[{"audio_id": "3mVYdjrTqYy", "text": {"3mVYdjrTqYy-00000-00000514-00000952": "OK people i'm about to try out the new OmniShaver", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00001-00000998-00001172": "It's for your head", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00002-00001230-00001548": "I did my face with it and it's pretty cool", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00003-00001548-00001839": "you can shave both ways", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00004-00001857-00001957": "so...", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00005-00002064-00002376": "I've already pre-prepped my head as you can see", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00006-00002566-00002788": "I don't have anybody to do the", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00007-00002788-00003052": "camera work, so i'm gonna have to do this myself", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00008-00003122-00003342": "may take a little longer", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00009-00003342-00003532": "than you've seen on other videos so.", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00010-00003665-00003765": "OK", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00011-00003942-00004066": "Here we go!", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00012-00004304-00004647": "All you do is you go front", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00013-00004709-00004829": "Go back", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00014-00004887-00004987": "Front", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00015-00005205-00005305": "Back", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00016-00005554-00005810": "It's pretty cool as you can see", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00017-00005880-00006094": "they say you don't really have to", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00018-00006636-00006822": "you don't really have to", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00019-00007062-00007404": "clean the blade while your shaving", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00020-00007668-00007930": "maybe i should have zoomed in", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00021-00007930-00008081": "got to see the back", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00022-00008167-00008481": "they say you dont have to .....", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00023-00008974-00009133": "I dont have to clean", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00024-00009306-00009406": "the uhhm", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00025-00009498-00009700": "razor while your doing this", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00026-00010000-00010216": "It's self clean", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00027-00010386-00010554": "shaving system", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00028-00010626-00010938": "I gotta say it's pretty good!", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00029-00011298-00011442": "takes a lot out of", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00030-00011655-00011828": "a lot of time", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00031-00011974-00012173": "if you shave everyday", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00032-00012681-00012825": "I highly recommend you...", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00033-00013062-00013226": "getting one of these", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00034-00013597-00013715": "OmniShaver", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00035-00013890-00014168": "I shave everyday", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00036-00014168-00014268": "Head", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00037-00015418-00015518": "And", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00038-00015569-00015749": "Face", "3mVYdjrTqYy-00039-00015977-00016128": "It's a pretty good tool!"}}, {"audio_id": "3n8QPLIjkVY", "text": {"3n8QPLIjkVY-00000-00000001-00000105": "(male narrator) In this video,", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00001-00000105-00000301": "we will look at solving equations", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00002-00000301-00000701": "that have radicals in them-- specifically, odd roots.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00003-00000701-00001101": "The opposite of taking a root is to do an exponent.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00004-00001401-00001706": "In other words, if we have the cube root of x equals 4,", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00005-00001706-00002004": "we need to do the opposite of a cube root", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00006-00002004-00002200": "to remove the radical.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00007-00002200-00002307": "The opposite of a cube root", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00008-00002307-00002704": "would be a 3rd power on both sides:", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00009-00002704-00003309": "4 to the 3rd is 64, so x-- our variable--would be 64.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00010-00003309-00003607": "Let's take a look at some more involved problems", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00011-00003607-00003908": "that require us to get rid of an odd root", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00012-00003908-00004108": "by using an exponent.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00013-00004208-00004606": "In this problem, we have a cube root of 2x minus 5.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00014-00004606-00004804": "To get rid of that radical,", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00015-00004804-00005008": "so we can access the inside part,", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00016-00005008-00005207": "we do the exponent.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00017-00005207-00005509": "The opposite of cube root is 3rd power.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00018-00005509-00005803": "Doing the same thing on both sides,", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00019-00005803-00006106": "cube root and 3rd power will be inverses,", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00020-00006106-00006809": "leaving just 2x minus 5, equals 6 cubed, or 216.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00021-00007002-00007208": "We can quickly solve this remaining equation", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00022-00007208-00007908": "by adding 5 to both sides; giving us 2x equals 221;", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00023-00007908-00008201": "and finally, dividing by 2.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00024-00008405-00008807": "x is equal to 221, over 2,", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00025-00008807-00009107": "or you can make that into a decimal...", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00026-00009303-00009709": "by dividing 221 by 2 to get 110.5.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00027-00010106-00010506": "Let's try another example where we get rid of an odd root", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00028-00010506-00010706": "by using an odd exponent.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00029-00011000-00011208": "In this problem, we have a 5th root.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00030-00011208-00011805": "We can get rid of a 5th root with a 5th power on both sides.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00031-00011805-00012102": "Fifth power and fifth roots are inverses,", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00032-00012102-00012406": "leaving just the 4x minus 7,", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00033-00012406-00012904": "equals 2 to the 5th, which is 32.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00034-00012904-00013305": "We can then solve by adding 7 to both sides,", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00035-00013305-00013706": "and 4x  is equal to 39.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00036-00013706-00014406": "Finally, dividing by 4 tells us that x is equal to 39 over 4.", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00037-00014802-00015109": "By remembering that the opposite of a root is an exponent,", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00038-00015109-00015407": "we can quickly solve problems with odd roots", "3n8QPLIjkVY-00039-00015407-00015807": "by using exponents to clear the radical."}}, {"audio_id": "3ngo9zbcd_U", "text": {"3ngo9zbcd_U-00000-00000546-00000606": "ChRiS!"}}, {"audio_id": "3nl_5k9c0rg", "text": {"3nl_5k9c0rg-00000-00000028-00000708": "Hi. This is Miss Major. I am doing this because I wanted my guys and girls to", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00001-00000708-00001400": "understand that I have some issues over this Day of Visibility for us as trans", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00002-00001400-00001964": "people I really don't understand why we need a Day at Visibility since for most", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00003-00001964-00002618": "of us especially with black girls we are as visible as we need to be. Our", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00004-00002618-00003134": "visibility is getting us killed, you know, so it's not that we need to be visible I", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00005-00003134-00003623": "think the thing is that the people who care about us, who are involved in our", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00006-00003623-00004050": "lives, and who know us, they're the people who need to become more visible. They", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00007-00004050-00004689": "need to acknowledge that we exist, claim and show that they support us, and the", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00008-00004689-00005142": "best way to do that is talk about us in a positive light on our day of", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00009-00005142-00005678": "visibility. Let people know that you know and like and appreciate and enjoy the", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00010-00005678-00006239": "company of a transgender person/ transgender man/transgender woman. You know,", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00011-00006239-00006804": "people need to understand that it's not just about us as trans people it's about", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00012-00006804-00007365": "the people in our lives, it's about the people who support us. They need to stop", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00013-00007365-00007877": "supporting us from the shadows, step out into the light and say, \"I appreciate,", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00014-00007877-00008450": "acknowledge, and like transgender people.\" And transgender people need to live, be", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00015-00008450-00009122": "appreciated, be enjoyed, and be left alone to live our lives, pursue our dreams and", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00016-00009122-00009717": "be the best people that we can be on our fucking own, you know what I mean? So, you", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00017-00009717-00010239": "want us to have a Day of visibility? Visibilize this shit: \"I like", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00018-00010239-00010542": "transgender people.\" Tell a transgender person that you", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00019-00010542-00011034": "appreciate them, acknowledge that you like them in public, to your friends, to", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00020-00011034-00011579": "your co-workers, to your damn family, don't keep us in the dark. on the side, in", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00021-00011579-00012159": "some little secret place in your mind. Step out, acknowledge who we are to you", "3nl_5k9c0rg-00022-00012159-00012697": "and appreciate us like that. Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "4omhK0sw-Jg", "text": {"4omhK0sw-Jg-00000-00000516-00000716": "Hello everyone", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00001-00000716-00001164": "Today I am going to share The Peach Colony, written by Tao Yuanming", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00002-00001164-00001548": "so that we may have a glance at what the eastern Agartha looks like", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00003-00001548-00002010": "First of all, I will introduce the eastern Agartha network", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00004-00002010-00002658": "In the West, Agartha network was integrated with the Resistance Movement more than a decade ago", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00005-00002658-00003647": "In the East, it was kept as a separate entity until now for security reasons", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00006-00003647-00005376": "Eastern (Asian) Agartha network was created 25,000 years ago when many immortals (xian) left the surface of the planet", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00007-00005376-00005984": "And created an underground kingdom of Light in their grotto-heavens", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00008-00005984-00006638": "Eastern Agartha network is the source of Taoist alchemy and immortality teachings", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00009-00006638-00007723": "Up until a few centuries ago, many taoist monasteries had access to the underground Agartha network through a cave or a tunnel near or under the monastery", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00010-00007731-00008188": "A certain Dragon group is still a guardian of those entrances and portals", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00011-00008188-00008756": "Eastern Agartha network is a very distinct underground culture", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00012-00008756-00009380": "Now let's review The Peach Colony (for English viewers, please jump to 3:58 directly)", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00013-00023870-00024338": "During the reign of Taiyuan of Chin, there was a fisherman of Wuling", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00014-00024338-00025676": "One day he was walking along a bank. After having gone a certain distance, he suddenly came upon a peach grove which extended along the bank for about a hundred yards", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00015-00025676-00026160": "He noticed with surprise that the grove had a magic effect, so singularly free from the usual mingling of brushwood", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00016-00026160-00026548": "while the beautifully grassy ground was covered with its rose petals", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00017-00026548-00027586": "He went further to explore, and when he came to the end of the grove, he saw a spring which came from a cave in the hill", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00018-00027586-00028760": "Having noticed that there seemed to be a weak light in the cave, he tied up his boat and decided to go in and explore", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00019-00028798-00029398": "At first the opening was very narrow, barely wide enough for one person to go in", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00020-00029398-00029780": "After a dozen steps, it opened into a flood of light", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00021-00029780-00030256": "He saw before his eyes a wide, level valley, with houses and fields and farms", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00022-00030256-00031568": "There were bamboos and mulberries; farmers were working and dogs and chickens were running about", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00023-00031680-00033146": "The dresses of the men and women were like those of the outside world, and the old men and children appeared very happy and contented", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00024-00033146-00033752": "They were greatly astonished to see the fisherman and asked him where he had come from", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00025-00033752-00034712": "The fisherman told them and was invited to their homes, where wine was served and chicken was killed for dinner to entertain him", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00026-00034712-00035324": "The villagers hearing of his coming all came to see him and to talk", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00027-00035324-00036538": "They said that their ancestors had come here as refugees to escape from the tyranny of Tsin Shih-huang (builder of Great Wall) some six hundred years ago, and they had never left it", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00028-00036538-00037290": "They were thus completely cut off from the world, and asked what was the ruling dynasty now", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00029-00037290-00037930": "They had not even heard of the Han Dynasty (two centuries before to two centuries after Christ), not to speak of the Wei (third century A.D.)and the Chin (third and fourth centuries)", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00030-00037930-00038790": "The fisherman told them, which they heard with great amazement", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00031-00038790-00039564": "Many of the other villagers then began to invite him to their homes by turn and feed him dinner and wine", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00032-00039564-00040832": "After a few days, he took leave of them and left. The villagers begged him not to tell the people outside about their colony", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00033-00040832-00041676": "The man found his boat and came back, marking with signs the route he had followed", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00034-00041676-00042176": "He went to the magistrate's office and told the magistrate about it", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00035-00042176-00043196": "The latter sent someone to go with him and find the place. They looked for the signs but got lost and could never find it again", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00036-00043196-00044680": "Liu Tsechi of Nanyang was a great idealist. He heard of this story, and planned to go and find it, but was taken ill and died before he could fulfill his wish", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00037-00044680-00045080": "Since then, no one has gone in search of this place", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00038-00045080-00045652": "This article is romantic and mysterious", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00039-00045652-00046502": "making people feel that The Peach Colony does not exist in reality", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00040-00046532-00046928": "it only exist in idealism", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00041-00046928-00047432": "But the detailed descriptions are realistic", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00042-00047432-00047798": "whether it is the peach grove which extended along the bank for about a hundred yards", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00043-00047798-00047998": "or the narrow opening barely wide enough for one person to go in", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00044-00047998-00048382": "or bamboos and mulberries; farmers, dogs and chickens", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00045-00048382-00048776": "They are not difficult to find in reality", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00046-00048776-00049834": "Therefore it gives people a sense of realism, believing that this is a paradise on earth, rather than a realm for gods", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00047-00049834-00050456": "The Peach Colony also describes Liu Tsechi of Nanyang, who existed in reality,", "4omhK0sw-Jg-00048-00050456-00051226": "which gives more credits to its realism and makes us fascinated by it"}}, {"audio_id": "4oolMYhalRM", "text": {"4oolMYhalRM-00000-00000356-00000819": "I whispered to her when no one was listening", "4oolMYhalRM-00001-00000819-00001470": "that it was o.k. to give up.", "4oolMYhalRM-00002-00001470-00001748": "she listened."}}, {"audio_id": "4oumnU82soy", "text": {"4oumnU82soy-00000-00000010-00000063": "TAKING ON ANDOVER OR FARMINGTON", "4oumnU82soy-00001-00000063-00000070": "TAKING ON ANDOVER OR FARMINGTON", "4oumnU82soy-00002-00000070-00000243": "TAKING ON ANDOVER OR FARMINGTON IN THE SEMIFINALS.", "4oumnU82soy-00003-00000243-00000250": "TAKING ON ANDOVER OR FARMINGTON IN THE SEMIFINALS.", "4oumnU82soy-00004-00000250-00000363": "TAKING ON ANDOVER OR FARMINGTON IN THE SEMIFINALS. >>> WHEN YOU THINK OF ROSEAU", "4oumnU82soy-00005-00000363-00000370": "IN THE SEMIFINALS. >>> WHEN YOU THINK OF ROSEAU", "4oumnU82soy-00006-00000370-00000467": "IN THE SEMIFINALS. >>> WHEN YOU THINK OF ROSEAU GIRLS BASKETBALL, YOU THINK OF", "4oumnU82soy-00007-00000467-00000473": ">>> WHEN YOU THINK OF ROSEAU GIRLS BASKETBALL, YOU THINK OF", "4oumnU82soy-00008-00000473-00000577": ">>> WHEN YOU THINK OF ROSEAU GIRLS BASKETBALL, YOU THINK OF MEGAN TAYLOR.", "4oumnU82soy-00009-00000577-00000583": "GIRLS BASKETBALL, YOU THINK OF MEGAN TAYLOR.", "4oumnU82soy-00010-00000583-00000804": "GIRLS BASKETBALL, YOU THINK OF MEGAN TAYLOR. THE SCORING PHENOM ENDED HER", "4oumnU82soy-00011-00000804-00000810": "MEGAN TAYLOR. THE SCORING PHENOM ENDED HER", "4oumnU82soy-00012-00000810-00000957": "MEGAN TAYLOR. THE SCORING PHENOM ENDED HER CAREER IN 1997 WITH 3,300", "4oumnU82soy-00013-00000957-00000964": "THE SCORING PHENOM ENDED HER CAREER IN 1997 WITH 3,300", "4oumnU82soy-00014-00000964-00001221": "THE SCORING PHENOM ENDED HER CAREER IN 1997 WITH 3,300 POINTS, WHICH AT THE TIME WAS", "4oumnU82soy-00015-00001221-00001227": "CAREER IN 1997 WITH 3,300 POINTS, WHICH AT THE TIME WAS", "4oumnU82soy-00016-00001227-00001341": "CAREER IN 1997 WITH 3,300 POINTS, WHICH AT THE TIME WAS THE MOST IN STATE HISTORY AND OF", "4oumnU82soy-00017-00001341-00001348": "POINTS, WHICH AT THE TIME WAS THE MOST IN STATE HISTORY AND OF", "4oumnU82soy-00018-00001348-00001424": "POINTS, WHICH AT THE TIME WAS THE MOST IN STATE HISTORY AND OF COURSE THE MOST IN PROGRAM", "4oumnU82soy-00019-00001424-00001431": "THE MOST IN STATE HISTORY AND OF COURSE THE MOST IN PROGRAM", "4oumnU82soy-00020-00001431-00001528": "THE MOST IN STATE HISTORY AND OF COURSE THE MOST IN PROGRAM HISTORY.", "4oumnU82soy-00021-00001528-00001534": "COURSE THE MOST IN PROGRAM HISTORY.", "4oumnU82soy-00022-00001534-00001644": "COURSE THE MOST IN PROGRAM HISTORY. SHE HELD THAT RAMS RECORD", "4oumnU82soy-00023-00001644-00001651": "HISTORY. SHE HELD THAT RAMS RECORD", "4oumnU82soy-00024-00001651-00001901": "HISTORY. SHE HELD THAT RAMS RECORD COMFORTABLY UNTIL ROSEAU SENIOR", "4oumnU82soy-00025-00001901-00001908": "SHE HELD THAT RAMS RECORD COMFORTABLY UNTIL ROSEAU SENIOR", "4oumnU82soy-00026-00001908-00002342": "SHE HELD THAT RAMS RECORD COMFORTABLY UNTIL ROSEAU SENIOR KACIE BOROWICZ ENTERED", "4oumnU82soy-00027-00002342-00002349": "COMFORTABLY UNTIL ROSEAU SENIOR KACIE BOROWICZ ENTERED", "4oumnU82soy-00028-00002349-00002512": "COMFORTABLY UNTIL ROSEAU SENIOR KACIE BOROWICZ ENTERED SATURDAY'S GAME WITH 3,285, JUST", "4oumnU82soy-00029-00002512-00002519": "KACIE BOROWICZ ENTERED SATURDAY'S GAME WITH 3,285, JUST", "4oumnU82soy-00030-00002519-00002769": "KACIE BOROWICZ ENTERED SATURDAY'S GAME WITH 3,285, JUST 15 BEHIND TAYLOR'S RECORD.", "4oumnU82soy-00031-00002769-00002776": "SATURDAY'S GAME WITH 3,285, JUST 15 BEHIND TAYLOR'S RECORD.", "4oumnU82soy-00032-00002776-00002946": "SATURDAY'S GAME WITH 3,285, JUST 15 BEHIND TAYLOR'S RECORD. IN FRONT OF A PACKED GYM, IT WAS", "4oumnU82soy-00033-00002946-00002952": "15 BEHIND TAYLOR'S RECORD. IN FRONT OF A PACKED GYM, IT WAS", "4oumnU82soy-00034-00002952-00003073": "15 BEHIND TAYLOR'S RECORD. IN FRONT OF A PACKED GYM, IT WAS ON THIS FREE THROW IN THE FIRST", "4oumnU82soy-00035-00003073-00003079": "IN FRONT OF A PACKED GYM, IT WAS ON THIS FREE THROW IN THE FIRST", "4oumnU82soy-00036-00003079-00003219": "IN FRONT OF A PACKED GYM, IT WAS ON THIS FREE THROW IN THE FIRST HALF OF THEIR WIN OVER", "4oumnU82soy-00037-00003219-00003226": "ON THIS FREE THROW IN THE FIRST HALF OF THEIR WIN OVER", "4oumnU82soy-00038-00003226-00003356": "ON THIS FREE THROW IN THE FIRST HALF OF THEIR WIN OVER INTERNATIONAL FALLS THAT", "4oumnU82soy-00039-00003356-00003363": "HALF OF THEIR WIN OVER INTERNATIONAL FALLS THAT", "4oumnU82soy-00040-00003363-00003516": "HALF OF THEIR WIN OVER INTERNATIONAL FALLS THAT BOROWICZ ETCHED HER NAME IN THE", "4oumnU82soy-00041-00003516-00003523": "INTERNATIONAL FALLS THAT BOROWICZ ETCHED HER NAME IN THE", "4oumnU82soy-00042-00003523-00003686": "INTERNATIONAL FALLS THAT BOROWICZ ETCHED HER NAME IN THE HISTORY BOOKS, FITTING, GIVEN", "4oumnU82soy-00043-00003686-00003693": "BOROWICZ ETCHED HER NAME IN THE HISTORY BOOKS, FITTING, GIVEN", "4oumnU82soy-00044-00003693-00003837": "BOROWICZ ETCHED HER NAME IN THE HISTORY BOOKS, FITTING, GIVEN THAT SHE ALSO HOLDS THE STATE", "4oumnU82soy-00045-00003837-00003843": "HISTORY BOOKS, FITTING, GIVEN THAT SHE ALSO HOLDS THE STATE", "4oumnU82soy-00046-00003843-00003970": "HISTORY BOOKS, FITTING, GIVEN THAT SHE ALSO HOLDS THE STATE RECORD FOR HIGHEST FREE THROW", "4oumnU82soy-00047-00003970-00003977": "THAT SHE ALSO HOLDS THE STATE RECORD FOR HIGHEST FREE THROW", "4oumnU82soy-00048-00003977-00004160": "THAT SHE ALSO HOLDS THE STATE RECORD FOR HIGHEST FREE THROW PERCENTAGE IN A SEASON.", "4oumnU82soy-00049-00004160-00004167": "RECORD FOR HIGHEST FREE THROW PERCENTAGE IN A SEASON.", "4oumnU82soy-00050-00004167-00004294": "RECORD FOR HIGHEST FREE THROW PERCENTAGE IN A SEASON. SHE SAID SHE WAS NERVOUS, LEGS", "4oumnU82soy-00051-00004294-00004300": "PERCENTAGE IN A SEASON. SHE SAID SHE WAS NERVOUS, LEGS", "4oumnU82soy-00052-00004300-00004457": "PERCENTAGE IN A SEASON. SHE SAID SHE WAS NERVOUS, LEGS SHAKING, BUT ONCE IT WENT IN, IT", "4oumnU82soy-00053-00004457-00004464": "SHE SAID SHE WAS NERVOUS, LEGS SHAKING, BUT ONCE IT WENT IN, IT", "4oumnU82soy-00054-00004464-00004574": "SHE SAID SHE WAS NERVOUS, LEGS SHAKING, BUT ONCE IT WENT IN, IT WAS GREAT TO SEE A BIG GOAL FOR", "4oumnU82soy-00055-00004574-00004581": "SHAKING, BUT ONCE IT WENT IN, IT WAS GREAT TO SEE A BIG GOAL FOR", "4oumnU82soy-00056-00004581-00004751": "SHAKING, BUT ONCE IT WENT IN, IT WAS GREAT TO SEE A BIG GOAL FOR HER FINALLY REALIZED.", "4oumnU82soy-00057-00004751-00004758": "WAS GREAT TO SEE A BIG GOAL FOR HER FINALLY REALIZED.", "4oumnU82soy-00058-00004758-00005045": "WAS GREAT TO SEE A BIG GOAL FOR HER FINALLY REALIZED. >> IT WAS REALLY SPECIAL, JUST", "4oumnU82soy-00059-00005045-00005051": "HER FINALLY REALIZED. >> IT WAS REALLY SPECIAL, JUST", "4oumnU82soy-00060-00005051-00005188": "HER FINALLY REALIZED. >> IT WAS REALLY SPECIAL, JUST SINCE THE RECORD HAS BEEN THERE", "4oumnU82soy-00061-00005188-00005195": ">> IT WAS REALLY SPECIAL, JUST SINCE THE RECORD HAS BEEN THERE", "4oumnU82soy-00062-00005195-00005502": ">> IT WAS REALLY SPECIAL, JUST SINCE THE RECORD HAS BEEN THERE FOR SO LONG AND A LOT OF THESE", "4oumnU82soy-00063-00005502-00005508": "SINCE THE RECORD HAS BEEN THERE FOR SO LONG AND A LOT OF THESE", "4oumnU82soy-00064-00005508-00005775": "SINCE THE RECORD HAS BEEN THERE FOR SO LONG AND A LOT OF THESE PEOPLE THEY SAW MEGANEN SCORE", "4oumnU82soy-00065-00005775-00005782": "FOR SO LONG AND A LOT OF THESE PEOPLE THEY SAW MEGANEN SCORE", "4oumnU82soy-00066-00005782-00005895": "FOR SO LONG AND A LOT OF THESE PEOPLE THEY SAW MEGANEN SCORE HER 3,000th POINT.", "4oumnU82soy-00067-00005895-00005902": "PEOPLE THEY SAW MEGANEN SCORE HER 3,000th POINT.", "4oumnU82soy-00068-00005902-00006039": "PEOPLE THEY SAW MEGANEN SCORE HER 3,000th POINT. IT WAS REALLY COOL TO WATCH THAT", "4oumnU82soy-00069-00006039-00006046": "HER 3,000th POINT. IT WAS REALLY COOL TO WATCH THAT", "4oumnU82soy-00070-00006046-00006219": "HER 3,000th POINT. IT WAS REALLY COOL TO WATCH THAT RECORD GET BROKEN.", "4oumnU82soy-00071-00006219-00006226": "IT WAS REALLY COOL TO WATCH THAT RECORD GET BROKEN.", "4oumnU82soy-00072-00006226-00006296": "IT WAS REALLY COOL TO WATCH THAT RECORD GET BROKEN. >>A.J. Feldman:  SHE SAYS THAT", "4oumnU82soy-00073-00006296-00006302": "RECORD GET BROKEN. >>A.J. Feldman:  SHE SAYS THAT", "4oumnU82soy-00074-00006302-00006366": "RECORD GET BROKEN. >>A.J. Feldman:  SHE SAYS THAT GROWING UP, EVERYONE IN ROSEAU", "4oumnU82soy-00075-00006366-00006373": ">>A.J. Feldman:  SHE SAYS THAT GROWING UP, EVERYONE IN ROSEAU", "4oumnU82soy-00076-00006373-00006473": ">>A.J. Feldman:  SHE SAYS THAT GROWING UP, EVERYONE IN ROSEAU LOOKS UP TO MEGAN TAYLOR, WANTS", "4oumnU82soy-00077-00006473-00006479": "GROWING UP, EVERYONE IN ROSEAU LOOKS UP TO MEGAN TAYLOR, WANTS", "4oumnU82soy-00078-00006479-00006606": "GROWING UP, EVERYONE IN ROSEAU LOOKS UP TO MEGAN TAYLOR, WANTS TO BE LIKE MEGAN TAYLOR AND NOW", "4oumnU82soy-00079-00006606-00006613": "LOOKS UP TO MEGAN TAYLOR, WANTS TO BE LIKE MEGAN TAYLOR AND NOW", "4oumnU82soy-00080-00006613-00006746": "LOOKS UP TO MEGAN TAYLOR, WANTS TO BE LIKE MEGAN TAYLOR AND NOW THAT EVERYONE WILL BE CHASING", "4oumnU82soy-00081-00006746-00006753": "TO BE LIKE MEGAN TAYLOR AND NOW THAT EVERYONE WILL BE CHASING", "4oumnU82soy-00082-00006753-00006920": "TO BE LIKE MEGAN TAYLOR AND NOW THAT EVERYONE WILL BE CHASING HER MARK, SHE'S LOOKING FORWARD", "4oumnU82soy-00083-00006920-00006926": "THAT EVERYONE WILL BE CHASING HER MARK, SHE'S LOOKING FORWARD", "4oumnU82soy-00084-00006926-00007050": "THAT EVERYONE WILL BE CHASING HER MARK, SHE'S LOOKING FORWARD TO SETTING A GREAT EXAMPLE JUST", "4oumnU82soy-00085-00007050-00007056": "HER MARK, SHE'S LOOKING FORWARD TO SETTING A GREAT EXAMPLE JUST", "4oumnU82soy-00086-00007056-00007330": "HER MARK, SHE'S LOOKING FORWARD TO SETTING A GREAT EXAMPLE JUST LIKE TAYLOR DID.", "4oumnU82soy-00087-00007330-00007337": "TO SETTING A GREAT EXAMPLE JUST LIKE TAYLOR DID.", "4oumnU82soy-00088-00007337-00007547": "TO SETTING A GREAT EXAMPLE JUST LIKE TAYLOR DID. >> IT'S A GOOD FEELING.", "4oumnU82soy-00089-00007547-00007554": "LIKE TAYLOR DID. >> IT'S A GOOD FEELING.", "4oumnU82soy-00090-00007554-00007797": "LIKE TAYLOR DID. >> IT'S A GOOD FEELING. LIKE WHEN I WAS YOUNGER, MY MOM", "4oumnU82soy-00091-00007797-00007804": ">> IT'S A GOOD FEELING. LIKE WHEN I WAS YOUNGER, MY MOM", "4oumnU82soy-00092-00007804-00007941": ">> IT'S A GOOD FEELING. LIKE WHEN I WAS YOUNGER, MY MOM WOULD ALWAYS RUN BASKETBALL", "4oumnU82soy-00093-00007941-00007947": "LIKE WHEN I WAS YOUNGER, MY MOM WOULD ALWAYS RUN BASKETBALL", "4oumnU82soy-00094-00007947-00008128": "LIKE WHEN I WAS YOUNGER, MY MOM WOULD ALWAYS RUN BASKETBALL CAMPPS FOR THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL", "4oumnU82soy-00095-00008128-00008134": "WOULD ALWAYS RUN BASKETBALL CAMPPS FOR THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL", "4oumnU82soy-00096-00008134-00008181": "WOULD ALWAYS RUN BASKETBALL CAMPPS FOR THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL KIDS.", "4oumnU82soy-00097-00008181-00008188": "CAMPPS FOR THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL KIDS.", "4oumnU82soy-00098-00008188-00008281": "CAMPPS FOR THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL KIDS. I WOULD ALWAYS HELP OUT WITH", "4oumnU82soy-00099-00008281-00008288": "KIDS. I WOULD ALWAYS HELP OUT WITH", "4oumnU82soy-00100-00008288-00008321": "KIDS. I WOULD ALWAYS HELP OUT WITH THOSE.", "4oumnU82soy-00101-00008321-00008328": "I WOULD ALWAYS HELP OUT WITH THOSE.", "4oumnU82soy-00102-00008328-00008488": "I WOULD ALWAYS HELP OUT WITH THOSE. I JUST WANT TO BE AN INSPIRATION", "4oumnU82soy-00103-00008488-00008495": "THOSE. I JUST WANT TO BE AN INSPIRATION", "4oumnU82soy-00104-00008495-00008732": "THOSE. I JUST WANT TO BE AN INSPIRATION AND MAKE A DIFFERENCE AND LEAVE", "4oumnU82soy-00105-00008732-00008738": "I JUST WANT TO BE AN INSPIRATION AND MAKE A DIFFERENCE AND LEAVE", "4oumnU82soy-00106-00008738-00008918": "I JUST WANT TO BE AN INSPIRATION AND MAKE A DIFFERENCE AND LEAVE A MARK, LEAVE A LEGACY WITH MY", "4oumnU82soy-00107-00008918-00008925": "AND MAKE A DIFFERENCE AND LEAVE A MARK, LEAVE A LEGACY WITH MY", "4oumnU82soy-00108-00008925-00009145": "AND MAKE A DIFFERENCE AND LEAVE A MARK, LEAVE A LEGACY WITH MY TEAMS AND MYSELF AND ROSEAU.", "4oumnU82soy-00109-00009145-00009152": "A MARK, LEAVE A LEGACY WITH MY TEAMS AND MYSELF AND ROSEAU.", "4oumnU82soy-00110-00009152-00009205": "A MARK, LEAVE A LEGACY WITH MY TEAMS AND MYSELF AND ROSEAU. >>A.J. Feldman:  EXPECT TO HEAR"}}, {"audio_id": "4oC-vFmnJjc", "text": {"4oC-vFmnJjc-00000-00000000-00000516": "Now this same phenomena takes places in Churches like this.", "4oC-vFmnJjc-00001-00000524-00000927": "Wherein you will hear something, or think something funny,", "4oC-vFmnJjc-00002-00000927-00001150": "or somebody does something that's funny,", "4oC-vFmnJjc-00003-00001150-00001676": "and it is very inappropriate to laugh at that particular instance!", "4oC-vFmnJjc-00004-00001676-00002032": "And there is no way that you can be appropriate.", "4oC-vFmnJjc-00005-00002032-00002676": "And as much as you try to stifle it, it goes deeper, and deeper, until instead of coming out as a little laugh", "4oC-vFmnJjc-00006-00002680-00002938": "it comes out as a big horrendous sound!", "4oC-vFmnJjc-00007-00002938-00003804": "And everybody looks round in disgust like, “What are you doing in this sacred place?”", "4oC-vFmnJjc-00008-00003804-00004128": "You are laughing God's laughter, is what you're doing", "4oC-vFmnJjc-00009-00004128-00004588": "because it comes out of that place that you just cannot stop.", "4oC-vFmnJjc-00010-00004588-00005398": "It's amazing how in my experience, that when the Holy Spirit", "4oC-vFmnJjc-00011-00005398-00006010": "decides it wants to move in and through the people that are in the Soul.", "4oC-vFmnJjc-00012-00006010-00006894": "One of the greatest signs is this laughter, this giggle, this joy, this effervescence that comes up.", "4oC-vFmnJjc-00013-00006894-00007252": "And we actually walk out of buildings like this", "4oC-vFmnJjc-00014-00007252-00007600": "receiving healings for all sorts of things that have been plaguing us."}}, {"audio_id": "4oF1ixyA5oU", "text": {"4oF1ixyA5oU-00000-00000000-00053632": "©WARXUL. Drums. Be Able To Laze, Subscribe me:"}}, {"audio_id": "4oI9CF-TTRM", "text": {"4oI9CF-TTRM-00000-00000123-00000436": "- NASA LAUNCHES A ROCKET  AT T = 0 SECONDS.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00001-00000436-00000666": "IT'S HEIGHT IN METERS  ABOVE SEA LEVEL", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00002-00000666-00001096": "AS A FUNCTION OF TIME IS GIVEN  BY THE FUNCTION H OF T.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00003-00001096-00001373": "WE WILL ASSUME THE ROCKET WILL  SPLASH DOWN INTO THE OCEAN.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00004-00001373-00001526": "WE WANT TO ANSWER  TWO QUESTIONS.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00005-00001526-00001839": "1. WHAT TIME WILL THE ROCKET  SPLASH INTO THE OCEAN?", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00006-00001839-00002200": "2. HOW HIGH ABOVE SEA LEVEL  WILL THE ROCKET REACH?", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00007-00002200-00002333": "NOW, WE JUST SOLVED  THIS PROBLEM", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00008-00002333-00002496": "USING A GRAPHING CALCULATOR,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00009-00002496-00002603": "BUT NOW WE'RE GOING  TO SOLVE IT", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00010-00002603-00002806": "USING WHAT WE KNOW  ABOUT QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00011-00002806-00003016": "AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00012-00003016-00003166": "SO BEFORE WE SOLVE THIS", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00013-00003166-00003296": "I THINK IT'S GOING TO BE  HELPFUL TO UNDERSTAND", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00014-00003296-00003553": "WHAT'S HAPPENING  IF WE GRAPH THIS FUNCTION.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00015-00003553-00003886": "SO I'VE ALREADY GRAPHED THIS  USING SOME GRAPHING SOFTWARE.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00016-00003886-00004173": "SO OUR X AXIS REPRESENTS  TIME IN SECONDS", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00017-00004173-00004560": "AND OUR Y AXIS REPRESENTS  THE METERS ABOVE SEA LEVEL.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00018-00004560-00004980": "NOTICE AT TIME T = 0 THE  ROCKET WOULD BE RIGHT HERE,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00019-00004980-00005156": "WHICH WOULD BE  THE Y INTERCEPT.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00020-00005156-00005406": "THIS REPRESENTS THE INITIAL  HEIGHT OF THE ROCKET", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00021-00005406-00005916": "AND THEN AS TIME PASSES  THE ROCKET GOES UP,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00022-00005916-00006554": "REACHES A MAXIMUM HEIGHT  HERE AT THE VERTEX", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00023-00006554-00006994": "AND THEN COMES BACK DOWN  TO THE EARTH.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00024-00006994-00007197": "AND WHEN THE HEIGHT REACHES 0", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00025-00007197-00007480": "THAT WOULD BE WHEN THE ROCKET  SPLASHES INTO THE OCEAN,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00026-00007480-00007684": "WHICH WOULD BE THIS POINT HERE", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00027-00007684-00007930": "WHICH WOULD BE  THE X INTERCEPT.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00028-00007930-00008120": "SO TO FIND HOW LONG IT TAKES  FOR THE ROCKET", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00029-00008120-00008720": "TO SPLASH INTO THE OCEAN WE  WANT TO FIND THE X INTERCEPT.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00030-00008720-00008904": "AND TO FIND THE MAXIMUM HEIGHT", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00031-00008904-00009400": "WE WANT TO FIND THE Y  COORDINATES OF THE VERTEX.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00032-00009400-00009730": "SO LET'S GO BACK AND DO THAT.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00033-00009730-00010097": "AGAIN, TO FIND WHEN THE ROCKET  SPLASHES INTO THE OCEAN", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00034-00010097-00010240": "WE KNOW THE HEIGHT  ABOVE SEA LEVEL,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00035-00010240-00010527": "OR H OF T, WOULD BE = TO 0.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00036-00010527-00010770": "SO WE WANT TO SOLVE  THE EQUATION", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00037-00010770-00011990": "0 = -4.9 T SQUARED + 310T  + 332.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00038-00011990-00012254": "WELL, THIS IS NOT A FACTORABLE  QUADRATIC EQUATION,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00039-00012254-00012378": "WHICH MEANS WE'LL HAVE  TO SOLVE IT", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00040-00012378-00012918": "USING THE QUADRATIC FORMULA  GIVEN HERE BELOW.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00041-00012918-00013088": "SO FOR THE FIRST STEP  WE NEED TO RECOGNIZE", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00042-00013088-00013691": "THAT A IS = TO -4.9,  B IS = TO 310,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00043-00013691-00014194": "AND C IS = TO 332.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00044-00014194-00014334": "AGAIN, THIS IS BASED  UPON THE FACT", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00045-00014334-00015274": "THAT WE'RE USING THE FUNCTION  H OF T = AT SQUARED + BT + C.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00046-00015274-00015521": "SO NOW WE'LL SUB THESE  INTO THE QUADRATIC FORMULA", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00047-00015521-00015724": "AND THEN EVALUATE.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00048-00015724-00015908": "SO INSTEAD OF X = WE'LL HAVE", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00049-00015908-00016801": "T = -310 + OR - THE SQUARE  ROOT OF B SQUARED", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00050-00016801-00017531": "OR 310SQUARED - 4 x A,  WHICH IS -4.9 x C,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00051-00017531-00018468": "WHICH IS 332 DIVIDED  BY 2 x A OR 2 x -4.9.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00052-00018468-00018642": "AND WE'LL SIMPLIFY THIS  IN PIECES.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00053-00018642-00019248": "WE'LL HAVE T = -310 + OR -  SQUARE ROOT OF THE VALUE", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00054-00019248-00019515": "OF THIS EXPRESSION HERE,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00055-00019515-00019845": "WHICH IS THE DISCRIMINATE,  WE'LL COME BACK TO THAT,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00056-00019845-00020405": "DIVIDED BY -9.8.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00057-00020405-00020525": "SO NOW WE'LL GO  TO THE CALCULATOR", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00058-00020525-00020688": "TO DETERMINE THE VALUE  OF THE DISCRIMINATE", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00059-00020688-00020898": "OR THIS EXPRESSION HERE.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00060-00020898-00022368": "SO WE HAVE 310SQUARED - 4  x -4.9 x 332.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00061-00022368-00022468": "SO THE DISCRIMINATE", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00062-00022468-00022912": "OR THE NUMBER UNDERNEATH  THE SQUARE ROOT IS 102,607.2.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00063-00023395-00023575": "NOW, NOTICE BECAUSE OF THE  + OR - WE ARE GOING TO HAVE", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00064-00023575-00023715": "2 SOLUTIONS,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00065-00023715-00023986": "BUT REMEMBER T REPRESENTS  THE TIME IN SECONDS", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00066-00023986-00024159": "AND T CAN'T BE NEGATIVE.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00067-00024159-00024326": "SO ONE SOLUTION  IS GOING TO BE NEGATIVE,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00068-00024326-00024439": "WHICH DOESN'T MAKE SENSE,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00069-00024439-00024576": "SO WE'LL EXCLUDE THAT ONE", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00070-00024576-00024806": "AND THEN WE'LL ONLY USE  THE POSITIVE VALUE OF T", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00071-00024806-00024946": "FOR THE TIME", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00072-00024946-00025479": "WHEN THE ROCKET SPLASHES  INTO THE OCEAN.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00073-00025479-00025645": "SO WE'LL PUT THE NUMERATOR  IN PARENTHESIS.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00074-00025645-00026019": "SO WE'LL HAVE  IN PARENTHESIS -310.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00075-00026019-00026966": "LET'S USE + THE SQUARE ROOT  OF OUR DISCRIMINATE.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00076-00026966-00027189": "1 CLOSED PARENTHESIS  FOR THE SQUARE ROOT", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00077-00027189-00027359": "AND ANOTHER ONE  FOR THE NUMERATOR", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00078-00027359-00027992": "AND THEN WE'LL DIVIDE THIS  BY -9.8.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00079-00027992-00028145": "NOTICE HOW THIS VALUE  IS NEGATIVE?", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00080-00028145-00028349": "AND SINCE TIME  CAN'T BE NEGATIVE", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00081-00028349-00028506": "WE'RE GOING TO USE  THE SECOND SOLUTION.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00082-00028506-00028679": "SO WE'RE GOING TO CHANGE  THIS PLUS SIGN HERE", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00083-00028679-00028856": "TO A MINUS SIGN.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00084-00028856-00029126": "WE CAN DO THAT  BY PRESSING SECOND ENTER,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00085-00029126-00029352": "WHICH BRINGS UP  THE PREVIOUS EXPRESSION", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00086-00029352-00029486": "WHERE WE CAN NOW EDIT IT.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00087-00029486-00029776": "SO I'LL CHANGE THIS PLUS SIGN  TO A MINUS SIGN", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00088-00029776-00029956": "AND THEN PRESS ENTER.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00089-00029956-00030396": "SO THE TIME'S GOING TO BE  APPROXIMATELY 64.3 SECONDS.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00090-00030976-00031096": "AND THEN  FOR THE SECOND QUESTION,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00091-00031096-00031276": "TO DETERMINE  HOW HIGH ABOVE SEA LEVEL", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00092-00031276-00031413": "THE ROCKET WILL REACH", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00093-00031413-00031723": "WE'LL HAVE TO FIND THE VERTEX  OF OUR PARABOLA", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00094-00031723-00031883": "OR THE X COORDINATE  OR T COORDINATE", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00095-00031883-00032189": "IN THIS CASE IS -B/2A", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00096-00032189-00032486": "AND THE Y COORDINATE  WOULD BE THE FUNCTION VALUE", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00097-00032486-00032770": "WHEN T IS = TO -B/2A.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00098-00032770-00032890": "SO THE FIRST STEP,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00099-00032890-00033286": "WE NEED TO DETERMINE THE  X COORDINATE OF OUR VERTEX,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00100-00033286-00033693": "WHICH IS GOING TO BE  = TO -B/2A.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00101-00033693-00034726": "SO WE'LL HAVE -310  DIVIDED BY 2 x -4.9.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00102-00034726-00035183": "WE'LL DO THIS  ON THE CALCULATOR.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00103-00035183-00036037": "WE DO NEED PARENTHESIS AROUND  THIS PRODUCT SO 2 x -4.9.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00104-00036037-00036767": "SO WE'LL SAY  IT'S APPROXIMATELY 31.63.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00105-00036767-00036997": "AGAIN, THIS IS THE TIME IT  TAKES TO REACH THE HIGH POINT", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00106-00036997-00037127": "ABOVE SEA LEVEL,", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00107-00037127-00037360": "BUT THE QUESTION IS WHAT  IS THE FUNCTION VALUE", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00108-00037360-00037560": "OR WHAT IS THE HEIGHT  ABOVE SEA LEVEL?", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00109-00037560-00038127": "SO OUR ULTIMATE GOAL  IS TO FIND H OF 31.63.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00110-00038127-00038587": "SO WE'RE GOING TO SUBSTITUTE  31.63 FOR T IN OUR FUNCTION", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00111-00039727-00040210": "AND THIS WILL GIVE US  OUR MAXIMUM HEIGHT.