[{"audio_id": "iZ6xifP44m8", "text": {"iZ6xifP44m8-00000-00003600-00003768": "I will come to meet you", "iZ6xifP44m8-00001-00003794-00003938": "in a foreign country", "iZ6xifP44m8-00002-00003965-00004061": "I’ll learn of your smile", "iZ6xifP44m8-00003-00004104-00004248": "You’ll learn of mine", "iZ6xifP44m8-00004-00004252-00004414": "We’ll go to see the ocean", "iZ6xifP44m8-00005-00004414-00004530": "At the end of the world", "iZ6xifP44m8-00006-00004550-00004682": "And never forget,", "iZ6xifP44m8-00007-00004708-00004836": "‘cause you know", "iZ6xifP44m8-00008-00004850-00004990": "I will come to meet you", "iZ6xifP44m8-00009-00005014-00005172": "In a foreign country", "iZ6xifP44m8-00010-00005184-00005316": "I’ll learn of your smile", "iZ6xifP44m8-00011-00005320-00005456": "You’ll learn of mine", "iZ6xifP44m8-00012-00005456-00005618": "We’ll go to see the ocean", "iZ6xifP44m8-00013-00005634-00005784": "At the end of the world", "iZ6xifP44m8-00014-00005800-00005902": "And never forget,", "iZ6xifP44m8-00015-00005916-00005966": "'cause you know", "iZ6xifP44m8-00016-00006034-00006110": "I", "iZ6xifP44m8-00017-00006122-00006298": "just wanna have", "iZ6xifP44m8-00018-00006348-00006572": "an happy end", "iZ6xifP44m8-00019-00006648-00006759": "in yellow", "iZ6xifP44m8-00020-00006880-00006959": "just", "iZ6xifP44m8-00021-00006959-00007031": "have", "iZ6xifP44m8-00022-00007036-00007184": "an happy end", "iZ6xifP44m8-00023-00007264-00007368": "in Yellow", "iZ6xifP44m8-00024-00007504-00007584": "Just", "iZ6xifP44m8-00025-00007584-00007652": "have", "iZ6xifP44m8-00026-00007656-00007972": "an happy end in yellow", "iZ6xifP44m8-00027-00008184-00008234": "like", "iZ6xifP44m8-00028-00008256-00008392": "the sun", "iZ6xifP44m8-00029-00008432-00008672": "Just have an happy end", "iZ6xifP44m8-00030-00009744-00010092": "I will come to meet you in a foreign country", "iZ6xifP44m8-00031-00010096-00010384": "I’ll learn of your smile You’ll learn of mine", "iZ6xifP44m8-00032-00010388-00010548": "We’ll go to see the ocean", "iZ6xifP44m8-00033-00010592-00010736": "At the end of the world", "iZ6xifP44m8-00034-00010736-00010816": "And never forget,", "iZ6xifP44m8-00035-00010832-00010912": "‘cause you know", "iZ6xifP44m8-00036-00010912-00011312": "I will come to meet you in a foreign country", "iZ6xifP44m8-00037-00011384-00011596": "I’ll learn of your smile You’ll learn of mine", "iZ6xifP44m8-00038-00011616-00011788": "We’ll go to see the ocean", "iZ6xifP44m8-00039-00011796-00011936": "At the end of the world", "iZ6xifP44m8-00040-00011980-00012180": "And never forget, ‘cause you know", "iZ6xifP44m8-00041-00012216-00012776": "I just wanna have an happy end", "iZ6xifP44m8-00042-00012784-00012940": "in yellow", "iZ6xifP44m8-00043-00013047-00013368": "Just have an happy end", "iZ6xifP44m8-00044-00013384-00013556": "in yellow", "iZ6xifP44m8-00045-00013624-00013988": "Just have an happy end", "iZ6xifP44m8-00046-00014016-00014144": "in yellow", "iZ6xifP44m8-00047-00014708-00015219": "I just wanna have an happy end", "iZ6xifP44m8-00048-00015228-00015356": "in yellow", "iZ6xifP44m8-00049-00015504-00015860": "Just have an happy end", "iZ6xifP44m8-00050-00015884-00016000": "in yellow", "iZ6xifP44m8-00051-00016112-00016412": "Just have an happy end", "iZ6xifP44m8-00052-00016476-00016600": "in yellow", "iZ6xifP44m8-00053-00016788-00016936": "Like the Sun", "iZ6xifP44m8-00054-00017004-00017128": "Just have", "iZ6xifP44m8-00055-00017204-00017348": "an happy end"}}, {"audio_id": "iZgKVrqSKpY", "text": {"iZgKVrqSKpY-00000-00000281-00001383": "Generally speaking, for every course, your first assignment is to read the syllabus.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00001-00001383-00003243": "The syllabus details what you need to know to be successful in the course.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00002-00003243-00004061": "On one level, the syllabus acts as a contract between instructor and student, and it is", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00003-00004061-00004755": "important that both parties understand the course learning outcomes, policies, grading,", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00004-00004755-00005223": "communication guidelines, and institutional requirements.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00005-00005223-00005798": "If you stay in the course beyond the first module, that means you have agreed to the", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00006-00005798-00006777": "terms of the contract (the syllabus) and are bound by them.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00007-00006777-00007415": "But on an instructional level, the syllabus is your first reading assignment, and you", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00008-00007415-00007956": "should think of the syllabus as a text that needs to be thoroughly investigated as an", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00009-00007956-00008070": "act of reading.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00010-00008070-00008529": "In this course, you will be asked to be active readers.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00011-00008529-00010729": "An active reader looks at a text consciously (paying attention to purpose, audience, techniques)", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00012-00010729-00011257": "and critically (responding with questions and evaluations).", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00013-00011257-00012035": "As we read any text--newspapers, short stories, novels, business reports, emails, texts, and", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00014-00012035-00012443": "yes, syllabi--we discern a purpose to the text.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00015-00012443-00013083": "It may be to inform, to entertain, to analyze, to summarize.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00016-00013083-00013558": "For all reading assignments of this course, you will want to determine the purpose of", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00017-00013558-00015708": "each text.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00018-00015708-00016259": "Sometimes an initial purpose will be outlined for you before you read, but there will be", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00019-00016259-00016951": "times when you discover, as an active reader, there is more than one purpose to the text.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00020-00016951-00017479": "Therefore, as you read critically, you will want to respond to the text with questions,", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00021-00017479-00017776": "evaluations, and commentary.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00022-00017776-00018025": "For example, take the syllabus of this course.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00023-00018025-00018781": "Its primary purpose is to inform students of the course learning outcomes and policies.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00024-00018781-00019049": "Read it thoroughly and actively.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00025-00019049-00019450": "Set aside an appropriate amount of time to read it critically.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00026-00019450-00020079": "You may find as you read that you have questions about certain policies or you may wish to", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00027-00020079-00020333": "ask for clarification.", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00028-00020333-00021423": "You can then either use the forum called Questions about the Course to field your questions to", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00029-00021423-00022101": "our collective community or you can email the instructor about any items in the syllabus", "iZgKVrqSKpY-00030-00022101-00023467": "for which you need some assistance."}}, {"audio_id": "iZuLIk3flfM", "text": {"iZuLIk3flfM-00000-00002894-00003782": "Empty, dark and formless Mass", "iZuLIk3flfM-00001-00003782-00004416": "Earth an ocean with no life", "iZuLIk3flfM-00002-00004416-00005642": "The Spirit moved, Yea He moved", "iZuLIk3flfM-00003-00005642-00006568": "Like a Dove on her eggs", "iZuLIk3flfM-00004-00006568-00007334": "Hatched a world by God's word", "iZuLIk3flfM-00005-00007334-00008422": "That Jesus came to save", "iZuLIk3flfM-00006-00008422-00009494": "Jesus came to set me free", "iZuLIk3flfM-00007-00009494-00011444": "Jesus came to give me peace, Jesus came, Jesus came", "iZuLIk3flfM-00008-00011444-00012426": "When the whole world had no peace", "iZuLIk3flfM-00009-00012426-00014518": "Filled with blood and enemies, Jesus came, Jesus came", "iZuLIk3flfM-00010-00014518-00015278": "Jesus came to set me free", "iZuLIk3flfM-00011-00015278-00017278": "Jesus came to give me peace, Jesus came, Jesus came", "iZuLIk3flfM-00012-00017278-00018238": "When the whole world had no peace", "iZuLIk3flfM-00013-00018238-00019054": "Filled with Scribes and Pharisees", "iZuLIk3flfM-00014-00019054-00023510": "Jesus came"}}, {"audio_id": "iZ-_YqEw5gu", "text": {"iZ-_YqEw5gu-00000-00000000-00000633": "commencement 2018 celebrates CSU Global graduates marking another milestone in", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00001-00000633-00000951": "their lives steering themselves further down the", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00002-00000951-00001596": "road to success as we look back with pride and look forward with courage this", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00003-00001596-00002121": "is just one of many milestones that leads to other successes just over the", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00004-00002121-00002631": "horizon with this accomplishment graduates have the power to use their", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00005-00002631-00002996": "degrees to reach that next milestone in the journey ahead", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00006-00002996-00003554": "CSU global is a proud partner in lifelong learning now and into the", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00007-00003554-00004155": "future as our students evolve in their careers and lives striving to reach the", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00008-00004155-00004761": "next milestone we celebrate with them this year marks CSU Global's 10-year", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00009-00004761-00005339": "anniversary commencement 2018 honors the milestones of our graduates and the", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00010-00005339-00005946": "university family they are a part of. We have over 900 students graduating in", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00011-00005946-00006393": "person with us today and more than 200 virtual graduates participating remotely", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00012-00006393-00007193": "from 46 states Colorado State University Global Campus is the first and only 100%", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00013-00007193-00007725": "online fully accredited public university in the United States the", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00014-00007725-00008204": "university designs programs to fit our students life not the other way around", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00015-00008204-00008727": "at CSU global our mission is to serve non-traditional students and help", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00016-00008727-00009293": "support education not only in the state of Colorado but beyond CSU global", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00017-00009293-00009846": "provides students with all the resources they need to succeed like 24/7 technical", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00018-00009846-00010436": "support library access tutoring and career coaching at no additional cost", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00019-00010436-00011007": "the more intimate settings that each class has has been great it blows me", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00020-00011007-00011460": "away even though it's an online class there's still a lot of great interaction", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00021-00011460-00012189": "with humans I am so proud and really humbled that so many students call us", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00022-00012189-00012572": "home and that they trust us with something that's vitally important to", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00023-00012572-00013039": "them their education their career we're really one big family of", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00024-00013039-00013586": "people who all have the same basic dreaming goal which is to better their", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00025-00013586-00014091": "lives through education focused on career relevant education", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00026-00014091-00014654": "CSU global measures its performance on our students workplace success through", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00027-00014654-00015263": "salary growth or the ability to change careers innovative faculty and staff are", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00028-00015263-00015779": "driving student success from virtual classrooms and digital interactions from", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00029-00015779-00016334": "across the globe since we commenced our first academic term with only 208", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00030-00016334-00016906": "students in 2008 CSU global has continued to be a leader in innovative", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00031-00016906-00017351": "higher education with our focus on advancing non-traditional students in", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00032-00017351-00018004": "their careers we've grown exponentially to more than 19,000 students I think", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00033-00018004-00018412": "that's absolutely amazing to know that in 10 years they're able to grow and", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00034-00018412-00018995": "have that many people take advantage of such a great opportunity it's awesome to", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00035-00018995-00019556": "see you can see that technology has allowed more people to you know obtain a", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00036-00019556-00020491": "degree of some form I think it's awesome welcome to commencement 2018", "iZ-_YqEw5gu-00037-00023663-00023869": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "iZJsfhkJWVE", "text": {"iZJsfhkJWVE-00000-00000000-00000654": "One of the more recent phenomenas in church development that you may have", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00001-00000654-00001491": "noticed is the rise of the Life Church movement, Life Churches. You see", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00002-00001491-00001926": "these churches are usually in shopping centres where their group has taken over", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00003-00001926-00002631": "a theater or a department store and transformed it into a church location.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00004-00002631-00003017": "We've seen those, we have those in Midwest City I think, they're a little bit all", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00005-00003017-00003605": "over the place. And one feature of this group is that they have a", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00006-00003605-00004275": "main campus, like a main spot, main campus where the main preacher or pastor and in", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00007-00004275-00004953": "their case is located, and they feed a live video of his preaching and the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00008-00004953-00005498": "worship service to smaller satellite groups that are set up throughout the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00009-00005498-00005844": "city. Nothing wrong with that if you want to do that but they've kind of pioneered", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00010-00005844-00006572": "that approach. Another feature according to their website is the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00011-00006572-00007331": "presentation of what they call high-energy worship music, high-energy worship", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00012-00007331-00008015": "music and of course what this means is that their service has a well polished", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00013-00008015-00008829": "and professional group of musicians and singers and performers who will present", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00014-00008829-00009572": "a very enjoyable selection of songs for the congregation for the viewing people", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00015-00009572-00009897": "who are viewing that. As a matter of fact on their website, I", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00016-00009897-00010382": "did some research and they were saying the worship is one hour,", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00017-00010382-00010770": "they say we guarantee you it's an hour, it's not longer than an hour, it", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00018-00010770-00011357": "won't go over and we will provide high-impact good preaching. And", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00019-00011357-00012084": "every week a different show with a variety of Christian contemporary bands", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00020-00012084-00012704": "and performers and this will and does appeal to the many who attend and listen", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00021-00012704-00013362": "to this type of music regularly and they do so on Christian radio. Online videos", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00022-00013362-00013836": "CDs Christian \"contemporary music\" very popular today.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00023-00013836-00014394": "And of course this is what you'll hear a form of this during their worship", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00024-00014394-00014837": "service. Of course the use of contemporary music played by", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00025-00014837-00015359": "professional musicians in ever more elaborate stage presentations has", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00026-00015359-00015936": "actually become the norm for churches competing with one another to draw the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00027-00015936-00016787": "coveted young adult generation to attend worship. And in the face of this cultural", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00028-00016787-00017387": "and religious phenomenon it appears almost quaint, I think that's the word I was", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00029-00017387-00017994": "looking for a word there, it appears almost quaint even insignificant that", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00030-00017994-00018570": "the only ones it seems that have not enthusiastically jumped on the bandwagon", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00031-00018570-00019398": "and completely embraced this new musical reality is us in the Churches of Christ.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00032-00019398-00019968": "Mainline Churches of Christ, some Churches of Christ have embraced this", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00033-00019968-00020550": "form of music during their worship but the majority of mainline Churches of", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00034-00020550-00021113": "Christ have not. You see one feature about the Church of Christ that most", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00035-00021113-00021901": "people recognize immediately is the fact that we actually don't use", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00036-00021901-00022448": "instruments of music in our worship, it's something that people know", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00037-00022448-00022907": "about us, they all say oh you say what church you go to, oh you", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00038-00022907-00023276": "people don't use instruments right you don't use an organ right? We go yeah", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00039-00023276-00023954": "that's us. Now it's not that we're against music and it's not that we", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00040-00023954-00024465": "think instruments or playing them are bad, we have many gifted musicians in our", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00041-00024465-00025134": "congregation singers, musicians. It's just that when we gather as a church to", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00042-00025134-00025934": "worship God we don't use any instruments of music at that time. We only sing and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00043-00025934-00026352": "we only use the human voice as our instrument to praise and to honor the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00044-00026352-00026972": "Lord in worship. Now we are unique in the religious world in this", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00045-00026972-00027473": "and it may be why many people identify the Churches of Christ with the idea of", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00046-00027473-00027983": "no instruments used in worship, we're probably the only large group", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00047-00027983-00028589": "that does not. And so this evening I'd like to review the reasons why we", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00048-00028589-00029264": "are an a cappella meaning non instrumental church. If that's what", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00049-00029264-00029839": "people know about us we should know why we do this and what happens when we lift", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00050-00029839-00030377": "our voices to God in praise and one other thing, you", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00051-00030377-00030869": "have objectives when you're preaching, one of the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00052-00030869-00031451": "objectives with this particular lesson tonight is to hopefully remove that", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00053-00031451-00032024": "resigned, that feeling of resignation when somebody says to you oh", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00054-00032024-00032480": "you Church of Christ yeah oh you're the ones that don't use any instrument and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00055-00032480-00033161": "the response is, yeah that's us. No no no, I'd like to eliminate that yeah that's", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00056-00033161-00033680": "us reaction. I'd like a little more positive yes have you ever been to one", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00057-00033680-00034124": "of our services, have you ever experienced that a capella music", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00058-00034124-00034658": "in worship? I'd like it to be that reaction instead of yeah that's sorry I", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00059-00034658-00035264": "apologize. We don't have to make an apology for this brothers and sisters we", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00060-00035264-00035801": "don't. Now there are reasons why we do everything that we do in our service to", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00061-00035801-00036326": "God this includes worship and how we offer that worship to God when we gather", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00062-00036326-00036884": "for that purpose. So then why do we only sing and not use instruments in our", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00063-00036884-00037294": "worship service as well. Several good reasons for this, here are the main ones.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00064-00037294-00038189": "Number one: we sing because the New Testament tells us to sing. The", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00065-00038189-00038609": "Scriptures provide instructions concerning every aspect of our spiritual", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00066-00038609-00039281": "lives and that includes our worship to God when we gather publicly. In the New", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00067-00039281-00039740": "Testament we have specific teaching that guides us in what we should be doing", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00068-00039740-00040076": "when it comes to worshiping God. I'd like to", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00069-00040076-00040547": "just list a few passages here. You see people say it you know where does it say", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00070-00040547-00040922": "in the Bible that you should only sing, people say that well I don't", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00071-00040922-00041372": "where do you see that in the Bible? And your answer should be well hang on a", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00072-00041372-00041927": "second let me get my Bible out and I'll show you where it says that. First of all", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00073-00041927-00042554": "in I Corinthians 14:14-15 Paul says, \"For if I pray in a", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00074-00042554-00042935": "tongue, my spirit prays, but my mind is unfruitful. What is the outcome then? I", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00075-00042935-00043418": "will pray with the spirit and I will pray with the mind also; I will sing with", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00076-00043418-00044228": "the spirit and I will sing with the mind also.\" Now all of chapter 14 is about, in", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00077-00044228-00044861": "this particular epistle, is about proper conduct in the assembly especially when", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00078-00044861-00045344": "the church gathers to worship, this is the context of what he's saying here. So", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00079-00045344-00045920": "when they gather to worship Paul encourages the church to sing. This isn't", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00080-00045920-00046391": "the only passage that refers to worship but it is one that refers to worship and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00081-00046391-00047348": "music and when teaching on this worship and music, Paul says to sing. Another", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00082-00047348-00048029": "passage, Ephesians 5:15-17 says, \"Therefore be careful how you walk, not as", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00083-00048029-00048461": "unwise men but as wise, making the most of your time, because the days are evil.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00084-00048461-00049049": "So then do not be foolish, but understand what the will of the Lord is.\" So", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00085-00049049-00050117": "important, right here, \"but understand what the will of the Lord is\" and then he goes", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00086-00050117-00050672": "on to say, \"And do not get drunk with wine,\" that's the will of the Lord that you not", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00087-00050672-00051092": "get drunk with wine \"for that is dissipation, but be filled with the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00088-00051092-00051683": "Spirit,\" that's the will of the Lord \"speaking to one another in psalms and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00089-00051683-00052391": "hymns and spiritual songs\" that's the will of the Lord \"singing and making", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00090-00052391-00053176": "melody with your heart to the Lord.\" That's the will of the Lord.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00091-00053238-00053891": "Again describing acceptable spirit-filled worship Paul says that we", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00092-00053891-00054402": "should sing among other things. The point of the passage is that acceptable", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00093-00054402-00054870": "activities should accompany Christian worship and one of these acceptable", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00094-00054870-00055503": "activities is to be singing songs and psalms and so on and so forth. Let's go", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00095-00055503-00055926": "to another passage of Scripture, Colossians 3:16 says, \"Let", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00096-00055926-00056337": "the word of Christ richly dwell within you, with all wisdom teaching and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00097-00056337-00057129": "admonishing one another with psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing with", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00098-00057129-00057750": "thankfulness in your hearts to God.\" Amazing isn't it the same instruction", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00099-00057750-00058410": "given at Corinth and Ephesus was not a coincidence but rather a pattern for", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00100-00058410-00058926": "activity as Paul repeats the very same instructions for the Christians at", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00101-00058926-00059579": "Colossi. I mean there were different problems and different context for all", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00102-00059579-00060092": "of these churches for Paul to write to all of these. For example he wrote to", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00103-00060092-00060554": "Corinth for one of the major problems was immorality going on among other", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00104-00060554-00061004": "things, when he wrote to Ephesus what was the problem well they had a unity issue", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00105-00061004-00061620": "in Ephesus, Colossians what was the issue well false doctrine, false teaching", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00106-00061620-00062172": "was creeping into the church. Notice different topics, different churches but", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00107-00062172-00062682": "when it came to talk about public worship what does he say, the exact same", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00108-00062682-00063254": "thing for every single church regardless of the issues they were having at the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00109-00063254-00063795": "time. The point being that singing spiritual songs during public worship", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00110-00063795-00064632": "this was acceptable before God. Another one James 5:13, \"Is anyone among you", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00111-00064632-00065273": "suffering? Then he must pray. Is anyone cheerful? He is also to sing praises.\"", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00112-00065273-00065811": "Another New Testament writer in a different circumstance gives exactly the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00113-00065811-00066231": "same teaching when referring to the offering of praise, what does he say,", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00114-00066231-00066667": "sing he says sing. Throughout the New Testament when it", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00115-00066667-00067263": "comes to this particular subject the same pattern of instruction emerges: when", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00116-00067263-00068019": "Christians gather to worship and praise they only sing. Now right there that", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00117-00068019-00068475": "should be enough those few scriptures, there's more but those few scriptures", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00118-00068475-00069148": "should be enough, but there's more. Why do we sing? Well we sing because the word", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00119-00069148-00070020": "used in the New Testament means actually to sing. In every case where instruction", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00120-00070020-00070544": "is given to the church about praise and worship the word that the Apostles use", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00121-00070544-00071226": "to describe what they should be doing means to sing without the accompaniment", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00122-00071226-00071992": "of an instrument. The Greek word psallo, very interesting in English", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00123-00071992-00072432": "we use the term a cappella if I were to say to you we're going to an a", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00124-00072432-00072892": "cappella concert tonight you would immediately know well we're going to see", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00125-00072892-00073423": "people who are going to sing without instruments we use the term a capella. In", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00126-00073423-00074124": "their day they use the term psallo. Interesting history to this word", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00127-00074124-00074575": "originally it meant to pluck,  you had a stringed instrument and you", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00128-00074575-00075012": "would pluck the instrument like you play a guitar, that's what it originally meant.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00129-00075012-00075552": "Eventually the word began to change in its meaning and it began to refer to the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00130-00075552-00076213": "actual song or the psalm that was being played and not to the playing of it, so", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00131-00076213-00076612": "it went from the playing of the instrument to the song that was being", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00132-00076612-00077226": "played by the instrument. By New Testament times the word meant to sing", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00133-00077226-00077998": "the song itself without the accompaniment of an instrument. So we see", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00134-00077998-00078349": "the evolution of words all the time. Someone said well that's awfully strange,", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00135-00078349-00078870": "no it's not, we see the evolution of words all the time. If I were to say to", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00136-00078870-00079360": "you anybody have a Kleenex, anybody out there have the Kleenex, well you know", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00137-00079360-00079867": "what I'd be talking about right, some papers you know a tissue, but Kleenex is", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00138-00079867-00080112": "that thing is that a Kleenex, no.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00139-00080112-00080815": "Kleenex is a brand, Kimberly-Clark the company has a brand of tissue called", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00140-00080815-00081430": "Kleenex, but eventually the word Kleenex went from being the brand of", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00141-00081430-00081994": "tissue to the tissue itself. And that's not unique to the English or the Greek", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00142-00081994-00082465": "language we have the same thing in the French language. When we were", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00143-00082465-00083185": "in Montreal and when we were filming our program there the director would be", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00144-00083185-00083581": "calling to the cameraman we had three cameras and he would say to cameraman", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00145-00083581-00084025": "number one he'd say in French  he'd say bring your Kodak and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00146-00084025-00084562": "put it over there Kodak, well Kodak that's the name of the company if you're", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00147-00084562-00085009": "you know certain age you remember that Kodak cameras were like the old", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00148-00085009-00085632": "style cameras, huge company they made film and so on and so forth, in French", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00149-00085632-00086161": "the slang word for a camera those big cameras and studios there that", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00150-00086161-00086734": "the guys man, they're called Kodaks, they have another name but they refer to them", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00151-00086734-00087706": "as Kodaks, the evolution of language. And so the Old Testament period during David", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00152-00087706-00088215": "and Solomon's reign a thousand years before Christ, temple worship was", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00153-00088215-00088903": "accompanied by musicians and parades and mixed choirs. For this reason many Psalms", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00154-00088903-00089356": "speak of an accompaniment by instruments. And a lot of times people today they", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00155-00089356-00089773": "defend their use of instruments in worship and they point immediately to", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00156-00089773-00090322": "David and some of the linear notes before Psalms to", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00157-00090322-00090745": "be played by the accompaniment of certain instrument. And they say, look at", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00158-00090745-00091456": "this David the writer of the Psalms they played instruments. But saying that and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00159-00091456-00092086": "arguing that is forgetting the idea of the evolution of words. By the time of", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00160-00092086-00092802": "the Babylonian captivity which was about 600 BC when synagogues were established", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00161-00092802-00093224": "musical instruments and Jewish worship began to be eliminated", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00162-00093224-00093950": "altogether the reason was the Jews considered them too paganistic to be used", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00163-00093950-00094379": "the pagans used instruments of worship and so there were no instruments of", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00164-00094379-00094982": "worship in the synagogue. By New Testament time the Jews no longer used", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00165-00094982-00095483": "instruments in the temple and as the church was founded the Apostles taught", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00166-00095483-00096017": "the early disciples to use only the voice in their worship services. Now you", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00167-00096017-00096508": "may be wondering why explain all this history? Well here's why, this is the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00168-00096508-00097145": "reason that the Apostles used a word that meant specifically to sing without", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00169-00097145-00097673": "instruments, they were doing it on purpose, it's not a fluke that we got", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00170-00097673-00098237": "here is not a tradition that we got here, the Apostles selected a word that meant", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00171-00098237-00098801": "specifically to sing without the use of instruments. That's why appeals to what", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00172-00098801-00099248": "David did in the Old Testament to justify what we do now are not valid", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00173-00099248-00099701": "it's not good Bible study. I mean if we did this we could also offer animal", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00174-00099701-00100207": "sacrifice, we could impose circumcision I mean if they did it in", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00175-00100207-00100600": "the Old Testament we can bring it forward why not animal sacrifice right?", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00176-00100600-00101126": "Well we don't do that because we know that it's the New Testament that guides", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00177-00101126-00101966": "us, not the Old Testament. So when determining what we should do or what we", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00178-00101966-00102607": "should not do as Christians here's a good kind of basic rule to follow: when", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00179-00102607-00103178": "the New Testament specifically tells us by a command or by giving us some sort", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00180-00103178-00103751": "of example or by providing a set of guidelines then we should just do the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00181-00103751-00104411": "thing that it tells us, if on the other hand the New Testament tells us to", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00182-00104411-00104743": "specifically what we should do then we should do just that", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00183-00104743-00105235": "and not add or subtract or change what we should do. For example the New", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00184-00105235-00105805": "Testament tells us to be baptized right to be immersed in water, well we", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00185-00105805-00106421": "shouldn't add to that a sign of the cross or walking a mile or lighting a", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00186-00106421-00106829": "candle or anything else are getting on our knees, we", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00187-00106829-00107552": "should simply do what it says, be baptized, no more no less no different.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00188-00107552-00108231": "The New Testament tells us then that when we gather to worship and praise we", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00189-00108231-00108771": "should sing without accompaniment of instruments, when we add a band or a", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00190-00108771-00109368": "piano or when we go beyond what God has told us to do in His word, this is", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00191-00109368-00110088": "dangerous. Now if the New Testament had given us no teaching, if the New", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00192-00110088-00110643": "Testament had given us no commands, no examples about this matter well then we", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00193-00110643-00111161": "would be free to choose how we are to offer worship to God. I mean hey let's", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00194-00111161-00111744": "get a worship committee, let's get some new ideas, why not next Sunday", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00195-00111744-00112332": "nothing but dance, let's just get the elders up here to dance, why not we don't", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00196-00112332-00112883": "have any instructions. Let's have a parade and before", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00197-00112883-00113360": "we all come in let's just get outside in the parking lot on a nice day and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00198-00113360-00113817": "let's just have a parade and come on in here with a parade with the big", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00199-00113817-00114219": "symbals and the band, we could get the high school band to come in you know", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00200-00114219-00114738": "what I'm saying, let's do that. I mean so long as it doesn't violate some other", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00201-00114738-00115316": "part of Scripture let's just do it, hey why not, let's have a worship service", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00202-00115316-00115842": "nothing but hand clapping and feet stomping, I mean we're doing it unto the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00203-00115842-00116289": "Lord, we're not trying to be disrespectful we're going to clap unto", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00204-00116289-00116820": "the Lord, we're going to stomp our feet unto the Lord. Well that believe it or not", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00205-00116820-00117635": "would be okay if we had no instructions, if we haven't been taught what to do. But", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00206-00117635-00118208": "we have been taught what to do and when we've been taught what to do we just", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00207-00118208-00118923": "should do that, nothing more nothing less nothing different because God and His", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00208-00118923-00119502": "wisdom has given us instruction about what we ought to do, He has shown us how", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00209-00119502-00119939": "we should worship and when it comes to music He wants His people", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00210-00119939-00120608": "to sing and only to sing without instruments, so that's why we do", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00211-00120608-00121405": "what we do when we gather to worship. Okay so why do we sing? Well first of all", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00212-00121405-00122183": "the Bible says this is what we should do, secondly the word used when discussing", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00213-00122183-00122741": "music during worship actually means to sing without accompaniment of", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00214-00122741-00123708": "instruments. Another reason: history confirms this practice. Now this is not", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00215-00123708-00124211": "the strongest of reasons for singing, I believe what the Bible", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00216-00124211-00124655": "says is the strongest reason for that but it does support the other two", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00217-00124655-00125162": "reasons. We know that this is what the Apostles taught not only by the words", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00218-00125162-00125728": "they used but also by the activity of the early church recorded by historians.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00219-00125728-00126242": "Every single historical record describing the worship of the early", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00220-00126242-00126785": "church states that it was forbidden to use instruments, it was not a matter of", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00221-00126785-00128019": "choice. I repeat every single record that describes this issue, every one. Historians", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00222-00128019-00128462": "record that all the churches throughout the Roman Empire were a capella churches.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00223-00128462-00129101": "As a matter of fact they were referred to by this term, in", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00224-00129101-00129572": "other words the church, the Christian church for a time was known as the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00225-00129572-00130028": "a capella church. What religion are you? I'm a Christian, oh the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00226-00130028-00130550": "a capella people, yeah that's us. Nothing new, we think old Churches of", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00227-00130550-00130967": "Christ we're the  ground breakers, we're the ones that", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00228-00130967-00131358": "have been called that, but no no no way way back in the first", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00229-00131358-00131808": "century they were calling the church the the a cappella church because of this", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00230-00131808-00132623": "feature. For seven centuries [excuse me] there were no instruments of music in", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00231-00132623-00133311": "Christian worship. The first instrument was introduced by Pope", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00232-00133311-00134313": "Vitalian in 666 AD when he received an organ as a gift from a European king. And so in", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00233-00134313-00134840": "order to put that organ and that gift to good use he offered it to a church and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00234-00134840-00135600": "thus began the use of music instruments. There were others scattered", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00235-00135600-00136229": "attempts and so on and so forth but this was historically the beginning of the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00236-00136229-00136719": "the tide turning as far as instrument and worship is concerned. But until that", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00237-00136719-00137145": "time the church only sang in worship because that's what they had been taught", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00238-00137145-00137682": "by the Apostles through command and example in God's Word. As a matter of", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00239-00137682-00138116": "fact during the Protestant Reformation, the Reformation churches, the early", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00240-00138116-00138525": "Protestant churches threw out organs, threw out instruments. Why? Because they", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00241-00138525-00139266": "knew what the Bible said, that's why, they actually knew what it said and they", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00242-00139266-00139641": "remove not only the statues and the pictures and the holy water and the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00243-00139641-00139974": "confessionals and they got rid of all that stuff they also got rid of the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00244-00139974-00140712": "instruments. Calvinists, there were 10,000 Calvinistic churches in Europe, several", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00245-00140712-00141249": "hundred years ago not one of them had an instrument in their building. So as", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00246-00141249-00141600": "Christians we don't just do things because other people do them or", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00247-00141600-00142134": "because it's fun or convenient or popular or progressive, we do what we do", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00248-00142134-00142515": "because we follow the teachings of Christ and His Apostles in God's Word.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00249-00142515-00142923": "I'm not saying that like as a holier than thou we're better than you,", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00250-00142923-00143754": "no. We're saying to others you know what you have eyes, you can read, just", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00251-00143754-00144321": "read the book, ask yourself the question, what does the book say to do in this", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00252-00144321-00144669": "case? You'll see, you'll come to that conclusion, we're not holier than thou", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00253-00144669-00145569": "but we do know how to read and we're committed to obeying what we read. This", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00254-00145569-00146148": "type of obedience, this is not legalism, it's a demonstration that we love God", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00255-00146148-00146582": "and we want to obey Him.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00256-00146624-00147413": "Jesus said if you love Me you will obey Me, John 14:15. Now we need to avoid two", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00257-00147413-00148055": "extremes when it comes to this issue of music and worship. One extreme is to make", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00258-00148055-00148748": "this into some major doctrine and focus way too much attention on it. I once knew", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00259-00148748-00149566": "a preacher, bless his soul and a good man doing a good job but every second sermon", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00260-00149566-00150059": "he could start in Isaiah somewhere he could start in Genesis somewhere you", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00261-00150059-00150737": "know and sooner or later the conclusion of his sermon that started in", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00262-00150737-00151346": "Genesis was that we ought not to use instruments in worship. That gets old", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00263-00151346-00151811": "after a while. This is not a major Christian doctrine, a major Christian", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00264-00151811-00152303": "doctrine is Jesus is the Divine Son of God that's a major Christian doctrine. We", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00265-00152303-00152723": "are saved through a process of faith and not works, that's a major doctrine. The", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00266-00152723-00153272": "Bible is the inspired Word of God, that's a major doctrine. That we should use", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00267-00153272-00153761": "instruments we should not use instruments during worship that's a", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00268-00153761-00154147": "doctrine, it's an important doctrine but it doesn't have the weight of", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00269-00154147-00154604": "the doctrine that said Jesus is the Son of God. So some people make this thing", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00270-00154604-00155162": "way bigger than it needs to be. Of course the opposite thing is to ignore it", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00271-00155162-00155609": "because it's a minor issue, that's unimportant we're all going to heaven", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00272-00155609-00156320": "anyways who cares. Well I care, I care because I want to do", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00273-00156320-00156992": "what God wants me to do in every area important areas like I confess that I do", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00274-00156992-00157532": "believe that Jesus is the Son of God important areas like that, and in other", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00275-00157532-00157970": "areas where perhaps there's less information less focus in the New", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00276-00157970-00158489": "Testament but the information is there, I also want to worship Jesus in the way", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00277-00158489-00159173": "that pleases Him. I want to do that too. So we need to try to be obedient in all", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00278-00159173-00159596": "matter and small because all of these things are important since they", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00279-00159596-00160028": "demonstrate our willingness to obey our Lord Jesus Christ. If we are faithful", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00280-00160028-00160700": "in little things like how we ought to offer public praise then maybe He'll", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00281-00160700-00161297": "trust us with the big things like reigning with Him in heaven, like seeking", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00282-00161297-00161882": "the lost, those are the big things. So it's not enough just to understand how", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00283-00161882-00162485": "we should properly worship God we should also know what happens when we offer our", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00284-00162485-00162944": "songs in worship. What happens exactly, we sang some terrific songs", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00285-00162944-00163424": "there before I got up to preach what's going on there when we're doing that?", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00286-00163424-00163999": "Well a couple of things, first of all we succeed in praising God effectively,", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00287-00163999-00164807": "effectively. In Psalms 47 David says, \"Sing praises to God, sing praises; sing praises", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00288-00164807-00165455": "to our King, sing praises; for God is the King of all the earth; sing praises with", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00289-00165455-00166133": "a skillful psalm.\" Singing psalms and spiritual songs is a way of expressing", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00290-00166133-00166889": "our reaction to the blessings and the power of God, it's our natural spiritual", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00291-00166889-00167708": "reaction. Let me explain, what's the natural reaction you get if you look", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00292-00167708-00168206": "straight up get on a hot 90-degree day in Oklahoma no clouds in the sky", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00293-00168206-00168704": "big old sun what's the natural reaction if you look straight up into the sun?", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00294-00168704-00169124": "You'll go whoa you'll cover your eyes you'll shade you it's the natural", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00295-00169124-00169788": "reaction you can't look straight into the sun and not cover your eyes.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00296-00169946-00170612": "What's the natural reaction when you see the Grand Canyon for the first time? Wow", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00297-00170612-00171189": "what's the natural reaction when you see Niagara Falls for the first time? Oh", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00298-00171189-00172284": "my goodness look at this. Natural reaction. Well praise and song is our", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00299-00172284-00172932": "natural reaction, our natural response when we are made aware of God's majesty", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00300-00172932-00173622": "and power and wisdom and mercy. It's the reaction that is the most biblically", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00301-00173622-00174434": "acceptable as a way of expressing praise to God. I see how great God is, I", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00302-00174434-00175029": "recognize His mercy and His love, the awesome power that He has and I've just", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00303-00175029-00175870": "got to do something, I can't sit still, what do I do? Well I offer song in praise,", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00304-00175870-00176609": "spiritual song, that's the reaction, that's the natural God-given reaction.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00305-00176609-00177147": "The word for worship in the Greek means to send a kiss or to kiss", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00306-00177147-00177864": "forward, singing spiritual hymns and songs is our way of sending a kiss to", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00307-00177864-00178668": "God and making sure that it's accepted. So when we sing in worship we", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00308-00178668-00179364": "demonstrate the natural response to our understanding of God. Also when we sing", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00309-00179364-00180081": "in worship we offer spiritual thanksgiving. In Ephesians chapter 5 Paul", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00310-00180081-00180480": "writes, \"And do not get drunk with wine,\" I read this before but it fits right here", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00311-00180480-00180930": "as well \"for that is dissipation, but be filled with the Spirit, speaking to one", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00312-00180930-00181263": "another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00313-00181263-00181614": "melody with your heart to the Lord.\" How many times does he have to mention", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00314-00181614-00182081": "singing in the same verse till we kind of get that he wants us to sing, \"and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00315-00182081-00182478": "always giving thanks for all things in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ to God,", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00316-00182478-00182955": "even the Father; and be subject to one another in the fear of Christ.\" Singing", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00317-00182955-00183560": "hymns is a spiritual way of saying thank you for forgiveness and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00318-00183560-00183992": "resurrection and eternal life, thank you for maintaining our faith in our life", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00319-00183992-00184712": "here on earth, the source of these blessings is spiritual in nature because", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00320-00184712-00185392": "God is a spirit, and so our thanksgiving or our appreciation must also be", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00321-00185392-00185942": "spiritual in nature. You've got to give the right thing to the right", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00322-00185942-00186447": "person in the right way, I go to the restaurant and the server does", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00323-00186447-00187139": "a great job in serving me right a great job in serving me and the menu and the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00324-00187139-00187588": "food is great everything's on time my drink is filled, a good server,", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00325-00187588-00188039": "would it be proper for me to express my thanks to him by saying, you know what", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00326-00188039-00188423": "I'll say a prayer for you on my way home.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00327-00188471-00189188": "No. What's the proper way to offer thanks to the server for his good service or", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00328-00189188-00189984": "her good service? I leave a tip I leave a good tip. What's the proper way to say", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00329-00189984-00190652": "thank you to God for life, eternal life, for blessings and family? Do I", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00330-00190652-00191571": "give Him a tip? No, I give Him a song, I give Him praise, I sing with my heart", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00331-00191571-00192227": "full of joy, that's the proper way to give thanks to God because you can't", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00332-00192227-00192846": "give God money or flowers. Things done because we believe in Jesus and are", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00333-00192846-00193514": "carried out according to the Word take on a spiritual quality. Our worship is", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00334-00193514-00194030": "spiritual not just because we sing, our worship is spiritual because we are", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00335-00194030-00194489": "singing in obedience to God's Word, that's what makes it spiritual, it", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00336-00194489-00194891": "doesn't make it spiritual because the guys in the band are playing nice you", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00337-00194891-00195323": "know seventh or minor chords and the there's nice for five-part harmony by", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00338-00195323-00195834": "the background singers and the pianist they've got a nice", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00339-00195834-00196463": "melody all work. That's not what makes it spiritual, that's what makes it", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00340-00196463-00196961": "entertaining. What makes it spiritual is that", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00341-00196961-00197312": "we're responding to God in the way God wants us to respond to Him, that's what", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00342-00197312-00197926": "makes it spiritual. To pollute this expression with instruments makes the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00343-00197926-00198710": "entire experience less spiritual. I'm not saying less sincere, I don't", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00344-00198710-00199175": "question anybody sincerity and their desire to worship God but I do think", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00345-00199175-00199796": "it's less spiritual because it's not following God's will. And then when we", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00346-00199796-00200411": "sing we also encourage each other don't we? A little bit of a passage here in", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00347-00200411-00201226": "book of Acts it says here Paul is in a missionary journey it says, \"But when her", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00348-00201226-00201650": "masters saw that their hope of profit was gone,\" this was a young woman who was", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00349-00201650-00202090": "prophesying making money for people and was interfering with the work of Paul it", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00350-00202090-00202550": "says, \"they seized Paul and Silas and dragged them into the marketplace before", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00351-00202550-00202973": "the authorities,\" well Paul had cast the spirit out of this young woman there by", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00352-00202973-00203345": "elliminating the profit potential that she was making for her", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00353-00203345-00203830": "masters and so this is what got them into trouble it says, \"and when they had", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00354-00203830-00204178": "brought them to the chief magistrates, they said, 'These men are throwing our", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00355-00204178-00204541": "city into confusion being Jews and are proclaiming customs which it is not", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00356-00204541-00204985": "lawful for us to accept or to observe, being Romans.' The crowd rose up together", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00357-00204985-00205333": "against them, and the chief magistrates tore their robes off of them and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00358-00205333-00205816": "proceeded to order them to be beaten with rods. When they had struck them with", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00359-00205816-00206204": "many blows, they threw them into prison, commanding the jailer to guard them", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00360-00206204-00206657": "securely; and he, having received such a command, threw them into the inner prison", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00361-00206657-00207208": "and fastened their feet in the stocks.\" One more here, \"But about midnight Paul", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00362-00207208-00207589": "and Silas were praying and singing hymns of praise to God, and the prisoners were", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00363-00207589-00207961": "listening to them; and suddenly there came a great earthquake, so that the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00364-00207961-00208366": "foundations of the prison house were shaken; and immediately all the doors", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00365-00208366-00208936": "were opened and everyone's chains were unfastened.\" So Paul and Silas are in", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00366-00208936-00209333": "prison, they have no rights, they have no money, they have no lawyer, they have no", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00367-00209333-00209927": "way out, but in the midst of all of this they lift up their voices in song to God", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00368-00209927-00210880": "praising, thanking Him and, making my point here, encouraging each other", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00369-00210880-00211340": "encouraging each other. And we know the rest of this story, the earthquake the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00370-00211340-00212071": "prison doors open he converts the jailer and so on and so forth. But as far", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00371-00212071-00212489": "as my point is concerned about encouragement nothing lifts up a sad", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00372-00212489-00213002": "heart better than to sing praises to the Lord. I can remember Lise and I many many", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00373-00213002-00213532": "times, four little kids, in the mission field sometimes we were just tired", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00374-00213532-00214346": "we were just tired and a bit discouraged and a bit lonely and so on and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00375-00214346-00214661": "so forth and we used to when that would happen, we pulled out our song", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00376-00214661-00215081": "books and we'd start singing just well let's try this one, let's say, half", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00377-00215081-00215384": "the time we were laughing because our singing was so bad because we were", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00378-00215384-00215896": "trying to harmonize and we couldn't do it, got the giggles, but that was", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00379-00215896-00216353": "okay we were we were exhorting each other we were encouraging each other how", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00380-00216353-00216740": "with song. I wasn't saying to her, come on Lise, pick it up girl you're going to", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00381-00216740-00217229": "be okay everything's going to be fine don't worry about, no, we just opened the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00382-00217229-00218153": "songbook and started singing. Are we not all prisoners of this world and its many", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00383-00218153-00218603": "frustrations and temptations and discouragements. When we sing together", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00384-00218603-00219140": "like Paul and Silas the walls of our tension, the walls of our fear, the prison", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00385-00219140-00219817": "of our anger and hurt, all of these come tumbling down. When our hearts and our", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00386-00219817-00220289": "mouths are filled with songs of praise and thanksgiving there's no reason for", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00387-00220289-00220865": "arguing or hatred. It's very hard for me to hate my sister if I'm singing with her", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00388-00220865-00221501": "praises to God, very very difficult. When I hear my voice and your voice", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00389-00221501-00222248": "mingle in song I not only know that we are united intellectually but I can feel", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00390-00222248-00222779": "our unity, I can feel the sense of purpose that we have together I am", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00391-00222779-00223165": "encouraged because you like me we're singing the same", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00392-00223165-00223912": "song, to the same God, for the same purpose. Families who are experiencing", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00393-00223912-00224380": "problems should spend more time singing praises to God together, it would do", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00394-00224380-00225037": "them some good, it would do them a lot of good. So I hope I've answered the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00395-00225037-00225604": "question: why are we an a cappella church? Well we sing without", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00396-00225604-00226006": "instruments because this is what the Bible instructs us to do in public", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00397-00226006-00226696": "worship to God. The Apostles taught this, the early church did this and we simply", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00398-00226696-00227389": "follow their teaching and example. In addition to this we sing in order to", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00399-00227389-00227965": "praise God effectively, to thank Him in a spiritual way because He is a spiritual", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00400-00227965-00228535": "being and also to encourage one another in the faith. Now this lesson will make a", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00401-00228535-00228937": "difference in your spiritual life only if you realize and accept that what we", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00402-00228937-00229594": "do here is not just the Church of Christ thing. A capella music in worship is not", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00403-00229594-00230461": "a Church of Christ thing, it's a Bible thing, it's a God's Word thing. Therefore", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00404-00230461-00230917": "when we sing and when we lead others we should do so with as much effort and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00405-00230917-00231796": "care and expertise as we can. If that is so then song leaders need to choose", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00406-00231796-00232402": "carefully and prayerfully the songs that will be offered to God. Sermons", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00407-00232402-00232726": "they're not prepared at the last minute, you don't see Marty sitting in the pew", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00408-00232726-00233050": "figuring out a sermon ten minutes before he gets up here to speak", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00409-00233050-00233730": "and I don't do that and I know for a fact that Mike Coghill doesn't do that.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00410-00233738-00234167": "Well I don't think song leaders should be up here two minutes before worship either", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00411-00234169-00234444": "figuring out what they're going to sing and I understand I get it", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00412-00234444-00234967": "sometimes you've been asked at the last minute I get that I understand that.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00413-00234967-00235392": "But you know what I'm saying if you know that this is what you're going to do", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00414-00235392-00235813": "you're going to be leading God's people in worship that's not something that", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00415-00235813-00236142": "should be relegated for the last three minutes before you actually get up and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00416-00236142-00236833": "lead the song. Very important. And not only the song leader but the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00417-00236833-00237285": "assembly needs to be focused on their singing, you know what everybody should", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00418-00237285-00237988": "be singing, everybody, well I don't have a good voice, so what this isn't American", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00419-00237988-00238552": "Idol. You think by not singing you're going to hide from God the fact", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00420-00238552-00239317": "that you can't sing. As a matter of fact for those who cannot sing I think", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00421-00239317-00239878": "it's an even more blessed thing that you open your mouth and sing anyways because", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00422-00239878-00240319": "the people with the good voices man they want to harmonize, I hear that okay I'll", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00423-00240319-00240658": "sing the next line as base okay next line I'm going to sing it as the", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00424-00240658-00241375": "alto, now I'm going to sing base and alto at the same time. But you know what", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00425-00241375-00242188": "I'm saying. Worshiping God is not based on having a good voice it's based on", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00426-00242188-00242814": "faith, it's based on the fact that we recognize that we've been blessed.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00427-00242814-00243289": "When we refuse to sing or ignore the song service part of the worship then we", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00428-00243289-00243694": "are refusing to praise God, we're refusing to thank Him and we're not", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00429-00243694-00244146": "participating in the building of the body. Boy how edifying am I if I'm", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00430-00244146-00244630": "singing my heart out, you know Christians of souls Christians arise and so on as", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00431-00244630-00244986": "soldiers of Christ that's it, soldiers of Christ arise, and the two people", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00432-00244986-00245796": "next to me nothing. Well I'm edified, I really feel we're in this thing together.", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00433-00245796-00246706": "I want to turn around and say okay what team are you on, who you rooting for?", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00434-00246706-00247279": "Fads and interest in various types of music they come and go, forty years", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00435-00247279-00247726": "ago the Beatles introduced eastern Indian music remember Ravi Shankar oh", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00436-00247726-00248328": "boy was all the thrill to the United States and it was a rage for a while and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00437-00248328-00248985": "then it disappeared. This may be the decade for popular Christian music and", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00438-00248985-00249451": "that's good it's a form of salt and light in a very dark world but it's time", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00439-00249451-00249934": "will one day pass and it will recede to the marginal place that has occupied", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00440-00249934-00250336": "for so long just like other forms of contemporary music and something newer", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00441-00250336-00250981": "will come along to take its place. If we however carefully follow God's Word our", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00442-00250981-00251827": "worship may not always be in style but it will always be acceptable. And if this", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00443-00251827-00252439": "be so then our prayers will be heard and we will come away from worship services", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00444-00252439-00252889": "spiritually satisfied and lifted up no matter what generation we live in, no", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00445-00252889-00253369": "matter what's going on in the world. So we've got another song to sing tonight", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00446-00253369-00254131": "so we have two more songs to sing tonight, let's sing these songs with", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00447-00254131-00254614": "reverence shall we and conviction, offering God the worship that He", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00448-00254614-00255342": "deserves, and that He blesses us with. And while this song of encouragement is", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00449-00255342-00255913": "being sung if you recognize that you need to be baptized, to repent for your", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00450-00255913-00256414": "sins, or if you recognize that you need to be restored to faithfulness through", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00451-00256414-00256837": "prayer and restoration or perhaps to publicly announce your desire to be", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00452-00256837-00257286": "considered a member of this congregation and accept the oversight of our elders", "iZJsfhkJWVE-00453-00257286-00258342": "then please do not hesitate to do so as we stand and sing the song of invitation."}}, {"audio_id": "iZP0peoQ4R8", "text": {"iZP0peoQ4R8-00000-00000608-00001245": "Newman (she/her): Oh Tony did you just start the recording okay Okay, no auto done oh okay.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00001-00001529-00002013": "Newman (she/her): You know, it looks like we have some people here all right, I think we are live.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00002-00002055-00002115": "Toni Gardner (she/her): We are.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00003-00002124-00002562": "Newman (she/her): Alright, we are live so welcome everybody, welcome to the rebooting social media.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00004-00002688-00003854": "Newman (she/her): rsm assembly fellowship info session and we're going to give it just a couple more minutes as a few more people trickle in so feel free to grab your glasses, if you need them to read slides grab a glass of water.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00005-00003918-00004647": "Newman (she/her): Take a look out the window a deep breath as you like, and we will be kicking things off in about 90 seconds.