffer around each uh airport and still i have the same question", "quSsL2odskQ-00996-00810488-00811184": "can you tell me how we can we can see also keep in mind that we have the nuts centroids", "quSsL2odskQ-00997-00811240-00811928": "which are the points which are geometrically center of each nuts area", "quSsL2odskQ-00998-00812016-00812968": "it makes our analysis much easier you see let's go in one of them maybe it makes sense yeah you see", "quSsL2odskQ-00999-00812968-00813904": "in the center of each nuts area we have a centroid so the way that we can do this is going to vector", "quSsL2odskQ-01000-00814136-00814592": "obviously because we are today working with vectors not rasters which are", "quSsL2odskQ-01001-00814648-00815064": "photos and pixels then we go to analysis tools", "quSsL2odskQ-01002-00815436-00816384": "[Music] count points in polygon is the analysis that we need", "quSsL2odskQ-01003-00816496-00817344": "let me check if okay before going there i it's okay we can continue uh so", "quSsL2odskQ-01004-00817560-00818592": "then we need to count numbers of centroids number of points inside each buffer what we should select", "quSsL2odskQ-01005-00818592-00819400": "first i should select the polygon and then the line which includes the centroids this is the", "quSsL2odskQ-01006-00819400-00820495": "centroids and i didn't select anything so i cannot click this box here so and i can change the name", "quSsL2odskQ-01007-00820495-00821328": "of the new created field which will be only the number of points uh here to in to a name that", "quSsL2odskQ-01008-00821328-00822151": "makes more sense more sense for my project but for some reason i let it be so as it is", "quSsL2odskQ-01009-00822216-00823512": "then i save this in the same way and what is the proposed name heir underline count underline nuts", "quSsL2odskQ-01010-00823968-00825016": "and that's it it will automatically be saved as shapefile and we can press run", "quSsL2odskQ-01011-00825639-00825663": "so", "quSsL2odskQ-01012-00825920-00826728": "i have i know i make other layers disappear just uh to show what we have what we created", "quSsL2odskQ-01013-00826784-00827584": "we had this airbuffer 50 and now we created a new layer and we saved it it's not a temporary file", "quSsL2odskQ-01014-00827824-00828584": "and the attribute table is exactly the same as the buffer shapefile with one extra column", "quSsL2odskQ-01015-00828584-00829304": "which is the num num points for the number of points inside each area each buffer", "quSsL2odskQ-01016-00829487-00829792": "uh maybe i'm not satisfied with the naming", "quSsL2odskQ-01017-00830031-00830424": "what we can do in the next slide in the c11", "quSsL2odskQ-01018-00830624-00830751": "or no actually", "quSsL2odskQ-01019-00831008-00832224": "c10 in the ctain i'm i described this you can go to properties and to the fields click to the", "quSsL2odskQ-01020-00832224-00832792": "air and toggle the editing mode otherwise you cannot edit the shape file and attribute table", "quSsL2odskQ-01021-00832792-00833720": "you should let the software to do this then you can change the name to num underline", "quSsL2odskQ-01022-00833952-00834368": "nuts number of nuts maybe apply", "quSsL2odskQ-01023-00834576-00835071": "again please toggle the editing mode otherwise it will not be saved", "quSsL2odskQ-01024-00835135-00836175": "and apply and okay now open the attribute table you will see that the name is already changed", "quSsL2odskQ-01025-00836392-00837384": "i only have i guess something around five minutes and what we should do next is c11 symbology", "quSsL2odskQ-01026-00837720-00838816": "so now i have the areas that i zoom in the whole map somehow here is the whole map and uh", "quSsL2odskQ-01027-00838816-00840095": "i have these uh airports but this time with uh some [Music] for new information we know", "quSsL2odskQ-01028-00840095-00841048": "that which airport serves to how many how how how many nuts not regions i go to properties", "quSsL2odskQ-01029-00841256-00842208": "then symbology i select graduated uh there is a question here i want you to think", "quSsL2odskQ-01030-00842208-00843095": "while i'm doing it and after that i will answer why not categorize and