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00112-00040450-00040800": "SO WE'LL GO BACK TO  THE CALCULATOR ONE MORE TIME", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00113-00040800-00041290": "AND DETERMINE  THIS FUNCTION VALUE.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00114-00043181-00043384": "SO THE MAXIMUM HEIGHT  IS GOING TO BE APPROXIMATELY", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00115-00043384-00043948": "5,235.1 METERS  ABOVE SEA LEVEL.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00116-00044804-00044931": "OKAY, SO I THINK  WE'RE DONE NOW.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00117-00044931-00045118": "WE'VE ANSWERED BOTH QUESTIONS.", "4oI9CF-TTRM-00118-00045118-00045248": "I HOPE YOU FOUND THIS HELPFUL."}}, {"audio_id": "4oLPSy2fw6u", "text": {"4oLPSy2fw6u-00000-00000001-00000202": "(male narrator) In Part 1 of this video,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00001-00000202-00000501": "we began looking at revenue problems.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00002-00000501-00000802": "We set up an equation to solve this problem", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00003-00000802-00001200": "regarding the college students buying a couch for $80.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00004-00001200-00001603": "We ended up with this equation, which we're now going to solve.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00005-00001603-00001803": "We can solve this rational expression", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00006-00001803-00002003": "by finding the least common denominator", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00007-00002003-00002600": "of n, times n, minus 5; and multiplying each term,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00008-00002600-00003005": "including the 8, by n, n minus 5.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00009-00003203-00003803": "When we do, the n's divide out, and we get 80, times n, minus 5,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00010-00003803-00004309": "plus 8n, times n, minus 5, equals--", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00011-00004309-00004706": "with the n minus 5s dividing out--80n.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00012-00005002-00005105": "Continuing to solve,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00013-00005105-00005400": "we'll distribute through the parentheses,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00014-00005400-00006100": "giving us 80n, minus 400, plus 8n squared,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00015-00006100-00006507": "minus 40n, equals 80n.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00016-00006803-00007204": "Notice, we have 80n on both sides of this equation.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00017-00007204-00007401": "That's going to be convenient,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00018-00007401-00007801": "because we can quickly subtract 80n from both sides,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00019-00007801-00008103": "and those will subtract out.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00020-00008103-00008500": "Keeping everything in order, we have 8n squared,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00021-00008500-00009007": "minus 40n, minus 400 left, equals 0.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00022-00009204-00009609": "Start by factoring out the greatest common factor of 8,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00023-00009609-00010309": "leaves us with n squared, minus 5n, minus 50, equals 0.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00024-00010500-00010605": "We can continue factoring", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00025-00010605-00011300": "to n minus 10, n plus 5, equals 0.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00026-00011300-00011700": "To solve, we simply have to set each factor equal to 0:", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00027-00011700-00012205": "n minus 10, equals 0; and n plus 5, equals 0.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00028-00012205-00012604": "Adding 10 to both sides gives us n equals 10,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00029-00012604-00012900": "and subtracting 5 from both sides", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00030-00012900-00013108": "gives us n equals -5.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00031-00013108-00013404": "If you recall from the previous video,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00032-00013404-00013608": "n represents the number of college students", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00033-00013608-00013900": "who agreed to buy the couch.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00034-00013900-00014107": "We couldn't have a negative number of students,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00035-00014107-00014404": "so we have to cross the -5 out.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00036-00014404-00014901": "There must have been ten students in the original group.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00037-00014901-00015204": "The second problem we set up, we had a merchant", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00038-00015204-00015508": "buying pieces of silk and selling them at a profit.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00039-00015508-00015907": "We ended up with this equation, which we can now solve", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00040-00015907-00016200": "by identifying the least common denominator:", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00041-00016200-00016503": "being n, times n, minus 2.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00042-00016503-00016903": "And we can multiply each term by n, n minus 2...", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00043-00017100-00017206": "including the 4.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00044-00017402-00017609": "When we do this, the n's divide out,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00045-00017609-00018208": "and we're left with 70, times n, minus 2, plus 4n,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00046-00018208-00018605": "times n, minus 2, equals--", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00047-00018605-00019000": "the n minus 2s divide out--88n.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00048-00019207-00019509": "Next, we can distribute through the parentheses,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00049-00019509-00020305": "which will give us 70n, minus 140, plus 4n squared,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00050-00020305-00020805": "minus 8n, equals 88n.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00051-00020805-00021102": "We can combine like terms on the n's", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00052-00021102-00021209": "and put things in order", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00053-00021209-00022005": "to get 4n squared, plus 62n, minus 140, equals 88n.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00054-00022206-00022405": "Subtracting 88n from both sides", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00055-00022405-00022702": "will make the equation equal to 0", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00056-00022702-00023000": "to give us a form we can solve:", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00057-00023000-00024201": "4n squared, minus 26n, minus 140, equals 0.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00058-00024201-00024601": "We can now start factoring by pulling out the GCF of 2", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00059-00024601-00025008": "to get 2n squared, minus 13n, minus 70;", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00060-00025008-00025302": "and either use the quadratic formula", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00061-00025302-00025406": "or continue factoring", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00062-00025406-00026103": "to 2n, plus 7, times n, minus 10, equals 0.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00063-00026103-00026403": "We can now set each factor equal to 0:", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00064-00026403-00026805": "2n, plus 7, equals 0; and n, minus 10, equals 0.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00065-00026805-00027001": "And solve these equations", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00066-00027001-00027500": "by subtracting 7 and dividing by 2", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00067-00027500-00027706": "to get n equals -7/2,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00068-00027706-00028008": "or simply adding 10 to the other equation", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00069-00028008-00028208": "to get n equals 10.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00070-00028208-00028403": "You may remember this", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00071-00028403-00028705": "is the number of pieces of silk the merchant bought.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00072-00028705-00028907": "He couldn't have bought a negative amount,", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00073-00028907-00029209": "so he must have bought ten pieces of silk.", "4oLPSy2fw6u-00074-00029209-00029504": "And this completes the problem."}}, {"audio_id": "4oPwK_gQrf4", "text": {"4oPwK_gQrf4-00000-00000110-00000273": "(I pretend to be lying when he comes back)", "4oPwK_gQrf4-00001-00000577-00000686": "Long", "4oPwK_gQrf4-00002-00001389-00001465": "Sho-chan?", "4oPwK_gQrf4-00003-00001465-00001594": "Sho-chan?", "4oPwK_gQrf4-00004-00001753-00001840": "What are you doing?", "4oPwK_gQrf4-00005-00001840-00001947": "What are you doing?", "4oPwK_gQrf4-00006-00001947-00002038": "Get up now", "4oPwK_gQrf4-00007-00002038-00002252": "You'll get a cold if you are lying here", "4oPwK_gQrf4-00008-00002252-00002448": "I know you're smiling", "4oPwK_gQrf4-00009-00002604-00002701": "What?", "4oPwK_gQrf4-00010-00002701-00002893": "You were supposed to get surprised", "4oPwK_gQrf4-00011-00002893-00002943": "What!?", "4oPwK_gQrf4-00012-00002979-00003058": "Sho-chan!?", "4oPwK_gQrf4-00013-00003058-00003176": "Sho-chan!!", "4oPwK_gQrf4-00014-00003176-00003273": "Are you OK?", "4oPwK_gQrf4-00015-00003273-00003362": "OK, that's enough"}}, {"audio_id": "4oUEZxhjjt4", "text": {"4oUEZxhjjt4-00000-00000702-00001318": "Sunset Toulon - March 13, 2020", "4oUEZxhjjt4-00001-00111142-00112344": "Thank you for this pure moment of serenity", "4oUEZxhjjt4-00002-00112954-00114538": "Beautiful evening in Toulon by David Grossine"}}, {"audio_id": "40pEiHPegk0", "text": {"40pEiHPegk0-00000-00000675-00002911": "Insert - chart its help you to visualize  data sets"}}, {"audio_id": "40rLGwZDv5A", "text": {"40rLGwZDv5A-00000-00000000-00016861": "(FREE FOR PROFIT) Lofi Type Beat - REPLAY 📼", "40rLGwZDv5A-00001-00016862-00019656": "🌐 Visit our website and receive 20% off Promo Code 🌐 www.slavicboys.com"}}, {"audio_id": "40t9U2AtICo", "text": {"40t9U2AtICo-00000-00000000-00000333": "What's going to happen is, it's gonna get you leaner, it's gonna get you more athletic", "40t9U2AtICo-00001-00000333-00000656": "it's basically going to get you to your goal faster and the bottom line is, it's", "40t9U2AtICo-00002-00000656-00000914": "the most important aspect of your training", "40t9U2AtICo-00003-00001366-00001604": "Hey guys it's Matt from Macro Lean Method and today I want to talk about the", "40t9U2AtICo-00004-00001604-00001901": "importance of strength and resistance training and how that relates to fat", "40t9U2AtICo-00005-00001901-00002249": "loss, because you need a healthy amount of muscle to burn fat", "40t9U2AtICo-00006-00002249-00002564": "so the optimal way to burn fat is to build muscle through strength and resistance", "40t9U2AtICo-00007-00002564-00002939": "training.  All too often when I speak to new clients either male or female", "40t9U2AtICo-00008-00002939-00003259": "I hear the same thing and they're worried about getting too big and too", "40t9U2AtICo-00009-00003259-00003614": "bulky and too muscular and I want to say that's not gonna happen, not in a million", "40t9U2AtICo-00010-00003614-00004094": "years.  First off you need to be taking steroids, hormones, injecting a whole", "40t9U2AtICo-00011-00004094-00004303": "host of illegal things, which you won't be doing", "40t9U2AtICo-00012-00004303-00004691": "you have to be eating way over your calorie maintenance.  I mean thousands of", "40t9U2AtICo-00013-00004691-00004977": "thousands of calories more than you actually need and you need to be lifting", "40t9U2AtICo-00014-00004978-00005453": "weights two or three hours a day five, six, maybe even seven days a week", "40t9U2AtICo-00015-00005453-00005735": "so as you're not gonna be doing that it's gonna be impossible to look like", "40t9U2AtICo-00016-00005860-00005956": "this but to look like this", "40t9U2AtICo-00017-00005957-00006314": "you're going to need to have a decent amount of lean muscle mass.  By adding in", "40t9U2AtICo-00018-00006314-00006713": "a few resistance of strength sessions and thinking you have big and bulky it's", "40t9U2AtICo-00019-00006713-00007123": "kind of along the same lines of thinking if you went to a financial advisor and", "40t9U2AtICo-00020-00007123-00007364": "you gave them a small amount of money and said I want to invest this amount", "40t9U2AtICo-00021-00007364-00007553": "but I don't become a billionaire", "40t9U2AtICo-00022-00007553-00007936": "don't worry you won't.  What's gonna happen is, it's gonna get you leaner, it's gonna get you more", "40t9U2AtICo-00023-00007936-00008003": "athletic", "40t9U2AtICo-00024-00008003-00008329": "it's basically going to get you to your goal faster and the bottom line is, it's", "40t9U2AtICo-00025-00008329-00008507": "the most important aspect of your training", "40t9U2AtICo-00026-00008507-00008906": "many people think by doing cardio and only cardio whether that's go slow long", "40t9U2AtICo-00027-00008906-00009347": "long runs or long swims or lots of interval training that's the best way to", "40t9U2AtICo-00028-00009347-00009715": "burn fat.  But actually too much cardio is going to be very detrimental to you, it's very", "40t9U2AtICo-00029-00009715-00009917": "taxing on the central nervous system", "40t9U2AtICo-00030-00009917-00010147": "if you're not taking them adequate amount of protein you're going to burn", "40t9U2AtICo-00031-00010147-00010553": "through muscle.  So even if you don't want to add any muscle, doing weights and", "40t9U2AtICo-00032-00010553-00010928": "resistance training will maintain the current muscle mass you have while you", "40t9U2AtICo-00033-00010928-00011264": "drop body fat.  If you drop a bunch of muscle and fat", "40t9U2AtICo-00034-00011264-00011588": "you're going to look rubbish, you're going to look skinny fat, you want that muscle tone you want", "40t9U2AtICo-00035-00011588-00011986": "that shape to give you that athletic that lean body and that's the look we're", "40t9U2AtICo-00036-00011986-00012210": "going for we're not going for the skinny fat look", "40t9U2AtICo-00037-00012210-00012717": "or the marathon runner look, which has skinny arms and legs and a podge belly.", "40t9U2AtICo-00038-00012717-00013013": "Look at any athletes that have strength as part of their program they have low body", "40t9U2AtICo-00039-00013013-00013302": "fat, they have a great shape, they have a very athletic body and that's what we're", "40t9U2AtICo-00040-00013302-00013629": "after.  Another great side effect of doing strength training is the release of", "40t9U2AtICo-00041-00013629-00013827": "human growth hormone.  Why do we want that?", "40t9U2AtICo-00042-00013827-00014097": "Well there's loads of positive side effects.  It's going to help you maintain", "40t9U2AtICo-00043-00014097-00014526": "muscle mass,  it's going to help you burn fat, recover faster from workouts, more", "40t9U2AtICo-00044-00014526-00014931": "robust immune system.  It's going to help you feel a lot younger, look younger", "40t9U2AtICo-00045-00014931-00015266": "I mean we want to have human growth hormone want to elevate those levels in", "40t9U2AtICo-00046-00015266-00015473": "our body if we can, the natural way", "40t9U2AtICo-00047-00015473-00015698": "so we're doing strength training is going to help with that.  So when you're", "40t9U2AtICo-00048-00015698-00015984": "doing weight training and resistance training and you feel that burn in the", "40t9U2AtICo-00049-00015984-00016311": "muscle that's lactic acid and when lactic acid is produced, so is human growth", "40t9U2AtICo-00050-00016311-00016380": "hormone", "40t9U2AtICo-00051-00016380-00016650": "so to get the maximum production growth hormone, we have to lift weights, we have", "40t9U2AtICo-00052-00016650-00016998": "to do resistance training as simple as that.  So the bottom line is doing", "40t9U2AtICo-00053-00016998-00017286": "strength training and resistance training hand in hand with tracking", "40t9U2AtICo-00054-00017286-00017729": "macros in a calorie deficit is the most effective and fast way to drop body fat to", "40t9U2AtICo-00055-00017729-00018111": "get lean.  So on your quest to get lean do not disregard doing resistance work, do not", "40t9U2AtICo-00056-00018111-00018387": "disregard strength training is one of the most powerful tools at your disposal", "40t9U2AtICo-00057-00018387-00018843": "and everyone should be doing it male or female young or old.  So I hope you enjoyed", "40t9U2AtICo-00058-00018843-00019179": "that video guys like, share, subscribe to the channel for loads more exciting stuff", "40t9U2AtICo-00059-00019179-00019479": "to come.  Keep lifting those weights, keep tracking those macs!!"}}, {"audio_id": "40OVfGyTY2u", "text": {"40OVfGyTY2u-00000-00000088-00000531": "Hi everybody my name is Emily Ford and I’m the Urban & Public Affairs Librarian here", "40OVfGyTY2u-00001-00000531-00000688": "at Portland State University.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00002-00000688-00001074": "I‘m really sorry I can’t be here with you today, I’m on vacation.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00003-00001074-00001896": "But I’m here with you virtually, so I wanted to welcome you.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00004-00001896-00002334": "In my role at PSU as the Urban & Public Affairs Librarian I do a variety of things.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00005-00002334-00002773": "I work mostly with people in CUPA, the College of Urban & Public Affairs.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00006-00002773-00003409": "So that includes Political Science, Criminology & Criminal Justice, Urban Studies & Planning,", "40OVfGyTY2u-00007-00003409-00003647": "Community Health, and Public Administration.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00008-00003647-00004136": "I work with all of the students, faculty, and I also work with Research Centers and", "40OVfGyTY2u-00009-00004136-00004400": "Institutes within the CUPA umbrella.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00010-00004400-00005100": "So I work with a lot of people, and if we’ve met before and you see me, say hi.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00011-00005100-00005538": "I may not know who you are so please tell me how I know you and I would love to say", "40OVfGyTY2u-00012-00005538-00005674": "hi back.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00013-00005674-00006260": "True story, somebody came up to me in yoga class the other day, so no place is too weird", "40OVfGyTY2u-00014-00006260-00006483": "for you to say hello.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00015-00006483-00006884": "I’ve even had students who’ve watched recordings of me at orientation say hello", "40OVfGyTY2u-00016-00006884-00007302": "to me even though I’d never met them and I always really appreciate that.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00017-00007302-00007900": "One of the things I really love about my job is connecting with students so please please", "40OVfGyTY2u-00018-00007900-00008113": "say hi.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00019-00008113-00008450": "Today I want to talk about three different areas.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00020-00008450-00009029": "One, are the three things I want you to know at the end of me talking at you on this video.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00021-00009029-00009421": "And then I’ll be talking about library services and I’ll be talking about some of our research", "40OVfGyTY2u-00022-00009421-00009521": "sources.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00023-00009521-00009753": "Again I really only want you to know the first three things.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00024-00009753-00010214": "The rest is like the gravy on top of your breakfast biscuit.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00025-00010214-00010335": "So.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00026-00010335-00010495": "What are those three things?", "40OVfGyTY2u-00027-00010495-00010953": "First, I want you to know that no one expects you to be an expert.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00028-00010953-00011300": "You’re a student and you don’t have to have all of the answers.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00029-00011300-00011899": "So that being said, if it takes you more than 15 minutes to figure something out, ask somebody.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00030-00011899-00012167": "Don’t perform an exercise in frustration.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00031-00012167-00012639": "We’re all busy, and I bet if you ask somebody they might be able to point you in the right", "40OVfGyTY2u-00032-00012639-00012739": "direction.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00033-00012739-00013113": "That goes for research, that goes for something in your class, etc.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00034-00013113-00013366": "Just make efficient use of your time.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00035-00013366-00013783": "Second, never pay for anything related to your research.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00036-00013783-00014228": "Particularly if you’re looking for journal articles, or newspaper articles or something", "40OVfGyTY2u-00037-00014228-00014758": "like that you might what we call a “paywall” where you’re being asked to pay $40 to access", "40OVfGyTY2u-00038-00014758-00014858": "an article.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00039-00014858-00015225": "Don’t do that because as students you’re paying tuition and fees, and there are ways", "40OVfGyTY2u-00040-00015225-00015566": "for the library to be able to get you the resources you need.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00041-00015566-00015696": "So don’t pay it.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00042-00015696-00016183": "You’re a student, you’re paying for school, we should get it for you.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00043-00016183-00016601": "And then finally the third major thing that I’d like for you to know is how to get a", "40OVfGyTY2u-00044-00016601-00016820": "hold of me and how to ask the library for help.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00045-00016820-00017223": "I’ll put something up on this video that has the information and there should be information", "40OVfGyTY2u-00046-00017223-00017526": "on your hand out with that information.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00047-00017526-00017854": "So now on to library services.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00048-00017854-00018161": "The library has stuff that libraries, have, right?", "40OVfGyTY2u-00049-00018161-00018552": "And probably more stuff than you might not have even considered a library having.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00050-00018552-00018744": "You know, we have a coffee cart in the library.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00051-00018744-00019198": "We have collaborative work spaces, we have books, we have journals, we have newspapers,", "40OVfGyTY2u-00052-00019198-00019746": "we have music scores, so if you’re like me and you want to get back into being a musician", "40OVfGyTY2u-00053-00019746-00020425": "and check out some scores or duets or whatever you want and have at it.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00054-00020425-00020759": "Also, a lot of you are working.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00055-00020759-00020911": "Probably full time, or more.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00056-00020911-00021131": "And you might have families, so you have a lot going on in your lives.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00057-00021131-00021532": "So you don’t physically have to be on campus to access all of the things that the library", "40OVfGyTY2u-00058-00021532-00021756": "has for you.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00059-00021756-00022198": "Just know that you can access stuff with your ODIN username and password.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00060-00022198-00022828": "So typically you should be able to get almost everything that you need.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00061-00022828-00023328": "Students who live more than 30 miles from campus qualify as distance students for the", "40OVfGyTY2u-00062-00023328-00023428": "Portland State Library.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00063-00023428-00023984": "And what that means for you is that we can physically mail you books and resources to", "40OVfGyTY2u-00064-00023984-00024103": "your home.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00065-00024103-00024548": "So if you live more than 30 miles away be sure and register with us that way and there’s", "40OVfGyTY2u-00066-00024548-00024913": "information again on our website, and on your handout for that.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00067-00024913-00025420": "And then finally I want to impress upon you that the PSU Library is not all that you can", "40OVfGyTY2u-00068-00025420-00025648": "get in terms of library materials.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00069-00025648-00026363": "We’re part of a consortium of Summit libraries in the Northwest and we can get you books", "40OVfGyTY2u-00070-00026363-00027110": "and materials from Reed, Lewis & Clark, UW, Oregon State, so 37 academic libraries in", "40OVfGyTY2u-00071-00027110-00027235": "the Northwest.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00072-00027235-00027810": "Actually if you live close to a library that’s in our Alliance, then you could also go check", "40OVfGyTY2u-00073-00027810-00028370": "out materials physically at that library as well with your PSU ID.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00074-00028370-00029088": "And then finally be sure to know that you can ask us anything via a web form, 24/7 chat,", "40OVfGyTY2u-00075-00029088-00029581": "email, phone, there are all sorts of ways to get a hold of us.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00076-00029581-00030116": "So finally I just want to highlight some research resources that may be helpful to you down", "40OVfGyTY2u-00077-00030116-00030324": "your path as a student.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00078-00030324-00030816": "On our website you’ll find links to the library catalog, that search box on our home", "40OVfGyTY2u-00079-00030816-00031107": "page searches the catalog.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00080-00031107-00032766": "We have subject guides that are organized by the political and the", "40OVfGyTY2u-00081-00032766-00033188": "disciplinary subjects taught at PSU.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00082-00033188-00033898": "And we also have databases for you to be doing research on any variety of things.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00083-00033898-00034561": "They might contain articles, conference proceedings, but also things like the Congressional Record,", "40OVfGyTY2u-00084-00034561-00034812": "government documents, and things like that.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00085-00034812-00035309": "So it was really wonderful to meet you all via this video and I look forward to meeting", "40OVfGyTY2u-00086-00035309-00035409": "you again.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00087-00035409-00035723": "I’ll see you in your research methods class.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00088-00035723-00036059": "Between now and then feel free to make an appointment with me, send me an email and", "40OVfGyTY2u-00089-00036059-00036159": "say hi.", "40OVfGyTY2u-00090-00036159-00036211": "Good luck!"}}, {"audio_id": "41dDjk66U0g", "text": {"41dDjk66U0g-00000-00000072-00000248": "Hey there Psych2Go fans.", "41dDjk66U0g-00001-00000248-00000608": "We're back to help you understand everyday psychology better.", "41dDjk66U0g-00002-00000722-00001078": "Trauma is often the result of an overwhelming amount of stress", "41dDjk66U0g-00003-00001078-00001350": "from a situation that exceeds one's ability to cope.", "41dDjk66U0g-00004-00001398-00001973": "Such as the death of a loved one, the end of a meaningful relationship, or the rejection of a loved one.", "41dDjk66U0g-00005-00002044-00002374": "Do you pretend that everything's good, when it really isn't?", "41dDjk66U0g-00006-00002444-00002800": "When you don't have a positive and healthy way of dealing with your trauma,", "41dDjk66U0g-00007-00002800-00003024": "you end up repressing your negative emotions.", "41dDjk66U0g-00008-00003088-00003518": "It can be hard to recognize unresolved trauma on the surface, especially within ourselves.", "41dDjk66U0g-00009-00003552-00004006": "So, here are nine signs: You're still suffering from unhealed trauma.", "41dDjk66U0g-00010-00004078-00004358": "1: You resist positive change", "41dDjk66U0g-00011-00004424-00004852": "When something good comes into your life, is your first instinct to be suspicious of it?", "41dDjk66U0g-00012-00004920-00005168": "You have an innate feeling of shame or guilt", "41dDjk66U0g-00013-00005168-00005564": "whenever you allow yourself to grow attached to someone or celebrate your own success?", "41dDjk66U0g-00014-00005640-00005968": "If so, you might be carrying unresolved trauma within you.", "41dDjk66U0g-00015-00006046-00006466": "You have a hard time accepting positive change and may even try to resist it at first,", "41dDjk66U0g-00016-00006508-00006856": "because deep down inside, you feel like you don't deserve to be happy.", "41dDjk66U0g-00017-00006920-00007209": "2: You need to plan for everything", "41dDjk66U0g-00018-00007292-00007542": "Do you have a need to stay completely in control?", "41dDjk66U0g-00019-00007552-00007876": "Do you feel frustrated and lost whenever things don't go the way you expect?", "41dDjk66U0g-00020-00007922-00008502": "Your need for control is most likely rooted in a traumatic experience that left you feeling helpless and vulnerable.", "41dDjk66U0g-00021-00008582-00009056": "As a result, you micromanage everything and worry about the things that are out of your control.", "41dDjk66U0g-00022-00009108-00009586": "This shows that you have a deep-seated distrust in both yourself and the world in general.", "41dDjk66U0g-00023-00009672-00009948": "3: You have a strong fear of failure", "41dDjk66U0g-00024-00010046-00010308": "Being afraid of failure is a normal part of human nature.", "41dDjk66U0g-00025-00010332-00010886": "However, a strong fear of failure can be unhealthy if it starts to outweigh your motivation to succeed.", "41dDjk66U0g-00026-00010928-00011458": "Not only do you miss out on a lot of opportunities and stifle your creativity and ambition because of it,", "41dDjk66U0g-00027-00011504-00011782": "but it can also lead to perfectionism and insecurity.", "41dDjk66U0g-00028-00011846-00012346": "It might be instilled in you by unresolved trauma that causes you to have a negative belief in yourself", "41dDjk66U0g-00029-00012346-00012546": "and internalize your shortcomings.", "41dDjk66U0g-00030-00012634-00012896": "4: You have a strong fear of success", "41dDjk66U0g-00031-00012991-00013430": "Alternately, repressed trauma can also manifest through a strong fear of success.", "41dDjk66U0g-00032-00013497-00014028": "Did you ever hold yourself back from getting something you wanted not because you feared you might not get it", "41dDjk66U0g-00033-00014028-00014258": "But because you feared what would happen when you did?", "41dDjk66U0g-00034-00014322-00014612": "You're afraid of losing what you'll have even before you achieve it.", "41dDjk66U0g-00035-00014678-00015036": "The tendency to unconsciously sabotage your own chances of success,", "41dDjk66U0g-00036-00015060-00015556": "is often associated with those who were abandoned or lost a loved one at a young age.", "41dDjk66U0g-00037-00015658-00015916": "5: You have difficulty concentrating", "41dDjk66U0g-00038-00015997-00016250": "Trauma has a lot of damaging psychological effects", "41dDjk66U0g-00039-00016250-00016616": "and it's not uncommon for victims to suddenly have difficulty concentrating.", "41dDjk66U0g-00040-00016648-00017198": "If you've been having gaps in your memory, blacking out often, and finding it hard to keep your train of thought,", "41dDjk66U0g-00041-00017226-00017702": "it might be your mind crying out to you for help asking you to work through your trauma.", "41dDjk66U0g-00042-00017794-00018084": "6: You have trouble asking for help", "41dDjk66U0g-00043-00018156-00018434": "Do you have trouble opening up to others about what happened to you?", "41dDjk66U0g-00044-00018482-00018982": "If you've experienced some form of abuse or mistreatment, you usually struggle with asking for help.", "41dDjk66U0g-00045-00019030-00019390": "You'd rather suffer in silence because you're too afraid to reach out to someone else.", "41dDjk66U0g-00046-00019440-00019872": "You don't want to be rejected, denied, judged, or seen as weak by those around you.", "41dDjk66U0g-00047-00019960-00020296": "7: You often hurt yourself or others", "41dDjk66U0g-00048-00020374-00020742": "You lash out at other people when you're experiencing intense emotions?", "41dDjk66U0g-00049-00020776-00021210": "You push your loved ones away and isolate yourself whenever you have to deal with a problem?", "41dDjk66U0g-00050-00021262-00021486": "If you're still hurting from unhealed trauma,", "41dDjk66U0g-00051-00021518-00021940": "there are times when you might end up taking it out on yourself or those you care about.", "41dDjk66U0g-00052-00021986-00022362": "You become emotionally volatile, out of control, and overly sensitive.", "41dDjk66U0g-00053-00022380-00022800": "You lose your temper, break things, and may even resort to self-harm.", "41dDjk66U0g-00054-00022888-00022938": "8: You struggle with low self-esteem", "41dDjk66U0g-00055-00022938-00023490": "There are a lot of ways trauma can skew your self-image,", "41dDjk66U0g-00056-00023492-00023794": "especially if it's rooted in your early childhood experiences.", "41dDjk66U0g-00057-00023834-00024300": "Abuse, abandonment, and neglect can all lead you to question your own self-worth.", "41dDjk66U0g-00058-00024360-00024822": "You struggle to feel good about yourself if the abuse was inflicted upon you by someone you loved.", "41dDjk66U0g-00059-00024902-00025464": "Studies have shown that patients with PTSD often suffer from low self-esteem and feelings of worthlessness.", "41dDjk66U0g-00060-00025544-00025895": "and 9: You have unexplained psychological symptoms", "41dDjk66U0g-00061-00025974-00026206": "Do you feel more anxious and panicky than before?", "41dDjk66U0g-00062-00026238-00026630": "Do you find it hard to feel happy or find pleasure in the things you used to enjoy?", "41dDjk66U0g-00063-00026666-00026945": "Have you lost your appetite or have trouble sleeping while at night?", "41dDjk66U0g-00064-00027026-00027295": "According to research; anxiety, depression,", "41dDjk66U0g-00065-00027306-00027689": "disassociation, depersonalization, panic attacks,", "41dDjk66U0g-00066-00027710-00028286": "frequent flashbacks, nightmares, and emotional distress are all common in patients with PTSD.", "41dDjk66U0g-00067-00028333-00028760": "Have you or someone you love ever experienced a traumatic situation?", "41dDjk66U0g-00068-00028808-00029032": "If so, how do you plan to overcome it?", "41dDjk66U0g-00069-00029080-00029356": "If you're still suffering from any lingering psychological trauma,", "41dDjk66U0g-00070-00029356-00029722": "it's important that you reach out to a mental health care professional today", "41dDjk66U0g-00071-00029722-00029900": "and get the help you need to get better.", "41dDjk66U0g-00072-00029954-00030139": "Healing from trauma takes time and effort,", "41dDjk66U0g-00073-00030166-00030736": "but it's worth it, and it's necessary in order to truly move forward in life and find some peace of mind.", "41dDjk66U0g-00074-00030804-00031068": "Please do share this with those you think might benefit from it.", "41dDjk66U0g-00075-00031086-00031286": "Stay tuned and thanks for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "413d45Lw6Ak", "text": {"413d45Lw6Ak-00000-00000028-00000222": "Like and Subscribe", "413d45Lw6Ak-00001-00000672-00001019": "Please Alarm settings", "413d45Lw6Ak-00002-00001210-00001340": "GO-STOP Mission!", "413d45Lw6Ak-00003-00001340-00001490": "It will probably come?", "413d45Lw6Ak-00004-00001544-00001982": "If Top 10, 300 Balloon!! Go or Stop If win, 1000 Ballon! But, If failure  0 Ballon", "413d45Lw6Ak-00005-00002084-00002284": "one.. two..", "413d45Lw6Ak-00006-00002386-00002584": "one two three four (a nearby enemy 4)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00007-00002608-00002738": "one next to me", "413d45Lw6Ak-00008-00002738-00002864": "Go to the warehouse,", "413d45Lw6Ak-00009-00002864-00002930": "I will kill you!", "413d45Lw6Ak-00010-00002930-00002980": "Follow!", "413d45Lw6Ak-00011-00003240-00003370": "Gun x4", "413d45Lw6Ak-00012-00003370-00003510": "Vector", "413d45Lw6Ak-00013-00003688-00003888": "Sound of footstep the house in front!", "413d45Lw6Ak-00014-00004744-00004920": "(Outside..?)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00015-00004920-00005140": "why he run away?he had a gun", "413d45Lw6Ak-00016-00005624-00005780": "Super low energy~!", "413d45Lw6Ak-00017-00006500-00006700": "Oh?.. I have no bullets", "413d45Lw6Ak-00018-00006720-00006842": "(If she had fought,It's going to be a big deal.....)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00019-00006842-00007026": "I thought that i have bullets.", "413d45Lw6Ak-00020-00007026-00007176": "he run away because he had a M16A4", "413d45Lw6Ak-00021-00007176-00007422": "M16A4 should not trusted.", "413d45Lw6Ak-00022-00007834-00007950": "I have to go!", "413d45Lw6Ak-00023-00007950-00008042": "(Talented sister is coming)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00024-00008042-00008154": "Enemy got him.Vector", "413d45Lw6Ak-00025-00008154-00008250": "He have a vector, be careful", "413d45Lw6Ak-00026-00008898-00009004": "Nice~", "413d45Lw6Ak-00027-00009004-00009102": "Subscribe!", "413d45Lw6Ak-00028-00009530-00009730": "um? I guess kill log appeared?", "413d45Lw6Ak-00029-00010608-00010774": "Is it for real?", "413d45Lw6Ak-00030-00010976-00011176": "Groza get!", "413d45Lw6Ak-00031-00011310-00011464": "(Which one do you like better? AK? Groza?)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00032-00011464-00011750": "um...personally, I like more AK than Groza.", "413d45Lw6Ak-00033-00011762-00012066": "When i shoot gun,I know what it feels like the gun recoil", "413d45Lw6Ak-00034-00012090-00012314": "I havent use much Groza,so feel awkward", "413d45Lw6Ak-00035-00012470-00012670": "I feet it, red dot is placed on more high.", "413d45Lw6Ak-00036-00012722-00012966": "Just.. Sometimes, Gun recoil not fit?", "413d45Lw6Ak-00037-00013002-00013247": "I think it's because I haven't used it much before", "413d45Lw6Ak-00038-00014126-00014326": "oh.. Im suprised.", "413d45Lw6Ak-00039-00014697-00014897": "wow... Groza is powerfull.", "413d45Lw6Ak-00040-00014968-00015134": "Thank 50 Balllon~^^", "413d45Lw6Ak-00041-00015160-00015330": "There's nothing to throw.", "413d45Lw6Ak-00042-00015540-00015740": "I heared sound of footsteps one more", "413d45Lw6Ak-00043-00016594-00016794": "wow.. Groza  recoil is..so...", "413d45Lw6Ak-00044-00016794-00016940": "I dont know if it's okay", "413d45Lw6Ak-00045-00016940-00017052": "Im confused..", "413d45Lw6Ak-00046-00017090-00017234": "I heared another footsteps", "413d45Lw6Ak-00047-00017374-00017768": "(Please more upload youtube!, I came to see you because its not upload!)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00048-00017816-00018066": "So i dont upload, watch my broadcasting", "413d45Lw6Ak-00049-00018066-00018166": "(Its planned~)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00050-00018166-00018248": "(I'll do my best.- Editor)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00051-00018258-00018414": "I'll upload little by little from now on", "413d45Lw6Ak-00052-00018478-00018558": "huh....", "413d45Lw6Ak-00053-00018580-00018742": "It was hard on me..", "413d45Lw6Ak-00054-00018768-00018958": "Shouldn't i stop?", "413d45Lw6Ak-00055-00018970-00019068": "(far away magnetic field...)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00056-00019080-00019260": "1000 Ballons...Im going..", "413d45Lw6Ak-00057-00019438-00019786": "Will you GO or Stop? (Get 300 ballons or Challnge 1000 ballons)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00058-00019786-00019912": "There's no need to say it. x2", "413d45Lw6Ak-00059-00019974-00020080": "Of couse GO x3", "413d45Lw6Ak-00060-00020080-00020292": "and i'll dont shoot anybody!", "413d45Lw6Ak-00061-00020368-00020718": "I think that it better not notify where i am when top 10", "413d45Lw6Ak-00062-00020904-00021034": "Sound!", "413d45Lw6Ak-00063-00021034-00021208": "Somebody coming", "413d45Lw6Ak-00064-00021264-00021442": "I must take advantage of him", "413d45Lw6Ak-00065-00021458-00021666": "If i dont shoot, he think nobody here", "413d45Lw6Ak-00066-00021666-00021838": "(Battleground is strategy game)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00067-00022170-00022370": "It's not bad to kill him", "413d45Lw6Ak-00068-00022712-00022912": "Just take advantage of him", "413d45Lw6Ak-00069-00023740-00023940": "(If you fail,  like this)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00070-00023950-00024038": "You've seen it", "413d45Lw6Ak-00071-00024136-00024336": "(coming grenade!!)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00072-00025188-00025388": "three... four", "413d45Lw6Ak-00073-00028268-00028530": "Last 1 : 1 situation!", "413d45Lw6Ak-00074-00028606-00028760": "its over there", "413d45Lw6Ak-00075-00028868-00029068": "one.. two..three", "413d45Lw6Ak-00076-00029406-00029580": "isnt it? (It can't be)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00077-00029600-00029762": "Did i see it wrong?", "413d45Lw6Ak-00078-00029802-00029970": "its over there??", "413d45Lw6Ak-00079-00030066-00030214": "I think i saw it..", "413d45Lw6Ak-00080-00030214-00030332": "be careful grenade", "413d45Lw6Ak-00081-00032122-00032322": "over there in the tree", "413d45Lw6Ak-00082-00032382-00032532": "catch fire", "413d45Lw6Ak-00083-00032602-00032708": "nice!", "413d45Lw6Ak-00084-00032708-00033156": "WOW Im so good (Neatly Mission succes!)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00085-00033410-00033610": "Teemo song of victory", "413d45Lw6Ak-00086-00034346-00034546": "yeah~~", "413d45Lw6Ak-00087-00035062-00035482": "WOW... Thank you!", "413d45Lw6Ak-00088-00035518-00035734": "Its okay, give me later", "413d45Lw6Ak-00089-00035746-00035840": "Thanks~~~", "413d45Lw6Ak-00090-00035896-00036046": "(hang in there..meow..)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00091-00036056-00036244": "If i put up with it, she will give me rice...", "413d45Lw6Ak-00092-00036258-00036388": "Heart♥ (resignation)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00093-00036394-00036548": "(an instant old Coco)", "413d45Lw6Ak-00094-00036572-00036766": "Thanks for giving mission", "413d45Lw6Ak-00095-00036910-00037110": "Hooray~~"}}, {"audio_id": "41rVpZwog_o", "text": {"41rVpZwog_o-00096-00027619-00027719": "If you like this video", "41rVpZwog_o-00097-00027881-00027981": "Share + Comment + Like", "41rVpZwog_o-00098-00027986-00028086": "and also", "41rVpZwog_o-00099-00028264-00028364": "Subscribe this channel"}}, {"audio_id": "41AxRAGypUo", "text": {"41AxRAGypUo-00000-00000010-00000300": "Among everything that you're doing", "41AxRAGypUo-00001-00000300-00000559": "do you know what brings value? Okay,", "41AxRAGypUo-00002-00000559-00000919": "but do you know what brings you joy?", "41AxRAGypUo-00003-00000919-00001230": "Do you have time for coffee?", "41AxRAGypUo-00004-00001910-00002339": "Hey  Bonjour, I'm Hugo and I have busy professionals be more productive", "41AxRAGypUo-00005-00002339-00002660": "and get back in control of their own time. In October last year.", "41AxRAGypUo-00006-00002660-00003169": "I attended a live event where  Kate Northrup was speaking about productivity", "41AxRAGypUo-00007-00003169-00003489": "and how to grow your business by doing less.", "41AxRAGypUo-00008-00003489-00003820": "Okay. At first I was like,", "41AxRAGypUo-00009-00003820-00004279": "okay cool topic that I know a couple things.", "41AxRAGypUo-00010-00004279-00004610": "I might not learn so much from but I was wrong.", "41AxRAGypUo-00011-00004610-00005110": "There is something special that really caught my attention especially", "41AxRAGypUo-00012-00005110-00005660": "as I've always perceived productivity from a value standpoint. Value", "41AxRAGypUo-00013-00005660-00006089": "towards end results and towards clients and customer satisfaction.", "41AxRAGypUo-00014-00006089-00006720": "But that's just one way to look at it. One complimentary way to look at it is to", "41AxRAGypUo-00015-00006720-00007159": "assess the tasks that you handling on an everyday basis", "41AxRAGypUo-00016-00007159-00007440": "and to assess the amount of joy and happiness", "41AxRAGypUo-00017-00007440-00008079": "these tasks are providing you. So when we talk about the framework eliminate, automate and delegate.", "41AxRAGypUo-00018-00008079-00008629": "Yes, I totally agree to that but not only on the task that do not bring value.", "41AxRAGypUo-00019-00008629-00009350": "You can also apply this framework on the tasks that do not bring you joy or happiness.", "41AxRAGypUo-00020-00009350-00009559": "Don't put aside your feelings", "41AxRAGypUo-00021-00009559-00009759": "and your emotional state just", "41AxRAGypUo-00022-00009759-00010379": "for the sake of productivity, performance and results because if you forget this component,", "41AxRAGypUo-00023-00010379-00010940": "you will not reach the sustainability that you want. That you seek in your productivity.", "41AxRAGypUo-00024-00010940-00011570": "Et voilà. What brings you joy and happiness in your job or in your business?", "41AxRAGypUo-00025-00011570-00011790": "Let me know in the comments below Merci. Thanks guys", "41AxRAGypUo-00026-00011790-00012409": "for watching this video and I really appreciate that you coming you checking in every single week", "41AxRAGypUo-00027-00012409-00012509": "and watch my videos.", "41AxRAGypUo-00028-00012509-00013090": "I hope I'm bringing you value. You can subscribe to the channel and watch more videos.", "41AxRAGypUo-00029-00013090-00013419": "See you next week.  