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00006-00005055-00005259": "Newman (she/her): Welcome, welcome to those of you just joining.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00007-00006084-00006666": "Newman (she/her): So this session is being recorded for those of you who are just arriving we want to let you know the session is being recorded, so that we can share it.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00008-00006687-00007539": "Newman (she/her): on our website for those folks who couldn't make the Info session, however, since it is a webinar it will not be recording you we will not share your names, if you have questions, we will just.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00009-00007575-00008700": "Newman (she/her): respond to your questions as best we can, and in the spirit of honoring folks privacy and sometimes it's a little jarring when you hear something is being recorded when you join, but it's not recording you is just recording us.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00010-00008814-00009429": "Newman (she/her): So with that we're going to kick things off we'll start with doing some introductions to our team and then we're going to show you some slides give you a.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00011-00009468-00010746": "Newman (she/her): big picture overview of what it is we're up to and then mostly focused on the questions you all have for us so with that I will pass it over to my colleague giant chunk to introduce herself and we'll go around our virtual room here.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00012-00010827-00012642": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): hi everybody, my name is Joanne Chiang MAI pronouncer she her I used to be a workman client fellow back in 2017 2018 and super excited to be working with this wonderful team organizing the Institute for recruiting social media assembly fellowship so welcome everybody.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00013-00012798-00012840": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): Tony.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00014-00012938-00014076": "Toni Gardner (she/her): hi my name is Tony Gardner she her pronouns and I am the program coordinator for the Institute for rebooting social media becca hi everyone i'm good to be with you all.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00015-00014138-00014841": "Toni Gardner (she/her): Back at the basket she her pronouns i'm the director of Community at the berkman client Center have the great privilege of working with a bunch of maniacs.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00016-00014888-00015885": "Toni Gardner (she/her): together under this roof, and really excited about the prospects and the opportunities that this new rebooting social media fellowship program will hold for us.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00017-00016266-00017763": "Newman (she/her): Great and I am Sarah Newman, I go by Newman, which is my surname and I usually her pronouns i'm one of the senior advisors, to the Institute and staff member at the berkman client Center and the director of art education at metalab at Harvard and we are just being joined by.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00018-00017898-00018198": "Newman (she/her): One of the Institute P eyes, which is terrific.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00019-00018225-00018732": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): hi, this is an exercise and shouldn't limit it just given my zoom identifier.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00020-00018840-00019107": "Newman (she/her): i'm changing your name now for you, Jonathan we're just doing intros.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00021-00019200-00019365": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Well don't let me interrupt.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00022-00019398-00020397": "Newman (she/her): So, so that is me and we just going around the room so Professor Jonathan zittrain has just arrived little just pass it to you for a quick intro and then we're going to talk a bit about what rsm is.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00023-00020403-00020481": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): which will pass oh.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00024-00020517-00021438": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Hello i'm a sometime user of social media that is starting to get the impression that maybe it's not all consistently terrific.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00025-00021489-00023007": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): And i've taught on Internet architecture and governance and the shape and trajectory of new technologies for a number of years and i'm particularly interested in the ways in which.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00026-00023151-00024291": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): The kind of structured and rigorous thinking of academia and openness to changing one's mind can itself be reflected in social media and the ways in which.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00027-00024441-00025254": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): We can structure our Institute to really draw in people who don't formally identify all the time as academics.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00028-00025368-00026214": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): to broaden the base of work and ideas and reach of what we can do in the public interest in that sense i'm.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00029-00026286-00027999": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Particularly thrilled to be here for this and you know, is our colleague James mickens somewhere to be found, I maybe he I could just send along the link that I used and Joanne could appear a third time, maybe i'll do that oh you just did that okay great.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00030-00028173-00028905": "Newman (she/her): Great so mickens is just going to be joining us momentarily and with that we would like to just introduce.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00031-00028950-00030120": "Newman (she/her): A little bit more about what this Institute is so you all came to us from different places you're probably joining from all around the world, which is really exciting so thanks to those of you who are joining in the middle of the night, as it may be.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00032-00030183-00030825": "Newman (she/her): In your time zone at the Institute for rebooting social media is part of the larger brooklyn client Center.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00033-00030864-00031566": "Newman (she/her): Jonathan is one of the cofounders of the berkman client Center and he can speak more to that, but today's session, if you want to go to the next slide please.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00034-00031629-00032439": "Newman (she/her): will be specifically focused on the rsm assembly fellowship and we're going to be talking about the timeline some logistics.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00035-00032481-00033483": "Newman (she/her): The criteria for applicants and also some example projects and, as I said earlier, we're going to spend the majority of the time trying to answer your questions.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00036-00033561-00034851": "Newman (she/her): Before we proceed, however, we would like to introduce Professor James mickens, who is the Co P, I of the Institute who's just joining us and megan's if you don't mind just saying hello to folks I will turn it over to you, while I also change your name.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00037-00035022-00036012": "James Mickens (he/him): sounds good, well glad to see so many of you in this wondrous virtual universe that we created so yeah i'm one of the Faculty co directors, for the institute.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00038-00036069-00037377": "James Mickens (he/him): My background is in computer science, so I worked at Microsoft research for seven years before I came over to Harvard where I became a professor of computer science and i'm really excited to.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00039-00037422-00038283": "James Mickens (he/him): Work with the Institute for rebooting social media to sort of gather folks from a variety of backgrounds to tackle some of the important problems.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00040-00038328-00039192": "James Mickens (he/him): In the space and as i'm sure we'll hear throughout the session, one of the things that we're really excited about for the fellowship program is to.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00041-00039294-00040965": "James Mickens (he/him): bring together a bunch of folks who will be generative who will create some concrete artifacts, whether they be prototypes or policy documents or things like that that will really try to move the needle in the short to medium term in terms of making.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00042-00041124-00042978": "James Mickens (he/him): Making the the world of online social discourse better for everyone, and so I can also speak a little bit more broadly about some of the the pillars that we at the Institute, are trying to focus on, and so, if we can go to the next slide.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00043-00043233-00044238": "James Mickens (he/him): Great Thank you so much So here we have a wall of text so don't worry about reading it all, let me give you a high level overview of what we're trying to do.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00044-00044298-00045087": "James Mickens (he/him): With the Institute, as I sort of alluded to earlier we're looking for people who want to be generative who want to do stuff.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00045-00045111-00045933": "James Mickens (he/him): And so, broadly speaking, there are three pillars that we're interested in three sort of areas a specific focus that we want to look at.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00046-00046023-00047019": "James Mickens (he/him): With the fellowship program that will be talking about today, so the first pillar is what we call technology and policy development.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00047-00047079-00048549": "James Mickens (he/him): And so here, this is, you know leaning a lot on these ideas that I mentioned earlier, being generative and creating a tangible ideas and prototypes this could be code, you know, say, a software that somehow, for example.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00048-00048657-00049284": "James Mickens (he/him): reduces the amount of online harassment, that you might see an online social media that makes it easier to identify.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00049-00049329-00050256": "James Mickens (he/him): Instances of misinformation right so there's software artifacts that would fall under this first pillar there's also policies.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00050-00050331-00051528": "James Mickens (he/him): That might fall under this first pillar, so, in other words, we would see it as very beneficial if assembly of fellows could come in and talk about concrete ways forward to define, for example.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00051-00051621-00052821": "James Mickens (he/him): better ways of interaction between industry in between legislators or civil society we'd also consider tools.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00052-00052902-00053349": "James Mickens (he/him): sort of frameworks that are concrete that might help, for example.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00053-00053397-00054549": "James Mickens (he/him): People inside of companies to better respond to the needs of users who are outside of the company things like that so anyway so pillow run that's technology and policy development now pillar two.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00054-00054621-00056061": "James Mickens (he/him): We call that analysts analysis, in theory, and so the basic idea here is that fellows who would come and work under this pillar would really help us to understand the basic underpinnings of how.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00055-00056100-00057317": "James Mickens (he/him): Digital social spheres operate as it turns out understanding how online social media operates is very complicated, we had a workshop in the fall, where we looked at.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00056-00057387-00057954": "James Mickens (he/him): Online social media through the lens of crisis, science, you know crisis science is something like.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00057-00058038-00058902": "James Mickens (he/him): Environmental science, or something like conservation biology, how do we preserve endangered species, and so, in both of those cases conversation.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00058-00058979-00059727": "James Mickens (he/him): Conservation biology and climate science, we have these really complex systems that we're trying to understand.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00059-00059802-00060842": "James Mickens (he/him): We don't fully have a grapple on how they operate, and yet there is a lot of urgency, to try to address the problems of, for example, endangered species or climate change because.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00060-00060917-00062010": "James Mickens (he/him): The harms that will arise if we don't deal with these things are are very severe and very damaging so in Pillar to we want to bring in people who are going to look at.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00061-00062088-00063336": "James Mickens (he/him): sort of these basic principles that govern how people and algorithms and platforms interact with each other so example outputs from this particular pillar might be academic papers.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00062-00063423-00064221": "James Mickens (he/him): but also public facing things like op eds other types of public writing having public events where we convene.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00063-00064296-00065196": "James Mickens (he/him): Actual users or people from civil society to talk about the impacts that social media has on us all, and so I want to mention that, even in this pillar.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00064-00065277-00066240": "James Mickens (he/him): analysis in theory that sounds you know, at first glance, perhaps very, very hands off and very abstract, but as you'll see in the example outputs we really do want people.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00065-00066348-00067263": "James Mickens (he/him): who work on this pillar to also be generative and to also have outputs that are public facing So then, finally, if you look at pillar three.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00066-00067314-00068838": "James Mickens (he/him): So pillar three we call building the field and so pillars three is going to focus specifically on building interest and expertise amongst students and professionals who hopefully will later on, go work.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00067-00068904-00069801": "James Mickens (he/him): on social media in some capacity, whether they go to the social media companies themselves or maybe they try to improve social media from the outside.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00068-00069870-00070506": "James Mickens (he/him): As an ethnography for as a politician, as an activist, but we want it, we want to sort of.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00069-00070554-00072003": "James Mickens (he/him): Provide venues for these folks to talk about these pressing issues to exchange ideas into try to build a community of folks who want to improve the online social media ecosystem.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00070-00072090-00072858": "James Mickens (he/him): In an important aspect of pillars three is that we want to make sure that we're empowering voices that aren't traditionally heard from.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00071-00072924-00073959": "James Mickens (he/him): When we look at the study of online social media, we want to make sure that we look at diversity broadly read terms of gender, religion, all these types of things.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00072-00074040-00075138": "James Mickens (he/him): And we want to make sure that we also have good coverage of different academic approaches towards understanding online social media so example outputs for.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00073-00075183-00076434": "James Mickens (he/him): This pillar include various types of public events conference write ups and maybe even curriculum for classes right so maybe even new ideas about how we should teach.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00074-00076539-00077103": "James Mickens (he/him): The sort of art and science of social media to students, not just in engineering classes.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00075-00077145-00077664": "James Mickens (he/him): Of course it's computer scientists who will build the infrastructure, but also in the field of design or in the field.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00076-00077700-00079194": "James Mickens (he/him): of public policy we want to make sure that we embed an understanding of how these social media ecosystems work across the curriculum and so with that I will now pass the baton over to Joanne.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00077-00079344-00079875": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): All right, thank you McKinsey so everyone, as you know, as you see.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00078-00080055-00081225": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): This institute sits within grand ambitions so there's a lot that we wish to change and change happens in a lot of different ways, but, of course, in order to make change tactical.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00079-00081330-00082293": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): A fellowship structure this fellowship structure is kind of very agile it's six months so Tony if you could go to the next slide what i'll talk through is.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00080-00082323-00082965": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): Some of the backend stuff so the application timeline i'll talk through a little bit of the structure of the fellowship itself.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00081-00083004-00084492": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): and also what we might be looking for, so all of this really is to create kind of a tactical structure in which a community of fellows can work together to make tangible and demonstrate progress.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00082-00084600-00086178": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): So, in terms of the application timeline You all know that the call was launched last week and may six will be the closing of the application, then we will go through a brief review period and you should for applicants, you should receive.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00083-00086289-00087702": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): offers to be received towards the end of May, so this is a pretty quick turnaround process for applications and for ones who've opened the application portal you'll see that, hopefully, it should not be too overwhelming, but our intention really is to.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00084-00087906-00088968": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): is to help clarify what kinds of projects could be accomplished within this kind of structure, so we want to hold grand ambitions, but we also want.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00085-00089037-00089649": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): tactical progress, so the application itself, hopefully, will help tease out some of these some of these details.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00086-00089748-00090768": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): So basically before the first week of June, we should have finalized our cohort and the fellowship itself will look to a kickoff in mid October.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00087-00090855-00092001": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): So next slide please and in terms of the fellowship itself, it will be a hybrid fellowship running for six months, with three periods in which folks are going to be together in person.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00088-00092067-00093384": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): So this will be a kickoff for one week in Cambridge in mid October and midpoint check in in January and in early April a one week final celebration.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00089-00093450-00094536": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): And then, in the interim, it is our intention that we keep the momentum momentum going so there will be structured check ins, there will be structured connections.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00090-00094566-00095547": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): With a broader network of folks at berkman client Center and the broader network of folks working on rebooting social media, including are visiting scholars and as well as.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00091-00095610-00096474": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): Many other projects that are ongoing, so this is meant to be an expansion of everybody's networks to help boost understanding and make connections and cross pollinate ideas.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00092-00096513-00097737": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): So all of this is to say, hopefully, this is a flexible enough structure to make tangible progress and also be a bigger platform for exploring ideas next slide please.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00093-00097848-00098676": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): So just to recap the logistics it'll be a six months fellowship it'll be part time or defining that.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00094-00098727-00100227": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): loosely and I think the the reason there is that we know every project is different and for projects that are ambitious, sometimes you need to you know, there will be surprises that come up so we trust fellows to structure their time as they see fit.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00095-00100344-00101523": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): And so, running from mid October to April with three weeks in person in Cambridge Massachusetts at Berkeley client Center itself, and then the remainder.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00096-00101607-00102911": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): hybrid and so, in terms of stipend we have 18,000 available for all fellows if needed, and then also We understand that there's travel involved to be together in person to build community, so we also are.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00097-00102945-00103899": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): Making any base travel assistance available, and we can discuss that on a case by case basis, so overall we're looking at a cohort of 12 to 15 assembly fellows.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00098-00103953-00104355": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): And so, beyond the stipend and beyond the community of of.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00099-00104408-00105501": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): fellows and that became the Community so there's also some additional university resources at harvard's itself to help with the work, so this includes workspace in the berkman clan Center.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00100-00105555-00106749": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): offices library access, so this includes everything you know journal subscriptions things to help with back and research potential audit courses, and this is if you're spending a lot more time.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00101-00106818-00107832": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): In Cambridge, then this is something that you will be able to discuss on a case by case basis with professors themselves and would have to get their approval.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00102-00107885-00109557": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): And then of course connecting connections to visiting scholars, who are part of the rebooting social media institute berkman client fellows are large and also the greater Harvard so lots of great folks doing related work on this next slide please.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00103-00109668-00110319": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): In a quick word on what we are looking for, so this is, from our perspective and we're also looking to be surprised so.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00104-00110382-00111126": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): If there are things that you believe, are you know, is really going to make a dent in this mission, then please tell us all about it in your application.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00105-00111171-00112385": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): So, first of all we're looking for uniqueness and that this is something that what you're proposing to do through this fellowship should be something that you can't do in another context, so that we want the support through.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00106-00112428-00113004": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): The fellowship and through the institute to be something that's going to create some unique impact.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00107-00113064-00113955": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): we're also looking for something that's well scoped so of course this is a six months fellowship and as part time, so we understand that you might be doing other things simultaneously.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00108-00113988-00115203": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): So what you're proposing to do, should be right sized for this structure and and something that should be tangible should be produced by the end so to the point of tangible outputs Is there something that will be.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00109-00115433-00116486": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): completed and demonstrated by the end of the six months, not to say that that thing is going to fix everything about our broken online information ecosystem, but nevertheless it should be something that.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00110-00116580-00117597": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): is very clearly demonstrating progress in the right direction and then finally future past, so does your proposed project have a potential pastor further develop.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00111-00117642-00118389": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): Beyond the fellowship so it's not something that's going to wrap up and be all end all but something that has a lot of potential to become something bigger.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00112-00118518-00119229": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): So with that there's a couple more additional considerations that i'll pass to my colleague Tony to talk about and I think we're already seeing some questions.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00113-00119250-00119742": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): floating in through chat that might be touched on that might touch on some of it so hopefully those will answer some of those questions, too.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00114-00119904-00121113": "Toni Gardner (she/her): Yes, so i'd like to just touch on a few more considerations, this is a professional level fellowship so only professional level applicants are eligible, and this could.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00115-00121208-00122295": "Toni Gardner (she/her): This can be people that are not full time students, but if you are a full time undergraduate masters level or PhD student, you are unfortunately not eligible for this program.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00116-00122364-00122628": "Toni Gardner (she/her): But we do have other programs that you may be interested in.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00117-00122673-00124308": "Toni Gardner (she/her): um in terms of international applicants We work very closely with the Harvard International Office becca here and a few other wonderful staff members at the berkman Center, and this is just support visa paperwork for eligible international fellows.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00118-00124374-00124883": "Toni Gardner (she/her): However, I will note that, given the restrictive nature of the H1 B sponsorship visa.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00119-00124929-00126450": "Toni Gardner (she/her): We regretfully, cannot accept H1 beholders into the program at this time, other visa types may or may not be eligible, but like I said we work closely with the International Office, and you know we can we can work to to get that checked out for you.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00120-00126531-00128043": "Toni Gardner (she/her): We also wanted to note that all participants will be required to sign a contributor license agreement or a cla, and this will need to be signed by both you and your home institution in order to assign appropriate rights to the work that comes out of the program Thank you.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00121-00128360-00129480": "Newman (she/her): Great so with that jonathan's a transit can actually speak a bit more about some previous assembly projects and i'd also like to ask those of you who can to try to put your.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00122-00129525-00130634": "Newman (she/her): Questions into the Q amp a tool, even though I said, both places were fine I actually think the Q amp a tool is better, so that they don't get lost in the stream of zoom chats, but we are tending to questions in both places.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00123-00130746-00131007": "Newman (she/her): And over to Jonathan to talk about some previous projects.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00124-00131036-00131130": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Thanks so much human.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00125-00131259-00132117": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): So our program here inherits a lot of the momentum and the structure and the spirit behind a program called assembly.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00126-00132222-00133779": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Assembly, I think lasted about five years and repeated iterations and the idea of assembly, was to allow people who aren't typically within academia to spend some time.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00127-00133833-00134676": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): On a campus and with other folks thinking about the public interest around the given topic, where the problems are thorny enough.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00128-00134721-00135876": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): And the understanding about how to solve them as fuzzy enough and the suspicion is that good solutions will require a lot of moving parts, at one time across disciplines and sectors.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00129-00136017-00137493": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): That pulling people together from different quarters, maybe could make a difference past assemblies included topics such as the ethics and governance of artificial intelligence cyber security and, as you can see from this slide.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00130-00137622-00138744": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): These are some projects that emerged from assembly driven nearly entirely by the participants who themselves had a mix of engineering policy product design.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00131-00138900-00139965": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Other sort of talents brought to the table and, as you can see that one of them is called a blind spot, that is an example of a sort of.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00132-00140139-00140859": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): runway that somebody typically on the consumer side at a company or institution is about to deploy some kind of machine learning.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00133-00140931-00141987": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): understands that there could be some problems lurking and a blind spot is at least able to take some of the known unknowns and help somebody on that consumer side.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00134-00142026-00142803": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): walk through some of the biggest questions about the data they're about to feed into the model that uses they have for it, etc, etc.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00135-00142854-00143916": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): And in fact that implicates a project right next door to it on the slide, which is the data nutrition project that Newman, among others, has been instrumental in and data nutrition.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00136-00143973-00145458": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): says it's amazing that data sets get passed around like kind of Christmas fruitcakes and you inherit that data, you feed your model with it, but have no particular idea of its limits it's bias sees what's within it.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00137-00145512-00146490": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): And so dmp is designed to facilitate the labeling of a data set by the people who are first creating it or adapting it.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00138-00146514-00147345": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): So that downstream users might have a better sense of what to expect, and maybe Newman, if there's anything you want to add about it but that's an example of something.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00139-00147408-00148602": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): That requires technical expertise and understanding of machine learning inputs and outputs and flaws and it requires a policy sense of.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00140-00148692-00150270": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): What future regulation might ask for and typically regulators don't like to ask for the impossible, so to be able to demonstrate that it's possible to meaningfully label data as a way of then having regulators consider subsidies or requirements or other.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00141-00150378-00151749": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): combinations of carrots and sticks to have people who are producing data that is being used in new systems think a little bit more about labeling it for each of these projects.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00142-00151866-00152565": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): they're really exploring areas where there hasn't been a lot of activity and.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00143-00152628-00153522": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Looking to raise the profile of the problem to hazard a solution to pilot it and then to see where it might go and that's very much the spirit.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00144-00153585-00154983": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): I think, in which we hope you would take up some of the projects here I think there's an enduring sense, including around the future of social media that there's not a whole lot of reflective kind of.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00145-00155169-00155697": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): supervision and thought around these things, and this solutions.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00146-00155784-00156888": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): For many of the problems, maybe not all of them aren't conceived of yet or written down and to have a group in the public interest, however, that is determined by each person.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00147-00156933-00157623": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): really thinking through these problems in a supportive environment and an intellectually challenging environment and in one that can help.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00148-00157674-00158919": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): provide links as needed industry to government other academics that's kind of what we're aiming for, with this program and what Assembly to my I did so well so maybe back to you Newman.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00149-00159396-00160851": "Newman (she/her): Great Thank you so much Thank you so much, Jonathan and just one last slide for you all here and then we're going to go to your terrific questions that are streaming in through multiple multiple channels Tony Would you mind just taking us to the last slide please.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00150-00161133-00162057": "Newman (she/her): Thank you so just to sum up as and then we'll go into discussion with this esteemed panel of folks i'm sitting beside me, virtually and.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00151-00162138-00162864": "Newman (she/her): This is really prioritizing folks who have a professional interest in social media and stewarding a healthy online information ecosystem.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00152-00162930-00164169": "Newman (she/her): Now you can be it doesn't have to be specifically one of the terms that we've used on the call for applicants, but if you're working in social media and you're doing this professionally or you care to be doing more of this professionally we would welcome an application from you.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00153-00164358-00165660": "Newman (she/her): were specifically prioritizing folks that already have a project in mind or already have a project underway, so that, during a six month part time fellowship, we can see the most impact from work.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00154-00165696-00166509": "Newman (she/her): And we've decided to you know prioritize for that, as this is an urgent problem and we want to see a lot of impact in a short period of time in this during this pop up Institute.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00155-00166653-00167544": "Newman (she/her): And of course we also are looking for expertise, since it's a professional fellowship and that would include in whether it's technical engineering policy work.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00156-00167625-00168168": "Newman (she/her): building institutions really thinking about what that means in this era that we're now living in and.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00157-00168225-00168927": "Newman (she/her): And if you also believe that you have something else that's another compelling reason or another compelling project that you would like to bring to us, please do apply.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00158-00168984-00169614": "Newman (she/her): And so, with that we are going to I think there's one more slide where you can find our contact information and there's also a.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00159-00169650-00170637": "Newman (she/her): General contact information on on our institute website, which we can also throw into the chat and with that we will open it up to questions, and so what I would suggest to.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00160-00170703-00171399": "Newman (she/her): My co panelists here is that we take a look at the questions in the Q amp a tool, I guess.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00161-00171441-00172299": "Newman (she/her): I can just MC here, and maybe i'll take a look at the questions in that in the Q amp a tool and then ask different folks to weigh in If that sounds good to everybody.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00162-00172344-00173172": "Newman (she/her): For those of you who have are having trouble accessing the Q amp a tool on your interface if you're, for example on a phone or something feel free to use the chat and we're doing our best to answer those.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00163-00173217-00173676": "Newman (she/her): as well, so the first question, I would actually like to throw back to Professor is a trend.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00164-00173769-00174972": "Newman (she/her): Which is how sorry have any past fellows use the fellowship as a functional startup incubator, that is, have any fellows founded startups to scale and expand the work product they created during the fellowship.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00165-00175005-00176268": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): that's a good question I don't know that that's happened with assembly, but there's no reason that couldn't or shouldn't that maybe it meshes a little bit with some of the licensing issues.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00166-00176415-00177528": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Our kind of commitment is to the public domain and the free exchange of ideas and then, if somebody wants to further run with the outputs of the program in some way.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00167-00177672-00178482": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Whether it's for profit, not for profit, you know, whatever it might be I think we'd be quite happy to see that happen.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00168-00178668-00178833": "Newman (she/her): Great Thank you and.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00169-00178959-00179964": "Newman (she/her): I think the The important thing is that this work is not going to be on, and this is something that was mentioned previously, this work will not be owned by your companies and this work would be intended to be for.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00170-00180042-00180654": "Newman (she/her): Social good in the public domain in some capacity, whether that spins into something else later.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00171-00180699-00181308": "Newman (she/her): it's not you know the intellectual property will not be owned by your professional organization, and that is paperwork that we need to.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00172-00181395-00182553": "Newman (she/her): Make sure is signed by off all fellows employers in advance the next question I would like to turn over to Professor mickens, how do we define social media, what about social media Jason technologies like Ai.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00173-00182730-00183345": "James Mickens (he/him): I love getting these wide ranging philosophical questions it's what is the matrix it's hard to say so, I think that.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00174-00183465-00184251": "James Mickens (he/him): You know we're taking a pretty broad view of what social media is very broadly speaking, we're thinking of social media as.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00175-00184350-00185412": "James Mickens (he/him): Online mechanisms that allow people who are possibly physically distant to communicate to collaborate to learn about news events to learn about other things.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00176-00185475-00187137": "James Mickens (he/him): that are happening sort of in real life and in virtual worlds, so if you think that what you're doing is sort of social media narrowly defined or social media Jason you should definitely apply, I think, with respect to the particular topic of Ai you know, the goal of this particular.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00177-00187248-00187902": "James Mickens (he/him): fellowship is not to focus sort of on a narrowly defined Ai projects, so you know if you have a specific.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00178-00187944-00188598": "James Mickens (he/him): burning desire to add more layers to neural nets don't let life change it go do it, you know embrace that fire.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00179-00188673-00189492": "James Mickens (he/him): But you know that's not probably appropriate for this fellowship now if you have a way to, for example, use machine learning to better.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00180-00189537-00190593": "James Mickens (he/him): Understand misinformation online or things like that to better identify instances of abuse of that that abuse can be a stop that's a great fit.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00181-00190623-00191523": "James Mickens (he/him): Right so, even if there would be sort of like a core Ai focus if it relates in some way to the online social media writ large that's great you should definitely apply.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00182-00191715-00192180": "Newman (she/her): hey Thank you so much, and another question we have is about.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00183-00192273-00193371": "Newman (she/her): Current employer, what about if your future employer is different than your current employer, what about students who are graduating in May, and it will be working industry before October so yeah these are good questions, so the fellowship is not.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00184-00193422-00194358": "Newman (she/her): open to full time students, if you it is really geared for professionals, if you happen to be graduating in May, and you will be a professional, in your view.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00185-00194400-00194988": "Newman (she/her): by October, then you are eligible to apply I would specify in your application if you're between.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00186-00195024-00196305": "Newman (she/her): Employers if you're a freelancer all of that stuff is fine, you don't have to work for a company to be eligible, we would like you to feel like you're muted or beyond mid career or beyond that's really who this is geared toward we have other programs that are geared towards more.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00187-00196440-00197208": "Newman (she/her): You know, early career folks so that is up to you to self define, but I would say yes just get as much specificity, as you can in your application.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00188-00197265-00198522": "Newman (she/her): And we have this follow up question from the same same person, which is around public health and, yes, of course, Kobe is legitimate concern and we are going to.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00189-00198570-00199674": "Newman (she/her): make good decisions responsible decisions based on how things are looking in October, we will would not want to put anybody at risk Harvard has been extremely responsible, in my view, and very proactive in terms of.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00190-00199698-00201102": "Newman (she/her): making recommendations that are well suited to everybody's well being so of course we're going to be sending out announcements, in June, and then we will make decisions as needed as the world changes and that's the reality that we live in now.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00191-00201333-00202158": "Newman (she/her): So we have another question, and maybe Joanne you would like to take this one is this program intended for non academics, or those in academia.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00192-00202206-00202968": "Newman (she/her): or those hoping to transition out of academia and interested in building practical applications of their research are those folks encouraged to apply.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00193-00203067-00204258": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): I think I would just reorient back to the pillars of this Institute and will we wish to accomplish through this fellowship is really anchored in technology and policy development and so.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00194-00204324-00205206": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): What that means is using the structure to build tangible and demonstrated outputs so this could be as Professor making said earlier, it could be code.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00195-00205287-00205779": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): It could be policy or it could be anything within that range of.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00196-00205857-00206921": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): You know it's hard to create any of these things, within six weeks part time right, but it should be demonstrated by parts of that so that is at least signals towards becoming something bigger.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00197-00206964-00207864": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): So I think in terms of your background to be able to do that, I think we are open minded So if you if you believe that.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00198-00207933-00208386": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): Your academic background gives you the kinds of knowledge to be able to do that, and you also have the skills.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00199-00208431-00209646": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): To work in technology policy development we welcome your application so we we don't want to make requirements just in terms of what resumes look good on paper but we're really encouraged towards the mission of the Institute.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00200-00209853-00211098": "Newman (she/her): paid, and thank you Joanne and i'm wondering if Professor determine if you could give some examples some concrete examples of non tangible outputs and and specific examples of like you don't want.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00201-00211158-00211791": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): It sounds like you may have been a part of us may have more examples of non tangible outputs within but um.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00202-00211926-00211971": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): well.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00203-00212130-00214421": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): I mean for Assembly at least least i'm there was a project called equalize which may even have been renamed since that started from the premise that it's all well and good, that Twitter and Facebook, for example on social media happened to strip out any excess data, which is to say.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00204-00214542-00215415": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): metadata around photos that we're constantly posting that have the location of where the photo was taken like down to like two meter resolution.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00205-00215457-00216623": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): And like that just you take the photo with a smartphone that comes with the photo and if that just got passed, along with your tweet or your insta post, even if you had otherwise location turned off.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00206-00216663-00217458": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): that'd be a huge privacy issue in it originally back in the day it was and so it's just good corporate practice to strip that out now.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00207-00217533-00218589": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): comes along something like clear view Ai that is scraping billions of images and associated tags off of social media against the terms of service of that social media.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00208-00218621-00219726": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): And then turning around an offering to those who can pay for it, a service to arbitrarily identify anyone in the world at any point if you've ever had their photo on social media.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00209-00219777-00221123": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): And that's like a disaster, I can't believe, that is, that is the state of things right now in 2022 so the equalized project on experimented with so called adversarial perturbations in machine learning as a way of.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00210-00221169-00221969": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): adding a little fuzzy to the photo not visible to the human eye, but that greatly confuses a categorization engine, like that of clear view and.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00211-00222066-00222714": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): That project was with an eye, not just towards having people have to run some software on their photos before they post them.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00212-00222813-00223383": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): But it's a demonstration so that platforms like Facebook and Twitter could responsibly as they do with exit date.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00213-00223458-00224391": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Add that fuzzing to make the life of a clear view a little bit harder that's an example of a project that has a tangible output, there was some running code that did the adversarial perturbation.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00214-00224423-00225446": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): That was sensitive to some of the lowercase people clinical dynamics of trying to get the companies on board once it was demonstrated to kind of help their own customers.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00215-00225480-00226164": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Privacy along a little bit and that's an example of thinking about new institutions or institutional relationships.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00216-00226230-00228171": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): for allocating responsibility for these big problems that nobody owns right now, nobody is taking responsibility for owning so that to me, is an example of an output sensitive to multiple moving parts that is both tangible and intangible and perhaps quite useful to the world.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00217-00228327-00228546": "James Mickens (he/him): And one thing i'll just add there really quickly.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00218-00228617-00229506": "James Mickens (he/him): You know, in terms of like what is a non tangible output look like like what are we not looking like I you know it's kind of tricky right, I think the way that we're thinking about it, though, is that.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00219-00229536-00230492": "James Mickens (he/him): We really want the fellowship participants here to be generative and then not be doing like quote unquote just academic work, and I say this, by the way, as an academic.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00220-00230523-00231462": "James Mickens (he/him): Like i'm talking about sometimes the things that you know people in my spirit do but, for example, things that we wouldn't be as excited about are you know very theoretical.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00221-00231519-00232275": "James Mickens (he/him): Academic papers that you know don't have a lot of near term relevancy to the way that social media is currently used today.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00222-00232335-00233238": "James Mickens (he/him): Right that's a fine output, you know just in general, you know we need sort of that type of research being done, but I think we're looking for for work that has.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00223-00233294-00234371": "James Mickens (he/him): A greater likelihood of being impactful in the short to medium term that's grounded in sort of current challenges that we have with respect to misinformation or online abuse or things like that.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00224-00234462-00235638": "James Mickens (he/him): And that sort of is is an artifact that other people in the field could look at and say that's great it's very relevant right now I could pick this up or I could hand this to someone else and they could start running with this and start making.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00225-00235710-00235971": "James Mickens (he/him): A really impactful and fairly immediate change.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00226-00236112-00237078": "Newman (she/her): Thanks so much i'm becca Would you mind speaking to the question around How does this fit into the broader family of berkman program the perfect line Center programs and affiliations.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00227-00237123-00237216": "Newman (she/her): or thanks Newman.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00228-00237237-00238392": "Toni Gardner (she/her): um it's a great question because it's something that we are thinking a lot about to as the Center develops new slates of programs new ways of bringing people together and new ways of fostering Community I think one of the greatest.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00229-00238425-00239400": "Toni Gardner (she/her): contributions that we make as a Center is bringing people together in dialogue, and so the rsm assembly fellowships are definitely designed.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00230-00239430-00240269": "Toni Gardner (she/her): To be in conversation with broader parts of the berkman climate community, we will be having all Community events where everybody will be put in touch.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00231-00240369-00241134": "Toni Gardner (she/her): There will be different ways of asynchronously communicating through list serves and discussion boards and other stuff within the Community internally.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00232-00241266-00242181": "Toni Gardner (she/her): There are different types of interventions that we have at the Center through working groups and discussion groups and people swinging through where we're going to be working to invite.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00233-00242205-00243017": "Toni Gardner (she/her): All people who are under the umbrella at the berkman client community and sort of mixing up ways that people can meet one another can share ideas.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00234-00243057-00244191": "Toni Gardner (she/her): Whether that's on a specific topic substantively or whether it's a specific mode or method or way that somebody does work those different ways of gathering.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00235-00244263-00245196": "Toni Gardner (she/her): are done here, and we fully expect folks from the assembly of fellowship to be participating in those things as well, and then, finally, I think.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00236-00245241-00246405": "Toni Gardner (she/her): You know the broader berkman client community is here in his around the world, and we always want to help to facilitate connections ways of people helping one another we're very privileged to be.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00237-00246446-00247437": "Toni Gardner (she/her): bringing together people who are generous and curious and who want to engage with one another, so that's definitely one of the the benefits of being in the program and being part of the network.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00238-00247584-00247683": "Toni Gardner (she/her): and obligations.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00239-00247878-00248148": "Newman (she/her): Thank you so much becca and let's see.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00240-00248319-00249165": "Newman (she/her): Given the interdisciplinary nature of our work, our folks able to collaborate with colleagues within the cohort different projects to life, for example, or policy folks be able to pair up with engineers within the cohort.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00241-00249201-00249804": "Newman (she/her): If so, what would you expect to see an application to reflect this or is expected that each individual deliver one project.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00242-00249828-00250578": "Newman (she/her): Many things so we've had a number of questions along these lines, and this is a departure from previous assembly fellowships so it's good to note this.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00243-00250605-00251253": "Newman (she/her): We are allowing we are encouraging folks to apply as individuals with a project idea, ideally, something that.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00244-00251316-00252012": "Newman (she/her): is already somewhat underway and would really benefit from this six month fellowship and the platform that rsm and Harvard provides.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00245-00252069-00252861": "Newman (she/her): That said, we all can't do everything in some cases folks have teammates we are only accepting individual applications, however, if you.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00246-00252882-00253827": "Newman (she/her): are accepted, and you have others on your team that you might be working with that's fine you can be the representative and the fellowship of your team to this question, in particular, if you.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00247-00253914-00255225": "Newman (she/her): You know, are working on a project, and you have others within your cohort who have certain skills that maybe they can contribute absolutely we encourage that the benefit of doing something that's interdisciplinary is to allow this kind of cross pollination, but.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00248-00255315-00256263": "Newman (she/her): different from previous assembly years we really are prioritizing the spirit of impactful work that is going to make you know meaningful change in the world projects that.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00249-00256305-00257192": "Newman (she/her): already have some drive behind them and where you believe that you are, you are able without needing a team of folks that you're looking for within the fellowship.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00250-00257250-00258069": "Newman (she/her): to sort of execute on this i'm not sure if that answers it fully i'm not sure if others Joanne maybe want to chime in here to clarify anything.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00251-00258489-00259164": "Newman (she/her): Basically, we don't know we don't always know exactly what's going to happen, but we want you to come in with an idea that you feel confident that you can undertake.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00252-00259191-00259380": "Newman (she/her): And then the magic of a fellowship happens.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00253-00259398-00260100": "Newman (she/her): And you meet amazing people and they help in unexpected ways, but we're not designing for that, so if that makes sense.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00254-00260265-00260571": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): I think this is a it's kind of a chicken and egg question right like.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00255-00260646-00261606": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): We want to create the openness and the potential for great things to happen and those things could include serendipitous collaboration, because we hope to recruit a cohort of amazing people.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00256-00261663-00262617": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): But That being said, showing up without an agenda tends to not produce good outcomes, by the end of six months, so for folks were coming in, we intend.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00257-00262644-00263667": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): For them to have a clear sense of a roadmap of what they hope to do, and I think that also, we hope, will make it easier for finding collaborations and sparking collaborations so.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00258-00263754-00265020": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): Not having anything carved in stone, but we are very open and again I think our intent is to create demonstrable impact through this fellowship so we're open to any and all ways to achieve that.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00259-00265224-00266028": "Newman (she/her): Great and we have another question, I think, Professor is a trend i'd like to turn this one to you I work as an executive for a social media company to the project, need to be.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00260-00266169-00267138": "Newman (she/her): collaborated with are deployed by our company and we use resources of the company, but or how would the agreement, the cla with company look look like.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00261-00267186-00268227": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): yeah the cla in the past for Assembly has been intentionally quite simple and the kind of thing that is meant to sort of go down easy for a company that's like what is this now.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00262-00268278-00269259": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): And having the company understand that this is really valuable professional development within their workforce and that it's an employee taking initiative.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00263-00269340-00270105": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): While sometimes it's taken a while to get the cla is signed off upon because you know it goes through process at the respective companies.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00264-00270276-00271308": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): I think they've always come through i've never seen an instance in which it hasn't worked out, but that's in part because the cla is you know pretty simple and direct and for the clear purpose.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00265-00271347-00272319": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): of being able to have kind of the way an attorney at a law firm might do pro bono work for the world Okay, this is a section of.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00266-00272376-00273504": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): The job that is pro bono for the for the benefit of the public and that attorney might be using some of the resources of the law firm to do it there, you know typing on a computer that's a work computer.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00267-00273618-00274653": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): or using some element of you know, legal research that is subsidized by the firm and so similar there might be elements of that the cla is meant to say.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00268-00274713-00275688": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Whatever is going through this program is something that is part of what goes to the world so i'm the substance if you're at a particular company.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00269-00275751-00277059": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Your idea could be something that doesn't particularly implicate the company imagine you work one place but you're really into Wikipedia and you have some idea of how Wikipedia can have a content moderation system that etc, etc.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00270-00277104-00277875": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): And in that sense, I actually see Wikipedia itself as a form of social media taking Professor because his broad view of what social media is.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00271-00277917-00278646": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): But you also might say, you know what within my company if we were able to implement the following feature, and at the same time.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00272-00278697-00279621": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): If we implemented this feature in our service or our software and there were somebody else that was able to do X and it was clear from a regulatory perspective that.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00273-00279696-00280107": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): We wouldn't be stepping on any toes, then that would be really cool.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00274-00280155-00281298": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): that's a project for which it would kind of be up to the participant to see what's the right amount of institutional commitment and buy into that idea before proposing but being able, just to.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00275-00281352-00282204": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): test something out to play with it, and then to figure out when does it become a pilot and when does that pilot become something.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00276-00282249-00282966": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): aiming towards prime time all of those are steps that might happen, even after the fellowships happened, it would just in the application be good to say.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00277-00283038-00283761": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): exactly where things stand, and you know what your sense of your own project it so it could be within the company could be outside of it.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00278-00283950-00285186": "Newman (she/her): Great Thank you, and then we have another source, we have about 10 more minutes we're getting through as many of these as we can, and thanks to you all for such terrific questions and for the panelists for these rapid fire responses.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00279-00285324-00285975": "Newman (she/her): sorry about that um The next question i'd like to turn to Professor mickens, which is what is this perspective.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00280-00285999-00287172": "Newman (she/her): Of rsm on boundary pushing work, for example, how would the Institute respond to a project about the social norms behind nudity policies and algorithms and social media platforms specifically my work.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00281-00287196-00287766": "Newman (she/her): asks questions about the impact of these models on the LGBT community women and sex workers.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00282-00288030-00288210": "Newman (she/her): So boundary pushing what do we think about that.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00283-00288255-00289161": "James Mickens (he/him): Great I think we are, we are plus one on that, I think that you know, one of the big things that we want to do with the Institute is make sure that communities who.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00284-00289287-00290124": "James Mickens (he/him): have been traditionally sort of under focused upon don't don't try to do this sentence tree on that the grammar is jacked up, but people who have not been studied as extensively.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00285-00290178-00291021": "James Mickens (he/him): These people use social media to, and so I think it's it's actually something that we we seek out to have sort of a broad portfolio of projects.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00286-00291042-00291846": "James Mickens (he/him): You know, some of these products may end up looking quote unquote very technical, some may end up looking quote unquote very, very social science heavy.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00287-00291927-00292713": "James Mickens (he/him): You know, and not focus as much on some of the nuts and bolts of how the packets get sent around the Internet or things like that, but at a high level, I think we encourage.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00288-00292785-00293511": "James Mickens (he/him): proposals that will look at some unexplored areas of the social media space so yeah I think we would encourage you to apply.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00289-00293700-00293916": "Newman (she/her): Great thanks, thank you, Professor mickens.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00290-00294054-00294285": "Newman (she/her): All right, Joanna turn this one to you.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00291-00294444-00295497": "Newman (she/her): The project i'm hoping to pitches for a global self context that tends towards high touch and not high tech it involves mentorship low data is human and not data.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00292-00295536-00296466": "Newman (she/her): Sorry, is human and not data centered and is focused around annotation using a fact checking framework, none of these words are used in the call does this still resonate.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00293-00296562-00296784": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): So i'll say two things one is that.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00294-00296967-00298329": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): Projects like this certainly are important to improving the broader state of the Global Information ecosystem and social media, so I think looking at projects like this specifically.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00295-00298389-00299550": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): If we were to evaluate them on their merit, certainly, you know there's it's hard to object to them, I think the way I think about projects like this is how it's kind of going back to the first.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00296-00299625-00301125": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): criteria that I talked about earlier, which is uniqueness, how does this project stand to uniquely benefit from the structure of this fellowship so what that means is this timeframe of six months, a hybrid approach collaboration with.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00297-00301278-00302097": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): collaboration with other folks who are specifically focused on technology and policy but also brought our academics we're also going to be present.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00298-00302139-00302862": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): At Harvard who are the visiting scholars so with all of this and also Harvard as a platform would that benefit this project.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00299-00302886-00304239": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): and in what ways with this benefit that project, so I would orient it less on the specifics of the project itself, but more What about this structure could help accelerate the project that you're talking about So hopefully that answers the question.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00300-00304527-00304668": "Newman (she/her): Great thanks so much Joanne.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00301-00304785-00304911": "Newman (she/her): All right, let's see.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00302-00305022-00305385": "Newman (she/her): Tony Do you see any questions jumping out that you'd like to touch on.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00303-00305937-00306381": "Newman (she/her): i'll grab one while you're looking Tony so there's a question about professional or academic references.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00304-00306408-00307365": "Newman (she/her): Either one of those is fine, the purpose of the references is folks who know you know, the quality of your work know the type of person, you are and can speak to those things, so it.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00305-00307413-00308841": "Newman (she/her): can be academic references, it can be professional references from industry is really dependent on the person and it's really whoever will best it's it's less about having a big fancy name and much more about somebody who can speak to what you would bring as an individual to this fellowship.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00306-00309516-00310590": "Newman (she/her): Okay, that we have another so there's understandably a lot of interest in this idea of you know potential collaboration and we don't want to discourage collaboration, so there is another question it.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00307-00310728-00311793": "Newman (she/her): Will participants, be able to take part in each other's proposals at an early stage to find affinities, yes, I do kickoff weekend October, which will be one week in residence coven you know safety permitting.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00308-00311862-00312414": "Newman (she/her): In mid October will be a chance to be like a one week design sprint where folks will be.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00309-00312444-00313536": "Newman (she/her): Creating roadmaps challenged about their ideas thinking about the ways in which this fellowship can be particularly valuable to what they're trying to do, and absolutely should there be synergies across projects or.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00310-00313560-00314355": "Newman (she/her): Across individuals that would be the time to unpack That, however, we do want people to come in with ideas of what they would like to accomplish, and so we are.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00311-00314454-00315003": "Newman (she/her): We don't want you to expect like tend to come in and say, well, I need to find two engineers and like.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00312-00315036-00315771": "Newman (she/her): A front end designer and also, I need a policy expert we wouldn't let you to come in with those needs, because folks are going to have other things that they want to do, but.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00313-00315798-00316758": "Newman (she/her): We do want to attract folks that are collaborative in nature, generous and interdisciplinary and, as we said before, we will encourage that kind of magic to happen.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00314-00317112-00318117": "Toni Gardner (she/her): i'm seeing a question, do you already have an inbox full of referrals and projects that need staffing or help or That would be good for a fellowship applicant to work on.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00315-00318180-00319143": "Toni Gardner (she/her): And I think the answer for this particular program is no, we really are looking for unique and new projects, but if anybody else wants to elaborate that please feel free to jump in.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00316-00319395-00320160": "Newman (she/her): yeah I think that's you know that's exactly right where the projects can be gone under way that ought to be brand new but we aren't going to be assigned a new projects.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00317-00320196-00320874": "Newman (she/her): there's a lot of projects in the world that folks are working on, we want you to bring those to this fellowship to continue working on them and.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00318-00320904-00321513": "Newman (she/her): There are as joanne's and others have mentioned a cohort of visiting scholars coming in, that will be working on their research.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00319-00321534-00322389": "Newman (she/her): There is other kinds of programming, there are you know students at ALS and broadly there's a great cohort of brooklyn client fellows coming in.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00320-00322419-00322839": "Newman (she/her): I can see becca doing the little fellows dance for those who it's going to be an amazing community but.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00321-00322866-00323784": "Newman (she/her): The fellows coming into the rsm assembly fellowship will not be assigned projects or will not have a menu of projects to choose from, it is up to you to propose something in your application.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00322-00324087-00324450": "Newman (she/her): Okay, we have a question to any social media companies provide funding to the Institute.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00323-00324519-00325596": "Newman (she/her): And is there a perfect potential conflict of interest if a proposed fellowship project is a threat to the existing business models of these social media companies, I think, professors are trained well any of us could answer this but furniture professors a trim.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00324-00325614-00326034": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): It would be seriously unfortunate if you're like yes, we only want ideas that are.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00325-00326052-00327060": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Completely aligned with the existing business models, with the company so know that place that setting up for a bad clip That is exactly not what we are saying.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00326-00327207-00328284": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): You know it's a little trite to invoke you know the Harvard veritas motto, but the whole point here is to have a demilitarized zone where ideas get tested.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00327-00328389-00329616": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): On criteria and on merits and define what those merits are argue about what would be good figure out what the data would be that would help show what's good or what's bad under the criteria and the values we're talking about.