why graduated which one is", "quSsL2odskQ-01031-00843095-00843864": "correct and why we should select this and then select the value of number nuts number of nuts", "quSsL2odskQ-01032-00843992-00844887": "i prefer to add the number of classes to six and as soon as you do this it will be automatically", "quSsL2odskQ-01033-00844887-00845631": "classified otherwise you should press the classify i press it it's free and i can press it", "quSsL2odskQ-01034-00845712-00846751": "but i do not like the equal cont for some reasons i like natural bricks natural bricks gives me", "quSsL2odskQ-01035-00846864-00847768": "more realistic or not realistic more a more appropriate uh breaks to the purpose of my project", "quSsL2odskQ-01036-00847864-00848624": "you can see the differences equal count zero to one [Music] airports which", "quSsL2odskQ-01037-00848624-00849576": "uh can serve one or zero or one area and at last we have seven to thirty eight", "quSsL2odskQ-01038-00849768-00850592": "it's not so much information for me but natural breaks gives me a more useful categorization", "quSsL2odskQ-01039-00850800-00851687": "then i would say as it's already red and i like it to be read okay good now it's okay", "quSsL2odskQ-01040-00851800-00852439": "apply you see we have the final map in the c2f", "quSsL2odskQ-01041-00852504-00853176": "in the c12 you can see the result result of your spatial data analysis you already analyzed", "quSsL2odskQ-01042-00853384-00853824": "uh this data especially and", "quSsL2odskQ-01043-00854039-00854751": "i want you to be sure that what you learned during these three different exercises in this workshop", "quSsL2odskQ-01044-00854839-00855759": "uh to to from our uh perspective right from our perspective was the most important", "quSsL2odskQ-01045-00855847-00856751": "information that i believe that you need to know to be confident in starting special data analysis", "quSsL2odskQ-01046-00856752-00857504": "in qgis of course there are more information and principles but uh if you can do this for", "quSsL2odskQ-01047-00857504-00858312": "your own and you you do some other special data analysis by your own um please be confident that", "quSsL2odskQ-01048-00858312-00858984": "you are doing good and you can you can do some projects for your purposes for educational or or", "quSsL2odskQ-01049-00859039-00859743": "uh for job purposes uh i am already done but i would like i have some minutes", "quSsL2odskQ-01050-00859839-00860639": "please don't forget to save oh yes that's that's the most principle guys forget", "quSsL2odskQ-01051-00860639-00861287": "everything and just remember that please save and now i save it as", "quSsL2odskQ-01052-00861568-00861664": "project off", "quSsL2odskQ-01053-00862104-00862720": "so now is the time that you answer me why can't i do if i graduate graduated", "quSsL2odskQ-01054-00862920-00863767": "as you will not answer me in voice i will answer it so if we go to properties i have maybe one", "quSsL2odskQ-01055-00863768-00864720": "or two minutes i will use it uh if i select categorized let's see what will happen nothing", "quSsL2odskQ-01056-00864776-00865552": "yeah you see i have too many colors how i can recognize them and maybe i'm i do not care about", "quSsL2odskQ-01057-00865552-00866192": "the default for my purpose there is no difference between an airport which serves 10 units", "quSsL2odskQ-01058-00866247-00867351": "nuts and 13 knots you know i'm just uh more curious to know how approximately they are", "quSsL2odskQ-01059-00867352-00867944": "serving different knots so this was one uh one reason and actually i wanted to you to know that", "quSsL2odskQ-01060-00868047-00868855": "theoretically categorization was the best uh thing to choose but you should you should decide based", "quSsL2odskQ-01061-00868856-00869600": "on your project's purpose this was one thing and what other other thing that which is i asked here", "quSsL2odskQ-01062-00869600-00870279": "as a quiz i guess why can not to be set the symbology to toppo airport again i i would", "quSsL2odskQ-01063-00870279-00871216": "like to change these circles like airplane again why i cannot change it you know i go to symbology", "quSsL2odskQ-01064-00871343-00872024": "can