Au revoir"}}, {"audio_id": "42k4wYiOdFE", "text": {"42k4wYiOdFE-00000-00000256-00000712": "all right you can see that okay okay and is my audio all right", "42k4wYiOdFE-00001-00000903-00001504": "great all right so um i'm going to talk about a package that we or i came out with i don't know", "42k4wYiOdFE-00002-00001504-00002023": "maybe like six months or so ago called workflow sets um as you'll see in a little bit it's", "42k4wYiOdFE-00003-00002023-00002632": "basically if you want to create um simultaneously create like a lot of models and maybe when that's", "42k4wYiOdFE-00004-00002632-00003328": "a good idea maybe when that's not a good idea um so if you don't know me i'm max kuhn i'm currently", "42k4wYiOdFE-00005-00003328-00003984": "in connecticut uh where i live i work for r studio i'm a software engineer mostly working on modeling", "42k4wYiOdFE-00006-00003984-00004496": "if you were to ask hadley what type of modeling he would just say well everything so i've got a", "42k4wYiOdFE-00007-00004496-00005160": "group of uh myself and through the people davis vaughn uh you know hannah frick and julia silke", "42k4wYiOdFE-00008-00005160-00005808": "uh and we basically just try to make you know the phrase i use that is not a our studio catchphrase", "42k4wYiOdFE-00009-00005808-00006312": "but it's like let's you know make modeling suck less than r that's actually quite good so i", "42k4wYiOdFE-00010-00006312-00006656": "shouldn't really say that but you know we're just trying to make it easier to do things", "42k4wYiOdFE-00011-00007064-00007448": "so we work on what we call the tidy models infrastructure", "42k4wYiOdFE-00012-00007448-00008159": "um it's very much modeling with all the tiny burst principles um that you probably have heard of um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00013-00008240-00008512": "and then we also layer in a lot of things that we think are very", "42k4wYiOdFE-00014-00008576-00009104": "specific to modeling and you know a lot of those things are you know modeling i think", "42k4wYiOdFE-00015-00009104-00009624": "average modeling software is tends to be a lot more complex than your average visualization or", "42k4wYiOdFE-00016-00009624-00010240": "data manipulation software it's really easy to get some of those things wrong without even knowing it", "42k4wYiOdFE-00017-00010368-00010896": "and so one of our goals is just to make things work pretty well and kind of maybe sometimes", "42k4wYiOdFE-00018-00010896-00011624": "silently protect users from making a bad decision or trying a methodology that's not uh unwittingly", "42k4wYiOdFE-00019-00011624-00012296": "try methodology that's not maybe a good idea if you want to learn more about it tinymodels.org is", "42k4wYiOdFE-00020-00012296-00012824": "the first place i'd send you to um we spent a lot of a lot of time at the beginning of the pandemic", "42k4wYiOdFE-00021-00012888-00013368": "um we had a lot of documentation was in a lot of different places and so we we decided to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00022-00013368-00013928": "really edit that merge some things and come up with you know some documentation that's a good", "42k4wYiOdFE-00023-00013928-00014352": "narrative so if you want to know more about the packages you can come here if you've never used", "42k4wYiOdFE-00024-00014352-00014768": "tidy models you'll see some of it tonight but if you want to learn more i'd suggest coming", "42k4wYiOdFE-00025-00014768-00015312": "to the get started page and there's sort of like a flow here for the basic tools that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00026-00015312-00015928": "we have for modeling so this is a really good resource and also one nice thing about it is", "42k4wYiOdFE-00027-00015928-00016616": "it has we continually update uh a list of all the functions and things in tiny models so you know if", "42k4wYiOdFE-00028-00016616-00017096": "you were like oh where's that bayesian thing that max was talking about you can come in here and", "42k4wYiOdFE-00029-00017096-00017696": "search across all of our packages and functions and data sets and find whatever you're looking for", "42k4wYiOdFE-00030-00017696-00018224": "because there's quite a bit inside of tiny models another resource that julie and i've been working", "42k4wYiOdFE-00031-00018224-00018864": "on is a book called tiny modeling with r we'll make a print copy of it maybe start talking to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00032-00018864-00019464": "publishers in a few months it's nearly done um we have all but um we have drafts of all these", "42k4wYiOdFE-00033-00019464-00020136": "chapters and pr's but if you're more into like long-form documentation and want to know in some", "42k4wYiOdFE-00034-00020136-00020688": "cases why we do what we do and why we do it the way we do it um this is a really good resource", "42k4wYiOdFE-00035-00020744-00021200": "so these should be the two places if you're if you're interested in the book especially", "42k4wYiOdFE-00036-00021200-00021792": "maybe try out the um art for data science slack um they've been running a bunch of cohorts uh", "42k4wYiOdFE-00037-00021792-00022168": "in a book club for this so you've got to learn with other people they've got a bunch of people", "42k4wYiOdFE-00038-00022168-00022664": "who are doing um presentations on different chapters so that's a good place to start", "42k4wYiOdFE-00039-00022800-00023416": "and uh if you want the slides including the rmd file and everything my github handles @topepos", "42k4wYiOdFE-00040-00023416-00024032": "and you'll see the 2021 rles so that's all in here so if you like especially the formatting", "42k4wYiOdFE-00041-00024032-00024704": "of the slides it's showing in uh allison hill uh tried to reverse engineer some of our existing", "42k4wYiOdFE-00042-00024704-00025384": "um talk formats so if you're if you like this you can use it and credit allison", "42k4wYiOdFE-00043-00025496-00026104": "all right so about what we want to talk about um i want to just talk about um some", "42k4wYiOdFE-00044-00026176-00026736": "not like philosophical aspects of modeling but i do want to talk about the idea of some of the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00045-00026736-00027344": "things that that we're going to go through because it really sheds light on why we or why we do the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00046-00027344-00027872": "things that we do so right now when you build something in tiny models there's really like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00047-00027872-00028383": "what we consider like this modeling process like you could think of it like a scikit-learn pipe", "42k4wYiOdFE-00048-00028383-00029016": "pipeline if you've ever heard of that but really we currently consider that each model involves", "42k4wYiOdFE-00049-00029016-00029527": "something that we call preprocessor and then like an actual statistical model or machine learning", "42k4wYiOdFE-00050-00029527-00030224": "model and so a processor might be something simple like a formula that we're used to in r or we have", "42k4wYiOdFE-00051-00030224-00030856": "this package called recipes which is a very sort of souped-up cross between like dplyr and mononet", "42k4wYiOdFE-00052-00030856-00031472": "matrix and you can do very sophisticated things with it so any preprocessor is the thing that um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00053-00031544-00031920": "takes your data and does any feature engineering or any estimation", "42k4wYiOdFE-00054-00031920-00032592": "any feature extraction or even transformations or interactions um those things that you do to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00055-00032592-00033096": "the data before putting in the model is what we consider happens with the preprocessor and", "42k4wYiOdFE-00056-00033096-00033512": "then the model is the model right so whether it's like a linear regression or a random force model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00057-00033592-00034088": "you take what the preprocessor generates and then you put that into the the model matrix", "42k4wYiOdFE-00058-00034088-00034632": "going away um now there's other things that we haven't implemented yet the most important", "42k4wYiOdFE-00059-00034632-00035160": "one in this modeling process would be like postmodern activities so you can imagine the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00060-00035160-00035672": "idea that um let's say you have a two class classification problem and maybe you have", "42k4wYiOdFE-00061-00035672-00036232": "imbalanced samples or or something like that and you don't want to necessarily use the default 50", "42k4wYiOdFE-00062-00036232-00036728": "cut point to take a probability and convert it to a hard class prediction you might", "42k4wYiOdFE-00063-00036728-00037168": "want to optimize that cut point based on like sensitivity and specificity and things like that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00064-00037168-00037664": "so there are a lot of things that are calibration cutoff optimization that we consider to be part of", "42k4wYiOdFE-00065-00037664-00038224": "the modeling process and we're going to tack those on to our our system and infrastructure it's just", "42k4wYiOdFE-00066-00038224-00038704": "uh davis is in the process of implementing that now so in general though i want to get across", "42k4wYiOdFE-00067-00038704-00039208": "that this modeling process is not just just a model like you know your estimation of like your", "42k4wYiOdFE-00068-00039208-00039792": "slopes and intercepts or whatever it's really a broader aspect of like a preprocessor a model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00069-00039792-00040424": "and eventually we'll incorporate post-processing bits that you would do after the models fit", "42k4wYiOdFE-00070-00040608-00041120": "so in terms of tidy models we consider the building blocks of this process to be", "42k4wYiOdFE-00071-00041120-00041592": "you know these preprocessors and models and in tiny models we have a package called parsnip", "42k4wYiOdFE-00072-00041592-00042120": "which is sort of like the unified modeling interface that we provide and then i mentioned you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00073-00042120-00042640": "know formulas could be a preprocessor or if you've ever used recipes or heard of that that would be", "42k4wYiOdFE-00074-00042640-00043360": "the way we typically um do our pre-processing um unless you have something really simple where", "42k4wYiOdFE-00075-00043360-00043976": "your your data is already fit for modeling when you get it so these are the the basic components", "42k4wYiOdFE-00076-00044096-00044632": "and what i want to what i want to emphasize here is when we think about modeling in terms of like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00077-00044632-00045080": "estimating things like whether it's slopes intercepts we tend to only think about that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00078-00045080-00045752": "for this part with the model but in actuality you know we are doing estimation", "42k4wYiOdFE-00079-00045752-00046496": "bits with data in the preprocessors so let me like show you an example that something really simple", "42k4wYiOdFE-00080-00046496-00046904": "would be like you have a bunch of like highly correlated predictors", "42k4wYiOdFE-00081-00046904-00047360": "and we know that's problematic for a lot of models like like linear regression like multicollinearity", "42k4wYiOdFE-00082-00047456-00047880": "can really negatively affect your model and you might want to do something about that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00083-00047880-00048272": "and the the you know the most common thing at least from when i was in graduate school is to do", "42k4wYiOdFE-00084-00048344-00048872": "um principal component regression which is basically you compute the principal components", "42k4wYiOdFE-00085-00048872-00049480": "on your data and you use those components as the actual predictors instead of the original raw data", "42k4wYiOdFE-00086-00049480-00050040": "so you know the old school way to talk about is pcr principal component regression but you know", "42k4wYiOdFE-00087-00050040-00050600": "the the cool kids are saying feature extraction now but in in essence you're you're taking your", "42k4wYiOdFE-00088-00050600-00051240": "original data and extracting out basically the really important um underlying content that's", "42k4wYiOdFE-00089-00051240-00051904": "in the data and characterized by the the principal components and so do we consider that part of the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00090-00051904-00052384": "estimation like do we consider that part of the model and that's an important question it might", "42k4wYiOdFE-00091-00052384-00052800": "seem like a philosophical question but it's not it has some like really practical ramifications", "42k4wYiOdFE-00092-00052904-00053488": "and so you know you can imagine taking your data and let's say just a simple formula and then doing", "42k4wYiOdFE-00093-00053488-00053928": "you know pca and then taking the output of that and putting it into let's say you're a linear", "42k4wYiOdFE-00094-00053928-00054472": "model and then that produces your fitted model with slopes intercepts for your predictors and", "42k4wYiOdFE-00095-00054472-00054960": "so on and so the idea is like well is this the modeling process like his estimation", "42k4wYiOdFE-00096-00055024-00055408": "just right here and you can probably guess my answer is going to be like oh", "42k4wYiOdFE-00097-00055408-00056008": "not so much this is really the estimation process that those slopes or the the pca loadings", "42k4wYiOdFE-00098-00056112-00056744": "that you use to calculate the scores are estimated right and have variation associated with them", "42k4wYiOdFE-00099-00056840-00057248": "and so when we think about what we're estimating in terms of like the you know the quote-unquote", "42k4wYiOdFE-00100-00057248-00057888": "model it involves both the the literal model same in terms of least squares and also any potential", "42k4wYiOdFE-00101-00057888-00058479": "pre-processing that you're doing beforehand now you might not think that's a big deal you might", "42k4wYiOdFE-00102-00058479-00058967": "be like all right well that's seems like you're splitting hairs there one of the problems that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00103-00058967-00059560": "we see like i see a lot on stack overflow and in other places is that it can often lead to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00104-00059560-00060312": "poor estimates of performance so if you don't um well there's a typo um if you don't treat the pca", "42k4wYiOdFE-00105-00060312-00060960": "parts as estimation you assume that they're known like deterministic values and then you don't get", "42k4wYiOdFE-00106-00060960-00061728": "to factor in the um the impact of that estimation process so sometimes like pc is fairly innocuous", "42k4wYiOdFE-00107-00061728-00062224": "but if you're using let's say a complex imputation method or splines or something like that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00108-00062328-00063008": "something that has the ability to be a little more of a low bias model this can lead to you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00109-00063008-00063440": "overfitting to the training set and not getting not knowing that you're getting", "42k4wYiOdFE-00110-00063440-00064055": "going to get bad performance on new data another really good example is selection bias and feature", "42k4wYiOdFE-00111-00064055-00064712": "selection so a long time ago some people who were doing research on support vector machines like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00112-00064712-00065152": "they kind of reinvented like backward selection they called it recursive feature engineering", "42k4wYiOdFE-00113-00065152-00065848": "and they showed for some like early microwave data sets that were very like um you know dozens of", "42k4wYiOdFE-00114-00065848-00066368": "data points but thousands of predictors they showed that you know they could do like backward", "42k4wYiOdFE-00115-00066368-00066928": "selection and get down to zero errors um but they didn't do their cross validation right they didn't", "42k4wYiOdFE-00116-00066928-00067400": "treat feature selection as you know part of the estimation process they wouldn't have put it in", "42k4wYiOdFE-00117-00067400-00067992": "this box here and in doing so led them to think that they could get nearly perfect performance", "42k4wYiOdFE-00118-00067992-00068400": "and then some statisticians came along and what they did is they took the same data and", "42k4wYiOdFE-00119-00068400-00068944": "the same software and they just scrambled the outcomes over and over again and showed that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00120-00068944-00069488": "if you just had nonsense data in your outcome you could still get down to zero errors", "42k4wYiOdFE-00121-00069544-00069960": "um you know incorrectly and that was simply because they treated feature selection", "42k4wYiOdFE-00122-00070024-00070584": "not as part of the modeling process um and then there's things like information leakage where you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00123-00070640-00071376": "accidentally or sometimes people purposefully include data that's uh data components of the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00124-00071376-00071912": "the parts that they're predicting in the original training process and and so you wouldn't be able", "42k4wYiOdFE-00125-00071912-00072608": "to do that by including everything in the estimation box so anyway these problems are", "42k4wYiOdFE-00126-00072608-00073480": "really become more and more um pronounced as your preprocessor becomes more complex so you know the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00127-00073480-00074064": "more powerful your preprocessor is the more likely you're going to have these types of problems", "42k4wYiOdFE-00128-00074312-00074896": "so what we did was you know it's really easy in r to you know do your pre-processing and", "42k4wYiOdFE-00129-00074896-00075296": "then just put it in the model and then let's say like re-sample the model or something like that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00130-00075296-00075768": "and so what we we thought about doing was combining well there were two reasons uh", "42k4wYiOdFE-00131-00075768-00076264": "combine the model in your preprocessor into what we call workflow and again you can think of this", "42k4wYiOdFE-00132-00076264-00076648": "we were just going to call it a pipeline because that's what everybody else seems to call this", "42k4wYiOdFE-00133-00076648-00077040": "but then we realized we already had like d plier pipelines and that was going to be confusing", "42k4wYiOdFE-00134-00077096-00077560": "so we call it the model workflow and that's where you bind together a preprocessor and", "42k4wYiOdFE-00135-00077560-00078080": "a model object and one nice thing about it when practical nice thing about it is that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00136-00078080-00078528": "you know if you're if you're trying a variety of models and then like you fit some models and", "42k4wYiOdFE-00137-00078528-00079064": "figure out oh right you know these this portion of the data is not you know doing very well", "42k4wYiOdFE-00138-00079120-00079776": "the model's not modeling it very well you might go back and um add some more model terms like do some", "42k4wYiOdFE-00139-00079776-00080256": "more pre-processing that will improve your model and so you might have a series of models and then", "42k4wYiOdFE-00140-00080256-00080848": "a series of preprocessors and then sometimes if you have you know different combinations though", "42k4wYiOdFE-00141-00080848-00081344": "it's hard to keep your work organized because you don't know that this model fit was coupled with", "42k4wYiOdFE-00142-00081344-00081888": "this preprocessor object and so on and so one nice practical thing you can do with a model workflow", "42k4wYiOdFE-00143-00081888-00082280": "as you'll see in a little bit is you can you can sort of bind them together and it helps you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00144-00082280-00082920": "organize your work and then another thing is is if you combine them together you know what we'll do", "42k4wYiOdFE-00145-00082920-00083416": "is we'll just give you like one fit and predict interface and it only makes your code simpler", "42k4wYiOdFE-00146-00083416-00083960": "but in we make sure that the estimation problems are all treated like the overall modeling", "42k4wYiOdFE-00147-00084136-00084680": "pipeline or workflow so in other words you can't just estimate the model and say oh", "42k4wYiOdFE-00148-00084680-00085080": "that's the part i did like in the example we had earlier it would include the pca", "42k4wYiOdFE-00149-00085232-00085912": "calculations so here's what it would look like in tiny models um you can load the tiny models", "42k4wYiOdFE-00150-00085912-00086424": "meta package and it'll load like recipes and parsnip and workflows and things like that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00151-00086424-00086856": "um i'll use the chicago data this data is i've used it quite a bit", "42k4wYiOdFE-00152-00086856-00087512": "where we have ridership numbers every day for a particular um chicago station", "42k4wYiOdFE-00153-00087600-00088040": "for the l trains and then what we're trying to do is we're trying to predict ridership based on the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00154-00088040-00088592": "other predictors most of those other predictors are lagged ridership at that station and other", "42k4wYiOdFE-00155-00088592-00089152": "stations but there's also data information and other things that we can use and so if i want to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00156-00089152-00089600": "do my initial training and test that split there's a function called initial split that will do that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00157-00089688-00090136": "and then you can extract out the training set in the test set based on how you want to do that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00158-00090136-00090872": "initial split uh what parsnip does is it creates sort of a unified method for fitting models and so", "42k4wYiOdFE-00159-00090872-00091344": "if you're just going to fit a regular old ordinary least squares model you would just use the linear", "42k4wYiOdFE-00160-00091344-00091920": "reg function and then tell it to fit that with lm different engines would be things like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00161-00092000-00092768": "stan or tensorflow or glimnet so you know you can choose the model type and then set the engine and", "42k4wYiOdFE-00162-00092768-00093208": "that declares like well which package or which function are we going to use to estimate that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00163-00093376-00093968": "and then this is a good example of a preprocessor so what we're going to do is use a recipe you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00164-00093968-00094344": "start off the recipe by saying you know what's the outcome and what are the predictors and", "42k4wYiOdFE-00165-00094344-00094968": "everything besides ridership in this data frame is a predictor um and but one thing that's in", "42k4wYiOdFE-00166-00094968-00095552": "there is the date which is in a date format but we can't just dump that date format into lm or we", "42k4wYiOdFE-00167-00095552-00096136": "could but it would get treated like an integer and so what recipes does is you can pipe in different", "42k4wYiOdFE-00168-00096136-00096680": "like pre-processing steps in this case we use step date on that particular column in the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00169-00096680-00097176": "data set and that'll let us convert that date to a factor for the day of the week", "42k4wYiOdFE-00170-00097232-00097664": "you know a month factor and then the year and other things that you might want to include", "42k4wYiOdFE-00171-00097664-00098248": "so this replaces a bunch of lubridate code you might have had um to do this for this particular", "42k4wYiOdFE-00172-00098248-00098720": "data set what's another really important component is as you might expect ridership is really really", "42k4wYiOdFE-00173-00098720-00099224": "low on holidays so we also have a function called step holiday that when you give the date", "42k4wYiOdFE-00174-00099296-00099888": "you can tell it which holidays that you would like it to create indicator variables for um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00175-00099888-00100472": "and then the next thing we do in this recipe is we update the role of date so we've used dates", "42k4wYiOdFE-00176-00100472-00100960": "so far to define new features that are going to our model but date itself is not really a", "42k4wYiOdFE-00177-00100960-00101552": "feature anymore that we would put in the model so we could either delete it using it within the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00178-00101552-00102144": "recipe or better yet is we can change it its role which used to be predictor but now we can change", "42k4wYiOdFE-00179-00102144-00102759": "it to really anything but i just use it as an id variable and by setting its rule to be id when we", "42k4wYiOdFE-00180-00102759-00103408": "use this recipe in a model it will not consider date to be a predictor for the model it will just", "42k4wYiOdFE-00181-00103408-00103888": "be like an identifier it will come along for the ride and all the pre-processing and all the things", "42k4wYiOdFE-00182-00103888-00104344": "we do but when we actually go to fit the model this ensures that this is not in the x matrix", "42k4wYiOdFE-00183-00104559-00104959": "so we have generated factors for day of the week and month", "42k4wYiOdFE-00184-00105016-00105504": "and so we we don't automatically convert those to dummy variables in recipes so the next thing you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00185-00105504-00106224": "can do is do that via this step called step dummy um now you might notice i use date in all these", "42k4wYiOdFE-00186-00106288-00106864": "steps you can do any like type of d plier selector that you want here so you could have like comma", "42k4wYiOdFE-00187-00106864-00107440": "you know minus something and so on recipes has some additional selectors in it that are", "42k4wYiOdFE-00188-00107440-00108104": "based on the roles or the data type so if i do step dummy on all nominal predictors that means", "42k4wYiOdFE-00189-00108104-00108648": "convert any predictors that are factor or character to dummy variables and then", "42k4wYiOdFE-00190-00108648-00109176": "it saves of course those levels and ensures that new data gets converted in the same way", "42k4wYiOdFE-00191-00109368-00110152": "and then we're going to fit uh we're going to do pca on our our data and so before we we do pca we", "42k4wYiOdFE-00192-00110152-00110624": "want to center and scale the data and so what i'm going to do is also include all numeric predictors", "42k4wYiOdFE-00193-00110624-00111128": "now and make sure that they get centered and scaled so they're in the same units so that we can", "42k4wYiOdFE-00194-00111128-00111783": "then put them in pca and so in pca here we have a vector called stations which has all the column", "42k4wYiOdFE-00195-00111783-00112280": "names for the the stations that are predictors in the model and this of course is a deep plier", "42k4wYiOdFE-00196-00112280-00112896": "selector that will select those those will be used for pca and then we'll choose 10 components", "42k4wYiOdFE-00197-00112968-00113632": "there's about i think 21 stations here and you know 10 captures a good amount of variation and so", "42k4wYiOdFE-00198-00113632-00114152": "this is a fairly complicated preprocessor it does a lot of things that model that matrix can't do", "42k4wYiOdFE-00199-00114264-00114759": "it it really is more complicated but at the same time it allows you to do things", "42k4wYiOdFE-00200-00114848-00115256": "that you couldn't do and you might have had like a bunch of side code over and over again that you've", "42k4wYiOdFE-00201-00115256-00115768": "copied and pasted a bunch you know from script the script and one nice thing about recipes it sort", "42k4wYiOdFE-00202-00115768-00116288": "of encapsulates all the data pre-processing things you want to do whether they're just", "42k4wYiOdFE-00203-00116344-00116856": "like simple things like generating holidays from dates or more complex things like pca", "42k4wYiOdFE-00204-00116968-00117624": "and this is what you can do with the recipe now again there's estimation bits in here there's", "42k4wYiOdFE-00205-00117624-00118272": "the pca loadings the means and variances for normalization i kind of consider dummy variables", "42k4wYiOdFE-00206-00118272-00118783": "to be an estimation feature to your an estimation process too because you're looking at the data and", "42k4wYiOdFE-00207-00118783-00119392": "pulling out extracting information to apply to new data which in this case is the factor levels", "42k4wYiOdFE-00208-00119392-00119720": "and so what we'll do is we'll bind this together within a workflow", "42k4wYiOdFE-00209-00119800-00120376": "so we're going to combine our model for linear regression along with our recipe that does the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00210-00120376-00121016": "pre-processing and pca and to do that we start a new workflow and then we can pipe in code that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00211-00121016-00121783": "adds the model to it and adds the recipe and that is kind of a long-winded way of showing you what a", "42k4wYiOdFE-00212-00121783-00122456": "workflow is within r now i should one other aspect of this is that the regression model specification", "42k4wYiOdFE-00213-00122456-00122968": "here and the recipe you know don't actually do anything yet they're like specifications", "42k4wYiOdFE-00214-00122968-00123559": "it's kind of like you can imagine like you create a gg plot like with your gg plot code and you know", "42k4wYiOdFE-00215-00123559-00124008": "if you were to just save that plot as an object it actually doesn't really execute much of anything", "42k4wYiOdFE-00216-00124008-00124600": "it's not like it's drawing all the circles and rectangles it's just waiting to show them to you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00217-00124600-00125064": "it's not until you like print it or you know just hit enter after you define the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00218-00125064-00125680": "ggplot that things actually happen and so ggplot and dplyr and a lot of our tools follow this sort", "42k4wYiOdFE-00219-00125680-00126368": "of like delayed execution uh format and that's the same thing we do in tiday models is this", "42k4wYiOdFE-00220-00126368-00126952": "code here doesn't fit the model in fact there's no formula there's no data equals anywhere here", "42k4wYiOdFE-00221-00126952-00127392": "so these are more like specifications of the things that you want to do and then you combine", "42k4wYiOdFE-00222-00127392-00127983": "them together with a recipe and then we'll show you actually how to fit that model okay", "42k4wYiOdFE-00223-00128144-00128983": "so if you have questions go ahead and feel free to put them in the chat", "42k4wYiOdFE-00224-00129064-00129632": "so what are good and bad ways of fitting this particular model well we do have an api with", "42k4wYiOdFE-00225-00129632-00130104": "recipes if you use them by themselves there's a way to estimate the parameters in a recipe that's", "42k4wYiOdFE-00226-00130104-00130656": "what this prep does and then apply them to new data that's what this bake method does so it's", "42k4wYiOdFE-00227-00130656-00131216": "kind of like we use this analogy about making food like you define what your recipe is you prepare it", "42k4wYiOdFE-00228-00131216-00131704": "by getting everything ready and then when you want to make the recipe for example you would bake it", "42k4wYiOdFE-00229-00131704-00132408": "and so what this does is um and this is i i didn't make this up this is out of a stack overflow", "42k4wYiOdFE-00230-00132408-00132952": "question where somebody took the entire dating data set not just the training set they generated", "42k4wYiOdFE-00231-00132952-00133496": "the pca scores for the entire data set and then you know then they do the training and test that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00232-00133496-00134232": "split and then they they fit the model um and then make predictions and that's not a very great way", "42k4wYiOdFE-00233-00134232-00134776": "of doing it because for example if you were to resample this you wouldn't end up resampling", "42k4wYiOdFE-00234-00134776-00135288": "any of the bca parts so your performance estimates would not necessarily be very good", "42k4wYiOdFE-00235-00135384-00135776": "a much better way to do it is to take the workflow which again includes the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00236-00135776-00136336": "preprocessor and the model fit it to the data set and what this does is it goes through does", "42k4wYiOdFE-00237-00136336-00136872": "the dummy variables it does normalization it does the pca parts and then it hands that data", "42k4wYiOdFE-00238-00136872-00137384": "over to the lm model that we defined and it does all that stuff in just one single call", "42k4wYiOdFE-00239-00137472-00137984": "and then similarly when you go to make predictions for that model what it does is it takes the new", "42k4wYiOdFE-00240-00137984-00138616": "data it applies the same pre-processing step so it applies the same dummy variable encodings", "42k4wYiOdFE-00241-00138688-00139192": "it takes the means and variances from the training set it normalizes a test set with those and then", "42k4wYiOdFE-00242-00139192-00139664": "again it projects the data into pca space using the loadings that were defined on the training set", "42k4wYiOdFE-00243-00139728-00140264": "so you know when we predict things we don't really ever re-estimate anything and that's", "42k4wYiOdFE-00244-00140264-00140696": "really the proper way to do like any sort of pre-processing or estimation parts", "42k4wYiOdFE-00245-00140768-00141288": "so this interface is not only simpler it's more appropriate from a methodology standpoint", "42k4wYiOdFE-00246-00141352-00141712": "and so that's the nice thing about one of the nice things about using workflows is there's a", "42k4wYiOdFE-00247-00141712-00142232": "lot of like you can see there's a fair amount of like loading up here with specifications", "42k4wYiOdFE-00248-00142232-00142720": "and details um so this is a little bit more verbose than just fitting lm", "42k4wYiOdFE-00249-00142776-00143208": "but you'd have to have all these other parts in the script somewhere to do all of these bits", "42k4wYiOdFE-00250-00143264-00143736": "so i think in the end this code is more concise and self-contained it just looks like it's more", "42k4wYiOdFE-00251-00143736-00144336": "than you would normally do because you're probably not used to doing it so you pay a little bit of", "42k4wYiOdFE-00252-00144336-00144960": "complexity up front here and the benefit is a really simple api when you go to either", "42k4wYiOdFE-00253-00145048-00145784": "estimate things or make predictions on that that model workflow", "42k4wYiOdFE-00254-00146344-00146576": "so the thing is like okay here's a question", "42k4wYiOdFE-00255-00146656-00147328": "uh how important is the order of piping together components in workflow uh do you mean this part", "42k4wYiOdFE-00256-00147560-00148008": "yeah it doesn't really matter um like if you did add recipe than add model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00257-00148008-00148288": "it it's just putting them in like slots inside the workflow", "42k4wYiOdFE-00258-00148352-00148984": "um the these do matter like the recipe steps matter like if you did step date at the end", "42k4wYiOdFE-00259-00149048-00149656": "um you know you would you wouldn't be like applying any of the other things below this", "42k4wYiOdFE-00260-00149656-00150216": "step to it like so the order matters here doesn't really matter here so yeah", "42k4wYiOdFE-00261-00150496-00151120": "okay so a lot of times when we have data sets you know it's not like we learned or i learned in like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00262-00151120-00151600": "graduate school or reading books like you know in books a lot of times they give you a data set", "42k4wYiOdFE-00263-00151600-00152048": "and they say oh you know there's multi-clinicality let's like fix that and they show you like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00264-00152048-00152512": "one question or like one um approach of doing it and you feel like oh", "42k4wYiOdFE-00265-00152512-00152984": "okay well that was problem solved and that's not really how things work that you might try", "42k4wYiOdFE-00266-00153040-00153432": "one thing and then maybe it doesn't work or maybe you want to try something else to see if it works", "42k4wYiOdFE-00267-00153432-00153976": "better so this idea of like when you have like a real data set that you're working on especially", "42k4wYiOdFE-00268-00153976-00154496": "if it's a data set you've never seen before you know we tend to it's more like a campaign", "42k4wYiOdFE-00269-00154496-00154968": "it's more like we try this one thing it seemed to go okay but maybe we tried this other thing", "42k4wYiOdFE-00270-00155048-00155448": "like it worked a little bit better but maybe i should use random forest so maybe i should", "42k4wYiOdFE-00271-00155448-00156144": "do that and you end up having like this sort of like um uh you sort of end up having this sort of", "42k4wYiOdFE-00272-00156144-00156656": "like trail of like models that you've used and some of them you liked and some of you didn't", "42k4wYiOdFE-00273-00156656-00157168": "and you borrow like ideas from this one to try it in a neural network or something like that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00274-00157168-00157672": "and so what i'll talk about in a second is like how would we do that especially up front how would", "42k4wYiOdFE-00275-00157672-00158256": "we do that um using workflows so what we don't want you to have to do is to type out let's say", "42k4wYiOdFE-00276-00158256-00158752": "we're in the end we're going to try 10 different combinations of like preprocessor and models we", "42k4wYiOdFE-00277-00158752-00159240": "don't want you to do like all this typing like 10 times so the point of the majority of this talk is", "42k4wYiOdFE-00278-00159240-00159960": "about how we can um make that processing easier uh questions what's the structure of pca recipe looks", "42k4wYiOdFE-00279-00159960-00160544": "look like um well i guess i'd refer to the recipe docs when you print it out it has a really nice", "42k4wYiOdFE-00280-00160544-00161056": "print method but under the hood it saves a lot of different things it saves like the steps", "42k4wYiOdFE-00281-00161056-00161816": "that you've executed um along the way it saves their values so it's not a simple structure um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00282-00161816-00162504": "it's more like a list with a bunch of classes added to it so um we do have tidy methods for", "42k4wYiOdFE-00283-00162504-00163024": "everything so for example if you want to extract out what the means and standard deviations were", "42k4wYiOdFE-00284-00163024-00163528": "like you can get the loadings and the the means and standard deviations and whatnot from any of", "42k4wYiOdFE-00285-00163528-00164104": "these steps um through tiny methods but the the actual recipe structures is fairly complicated", "42k4wYiOdFE-00286-00164208-00165104": "but i mean we've documented it pretty well um so yeah all right so um you know a lot of times", "42k4wYiOdFE-00287-00165104-00165648": "we're going to fit many workflows um in in the book that we wrote on feature engineering we", "42k4wYiOdFE-00288-00165648-00166136": "use this data set a lot and you know when you have some time like maybe test this out because", "42k4wYiOdFE-00289-00166136-00166624": "we go through our thought process that we use when we first started to model this data like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00290-00166624-00167088": "you know we first were doing pretty good and then we were like oh what what residuals are really bad", "42k4wYiOdFE-00291-00167088-00167568": "and then we figure out oh right those are mostly holidays so we should add holidays as predictors", "42k4wYiOdFE-00292-00167568-00167984": "and so we just sort of sequentially go through different things we tried and different things", "42k4wYiOdFE-00293-00167984-00168608": "that seemed like good ideas but maybe didn't pan out so well um so let's think of this like we know", "42k4wYiOdFE-00294-00168608-00169224": "we have this collinearity problem you know we can try pca we might want to try partial least squares", "42k4wYiOdFE-00295-00169224-00169840": "and partially squares is like pca but it takes account the outcome into the the loadings so", "42k4wYiOdFE-00296-00169840-00170520": "whereas pca only uses the x data to generate the loadings pls uses the x's and your y data", "42k4wYiOdFE-00297-00170520-00170952": "to come up with its components so we might try another extraction method", "42k4wYiOdFE-00298-00170952-00171496": "we might actually instead of doing pca we might just do a correlation filter we", "42k4wYiOdFE-00299-00171496-00172104": "might say you know give me all the you know give me all the stations so that they're um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00300-00172104-00172568": "you know they're at or their maximum correlation is always less than 0.7 or something like that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00301-00172568-00173064": "like some sort of filter where we're eliminating predictors from the model or we might just say", "42k4wYiOdFE-00302-00173064-00173592": "like you know i'll let the model figure it out we might use glimnet or some other regularized", "42k4wYiOdFE-00303-00173592-00174136": "model that is built to handle collinearity so these are just like a three different three or", "42k4wYiOdFE-00304-00174136-00174584": "four different ways that we might approach this problem which is the linear model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00305-00174744-00175248": "of dealing with these correlated predictors so like how would we do that now before i say", "42k4wYiOdFE-00306-00175248-00175880": "that uh there's quite a lot of discussion on the not so standard deviations podcast about this um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00307-00175880-00176592": "in terms of like workflow sets and in the thing that i thought about um you know i want to say", "42k4wYiOdFE-00308-00176592-00177104": "like you know when would you use this it's really good when you're starting from scratch", "42k4wYiOdFE-00309-00177104-00177576": "and you really don't have any idea like what's going to work and what's not going to work um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00310-00177640-00177984": "it might be good for variable selection if we have time i have an example at the end", "42k4wYiOdFE-00311-00178040-00178536": "um but it's it's really good for situations where you want to try a variety of different methods", "42k4wYiOdFE-00312-00178600-00179200": "now i should say before i was at our studio i worked in drug discovery and we i built a lot", "42k4wYiOdFE-00313-00179200-00179672": "of computational chemistry models and we would get updated versions of the data all the time and so i", "42k4wYiOdFE-00314-00179672-00180248": "probably wouldn't use workflow sets as i'll show you in a minute to do that type of work because", "42k4wYiOdFE-00315-00180248-00180688": "you know i'd already done that work up front and then when i got new data i would just", "42k4wYiOdFE-00316-00180688-00181088": "update the model make sure the drift from the original data set wasn't too bad", "42k4wYiOdFE-00317-00181144-00181648": "and then um go on my way so like if you know what you should be doing and you have a lot of", "42k4wYiOdFE-00318-00181648-00182080": "experience with the data set what i'm going to show you in a little bit is like really overkill", "42k4wYiOdFE-00319-00182080-00182568": "i mean you could still do it but it might not be the best use of your time so it's really when you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00320-00182568-00183208": "have like a novel problem you're not really sure what to do um that you would use these methods um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00321-00183304-00183768": "again like if you have a well-defined problem it's kind of overhead kill um and i i thought", "42k4wYiOdFE-00322-00183768-00184256": "about making this package like for about a year and i think oh i should do this and i thought", "42k4wYiOdFE-00323-00184256-00184784": "well this could be like really poorly used like this could lead to a lot of overfitting", "42k4wYiOdFE-00324-00184784-00185440": "i know auto ml is a big deal in in a way i'm kind of like pro auto ml but at the same time one thing", "42k4wYiOdFE-00325-00185440-00185920": "that sort of terrifies me is the idea that people are just going to like throw the kitchen sink at", "42k4wYiOdFE-00326-00185920-00186416": "it maybe not with a great methodology and then just automatically pick what's best and not", "42k4wYiOdFE-00327-00186416-00187112": "think about what they're doing so so i decided in the end to make this our package because i", "42k4wYiOdFE-00328-00187112-00187552": "thought there are some legit cases like that people are going to use it and i thought well", "42k4wYiOdFE-00329-00187552-00188040": "geez if i had something like this when i was doing data analysis i would have loved it but just you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00330-00188040-00188736": "know putting caveats on there's you know you end up sometimes over optimizing a particular metric", "42k4wYiOdFE-00331-00188736-00189288": "and get unintended consequences of your models and it's possible that workflow sets could enable that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00332-00189288-00189880": "but it's also likely that it's going to legit solve some good problems so just be aware that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00333-00189880-00190304": "it's maybe not what you i don't think this is the first tool you should reach for necessarily", "42k4wYiOdFE-00334-00190568-00191056": "all right so you know i talked about a workflow maybe perhaps unsurprisingly a workflow set", "42k4wYiOdFE-00335-00191056-00191704": "is a bunch of workflows sort of kept together in a group um and then the the value of doing that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00336-00191704-00192264": "is it makes it easy to make a lot of workflows like this workflow set tool will help you make", "42k4wYiOdFE-00337-00192264-00192832": "combinations of you know preprocessors and models you can estimate them and evaluate them and even", "42k4wYiOdFE-00338-00192832-00193544": "rank them using relatively simple code and so let's do this let's define a couple recipes", "42k4wYiOdFE-00339-00193544-00194040": "and then two models and then let's fit the combinations of those for the chicago data", "42k4wYiOdFE-00340-00194264-00194664": "so you've already seen the linear regression model here this is just ordinary least squares", "42k4wYiOdFE-00341-00194744-00195440": "i'll take a neural net model it has some tuning parameters so in um in tiny models", "42k4wYiOdFE-00342-00195440-00195872": "what we do is we put these little tags or placeholders for the things that we want to tune", "42k4wYiOdFE-00343-00196000-00196344": "so we don't know how many hidden units we should use so we're going to want to optimize that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00344-00196400-00196808": "like in comparison to lm there's really just slopes