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00328-00329658-00330264": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): All of that can be foreground and, in fact, for our participants, I think, often from the commercial sector.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00329-00330366-00331743": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): It can its way, be just quite expanding to not have front and Center wait a minute is this completely aligned with some other person at the company is idea of corporate strategy, the purpose here is.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00330-00331788-00332979": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Again, to conceive oneself, or what the public interest is and work on it, and I can speak more generally, I think, in my thinking about the Institute for rebooting social media.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00331-00333198-00333936": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): we're not just we're not just saying unplug it and plug it back in it'll it'll go back to the state, it was in before it somehow messed up.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00332-00334014-00335202": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): But rather really thinking about what are practical doable plausible short medium term incremental interventions and by whom.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00333-00335274-00337047": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): And the other things are like what would a clean slate look like what if we had completely different incentives for different pieces of the ecosystem producing the social media, we have right now, and those are also questions we're really eager to ask and try to answer so.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00334-00337191-00338169": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): No it's, it is not might be worth describing those conflicts with business models, as part of just the This is why this might be hard to do.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00335-00338211-00339675": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): But there's not some central filter of us with that and no we're not taking funding from any of the social media companies, we do have funding, because without it we wouldn't have funding and we list our donors, which include.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00336-00339816-00340494": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): The Craig newmark philanthropies Reid Hoffman a knight foundation.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00337-00340620-00341379": "Jonathan Zittrain (he/him): Our 12 foundation and am I missing anybody at the moment that's that's who we have so far yeah.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00338-00341472-00342261": "Newman (she/her): And just to add on to that one of the exciting things about this fellowship is specifically that because we have fundraised in advance for the fellowship.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00339-00342318-00343293": "Newman (she/her): Critical work as welcome it's not funded by social media companies and it's we ought to be critical, and we are critical and that's one of the reasons that this pop up Institute.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00340-00343353-00344220": "Newman (she/her): decided to take three years to address and tackle some of the challenges with social media, rather than the predecessor program which was one year, at a time, it was like well.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00341-00344250-00344817": "Newman (she/her): We can do this much in one year why don't we give it full three years and really see see what we can do in that time.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00342-00344937-00345993": "Newman (she/her): So we're going to we have we're going five minutes over For those of you would like to stay thanks again for all the terrific questions we're going to try to get to sorry about the noise, if you can hear that i'm going to try to get to the last couple.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00343-00346056-00346767": "Newman (she/her): That we have and, as you know, there's an a contact email on the website if we didn't get to your question, or if you have another question that comes up.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00344-00346899-00347664": "Newman (she/her): there's a question about and Joanne, I would like to try this one over to you from can you speak to how fully conceptualized project project proposals need to be.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00345-00347703-00348267": "Newman (she/her): For example, is it worth applying if you have a general idea of what you want to accomplish but don't yet have much of a roadmap.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00346-00348402-00348555": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): I would say absolutely.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00347-00348570-00349923": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): So the way I might think about this is, if you have a concrete sense of what the problem is so if you have a clear problem definition, but you might not know exactly how to build something or what might solve that problem absolutely so.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00348-00350055-00351150": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): I think in the other way, maybe, if you have something that you are building, but you might be still flushing out the problem that's fine too so it's not like you need to have a full fledged plan for what you plan on doing.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00349-00351213-00352386": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): But more that if you have kind of a unique perspective on a problem that you wish to solve within this very huge space, so you know not so an example, might be.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00350-00352620-00353469": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): Like the business model behind corporate vc fund a social media is broken i'm gonna solve that that's too big right, but if you have something that's like.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00351-00353511-00354234": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): A little more specific and I won't give any examples, because I think that my bias you but you kind of get get the idea so.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00352-00354303-00355887": "Joanne Cheung (she/her): You know if he even for policy you can't just say like okay like rethink anti trust like that might be too big, so you don't need a specific plan, but at least have a have a bite sized problem that's tackle within six months period.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00353-00356172-00357030": "Newman (she/her): Thanks Joanne we have a question about continuing affiliation with because he became see For those of you who are just coming to this acronym is for the brooklyn Klein Center.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00354-00357177-00357450": "Newman (she/her): Becker Professor mickens which one of you like to speak to that.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00355-00357741-00357822": "James Mickens (he/him): yeah becca go for.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00356-00357915-00358542": "Toni Gardner (she/her): happy to i'm kind of like hotel California, you can check out, but you never leave right at the berkman Center.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00357-00358641-00359391": "Toni Gardner (she/her): You know I speak of privileges and I think one of the great privileges, we have, as an institution is really being able to maintain relationships.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00358-00359412-00360546": "Toni Gardner (she/her): with people who come through our networks and continue to turn back to them, they continue to turn to us in different ways, and sometimes that relationship is formal if it's fitting for that person.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00359-00360576-00361266": "Toni Gardner (she/her): To hold a different role or be collaborating with the Center through one of our other programs or forums other times it's informal.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00360-00361311-00362535": "Toni Gardner (she/her): The most important thing is that you know affiliation isn't necessary in order to do good work together so that's something we're really proud of and happy to foster amongst the Community, so it depends.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00361-00362589-00363255": "Toni Gardner (she/her): As far as formality but as far as opportunities and ways to continue to remain part of the network, absolutely no question, there.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00362-00363414-00363858": "James Mickens (he/him): And I think that's one of the things that I like the most about the Community that it is a community.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00363-00363885-00364614": "James Mickens (he/him): And there are plenty of people who, for example, gone through prior assembly fellowships that I still staying in touch with we still brainstorm about things.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00364-00364644-00365409": "James Mickens (he/him): And like in a certain sense, like whether that's like an official bk see collaboration or not, almost as besides the point you know it's really that you know you've met someone.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00365-00365466-00365931": "James Mickens (he/him): You have a good connection with them their Community you continue to talk and that's really, the important thing.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00366-00366210-00366942": "Newman (she/her): Great so we've answered the questions all the questions in the Q amp a I know that some questions have come in through the chat that we haven't gone to.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00367-00366963-00367500": "Newman (she/her): in as much detail as we would like, but for those of you have a question that's particular to your individual case.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00368-00367530-00368286": "Newman (she/her): feel free to send us an email about that particular circumstance, we tried to answer the questions that were most applicable to the broad group that's attending today.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00369-00368370-00369852": "Newman (she/her): And with that Thank you to everybody here, and thanks to all of you for coming, and we will be posting this on our website soon and so feel free to revisit it and review any answers that you forgot that we already said.", "iZP0peoQ4R8-00370-00370104-00370194": "Newman (she/her): Thanks everybody."}}, {"audio_id": "ianHOZ-efcU", "text": {"ianHOZ-efcU-00000-00000296-00000396": "India, S-4 rapist, Russia $ 5 million in advance Delhi", "ianHOZ-efcU-00012-00003459-00003752": "India, S-4 rapist, Russia $ 5 million in advance Delhi", "ianHOZ-efcU-00025-00006729-00006995": "India, S-4 rapist, Russia $ 5 million in advance Delhi", "ianHOZ-efcU-00041-00010717-00010986": "India, S-4 rapist, Russia $ 5 million in advance Delhi", "ianHOZ-efcU-00059-00015072-00015322": "India, S-4 rapist, Russia $ 5 million in advance Delhi"}}, {"audio_id": "iaA7TLmCLF0", "text": {"iaA7TLmCLF0-00000-00000664-00001071": "Did you like that sloshing sound of the waves crashing the riprap?", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00001-00001071-00001567": "This is what we're gonna see in some waterfront properties in Lake Wylie.", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00002-00001567-00001960": "are you thinking of buying a waterfront home for sale on lake wylie in north", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00003-00001960-00002335": "carolina or south carolina what are the waterfront", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00004-00002335-00002856": "homes for sale going for are there homes for sale on the main", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00005-00002856-00003239": "channel or on the coves stay tuned because", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00006-00003239-00004568": "these are the topics that i will be talking about today", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00007-00004568-00004896": "hi my name is lynn alvarez a realtor with the ally group", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00008-00004896-00005200": "of exp realty in charlotte north carolina", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00009-00005200-00005623": "i create youtube videos about real estate neighborhood tours", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00010-00005623-00006055": "and tips and tricks for home buyers and home sellers", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00011-00006055-00006551": "lake wylie a man-made lake is located on the south and north carolina border", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00012-00006551-00007240": "and has 13 400 acres of surface area and 325 miles of shoreline south", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00013-00007240-00007888": "carolina cities that are on lake wiley are tega kay lake wylie", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00014-00007888-00008624": "fort mill clover york and rock hill the north carolina cities", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00015-00008624-00009407": "are charlotte zip code 28278 and belmont 28012", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00016-00009407-00009992": "as of july 23 2020 there are 47 waterfront homes for sale on lake wiley", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00017-00009992-00010511": "ranging from 564 999", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00018-00010511-00011079": "to 6 million 190 000 i'm going to show you the least", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00019-00011079-00011415": "expensive waterfront home for sale in lake wylie", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00020-00011415-00011720": "located in the beautiful golf and waterfront community", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00021-00011720-00012079": "called the palisades this home is a new construction", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00022-00012079-00012520": "and should be finished very soon it has four bedrooms", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00023-00012520-00013259": "three full baths car garage with 2 858 square feet and listed at", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00024-00013259-00014000": "564 999 see its location on delay as of this", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00025-00014000-00014287": "date next is the most expensive lake wiley", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00026-00014287-00014823": "waterfront home listed at 6 million 190 000", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00027-00014823-00015184": "it is located in a prestigious waterfront community called", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00028-00015184-00015647": "the sanctuary in charlotte this stunning beauty sits on an", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00029-00015647-00016200": "11 acre wooded lot with 1900 feet of shoreline", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00030-00016200-00016792": "it has six bedrooms eight full baths three half baths eight car garage wow", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00031-00016792-00017159": "that's incredible and a spectacular pool with two", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00032-00017159-00017551": "waterfalls are you looking for a new construction", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00033-00017551-00018015": "home on the water this european style home is located in", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00034-00018015-00018312": "belmont north carolina to be built with a", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00035-00018312-00018904": "proposed december 2020 completion date this home with four bedrooms three full", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00036-00018904-00019264": "baths two half baths three car garage has a", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00037-00019264-00019704": "master bedroom down and a basement buy it at one million", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00038-00019704-00020215": "hundred forty five thousand dollars some people have different criteria when", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00039-00020215-00020704": "they look for a home some love the sunset so how about this", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00040-00020704-00020984": "home with its southwest oriented backyard", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00041-00020984-00021464": "to enjoy a beautiful sunset this lovely property has an", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00042-00021464-00021951": "unobstructed main channel view on a peninsula shaped lot", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00043-00021951-00022464": "this four bedroom three and a half bath home in a gated country club community", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00044-00022464-00022936": "can be yours for one million three hundred ninety five thousand dollars", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00045-00022936-00023279": "disclosure the properties i've mentioned are not", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00046-00023279-00023615": "brokered by our company however because of", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00047-00023615-00024168": "idx reciprocity they are on our website and that is why i can tell you more", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00048-00024168-00024528": "about them if you want to schedule an appointment", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00049-00024528-00025136": "please give me a call at 704-975-2429 or you can look down", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00050-00025136-00025704": "below and schedule an appointment it's very easy to navigate our website", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00051-00025704-00026063": "just click the property on the map and it will take you to the detailed", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00052-00026063-00026488": "information of the home please log in by typing your name email", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00053-00026488-00026832": "address and phone number once you're registered", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00054-00026832-00027256": "you can go back to your website anytime this is so much easier and", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00055-00027256-00027744": "faster than going to zillow trulia or realtor.com where you need to", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00056-00027744-00028191": "contact an agent first before seeing homes on their website", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00057-00028191-00028624": "there are many beautiful waterfront homes for sale in belmont north carolina", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00058-00028624-00028983": "which is north of lake wylie and west of charlotte", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00059-00028983-00029583": "tega kay waterfront homes for sale charlotte nc waterfront homes for sale", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00060-00029583-00029944": "clover south carolina waterfront homes for sale", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00061-00029944-00030472": "waterfront new construction homes for sale even lake wylie waterfront lots for", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00062-00030472-00030847": "sale can be found on our website at living in", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00063-00030847-00031183": "greater charlotte.com", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00064-00031256-00031672": "if you're also interested in lake norman waterfront homes for sale", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00065-00031672-00032008": "or mountain island lake waterfront homes for sale", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00066-00032008-00032544": "or any type of property in different cities or neighborhoods", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00067-00032544-00032847": "they are available on our website which is", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00068-00032847-00033319": "living in greater charlotte.com are you thinking of purchasing a home", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00069-00033319-00033816": "soon or maybe in a year or two by the time you make a decision on", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00070-00033816-00034216": "buying a waterfront home in lake wylie there are new listings on", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00071-00034216-00034591": "the market but don't worry our website has new", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00072-00034591-00034984": "properties for sale in lake valley and other areas we cover", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00073-00034984-00035568": "every hour and every day we have a lot of out-of-town buyers looking to buy", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00074-00035568-00035896": "waterfront properties in lake wylie lake norman", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00075-00035896-00036336": "and mountain island lake if you're thinking of relocating to charlotte", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00076-00036336-00036736": "north carolina we will send you a relocation guide", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00077-00036736-00037256": "please see the description below thank you for watching if you liked this", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00078-00037256-00037528": "video and you learned something about lake wylie", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00079-00037528-00037944": "please make a comment below please hit that like button", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00080-00037944-00038496": "subscribe and click that bell button so you'll be notified every time we have", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00081-00038496-00039040": "a new video as always thank you for watching i'm lynn", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00082-00039040-00039568": "alvarez a realtor with the ali group of exp realty in charlotte north carolina", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00083-00039568-00039968": "if you have any questions about lake wally and the surrounding areas", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00084-00039968-00040968": "please call or text me at 704-975-2429 or you can send me an email at lynn", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00085-00040968-00042384": "@lynnalvarez.com thank you again and i hope to talk to you soon", "iaA7TLmCLF0-00086-00042528-00042736": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "iaCUjqybhHQ", "text": {"iaCUjqybhHQ-00000-00000238-00000418": "Let’s learn Hangeul joyfully", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00001-00000438-00000810": "siot, siot, siot, siot", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00002-00000834-00001198": "/s/ /s/ siot, /s/ /s/ siot", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00003-00001200-00001928": "sa, seo, so, su, seu, si", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00004-00001928-00002128": "one more time", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00005-00002128-00002852": "sa, seo, so, su, seu, si", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00006-00002896-00003088": "Let's put vowels on a consonant", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00007-00003088-00003304": "put a(아) on siot(ㅅ)", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00008-00003328-00003856": "sa, sa, sa, sa, sa, sa, sa", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00009-00003884-00004708": "saja(lion)", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00010-00004752-00004940": "put eo(어) on siot(ㅅ)", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00011-00004940-00005496": "seo, seo, seo, seo, seo, seo, seo", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00012-00005496-00006340": "seolab(drawer)", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00013-00006388-00006572": "put o(오) on siot(ㅅ)", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00014-00006572-00007188": "so, so, so, so, so, so, so", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00015-00007228-00008012": "sogeum(salt)", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00016-00008068-00008248": "put u(우) onsiot(ㅅ)", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00017-00008272-00008836": "su, su, su, su, su, su, su", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00018-00008836-00009684": "subag(watermelon)", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00019-00009716-00009880": "put eu(으) on siot(ㅅ)", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00020-00009940-00010504": "seu, seu, seu, seu, seu, seu, seu", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00021-00010540-00011308": "seupikeo(speaker)", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00022-00011360-00011548": "put i(이) on siot(ㅅ)", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00023-00011580-00012140": "si, si, si, si, si, si, si", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00024-00012176-00012988": "siso(seesaw)", "iaCUjqybhHQ-00025-00013032-00013340": "Hangul is really easy"}}, {"audio_id": "iaUbNoqdXwU", "text": {"iaUbNoqdXwU-00000-00000000-00000460": "A couple of years ago, our coalition did a pedestrian plan for the city of Eufaula,", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00001-00000493-00000774": "and this is one of the projects", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00002-00000774-00001084": "that we were able to do with the funding we received from Al Pro Health.", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00003-00001127-00001401": "So Alabama Extension, the City of Eufaula", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00004-00001454-00001871": "Youth Leadership, are over here today to help us lay out everything", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00005-00001871-00002325": "as far as the take, the paint, putting in a few more parking spots.", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00006-00002325-00002679": "And one of the reasons we really need this is we moved in a traffic study.", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00007-00002699-00003069": "People were just going everywhere on this intersection, didn't know", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00008-00003069-00003256": "when to stop, didn't know into yield.", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00009-00003256-00003463": "So this is really going to help the traffic pattern.", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00010-00003483-00003707": "And this is really a testbed to show off", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00011-00003707-00004010": "how it can be used across the city and across the state of Alabama.", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00012-00004144-00004414": "It's particularly important for this intersection", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00013-00004414-00004501": "because we've noticed that", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00014-00004501-00004898": "there's a lot of activity in downtown Eufaula and a lot of cross", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00015-00004901-00005301": "traffic between pedestrians, cyclists and vehicles that we need to make sure", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00016-00005301-00005602": "that they interact safely and use the intersection as intended.", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00017-00005628-00005895": "And roundabouts are a great way to control that movement.", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00018-00005895-00006102": "And slow everybody down so it's easy to get through.", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00019-00006139-00006433": "This has been an amazing collaborative effort between", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00020-00006486-00006766": "Alabama Extension, the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department,", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00021-00006806-00006973": "and the city of Eufaula.", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00022-00006973-00007364": "We have worked really well together, and it's amazing, even today,", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00023-00007387-00007694": "as we were laying out the plans that we had drawn up,", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00024-00007757-00007867": "the ideas coming from", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00025-00007867-00008174": "each of those three different entities to make this really work", "iaUbNoqdXwU-00026-00008248-00008558": "has been incredible and is making this a very successful project."}}, {"audio_id": "iaZtlp-7PTY", "text": {"iaZtlp-7PTY-00000-00000627-00000942": "Greetings and welcome to the Introduction to Astronomy.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00001-00000942-00001279": "In this lecture, we are going to talk about dark matter.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00002-00001279-00001500": "And that is some of the unseen matter", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00003-00001500-00001839": "that makes up a lot of the material in the universe.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00004-00001839-00002178": "In fact, what we see in terms of stars and galaxies", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00005-00002178-00002466": "and nebulae and planets and everything that we normally", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00006-00002466-00002703": "study in astronomy is found to only", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00007-00002703-00003003": "be a very tiny portion of the amount of matter", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00008-00003003-00003141": "in the universe.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00009-00003141-00003493": "Dark matter is just that it is completely dark,", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00010-00003493-00004022": "and we cannot see anything of it except for its gravitational", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00011-00004022-00004075": "effects.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00012-00004075-00004329": "So it gives off no specific types", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00013-00004329-00004761": "of electromagnetic radiation that we can see.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00014-00004761-00005170": "So how do we know that it exists if we can't see it?", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00015-00005170-00005541": "Well, what we can do is make some various kinds", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00016-00005541-00005928": "of measurements to try to better understand dark matter.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00017-00005928-00006279": "So normally we look at what we call ordinary matter that", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00018-00006279-00006492": "is the stuff that you and I are made up", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00019-00006492-00006873": "of as are all the galaxies and stars and planets.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00020-00006873-00007188": "This gives of electromagnetic energy.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00021-00007188-00007341": "And if you remember that includes", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00022-00007341-00007916": "things like visible light and it also", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00023-00007916-00008187": "includes the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum,", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00024-00008187-00008531": "whether it be x-rays and gamma rays or radio waves.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00025-00008531-00009077": "But dark matter is different and that turns out to be about 90%", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00026-00009077-00009599": "of the mass of many galaxies is located in a dark matter halo.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00027-00009599-00009785": "How can we see that that exists?", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00028-00009785-00010007": "Well, we look at galaxies like this", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00029-00010007-00010385": "and we measure the rotation of their stars and the gas", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00030-00010385-00010523": "that we see in them.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00031-00010523-00010808": "So as we move out, we watch and we", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00032-00010808-00011459": "see what the rotation what the velocity of those stars is.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00033-00011459-00011642": "And we expect that it should increase", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00034-00011642-00012014": "as you start from the interior and work out", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00035-00012014-00012159": "where it is should increase.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00036-00012159-00012326": "But then we expect when you get out here", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00037-00012326-00012560": "towards the edge of the galaxy where you're not", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00038-00012560-00012807": "seeing anything else beyond it.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00039-00012807-00013082": "It should expect to decline and this is what", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00040-00013082-00013313": "we see within our solar system.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00041-00013313-00013529": "The objects further away from the sun", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00042-00013529-00013862": "once they are outside of the mass in the solar system, which", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00043-00013862-00014096": "is essentially all of the planets", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00044-00014096-00014497": "then the velocities decrease as you get further away.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00045-00014497-00014813": "But what we observe from stars and galaxies", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00046-00014813-00015005": "is that it continues to increase out", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00047-00015005-00015233": "to the edge of the visible galaxy", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00048-00015233-00015536": "and then even looking at hydrogen clouds from 21", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00049-00015536-00015875": "centimeter lines it still continues to increase.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00050-00015875-00016253": "There is no sign that it is decreasing down to the level", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00051-00016253-00016409": "that we would expect.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00052-00016409-00016718": "And what that means is that there must be a lot more", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00053-00016718-00017222": "matter in the galaxy in order to explain this rotation curve,", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00054-00017222-00017618": "the only way we can explain that is through a lot more matter", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00055-00017618-00017817": "within the galaxy.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00056-00017817-00018369": "And we see this in most galaxies in most or all galaxies.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00057-00018369-00018722": "So what can we learn about dark matter in galaxies", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00058-00018722-00018968": "and how can we use this to determine clusters.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00059-00018968-00019142": "How about in clusters of galaxies.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00060-00019142-00019373": "That was just in one galaxy.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00061-00019373-00019643": "We can use the motions of the galaxy.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00062-00019643-00020036": "There must be enough mass within the galaxy cluster", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00063-00020036-00020249": "to keep the galaxies from escaping.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00064-00020249-00020627": "Otherwise, things like clusters and super clusters", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00065-00020627-00020771": "would not remain.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00066-00020771-00021090": "They would disappear over time.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00067-00021090-00021347": "So we would not be able to see it", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00068-00021347-00021593": "galaxy clusters galaxies would just be spread", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00069-00021593-00021809": "out all over the universe.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00070-00021809-00022094": "So we can use their motions and doing that, we can then", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00071-00022094-00022547": "estimate what the dark matter distribution has to be like", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00072-00022547-00022880": "in order to keep the clusters together", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00073-00022880-00023192": "to keep them the galaxies from spreading apart.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00074-00023192-00023471": "Because if we go just by the galaxies that", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00075-00023471-00023984": "and add up their mass there is nowhere near enough mass.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00076-00023984-00024317": "Those galaxies would eventually end very quickly", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00077-00024317-00024818": "on astronomical frames spread out over the universe.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00078-00024818-00025031": "Now, another way we can see this is", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00079-00025031-00025576": "through gravitational lensing and what we see", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00080-00025576-00026167": "is that gravitational lens is a bending of light due to ion", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00081-00026167-00026524": "doing too due to the predictions of Einstein's relativity", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00082-00026524-00026881": "and the cluster gravitational field will bend the light", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00083-00026881-00027080": "from more distant galaxies.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00084-00027080-00027420": "So distant galaxies behind this will give us", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00085-00027420-00027620": "multiple and distorted images.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00086-00027620-00027970": "So we see some here and here and all these images", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00087-00027970-00028335": "have been distorted by the light not only of one big galaxy", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00088-00028335-00028385": "here.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00089-00028385-00028864": "But of all the other galaxies around it plus any dark matter", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00090-00028864-00028999": "that is present.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00091-00028999-00029176": "So the dark matter while it does not", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00092-00029176-00029508": "contribute to the light of the galaxy cluster at all", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00093-00029508-00029964": "does contribute to its mass and will cause the bending", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00094-00029964-00030214": "to be more significant.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00095-00030214-00030568": "We can use Einstein's model of gravity", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00096-00030568-00030852": "to be able to explain figure out how much mass there", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00097-00030852-00031270": "must be to explain the distortions that we see.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00098-00031270-00031606": "And when we do that, we find out that there is many times", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00099-00031606-00032029": "the amount of matter that we need with that must be present", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00100-00032029-00032392": "that we simply cannot see.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00101-00032392-00032907": "So what about this dark matter and how much of it is there?", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00102-00032907-00033201": "Well, we can take a look at that and see", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00103-00033201-00033430": "that if we want to go back and recall,", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00104-00033430-00033789": "we had looked at the thing called a mass to light ratio.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00105-00033789-00034116": "And if you recall the sun had a mass to light ratio of one", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00106-00034116-00034424": "it just meant that it had a mass of one solar mass", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00107-00034424-00034845": "and a luminosity of one solar luminosity.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00108-00034845-00035217": "Galaxies are showing a mass to light ratio of 10", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00109-00035217-00035526": "meaning that they have 10 times the amount of mass", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00110-00035526-00035811": "for each luminosity unit.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00111-00035811-00036144": "So there is a significant amount of dark matter", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00112-00036144-00036471": "as we get further and further up into small clusters and then", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00113-00036471-00036624": "into large clusters.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00114-00036624-00036897": "The mass to light ratio increases.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00115-00036897-00037314": "And what that tells us as we see the increase here in the table", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00116-00037314-00037572": "is that there must be substantial amounts", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00117-00037572-00037986": "of dark matter present in these clusters.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00118-00037986-00038406": "Otherwise, we would not get these kinds of large number", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00119-00038406-00038761": "300 is an incredibly large mass to light ratio.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00120-00038761-00039084": "And that's what we see for some of these really big galaxy", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00121-00039084-00039150": "clusters.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00122-00039150-00039499": "So not only is there a lot of galaxies there.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00123-00039499-00039900": "But for each galaxy there could be 10 or hundred or a couple", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00124-00039900-00040161": "of hundred galaxies worth of matter", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00125-00040161-00040327": "that is completely invisible.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00126-00040327-00040566": "And that's what we mean by dark matter.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00127-00040566-00040998": "It's not just a few extra dim stars or a few black holes it", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00128-00040998-00041346": "means that for each galaxy that you see in an image you have", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00129-00041346-00041715": "to imagine that there can be even 100 galaxies worth", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00130-00041715-00042141": "of matter scattered around and is in some form that we cannot", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00131-00042141-00042606": "see and what could it be what could this dark matter be", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00132-00042606-00042759": "composed of.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00133-00042759-00043032": "Well, there are a couple different possibilities", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00134-00043032-00043165": "that we talk about.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00135-00043165-00043506": "And those are the MACHOs and the WIMPs.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00136-00043506-00043962": "The MACHOs are massive compact halo objects and that", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00137-00043962-00044197": "is essentially ordinary matter.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00138-00044197-00044553": "Things like black holes, brown dwarfs white dwarfs.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00139-00044553-00044773": "These are all things that are very hard to see.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00140-00044773-00044971": "And would be incredibly faint.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00141-00044971-00045148": "So we wouldn't see them directly,", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00142-00045148-00045378": "but we would see their gravitational effects.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00143-00045378-00045792": "We wouldn't see the effect of their gravity measurements", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00144-00045792-00046014": "have been done and showed that there are simply not", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00145-00046014-00046209": "enough of these.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00146-00046209-00046461": "So there are not enough of them to account for them", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00147-00046461-00046842": "out of dark matter needed in the halo of our galaxy.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00148-00046842-00047034": "Meaning that if they don't work for our galaxy", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00149-00047034-00047268": "they're probably not going to work for other galaxies", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00150-00047268-00047546": "as well.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00151-00047546-00047776": "The WIMPs on the other hand, are weakly", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00152-00047776-00048052": "interacting massive particles.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00153-00048052-00048310": "These are exotic particles that do not", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00154-00048310-00048598": "emit electromagnetic radiation.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00155-00048598-00048847": "So these are unusual subatomic particles", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00156-00048847-00049120": "not things like protons, neutrons, and electrons", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00157-00049120-00049298": "that make up ordinary matter.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00158-00049298-00049747": "But other more exotic types and those", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00159-00049747-00050071": "are what we think may make up the dark matter now", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00160-00050071-00050413": "because it does not seem like any type of ordinary matter", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00161-00050413-00050820": "can possibly work.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00162-00050820-00051132": "Now, there are two, we can look at dark matter in two models", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00163-00051132-00051426": "and those are hot and cold dark matter.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00164-00051426-00051716": "And if we remember hot and cold temperatures", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00165-00051716-00051991": "refers to the speed of the particles.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00166-00051991-00052350": "Hot dark matter would be things that are moving very quickly.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00167-00052350-00052725": "Cold dark matter would be things that are moving slowly now", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00168-00052725-00052989": "hot dark matter would not do a whole lot because it would", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00169-00052989-00053403": "smear out the clumps and would inhibit the growth of clusters", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00170-00053403-00053541": "of galaxies.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00171-00053541-00053709": "On the other hand cold dark matter", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00172-00053709-00053976": "would not be moving very quickly and it", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00173-00053976-00054219": "would grow clumps and give us something", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00174-00054219-00054495": "consistent with our current observations.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00175-00054495-00054916": "The model here running time forward as we go across.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00176-00054916-00055404": "And then down is a symbol is a cold, dark matter simulation", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00177-00055404-00055737": "and it starts off with the material relatively uniformly", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00178-00055737-00056157": "spread out and over time it condenses down and gives us", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00179-00056157-00056544": "a structure relatively similar to what we see today.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00180-00056544-00056748": "So these simulations can give us things", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00181-00056748-00057012": "that match the structure of our universe.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00182-00057012-00057213": "Again, not precisely it's not going to match up", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00183-00057213-00057405": "exactly where the galaxies are.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00184-00057405-00057600": "But the overall pattern is what we", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00185-00057600-00058059": "are looking for now, the other thing that we have", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00186-00058059-00058449": "and that we want to mention is what we call dark energy.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00187-00058449-00058746": "Dark energy is another mysterious substance quite", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00188-00058746-00058967": "different than dark matter.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00189-00058967-00059146": "Now dark matter as we said makes up", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00190-00059146-00059460": "the majority of the matter of the universe far more", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00191-00059460-00060066": "than any of the ordinary matter that we see.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00192-00060066-00060361": "So this chart kind of breaks it down.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00193-00060361-00060573": "What is the universe made up of.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00194-00060573-00060791": "Well heavy elements that make up the earth", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00195-00060791-00061248": "are about 3 onehundredths of a percent - things like stars", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00196-00061248-00061548": "are about half of a percent of the mass of the mass", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00197-00061548-00061737": "and energy of the universe.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00198-00061737-00062098": "Hydrogen and helium get us up to about 4% So about four to 4", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00199-00062098-00062417": "and 1/2 percent of the material that we see", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00200-00062417-00062577": "is in ordinary matter.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00201-00062577-00062773": "What we would call ordinary material.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00202-00062773-00063029": "Everything we study in an astronomy class", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00203-00063029-00063288": "that would be the nebulae that would be stars that", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00204-00063288-00063708": "would be galaxies that would all be included in these three", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00205-00063708-00063846": "here.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00206-00063846-00064237": "Everything else is this dark matter,", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00207-00064237-00064614": "which we have been looking at making up 25% vastly", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00208-00064614-00064986": "outnumbering by five times the amount of ordinary matter", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00209-00064986-00065463": "and even more so is this dark energy and dark energy we will", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00210-00065463-00065682": "talk about in a coming chapter.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00211-00065682-00066183": "But dark energy is and another mysterious substance", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00212-00066183-00066378": "that seems to permeate the universe", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00213-00066378-00066627": "and actually makes up most of the mass energy", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00214-00066627-00066789": "of the universe.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00215-00066789-00067014": "Now as a comparison, we can look at here", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00216-00067014-00067494": "as if we imagine one gram of luminous ordinary matter.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00217-00067494-00067659": "That's the ordinary stuff that we", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00218-00067659-00068001": "see every day for every one gram of that there", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00219-00068001-00068427": "would be four grams of non luminous ordinary matter.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00220-00068427-00068664": "So that would be things that we can't see.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00221-00068664-00068988": "Hydrogen gas that would not be glowing things that would not", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00222-00068988-00069240": "be glowing most of the material in the universe", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00223-00069240-00069438": "is invisible to us.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00224-00069438-00069834": "But for those five grams of what we call ordinary matter", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00225-00069834-00070176": "there would be 27 grams of dark matter", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00226-00070176-00070506": "and 68 grams of dark energy.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00227-00070506-00070959": "So in reality only about 4% to 5% of the universe", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00228-00070959-00071103": "is the ordinary matter.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00229-00071103-00071412": "That is the stuff that makes up everything with us", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00230-00071412-00071664": "here on Earth that makes up all of the stars", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00231-00071664-00071898": "and the nebulae and the galaxies and everything", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00232-00071898-00072294": "that we've studied in astronomy to this point on.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00233-00072294-00072855": "That's only about 4% to 5% of the universe and the rest of it", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00234-00072855-00073089": "is in this mysterious dark matter, which", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00235-00073089-00073395": "we've looked at in this lesson and in dark energy, which", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00236-00073395-00073736": "we will come and look at coming up.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00237-00073736-00074113": "So let's finish up this lesson on dark energy with our summary", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00238-00074113-00074446": "and what we find and have talked about", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00239-00074446-00074659": "is that we know that there are vast amounts", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00240-00074659-00075073": "of dark matter in galaxies and in clusters of galaxies.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00241-00075073-00075487": "The dark matter is likely composed of cold meaning slowly", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00242-00075487-00075725": "moving exotic particles.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00243-00075725-00076015": "What we call cold dark matter.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00244-00076015-00076255": "And as we looked at the end luminous", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00245-00076255-00076687": "ordinary matter again stars, galaxies planets", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00246-00076687-00077176": "makes up only a tiny fraction of the mass of the universe.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00247-00077176-00077563": "So that concludes our lecture on dark matter.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00248-00077563-00077887": "We'll be back again next time for another topic in astronomy.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00249-00077887-00078175": "So until then, have a great day, everyone.", "iaZtlp-7PTY-00250-00078175-00078424": "And I will see you in class."}}, {"audio_id": "ibh8vRJe588", "text": {"ibh8vRJe588-00000-00000000-00000200": "www.claudediamond.com-free book and training"}}, {"audio_id": "ibpzzTZMlHY", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "ibwjTzPb9yu", "text": {"ibwjTzPb9yu-00000-00000000-00000558": "Hi I'm Janet. 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Then, I", "ibwjTzPb9yu-00007-00004365-00004935": "found out about Saylor Academy's direct credit program. Saylor Direct courses are college-level", "ibwjTzPb9yu-00008-00004935-00005565": "courses that can be transferred into college credit at many leading universities. I get to", "ibwjTzPb9yu-00009-00005565-00006264": "take Saylor courses on my time. There are no start dates or mandatory deadlines, so I don't", "ibwjTzPb9yu-00010-00006264-00006879": "have to leave my job or miss out when spending time with Ben. The courses are completely free", "ibwjTzPb9yu-00011-00006879-00007500": "so not only do I save on the credits I earn, I don't have to pay thousands to find out if", "ibwjTzPb9yu-00012-00007500-00008120": "a course is right for me. When I transfer to a degree program I'll graduate faster and with", "ibwjTzPb9yu-00013-00008120-00008937": "less debt. I did it and you can do it too. start by signing up for a free course. Study when it fits", "ibwjTzPb9yu-00014-00008937-00009705": "your schedule. And save with sailors direct credit courses. It really is as easy as start study save."}}, {"audio_id": "ibyJ3YUuNCo", "text": {"ibyJ3YUuNCo-00000-00000056-00000360": "hey good morning everyone today we're playing turkey", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00001-00000752-00001592": "oh my god", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00002-00002664-00003200": "people are saying people say this is harder than witty so i don't even know i might even be here", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00003-00003408-00004384": "so you see this is", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00004-00006776-00007704": "oh my god already died that's how you know this is freaking hard i don't know", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00005-00008031-00008216": "like this that's how you know this is", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00006-00008216-00008584": "hard", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00007-00011728-00012784": "oh my god", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00008-00013560-00014184": "uh", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00009-00015368-00015584": "oh", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00010-00018200-00018384": "oh", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00011-00019176-00019784": "oh my gosh okay now i get why people are saying this is harder than witty", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00012-00019912-00021400": "now i get why oh my gosh that was sick oh my god i love that oh my god oh my god that was so sick bro", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00013-00021512-00022584": "oh my god", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00014-00023096-00023984": "oh", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00015-00025328-00026783": "uh", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00016-00027448-00028183": "is", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00017-00029960-00030983": "uh", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00018-00031239-00032383": "what", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00019-00033160-00033784": "uh", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00020-00034424-00035184": "ah", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00021-00036296-00037984": "oh my god", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00022-00040736-00042184": "i cannot even", "ibyJ3YUuNCo-00023-00043256-00043584": "oh"}}, {"audio_id": "ibGH5HkM3Ho", "text": {"ibGH5HkM3Ho-00000-00006334-00006590": "We're at the 45th edition of Adlib fashion show.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00001-00006590-00006966": "This year I'm presenting a collection of 15 pieces.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00002-00007073-00007216": "Very personalised.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00003-00007216-00007408": "I've called it \"The Collection My Way\"", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00004-00007408-00008294": "It's my personal way of showing how I see fashion today in the streets of Ibiza.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00005-00008508-00009130": "Adlib means the presentation of all the creators living on the island.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00006-00009154-00009452": "Adlib represents Ibiza's fashion spirit.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00007-00009452-00009838": "Inspired by the 60s and the hippie movement.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00008-00009902-00010324": "For me it represents Ibiza, taste, style, class.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00009-00010370-00010548": "Freedom, design.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00010-00010548-00010822": "Pureness, creativity, imagination.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00011-00010822-00010996": "Beauty, freshness.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00012-00011024-00011142": "No strings attached.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00013-00011142-00011458": "Being yourself but always with style.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00014-00012634-00012904": "Ad Talent focuses on new talents.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00015-00012904-00013697": "On people who want to show their creation skills.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00016-00013716-00013966": "We have to choose the new talent in Spanish fashion.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00017-00013966-00014204": "A future talent in Spanish and Balearic fashion.", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00018-00014219-00014856": "My collection is inspired in llaüt boat sails and plaited textile of the Majorcan senalles .", "ibGH5HkM3Ho-00019-00017106-00017892": "We show great enthusiasm at this fashion show."}}, {"audio_id": "ibI9FSTVycU", "text": {"ibI9FSTVycU-00000-00000278-00000648": "Hi everyone, I’m Sharon Xie from AliExpress.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00001-00000670-00001474": "I’m very happy to tell you that this year AliExpress Mid-Year will have a very big promotion campaign.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00002-00001516-00002084": "During that time you can get products at the cheapest price.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00003-00002140-00002684": "The promotion campaign will be on 18 June 2019.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00004-00002726-00003424": "And for promoting this campaign on Social Media we also invite all bloggers.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00005-00003464-00003964": "For this blogger campaign, we prepare a lot of American dollars.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00006-00004020-00004098": "FOR YOU", "ibI9FSTVycU-00007-00004128-00005580": "Maybe you are curious about how you can join this campaign. Do we have a lot of rules, do you need to get a sample, do you need to do a lot of complicated things.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00008-00005632-00006060": "I want to tell you that this time the rule is very easy.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00009-00006086-00006978": "What you need to do is – you just make a post on Instagram, Facebook or YouTube.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00010-00007052-00007750": "You need to make a post from 14th June to 28th June", "ibI9FSTVycU-00011-00007792-00008924": "Your post must include the hashtag #PackYourHoliday and please don’t forget to add @aliexpress. The official account.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00012-00008982-00010380": "And your topic must include information on how you prepare for your holiday and what product you use or want to use from AliExpress on your holiday.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00013-00010412-00010842": "Here we prepare 6 prizes for you.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00014-00010842-00012022": "The first prize is a crown prize. We will select 1 winner. And the winner will earn $ 50 000.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00015-00012022-00012368": "USD 50 000", "ibI9FSTVycU-00016-00012428-00012614": "How you can earn this prize?", "ibI9FSTVycU-00017-00012664-00013313": "You need to have more than 3 million followers on YouTube, Instagram or Facebook.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00018-00013362-00013969": "Your post should have the highest number of likes.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00019-00013997-00014930": "For our other first prize we will select 3 winners and every winner will get US$ 10 000", "ibI9FSTVycU-00020-00014930-00015280": "Yes, it is US$ 10 000", "ibI9FSTVycU-00021-00015280-00016488": "You should have more than 1 million followers on Facebook, YouTube or Instagram. And your Like Rate should be higher than 5%.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00022-00016530-00017634": "How the Like Rate is calculated you can see here: number of likes / number of followers * 100%.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00023-00017662-00018544": "For our second prize we will select 5 winners and every winner will get US$ 5 000", "ibI9FSTVycU-00024-00018682-00019842": "You should have more than 500 000 followers on YouTube, Instagram or Facebook. And your Like Rate should be also higher than 5%.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00025-00019842-00020682": "And For our third prize we will select 20 winners and every winner will get US$ 2 000", "ibI9FSTVycU-00026-00020790-00021828": "You should have more than 100 000 followers on YouTube, Instagram or Facebook. And your Like Rate also should be higher than 5%.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00027-00021828-00022656": "And for our 4th prize we will select 30 winners and every winner will get US$ 1 000", "ibI9FSTVycU-00028-00022656-00023714": "You should have more than 10 000 followers on YouTube, Instagram or Facebook. And your Like Rate also should be higher than 5%.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00029-00023714-00024892": "And for the 5th prize we will choose by our decision 50 winners from categories:", "ibI9FSTVycU-00030-00024892-00025872": "Explorer, Fashionista, Beauty Queen, Gadget Geek and Family travel.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00031-00025872-00026476": "Each winner will earn US$ 500$.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00032-00026532-00027022": "So you may be curious about how you can know that you are the winner.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00033-00027024-00028245": "We will announce the winners 8th July 2019 on AliExpress official Facebook and Instagram accounts.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00034-00028245-00028620": "Don’t miss it. Check it on 8th July!", "ibI9FSTVycU-00035-00028627-00030066": "We will also message the winner on Facebook and Instagram. So if you get the message, please reply to us within 24 hours or we will select another winner.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00036-00030302-00031324": "Your reward will be paid to you before 24th July. It may take a few days before you receive your money on your bank account.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00037-00031686-00032758": "Another thing is don’t forget to pay taxes. So it means that award does not include the taxes.", "ibI9FSTVycU-00038-00032816-00033062": "These are all the rules!", "ibI9FSTVycU-00039-00033062-00033172": "Thank you!", "ibI9FSTVycU-00040-00033198-00035114": "We are looking forward to bloggers. And don’t forget to place hashtag PackYourHoliday and @aliexpress. We hope you can win."}}, {"audio_id": "ibK0n_pOsCA", "text": {"ibK0n_pOsCA-00000-00000272-00000800": "from magazines to logos to the tv and film we watch we're surrounded by visual media. you", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00001-00000800-00001224": "might be shocked to learn that most of it is trying to persuade you in one way or another.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00002-00001392-00001728": "first things first, it usually helps to start with a definition.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00003-00001823-00002320": "if rhetoric describes the way a written text moves us to feel or think or do something, what,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00004-00002320-00002944": "you may be wondering, is visual rhetoric? well, it's the way a text is trying to move you to feel", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00005-00002944-00003511": "or think or do something... only instead of words, or, often in addition to words, it's through a", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00006-00003511-00004047": "visual medium. visual rhetoric is made of the same stuff as your everyday garden-variety rhetoric,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00007-00004047-00004568": "but it employs pictures or video or even just the elements of visual and graphic design to persuade", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00008-00004568-00005168": "its audience. visual rhetoric is made of the same building blocks as textual rhetoric--ethos", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00009-00005168-00005688": "logos and pathos are still the tools that visual rhetoric uses. the addition of visual language to", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00010-00005688-00006136": "the text means it can communicate its rhetorical purpose a lot faster and more efficiently,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00011-00006136-00006664": "and the visual elements can significantly change the impact of the message. take this image,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00012-00006664-00007280": "for instance. in both examples here the written content is the same, but the difference in font", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00013-00007280-00007720": "very quickly communicates whether those words are meant as an endearment or as a threat.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00014-00007831-00008368": "to put it another way, the visual elements change how we interpret the same text.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00015-00008496-00008920": "obviously, typography can change the meaning of a message, but what are some of the other elements", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00016-00008920-00009592": "in the visual rhetorical toolbox? the primary elements of visual rhetoric are: spacing, value,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00017-00009592-00010248": "color, line, scale, and texture. if you studied art or graphic design you might recognize these", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00018-00010248-00010736": "as the main elements of design. pretty much any image can be analyzed using these ideas.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00019-00010792-00011192": "that's not to say that you have to be an expert in art to understand how these elements work,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00020-00011192-00011768": "but the truth is you already have a lot of expertise in recognizing these qualities. let me", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00021-00011768-00012504": "prove it to you. take this image, for example. this is a screen grab from a film. even if you", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00022-00012504-00012952": "don't recognize the film, i bet you can tell what genre it belongs to because those elements", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00023-00012952-00013624": "of design communicate a lot of information that you're already decoding constantly. in terms of", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00024-00013624-00014184": "spacing, look at how thick the woods are--so dense that not much sunlight makes it to the ground.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00025-00014272-00014744": "the trees tower over the building. you can infer something about the relationships between the", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00026-00014744-00015272": "people in the image too because of their spacing. they're standing close, so they're probably", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00027-00015272-00015800": "friends, not strangers, and you can likely guess that the two who are embracing are a couple.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00028-00016016-00016600": "value has a lot to do with contrast and hue. in this frame, the clearing is brighter than the", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00029-00016600-00017176": "woods around it so it has a lighter value. the front door, though, is almost totally cloaked", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00030-00017176-00017704": "in darkness, which makes us feel uncertain or nervous. we don't like to enter a space", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00031-00017704-00018368": "that we can't see well. color certainly relates to value--there are no bright poppy colors here", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00032-00018368-00018864": "and the woods and the ground and the cabin are all natural colors--greens and browns and tans.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00033-00018968-00019648": "the group is costumed in colors that aren't natural--blues and mustard yellow and white--so", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00034-00019752-00020392": "they stand out. you can tell that they're not part of the landscape. also note how everything", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00035-00020392-00020968": "in the image is muted--it's all kind of dark. you can pretty much guess this isn't a comedy.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00036-00021072-00021440": "line refers to how the elements of an image draw your eye in certain directions.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00037-00021512-00021944": "here, the line of the roof and the bottom of the porch are the strongest lines,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00038-00021944-00022304": "and horizontal lines often convey stability and groundedness,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00039-00022304-00022840": "although here the other elements are undercutting a sense of stability. because everything else in", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00040-00022840-00023368": "the frame from the trees to the utility pole to the characters is oriented in a vertical", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00041-00023368-00023984": "direction, this makes the cabin itself stick out. the contrast adds to how it makes us feel uneasy.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00042-00024120-00024792": "which brings us to scale. you can tell it's not a big cabin; it's single story and it's dwarfed", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00043-00024792-00025240": "by the trees that extend up and out of the frame. but it still takes up most of the shot,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00044-00025240-00025816": "and the people in front of it seem dwarfed by its visual mass. they're also isolated within that", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00045-00025816-00026272": "clearing, which adds to the sense of isolation that we can infer from this wooded location.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00046-00026383-00027095": "and finally texture. because it's the lightest value, the dappled light is one of the most", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00047-00027095-00027648": "obvious textures in this image. the way that it filters through the trees subconsciously tells us", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00048-00027648-00028312": "that these woods keep going. the shingled roof on the top of the cabin is old and unkempt and", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00049-00028312-00028672": "the texture of it echoes the texture of the dead leaves in the clearing on the ground.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00050-00028792-00029256": "so against all of that organic natural texture, the characters stand out.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00051-00029256-00029680": "and since this is the first time that they're seeing the cabin, all these elements combine to", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00052-00029680-00030224": "make it feel like they don't belong. everything in the image is building to be a visual warning.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00053-00030439-00031039": "all these elements are combining to tell us that the genre this belongs to is, as you probably", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00054-00031039-00031712": "guessed, horror. specifically, this is an image from 2010's The Cabin in the Woods. if you're a", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00055-00031712-00032144": "horror fan, you might have spotted that this cabin bears a strong resemblance to the cabin from Evil", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00056-00032144-00032800": "Dead--that's not on accident. the film is making a visual reference to a beloved cult horror film.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00057-00032896-00033336": "there are other visual references throughout the film to other horror movies like friday the 13th,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00058-00033336-00033896": "halloween, and hellraiser. and those references are absolutely part of the visual rhetoric of", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00059-00033896-00034416": "cabin in the woods. it's persuading the viewer that it's part of the horror genre tradition.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00060-00034512-00035152": "okay, here's another example. even if you don't recognize this show, what can you tell about it", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00061-00035152-00035744": "from this image? the bright and poppy colors, the charming buildings, the cobblestone street,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00062-00035800-00036424": "and the warm tone all combine to tell us even without any other context that this is probably a", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00063-00036424-00037144": "comedy. in fact it's a still from The Good Place, which i might argue is one of the best comedies.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00064-00037320-00037960": "one more example: how about this? the business like attire, the fluorescent", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00065-00037960-00038552": "light fixtures overhead, the brick walls, this big white board with evidence laid out", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00066-00038552-00039304": "on it--these are all visual elements of the police procedural. in this case, it's the tv show Castle,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00067-00039304-00039840": "which centers on a police detective and a mystery writer who team up to solve crimes. it's on the", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00068-00039840-00040344": "funnier end of the police procedural spectrum, but the moody lighting and the somber colors would", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00069-00040344-00040856": "keep you from mistaking it for say Brooklyn 99, which is very much in the comedy realm.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00070-00040984-00041408": "as you analyze visual media. remember that. just like with textual rhetoric.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00071-00041408-00041880": "the same elements of the rhetorical situation apply: genre, author, purpose,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00072-00041880-00042408": "audience, argument, and effect. like in the examples from film and tv that i showed you,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00073-00042464-00042880": "these aspects of the visual text help us identify the rhetorical impact of the text.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00074-00042944-00043352": "and when they're combined with imagery that evokes an appeal to ethos, pathos, or logos,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00075-00043416-00043824": "we can then start to parse the persuasive argument that visual texts make.