someone please type in the chat and have a good prize for the one who can answer me", "quSsL2odskQ-01065-00872192-00873295": "um i cannot find it why so as we do not have time seraphim do we have any wiener", "quSsL2odskQ-01066-00873512-00874008": "no we don't have but people can think about it a little bit i wanted to show since we have", "quSsL2odskQ-01067-00874008-00874487": "two more minutes i'm here thank you for this that was fascinating and it worked really well", "quSsL2odskQ-01068-00874487-00875400": "it didn't crash on you like you did for me i wanted to show and ah we do have an answer and", "quSsL2odskQ-01069-00875400-00875984": "because they are not points but because i'm not allowed to tell names to say names because it's", "quSsL2odskQ-01070-00875984-00876656": "recorded then i will not say who wins they are polygons and airplanes are the symbols for points", "quSsL2odskQ-01071-00876656-00877344": "so it's a point symbol and what we are mapping the buffers are polygons but i wanted to show um", "quSsL2odskQ-01072-00877408-00878616": "in two minutes not necessarily how to do it um but one more little thing so what amir did was to take", "quSsL2odskQ-01073-00878824-00879551": "um the buffers of the airports so each one of these circles is a buffer for the airport and", "quSsL2odskQ-01074-00879552-00880479": "overlay them on top of the nuts areas but the points of the nuts areas and and then calculate", "quSsL2odskQ-01075-00880479-00881128": "simply how many of these nuts areas fall under each buffer so it's a very simple what we call", "quSsL2odskQ-01076-00881128-00881695": "point in polygon analysis but if you want to do something a little bit more sophisticated", "quSsL2odskQ-01077-00881808-00882616": "you may want to ask what how much of every nuts area right underneath you", "quSsL2odskQ-01078-00882616-00883192": "can see the nuts areas how much of every nuts area is covered by these buffers", "quSsL2odskQ-01079-00883312-00883968": "which is now a slightly more complex analysis and i will show you very quickly in one minute how to", "quSsL2odskQ-01080-00883968-00884656": "do it okay let's go to the simple field here you can also see that you can have a transparent fill", "quSsL2odskQ-01081-00884768-00885400": "with a solid outline and you can change the stroke to red for example and change it", "quSsL2odskQ-01082-00885608-00886224": "to something else so you can see how the different buffers overlay so if we want to know how much of", "quSsL2odskQ-01083-00886224-00886792": "this area of this area falls in each buffer then the analysis you want to do is vector", "quSsL2odskQ-01084-00887000-00887576": "geoprocessing and you clip this is also called cookie cutting", "quSsL2odskQ-01085-00887679-00888312": "so you want to cookie cut the two layers and the question is always which one is your", "quSsL2odskQ-01086-00888312-00888776": "cookie cutter this is always very confusing for people i always have to try it at least", "quSsL2odskQ-01087-00888776-00889471": "twice before i get it right if you get it right then and you use the buffers for the airports", "quSsL2odskQ-01088-00889535-00890335": "and um actually i'm never sure we will try and see what happens um we will use", "quSsL2odskQ-01089-00890335-00891367": "the input layer is the three areas and the cookie cutter is then the buffer for the airports okay", "quSsL2odskQ-01090-00891576-00892295": "i will open out after running the algorithm okay everything else is correct and run", "quSsL2odskQ-01091-00892439-00892912": "let's see what happens this takes a lot of time so", "quSsL2odskQ-01092-00892976-00893624": "i am concerned that maybe i'm using the wrong data set a little bit and we will see the result", "quSsL2odskQ-01093-00894304-00894968": "okay it works so you can see now why it's called cookie cutting if you switch off all the other", "quSsL2odskQ-01094-00894968-00895687": "layers there you go your cookies and underneath you see the areas that these airports save so", "quSsL2odskQ-01095-00895792-00896456": "the other thing i think i did as i was clipping i dissolved the boundaries of the airports", "quSsL2odskQ-01096-00896592-00897368": "you can see they were overlapping and now they are not if i