intercepts estimate there's no", "42k4wYiOdFE-00345-00196864-00197288": "structural parameters to worry about whereas the amount of weight decay or the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00346-00197288-00197976": "the architecture of the net is you know does need to be optimized so these are going to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00347-00197976-00198584": "be our two models and then what we'll do is we'll find to find a base recipe here that is", "42k4wYiOdFE-00348-00198648-00199288": "like everything up to the normalization part and then uh what we can do is from from this base", "42k4wYiOdFE-00349-00199288-00199832": "recipe pipe in a couple of different ways we would deal with the linearity so first one is like pca", "42k4wYiOdFE-00350-00199896-00200304": "where you say you know let's do the same thing we were talking about before you'll notice here that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00351-00200304-00200800": "we're going to optimize a number of components we're not sure if it should be 1 or 10 or 15.", "42k4wYiOdFE-00352-00200880-00201648": "um we'll do another recipe that uses partial least squares so this looks very similar you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00353-00201648-00202040": "have to tell it what the outcome is so it can do the estimation the supervised estimation", "42k4wYiOdFE-00354-00202040-00202408": "of the components and again we don't know how many components so we'll optimize that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00355-00202520-00203024": "and then another thing we can do is we can do this correlation filter and for some threshold", "42k4wYiOdFE-00356-00203024-00203624": "let's say the threshold is 0.8 it gets rid of the minimum set of predictors so that the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00357-00203624-00204264": "absolute correlation like pairwise correlations are all below 0.8 we don't know what that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00358-00204264-00204928": "threshold should be here and actually this data is so correlated the the minimum um uh pairwise", "42k4wYiOdFE-00359-00204928-00205448": "correlation is about 0.8 so we probably want to optimize this to be like thresholds between", "42k4wYiOdFE-00360-00205448-00206023": "like point eight and one and see if um you know simple filtering will solve our problem better", "42k4wYiOdFE-00361-00206023-00206832": "than pca or pls so we have two models uh we have three different uh preprocessors defined by these", "42k4wYiOdFE-00362-00206832-00207408": "recipes and you know it makes sense to maybe try all all six of these to see what works and what", "42k4wYiOdFE-00363-00207408-00207960": "doesn't okay funny ways to automatically keep track of the means and variances", "42k4wYiOdFE-00364-00208016-00208744": "uh yeah okay mar i'm glad this helps um what i would do is if you if you do this you definitely", "42k4wYiOdFE-00365-00208744-00209304": "probably want to look at the tidy method for step normalize it'll it'll give you like a data frame", "42k4wYiOdFE-00366-00209304-00209784": "if you if you have to show people like well here are the means and standard deviations um the tiny", "42k4wYiOdFE-00367-00209784-00210288": "method would be good for that you don't need to extract those to use in your computations like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00368-00210288-00210823": "recipes does all that for you so the tiny method is just a lot of times when you want to know like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00369-00210888-00211423": "like you know let's let's say you find like pca component 4 was really important to the model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00370-00211423-00211880": "like you can use a tiny method on that to figure out the loadings like which of the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00371-00211880-00212288": "individual predictors are really important to component four and so on so it's mostly", "42k4wYiOdFE-00372-00212288-00213016": "for like post-hoc analysis and exploration of what happened inside of your model but i hope it helps", "42k4wYiOdFE-00373-00213240-00213960": "okay so again we have two objects here three preprocessor objects here and then", "42k4wYiOdFE-00374-00213960-00214384": "when we create a workflow set we load the workflow set package not", "42k4wYiOdFE-00375-00214384-00216160": "available give it the pca recipe the pls and the filtering recipe", "42k4wYiOdFE-00376-00216160-00216719": "and then we give it a named list of our models and lo and behold perhaps unsurprisingly we get", "42k4wYiOdFE-00377-00216719-00217296": "a tibble back and so we we basically come up with little unique ids for all these", "42k4wYiOdFE-00378-00217376-00218023": "and there's some other columns the print method is we just literally fixed this today it has a", "42k4wYiOdFE-00379-00218023-00218608": "little bit of a print method and you'll see what options is in a minute i'll show you what to do", "42k4wYiOdFE-00380-00218608-00219167": "with this but at this point we haven't done any estimation we haven't done any fitting this just", "42k4wYiOdFE-00381-00219167-00219984": "defines all the things that we want to do um so let's see how we would then work with this", "42k4wYiOdFE-00382-00220064-00220784": "so we rely on resampling quite a bit so i really feel that even with inferential models resampling", "42k4wYiOdFE-00383-00220784-00221456": "has a really really important uh place in our data analysis again like just taking your data and like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00384-00221456-00222008": "repredicting it is never a great idea like even with a simple linear regression you'll probably", "42k4wYiOdFE-00385-00222008-00222640": "get similar similar answers but you don't really know so resampling like the bootstrap or cross", "42k4wYiOdFE-00386-00222640-00223319": "foundation is is a pretty critical thing that we um we encapsulate inside of almost everything for", "42k4wYiOdFE-00387-00223319-00223871": "tidy models this is a time series data set and maybe the bootstrap or cross validation wouldn't", "42k4wYiOdFE-00388-00223871-00224552": "be the best idea we have some specialized ways of doing uh time series resampling so there's this", "42k4wYiOdFE-00389-00224552-00225144": "thing called rolling forecast origin resampling it basically takes an initial block of data you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00390-00225144-00225640": "fit your model on that the next little bit of data is what you then do predictions on that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00391-00225640-00226208": "you can estimate performance with and then the next resample just shifts over by some increments", "42k4wYiOdFE-00392-00226208-00226656": "and you have like you know another training set that slightly overlaps with the one before it", "42k4wYiOdFE-00393-00226656-00227208": "but is later in time and we have about 16 years of data in this data set so what we're", "42k4wYiOdFE-00394-00227208-00227760": "going to do is we're going to take 10 years so the the period here is the units of data", "42k4wYiOdFE-00395-00227848-00228623": "since we know this is a a date like a time series we're going to use 12 units which is 12 months", "42k4wYiOdFE-00396-00228688-00229400": "of data times 10 so we're going to use 10 years as like the data that gets used to build the model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00397-00229456-00229840": "and then what we'll do is we'll use the next month after that 10-year", "42k4wYiOdFE-00398-00229960-00230560": "span to predict and estimate our root mean squared are on so what this is going to do is it's going", "42k4wYiOdFE-00399-00230560-00231248": "to generate 67 different resamples each is like shifted over by a month and then when we resample", "42k4wYiOdFE-00400-00231248-00231767": "all these models especially when we do tuning and things like that like let's say we tune over", "42k4wYiOdFE-00401-00231767-00232416": "20 values 20 tuning parameter combinations of our neural network that means we'll be doing to figure", "42k4wYiOdFE-00402-00232416-00233136": "out what the optimal value of that neural network should be we'll be doing 20 times 67 model fits", "42k4wYiOdFE-00403-00233136-00233648": "and using those to optimize performance for the neural network now if you're doing this at home", "42k4wYiOdFE-00404-00233648-00234176": "like on my computer's fairly nice and i did this it took about an hour to run so if you want to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00405-00234176-00234808": "try this and do it in less time what i would do is suggest bumping instead of 12 bump this up to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00406-00234808-00235367": "i'm sorry instead of 10 years maybe use 12 or 13 years and that will reduce the number of resamples", "42k4wYiOdFE-00407-00235367-00236008": "and are around a lot faster for you um but anyway this is how i did the the time series resampling", "42k4wYiOdFE-00408-00236064-00236600": "um this is via the r sample package um and then so what we'll do is we'll take that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00409-00236600-00237184": "workflow set that we defined previously we're going to say evaluate using these resamples", "42k4wYiOdFE-00410-00237344-00237928": "now seed and reproducibility is very important to us so what you can do is you can have a seed that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00411-00237928-00238552": "you give the workflows map function and that will reset the seed every time you go to fit another", "42k4wYiOdFE-00412-00238552-00239048": "model so that you can guarantee exactly what random numbers were used you'll make sure the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00413-00239048-00239471": "random numbers are going to be the same across all the models so that's not some uncontrolled piece", "42k4wYiOdFE-00414-00239528-00239864": "and this is just the c could be anything it just makes it reproducible", "42k4wYiOdFE-00415-00239936-00240464": "um and you can you can maybe intuit the name of this function is called workflow map", "42k4wYiOdFE-00416-00240464-00241056": "and it's basically like a per map where basically we're gonna do the same thing across all the rows", "42k4wYiOdFE-00417-00241119-00241712": "of this data set so it's like we're mapping across our eight different workflows here um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00418-00241776-00242352": "so we run workflow map by default what it'll do is for the models with tuning parallels or", "42k4wYiOdFE-00419-00242352-00243008": "use grid search to optimize them for models with no tuning parameters like that initial lm model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00420-00243088-00243767": "it'll just resample it to estimate performance so you can use like bayesian optimization you can use", "42k4wYiOdFE-00421-00243767-00244248": "racing which i'll show in a little bit anything you want to here by adjusting a different option", "42k4wYiOdFE-00422-00244344-00244728": "but by default it will do something pretty benign that works fairly well", "42k4wYiOdFE-00423-00244919-00245248": "since we'll need to do grid search for a bunch of these models you just", "42k4wYiOdFE-00424-00245248-00245671": "you can give it a specific grid or you can just say hey pick 20 values that you think are good", "42k4wYiOdFE-00425-00245744-00246232": "um and we'll do that and then another optional thing that we'll do is we'll", "42k4wYiOdFE-00426-00246232-00246864": "tell it to optimize the arma c here so when we look at which workflow work best", "42k4wYiOdFE-00427-00246864-00247400": "we'll pick the one with the smallest rmse so that gets estimated across all the the grade", "42k4wYiOdFE-00428-00247400-00248448": "values and all the resamples so it's quite a lot of computations it's like 20 times 67 times 7 plus", "42k4wYiOdFE-00429-00248616-00249288": "67 model fits so it's in the thousands um now one nice thing is we can do this all with parallel", "42k4wYiOdFE-00430-00249288-00249767": "processing so if we have like eight cores on our machine we can split all those computations up", "42k4wYiOdFE-00431-00249767-00250216": "across eight different cores and we'll probably get like a maybe like a five-fold speed up by", "42k4wYiOdFE-00432-00250216-00250656": "doing that depending on your model and your data set and so on so it is a lot of model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00433-00250656-00251216": "fits but at the same time we've optimized a lot of the numeric components of this pretty well", "42k4wYiOdFE-00434-00251504-00252256": "so once i run this there's like a verbose flag you can set that tells you the progress it's doing but", "42k4wYiOdFE-00435-00252256-00252736": "once it's done when you print the results this looks very similar what we had before", "42k4wYiOdFE-00436-00252736-00253328": "but you might notice that this result column is populated now with a bunch of objects", "42k4wYiOdFE-00437-00253328-00253864": "so resampling this rsmp means it was a resampled model fit", "42k4wYiOdFE-00438-00253864-00254471": "means it had no tuning parameters the plus here means it executed without any problems", "42k4wYiOdFE-00439-00254471-00254919": "like if it just crashed because you misspecified something or there was something weird in the data", "42k4wYiOdFE-00440-00254919-00255576": "you'd see an x here so it wouldn't just stop execution if there's a problem and so this itself", "42k4wYiOdFE-00441-00255648-00256040": "doesn't really tell you much right it's just telling you that you have all your results", "42k4wYiOdFE-00442-00256040-00256544": "we have tuning results across some of the models and then just resampling results for the basic lm", "42k4wYiOdFE-00443-00256544-00257192": "model what we've done is provided a really high level api so if you just want to rank the results", "42k4wYiOdFE-00444-00257280-00257960": "there's a function called you know rank results this option select best says give me the results", "42k4wYiOdFE-00445-00258023-00258600": "uh using the best within each workflow so if we fit like 20 different tuning parameters", "42k4wYiOdFE-00446-00258600-00259328": "for the pls uh model with lm just show me the best don't rank them by all their models like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00447-00259328-00259823": "basically rank at the workflow level and so this gives you a tibble back i did uh just", "42k4wYiOdFE-00448-00259823-00260464": "a simple select here so it fits on the page and you can see that there's about the same arma c", "42k4wYiOdFE-00449-00260464-00261048": "for like let's say five of these models like numerically the best one was using partial least", "42k4wYiOdFE-00450-00261048-00261671": "squares with lm the neural net models didn't do so well there's one that does fairly well here", "42k4wYiOdFE-00451-00261840-00262520": "but it's really not any different than the pls model um so this really quickly can tell you like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00452-00262520-00263024": "all right where should i focus on my work on like in this data set you might not know ahead of time", "42k4wYiOdFE-00453-00263024-00263512": "like well should i fit some big like complicated non-linear model should linear functions work", "42k4wYiOdFE-00454-00263568-00264216": "like do i need trees you know and and this to me tells me that even the basic linear model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00455-00264216-00264728": "did pretty well so this is telling me that for the most part the neural network isn't really", "42k4wYiOdFE-00456-00264728-00265240": "necessary that most of the effects here that we're seeing are linear and you know instead of writing", "42k4wYiOdFE-00457-00265240-00266184": "eight different scripts to figure that out you can do it in about you know 10 lines of our code", "42k4wYiOdFE-00458-00266288-00267032": "there's also a nice autoplot method if you just use autoplot here it it plots all the the models", "42k4wYiOdFE-00459-00267032-00267608": "that were fitted across all the workflows so actually i thought it was oh so these are", "42k4wYiOdFE-00460-00267608-00268432": "the the mean and standard error of the resampling results so this dot here for the first workflow is", "42k4wYiOdFE-00461-00268432-00269040": "average across all the resamples so you can see there were like i don't know about a hundred and", "42k4wYiOdFE-00462-00269040-00269568": "something models that were fit here some of them do really not great um and then you can", "42k4wYiOdFE-00463-00269568-00270088": "see some that are sort of in between but then we have this plateau here with a few at the bottom", "42k4wYiOdFE-00464-00270160-00270728": "um and you can see that they are um virtually the same here if not really the same", "42k4wYiOdFE-00465-00270800-00271288": "down here so we have a lot of models we can choose from um even though like one is always", "42k4wYiOdFE-00466-00271288-00271680": "going to rank higher than the rest these you can see especially from the standard errors", "42k4wYiOdFE-00467-00271680-00272072": "these things are pretty much the same they're colored by the type of model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00468-00272176-00272728": "there are ways to produce more complicated plots from these results that are you can see that in", "42k4wYiOdFE-00469-00272728-00273320": "the help file if we just want to know this like at the workflow level um so like there's a lot", "42k4wYiOdFE-00470-00273320-00273832": "of data in here from the same workflows so if we want to do select best it'll rank them", "42k4wYiOdFE-00471-00273832-00274328": "by the best within a workflow and then again like the number one here was that pls model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00472-00274408-00274928": "we also had a neural network that did about the same and so on so you can see the best model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00473-00274928-00275320": "within each workflow is actually not terrible there's not a lot differentiating them here", "42k4wYiOdFE-00474-00275880-00276448": "so we can also pass in individual options you know so i mentioned that um the minimum", "42k4wYiOdFE-00475-00276448-00276920": "correlation here it's it's almost 0.9 i thought was about 0.8 so we might want", "42k4wYiOdFE-00476-00276920-00277512": "to optimize not between 0 and 1 which is the default range for that tuning parameter but", "42k4wYiOdFE-00477-00277512-00278064": "we might want to set the um threshold for that parameter to be you know instead of zero to one", "42k4wYiOdFE-00478-00278064-00278648": "you know this range so that your your tuning parameters um do a good job covering the data", "42k4wYiOdFE-00479-00278864-00279536": "and so one thing you do is you before you fit the model you can just update the parameters for these", "42k4wYiOdFE-00480-00279536-00279904": "um like if you've used tiny models this is a pretty standard way to update tuning", "42k4wYiOdFE-00481-00279904-00280544": "parameter ranges so that all works here just the same as it does in tiny models and then to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00482-00280544-00281184": "add them back in the workflow you just do this thing we say add this option for this workflow", "42k4wYiOdFE-00483-00281184-00281728": "i'm sorry for this workflow and replace the the default parameter ranges for these things", "42k4wYiOdFE-00484-00281728-00282296": "and then you can go on your way and fit those the way you like so there's a lot of options", "42k4wYiOdFE-00485-00282296-00282880": "in workflow sets in case you want to customize each individual workflow there's a lot of apis", "42k4wYiOdFE-00486-00282880-00283424": "to do that so that's nice uh question is there a potential for sort of meta overfitting issue with", "42k4wYiOdFE-00487-00283424-00283872": "this approach yes there is that's that's what i was like really worried about when i started to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00488-00283872-00284384": "write the package it's not terrible though i mean it's a real but it's not necessarily", "42k4wYiOdFE-00489-00284728-00285368": "we've mitigated as much of that risk as we can uh the one thing that mitigates that is we resample", "42k4wYiOdFE-00490-00285368-00285880": "so if you were really really overfitting resampling results would be very poor so we", "42k4wYiOdFE-00491-00285880-00286544": "protect you from that standpoint by just not like repredicting the training set um so we've we've", "42k4wYiOdFE-00492-00286544-00287008": "enforced good methodology that way you can use a validation set here if you want to that also", "42k4wYiOdFE-00493-00287008-00287592": "works pretty well if you have enough data another thing that we do to protect against overfitting", "42k4wYiOdFE-00494-00287592-00288120": "is like what i was describing at the very beginning that we've incorporated all the noise", "42k4wYiOdFE-00495-00288176-00288784": "of our pre-processing parts inside of all that resampling so we're resampling appropriately", "42k4wYiOdFE-00496-00288840-00289328": "so you can imagine like including some feature selection bits in here that would have a lot of", "42k4wYiOdFE-00497-00289328-00290128": "potential to overfit we make sure that we do those parts um correctly so that if you were to overfit", "42k4wYiOdFE-00498-00290128-00290608": "either in the resample or either in selecting features or tuning the model parameters", "42k4wYiOdFE-00499-00290664-00291432": "your performance as measured with a workflow set would be really uh poor so we do a pretty good job", "42k4wYiOdFE-00500-00291432-00292080": "i think in fact i think we do a really good job of like catching things that would um overfit i think", "42k4wYiOdFE-00501-00292080-00292592": "the risk you run here is a small amount i really do think it's a small amount of optimization bias", "42k4wYiOdFE-00502-00292592-00293160": "so you might look at this and say oh wow i should expect this model to give me an rmse that's about", "42k4wYiOdFE-00503-00293160-00293960": "uh 2.05 you know and i know what the variation is on that well this is the best um the best results", "42k4wYiOdFE-00504-00293960-00294440": "from within that workflow so we're like picking the best and thinking that that's a good estimate", "42k4wYiOdFE-00505-00294496-00295104": "of overall what it should be and that includes some optimization bias here the fact that we're", "42k4wYiOdFE-00506-00295104-00295736": "not re-estimating performance once we found the optimum with different data it's a real problem", "42k4wYiOdFE-00507-00295736-00296576": "but i really think it's for the most part not a practical issue um optimization bias is real", "42k4wYiOdFE-00508-00296648-00297304": "but the true arma z here might be like 2.1 i i tend to i've tried to measure this over and over", "42k4wYiOdFE-00509-00297304-00298048": "again across a lot of different data sets and what i found is yes by choosing the best results here", "42k4wYiOdFE-00510-00298048-00298696": "from the tuning process and saying that is the the estimate of performance you do incur a real bias", "42k4wYiOdFE-00511-00298696-00299224": "but every time i've looked at this it's always well well within the noise of like resampling or", "42k4wYiOdFE-00512-00299224-00300088": "estimation so i think it's a real but very with ex with a few situations a very minor amount of bias", "42k4wYiOdFE-00513-00300088-00300504": "that you get the the problem is if you want to get rid of that bias you have to do like a nested", "42k4wYiOdFE-00514-00300504-00301056": "resampling and now you've just exponentially like increased the amount of computational time that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00515-00301056-00301552": "things take so i think when you do when you do these methods to get rid of optimization", "42k4wYiOdFE-00516-00301552-00302000": "bias they work really well but you're spending a lot of time in computing power to get rid of", "42k4wYiOdFE-00517-00302000-00302632": "something that is like a one percent or a five percent problem so that's my view on things", "42k4wYiOdFE-00518-00302848-00303576": "okay so there's a bunch of like auto plot methods like you might want to know for a particular model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00519-00303656-00304224": "like um you know what tuning why did it choose the tuning parameters that it did so for example", "42k4wYiOdFE-00520-00304224-00304936": "what you can do is you could um uh update the results here you can look at the rankings", "42k4wYiOdFE-00521-00305000-00305648": "and see that so this this is where i recomputed the neural net or the the filtering um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00522-00305704-00306304": "step to adjust the range to be between 0.8 and 0.1 and when i do that and recompute just those", "42k4wYiOdFE-00523-00306304-00306784": "bits with the updated tuning parameter range well look it turns out that doing that filtering", "42k4wYiOdFE-00524-00306880-00307456": "uh on a better range actually increased performance considerably so you know the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00525-00307456-00308080": "these seem to be the best models previously um but now that i fixed the range of parameters", "42k4wYiOdFE-00526-00308080-00308648": "the neural network is slightly slightly edging out that the lm model with with just a little", "42k4wYiOdFE-00527-00308648-00309224": "bit of feature selection so this tells me that an appropriate range for feature selection did better", "42k4wYiOdFE-00528-00309288-00309888": "than all the extraction methods now it's not much better like you can see the noise here but um but", "42k4wYiOdFE-00529-00309888-00310408": "these now are ranked higher than the others and if i want to see like okay for this model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00530-00310496-00310928": "you know which tuning parameters seem to do the best there's an auto plot method for that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00531-00310928-00311416": "you just tell it which workflow you want to look at and then here are the 20 data points", "42k4wYiOdFE-00532-00311416-00311928": "you can see that it liked a lot of regularization uh we might want to increase the regularization", "42k4wYiOdFE-00533-00311928-00312528": "even more to get better results maybe maybe add more epochs although that's not a huge effect", "42k4wYiOdFE-00534-00312528-00313392": "and so on so um so yeah that's um that's another visualization you can do", "42k4wYiOdFE-00535-00313656-00314136": "so one other thing that we've included inside of workflow sets is it's one thing to be like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00536-00314136-00314720": "oh well this is the best model you know is you know now we're looking at a arma c and", "42k4wYiOdFE-00537-00314720-00315624": "these are units or thousands of riders so um so armacy in this is about you know 2020 riders", "42k4wYiOdFE-00538-00315720-00316272": "um you know when we're doing prediction and this one's about 2040 riders right so that's a", "42k4wYiOdFE-00539-00316272-00316784": "it's a pretty small difference uh we don't know if it's statistically significant uh it turns out", "42k4wYiOdFE-00540-00316784-00317304": "there's just one type of bayesian analysis called rope estimation region of practical equivalence", "42k4wYiOdFE-00541-00317360-00317912": "and what you can do is you can say like before you see the results you can say like well how big of", "42k4wYiOdFE-00542-00317912-00318704": "an effect would i want to see to call two models different so the size here of a value of point uh", "42k4wYiOdFE-00543-00318760-00319384": "0.1 says that you know all things being equal if i had a one model um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00544-00319496-00320048": "that have an armacy of like two and i had another model that an armisticy of like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00545-00320048-00320464": "2.1 i wouldn't consider that to be like a practical difference", "42k4wYiOdFE-00546-00320584-00321152": "and so we have this package called tiny posterior which basically does um a bayesian estimation", "42k4wYiOdFE-00547-00321152-00321656": "using the resampling to calculate the actual probability that these models are equivalent", "42k4wYiOdFE-00548-00321720-00322296": "so when we rank them by workflow here um the probability of practical equivalence based on", "42k4wYiOdFE-00549-00322296-00322952": "the posterior distribution um you know our our leading workflow is in the first position here", "42k4wYiOdFE-00550-00322952-00323448": "but the one that comes after that has slightly less performance has a probability of about i", "42k4wYiOdFE-00551-00323448-00324152": "think it's like 0.82 i think of being practically equivalent to the best recipe so what this will", "42k4wYiOdFE-00552-00324152-00324800": "do is it tells you you know based on the effect size you specify um a priori you know it tells", "42k4wYiOdFE-00553-00324800-00325280": "you which one of these things are really equal to the others because this might be a a model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00554-00325280-00325888": "that does numerically better but this model in fact this is a neural network but this lm model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00555-00325888-00326248": "you know there's a pretty high probability that it's practically equivalent to the to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00556-00326248-00326728": "the neural network and so there's a lot less parameters and it's probably a lot more robust", "42k4wYiOdFE-00557-00326784-00327512": "so you know this gives us some idea of like um of how um how real that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00558-00327512-00327872": "effect is like there's like statistical differences and there's like practical", "42k4wYiOdFE-00559-00327872-00328368": "differences and this rope estimation method helps you incorporate both of those together", "42k4wYiOdFE-00560-00328576-00329184": "okay how about how much time do i have left i don't i can't remember what time we started", "42k4wYiOdFE-00561-00329392-00330056": "they have like five or ten minutes yeah definitely we have the room booked i think until 8 30 so", "42k4wYiOdFE-00562-00330120-00330376": "yeah feel free to go through anything else you wanted to all right", "42k4wYiOdFE-00563-00330472-00330992": "i don't think i have much more after this so you know this is where like the the basic uh", "42k4wYiOdFE-00564-00330992-00331448": "application of workflow sets comes in is like we want to try a bunch of different techniques to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00565-00331448-00331920": "solve a problem we don't know which one's best uh we don't want to have to write a bunch of", "42k4wYiOdFE-00566-00331920-00332288": "different scripts to try a bunch of different things with a bunch of replication of code", "42k4wYiOdFE-00567-00332344-00332856": "so it allows you to bundle all together fit it pretty efficiently and then analyze the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00568-00332856-00333448": "results like this analyze them as a cohesive set of analyses that you can compare and contrast with", "42k4wYiOdFE-00569-00333648-00334240": "another thing you can do is there's this approach called racing methods and this is a way that you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00570-00334240-00334912": "can really really efficiently screen models so imagine two models where one is just really", "42k4wYiOdFE-00571-00334912-00335608": "awful and then one does you know fairly well well right now we're doing is it like 67 resamples", "42k4wYiOdFE-00572-00335608-00336168": "so the the problem with like um grid cert or one of the problems with grid search is you have to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00573-00336168-00336688": "get all the results before you know if any of them just stink right like if there's something you try", "42k4wYiOdFE-00574-00336688-00337200": "but you know pretty quickly it's not going to work well you can't figure that out with grid", "42k4wYiOdFE-00575-00337200-00337568": "search and because you have to do them all to get the results back so what rather", "42k4wYiOdFE-00576-00337568-00338064": "racing methods do is you give it like a burn-in period we say like i don't know let's look at", "42k4wYiOdFE-00577-00338064-00338560": "like the first five resamples and you resample all the tuning parameters let's say for the first five", "42k4wYiOdFE-00578-00338616-00339240": "resamples and then you do some basically some data analysis to figure out like what's the probability", "42k4wYiOdFE-00579-00339240-00339776": "any one of those tuning parameter methods is going to be the best so if you had like let's say you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00580-00339776-00340528": "had a neural network and you had like one hidden unit versus like 20 and 20 was doing well but one", "42k4wYiOdFE-00581-00340528-00341192": "had really bad performance like if i resampled five of them i have like 62 more to look at", "42k4wYiOdFE-00582-00341192-00341728": "well you might not even want to consider that that single uh well that would be like clear", "42k4wYiOdFE-00583-00341728-00342280": "russian i should say two hidden units like that two hidden unit model because it has a very very", "42k4wYiOdFE-00584-00342280-00342728": "low probability based on the existing data of being optimal and so there's a bunch of different", "42k4wYiOdFE-00585-00342728-00343768": "ways you can do racing um you can incorporate that into um uh this workflow set approach and", "42k4wYiOdFE-00586-00343832-00344232": "there's a couple there's a bunch of papers written about this i wrote one like four or five years ago", "42k4wYiOdFE-00587-00344328-00344888": "and in the tiny models book um we showed some examples of this like between parallel", "42k4wYiOdFE-00588-00344888-00345440": "processing and racing like sometimes you can get like i don't know like a 30-fold", "42k4wYiOdFE-00589-00345440-00345872": "speed up in your computations depending on what you're doing like this wouldn't be great if you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00590-00345872-00346464": "were doing like five-fold like cross-validation but if you have a lot of models and like you know", "42k4wYiOdFE-00591-00346464-00347184": "like 10-fold cross-validation you can sometimes cut the amount of time you spend down considerably", "42k4wYiOdFE-00592-00347304-00347784": "because what it does is it only ends up resampling the models that seem like they're working really", "42k4wYiOdFE-00593-00347784-00348376": "well and as you get more resamples the power it has of differentiating between these sub models", "42k4wYiOdFE-00594-00348376-00348992": "these tuning parameters becomes really increased so at the end of racing you have thrown out a", "42k4wYiOdFE-00595-00348992-00349472": "bunch of models that you didn't even really need to consider and you know that pretty early on so", "42k4wYiOdFE-00596-00349472-00350048": "you don't end up resampling those we have a pretty good chapter on that in tiny models", "42k4wYiOdFE-00597-00350112-00350960": "um the link is for the the sections in there but um but just to give you a sense of what it's doing", "42k4wYiOdFE-00598-00350960-00351744": "where is that here uh racing methods like if you were looking at like an rc curve analysis as your", "42k4wYiOdFE-00599-00351744-00352264": "performance metric you know the best rsc curve might be here and then it does some statistical", "42k4wYiOdFE-00600-00352264-00352704": "tests to figure out which ones are statistically different than the best and then it would", "42k4wYiOdFE-00601-00352704-00353208": "eliminate a bunch of parameters that just have no statistical probability of end up being the best", "42k4wYiOdFE-00602-00353280-00354016": "and so it just does that that re-analysis as you go through re-samples and you very quickly end", "42k4wYiOdFE-00603-00354016-00354576": "up getting very quickly to like what seemed to be the optimal results and then at least in the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00604-00354576-00355176": "paper that i referenced here um you know there were very rare cases where you end up getting", "42k4wYiOdFE-00605-00355176-00355640": "an awful model in fact you never really got an awful model you maybe like 50 of the", "42k4wYiOdFE-00606-00355640-00356152": "time we get the one that you would have picked anyway from the full set of resamples and then", "42k4wYiOdFE-00607-00356152-00356640": "a lot of times there are some tuning parameters that have about the same performance so it was", "42k4wYiOdFE-00608-00356640-00357048": "almost it was incredibly rare that we would get like a bad model from this racing approach", "42k4wYiOdFE-00609-00357104-00357536": "and so if you're fitting a bunch of different models and resampling them racing here just", "42k4wYiOdFE-00610-00357536-00358064": "is like an amplification of efficiency by including racing with your workflow sets", "42k4wYiOdFE-00611-00358232-00358856": "i have a there's a chapter in tiny models where we look at exactly this application", "42k4wYiOdFE-00612-00358856-00359240": "of using workflow sets with racing so i think that's this chapter you can look at", "42k4wYiOdFE-00613-00359528-00359928": "um and to do that if you want to use like the anova racing method", "42k4wYiOdFE-00614-00359928-00360288": "that your all your other code would stay the same you would just change the first", "42k4wYiOdFE-00615-00360288-00360744": "argument to instead of grid or tune grid you would use a different uh tuning object", "42k4wYiOdFE-00616-00360808-00361384": "um from uh from one of our tiny models packages so it's pretty easy to use", "42k4wYiOdFE-00617-00361584-00362056": "um i'll talk about this and then skip the last application so we have time for questions", "42k4wYiOdFE-00618-00362056-00362656": "um you know speaking of automl one way to do that is to use this ensemble method called stacking", "42k4wYiOdFE-00619-00362656-00363272": "and what stacking does is you fit a bunch of different models using the same resamples and", "42k4wYiOdFE-00620-00363272-00363664": "then what you do is you build sort of a metal model on top of those re-samples", "42k4wYiOdFE-00621-00363736-00364512": "to basically have an ensemble model that might be like you know six percent neural net three percent", "42k4wYiOdFE-00622-00364512-00365056": "nearest neighbors like 20 linear model so you can take all the models that you build along the way", "42k4wYiOdFE-00623-00365120-00365720": "and then see if combining them in a stacked ensemble will do better prediction-wise um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00624-00365776-00366456": "and so we uh i had an intern last year simon summit couch who actually won the john chambers", "42k4wYiOdFE-00625-00366456-00367080": "award for this particular package called stacks it was his summer intern um project and so basically", "42k4wYiOdFE-00626-00367080-00367728": "you can take all the results you have from your workflow set and just automatically add them to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00627-00367728-00368328": "the stacked ensemble find the appropriate blend of models and then finalize the model by fitting", "42k4wYiOdFE-00628-00368328-00368904": "all the the particular members that you need so there's a lot more at stacks.timeouts.org", "42k4wYiOdFE-00629-00368904-00369360": "we have a chapter we haven't merged the pr yet but there's a chapter of this in the book", "42k4wYiOdFE-00630-00369360-00370048": "um that should be merged i'm hoping in a week or two again it's a very powerful thing um it", "42k4wYiOdFE-00631-00370048-00370600": "most usually it almost always gives you better performance than any individual model the problems", "42k4wYiOdFE-00632-00370600-00371184": "are that it might be like a one percent increase in performance so it's usually very meager", "42k4wYiOdFE-00633-00371248-00371904": "improvements um so it's easy to do and it's fast so you know the nice thing is it's not", "42k4wYiOdFE-00634-00371904-00372384": "hard to do but the thing is like if you end up ensembling like 20 different models", "42k4wYiOdFE-00635-00372384-00372824": "now your ensemble you have to have fits for those 20 different models so sometimes it takes a while", "42k4wYiOdFE-00636-00372880-00373368": "now i should say that you know when i was in drug discovery and we were looking at particular", "42k4wYiOdFE-00637-00373432-00373920": "like i was in the part where we were screening compounds we'd screen like millions of compounds", "42k4wYiOdFE-00638-00373920-00374464": "and we would want to know like you know are they toxic or are they going to be like effective like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00639-00374464-00374928": "are they hitting the target that we want the drug to to hit and i'll i'll be honest with", "42k4wYiOdFE-00640-00374928-00375544": "you if i'd increased like the you know the r the r squared by like one or two percent", "42k4wYiOdFE-00641-00375544-00376104": "they might throw me a parade like that if you're screening like millions of things a one percent", "42k4wYiOdFE-00642-00376104-00376576": "improvement doesn't sound like much but it might be the difference between finding like a drug", "42k4wYiOdFE-00643-00376576-00377184": "a good molecule and not finding it um so if you're in situations like it's mostly used for like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00644-00377184-00377704": "cattle competitions but if you're in a situation where performance is super super important", "42k4wYiOdFE-00645-00377704-00378376": "for your model um if you're in that context then stacking can be like a godsend for you um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00646-00378472-00379088": "h2o has a fantastic method for doing the same thing um so if you definitely like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00647-00379160-00379896": "like our our performance computational performance is pretty good in tiny models in an r um h2o is", "42k4wYiOdFE-00648-00379896-00380424": "kind of like another level it's super super well optimized um you don't have the same features that", "42k4wYiOdFE-00649-00380424-00381040": "you have here like you can't use recipes and things like that but at the same time uh h2o", "42k4wYiOdFE-00650-00381040-00381432": "is great so you should definitely try that if you're going to do something like this", "42k4wYiOdFE-00651-00381488-00382048": "not to diminish what simon did but it's really to me like a fantastic implementation that definitely", "42k4wYiOdFE-00652-00382048-00382600": "worth talking about um i'll stop there there's another application of like doing like variable", "42k4wYiOdFE-00653-00382600-00383064": "assessment using workflow sets but that's like another five slides and i should probably stop", "42k4wYiOdFE-00654-00383064-00383552": "talking um but it's here and you can always like tweet at me if you have any questions about it", "42k4wYiOdFE-00655-00383608-00384184": "um you know in summary workflow sets could be really really good when you need to try", "42k4wYiOdFE-00656-00384184-00384584": "when you're in the early phase of things you just want to want to try a bunch of stuff", "42k4wYiOdFE-00657-00384584-00385288": "to figure out like what the data needs does it need non-linear features does it need like does", "42k4wYiOdFE-00658-00385288-00385704": "it seem to work better with trees does it need interactions like if you don't know those things", "42k4wYiOdFE-00659-00385760-00386304": "uh workflow sets could be really really efficient to help figure it out it also feeds nicely into", "42k4wYiOdFE-00660-00386304-00386808": "stacking so that's great if you want to use all the like the ranking features that we have", "42k4wYiOdFE-00661-00386808-00387352": "in workflow sets but you've already built a bunch of models outside like a workflow set we actually", "42k4wYiOdFE-00662-00387352-00387904": "have an as workflow set uh function that will make an artificial workflow set out of them as if you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00663-00387904-00388472": "started that way um so that's a nice little thing but you know just one caveat like i said earlier", "42k4wYiOdFE-00664-00388560-00389032": "i don't see this as the thing you're always going to use like it's it's a nice package that does", "42k4wYiOdFE-00665-00389032-00389456": "a lot of interesting good things but it's not like ninety percent of the time you'll be using", "42k4wYiOdFE-00666-00389456-00390392": "workflow sets so just you know don't don't over optimize this would be my fear um and then finally", "42k4wYiOdFE-00667-00390392-00390896": "you know i have a great team so davis julie and hannah are fantastic so i want to thank them", "42k4wYiOdFE-00668-00390896-00391600": "allison hill you know i think i've got the perfect set of css in my sharingan slides then allison", "42k4wYiOdFE-00669-00391600-00392272": "does something else and she's always been great about giving us like templates for use for using", "42k4wYiOdFE-00670-00392272-00392968": "uh in presentations so definitely want to thank her and also a huge thanks for inviting me um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00671-00392968-00393496": "i i said earlier that like like i was scheduling it and had to cancel and i was kind of a", "42k4wYiOdFE-00672-00393496-00394048": "kind of a pain in the ass to get uh scheduled so i want to thank the patients of the organizers", "42k4wYiOdFE-00673-00394048-00394984": "uh for getting me here uh when they did so that's it", "42k4wYiOdFE-00674-00395096-00395552": "thank you so much um if anyone has any final questions feel free to either", "42k4wYiOdFE-00675-00395552-00396384": "mute yourself or throw that in the chat real quick just give that a minute", "42k4wYiOdFE-00676-00397904-00398568": "so i don't know if this is a ring endorsement or a condemnation uh i had it here somewhere i don't", "42k4wYiOdFE-00677-00398568-00399296": "know if any of you have been watching sliced the the twitch stream that's like data analysis um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00678-00399432-00399808": "where it's like a it's like a two hour two hour like kaggle competition where they get like four", "42k4wYiOdFE-00679-00399808-00400416": "or five people like julian david robinson and um jesse mopak um and a bunch of people have", "42k4wYiOdFE-00680-00400416-00400976": "been on it and a lot of python people but they tweeted the other day somebody noticed that um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00681-00401056-00401360": "that just is like a little humble brag we're not so humble brag that like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00682-00401432-00401968": "what i didn't realize is of all the r people like everybody's using tiny models which i", "42k4wYiOdFE-00683-00401968-00402368": "thought was really nice because like you know there's mlr there's carrot which is", "42k4wYiOdFE-00684-00402368-00402816": "like my thing from a while back but um i just thought this was a nice little um", "42k4wYiOdFE-00685-00403152-00403568": "call out to what we've been working on so i look at this as a good like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00686-00403568-00403816": "um endorsement of the work that we've been doing", "42k4wYiOdFE-00687-00404216-00404656": "endorsement of your work and also an endorsement of sliced super fun", "42k4wYiOdFE-00688-00405048-00405640": "oh so apparently david posted something too yeah david's great um one thing david did is he", "42k4wYiOdFE-00689-00405640-00406104": "contacted us because we like you know we've known him for a while he wrote broom and all that and he", "42k4wYiOdFE-00690-00406104-00406584": "actually had we just were i like i did a i've done like today and yesterday i think i've done like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00691-00406584-00407248": "six cran submissions across 20 models and a few of those were for api things that david suggested", "42k4wYiOdFE-00692-00407248-00407720": "that we're like oh how come i never thought of that so much like the tiny verse like when we", "42k4wYiOdFE-00693-00407720-00408392": "find a better way of doing something like we do it um unlike the tiny verse like tidy models tend to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00694-00408392-00408904": "break less things i should maybe say that because i'll probably jinx it like next week i'll break", "42k4wYiOdFE-00695-00408904-00409464": "something but um you know like david had a point that like if you want to fit like an lm model it", "42k4wYiOdFE-00696-00409464-00409912": "should be like one line and he was like and that would be really easy if you just did this we're", "42k4wYiOdFE-00697-00409912-00410464": "like oh my god he's right so we definitely want feedback we we very much react to feedback so", "42k4wYiOdFE-00698-00410552-00410880": "anything if you use it anything that you're like wow this is kind of a pain", "42k4wYiOdFE-00699-00410935-00411256": "definitely like we want to hear we're not going to like give you a hard time for", "42k4wYiOdFE-00700-00411256-00411784": "that but we want to know if there's any other ways to improve what we're working on so yeah", "42k4wYiOdFE-00701-00413088-00413808": "i think that does lead to a great question of um if we have comments or issues or do", "42k4wYiOdFE-00702-00413808-00414216": "want to contribute to tidy models in general what is the best way", "42k4wYiOdFE-00703-00414280-00415000": "um to do that is that through git is that through twitter um so if you know what you want to do", "42k4wYiOdFE-00704-00415056-00415528": "like you're like oh it'd be good if we had a recipe stuff to do this or if it's even something", "42k4wYiOdFE-00705-00415528-00415960": "you know would be a good idea but you're like yeah but i don't wanna i'm not a software engineer like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00706-00415960-00416408": "i don't know how to do that like probably the best thing would be to submit an issue through github", "42k4wYiOdFE-00707-00416472-00417224": "um or tweet at us either like julia and me and davis and hannah were all pretty active on twitter", "42k4wYiOdFE-00708-00417224-00417696": "i'd say github issue would probably be better because long form is better to explain what you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00709-00417696-00418088": "want to do um if you know what you want to do and you feel like you can do it then put in a", "42k4wYiOdFE-00710-00418088-00419016": "pull request um we um you might want to talk to us about it first um because uh like we we put a lot", "42k4wYiOdFE-00711-00419016-00419424": "of developer documentation on the tinymodels.org site so if you want to make like a new model", "42k4wYiOdFE-00712-00419480-00419920": "like parsley model or something like there's a lot of information on how to do that type of thing", "42k4wYiOdFE-00713-00419920-00420416": "but you know it doesn't hurt to contact us and say hey you know like we were putting together like", "42k4wYiOdFE-00714-00420416-00420984": "general ada generalized additive models and then somebody else was developing a whole package for", "42k4wYiOdFE-00715-00420984-00421496": "that with tidy models and to be honest with you they didn't do a great job like they're like we", "42k4wYiOdFE-00716-00421496-00421976": "have a lot of things you know it's like the tiny burst we have a lot of things that we definitely", "42k4wYiOdFE-00717-00421976-00422535": "do like we like our argument names not to be very jargony so like the penalty parameter for glimnic", "42k4wYiOdFE-00718-00422535-00422992": "we don't call that lambda because nobody who's if you've not read the papers that what does lambda", "42k4wYiOdFE-00719-00422992-00423528": "mean right like i don't know so so you know we tend to use like real words like penalty", "42k4wYiOdFE-00720-00423584-00423984": "um and so you know if you're gonna if you're gonna do something maybe run it not like you", "42k4wYiOdFE-00721-00423984-00424432": "need our permission but write it by us to say like hey do you have any suggestions or things i should", "42k4wYiOdFE-00722-00424432-00425072": "look out for but you know even if it's like fixing typos or you know asking questions especially if", "42k4wYiOdFE-00723-00425072-00425568": "there's like a really good contribution would be like david did like saying like hey i did", "42k4wYiOdFE-00724-00425568-00426120": "all this stuff like here's what i did did i make this more difficult than i should have been or is", "42k4wYiOdFE-00725-00426120-00426656": "is that the api is just a little bit like and we would those are really really important things to", "42k4wYiOdFE-00726-00426656-00427208": "us we definitely want to get api uh feedback because you know like i said we want to make", "42k4wYiOdFE-00727-00427208-00427735": "our suck lesser modeling and we don't want you to hate our packages so if you're frustrated by", "42k4wYiOdFE-00728-00427735-00428584": "something or like why does it do this like don't have any worries about contacting us and asking us", "42k4wYiOdFE-00729-00428816-00428952": "awesome thank you"}}, {"audio_id": "42SRMc2UJmg", "text": {"42SRMc2UJmg-00000-00000119-00000933": "This video is about projections and working with data in different projections in R.