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00076-00043952-00044408": "being able to spot how rhetoric functions in a visual text not only makes you more critically", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00077-00044408-00044984": "engaged with the world around you; when you can efficiently analyze the visual rhetoric in a text", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00078-00045048-00045560": "then you can apply those principles to creation of your own visual texts to make your own arguments.", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00079-00045656-00046112": "understanding visual rhetoric makes you a more persuasive writer and creator, which makes you", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00080-00046112-00046616": "a more effective communicator. whether you're creating a resume to convince someone to hire you,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00081-00046616-00047120": "or designing an invitation to a couture halloween party, or pitching a proposal to your boss,", "ibK0n_pOsCA-00082-00047192-00047784": "being visually rhetorically savvy will help you achieve your goal."}}, {"audio_id": "ibQ3b4zevkY", "text": {"ibQ3b4zevkY-00000-00000847-00000973": "So", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00001-00000973-00001500": "Sony has launched uncharted for two years back when to over 60 and it's around 18", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00002-00001558-00002147": "So we the bad news about the Uncharted 4 game is that it is a ps4 exclusive King", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00003-00002188-00002442": "So we need to find a PC version", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00004-00002533-00002873": "So I've been searching on the net and I've caught one", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00005-00003069-00003317": "Like a solo which can install", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00006-00003480-00003761": "Started for me into your PC", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00007-00003871-00004521": "Without any emulator on any of the software just directly download and play", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00008-00004591-00004791": "without any other", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00009-00004816-00004978": "companion software", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00010-00004978-00005109": "so", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00011-00005109-00005484": "I think we need to get started up with this", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00012-00006095-00006402": "So here are the steps how to download this game", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00013-00006440-00006673": "So first you need to get on to this link", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00014-00006701-00007296": "Then you need to verify that you are a human by entering the text which you can see in the image", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00015-00007325-00007525": "just enter the text and", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00016-00007583-00008173": "Click on click here to continue as simple as that once you click on this", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00017-00008225-00008575": "Wait for five seconds while the link gets opened", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00018-00008681-00008834": "and", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00019-00008834-00009097": "When the five seconds again just pick on get link", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00020-00009194-00009499": "Close this webpage, please the ads, you know", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00021-00009575-00010099": "it once again and just download this and installer this it this is just", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00022-00010238-00010833": "207 and b-side thing. Yes, this is 207 and bees just download this one", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00023-00010925-00011608": "Basically, I have directly I have downloaded this one. So I am just posing this and showing to you the installer", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00024-00011611-00011826": "This is the installer which I have downloaded it", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00025-00011879-00012147": "Just go on here and just click on this installer", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00026-00012478-00013170": "You know, you know my piece is very old one so very slow process sorry for that I", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00027-00013319-00013519": "can't do anything so", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00028-00013721-00013921": "Just click on next", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00029-00013993-00014193": "I agree", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00030-00014204-00014404": "next install and", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00031-00014471-00014802": "This will require up to 18 GB of data and then you install", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00032-00014894-00015355": "basically, I am NOT installing this because it will download 18 GB of data and", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00033-00015440-00015906": "I don't have 18 GB of storage space in my PC and", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00034-00015977-00016138": "I", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00035-00016138-00016369": "Have a very low end PC", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00036-00016433-00016686": "1gb RAM Intel Pentium processor", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00037-00017793-00018232": "Under the auspice LED see out of it the 90s", "ibQ3b4zevkY-00038-00018984-00019184": "Definitely"}}, {"audio_id": "ibQht09nkPU", "text": {"ibQht09nkPU-00000-00000000-00000200": "AMD Radeon RX 7900XTX | Assassin's Creed  Origins"}}, {"audio_id": "ibUCzNXO5s4", "text": {"ibUCzNXO5s4-00006-00001200-00001265": "The most unbelievable apartment collapse no matter how you think about it~", "ibUCzNXO5s4-00007-00001265-00001315": "The largest vacation spot in America", "ibUCzNXO5s4-00008-00001315-00001365": "where I felt the most peaceful with quick recovery We offer our", "ibUCzNXO5s4-00009-00001365-00001415": "deepest condolences to the families of the victims."}}, {"audio_id": "ibYZezHB0MU", "text": {"ibYZezHB0MU-00000-00000000-00000648": "hello chess friends how are you Alpha zero had black pieces last day that's why he was afraid", "ibYZezHB0MU-00001-00000648-00001146": "of me but I don't afraid anyone because I am big fish I am the ocean of Chess and you and", "ibYZezHB0MU-00002-00001146-00001704": "Alpha zero are the fish of the ocean I don't praise myself I only speak the truth so let's", "ibYZezHB0MU-00003-00001704-00002544": "go baby chicken alfazera started with C4 I played karok in defense Knight f3d5 E3 Knight F6 Knight", "ibYZezHB0MU-00004-00002544-00003198": "C3 Bishop goes to G4 and we have H3 if you dare to take the Knight let me show you the variation", "ibYZezHB0MU-00005-00003198-00003965": "then I will grab center with E5 Pawn takes takes white will play G4 a clear declaration that he", "ibYZezHB0MU-00006-00003965-00004578": "wants to attack the king side so E4 Queen D1 Knight C6 Queen B6 and that's it white", "ibYZezHB0MU-00007-00004578-00005202": "have a nice Queen position that creates lot of pressure to Black G5 is coming so back to the", "ibYZezHB0MU-00008-00005202-00005994": "position iron super ultra ultimate Max genius guy so I moved back my Bishop on H5 Queen B3 Queen B6", "ibYZezHB0MU-00009-00005994-00006528": "Queens are seeing each other but if you can the queen then black will get an open Rook file same", "ibYZezHB0MU-00010-00006528-00007164": "as black if black takes the queen then white will get the Rook Advantage so in this position Alpha", "ibYZezHB0MU-00011-00007164-00007776": "played G4 because he is a stockfish subscriber a true stockfish subscriber always attacking King", "ibYZezHB0MU-00012-00007776-00008364": "side white have a nice tactical plan to mix poison in Black Army's food then move up the bishop to", "ibYZezHB0MU-00013-00008364-00008844": "Target it by opening up the file for The Rook clear the dark Square diagonal to add pressure", "ibYZezHB0MU-00014-00008844-00009630": "Bishop G6 G5 Knight goes to E4 C takes D5 and if you take it let me show you the variation then", "ibYZezHB0MU-00015-00009630-00010230": "Knight takes D5 will come to pressure black after making Queen exchanges Bishop H4 will come to", "ibYZezHB0MU-00016-00010230-00010962": "Target the Knight so Knight E5 F6 to Target it's a knight C7 check King d8 Knight takes A8 Pawn takes", "ibYZezHB0MU-00017-00010962-00011550": "Rook takes A7 white will up material and he will be totally winning so back to the position we have", "ibYZezHB0MU-00018-00011550-00012240": "Knight takes C3 Queen takes C3 Bishop E4 to make problems online Square diagonal Bishop E2 Bishop", "ibYZezHB0MU-00019-00012240-00012954": "takes D5 D3 this D3 move plan is to play E4 to kick out the bishop and then play Bishop E3 so", "ibYZezHB0MU-00020-00012954-00013566": "I take the Knight with my Bishop Bishop takes F3 Alpha have Bishop pair and I have inactive pieces", "ibYZezHB0MU-00021-00013566-00014363": "so I move my knight to D7 E6 and long Castle is my next moves Bishop D2 by Alpha E6 and he played", "ibYZezHB0MU-00022-00014363-00014874": "before this move is clear that he don't want to let me Castle in Queen side he want to push", "ibYZezHB0MU-00023-00014874-00015600": "his army in Queen side so Bishop D6 A4 I played Castle in short side but he have these guys to", "ibYZezHB0MU-00024-00015600-00016260": "attack me so he did it this dark Square diagonal is controlled by black it is an open challenge for", "ibYZezHB0MU-00025-00016260-00016896": "me to overcome Alpha Zero's attacks re-rotate the bishop to attack him in kingside okay Queen back", "ibYZezHB0MU-00026-00016896-00017748": "to d8 A5 Queen E7 Bishop G2 E5 King to E2 this King will stay in there donkey bong Cloud Alpha", "ibYZezHB0MU-00027-00017748-00018336": "have a nice tactic to break my Pawn structure and its strategy so I played Rook to C8 Rook C1", "ibYZezHB0MU-00028-00018336-00019056": "King h8 this king move plan is to play H5 after takes and Knight takes black will get the f file", "ibYZezHB0MU-00029-00019056-00019602": "strike the queen Pawn structure to attack him in his weak point and the queen is always ready", "ibYZezHB0MU-00030-00019602-00020154": "to come there with a check white have to play correctly because his king is not castled and", "ibYZezHB0MU-00031-00020154-00020868": "he needs some extra security Alpha played Queen B3 Rook d8 F5 is coming so Rook to G1 putting the", "ibYZezHB0MU-00032-00020868-00021570": "tanks in front of the king I played F6 Alpha warns me with E4 how dare Alpha warn me I will eat you", "ibYZezHB0MU-00033-00021570-00022188": "in my dinner Alpha said I have a nasty checkmating sequences with my bishop and Rook to destroy you I", "ibYZezHB0MU-00034-00022188-00022878": "said go ahead do whatever you can do after takes Rook takes E7 is coming if you are a human and", "ibYZezHB0MU-00035-00022878-00023520": "play a natural move for example C5 the idea is to do Paul exchange and involve the Knight to Target", "ibYZezHB0MU-00036-00023520-00024042": "the queen then Alpha will sacrifice The Rook this square is covered so you have to take the", "ibYZezHB0MU-00037-00024042-00024756": "Rook then Pawn check will come the king have no swear to run so King takes G6 Bishop F3 check if", "ibYZezHB0MU-00038-00024756-00025380": "King F6 happened then play Bishop G5 to win the queen so if you plan King H7 then Rook H1 check", "ibYZezHB0MU-00039-00025380-00026100": "King can't Retreat on there so King G6 Bishop H5 King F6 Rook G1 Bishop G5 is coming to Checkmate", "ibYZezHB0MU-00040-00026100-00026700": "U black will be helpless he can't do anything to save his life black will lose his Queen and then", "ibYZezHB0MU-00041-00026700-00027312": "Queen H6 will come to Checkmate you game will be over so back to the position I played G6 to block", "ibYZezHB0MU-00042-00027312-00028032": "the position Bishop H3 Alpha One to double up his Rooks on this file so I played Rook F7 further", "ibYZezHB0MU-00043-00028032-00028614": "plan is to double up my Rooks to attack him Rook C1 and Alpha can play Bishop E6 Target the rook", "ibYZezHB0MU-00044-00028614-00029316": "and seize the light Square diagonal A6 Bishop E6 Rook G7 Bishop C4 and after some more moves later", "ibYZezHB0MU-00045-00029316-00030060": "white targets to the pawn with the Rook C5 Queen A2 Pawn takes takes if you dare to take the pawn", "ibYZezHB0MU-00046-00030060-00030732": "let me show you the variation then Rook check will come Knight blocks Rook C1 Rook B8 takes", "ibYZezHB0MU-00047-00030732-00031289": "takes takes and white is totally winning because his pieces are mostly active black pieces are very", "ibYZezHB0MU-00048-00031289-00031860": "much passive and black of weak in and weak pawns few moves later we will see Rook C6 to Target", "ibYZezHB0MU-00049-00031860-00032532": "these pieces with the rook and queen so Knight C7 to Target the queen queen here Knight E8 to", "ibYZezHB0MU-00050-00032532-00033162": "protect the bishop Rook C8 and that's it black is out of move no matter what black will play he will", "ibYZezHB0MU-00051-00033162-00033774": "lose the game I hope inferior humans can solve this position Queen D7 then Alpha will sacrifice", "ibYZezHB0MU-00052-00033774-00034434": "the queen on D6 after takes takes here takes and Checkmate game will be over so back to the", "ibYZezHB0MU-00053-00034434-00035058": "position if you haven't subscribed to my YouTube channel then guys what are you doing like And", "ibYZezHB0MU-00054-00035058-00035760": "subscribe to my YouTube channel to reach me 100k now enjoy the game with my beautiful piano music", "ibYZezHB0MU-00055-00036602-00036702": "[Music]", "ibYZezHB0MU-00056-00036702-00038034": "foreign [Music] thank you", "ibYZezHB0MU-00057-00038282-00039270": "[Music] wish you all the best thanks for watching subscribe", "ibYZezHB0MU-00058-00039270-00039547": "for more bye bye take care see you soon [Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "icd2TrszG_A", "text": {"icd2TrszG_A-00000-00000992-00001569": "Welcome to comparing electronic and hydraulic components. In this video", "icd2TrszG_A-00001-00001569-00001980": "you'll learn about the similarities of electronic and hydraulic components and", "icd2TrszG_A-00002-00001980-00002589": "be able to pair schematic symbols. Through the review of examples, the", "icd2TrszG_A-00003-00002589-00003002": "operation of an electronic circuit is similar to that of a hydraulic circuit.", "icd2TrszG_A-00004-00003002-00003551": "The components are also very similar. Take a moment to review the schematic", "icd2TrszG_A-00005-00003551-00004073": "symbols for the electronic and hydraulic components in each column. The symbols in", "icd2TrszG_A-00006-00004073-00004479": "each column represent the electronic and hydraulic components that are similar in", "icd2TrszG_A-00007-00004479-00004948": "function. Now, follow along as we review the", "icd2TrszG_A-00008-00004948-00005455": "similar functions of the electronic and hydraulic components in each column.", "icd2TrszG_A-00009-00005455-00005839": "The reservoir is a common point in the hydraulic circuit where fluid begins to", "icd2TrszG_A-00010-00005839-00006310": "flow and where it leaves a hydraulic system. The ground is a common point", "icd2TrszG_A-00011-00006310-00006709": "where current begins to flow through the electronic circuit and where it returns", "icd2TrszG_A-00012-00006709-00007168": "after going through their circuit. The pump causes fluid to flow through a", "icd2TrszG_A-00013-00007168-00007659": "hydraulic system. The power supply causes current to flow through an electronic", "icd2TrszG_A-00014-00007659-00008197": "circuit. The pressure gauge measures the pressure at a given location in a", "icd2TrszG_A-00015-00008197-00008707": "hydraulic circuit. The voltmeter measures electrical pressure at a given point in", "icd2TrszG_A-00016-00008707-00009256": "an electronic circuit. The flow meter measures how much hydraulic fluid flows", "icd2TrszG_A-00017-00009256-00009676": "through the pipe to which it is connected. The ammeter measures how much", "icd2TrszG_A-00018-00009676-00010168": "current flows through the wire to which it is connected. The pressure relief", "icd2TrszG_A-00019-00010168-00010570": "valve maintains a constant pressure at the circuit location to which it is", "icd2TrszG_A-00020-00010570-00011005": "connected. The voltage regulator maintains a constant electrical pressure,", "icd2TrszG_A-00021-00011005-00011542": "or voltage, at the circuit location to which it is connected. The directional", "icd2TrszG_A-00022-00011542-00012022": "valve opens or closes the hydraulic circuit to enable fluid to flow or to", "icd2TrszG_A-00023-00012022-00012520": "stop it. The switch opens or closes the electrical circuit to either enable", "icd2TrszG_A-00024-00012520-00013020": "current to flow or to stop it from flowing. The accumulator begins to store", "icd2TrszG_A-00025-00013020-00013429": "fluid when the pressure increases and discharges to the fluid to maintain flow", "icd2TrszG_A-00026-00013429-00013990": "when the system pressure decreases. The capacitor begins to store electrons when", "icd2TrszG_A-00027-00013990-00014401": "the voltage pressure increases and discharges electrons when the voltage", "icd2TrszG_A-00028-00014401-00014965": "pressure decreases. The variable flow control valve is a restriction that can", "icd2TrszG_A-00029-00014965-00015382": "change the amount of fluid flow that occurs in the hydraulic system.", "icd2TrszG_A-00030-00015382-00015811": "The variable resistor, or rheostat, is a restrictor that can change the amount of", "icd2TrszG_A-00031-00015811-00016231": "current flow that occurs in the electronic circuit. The check valve", "icd2TrszG_A-00032-00016231-00016681": "allows fluid to flow through it in one direction and blocks the fluid flow in", "icd2TrszG_A-00033-00016681-00017101": "the opposite direction. The diode allows current to flow through it in one", "icd2TrszG_A-00034-00017101-00017635": "direction and blocks the current flow in the opposite direction. As fluid flows", "icd2TrszG_A-00035-00017635-00018070": "through the hydraulic motor it converts hydraulic energy into mechanical", "icd2TrszG_A-00036-00018070-00018544": "energy. As current flows through the electrical motor it converts electrical", "icd2TrszG_A-00037-00018544-00019189": "power into mechanical energy. The fluid exits the hydraulic system and re-enters", "icd2TrszG_A-00038-00019189-00019708": "through the reservoir. The current exits the circuit and re-enters through the", "icd2TrszG_A-00039-00019708-00020287": "ground. Now, try to match the electronic components at the top with the hydraulic", "icd2TrszG_A-00040-00020287-00020809": "components at the bottom that performs a similar function. If you get stuck you", "icd2TrszG_A-00041-00020809-00021284": "can go through the video again to review the pairings.", "icd2TrszG_A-00043-00032152-00032611": "You have completed the video: Comparing electronic and hydraulic components.", "icd2TrszG_A-00044-00032611-00033226": "Thanks for watching. If you liked the video give us a thumbs up!"}}, {"audio_id": "icA2tIy24qu", "text": {"icA2tIy24qu-00000-00000003-00000533": "Hello, this is Katie Walker. In this video tutorial I'm going to show you how you", "icA2tIy24qu-00001-00000533-00001173": "can use Digication 2.0, which at UAA we call eWolf, to create an individual", "icA2tIy24qu-00002-00001173-00001710": "e-portfolio based on a course template. So you're going to begin at the UAA or", "icA2tIy24qu-00003-00001710-00002252": "School of Education website, click Quick Links in the top right corner and then", "icA2tIy24qu-00004-00002252-00003213": "eWolf eportfolio. Note that there are some announcements and things you can read on", "icA2tIy24qu-00005-00003213-00003714": "this page. Go ahead and click login and type in your username and password. The", "icA2tIy24qu-00006-00003714-00004302": "same one you use for Blackboard and click login and when you get to your", "icA2tIy24qu-00007-00004302-00004860": "dashboard you'll see all of your web... I'm sorry, all of your e-portfolios that", "icA2tIy24qu-00008-00004860-00005196": "you have created in the past (and you can create an unlimited number of", "icA2tIy24qu-00009-00005196-00005694": "eportfolios, just by clicking this plus button. You can start from scratch. You", "icA2tIy24qu-00010-00005694-00006312": "can have some that you collaborate with other students with and so on. But for", "icA2tIy24qu-00011-00006312-00006828": "this project, you're going to be using a template that was created for you in one", "icA2tIy24qu-00012-00006828-00007256": "of your courses, so you're going to start by going to the very top where you have", "icA2tIy24qu-00013-00007256-00007964": "a menu across: home, courses, eportfolio, subscriptions, and help. Click courses and", "icA2tIy24qu-00014-00007964-00008433": "scroll down and find the course that you're creating the e-portfolio for.", "icA2tIy24qu-00015-00008433-00008910": "Click on that course then in the middle of the screen you'll see a number of", "icA2tIy24qu-00016-00008910-00009506": "different tabs starting with notifications, etc. Find the", "icA2tIy24qu-00017-00009506-00010197": "e-portfolios tab partway across. Click eportfolios and you'll see that", "icA2tIy24qu-00018-00010197-00010775": "one of them says \"create a portfolio from template.\" Go ahead and click that button", "icA2tIy24qu-00019-00010775-00011478": "and now you title it by going ahead and putting something unique like the name", "icA2tIy24qu-00020-00011478-00011988": "of the course maybe and then your initial and last name.", "icA2tIy24qu-00021-00011988-00012582": "The important thing is that's going to be the URL of the e-portfolio address so", "icA2tIy24qu-00022-00012582-00013140": "basically the URL is a website and it needs to be unique every time. So you", "icA2tIy24qu-00023-00013140-00013356": "can't just name everything with your name", "icA2tIy24qu-00024-00013356-00013683": "because you won't be able to tell them apart and and it won't allow you to", "icA2tIy24qu-00025-00013683-00014124": "because each one has to have a unique address. So your portfolio is private but", "icA2tIy24qu-00026-00014124-00014658": "it is set up so that as you publish it, your instructor will be able to see it.", "icA2tIy24qu-00027-00014658-00015159": "So you don't need to do anything but type in the title then click the blue", "icA2tIy24qu-00028-00015159-00015765": "create button at the bottom and it'll take just a minute to process the new", "icA2tIy24qu-00029-00015765-00016433": "e-portfolio, and then you can see that a [portfolio based on the] template has been created for you. So", "icA2tIy24qu-00030-00016433-00016970": "the changes that you make are saved automatically in this version and notice", "icA2tIy24qu-00031-00016970-00017313": "at the top that you do have edit mode and published view so we're going to", "icA2tIy24qu-00032-00017313-00017760": "want to be working in edit mode. So the first thing is you might want to change", "icA2tIy24qu-00033-00017760-00018243": "this header so you can have a unique e-portfolio. This header is locked so you", "icA2tIy24qu-00034-00018243-00018687": "don't accidentally change things on every single page. These are all your", "icA2tIy24qu-00035-00018687-00019131": "different pages so we have the professional action plan and that will", "icA2tIy24qu-00036-00019131-00019638": "show up in the URL at the top whichever one you're on and the school community", "icA2tIy24qu-00037-00019638-00020070": "study and so on. Each of these are different pages for which you will add", "icA2tIy24qu-00038-00020070-00020532": "things and I'll show you how to do that in a moment. For now I just want to point", "icA2tIy24qu-00039-00020532-00021147": "out that you can change this by temporarily unlocking it and then", "icA2tIy24qu-00040-00021147-00021576": "there's a couple of things you can do. So you can go ahead and find this text box", "icA2tIy24qu-00041-00021576-00022104": "you can either click the edit button to the right where it says unlock header", "icA2tIy24qu-00042-00022104-00022584": "and insert your name here you can just go ahead double click there and type in", "icA2tIy24qu-00043-00022584-00023173": "your name and then you can take a moment, if you'd like to, to format it. Header is", "icA2tIy24qu-00044-00023173-00023735": "bigger and you can make it bold and there's... you don't want to make a bullet", "icA2tIy24qu-00045-00023735-00024395": "list. So there's also some different colors and so on. So you can play around", "icA2tIy24qu-00046-00024395-00025025": "with some of that you can have text color and a highlight color and so on. So", "icA2tIy24qu-00047-00025025-00025451": "also if you click on the Settings button below that there are some additional", "icA2tIy24qu-00048-00025451-00025970": "options here which you can change the back of the background color from white", "icA2tIy24qu-00049-00025970-00026795": "to a different color if you would like and so I made it grey. Okay the other", "icA2tIy24qu-00050-00026795-00027227": "thing you can do is you can go ahead and delete this picture. It will always", "icA2tIy24qu-00051-00027227-00027825": "double check \"are you sure you want to delete it\" you have to type it the exact way but it shows and now", "icA2tIy24qu-00052-00027825-00028488": "I can add my own image. There's a couple ways I can do that but one way would", "icA2tIy24qu-00053-00028488-00029018": "just be to click on the Settings button come down here to image and select image", "icA2tIy24qu-00054-00029018-00029724": "and I'm just going to upload a file. Select files to upload and I'll just go", "icA2tIy24qu-00055-00029724-00030827": "ahead and pick the hydrangeas and upload and now my e-portfolio will look a", "icA2tIy24qu-00056-00030827-00031309": "little bit different, a little unique... There they are.", "icA2tIy24qu-00057-00031309-00031865": "And then I'm going to close that section. Now it's really important to and I can", "icA2tIy24qu-00058-00031865-00032387": "move this around. So this one I have to use the four-headed arrow to move it and", "icA2tIy24qu-00059-00032387-00032787": "I can also adjust the size of that,  whoops, there we go.", "icA2tIy24qu-00060-00032787-00033222": "So it looks a little bit better because of my photo over here. Now the important", "icA2tIy24qu-00061-00033222-00033582": "thing is to relock this header because I don't want to accidentally make any", "icA2tIy24qu-00062-00033582-00033912": "other changes and so that's what this banner is indicating so I'm going to", "icA2tIy24qu-00063-00033912-00034391": "lock that back up again. Okay now my e-portfolio looks a little bit more", "icA2tIy24qu-00064-00034391-00034940": "unique so I can go to all of these sections and add the different documents", "icA2tIy24qu-00065-00034940-00035382": "and things that I have been asked to add. So for example under Home I'm going to...", "icA2tIy24qu-00066-00035382-00035819": "this is the only one that has a little caret here that means it has a sub page.", "icA2tIy24qu-00067-00035819-00036180": "The rest of them are all just single pages. I'm going to go ahead and choose", "icA2tIy24qu-00068-00036180-00036825": "Home, Bio and pictures and now I'm on the bio and pictures page so when I scroll", "icA2tIy24qu-00069-00036825-00037275": "down I can add content with either of the blue pluses. So whether it's the", "icA2tIy24qu-00070-00037275-00037893": "small one or the big one, it doesn't matter. And when I want to add my bio, one", "icA2tIy24qu-00071-00037893-00038394": "way to add it would be just to type it in or to copy and paste it and for that", "icA2tIy24qu-00072-00038394-00039116": "I would use the text and then rich text option. So I've gone and copied my bio", "icA2tIy24qu-00073-00039116-00039563": "from another document and now I'm going to paste it right in here, and notice", "icA2tIy24qu-00074-00039563-00039846": "that when I paste it in this box I have these different", "icA2tIy24qu-00075-00039846-00040503": "options similar to what we saw earlier. Different formatting options and I can", "icA2tIy24qu-00076-00040503-00041181": "also add hyperlinks so if I wanted to hyperlink the, whoops, I should change", "icA2tIy24qu-00077-00041181-00041747": "that shouldn't I? Okay so hyperlink this for example so I", "icA2tIy24qu-00078-00041747-00042359": "select it then what I want to do is to go ahead and go to the School of", "icA2tIy24qu-00079-00042359-00042987": "Education website and copy (ctrl or command C) and go back over to my", "icA2tIy24qu-00080-00042987-00043422": "e-portfolio with the word selected all I have to do is click the chain-link", "icA2tIy24qu-00081-00043422-00044259": "button and paste, checkmark, and now this is a hyperlink. So if I have clicked", "icA2tIy24qu-00082-00044259-00045090": "outside this box, in order to go back and edit this I can either double click in", "icA2tIy24qu-00083-00045090-00045569": "it or I can use this button right here. And this would allow me to move it so if", "icA2tIy24qu-00084-00045569-00046088": "I went and hit the blue circle and added another module underneath like maybe I", "icA2tIy24qu-00085-00046088-00046506": "wanted to add some pictures, I can connect with Google photos if I want.", "icA2tIy24qu-00086-00046506-00047115": "That's pretty handy if you use Google photos or I can just upload and if I", "icA2tIy24qu-00087-00047115-00048234": "click on let's see I'll choose chrysanthemum and choose upload so I can", "icA2tIy24qu-00088-00048234-00049074": "add pictures. And so once again this would be the edit button, this would be", "icA2tIy24qu-00089-00049074-00049553": "settings, this would allow me to move, so if I wanted to drag and drop to", "icA2tIy24qu-00090-00049553-00049997": "flip-flop one above the other, that would be the four-headed arrow and then also I", "icA2tIy24qu-00091-00049997-00050678": "can delete things with the trashcan. So those are some basics. Now if I wanted to", "icA2tIy24qu-00092-00050678-00051146": "add a word or a PDF file I'll show you how that would work. So I'm going to", "icA2tIy24qu-00093-00051146-00051594": "click on Professional Action Plan and then below that either one of the blue", "icA2tIy24qu-00094-00051594-00052137": "\"add content\" buttons this time I'm going to look at file or document. They're very", "icA2tIy24qu-00095-00052137-00052616": "very similar in the end. Generally you're probably going to choose document and", "icA2tIy24qu-00096-00052616-00053203": "then find your PDF or your Word file so for this example I just chose", "icA2tIy24qu-00097-00053203-00053839": "a random PDF file as an example I'm going to go ahead and hit upload and", "icA2tIy24qu-00098-00053839-00054433": "it'll take just a minute (since that's kind of a big file) to appear and there", "icA2tIy24qu-00099-00054433-00055387": "it is. And so once again I can grab the border here and make it bigger. There it", "icA2tIy24qu-00100-00055387-00055990": "is so it's a little bit easier to see so the difference is when I click on this", "icA2tIy24qu-00101-00055990-00056527": "you can see that I have some different options so this is the best way to add", "icA2tIy24qu-00102-00056527-00057022": "multi-page files so what I did is I chose, if you remember, Document but it", "icA2tIy24qu-00103-00057022-00057412": "would work almost exactly the same if I chose File. So it has a lot of different", "icA2tIy24qu-00104-00057412-00057778": "options at the top for this type of a document and again if I needed add", "icA2tIy24qu-00105-00057778-00058150": "another document I could just scroll down here and hit the plus and I could", "icA2tIy24qu-00106-00058150-00058573": "add a different document. So if I wanted to add a Word document I'll demonstrate", "icA2tIy24qu-00107-00058573-00058957": "what that looks like, very similar. And so once again I've", "icA2tIy24qu-00108-00058957-00059395": "chosen kind of a random file as an example here this is a document a Word", "icA2tIy24qu-00109-00059395-00060064": "document. I'm going to upload that and that will appear in just a moment below", "icA2tIy24qu-00110-00060064-00060811": "the other file. So once again I can make things bigger, drag them, I can drag them", "icA2tIy24qu-00111-00060811-00061261": "beyond this column structure so if I wanted to make this one wider I could", "icA2tIy24qu-00112-00061261-00061939": "definitely do that and again I can scroll down and I can make it as big as", "icA2tIy24qu-00113-00061939-00062496": "I want to make the box. So these are just one below the other one on the same page", "icA2tIy24qu-00114-00062496-00063097": "so you would continue to go to each page and add the documents that you've been", "icA2tIy24qu-00115-00063097-00063558": "asked to add, or type or paste them in, depending on what they are. So another", "icA2tIy24qu-00116-00063558-00064135": "thing you might want to do is put a video in, so I'll just pick this as an", "icA2tIy24qu-00117-00064135-00064840": "example add content and then I would probably... the best way to add a video is", "icA2tIy24qu-00118-00064840-00065488": "to embed it and I recently used YouTube URL but just so you know its way down", "icA2tIy24qu-00119-00065488-00065941": "alphabetically at the bottom of this list. So when I choose YouTube URL I can", "icA2tIy24qu-00120-00065941-00066580": "just go to YouTube find the video that I want and copy", "icA2tIy24qu-00121-00066580-00067342": "the URL, come back and paste it (ctrl or command V) and it'll take just a minute", "icA2tIy24qu-00122-00067342-00067836": "for it to find it and then I can click the blue embed button at the bottom and", "icA2tIy24qu-00123-00067836-00068509": "now you can see that it added that video. And once again I can adjust the size of", "icA2tIy24qu-00124-00068509-00069172": "this a little bit, make sure it all fits in that window. So again my changes have", "icA2tIy24qu-00125-00069172-00069748": "been saved all along. If I publish changes it will only publish this one", "icA2tIy24qu-00126-00069748-00070269": "page, so the school community study, so in order for your instructor to see", "icA2tIy24qu-00127-00070269-00070843": "everything you've done, you need to go to the far right and choose publish pages", "icA2tIy24qu-00128-00070843-00071857": "and publish all the pages at once. Click continue, click save and now everything", "icA2tIy24qu-00129-00071857-00072175": "will be published. You can see what it looks like by going over into published", "icA2tIy24qu-00130-00072175-00072721": "view and you can make sure that when you click on Home and Bio that the", "icA2tIy24qu-00131-00072721-00073258": "information you put there is there. The professional action plan document takes", "icA2tIy24qu-00132-00073258-00073930": "a moment to load and so on and then the video I put here. So once again if you", "icA2tIy24qu-00133-00073930-00074341": "want to work, you need to go back into edit mode. Anything can be deleted if you", "icA2tIy24qu-00134-00074341-00074797": "change your mind. It's easy to fix if you put something in the wrong place; you can", "icA2tIy24qu-00135-00074797-00075247": "just delete it and then you can go to the right place and put it there. So lots", "icA2tIy24qu-00136-00075247-00075580": "of other options you can play around with if you wanted to add like a color", "icA2tIy24qu-00137-00075580-00076033": "along the outside or something like that you could use this but those are the", "icA2tIy24qu-00138-00076033-00076581": "basics so hopefully this will help you with your e-portfolio."}}, {"audio_id": "icGJ7RoC6Q8", "text": {"icGJ7RoC6Q8-00000-00000871-00001233": "Travel to coordinates 69, 21 and accept \"Wanted: Kil'uun\"", "icGJ7RoC6Q8-00001-00001233-00001397": "from 'Patrick Messer.'", "icGJ7RoC6Q8-00002-00002012-00002214": "Travel southeast, exiting Fort Wrynn,", "icGJ7RoC6Q8-00003-00002214-00002535": "and cross the bridge at coordinates 73, 26.", "icGJ7RoC6Q8-00004-00003032-00003354": "'Kil'uun' patrols around Vol'jin's Pride, and will cross this same bridge you have just", "icGJ7RoC6Q8-00005-00003354-00003765": "crossed.  He will also spawn in the vicinity of 73, 26 [on the bridge].", "icGJ7RoC6Q8-00006-00004786-00005052": "Once 'Kil'uun' spawns, kill it, and loot it's beak.", "icGJ7RoC6Q8-00007-00008052-00008254": "Travel north, back over the bridge, to Fort Wrynn,", "icGJ7RoC6Q8-00008-00008254-00008574": "turning in the quest to 'Patrick Messer' at 69, 21.", "icGJ7RoC6Q8-00009-00010078-00010300": "If you like this video, thumbs up and subscribe."}}, {"audio_id": "icPrci0SlH8", "text": {"icPrci0SlH8-00000-00001510-00002189": "Diene and polyene metal complexes are a natural extension after discussing olefin complexes.", "icPrci0SlH8-00001-00002189-00002798": "So, in this lecture, what we will do is to look at some of the diene complexes that are", "icPrci0SlH8-00002-00002798-00003385": "readily available and also look at the structure and bonding in these systems.", "icPrci0SlH8-00003-00003385-00003984": "If you look at the ligand space that is available for organometallic chemistry, you will notice", "icPrci0SlH8-00004-00003984-00004676": "that they can be roughly divided into 2 halves, especially ones which are having a metal carbon", "icPrci0SlH8-00005-00004676-00005269": "bond. So, these are the ligands, which are available when you have a metal carbon bond.", "icPrci0SlH8-00006-00005269-00006035": "This is indicated by this large cloud compounds that support organometallic chemistry and", "icPrci0SlH8-00007-00006035-00006788": "support metal carbon bonds. Here, you do not have, do not generate a metal carbon bond.", "icPrci0SlH8-00008-00006788-00007544": "Inherently, such as phosphines and nitrocylls are formed are another class. These are indicated", "icPrci0SlH8-00009-00007544-00007958": "by this smaller cloud. So, if you take the ligand space, which has", "icPrci0SlH8-00010-00007958-00008613": "only metal carbon bonds, you can divide them into 2 groups. One group is a one, which has", "icPrci0SlH8-00011-00008613-00009317": "got an even number of carbon atoms bond to the metal. These are alkenes, alkynes dienes", "icPrci0SlH8-00012-00009317-00009836": "and trienes. So, it is this group that we are talking about. In the second group, we", "icPrci0SlH8-00013-00009836-00010534": "can talk about a series of ligands where we have an odd number of carbon atoms bonded", "icPrci0SlH8-00014-00010534-00010961": "to the metal. These are listed on the top. In between, there", "icPrci0SlH8-00015-00010961-00011689": "is a unique carbon monoxide ligand and some substitute for carbon monoxide and also some", "icPrci0SlH8-00016-00011689-00012595": "components where you have only this sigma bond. Those are the alkyls. This is indicated", "icPrci0SlH8-00017-00012595-00013559": "by metal alkyls vinyls and etcetera. So, today we will talk about the chemistry of metal", "icPrci0SlH8-00018-00013559-00014163": "poly olefins dienes mostly.", "icPrci0SlH8-00019-00014163-00014916": "If you look at dienes, these are just examples of compounds where you have 2 double bonds", "icPrci0SlH8-00020-00014916-00015494": "strung together. It is quite common in organometallic chemistry.", "icPrci0SlH8-00021-00015494-00016169": "If you look at the molecular orbits of pi system that is there in diene, you will notice", "icPrci0SlH8-00022-00016169-00017025": "that the most stable or the lowest energy pi bonding orbital is the one which is labeled", "icPrci0SlH8-00023-00017025-00018366": "as psi 1. It has the phase of all 4 p orbitals the same. So, you have no node in the pi orbital", "icPrci0SlH8-00024-00018366-00018748": "manifold. Secondly, you have a system where you have", "icPrci0SlH8-00025-00018748-00019572": "a single node. It is denoted here as psi 2. Then, the third molecular orbital has got", "icPrci0SlH8-00026-00019572-00020748": "2 nodes. These 2 nodes are indicated here. The orbital which has got 3 nodes that is", "icPrci0SlH8-00027-00020748-00021543": "the highest energy orbital, would be molecular orbital, would be vacant. So, let us take", "icPrci0SlH8-00028-00021543-00022365": "a look at the metal orbitals that are available for interaction with a simple polyene system,", "icPrci0SlH8-00029-00022365-00022738": "the diene system which is shown here.", "icPrci0SlH8-00030-00022738-00023372": "The metal orbitals can be conveniently drawn in this particular fashion. If you take a", "icPrci0SlH8-00031-00023372-00023970": "3 d element, then you have the 4 s orbital which is available. So, this is the 4 s orbital,", "icPrci0SlH8-00032-00023970-00024681": "which is available. Then, you have the 3 p, the 4 p orbitals, which are available. Then,", "icPrci0SlH8-00033-00024681-00025619": "you have 4 p orbitals, which are available. These are 4 p x, 4 p y and 4 p z orbitals.", "icPrci0SlH8-00034-00025619-00026431": "They are higher in energy. Then, the corresponding d orbitals are the 3 d orbitals, which are", "icPrci0SlH8-00035-00026431-00026741": "drawn here. You will notice that we have drawn the d z", "icPrci0SlH8-00036-00026741-00027629": "square xy xz and y yz. We have not drawn the d x square minus y z orbitals that is there.", "icPrci0SlH8-00037-00027629-00028474": "Of course, you can note it down as d x square minus y z orbital. It is something, which", "icPrci0SlH8-00038-00028474-00029189": "does not have a proper overlap with the butadiene orbital. We will see that in a minute. So,", "icPrci0SlH8-00039-00029189-00029774": "let us take a look at how these orbitals can be matched up. Interestingly, if you draw", "icPrci0SlH8-00040-00029774-00030288": "in this particular fashion, you will realize that they are exactly in the same order in", "icPrci0SlH8-00041-00030288-00030930": "which they match the butadiene orbitals. So, here are the butadiene orbitals.", "icPrci0SlH8-00042-00030930-00032198": "The 4 s orbitals and the 4 p z, 4 s, 4 p z and the 3 d z squared all have the right combination", "icPrci0SlH8-00043-00032198-00032893": "to overlap with the totally symmetric combinations of p orbitals, which form the lowest pi bonding", "icPrci0SlH8-00044-00032893-00033494": "orbitals. So, that is the psi 1. That will be filled with 2 electrons. So, you have 2", "icPrci0SlH8-00045-00033494-00034119": "electrons here. So, for butadiene, you have 2 totals of 4 pi electrons. So, you have 2", "icPrci0SlH8-00046-00034119-00035083": "electrons here also. This combination of s p and d z squared has to be empty in order", "icPrci0SlH8-00047-00035083-00035483": "to interact favorably with the filled psi 1 orbital.", "icPrci0SlH8-00048-00035483-00035943": "So, this is the filled orbital. This has to be metal orbital has to be an empty one in", "icPrci0SlH8-00049-00035943-00036679": "order to form a fir rule combination. So, invariably it is going to be the 4 s and the", "icPrci0SlH8-00050-00036679-00037230": "4 p, which are most suitable if you have a late transition metal. If you have an early", "icPrci0SlH8-00051-00037230-00037818": "transition metal of course, where the 3 d minus 4 is also relatively empty, then you", "icPrci0SlH8-00052-00037818-00038388": "can utilize the 3 d orbitals, 3 d z squared for interacting with this one. Notice what", "icPrci0SlH8-00053-00038388-00039383": "happens when you move on to the next higher line orbital. This is your homo orbital. The", "icPrci0SlH8-00054-00039383-00039903": "highest occupied pi molecular orbital on the butadiene has got 1 node.", "icPrci0SlH8-00055-00039903-00040632": "So, you need to choose an appropriate atomic orbital on the metal atom. So, this has to", "icPrci0SlH8-00056-00040632-00041544": "be either the 4 p y. If you orient the butadiene in such a way in this fashion, then you will", "icPrci0SlH8-00057-00041544-00042768": "have to choose the 4 p y and 4 d or the 3 d, 3 d y z in order to interact with this", "icPrci0SlH8-00058-00042768-00043491": "filled side too. So, the filled side 2 can interact with 3 d y z or 4 p y.", "icPrci0SlH8-00059-00043491-00044419": "Now, let us assume that the orientation of the metal is along the z axis. The butadiene", "icPrci0SlH8-00060-00044419-00045571": "is itself is lying in the xy plane ligand. The metal is along the z axis. So, this is", "icPrci0SlH8-00061-00045571-00046599": "your z axis. So, if the metal is lying along the axis, if the butadiene is along is lying", "icPrci0SlH8-00062-00046599-00047033": "on the xy plane, and then you will have this particular combination. So, this is the e", "icPrci0SlH8-00063-00047033-00047775": "filled orbital again. The second pi orbital is the filled orbital. So, you need to choose", "icPrci0SlH8-00064-00047775-00048708": "an empty metal orbital. So, that will be 4 p y or the 3 d y z in case the metal is early", "icPrci0SlH8-00065-00048708-00049271": "transitional metal and has got empty orbitals. You will notice there is a slight difference", "icPrci0SlH8-00066-00049271-00050209": "in the type of interaction that is present in the butadiene and the s p and d z squared", "icPrci0SlH8-00067-00050209-00050852": "orbital that we talked about first. If you rotate the butadiene along the z axis, so", "icPrci0SlH8-00068-00050852-00051500": "if you carry out a rotation in this fashion, if you do this particular operation, nothing", "icPrci0SlH8-00069-00051500-00052111": "can happen to the bonding interaction between the metal and the butadiene. On the other", "icPrci0SlH8-00070-00052111-00053099": "hand, if you take this combination, if you rotate along this axis that is the z axis,", "icPrci0SlH8-00071-00053099-00053497": "what you will realize is that you will break the type of interaction.", "icPrci0SlH8-00072-00053497-00054502": "The favorable interaction that is there between these 2 lobes has got perfect overlap. Now,", "icPrci0SlH8-00073-00054502-00055182": "you have a nice overlap here and a nice overlap here that is stabilizing. You will break this", "icPrci0SlH8-00074-00055182-00055980": "if you rotate the metal with respect to the butadiene. So, this is the pi type orbital", "icPrci0SlH8-00075-00055980-00056724": "molecular orbital that de generate. So, one is sigma where you do not break any interaction", "icPrci0SlH8-00076-00056724-00057348": "if you rotate. The other is the pi because you will spoil the interaction and make it", "icPrci0SlH8-00077-00057348-00058199": "completely 0 if you turn it by 90 degrees. So, let us move onto the third interaction.", "icPrci0SlH8-00078-00058199-00059258": "Here we have an empty orbital. This is an empty orbital. So, we will call this the lumo.", "icPrci0SlH8-00079-00059258-00060154": "So, it is the lowest unoccupied orbital on the butadiene. So, the psi 3 is an empty orbital.", "icPrci0SlH8-00080-00060154-00060813": "So, you need to take a filled orbital and invariably if you want to have a stabilizing", "icPrci0SlH8-00081-00060813-00061650": "interaction between the metal and the butadiene this is empty. It has to be interacting with", "icPrci0SlH8-00082-00061650-00062373": "a d x z orbital because of 4 p is unlikely to be filled.", "icPrci0SlH8-00083-00062373-00063767": "So, the 3 d xz orbital if it is filled, then it can interact by pumping in electrons into", "icPrci0SlH8-00084-00063767-00064495": "the empty psi 3 orbital. So, again you will notice that this is the pi type of interaction", "icPrci0SlH8-00085-00064495-00065136": "because if you rotate it with respect to the along the z axis, if you rotate one either", "icPrci0SlH8-00086-00065136-00065823": "the metal or the butadiene with respect to the other, then you will end up breaking the", "icPrci0SlH8-00087-00065823-00066349": "type of interaction that is there between psi 3 on the butadiene and the metal. So,", "icPrci0SlH8-00088-00066349-00067056": "this is again a pi type of orbital. The last type of interaction is a type of", "icPrci0SlH8-00089-00067056-00067701": "a delta bond, which can be formed between the butadiene and the metal is pictured here.", "icPrci0SlH8-00090-00067701-00068518": "This is the high lying empty orbital. This has got 3 nodes. This is the high lying empty", "icPrci0SlH8-00091-00068518-00069266": "orbital with 3 nodes. This can interact with the d x y orbital. This type of interaction", "icPrci0SlH8-00092-00069266-00070004": "is going to be very weak because d orbital is not pointed towards the diene. It is on", "icPrci0SlH8-00093-00070004-00070944": "the plane parallel with 2butadiene and butadiene and the metal orbital are in 2 parallel planes.", "icPrci0SlH8-00094-00070944-00071551": "So, the type of interaction that would be there that is delta bond. If you rotate it", "icPrci0SlH8-00095-00071551-00072648": "by 45 degrees, you would lose all the overlap. So, this is a very weak bond. It is possible", "icPrci0SlH8-00096-00072648-00073514": "between the d x y and psi 4. So, d x y is filled. The 3 d xy is filled. So, you can", "icPrci0SlH8-00097-00073514-00074036": "pump electron density into the psi 4, but this is likely to be a very weak interaction.", "icPrci0SlH8-00098-00074036-00074668": "So, these are the types of interaction that you can have between the butadiene and the", "icPrci0SlH8-00099-00074668-00075043": "metal fragment the metal orbital primarily.", "icPrci0SlH8-00100-00075043-00075754": "So, here I have shown you some pictures, the type orbital pictures that normally would", "icPrci0SlH8-00101-00075754-00076687": "generate using molecular program. So, you have the 4 orbitals and you can see the node", "icPrci0SlH8-00102-00076687-00077779": "here very clearly. There is this single node that you have in between the 2 double bonds.", "icPrci0SlH8-00103-00077779-00078818": "You have 2 nodes in this case and the 3 nodes there are pictured here. So, the butadiene", "icPrci0SlH8-00104-00078818-00079644": "orbitals that are available are kept in one plane and the metal is below the plane. It", "icPrci0SlH8-00105-00079644-00079806": "is interacting with the butadiene.", "icPrci0SlH8-00106-00079806-00080488": "So, if you look, let us take a look at the energies one calculates for the butadiene", "icPrci0SlH8-00107-00080488-00081224": "and compare them with what you have with ethylene. So, if you draw cis butadiene, the butadiene", "icPrci0SlH8-00108-00081224-00081693": "twists itself because it does not like the interaction that is there between the 2hydrogens,", "icPrci0SlH8-00109-00081693-00082367": "which are pictured here. So, what butadiene does is that it twists a little bit. These", "icPrci0SlH8-00110-00082367-00083047": "are the energies of the twisted orbital, but nevertheless, they illustrate some key principles.", "icPrci0SlH8-00111-00083047-00083782": "If the butadiene is cis, the highest occupied orbital, this is the highest occupied molecular", "icPrci0SlH8-00112-00083782-00084773": "orbital is lying at minus 6.7 electron volts. In the case of ethylene, the energy is at", "icPrci0SlH8-00113-00084773-00085460": "minus 7.6 electron volts. What this means is the 2 electrons, which are lying in the", "icPrci0SlH8-00114-00085460-00086454": "homo can be donated to the metal more readily than the electrons on the ethylene. So, butadiene", "icPrci0SlH8-00115-00086454-00087023": "would in principle be a better donor. Not only has it had 2 pi bonds to donate electron", "icPrci0SlH8-00116-00087023-00087643": "density to the metal, it also able to donate it more effectively. This is because of the", "icPrci0SlH8-00117-00087643-00088354": "higher lying energy of the homo, higher lying homo orbital. Now, let us take a look at the", "icPrci0SlH8-00118-00088354-00089120": "lumo. You will notice that the lumo is at minus 0.1 electron volts, in the case of ethylene.", "icPrci0SlH8-00119-00089120-00089692": "So, in the case ethylene, it is at minus 0.1 where as in the corresponding calculation,", "icPrci0SlH8-00120-00089692-00090923": "one estimated minus 0.9 electron volts. So, this energy is lower. The lumo is at a lower", "icPrci0SlH8-00121-00090923-00091767": "level compared to the lumo of the ethylene. So, what this results in is fact that you", "icPrci0SlH8-00122-00091767-00092498": "can put in more electron density or rather you can put in electron density much more", "icPrci0SlH8-00123-00092498-00093179": "easily into the lumo of the butadiene, the cis butadiene. Then, you can put it into the", "icPrci0SlH8-00124-00093179-00093948": "lumo of the ethylene. So, cis butadiene is better acceptor. At the same time, it turns", "icPrci0SlH8-00125-00093948-00094266": "out to be a better donor.", "icPrci0SlH8-00126-00094266-00095118": "So, this has got some many important consequences in principle. Then, as you go on from an ethylene", "icPrci0SlH8-00127-00095118-00096016": "to butadiene to triene, you will keep increasing the donor capacity of the ene. You will increase", "icPrci0SlH8-00128-00096016-00096795": "the acceptor capacity also at the same time. So, it will lead to much better bonding not", "icPrci0SlH8-00129-00096795-00097419": "just a matter of interacting to 2 parts of the ligand with the metal. Of course, that", "icPrci0SlH8-00130-00097419-00097922": "leads to something chelate effect. You have 2 double bonds interacting with same", "icPrci0SlH8-00131-00097922-00098554": "metal. You have something like chelate effect. In addition to that, you also have a situation", "icPrci0SlH8-00132-00098554-00099235": "where you have better donor capacity and better acceptor capacity. So, this turns out to be", "icPrci0SlH8-00133-00099235-00099995": "a key factor in the study of the butadiene or polyene with metal complexes.", "icPrci0SlH8-00134-00099995-00100833": "So, let us take a look at what happens to the bond distances. First take a look at what", "icPrci0SlH8-00135-00100833-00101581": "happens with ethane. In ethane, the bond distance is about 1.54 angstrom. So, 154 picometeres", "icPrci0SlH8-00136-00101581-00102503": "as it is given here in this projection. You reduce the bond distance to about 134 picometeres", "icPrci0SlH8-00137-00102503-00103155": "in ethylene that is the double bond and double bond between 2 carbon atoms. Then, it further", "icPrci0SlH8-00138-00103155-00103647": "falls to 120 picometeres in the case of tripe bond.", "icPrci0SlH8-00139-00103647-00104500": "So, these are somewhat like standard we can use and look at partial double bond orders,", "icPrci0SlH8-00140-00104500-00105320": "which will result when you start making cogitated olefins. So, there is an empirical relationship,", "icPrci0SlH8-00141-00105320-00105932": "which is being formed between the bond distance there is observed in the molecule and the", "icPrci0SlH8-00142-00105932-00106154": "bond order. This is because the bond order is something", "icPrci0SlH8-00143-00106154-00106733": "that we compute and we infer from the bond distance. So, it is the relationship between", "icPrci0SlH8-00144-00106733-00107240": "the 2. It is in fact a linear relationship. If you look at the carbon carbon distance", "icPrci0SlH8-00145-00107240-00107771": "in the molecule of the question, this is the carbon carbon distance in the molecule that", "icPrci0SlH8-00146-00107771-00109028": "we are discussing, and then if you subtract 0.18 p from 1.57, you can estimate. This gives", "icPrci0SlH8-00147-00109028-00109868": "you an estimate of the partial double character that you have partial or fractional pi bond", "icPrci0SlH8-00148-00109868-00110588": "order. So, that tells you how good a pi bond you have between the 2 carbons, which are", "icPrci0SlH8-00149-00110588-00111075": "separated by a particular distance. Let us take an example. Now, let us take a", "icPrci0SlH8-00150-00111075-00111900": "free butadiene. Free butadiene has got a bond distance of 134 picometeres between the 2", "icPrci0SlH8-00151-00111900-00113118": "carbons. So, that is 134 picometeres between the carbons and or rather 1.34 angstroms.", "icPrci0SlH8-00152-00113118-00114363": "You have a bond between C 2 and C 3 if this is 1, 2, 3, and 4, the C 2 C 3 distance is", "icPrci0SlH8-00153-00114363-00115443": "148 picometeres or 1.48 angstroms. So, this equation is actually given in angstroms. So,", "icPrci0SlH8-00154-00115443-00116345": "if you can calculate the pi bond order between the C 2 and C 3, it is actually only 1.2.", "icPrci0SlH8-00155-00116345-00117357": "The pi bond order between C 1 and C 2 is 1.98. So, it is almost the bond order is almost", "icPrci0SlH8-00156-00117357-00118313": "2 between the carbon 1 and carbon 2, and the carbon 2 carbons and carbon 3 is 1.2. This", "icPrci0SlH8-00157-00118313-00118907": "means it has got a partial pi bond order of 0.2. So, you know there is a delocalization", "icPrci0SlH8-00158-00118907-00119744": "between the 4 carbon atoms. So, we sometimes indicate it like this. So, that is indicated", "icPrci0SlH8-00159-00119744-00120539": "by this partial pi bond order. The pi bond order is 1.2. The pi bond order is 0.2. The", "icPrci0SlH8-00160-00120539-00121431": "total bond order is 1.2. So, let us proceed further.", "icPrci0SlH8-00161-00121431-00122290": "Now, let us take a look at the complex that is formed by butadiene and irontricarbonyl.", "icPrci0SlH8-00162-00122290-00123103": "This is probably the first tri carbonyl that was synthesized way back in 1938. Long before", "icPrci0SlH8-00163-00123103-00123645": "it was discovered, this complex or this molecule was known. What is interesting is that the", "icPrci0SlH8-00164-00123645-00124544": "carbon carbon bond length is almost the same. All carbon carbon bonds are approximately", "icPrci0SlH8-00165-00124544-00125921": "1.41 angstroms. So, this particular equation should be as 1.41 angstroms.", "icPrci0SlH8-00166-00125921-00127063": "So, this is 1.41 angstroms equals 1.517 minus point 1.8 p. This p is giving you the fractional", "icPrci0SlH8-00167-00127063-00127747": "bond order to which is the pi bond order. So, we get a value of 0.59, which means that", "icPrci0SlH8-00168-00127747-00128514": "the total bond order between Cs, each one of these carbons is 1.59. You will remember", "icPrci0SlH8-00169-00128514-00129085": "that this was close to 1.98 in the case of free butadiene. It is decreased considerably", "icPrci0SlH8-00170-00129085-00129963": "to 1.59. We also estimated 1.2 for the bond order between C2 and C3. Now, we are bringing", "icPrci0SlH8-00171-00129963-00130620": "it. We are increasing it to 1.59. So, what you will realize is that the bond", "icPrci0SlH8-00172-00130620-00131338": "order between C2 and C3 increases. The bond order between C1 and C2 drastically decreases.", "icPrci0SlH8-00173-00131338-00132094": "So, this delocalization is brought about by the iron atom, which is interacting with the", "icPrci0SlH8-00174-00132094-00132746": "butadiene. So, how does this come about? If you remember the doer chat duckenson model,", "icPrci0SlH8-00175-00132746-00133457": "which we discussed in detail earlier doer chat, and duckenson model DCD model or bonding,", "icPrci0SlH8-00176-00133457-00134140": "you remove electron density from the butadiene from the pi orbitals and push it into the", "icPrci0SlH8-00177-00134140-00134856": "pi star orbitals of the butadiene. So, let us take a look at interactions that we discussed", "icPrci0SlH8-00178-00134856-00135658": "earlier. So, here we notice that we remove electron", "icPrci0SlH8-00179-00135658-00136435": "density from the bonding orbitals. Electron density flow is from the bonding orbitals", "icPrci0SlH8-00180-00136435-00137148": "into the empty orbitals. This happens for psi 1, psi 2, and the 2 bonding orbitals of", "icPrci0SlH8-00181-00137148-00137898": "butadiene. We are pushing in electron density from the d x z into the empty lowest unoccupied", "icPrci0SlH8-00182-00137898-00138539": "molecular orbital that is the psi 3. So, what we are doing is something like removing electron", "icPrci0SlH8-00183-00138539-00139216": "density from the pi bonds and pushing into the pi star orbitals. So, this results in", "icPrci0SlH8-00184-00139216-00140073": "a weakening of the C1 and C2 bond and strengthening of the C2, C3 bond. This is because the C2,", "icPrci0SlH8-00185-00140073-00140931": "C3 has got some bonding interaction between the pi star or the lowest unoccupied molecular", "icPrci0SlH8-00186-00140931-00141056": "orbital.", "icPrci0SlH8-00187-00141056-00141977": "So, let us take a look at the structure itself. Here is the structure. This is called as s-cis-butadiene", "icPrci0SlH8-00188-00141977-00142981": "because you have in fact, cis geometry along the single bond. So, this is the s sigma cis", "icPrci0SlH8-00189-00142981-00144330": "butadiene complex that you have. So, you notice that the bond distance between C1, C2 is 1.419.", "icPrci0SlH8-00190-00144330-00145418": "It is slightly shorter than the longer distance that is formed between C1 and C2. So, let", "icPrci0SlH8-00191-00145418-00145900": "us take a look at the structure of this molecule in 3 d.", "icPrci0SlH8-00192-00145900-00146692": "So, this is the butadiene compound, which is complex to iron. Iron is shown in red.", "icPrci0SlH8-00193-00146692-00147507": "That is the atom in the center here in which the arrow is pointing. The butadiene itself", "icPrci0SlH8-00194-00147507-00148381": "is in a plane which is above the iron atom. So, this is the gray atom here indicated here", "icPrci0SlH8-00195-00148381-00149276": "or the carbon atoms. You will notice that the gray atoms are the carbon atoms.", "icPrci0SlH8-00196-00149276-00150012": "They are in a plane. They are all lying on one plane. The2 hydrogens at the terminal", "icPrci0SlH8-00197-00150012-00150575": "carbons are slightly twisted away from this place. Nevertheless, the 4 carbon atoms are", "icPrci0SlH8-00198-00150575-00151443": "interacting with the ion atoms, which is below the plane. The 3 carbon monoxides are in like", "icPrci0SlH8-00199-00151443-00152371": "a piano’s stool. They are like a stool for this small table, which is formed by the butadiene", "icPrci0SlH8-00200-00152371-00153437": "unit. So, let us get back to the structure here. So, you will notice that we have a slight", "icPrci0SlH8-00201-00153437-00154458": "widening of the 2 carbons in this geometry. We saw in the complex also.", "icPrci0SlH8-00202-00154458-00155362": "What we have done is remove electron density from this psi 2, its bonding orbital and push", "icPrci0SlH8-00203-00155362-00156022": "into the psi 3, which is the lowest unoccupied orbital. This is exactly what is going on", "icPrci0SlH8-00204-00156022-00156540": "when you have a photochemical reaction with butadiene. So, if butadiene absorbs light,", "icPrci0SlH8-00205-00156540-00157253": "there is an electronic excitation. You are doing exactly the same thing that we are doing", "icPrci0SlH8-00206-00157253-00157710": "when we form a metal complex. So, here is an example where butadiene is", "icPrci0SlH8-00207-00157710-00158258": "taken and it is photo excited. The first photo excited state, the lowest unoccupied orbital", "icPrci0SlH8-00208-00158258-00158912": "has got 1 electron. The homo is also only having 1 electron because it has lost 1 electron", "icPrci0SlH8-00209-00158912-00159863": "to the lumo. The excited state geometry is predicted to be exactly moving in the same", "icPrci0SlH8-00210-00159863-00160730": "direction. We have lengthening of the C1, C2. So, earlier it was 1.36 angstroms and", "icPrci0SlH8-00211-00160730-00161334": "it has elongated to 1.45 angstroms. These distances marked on the projections", "icPrci0SlH8-00212-00161334-00162088": "are in picometers. So, it can be 136 to 145 picometers. Similarly, the bond distance between", "icPrci0SlH8-00213-00162088-00163432": "the center carbons C2, C3 has increased from 145 picometers to 1. The bond distance between", "icPrci0SlH8-00214-00163432-00164348": "C2 and C3 has decreased from 145 picometers to 139 picometers. So, this is clearly indicative", "icPrci0SlH8-00215-00164348-00164855": "by the fact that you are pumping in electron density into the psi 3 orbitals, which has", "icPrci0SlH8-00216-00164855-00165200": "got bonding interaction between C2 and C3.", "icPrci0SlH8-00217-00165200-00166071": "So, let us compare the 2 extreme descriptions of how a metal can interact with the butadiene", "icPrci0SlH8-00218-00166071-00166834": "unit. In the first description, we just had a pi type interaction, pi bond of the butadiene", "icPrci0SlH8-00219-00166834-00167415": "interacting with the metal in a simple sigma donor fashion. That means the 2 pi bonds donate", "icPrci0SlH8-00220-00167415-00168087": "electron density to the metal. This is the primary interaction. If this is the only interaction", "icPrci0SlH8-00221-00168087-00168674": "or the primary interaction, 2 pi electrons are given to each of the double bonds.", "icPrci0SlH8-00222-00168674-00169537": "So, total it is a 4 electron donor. This is a 4 electron donor. Now, it turns out that", "icPrci0SlH8-00223-00169537-00170138": "if the electron density that is donated to the metal is pumped completely back into the", "icPrci0SlH8-00224-00170138-00170848": "pi star orbital, what you will end up doing is forming a bond between the metal and C1,", "icPrci0SlH8-00225-00170848-00171259": "C4. That would almost look like a covalent bond.", "icPrci0SlH8-00226-00171259-00171971": "So, the other extreme discussion is to form a sigma, a bond between the C1 and the metal", "icPrci0SlH8-00227-00171971-00172625": "and the C4 and the metal. So, if this sigma bond is formed by completely pumping of the", "icPrci0SlH8-00228-00172625-00173123": "electrons from the metal onto the terminal carbons, then you will have the description", "icPrci0SlH8-00229-00173123-00173761": "that you have a metallocyclopentene. So, here is the metallocycolopentene. So, these are", "icPrci0SlH8-00230-00173761-00174454": "2 extreme descriptions; either way you have 4 electrons, 2 alkyl bonds to the metal from", "icPrci0SlH8-00231-00174454-00175339": "the terminal carbons. So, you have 4 electrons, which are involved between the metal and the", "icPrci0SlH8-00232-00175339-00175999": "diene fragment. You also have a 4 electron interaction in the case of the pi bond description", "icPrci0SlH8-00233-00175999-00176483": "that I gave you initially. So, these 2 extreme descriptions are really", "icPrci0SlH8-00234-00176483-00177330": "not completely correct. What is true is something that is in between depending on the nature", "icPrci0SlH8-00235-00177330-00177854": "of the transition metal. You will have different amounts of electron density transferred from", "icPrci0SlH8-00236-00177854-00178783": "the metal onto the pi bond and so into the psi 3. So, you will have either a bond lengthening,", "icPrci0SlH8-00237-00178783-00179609": "which corresponds to this metallocyclopentene geometry or geometry, which is a very slight", "icPrci0SlH8-00238-00179609-00180218": "bond distortion. It is indicative of just the pi bond giving electron density to the", "icPrci0SlH8-00239-00180218-00180345": "metals.", "icPrci0SlH8-00240-00180345-00181248": "So, here is an example, which is in a zirconium complex. It has got 2 cyclopentadienyl units,", "icPrci0SlH8-00241-00181248-00182248": "which we have not discussed earlier. Let us just take them as flat 5 carbon units interacting.", "icPrci0SlH8-00242-00182248-00182801": "Let us concentrate on the butadiene, which is interacting with this zirconium. You will", "icPrci0SlH8-00243-00182801-00183467": "notice the bond distance between the zirconium and the carbon. So, here is the butadiene.", "icPrci0SlH8-00244-00183467-00184882": "This is C1. This is C2, C3 and C4. So, these are the 4 bonds, which are interacting", "icPrci0SlH8-00245-00184882-00185584": "with this zirconium. You will notice that earlier the 4 carbons were interacting equally", "icPrci0SlH8-00246-00185584-00186083": "with metal atoms. Now, in this description or in this particular compound, which is a", "icPrci0SlH8-00247-00186083-00186815": "metalloscyclopentene, you have a very long bond between C 3 and zirconium. That is almost", "icPrci0SlH8-00248-00186815-00187673": "2.59 Angstroms. The zirconium, C1 bond is very short that is 2.30 Angstroms.", "icPrci0SlH8-00249-00187673-00189420": "So, a short distance between C1 and C4 and zirconium and a longer C2, C3 and zirconium", "icPrci0SlH8-00250-00189420-00190026": "is indicative of other extreme descriptions, which is pumping in all the electrons from", "icPrci0SlH8-00251-00190026-00190780": "the zirconium onto the butadiene. So, you now form a covalent bond between zirconium", "icPrci0SlH8-00252-00190780-00191379": "and carbon. You have a metalloscyclopentene description. So, you can see that this is", "icPrci0SlH8-00253-00191379-00192148": "almost like a cyclopentene envelope, which is common in organic chemistry. Only the flap", "icPrci0SlH8-00254-00192148-00192434": "is occupied by the metal atom.", "icPrci0SlH8-00255-00192434-00193440": "So, there are a variety of complexes where you can have both the description that I gave", "icPrci0SlH8-00256-00193440-00194252": "you just now, which are cyclo metalloscyclopentene geometry and also the butadiene geometry.", "icPrci0SlH8-00257-00194252-00195051": "But, in the few cases, the butadiene is not present in the cis geometry. It prefers to", "icPrci0SlH8-00258-00195051-00195670": "interact with the metal when it is in the Trans geometry. This is reasonably rare.", "icPrci0SlH8-00259-00195670-00196589": "We will take a look at the 3 d structure if time permits. There a few complexes where", "icPrci0SlH8-00260-00196589-00197450": "both the Trans geometry and the cis geometry are co-existent on a metal atom. So, this", "icPrci0SlH8-00261-00197450-00198211": "is very common when you have a very early transition metal. This type of interaction", "icPrci0SlH8-00262-00198211-00198777": "is common. You have the Trans geometry of butadiene interacting with the metal atom.", "icPrci0SlH8-00263-00198777-00199955": "So, let us move onto another type of butadiene. Now, in this butadiene, we have joined together", "icPrci0SlH8-00264-00199955-00200575": "the 2hydrogens, which were removed; the 2hydrogens, which were present in butadiene geometry and", "icPrci0SlH8-00265-00200575-00201438": "from the covalent bond. So, that gives us this rather familiar butadiene compound, which", "icPrci0SlH8-00266-00201438-00202042": "is cyclobutadiene. If it is a singlet, it will be the most stable geometry. The most", "icPrci0SlH8-00267-00202042-00202742": "stable is that of rectangular geometry where the 2 double bonds are isolated. It is not", "icPrci0SlH8-00268-00202742-00203162": "a square cyclobutadiene, but a rectangular butadiene.", "icPrci0SlH8-00269-00203162-00204005": "You will notice that a similar description is good for the pi molecular orbitals. You", "icPrci0SlH8-00270-00204005-00204848": "have a completely symmetric molecular orbital, which can be drawn in this particular fashion.", "icPrci0SlH8-00271-00204848-00205382": "There are no nodes in this pi system except for the node, which is in the plane of the", "icPrci0SlH8-00272-00205382-00206023": "molecule and that is not seen in this particular orientation. Similarly, you have 1 node in", "icPrci0SlH8-00273-00206023-00206738": "the pi system and that is the highest occupied molecular orbital.", "icPrci0SlH8-00274-00206738-00207548": "Now, if you will notice that there is 1 node here, and then the second one has also got", "icPrci0SlH8-00275-00207548-00208263": "a node, but that node is perpendicular to the first node that we drew. That is the lowest", "icPrci0SlH8-00276-00208263-00208969": "unoccupied molecular orbital. Now, we can in fact take these molecular orbitals and", "icPrci0SlH8-00277-00208969-00209419": "let them interact with the metal orbital just the same way that we did earlier.", "icPrci0SlH8-00278-00209419-00210296": "You will form a nice molecular orbital picture for the cyclobutadiene metal complex. When", "icPrci0SlH8-00279-00210296-00210994": "the cyclobutadiene interacts with the metal, it very often forms the square geometry.", "icPrci0SlH8-00280-00210994-00212030": "In fact, this is one of first molecules that were predicted before the molecule was synthesized.", "icPrci0SlH8-00281-00212030-00212690": "This molecule was predicted before the compound was synthesized. The paper was published in", "icPrci0SlH8-00282-00212690-00213823": "1956 by Orgel and Higgins. They predicted that it is possible that you have a transition", "icPrci0SlH8-00283-00213823-00214596": "metal complex between cyclobutadiene. This particular complex would have the geometry", "icPrci0SlH8-00284-00214596-00215199": "of having a flat cyclobutadiene interacting with a metal atom.", "icPrci0SlH8-00285-00215199-00215860": "So, right after the prediction, it was possible for people to search for this complex, try", "icPrci0SlH8-00286-00215860-00216674": "and make it sure enough that they were able to make the cyclobutadiene complexes. The", "icPrci0SlH8-00287-00216674-00217442": "metal carbon interaction was quite strong. This was a stable system. It could be isolated", "icPrci0SlH8-00288-00217442-00218251": "and characterized very readily. The bond distance between the carbon atoms was quite delocalized", "icPrci0SlH8-00289-00218251-00218946": "compared to what you would expect for cyclobutadiene. Cyclobutadiene is not stable in the Free State", "icPrci0SlH8-00290-00218946-00219556": "and it readily dimerises. So, you do not have a experimental structures", "icPrci0SlH8-00291-00219556-00220233": "for free cyclobutadiene bond distances, but you have calculated distances. These are shown", "icPrci0SlH8-00292-00220233-00220878": "here. As I told you, the singlet is the one which would have not cogitated, but isolated", "icPrci0SlH8-00293-00220878-00221549": "double bonds. So, when it form the complex, you have a very nice interaction.", "icPrci0SlH8-00294-00221549-00222199": "Let us take a look at how one can make these molecules. It is possible to make them by", "icPrci0SlH8-00295-00222199-00222956": "using a compound, which is in a low valence state. In this particular example, we have", "icPrci0SlH8-00296-00222956-00224225": "nickeltetracarbonyl. Nickeltetracarbonyl can be interacted with dichloro 1, 2 dichlorocyclobutene.", "icPrci0SlH8-00297-00224225-00225051": "That gives you nickel 2 complexes, which is cyclobutadiene coordinated to the nickel.", "icPrci0SlH8-00298-00225051-00225706": "So, here you have nickel interacting with cyclobutadiene and nickel is in the plus 2", "icPrci0SlH8-00299-00225706-00226406": "state. This is again a felly stale complex. If you want to synthesize the iron complex", "icPrci0SlH8-00300-00226406-00227496": "that we just described, then you can start with this cyclobutenedichlorate that we pictured", "icPrci0SlH8-00301-00227496-00227966": "here. So, this is a very good starting material for making this cyclobutadiene complex. You", "icPrci0SlH8-00302-00227966-00229060": "treat it with F e 2 CO9 in this example. You have an iron 0 complex of the cyclobutadiene", "icPrci0SlH8-00303-00229060-00229892": "interacting with the pi system. So, in this example, it is a plus 2 system either way.", "icPrci0SlH8-00304-00229892-00230369": "You have a very stable complex. Instead of nickel, we can also make the corresponding", "icPrci0SlH8-00305-00230369-00230900": "palladium analogue. These compounds have been characterized fully.", "icPrci0SlH8-00306-00230900-00231734": "So, here is an example where you can make the palladium complex. If you treat diphenylacetylene", "icPrci0SlH8-00307-00231734-00232463": "with the palladium 2 chloride salts, then you form this very nice palladium complex,", "icPrci0SlH8-00308-00232463-00233291": "which has got 2 cyclobutadiene units. They are coordinated to the palladium. The palladium", "icPrci0SlH8-00309-00233291-00233744": "chlorine palladium bridge connects 2 systems together.", "icPrci0SlH8-00310-00233744-00234792": "So, you will notice that one can in fact form a very nice cyclobutadiene complex. These", "icPrci0SlH8-00311-00234792-00235573": "cyclobutadiene complexes appear to be pseudo aromatic. So, if you treat them with acetyl", "icPrci0SlH8-00312-00235573-00236349": "chloride that is typical friedal crafts acylation conditions, you end up with acetated product", "icPrci0SlH8-00313-00236349-00236854": "of cyclobutadiene. So, this would be interesting. This is interesting", "icPrci0SlH8-00314-00236854-00237677": "because cyclobutadiene is supposed to be anti-aromatic or non-aromatic depending on which geometry", "icPrci0SlH8-00315-00237677-00238505": "you choose. If you treat that with acetyl chloride, you have a typical aromatic reaction.", "icPrci0SlH8-00316-00238505-00239281": "What we have done is we have taken an anti-aromatic molecule and converted it into a pseudo parametric", "icPrci0SlH8-00317-00239281-00240178": "molecule by interacting with a metal system. So, this is typical of several cyclobutadiene", "icPrci0SlH8-00318-00240178-00240850": "complexes. One can see some aromatic type reactions for the compounds.", "icPrci0SlH8-00319-00240850-00241417": "Let us take a look at the NMR spectra because NMR spectra, especially the carbon 13 NMR", "icPrci0SlH8-00320-00241417-00242279": "spectrum is very characteristic of the electron density on the carbon atom. So, in the case", "icPrci0SlH8-00321-00242279-00243406": "of ethylene, the carbon 13 resonance occurs at 123 p p m. The proton NMR of the ethylene", "icPrci0SlH8-00322-00243406-00244216": "hydrogen is at 6.5 p p m. Now, when you form a butadiene compound or when you form an ethylene", "icPrci0SlH8-00323-00244216-00244644": "compound, what happens? What happens is that the carbon 13 resonance", "icPrci0SlH8-00324-00244644-00245494": "shifts down to 64 p p m. It is reduced to 64 p p m, which is clearly indicating that", "icPrci0SlH8-00325-00245494-00246374": "you have a low field resonance for the free ethylene and a high field resonance for the", "icPrci0SlH8-00326-00246374-00247473": "complexes form. What you have in ethylene is a pi system that results in carbon 13 NMR", "icPrci0SlH8-00327-00247473-00248216": "peak position at a very low field. This is a low field.", "icPrci0SlH8-00328-00248216-00249391": "It is a high chemical shift p p m value. It is a low field. What happens is when you put", "icPrci0SlH8-00329-00249391-00250664": "a metal atom next to the ethylene, and then it goes to a high field. It is a high field.", "icPrci0SlH8-00330-00250664-00251313": "It is a low value of p p m. so, this is indicative of the fact that you have a large amount of", "icPrci0SlH8-00331-00251313-00252130": "electron density around the palladium. This electron density is helping the carbon atom", "icPrci0SlH8-00332-00252130-00252681": "from seeing the effective magnetic field. So, you need to apply the high field in order", "icPrci0SlH8-00333-00252681-00253376": "for the resonance to occur. Now, a similar situation happens when you", "icPrci0SlH8-00334-00253376-00254319": "have a cyclobutadiene complex. It appears that you have in the case of irontricarbonyl", "icPrci0SlH8-00335-00254319-00255129": "complex, chemical shift of 40 p p m for the terminal carbon and 85 p p m for the internal", "icPrci0SlH8-00336-00255129-00255697": "carbons. What happens is when you form the cyclobutadiene complex, this chemical shift", "icPrci0SlH8-00337-00255697-00256175": "turns out to go further low field. It goes to a lower value of p p m and that is to higher", "icPrci0SlH8-00338-00256175-00256990": "field. That is indicative of the aromatic nature of the cyclobutadiene ring system.", "icPrci0SlH8-00339-00256990-00257747": "Now, we can ask the question can we in fact make a diene complex. Now, there are 2 problems,", "icPrci0SlH8-00340-00257747-00258417": "which we have to encounter when we make a triene complex. First of all, there are 2hydrogens,", "icPrci0SlH8-00341-00258417-00259269": "which are at the terminal position. So, this causes a restitric interaction, which is unfavorable", "icPrci0SlH8-00342-00259269-00259833": "when you try to make a triene complex where the metal atom is interacting with 3 double", "icPrci0SlH8-00343-00259833-00260378": "bonds. Now, one can circumvent this by forming a", "icPrci0SlH8-00344-00260378-00260913": "carbon-carbon bond. You remove hydrogens and form a carbon-carbon bond. That gives you", "icPrci0SlH8-00345-00260913-00262026": "a benzene complex; a benzene complex with a metal atom. This is in fact a known system.", "icPrci0SlH8-00346-00262026-00263018": "So, this is a known system. The other possibility is to introduce another carbon atom such that", "icPrci0SlH8-00347-00263018-00263656": "the repulsion is removed. So, this is also in fact known. This is also", "icPrci0SlH8-00348-00263656-00264314": "possible. You can form a molecular tricarbonyl complex where the 3 double bonds are interacting", "icPrci0SlH8-00349-00264314-00265031": "with metal atom. So, each double bond will contribute 2 electrons. So, if you remember,", "icPrci0SlH8-00350-00265031-00266111": "electron counting has got 6 electrons. 6 electrons are given by the triene and 6 electrons are", "icPrci0SlH8-00351-00266111-00267024": "given by the 3 carbonyl atoms. So, you end up with an 18 electron system.", "icPrci0SlH8-00352-00267024-00267820": "So, we can make metal triene complexes. In these complexes, you find that the bond distances", "icPrci0SlH8-00353-00267820-00268495": "are very clearly indicative of isolated double bond. It is not like an aromatic system. You", "icPrci0SlH8-00354-00268495-00269079": "have removed the aromaticity in the ring by introducing the extra carbon. So, you do not", "icPrci0SlH8-00355-00269079-00269866": "have extra delocalization. You have these bond distances, which are indicative of long", "icPrci0SlH8-00356-00269866-00270446": "bonds between the third carbon and the second and the third carbon.", "icPrci0SlH8-00357-00270446-00271071": "So, here you have the first carbon that we are talking about. This is the second, this", "icPrci0SlH8-00358-00271071-00271731": "is the third. The carbon atom 2, carbon atom 3 are specked by a long distance. The carbon", "icPrci0SlH8-00359-00271731-00272302": "atom 3 and 4 are having a short distance. So, it seems as if 3 isolated double bonds", "icPrci0SlH8-00360-00272302-00272900": "are interacting with the metal atom. So, 3 isolated double bonds are interacting with", "icPrci0SlH8-00361-00272900-00273549": "the metal atom. There is a long bond or only a single bond between the carbon atoms 2 and", "icPrci0SlH8-00362-00273549-00274140": "3. So, these are not aromatic systems. So, it is interesting to note that when you", "icPrci0SlH8-00363-00274140-00274920": "put 3 double bonds together, you can form a complex. That is not like an aromatic system,", "icPrci0SlH8-00364-00274920-00275426": "whereas in the case of cyclobutadiene, you move towards the aromatic system. Although", "icPrci0SlH8-00365-00275426-00276199": "you had an anti-aromatic complex or anti-aromatic compound organic compound, you made it aromatic.", "icPrci0SlH8-00366-00276199-00276943": "So, here is a way by which you can make another zirconium compound. In this particular example,", "icPrci0SlH8-00367-00276943-00277897": "I have taken 2 cycloheptatrienes and interacted with zirconium. This is because zirconium", "icPrci0SlH8-00368-00277897-00278879": "has got only 4 electrons. This will be a 16 electron complex. This will be 16 electron", "icPrci0SlH8-00369-00278879-00280006": "complex. What you have done is reduce the zirconium from the plus 4 oxidation state", "icPrci0SlH8-00370-00280006-00280764": "in the presence of a neutral ligand C7H8. You end up generating what you have here is", "icPrci0SlH8-00371-00280764-00280965": "a metaltriene complex.", "icPrci0SlH8-00372-00280965-00281755": "Now, let us proceed further. Since, aromatic benzene ring metal complexes have to be discussed", "icPrci0SlH8-00373-00281755-00282300": "in great detail in the remaining time, let us take a look at what happens when you have", "icPrci0SlH8-00374-00282300-00283095": "a cyclooctetraene. It is a system in which I will have 4 double bonds. Can they interact", "icPrci0SlH8-00375-00283095-00283853": "with metal atom? The answer to the question is yes, but the type of complex that you formed", "icPrci0SlH8-00376-00283853-00284424": "can vary a lot. This is because you have a large ring system.", "icPrci0SlH8-00377-00284424-00285156": "The distance between the metal and the carbon turns out to be very large. Unless you have", "icPrci0SlH8-00378-00285156-00286278": "a metal atom like uranium or a very 5 d transitional element or a 4 d transitional element, you", "icPrci0SlH8-00379-00286278-00286885": "cannot form a bond which looks like cyclobutadiene metal complex, where the carbon atoms are", "icPrci0SlH8-00380-00286885-00287380": "on a single plane. Invariably, the carbon atom should be in 2 different planes.", "icPrci0SlH8-00381-00287380-00288101": "Here is an example where the metal atom is interacting as if it is interacting with top", "icPrci0SlH8-00382-00288101-00288896": "and bottom of cyclobutadiene. The cyclobuta cyclooctatetraene, if this is a cyclooctatetraene", "icPrci0SlH8-00383-00288896-00289510": "where the metal is interacting with the top and bottom, it looks as if it is sitting on", "icPrci0SlH8-00384-00289510-00290446": "the same position. In fact, 1metal is interacting with the carbon atoms, which are pointed downward", "icPrci0SlH8-00385-00290446-00291326": "and metal at the top is interacting with the carbon atoms which are present on the top.", "icPrci0SlH8-00386-00291326-00292073": "So, this is an example that is been isolated and characterized. Another example is one", "icPrci0SlH8-00387-00292073-00293011": "where cyclooctatetraene is like a step and the metal can interact from the top phase", "icPrci0SlH8-00388-00293011-00293535": "and at the bottom phase. That example is also known. It is also possible to interact with", "icPrci0SlH8-00389-00293535-00294120": "only 3 of the double bonds. So you can form a step structure.", "icPrci0SlH8-00390-00294120-00294799": "Now, the step is only half step and one double bond is kept non interacting with the metal", "icPrci0SlH8-00391-00294799-00295582": "atom. So, examples of all these types of interactions are known. They are cryptographically characterized.", "icPrci0SlH8-00392-00295582-00296074": "Let us take a look at some of the structures because it will be difficult to explain the", "icPrci0SlH8-00393-00296074-00296414": "nature of these structures otherwise.", "icPrci0SlH8-00394-00296414-00298095": "So, what I have here is an example where you have 8 carbons. Let us take a close look at", "icPrci0SlH8-00395-00298095-00298811": "this central ring. The central ring has got 8 carbons. 