go here and select one of the circles", "quSsL2odskQ-01097-00897368-00898512": "for example okay this worked this worked so they are independent there and then it tells you also", "quSsL2odskQ-01098-00898512-00899359": "which buffer they fall in so this is another way of doing this analysis i tried it as well here", "quSsL2odskQ-01099-00899616-00900416": "there you go without dissolving the areas and you can see how the different areas overlap so", "quSsL2odskQ-01100-00900416-00900968": "in this case if we select one of these circles we know which areas underneath and what percentage", "quSsL2odskQ-01101-00900968-00901856": "of the area falls in okay i will stop sharing my screen here and this was just a one step further", "quSsL2odskQ-01102-00901856-00902584": "basically from um a pointing polygon to an overlay with polygons with a clipping which is also called", "quSsL2odskQ-01103-00902584-00903312": "cookie cutting and as amir showed earlier and as you saw under the vector operations there are many", "quSsL2odskQ-01104-00903312-00904055": "different ways to do this it's also in the slides some notification and you need to think beforehand", "quSsL2odskQ-01105-00904056-00904584": "very carefully what sort of analysis do you want to do when you do this kind of special analysis", "quSsL2odskQ-01106-00904735-00905328": "and also i would like to stress that the important thing here is to have your data", "quSsL2odskQ-01107-00905328-00905824": "cleaned up to a certain point you saw how many problems we've had with downloading the", "quSsL2odskQ-01108-00905824-00906495": "dance data taking it at face value and then thinking oh there are all these data overlay", "quSsL2odskQ-01109-00906495-00906984": "have to separate it we have to clean it and downloading the airport data and realizing that", "quSsL2odskQ-01110-00907079-00907568": "these are too many airports they include every single airport including military airports we", "quSsL2odskQ-01111-00907568-00908232": "need to separate the airports we're interested in to do the analysis so a lot of time when we do gis", "quSsL2odskQ-01112-00908231-00908824": "and special analysis is actually spent in cleaning the data and making sure that data we are entering", "quSsL2odskQ-01113-00908824-00909639": "into our analysis is the correct data set and then the operations if it doesn't crash only take a few", "quSsL2odskQ-01114-00909639-00910400": "minutes but the cleaning up of the data takes much much longer and what we wanted to achieve", "quSsL2odskQ-01115-00910400-00911295": "today was first of all to help you download set up your environment and run it with some confidence", "quSsL2odskQ-01116-00911295-00912008": "explain a little bit around this um geographical coordinates and the different systems and then all", "quSsL2odskQ-01117-00912008-00912687": "the data we provided is widely available we have provided the links so that we can download it we", "quSsL2odskQ-01118-00912687-00913568": "wanted to stress that behind a gis what you have in terms of data is tables and basically these are", "quSsL2odskQ-01119-00913568-00914392": "all one form or another of table operations even the sophisticated overlays are actually operating", "quSsL2odskQ-01120-00914392-00914928": "underneath at the coordinate system the algorithms are reading various tables that you may not have", "quSsL2odskQ-01121-00914928-00915575": "access to remember you couldn't see the area you had to recalculate it it is stored somewhere in", "quSsL2odskQ-01122-00915576-00916560": "one of these files and then we wanted to show you as well how some of these buzzwords like buffering", "quSsL2odskQ-01123-00916560-00917279": "or overlaying or pointing polygon analysis how can they be performed and what do they actually what", "quSsL2odskQ-01124-00917279-00917992": "is the outcome of this what we didn't show you is how to create a professional map this is all maps", "quSsL2odskQ-01125-00917992-00918720": "and on the fly created you can save your project but if you want to create a professional mod for", "quSsL2odskQ-01126-00918720-00919479": "publications etc you need to follow the slide i have there where you click create a layout and", "quSsL2odskQ-01127-00919600-00920152": "and