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00001-00000933-00002070": "Now so far we've worked with raster data and vector data separately using the 'stars' package", "42SRMc2UJmg-00002-00002070-00002583": "for raster data and the 'sf' package for vector data.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00003-00002583-00003215": "So today let's go ahead and start working with them together.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00004-00003215-00004022": "First let's load all of our key packages so we'll run 'library()' to load the stars package", "42SRMc2UJmg-00005-00004022-00004760": "for working with the raster data, and then another line to load the 'sf' package for", "42SRMc2UJmg-00006-00004760-00005542": "working with vector data, and then one final 'library()' call to load the 'ggplot2' package", "42SRMc2UJmg-00007-00005542-00006554": "so that we can graph the results that we get out.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00008-00006554-00007268": "Remember that for raster data we read it in using 'read_stars()', so we'll go ahead and", "42SRMc2UJmg-00009-00007268-00007918": "recreate the raster data layer that we've already worked with so that's 'dtm' our digital", "42SRMc2UJmg-00010-00007918-00008899": "terrain model or elevation at harvard forest and assign it the output from 'read_stars()'", "42SRMc2UJmg-00011-00008899-00009767": "and our data is in the 'data' subdirectory, the 'HARV' subdirectory, and then it's this", "42SRMc2UJmg-00012-00009767-00010609": "'HARV_dtmCrop.tif' file.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00013-00010609-00011640": "Remember we can plot this using 'geom_stars()', so we can say 'ggplot() + geom_stars(data", "42SRMc2UJmg-00014-00011640-00012806": "= dtm harv)' and we'll get out after just a second that raster plot that we've had before", "42SRMc2UJmg-00015-00012806-00013385": "showing elevation.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00016-00013385-00013973": "We can also load our vector data, again I'm going to load all of the data together group", "42SRMc2UJmg-00017-00013973-00014631": "it together in the code where i know where it is, and we'll load those plots that we", "42SRMc2UJmg-00018-00014631-00015462": "saw in the last lesson, so we'll call this 'plots_harv' and we read in vector data using", "42SRMc2UJmg-00019-00015462-00016381": "'st_read()' and then again the data is in the 'data' directory, the 'HARV' directory,", "42SRMc2UJmg-00020-00016381-00017339": "and then it's the 'harv_plots.shp' for shape file.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00021-00017339-00018214": "And remember we can graph it on its own by using ggplot plus and now it's 'geom_sf' because", "42SRMc2UJmg-00022-00018214-00019323": "this is vector data from the 'sf' package, 'geom_sf(data = plots_harv)'.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00023-00019323-00019836": "So this is where we've gotten to up to this point we can load raster data and graph it;", "42SRMc2UJmg-00024-00019836-00020087": "we can load vector data and graph it.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00025-00020087-00020773": "Now let's put them together so that we have our plots on top of our raster.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00026-00020773-00021562": "And so we'll do that using a single ggplot command so we'll start with 'ggplot()', again", "42SRMc2UJmg-00027-00021562-00022066": "empty because we're going to add these separate spatial layers from separate sources, and", "42SRMc2UJmg-00028-00022066-00022640": "so then we can add our 'geom_stars() first, because we want that raster layer to be on", "42SRMc2UJmg-00029-00022640-00023218": "the bottom because it's everywhere and then we'll just put the few points on top of it,", "42SRMc2UJmg-00030-00023218-00024226": "so we'll say 'geom_stars(data = dtm_harv)' and then on top of that we want to add our", "42SRMc2UJmg-00031-00024226-00024823": "vector data 'geom_sf(data =plots_harv)'.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00032-00024823-00025727": "Okay, and if we run this we should get out this combination of the two things uh that", "42SRMc2UJmg-00033-00025727-00026923": "we've been working with, but that's not what Iwas expecting anyways... uh... we kind of", "42SRMc2UJmg-00034-00026923-00027801": "seem to have maybe like one point here there's no raster but uh there's some a raster color", "42SRMc2UJmg-00035-00027801-00027906": "ramp.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00036-00027906-00028842": "So what's going on? the reason this graph doesn't work is that the two data sets have", "42SRMc2UJmg-00037-00028842-00029094": "different projections.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00038-00029094-00029691": "And we can see this by going back and looking at the original plots.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00039-00029691-00030527": "If we go back one by pressing this arrow to our vector data, we can see that it's plotted", "42SRMc2UJmg-00040-00030527-00031236": "with latitude and longitude coordinates on the x and y axis.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00041-00031236-00031727": "So they're in the 40 to 70 range.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00042-00031727-00032486": "But if we go back to our raster plot we'll see something very different right these numbers", "42SRMc2UJmg-00043-00032486-00033449": "are in the hundreds of thousands or the millions and so when we try to plot them together they're", "42SRMc2UJmg-00044-00033449-00034196": "very far apart and we get a graph that we almost can't even begin to interpret.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00045-00034196-00034859": "And these differences are because the two sets of data have different coordinate reference", "42SRMc2UJmg-00046-00034859-00035090": "systems or projections.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00047-00035090-00035394": "So what does that mean?", "42SRMc2UJmg-00048-00035394-00036012": "Since the earth is round it's effectively a ball.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00049-00036012-00036824": "When we're going to present it as a flat map we have to stretch that ball out in some way", "42SRMc2UJmg-00050-00036824-00037644": "and there's no single best way to do this and so there are a variety of different projections", "42SRMc2UJmg-00051-00037644-00038352": "which result in different representations of the world and different units for the locations", "42SRMc2UJmg-00052-00038352-00038707": "of the same thing.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00053-00038707-00039316": "And here are some examples of some common projections.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00054-00039316-00039934": "And we can see that for the United States each different projection produces a different", "42SRMc2UJmg-00055-00039934-00040384": "shaped version of the U.S.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00056-00040384-00041010": "And these include a couple of the most common projections including the ones we'll be working", "42SRMc2UJmg-00057-00041010-00042007": "with today, UTM up in the top right, and WGS 84, which is basically latitude and longitude", "42SRMc2UJmg-00058-00042007-00042600": "down here in the bottom right.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00059-00042600-00043468": "And so the coordinate reference system or 'crs' for short indicates which one of these,", "42SRMc2UJmg-00060-00043468-00044775": "what approach, is used to flattening out the curved surface of the earth.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00061-00044775-00045463": "And we can look at the coordinate reference systems for the two objects that we have using", "42SRMc2UJmg-00062-00045463-00046396": "a command called 'st_crs()' ,which will look up the coordinate reference system for both", "42SRMc2UJmg-00063-00046396-00046990": "'sf' and 'stars' objects.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00064-00046990-00048015": "And so if we look at the coordinate reference system for our raster data, so 'st_crs()'", "42SRMc2UJmg-00065-00048015-00049480": "and then the argument is 'dtm_harv', we'll see a whole bunch of information but right", "42SRMc2UJmg-00066-00049480-00050667": "at the top we'll see that the projection is WGS 84 UTM zone 18 north.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00067-00050667-00051434": "And so this is our projection here, is that this is a UTM with this particular zone, and", "42SRMc2UJmg-00068-00051434-00052030": "we'll talk about UTM zones in a minute.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00069-00052030-00053327": "If we run the same command 'st_crs()' on 'plots_harv' to look up its coordinate reference system,", "42SRMc2UJmg-00070-00053327-00054069": "we'll see something different which is that it is just WGS 84 and so that's the equivalent", "42SRMc2UJmg-00071-00054069-00054494": "of latitude and longitude.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00072-00054494-00055250": "So the question then becomes how do we work with spatial data that comes in different", "42SRMc2UJmg-00073-00055250-00055445": "projections.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00074-00055445-00055988": "And the general answer to that is that we transform all of the spatial data that we're", "42SRMc2UJmg-00075-00055988-00056761": "working with into a single projection so that it's all represented in space in the same", "42SRMc2UJmg-00076-00056761-00057084": "way.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00077-00057084-00057766": "And we can do this using the 'st_transform()' function.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00078-00057766-00058579": "This function takes two arguments the geospatial object that we're going to transform and the", "42SRMc2UJmg-00079-00058579-00059105": "coordinate reference system that we want to transform it into.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00080-00059105-00059662": "And there are a variety of different ways to indicate a coordinate reference system", "42SRMc2UJmg-00081-00059662-00060294": "including numeric codes for the coordinate reference system, in fact we can see down", "42SRMc2UJmg-00082-00060294-00061179": "here the number 4326 is the numeric code for this latitude longitude coordinate reference", "42SRMc2UJmg-00083-00061179-00061977": "system, and there are also \"well-known text\" representations that's what 'wkt' stands for", "42SRMc2UJmg-00084-00061977-00063263": "here and so this entire chunk of text here is the wkt representation of this coordinate", "42SRMc2UJmg-00085-00063263-00063539": "reference system.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00086-00063539-00063829": "And so we can use those to do transformations.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00087-00063829-00064608": "And so let's say we wanted to take our raster data and convert it into the latitude longitude", "42SRMc2UJmg-00088-00064608-00064923": "coordinate reference system.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00089-00064923-00066377": "We could call this 'dtm_harv_lat_long', and then we would run this 'st_transform()', function,", "42SRMc2UJmg-00090-00066377-00067165": "and remember it takes two arguments the object we want to transform in this case 'dtm_harv',", "42SRMc2UJmg-00091-00067165-00067623": "and then the coordinate reference system which we could provided in this case by giving it", "42SRMc2UJmg-00092-00067623-00068268": "this numeric code 4326.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00093-00068268-00069618": "And now if I run 'st_crs()' on 'dtm_harv_lat_long' to look up its coordinate reference system,", "42SRMc2UJmg-00094-00069618-00070717": "we'll see that it is this new coordinate reference system 4326 WGS 84 and so we've converted", "42SRMc2UJmg-00095-00070717-00071516": "it from that previous coordinate reference system with UTMs to this lat-long coordinate", "42SRMc2UJmg-00096-00071516-00071969": "reference system.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00097-00071969-00072455": "And we can manually choose the coordinate reference systems that we want to work with", "42SRMc2UJmg-00098-00072455-00072856": "for all of our objects there's good reasons to do that sometimes.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00099-00072856-00073632": "Often the easiest thing to do when combining geospatial data is to match all of the objects", "42SRMc2UJmg-00100-00073632-00074094": "to one of the existing coordinate reference systems.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00101-00074094-00075017": "And we can do this by running 'st_crs()' on the object whose coordinate reference system", "42SRMc2UJmg-00102-00075017-00075244": "you want to match.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00103-00075244-00075923": "And so for us let's transform our plots data to have the same coordinate reference system", "42SRMc2UJmg-00104-00075923-00076358": "as our vector data.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00105-00076358-00077673": "And so let's call this 'plots_harv_utm', we'll assign it the output of 'st_transform()',", "42SRMc2UJmg-00106-00077673-00078502": "that first argument is the spatial object that we want to transform, so that's 'plots_harv',", "42SRMc2UJmg-00107-00078502-00079333": "and now instead of providing a specific numeric value or well-known text representation here,", "42SRMc2UJmg-00108-00079333-00080875": "for the transformation for the crs that we want to work with let's say 'st_crs(dtm_harv).", "42SRMc2UJmg-00109-00080875-00081399": "And so what this is going to do is it's going to look up the coordinate reference system", "42SRMc2UJmg-00110-00081399-00082282": "for our raster and then transform our plot data to have that same coordinate reference", "42SRMc2UJmg-00111-00082282-00082601": "system so we should be able to work with them together.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00112-00082601-00083150": "We'll run that.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00113-00083150-00083664": "So now we have two objects that should have the same coordinate reference system we should", "42SRMc2UJmg-00114-00083664-00084169": "be able to make the plot that we wanted to in the first place.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00115-00084169-00085282": "And so we'll say 'ggplot() +', we'll plot our raster in its original projection 'geom_stars(data", "42SRMc2UJmg-00116-00085282-00086263": "= dtm_harv)', but now to add to that we're going to add our reprojected plot data and", "42SRMc2UJmg-00117-00086263-00087823": "so we'll do that using 'geom_sf(data = plots_harv_utm)', the ones that are in that same UTM projection.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00118-00087823-00088339": "And now hopefully we'll get back the graph that we were looking for in the first place", "42SRMc2UJmg-00119-00088339-00088444": "and we do.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00120-00088444-00089539": "We now have a map that combines our raster data on elevation and the plot data that we", "42SRMc2UJmg-00121-00089539-00089851": "had before.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00122-00089851-00090505": "So we've now worked with a couple of the most common coordinate reference systems WGS 84", "42SRMc2UJmg-00123-00090505-00090870": "or lat-long and UTMs.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00124-00090870-00091547": "The question then becomes what is the best coordinate reference system to work with for", "42SRMc2UJmg-00125-00091547-00091717": "a particular project.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00126-00091717-00092352": "And the answer is there is no best single coordinate reference system because as we", "42SRMc2UJmg-00127-00092352-00093060": "talked about at the beginning when we're flattening a sphere there is no projection that's perfect", "42SRMc2UJmg-00128-00093060-00093381": "for all circumstances.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00129-00093381-00094135": "That said UTM, which stands for \"Universal Transverse Mercator\", is one of the most commonly", "42SRMc2UJmg-00130-00094135-00094935": "used and most appropriate transformations for a lot of ecological research.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00131-00094935-00095782": "It accurately represents local geospatial information and it preserves distance, so", "42SRMc2UJmg-00132-00095782-00096418": "the distance between points or along a transect is the same no matter, where you are on your", "42SRMc2UJmg-00133-00096418-00096700": "map.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00134-00096700-00097247": "And it's primarily designed to work within different zones.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00135-00097247-00098005": "And so here are the UTM zones for the United States.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00136-00098005-00098267": "There are 19 of them in total.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00137-00098267-00098941": "We've been working with this one here UTM zone 18 because Harvard Forest is in the north", "42SRMc2UJmg-00138-00098941-00099161": "east.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00139-00099161-00099945": "And in general as long as your research area falls within a UTM zone choosing that UTM", "42SRMc2UJmg-00140-00099945-00100671": "zone is an excellent general choice for your work.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00141-00100671-00101508": "However because UTM is primarily designed to work within zones it's not a particularly", "42SRMc2UJmg-00142-00101508-00102186": "good choice for research that covers very large spatial scales like the continental", "42SRMc2UJmg-00143-00102186-00102636": "scale research that my group does.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00144-00102636-00103478": "And in that case it's important to sort of think about what aspects of the world you", "42SRMc2UJmg-00145-00103478-00103579": "want to preserve.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00146-00103579-00104254": "And so there are transformations that preserve distance between points, there are transformations", "42SRMc2UJmg-00147-00104254-00104797": "that preserve area, so if we're going to look at the effect of spatial scale on something", "42SRMc2UJmg-00148-00104797-00105526": "at large scales we would want an area preserving transformation, and so on.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00149-00105526-00106015": "And then of course lat-longs while they are a common way and useful way of collecting", "42SRMc2UJmg-00150-00106015-00106858": "data they don't tend to preserve any of the key aspects of data relative to the real world", "42SRMc2UJmg-00151-00106858-00107491": "physical distances or physical areas and so they're often not a particularly good choice", "42SRMc2UJmg-00152-00107491-00107728": "for analysis.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00153-00107728-00108357": "So for most of you the UTM zone within your research area will be the right way to go", "42SRMc2UJmg-00154-00108357-00108950": "and if you work at larger scales think about the things that you want to preserve and investigate", "42SRMc2UJmg-00155-00108950-00109517": "projections like the Azimuthal Equal Area projection or something that preserves distance", "42SRMc2UJmg-00156-00109517-00109801": "or whatever is most important to you.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00157-00109801-00110347": "So that's the basic idea behind projections.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00158-00110347-00110970": "In order to represent geospatial information from the surface of the sphere like earth", "42SRMc2UJmg-00159-00110970-00111336": "we have to find some way to make it flat.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00160-00111336-00111998": "And we do this using projections that are represented as \"coordinate reference systems\"", "42SRMc2UJmg-00161-00111998-00112288": "or CRS for short.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00162-00112288-00112833": "We can use the 'st_transform()\" function to transform data from one coordinate reference", "42SRMc2UJmg-00163-00112833-00113676": "system to another and this is often necessary and important when working with multiple geographical", "42SRMc2UJmg-00164-00113676-00113875": "objects.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00165-00113875-00114348": "Though it is worth noting that in some cases the geospatial tools will quietly handle that", "42SRMc2UJmg-00166-00114348-00114673": "transformation for you in the background.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00167-00114673-00115475": "And in general UTM within the appropriate local zone is the most common coordinate reference", "42SRMc2UJmg-00168-00115475-00116198": "system used for most ecological research.", "42SRMc2UJmg-00169-00116198-00117508": "and if i run this the transformation will run and we could then plot 'ggplot() + geom_stars()',", "42SRMc2UJmg-00170-00117508-00118242": "data is equal to 'dtm_harv_lat_long' so now we're going to look at this in a different", "42SRMc2UJmg-00171-00118242-00119444": "projection And after it finishes running for just a second we should see a different version", "42SRMc2UJmg-00172-00119444-00119841": "of this graph over here on the right", "42SRMc2UJmg-00173-00119841-00121616": "[singing to the Jeopardy tune] do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do", "42SRMc2UJmg-00174-00121616-00122049": "do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do."}}, {"audio_id": "42aOreYJ26o", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "435zDdNuAfg", "text": {"435zDdNuAfg-00000-00000090-00000440": "Welcome everyone to the 9th episode of Fun with Langs.", "435zDdNuAfg-00001-00000500-00000944": "The reason behind the long interval between the 8th and", "435zDdNuAfg-00002-00000960-00001122": "the 9th episode is largely technical.", "435zDdNuAfg-00003-00001156-00001528": "Anyway, I am glad to be back.", "435zDdNuAfg-00004-00001620-00001860": "What we will talk about today is called", "435zDdNuAfg-00005-00001870-00002376": "diglossia, which you can think of as \"two languages.\"", "435zDdNuAfg-00006-00002450-00002740": "If one form of language is used for casual", "435zDdNuAfg-00007-00002752-00003170": "conversations, and another form is used for official,", "435zDdNuAfg-00008-00003202-00003464": "literary and every other formal setting,", "435zDdNuAfg-00009-00003547-00003874": "the phenomenon is termed diglossia.", "435zDdNuAfg-00010-00003915-00004394": "Those who are listening to this episode must", "435zDdNuAfg-00011-00004428-00004722": "have realised I am using the formal form of Bangla,", "435zDdNuAfg-00012-00004756-00004962": "which is called Sadhu.", "435zDdNuAfg-00013-00005034-00005394": "The name makes it clear that Sadhu exhibits a", "435zDdNuAfg-00014-00005400-00005736": "strict fondness for purity and grammar.", "435zDdNuAfg-00015-00005816-00006152": "This is what you may call in English \"classical.\"", "435zDdNuAfg-00016-00006202-00006573": "On the other hand, the spoken form of Bangla", "435zDdNuAfg-00017-00006630-00007086": "which is the standard, (used in my previous episodes), is called Chalita.", "435zDdNuAfg-00018-00007108-00007390": "It is comparable to Greek Δημοτική Γλώσσα", "435zDdNuAfg-00019-00007428-00007794": "or Latin SERMO VULGARIS, because...", "435zDdNuAfg-00020-00007823-00008388": "Δημοτική, VULGARIS and chalita denote the same meaning...", "435zDdNuAfg-00021-00008414-00008652": "which is: the common language of people.", "435zDdNuAfg-00022-00008754-00009044": "This is observed in Bangla's parent Sanskrit as well.", "435zDdNuAfg-00023-00009098-00009296": "Whereas Sanskrit was the written language,", "435zDdNuAfg-00024-00009324-00009668": "Prakrita was the language of normal conversations.", "435zDdNuAfg-00025-00009700-00010238": "Besides Sanskrit, Latin and Greek, a lot of languages exhibit diglossia.", "435zDdNuAfg-00026-00010306-00010528": "Perhaps the oldest example of diglossia is", "435zDdNuAfg-00027-00010552-00010778": "the Middle Stage of the Ancient Egyptian language.", "435zDdNuAfg-00028-00010846-00011622": "Even though the spoken variety went through changes, this form was used in writing for about 1600 years.", "435zDdNuAfg-00029-00011684-00012294": "Diglossia chiefly acts to differentiate between casual and serious tones.", "435zDdNuAfg-00030-00012330-00012632": "Historically it has even been observed that", "435zDdNuAfg-00031-00012654-00012884": "a local spoken language was rejected in favor", "435zDdNuAfg-00032-00012900-00013366": "of a completely different language in documents and literature.", "435zDdNuAfg-00033-00013428-00013730": "Sumerian and Latin are such examples.", "435zDdNuAfg-00034-00013856-00014076": "Diglossia exists in our time as well.", "435zDdNuAfg-00035-00014090-00014276": "I have already talked about Bangla.", "435zDdNuAfg-00036-00014302-00014638": "Chinese, Arabic, German, Hindi, Urdu, Sinhalese etc.", "435zDdNuAfg-00037-00014660-00015018": "are languages with different written and spoken forms.", "435zDdNuAfg-00038-00015078-00015434": "A few languages like Tamil exhibits 3 different forms,", "435zDdNuAfg-00039-00015456-00015668": "which can be termed triglossia.", "435zDdNuAfg-00040-00015762-00016212": "Like Tamil, another language that has been alive since", "435zDdNuAfg-00041-00016228-00016472": "the Classical Period is Aramaic,", "435zDdNuAfg-00042-00016536-00016926": "and throughout its almost entire history there were separate written", "435zDdNuAfg-00043-00016942-00017210": "and spoken varities of this language.", "435zDdNuAfg-00044-00017544-00017834": "A bit more remains to be said about Bangla.", "435zDdNuAfg-00045-00017892-00018186": "Currently in Bangladesh we can observe something of a", "435zDdNuAfg-00046-00018198-00018688": "triglossia as well, because the colloquial Bangla has", "435zDdNuAfg-00047-00018688-00019136": "diverged significantly from the accepted standard spoken form.", "435zDdNuAfg-00048-00019178-00019446": "On top of which, it varies from speaker to speaker.", "435zDdNuAfg-00049-00019482-00019730": "The reason behind this is, this unofficial variety", "435zDdNuAfg-00050-00019730-00020162": "doesn't come from any one local dialect or any one earlier form of Bangla.", "435zDdNuAfg-00051-00020226-00020588": "In truth it originated in a mix of standard spoken, the hybrid regional", "435zDdNuAfg-00052-00020588-00020988": "forms popular in TV dramas, and even a bit of Sadhu.", "435zDdNuAfg-00053-00021056-00021640": "Hence, whether Bangla has di- or ti- or an undefined n-glossia,", "435zDdNuAfg-00054-00021658-00021840": "is for experts to ascertain.", "435zDdNuAfg-00055-00021974-00022364": "What is even more dreadful is, this hotchpotch has now", "435zDdNuAfg-00056-00022364-00022540": "entered even the written language.", "435zDdNuAfg-00057-00022624-00022942": "Even though the refined Sadhu form has been", "435zDdNuAfg-00058-00022964-00023160": "abolished even in writing, let alone speaking,", "435zDdNuAfg-00059-00023206-00023782": "if it could be enforced as the single standard in all", "435zDdNuAfg-00060-00023816-00024148": "sectors, then perhaps the wild metamorphosis Bangla", "435zDdNuAfg-00061-00024174-00024396": "is going through could be largely stopped.", "435zDdNuAfg-00062-00024522-00024744": "Let me refrain from making this longer today.", "435zDdNuAfg-00063-00024812-00025108": "I hope to see you again before long.", "435zDdNuAfg-00064-00025152-00025568": "Should you like the video, I request you to like it", "435zDdNuAfg-00065-00025574-00025792": "and subscribe to my channel.", "435zDdNuAfg-00066-00025854-00026330": "Fun fact: the word \"video\" comes from Latin VIDEO,", "435zDdNuAfg-00067-00026350-00026602": "which literally means, \"I see.\"", "435zDdNuAfg-00068-00026688-00027156": "VIDEO and Sanskrit विद्या, meaning knowledge,", "435zDdNuAfg-00069-00027194-00027595": "and Greek ἰδέα, meaning shape or idea, are all cognates.", "435zDdNuAfg-00070-00027626-00027933": "ἰδέα is the root of English \"idea.\"", "435zDdNuAfg-00071-00027986-00028316": "Anyway, thank you for watching!"}}, {"audio_id": "43nVl_opi9Q", "text": {"43nVl_opi9Q-00000-00000003-00000344": "one of the beautiful things about life is like sometimes you're going through", "43nVl_opi9Q-00001-00000344-00001001": "something and you see or hear or even both the exact thing that you need to", "43nVl_opi9Q-00002-00001001-00002241": "see what is everybody this is Chris from the rewired so where we talk about the", "43nVl_opi9Q-00003-00002241-00002618": "problem but focus on the solution and if you're new to my channel my channel is", "43nVl_opi9Q-00004-00002618-00002964": "all about mental health and what I like to do is pull different topics from the", "43nVl_opi9Q-00005-00002964-00003279": "YouTube community to try to teach you how to improve your mental and emotional", "43nVl_opi9Q-00006-00003279-00003684": "well-being so into that stuff make sure you subscribe and ring that notification", "43nVl_opi9Q-00007-00003684-00004161": "bell so yeah I am super super super grateful", "43nVl_opi9Q-00008-00004161-00004521": "um because I love you guys like if you're not yet follow me on Twitter", "43nVl_opi9Q-00009-00004521-00005046": "about the reward so you got some video suggestions and topics all day and I", "43nVl_opi9Q-00010-00005046-00005385": "usually I'm like okay yeah I'll check it out and I try to see if I can fit in but", "43nVl_opi9Q-00011-00005385-00005810": "also you know part of what I try to do with my channels like I try to make", "43nVl_opi9Q-00012-00005810-00006180": "something that I feel like making that day you know what I mean like I just", "43nVl_opi9Q-00013-00006180-00006663": "kind of do what I want to do it's my channel you know and you know just now", "43nVl_opi9Q-00014-00006663-00007223": "not all about 30 minutes ago someone sent me a video and they said talk about", "43nVl_opi9Q-00015-00007223-00007728": "kal-el kal-el and I'm like who the heck is that right anyways hold on I promise", "43nVl_opi9Q-00016-00007728-00008442": "to give this person to shout out but I need my phone well when I got that phone", "43nVl_opi9Q-00017-00008442-00009443": "I actually got two tweets so one of them was at bat in some am I even saying oh", "43nVl_opi9Q-00018-00009443-00010485": "bad dim sum Oh Chris and then the other one is rofl sir that's a great name both", "43nVl_opi9Q-00019-00010485-00011025": "of them suggest today I watched this kalel video and okay cool my son I just", "43nVl_opi9Q-00020-00011025-00011499": "got home I was about to make him dinner and yeah kalel I don't I don't know", "43nVl_opi9Q-00021-00011499-00011957": "where I've literally never seen any of her content and she has like 1.9 million", "43nVl_opi9Q-00022-00011957-00012497": "subscribers so kalel if you see this you go girl uh-huh anyways her videos", "43nVl_opi9Q-00023-00012497-00013003": "title like I gained 15 pounds in a month so I started watching it and yeah it", "43nVl_opi9Q-00024-00013003-00013429": "seems I'm not I'm not here to diagnose anybody you know that's not what I do", "43nVl_opi9Q-00025-00013429-00013915": "but she she says she's been feeling depressed and this is one of the", "43nVl_opi9Q-00026-00013915-00014316": "symptoms of depression is excessive weight loss or excessive weight gain all", "43nVl_opi9Q-00027-00014316-00014856": "right and I was like ha but then like I went to go check out some more of her", "43nVl_opi9Q-00028-00014856-00015388": "stuff and she had another video posted not too long ago that said why I'm sad", "43nVl_opi9Q-00029-00015388-00015751": "and I started watching that and she started talking about the comments", "43nVl_opi9Q-00030-00015751-00016138": "getting toward stuff and I'm like holy crap so thank you bad", "43nVl_opi9Q-00031-00016138-00016773": "dim sum and rofl sir I really needed to see this today so you guys know what I", "43nVl_opi9Q-00032-00016773-00017181": "do here I use a youtuber that you're familiar with to give you context and", "43nVl_opi9Q-00033-00017181-00017598": "then I try to teach you some stuff so I'm gonna be talking about myself but", "43nVl_opi9Q-00034-00017598-00018070": "man like what I'm trying to teach you guys to do is to take what you're", "43nVl_opi9Q-00035-00018070-00018501": "watching and see if you can relate and you know I guess the first thing I'll", "43nVl_opi9Q-00036-00018501-00019048": "say is one of the best things that helps people who are struggling with you know", "43nVl_opi9Q-00037-00019048-00019567": "just feeling not great whether it's depression anxiety trauma whatever it is", "43nVl_opi9Q-00038-00019567-00020353": "is not feeling alone and today was a really messed up day for me and you guys", "43nVl_opi9Q-00039-00020353-00020820": "who tweeted this at me you helped me because I watched Cal's video I'm like", "43nVl_opi9Q-00040-00020820-00021535": "dang like I can relate and it really helped me out so thank you to kal-el if", "43nVl_opi9Q-00041-00021535-00021931": "you ever see this video thank you for getting on a camera getting vulnerable", "43nVl_opi9Q-00042-00021931-00022395": "and sharing this but yeah I just want to talk to you about my day so some of you", "43nVl_opi9Q-00043-00022395-00022831": "who know like I've had some stuff going on right people calling me out and", "43nVl_opi9Q-00044-00022831-00023529": "things like that and it's it's rough because I'm the mental health guy right", "43nVl_opi9Q-00045-00023529-00023881": "and I'm trying to teach you how to improve your mental health but like I", "43nVl_opi9Q-00046-00023881-00024432": "never want to make any of you think that my life is perfect and I've figured", "43nVl_opi9Q-00047-00024432-00024820": "everything out you know I kind of teach you what I've learned and go from there", "43nVl_opi9Q-00048-00024820-00025104": "you know but I never want to give you the impression that my life is either a", "43nVl_opi9Q-00049-00025104-00025733": "perfect or B that I know everything but today was rough and I actually", "43nVl_opi9Q-00050-00025733-00026213": "actually vented to Tristan and God let me tell you I love that girl I love that", "43nVl_opi9Q-00051-00026213-00026862": "girl so much I just you know we sat down and I just and he said hey sorry I got a", "43nVl_opi9Q-00052-00026862-00027188": "vent I need to processing things and she just sat there and listened and that's", "43nVl_opi9Q-00053-00027188-00027768": "one of the best things Tristan asked me earlier today we were", "43nVl_opi9Q-00054-00027768-00028086": "talking about 12-step meeting says those of you who don't know I got clean", "43nVl_opi9Q-00055-00028086-00028455": "through 12-step meetings and she was asking me like do you still practice", "43nVl_opi9Q-00056-00028455-00028929": "what you learned in those meetings and I said okay like you want an answer and", "43nVl_opi9Q-00057-00028929-00029316": "like I don't know Tristan and I haven't had like a deep conversation like that", "43nVl_opi9Q-00058-00029316-00029810": "and you know in a little while but basically well I was telling her as yes", "43nVl_opi9Q-00059-00029810-00030330": "yes I do to the best of my ability when I go into the shower that's my that's my", "43nVl_opi9Q-00060-00030330-00030654": "meditation time player time whatever you want to call it that's my quiet time", "43nVl_opi9Q-00061-00030654-00031062": "right check in with myself and I check in with my motives what am i doing what", "43nVl_opi9Q-00062-00031062-00031566": "am i doing because you guys like I was a garbage human being for almost a decade", "43nVl_opi9Q-00063-00031566-00032061": "in my drug addiction I was so selfish I'm so so self-centered everything was", "43nVl_opi9Q-00064-00032061-00032556": "about me I was constantly using people to get what I wanted what I needed", "43nVl_opi9Q-00065-00032556-00033030": "screw your feelings it's all about me right one of the reasons I talked about", "43nVl_opi9Q-00066-00033030-00033369": "selfishness and self-centeredness so much on my channel is because that was", "43nVl_opi9Q-00067-00033369-00033759": "destroying my life and then when you pile on top of that my pride in my ego", "43nVl_opi9Q-00068-00033759-00034263": "so I was explaining to Tristan yes whenever I take a shower and I get quiet", "43nVl_opi9Q-00069-00034263-00034659": "I asked myself and I set my intention today and the other day I'm like what am", "43nVl_opi9Q-00070-00034659-00035268": "i doing what am i doing today why am i doing it what are my motives and I am", "43nVl_opi9Q-00071-00035268-00035963": "just now it is just now hitting me right now that I'm at 92 thousand subscribers", "43nVl_opi9Q-00072-00035963-00036450": "like I am a workhorse you guys know that I work and work and work and work and", "43nVl_opi9Q-00073-00036450-00036855": "it's like help people help people help people help more people help more people", "43nVl_opi9Q-00074-00036855-00037212": "and then like as I get closer I'm like oh crap I'm almost at a hundred thousand", "43nVl_opi9Q-00075-00037212-00037575": "cool only eight thousand more crisp all you need is eight thousand more crisp", "43nVl_opi9Q-00076-00037575-00038297": "and the last day or two it's really just hit me like Chris you are at almost a", "43nVl_opi9Q-00077-00038297-00038765": "hundred thousand subscribers this week alone I've had two people out in public", "43nVl_opi9Q-00078-00038765-00039205": "I don't go out too much you're in Vegas and to people in public recognize me", "43nVl_opi9Q-00079-00039205-00039922": "right and it's really hitting me that how big this channel is get it right and", "43nVl_opi9Q-00080-00039922-00040552": "I'm starting to reflect and even though I make videos you know using youtubers", "43nVl_opi9Q-00081-00040552-00041098": "for contacts and things like that I'm really starting to feel what they feel", "43nVl_opi9Q-00082-00041098-00041761": "and it's making more sense to me yes reminding me it's reminding me of my", "43nVl_opi9Q-00083-00041761-00042447": "second year sober right first year I thought was rough second year was way", "43nVl_opi9Q-00084-00042447-00042925": "harder than my first year because things are really hitting you and I thought the", "43nVl_opi9Q-00085-00042925-00043447": "hard part was growing this channel but now what I'm noticing is is what", "43nVl_opi9Q-00086-00043447-00043843": "youtubers talk about what kal-el talked about kal-el talked about in her video", "43nVl_opi9Q-00087-00043843-00044266": "about why she savages people say the most brutal things online who don't even", "43nVl_opi9Q-00088-00044266-00044884": "you know know you or anything like that and I get a lot of people assuming my", "43nVl_opi9Q-00089-00044884-00045678": "intentions and that's that's my issue my issue is like I was just I was actually", "43nVl_opi9Q-00090-00045678-00046036": "gonna make a video about Anna Akana cuz she made a video about self-love and I", "43nVl_opi9Q-00091-00046036-00046416": "really wanted to do that to do kind of a positive video but you guys who tweeted", "43nVl_opi9Q-00092-00046416-00046909": "that this kal-el video I'm like now I can relate way too much to this but I", "43nVl_opi9Q-00093-00046909-00047257": "forgot where I was going with that I'm sorry this unedited I'm just trying to", "43nVl_opi9Q-00094-00047257-00047528": "get these thoughts off my head so you guys have a better understanding of", "43nVl_opi9Q-00095-00047528-00048310": "what's going on and oh oh anyways one of my biggest fears is that people might be", "43nVl_opi9Q-00096-00048310-00048516": "right and that's something that Anna Akana", "43nVl_opi9Q-00097-00048516-00048838": "actually talks about when we had negative self-talk like let's like check", "43nVl_opi9Q-00098-00048838-00049294": "this out the worst comments on earth that I get my brain tells me so much", "43nVl_opi9Q-00099-00049294-00049768": "worse my brain tells me Chris you're a fraud you're fake Chris your motives", "43nVl_opi9Q-00100-00049768-00050056": "aren't good you aren't this right so I'm constantly checking in with myself", "43nVl_opi9Q-00101-00050056-00050533": "because I know for me personally well will take me back to the terrible person", "43nVl_opi9Q-00102-00050533-00051022": "that I used to be is if I stray off the path why if I start making YouTube about", "43nVl_opi9Q-00103-00051022-00051378": "money if I start making YouTube about popularity and stuff", "43nVl_opi9Q-00104-00051378-00052012": "if this channel turns into not trying to reach as many people as possible by", "43nVl_opi9Q-00105-00052012-00052385": "helping them I can turn into a terrible terrible", "43nVl_opi9Q-00106-00052385-00052901": "human being right so when I see these comments and as much as I preach don't", "43nVl_opi9Q-00107-00052901-00053450": "care so much what people think as I get bigger it gets harder I was telling", "43nVl_opi9Q-00108-00053450-00053933": "Tristan this morning it's kind of like going to the gym which I've been doing I", "43nVl_opi9Q-00109-00053933-00054182": "haven't been getting back into weights because my shoulder it's getting messed", "43nVl_opi9Q-00110-00054182-00054710": "up but anyways I was telling her it's kind of like when you're maxing out at", "43nVl_opi9Q-00111-00054710-00055103": "the gym right first you get on you're like okay I can do this right and then", "43nVl_opi9Q-00112-00055103-00055405": "you put on more weight you're like okay that's not too hard you put more weight", "43nVl_opi9Q-00113-00055405-00055694": "more weight and then like it gets harder but you're like feeling like kind of", "43nVl_opi9Q-00114-00055694-00056072": "like a badass like yeah I could do this and then it gets to a point where it is", "43nVl_opi9Q-00115-00056072-00056810": "just too heavy in your like and you reach your max and today I felt like I", "43nVl_opi9Q-00116-00056810-00057461": "reached a breaking point because as a lot of you know I try to reply and read", "43nVl_opi9Q-00117-00057461-00057869": "all of your comments and a lot of people have said Oh Chris that's not", "43nVl_opi9Q-00118-00057869-00058337": "sustainable that's not sustainable I'm like watch me I'm gonna be different I'm", "43nVl_opi9Q-00119-00058337-00058745": "gonna be the youtuber where no matter how big I get I'm just gonna keep doing", "43nVl_opi9Q-00120-00058745-00059266": "it keep doing it keep doing it right and today that breaking point hit so when", "43nVl_opi9Q-00121-00059266-00059651": "you combine you know people making videos about me questioning my motives", "43nVl_opi9Q-00122-00059651-00060200": "question my intentions then you get a mob of people coming in and the thing