4 of the carbons are interacting", "icPrci0SlH8-00396-00298811-00299942": "with this metal atom right here. So, I will label the metal atom. So, that is titanium", "icPrci0SlH8-00397-00299942-00301023": "that is interacting with 4 carbon atoms here. The other 4 carbon atoms of the cyclooctatetraene", "icPrci0SlH8-00398-00301023-00301921": "are interacting with another metal atom, which is one low half.", "icPrci0SlH8-00399-00301921-00302566": "So, here is 1titanium, which is interacting with 4 carbons. Here is other titanium, which", "icPrci0SlH8-00400-00302566-00303163": "is interacting with another set of 4 carbons. So, cyclooctatetraene has been divided by", "icPrci0SlH8-00401-00303163-00304009": "the titanium equally. One of them is having 4 carbon atoms and 2 double bonds. The other", "icPrci0SlH8-00402-00304009-00304483": "titanium is having the other 4 carbon atoms and 2 double bonds.", "icPrci0SlH8-00403-00304483-00305388": "So, in this example, you also have a interaction of the second cyclooctatetraene in such a", "icPrci0SlH8-00404-00305388-00306167": "fashion that it is almost looking like a flat ring and oriented such that the left side", "icPrci0SlH8-00405-00306167-00306961": "ring is plain. In similar fashion, you can also orient the right side ring in the plain.", "icPrci0SlH8-00406-00306961-00307675": "You can see that all 8 carbon atoms are interacting with the titanium metal; here in the center.", "icPrci0SlH8-00407-00307675-00308444": "So, this is one example. Let us take a look at some of the other examples, where it functions", "icPrci0SlH8-00408-00308444-00309929": "like a tub. So, here is an example where you have platinum. The platinum has got 2 metal", "icPrci0SlH8-00409-00309929-00311044": "groups. Here is one metal group with the carbon atom. Here is a second metal group. These", "icPrci0SlH8-00410-00311044-00311904": "2 metal groups are in a transposition with respect to the double bond, which is present.", "icPrci0SlH8-00411-00311904-00312346": "This double bond is like a hat structure that I described to you.", "icPrci0SlH8-00412-00312346-00313234": "So, tub geometry is formed by the cyclooctatetraene. The bottom part of the tub is interacting", "icPrci0SlH8-00413-00313234-00314067": "with 1 platinum atom, which I am showing here. The top part is interacting with another platinum", "icPrci0SlH8-00414-00314067-00314584": "atom. So, you have a very interesting tub structure for the cyclooctatetraene.", "icPrci0SlH8-00415-00314584-00315582": "That is what we showed here that you can have a tub structure. This is a tub structure that", "icPrci0SlH8-00416-00315582-00316630": "we are talking about. So, the tub structure is the example that we see here. This is the", "icPrci0SlH8-00417-00316630-00317305": "tub structure where you have 2 platinum atoms interacting with carbon atoms, which are on", "icPrci0SlH8-00418-00317305-00318499": "one side of cyclooctatetraene. So, let us go back now with the cyclooctatetraene structures.", "icPrci0SlH8-00419-00318499-00319214": "So, it is possible to form cyclooctatetraene complexes, but these complexes tend to be", "icPrci0SlH8-00420-00319214-00320065": "varied. You have either a planar structure or you can have a complex in which the double", "icPrci0SlH8-00421-00320065-00320938": "bonds are divided between 2 metal atoms in such a way that whatever forms a bond is with", "icPrci0SlH8-00422-00320938-00321585": "either isolated double bonds or with conjugated double bonds. So, at one instance, the titanium", "icPrci0SlH8-00423-00321585-00322055": "is interacting with 2 double bonds that were conjugated and at other instance the platinum", "icPrci0SlH8-00424-00322055-00322865": "was interacting with 2 isolated double bonds. This is in fact common in organometallic chemistry.", "icPrci0SlH8-00425-00322865-00323473": "You can either take. Here, I have shown you cyclooctadiene. You can take cyclooctadiene.", "icPrci0SlH8-00426-00323473-00324168": "In 1, 3 cyclooctadiene form that is indicated here, this is 1, 3 structure. You can also", "icPrci0SlH8-00427-00324168-00325000": "have 1, 5 structure. Both of them can interact with metal atoms. Depending on the metal,", "icPrci0SlH8-00428-00325000-00326024": "you will either form a 1, 3 diene metal complex or a 1, 5 diene metal complex. As I told you", "icPrci0SlH8-00429-00326024-00326589": "earlier, this is a better donor. So, depending on the electron density requirements", "icPrci0SlH8-00430-00326589-00327236": "of the metal atom, you can either have the 1, 3 structure or the 1, 5 structure. It is", "icPrci0SlH8-00431-00327236-00327834": "also dependent on the size of the metal atom. A large metal atom would like to interact", "icPrci0SlH8-00432-00327834-00328440": "with the cyclooctene in a 1, 5 fashion, whereas the smaller metal atom would like to interact", "icPrci0SlH8-00433-00328440-00329284": "with the metal whether 1, 3 cyclooctadiene system. So, it is possible to make these complexes.", "icPrci0SlH8-00434-00329284-00329766": "I will now show you some of the key features of what we discussed.", "icPrci0SlH8-00435-00329766-00330277": "So, let us take a look at the key features that we have discussed today. The synthesis", "icPrci0SlH8-00436-00330277-00331033": "of metal diene complexes or metal polyene complexes is fairly easy and follows the same", "icPrci0SlH8-00437-00331033-00331634": "route that one has to use while making olefin complexes. Usually one takes substitution", "icPrci0SlH8-00438-00331634-00332270": "of ligands, especially carbon monoxide can be substituted. A metal diene complex can", "icPrci0SlH8-00439-00332270-00332905": "be generated because the diene can be conjugated and it can be like a keylate. You can form", "icPrci0SlH8-00440-00332905-00333368": "these compounds fairly reduced. You can also have reduction of the metals.", "icPrci0SlH8-00441-00333368-00333876": "It is convenient to have a reduction of the metals from higher oxidation state in such", "icPrci0SlH8-00442-00333876-00334518": "a fashion that you can have back bonding between the metal and the ligand very often. The dienes", "icPrci0SlH8-00443-00334518-00335191": "are useful as starting materials. The structure of the complex can often be explained using", "icPrci0SlH8-00444-00335191-00335958": "the DCD model or the bond doer Duckenson chat model. So, the complex often looks like an", "icPrci0SlH8-00445-00335958-00336727": "excited state olefin. That is what we have shown in the bond distances. So, this concludes", "icPrci0SlH8-00446-00336727-00337055": "the talk on the diene metal complexes."}}, {"audio_id": "idr5SYWaU4y", "text": {"idr5SYWaU4y-00000-00000000-00000516": "Women who get out of abuse situations do so either when our abuser is about to kill us,", "idr5SYWaU4y-00001-00000516-00001052": "or when we’ve been so emotionally destroyed that we want to kill ourselves.", "idr5SYWaU4y-00002-00001068-00001306": "“I have to do it for me” – a personal story of gender violence.", "idr5SYWaU4y-00003-00001328-00001730": "How can you believe that the person you fell in love with is a monster? It's very difficult.", "idr5SYWaU4y-00004-00001818-00002156": "But when the blinders come off, and you see what he’s capable of,", "idr5SYWaU4y-00005-00002162-00002546": "and you see what he’s made you, you’re a blank slate… you’re nothing.", "idr5SYWaU4y-00006-00002568-00003122": "All the questions I had had the same answer. It was my fault.", "idr5SYWaU4y-00007-00003206-00003488": "That’s when I started to ask, what is society teaching us?", "idr5SYWaU4y-00008-00003524-00003750": "We have nothing to lose"}}, {"audio_id": "idveIv-2SqM", "text": {"idveIv-2SqM-00000-00000000-00000200": "Cycle Reece is interesting"}}, {"audio_id": "idcfGGvQYb0", "text": {"idcfGGvQYb0-00000-00002703-00007220": "Hi guys we will do a challenge with m my husband we will play the HOP (we will do screen recorder", "idcfGGvQYb0-00001-00007220-00010561": "the one we are going to play you can watch it after we uploaded ummm welcome again to", "idcfGGvQYb0-00002-00010561-00014408": "our vlog just now we do vlog again with my husband because so busy.", "idcfGGvQYb0-00003-00014408-00016720": "So are we gonna start babe?", "idcfGGvQYb0-00004-00016720-00017706": "Yes.", "idcfGGvQYb0-00005-00017706-00023470": "Challenge best of five this is the mechanic of our challenge we will play the game then", "idcfGGvQYb0-00006-00023470-00026364": "if I", "idcfGGvQYb0-00007-00026364-00029175": "will win He will sing a song  to", "idcfGGvQYb0-00008-00029175-00032960": "me and if He will win Iwill sing a  song to Him.", "idcfGGvQYb0-00009-00032960-00034042": "Best of five until five rounds lets go without a further do.", "idcfGGvQYb0-00010-00034042-00037186": "Recording start best of five huh you see that its going through", "idcfGGvQYb0-00011-00037186-00040630": "and in the center oh color is changing this is babe always in", "idcfGGvQYb0-00012-00040630-00040845": "the center.", "idcfGGvQYb0-00013-00040845-00043094": "(Wife): let us see if who will win", "idcfGGvQYb0-00014-00043094-00046491": "Im in 30 nothing happen to  me Im going far.", "idcfGGvQYb0-00015-00046491-00048993": "If you will sing i will make also record.", "idcfGGvQYb0-00016-00048993-00054686": "So guys I won in the game my husband will gonna sing now even 1 score", "idcfGGvQYb0-00017-00054686-00055953": "he didn't make ok, its ok better next time what song?", "idcfGGvQYb0-00018-00055953-00056460": "Its easy ok ok.", "idcfGGvQYb0-00019-00056460-00058164": "Look up twinkle twinkle little star how i wonder what you are such a fool because there", "idcfGGvQYb0-00020-00058164-00063555": "is no lyrics I was born to love you (ayeeh) ill do anything", "idcfGGvQYb0-00021-00063555-00069291": "to make you mine till the end of time mmmm mmmm I never really understood Anaiah clap", "idcfGGvQYb0-00022-00069291-00069749": "you hands.", "idcfGGvQYb0-00023-00069749-00071010": "Thank you babe.", "idcfGGvQYb0-00024-00071010-00077486": "You loser (joking) ok guys next time again there is more game to play.", "idcfGGvQYb0-00025-00077486-00078217": "Thank you for watching.", "idcfGGvQYb0-00026-00078217-00078623": "Thank you.", "idcfGGvQYb0-00027-00078623-00078826": "Bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "iegnNe7Mblc", "text": {"iegnNe7Mblc-00000-00000000-00000166": "Garen : E - Monter DMG 150% =  Inevitably Go JUNGLE!!!", "iegnNe7Mblc-00001-00000918-00001010": "WTF is that...", "iegnNe7Mblc-00002-00001176-00001226": "Garen jg", "iegnNe7Mblc-00003-00001226-00001276": "Garen jg is", "iegnNe7Mblc-00004-00001276-00001340": "Garen jg is the best", "iegnNe7Mblc-00005-00001456-00001560": "Get the Sh1t on your face", "iegnNe7Mblc-00006-00001960-00002026": "RuN aWaY~~~", "iegnNe7Mblc-00007-00003138-00003200": "Garen Start!", "iegnNe7Mblc-00008-00003724-00003876": "What should I do!!", "iegnNe7Mblc-00009-00003876-00003976": "What should I do *2", "iegnNe7Mblc-00010-00003976-00004065": "What should I do *3", "iegnNe7Mblc-00011-00004065-00004166": "What should I do *4", "iegnNe7Mblc-00012-00004166-00004274": "What should I do *5", "iegnNe7Mblc-00013-00004274-00004368": "What should I do *6", "iegnNe7Mblc-00014-00004678-00004864": "With my black hand of lust", "iegnNe7Mblc-00015-00004902-00005006": "Imma eat you up..", "iegnNe7Mblc-00016-00011608-00011736": "U sO bAd Guy!!!", "iegnNe7Mblc-00017-00011736-00011874": "Please die...Plz...", "iegnNe7Mblc-00018-00027618-00027898": "If you have fun with my spinning top video Plz press the subscribe and like button", "iegnNe7Mblc-00019-00027898-00028186": "Outro : Stay & Play - Benny Rock Star (Bootleg Mix)", "iegnNe7Mblc-00020-00028198-00028618": "If you find the mistranslation, plz talk to my  comment '슈퍼문어'", "iegnNe7Mblc-00021-00028658-00028938": "Be careful with your health", "iegnNe7Mblc-00022-00028956-00029048": ":)"}}, {"audio_id": "iei4UGAHOPc", "text": {"iei4UGAHOPc-00000-00000000-00000200": "قصيدة عنيدة انا للشاعرة دكتورة امل العربي", "iei4UGAHOPc-00001-00000200-00000400": "لاتنسي الاشتراك وعمل لايك وتفعيل الجرس"}}, {"audio_id": "ienjoF4dEVk", "text": {"ienjoF4dEVk-00000-00000000-00001443": "Giorno's Theme."}}, {"audio_id": "ieWzYZ3jabE", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "iftUm-LF8gk", "text": {"iftUm-LF8gk-00000-00000006-00000147": "Hello, my name is Ambady.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00001-00000209-00000515": "Today we are birding near Vayanakavu Temple.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00002-00000542-00000856": "It has been a while since I arrived. It’s really sunny.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00003-00000863-00000972": "I'm sweating.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00004-00001010-00001172": "Let's see what birds are here.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00005-00002630-00002865": "This is a good place for photo shoots.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00006-00002992-00003337": "There is a place I walk at the end of the first ever vlog.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00007-00003369-00003500": "This is that place.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00008-00003585-00003785": "Some people asked me about that place.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00009-00003811-00004029": "It's Vayanakavu near Kudayathoor.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00010-00004108-00004233": "A temple is here.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00011-00004302-00004423": "Very beautiful place.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00012-00004569-00004859": "A lot of wedding photoshoots are done here.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00013-00008312-00008488": "This is Stork-billed Kingfisher.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00014-00008494-00008612": "Couldn't take a video because", "iftUm-LF8gk-00015-00008614-00008919": "a crow made it fly while I was photographing.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00016-00009052-00009574": "I think these are the largest species of kingfishers in Kerala.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00017-00009793-00010147": "We saw Green Bee-eater in the previous story.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00018-00010233-00010496": "This is one of its relative.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00019-00010525-00010652": "Blue-tailed Bee-eater", "iftUm-LF8gk-00020-00010707-00011010": "They come here during winter and go back later.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00021-00011033-00011301": "But the Green Bee-eater will be here year-round.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00022-00011812-00012006": "I got a new bird.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00023-00012110-00012333": "Let’s see what it is.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00024-00012480-00012913": "Vayanakavu always give surprises.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00025-00013372-00013590": "We see egrets very often.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00026-00013591-00013934": "But many people don't know there are different species of egrets.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00027-00013934-00014182": "Even me too, before I started birding.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00028-00014184-00014443": "I called every egrets just as 'egret'.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00029-00014478-00014743": "But actually there are a variety of them.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00030-00014760-00015111": "We can identify them by closely observing them.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00031-00015162-00015575": "Now we are looking at Cattle Egret.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00032-00015592-00015760": "They walk around cattle to", "iftUm-LF8gk-00033-00015763-00016091": "eat the louse on the cattle", "iftUm-LF8gk-00034-00016093-00016719": "and the insects that fly away while the cattle walk on grass.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00035-00016757-00017011": "It’s really sunny even at 9 in the morning.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00036-00017012-00017601": "So I am ending this story here.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00037-00017639-00017812": "If you liked this story,", "iftUm-LF8gk-00038-00017814-00018166": "Subscribe our channel to see more stories like this.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00039-00018168-00018484": "Follow me on Instagram and Facebook.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00040-00018521-00018741": "Share this to everyone and support me.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00041-00018745-00018941": "See you in another story", "iftUm-LF8gk-00042-00018942-00019042": "Bye", "iftUm-LF8gk-00043-00019183-00019374": "While I was to return home,", "iftUm-LF8gk-00044-00019376-00019703": "Blue-tailed Bee-eaters came in a group.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00045-00019720-00019868": "Let’s see that too.", "iftUm-LF8gk-00046-00021599-00021699": "See you later", "iftUm-LF8gk-00047-00021714-00021796": "Really sunny", "iftUm-LF8gk-00048-00021797-00021887": "Bye"}}, {"audio_id": "ifY1yQOibmu", "text": {"ifY1yQOibmu-00000-00000071-00000353": "WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE, I'M PETTY OFFICER JESSICA BIDWELL AND", "ifY1yQOibmu-00001-00000353-00000541": "THESE ARE YOUR HEADLINES FROM AROUND THE FLEET.", "ifY1yQOibmu-00002-00000541-00001010": "THE NAVAL FUTURE FORCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXPO, CAME TO A CLOSE FEBRUARY 5TH.", "ifY1yQOibmu-00003-00001010-00001461": "THE EXPO WAS HOSTED BY THE OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH, OR ONR, AND FEATURED SOME OF THE", "ifY1yQOibmu-00004-00001461-00001955": "NAVY'S BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDING THE ELECTRO-MAGNETIC RAILGUN, THE LASER WEAPON", "ifY1yQOibmu-00005-00001955-00002256": "SYSTEM, AND A HUMAN SIZED FIRE-FIGHTING ROBOT.", "ifY1yQOibmu-00006-00002256-00002824": "FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE EXPO AND OTHER NEW NAVAL TECHNOLOGY, VISIT THE ONR WEBSITE.", "ifY1yQOibmu-00007-00002856-00003322": "PROVIDING SUPPORT FOR WOUNDED, ILL, AND INJURED SERVICE MEMBERS IS A TOP PRIORITY FOR THE", "ifY1yQOibmu-00008-00003322-00003475": "DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE.", "ifY1yQOibmu-00009-00003475-00003933": "THE DOD WORKS CLOSELY WITH THE WOUNDED WARRIOR PROGRAM TO UPDATE THEIR INITIATIVES AND ENSURE", "ifY1yQOibmu-00010-00003933-00004307": "ALL WOUNDED SERVICE MEMBERS RECIEVE THE BEST QUALITY CARE.", "ifY1yQOibmu-00011-00004307-00004893": "BENEFITS INCLUDE MEDICAL CARE, RECOVERY RESOURCES AND PREPARATION FOR CIVILIAN LIFE.", "ifY1yQOibmu-00012-00004893-00005342": "FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT SERVICES PROVIDED FOR WOUNDED SERVICE MEMBERS, VISIT THE WOUNDED", "ifY1yQOibmu-00013-00005342-00005620": "WARRIOR PROJECT WEBSITE."}}, {"audio_id": "igo0A9pcI1Y", "text": {"igo0A9pcI1Y-00000-00000176-00000280": "SO CUTE LOL", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00001-00000280-00000438": "Purdy, touch Hi!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00002-00001562-00001748": "[PEPPER TV]", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00003-00001807-00001978": "Hi, you'll meet a girl tomorrow.", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00004-00002110-00002290": "Hi, will you meet a girl tomorrow?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00005-00002342-00002456": "A girl.", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00006-00002512-00002712": "Hi, will you make a girlfriend?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00007-00002820-00002984": "I'll show her picture.", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00008-00003038-00003152": "I'm Purdy!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00009-00003152-00003214": "Here.", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00010-00003482-00003679": "(She's good looking)", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00011-00003718-00003838": "You like her?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00012-00003878-00004024": "Can you do well tomorrow?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00013-00004338-00004442": "This is little formal..", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00014-00004442-00004630": "I think it's gonna be too formal", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00015-00004630-00004822": "(Okay pass the tie)  It could be too much for the first meet, right?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00016-00005080-00005364": "It is a little too much stylish", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00017-00005372-00005624": "It could be too much because it's too stylish", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00018-00005904-00006054": "This looks too young..", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00019-00006054-00006212": "Doesn't it feel like it seems young?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00020-00006456-00006690": "Isn't it not that good if she cannot see your eyes from first meet?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00021-00007116-00007230": "This is better", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00022-00007231-00007423": "Let's go like this", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00023-00007472-00007656": "Cute and little bit a feeling of big brother", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00024-00007656-00007745": "Right?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00025-00007945-00008072": "Let's go with it", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00026-00008106-00008232": "Let's go with this tomorrow", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00027-00008464-00008718": "She has come...", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00028-00009638-00009744": "Purdy, don't!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00029-00009906-00010098": "(Can recover it!!!)  It... it's because this is the first time...", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00030-00010098-00010180": "(Can recover it!!!)  It... it's because this is the first time...    (He's different from the picture!!!!)", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00031-00010180-00010376": "(He's different from picture!!!!)", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00032-00010504-00010796": "Slowly~ There you go. No!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00033-00010844-00011058": "Guess she didn't like something...", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00034-00011106-00011206": "Lay down.", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00035-00011320-00011420": "Take a look slowly", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00036-00011620-00011884": "(Ni..nice to meet...y...ou..)", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00037-00012072-00012282": "Awkward... Awkward...", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00038-00012516-00012796": "Now he starts zigzag walking..", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00039-00012868-00012991": "Isn't Hi charming?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00040-00013060-00013162": "Purdy, isn't he charming?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00041-00013444-00013574": "You haven't seen a dog is walking like this?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00042-00013969-00014276": "He appeals himself! He's making distracted!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00043-00014538-00014662": "Hey, give up today", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00044-00014662-00014797": "LOLOLOLOL", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00045-00014797-00014897": "LOLOLOLOL  -No, no", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00046-00015000-00015310": "No, I mean... Ah, originally he punches with his paws...", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00047-00015384-00015502": "He should do the shoulder punches and wagging his tail if he likes her...", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00048-00015502-00015882": "He should do the shoulder punches and wagging his tail if he likes her...  -If Purdy likes him, she should have wagged her tail and punch at the first...", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00049-00016736-00017068": "The first impression could be changed while they play together...", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00050-00018242-00018478": "They're getting closer a little bit..!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00051-00019554-00019882": "Throwing a ball zigzag LOLOL", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00052-00020480-00020580": "Ready~~~", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00053-00020658-00020758": "2nd round is alway cafe.  -Ready~", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00054-00020758-00020898": "2nd round is alway cafe.", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00055-00020992-00021114": "Ah~ So cute!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00056-00021114-00021314": "Dog-eatable puppuccino for dogs.  -It seems so delicious! Is it good, Purdy?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00057-00021396-00021552": "You eat things like this first, right?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00058-00021834-00022038": "Right. Puppuccino is bottoms up", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00059-00022096-00022210": "It's bottoms up lol", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00060-00022346-00022418": "(It's good here)", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00061-00022418-00022532": "(It's good here)  -Uh, so cute", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00062-00022744-00023036": "Girls pretend to not to be knowing that they have cream on their nose, right?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00063-00023282-00023496": "Hi should do it (Gil Raim, from Secrete Garden)", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00064-00023740-00023926": "Puppuccino drinking", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00065-00023926-00024026": "Puppuccino drinking  -Spills everything", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00066-00024026-00024120": "Puppuccino drinking", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00067-00024234-00024452": "Eating with spilling everything is tough.", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00068-00024488-00024790": "Spilling and spattering around", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00069-00025020-00025180": "Hey. LOL Now,", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00070-00025230-00025330": "Now, how...", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00071-00025330-00025530": "Hey, you are spilling half of it. It's half of it (lolol)", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00072-00025708-00025862": "It's on his paws lol", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00073-00026036-00026388": "Do table cleaning by yourself.", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00074-00026433-00026568": "He'll swindle it clean", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00075-00026639-00026768": "He's cleaning", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00076-00026820-00027038": "I mean, small dogs eat it all day", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00077-00027108-00027298": "They eat from they come to the store to go out of the store", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00078-00027345-00027545": "They eat with tea spoon, but those are...", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00079-00027545-00027639": "You ate all?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00080-00027668-00027789": "Clean it clearly", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00081-00027789-00027850": "Oh, do you like it?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00082-00027850-00028050": "Clean it all. Oh, look at your paws! lol", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00083-00028064-00028206": "Look at his paw.", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00084-00028374-00028510": "Hi, the foot~~", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00085-00028514-00028644": "Hi, why are you doing like that?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00086-00028727-00028856": "Uh, so cute", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00087-00028880-00028989": "Hi, why is that like that?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00088-00029277-00029600": "Toy-time after puppuccino", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00089-00030150-00030326": "They became closer...!...", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00090-00030326-00030472": "They became closer...!...  -Oh, my. They're so cute. What shoud I do?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00091-00030472-00030552": "Touch Hi!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00092-00030552-00030724": "Purdy's breaking-the-world-cute talent", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00093-00030724-00030798": "Purdy's breaking-the-world-cute talent  -Touch Hi!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00094-00030977-00031080": "There you go, touch!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00095-00031192-00031345": "(Covers mouth)  -One more! Touch Hi!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00096-00031350-00031450": "Purdy, touch Hi!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00097-00031480-00031594": "There you go! Touch", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00098-00031594-00031695": "Touch Hi!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00099-00032222-00032462": "Again! Puppy who wants the snack~", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00100-00032577-00032824": "It's being shivered because you're so cute, really....", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00101-00033272-00033358": "SO CUTE~~", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00102-00033358-00033534": "Touch Hi!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00103-00033534-00033660": "Touch Hi!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00104-00033660-00033746": "(O..uch...)", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00105-00034138-00034238": "She's so cute", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00106-00034458-00034622": "Perhaps you gave her the neck bone?", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00107-00034824-00034924": "She just munches right away lol", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00108-00035048-00035116": "The bone snack is 30-sec for the very long time lol", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00109-00035116-00035312": "The bone snack is 30-sec for the very long time lol   -It doesn't take only a minute it's 30-sec long", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00110-00036892-00037012": "Purdy, Purdy.", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00111-00037042-00037142": "Purdy, bow!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00112-00037142-00037252": "Bow! Bow, bow.", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00113-00037252-00037486": "She bows so~~ well...", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00114-00037486-00037600": "She bows so~~ well...   -Politely!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00115-00037600-00037682": "Bow!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00116-00037744-00037900": "The puppy who wants a snack!", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00117-00037900-00038070": "Now, pawwww~~~", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00118-00038070-00038318": "Paw~~~~~~ High~~~~", "igo0A9pcI1Y-00119-00038598-00038866": "Purdy, would you meet Hi afterwards?"}}, {"audio_id": "igBxesRuLAu", "text": {"igBxesRuLAu-00000-00000000-00000396": "There are two main types of Affordable Learning  Solutions:", "igBxesRuLAu-00001-00000396-00000873": "Open Educational Resources and  Library Resources!", "igBxesRuLAu-00002-00000873-00001429": "Open educational resources are course materials  that are freely available and openly licensed", "igBxesRuLAu-00003-00001430-00002190": "so that faculty can do the five R’s: revise, remix,  reuse, redistribute, and retain (copyright, that is).", "igBxesRuLAu-00004-00002190-00002893": "You can download the material to tailor it to your course, save a copy locally, and share it back out with attribution.", "igBxesRuLAu-00005-00002893-00003399": "You’ll know if something is an OER by whether or  not it has a Creative Commons license.", "igBxesRuLAu-00006-00003400-00004010": "These licenses specify exactly how you can use it!  We’ll talk more about that in a moment.", "igBxesRuLAu-00007-00004010-00004420": "Some people wonder whether free materials can  possibly be any good.", "igBxesRuLAu-00008-00004420-00004850": "One way that academics handle questions of  quality is through peer review.", "igBxesRuLAu-00009-00004850-00005390": "So for example, many of the text books in the  Open Textbook Library have been reviewed by other  faculty", "igBxesRuLAu-00010-00005390-00005760": "for accuracy, clarity, organization, and other  criteria.", "igBxesRuLAu-00011-00005760-00006083": "The evaluation rubric is available online.", "igBxesRuLAu-00012-00006083-00006599": "But instructors also know that textbooks from traditional publishers aren't always perfect either.", "igBxesRuLAu-00013-00006600-00007000": "If you find an error or problem with a text book  that’s under traditional copyright,", "igBxesRuLAu-00014-00007000-00007580": "all you can do about it is wait for the next and even more expensive edition to arrive.", "igBxesRuLAu-00015-00007580-00008050": "If the textbook is openly licensed, though, you can download it and make your own version", "igBxesRuLAu-00016-00008050-00008236": "that fixes the problems you've found.", "igBxesRuLAu-00017-00008236-00008829": "You can make a version that's uniquely relevant to  California or that solves accessibility problems in  the original.", "igBxesRuLAu-00018-00008830-00009323": "Then, you can share back to the Commons so that  other people don't have to repeat your work.", "igBxesRuLAu-00019-00009323-00010216": "With Open Educational Resources faculty have a lot more control over the quality of their course materials than with a traditional publisher textbook.", "igBxesRuLAu-00020-00010216-00010653": "Of course, there are infinite options for course  materials beyond textbooks.", "igBxesRuLAu-00021-00010653-00011039": "You may instead choose chapters from a few different textbooks.", "igBxesRuLAu-00022-00011040-00011490": "You can search repositories for different kinds of  learning objects to support your course.", "igBxesRuLAu-00023-00011490-00012016": "A repository of open content that I recommend is  the California Open Online Library.", "igBxesRuLAu-00024-00012016-00012653": "There are many other places to look including Merlot, OER Commons, and more.", "igBxesRuLAu-00025-00012653-00013186": "There are four basic types of Creative Commons  licenses which can also be combined in certain  ways.", "igBxesRuLAu-00026-00013186-00013976": "All of the licenses mandate attribution, but creators  can also choose to prohibit commercial uses or  derivative works, or require that users share alike.", "igBxesRuLAu-00027-00013976-00014893": "If you run across content that you want to use, but it doesn’t have an assigned license, you can still always contact the copyright holder.", "igBxesRuLAu-00028-00014893-00015223": "Library resources are not Open Educational  Resources.", "igBxesRuLAu-00029-00015223-00015909": "They're almost always under copyright restrictions  subject to a contract with a database provider and  password protected.", "igBxesRuLAu-00030-00015910-00016540": "Yet these are high quality resources that students  are already paying for access to with their tuition  and fees.", "igBxesRuLAu-00031-00016540-00017100": "One way to make use of library resources is to replace a textbook with an ebook that the library licenses.", "igBxesRuLAu-00032-00017100-00017436": "If you do this, please  contact a librarian first.", "igBxesRuLAu-00033-00017436-00018259": "You will need to make sure that the ebook license allows for unlimited simultaneous use in order to accommodate an entire class.", "igBxesRuLAu-00034-00018260-00018680": "If you would like to use an ebook but it's not in the  library catalog, a", "igBxesRuLAu-00035-00018680-00019420": "librarian can investigate whether it's feasible for the  library or your department to purchase a license  that will support its use as a textbook.", "igBxesRuLAu-00036-00019420-00020116": "Depending on the vendors, students will have  varying ability to read on different platforms, save,  download, or print.", "igBxesRuLAu-00037-00020116-00020799": "You'll want to check out all of these use questions before the term starts so you’re prepared to help your students.", "igBxesRuLAu-00038-00020800-00021273": "If your class uses a course pack then library  resources could be a really good fit.", "igBxesRuLAu-00039-00021273-00021869": "When you give a list of articles and book chapters  to the bookstore or copy shop, they go out to the  Copyright Clearance Center", "igBxesRuLAu-00040-00021870-00022336": "and purchase permissions for your class before  they print and sell the course pack.", "igBxesRuLAu-00041-00022336-00022919": "In many cases students are already paying for  access to those exact articles and chapters  through their tuition and fees", "igBxesRuLAu-00042-00022920-00023230": "because the library has already licensed them.", "igBxesRuLAu-00043-00023230-00023490": "Students should not pay twice.", "igBxesRuLAu-00044-00023490-00024070": "Going through your syllabus and figuring out where the library already has access to your content might require the help of a librarian."}}, {"audio_id": "igbyCmpUbfY", "text": {"igbyCmpUbfY-00000-00000707-00000715": ">> Professor Perez: Hey!", "igbyCmpUbfY-00001-00000740-00001123": "This is Professor Perez from Saddleback College.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00002-00001150-00001419": "Today, we're going to look at some geometric shapes.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00003-00001442-00001787": "More specifically, a circle, a cylinder, and a sphere.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00004-00001831-00002264": "And of course, we can't get started without our student of the semester, and that's Charlie.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00005-00002273-00002497": "He better be ready to go!", "igbyCmpUbfY-00006-00002583-00002839": "Hey, Charlie, what are you doing?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00007-00002839-00003039": "Okay, we're doing some geometric shapes.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00008-00003064-00003231": "There's our first formula right there.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00009-00003324-00003435": "What kind of shape is that Charlie?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00010-00003468-00003518": ">> Charlie: Circle.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00011-00003562-00003648": ">> Professor Perez: Very nice.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00012-00003707-00004050": "Now, here we're given the diameter to be 18 inches", "igbyCmpUbfY-00013-00004050-00004389": "and we're going to calculate the circumference.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00014-00004438-00004805": "Remember, the circumference is the distance around the circle.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00015-00004805-00005253": "It's like the perimeter of a circle which means you start at one point on the circle", "igbyCmpUbfY-00016-00005283-00005556": "and you walk all the way around that circle, just like that,", "igbyCmpUbfY-00017-00005704-00005997": "and you go back to where you started, and if you were to measure", "igbyCmpUbfY-00018-00005997-00006226": "that distance, that would be the circumference.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00019-00006263-00006639": "Okay, Charlie, so there's our formula, C equals 2-pi-r.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00020-00006687-00007090": "Now, notice our formula has r in it, and we need the radius.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00021-00007101-00007362": "Now, we're given the diameter, how do we find the radius?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00022-00007407-00007484": ">> Charlie: Take half the diameter.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00023-00007519-00007567": ">> Professor Perez: That's right.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00024-00007578-00007689": "It's half the diameter.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00025-00007689-00007902": "So, what's 1 half of 18?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00026-00007941-00007976": ">> Charlie: 9.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00027-00008010-00008131": ">> Professor Perez: 9 inches, that's right.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00028-00008173-00008722": "So we'll go to our formula and it's a 2 times pi times 9 inches, that's right.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00029-00008768-00009172": "And here, we're going to multiply the 2 times the 9 first", "igbyCmpUbfY-00030-00009210-00009672": "and that gives us the 18pi inches, and that is our final answer.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00031-00009672-00010138": "Now remember, at this point in the class, we do not have many calculators, right?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00032-00010218-00010827": "So, all of our solutions are going to have pi in it at this point in the course.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00033-00010882-00011349": "After the next exam, when you are allowed to use the calculator, we're going to replace pi", "igbyCmpUbfY-00034-00011381-00012127": "with an approximation of 3.14 and then do 18 times 3.14 and round to the nearest hundredths.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00035-00012150-00012831": "You get an answer somewhere around 55 but, again, we'll deal with pi on the next exam", "igbyCmpUbfY-00036-00012837-00013009": "in more detail when we have our calculators.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00037-00013075-00013607": "And remember, when you do get a calculator, it's there to supplement your learning.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00038-00013619-00013663": "Don't forget!", "igbyCmpUbfY-00039-00013663-00013853": "You don't want to become one of those calculator kids!", "igbyCmpUbfY-00040-00013891-00014199": "All right, Charlie, so, now, we found the circumference", "igbyCmpUbfY-00041-00014199-00014395": "which was the distance around the circle.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00042-00014422-00014537": "Let's find the area.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00043-00014571-00014961": "Okay, now the area, again, we see pi and we see r squared.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00044-00015004-00015247": "Remember, area is two dimensions.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00045-00015326-00015833": "The perimeter or circumference is one dimension, so, notice in area it's r squared", "igbyCmpUbfY-00046-00015857-00016064": "because it represents two dimensions.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00047-00016086-00016664": "Okay, Charlie, so, we replace the r with 9 inches, and notice it's 9 inches squared.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00048-00016721-00016920": "What's 9 inches squared, Charlie?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00049-00016969-00017077": ">> Charlie: 81 inches squared.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00050-00017077-00017221": ">> Professor Perez: 81 inches squared.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00051-00017221-00017368": "That's right, because it's two dimensions", "igbyCmpUbfY-00052-00017417-00017846": "and so our answer is pi times 81 inches squared, correct?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00053-00017867-00018057": "But generally we always put the numbers in front", "igbyCmpUbfY-00054-00018084-00018472": "so we'll have 81pi inches squared for our final answer.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00055-00018472-00019248": "And again, on the next exam, our answer is not going to be 81pi, it's going to be 81 times 3.14", "igbyCmpUbfY-00056-00019266-00019493": "and we're going to round our answer to the nearest hundredth.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00057-00019502-00019593": "But that's next exam.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00058-00019593-00019884": "For now, we leave it as 81 pi inches squared.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00059-00019951-00020147": "All right, Charlie, let's move on.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00060-00020147-00020658": "So, what we're going to do now, Charlie, is bring out a cylinder, that's right.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00061-00020658-00020931": "Okay, so keep your eye, watch, it's going to magically appear, watch,", "igbyCmpUbfY-00062-00020943-00021202": "watch it very carefully Charlie, ready?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00063-00021279-00021680": "Okay, here it comes.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00064-00021680-00021779": "Uh-huh! There we go.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00065-00021814-00021947": "You better be paying attention now!", "igbyCmpUbfY-00066-00021962-00022386": "Anyway, here is our right circular cylinder, it's a cylinder, right?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00067-00022461-00023167": "Now, the formula for the volume of a cylinder is pi-r squared h. Notice there's three", "igbyCmpUbfY-00068-00023167-00023247": "dimensions here.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00069-00023287-00023771": "Now, it's r squared, but times an h and that is the third dimension we're going to have.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00070-00023771-00023811": "You'll see.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00071-00023907-00024224": "Now, here our height is given as 20 inches", "igbyCmpUbfY-00072-00024230-00024614": "and the top is a circle with a diameter of 12 inches.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00073-00024652-00025012": "And so a 12 inch diameter and the height is 20.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00074-00025012-00025716": "So, notice the volume for a cylinder is the area of the top and since the area is a circle,", "igbyCmpUbfY-00075-00025716-00026123": "it's pi-r squared, and then the pi-r squared is times the height", "igbyCmpUbfY-00076-00026160-00026336": "and that gives us the volume of the cylinder.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00077-00026471-00026809": "Okay, Charlie, so since we need to have radius because that's", "igbyCmpUbfY-00078-00026809-00027102": "in our formula, radius is 1 half the diameter.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00079-00027143-00027290": "Our diameter is 12 inches.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00080-00027330-00027437": "What's half of 12, Charlie?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00081-00027460-00027509": ">> Charlie: 6.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00082-00027575-00027640": ">> Professor Perez: Very nice.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00083-00027640-00027840": "So, we'll go back to our formula.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00084-00027840-00028495": "Notice, we replace r with 6 inches, height with 20 inches, and now,", "igbyCmpUbfY-00085-00028498-00028637": "remember Order of Operations says we've got", "igbyCmpUbfY-00086-00028637-00029001": "to do the exponent first, so, Charlie, what's 6 squared?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00087-00029042-00029097": ">> Charlie: 36.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00088-00029120-00029449": ">> Professor Perez: That's our 36, but notice it's 36 inches squared.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00089-00029497-00030124": "And now, notice here we have to do 36 inches squared times 20 inches, right?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00090-00030161-00030406": "Okay, Charlie, what's 36 times 2?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00091-00030448-00030505": ">> Charlie: 72.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00092-00030628-00030780": ">> Professor Perez: Very nice there Charlie!", "igbyCmpUbfY-00093-00030780-00030971": "So, 36 times 20?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00094-00031098-00031330": "There you go, 720 inches cubed.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00095-00031366-00031912": "So our answer is pi times 720 inches cubed, for our dimensions, and remember Charlie,", "igbyCmpUbfY-00096-00031934-00032115": "we generally put the number in front of the pi,", "igbyCmpUbfY-00097-00032150-00032616": "so our volume is 720pi inches cubed for our answer.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00098-00032670-00033566": "Remember, next exam, our answer will not be 720pi inches cubed, it will be 720 times 3.14,", "igbyCmpUbfY-00099-00033599-00033896": "we'll get an answer and then round it to the nearest hundredth.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00100-00033896-00034176": "All right, Charlie, so, let's do one more shape.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00101-00034231-00034365": "Okay, what kind of shape is this?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00102-00034365-00034469": ">> Charlie: A sphere?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00103-00034480-00034623": ">> Professor Perez: It's a sphere, that's right.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00104-00034670-00035075": "Now, this sphere has a diameter, Charlie, of 10 inches.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00105-00035107-00035957": "Now the volume of a sphere, the formula is volume equals 4 thirds pi-r cubed.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00106-00036058-00036314": "All right, notice, we have r again.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00107-00036362-00036715": "And this time it's r cubed because we have three dimension, right?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00108-00036744-00037103": "All right, Charlie, now, radius is half the diameter.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00109-00037181-00037470": "Our diameter is 10 inches so what's 1 half of 10?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00110-00037500-00037539": ">> Charlie: 5.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00111-00037583-00037655": ">> Professor Perez: 5 inches.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00112-00037655-00037742": "Very nice there Charlie!", "igbyCmpUbfY-00113-00037742-00038242": "Now, notice we replace the r with 5 inches.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00114-00038319-00038534": "All right, so we have 4 thirds.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00115-00038571-00038843": "Now, what's 5 inches cubed, Charlie?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00116-00038961-00039061": ">> Charlie: 125.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00117-00039061-00039175": ">> Professor Perez: Very nice there Charlie!", "igbyCmpUbfY-00118-00039175-00039376": "125 inches cubed.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00119-00039387-00039427": "Very good.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00120-00039510-00039928": "Okay, Charlie, now, we have 4 thirds, now, times 125.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00121-00039928-00040138": "We're going to write that 125 as a fraction.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00122-00040138-00040750": "125 over 1, and we'll put the pi at the last and our dimensions are inches cubed.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00123-00040819-00041202": "Now, what is 4 times 125, Charlie?", "igbyCmpUbfY-00124-00041298-00041525": ">> Charlie: 500.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00125-00041543-00041636": ">> Professor Perez: Very nice!", "igbyCmpUbfY-00126-00041639-00042041": "500, over 3, pi inches cubed.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00127-00042068-00042243": "And for now, that will be our answer.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00128-00042243-00042557": "We can't reduce 500 over 3, we'll leave it as that.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00129-00042619-00042997": "Remember, next exam our answer will be calculated using a calculator", "igbyCmpUbfY-00130-00043020-00043527": "in which case you have to take 500 divide it by 3, get that result", "igbyCmpUbfY-00131-00043562-00043926": "and then times 3.14, round to the nearest hundredth.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00132-00043926-00044473": "But for now, our final answer is 500 over 3 times pi inches cubed.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00133-00044473-00044868": "So, that completes our lecture on geometric shapes.", "igbyCmpUbfY-00134-00044868-00045141": "We're going to come back and do some more very soon!", "igbyCmpUbfY-00135-00045141-00045408": "So, we'll see you all again soon."}}, {"audio_id": "ih5j1zhma1Q", "text": {"ih5j1zhma1Q-00000-00000028-00000564": "Welcome. I am Elizabeth Sackler and I'd like to welcome you to the Elizabeth A. Sackler", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00001-00000564-00001386": "Center for Feminist Art. We opened in 2007 in March so we are coming up on our second", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00002-00001386-00002307": "anniversary which is a very exciting thing. Thank you. Yes. Thank you to all of you and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00003-00002307-00002820": "thank you to this wonderful museum and to my staff at the foundation. It is wonderful", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00004-00002820-00003532": "to see you all here today. When I was envisioning the Center for Feminist Art part of what I", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00005-00003532-00004037": "wanted to have here in addition to hosting The Dinner Party and having it available all", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00006-00004037-00004626": "the time and in addition to our Herstory Gallery and in addition to the feminist gallery is", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00007-00004626-00005456": "this space. This space brings to people all kinds of discussions, artists, politics, writers,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00008-00005456-00006113": "you name it, that otherwise we wouldn't be able to do. We have called it The Forum because", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00009-00006113-00006745": "it is a forum for ideas, for discussions and also for a chance to celebrate the kind of", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00010-00006745-00007295": "works and things that we are going to be seeing today. I'm delighted that you are here. Obviously", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00011-00007295-00008097": "our focus is on feminist activism and feminist art. Today we have two artists in the audience", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00012-00008097-00008642": "with us. Cristina Biaggi is with us and also Linda Stein. I'd like to welcome you and thank", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00013-00008642-00009104": "you for coming. If I've missed somebody please tell me, Joan Semmel. Nancy Azara. Nancy,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00014-00009104-00009897": "I'm sorry. Thank you, I didn't see you. Linda Hudler. Hello Linda. How are you? Fine, thanks.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00015-00009897-00010901": "Good. This is great. Today, Yes They Did! We just couldn't pass that one by, we stole", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00016-00010901-00011853": "it obviously, it's derivative. It is a celebration of women who dared and the collection of photographs", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00017-00011853-00012822": "by Daile Kaplan and Donna Henes is comprised of thousands of photographs as they liked", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00018-00012822-00013385": "to describe them, of remarkable women who did exceptional things. Of course I like to", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00019-00013385-00014178": "think that all women are remarkable and that all women do exceptional things. In this instance", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00020-00014178-00014993": "of course we have some documentation of that. It was really fun putting these remarks together", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00021-00014993-00016150": "because Daile and Donna have listed, and from their list of the actions and the activities", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00022-00016150-00016606": "of the women, I was just sort of clumping them together. It comes out as a wonderful", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00023-00016606-00017248": "clump when I started to itemize them out: actresses, adventurers and artists; bullfighters", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00024-00017248-00017870": "and ball players; circus performers and models doesn't that sort of make sense? nurses and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00025-00017870-00018779": "nuns; politicians and students; and suffragists and spies. We have also women who in their", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00026-00018779-00019303": "daily activities are caring for children, breastfeeding, cooking, cleaning and gardening.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00027-00019303-00019935": "I say happily are included and accorded equal status with political or cultural achievements", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00028-00019935-00020515": "and well they should be. They include familiar names Bella Abzug, Shirley Chisholm, Elinor", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00029-00020515-00021074": "Chisholm, Eleanor Roosevelt, Jane Adams, Susan B. Anthony, Amelia Earhart, Calamity Jane,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00030-00021074-00021695": "one of my favorite people in history. Margot Fonteyn, another favorite. Mary Todd Lincoln,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00031-00021695-00022272": "Grandma Moses, Gertrude Stein, Sojourner Truth, Victoria Woodhull, who was in our exhibition", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00032-00022272-00022823": "of first women's votes. I don't know if you had a chance to see that one. It was at the", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00033-00022823-00023614": "Herstory Gallery. Some names that I was not familiar with: Conchita Citron Conchita Citron.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00034-00023614-00024275": "who was a bullfighter. Love it. Didn't know there was a woman bullfighter. Pauline Cushman,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00035-00024275-00025110": "who was a Civil War Union spy. Fanny Gorman, strong woman. I guess she was lifting weights,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00036-00025110-00025827": "yes? Jeanne La Mar, who was a champion phantom weight boxer. Obviously their collections", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00037-00025827-00026547": "features amateur, press and canted images as well as fine art photographs by recognized", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00038-00026547-00027139": "masters. All of the photographs are original and vintage prints. I want to apologize to", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00039-00027139-00027622": "people who are standing in the back, we have a full house, and I hope there is a place", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00040-00027622-00028373": "to lean and to rest yourself when you need it. We'll see if we can provide additional", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00041-00028373-00029019": "chairs. I would like to introduce Daile Kaplan, who is Vice President and Director of Photographs", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00042-00029019-00029458": "at Swann Auction Galleries. If you haven't been there, I'm sure it's a treat that you", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00043-00029458-00029936": "would enjoy seeing. It's New York's oldest specialty auction house. She", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00044-00029936-00030603": "has been a photograph specialist on the Antiques Roadshow since 1998, has appeared as a commentator", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00045-00030603-00031369": "for TV segments produced by the Herstory. Herstory Channel, see? I am already Good.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00046-00031369-00032151": "Just changing. Been programmed. The History Channel, Discovery Channel, Bravo TV, and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00047-00032151-00032741": "curated photography exhibitions for museums in the United States and abroad. Ms. Kaplan", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00048-00032741-00033250": "has contributed essays to publications devoted to photography, including The Education of", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00049-00033250-00033890": "a Photographer with Allworth Press in 2007 and the forthcoming In the Vernacular, which", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00050-00033890-00034622": "is Boston University Press, and 2008, it says. So I guess it's out? It is out. She has lectured", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00051-00034622-00035233": "extensively about vernacular imagery and visual culture and I thank her for being here. Donna", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00052-00035233-00035803": "Henes is the author of The Queen of My Self: Stepping into Sovereignty in Midlife, which", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00053-00035803-00036943": "was published by Monarch Press in 2005. She is an urban shaman, a shawoman and contemporary", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00054-00036943-00037766": "ceremonialist. So if you need something after this wonderful lecture, give her a holler.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00055-00037766-00038506": "She was commemorated in the New Yorker and named New York City's Unofficial Commissioner", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00056-00038506-00039511": "of Public Spirit. And the Village Voice calls her part performance", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00057-00039511-00040069": "artist, part Witch which I think is a compliment and part social organizer for Planet Earth.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00058-00040069-00040681": "So this is a very great piece of energy and all of you who are here who are embodying", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00059-00040681-00041312": "the same energy, I thank you for coming. Her public work has received citations from the", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00060-00041312-00041796": "Mayors Dinkins and Koch, and grants from NEA and the New York Foundation for the Arts.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00061-00041796-00042452": "She's a multi-published author. She also writes a weekly column for UPI's Religion and Spirituality", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00062-00042452-00042972": "Forum. An artist included in WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution, which many of you", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00063-00042972-00043558": "may have seen and was featured in Feminists Who Changed America 63 to - 60? 70? what is", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00064-00043558-00044333": "it? I lopped it off 73, by Barbara Love in 2007. And she received an award from the Veteran", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00065-00044333-00045091": "Feminists of America. So please join me in a hearty welcome for our wonderful panelists", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00066-00045091-00046430": "today. Thank you. Welcome. It is really great to see you all here, and thank you so much", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00067-00046430-00047228": "for coming. And yes, I hope your feet don't hurt at the end of this presentation. Before", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00068-00047228-00048166": "we start, I would like on behalf of both of us to thank Dr. Sackler, Elizabeth, who has", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00069-00048166-00048827": "been great. And I really appreciate your interest in this collection and your support of it.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00070-00048827-00049640": "Thank you very much. Our collection is called The Better Half, and Daile is going to give", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00071-00049640-00050390": "a little bit of an overview about the collection. Well, The Better Half is composed of about", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00072-00050390-00051310": "2000 photographs. You're going to see a small percentage of them today. And what we decided", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00073-00051310-00051939": "to do about 15 years ago when we looked at the history of photography, looked at our", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00074-00051939-00052601": "personal backgrounds, and thought, We want a joint project. We want to do something that", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00075-00052601-00053388": "addresses women our photography, history. And we began to focus on pictures of women", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00076-00053388-00053960": "doing things. The photographs in our collection, as Elizabeth said, are vintage photographs.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00077-00053960-00054611": "They're original, first-generation photographs that span the entire history of photography.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00078-00054611-00055349": "Now with regard to the images, the reason I make that point is most of the images in", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00079-00055349-00056060": "our collection are anonymous. Most of the subjects in our collection are unknown. So,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00080-00056060-00056596": "the techniques associated with the history of photography, in addition to bringing these", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00081-00056596-00057178": "pictures to life, because we really love our collection, let me tell you, we really, really", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00082-00057178-00057927": "love it, they allow us to date the pictures. It allows us to create a narrative that's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00083-00057927-00058742": "both chronological, anecdotal, and, of course, historical, when it comes to women of accomplishment,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00084-00058742-00059321": "some to the names Elisabeth mentioned earlier. So, what we thought we would do is talk a", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00085-00059321-00059961": "little bit about our personal interest, or our backgrounds. And, shall I move to the", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00086-00059961-00061160": "first slide? No. No, OK. This is how we work. You're getting a preview of our collaborations.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00087-00061160-00061762": "The first question that everybody asks us when the collection comes up in conversation", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00088-00061762-00062589": "is, How did you get started? Why did you do this? What gave you the idea to do this? And,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00089-00062589-00063251": "as Daile mentioned, our lives are so different. We're involved in such completely different", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00090-00063251-00063791": "arenas of life. We thought, Wouldn't it be great to work on a collaborative project?", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00091-00063791-00064554": "And, I come out of working on several collaborative projects with women, and I really love that.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00092-00064554-00065354": "I was part of the very first consciousness raising group in New York. And, from there,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00093-00065354-00065989": "I was on the editorial board of one of the issues of Heresies Magazine, if any of you", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00094-00065989-00066830": "remember Heresies Magazine, a journal of feminism and art or something like that. And then,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00095-00066830-00067664": "after that, Daile and I both, although the way we met was that I replaced her not because", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00096-00067664-00068190": "she wasn't good, because she was leaving town as a member of Disband, which was a women's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00097-00068190-00068948": "performance group. And, I still belong to a Goddess Group that started with the Heresies", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00098-00068948-00069613": "issue. And, we still meet once a month 30 years later. So, I love working with groups", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00099-00069613-00070390": "of women and this seemed a really interesting possibility. So, what did we have in common?", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00100-00070390-00070973": "Daile is the photo expert, of course. But, I do have a love of photography and a private", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00101-00070973-00071865": "photo ritual practice, as it were. And, we both feel very connected to the lives of women", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00102-00071865-00072719": "in Women's Herstory. So, this is how we got started. And, we thought, Well, we'll collect", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00103-00072719-00073702": "photographs of women, isn't that interesting? And then, I thought, Well, not just photographs", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00104-00073702-00074735": "of any woman. Photographs of every woman for sure in an archival sense, but 100 years ago.Donna", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00105-00074735-00075633": "Master's thesis was called Women in Art: Object or Subject? And, of course, my conclusion", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00106-00075633-00076487": "was object. Because, if you walk around most museums, women are depicted either as lounging", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00107-00076487-00077308": "on a or as standing behind their man or just another pretty face. And, I was really interested", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00108-00077308-00077830": "in women as subjects and the stories that they had to tell. And, that is what's so special", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00109-00077830-00078756": "about the sacred center where we are right now. So, this is what got us started, this", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00110-00078756-00079581": "first slide that you are going to see. Maybe we could turn the lights down. Yeah. We're", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00111-00079581-00080527": "doing that. Yeah. You're wish is our command. Yes. Now, this is a family photograph of mine.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00112-00080527-00081041": "And, the story that came with it that my mother always told me is, this is my grandmother", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00113-00081041-00081482": "with a bunch of her friends. They were all married women with children, and they were", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00114-00081482-00082262": "having a pajama party. But, what's interesting Well, several things are interesting in this", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00115-00082262-00082717": "picture. First of all, what interesting, is even though they were married women with children", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00116-00082717-00083665": "they still had these two chaperones, who were not in their night clothes. I guess they were", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00117-00083665-00084439": "just making sure there was no hanky-panky in the sleep over. But, what really moved", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00118-00084439-00084912": "me about this picture, because on first look, you would say, Well, these are, maybe, objects.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00119-00084912-00085512": "These are just women sitting in a row and their outfits are interesting. The idea of", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00120-00085512-00086595": "having a pajama party is interesting in the 1910s, but what fascinates me about this picture,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00121-00086595-00087143": "and you'll know who she is, is my grandmother. If you look at the faces of these women, they", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00122-00087143-00087776": "might be objects, although I hate to say that, because, of course, we know they are not.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00123-00087776-00088577": "But, there is one woman in particular who is really asserting her personality. She's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00124-00088577-00089188": "downright flirting with the photographer. That come hither look in her eyes, I can't", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00125-00089188-00090098": "believe it, but that's my grandmother. So that's what got us started. This was our first", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00126-00090098-00090835": "picture. And, another reason that we really love this picture is the notion of a woman", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00127-00090835-00091351": "in a picture flirting with the photographer. Who's the photographer? We don't know. It", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00128-00091351-00092180": "wasn't my grandfather. We don't know exactly the gender, we don't know how this came about,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00129-00092180-00093070": "but the narrative, something started to gel in relation to building a collection that", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00130-00093070-00093802": "was going to have a lot of interesting stories associated with it. So, in terms of today's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00131-00093802-00094518": "presentation, we're focusing on adventurous women, daring women. Well, does it mean to", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00132-00094518-00095445": "be a daring woman in art culture? In the 19th century, it could have meant simply being", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00133-00095445-00096610": "unladylike, wanting to participate in sports, wanting to be politically active, cross dressing.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00134-00096610-00097414": "In terms of 20th century economics and, as we'll see images of the First World War, it", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00135-00097414-00098324": "could have an association with economic necessity and taking on jobs and roles that were, again,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00136-00098324-00098847": "stretching the boundaries of what it meant to be defined as a woman. We actually came", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00137-00098847-00099470": "up with a little list, and it would be very curious if you have another idea of what's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00138-00099470-00099973": "daring, just shout it out, because I think that would be fascinating. We have somebody", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00139-00099973-00100767": "who invents her own life, somebody who defies expectation, who expresses her own individuality,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00140-00100767-00101433": "who may be unladylike. I cannot find this quote, but I seem to remember that Mother", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00141-00101433-00102404": "Jones, who was a union organizer, and pistol, and anarchist said something like, Rockefeller's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00142-00102404-00103250": "have ladies, but the good lord God made women. And who pushed the boundaries. Does anyone", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00143-00103250-00104047": "else have an idea of what would be a daring theme? It kind of covers it, but I thought", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00144-00104047-00105197": "maybe with all creative women somebody might have another definition. So, our next slide.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00145-00105197-00106469": "So, when we look at a picture like this, which has Weegee-esque associations. But, in fact,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00146-00106469-00107176": "it's not a Weegee photograph. We bring to the picture a kind of reading, What's going", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00147-00107176-00107839": "on here? We see to the right of the woman, smoke coming out of the window, we assume", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00148-00107839-00108470": "that she's leaping for her life. There's what appear to be a police man in the foreground.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00149-00108470-00109241": "But, often times, the real beauty of this collection and looking at images, is this", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00150-00109241-00109825": "shared dialogue. Well, what do you see? What do you think is going on in this picture?", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00151-00109825-00110417": "Because, again, many of the pictures in our collection aren't by anonymous photographers.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00152-00110417-00111020": "The subjects aren't identified. It's a vernacular collection that is grounded in the history", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00153-00111020-00112756": "of art and social history and in feminism. So, quite a difference, right? Up until the", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00154-00112756-00113676": "industrial revolution, the lives that most women lead were pretty circumspect. Certainly,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00155-00113676-00114200": "and we all know in the dinner party attest to it, there have always been daring, amazing", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00156-00114200-00115677": "women throughout history and throughout culture. But, these were the exceptions.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00157-00115677-00116207": "Up until that point, the only way that women could really be out in the world, again, for", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00158-00116207-00116961": "the most part, was to read about it. And, that is, if somebody taught them how to read.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00159-00116961-00117554": "Because it wasn't considered necessary for most women to be educated or to be literate.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00160-00117554-00118638": "So, the doors for a woman were really in her book. And then, the industrial revolution", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00161-00118638-00119099": "opened the window for women. It allowed them to go into the workplace in a different way", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00162-00119099-00119744": "and in much greater numbers. And it allowed them to be more mobile and less dependent", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00163-00119744-00120646": "on their male counterparts to take them places and chaperone them, as it were. So in looking", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00164-00120646-00121260": "at this image and some of the other images from the 19th century, because we bring so", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00165-00121260-00121931": "much of our own expectations to looking at older pictures, it's important to understand", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00166-00121931-00122669": "that this is how this woman chose to be represented. She went to the local studio photographer,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00167-00122669-00123375": "she brought her book, she set up the tableau. I'm sure with the photographer, him or herself,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00168-00123375-00123843": "because photography from the beginning was an equal- opportunity employer. There were", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00169-00123843-00124592": "many women daguerreotypists, many women practicing photography from the 1840's onward. So this", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00170-00124592-00125569": "notion of, how do I want to be shown, is very much a staged notion. And, what we see in", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00171-00125569-00126435": "this wonderful ambrotype is taking it to the next step. This idea of a really curious,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00172-00126435-00127097": "a really mischievous woman looking out, the seeker, the kind of quintessential seeker", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00173-00127097-00127936": "that is this foundation of our collection. So this is an ambrotype, it's a unique image,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00174-00127936-00128703": "it's actually a photograph on glass. They're housed in these little leather miniature books", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00175-00128703-00129355": "called cases, leather cases. It's protected with a sheet of glass, a preserver. So you", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00176-00129355-00129957": "get a whole package here. And you can begin to understand how precious photographs were,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00177-00129957-00131168": "how really special they were to the 19th century viewer. So the window opened, the door opened,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00178-00131168-00131999": "and there's no going back for us. We're going to Harvard. Or Vassar, actually, which was", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00179-00131999-00132543": "the first women's college. So women started getting educated and started going out into", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00180-00132543-00133530": "the world, living lives on their own. Is that Elizabeth Taylor? No, couldn't possibly be.