then we also show you how to export some of this data csv files if you want to take them into", "quSsL2odskQ-01128-00920152-00921064": "another software we still have about 10 minutes left i don't see any questions either on the chat", "quSsL2odskQ-01129-00921064-00922079": "or on the q a if you have any please post them and i am uh very very happy to say that we still", "quSsL2odskQ-01130-00922079-00922887": "have 49 participants okay three of us are here so 46 persevered with us thank you very much", "quSsL2odskQ-01131-00922968-00923600": "we do realize that these are not very easy tasks if someone has not used", "quSsL2odskQ-01132-00923664-00924200": "gis before and if you're using it for the first time and you manage to complete the exercises", "quSsL2odskQ-01133-00924200-00924984": "well done if not the material will be posted to you and and then your data will be deleted", "quSsL2odskQ-01134-00924984-00925640": "you will not retain your data unless you requested to join the newsletter so stay assured", "quSsL2odskQ-01135-00925639-00926183": "that we will not use your data for commercial purposes or anything we just want to communicate", "quSsL2odskQ-01136-00926264-00927112": "with um with you the the training material there is a question there because we insisted on all", "quSsL2odskQ-01137-00927112-00927839": "these crs 3035 etc you need to do a little bit of reading around this this was european level data", "quSsL2odskQ-01138-00927839-00928471": "the 3035 crs is a good one because when you cover the whole of europe if you focus", "quSsL2odskQ-01139-00928471-00929128": "in specific countries you need to think uh which which ones to use usually or sometimes", "quSsL2odskQ-01140-00929128-00930008": "the metadata of the data you download tells you which is the best projection system to use and", "quSsL2odskQ-01141-00930224-00930920": "okay uh how did you know that the area of the first exercise was in meters that's another good", "quSsL2odskQ-01142-00930920-00931679": "question and the area of the first exercise yes this is um this is some of this information that", "quSsL2odskQ-01143-00931679-00932352": "you learn after years and years of engaging with data and gis and sometimes i also forget myself", "quSsL2odskQ-01144-00932408-00932895": "and i calculate the areas of the perimeters and then i have to go back to my mouth", "quSsL2odskQ-01145-00932895-00933287": "and actually measure it physically to remind myself double check", "quSsL2odskQ-01146-00933287-00933879": "that yes here i am calculating meters or kilometers or square kilometers so", "quSsL2odskQ-01147-00934056-00934608": "it stresses the importance of metadata when you get hold of data if there are files that", "quSsL2odskQ-01148-00934679-00935295": "are called metadata or explanation or readme and usually the information is there that", "quSsL2odskQ-01149-00935295-00935784": "tells you the projection system what sort of coordinates they're using et cetera et cetera", "quSsL2odskQ-01150-00935887-00936648": "and so yes and always double check remember how many times i open the attribute table and here as", "quSsL2odskQ-01151-00936647-00937208": "well we keep all the operations we do we open the attribute table to check that things happen the", "quSsL2odskQ-01152-00937208-00937879": "way we were expecting them to happen if something doesn't look right either qgis will crash", "quSsL2odskQ-01153-00937879-00938464": "if you ask something very complicated or it will not look right in the in the attribute", "quSsL2odskQ-01154-00938464-00939144": "table some of these things are logical so when you calculate for example density and the densities", "quSsL2odskQ-01155-00939143-00940016": "are all below one um decimals for the whole of europe it means maybe you did something wrong and", "quSsL2odskQ-01156-00940016-00940984": "and final question that i see is oh sorry i have two more things here one more question on the chat", "quSsL2odskQ-01157-00941047-00941600": "is it possible for calculating the distances between each buffer so this", "quSsL2odskQ-01158-00941600-00942216": "is a bit complex some of the butters are overlay and yes you need to find a way to", "quSsL2odskQ-01159-00942376-00942895": "work