is", "43nVl_opi9Q-00123-00060200-00060704": "is I understand how my brain works I understand how the brain works you might", "43nVl_opi9Q-00124-00060704-00061178": "be able to relate to what I'm saying kal-el might be able to relate to what", "43nVl_opi9Q-00125-00061178-00061717": "I'm saying okay all brain has a negative bias our brain", "43nVl_opi9Q-00126-00061717-00062651": "is is designed to focus on the negative I have so many of you who who tell me", "43nVl_opi9Q-00127-00062651-00063128": "how much I'm helping you I even included it in my priming chrous panse video", "43nVl_opi9Q-00128-00063128-00063554": "right I talked about how many of you tell me that I'm helping you but my", "43nVl_opi9Q-00129-00063554-00064133": "brain will just hyper focus on the people who think they know my motives", "43nVl_opi9Q-00130-00064133-00064526": "who think they know my intentions right and then I feel like I got to defend", "43nVl_opi9Q-00131-00064526-00065141": "myself and my brain has just been a mess and I can relate to what kal-el talking", "43nVl_opi9Q-00132-00065141-00065594": "about because in case you didn't notice you know something that I'm dealing with", "43nVl_opi9Q-00133-00065594-00065969": "that I mentioned in a video the other day is that although I'm going to the", "43nVl_opi9Q-00134-00065969-00066427": "gym and eating healthier I still have unhealthy eating habits and", "43nVl_opi9Q-00135-00066427-00067148": "Callao is talking about how she's been turning to food for depression you know", "43nVl_opi9Q-00136-00067148-00067791": "I turned to food for a variety of emotions sometimes sometimes I'm able to", "43nVl_opi9Q-00137-00067791-00068207": "avoid it and do something more productive maybe make a video or journal", "43nVl_opi9Q-00138-00068207-00068564": "or meditate right but sometimes and I don't know if you can relate to this I", "43nVl_opi9Q-00139-00068564-00069020": "get a case of the ethics right gotta get this video monetize so we'll call it the", "43nVl_opi9Q-00140-00069020-00069437": "case of the efforts Oh Mike screw it screw it you know what I'm just gonna go", "43nVl_opi9Q-00141-00069437-00069782": "by the gas station get some donuts you know I've been acting which I'm like oh", "43nVl_opi9Q-00142-00069782-00070226": "god Chris why did you do that you know what I'm trying so hard and then they", "43nVl_opi9Q-00143-00070226-00070958": "almost like negates you know the time I put into the gym but anyways anyways you", "43nVl_opi9Q-00144-00070958-00071483": "know I am starting to realize that as my channel gets bigger you know I'm gonna", "43nVl_opi9Q-00145-00071483-00071717": "change I got a you know I gotta work on myself", "43nVl_opi9Q-00146-00071717-00072368": "and the collabs that I'm doing in LA next week I've just got an idea today of", "43nVl_opi9Q-00147-00072368-00072641": "how I'm gonna do it I'll announce that on Sunday and by the way I'm gonna", "43nVl_opi9Q-00148-00072641-00073067": "clickbait you on Sunday I apologize in advance but I'm gonna", "43nVl_opi9Q-00149-00073067-00073508": "explain how these collabs are gonna work but I want to turn this into a process", "43nVl_opi9Q-00150-00073508-00074195": "of self-reflection and growth and I have some really cool stuff planned but", "43nVl_opi9Q-00151-00074195-00074666": "anyways I hope kal-el you know she talks about in her new video about gaining 15", "43nVl_opi9Q-00152-00074666-00075035": "pounds that also get through it things are gonna be better and you know and all", "43nVl_opi9Q-00153-00075035-00075467": "that and I really hope they do for and I hope you guys all realize whenever I", "43nVl_opi9Q-00154-00075467-00075833": "talk about you know other youtubers on my channel I always hope for the best", "43nVl_opi9Q-00155-00075833-00076341": "I hope that was clear in my video about stop please stop shaming Trisha Paytas", "43nVl_opi9Q-00156-00076341-00077183": "you know because I you know I have a certain personality I come off tough I", "43nVl_opi9Q-00157-00077183-00077552": "come off harsh you know but at the end of the day I really want people to do", "43nVl_opi9Q-00158-00077552-00078023": "well and be happy and get better and stuff anyways again we talk about the", "43nVl_opi9Q-00159-00078023-00078345": "solution here so what am i doing what am i doing a few", "43nVl_opi9Q-00160-00078345-00078924": "things I talked to Tristan today about limiting how often I reply to comments", "43nVl_opi9Q-00161-00078924-00079388": "and how often I check comments so all of you who have grown accustomed to me", "43nVl_opi9Q-00162-00079388-00079776": "being really active in the comment section I'm gonna try to win back and", "43nVl_opi9Q-00163-00079776-00080475": "this is for my mental health you know like I said it's not sustainable and I", "43nVl_opi9Q-00164-00080475-00080865": "love you guys you know interact with me on Twitter and things but you know my", "43nVl_opi9Q-00165-00080865-00081384": "channel is almost at a hundred freakin thousand subscribers and I'm I'm", "43nVl_opi9Q-00166-00081384-00081894": "conceding that it is not sustainable so that's one thing that I'm doing the", "43nVl_opi9Q-00167-00081894-00082380": "other thing that I'm doing you know is my normal routine of you know writing", "43nVl_opi9Q-00168-00082380-00082776": "things down really processing things opening up to my beautiful girlfriend", "43nVl_opi9Q-00169-00082776-00083115": "Christy and I've been talking to my friends a lot more my mom is a great", "43nVl_opi9Q-00170-00083115-00083514": "part of my support group twisting and I were talking about how big my channels", "43nVl_opi9Q-00171-00083514-00083916": "getting and I've had a channel when I first started this where none of my", "43nVl_opi9Q-00172-00083916-00084273": "friends or family members would watch it but now a lot of the people who love me", "43nVl_opi9Q-00173-00084273-00084606": "the most are really getting into it and I'm really grateful I'm really fortunate", "43nVl_opi9Q-00174-00084606-00085026": "for those people in my life so if any of you are watching this I appreciate you", "43nVl_opi9Q-00175-00085026-00085419": "so I'm using all of the tools like I try to give you guys a million tools because", "43nVl_opi9Q-00176-00085419-00085881": "sometimes you just got to keep trying but I think the most important thing not", "43nVl_opi9Q-00177-00085881-00086280": "the most important one of the most important things is is that I'm actually", "43nVl_opi9Q-00178-00086280-00086841": "in therapy now and talk about timing - I started therapy when things were going", "43nVl_opi9Q-00179-00086841-00087555": "good so now I have somebody there and yes I use better help therapy alright I", "43nVl_opi9Q-00180-00087555-00088263": "have a licensed therapist and today I was talking to her and I don't think", "43nVl_opi9Q-00181-00088263-00088668": "until it was until today that I told me that I'm a youtuber so I told her about", "43nVl_opi9Q-00182-00088668-00089073": "everything that's going on I asked her her thoughts you know and opinions I", "43nVl_opi9Q-00183-00089073-00089871": "sent her a link to one of my videos she actually told me to to not respond to", "43nVl_opi9Q-00184-00089871-00090608": "prim Inc I was like yo Katrina sorry but I saw this after I responded remake", "43nVl_opi9Q-00185-00090608-00091107": "but anyways therapy is important and I hope more youtubers are doing it and", "43nVl_opi9Q-00186-00091107-00091425": "getting help like it is one of the biggest suggestions", "43nVl_opi9Q-00187-00091425-00091962": "and I can you know really give to people I also before I in this video I want to", "43nVl_opi9Q-00188-00091962-00092373": "shout out Meghan tonjes I'm going to watch her video right now -", "43nVl_opi9Q-00189-00092373-00092949": "she just made a video about her experience with therapy she made a video", "43nVl_opi9Q-00190-00092949-00093351": "not that long ago about her first therapy session so this seems like a", "43nVl_opi9Q-00191-00093351-00093819": "follow up so shout out to Meghan tonjes her and I have a little bit of a history", "43nVl_opi9Q-00192-00093819-00094212": "go through my channel you'll see what I made a public apology to Meghan talk", "43nVl_opi9Q-00193-00094212-00094770": "this I'll tweet it out - just to let her know that I gave her a shout out in this", "43nVl_opi9Q-00194-00094770-00095256": "corner cool now but yeah if you want a story about how I used to be an awful", "43nVl_opi9Q-00195-00095256-00095685": "human being watch my video about apologizing to big and tall just if you", "43nVl_opi9Q-00196-00095685-00096022": "want another story about how like a lot of you asked me for more story time", "43nVl_opi9Q-00197-00096022-00096610": "sorry this is getting a little ram bleah watch my video about me going after the", "43nVl_opi9Q-00198-00096610-00096966": "weather man okay I played that on livestream a few months ago and people", "43nVl_opi9Q-00199-00096966-00097449": "loved it so go watch that I if you think I'm crazy now check out some of that", "43nVl_opi9Q-00200-00097449-00098211": "stuff but anyways bye all the best wishes to kal-el if she does see this if", "43nVl_opi9Q-00201-00098211-00098661": "you want to tweet it out or go for it III know that my platform is getting", "43nVl_opi9Q-00202-00098661-00099077": "bigger and more youtubers are gonna see this and I do need to keep that in mind", "43nVl_opi9Q-00203-00099077-00099633": "more but don't worry tough love Kris ain't going anywhere", "43nVl_opi9Q-00204-00099633-00100169": "alright anyways I really appreciate all of you for watching this long-ass video", "43nVl_opi9Q-00205-00100169-00100611": "thanks again to kal-el for opening up getting vulnerable I'm gonna I'm gonna", "43nVl_opi9Q-00206-00100611-00100941": "start learning more from other youtubers who have been through what I'm going", "43nVl_opi9Q-00207-00100941-00101361": "through as I grow and I even want to at some point start like a youtuber like", "43nVl_opi9Q-00208-00101361-00101820": "support group you know what I mean because a lot of people feel very", "43nVl_opi9Q-00209-00101820-00102261": "isolated and alone I think I think we all need to rely on each other you know", "43nVl_opi9Q-00210-00102261-00102612": "you got to be around people who understand what you're going through", "43nVl_opi9Q-00211-00102612-00103158": "alright but anyways anyways let me in this video again thanks for watching", "43nVl_opi9Q-00212-00103158-00103779": "give this video a thumbs up if you liked it if you haven't already make sure you", "43nVl_opi9Q-00213-00103779-00104115": "subscribe to wring the notification belt because I make a ton of videos I have a", "43nVl_opi9Q-00214-00104115-00104491": "lot of cool stuff and collabs coming up soon so make sure notifications are on", "43nVl_opi9Q-00215-00104491-00104965": "huge thank you to everybody who supports the channel over on patreon I get love", "43nVl_opi9Q-00216-00104965-00105505": "you guys because a lot of you like your purely only being a patron to support", "43nVl_opi9Q-00217-00105505-00105805": "what I'm doing and I really really appreciate you all right but thank you", "43nVl_opi9Q-00218-00105805-00106134": "all just for watching you support me as well I love you all", "43nVl_opi9Q-00219-00106134-00106398": "I'll see you soon"}}, {"audio_id": "43eVr1lLOIo", "text": {"43eVr1lLOIo-00000-00000468-00000620": "Eat, eat, enthusiastically", "43eVr1lLOIo-00001-00000818-00001018": "pipe tobacco smoking, relaxed spirit", "43eVr1lLOIo-00002-00001116-00001216": "ha ha ha ha", "43eVr1lLOIo-00003-00001274-00001400": "very cool", "43eVr1lLOIo-00004-00002184-00002284": "get high ,get high", "43eVr1lLOIo-00005-00002383-00002607": "so cool", "43eVr1lLOIo-00006-00002717-00002867": "hello everyone", "43eVr1lLOIo-00007-00002867-00002987": "I am superman", "43eVr1lLOIo-00008-00002987-00003187": "I am bảo sky Hello everyone", "43eVr1lLOIo-00009-00003571-00003771": "I am thắng điếu cày , Hello everyone", "43eVr1lLOIo-00010-00003771-00003840": "finished smoking what's wrong", "43eVr1lLOIo-00011-00003840-00004264": "finished smoking what's wrong", "43eVr1lLOIo-00012-00004264-00004602": "ok everyone Today we are making videos", "43eVr1lLOIo-00013-00004602-00004802": "make food naked chick chili bath", "43eVr1lLOIo-00014-00004802-00005080": "Today, prepare 2 very large chick", "43eVr1lLOIo-00015-00005134-00005562": "ok everyone Let's start grilling chicken together", "43eVr1lLOIo-00016-00005924-00006356": "This is the process of tying the chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00017-00006362-00006516": "prepare to bake", "43eVr1lLOIo-00018-00009708-00009808": "It looks delicious", "43eVr1lLOIo-00019-00010672-00010876": "special dish", "43eVr1lLOIo-00020-00010964-00011266": "naked chick chili bath", "43eVr1lLOIo-00021-00011532-00011741": "It looks delicious", "43eVr1lLOIo-00022-00014280-00014419": "ok everyone", "43eVr1lLOIo-00023-00014434-00015113": "preparation is complete Now, everyone, let's go to grill chicken with our brothers", "43eVr1lLOIo-00024-00015486-00015704": "bảo sky setting fire", "43eVr1lLOIo-00025-00015741-00016044": "When will it be done?", "43eVr1lLOIo-00026-00016044-00016328": "I do not know", "43eVr1lLOIo-00027-00016702-00016836": "get out", "43eVr1lLOIo-00028-00017184-00017482": "just know to eat Nothing can be done", "43eVr1lLOIo-00029-00017596-00017758": "Watch me do this", "43eVr1lLOIo-00030-00024798-00024898": "Is it good?", "43eVr1lLOIo-00031-00024952-00025052": "ok", "43eVr1lLOIo-00032-00025718-00025852": "learn", "43eVr1lLOIo-00033-00036936-00037118": "ok everyone", "43eVr1lLOIo-00034-00037132-00037410": "the baking process is done", "43eVr1lLOIo-00035-00037430-00037732": "Chicken turns yellow", "43eVr1lLOIo-00036-00037792-00038020": "Now, I will take chili bath for chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00037-00038134-00038490": "thắng điếu cày và bảo sky Will give chili bath", "43eVr1lLOIo-00038-00038526-00038626": "begin", "43eVr1lLOIo-00039-00038702-00038976": "very artistic", "43eVr1lLOIo-00040-00038976-00039130": "So professional", "43eVr1lLOIo-00041-00039326-00039584": "chili bath stage for chickens", "43eVr1lLOIo-00042-00047962-00048152": "It looks so delicious", "43eVr1lLOIo-00043-00048254-00048554": "Why are you drooling?", "43eVr1lLOIo-00044-00048662-00048900": "I'm fine", "43eVr1lLOIo-00045-00053872-00054402": "ok everyone After 2 hours, the chicken is grilled", "43eVr1lLOIo-00046-00054402-00054502": "naked chick chili bath", "43eVr1lLOIo-00047-00054517-00054986": "Everyone, please eat chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00048-00055724-00055824": "delicious", "43eVr1lLOIo-00049-00055950-00056154": "wow, wow", "43eVr1lLOIo-00050-00056438-00056634": "delicious", "43eVr1lLOIo-00051-00056634-00056836": "Super Spicy", "43eVr1lLOIo-00052-00057032-00057260": "Everyone, please eat chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00053-00057290-00057400": "Everyone, please eat chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00054-00057958-00058294": "It's my first time eating this delicious chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00055-00058310-00058566": "a whole chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00056-00058584-00058684": "tasty", "43eVr1lLOIo-00057-00059138-00059367": "prepared from morning", "43eVr1lLOIo-00058-00060194-00060328": "delicious", "43eVr1lLOIo-00059-00060490-00060740": "Is it delicous", "43eVr1lLOIo-00060-00061116-00061404": "very delicious", "43eVr1lLOIo-00061-00062529-00062752": "It looks delicious", "43eVr1lLOIo-00062-00062858-00062958": "too spicy", "43eVr1lLOIo-00063-00063040-00063328": "Super spicy chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00064-00063514-00063786": "naked chick chili bath", "43eVr1lLOIo-00065-00064632-00064732": "tasty", "43eVr1lLOIo-00066-00064778-00064890": "great", "43eVr1lLOIo-00067-00066026-00066274": "bảo sky ,for the first time to eat whole chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00068-00066682-00067004": "Eat slowly", "43eVr1lLOIo-00069-00068064-00068282": "taste of chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00070-00068350-00068660": "Spicy and sweet", "43eVr1lLOIo-00071-00069116-00069300": "Chicken set separately", "43eVr1lLOIo-00072-00069392-00069686": "how do you feel", "43eVr1lLOIo-00073-00069716-00070008": "very delicious", "43eVr1lLOIo-00074-00070008-00070224": "fragrant and spicy", "43eVr1lLOIo-00075-00071202-00071302": "too spicy", "43eVr1lLOIo-00076-00071720-00071926": "Super Spicy", "43eVr1lLOIo-00077-00072264-00072542": "Crunchy like pancakes", "43eVr1lLOIo-00078-00074102-00074470": "no breakfast to eat chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00079-00074746-00074846": "delicious", "43eVr1lLOIo-00080-00077310-00077464": "Eat it Enthusiastic offline", "43eVr1lLOIo-00081-00077662-00077946": "Smoking tobacco", "43eVr1lLOIo-00082-00079354-00079454": "very delicious", "43eVr1lLOIo-00083-00079874-00080104": "eating chicken while smoking", "43eVr1lLOIo-00084-00080104-00080204": "excited", "43eVr1lLOIo-00085-00080214-00080454": "Fragrant mouth tonic lung kill germs", "43eVr1lLOIo-00086-00082994-00083274": "eat chicken like this very delicious", "43eVr1lLOIo-00087-00083412-00083806": "Everyone, please eat chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00088-00083910-00084010": "ha ha ha", "43eVr1lLOIo-00089-00084460-00084560": "tasty", "43eVr1lLOIo-00090-00085144-00085474": "never eat such delicious chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00091-00085806-00086048": "eat whole chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00092-00086142-00086462": "Each person eats 1 chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00093-00090222-00090396": "Super delicious", "43eVr1lLOIo-00094-00090542-00090674": "Super Spicy", "43eVr1lLOIo-00095-00090734-00090942": "Super spicy and super delicious", "43eVr1lLOIo-00096-00091904-00092170": "Today's weather is great eat super spicy grilled chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00097-00092170-00092290": "So delicious", "43eVr1lLOIo-00098-00092438-00092572": "very ideal", "43eVr1lLOIo-00099-00093042-00093258": "This is good to eat", "43eVr1lLOIo-00100-00094984-00095084": "too spicy", "43eVr1lLOIo-00101-00098840-00099008": "Spicy?", "43eVr1lLOIo-00102-00100104-00100304": "bla bla bla", "43eVr1lLOIo-00103-00101554-00101718": "The best chicken head The second is the chicken ass", "43eVr1lLOIo-00104-00101754-00102066": "You have to eat the chicken head", "43eVr1lLOIo-00105-00102066-00102340": "Do not eat chicken drumsticks", "43eVr1lLOIo-00106-00102376-00102476": "Everyone, please eat chicken", "43eVr1lLOIo-00107-00102588-00102730": "I eat chicken ass", "43eVr1lLOIo-00108-00107358-00107638": "ok everyone after a while", "43eVr1lLOIo-00109-00107638-00107938": "2 brothers have eaten 2 chickens", "43eVr1lLOIo-00110-00107940-00108058": "full stomach", "43eVr1lLOIo-00111-00108090-00108408": "ok My video has ended", "43eVr1lLOIo-00112-00108408-00108716": "Subscribe to the channel support me", "43eVr1lLOIo-00113-00108726-00108911": "goodbye"}}, {"audio_id": "43HIsjueKXM", "text": {"43HIsjueKXM-00000-00000000-00000200": "asalam alykum wr wb hello halal family", "43HIsjueKXM-00001-00000231-00000520": "welcome to the channel i hope you guys are having yourself a wonderful", "43HIsjueKXM-00002-00000520-00000984": "day in today's video we'll be reacting to yel yel TNI this video was suggested", "43HIsjueKXM-00003-00000984-00001352": "by septi thank you very much for taking the time to send me your recommendation", "43HIsjueKXM-00004-00001352-00001592": "and suggestions stay tuned guys we'll be right back with the video", "43HIsjueKXM-00005-00001984-00002288": "welcome back guys inshaallah we're going to get started with the video momentarily and at", "43HIsjueKXM-00006-00002288-00002584": "the end of the video i'll be sharing with you my observation and reaction so please", "43HIsjueKXM-00007-00002584-00002984": "make sure you stay until the end with that said we're going to get start with a video", "43HIsjueKXM-00008-00058896-00059448": "wow these guys did pretty good you know what surprised me was when they started singing um", "43HIsjueKXM-00009-00059448-00060144": "i think to jay deka to yah Janah sanam the indian song was like what and then i think it said there was an", "43HIsjueKXM-00010-00060144-00060767": "indonesian version so then they changed them which was uh pretty cool i i liked it uh quite a bit", "43HIsjueKXM-00011-00060767-00061360": "and the other guy was going in there and dancing and the other team had like break dancers so this", "43HIsjueKXM-00012-00061360-00061912": "was actually pretty fun you know both teams were going at it and trying to out perform each other", "43HIsjueKXM-00013-00061912-00062560": "what this reminded me of in rugby the new zealand team um they actually do this something similar", "43HIsjueKXM-00014-00062560-00063104": "and supposedly it is from the aboriginal people when they back in the days when they used to go", "43HIsjueKXM-00015-00063104-00063576": "to a battle or a fight and they used to do this to basically scare their enemy so Allah-o-alam", "43HIsjueKXM-00016-00063576-00063991": "what did they use this for now but that's what they kind of reminded me of and the new zealand", "43HIsjueKXM-00017-00063991-00064464": "team still does it until uh today thank you very much guys for suggesting this video i enjoyed it", "43HIsjueKXM-00018-00064464-00064824": "i hope you guys did too if you did please don't forget to like comment share and subscribe and", "43HIsjueKXM-00019-00064824-00065200": "if you like me to react to another video please put in the comment section below as always guys", "43HIsjueKXM-00020-00065200-00065568": "thank you very much for your love and support i hope you guys have yourself a wonderful day take", "43HIsjueKXM-00021-00065568-00065984": "care of yourself and your family and insha'allah i'll see you guys in the next video take care and wassalam"}}, {"audio_id": "43XFcykAaoc", "text": {"43XFcykAaoc-00000-00001128-00001792": "Welcome to transfer functions the RL high pass filter. The development of a transfer function", "43XFcykAaoc-00001-00001792-00002408": "for a circuit facilitates the determination of circuit response to frequency. The transfer", "43XFcykAaoc-00002-00002408-00003056": "function can easily be entered into a spreadsheet and the results graphed. Here is the RL circuit.", "43XFcykAaoc-00003-00003200-00003408": "And shown here is the transfer function.", "43XFcykAaoc-00004-00003728-00004544": "Solve for each impedance and substitute into the transfer function. Create a spreadsheet", "43XFcykAaoc-00005-00004608-00005064": "using the transfer function. Calculate the v out for a wide range of frequencies.", "43XFcykAaoc-00006-00005600-00005856": "Graph the v out with respect to frequency.", "43XFcykAaoc-00007-00006200-00006695": "Let's simulate the circuit in electronic workbench and use the bode plot feature to analyze the", "43XFcykAaoc-00008-00006695-00007392": "frequency response of the circuit. Both graphs show the corner frequency to be 15.9 kilohertz.", "43XFcykAaoc-00009-00007704-00008072": "In review, the development of a transfer function for a circuit", "43XFcykAaoc-00010-00008072-00008408": "facilitates the determination of circuit response to frequency.", "43XFcykAaoc-00011-00008472-00008896": "The transfer function can easily be entered into a spreadsheet and the results graphed.", "43XFcykAaoc-00012-00009832-00010472": "You have completed this activity, Transfer functions: The RL high pass filter."}}, {"audio_id": "43ac_WLgGsU", "text": {"43ac_WLgGsU-00000-00000111-00000594": "MORE THAN 50 U.S. AND DJIBOUTIAN SAILORS AND COAST GUARDSMEN PARTICIPATED IN CUTLASS", "43ac_WLgGsU-00001-00000594-00000929": "EXPRESS 2015 OFF THE COAST OF DJIBOUTI THIS MONTH.", "43ac_WLgGsU-00002-00000953-00001548": "\"THE OBJECTIVES PERTAIN TO MARITIME DOMAIN AWARENESS, REGIONAL INFORMATION SHARING AND", "43ac_WLgGsU-00003-00001548-00002023": "DEPLOYMENT OF MARITIME ASSETS TO COUNTER ELICIT ACTIVITY.\"", "43ac_WLgGsU-00004-00002078-00002556": "AFTER THREE DAYS OF CLASSROOMS AND PRACTICING IN A SIMULATOR, PARTICIPANTS TOOK THEIR", "43ac_WLgGsU-00005-00002556-00002955": "TRAINING TO THE NEXT LEVEL IN THE GULF OF TADJOURA.", "43ac_WLgGsU-00006-00002955-00003602": "SENARIOS COVERED IN CUTLASS EXPRESS INCLUDED ANTI-PIRACY EFFORTS, ELICIT TRAFFICKING AND", "43ac_WLgGsU-00007-00003602-00004143": "ILLEGAL FISHING DETECTION, AND PROLIFERATION SECURITY INITIATIVE PROCEDURES WHICH SEEK", "43ac_WLgGsU-00008-00004143-00004417": "TO STOP SHIPMENTS OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION.", "43ac_WLgGsU-00009-00004500-00005010": "REPORTING FROM DJIBOUTI, I'M AIR FORCE STAFF SERGEANT JESSICA WOLTER."}}, {"audio_id": "443uuYGRKNI", "text": {"443uuYGRKNI-00000-00000000-00000484": "Respiration", "443uuYGRKNI-00001-00000484-00001296": "In this section we will learn about cellular respiration, which is different than breathing from the lungs. In layman language ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00002-00001296-00002096": "respiration refers to inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide. This process will take place, but we will see the process ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00003-00002096-00002226": "at a cellular level.", "443uuYGRKNI-00004-00002264-00003270": "The first part of respiration is also called as aerobic respiration. This section requires oxygen to be present at all ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00005-00003270-00004250": "times within the cell. This section is divided into three main stages; glycolysis (is the only part of this section ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00006-00004250-00005059": "which can happen without oxygen), Krebs cycle and electron transport chain both require oxygen.", "443uuYGRKNI-00007-00005120-00006177": "A summary of cellular respiration shown in the slide, presents a glucose molecule reacting with six oxygen molecules to form ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00008-00006177-00007141": "six carbon dioxide molecule and six water molecule. A lot of energy is stored in this glucose molecule hence when ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00009-00007141-00007846": "it breaks down it releases a lot of energy some of it is stored in the form of ATP.", "443uuYGRKNI-00010-00007920-00008871": "Glycolysis refers to break down of the six carbon glucose molecule to two three carbon molecules. The process requires some ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00011-00008871-00009737": "energy. Think of investing in in a business, you require some seed money. Similar analogy here is shown. Two ATP ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00012-00009737-00010603": "molecules are required to initiate the entire process, the product which we will see later as a larger number of ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00013-00010603-00011086": "ATP molecules released by the end of the cellular respiration.", "443uuYGRKNI-00014-00011148-00012224": "In glycolysis alone four ATP molecules are formed, hence net gain of two ATP molecules. The reaction is at least ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00015-00012224-00013349": "13 steps and at the end one glucose molecule yields two pyruvate molecules. The pyruvate molecule is the three carbon ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00016-00013349-00014416": "molecule. Two NADH, electron carriers are also released. At the end of respiration these NADH will be used in a ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00017-00014416-00014804": "process called electron transport chain.", "443uuYGRKNI-00018-00014876-00016222": "The pyruvate molecule just formed by glycolysis enters the citric acid cycle. Various configurational changes take place and various side ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00019-00016222-00017113": "products are released such as three NADH, 1 FADH, two carbon dioxide, and one ATP molecule.", "443uuYGRKNI-00020-00017152-00018040": "Since there were two pyruvate molecule at the end of glycolysis hence there are two Krebs cycle for each glucose ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00021-00018040-00018112": "molecule.", "443uuYGRKNI-00022-00018132-00019285": "The third series of events in cellular respiration involves electron carriers. These series of reactions can be compared to a ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00023-00019285-00020568": "bucket brigade. Electrons move through different carrier molecules and are finally accepted by the oxygen molecule to form water molecules.", "443uuYGRKNI-00024-00020600-00021564": "In in these reactions the energy of the electron was carried by the NADH and the FADH molecules. Both these ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00025-00021564-00022702": "molecules hence become NAD and FAD. These series of steps are also called as chemiosomosis. Reference to osmosis of electrons.", "443uuYGRKNI-00026-00022736-00023943": "In the absence of oxygen the glucose molecule has a different fate. Since Krebs cycle and electron transport chain requires ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00027-00023943-00025141": "oxygen, when no oxygen is present pyruvate the end product of glycolysis forms lactic acid in muscle cells., and alcoholic ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00028-00025141-00025458": "and products in bacterial cells.", "443uuYGRKNI-00029-00025524-00026552": "When you exercise and feel a lump on your muscle, this is due to lactic acid accumulation. This is because ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00030-00026552-00027229": "you don’t breathe long enough to provide oxygen to those muscle cells.", "443uuYGRKNI-00031-00027260-00028811": "Besides glucose other organic molecules such as carbohydrates proteins and lipids can also enter the mainstream cellular respiration pathway. Some ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00032-00028811-00030074": "amino acids can convert directly into pyruvate. Certainly lipids can directly enter the citric acid or the Krebs cycle.", "443uuYGRKNI-00033-00030108-00031430": "These anaerobic process are also referred to as fermentation. The end product of fermentation is based on the kind of ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00034-00031430-00031487": "cell.", "443uuYGRKNI-00035-00031520-00032536": "The entire process of cellular respiration is very complex. The main organelle within the cell where cellular respiration takes place ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00036-00032536-00033375": "is the mitochondria. By the end of cellular respiration there are an average of 36 ATP molecules formed by one ...", "443uuYGRKNI-00037-00033375-00034076": "glucose molecue. The process utlilized 2 ATP molecules in the initation stage of glycolysis."}}, {"audio_id": "44urlAiq0FU", "text": {"44urlAiq0FU-00000-00000000-00000200": "Nvidia GeForce RTX 4090 Founders Edition | Tomb Raider 2: The Dagger of Xian"}}, {"audio_id": "44FOJLIzuKQ", "text": {"44FOJLIzuKQ-00000-00000000-00000200": "Red Iguana Practice Hand"}}, {"audio_id": "44JPtkJsOlc", "text": {"44JPtkJsOlc-00000-00000000-00000254": "Welcome to the How Do I Save and Share Lists of Items ...", "44JPtkJsOlc-00001-00000254-00000399": "in WorldCat? Video tutorial", "44JPtkJsOlc-00002-00000484-00000672": "WorldCat, McCain Library's catalog,", "44JPtkJsOlc-00003-00000672-00000954": "provides users with the ability to save and share lists of ...", "44JPtkJsOlc-00004-00000954-00001213": "items for both personal use and sharing with others.", "44JPtkJsOlc-00005-00001213-00001454": "To access WorldCat, go to the library homepage at ...", "44JPtkJsOlc-00006-00001454-00001559": "www.agnesscott.edu", "44JPtkJsOlc-00007-00002888-00003040": "and click on  the Books tab.", "44JPtkJsOlc-00008-00003092-00003344": "Below click on worldcat advanced search.", "44JPtkJsOlc-00009-00003547-00003661": "Below, click on WorldCat Advanced ...", "44JPtkJsOlc-00010-00003661-00003778": "Search. In the upper right corner of ...", "44JPtkJsOlc-00011-00003778-00003915": "the new page, click on Sign In to enter your ...", "44JPtkJsOlc-00012-00003915-00004047": "Agnes Scott email and network password.", "44JPtkJsOlc-00013-00004132-00004432": "The next step involves finding items you would like to save.", "44JPtkJsOlc-00014-00004432-00004631": "In this example, I will use the advanced ...", "44JPtkJsOlc-00015-00004631-00004931": "search setting to conduct a search for materials related to ...", "44JPtkJsOlc-00016-00004931-00005196": "shakespeare and race. 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This one happened in Guelatao de Juarez, Oaxaca", "452mwfAlqck-00042-00012824-00013306": "and the third one on \"Community Mobile Telephony \" in the offices of Rhizomatica, Oaxaca", "452mwfAlqck-00043-00013306-00013852": "and finally, the last module was developed by Redes AC in  CESDER, Puebla.", "452mwfAlqck-00044-00014024-00014552": "What we did in this module was to focus on issues of sustainability and legal framework", "452mwfAlqck-00045-00014588-00014844": "In other words, to think and re-think the dimensions", "452mwfAlqck-00046-00014866-00015096": "of both politics and legislation", "452mwfAlqck-00047-00015100-00015300": "that exists around community communication,", "452mwfAlqck-00048-00015313-00015704": "as well as all aspects related to economic, social and institutional sustainability", "452mwfAlqck-00049-00015704-00016210": "that are required so that these projects last over time", "452mwfAlqck-00051-00016302-00016586": "We found that the technical area", "452mwfAlqck-00052-00016586-00016884": "is  most of the times a little bit more complex area.", "452mwfAlqck-00053-00016980-00017196": "all of them have their own complexity", "452mwfAlqck-00054-00017196-00017484": "but at a national level there is a need to address", "452mwfAlqck-00055-00017484-00017880": "these technical failures", "452mwfAlqck-00056-00017888-00018136": "that are having the community media", "452mwfAlqck-00057-00018136-00018418": "to support their sustainability", "452mwfAlqck-00059-00018474-00018670": "We had been struck by a lightning bolt", "452mwfAlqck-00060-00018680-00018964": "and the machine got burnt", "452mwfAlqck-00061-00018976-00019484": "thankfully I could solve the technical issues and we were able to broadcast again", "452mwfAlqck-00062-00019534-00020038": "but I did not know how to fix the Internet and make it work again.", "452mwfAlqck-00063-00020048-00020614": "Then I thought,  this workshop has to get me out of this problem because this is what I need.", "452mwfAlqck-00064-00020694-00021024": "In the \"Community Wireless Network\" module I learned many things", "452mwfAlqck-00065-00021034-00021684": "and I learned how to do it, they gave me the guidelines for me to learn it and now I know it.", "452mwfAlqck-00066-00021716-00022292": "Personally, this Diploma has been very useful for me.", "452mwfAlqck-00067-00022304-00022950": "Perhaps I can not build a transmitter my self, but somehow I have the knowledge that if any piece fails", "452mwfAlqck-00068-00022970-00023434": "I look for a way to change it, or other things like that one.", "452mwfAlqck-00069-00023434-00023760": "In one way or another this has been helpful.", "452mwfAlqck-00070-00023780-00024272": "Plus, we have built more contact among the group", "452mwfAlqck-00071-00024298-00024870": "we have much more communication now, more that at the beginning.", "452mwfAlqck-00073-00025162-00025616": "This Diploma does not intend to train technicians, just like that.", "452mwfAlqck-00074-00025650-00026002": "Instead, to generate shared sense of community and solidarity.", "452mwfAlqck-00075-00026002-00026602": "we are contending with companies that have many economic resources", "452mwfAlqck-00076-00026618-00026998": "that have everything at hand to be able to be what they are", "452mwfAlqck-00077-00027010-00027248": "and this is just beginning", "452mwfAlqck-00078-00027248-00027708": "so, even though there are deficiencies and it will not be the same.", "452mwfAlqck-00079-00027726-00028564": "that was pleasant to know and to share that learning and that moment", "452mwfAlqck-00080-00028618-00029050": "This Diploma makes you be interested,", "452mwfAlqck-00081-00029082-00029414": "they give you the bases", "452mwfAlqck-00082-00029432-00030252": "but it is your responsibility, is up to you to search, to investigate, to create", "452mwfAlqck-00083-00030252-00030602": "it encourages you", "452mwfAlqck-00084-00030618-00030944": "The Diploma has given us technical skills", "452mwfAlqck-00086-00031006-00031308": "for example, the exchange of technologies with other groups", "452mwfAlqck-00087-00031308-00031554": "help us create our own technology", "452mwfAlqck-00088-00031572-00031724": "and to own it", "452mwfAlqck-00089-00031742-00032218": "but also in the social and community side", "452mwfAlqck-00090-00032256-00032627": "how do you create and sustain this model", "452mwfAlqck-00091-00032627-00032822": "and management of a communication,", "452mwfAlqck-00092-00032842-00033170": "how will the Internet be supported communally?", "452mwfAlqck-00093-00033204-00033556": "we were going through that in the sustainability module", "452mwfAlqck-00094-00033556-00033720": "there are two different worlds", "452mwfAlqck-00095-00033728-00033972": "one in which everything is paid, is money  and resource", "452mwfAlqck-00096-00034000-00034328": "and one world where it is common, community service is given", "452mwfAlqck-00097-00034328-00034626": "an its towards common good for all", "452mwfAlqck-00098-00034626-00034912": "then you have two different models.", "452mwfAlqck-00099-00034912-00035240": "And then I was reflecting", "452mwfAlqck-00100-00035264-00035662": "the institution where I come from, that is their objectives or mission", "452mwfAlqck-00102-00035712-00036014": "to be autonomous, sustainable,", "452mwfAlqck-00103-00036252-00036518": "social development and communication for social development", "452mwfAlqck-00104-00036532-00036688": "and towards the community.", "452mwfAlqck-00107-00036994-00037322": "so then we we were going though all these topics about radio", "452mwfAlqck-00108-00037404-00037776": "and we said \"I believe that in reality for a radio to work", "452mwfAlqck-00109-00037776-00038220": "it's not only about having computers, or a transmitter", "452mwfAlqck-00111-00038308-00038536": "and technical equipment", "452mwfAlqck-00112-00038536-00038770": "I believe it is also about knowledge", "452mwfAlqck-00113-00038770-00039104": "that is the most important because otherwise it will not work", "452mwfAlqck-00114-00039166-00039554": "another thing is how to encourage the people to get involved with the radio", "452mwfAlqck-00115-00039630-00039942": "even we are not getting involved in the radio", "452mwfAlqck-00116-00039942-00040336": "so I think that is a problem that we have", "452mwfAlqck-00117-00040336-00040575": "and precisely in this this workshop it has helped us a lot", "452mwfAlqck-00118-00040575-00040924": "and are those lessons that I take", "452mwfAlqck-00119-00040970-00041368": "and what I need is share this with other fellow", "452mwfAlqck-00121-00041434-00041720": "because there is a lot of us interested in radio", "452mwfAlqck-00122-00041720-00042114": "and I think that is where our starting point is", "452mwfAlqck-00125-00043050-00043218": "This common and joint learning", "452mwfAlqck-00126-00043218-00043396": "of sharing your knowledge", "452mwfAlqck-00128-00043472-00043712": "is one of the things that is obtained along the Diploma", "452mwfAlqck-00129-00043712-00044072": "and many allies in some way", "452mwfAlqck-00131-00044122-00044514": "because the sharing and closeness that is built on the away", "452mwfAlqck-00132-00044606-00044814": "creates a strong bond", "452mwfAlqck-00133-00044822-00045058": "and on any day that a radio needs something", "452mwfAlqck-00134-00045072-00045522": "I believe it will be reflected in a kind of help", "452mwfAlqck-00135-00045532-00045810": "that is much more concrete", "452mwfAlqck-00136-00045810-00046642": "In the diploma there were purépechas fellows, nahua,  mixes, zapotecas, ayuujk", "452mwfAlqck-00137-00046652-00047100": "I am originally Jacalteco, tseltal ,chol", "452mwfAlqck-00138-00047100-00047242": "of each one with their own worldviews", "452mwfAlqck-00139-00047242-00047746": "that it may look as different but there is a lot that we have in common", "452mwfAlqck-00140-00047762-00048186": "When we were in the community we thought we were the only ones in these things,", "452mwfAlqck-00141-00048310-00048790": "when we went out and met Boca de Poen we knew we were more in Chiapas", "452mwfAlqck-00142-00048832-00049198": "when we get here we realize that it is throughout the country that are doing many things.", "452mwfAlqck-00143-00049204-00049676": "When we attend the international summit we realize that it is not only the country but the whole world that is making changes.", "452mwfAlqck-00144-00049686-00050040": "so that encourages you to continue", "452mwfAlqck-00145-00050040-00050186": "and understand that the world is not so small", "452mwfAlqck-00146-00050192-00050618": "it is small sometimes but it is also very large where many things exist", "452mwfAlqck-00147-00050662-00050998": "it is a great learning the one that we have developed", "452mwfAlqck-00148-00051038-00051372": "we have learned the theoretical side that we did not know before", "452mwfAlqck-00149-00051376-00051540": "or that we did not understand", "452mwfAlqck-00150-00051562-00051822": "and practical learnings as well", "452mwfAlqck-00152-00051878-00052167": "the topic on \"Community Mobile Networks\"", "452mwfAlqck-00153-00052167-00052471": "it was broadly explained", "452mwfAlqck-00155-00052548-00052949": "but there was a community that had been through all the paper work", "452mwfAlqck-00156-00052950-00053120": "and they were going to install the network", "452mwfAlqck-00157-00053120-00053312": "so we arrived,", "452mwfAlqck-00158-00053312-00053616": "and it was a challenge because while they explained the process", "452mwfAlqck-00159-00053616-00053816": "they were building what they had to build", "452mwfAlqck-00160-00053816-00054062": "and that thing had to work by the end of the day", "452mwfAlqck-00162-00054170-00054394": "it was not any other workshop", "452mwfAlqck-00163-00054405-00054632": "that would have to end up working", "452mwfAlqck-00164-00054838-00055026": "The second part,", "452mwfAlqck-00165-00055026-00055325": "as well very important, of Techio Comunitario", "452mwfAlqck-00166-00055326-00055517": "are the Technological Laboratories", "452mwfAlqck-00167-00055517-00055844": "we have a central technological laboratory in Oaxaca", "452mwfAlqck-00168-00055844-00056060": "in Rhizomatica's and Palabra Radio's offices", "452mwfAlqck-00169-00056098-00056294": "another one in ISIA,", "452mwfAlqck-00170-00056294-00056482": "in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca", "452mwfAlqck-00171-00056554-00056885": "one in San Cristobal de las Casas, at Boca de Polen's offices", "452mwfAlqck-00172-00056886-00057146": "an another one that is in it's installation process", "452mwfAlqck-00173-00057146-00057429": "in Cesder's offices, in Zautla, Puebla", "452mwfAlqck-00174-00057455-00057642": "These four laboratories", "452mwfAlqck-00175-00057642-00057925": "provide the tools", "452mwfAlqck-00176-00057925-00058218": "so that the people that already have the knowledge acquired through the Diploma", "452mwfAlqck-00177-00058218-00058628": "is able to develop their own projects", "452mwfAlqck-00179-00058678-00058946": "and be able to use the tools that are found there", "452mwfAlqck-00180-00058946-00059217": "when we started the Diploma we had a commitment to finish a project", "452mwfAlqck-00181-00059217-00059530": "through the Diploma", "452mwfAlqck-00182-00059530-00059807": "now we have our first project", "452mwfAlqck-00183-00059808-00060036": "with another organization that is Boca de Polen", "452mwfAlqck-00184-00060041-00060238": "which consists in bringing Internet to a community names Nuevo Progreso", "452mwfAlqck-00185-00060238-00060503": "that is going to be the first project that we will develop", "452mwfAlqck-00186-00060503-00060773": "with another organization", "452mwfAlqck-00187-00060774-00060898": "its what we take with us and what we are going to do", "452mwfAlqck-00188-00060904-00061448": "What we are working on right now is to change from a commercial provider", "452mwfAlqck-00189-00061464-00061691": "towards trying to make the network free", "452mwfAlqck-00190-00061691-00062158": "However, that is a community work of ownership", "452mwfAlqck-00191-00062158-00062396": "that does not happen in days or months", "452mwfAlqck-00192-00062396-00062737": "it is a constant work in which we are working now", "452mwfAlqck-00193-00062738-00063034": "We are there working with another fellows", "452mwfAlqck-00194-00063034-00063278": "a radio project, Radio Comunal", "452mwfAlqck-00195-00063350-00063591": "We are making podcasts now", "452mwfAlqck-00196-00063704-00063899": "and looking for a way to broadcast,", "452mwfAlqck-00197-00063900-00064267": "we are working on the transmission", "452mwfAlqck-00198-00064267-00064572": "we broadcast specific events", "452mwfAlqck-00199-00064572-00064672": "and that is what we are working on", "452mwfAlqck-00200-00064879-00065240": "In the end its about doing, right?", "452mwfAlqck-00201-00065240-00065744": "otherwise there is no sens on just having the information", "452mwfAlqck-00203-00065986-00066466": "in this sense I believe it is very good that we get to learn about everything", "452mwfAlqck-00206-00066858-00067356": "this is the way to go, and now its up to us.", "452mwfAlqck-00208-00067490-00067902": "this workshop has been very useful to get to know this tool that we have", "452mwfAlqck-00209-00067902-00068042": "of the spoken workd", "452mwfAlqck-00210-00068042-00068342": "and we want to be prepared for what comes next", "452mwfAlqck-00212-00068424-00068624": "thank to you all", "452mwfAlqck-00213-00068624-00068990": "to give us the opportunity", "452mwfAlqck-00214-00069020-00069400": "and thank you too, because in this workshop I have come to realize", "452mwfAlqck-00215-00069464-00069968": "that there is also a fight towards the freedom of technologies", "452mwfAlqck-00217-00070112-00070420": "each module, each time we get together, it was something", "452mwfAlqck-00218-00070420-00070602": "that complements the previous part", "452mwfAlqck-00219-00070612-00071024": "but these activities that we do outside the workshop", "452mwfAlqck-00220-00071034-00071366": "is what gives life to the Diploma, in my opinion", "452mwfAlqck-00221-00071366-00071516": "it changed my life", "452mwfAlqck-00222-00071516-00071838": "and I think that could happen to any other person", "452mwfAlqck-00223-00071838-00072240": "and the diversity that I have found is very fullfililng", "452mwfAlqck-00225-00072408-00072724": "is the most fullfulling part", "452mwfAlqck-00226-00072724-00073006": "I was on a degree for four years", "452mwfAlqck-00227-00073006-00073286": "and I have learned more in these eight months", "452mwfAlqck-00228-00073286-00073588": "the topics are not only technical", "452mwfAlqck-00229-00073588-00073906": "its very diverse", "452mwfAlqck-00230-00073906-00074208": "they are all connected", "452mwfAlqck-00231-00074208-00074439": "they are all related", "452mwfAlqck-00232-00074440-00074722": "so there is a lot of learning, a lot of knowledge", "452mwfAlqck-00233-00074722-00075034": "plenty of experiences", "452mwfAlqck-00234-00075034-00075224": "so don't miss it!"}}, {"audio_id": "45mgFpX6J7Q", "text": {"45mgFpX6J7Q-00000-00000000-00000200": "lets talk guys"}}, {"audio_id": "45YzS0_3sZ4", "text": {"45YzS0_3sZ4-00000-00000010-00000083": ">> DENNIS: HI, EVERYONE.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00001-00000083-00000090": ">> DENNIS: HI, EVERYONE.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00002-00000090-00000233": ">> DENNIS: HI, EVERYONE. THANKS FOR JOINING US.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00003-00000233-00000240": ">> DENNIS: HI, EVERYONE. THANKS FOR JOINING US.