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00181-00133530-00134409": "Maybe her doppelganger. Couldn't possibly be. This is an album from Wells College, which", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00182-00134409-00135051": "a woman put together. And we have several albums, we love albums. Because album-making,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00183-00135051-00135857": "and even today scrapbooking, is the big thing. There are whole stores and television programs", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00184-00135857-00136677": "dedicated to the art of scrapbooking. So here, we love these albums, not just for the individual", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00185-00136677-00137154": "pictures, but because of the writing on them. And sometimes they're very creative, and there", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00186-00137154-00138011": "are little drawings, and they're just so personal and a real look into these women's lives.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00187-00138011-00138546": "So you've seen these blue-toned images if you like to go antiquing, if you're a big", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00188-00138546-00139213": "yard sale aficionado. These are cyanotypes, one of the more popular photographic techniques", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00189-00139213-00139861": "in the 1890's, turn of the last century. And what's interesting about it is that it really", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00190-00139861-00140731": "was a technique directed to women, especially students, amateurs, because there were no", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00191-00140731-00141301": "chemicals involved in making these pictures. They were printed out with the sunlight. And", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00192-00141301-00142085": "so, in a lot of the student albums that we see from Wells College and from other universities", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00193-00142085-00142722": "this is the predominant technique. And as Donna said, the fact that the pictures are", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00194-00142722-00143373": "annotated, they're captioned, really gives us a lot of information about college life.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00195-00143373-00144043": "It looked like it was fun. You can't go back. Forget it. That was quick. You all recognized", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00196-00144043-00144516": "that, we all have one just like it. Oh you did go? Oh thank you. Thank you. Thank you.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00197-00144516-00145232": "Yes. So this is very recognizable and we really like pictures like this that are resonant", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00198-00145232-00145987": "to all of us. We can look at this and we see our self in it, we see our mother in it, and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00199-00145987-00146648": "also personally, we each have such a different, similar, the same and also different, take", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00200-00146648-00147624": "on creating this collection. Personally, I love when it comes to a type. Whether it's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00201-00147624-00148236": "a student, or a nurse, or a teacher, I love to try to find them of every decade. It's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00202-00148236-00149070": "so interesting to see how we have progressed. And so she's very recent. So, once women have", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00203-00149070-00150060": "gotten their education and once the roads were built they took off. And this is, yes", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00204-00150060-00150595": "we love this picture, both of us love this. It's so lyrical. And it's just like it's a", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00205-00150595-00151536": "big world out there and my bag is packed and here I come. Watch out world! It just, again,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00206-00151536-00152145": "these pictures that don't have information associated with them sort of lend themselves", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00207-00152145-00152852": "to such poetic interpretations and the composition of this picture, the way she's just gazing", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00208-00152852-00153994": "out into the sea, the world. We do, we love this picture. And this is the world. We started", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00209-00153994-00155002": "off on foot and don't you love that. I mean, hiking in those long dresses and those boots", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00210-00155002-00155755": "with little heels. Slippery leather soles and hats. Perfectly pressed white blouses.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00211-00155755-00156852": "Long sleeves. Long sleeves. Of course. So, here we are. And if there is a ledge you're", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00212-00156852-00158177": "going to find a woman on it. So that says. Cliff Dwellers, December 30th 1907. Ooh, you", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00213-00158177-00159422": "have good eyes. Yeah. This is the Angel Trail going down to the Grand Canyon. Again, how", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00214-00159422-00160533": "do they keep those blouses clean I want to know? Now, there are going to be a few pictures", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00215-00160533-00161649": "of her. Her name is Mrs. Maxwell and she had two skills. One, she was an expert marks-woman.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00216-00161649-00162255": "And she was the first woman taxidermist. And we'll talk a little bit more about the taxidermy,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00217-00162255-00163023": "but here she was out hunting with her hound. With her real dog, yes. Of course we don't", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00218-00163023-00164590": "know whether that is before or after it died This one we do know. This is a fox. So, this", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00219-00164590-00165595": "is a stereo image. It's captioned, it's dated 1876. What we start to see in the 19th century", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00220-00165595-00166253": "images is this notion that women support their activities by selling photographs of what", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00221-00166253-00167206": "they do. And so, she was someone who exhibited at the Philadelphia Centennial in 1876. What's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00222-00167206-00167880": "interesting about her is that she elected not to exhibit in the women's pavilion (and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00223-00167880-00168433": "that there even was a women's pavilion deserves further research), but that she decided to", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00224-00168433-00169266": "exhibit in the Natural History pavilion and created this diorama that apparently almost", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00225-00169266-00169814": "sent her in to bankruptcy. But, she was a woman who was a naturalist. She was a woman", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00226-00169814-00170472": "who had, as Donna said, these other skill sets and she was a legend in her own time.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00227-00170472-00171402": "And, who would have known if we didn't find this picture. Now, she has a name. Her name", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00228-00171402-00171930": "is Mrs. Malen, and I'm going to read this because there's a printed caption that was", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00229-00171930-00172587": "affixed to the back of the mount of this. This strange woman has become notorious throughout", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00230-00172587-00173505": "Colorado for her queer manner of living. The cabin is situated on top of Gold Hill, opposite", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00231-00173505-00174286": "of Buena Vista, at an elevation of 10,000 feet or about 3000 feet higher than the town.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00232-00174286-00175111": "The cabin was built mostly by herself. She's also making all of her furniture alone. Mrs.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00233-00175111-00175692": "Malen has lived in this odd place for two years. She carries water a mile for cooking", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00234-00175692-00176192": "and often carries a sack of flour, which, of course, would be a 10 or 50 pound sack,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00235-00176192-00176795": "up the steep hill for three or four miles where others can scarcely follow empty handed.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00236-00176795-00177717": "So, she's kind of shero. But again, what's noteworthy about this is she's selling this", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00237-00177717-00178377": "picture, and she's talking about herself in the third person, as this kind of queer local", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00238-00178377-00179214": "oddball. I mean, here's the photograph. There she is, posing in front of her cabin. Guess", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00239-00179214-00180040": "what? There's no Kodak camera available then. She is soliciting the services of a local", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00240-00180040-00180695": "photographer, creating this whole legend around herself and supplementing her income. Pretty", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00241-00180695-00181675": "cool. And the exploration continues. This is the 1940s. Again, they're wearing high", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00242-00181675-00182404": "heels to explore this cave. Isn't that the only way to do it? I guess. One wants to be", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00243-00182404-00183270": "ladylike at all costs. So as I said, if there's a cliff, you're going to find a woman on it", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00244-00183270-00184339": "and her loyal dog. Yeah. So, not only did they set off by foot, but by wheel. And this", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00245-00184339-00185035": "is pre-bloomer. This is bicycle with long skirts again. This is, I think, our earliest", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00246-00185035-00185586": "bicycle picture. And, interestingly enough  - I'm always going to be interjecting this", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00247-00185586-00186321": "photographic theme - the introduction of the bicycle is parallel with the introduction", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00248-00186321-00187003": "of the Kodak camera. So you see this whole recreational element emerging in the late", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00249-00187003-00188297": "1880s, 1890s, and it was really revolutionary: women in long skirts on bikes. And then, cars.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00250-00188297-00188789": "Look, we know that there are places in the world today that it's illegal for women to", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00251-00188789-00189667": "drive. So this is very early. And then, this is a kind of chronological sequence. So not", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00252-00189667-00190319": "only were they out for a joyride, she's on a serious adventure here with her map. This", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00253-00190319-00191169": "is a gas station she stopped in. Oh, wait a second. What does that say? Coast Oh, interesting.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00254-00191169-00192382": "It's Coast Tires. That's her extra tire on the side of the And once you have a car, you", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00255-00192382-00193259": "got to take care of it. What year is this picture? I'd say this is the 30s, based on", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00256-00193259-00194000": "the car, although I'm not a car expert. But I think so. Probably 34. Yeah, 34. OK. 34!", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00257-00194000-00195070": "That was precise. Wow. OK. And here we go again. How do you change your tire? You got", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00258-00195070-00195680": "to wear a skirt and high heels. This is the 50s, right? Yeah, this is 50s. Yeah, this", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00259-00195680-00196062": "is the 50s. And his is an automotive high school. So, she's actually in school learning", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00260-00196062-00196936": "to be a mechanic. So we should probably say that finding these pictures is kind of difficult.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00261-00196936-00197684": "There are just not at the top of the matted photograph heap, when you go into a trade", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00262-00197684-00198375": "show or when you walk into a gallery. This really has taken a lot of discovery and invention,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00263-00198375-00199226": "because a visual history of women, not that important. And so, we've really done our thorough", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00264-00199226-00200098": "homework. I mean, Donna is great about going into every single picture in every stack.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00265-00200098-00201442": "She's very thorough. And then, we go for the speed. So this is an early motorcycle. And", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00266-00201442-00202681": "then, we just check to the sky. Oh, yeah! Again, notice her outfit. It just drives me", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00267-00202681-00203391": "crazy. I also think if you could if the picture were a lot more readable on the screen, you", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00268-00203391-00203936": "would see that she too is flirting with the photographer. She's having a wonderful time", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00269-00203936-00205209": "up there. Now, we do know who she is. This is Ruth Law. Yeah, this is Ruth Law. And on", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00270-00205209-00205800": "the back of the picture there's a handwritten notation that says, Ruth Law, our first woman", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00271-00205800-00206596": "aviatrix, and Yours truly. But we don't know who yours truly is. In Daytona, Florida, July", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00272-00206596-00207619": "4th, 1921. So this is an early biplane. And again, she's definitely dressed for the skies.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00273-00207619-00208707": "And we know her; she's everybody's shero. Even though she came along later, she was", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00274-00208707-00210073": "definitely the premier aviatrix and captured everybody's imagination. All I know about", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00275-00210073-00210905": "this picture is that it's in Portland, Oregon. And she's got her map and she's ready to take", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00276-00210905-00212428": "off. In her heels. Now you see her name. Her full name is Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00277-00212428-00213629": "She was the very first woman in space - Russian. Soviet, we should say. Was Sally Ride. Yes.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00278-00213629-00214211": "Let see. We have. Oh, let me see. So that's Sally Ride in the lower left. That's Judith", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00279-00214211-00214846": "Resnik in the top right, who perished in the Challenger tragedy. And Margaret Rhea Seddon.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00280-00214846-00215654": "Right. She is next Sally Ride, the blonde woman upfront. Yeah. Kathryn Sullivan, Shannon", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00281-00215654-00216784": "Lucid, Anna Fisher, and Judith Resnik. So now, we're transitioning to another category:", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00282-00216784-00217758": "as women horizons widen, broaden, so do their ambitions. These are a bunch of firsts. This", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00283-00217758-00218663": "is Tennessee Claflin. Her nickname was Tennie. She was Victoria Woodhull's sister, and the", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00284-00218663-00219471": "two of them were the first stockbrokers first woman stockbrokers. They had a brokerage house", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00285-00219471-00220267": "and then they went on to publish the Woodhull and Claflin Weekly, which featured articles", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00286-00220267-00221717": "written only by women and about women's rights, education of women and free love.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00287-00221717-00222401": "Her name is Louisa Parker, and she's one the very first women doctors. She graduated from", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00288-00222401-00223266": "the New England Female Medical College in 1861. She practiced in Boston for 38 years,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00289-00223266-00224731": "and in her spare time had 10 children. Oh! Oh, my god! This is a physician. We found", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00290-00224731-00225642": "the photo. We don't know her name or where she practiced. It's just one of those fantastic", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00291-00225642-00226507": "images that, again, is posed. It's done intentionally. But to find a photograph of a woman doctor", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00292-00226507-00227785": "is pretty special. Yeah. These are the first woman gendarmes in Paris, in 1935. There they", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00293-00227785-00228492": "are, pictured in there fabulous outfits. It looks like the heels gave away to clunky shoes.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00294-00228492-00229192": "They did a lot of walking. Our collection also includes photographs from around the", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00295-00229192-00230044": "world. We want to see how there is this interrelationship between the quest for equal rights in England,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00296-00230044-00230651": "in France and the United States. And how it all kind of mixes and interrelates. So oh,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00297-00230651-00231677": "yes and this is an early fire fighter. And this is a drill; a practice drill. It was", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00298-00231677-00232423": "a rescue. So, it's kind of amazing. And then the next series that you are going to see", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00299-00232423-00233289": "are all factory pictures. And this is what Daile was mentioning before that oh, I'm sorry,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00300-00233289-00234060": "I forgot about her. Yes, and actually we just, just, just obtained a photograph of Florence", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00301-00234060-00234576": "Nightingale, which would be in the slide show before her. But it came so late we did not", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00302-00234576-00235398": "even have time to scan it. But this is a field nurse in the field as you can see during World", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00303-00235398-00236186": "War II. Now the factory. Now you know we are all familiar and love the idea of Rosie the", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00304-00236186-00236819": "Riveter. And that was World War II. I don't think I ever realized that there were women", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00305-00236819-00237642": "actively working in factories to support World War I. And here they are. And they're just", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00306-00237642-00238290": "a whole series of pictures. And this is what Daile was mentioning before about what is", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00307-00238290-00238973": "daring. Sometimes it's daring to leave your home and your children, and your whatever.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00308-00238973-00239773": "And go out and work in a filthy, dangerous, noisy place because you had to. Either for", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00309-00239773-00240411": "your own personal economic situation, or because of a greater political situation, which called", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00310-00240411-00241094": "people into service. So this is a scene from a munitions factory in Britain, and again", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00311-00241094-00241900": "the Rosie the Riveter archetype, in some ways can be traced to how women's roles were in", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00312-00241900-00242538": "transition during the First World War, and how that sort of trickles down to the United", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00313-00242538-00243403": "States during the Second World War. So this is all heavy, loud machinery. Women working", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00314-00243403-00244221": "in skirts, of course they are not allowed to wear anything more comfortable. This is", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00315-00244221-00245023": "the Curtiss Aviation factory. Glenn Curtiss was one of the pioneers of the American airplane", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00316-00245023-00245928": "industry. He had women workers in his employ. I just wanted to say that all of these are", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00317-00245928-00247198": "fascinating, but we don't really know who these women are; we don't have their personal", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00318-00247198-00248688": "stories. OK. This is called 20 Ton Crane OET, whatever that means. We're not quite sure", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00319-00248688-00250271": "what these are. That looks cleaner and quieter than the other ones. I think it is parachutes", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00320-00250271-00251527": "again related to British military presence in the First World War. Exactly. Thank you", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00321-00251527-00252404": "Sherman. Actually since we've been collecting these, I've read that the herstory of women", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00322-00252404-00253073": "working in factories to support war actually went all the way back to the Civil War, and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00323-00253073-00253835": "I would give anything to find photographs of this. But women hand made, in little molds", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00324-00253835-00254765": "the lead bullets, which probably killed them actually. So for all you Art History students,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00325-00254765-00255644": "this picture has the association with Renchenko with Lewis Hine as kind of turning the industrial", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00326-00255644-00256485": "wheel. And here's a woman behind it. This is the creed. Is a sailboat making they're", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00327-00256485-00257364": "making? Some sort of a boat part I think. Looks like an airplane wing. Yeah, maybe.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00328-00257364-00258732": "These are the airplane wings. This is more Curtiss Motor Corp. And we're still building", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00329-00258732-00259635": "them. This is World War II. Yes. And then, after a hard day at the factory, girls just", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00330-00259635-00260621": "want to have a little fun! It was fun to look up women's baseball to do a Google search.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00331-00260621-00261246": "Because the first 20 pages were all about women as spectators at baseball games. But,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00332-00261246-00261946": "if you dig a little deeper, you discover that Vassar; Vassar keeps coming up. Vassar had", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00333-00261946-00262627": "the first women's baseball team. There were teams in the 1870's called the Blondes and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00334-00262627-00263645": "the Brunettes. There were games in which teams, female teams played against male teams. And", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00335-00263645-00264556": "this picture is probably, there it is, stated 1891. So it's 30, 40 years into the game,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00336-00264556-00265313": "but again very rare to find an image like this and they're all identified, which is", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00337-00265313-00265883": "even better. Now I just noticed, this is called the Young Ladies Baseball Club, because the", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00338-00265883-00266742": "next one. Now we've got the Bloomer Girls, not so ladylike. They were not only daring", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00339-00266742-00268021": "because they played the sport, but that they put on pants. Now, does anybody know what", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00340-00268021-00268556": "game this is exactly? It's a shot-put. It's a shot-put. Shot-put. Oh my gosh. So they're", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00341-00268556-00270126": "a team. Wow, I didn't realize the shot-put had", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00342-00270126-00271118": "a string attached to it. This is 1927 high school portrait. And the teacher. They figured", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00343-00271118-00272198": "out their outfits pretty well. The striped socks. This is Jean La Mar, the world bantamweight", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00344-00272198-00273234": "champion. And she was popular in the 1920's. This picture is dated 1925. Looks like she's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00345-00273234-00274506": "socking her manager, I guess he didn't do a good job. And here she is. Here she is,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00346-00274506-00275446": "Conchita! She just died today. Today? Are you kidding? Oh my God! What, oh that's totally", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00347-00275446-00276250": "bizarre, wow. Oh, well you know, here's to Conchita. She was amazing. There is a really", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00348-00276250-00277056": "great story associated with this picture and the next one. We were on a photo searching", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00349-00277056-00277700": "trip in Texas. Driving from little town to little town looking for old photographs, and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00350-00277700-00278415": "we drive into a town called Del Rio, which is on the Mexican border. What was the town", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00351-00278415-00279049": "in Mexico? Acuna. Acuna, and we didn't see any antique stores of trade shows or you know.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00352-00279049-00279413": "And I said, you know what, there is an old photo studio. Let's just go in there and see.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00353-00279413-00280410": "And there was an elderly woman behind the counter, and we said, we are looking for old", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00354-00280410-00280888": "photographs. That's all we said. And so she pulled out all the photographs from the famous", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00355-00280888-00281693": "flood of whatever, oh twelve where all the bridges in Del Rio blew over. And we said,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00356-00281693-00282085": "actually we're looking for photographs of people, specifically women. Do you have any", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00357-00282085-00283167": "old photographs of women? And she said, \"Oh, like this? Said, oh my God! So here we have", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00358-00283167-00284070": "the one picture of Conchita, and the second picture. She was a matadora who retired at", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00359-00284070-00285266": "the age of 28. After killing 800 bulls. She was a force to be reckoned with, and apparently", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00360-00285266-00286107": "her ring was in Acuna, Mexico. So the pictures of her were made by the local photographer", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00361-00286107-00287012": "in Texas. She was actually Chilean born, but, yeah. Wow. And here's Althea Gibson, first", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00362-00287012-00287584": "tennis champion. It's really wonderful, all the pictures that we've seen of her she's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00363-00287584-00288993": "kissing a trophy! And here is oh, Sherman, this is just for you! This is Kitty Adams,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00364-00288993-00289643": "pro wrestler from Long Island! And in preparation for this picture, Sherman, we did a little", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00365-00289643-00291080": "research. You can see a video of her on YouTube. OK. And then we move into the arts. And, you", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00366-00291080-00291327": "want to talk about this? This is a tin type photograph. Tin types were introduced around", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00367-00291327-00291949": "the time of the Civil War. They're those little silver pictures that you see that everybody", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00368-00291949-00292419": "thinks are made of tin, when they're actually made of iron. They're unique; they're one", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00369-00292419-00293257": "of a kind. And to find a picture where women are actively painting at their easels, again,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00370-00293257-00293790": "there's a kind of spontaneous element to a photograph like that. Tin types are on the", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00371-00293790-00294648": "cusp of the sort of revolution of this staid, posed photographic image and the freer, liberated", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00372-00294648-00295560": "photographic image. Have easel, will travel. Yeah, it's kind of wonderful because it's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00373-00295560-00297097": "like How did she get there? Yeah. If anybody knows the name of this artist, please raise", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00374-00297097-00298099": "your hand. We got this picture, no information as to who she is, reputation, nothing. But", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00375-00298099-00298868": "the notion of posing in her studio, what appears to be a fairly squalid studio, with her cherished", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00376-00298868-00299644": "works of art. This is just, it's amazing! It's amazing to find anything like this of", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00377-00299644-00300779": "there's President Washington on the rear wall. It's probably 1880's, 1890's. And a bottle", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00378-00300779-00301667": "of wine on the floor! Or something stronger! You've got to get in the mood! I think it's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00379-00301667-00302567": "turpentine. And here's Mrs. Maxwell again in her studio creating her stuffed animals,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00380-00302567-00303269": "as it were. Actually there's a description of what she did at the Centennial Exhibition,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00381-00303269-00304285": "position let's see Oh, no, she was in the Kansas Colorado Building. And she did a Rocky", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00382-00304285-00305005": "Mountains display that fascinated both the visitors and the press. She used paste, pulverized", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00383-00305005-00305803": "ore, water, lime, gravel and evergreenas her construction materials. And she built a realistic", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00384-00305803-00306574": "natural landscape in which to place all of her wildlife specimens which she, you know,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00385-00306574-00307840": "had personally killed and stuffed. Next here is Grandma Moses aka Anna Mary Robertson,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00386-00307840-00308581": "who started painting at the age of 78. Her first paintings were available for $2 a $3.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00387-00308581-00309218": "She was picked up by the Galerie St. Etienne which recognized her skills as a naīve folk", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00388-00309218-00309947": "artist and the rest, as they say, is history. She worked in Maine, she worked in Upstate", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00389-00309947-00310639": "New York and, again, this is a picture, an early color picture, by Harry Warnecke, a", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00390-00310639-00311201": "Daily News photographer who did all the covers of the Rotogravures in the 30's, 40's and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00391-00311201-00312029": "50's in color. We haven't been able to identify which painting she's working on but there", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00392-00312029-00313164": "she is! She worked for almost three decades and created 3,600 paintings. Oh! Wow! This", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00393-00313164-00314003": "is a Brassi photograph of sculptures that the Academy Julienne in Paris in 1935. And", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00394-00314003-00314564": "of course what's interesting about the context of this picture is, women were allowed to", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00395-00314564-00315924": "model but they were not allowed to be students.This is a picture that's of after the school of", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00396-00315924-00316676": "Thomas Aiken's. Again, the notion that a woman, young woman, would get undressed in the United", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00397-00316676-00317305": "States in front of male students was pretty racy. And Thomas Aiken, as some of you may", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00398-00317305-00318146": "know, was excoriated for not only allowing it but encouraging it and was forced to resign", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00399-00318146-00318878": "his position at the Pennsylvania Academy of Arts. But this picture has a kind of visual", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00400-00318878-00319875": "residence because there's the nude model next to the nude male figure. And this picture,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00401-00319875-00320358": "if we, if you have time. Might be a little familiar! Yeah, to look at the Burning Down", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00402-00320358-00321094": "the House show. It's an icon of feminism, there's Carolee Schneemann. This is a Fluxus", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00403-00321094-00322054": "event that she did in 1975 where she apparently came out fully dressed in an apron, started", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00404-00322054-00322901": "to disrobe and eventually removes this scroll from her vagina. There's a life-size photograph", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00405-00322901-00324255": "of it in the exhibition next door. 1975. And this is the Guerrilla Girls, this is one of", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00406-00324255-00324657": "the posters that they did. Of course, the only pictures you'll ever see of the Guerrilla", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00407-00324657-00325610": "Girls are behind their guerrilla masks. So, we won't tell you who they are. And then we", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00408-00325610-00326473": "transition to women with a camera! We start to see the camera get smaller, get lighter,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00409-00326473-00327415": "get easier to operate and in fact Kodak directs its advertising campaign to women! To homemakers,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00410-00327415-00328135": "to young women and there's a real resurgence of photographic practice that of course we", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00411-00328135-00329376": "see to this day. These are the different Kodak cameras circa 1893, 1895, 1900. And there's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00412-00329376-00330502": "Kodak's logo in the lap of the woman at the right. See how easy it is? This is one of", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00413-00330502-00331427": "our favorite pictures! So, this is a cross-cultural encounter where the photographer has shared", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00414-00331427-00332166": "her camera with her subject who seems to be interested in taking the picture but he's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00415-00332166-00332893": "a little unclear about how to actually do it. We would love to be able to say this is", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00416-00332893-00334091": "Margaret Niven but it isn't. No, we don't know. We don't know. And then we come to Queen", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00417-00334091-00334819": "Victoria, who is a really important person in the history of photography. Who would have", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00418-00334819-00335643": "thunk? In addition to ruling the world, she became an avid practitioner. There was a darkroom", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00419-00335643-00336350": "at Buckingham Palace; she created scrapbooks of family events. I've been fortunate enough", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00420-00336350-00336982": "to see some of them, stag hunts, birthday parties. The fact that she's posing with family", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00421-00336982-00337632": "photographs on the table next to her. When her husband died, after Prince Albert's death", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00422-00337632-00338331": "she wore a Gregorian bracelet, a memorial bracelet for the rest of her life honoring", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00423-00338331-00339351": "him and just showing her citizenry, the relationship she had to photography. She championed it,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00424-00339351-00340220": "she practiced it, she made it popular, she made it fun. And we're looking for one of", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00425-00340220-00341286": "her family albums, if you happen to have one. So, this is Fanny Fern. She was a writer and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00426-00341286-00342335": "she was the first woman to have her own column in 1852. And she was so good at it that by", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00427-00342335-00342959": "1855 she was the highest paid writer in the United States. And she coined the expression", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00428-00342959-00343914": "The way to a man's heart is through his stomach. Among many other wonderful quips. Here's Gertrude", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00429-00343914-00344628": "Stein. A photograph that we actually can attribute to Carl Van Vechten, who was a very important", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00430-00344628-00345325": "photographer of the Harlem Renaissance in the 1930s, knew everybody. This is actually", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00431-00345325-00346176": "Stein in France, and Van Vechten got to travel around as well. And of course, she was daring", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00432-00346176-00346958": "in her use of the English language. She really opened up literature, and through her own", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00433-00346958-00347692": "salons, championed not only literature, but the visual arts. She and her brother had a", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00434-00347692-00348369": "huge art collection. So, she was really daring in many ways, in her personal life, in her", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00435-00348369-00349611": "career life. Who knows what she's writing? Maybe that's how. Who knows what she's writing?", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00436-00349611-00350106": "It's so great. It's the vernacular counterpart. It's kind of like: There's Gertrude Stein,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00437-00350106-00350807": "and there's the woman in her kitchen. And she may have turned out to be. Who knows?", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00438-00350807-00351421": "Now, this is a great segue. I just want you to know notice this. We go from the arts to", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00439-00351421-00351981": "entertainment. OK. Here's this woman writer in her kitchen. And, here's the Presbyterian", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00440-00351981-00353549": "kitchen band. And they really are playing pots and pans that are creatively reconfigured.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00441-00353549-00354398": "Samson and Delilah. Samson's the one with the hair. So, all we know is her name is Delilah.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00442-00354398-00355365": "Is it really Delilah, we don't really know? But she was a circus performer, and clearly", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00443-00355365-00356392": "had a lovely relationship with her pet lion. And here's some more recent version of that.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00444-00356392-00356972": "Not so recent, but. This is Marie Rasmussen, who was associated with Ringling Brothers", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00445-00356972-00357516": "Circus in the 1930s. You'll see that this is an actual performance. There are people", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00446-00357516-00358313": "in the bandstand. If you look at the picture carefully, she's wearing a leopard scarf.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00447-00358313-00359416": "Which is a subtle threat, You guys behave. This is a real photo postcard of a sharpshooter.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00448-00359416-00360163": "The photographic techniques include pictures large and small. Real photo postcards were", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00449-00360163-00360683": "introduced in the early 20th century. And guess what? You got to send your picture through", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00450-00360683-00361680": "the mail. And we have a bunch of those, with identifying features. And this is Calamity", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00451-00361680-00362831": "Jane. Her name was Martha Jane Cannary, and she was born in Missouri. We didn't write", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00452-00362831-00363400": "this. This hard drinking woman wore men's clothing, used their body language, chewed", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00453-00363400-00364143": "tobacco and was handy with a gun, I would say to say the least. She participated in", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00454-00364143-00364864": "the Gold Rush. There's a wonderful book of Calamity Jane's letters to her daughter. So", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00455-00364864-00365857": "I urge you to look into that. This is Mabel Strickland on Stranger. And she was a rodeo", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00456-00365857-00366538": "rider, obviously. There's also a movie. Yes, the movie about.Oh, Calamity. with Doris Day.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00457-00366538-00367233": "Oh, absolutely. Actually, that was the first movie I ever saw, which was prophetic. I was", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00458-00367233-00367639": "three years old. My father took me to the circus, and I was so terrified at the clowns.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00459-00367639-00368422": "I was shrieking. He took me out, and then we went to this movie. It was just a real", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00460-00368422-00369535": "memorable first milestone in my life. Who knew? Oh, that's Mabel Strickland, again,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00461-00369535-00371325": "trick rider. See, you can also wear heels on a horse. But there's our favorite, Georgia", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00462-00371325-00372281": "Sweet. She, again, was associated with. Ringling. Ringling Brothers Circus. She makes it look", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00463-00372281-00373823": "so easy. This is Fanny Gorman, who was a strong woman. Somehow she lost her neck during her", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00464-00373823-00374727": "career. It's depressing. I love this photo because of its depiction of family values.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00465-00374727-00376411": "Can we say she supports your family? Now, we don't know anything about this, except", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00466-00376411-00377272": "she was a female escape artist. She's being tied up and tossed into the water. I don't", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00467-00377272-00378614": "know, I guess she got out of it. She looks a little suspect in that picture. And here's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00468-00378614-00379349": "another water. Now, yes, here's an entertainer, early entertainer. Of course, she's smoking,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00469-00379349-00380153": "which was also a no, no. And she's dressed sort of in circus regalia, but also a little", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00470-00380153-00380820": "cross- dressy. And apparently that was the big Vaudeville thing - is for women to perform", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00471-00380820-00381648": "as men, which is ironic because the women's parts in early theater were played by men.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00472-00381648-00383250": "So here's a visual history of the bathing suit. No high heels. This is one of my favorite", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00473-00383250-00384153": "pictures. It's a can-can photo of, again. It's a small picture from the 1920s, snapshot,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00474-00384153-00385191": "just really captures the outlandishness of that dance. A Weegee photo of a stripper.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00475-00385191-00385799": "After Weegee left New York and crime- scene-ville, he went out to Hollywood and got into theatrical", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00476-00385799-00385958": "photography. And then, this is a snapshot that somebody took at a family gathering,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00477-00385958-00387139": "and here's the guest artist belly dancer. And, of course, until very recent. Belly dancing", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00478-00387139-00388181": "is having a big resurgence right now. I have to say that at the age of 62, I started taking", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00479-00388181-00389560": "belly dance lessons. But here, it was still a little under on the risqué side. And here", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00480-00389560-00390277": "we have. Nothing to say about her, really. She speaks for herself. She definitely speaks", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00481-00390277-00391108": "for herself. So this our segue into, you know, we can call them bad girls or girls with an", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00482-00391108-00392072": "attitude. She's got a run in her stockings, so she's got a bad attitude. Now we love this", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00483-00392072-00392792": "picture. I mean, is she bad? Of course, she's not bad. But it's so about daring and the", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00484-00392792-00393692": "attitude of. Of what? I love this picture, and I really don't know what to say about", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00485-00393692-00394759": "it. Now, she is bad, because she is smoking in the garden while she's supposed to be serving", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00486-00394759-00395269": "dinner. And they're smoking, too. I don't know if you can read that sign, but it says,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00487-00395269-00396526": "No smoking or Talking. She's smoking a box of cigars, which is still a no, no. And here", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00488-00396526-00397889": "is the bad girl of all bad girls. Mae West. And she really was. I mean, she was tough", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00489-00397889-00398769": "and she was really smart, and she really ran her own career. She did what she felt was", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00490-00398769-00399957": "right, no matter what. That's because she was from Brooklyn. Here's a little dialogue", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00491-00399957-00401273": "going on. I don't know if it came to anything. Now, this is a little series that we have", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00492-00401273-00401823": "here. And, of course, they are not bad girls, and their attitude is not bad. But, this little", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00493-00401823-00402571": "series is of women who are really owning their sexuality. Really owning it and displaying", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00494-00402571-00403303": "it and feeling really comfortable about it. These are not porno, these were not paid models,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00495-00403303-00404204": "these were not done to turn on men. This is clearly for her partner in the privacy of", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00496-00404204-00405499": "her own bedroom. And, here's another one. I love this picture. She is happy. Can you", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00497-00405499-00406482": "all read that, what it says? Erma the Body, she says, We back our men in Vietnam. You're", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00498-00406482-00407325": "good neighbor policy in action. Now these women were paid for sex. These are prostitutes", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00499-00407325-00410038": "in the red light district in Holland, Amsterdam. Come up and see me some time. Disturbed, Lake", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00500-00410038-00411348": "Huntington, New York. Are they peeing? Yes, they are peeing. And, this women is undressing,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00501-00411348-00412377": "getting into the bath, and then on the toilet. Sort of French Lartigue representation. Really,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00502-00412377-00415371": "just, so intimate. Can you take our picture? Bad girl. Really bad girl. You are such a", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00503-00415371-00415921": "bad girl. Are those French? No, these are American. Again, amateur pictures. Caught", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00504-00415921-00417470": "in the act. Now, here we have a series of, what we think, are lesbian depictions. We", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00505-00417470-00419406": "don't know if they are relationships or whatever. It's odd; you don't see pictures like this.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00506-00419406-00421757": "And you don't see pictures like this either. We worked really hard finding these pictures.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00507-00421757-00424929": "Isn't that sweet? Jitterbugging. Here's a double wedding. United we stand, divided we", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00508-00424929-00425655": "fall. Now this is another segue. These are our cross dressers. And, again, we don't know", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00509-00425655-00427346": "who they are or what their motive was, except that this was dangerous to do in public. So,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00510-00427346-00428059": "sometimes it's theatrically related, clearly some of these are performers, probably college.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00511-00428059-00430772": "party. And some of them aren't. Keep cool, Palm Beach. And, here we go from the sublime.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00512-00430772-00431443": "This is Poker Alice, who was also a Deadwood celebrity. Lived in Deadwood at the same time", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00513-00431443-00432174": "as Calamity Jane. We're now in a new area of the collection: criminals. She was a gambler,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00514-00432174-00432996": "a bootlegger, a madam. And, apparently, as a young woman, she was renowned for her beauty.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00515-00432996-00434671": "We don't know who she is. It's Austin, Texas, but that's all we know. This is Squeaky Fromme.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00516-00434671-00435361": "Oh this is so bizarre. I didn't know, neither one of us knew very much about her life, but", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00517-00435361-00436245": "as a young girl, she was a performer for a popular local dance group called the Westchester", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00518-00436245-00436917": "Lariats which, in the late 1950s toured the U.S. and Europe and appeared on the Lawrence", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00519-00436917-00437739": "Welk Show and at the White House. From then, she fell into bad company, as it were, and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00520-00437739-00438410": "drugs and so on. Took up with Charles Manson. She was not involved in the taped murders,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00521-00438410-00439167": "although she was arrested and imprisoned afterwards for protesting Manson's jailing and so on,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00522-00439167-00439734": "but those are very minor charges. But, then she went on to attempt to assassinate President", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00523-00439734-00440539": "Ford. And was sentenced to prison for life where she still lives. I don't know if you", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00524-00440539-00441092": "remember, those of you who can remember. There were two assassination attempts on President", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00525-00441092-00442259": "Ford in 17 days, hers was the first. Woops. No. They had nothing to do with that. And", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00526-00442259-00442935": "neither did she. Well, the caption to this picture is actually kind of interesting. This", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00527-00442935-00443686": "is Rose Lemonya, who is in prison darning the socks of her or darning the clothes of", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00528-00443686-00444773": "her 10 children while awaiting trial for the murder of her husband. Here she is. Yes, OK.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00529-00444773-00445480": "So, this is Sarah Jane Moore. The second person to attempt to assassinate President Ford.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00530-00445480-00446463": "He wasn't very popular with women somehow. She was an FBI informer, who worked for one", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00531-00446463-00447026": "of the members of the Hurst family. Her story is as convoluted and crazy as it gets and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00532-00447026-00448103": "she is still in prison. No. She served 32 years, though. And this is M.E. Montague Harris,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00533-00448103-00448968": "one of the co founders of the Simbanese Liberation Army. Right. So they were behind the kidnapping", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00534-00448968-00449728": "of Patty Hurst, and she also served in jail. They killed people, essentially. They robbed", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00535-00449728-00450389": "banks and they killed people. And here's Patty herself, who was, of course, kidnapped by", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00536-00450389-00451060": "the army and then became a member and spent two years in jail as a result of her activities", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00537-00451060-00451714": "and associations. And, she was given pardon by Bill Clinton. Actually, her sentence was", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00538-00451714-00452305": "first commuted by Jimmy Carter, and then she was completely forgiven by Bill Clinton. So,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00539-00452305-00452946": "as you can see, the collection includes ephemera as well as original photographs, because who", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00540-00452946-00453630": "wouldn't want a wanted poster. An original Patty. once hung in the post office near you.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00541-00453630-00454588": "So, these are Algerian freedom fighters, as they would call themselves. This is a Soviet", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00542-00454588-00455482": "freedom fighter. A partisan milking her cow. I love that picture. An anarchist. Ready to", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00543-00455482-00456232": "throw a hand grenade. And, what's interesting here, is are these freedom fighters or are", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00544-00456232-00456818": "they terrorists? If you'd ask them, they would consider themselves warriors for a cause,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00545-00456818-00457382": "I'm sure. So, the pictures really depend on, the interpretation really depends on who's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00546-00457382-00458010": "looking and who's writing the history. What does the writing. Yeah, this is a postcard", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00547-00458010-00458629": "that is heavily inscribed on the front and the back. And even the depiction of this young", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00548-00458629-00459374": "woman, it's somewhat comprised, because, here she is an anarchist with off at the shoulder", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00549-00459374-00460342": "blouse and kind of this very traditional depiction of femininity. So now these are what we would", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00550-00460342-00461293": "call warriors. These are military women. This is Pauline Cushman, who was a Union spy, transitioned", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00551-00461293-00462210": "from being an actress to working for the Union Army. She went through the entire war without", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00552-00462210-00463185": "ever having been discovered to be a woman. Patriotic figure from the First World War.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00553-00463185-00464059": "This is the First World War, too. also, I should say. This is what they called the Negro", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00554-00464059-00465088": "troops in World War II. They're at ease here, as you can see. They're at same sort of basic", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00555-00465088-00465857": "training camp. These are not at ease. This is their first. Review. Yeah, their first", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00556-00465857-00467409": "review. And this is very current. This is a young woman in Iraq. Now we get to women", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00557-00467409-00468155": "with a cause. And this is a photograph of a painting. Some of the women in our collection", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00558-00468155-00468951": "are pre-photographic. So, the painting becomes the record by which we recognize the figure,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00559-00468951-00469746": "who was, in this case, Elizabeth Gurney Fry, the angel of Newgate Prison, a social reformer", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00560-00469746-00470726": "in the UK, in the 1830s, 40s. She was a Quaker, an American, and went to England and worked", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00561-00470726-00471978": "on prison reform. Quakers usually don't act large. Their do-goodness is usually in small", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00562-00471978-00472692": "circles. She is just about the most famous Quaker who had a large impact in the world", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00563-00472692-00473507": "around her. She was a prison reformer, and in the prison, she did all this stuff for", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00564-00473507-00474038": "women in terms of childcare and education and so on. She also set up this whole series", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00565-00474038-00474886": "of halfway houses for women who were trying to come out. She called them the Newgate Association,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00566-00474886-00475567": "and then they sprang up in prisons all the over the United States and in Britain. And", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00567-00475567-00476110": "then. Oh, I'm sorry. I just wanted to say one other thing. She was very influential", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00568-00476110-00476868": "to Florence Nightingale. And then, here's Isabella Baumfree, Sojourner Truth, who, again,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00569-00476868-00477923": "very active supporter of women's rights, equal rights, and abolitionist movement. And how", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00570-00477923-00478623": "did she support herself? By selling this carte de visite, this photograph, that was available", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00571-00478623-00479329": "at the lectures that she gave around the country, and probably in Europe too. I sell the shadow", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00572-00479329-00480315": "to support the substance the shadow being the photographic image. And", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00573-00480315-00480930": "these are women's rights. They're wearing sashes Oh, no. I'm sorry. These are temperance.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00574-00480930-00482217": "The one on the left, it's hard to read, but it says, How dry I'm. And these are more reformers:", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00575-00482217-00483048": "Isabella Somerset, Frances Willard, very active in the temperance movement. These were minor", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00576-00483048-00484116": "royalty in England, too. They were duchess. And there is Mrs. Woodhull, sister of Tennie", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00577-00484116-00484738": "Claflin. She was the first female candidate for president in the 1860s. And these little", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00578-00484738-00485316": "cards, these business cards that people gave one another, were a form of portraiture for", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00579-00485316-00486196": "everybody, know as carte de visite. Hers, of course, is stamped with her vocation. Broker.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00580-00486196-00486951": "Spiritualist, also proponent of free love. Susan B. Anthony, who was photographed by", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00581-00486951-00488155": "Cirrone in New York City. These are a group of suffragettes in England being arrested", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00582-00488155-00488967": "by bobbies. In my research I discovered that there was a difference between suffragists", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00583-00488967-00489713": "and suffragettes. And it's interesting because suffragette sounds a little diminutive and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00584-00489713-00490478": "like it's not as important as a suffragist, but the suffragists were very moral, very", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00585-00490478-00491135": "calm, very reasoned thinkers, and the suffragettes were very impatient for social change and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00586-00491135-00492032": "they believed in protest. Civil disobedience. Civil disobedience, they broke the law, they", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00587-00492032-00493059": "were not opposed to violence in the name of the cause. And the headline on this newspaper", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00588-00493059-00494411": "says, We Did It! Here we see another suffrage-related image. There's Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Seneca", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00589-00494411-00495357": "Falls Commemorative. This is great. This is a union parade, and if you look at it really", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00590-00495357-00496099": "carefully, they're all holding umbrellas and they're placed in such a way as that the umbrellas", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00591-00496099-00496828": "create an American flag. The stars are in the upper right. And we were able to read", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00592-00496828-00497467": "the billboard on the back that indicated it wasn't a suffrage parade, it was a union parade.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00593-00497467-00498401": "Yeah. Here's Jane Adams, founder of Hull House in Chicago very important pacifist, went with", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00594-00498401-00499342": "Henry Ford to try to stop the First World War, involved in immigrant rights. First president", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00595-00499342-00500036": "of the Ladies' Guild of Peace and Freedom, and one of the very first women to win a Nobel", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00596-00500036-00500896": "Peace Prize. These are the first women. In Parliament. In Parliament in the UK. This", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00597-00500896-00501903": "is what, 1920? Yeah. Eleanor Roosevelt at Plymouth Rock. Which they had to chain down", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00598-00501903-00502776": "because they were afraid somebody was going to take the rock. Do you see that? Yeah. So", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00599-00502776-00503432": "we all know about Eleanor, but she was called the First Lady of the World. She was the first", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00600-00503432-00504192": "First Lady who had her own agenda and for decades after her husband died she continued", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00601-00504192-00505009": "doing her own work for peace, freedom, equality, the rights of the poor. Women's rights. Definitely", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00602-00505009-00505988": "women's rights. Oh I love this. This is Helen Keller at her Braille typewriter. And we couldn't", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00603-00505988-00506613": "decide: should we put her in the arts? Where do we put her? But she was definitely a woman", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00604-00506613-00507382": "with a cause. I don't know how she, I mean, she travelled around the world. She definitely", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00605-00507382-00508005": "was a supporter of people with disabilities but she also worked for peace and freedom", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00606-00508005-00508809": "and justice. She was a radical. She was not a liberal. She was a radical and was really", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00607-00508809-00509571": "out there. She was actually an anarchist and it's funny because, I guess because of her", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00608-00509571-00510191": "so-called disabilities, she was never called to task for it. But it's shocking, the things", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00609-00510191-00511865": "that she has written and said. It's hard to believe. And this is an unknown peace protester.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00610-00511865-00512411": "We were able to get some of the old press pictures from an old neighborhood newspaper", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00611-00512411-00513184": "in Greenpoint, New York, and this is a local protest against the incinerator in Greenpoint.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00612-00513184-00514835": "This is the Million Youth March, photo by Azeem Thomas. Bella Abzug for Congress. That's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00613-00514835-00515907": "Barbra Streisand behind her. Really? Dianne Feinstein, who did win the mayoral race and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00614-00515907-00516721": "her career is marked by many firsts. Yeah, she was the first female president of the", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00615-00516721-00517310": "board of supervisors in San Francisco, San Francisco's first female mayor, the first", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00616-00517310-00517970": "woman to serve in the senate from California, one of two female's Jewish senators, both", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00617-00517970-00518348": "from California. First woman to serve on the senate judiciary committee, first woman to", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00618-00518348-00518953": "chair the senate rules committee and the senate intelligence committee, and maybe we will", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00619-00518953-00520096": "be the first, you know what? Here is Shirley Chisholm; she was congress woman for seven", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00620-00520096-00521082": "terms. She also ran for president of the United States and received 152 first valid votes", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00621-00521082-00521976": "at the 1972 convention. And isn't that. oh never mind. And here we all know, this is", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00622-00521976-00522805": "Princess Diana of Wales, who really it would have been fascinated to see how she would", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00623-00522805-00523385": "have matured because she certainly was going in the right direction in terms of a woman", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00624-00523385-00524619": "with a cause or many causes. Seems to be in Ney York city. Right. And here, our final", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00625-00524619-00525331": "image is of Linda Carter as wonder woman and what we discovered is that 'wonder woman'", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00626-00525331-00526155": "is of course in Amazon. Read this whole thing, it's really good. The all female tribe of", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00627-00526155-00526934": "amazons and was sent to the man's world as an ambassador. Among the amazons, she is known", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00628-00526934-00527742": "as Princess Diana, being the daughter of the Amazon queen hippolyta. But in the man's world", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00629-00527742-00528701": "she takes on the secret identity of Diana prince. Her powers include super strength,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00630-00528701-00529482": "hand to hand combat and flight. She also makes use of her lasso of truth, which forces those", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00631-00529482-00530528": "bound by it to tell the truth, a pair of bullet deflecting bracelets and an invisible plane.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00632-00530528-00532955": "So, on that note, we thank you and Thank you. Then I just like to add a note of where do", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00633-00532955-00533892": "we go from here, and I would like to say look around because the whole world is in our hands.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00634-00533892-00534548": "I think we have time for a few questions. Are there two or three that anybody would", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00635-00534548-00535236": "like to, yes, in the back please? I just wanted to say that wonder woman's bracelets are made", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00636-00535236-00536690": "of Feminum. Thank you. Also let's not forget. Dara Birnbaum of course has done the infamous", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00637-00536690-00537226": "wonder woman which was one of the very first videos that was ever done as video art and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00638-00537226-00537955": "women have not been really recognized for their very early work in videos in medium", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00639-00537955-00538412": "for art. And our next exhibition actually that's going to be coming up here is going", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00640-00538412-00539207": "to be on a woman's video and so will one of Derra, so will wonder woman be available.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00641-00539207-00540715": "Yes, any other? There was another question, yes, Christina. It's not a question. I was", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00642-00540715-00541088": "very inspired by this. Thank you, Christina. So thank you all, I apologize again for those", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00643-00541088-00541872": "who couldn't get seats and I would like to go over one more time, the schedule for coming", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00644-00541872-00542599": "month because March, in addition to being our second anniversary is also a women's history", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00645-00542599-00543328": "month. And next weekend, actually, Faye Wattleton is coming and she is a women's right activist", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00646-00543328-00543711": "and president of the Center for the Advancement of Women and she is going to be talking on", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00647-00543711-00544508": "feminist issues. First Saturday, we have Diane Wolkstein coming and the Young Voices Talk", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00648-00544508-00545134": "for younger women and gallery talk by Nicole Caruth who was the co-curator of Burning Down", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00649-00545134-00545599": "the House which is out now. I hope you've had a chance to see it. We are going to have", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00650-00545599-00546280": "on the 14th, the Feminist Archeology by Ellen Belcher and Diana Craig Patch. And then on", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00651-00546280-00547009": "the 15th, Rusty Kanokogi, I can never say her name correctly. And she is fabulous. She", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00652-00547009-00547553": "is the Mother of Women's Judo. And she will be here to speak about her trailblazing entrance", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00653-00547553-00548199": "at the competitive world of judo. She disguised herself as a man and she actually won an Olympic", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00654-00548199-00548592": "medal which was stripped from her at the point that the Olympic committee discovered that", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00655-00548592-00549216": "she was a woman. But she really opened the doors in the Olympics for women to enter in.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00656-00549216-00549788": "So, I would encourage you to hear her. She is quite marvelous and she hasn't been well", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00657-00549788-00550193": "lately. So the fact that she is coming with the Power Point is part of what's keeping", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00658-00550193-00551030": "her alive at the moment. And it will be really an unusual opportunity to hear from this incredible", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00659-00551030-00551663": "octogenarian trailblazer. And then I hope you will join us for the second anniversary", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00660-00551663-00552297": "which is going to be on March 21st. It's going to be by extension downstairs in the auditorium.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00661-00552297-00553136": "And about a year and a half ago, I put together a think tank that we titled Unfinished Business.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00662-00553136-00553692": "And we are a corporate of women inter-generational and diverse, identifying ways of mobilizing", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00663-00553692-00554280": "external networks and raising public awareness about inter-generational communications and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00664-00554280-00554780": "issues of course of race, class, gender and the effects of current events on women and", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00665-00554780-00555238": "children. And we are calling it a speak out because that is what it is going to be. It's", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00666-00555238-00555653": "a vision for the nation, what is it going to take. It is going to be moderated by a", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00667-00555653-00556321": "very fantastic Laura Flanders who you may know from GRIT TV and Nicole Mason who was", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00668-00556321-00556938": "Women of Color Policy Network, is going to be doing our keynote. Ana Oliveira who is", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00669-00556938-00557688": "New York Women Foundation and Ai-Jen Poo from Domestic Workers United are going to be our", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00670-00557688-00558259": "respondents. Tony Blackman who is from Brooklyn is going to be doing a performance and closing", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00671-00558259-00558878": "remarks by Liz Abzug, daughter of course, of our great Bella Abzug. And those who have", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00672-00558878-00559726": "been involved with Unfinished Business include Liz Abzug, Sharna Goldseker, Sarah Gold, Ms.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00673-00559726-00560440": "Foundation, Mia Harden, Third Wave Foundation, Carol Jenkins, The Women's Media Foundation,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00674-00560440-00561059": "and Monique Meta who is an independent consultant at this point. Benita Miller, she is from", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00675-00561059-00561522": "the Brooklyn's Young Mother's Collective. And, Amy Sananman from here Brooklyn's Groundswell", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00676-00561522-00562151": "Community Mural Project. We will be having a reception here in the center afterwards", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00677-00562151-00562826": "and also be doing a group mural which will be sponsored by Groundswell after that. And", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00678-00562826-00563438": "then we have the following day, A.I.R Kat Griefen and Ferris Olin who many of you are", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00679-00563438-00564091": "surely familiar with, are going to be moderating a panel, The Market: Women Artists from Collection", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00680-00564091-00564790": "to Cultural Records, strategies which would ensure women artists a place in the cultural", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00681-00564790-00565595": "record. Panelists include Debra Harris, Claire Oliver, Sue Scott, and Deepanjana Klein. And", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00682-00565595-00566286": "if you haven't had enough by that time, our month ends on the 28th with a symposium. And", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00683-00566286-00566959": "it is Feminism Now: New Feminist Art Scholarship. And we would be highlighting the work for", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00684-00566959-00567519": "the entire day on Saturday, the 28th, of emerging graduates and post graduate students and scholars", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00685-00567519-00568561": "who will be presenting their groundbreaking research on a wide array obviously of issues.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00686-00568561-00569003": "And it will be moderated by the wonderful Carrie Lovely. So I hope you can join us.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00687-00569003-00569638": "And I want to thank the two of you because this was absolutely fantastic and inspirational.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00688-00569638-00570753": "Really wonderful and thank you very much. It was exciting on so many levels, historic,", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00689-00570753-00571463": "visual. I think it really gives all of us a great deal of enthusiasm to forge ahead", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00690-00571463-00571996": "and I thank all of you for coming and making it such a wonderful presentation as well.", "ih5j1zhma1Q-00691-00571996-00572728": "Thank you very much."