out the centroids but the question really is the distance between the points", "quSsL2odskQ-01160-00942895-00943456": "so there are operations because the buffers remember were created from points there are", "quSsL2odskQ-01161-00943520-00944247": "operations to calculate the nearest point distance for example if you look under vector", "quSsL2odskQ-01162-00944320-00944816": "and so it identifies the nearest point and the distance to the nearest point", "quSsL2odskQ-01163-00944816-00945335": "or we can specify a distance and then it selects all the points within this distance", "quSsL2odskQ-01164-00945335-00946135": "and a lot of this information is through searching the internet basically so when you come up with", "quSsL2odskQ-01165-00946135-00946792": "an idea that you think you want to achieve or an operation and usually i do the same", "quSsL2odskQ-01166-00946792-00947456": "sometimes i don't remember the exact command so the help system helps a lot a good book helps", "quSsL2odskQ-01167-00947592-00948192": "i can recommend i will add in my final version of the slides a couple of good books for", "quSsL2odskQ-01168-00948192-00948856": "qgis the help system that is online the material online for 2gis is very good the training material", "quSsL2odskQ-01169-00948920-00949495": "and many of these things you need to think about what do i want to do and then how to express it", "quSsL2odskQ-01170-00949495-00950295": "and find the right answer and okay doing your own analysis in a different statistical package what's", "quSsL2odskQ-01171-00950295-00951135": "the best way of importing the relevant variables into a shape file for mapping it and csv or txt so", "quSsL2odskQ-01172-00951208-00951943": "remember you need to have some sort of geography as a shapefile we had the nuts level geography", "quSsL2odskQ-01173-00952008-00952431": "in other contexts you may have different types of geography i showed you examples", "quSsL2odskQ-01174-00952431-00953216": "for example with school locations or with districts of school school districts and", "quSsL2odskQ-01175-00953312-00954031": "in one of my examples so a lot depends on what sort of shape file you have or other geographical", "quSsL2odskQ-01176-00954087-00954871": "file for the geographical information and so that you can then save the analysis that you have done", "quSsL2odskQ-01177-00954871-00955312": "remember with some sort of unique identifier so that you can then match it", "quSsL2odskQ-01178-00955376-00956216": "and i save things as csv csv is a text format and and i usually save it as csv because it reminds", "quSsL2odskQ-01179-00956216-00956871": "me that it's comma separated while the text can be for example tab separated or some other thing", "quSsL2odskQ-01180-00956871-00957784": "separate the values and csv is a little bit more of a standard and i don't see any other questions", "quSsL2odskQ-01181-00957920-00958808": "apart from maybe one personal support after this session this is a little bit complicated", "quSsL2odskQ-01182-00958808-00959512": "because we have been commissioned so to speak to deliver this particular training with as much", "quSsL2odskQ-01183-00959576-00960304": "information and resources as we can and now we are open to suggestions for example for potential", "quSsL2odskQ-01184-00960304-00961000": "collaboration for research etc but we cannot really provide one-to-one training for these", "quSsL2odskQ-01185-00961000-00961600": "sessions there are training schools around there are training courses some of them are free some", "quSsL2odskQ-01186-00961600-00962479": "of them are paid for but you can follow up with so it's not the purpose of this um course to provide", "quSsL2odskQ-01187-00962479-00963071": "one-to-one training per se just to give you some idea and to maybe kind of make you feel a", "quSsL2odskQ-01188-00963071-00963971": "little bit confident that you can go download the software and do some analysis [Music]", "quSsL2odskQ-01189-00964208-00964800": "so thank you to everyone and yes it's been great having you here", "quSsL2odskQ-01190-00964800-00966184": "even if we didn't have the chance to interact with you face to face", "quSsL2odskQ-01191-00966668-00966776": "[Music] you"}}]