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00004-00000240-00000400": ">> DENNIS: HI, EVERYONE. THANKS FOR JOINING US. FOR A PROJECT THAT SEEMED", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00005-00000400-00000407": "THANKS FOR JOINING US. FOR A PROJECT THAT SEEMED", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00006-00000407-00000597": "THANKS FOR JOINING US. FOR A PROJECT THAT SEEMED UNCERTAIN, THE SAVE THE CARNEGIE", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00007-00000597-00000603": "FOR A PROJECT THAT SEEMED UNCERTAIN, THE SAVE THE CARNEGIE", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00008-00000603-00000730": "FOR A PROJECT THAT SEEMED UNCERTAIN, THE SAVE THE CARNEGIE LIBRARY PROJECT JUST GOT A", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00009-00000730-00000737": "UNCERTAIN, THE SAVE THE CARNEGIE LIBRARY PROJECT JUST GOT A", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00010-00000737-00001014": "UNCERTAIN, THE SAVE THE CARNEGIE LIBRARY PROJECT JUST GOT A HELPFUL BOOST FROM AN ANONYMOUS", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00011-00001014-00001021": "LIBRARY PROJECT JUST GOT A HELPFUL BOOST FROM AN ANONYMOUS", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00012-00001021-00001071": "LIBRARY PROJECT JUST GOT A HELPFUL BOOST FROM AN ANONYMOUS DONOR.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00013-00001071-00001077": "HELPFUL BOOST FROM AN ANONYMOUS DONOR.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00014-00001077-00001197": "HELPFUL BOOST FROM AN ANONYMOUS DONOR. DURING MONDAY'S BEMIDJI CITY", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00015-00001197-00001204": "DONOR. DURING MONDAY'S BEMIDJI CITY", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00016-00001204-00001304": "DONOR. DURING MONDAY'S BEMIDJI CITY COUNCIL MEETING, THE FRIENDS OF", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00017-00001304-00001311": "DURING MONDAY'S BEMIDJI CITY COUNCIL MEETING, THE FRIENDS OF", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00018-00001311-00001478": "DURING MONDAY'S BEMIDJI CITY COUNCIL MEETING, THE FRIENDS OF THE CARNEGIE ANNOUNCED THAT THEY", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00019-00001478-00001484": "COUNCIL MEETING, THE FRIENDS OF THE CARNEGIE ANNOUNCED THAT THEY", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00020-00001484-00001604": "COUNCIL MEETING, THE FRIENDS OF THE CARNEGIE ANNOUNCED THAT THEY HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY CLOSED THE", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00021-00001604-00001611": "THE CARNEGIE ANNOUNCED THAT THEY HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY CLOSED THE", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00022-00001611-00001678": "THE CARNEGIE ANNOUNCED THAT THEY HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY CLOSED THE FINANCIAL GAP.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00023-00001678-00001685": "HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY CLOSED THE FINANCIAL GAP.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00024-00001685-00001835": "HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY CLOSED THE FINANCIAL GAP. MONEY IS STILL NEEDED TO RESTORE", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00025-00001835-00001841": "FINANCIAL GAP. MONEY IS STILL NEEDED TO RESTORE", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00026-00001841-00002058": "FINANCIAL GAP. MONEY IS STILL NEEDED TO RESTORE AND RENOVATE THE 110-YEAR-OLD", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00027-00002058-00002065": "MONEY IS STILL NEEDED TO RESTORE AND RENOVATE THE 110-YEAR-OLD", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00028-00002065-00002282": "MONEY IS STILL NEEDED TO RESTORE AND RENOVATE THE 110-YEAR-OLD BUILDING, BUT THE PROJECT SAVING", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00029-00002282-00002288": "AND RENOVATE THE 110-YEAR-OLD BUILDING, BUT THE PROJECT SAVING", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00030-00002288-00002589": "AND RENOVATE THE 110-YEAR-OLD BUILDING, BUT THE PROJECT SAVING DONATION OF $500,000 BRINGS THE", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00031-00002589-00002595": "BUILDING, BUT THE PROJECT SAVING DONATION OF $500,000 BRINGS THE", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00032-00002595-00002759": "BUILDING, BUT THE PROJECT SAVING DONATION OF $500,000 BRINGS THE AMOUNT RAISED TO OVER", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00033-00002759-00002766": "DONATION OF $500,000 BRINGS THE AMOUNT RAISED TO OVER", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00034-00002766-00002816": "DONATION OF $500,000 BRINGS THE AMOUNT RAISED TO OVER $2 MILLION.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00035-00002816-00002822": "AMOUNT RAISED TO OVER $2 MILLION.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00036-00002822-00002912": "AMOUNT RAISED TO OVER $2 MILLION. THE ORIGINAL BIDS CAME BACK", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00037-00002912-00002919": "$2 MILLION. THE ORIGINAL BIDS CAME BACK", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00038-00002919-00003069": "$2 MILLION. THE ORIGINAL BIDS CAME BACK HIGHER THAN EXPECTED.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00039-00003069-00003076": "THE ORIGINAL BIDS CAME BACK HIGHER THAN EXPECTED.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00040-00003076-00003186": "THE ORIGINAL BIDS CAME BACK HIGHER THAN EXPECTED. NOW THAT THE PROJECT HAS BEEN", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00041-00003186-00003193": "HIGHER THAN EXPECTED. NOW THAT THE PROJECT HAS BEEN", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00042-00003193-00003336": "HIGHER THAN EXPECTED. NOW THAT THE PROJECT HAS BEEN PUT OUT FOR BIDS AGAIN, FRIENDS", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00043-00003336-00003343": "NOW THAT THE PROJECT HAS BEEN PUT OUT FOR BIDS AGAIN, FRIENDS", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00044-00003343-00003503": "NOW THAT THE PROJECT HAS BEEN PUT OUT FOR BIDS AGAIN, FRIENDS OF THE CARNEGIE SAY THEY HAVE A", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00045-00003503-00003510": "PUT OUT FOR BIDS AGAIN, FRIENDS OF THE CARNEGIE SAY THEY HAVE A", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00046-00003510-00003960": "PUT OUT FOR BIDS AGAIN, FRIENDS OF THE CARNEGIE SAY THEY HAVE A POSITIVE OUTLOOK ON THE PROJECT.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00047-00003960-00003967": "OF THE CARNEGIE SAY THEY HAVE A POSITIVE OUTLOOK ON THE PROJECT.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00048-00003967-00004237": "OF THE CARNEGIE SAY THEY HAVE A POSITIVE OUTLOOK ON THE PROJECT. >> WE FEEL SO MUCH BETTER ABOUT", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00049-00004237-00004244": "POSITIVE OUTLOOK ON THE PROJECT. >> WE FEEL SO MUCH BETTER ABOUT", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00050-00004244-00004391": "POSITIVE OUTLOOK ON THE PROJECT. >> WE FEEL SO MUCH BETTER ABOUT THE WHOLE PROJECT THAT WE WERE", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00051-00004391-00004397": ">> WE FEEL SO MUCH BETTER ABOUT THE WHOLE PROJECT THAT WE WERE", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00052-00004397-00004511": ">> WE FEEL SO MUCH BETTER ABOUT THE WHOLE PROJECT THAT WE WERE REALLY KIND OF DEPRESSED WHEN", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00053-00004511-00004517": "THE WHOLE PROJECT THAT WE WERE REALLY KIND OF DEPRESSED WHEN", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00054-00004517-00004704": "THE WHOLE PROJECT THAT WE WERE REALLY KIND OF DEPRESSED WHEN THE FIRST NUMBERS CAME BACK ON", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00055-00004704-00004711": "REALLY KIND OF DEPRESSED WHEN THE FIRST NUMBERS CAME BACK ON", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00056-00004711-00004781": "REALLY KIND OF DEPRESSED WHEN THE FIRST NUMBERS CAME BACK ON THE BIDS.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00057-00004781-00004788": "THE FIRST NUMBERS CAME BACK ON THE BIDS.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00058-00004788-00005215": "THE FIRST NUMBERS CAME BACK ON THE BIDS. AND WE HAD SUCH A LARGE GAP.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00059-00005215-00005221": "THE BIDS. AND WE HAD SUCH A LARGE GAP.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00060-00005221-00005375": "THE BIDS. AND WE HAD SUCH A LARGE GAP. BUT NOW WE'RE JUST EXCITED, AND", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00061-00005375-00005382": "AND WE HAD SUCH A LARGE GAP. BUT NOW WE'RE JUST EXCITED, AND", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00062-00005382-00005532": "AND WE HAD SUCH A LARGE GAP. BUT NOW WE'RE JUST EXCITED, AND WE KNOW THE PROJECT WILL GO", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00063-00005532-00005538": "BUT NOW WE'RE JUST EXCITED, AND WE KNOW THE PROJECT WILL GO", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00064-00005538-00005588": "BUT NOW WE'RE JUST EXCITED, AND WE KNOW THE PROJECT WILL GO FORWARD.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00065-00005588-00005595": "WE KNOW THE PROJECT WILL GO FORWARD.", "45YzS0_3sZ4-00066-00005595-00005648": "WE KNOW THE PROJECT WILL GO FORWARD. >> ALL THAT REMAINS TO RAISE IS"}}, {"audio_id": "460u2dEfjtU", "text": {"460u2dEfjtU-00000-00000000-00000454": "Your Natchez History Minute is brought to you by the Natchez National Park Service", "460u2dEfjtU-00001-00000610-00001092": "Jackson State University has a distinguished history, rich in the tradition of educating", "460u2dEfjtU-00002-00001092-00001634": "young men and women to fill leadership positions across our nation. The American Baptist Home", "460u2dEfjtU-00003-00001634-00002301": "Mission Society founded the school as the Natchez Seminary in 1877. The Society established", "460u2dEfjtU-00004-00002301-00002880": "the seminary “for the moral, religious and intellectual improvement of Christian leaders", "460u2dEfjtU-00005-00002880-00003494": "of the colored people of Mississippi and the neighboring states.” In November 1882, however,", "460u2dEfjtU-00006-00003494-00004130": "the school was moved from Natchez to Jackson, Mississippi and by March 1899, with an expanded", "460u2dEfjtU-00007-00004130-00004578": "curriculum, the name was changed to Jackson College. The state of Mississippi assumed", "460u2dEfjtU-00008-00004578-00005180": "support of the institution in 1940, with a renewed focus on training teachers. By 1956,", "460u2dEfjtU-00009-00005180-00005808": "with the college’s curriculum including a new graduate program and bachelor’s programs", "460u2dEfjtU-00010-00005808-00006390": "in the arts and sciences, Jackson College’s name was changed to Jackson State College.", "460u2dEfjtU-00011-00006390-00006959": "Jackson State College continued to experience rapid growth and with an ever-expanding curriculum", "460u2dEfjtU-00012-00006959-00007495": "and a notable building program, the institution of higher learning reached university status", "460u2dEfjtU-00013-00007495-00008196": "in 1974. Today, Jackson State, Mississippi’s urban university, continues to challenge minds", "460u2dEfjtU-00014-00008196-00008336": "and change lives.", "460u2dEfjtU-00015-00008718-00009258": "I’m John Michael Perkins, recent graduate and former athlete at Jackson State University", "460u2dEfjtU-00016-00009259-00009792": "current H.B.C.U.I intern at Natchez National Historical Park, and this is your Natchez", "460u2dEfjtU-00017-00009792-00009861": "History Minute."}}, {"audio_id": "463JxLFTwUQ", "text": {"463JxLFTwUQ-00000-00000039-00000572": "So, here we have we're trying to award a  scholarship to one of four students.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00001-00000572-00000910": "Anna, Bryan, Carlos, and Dimitri.  and we're going to just go ahead and use", "463JxLFTwUQ-00002-00000910-00001280": "Copeland's method here.  So, if we do that, we can make our", "463JxLFTwUQ-00003-00001280-00001851": "comparisons, right?  We're going to compare A versus B, A", "463JxLFTwUQ-00004-00001851-00003050": "versus C, A versus D, B versus C, C B  versus D and finally C versus D.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00005-00003050-00003278": "So, let's see if we can do this real  quick.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00006-00003278-00004325": "So, A versus B, it looks like oops.  It looks like we got ten to ten, and so", "463JxLFTwUQ-00007-00004325-00004976": "that's a tie.  So, we got A as a half, B as a half now.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00008-00004976-00005629": "for A versus C, we've got, let's see.  A, A, C, A.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00009-00005629-00006212": "So, it looks like 14 to six that one's  going to A.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00010-00006212-00006864": "So, 14 to six, that one's going to A.  next we got A versus D.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00011-00006864-00007396": "So, we've got D, A, D, D.  And it sure looks like D is going to win", "463JxLFTwUQ-00012-00007396-00008086": "there.  So, D gets one point there.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00013-00008086-00008628": "and so on and so forth.  just skip, let me just, quickly go", "463JxLFTwUQ-00014-00008628-00009137": "through this here.  So here D ends up getting the point.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00015-00009137-00009468": "Here, C gets the point.  Here, B gets the point.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00016-00009468-00010082": "And here C ends up getting the point.  So, it turns out that in the end it turns", "463JxLFTwUQ-00017-00010082-00010649": "out that A here gets one and a half  points, B gets one and a half points, C", "463JxLFTwUQ-00018-00010649-00011358": "gets two points and D only gets one  point.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00019-00011358-00011935": "And so C wins the scholarship.  Now, we're going to see now a, a slight", "463JxLFTwUQ-00020-00011935-00012633": "problem with the Copeland's method.  So, it turns out that Dimitry wasn't", "463JxLFTwUQ-00021-00012633-00013319": "actually eligible for this for this for  this scholarship.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00022-00013319-00013788": "And so, we're going to have to eliminate  Dimitry from our, from our set of", "463JxLFTwUQ-00023-00013788-00014221": "choices.  So, we're just going to take Dimitry out", "463JxLFTwUQ-00024-00014221-00014769": "and, and rerun the election with just  these three candidates.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00025-00014769-00015435": "So, now we've got A versus B A versus C,  and B versus C.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00026-00015435-00016016": "So, comparing A to B, we've got A, A, B,  B is ten to ten is tied.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00027-00016016-00016766": "so A and B both get half a point.  Sounds familiar?", "463JxLFTwUQ-00028-00016766-00017340": "and then, let's see.  Next up we've got A versus C.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00029-00017340-00017743": "We got A, A, C, A.  It looks like A is going to win that one", "463JxLFTwUQ-00030-00017743-00018192": "with 14 to six.  so A gets a point.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00031-00018192-00019097": "and then next we've got B versus C.  So, we got C, C, C, B and it looks like", "463JxLFTwUQ-00032-00019097-00019854": "we've got a 16 to four.  oops, 16 to four in favor of C there, so", "463JxLFTwUQ-00033-00019854-00020435": "C gets, C gets one point.  and when we total up all of our points", "463JxLFTwUQ-00034-00020435-00021088": "now, something bad has happened.  it turns out that even though D was not", "463JxLFTwUQ-00035-00021088-00021611": "the winner, by eliminating D we've had a  change.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00036-00021611-00022163": "Now A wins.  And that seems a little weird.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00037-00022163-00022914": "so the idea here is, is something called  independence of irrelevant alternatives.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00038-00022914-00023490": "which I'll attempt to write here.  Independence of irrelevant alternative.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00039-00023490-00023849": "And the idea behind is this that just as  you know, if some, if a choice that was", "463JxLFTwUQ-00040-00023849-00024231": "not a winning choice is removed from the  election, it doesn't seem like it should", "463JxLFTwUQ-00041-00024231-00024836": "change the winner of the election.  and, and when it does, we call it a", "463JxLFTwUQ-00042-00024836-00025265": "violation of the independence of  irrelevant alternatives criterion.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00043-00025265-00025654": "a great example of this criterion is a  idea that you know if, if a waitress", "463JxLFTwUQ-00044-00025654-00026115": "comes and says, hey, do you want apple  pie or blueberry pie.", "463JxLFTwUQ-00045-00026115-00026514": "And you say, I'd like the apple pie.  And somebody comes, she comes back later", "463JxLFTwUQ-00046-00026514-00026920": "and says, oh we also have chocolate cake.  And he says, oh never mind I'll have the", "463JxLFTwUQ-00047-00026920-00027266": "blueberry pie then.  It's like, why should that irrelevant", "463JxLFTwUQ-00048-00027266-00027639": "alternative change the outcome of the  decision?", "463JxLFTwUQ-00049-00027639-00028789": "That's the, the, the fairness issue with  independence for irrelevant alternatives."}}, {"audio_id": "46mB9TJ30iy", "text": {"46mB9TJ30iy-00000-00001104-00001401": "Kwong Nui Sim: Kia ora. Good afternoon everyone. Thank you to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00001-00001401-00001880": "see so many of you here. As we all know, this is the part two", "46mB9TJ30iy-00002-00001923-00002313": "from the last year's panel discussion, which was very well", "46mB9TJ30iy-00003-00002313-00002724": "received. So we thought you'll be nice to have the second part", "46mB9TJ30iy-00004-00002724-00003024": "of the discussion and thank you very much to all the speakers", "46mB9TJ30iy-00005-00003102-00003759": "willingly participate in today's discussion again. So I'm Kwong", "46mB9TJ30iy-00006-00003759-00004044": "Nui. I'm a Senior Lecturer at Auckland University of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00007-00004044-00004497": "Technology. In a minute, I will ask our speakers to briefly", "46mB9TJ30iy-00008-00004497-00004905": "introduce themselves as I can see, there are quite a few new", "46mB9TJ30iy-00009-00004905-00005193": "audience in the group for this session.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00010-00005322-00005646": "Before that, I would like to say this session will be recorded.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00011-00005667-00006024": "So if you would like to turn off your camera, feel free to do", "46mB9TJ30iy-00012-00006024-00006444": "that. And we do have the live transcription function being", "46mB9TJ30iy-00013-00006444-00006773": "turned on, and we will check through the transcription before", "46mB9TJ30iy-00014-00006773-00007293": "we share that in public later. So yes, over to you, Claire,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00015-00007295-00007428": "would you like to say a few words?", "46mB9TJ30iy-00016-00007461-00007764": "Claire Amos: Good afternoon. Kia ora. My name is Claire Amos, and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00017-00007764-00008214": "I am the Principal / Timuaki of Albany Senior High School here", "46mB9TJ30iy-00018-00008214-00008715": "in Auckland and have also sat on a number of reference groups and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00019-00008715-00009045": "advisory boards in the educational technology space and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00020-00009045-00009426": "serve on the NetSafe Board and the N4L Advisory Board.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00021-00009564-00009789": "Kwong Nui Sim: Thank you, Claire. Stephen.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00022-00009903-00010128": "Stephen Marshall: Hi everyone. I'm Professor Stephen Marshall.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00023-00010128-00010455": "I'm the Director for the Centre for Academic Development at", "46mB9TJ30iy-00024-00010455-00010833": "Victoria University of Wellington, been in the sector", "46mB9TJ30iy-00025-00010836-00011388": "for decades. And my interests are in how the whole tertiary", "46mB9TJ30iy-00026-00011388-00011871": "system operates as a system and also the role that technology", "46mB9TJ30iy-00027-00011871-00012336": "plays in helping us see new ways that we might enact tertiary", "46mB9TJ30iy-00028-00012336-00012495": "education in the future.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00029-00012603-00012837": "Kwong Nui Sim: Thank you, Stephen. And Steve.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00030-00012935-00013172": "Steve Leichtweis: Tēnā koutou. Good afternoon everyone. My name", "46mB9TJ30iy-00031-00013172-00013682": "is Steve Leichtweis. I am the Head of the E-Learning Group at", "46mB9TJ30iy-00032-00013682-00014165": "the University of Auckland. And that is a central learning and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00033-00014165-00014882": "design team for the university. My interests are in technology", "46mB9TJ30iy-00034-00014882-00015397": "enhanced learning. I also have an interest in the use of data", "46mB9TJ30iy-00035-00015401-00016052": "to inform better learning design, and I also have", "46mB9TJ30iy-00036-00016094-00016688": "connections in a vice presidential role with ACODE", "46mB9TJ30iy-00037-00016688-00017018": "which is the Australasian Council for Online, Distance,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00038-00017051-00017591": "and eLearning and routinely have conversations with our peers at", "46mB9TJ30iy-00039-00017591-00017963": "the Australian and other New Zealand universities around some", "46mB9TJ30iy-00040-00017963-00018266": "of the very issues that we're going to hopefully delve into", "46mB9TJ30iy-00041-00018266-00018311": "today.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00042-00018429-00018822": "Kwong Nui Sim: Thank you all. As we all can hear, all three", "46mB9TJ30iy-00043-00018822-00019341": "speakers are the experts in flexible learning for our", "46mB9TJ30iy-00044-00019341-00019854": "schools or tertiary education sector, both at the national and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00045-00019857-00020310": "international level. So what we are going to do is, I'm going to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00046-00020316-00020859": "ask the panel to share their perspective on the questions.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00047-00020883-00021306": "But for the audience, feel free to jump in by raising your hands", "46mB9TJ30iy-00048-00021339-00021765": "or put in the chat box or turn on your mic. If you want to say", "46mB9TJ30iy-00049-00021765-00022197": "something or ask a question. I will keep an eye and we do have", "46mB9TJ30iy-00050-00022197-00022614": "Kristina in the background, helping me to organise", "46mB9TJ30iy-00051-00022650-00022698": "everything.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00052-00022755-00023166": "So the first question is, as we all know, this is the third year", "46mB9TJ30iy-00053-00023166-00023565": "now into global pandemic or maybe we shall say is", "46mB9TJ30iy-00054-00023619-00024177": "post-pandemic not sure. So, for all the speakers today are the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00055-00024177-00024762": "challenges from the start in 2020s still important today,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00056-00024771-00025203": "especially in the New Zealand context? This is especially when", "46mB9TJ30iy-00057-00025203-00025680": "New Zealand was kind of having COVID-free for one year in", "46mB9TJ30iy-00058-00025680-00026160": "between. So who would like to start sharing?", "46mB9TJ30iy-00059-00026238-00026736": "Steve Leichtweis: I can kick off. So the short answer is no.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00060-00026841-00027567": "I would argue that one year of being COVID-free has not given", "46mB9TJ30iy-00061-00027567-00028032": "us any special advantage whatsoever. And in fact, it may", "46mB9TJ30iy-00062-00028032-00028386": "have - it might make the discussion a little bit more", "46mB9TJ30iy-00063-00028386-00028872": "difficult because we actually haven't been under the same", "46mB9TJ30iy-00064-00028872-00029337": "level of stress and really haven't necessarily had the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00065-00029337-00029793": "risks of what this means for learning and teaching going", "46mB9TJ30iy-00066-00029793-00030111": "forward. Whether that's secondary or tertiary going", "46mB9TJ30iy-00067-00030111-00030882": "forward. And I think what we would have seen initially, at", "46mB9TJ30iy-00068-00030882-00031364": "the start of the pandemic, was a very reactive stance from every", "46mB9TJ30iy-00069-00031364-00031812": "education provider. And what that meant is a lot of staff", "46mB9TJ30iy-00070-00031812-00032367": "went above and beyond what is normally expected. It was pretty", "46mB9TJ30iy-00071-00032367-00032702": "much all hands on deck to make sure that teaching continued,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00072-00032781-00033255": "and that required extra time and effort from everyone going", "46mB9TJ30iy-00073-00033255-00033321": "forward.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00074-00033543-00034140": "We can't keep asking our staff to behave in the same way, with", "46mB9TJ30iy-00075-00034185-00034536": "expectations for heightened workload, and the stress that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00076-00034536-00034794": "comes with that, and the different ways of delivering.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00077-00034842-00035280": "And so thinking, going forward, it's more about being proactive", "46mB9TJ30iy-00078-00035283-00035796": "and making this sustainable in a way that people can make it work", "46mB9TJ30iy-00079-00035799-00036249": "within their normal lives without that extra all consuming", "46mB9TJ30iy-00080-00036249-00036753": "workload that most of us experienced. And that requires", "46mB9TJ30iy-00081-00036753-00037401": "focusing on staff and capability development and growing their", "46mB9TJ30iy-00082-00037401-00037992": "comfort and capability at doing this long term.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00083-00038215-00038596": "Stephen Marshall: I think we've - I agree completely. And I", "46mB9TJ30iy-00084-00038596-00038917": "think we've burned through a number of different types of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00085-00038917-00039289": "capital in the last couple of years. We've burned through the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00086-00039385-00039673": "sort of pent up capacity for people to, as you say, to do", "46mB9TJ30iy-00087-00039673-00040150": "above and beyond, and now just weary and exhausted. We've", "46mB9TJ30iy-00088-00040150-00040567": "burned through capital in terms of financial resources for the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00089-00040567-00041185": "universities, particularly where we've had some amount of a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00090-00041185-00041443": "buffer because of international students that were present", "46mB9TJ30iy-00091-00041443-00041800": "domestically, that's essentially dried up for this year.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00092-00041863-00042151": "We're starting to see real challenges right across the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00093-00042151-00042490": "sector in terms of domestic enrollments and people's", "46mB9TJ30iy-00094-00042490-00043147": "behaviours. But more generally, I think we've lost the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00095-00043147-00043786": "willingness to do things differently because of the sense", "46mB9TJ30iy-00096-00043786-00044011": "that this was only going to be for a short time, and I think", "46mB9TJ30iy-00097-00044011-00044413": "people have now crystallised into a view that there are", "46mB9TJ30iy-00098-00044413-00044722": "things that are going to continue to be disruptive and to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00099-00044722-00045280": "affect us for years to come. And that's quite confronting as", "46mB9TJ30iy-00100-00045280-00045631": "people have found the last couple of years disorienting and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00101-00045817-00046087": "unaligned to how they believe they should be doing their job", "46mB9TJ30iy-00102-00046087-00046282": "and what they believe their job involved.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00103-00046384-00046795": "So I think we're going to start seeing an increase in people", "46mB9TJ30iy-00104-00046813-00047056": "finally, just leaving the system, particularly as the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00105-00047056-00047416": "borders open, and it's possible for particularly, Victoria has a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00106-00047416-00047761": "very high proportion of international staff. I won't be", "46mB9TJ30iy-00107-00047761-00048136": "at all surprised to see a number of those people simply go back", "46mB9TJ30iy-00108-00048136-00048487": "home to the countries that have come from in order to recover", "46mB9TJ30iy-00109-00048598-00048997": "purely because they've lost the capacity to continue to be part", "46mB9TJ30iy-00110-00048997-00049096": "of the system we're in.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00111-00049156-00049531": "And we continue to have completely random disruptions", "46mB9TJ30iy-00112-00049537-00049771": "that we haven't experienced previously that are more", "46mB9TJ30iy-00113-00049771-00050041": "challenging. And as Steve says, we had a year of relative", "46mB9TJ30iy-00114-00050056-00050572": "quietness. We've had an invasion of a third of our campus and the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00115-00050575-00050872": "impact of that on the rest of the operations of the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00116-00050872-00051301": "university. We've had essentially all of the students", "46mB9TJ30iy-00117-00051301-00051595": "in our halls of accommodation locked in their rooms for a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00118-00051595-00052039": "fortnight while they recover from COVID. And that's been", "46mB9TJ30iy-00119-00052039-00052341": "incredibly disruptive to the well being of the students and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00120-00052525-00052798": "really is disrupting staff's sense of what it is that they", "46mB9TJ30iy-00121-00052798-00053032": "can achieve in their courses this year. So people, I think", "46mB9TJ30iy-00122-00053032-00053379": "there's a sense that this is possibly going to be the hardest", "46mB9TJ30iy-00123-00053379-00053788": "year of the time since the pandemic hit us.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00124-00053853-00054210": "Claire Amos: Yeah. And I would add to that in the sense that I", "46mB9TJ30iy-00125-00054210-00054696": "think one of the biggest changes we've seen in recent times is", "46mB9TJ30iy-00126-00054699-00055137": "we've shifted from complex to more complex in the sense that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00127-00055233-00055679": "we were doing complex work, learning how to move our", "46mB9TJ30iy-00128-00055679-00056103": "learning online. But at least up until very recently, it was", "46mB9TJ30iy-00129-00056103-00056412": "discrete: We were either face-to-face, or we were all", "46mB9TJ30iy-00130-00056412-00056799": "working with all of our students online. And what has been the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00131-00056799-00057174": "most challenging part of this year so far, is having to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00132-00057177-00057669": "escalate genuinely hybridised learning and getting your head", "46mB9TJ30iy-00133-00057669-00058113": "around what that looks like in a secondary context, and doing it", "46mB9TJ30iy-00134-00058113-00058437": "in such a way that was clear enough for the students but also", "46mB9TJ30iy-00135-00058437-00058800": "sustainable practice for the teachers when you've got very", "46mB9TJ30iy-00136-00058800-00059304": "active unions and other parties also speaking up to make sure", "46mB9TJ30iy-00137-00059304-00059664": "that there was never an expectation for teachers to be", "46mB9TJ30iy-00138-00059666-00060207": "going above and beyond their workload expectations. As both", "46mB9TJ30iy-00139-00060207-00060537": "the Steven's have mentioned that idea of that sort of resource", "46mB9TJ30iy-00140-00060537-00060990": "and capital and goodwill that we saw people dipping into for the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00141-00060990-00061326": "last two years has really come to a bit of an end.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00142-00061300-00061757": "And, you know, I'm concerned about what I think is more of a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00143-00061764-00062199": "wellbeing pandemic [chuckle] really than a COVID pandemic", "46mB9TJ30iy-00144-00062206-00062671": "that we're stepping into now. And the increased sort of, like", "46mB9TJ30iy-00145-00062679-00063090": "how, like, I've seen staff wobbly that I've never seen", "46mB9TJ30iy-00146-00063098-00063563": "wobbling in the last few months, and I've seen staff who have", "46mB9TJ30iy-00147-00063571-00064035": "come down with COVID and have been knocked sideways by what I", "46mB9TJ30iy-00148-00064043-00064455": "assume is the impact of long COVID on their health and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00149-00064462-00064866": "wellbeing. And these are teachers who managed complex", "46mB9TJ30iy-00150-00064874-00065308": "situations with ease, who, you know, I'm lucky to be in a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00151-00065316-00065712": "school where we've got one-to-one devices and highly", "46mB9TJ30iy-00152-00065720-00066146": "skilled staff and pretty competent group of students who", "46mB9TJ30iy-00153-00066154-00066634": "have been supported to work both face-to-face and online. But I", "46mB9TJ30iy-00154-00066642-00067122": "don't think we have necessarily been prepared for the impact of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00155-00067130-00067610": "the illness on those players in this piece as well. So it's not", "46mB9TJ30iy-00156-00067617-00068052": "just about getting your head around hybrid learning, it's", "46mB9TJ30iy-00157-00068059-00068501": "about how do we support a workforce and a student body who", "46mB9TJ30iy-00158-00068509-00069043": "are actually both physically and emotionally unwell a lot of the time.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00159-00069045-00069465": "I also worry about the fact that the thing that hasn't changed is", "46mB9TJ30iy-00160-00069465-00069900": "the digital divide. And if anything, us going back into", "46mB9TJ30iy-00161-00069900-00070290": "school, and school being open, and us simply just being", "46mB9TJ30iy-00162-00070290-00070521": "responsive to students who are at home because they're", "46mB9TJ30iy-00163-00070521-00070809": "isolating because of family members or because they are", "46mB9TJ30iy-00164-00070809-00071334": "themselves unwell, doesn't shine a light on those students who", "46mB9TJ30iy-00165-00071334-00071781": "don't have universal WiFi access and don't have universal device", "46mB9TJ30iy-00166-00071781-00072060": "access because quite frankly, if they go a week with some", "46mB9TJ30iy-00167-00072123-00072423": "worksheets in a workbook, they'll be fine, they'll come", "46mB9TJ30iy-00168-00072423-00072750": "back into the system radiradira. So I don't - I think the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00169-00072750-00073149": "pressure and the heat has come off that issue a little bit, and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00170-00073149-00073644": "actually, it's the worst time for it to come off that issue. I", "46mB9TJ30iy-00171-00073644-00074067": "think that we need to ensure that we're still having that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00172-00074067-00074481": "conversation in terms of ensuring that there is universal", "46mB9TJ30iy-00173-00074481-00074826": "basic WiFi for every New Zealander, that there is", "46mB9TJ30iy-00174-00074928-00075345": "adequate appropriate device for every student in their high", "46mB9TJ30iy-00175-00075345-00075606": "school and that teachers are actually proactively being", "46mB9TJ30iy-00176-00075606-00076119": "supported to get their head around strategic approaches to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00177-00076119-00076620": "hybrid learning rather than ad hoc, poorly designed approaches", "46mB9TJ30iy-00178-00076620-00076692": "to learning.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00179-00076692-00077025": "And all of this is happening while our leaders are being", "46mB9TJ30iy-00180-00077025-00077538": "diverted into being managers of vaccine mandates, or up until", "46mB9TJ30iy-00181-00077538-00078024": "very recently, we've been given the job of managing masks and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00182-00078024-00078438": "enforcing mask wearing in our schools. I've been walking", "46mB9TJ30iy-00183-00078438-00078864": "around the school with a CO2 monitor [chuckle]. And doing", "46mB9TJ30iy-00184-00078864-00079227": "that work and being engaged in conversations around", "46mB9TJ30iy-00185-00079227-00079548": "ventilation. So just at a time when we actually need to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00186-00079548-00079998": "probably doing some of the most sophisticated, complex work that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00187-00079998-00080358": "you can ask for, i.e. really well designed hybrid teaching", "46mB9TJ30iy-00188-00080358-00080730": "and learning, there's actually a whole lot else that's being", "46mB9TJ30iy-00189-00080733-00081117": "asked of our school leaders, and a whole lot of challenges that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00190-00081117-00081528": "both our students and our teachers are facing that meaning", "46mB9TJ30iy-00191-00081528-00081867": "that that isn't necessarily feeling like it should be as", "46mB9TJ30iy-00192-00081867-00082182": "much of a priority as it needs to be, if that makes sense.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00193-00082217-00082508": "Stephen Marshall: Yeah and I think you're highlighting that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00194-00082511-00082817": "one of the challenges we face, and I would say this is across", "46mB9TJ30iy-00195-00082817-00083357": "the educational system in New Zealand, is a relatively weak", "46mB9TJ30iy-00196-00083366-00083984": "organisational structure and the capacity to enact systems that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00197-00083990-00084236": "do a bit of the heavy lifting for people in terms of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00198-00084236-00084611": "understanding how to solve some of these problems, rather than", "46mB9TJ30iy-00199-00084620-00084839": "putting it on to people that they have to make their own", "46mB9TJ30iy-00200-00084839-00085136": "individual solutions, either at a school level or classroom", "46mB9TJ30iy-00201-00085136-00085523": "level, or within an academic situation as individual", "46mB9TJ30iy-00202-00085523-00086099": "academics. And historically, we have had, particularly in the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00203-00086099-00086591": "university system, a culture of great independence of action,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00204-00086693-00087203": "which is all very well, when we're talking about relatively", "46mB9TJ30iy-00205-00087206-00087470": "forgiving environments like physical classrooms.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00206-00087545-00087953": "And long experience working with digital technologies,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00207-00087953-00088517": "particularly, has taught me that you can't focus on turning", "46mB9TJ30iy-00208-00088517-00088766": "everybody into technical experts. You can't focus on", "46mB9TJ30iy-00209-00088766-00089111": "everybody having particular tools and technologies. You have", "46mB9TJ30iy-00210-00089111-00089486": "to think about the thing as a complete system and put in place", "46mB9TJ30iy-00211-00089486-00089876": "the dynamics that allow things to work well, even for the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00212-00089876-00090251": "people who are not able or interested or willing to engage", "46mB9TJ30iy-00213-00090254-00090596": "in, in detail professional development and training for", "46mB9TJ30iy-00214-00090596-00090899": "people who don't have always the latest and greatest, both in", "46mB9TJ30iy-00215-00090899-00091217": "terms of bandwidth for device or even particular types of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00216-00091217-00091781": "devices. And solving those problems is not something that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00217-00091781-00092120": "we can do as individual academics, as individual", "46mB9TJ30iy-00218-00092120-00092639": "teachers, they have to be things that we act on collectively. And", "46mB9TJ30iy-00219-00092639-00093149": "that requires a certain willingness to engage with this", "46mB9TJ30iy-00220-00093149-00093677": "problem collectively rather than defending the ditch on a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00221-00093677-00093926": "particular way of doing things that historically may well have", "46mB9TJ30iy-00222-00093926-00094187": "worked, and worked extremely well.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00223-00094235-00094493": "Claire Amos: And I think as well, we see the the real", "46mB9TJ30iy-00224-00094532-00094859": "tension that we see in a lot of areas, particularly in secondary", "46mB9TJ30iy-00225-00094973-00095537": "education, with the concept of self governing schools, and the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00226-00095567-00096086": "desire to hold on to this real sense of how we do things here", "46mB9TJ30iy-00227-00096161-00096560": "at this school, and you then combine that with an education", "46mB9TJ30iy-00228-00096560-00097154": "system that has become nearly consultative to a point. And", "46mB9TJ30iy-00229-00097154-00097637": "until the point of just like paralysis, you know, where we", "46mB9TJ30iy-00230-00097637-00097997": "constantly seeing, you know, questionnaires, surveys,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00231-00098042-00098468": "research groups, discussions about what we could possibly do", "46mB9TJ30iy-00232-00098468-00098972": "and there's this desire to make everyone feel like everyone has", "46mB9TJ30iy-00233-00098972-00099443": "been heard, ad nauseam, but then actually very little happens", "46mB9TJ30iy-00234-00099569-00099875": "because actually, you ran out of runway, when you consulted for", "46mB9TJ30iy-00235-00099875-00099929": "so long [chuckle].", "46mB9TJ30iy-00236-00100010-00100727": "Stephen Marshall: Yeah. It's - people often become very upset", "46mB9TJ30iy-00237-00100733-00101195": "when the conversation of larger scale thinking has bought into", "46mB9TJ30iy-00238-00101198-00101585": "to any area, particularly in the education space. And a lot of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00239-00101585-00102023": "people react very badly to ideas of sort of standards and common", "46mB9TJ30iy-00240-00102023-00102443": "systems. And they believe that that dehumanises what we're", "46mB9TJ30iy-00241-00102443-00102704": "doing and takes away the creative component of their", "46mB9TJ30iy-00242-00102704-00103115": "work. And I, I don't, I'm not convinced by that argument", "46mB9TJ30iy-00243-00103115-00103400": "because I don't think people's creativity is enacted through", "46mB9TJ30iy-00244-00103400-00103558": "the organisational systems.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00245-00103500-00103824": "Claire Amos: And they can become enabling constraints...", "46mB9TJ30iy-00246-00103840-00103876": "Stephen Marshall: Exactly.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00247-00103879-00104190": "Claire Amos: ... they can become the mechanism that then frees", "46mB9TJ30iy-00248-00104191-00104597": "people up to focus on what really does matter. And I often", "46mB9TJ30iy-00249-00104604-00105025": "say, and I don't know if it's the same in your sectors, that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00250-00105032-00105425": "actually, we have a lot of educational leaders that step", "46mB9TJ30iy-00251-00105432-00105838": "away from being the leader of teaching and learning within", "46mB9TJ30iy-00252-00105845-00106287": "their school. And actually, the way that we're designed and the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00253-00106294-00106749": "fact that you are running around looking after your buildings and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00254-00106756-00107198": "CO2 and ventilation and X Y, Z, actually becomes a really handy", "46mB9TJ30iy-00255-00107205-00107633": "out for educational leaders who don't wish to be or don't see", "46mB9TJ30iy-00256-00107640-00108060": "that their core job is actually being the leader of learning", "46mB9TJ30iy-00257-00108067-00108509": "within their school. And I think with technologies, there could", "46mB9TJ30iy-00258-00108516-00108950": "have easily been some systemic decisions that, you know, we've", "46mB9TJ30iy-00259-00108958-00109350": "that we've seen in our spaces around things like student", "46mB9TJ30iy-00260-00109357-00109743": "achievement data and the centralisation of student data", "46mB9TJ30iy-00261-00109750-00110205": "and what have you, and what that then would have enabled us to do", "46mB9TJ30iy-00262-00110212-00110654": "in terms of working smarter and more quickly with how we manage", "46mB9TJ30iy-00263-00110661-00111117": "assessments online. And track progress and those sorts of things.