}}, {"audio_id": "ihfrR4pp-VU", "text": {"ihfrR4pp-VU-00000-00000000-00003600": "🌟 🇺🇸 Mat Game Fish and Dice Animation — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "ihhX2WsTkyM", "text": {"ihhX2WsTkyM-00000-00000250-00000396": "For the purpose of this week,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00001-00000396-00000850": "we'll essentially be resting in the 1930s,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00002-00000850-00001366": "essentially. It's a week's worth of lecture dealing", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00003-00001366-00001870": "with the Great Depression. In October of 1929,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00004-00001870-00002210": "the stock market crashes, and in a quick cascade of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00005-00002210-00002380": "events, Herbert Hoover, then the President,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00006-00002380-00002666": "finds himself out of office and Franklin Roosevelt is", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00007-00002666-00003000": "elected promising a New Deal,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00008-00003000-00003340": "a New Deal for America. This week's lectures are", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00009-00003340-00003650": "about the Great Depression, Roosevelt's New Deal,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00010-00003650-00004000": "and several critical moments and developments related to", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00011-00004000-00004306": "the African American experience. And I want you", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00012-00004306-00004480": "to--We should all start with a basic understanding of my", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00013-00004480-00004916": "approach to the nineteen--to the 1930s. If the twenties", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00014-00004916-00005260": "can be understood as the decade of the New Negro,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00015-00005260-00005590": "a new sort of social and cultural and political world", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00016-00005590-00006370": "view, the 1930s needs to be understood as a decade of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00017-00006370-00006816": "retrenchment and political advancement. We've seen", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00018-00006816-00007086": "this before, going into the late nineteenth century and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00019-00007086-00007276": "into the turn of the twentieth century. And", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00020-00007276-00007570": "we're just seeing a--a new cycle of people gathering", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00021-00007570-00007906": "themselves up and articulating new visions and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00022-00007906-00008250": "new agendas, or new, new methods to pursue on these", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00023-00008250-00008646": "agendas for the future. As far as retrenchment,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00024-00008646-00008960": "after so many cultural celebrations and giddiness", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00025-00008960-00009100": "of the Jazz Age, as, you know,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00026-00009100-00009410": "the soldiers that have returned,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00027-00009410-00009740": "the economic downturn made a different--not new really,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00028-00009740-00009930": "but a different set of priorities come to the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00029-00009930-00010430": "surface. The economy's in tatters and African", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00030-00010430-00010780": "Americans are the hardest hit. And as far as", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00031-00010780-00010996": "political advancement is concerned,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00032-00010996-00011306": "along with the retrenchment comes a range of political", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00033-00011306-00011780": "responses to these setbacks that demonstrate an", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00034-00011780-00012270": "independence of spirit among African Americans as far as", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00035-00012270-00012900": "political possibilities. Now this retrenchment and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00036-00012900-00013196": "political advancement, I don't want to make too much", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00037-00013196-00013350": "of a big deal. One can identify these themes in any", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00038-00013350-00013640": "particular decade or moment in time of course.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00039-00013640-00013810": "But there is--there's something very special I", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00040-00013810-00014200": "think about the 1930s as far as these aspects are", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00041-00014200-00014669": "concerned. The 1930s forms the backdrop for the modern", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00042-00014669-00015000": "civil rights movement, that movement that is popularly", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00043-00015000-00015240": "thought of as occurring from Brown v.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00044-00015240-00015676": "Board's decision in 1954 up until King's assassination.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00045-00015676-00015990": "As you'll come to understand very quickly,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00046-00015990-00016526": "that notion, boundedness of the civil rights movement,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00047-00016526-00016820": "is really sort of discarded by historians at this", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00048-00016820-00017090": "point. And many historians are talking about a long", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00049-00017090-00017370": "civil rights movement, a movement that predates the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00050-00017370-00017996": "Supreme Court decision and goes back a decade or more.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00051-00017996-00018360": "I'll talk more about this in a--in a week or so,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00052-00018360-00018776": "this phenomenon of the long civil rights movement. But", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00053-00018776-00019020": "regardless of where one decides to sort of start the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00054-00019020-00019170": "civil rights movement, you need to understand the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00055-00019170-00019410": "thirties is clearly the seedbed,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00056-00019410-00019706": "the moment where a whole new range of political", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00057-00019706-00019960": "strategies are going to be articulated,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00058-00019960-00020370": "and these grow out of this moment of retrenchment,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00059-00020370-00020790": "trying to gathers--gather oneself together in light of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00060-00020790-00021310": "economic despair. Now I want to cover the story of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00061-00021310-00021410": "the 1930s. I mean for any era,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00062-00021410-00021790": "there's too many different stories one could tell,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00063-00021790-00022010": "but I want to explore the themes of retrenchment and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00064-00022010-00022400": "political advancement in the 1930s via a number of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00065-00022400-00022730": "stories. And this covers this lecture and Wednesday's", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00066-00022730-00023140": "lecture. I'll be talking about the Black Cabinet,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00067-00023140-00023650": "the Scottsboro Boys, the New Negro Alliance,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00068-00023650-00024000": "the National Negro Congress, Marian Anderson and the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00069-00024000-00024720": "March on Washington movement. This is a series", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00070-00024720-00025150": "of different--different kinds of events that really", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00071-00025150-00025380": "marked, marked us right through the 1930s with the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00072-00025380-00025676": "March on Washington movement taking shape in 1941.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00073-00025996-00026260": "Throughout this whole era, or this era--the umbrella", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00074-00026260-00026400": "covering this era, is the New Deal,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00075-00026400-00026750": "and that's what I want to start off with very quickly,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00076-00026750-00026989": "so we have just a--sort of a shared understanding of what", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00077-00026989-00027520": "the New Deal is doing and why it's important. So the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00078-00027520-00027746": "stock market crashes in October,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00079-00027746-00028220": "'29. The country's economically destabilized,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00080-00028220-00028446": "millions are thrown out of work. Black and white", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00081-00028446-00028739": "unemployment skyrocketed, but blacks are particularly", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00082-00028739-00029260": "hard hit. Job shortages and old-fashioned racism combine", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00083-00029260-00029570": "in such a way that a familiar--familiar rallying", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00084-00029570-00029980": "cry would be hear--heard at job lines and such when a", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00085-00029980-00030230": "black person showed up. And I'm quoting,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00086-00030230-00030539": "\"No jobs for niggers until every white man has a job.\"", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00087-00030539-00030970": "A time of economic stress, good,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00088-00030970-00031226": "old-fashioned racism makes itself known loud and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00089-00031226-00031680": "clear. Even in such major cities like Atlanta,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00090-00031680-00032046": "some sixty-five percent of, of employable blacks needed", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00091-00032046-00032410": "public assistance. This is economic devastation.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00092-00032410-00032639": "Hoover believed in volunteerism and thought the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00093-00032639-00032876": "economy would turn itself around without government", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00094-00032876-00033130": "intervention. But by the time he realized the scope", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00095-00033130-00033420": "of the problem, he found himself losing the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00096-00033420-00033600": "presidential election. FDR's elected,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00097-00033600-00033960": "promises a New Deal. Now the New Deal's a massive", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00098-00033960-00034356": "federal experiment in big government. It was an", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00099-00034356-00034610": "alphabet soup, as, as historians refer to it,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00100-00034610-00034770": "an alphabet soup of agencies,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00101-00034770-00035010": "each representing different forms of federal", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00102-00035010-00035230": "intervention. And I'm putting a--sev--a whole", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00103-00035230-00035436": "bunch of them, not all of them,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00104-00035436-00035840": "up on the board here, and I'm going to very quickly go", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00105-00035840-00036086": "through them to help you understand the scope of the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00106-00036086-00036550": "change. You have the FSA, or the Farm Security", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00107-00036550-00036760": "Administration, and the Agricultural", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00108-00036760-00037040": "Adjustment--Adjustment Administration,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00109-00037040-00037290": "two that are organizations that are very important to", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00110-00037290-00037530": "African Americans, aside from being important to all", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00111-00037530-00037840": "Americans, because African Americans are still", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00112-00037840-00038030": "predominantly--although it's shifting--still", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00113-00038030-00038446": "predominantly an agricultural population.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00114-00038446-00038616": "They had the National Recovery Act,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00115-00038616-00039066": "the NRA--that and I'll get into a little more about the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00116-00039066-00039310": "NRA, it's very important, in a few minutes--that among", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00117-00039310-00039536": "other things establishes the minimum wage,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00118-00039536-00039776": "or establishes minimum wages is the better way to put", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00119-00039776-00040286": "it. And there's a very curious relationship with", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00120-00040286-00040496": "African American--African Americans and the jobs that", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00121-00040496-00040976": "they hold. The Tennessee Valley Authority and the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00122-00040976-00041466": "Rural--Rural Electric--Electrification", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00123-00041466-00041650": "Administration, these are up here really to point out", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00124-00041650-00041870": "what kind of radical change the New Deal is really all", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00125-00041870-00042196": "about. This is an era when they're actually bringing", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00126-00042196-00042466": "electricity for the first time to large parts of the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00127-00042466-00043140": "country through, through the TVA and hydroelectricity and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00128-00043140-00043516": "rural electrification. It's a radical reordering of how", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00129-00043516-00043860": "the country's going to work. National Youth", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00130-00043860-00044200": "Administration, NYA, which as we'll see,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00131-00044200-00044456": "I'll talk briefly about it later on,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00132-00044456-00044776": "is one of these many administrations that has a", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00133-00044776-00045170": "Negro division, and the Negro division becomes", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00134-00045170-00045410": "important. I mean I'll, I'll--You can bookmark it", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00135-00045410-00045720": "for the moment. Civilian Conservation Corps,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00136-00045720-00046200": "the CCC, literally putting mostly men to work by", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00137-00046200-00046490": "digging ditches, planting trees,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00138-00046490-00046830": "giving them some sort of job to do so they can get some", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00139-00046830-00047090": "wage from the federal government,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00140-00047090-00047416": "so they can feed themselves. Public Works", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00141-00047416-00047646": "Administration, the Works Progress Administration,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00142-00047646-00048210": "the PWA turns into the WPA, doing work on public", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00143-00048210-00048696": "projects. Social Security is established,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00144-00048696-00049016": "the Securities and Exchange Commission is established,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00145-00049016-00049290": "the FDIC, the Federal Emergency Relief", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00146-00049290-00049656": "Administration. All of these are brand new during", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00147-00049656-00049920": "this era. So what we consider the essential work", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00148-00049920-00050170": "of the federal government is,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00149-00050170-00050460": "in our contemporary moment is essentially created", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00150-00050460-00051110": "during the New Deal. All is a radical attempt to end the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00151-00051110-00051500": "Great Depression. And we have been wrestling,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00152-00051500-00051729": "we, political leaders, activists,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00153-00051729-00051979": "have been wrestling with the legacy of the New Deal ever", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00154-00051979-00052370": "since. Now the point of listing all of these", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00155-00052370-00052779": "agencies up here is not just that many of these had a", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00156-00052779-00053140": "direct effect on African American employment and,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00157-00053140-00053340": "as you'll see, political possibility,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00158-00053550-00053879": "but it also will bring into--I'm sort of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00159-00053879-00054210": "for--projecting here a bit--it will underscore", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00160-00054510-00054836": "changes--how can I...not changes--articulations,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00161-00054836-00055160": "new articulations of changes in terms of the limits of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00162-00055160-00055400": "the federal government. We'll see during our lecture", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00163-00055400-00055529": "of the civil rights movement,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00164-00055529-00055820": "there's a core issue and that's the fed--limits of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00165-00055820-00056070": "federal government versus states' government. With", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00166-00056070-00056260": "the explosion in the size of the federal government,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00167-00056260-00056486": "you can see this problem looming ever larger on the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00168-00056486-00057050": "horizon. Now very basic questions,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00169-00057050-00057200": "was the New Deal successful? It's all an", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00170-00057200-00057510": "experiment. And economically,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00171-00057510-00057890": "the answer is mixed. Yes, there is no doubt,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00172-00057890-00058040": "it saved millions from starvation,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00173-00058040-00058256": "I mean, literally saving folks from starving to", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00174-00058256-00058706": "death. But the economy doesn't actually turn around", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00175-00058706-00058806": "until the U.S.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00176-00058806-00059079": "begins arming Europe as it heads toward Second World", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00177-00059079-00059290": "War. When the U.S.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00178-00059290-00059629": "becomes a military factory and then itself becomes", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00179-00059629-00059770": "involved in the Second World War,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00180-00059770-00060070": "that's when the economy turns--absolutely booms and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00181-00060070-00060360": "it turns around at that point. So economically it", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00182-00060360-00060610": "saves people from starving but it doesn't turn the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00183-00060610-00060810": "economy around. Politically,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00184-00060810-00061260": "it's much more complicated. From an institutional", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00185-00061260-00061586": "standpoint, there's no doubt that the New Deal's", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00186-00061586-00061840": "significant. Whether it's successful I guess might be", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00187-00061840-00062179": "an interesting word to wrest with here because,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00188-00062179-00062390": "as I said before, it makes the modern American", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00189-00062390-00062729": "political state. It does it in the space of just a few", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00190-00062729-00063120": "years. Now from the standpoint of the African", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00191-00063120-00063379": "American experience, was the New Deal successful in terms", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00192-00063379-00063829": "of politics here? There's a real mixed record.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00193-00063829-00064246": "On the ground, too many federal programs were left", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00194-00064246-00064560": "to local administrators to run.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00195-00064560-00064790": "So you have--and this is where something like the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00196-00064790-00064920": "Farm Security Administration,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00197-00064920-00065129": "Agricultural Administration--Adjustment", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00198-00065129-00065400": "Administration, are really important. Federal policy", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00199-00065400-00065540": "is saying you're not going to discriminate.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00200-00065540-00065816": "Everybody's going to get a sh--a cut of this New Deal.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00201-00066076-00066470": "But the bailouts are handed out at the local level,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00202-00066470-00066660": "at the local Farm Bureau, let's say,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00203-00066660-00067000": "and localized racial practices simply just don't", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00204-00067000-00067440": "disappear. So you have growing out of the New Deal,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00205-00067440-00067860": "or during the New Deal, American farms being saved,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00206-00067860-00068160": "but the farms that are being saved overwhelmingly are", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00207-00068160-00068820": "those that are white-owned and not black-owned. So", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00208-00068820-00068996": "when you think of the New Deal from the standpoint of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00209-00068996-00069130": "did it benefit African Americans,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00210-00069130-00069386": "you can look at federal--at, at the sort of national", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00211-00069386-00069880": "policy and see something, non-discrimination pacts,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00212-00069880-00070040": "but local level's where it really matters,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00213-00070040-00070820": "you see a very different story there. Now just as", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00214-00070820-00071120": "some of these--many of these New Deal programs were doing", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00215-00071120-00071386": "something important by being non-discriminatory in their", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00216-00071386-00071860": "language, and then therefore at the local level being", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00217-00071860-00072140": "more complicated, they weren't all perfect at the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00218-00072140-00072360": "federal level of articulation. And this is", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00219-00072360-00072670": "where the NRA, the National Recovery Administration,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00220-00072670-00073000": "really needs to be understood. As I said", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00221-00073000-00073346": "before, the NRA designed a set of minimum wages,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00222-00073346-00073740": "basically wage standards, across the country. So,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00223-00073740-00074200": "for instance, if you are rolling steel,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00224-00074200-00074740": "you're going to get paid a certain minimum wage. If", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00225-00074740-00075066": "you are--boy, of the billion and a half jobs,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00226-00075066-00075330": "I can't think of anything right now. If", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00227-00075330-00075930": "you're--[laughs] God, pick a job--you are doing some", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00228-00076166-00076396": "other mechanized thing, how's that for a complete", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00229-00076396-00076640": "bailout? You're going to get paid a certain set", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00230-00076640-00076870": "wage. Now the reason I was flailing here,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00231-00076870-00077180": "because there are certain areas the NRA doesn't", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00232-00077180-00077420": "address the minimum wage, and I kept wanting to say", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00233-00077420-00077830": "those things; That's why I was fumbling. It does not", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00234-00077830-00078116": "establish minimum wages for people in agricultural", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00235-00078116-00078446": "sector. It does not set minimum wages for people", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00236-00078446-00078966": "doing domestic work. Guess what African Americans are", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00237-00078966-00079270": "mostly employed in: agricultural work and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00238-00079270-00079860": "domestic work. Now there are all kinds of reasons", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00239-00079860-00080510": "that people who conceived the NRA had for not putting", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00240-00080510-00080810": "floors at, at certain wages for certain industries,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00241-00080810-00081080": "agriculture and domestic work in this case. They", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00242-00081080-00081200": "weren't explicitly about, \"Oh,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00243-00081200-00081470": "let's stick it to these people.\" But the fact was,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00244-00081470-00081836": "the effect was, they were sticking it to these people,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00245-00081836-00082156": "to farmers in general and to people doing domestic work.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00246-00082410-00082826": "The NRA then becomes a symbol for how little the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00247-00082826-00083360": "New Deal was doing for black America. Long term effects,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00248-00083360-00083530": "there's no doubt, very important,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00249-00083530-00083786": "and we'll see that in the next couple of weeks,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00250-00083786-00084190": "from the concept of what the federal government is. From", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00251-00084190-00084366": "an institutional standpoint, there's no doubt,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00252-00084366-00084470": "it's important, it's critical,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00253-00084470-00084730": "it's saving lives. When it comes to black life on the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00254-00084730-00084830": "ground, a mixed bag.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00255-00084830-00085240": "When it comes to NRA, which had really more power than", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00256-00085240-00085570": "any other of these administrations to change", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00257-00085570-00086080": "the quality of black life, to sort of bolster it up,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00258-00086080-00086460": "no dice. So African Americans start calling the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00259-00086460-00086600": "National Recovery Administration,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00260-00086600-00087006": "the letters NRA, referred to as Negro Rights Abused,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00261-00087006-00087390": "Negro Rights Assassinated, Negro Removal Act,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00262-00087390-00088166": "Negroes Ruined Again. Now we're talking bread and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00263-00088166-00088450": "butter issues here. But politics of course exist at", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00264-00088450-00088910": "the symbolic level, and when it comes to African", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00265-00088910-00089410": "Americans, there is no doubt that symbolically,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00266-00089410-00089940": "the New Deal was an overwhelming success. The", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00267-00089940-00090266": "political symbolism of the New Deal for blacks came", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00268-00090266-00090690": "mostly through the establishment of a group", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00269-00090690-00091020": "called the Federal Council on Negro Affairs,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00270-00091020-00091530": "the Black Cabinet. They're the same thing. The Black", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00271-00091530-00091800": "Cabinet was an unofficial--it's important", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00272-00091800-00092066": "to understand that part--an unofficial collection of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00273-00092066-00092650": "race advisors, and that was their title,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00274-00092650-00092806": "who stood in various places in Roosevelt's", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00275-00092806-00093006": "administration.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00276-00093280-00093836": "This was the first broad-based group of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00277-00093836-00094046": "federally appointed bureaucrats and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00278-00094046-00094256": "administrators who were African American,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00279-00094256-00094510": "at the federal government--in the federal", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00280-00094510-00094670": "government's history. Prior to this moment,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00281-00094670-00094896": "you might have Frederick Douglass appointed to", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00282-00094896-00095066": "federal position, Booker T.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00283-00095066-00095280": "Washington being consulted by the President about", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00284-00095280-00095700": "certain kinds of ideas and policies. But in the New", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00285-00095700-00096076": "Deal, you're actually getting a,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00286-00096076-00096676": "a cadre of African Americans with federal appointments,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00287-00096890-00097126": "working within the administration on a", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00288-00097126-00097660": "full-time basis. The members of the Black Cabinet", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00289-00097660-00098116": "were all highly-educated and all male,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00290-00098116-00098396": "with the lone exception of Mary McLeod Bethune,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00291-00098396-00098996": "who was the one, well, one female. Seems my,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00292-00098996-00099470": "there we go. Mary McLeod Bethune. And the spelling", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00293-00099470-00099620": "is correct and the pronunciation's correct,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00294-00099620-00100160": "it's \"McCloud.\" Mary McLeod Bethune,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00295-00100160-00100486": "the sole female in the Black Cabinet,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00296-00100486-00100760": "who also happened to be regarded as the cabinet's", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00297-00100760-00101136": "leader. Now the Cabinet, the Black Cabinet,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00298-00101136-00101670": "leaves no discernible policy record or legacy. Their", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00299-00101670-00101950": "job, the job, the things they did were mainly", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00300-00101950-00102106": "accomplished behind the scenes.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00301-00102106-00102300": "And, in fact, I, I know this,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00302-00102300-00102500": "this--I planned to write my dissertation on the Black", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00303-00102500-00102770": "Cabinet, only to discover, once I got here,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00304-00102770-00103470": "there was no record. So, new dissertation topic.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00305-00103470-00103759": "Their job was mainly conducted behind the scenes,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00306-00103759-00104040": "so you'd have a Secretary of the Interior,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00307-00104040-00104490": "or a Secretary of Agriculture,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00308-00104490-00104740": "wanting to, you know, find out what's going on with", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00309-00104740-00104856": "black America.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00310-00104856-00105026": "They have a race advisor, and they would assign", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00311-00105026-00105220": "him--overwhelmingly him, of course,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00312-00105220-00105556": "except for Mary McLeod Bethune--the task of finding", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00313-00105556-00105846": "out, or being the, the touchstone to,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00314-00105846-00106040": "to understand what's happening in black America.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00315-00106040-00106306": "And there might be an issue bubbling up,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00316-00106306-00106550": "say in the National Parks or some other place,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00317-00106550-00106746": "that the race advisor might know about,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00318-00106746-00107126": "and would put sort of a bug in his boss's ear,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00319-00107126-00107406": "and it might gently change administration policy,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00320-00107406-00107740": "or maybe even law that way. But we don't actually know", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00321-00107740-00108259": "the literal changes they made. But we do know that", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00322-00108259-00109020": "they were very important symbolically. And the most", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00323-00109020-00109196": "important person symbolically in this regard", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00324-00109196-00109459": "is Mary McLeod Bethune. Bethune,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00325-00109459-00109730": "who's the head of the Negro Youth Division of the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00326-00109730-00109930": "National Youth Administration,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00327-00110220-00110559": "an educator, lifelong educator,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00328-00110559-00110909": "and then, most importantly, a close friend of the first", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00329-00110909-00111276": "lady, Eleanor Roosevelt. Bethune is seen,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00330-00111276-00111850": "seen to be the voice of black America in so many", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00331-00111850-00112209": "ways, in this, in this, in the,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00332-00112209-00112559": "the Black Cabinet, that is, because she had access. And", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00333-00112559-00112909": "there was--it was op--it was not a secret. It was well", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00334-00112909-00113230": "known that if you wanted to talk to Franklin Roosevelt", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00335-00113230-00113450": "and you're African American, you had to go through", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00336-00113450-00113770": "Eleanor Roosevelt, and if you wanted to talk to", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00337-00113770-00113870": "Eleanor Roosevelt, you had to go through Mary McLeod", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00338-00113870-00114656": "Bethune to get access. So the Black Cabinet needs to", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00339-00114656-00115200": "be understood as the first political insiders in black", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00340-00115200-00115800": "America, and I'm talking high politics here. This is", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00341-00116470-00116790": "an era where the Black Cabinet officers would be", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00342-00116790-00117059": "trotted out. Pictures of them,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00343-00117059-00117250": "or sometimes themselves literally,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00344-00117250-00117686": "trotted out, sent on sort of as part of a delegation to a", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00345-00117686-00118059": "particular area of town, the country,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00346-00118059-00118230": "representing the federal government to a black", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00347-00118230-00118590": "enclave. And they were seen as embodying the fact that", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00348-00118590-00118876": "Roosevelt cared. Whether you're talking Mary McLeod", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00349-00118876-00119150": "Bethune or somebody else, Roosevelt cared because he", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00350-00119150-00119440": "had people appointed to express or deal with,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00351-00119440-00119726": "address their concerns. This is how they're", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00352-00119726-00119990": "symbolically so important, and it's also important to", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00353-00119990-00120140": "know that over the course of the 1930s,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00354-00120140-00120550": "during FDR's presidency, through the interventions of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00355-00120550-00120790": "the New Deal, sometimes literally,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00356-00120790-00121136": "most often symbolically, African Americans turn from", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00357-00121136-00121416": "a Republican voting population to a", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00358-00121416-00121666": "Democrat--Democratic voting population. A complete", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00359-00121666-00122280": "shift by the time you get to the late 1930s. The Black", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00360-00122280-00122816": "Cabinet's important in that process. Now just as you're", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00361-00122816-00123270": "seeing the establishment of the first sort of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00362-00123270-00123600": "professional administrators, bureaucrats,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00363-00123600-00123830": "African American, in the federal government,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00364-00123830-00124240": "certainly at high level, there is--this is also an", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00365-00124240-00124756": "era of incredible political setback and disappointment.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00366-00124756-00124940": "So you see the great political possibility of the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00367-00124940-00125280": "Black Cabinet, but you also see events happening in the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00368-00125280-00125540": "early 1930s that horrify black America. The most", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00369-00125540-00125780": "famous of these cases was the Scottsboro Boys", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00370-00125780-00126340": "scandal. On March 25th, 1931,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00371-00126340-00126820": "a white boy comes off of a train,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00372-00126820-00127026": "passing through Tennessee and the northern tips of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00373-00127026-00127426": "Alabama. He comes off the train with a bloody head and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00374-00127426-00127620": "claims that there was a big fight between black and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00375-00127620-00127816": "white boys on his freight train that just passed", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00376-00127816-00128296": "through town. A posse forms. The train is stopped", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00377-00128296-00128870": "at the next station. The posse looks for and arrests", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00378-00128870-00129046": "the nine black boys who happen to be on the freight", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00379-00129046-00129530": "train. Now what the posse had not expected--and that", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00380-00129530-00129630": "would have been the end of the story,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00381-00129630-00129830": "if that was all that had happened. What the posse", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00382-00129830-00130166": "had not expected to find were two white women,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00383-00130166-00130440": "Ruby Bates and Victoria Price. And they were found", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00384-00130440-00130909": "in the same freight car as some of the black boys. As", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00385-00130909-00131160": "soon as Ruby Bates and Victoria Price are brought", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00386-00131160-00131370": "out, they see all of the police and the posse around", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00387-00131370-00131650": "them, and they're with these black boys,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00388-00131870-00132310": "they immediately size up the situation and declare", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00389-00132310-00133010": "they've been raped. This changes everything. The", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00390-00133010-00133450": "nine boys are accused of rape,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00391-00133450-00133620": "become known as the Scottsboro Boys. That's", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00392-00133620-00133800": "where the, the court cases were being held,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00393-00133800-00134190": "in Scottsboro, Alabama. They range in age from", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00394-00134190-00134970": "twenty to thirteen. There were one or two brother", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00395-00134970-00135190": "pairs, but they didn't know each other,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00396-00135190-00135510": "essentially. They all happened to be there. But", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00397-00135510-00135830": "word of the rape spreads like wildfire,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00398-00135830-00136116": "and the next day, a mob of two thousand people forms at", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00399-00136116-00136506": "the jail where they'd been kept,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00400-00136506-00136840": "urging the release of the Boys so that,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00401-00136840-00137176": "quote, \"southern justice\" could be handed out. The", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00402-00137176-00137520": "National Guard is called in immediately to keep them", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00403-00137520-00138050": "safe, which is remarkable in and of itself. The media", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00404-00138050-00138380": "does not help matters when it,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00405-00138380-00138650": "when it comes to this particular case and the fact", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00406-00138650-00139110": "that, you know, the word of this vicious attack starts", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00407-00139110-00139646": "to spread. As they start the process of sending the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00408-00139646-00140320": "Boys to trial, the media, several quotes from", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00409-00140320-00140700": "different newspapers: \"How much farther apart than", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00410-00140700-00140980": "night and day are the nine men who perpetrated these", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00411-00140980-00141160": "frightful deeds and a normal,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00412-00141160-00141510": "kind hearted man who guards his little family and toils", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00413-00141510-00141610": "through the day?\"", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00414-00141610-00142060": "Okay, not too offensive.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00415-00142060-00142250": "\"We still have savages abroad in the land,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00416-00142250-00142526": "it seems. Let us have the solace of knowing that at", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00417-00142526-00142876": "least we have risen above this justice of savages.\"", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00418-00142876-00142996": "A reference to the fact that,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00419-00142996-00143390": "that the mob that wanted to kill the Scottsboro Boys did", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00420-00143390-00143710": "not succeed. So with an editorial,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00421-00143710-00143970": "giving a collective pat on the back to folks who did", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00422-00143970-00144320": "not resort to the same kind of savagery those boys did.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00423-00144320-00144690": "But then you'd have editorials like this: \"The", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00424-00144690-00144960": "rape was the most atrocious ever recorded in this part", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00425-00144960-00145310": "of the country, a wholesale debauching of society,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00426-00145310-00145550": "so horrible in its details that all of the facts can", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00427-00145550-00145870": "never be printed. It savors of the jungle and the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00428-00145870-00146196": "meanest African corruption.\"", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00429-00146196-00146650": "This is pre-trial media. Not very helpful for a", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00430-00146650-00147070": "defense case. At seven A.M.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00431-00147070-00147450": "on the day of the first trial,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00432-00147450-00147750": "thousands are lined up, trying to get a seat", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00433-00147750-00148150": "inside. And you--it's hard--you can't really tell", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00434-00148150-00148616": "from this image, but as the, the group goes this way,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00435-00148616-00148916": "you can see it where the electric lines are cutting", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00436-00148916-00149130": "across, the line goes beyond the screen,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00437-00149130-00149396": "beyond the, the actual image. Thousands are lined", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00438-00149396-00149926": "up hoping to get into the courthouse to see justice be", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00439-00149926-00150280": "enacted. Well, the boys had no money,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00440-00150280-00150686": "they're dirt poor. They have a defense attorney", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00441-00150686-00151000": "assigned to them who's completely incompetent.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00442-00151000-00151210": "They face an all-white jury. This is Alabama", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00443-00151210-00151520": "practice. No blacks are allowed in the jury rolls.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00444-00151520-00151886": "And, within two weeks, the boys are indicted,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00445-00151886-00152550": "tried, and all but one are sentenced to death. The", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00446-00152550-00152896": "nature of the defense, the speed of the trial,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00447-00152896-00153200": "the fact that it was not a jury of their peers,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00448-00153200-00153830": "angered African Americans and other parties. One", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00449-00153830-00154010": "party got--was moved to act very quickly,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00450-00154010-00154156": "and that's a group called the International Labor", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00451-00154156-00154520": "Defense, the ILD. The ILD is the legal arm of the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00452-00154520-00155096": "Communist Party, and the ILD comes to the Scottsboro", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00453-00155096-00155300": "Boys'--Boys' rescue immediately,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00454-00155520-00155760": "claiming they were given an inadequate defense,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00455-00155760-00155966": "and all these different things already cited. \"This", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00456-00155966-00156460": "was not justice; you need to have a retrial.\" Now the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00457-00156460-00156736": "Communist Party in the USA has been around since 1919", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00458-00156736-00157050": "or so. It's been reaching out in sort of tentative", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00459-00157050-00157210": "ways to African Americans, with,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00460-00157210-00157520": "with, you know, middling success really,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00461-00157520-00158020": "increasing but middling. The NAACP's been around a", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00462-00158020-00158310": "solid decade longer, so one would presume they're right", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00463-00158310-00158556": "there rushing to defend them. Well,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00464-00158556-00158990": "the fact is, no. The NAACP holds back. It holds back", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00465-00158990-00159396": "for a very important reason. It did not want to", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00466-00159396-00159776": "tar its own image by defending possible rapists", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00467-00159776-00160130": "and individuals who clearly did not adhere to the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00468-00160130-00160420": "NAACP's middle class ideals. This is really", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00469-00160420-00160740": "important to think about--to understand about the NAACP.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00470-00160740-00160996": "It was from its very founding a middle class", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00471-00160996-00161460": "organization, dedicated to uplift in legalistic and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00472-00161460-00161920": "political ways, assimilationist in its", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00473-00161920-00162180": "ideology, assimilating to white norms,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00474-00162180-00162490": "white--so-called white middle class norms. The", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00475-00162490-00162666": "Scottsboro Boys did not fit that model,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00476-00162666-00163236": "and the NAACP was afraid of defending them for fear of a", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00477-00163236-00163520": "negative association. The Communist Party sees this as", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00478-00163520-00163836": "an, an incredible opportunity,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00479-00163836-00164106": "as a way to organize African Americans to become more", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00480-00164106-00164600": "sympathetic to the Communist Party. The Communist Party", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00481-00164600-00164800": "claimed that defending the Scottsboro Boys was", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00482-00164800-00165030": "tantamount to fighting Southern racism and economic", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00483-00165030-00165470": "repression. So the Communists did not have", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00484-00165470-00165660": "super success with African Americans,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00485-00165660-00165760": "because they were saying it's all just about", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00486-00165760-00165860": "economics. And African Americans are saying,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00487-00165860-00166040": "\"Well, race kind of matters too in this country.\" The", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00488-00166040-00166440": "Scottsboro Boys was the, was the window of opportunity", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00489-00166440-00166770": "for the Communist Party to broaden the scope of what", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00490-00166770-00166960": "it's going to talk about as it relates to the African", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00491-00166960-00167456": "American experience. This transpires and the NAACP's", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00492-00167456-00167790": "livid. It wants to be the organization really", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00493-00167790-00168046": "dedicated to addressing black concerns,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00494-00168046-00168530": "and it's very concerned that the Communist Party is", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00495-00168530-00168930": "involved, because the radicalism of the Communist", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00496-00168930-00169160": "Party was, was the, was about the last thing that's", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00497-00169160-00169446": "going to be welcomed in a politically and socially", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00498-00169446-00169910": "conservative South. So the NAACP doesn't want to get", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00499-00169910-00170320": "involved because it--it would be tarnished by these", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00500-00170320-00170640": "Boys' activities, but they also recognized that with", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00501-00170640-00170770": "the Communist Party getting involved,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00502-00170770-00171050": "it might be a death, a death sentence for these Boys,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00503-00171050-00171650": "because no one wants to hear from the Communists. And", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00504-00171650-00171870": "certainly as the Communists saw this as a way to open up", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00505-00171870-00172300": "a discussion about Southern racism,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00506-00172300-00172630": "NAACP thought that, you know,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00507-00172630-00172880": "\"You're, you're pulling too many things together here,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00508-00172880-00173216": "and trying to--basically you're trying to develop", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00509-00173216-00173330": "racial insubordination in the South. This is not the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00510-00173330-00173830": "way to go.\" The Scottsboro Boys' case because--becomes", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00511-00173830-00174170": "the cause célèbre of the 1930s. All of the issues", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00512-00174170-00174360": "we've talked about in this course so far are wrapped up", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00513-00174360-00174686": "in this history: manliness, civilization,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00514-00174686-00174930": "culture, race, class, power, politics,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00515-00174930-00175416": "and protest, they're all here. The NAACP wanted more", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00516-00175416-00175780": "than anything else for a fair trial,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00517-00176166-00176330": "and began to think, \"Well, maybe we should get", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00518-00176330-00176616": "involved, because we might be able to win long-term", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00519-00176616-00177070": "advantage for African Americans by changing the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00520-00177070-00177270": "way that trials are organized in the South,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00521-00177530-00177930": "since there were no blacks on the jury rolls;", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00522-00177930-00178320": "that might help further legal challenges and other", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00523-00178320-00178546": "movement opportunities down the--down the road.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00524-00178546-00178960": "And the NAACP, you know on a quick side story,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00525-00178960-00179070": "it knows the South very well,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00526-00179070-00179190": "far better than the Communists did,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00527-00179190-00179576": "who were mostly northern and urban at this point. And", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00528-00179576-00180006": "they reach out, the NAACP reaches out quietly to try", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00529-00180006-00180390": "to find lawyers for the Scottsboro Boys who are", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00530-00180390-00180800": "competent. And they talked to George--Congressman", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00531-00180800-00181160": "George Huddleston, someone Alabamans considered a fiery", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00532-00181160-00181496": "left-winger. But being liberal on white issues in", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00533-00181496-00181690": "the South did not necessarily translate into", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00534-00181690-00181910": "being a liberal on, quote, \"black issues\" here.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00535-00181910-00182260": "Huddleston's response to the quiet overture from the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00536-00182260-00182566": "NAACP to support the Scottsboro Boys' defense,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00537-00182566-00182920": "and I quote here, \"I do not care whether they are", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00538-00182920-00183200": "innocent or guilty. You can't understand how we", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00539-00183200-00183430": "Southern gentlemen feel about this--this question of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00540-00183430-00183716": "relationship between Negro men and white women.\"", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00541-00183716-00184300": "Simply put, the fact that the Boys were on the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00542-00184300-00184570": "freight--the same train as the two white girls was", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00543-00184570-00184670": "enough for Huddleston.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00544-00184670-00185120": "He couldn't touch it; it's toxic. So the very basic", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00545-00185120-00185270": "chronology of the case is as follows.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00546-00185270-00185580": "In 1931, the Boys were arrested and convicted. In", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00547-00185580-00185960": "1932, the Supreme Court overturns their convictions,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00548-00185960-00186236": "saying the Boys lacked adequate counsel. The fact", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00549-00186236-00186390": "that they're still alive is really nothing short of a", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00550-00186390-00186670": "miracle, to be honest, and this is through the ILD's", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00551-00186670-00187090": "efforts. In 1930--in February 1933,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00552-00187090-00187300": "Ruby Bates, one of the two women who was found on the,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00553-00187300-00187630": "the train, writes a letter declaring that the boys", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00554-00187630-00188036": "never touched her, that's it's all made up to protect", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00555-00188036-00188636": "their honor. A month later, a new trial begins and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00556-00189010-00189300": "Samuel Leibowitz, an ILD attorney from New York,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00557-00189700-00189930": "offers new evidence, but is considered to have been too", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00558-00189930-00190126": "tough on Victoria Price, the,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00559-00190126-00190230": "the hold out.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00560-00190230-00190580": "And to her, to her death, she claimed that this", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00561-00190580-00191040": "was--that she had been raped. Samuel Leibowitz", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00562-00191040-00191260": "presents new evidence, but was considered too tough on", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00563-00191260-00191526": "Victoria Price, thus violating Southern codes of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00564-00191526-00191786": "honor. After one day of deliberation,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00565-00191786-00192030": "Haywood Patterson, one of the Scottsboro Boys,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00566-00192030-00192336": "is found guilty. The prosecutor is saying openly,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00567-00192336-00192646": "\"Show them that Alabama justice cannot be bought and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00568-00192646-00192986": "sold with Jew money from New York.\" This is the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00569-00192986-00193370": "atmosphere of this case. NAACP blames the I--the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00570-00193370-00193850": "Communist Party and the ILD for this conviction and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00571-00193850-00194036": "that--and at that point realizes,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00572-00194036-00194260": "or decides, they have to get involved if they're going", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00573-00194260-00194406": "to--if there's going to be any hope of saving the rest", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00574-00194406-00194976": "of the boys. By 1935, the ILD and NAACP are formed", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00575-00194976-00195440": "together in a coalition to defend the Boys. The", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00576-00195440-00195810": "Communist Party's actions through all of this gave it", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00577-00195810-00196100": "a new base of intellectual and political support,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00578-00196100-00196600": "within Harlem certainly, and black America in general.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00579-00196600-00196896": "The Scottsboro Boys' mothers go on a world tour,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00580-00196896-00197156": "supported by the Communist Party,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00581-00197156-00197370": "to rally support for their sons,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00582-00197370-00197590": "but also for workers' plights,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00583-00197590-00197960": "for workers' plights around the world. And this is", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00584-00197960-00198396": "really--this point is important. The Communist", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00585-00198396-00198700": "Party makes major inroads in Harlem in particular,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00586-00198700-00198880": "and you can see here in this image,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00587-00198880-00199430": "this is a Scottsboro Boys rally. And above my hand", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00588-00199430-00199870": "here there's a big sign, a big poster,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00589-00199870-00200040": "and the words you can make out there is talking about", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00590-00200040-00200296": "workers, and below it, Scottsboro Boys. The", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00591-00200296-00200440": "Scottsboro Boys themselves were,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00592-00200440-00200620": "were vagabonds, hobos riding the rails,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00593-00200620-00200826": "not uncommon during this period in time. The", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00594-00200826-00201140": "Communist Party gets involved and as a way to", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00595-00201140-00201346": "sort of justify its involvement certainly,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00596-00201346-00201696": "but also to rally other people around the cause of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00597-00201696-00201970": "the Scottsboro Boys, starts talking about them as,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00598-00201970-00202230": "as workers. \"This is what happens to workers in the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00599-00202230-00202620": "United States under a capitalist system.\" The", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00600-00202620-00202930": "Scottsboro Boys' mothers are sent on these international", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00601-00202930-00203300": "world tours and they're coached about how they're", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00602-00203300-00203510": "going to talk about the worker's plight,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00603-00203510-00203710": "that the Communist Party cares about the workers of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00604-00203710-00204040": "the world, and at the end, it's a demonstration--it's,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00605-00204040-00204320": "it's proven by the way that they're advocating on behalf", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00606-00204320-00204819": "of their boys. As we start to learn more about the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00607-00204819-00204990": "Scottsboro Boys' mothers' tour,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00608-00204990-00205436": "their world tours, we're discovering the extent to", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00609-00205436-00205880": "which they were--manipulated is too strong a word--but", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00610-00205880-00206036": "how they were so highly scripted,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00611-00206036-00206300": "the mothers that is, in terms of what they were", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00612-00206300-00206560": "supposed to say and not say and how they were being sort", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00613-00206560-00206719": "of handled at all times to make sure they stayed on", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00614-00206719-00206876": "message. Now, be that as it may,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00615-00206876-00207500": "whether there was a level of manipulation here or not,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00616-00207500-00207946": "the fact is the Communist Party is making incredible", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00617-00207946-00208169": "efforts on behalf of the Scottsboro Boys,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00618-00208169-00208630": "and the case is followed everywhere. And this", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00619-00208630-00208866": "actually--This is actually another image from Harlem.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00620-00208866-00209069": "And this--I'm sorry you can't really make it out", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00621-00209069-00209266": "here, but in a sense, this is a,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00622-00209266-00209610": "a, a version now of what you'd see--what do they call", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00623-00209610-00209836": "those things in Times Square,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00624-00209836-00210250": "those scrolling messages? This is an update on the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00625-00210250-00210519": "trial, when Patterson is found guilty. And there's a", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00626-00210519-00210726": "commentary written down in chalk on this blackboard.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00627-00210726-00211280": "People are gathered around it to find out what's", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00628-00211280-00211619": "happening with the Scottsboro Boys. Now what", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00629-00211619-00212156": "happens to them? They get arrested '31,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00630-00212156-00212869": "a new case in, in '32. New cases in '33,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00631-00212869-00213390": "in '33, a coalition in '35. More hearings were held.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00632-00213619-00213980": "Half the Boys are released within a few years of the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00633-00213980-00214330": "original incident. The other half languish behind", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00634-00214330-00214790": "bars, and the last one, the last Scottsboro Boy is", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00635-00214790-00215390": "released, no longer a boy, in 1950. The Scottsboro", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00636-00215886-00216530": "Boys' cause became the focal point of rallies across the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00637-00216530-00216969": "country, in Harlem, as these images show,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00638-00216969-00217406": "black college campuses. The Scottsboro Boys' cause", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00639-00217406-00217610": "became the sites of numerous political protests,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00640-00217610-00218110": "and it really speaks to the new era or new philosophy", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00641-00218110-00218480": "about black politics during this era. These rallies are", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00642-00218480-00218930": "not the rallies of Garvey's Back to Africa dreams.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00643-00218930-00219106": "They're not the silent protest marches,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00644-00219106-00219430": "protesting against lynchings. The Scottsboro", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00645-00219430-00219726": "Boys' rallies, although they are rich in symbolism about", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00646-00219726-00219926": "the black--the black Boys being workers,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00647-00220350-00220890": "they also start to change political affiliations and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00648-00220890-00221356": "movements on the ground. The Scottsboro Boys' rallies", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00649-00221356-00222006": "are, in so many ways, explicitly political. And", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00650-00222006-00222169": "these rallies, in this way, are new to the,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00651-00222169-00222450": "to the scene as far--far as black Americans were", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00652-00222450-00222840": "concerned. And we'll see how this is articulated in", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00653-00222840-00223266": "movement politics in--in our next lecture. So taking", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00654-00223266-00223500": "together the Black Cabinet and the Scottsboro Boys'", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00655-00223500-00224066": "case, represent two sides of new political possibilities", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00656-00224066-00224300": "and new forms of political expression within black", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00657-00224300-00224600": "America: high politics and, for lack of a better phrase,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00658-00224600-00225280": "the low politics, but also becoming topics of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00659-00225280-00225540": "international conversation in terms of the black", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00660-00225540-00226136": "political situation. It's a time of change. Oh one", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00661-00226136-00226450": "image here I forgot, before I tell a quick story. This", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00662-00226450-00226626": "is a poster. I mean the Scottsboro Boys went on", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00663-00226626-00226726": "tour.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00664-00226726-00227130": "In 1937, Willie Robinson and Eugene Williams came to New", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00665-00227130-00227419": "Haven to tell of the \"horrors of hell and the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00666-00227419-00227676": "pleasures of heaven.\" They came to the Emanuel Baptist", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00667-00227676-00227950": "Church to talk about their experiences in,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00668-00227950-00228110": "in, Scotts--in the, in this case. It's a local story in", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00669-00228110-00228650": "this way, but it's part of a larger international", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00670-00228650-00229100": "phenomenon. Now I want to switch gears quickly from", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00671-00229100-00229600": "the Black Cabinet and the Scottsboro Boys to talk of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00672-00229600-00229866": "the New Negro Alliance. And I've got six minutes to tell", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00673-00229866-00229980": "what I used to do in a lecture,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00674-00229980-00230456": "so hang on. The New Negro Alliance is a local", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00675-00230456-00230666": "articulation--this is local being Washington,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00676-00230666-00231019": "D.C.--of a larger national phenomenon,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00677-00231019-00231269": "\"Don't buy where you can't work\" campaigns. \"Don't buy", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00678-00231269-00231760": "where you can't work\" campaigns. And it speaks to", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00679-00231760-00232040": "this new sort of form of political organizing that", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00680-00232040-00232326": "I'm suggesting is there with the Scottsboro Boys and the,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00681-00232326-00232560": "the Black Cabinet. So I've seen certain ways the New", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00682-00232560-00232850": "Negro Alliance pulling together embodying this new", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00683-00232850-00232950": "political philosophy.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00684-00232950-00233376": "That's why I want to tell this story very quickly.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00685-00233376-00233680": "So there are these campaigns across the country where", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00686-00233680-00234030": "black--blacks would organize and say,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00687-00234030-00234700": "\"We're not going to buy at the local thrift store,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00688-00234700-00234919": "because they won't employ black workers in this black", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00689-00234919-00235216": "neighborhood. In August of 1933,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00690-00235216-00235369": "this philosophy, this political movement,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00691-00235369-00235526": "lands in D.C.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00692-00235526-00235769": "where the owner of the local hamburger stand in black", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00693-00235769-00236019": "Washington, in, in the area, U Street district near", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00694-00236019-00236446": "Howard--Howard University, sort of the major black", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00695-00236446-00236800": "shopping enclave in the city. When the the guy who", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00696-00236800-00237030": "owns the hamburger grill fires the two black workers", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00697-00237030-00237260": "he has and hires two white kids in his place,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00698-00237260-00237430": "wants to give them jobs. You know,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00699-00237430-00237700": "everybody's desperate for jobs since it's the Great", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00700-00237700-00238006": "Depression. Within hours, a picket line's formed at the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00701-00238006-00238316": "hamburger stand, in the spirit of \"Don't buy where", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00702-00238316-00238510": "you can't work.\" \"We're not going to patronize the store", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00703-00238510-00238706": "anymore, because they won't let our type,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00704-00238706-00239200": "our folks, black folks, work in this place.\" And this is", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00705-00239200-00239410": "a white-owned store, if that part wasn't clear. It", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00706-00239410-00239910": "should have been. Next thing you know,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00707-00239910-00240340": "an--a group is organized. Two or three young men in", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00708-00240340-00240676": "college, just heading out of college,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00709-00240676-00240926": "called the New Negro Alliance. One of these", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00710-00240926-00241140": "\"Don't buy where you can't work\" campaigns,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00711-00241140-00241296": "and the city becomes electrified,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00712-00241296-00241526": "black Wash--Washington that is,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00713-00241526-00241736": "as New Negro--New Negro Alliance starts holding", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00714-00241736-00242156": "rallies, putting up posters. This is about", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00715-00242156-00242469": "staying out of People's drugstores. You know,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00716-00242469-00242719": "\"They won't employ blacks in the store,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00717-00242719-00243010": "we're not going to shop there any longer.\" To all", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00718-00243010-00243269": "fine--to all fair-minded people,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00719-00243269-00243710": "justice is, is essential to Americanism. People's is", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00720-00243710-00243819": "not just being racist; they're being", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00721-00243819-00244466": "anti-American. Other pair--posters would go up,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00722-00244466-00244780": "fliers, again, about People's Drugstore. \"Don't", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00723-00244780-00244916": "cheat on your race. Stay out of all People's", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00724-00244916-00245250": "Drugstores.\" And so equating People's Drugstores", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00725-00245250-00245990": "to an overseer whipping a poor black laborer. Now", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00726-00245990-00246380": "this is sort of the angry political art of a,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00727-00246380-00246519": "you know, college-age students.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00728-00246519-00246896": "You know how you guys are. But the New Negro Alliance", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00729-00246896-00247076": "really became remarkable for the way that it brought in", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00730-00247076-00247260": "all these different sectors of,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00731-00247260-00247719": "of black Washington. The most respectable members of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00732-00247719-00248100": "Washington start joining picket lines. \"People's is", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00733-00248100-00248416": "unfair, no colored clerks in colored neighborhoods. Stay", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00734-00248416-00248986": "out.\" In short order, the New Negro Alliance starts", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00735-00248986-00249460": "getting success after success. The local dairy,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00736-00249460-00249910": "People's Drugstore, the cigar shop,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00737-00249910-00250140": "all these places start to hire black workers,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00738-00250140-00250456": "but there's a hold out. The hold out is the Sanitary", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00739-00250456-00250836": "Grocery Company. The Sanitary Grocery Company is", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00740-00250836-00251100": "the most important grocer in Washington,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00741-00251100-00251290": "D.C., during the era. It's in black neighborhoods and", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00742-00251290-00251826": "white neighborhoods. Sanitary Grocery employed", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00743-00251826-00252260": "black workers, but as back office workers,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00744-00252260-00252650": "stockroom boys, or janitors. These were the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00745-00252650-00252896": "lowest paying jobs in the store and they were also the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00746-00252896-00253360": "invisible jobs. New Negro Alliance comes up to them", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00747-00253360-00253516": "and says, you know, \"The best paying jobs in your", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00748-00253516-00253726": "store, aside from being managers,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00749-00253726-00254019": "are the cash register clerks. Why don't you have", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00750-00254019-00254376": "any blacks in those positions?\" Sanitary", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00751-00254376-00254506": "Grocery gave its explanation,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00752-00254506-00254860": "gave its reasons, and the New Negro Alliance puts up", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00753-00254860-00255080": "picket lines like this one. This is just one person,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00754-00255080-00255250": "but starts putting up picket lines around Sanitary", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00755-00255250-00255666": "Grocery. Sanitary Grocery is not going to fold like", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00756-00255666-00255990": "these other places fold, and so starts its own political", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00757-00255990-00256396": "campaign with photographs of all the black workers,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00758-00256396-00256536": "you know, dressed in nice uniforms,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00759-00256536-00256719": "smiling for the camera. You know,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00760-00256719-00256880": "\"Sanitary Grocery works--you know,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00761-00256880-00257010": "we work for Sanitary Grocery,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00762-00257010-00257406": "support Sanitary Grocery.\" So they're trading fliers,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00763-00257406-00258200": "pamphlets, media bout--you know media shots for a--for", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00764-00258200-00258890": "a long time. It starts becoming a legal case. The", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00765-00258890-00259166": "New Negro Alliance activists reach out to Howard", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00766-00259166-00259556": "University Law School. This is a pre--pro--prologue to", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00767-00259556-00259790": "the lecture next week. They reach out to Howard", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00768-00259790-00260000": "University Law School, and says to the law school", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00769-00260000-00260276": "students, \"We need help organizing a court case", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00770-00260276-00260869": "here.\" And they start getting legal counsel from", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00771-00260869-00261290": "some of the law students and some of the law professors.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00772-00261290-00261550": "Because it's in D.C., a court case can become a", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00773-00261550-00261910": "Supreme Court case very quickly. The le--the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00774-00261910-00262140": "issue--the legal issue, Sanitary Grocery Company is", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00775-00262140-00262406": "saying, \"You cannot picket in front of our store.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00776-00262406-00262650": "You're not an employee.\" Just like this minister is", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00777-00262650-00262790": "picketing in front of People's. He didn't work at", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00778-00262790-00263030": "People's. Sanitary Grocery is go--Sanitary Grocery is", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00779-00263030-00263310": "saying, \"If you don't--if you aren't an employee of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00780-00263310-00263540": "the company, you aren't allowed to picket.\" New", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00781-00263540-00263840": "Negro Alliance said, \"This is a free speech issue. We", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00782-00263840-00264430": "can picket.\" And it becomes a Supreme Court case. And", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00783-00264430-00264820": "in 1938, aided by the attorneys at--the attorneys", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00784-00264820-00265030": "in training and the, the faculty at the law school at", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00785-00265030-00265510": "Howard, the Supreme Court offers a decision in The New", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00786-00265510-00265820": "Negro Alliance versus Sanitary Grocery Company.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00787-00265820-00266100": "And in that decision, it says that it's protected", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00788-00266100-00266500": "speech, picketing that is. As long as you're not", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00789-00266500-00266710": "interfering with the business at hand in terms of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00790-00266710-00266820": "blocking the entrance, let's say,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00791-00266820-00267220": "it's protected speech. And as such,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00792-00267220-00267436": "these rallies, these--the work of the New Negro", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00793-00267436-00267766": "Alliance, is perfectly constitutional. It's a", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00794-00267766-00267910": "major boost to the labor movement,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00795-00267910-00268580": "as it happens, and it really makes great changes for the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00796-00268580-00268720": "New Negro Alliance. It further,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00797-00268720-00268996": "you know, underscores its importance.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00798-00268996-00269290": "It also tells a really interesting story at the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00799-00269290-00269620": "end. There's a coda that I think is really humorous,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00800-00269620-00269780": "but tells you something about the way these things", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00801-00269780-00270080": "operate. Sanitary Grocery Company was the most", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00802-00270080-00270276": "important grocer in the city,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00803-00270276-00270460": "and the last thing it wanted or needed was to be", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00804-00270460-00270900": "affiliated with a Supreme Court case that it lost,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00805-00270900-00271330": "especially losing to African Americans. So the Sanitary", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00806-00271330-00271650": "Grocery Company ceases doing business under that name,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00807-00271650-00272136": "and it becomes Safeway. For those of you who know about", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00808-00272136-00272300": "Safeway, yes. I mean Safeways are actually", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00809-00272300-00272470": "disappearing now, because they're being bought up by", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00810-00272470-00272710": "other conglomerates, but Safeway's a major", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00811-00272710-00273000": "chain--well, last I knew, still a major chain in--in", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00812-00273000-00273326": "California. And they're still in the D.C.", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00813-00273326-00273636": "area, although they are slowly going away,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00814-00273636-00273786": "being bought up by, last time I checked,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00815-00273786-00273896": "which is a couple of years ago,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00816-00273896-00274300": "it was--it was owned by the parent company of--that also", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00817-00274300-00274460": "owned Vond's, Pavilion's, Dominic's,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00818-00274460-00274626": "Carr's, Randall's, Tom Thumb's,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00819-00274626-00274950": "Grocery Works. I think it's a big Canadian", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00820-00274950-00275160": "conglomerate. But this is, I mean it's a humorous coda", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00821-00275160-00275386": "for those who know Safeway. There's no mention anywhere", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00822-00275386-00275560": "of Safeway's history, corporate history,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00823-00275560-00276050": "of this actual--actually happening. Corporations", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00824-00276050-00276320": "don't want to be tainted with,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00825-00276320-00276640": "well, lack of success or really bad news. And in the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00826-00276640-00276840": "case of the \"Don't buy where you can't work\" campaign in", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00827-00276840-00277096": "Washington, D.C., they had both. And so Sanitary", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00828-00277096-00277350": "Grocery Company ceased to exist. It started operating", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00829-00277350-00277670": "under a new name. This is the potential of the new", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00830-00277670-00277940": "black politics: high politics,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00831-00277940-00278210": "low politics, somewhere in the middle politics,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00832-00278210-00278460": "and you're going to start seeing in tomorrow's lecture", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00833-00278460-00278626": "and in the, in the lectures over the next couple of", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00834-00278626-00279050": "weeks, a new kind of organizing mentality,", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00835-00279050-00279300": "operating at all levels, that starts to change the", "ihhX2WsTkyM-00836-00279300-00279576": "landscape of the American scene. Thanks so much."}}, {"audio_id": "ihOKEzK2muE", "text": {"ihOKEzK2muE-00000-00000308-00000508": "Start the magic!", "ihOKEzK2muE-00001-00002556-00002656": "We invite to judges", "ihOKEzK2muE-00002-00002695-00003008": "and all special guests to sit"}}, {"audio_id": "iiDOG3o9M_M", "text": {"iiDOG3o9M_M-00000-00002150-00002400": "Students use some traditional research", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00001-00002400-00002770": "methods such as semi-structured interviews", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00002-00002770-00003100": "and focus groups; but we also introduced a", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00003-00003100-00003500": "number of strategies to them that are more", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00004-00003500-00004100": "kinesthetic and also visual.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00005-00004100-00004350": "We integrated a lot of visual tools into the", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00006-00004350-00004500": "teaching of the PAR [participatory action research]", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00007-00004500-00004700": "course because the three of us all", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00008-00004700-00004900": "have an interest in visual anthropology but", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00009-00004900-00005200": "also because visual tools seem to suit the class", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00010-00005200-00005400": "so well and seem to suit PAR so well.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00011-00005400-00005600": "I think that’s one of the advantages of visual", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00012-00005600-00005880": "tools is it allows people to have a broader", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00013-00005880-00006200": "range of communication as opposed to the", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00014-00006200-00006500": "strictures of verbally talking about things or", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00015-00006500-00006800": "written language, they have this whole new", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00016-00006800-00006950": "medium in which they can explore what", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00017-00006950-00007150": "they’re learning and illustrate what they’re", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00018-00007150-00007300": "learning, literally.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00019-00007300-00007450": "And if they’re creating something like a", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00020-00007450-00007880": "graffiti board, they can draw people in and", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00021-00007880-00008200": "have people draw ideas, challenges that", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00022-00008200-00008450": "they’re facing, and it creates a lot of", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00023-00008450-00008550": "interest for people.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00024-00008550-00008800": "It’s also something that they can display later", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00025-00008800-00009160": "and communicate the information that they’ve gathered.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00026-00009160-00009350": "Two of the other really interesting visual tools", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00027-00009350-00009580": "that we use were community mapping, which", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00028-00009580-00009850": "involved students sitting down together at a", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00029-00009850-00010000": "big table with some big sheets of construction", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00030-00010000-00010200": "paper and drawing a map of Bellingham and", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00031-00010200-00010500": "then having to locate their houses and", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00032-00010500-00010700": "community sites and different important", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00033-00010700-00011000": "things on it, then looking at that as a data set", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00034-00011000-00011200": "to look at scale and where things were in", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00035-00011200-00011350": "proximity and things like that.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00036-00011350-00011600": "And also we did an activity where they had to", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00037-00011600-00011900": "draw personal quilts and they had a sheet of", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00038-00011900-00012200": "paper and they drew quilt squares that", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00039-00012200-00012400": "represented themselves and things that they", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00040-00012400-00012570": "felt were important and assets that they", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00041-00012570-00012880": "brought to the course or to the class and, then,", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00042-00012880-00013000": "sort of symbolically sewing them together", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00043-00013000-00013300": "with tape, and then that went up on the wall", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00044-00013300-00013550": "and sort of represented our PAR classes as a", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00045-00013550-00013650": "sort of PAR community quilt.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00046-00013769-00013919": "Another tool that we used midway through the", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00047-00013919-00014169": "quarter was the temperature gauge—another", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00048-00014169-00014300": "thing that we thought we should have used in", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00049-00014300-00014500": "the beginning after starting it.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00050-00014500-00014840": "Students were able to put on a grid what they", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00051-00014840-00015200": "were feeling from week to week with a", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00052-00015200-00015500": "symbol that they chose and then they drew", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00053-00015500-00015700": "those lines together to they could see where", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00054-00015700-00015880": "they were at different points in their research", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00055-00015880-00016000": "and how they felt about the research,", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00056-00016000-00016200": "how their research was going.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00057-00016200-00016400": "And when all the students put their thoughts", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00058-00016400-00016670": "up on this temperature gauge, they could see", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00059-00016670-00017100": "that they all had similar experiences and I", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00060-00017100-00017300": "think that this helped bring them together as a", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00061-00017300-00017500": "group and helped them realize that this was a", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00062-00017500-00017750": "natural part of the process.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00063-00017750-00017900": "One of the other tools that we introduced", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00064-00017900-00018100": "about midway through the quarter was", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00065-00018100-00018300": "appreciative inquiry, and it was interesting—", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00066-00018300-00018500": "this ended up being one of the things that I", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00067-00018500-00018800": "think students identified as something they", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00068-00018800-00019100": "wished they’d gotten sooner actually.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00069-00019100-00019480": "Appreciative inquiry takes a different tact than", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00070-00019480-00019660": "traditional inquiry.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00071-00019660-00019900": "Traditional inquiry in anthropology, as I’ve", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00072-00019900-00020180": "learned about it, has a tendency to look for", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00073-00020180-00020400": "problems—what’s going wrong, what’s not", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00074-00020400-00020660": "working in the community—and the students", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00075-00020660-00020900": "went into the community with these kinds of", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00076-00020900-00021000": "questions and the community identified these", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00077-00021000-00021300": "questions as well.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00078-00021300-00021550": "And appreciative inquiry allowed them to take", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00079-00021550-00021700": "a different approach and indentify strengths", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00080-00021700-00022000": "instead and to look at what was going well", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00081-00022000-00022300": "and they had glowing results from this", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00082-00022300-00022550": "and, in fact, with some students it completely", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00083-00022550-00022800": "turned around their experience with the", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00084-00022800-00023000": "community that they were working with.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00085-00023000-00023300": "I think one of the big assets of the tools we", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00086-00023300-00023500": "presented them was that all the tools were", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00087-00023500-00023800": "interchangeable and that each class day that", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00088-00023800-00024100": "the students would come they would get new", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00089-00024100-00024200": "tools to add to their toolkit.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00090-00024200-00024500": "And so the class kept evolving in that way", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00091-00024500-00024780": "and, too, at their sites; their sites kept evolving", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00092-00024780-00024900": "because they would always be learning new", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00093-00024900-00025100": "tools, new ways of looking at a situation or a", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00094-00025100-00025300": "problem, which I think the sites found really", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00095-00025300-00025500": "beneficial as well.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00096-00025500-00025700": "Which is, I think, the advantage of PAR.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00097-00025700-00025980": "The advantage of PAR is that it is flexible and", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00098-00025980-00026200": "that it gets tailored to the specific needs of a", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00099-00026200-00026500": "specific community as opposed to traditional", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00100-00026500-00026700": "approaches which take a best practices", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00101-00026700-00026900": "approach where ‘well, this works well in one", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00102-00026900-00027100": "place, so let’s apply it to another place without", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00103-00027100-00027400": "taking into consideration the differences that", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00104-00027400-00027770": "exist in that location or within that community.’", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00105-00027770-00028200": "The main lesson that I learned while doing", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00106-00028200-00028500": "this work, especially with regard to PAR, was", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00107-00028500-00029100": "that you have to be willing to constantly adjust.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00108-00029100-00029500": "And I was kind of reminded of something that", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00109-00029500-00029700": "you’re taught when you’re learning to be a", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00110-00029700-00030100": "bartender, which is that the key to a good", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00111-00030100-00030470": "cocktail is lots of ice, so however much ice", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00112-00030470-00030700": "you think you will need, make sure you have", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00113-00030700-00031200": "3 to 5 times as much on hand with you every night.", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00114-00031200-00031600": "I felt like the key to a smooth PAR process", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00115-00031600-00031950": "was flexibility and however flexible you think", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00116-00031950-00032300": "you will need to be, you have to be 3 to 5", "iiDOG3o9M_M-00117-00032300-00032626": "times as flexible over the course of the quarter."}}, {"audio_id": "iiYaFGOkqgu", "text": {"iiYaFGOkqgu-00000-00000000-00000866": "….Naturally, the interior isn't that different from my own apartment. It seems as though the residents aren't here so I sigh with relief. Even though I think I've done something wrong, I hope they'll overlook it because this is an emergency.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00001-00000866-00001514": "At any rate, have I escaped the crisis? Even though I won't die, I still don't want to eat a five story drop.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00002-00001514-00001934": "My relief only lasted for a moment, however. As waves of burning pain wash over me.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00003-00001934-00002240": "Know: ….....Guh.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00004-00002317-00003228": "My bones and internal organs are creaking. It looks like they were overwhelmed, as my injured and weak parts are simultaneously screaming at me in a great chorus of pain. ….Yes, just like Lilith said, these are the disadvantages of mechanization.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00005-00003228-00003538": "Know: Ah….. Haaaah!", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00006-00003592-00004400": "No. I can't fall asleep here. If I lose consciousness now, I won't wake up again. Alone, in this hell….. To die here, without seeing the \"outside\" world with Sophie… I'd definitely regret it.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00007-00004400-00004744": "Know: Aaaah…... Graaaah….....!", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00008-00004744-00005448": "I bite down hard on my lips and blood spurts out. Move, move, move, move….! My body isn't one of a man….. As a machine, I need to take control of it and move!", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00009-00005584-00006172": "My knee moves. Obviously mechanically, as if telling me that it doesn't care about my damage, the reinforced prosthetics are operating without any shred of stagnation.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00010-00006183-00006495": "Know: …..Ahaha, hahaha", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00011-00006495-00007203": "They're me, yet not. A mass of weapons, of violence incarnate. Even though I find them disgusting, I need their help. I need to see Sophie again.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00012-00007203-00007556": "Know: So until then…. Don't stop.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00013-00007556-00008289": "Smiling at my hands and feet, I deftly whirl around. Wriggling behind me is a mass of killing intent that I hadn't noticed. Is this the result of my out of character toughness clouding my awareness?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00014-00008326-00008615": "Know: …...Huh?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00015-00008615-00009120": "A scorching sensation penetrates my abdomen from behind. White smoke rises with the smell of burning meat.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00016-00009120-00009461": "This is…. A laser?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00017-00009461-00009816": "\"Eat this…. You shitty brat!\"", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00018-00009816-00010330": "A black clothed man, head half pulverized, is holding a small laser in his hand.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00019-00010477-00010910": "It seems like I have a particularly bad affinity with lasers.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00020-00011084-00011404": "Know: Gah….. Aaaaaaaaah!", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00021-00011494-00012116": "I roll around in agony as the terrible pain wracks my body. Of course, despite the already dead man's body being torn apart, the pain does not abate.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00022-00012116-00012544": "Know: Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahh!!", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00023-00012713-00013520": "Unable to stand the pain, in my rampage, I broke through the window and fell. I can't say that falling from the fourth floor is much better than falling from the fifth. With my wounded body, a confused thought surfaces within my mind. If I fall like this, there's no way I will survive.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00024-00013520-00013847": "Know: …..Gaah…. Haaaaah.....!", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00025-00013847-00014344": "Struck by a dull shock, my consciousnesses descended to the depths of Hades.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00026-00014622-00014946": "…................... Rain. It's raining.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00027-00014946-00015506": "The poison of this city rains endlessly in tears of regret. I wonder how much I've bathed in them at this point. My cheeks are already numb.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00028-00015650-00015974": "Know: …...Hhah….. Ghaah…......", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00029-00015974-00016421": "….I can breathe. I'm not dead. Can I move my body? ….A little.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00030-00016421-00016782": "Know: …...Haaaa ........ Haaaa …...... Haaaaa", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00031-00016782-00017451": "Should I call this good luck? Or bad luck? I escaped fatal damage by using a vagrant lying on the side of the road as a cushion.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00032-00017451-00017769": "Know: Kukukuku…....", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00033-00017769-00018510": "How ironic is this? To protect Sophie, to go to a peaceful world with her. The harder I try, the more I sin. My hands keep getting more and more bloodstained.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00034-00018510-00019034": "To at least be able to wipe away even a little of this disgrace…. I continue laughing as this cursed, poison rain falls upon me.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00035-00019034-00019384": "Until I tire of it…. Until it ends…..", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00036-00019719-00020636": "And then, a while later, my body regained its function. The pain of my wounds hasn't abated in the slightest, but this isn't a situation where I'd be able to say that to begin with. So long as the snakes are after Sophie, they will definitely give chase. I can't get caught here and now.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00037-00020636-00020970": "Know: Gah…. Oohhhhh…..!", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00038-00020970-00021686": "Trembling, I stand up. I had been rained on for a long time, so both my clothes and body look terrible. Well, this is my just deserts though….", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00039-00021686-00021997": "Know: If I don't….. go.......", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00040-00021997-00022791": "My goal is D3. Lilith's clinic. No one would think that someone fleeing the snakes would head straight into their den. It's dangerous, but I might have a chance.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00041-00022791-00023258": "All on my own, I began walking through the white, smoky rain.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00042-00023563-00023891": "Clemens: The girl was kidnapped!?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00043-00023891-00024393": "It was only a few hours after this happened that the first bad news of the night were delivered to him.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00044-00024393-00024937": "Clemens: What the fuck were the guards doing!? No, rather than that, who took her away!?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00045-00024937-00025419": "The man who should be able to add this to the report, can't in the face of this overwhelming menacing stare.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00046-00025419-00026115": "That's natural. Beelzebub - that is to say, Sophia, is something that he can't let go of. To sit upon the throne. To protect himself.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00047-00026115-00026451": "Clemens: Was it…. Dezard?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00048-00026451-00026863": "Clemens asks, distorting his face with anger and impatience.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00049-00026863-00027158": "\"….No.\"", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00050-00027158-00027624": "However, his expression changed completely hearing those words as his subordinate brought his mouth close to his ear.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00051-00027624-00027957": "Clemens: ….Are you certain?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00052-00027957-00028236": "\"…..Yes.\"", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00053-00028236-00028578": "Clemens: It was Strife….?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00054-00028578-00029166": "That man…. Where on earth did he acquire that information? No, more than that, why would he do such a thing? What the hell is he thinking?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00055-00029166-00029641": "A subordinate called out to Clemens, who was buried in a sea of thought.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00056-00029641-00030400": "\"That man reportedly annihilated the guards and kidnapped the girl. Rather than establishing a diplomatic relationship with the \"outside\", we should consider this a declaration of war. We should promptly…..\"", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00057-00030400-00030864": "Yes, we should act promptly. Clemens is pleased with what his subordinates have said.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00058-00030864-00031186": "Clemens: That fucking clown.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00059-00031186-00031651": "Sodom's greatest mystery, the legacy of the old civilization - Beelzebub, the Angel of Death.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00060-00031651-00032460": "For that power, that mystery, the man from \"outside\" stole it. Before he becomes immortal, he needs to be erased completely. It should still be possible for now.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00061-00032460-00032983": "Because the title of King of Crawling Insects belongs to Geese Clemens alone.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00062-00032983-00033508": "Clemens: What is the doctor doing? This happened because that man said something unnecessary in the first place.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00063-00033508-00033877": "\"He's following Strife's collaborator.\"", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00064-00033877-00034379": "Clemens: Collaborator? Hm, the kid he was talking about. Oh well, he's just small fry after all.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00065-00034379-00034894": "Clemens: Strife is more important. If we want to kill that man, why not leave it to \"him\"?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00066-00034894-00035186": "\"Then…..\"", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00067-00035186-00035762": "Clemens: It can't be helped. As you say, we can no longer be worried about diplomacy. He's gotten carried away.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00068-00035762-00036061": "Clemens: …..Let's go.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00069-00036061-00036497": "With that short announcement, Clemens turns around. A reserved voice comes from behind him.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00070-00036497-00036907": "\"One final thing. This is unconfirmed information, but…..\"", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00071-00036907-00037197": "Clemens: What?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00072-00037197-00037793": "\"Between D3 and D1, well-known scientists have been attacked one after another. I don’t think it has anything to do with this.\"", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00073-00037793-00038320": "Clemens: Scientists? I don't care. Perhaps they were all hit by some sort of burglar? It's not particularly unusual.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00074-00038320-00038614": "\"….As you say.\"", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00075-00038614-00039358": "The man, bowing low before Clemens' gaze, decided to reserve the remainder of the report. It's as Clemens said - the recapture of Beelzebub and the purge of Judas is top priority.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00076-00039358-00039877": "It doesn't matter right now that the suspect is \"that man.\"", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00077-00040167-00040606": "Dezard: I see. Now this is interesting….. My apologies, this has turned out to be troubling.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00078-00040781-00041317": "Dezard: But Lord Insect is still as impulsive as ever. I'm pissed that he has already forgotten about me.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00079-00041317-00041919": "Dezard: Or is he underestimating us, treating us as insignificant? Either way it's stupid. Is that the best he can do?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00080-00041919-00042624": "It is Dezard Grave who banters as a pitiful smile passes over her face. Her clairvoyance gleaned the entire previous interaction.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00081-00042624-00043345": "Dezard: But I have to say, what should I do now? Are you saying that we're beneath your notice now? Ah, look, even now my army is mobilizing.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00082-00043345-00043792": "Azlan: Are you joining too? War is your pastime, I won't stop you.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00083-00043792-00044470": "Dezard: Indeed. But that's fine. My aesthetic sense doesn't allow me to serve under someone ugly. This is a great chance, so let's get our revenge.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00084-00044470-00045355": "Dezard: According to what I \"saw\" Strife has a chance to fight with both Clemens' and Beelzebub's \"older brother\"…. While they fight, we profit. It may be an outsider's insight, but it's a good idea nonetheless.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00085-00045357-00045797": "Dezard: And of course, it goes without saying that you think the same…. Azlan?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00086-00045797-00046202": "Azlan: So you're going to attack them this time.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00087-00046202-00046551": "Dezard: Correct. That's the whole point of revenge.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00088-00046551-00046971": "An evil grin spreads across the face of the Puppeteer as she bows theatrically.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00089-00046971-00047638": "Dezard: I frankly don't care in the slightest about the old civilizaton's junk. What's unbearable is for me to be inferior to a bug. This is a bit of a compromise.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00090-00047638-00048059": "Azlan: Basically, you're going to be the demon king he was talking about?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00091-00048059-00048507": "Dezard: That's just the thing. Because we don't need two demon kings.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00092-00048507-00048864": "Dezard: So I ask again. What are you planning?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00093-00048864-00049324": "Azlan: Nothing. Like you, I have no interest in junk.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00094-00049324-00049772": "Dezard: Oh…. I would have thought that an old man would like antiques.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00095-00049772-00050254": "Dezard: Are you really fine with this? Like I said, there's no need for two demon kings.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00096-00050254-00050661": "Azlan: Yes. Just like you said.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00097-00050661-00050996": "Dezard: Then swear on it.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00098-00050996-00051476": "Saying that, Dezard grabs a letter opener and slashes her hand with it.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00099-00051476-00051877": "Dezard: I've been enthralled lately by the concept of a knight's oath.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00100-00051877-00052461": "Dezard: You too, Azlan. Declare it loud. I swear here, with my pride in this blood.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00101-00052461-00052771": "Azlan: …...I don't care.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00102-00052771-00053484": "With no change in his expression, Azlan takes the letter opener from Dezard. His wrinkled, yet tenacious fist slams into it.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00103-00053603-00054094": "Azlan: I swear, with this blood, that I will not interfere with your shenanigans.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00104-00054097-00054877": "Is that vow, with a little bit of venom, his own form of irony? But Dezard is laughing without so much as a smile. Of course, Azlan's emotions are similarly unreadable with his own blank face.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00105-00054877-00055204": "Azlan: Are we done now?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00106-00055204-00055607": "Dezard: No, no, we still have the finishing touches.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00107-00055607-00056030": "Dezard extends her bloody hand towards Azlan.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00108-00056030-00056625": "Dezard: A handshake…. This is seals the blood pact. Apparently, in some parts of the \"outside\" we'd be sworn brothers now.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00109-00056625-00057018": "Azlan: I see, sworn brothers. How ironic.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00110-00057018-00057452": "Azlan: Because it was you who killed my own brother…", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00111-00057452-00058063": "Dezard: You were the one who cleaned up afterwards. Regardless, I don't care about ancient history either way. The present and future are more important than the past.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00112-00058063-00058422": "Dezard: So what are you planning to do?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00113-00058422-00058723": "Azlan: ….............", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00114-00058723-00059021": "Azlan: Very well.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00115-00059021-00059881": "With that curt response, Azlan took Dezard's hand. Bonds are worthless in this city. In Sodom, where even blood ties are ignored, the concept of a sworn brother is a joke - and both of them know this well.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00116-00059881-00060350": "In other words, this farce is just Dezard's hobby no matter the perspective.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00117-00060350-00060730": "Azlan: Do what you want, Puppeteer.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00118-00060730-00061357": "Azlan laughs bitterly at the irony. But from an objective point of view, who is it that will really be profiting from watching others fight?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00119-00061357-00061833": "The only thing he knows for sure is that there is no need for two Demon Kings in this world.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00120-00062103-00063148": "After about half a day of rest, I had managed to recover to the point where I could move again properly. Given the severity of my injuries, this would ordinarily not be possible. However, this is a city where common sense doesn't exist. Due to the repeated battles and resulting injuries, my body is probably synchronizing with this city's poison.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00121-00063148-00063691": "Basically, my body is being transformed into something that is no longer human.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00122-00063691-00063959": "But….", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00123-00063959-00064332": "Know: I don't care, as long as I keep my promise….", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00124-00064332-00064703": "As long as I can see Sophie's smile again....", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00125-00064703-00065181": "A flash appears in my eyes as I stand up and throw myself into the sanctuary of an alleyway.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00126-00065181-00065498": "\"Found him! Over here!\"", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00127-00065579-00065866": "Know: Tch.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00128-00065866-00066442": "D3 is still far away. At best, I'm still between D1 and D2. When I arrived, I got promptly captured by the snakes' pursuers.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00129-00066442-00066744": "\"Cut him off!\"", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00130-00066744-00067284": "The men rush into the alley, screaming as I looked down at the scene below.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00131-00067284-00067583": "Know: …. You're in the way.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00132-00067583-00068114": "I'm ten meters above the ground. I close my legs, which I had held between the two buildings, and dive onto the man's head.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00133-00068158-00068449": "Know: …..........", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00134-00068449-00069200": "My hands are bloody. I don't know how many people I've killed at this point. But so long as I can't allow myself to die, I must keep killing. Because my pursuer is also Sophie's pursuer.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00135-00069288-00070105": "Run. Kill. When I kill, run. This endless game of cat and mouse is exhausting. There's surprisingly little pain in my broken ribs, but it seems like my internal organs have ruptured, as black blood is oozing out of my pores.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00136-00070105-00070507": "On top of that, I'm occasionally wracked by intense pain….", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00137-00070545-00070883": "Know: …..Gah, aaaaaahhhh!", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00138-00070883-00071624": "…The side effects. My organic parts can't withstand the movements created by my mechanical parts running continuously at full capacity, and that's putting my body in the brink of collapse. But my pursuit hasn't let up in the slightest.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00139-00071712-00072484": "….This relentlessness reminds me of him. Yes, that doctor. Was it a mistake to not kill him then? Then now is the time to correct it.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00140-00072484-00072997": "Within the hail of bullets, I run into the ruins, breathing wildly.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00141-00073300-00073652": "Know: …..Haah, …..Haah, …...Haah.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00142-00073652-00074102": "My body won't move how I want it to. It's like I'm a rat trapped in a bag. What do I do?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00143-00074102-00074413": "Know: ―――!?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00144-00074413-00074797": "I look around for the source of the sudden noise. Is there anyone here?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00145-00074797-00075099": "Know: Come out!", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00146-00075237-00075537": "Know: Come on out.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00147-00075537-00075894": "…...................................", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00148-00075894-00076267": "There's no reply even after I called. Is it a rat or something?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00149-00076267-00076404": "Woman's Voice: Um", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00150-00076404-00076716": "Know: ―――!?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00151-00076716-00077215": "I hear the voice right behind me. I whirl around and put up a fist as I swing backwards.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00152-00077253-00077344": "Woman's Voice: Kyaah!", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00153-00077449-00077677": "Woman's Voice: Ouch….", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00154-00077677-00078029": "Woman's Voice: That was mean. What were you doing?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00155-00078029-00078334": "Know: …........Eh?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00156-00078334-00078845": "As soon as I had thought it was my pursuer, I was stunned by that out of place protest.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00157-00078845-00079248": "Because it's a girl the same age as Sophie.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00158-00079409-00079725": "Know: …...You are?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00159-00079725-00079809": "Lil: Yes?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00160-00079809-00080196": "Who is this kid? What is she doing in a place like this?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00161-00080196-00080530": "Know: You're not a runaway…. Are you?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00162-00080530-00080978": "Lil: Yes, that's correct. What about you?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00163-00080978-00081277": "Know: Me neither.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00164-00081277-00081793": "Lil: Is that so? Then what are you doing in a place like this?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00165-00081793-00082300": "Know: That's… Wait, that's beside the point. I'm the one doing the asking. If you don't want to die, leave this instant.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00166-00082300-00082804": "Lil: Hm? Even if you tell me to leave, to do so instantly is a bit…", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00167-00082804-00083189": "Know: I don’t mean it in that sense.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00168-00083335-00083434": "Lil: Hyaa!", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00169-00083434-00083970": "I won't say bad things, so hurry up and get out of here. You don't want to die, do you?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00170-00083970-00084445": "Lil: Um, I suppose that's true….", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00171-00084585-00085344": "Lil: But here's the thing. I'm waiting for someone here, and I can't leave even if I wanted to until he comes.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00172-00085344-00085668": "Know: A person? In a place like this?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00173-00085668-00086091": "Lil: Yes. I wonder if I'll have to wait another two days?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00174-00086231-00086867": "Lil: Ah, I felt sad when I remembered that. Is it fine if I cry?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00175-00086867-00087178": "Know: ….................", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00176-00087178-00087868": "I wonder what this child is. If I believe her, she's been left in a place like this for two days. But it seems like she's doing just fine for herself in spite of that….", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00177-00088020-00088255": "Lil: Um, what's wrong?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00178-00088255-00088552": "Know: No….", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00179-00088552-00089077": "But upon  closer inspection that coat that she's wearing is a man's clothing. Does this have anything to do with the person she's waiting for?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00180-00089077-00089383": "Know: That…..", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00181-00089383-00090597": "Lil: Oh, are you talking about this? When I told him it was cold he said \"Wear it\". \"Don’t get it dirty, he said\". But do you really think it won't get dirty anymore?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00182-00090597-00091955": "Lil: That's why he said \"wait here\" with a face that seemed very annoyed. When I told him I was going too, he said \"you're being a bother\" with a straight face.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00183-00092095-00093264": "Lil: Why is that person so twisted? I'd be happy if he could be even a little bit more honest. ….Hey, don't you think so too?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00184-00093264-00093583": "Know: ….................", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00185-00093733-00093944": "Lil: Um, are you listening?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00186-00093944-00094224": "Know: Yeah.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00187-00094224-00094973": "For the time being, I understand that this child is a little weird. To be frank, it's not that I really care about others in particular, but it would be unbearable for me to kill a child of the same age as Sophie.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00188-00094973-00095339": "Know: Get up. I'll help you get out of here.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00189-00095339-00095707": "Lil: Eh? But like I said earlier.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00190-00095707-00096253": "Know: You're waiting for someone, right? I know that, but if you die, you won't be able to see anyone. Come on, give me your hand.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00191-00096437-00097038": "I forcibly grab the puzzled girl's hand and pull her to her feet. It's highly likely that the man she's waiting for won't come back.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00192-00097170-00097713": "Know: The guys chasing me will get here before long. I don't want to get you involved, so run away now.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00193-00097713-00097961": "Lil: Ah, run away.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00194-00097961-00098228": "Lil: Are you being chased?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00195-00098228-00098565": "Know: Yes, so hurry up.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00196-00098565-00099067": "Lil: That's not good. So then why don't you run away?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00197-00099067-00099440": "Know: I want to escape very badly…. But I--", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00198-00099440-00099789": "Then, severe pain strikes me again.", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00199-00099789-00100124": "Know: …..Ah, Guh…", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00200-00100124-00100393": "Lil: H-hey, what's wrong?", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00201-00100393-00100777": "Know: It's nothing. So hurry up!", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00202-00100827-00101111": "Know: ―――", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00203-00101111-00101438": "\"Is the game of tag over?\"", "iiYaFGOkqgu-00204-00101438-00102349": "…...Shit."}}, {"audio_id": "ij2d57HstNI", "text": {"ij2d57HstNI-00000-00000000-00006199": "Your subsrciption would be appreciated."}}, {"audio_id": "ijmRt6HoQ0U", "text": {"ijmRt6HoQ0U-00000-00000836-00001080": "hello everyone how are you today this is", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00001-00001080-00001408": "Marc I'm doing just great thanks for", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00002-00001408-00001741": "asking if I were you I would study", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00003-00001741-00002077": "English harder would you like milk with", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00004-00002077-00002509": "your coffee he would jog only during the", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00005-00002509-00002881": "weekends when he was young I would like", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00006-00002881-00003276": "to visit Tibet one day she would get", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00007-00003276-00003423": "to the airport", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00008-00003423-00003780": "some time they wouldn't go to school", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00009-00003780-00004233": "after the shooting Even my little nephew", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00010-00004233-00004585": "would understand this in this lesson as", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00011-00004585-00004980": "you can see we're going to look at \"would\"", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00012-00004980-00006012": "so stay tuned I've decided to talk about", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00013-00006012-00006322": "the modal verb \"would\" pronounced like the", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00014-00006322-00006870": "material wood and is the past of will as", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00015-00006870-00007189": "you can imagine we use it for the", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00016-00007189-00007428": "second and the third conditionals and let", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00017-00007428-00007639": "me remind you that if you want to watch", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00018-00007639-00007939": "a lesson on the conditionals you make", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00019-00007939-00008360": "here now contracted it would be", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00020-00008360-00008767": "'D do not confuse it with had pay", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00021-00008767-00009210": "attention to that and wouldn't - would plus", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00022-00009210-00009745": "not then the basic sentence", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00023-00009745-00010135": "would be subject + would + the base", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00024-00010135-00010578": "of the verb so let's look at when do we", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00025-00010578-00010943": "use would first for polite requests", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00026-00010943-00011289": "preferences and questions like my", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00027-00011289-00011610": "example would you like milk with your", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00028-00011610-00012060": "coffee ? would you like this is very much", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00029-00012060-00012484": "used in English another example would", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00030-00012484-00012850": "you like to go out with me tonight ?", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00031-00012850-00013159": "and in this case we have another verb", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00032-00013159-00013504": "after like so we need to add \"to\" do not", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00033-00013504-00013938": "forget that now the second usage or", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00034-00013938-00014058": "situation", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00035-00014058-00014446": "for repeated actions in the past so when", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00036-00014446-00014680": "something happens repeatedly in the past", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00037-00014680-00015066": "do not confuse it with used to if you", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00038-00015066-00015405": "want to watch a lesson on this part of", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00039-00015405-00015937": "grammar you may click here he would jog", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00040-00015937-00016255": "only during the weekends when he was", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00041-00016255-00016669": "young so an action repeatedly in the", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00042-00016669-00017208": "past number three to express desire or", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00043-00017208-00017926": "intent for example I like to visit Tibet", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00044-00017926-00018448": "one day maybe number four", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00045-00018448-00018856": "used in stories to talk about the", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00046-00018856-00019228": "thoughts of somebody is having about the", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00047-00019228-00019627": "future for example she would get to the", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00048-00019627-00019981": "airport some time so this is a thought", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00049-00019981-00020425": "she had about her future she would get", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00050-00020425-00020907": "to the airport some time now the fifth", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00051-00020907-00021346": "situation where we find would if used", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00052-00021346-00021826": "with \"not\" to talk about something that", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00053-00021826-00022303": "happened in the past it means that", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00054-00022303-00022627": "whoever we are referring to was", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00055-00022627-00022974": "unwilling or refused to do something", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00056-00022974-00023322": "it's better the example to understand it", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00057-00023322-00023845": "they wouldn't go to school after the", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00058-00023845-00024097": "shooting so the children after they", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00059-00024097-00024349": "heard the shooting they wouldn't go to", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00060-00024349-00024877": "school now this is attached to the", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00061-00024877-00025108": "second conditional let's look at the", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00062-00025108-00025495": "sixth situation where we find would to", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00063-00025495-00025860": "indicate certainty in particular", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00064-00025860-00026308": "circumstances for example even my little", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00065-00026308-00026982": "nephew would understand this would", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00066-00027008-00027544": "now let's recap in this lesson we looked", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00067-00027544-00027931": "at the modal verb \"would\" would is the", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00068-00027931-00028408": "past of the verb \"will\" we use it with the", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00069-00028408-00028597": "second conditional and the third", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00070-00028597-00028922": "conditional don't forget would have for the", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00071-00028922-00029180": "third conditional I've listed six", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00072-00029180-00029447": "situations where we can use \"would\" the", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00073-00029447-00029683": "most common ones are habitual actions in", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00074-00029683-00030002": "the past and polite requests and offers", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00075-00030002-00030256": "that's it for today if you liked my", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00076-00030256-00030533": "lesson please share it and subscribe to", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00077-00030533-00030778": "my channel so that next week you'll get", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00078-00030778-00031081": "a new lesson I have to thank you so much", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00079-00031081-00031394": "for all your comments and all your", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00080-00031394-00031846": "suggestions and maybe what I would ask", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00081-00031846-00032095": "you this time is to write your own", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00082-00032095-00032509": "example using \"would\" with one situation or", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00083-00032509-00032558": "another", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00084-00032558-00032809": "having said that thank you very much for", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00085-00032809-00033068": "watching and see you next week with a", "ijmRt6HoQ0U-00086-00033068-00033531": "new have a great day bye bye"}}, {"audio_id": "ijrOyOE8TCM", "text": {"ijrOyOE8TCM-00000-00005376-00005460": "Greetings!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00001-00005609-00006299": "One of the easiest medicines prescribed by Therayar is the medicine for piles", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00002-00006391-00007665": "With clear explanation and use of simple ingredients, our Therayar has prescribed this medicine", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00003-00007891-00008952": "It is surprising to know that our Therayar has mentioned this medicine for piles in his era!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00004-00009081-00009792": "Though surgeries and other procedures are available with technology to cure piles...", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00005-00009861-00010665": "The medications prescribed by Therayar, and other ancestors, are used and sought for accurate medicines and efficiency!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00006-00010665-00011342": "This is another reason why Siddha medicines are still used and preferred by many!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00007-00011435-00012500": "Anyone can be affected by any disease and our ancestors have prescribed medicines for everyone with ingredients that are available to everyone!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00008-00012590-00013903": "With no bias and with no discrimination based on any factor, the medicines provided by our Siddhars are definitely appreciable!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00009-00013903-00014264": "Let's have a look at Therayar's medicine for piles, shall we?", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00010-00016810-00016951": "'Agung karunai...'", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00011-00017067-00017698": "One of the commonly available ingredients that have many health benefits is 'Karunai Kizhangu' (Yam)", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00012-00017798-00017893": "Diabetes,", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00013-00017909-00018132": "Menstrual problems,", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00014-00018132-00018401": "Body pain (especially in hips, arms, and legs),", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00015-00018401-00018622": "Fat reduction,", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00016-00018622-00018766": "Heartburn,", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00017-00018766-00018997": "ulcer-related ailments,", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00018-00018997-00019143": "Heart-ailments,", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00019-00019143-00019265": "Cancer and related ailments,", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00020-00019265-00019465": "High blood pressure,", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00021-00019465-00019948": "And constipation are some of the diseases that are said to be cured/treated with 'Karunai Kizhangu' (Yam)", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00022-00019948-00021037": "Owing to the medicinal benefits, our Therayar has mentioned using yam!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00023-00021127-00021911": "Our Therayar has mentioned another ingredient, named 'Merugan Kizhangu' usually found in forest areas!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00024-00021930-00022551": "Though this ingredient is not highly used in household kitchens, Siddha medications include this ingredient abundantly!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00025-00022594-00022973": "'Merugan Kizhangu' can be available in local medicinal shops!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00026-00023000-00024331": "This is said to be effective in treating stomach ailments, piles, body temperature, and diabetes", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00027-00024331-00025206": "Our Therayar has mentioned the third ingredient named, 'Amukaara Kizhangu', commonly called as 'Ashwakandha'", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00028-00025235-00027132": "Owing to its medicinal benefits, especially in giving energy that cures laziness and nerve problems, our Therayar has mentioned using this ingredient!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00029-00027151-00028092": "'Karunai Kizhangu', 'Merugan Kizhangu', 'Amukaaraa Kizhangu', along with...", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00030-00028092-00028943": "Extracts/juice of baby onion (pearl onions) should be taken in the same quantity as other ingredients", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00031-00028943-00029837": "Our Therayar has mentioned frying all the ingredients in pure ghee!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00032-00029837-00030270": "Our Therayar has mentioned using sugar with the pasted medicine!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00033-00030270-00031163": "Our Therayar has mentioned consuming this twice a day (morning and evening) either a spoonful or in the size of a tiny amla for 3 days!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00034-00031163-00031702": "Our Therayar has mentioned that signs of relief will be visible within the first 3 days of consumption", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00035-00031702-00033031": "But our Therayar has mentioned consuming the medicine for another 3 days to make sure 'piles' leave the body without any trace!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00036-00033049-00035082": "Specifically, the extracts/juice of baby onions (pearl onions) help in reducing the excess body heat and heal the wounds!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00037-00037236-00038238": "As a recap, 'Karunai Kizhangu', 'Merugan Kizhangu', 'Amukaaraa Kizhangu', extracts/juice of baby onion (pearl onions) must be fried in pure ghee!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00038-00038238-00039000": "Our Therayar has mentioned preparing a paste of the fried ingredients;", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00039-00039000-00039614": "Along with sugar, our Therayar has mentioned consuming the medicine with sugar to get rid of gas caused due to piles!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00040-00039614-00039814": "'Sorindha ratha moolam'", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00041-00039814-00040382": "Our Therayar has mentioned that this medicine relieves the pain caused due to wounded piles with blood!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00042-00040382-00041178": "Our Therayar has also mentioned that early signs of piles will also be cured!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00043-00041178-00042543": "To experience the relief, our Therayar has mentioned reducing the intake of spice, salt, and tamarind!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00044-00042606-00042724": "As a takeaway message...", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00045-00042724-00042969": "200 grams of chopped 'Karunai Kizhangu',", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00046-00043016-00043243": "200 grams of chopped 'Merugan Kizhangu',", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00047-00043370-00043597": "'200 grams of chopped  'Amukaaraa Kizhangu'", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00048-00043701-00044112": "200 grams of extracts/juice of baby onion (pearl onions) must be taken", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00049-00044112-00046033": "The ingredients must be fried in pure ghee (Our Therayar has mentioned frying the ingredients to get rid of moisture)", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00050-00046033-00047175": "Our Therayar has mentioned using sugar as 'Amukaaraa Kizhangu' is bitter in taste!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00051-00047262-00047963": "Due to its bitter taste, our Therayar would have mentioned adding sugar", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00052-00048067-00048500": "Diabetic patients are advised to skip/ avoid sugar!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00053-00048588-00049844": "It is better to include 'Karunai Kizhangu' (yam) at least twice a month in different delicacies for better health!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00054-00049930-00050802": "With this medicine, our Therayar has mentioned a way to prevent/cure piles!", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00055-00050817-00051611": "This is also effective in relieving the menstrual pain", "ijrOyOE8TCM-00056-00051666-00052633": "It is good to know the valuable information shared by Therayar to cure/prevent piles... right?"}}, {"audio_id": "ijOGUKiAK3A", "text": {"ijOGUKiAK3A-00009-00003758-00004044": "upcoming ipo", "ijOGUKiAK3A-00010-00004044-00004343": "upcoming ipo 2018", "ijOGUKiAK3A-00061-00018692-00018999": "hdfc amc ipo price", "ijOGUKiAK3A-00062-00018999-00019323": "hdfc ipo details", "ijOGUKiAK3A-00065-00019901-00020210": "hdfc mutual fund ipo", "ijOGUKiAK3A-00378-00110676-00110987": "hdfc amc ipo gmp price", "ijOGUKiAK3A-00379-00110987-00111293": "hdfc amc ipo gmp price", "ijOGUKiAK3A-00403-00117253-00117427": "How to Increase your allotment probability ?", "ijOGUKiAK3A-00404-00117427-00117732": "ipo allotment process", "ijOGUKiAK3A-00405-00117732-00118022": "how to increase ipo allotment chances", "ijOGUKiAK3A-00406-00118022-00118239": "how to increase ipo 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