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00264-00111117-00117911": "Steve Leichtweis: It's not surprising. I think when you are", "46mB9TJ30iy-00265-00115350-00115661": "Stephen Marshall: Interestingly, I would suggest that in many", "46mB9TJ30iy-00266-00115661-00116205": "cases, I've seen more pushback from change from managers and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00267-00116205-00116658": "leaders who are concerned that change compromises their comfort", "46mB9TJ30iy-00268-00116658-00117006": "and control of something as opposed to the change being", "46mB9TJ30iy-00269-00117006-00117219": "experienced by the people who are actually doing the thing", "46mB9TJ30iy-00270-00117219-00117710": "affected by the change. And I'm a large proponent of distributed", "46mB9TJ30iy-00271-00117710-00118146": "leadership and this idea that we take our ego a little bit out of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00272-00117911-00118377": "in a position where you're being forced to consider all sorts of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00273-00118146-00118377": "some of these things and stop worrying about the fact that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00274-00118377-00118634": "we're calling the shots or telling people what they should", "46mB9TJ30iy-00275-00118377-00118764": "new things, which you might not be comfortable or capable of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00276-00118634-00119060": "be doing and controlling and managing and micro reviewing", "46mB9TJ30iy-00277-00118764-00119091": "using, it's kind of the first expectation of a change", "46mB9TJ30iy-00278-00119060-00119526": "every decision that's being made and except that we can put in", "46mB9TJ30iy-00279-00119091-00119466": "management processes that there will be resistance. And if you", "46mB9TJ30iy-00280-00119466-00119955": "can't, as an organisation, explain and articulate the why", "46mB9TJ30iy-00281-00119526-00119949": "place good systems that delegate leadership and responsibility", "46mB9TJ30iy-00282-00119958-00120297": "we need to do this as an institution to move from point A", "46mB9TJ30iy-00283-00120000-00120432": "closer to the people who are directly doing the work. And you", "46mB9TJ30iy-00284-00120297-00120678": "to point C, and you can't get people on board, you're going to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00285-00120432-00120690": "trust that people will do the right thing provide you with the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00286-00120678-00121167": "see that kind of resistance and pushback about all the things", "46mB9TJ30iy-00287-00120690-00121131": "right tools. And then with good systems, you're collecting", "46mB9TJ30iy-00288-00121131-00121535": "information that allows you to see patterns, which might not be", "46mB9TJ30iy-00289-00121167-00121590": "that would make it possible as an institution to move forward", "46mB9TJ30iy-00290-00121542-00121854": "good outcomes and then concentrate on helping people", "46mB9TJ30iy-00291-00121590-00121713": "in this new environment.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00292-00121854-00121950": "would trace those.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00293-00122043-00122517": "So I think that the whole change resistance narrative, it's", "46mB9TJ30iy-00294-00122517-00122711": "really depressing, actually going into the leadership", "46mB9TJ30iy-00295-00122711-00123033": "literature and education and seeing so many people writing", "46mB9TJ30iy-00296-00123033-00123509": "about essentially strategies that create false agendas. So", "46mB9TJ30iy-00297-00123509-00123765": "creating a narrative of a crisis, well, we don't have to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00298-00123765-00124254": "create one, we've got one at the moment. But all too often people", "46mB9TJ30iy-00299-00124257-00124722": "create or put themselves in a situation where they can as a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00300-00124722-00124958": "leader say, oh, 'It's not my fault. It's the money, we don't", "46mB9TJ30iy-00301-00124958-00125157": "have enough money.' Therefore, it's very sad, but we're not -", "46mB9TJ30iy-00302-00125196-00125834": "they're not prepared to engage even without that crouch to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00303-00125834-00126144": "basically open up to the people that they're working with and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00304-00126144-00126489": "have an open conversation about the things that can be done and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00305-00126489-00126699": "help people co-discover solutions for them.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00306-00126777-00127083": "And it's been interesting with the project I'm leading at the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00307-00127083-00127413": "moment to redo our learning management system. We started 18", "46mB9TJ30iy-00308-00127413-00127709": "months ago going around the university running workshops", "46mB9TJ30iy-00309-00127709-00127905": "with people. We said, 'Don't worry about what technology we", "46mB9TJ30iy-00310-00127905-00128133": "buy, just tell us what you'd like to do.' And that was", "46mB9TJ30iy-00311-00128133-00128445": "students, academics, professional staff in different", "46mB9TJ30iy-00312-00128445-00128763": "places, managers at different levels. And we just tried to get", "46mB9TJ30iy-00313-00128763-00129069": "them to think about what it is we could do, particularly with", "46mB9TJ30iy-00314-00129069-00129393": "the experience of the pandemic coloring the view of the world", "46mB9TJ30iy-00315-00129393-00129942": "and giving it some spice, but really being very open to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00316-00129942-00130182": "hearing from other people what it is that they'd like to see", "46mB9TJ30iy-00317-00130182-00130575": "happen. And we developed the project, a set of requirements", "46mB9TJ30iy-00318-00130575-00130965": "and a plan and an agenda for an acting that plan with those", "46mB9TJ30iy-00319-00130965-00131088": "people in a co-developed way.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00320-00131181-00131406": "The people that we're getting pushback from are senior leaders", "46mB9TJ30iy-00321-00131406-00131718": "who don't feel that they were in control of that. And that to me", "46mB9TJ30iy-00322-00131718-00132174": "is a cultural problem. And I think we are at risk - I see", "46mB9TJ30iy-00323-00132174-00132615": "this withTe Pūkenga where rather than let things work through", "46mB9TJ30iy-00324-00132615-00132915": "with the polytechnic sector, the minister has taken all of the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00325-00132915-00133266": "things into the middle and imposed something and is now", "46mB9TJ30iy-00326-00133266-00133545": "trying to work out how to make that work. I think there's some", "46mB9TJ30iy-00327-00133545-00134115": "real challenges in how we enact change. And some of our models", "46mB9TJ30iy-00328-00134115-00134244": "are not helping us in that space.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00329-00134350-00134713": "Claire Amos: Do you think we've got a challenge as well, where I", "46mB9TJ30iy-00330-00134713-00135214": "think because we've been in slight sort of crisis mode, that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00331-00135214-00135568": "there's been a focus a bit of a focus on what we can do to get", "46mB9TJ30iy-00332-00135568-00135925": "by at the moment before we return to some sort of norm,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00333-00135958-00136444": "rather than saying, let's be excited about what we're", "46mB9TJ30iy-00334-00136444-00136678": "learning at the moment as a foundation of where we want to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00335-00136678-00136921": "go. Like I don't know about you, but I feel like we've lost all", "46mB9TJ30iy-00336-00136921-00137179": "of those futures thinkings conversations that we used to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00337-00137179-00137539": "have, like, I feel like five, six years ago used to be all of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00338-00137539-00137881": "this aspirational thinking about anytime, anywhere assessment,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00339-00137968-00138214": "you know, flexible learning inside and out of the school,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00340-00138214-00138457": "you don't need to be based in school to learn well, you know,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00341-00138460-00138760": "we've proven that you don't need to be in school to learn. But", "46mB9TJ30iy-00342-00138763-00139060": "actually, we're fixating on and it feels like the government is", "46mB9TJ30iy-00343-00139060-00139234": "fixated on getting kids back into school.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00344-00139234-00139654": "And you know that doesn't mean that I don't value having our", "46mB9TJ30iy-00345-00139654-00139942": "young people face to face. I absolutely do. Like I think the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00346-00139942-00140377": "wellbeing, their social connection is at the heart of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00347-00140377-00140755": "them feeling good about the community they're in and doing", "46mB9TJ30iy-00348-00140755-00141040": "really powerful learning. But I don't think they need to be in", "46mB9TJ30iy-00349-00141040-00141490": "school 100% of the time. Like I actually think that we've done", "46mB9TJ30iy-00350-00141490-00141814": "incredible learning over the last two years where we'd set up", "46mB9TJ30iy-00351-00141820-00142258": "a really nice clear structure, where we built flexibility into", "46mB9TJ30iy-00352-00142258-00142525": "the DNA of our teaching and learning: Monday and Tuesday", "46mB9TJ30iy-00353-00142525-00142945": "structured, more direct, more direct instruction, more", "46mB9TJ30iy-00354-00142966-00143320": "directed classes, were going on online, Thursday and Friday,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00355-00143320-00143599": "you're expected to get on with your learning, and your teacher", "46mB9TJ30iy-00356-00143599-00143920": "then was switched to coach mode and can support you and help you", "46mB9TJ30iy-00357-00143920-00144337": "out. You know, in my ideal world, we would have had", "46mB9TJ30iy-00358-00144340-00144775": "permission to come back into school and be encouraged to, in", "46mB9TJ30iy-00359-00144775-00145141": "essence, keep going with it. And yes, we could. And we have done", "46mB9TJ30iy-00360-00145141-00145417": "that. And we do have flexible learning days and rostered at", "46mB9TJ30iy-00361-00145417-00145810": "home days and all the rest of it. But it's seen as a mechanism", "46mB9TJ30iy-00362-00145876-00146140": "that we can do for now because it's how we're coping with", "46mB9TJ30iy-00363-00146140-00146593": "staffing and staffing shortages. It's not seen as well, we've", "46mB9TJ30iy-00364-00146593-00146914": "done you know, we've made some real headway and have some real", "46mB9TJ30iy-00365-00146914-00146983": "learnings.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00366-00147004-00147733": "We would like to now support our schools to amplify and sort of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00367-00147784-00148276": "use as a foundation for where to next and you know, and I know", "46mB9TJ30iy-00368-00148276-00148753": "that one of my dear colleagues Maurie Abraham is on the call", "46mB9TJ30iy-00369-00148753-00149131": "today and he's watching along and we've had these discussions", "46mB9TJ30iy-00370-00149131-00149554": "for years in terms of leaving to learn and creating school", "46mB9TJ30iy-00371-00149554-00150022": "campuses that are far more sort of flexible in terms of our", "46mB9TJ30iy-00372-00150022-00150520": "young people coming and going. And I haven't seen, I haven't", "46mB9TJ30iy-00373-00150520-00150994": "seen from a national level a sense of excitement of how we", "46mB9TJ30iy-00374-00150994-00151435": "could harness our learnings and how we could use that to move to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00375-00151435-00151849": "a more flexible tomorrow.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00376-00151860-00152115": "Like, actually, I look at what we're doing within NCEA and it", "46mB9TJ30iy-00377-00152115-00152514": "feels like a step backwards. It feels like a return to basic. I", "46mB9TJ30iy-00378-00152514-00152934": "hear narratives around concerns around literacy and numeracy,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00379-00152961-00153612": "and the subtext is a need to go back to basics. I see the stuff", "46mB9TJ30iy-00380-00153612-00153912": "that's happening of the review of the New Zealand Curriculum,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00381-00153933-00154218": "and there's a subtext that we need to go back to basics and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00382-00154218-00154497": "more structured, significant learning that makes sure we are", "46mB9TJ30iy-00383-00154497-00155028": "all learning the same things. And there is a determination to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00384-00155028-00155472": "look at young people who are hemorrhaging in terms of their", "46mB9TJ30iy-00385-00155472-00155784": "literacy and numeracy, and they're pinning that on the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00386-00155835-00156132": "potentially poor teaching and learning. And they've got their", "46mB9TJ30iy-00387-00156132-00156525": "head in the sand about the fact that it's poverty. It's about", "46mB9TJ30iy-00388-00156525-00157107": "disenfranchisement. It's about all sorts of social and health", "46mB9TJ30iy-00389-00157110-00157458": "and economic issues that these young people are finding", "46mB9TJ30iy-00390-00157458-00157755": "themselves in those positions. It doesn't mean that there isn't", "46mB9TJ30iy-00391-00157755-00158040": "always things we need to revisit and review and make sure that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00392-00158040-00158346": "people are learning the skills that they need to learn.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00393-00158400-00158847": "What I worry is that we've missed a very real opportunity", "46mB9TJ30iy-00394-00158874-00159426": "to have laid the foundations for an even more exciting future.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00395-00159444-00159777": "Rather than it being sort of oh shit, shit, we've done what we", "46mB9TJ30iy-00396-00159777-00159999": "can we've done what we can, quick get the kids back into", "46mB9TJ30iy-00397-00159999-00160230": "school, quick, let's make sure this structure and make sure", "46mB9TJ30iy-00398-00160230-00160689": "there's rigor. And, and we're not, we're not using this", "46mB9TJ30iy-00399-00160689-00160974": "opportunity in the way that we might as a system, I think some", "46mB9TJ30iy-00400-00160974-00161301": "of us are doing it anyway, I would count me and Maurie that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00401-00161304-00161550": "sort of camp, I think we just get on and we do what we think", "46mB9TJ30iy-00402-00161553-00161871": "is right for our young people. And we do as much as we can get", "46mB9TJ30iy-00403-00161871-00162240": "away with and still keep our community on board. But I don't", "46mB9TJ30iy-00404-00162240-00162594": "know if it's necessarily being supported and encouraged on the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00405-00162594-00162693": "systemic level.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00406-00162780-00163002": "Steve Leichtweis: I think from our perspective, I can speak", "46mB9TJ30iy-00407-00163002-00163593": "from Auckland's experience in the last two years. It's either", "46mB9TJ30iy-00408-00163593-00164019": "by - it's our good fortune or just dumb luck that our 10-year", "46mB9TJ30iy-00409-00164022-00164325": "learning and teaching and university vision came up for", "46mB9TJ30iy-00410-00164325-00164889": "renewal. So we have new senior leadership, a new VC, new top", "46mB9TJ30iy-00411-00164889-00165315": "level decision making group who undertook and have been", "46mB9TJ30iy-00412-00165315-00165849": "undertaking a review of who we are as an institution and how we", "46mB9TJ30iy-00413-00165849-00166155": "teach and how we deliver and how we research obviously, as well.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00414-00166251-00166626": "And that's all been informed by the experiences of the last two", "46mB9TJ30iy-00415-00166626-00167118": "years with the pandemic. And, you know, we're in a position", "46mB9TJ30iy-00416-00167118-00167388": "now where the recommendations are going out for consultation", "46mB9TJ30iy-00417-00167388-00167892": "to the wider university. And specifically things like less", "46mB9TJ30iy-00418-00167967-00168408": "direct instruction, if it can be recorded and made available for", "46mB9TJ30iy-00419-00168408-00168717": "students to engage with asynchronously however that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00420-00168717-00169074": "suits that's the way it should be done. If the students come on", "46mB9TJ30iy-00421-00169074-00169386": "to campus, it should be for the higher metacognitive kind of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00422-00169407-00169797": "learning opportunities, the application, the analysis, that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00423-00169797-00170268": "kind of top level stuff. And that is, you know, the attempt", "46mB9TJ30iy-00424-00170268-00170667": "there is to provide more flexible options for how", "46mB9TJ30iy-00425-00170667-00170979": "students engage with their learning because living in", "46mB9TJ30iy-00426-00170979-00171357": "Auckland is not a cheap experience for students, and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00427-00171357-00171720": "they are making strategic decisions on a daily basis of do", "46mB9TJ30iy-00428-00171720-00172134": "I work? Do I stay home to look after the family? Or do I go on", "46mB9TJ30iy-00429-00172134-00172572": "to campus and the price of getting on campus and staying on", "46mB9TJ30iy-00430-00172572-00173115": "campus for a couple of hours is a real cost. And if we're only", "46mB9TJ30iy-00431-00173115-00173430": "getting them in there to aggregate around a lecture", "46mB9TJ30iy-00432-00173430-00173718": "theatre where somebody talks about them, that's a complete", "46mB9TJ30iy-00433-00173718-00174114": "waste of time. Now, we're in a position now where we have a lot", "46mB9TJ30iy-00434-00174114-00174759": "of academics who grew up within that camp that solely campus", "46mB9TJ30iy-00435-00174759-00174894": "based experience.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00436-00174939-00175269": "And, you know, these recommendations go before the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00437-00175269-00175719": "university community and while I'm expecting that there will be", "46mB9TJ30iy-00438-00175719-00176298": "a lot of pushback because the resilience is wafer thin. The", "46mB9TJ30iy-00439-00176301-00177054": "change fatigue is is real, and many are just hoping that we can", "46mB9TJ30iy-00440-00177054-00177609": "return to normal [laughter] and like because, you know, you", "46mB9TJ30iy-00441-00177609-00178005": "know, you know teacher presents for a blended or online space is", "46mB9TJ30iy-00442-00178005-00178338": "a completely different set of skills than the teacher presents", "46mB9TJ30iy-00443-00178338-00178731": "required for face to face instruction, or teaching.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00444-00178730-00178962": "Stephen Marshall: I think it's also - I think there's a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00445-00178968-00179337": "complete complex problem of identity going on here as well.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00446-00179344-00179738": "And I'd say this would probably be true as much for teachers as", "46mB9TJ30iy-00447-00179744-00180132": "it is for academics, which is that we have a very, very strong", "46mB9TJ30iy-00448-00180139-00180514": "sense of what it is to be an academic. And each person has a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00449-00180520-00180871": "slightly different sense of that. I'm sure each teacher,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00450-00180877-00181278": "similarly, very strong sense of being a teacher and constructing", "46mB9TJ30iy-00451-00181284-00181653": "that identity in a particular way in terms of relationships", "46mB9TJ30iy-00452-00181659-00182035": "with other people. And I think part of the challenge we face", "46mB9TJ30iy-00453-00182041-00182398": "and helping people continue to keep up with the necessary", "46mB9TJ30iy-00454-00182404-00182780": "changes that we're going to be experiencing, is showing them", "46mB9TJ30iy-00455-00182786-00183155": "how they can strengthen their identity in new and important", "46mB9TJ30iy-00456-00183161-00183518": "ways and not lose the things that they really hold at the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00457-00183524-00183894": "heart as to why they're even here in the first place. And I", "46mB9TJ30iy-00458-00183900-00184288": "think it's a - we shouldn't be treating this as a conversation", "46mB9TJ30iy-00459-00184294-00184632": "about people being change resistant or about technical", "46mB9TJ30iy-00460-00184638-00185014": "skills. We need to recognise that we're a values driven part", "46mB9TJ30iy-00461-00185020-00185383": "of society. We exist to make the world a better place with", "46mB9TJ30iy-00462-00185389-00185771": "without any humility in that. And that strong passion for the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00463-00185778-00186128": "subjects we teach for the students we engage with that's", "46mB9TJ30iy-00464-00186134-00186516": "something that we have to try and sustain even as we look at,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00465-00186522-00186898": "well, do we really need to be worrying about those buildings", "46mB9TJ30iy-00466-00186904-00187305": "that we've used historically to create that dynamic? And I think", "46mB9TJ30iy-00467-00187311-00187693": "the real challenge there and was we experienced this a bit in", "46mB9TJ30iy-00468-00187699-00188087": "conversations on the university about returning to travel, and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00469-00188093-00188481": "there's a lot of angst about the the international conference,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00470-00188487-00188807": "for example, as a tool for helping new and emerging", "46mB9TJ30iy-00471-00188813-00189107": "academics develop their identity. And the model", "46mB9TJ30iy-00472-00189113-00189514": "historically has been you go to conferences, you meet peers, you", "46mB9TJ30iy-00473-00189520-00189871": "meet more experienced people, you build connections, you", "46mB9TJ30iy-00474-00189877-00190234": "develop your identity and your branding. And there's some", "46mB9TJ30iy-00475-00190240-00190597": "really challenging questions about how do we do that in a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00476-00190603-00190985": "world in which we don't do that physical travel quite as much", "46mB9TJ30iy-00477-00190991-00191379": "that we find other forums and other ways of engaging with each", "46mB9TJ30iy-00478-00191385-00191748": "other. And I've been telling people around our campus that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00479-00191754-00192117": "it's as basic as doing things like introducing your junior", "46mB9TJ30iy-00480-00192124-00192474": "colleagues or even their PhD students to how you use and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00481-00192480-00192812": "tools like Twitter and connecting them up with peers,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00482-00192818-00193138": "just to keep up with what's happening in the social", "46mB9TJ30iy-00483-00193144-00193494": "conversation in the scholarly area as much as the formal", "46mB9TJ30iy-00484-00193501-00193901": "published conversation. I think we have to get better at helping", "46mB9TJ30iy-00485-00193907-00194270": "people build their sense of belonging in a space, which is", "46mB9TJ30iy-00486-00194277-00194658": "which feels fragile and broken, and if we can't do that, I'll", "46mB9TJ30iy-00487-00194665-00194852": "respect the old fashioned way.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00488-00194854-00195166": "The other point I was going to make though is that, as well as", "46mB9TJ30iy-00489-00195166-00195454": "sort of selling that hope, and having a sense of how we try and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00490-00195454-00195868": "get there, I think one of the things that it's really", "46mB9TJ30iy-00491-00195868-00196168": "important for people in leadership roles to be thinking", "46mB9TJ30iy-00492-00196168-00196705": "about now is we believe the world will improve in terms of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00493-00196729-00196999": "our capacity to do the things we want to do, we're not constantly", "46mB9TJ30iy-00494-00196999-00197260": "going to be stuck in lockdown, we're not constantly going to be", "46mB9TJ30iy-00495-00197296-00197701": "challenged by financial constraints and other controls", "46mB9TJ30iy-00496-00197701-00197974": "that are disrupting our world. Sometime in the next two or", "46mB9TJ30iy-00497-00197974-00198268": "three years, I expect the world is going to be a better fun,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00498-00198286-00198661": "more fun place to be in and to do the work that we do. The", "46mB9TJ30iy-00499-00198661-00198859": "institutions and the organisations that do what", "46mB9TJ30iy-00500-00198862-00199177": "you're talking about, Steve, right now, in terms of building", "46mB9TJ30iy-00501-00199177-00199675": "the capacity to be actively present in that space, two or", "46mB9TJ30iy-00502-00199675-00199939": "three years from three years from now, are really going to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00503-00199939-00200365": "push through that and make great gains very rapidly. The", "46mB9TJ30iy-00504-00200365-00200650": "organisations that draw their head in and become very", "46mB9TJ30iy-00505-00200650-00201175": "defensive but don't try and do that work, that just try to get", "46mB9TJ30iy-00506-00201175-00201667": "by and and cope with the most expedient strategy are going to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00507-00201667-00202063": "find themselves quite broken and then have to discover how to do", "46mB9TJ30iy-00508-00202063-00202354": "things while everybody else is moving ahead beyond them.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00509-00202357-00202759": "So I think you mentioned the futurism conversations Claire, I", "46mB9TJ30iy-00510-00202759-00203092": "think right now is the time that we're talking about futures, but", "46mB9TJ30iy-00511-00203092-00203452": "also to do that in a smart way to be drawing on people like", "46mB9TJ30iy-00512-00203452-00203764": "Nicholas Taleb's concept of the black swan, which is that the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00513-00203764-00203983": "future is going to have things that are really going to throw", "46mB9TJ30iy-00514-00203983-00204310": "you for six - genuinely things that you just couldn't possibly", "46mB9TJ30iy-00515-00204316-00204805": "predict the pattern. But if you design your thinking, if you", "46mB9TJ30iy-00516-00204805-00205017": "think about the models of teaching or things that you want", "46mB9TJ30iy-00517-00205017-00205444": "people to achieve, without committing yourself to very", "46mB9TJ30iy-00518-00205444-00205846": "specific mechanisms and very specific ways of enacting", "46mB9TJ30iy-00519-00205846-00206257": "resolve to get that, I think you are then much more capable of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00520-00206257-00206554": "coping with an unpredicted future. When we're planning for", "46mB9TJ30iy-00521-00206554-00206892": "our new learning platform, we don't have a single model that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00522-00206892-00207262": "we're planning to enact. I have a capability that I want to give", "46mB9TJ30iy-00523-00207262-00207703": "our organisation that will play out in ten different ways.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00524-00207763-00208225": "Hopefully, one of those sustains itself to pay the bills, but I", "46mB9TJ30iy-00525-00208225-00208344": "don't know which one it's going to be.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00526-00208426-00208786": "Claire Amos: Yeah, I do think there's an opportunity for us to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00527-00208873-00209329": "make sure that we designe some optimism into these discussions", "46mB9TJ30iy-00528-00209329-00209614": "as well. Like I noticed the other day when I was talking to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00529-00209614-00210175": "my middle leaders so all my HODs and actually all of my staff at", "46mB9TJ30iy-00530-00210175-00210511": "sub briefing and I was talking about, you know why it is we", "46mB9TJ30iy-00531-00210511-00210802": "have to double down on our hybrid teaching and learning", "46mB9TJ30iy-00532-00210802-00211000": "strategies, you know that we need to make sure that we're", "46mB9TJ30iy-00533-00211000-00211354": "doing that really effectively. But also talking about the very", "46mB9TJ30iy-00534-00211354-00211855": "discrete structuring that we're doing to try and sort of ingrain", "46mB9TJ30iy-00535-00211855-00212371": "and embed behaviors that support students becoming more self", "46mB9TJ30iy-00536-00212371-00212742": "directed and to develop learning agency, i.e. designing for", "46mB9TJ30iy-00537-00212742-00213061": "students to be leading their own learning on a Thursday and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00538-00213061-00213586": "Friday. I kept highlighting that because this is the first step", "46mB9TJ30iy-00539-00213586-00213994": "of a really exciting, whole lot of other steps we can then take.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00540-00214030-00214429": "And I think that it's important that whilst we know, our", "46mB9TJ30iy-00541-00214561-00214966": "teachers and our educators and our academics are feeling", "46mB9TJ30iy-00542-00214969-00215641": "exhausted and are at the end of the the energy in terms of what", "46mB9TJ30iy-00543-00215641-00216073": "they can do, actually, optimism and excitement about where we", "46mB9TJ30iy-00544-00216073-00216409": "might go to beyond here can actually also be really re", "46mB9TJ30iy-00545-00216409-00217123": "energising. And I think we run the risk of getting caught in a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00546-00217123-00217534": "really sort of negative hole otherwise [laughter]. Look, I", "46mB9TJ30iy-00547-00217591-00217837": "actually think we're in a desperately exciting time within", "46mB9TJ30iy-00548-00217837-00218434": "our particular school. I am concerned though, that it isn't", "46mB9TJ30iy-00549-00218455-00218800": "system wide that that conversation isn't system wide,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00550-00218823-00219265": "that we aren't all getting a you know, we're so busy going oh my", "46mB9TJ30iy-00551-00219265-00219541": "god, getting through it all and feeling like we're being", "46mB9TJ30iy-00552-00219541-00219907": "hammered to do all sorts of administrative roles around", "46mB9TJ30iy-00553-00219946-00220405": "COVID and pandemic management that we've lost sight of the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00554-00220405-00221083": "importance of optimism and curiosity and where we might go", "46mB9TJ30iy-00555-00221086-00221182": "from here.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00556-00221100-00221529": "Kwong Nui Sim: Yeah, thank you so much, all three.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00557-00221532-00221673": "Claire Amos: Isn't that a nice caveat for having [inaudible;", "46mB9TJ30iy-00558-00221673-00222213": "laughter]. Nice, nice to where we are going? Sorry.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00559-00222180-00222503": "Steve Leichtweis: I was just gonna say. I was just gonna say", "46mB9TJ30iy-00560-00222511-00222950": "before we got to the second question [laughter] that, you", "46mB9TJ30iy-00561-00222957-00223427": "know, I think all three of us probably have a really positive", "46mB9TJ30iy-00562-00223435-00223882": "view of where this could all go, whether it's secondary or", "46mB9TJ30iy-00563-00223890-00224275": "tertiary. And my fear, my personal fear, within my", "46mB9TJ30iy-00564-00224282-00224760": "institution, I guess this might be similar for others in their", "46mB9TJ30iy-00565-00224768-00225191": "various places is that in our drive to get to this more", "46mB9TJ30iy-00566-00225199-00225684": "student centric, flexible space, we forget the first thing that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00567-00225692-00226131": "is being staff centric and providing all of the resources", "46mB9TJ30iy-00568-00226139-00226593": "and capacities and support so that the staff themselves can", "46mB9TJ30iy-00569-00226601-00227079": "help get us to that place that shiny better place that we want", "46mB9TJ30iy-00570-00227086-00227133": "to be.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00571-00227187-00227415": "Kwong Nui Sim: Yeah, thank you, Steve, that actually leads into", "46mB9TJ30iy-00572-00227415-00227685": "the second question quite nicely. And thank you for", "46mB9TJ30iy-00573-00227688-00228048": "unpacking the challenges in such a detailed manner, and I'm sure", "46mB9TJ30iy-00574-00228048-00228537": "the list goes on. And especially if I may some of the challenges", "46mB9TJ30iy-00575-00228546-00229169": "actually existed before COVID, but the COVID and large size of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00576-00229169-00229788": "the challenges to today's situation. So quite a few - all", "46mB9TJ30iy-00577-00229788-00230250": "of you have touched on about moving forward and the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00578-00230253-00230826": "challenges of wellbeing, support to enact the change, and so on,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00579-00230826-00231231": "so forth. So what do you think could be or should be done", "46mB9TJ30iy-00580-00231234-00231759": "better to support our students and staff and whānau?", "46mB9TJ30iy-00581-00231700-00232465": "Claire Amos: I actually think we need to do some really boring", "46mB9TJ30iy-00582-00232225-00235744": "And then I would pour massive amounts of resources in to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00583-00232481-00233419": "pragmatic things like I, if I was the Minister of Education,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00584-00233435-00234435": "and I was hitting into this next budget, I would just get rid of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00585-00234451-00235248": "the discussion around the provision of internet and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00586-00235264-00236248": "devices. And because that can be solved with money for the most", "46mB9TJ30iy-00587-00235848-00236476": "supporting our teachers and upskilling them because", "46mB9TJ30iy-00588-00236264-00237202": "part. I know we've got some rural properties, and we do have", "46mB9TJ30iy-00589-00236530-00240682": "actually, you can't get to the really interesting discussions", "46mB9TJ30iy-00590-00237218-00238140": "some challenges with our grid and, and reach in some areas,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00591-00238156-00239047": "but universal basic WiFi being like water, like you know,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00592-00239062-00239969": "power, like something that everyone has access to. I would", "46mB9TJ30iy-00593-00239985-00240876": "also make sure that there are resources for - we have the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00594-00240682-00241180": "until we've all reached a base level of digital literacy and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00595-00240891-00241861": "healthy lunches program in the Ministry of Education where are", "46mB9TJ30iy-00596-00241180-00241477": "learning design competency. I actually think we've forgot the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00597-00241477-00241846": "learning design competency part of it. I think we focus very", "46mB9TJ30iy-00598-00241846-00242212": "much on the technical skills and that is part of learning design", "46mB9TJ30iy-00599-00241876-00242783": "communities that need it have been given resources to work", "46mB9TJ30iy-00600-00242212-00242575": "competency, but I talk to teachers day in and day out and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00601-00242575-00242905": "often discover that they don't actually really understand what", "46mB9TJ30iy-00602-00242798-00243783": "with their community partners to resolve the poverty and hunger", "46mB9TJ30iy-00603-00242905-00243271": "it is to be a learning and assessment designer because if", "46mB9TJ30iy-00604-00243271-00243694": "you want to have co-constructed creative learning programs that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00605-00243694-00244021": "are really relevant and exciting for our young people, and you", "46mB9TJ30iy-00606-00243799-00244690": "issue so that they can work with partners to provide free", "46mB9TJ30iy-00607-00244021-00244453": "want to design genuinely responsive assessment processes", "46mB9TJ30iy-00608-00244486-00244939": "and design assessment processes that really do reflect the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00609-00244706-00245691": "lunches. I would love to see the equivalent of that for devices", "46mB9TJ30iy-00610-00244954-00245263": "curriculum and the levels of the curriculum and an understanding", "46mB9TJ30iy-00611-00245263-00245596": "of what it is they're actually assessing, there's a whole lot", "46mB9TJ30iy-00612-00245596-00246088": "of learning design literacy that goes into that. And so I would", "46mB9TJ30iy-00613-00245706-00246613": "in schools and where it is needed. They're just being very", "46mB9TJ30iy-00614-00246088-00246601": "be pouring a shitload of time and resources and giving staff", "46mB9TJ30iy-00615-00246625-00246982": "embedded time. Like I know, in other countries, they have, you", "46mB9TJ30iy-00616-00246629-00247598": "real targeted funding to make sure schools can work with their", "46mB9TJ30iy-00617-00246982-00247381": "know, far more noncontact time built in because you realise", "46mB9TJ30iy-00618-00247381-00247639": "that the best professional development is often done in", "46mB9TJ30iy-00619-00247613-00248583": "communities to find a solution that's appropriate for them and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00620-00247639-00248094": "house, we just need more flexibility around noncontact", "46mB9TJ30iy-00621-00248094-00248394": "time of teachers and how we can upskill them and support them", "46mB9TJ30iy-00622-00248419-00248544": "within their own thing.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00623-00248544-00248860": "So I would do those three things: Let's sort of solve the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00624-00248598-00249552": "their context. Not a one size fits all, not rolling out iPads", "46mB9TJ30iy-00625-00248860-00249171": "WiFi issue, let's solve the device issue, and let's put a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00626-00249171-00249640": "shitload of resourcing and to giving people time and potential", "46mB9TJ30iy-00627-00249567-00250396": "or Chromebooks to the entire country. Let's make it a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00628-00249640-00250081": "resources and access to the right facilitators to really", "46mB9TJ30iy-00629-00250081-00250375": "upskill people and get them to do it quickly. I know from", "46mB9TJ30iy-00630-00250378-00250792": "leading ICT PD contracts years ago, if you have a plan, and you", "46mB9TJ30iy-00631-00250412-00251053": "community and partnership based solution.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00632-00250792-00251053": "have the resources, you can shift people quickly.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00633-00251000-00251480": "Steve Leichtweis: [multiple speakers] That is the same for", "46mB9TJ30iy-00634-00251480-00251537": "tertiary.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00635-00251500-00251946": "Stephen Marshall: I'd argue that one of our biggest problems is", "46mB9TJ30iy-00636-00251946-00252342": "that with - New Zealand sort of very neoliberal country, it's in", "46mB9TJ30iy-00637-00252342-00252664": "its DNA of thinking about how the world operates, the market", "46mB9TJ30iy-00638-00252667-00253060": "has tanked. And we've allowed a market model of what it is that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00639-00253060-00253411": "education should be doing to pervade us to the point where we", "46mB9TJ30iy-00640-00253411-00253894": "don't even realise that we're using market language and models", "46mB9TJ30iy-00641-00253896-00254338": "to frame up the problems that we have. I'd love to see the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00642-00254338-00254721": "entirety of the education system in New Zealand, treated as a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00643-00254721-00255037": "public infrastructure. Now, that's that's a problem because,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00644-00255037-00255286": "frankly, particularly in Wellington, our water and our", "46mB9TJ30iy-00645-00255286-00255703": "sewerage not so hot these days. But I think there's a concept", "46mB9TJ30iy-00646-00255703-00255723": "there.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00647-00255723-00256267": "And if you thought about our place as a social institution", "46mB9TJ30iy-00648-00256309-00256630": "and thought about our collective responsibility as a country to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00649-00256630-00257035": "enact that infrastructure well, then we look at a funding model", "46mB9TJ30iy-00650-00257035-00257416": "that's about the needs and the scale of the populations that we", "46mB9TJ30iy-00651-00257416-00257983": "have, not just the employers, and that isn't based on how many", "46mB9TJ30iy-00652-00257983-00258379": "students I can get, this is how many students you can get. It's", "46mB9TJ30iy-00653-00258379-00258805": "based on this population needs this level of education and fund", "46mB9TJ30iy-00654-00258823-00259189": "to that level of education to the standard that we want to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00655-00259189-00259542": "achieve for the country. And decouple ourselves from these", "46mB9TJ30iy-00656-00259542-00259746": "market models. Because right now, what's happening in the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00657-00259746-00260113": "university system is that we have a government who's managing", "46mB9TJ30iy-00658-00260113-00260548": "the pricing model to try and deal with the debt issues.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00659-00260626-00260887": "They've given most of the money to the students as living costs", "46mB9TJ30iy-00660-00260887-00261160": "because they're aware of the cost of living issues. But we're", "46mB9TJ30iy-00661-00261160-00261573": "being eroded in terms of the resources that we have available", "46mB9TJ30iy-00662-00261573-00261907": "inside the university to work with them. And so our teachers", "46mB9TJ30iy-00663-00261988-00262279": "find themselves with larger and larger teaching loads, larger", "46mB9TJ30iy-00664-00262279-00262723": "and larger classes, more and more pressure to work with", "46mB9TJ30iy-00665-00262723-00263140": "students without the supporting resources to enable those people", "46mB9TJ30iy-00666-00263140-00263608": "to be well prepared and well enabled to succeed. And that's", "46mB9TJ30iy-00667-00263608-00263953": "degrading the nature of the experience that people are able", "46mB9TJ30iy-00668-00263953-00264013": "to achieve.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00669-00264061-00264310": "And referring to the conversation I made earlier, the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00670-00264310-00264688": "passion and the commitment about individuals means that's part of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00671-00264688-00264973": "the problem. They are trying desperately to make this work so", "46mB9TJ30iy-00672-00264973-00265318": "that they deliver an educational outcome for the people that they", "46mB9TJ30iy-00673-00265318-00265639": "have in their classes to the extent that they believe should", "46mB9TJ30iy-00674-00265639-00266029": "be achieved. And yet, we're not enabling them to do that because", "46mB9TJ30iy-00675-00266029-00266407": "the the entire funding model, the entire management of the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00676-00266407-00266884": "system, is set up to just edge away at that year after year", "46mB9TJ30iy-00677-00266884-00266938": "after year.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00678-00267025-00267283": "And at some point, if you overreach and then it just", "46mB9TJ30iy-00679-00267283-00267529": "collapses away, and you suddenly realise that for the last five", "46mB9TJ30iy-00680-00267529-00267784": "years, we literally haven't been able to do anything, we just", "46mB9TJ30iy-00681-00267817-00268201": "deluded ourselves. And I really do think there's some risks that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00682-00268201-00268546": "we're getting close to that point. Not only in New Zealand,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00683-00268546-00268963": "I would say that this unsustainable vision of what it", "46mB9TJ30iy-00684-00268963-00269521": "is that education does is true in many countries that have", "46mB9TJ30iy-00685-00269521-00269788": "thought of themselves as having very good education systems and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00686-00269788-00269914": "are discovering that maybe they don't and...", "46mB9TJ30iy-00687-00270080-00270227": "Steve Leichtweis: and, of course, what did we do at the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00688-00270227-00270464": "start of the pandemic? Most tertiaries turned around and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00689-00270464-00270923": "said, 'Hey, we're going to take a hit to our budget, our income,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00690-00270923-00271265": "so we're going to set up a voluntary leave scheme, and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00691-00271265-00271499": "we're gonna get people to retire,' which of course, then", "46mB9TJ30iy-00692-00271499-00271754": "they didn't fill those positions, which is a, you know,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00693-00271754-00272081": "a vicious cycle that we've just set up where that heightened", "46mB9TJ30iy-00694-00272081-00272483": "expectation and workload on staff is only magnified by the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00695-00272483-00272690": "fact that they're now potentially doing one and a half", "46mB9TJ30iy-00696-00272708-00272849": "jobs, and ...", "46mB9TJ30iy-00697-00272849-00273161": "Stephen Marshall: ... then we lost the tutors, we lost a lot", "46mB9TJ30iy-00698-00273161-00273392": "of professional staff because those tended to be the people", "46mB9TJ30iy-00699-00273392-00273803": "who left rather than people in permanent academic roles. So", "46mB9TJ30iy-00700-00273803-00274268": "that there isn't that team enabling teaching to take place", "46mB9TJ30iy-00701-00274268-00274526": "to make the organisation successful, and we're", "46mB9TJ30iy-00702-00274526-00274835": "essentially having to rebuild those things. And then those are", "46mB9TJ30iy-00703-00274835-00275096": "a consequence of a broken funding model. They're a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00704-00275096-00275519": "consequence of a broken regulatory model in the way that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00705-00275519-00275963": "the TEC in the M are thinking about the tertiary system is", "46mB9TJ30iy-00706-00275963-00276212": "that they're losing sight of that necessity.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00707-00276956-00277421": "Kwong Nui Sim: Anything to add, Steve or Claire before the final", "46mB9TJ30iy-00708-00277421-00277754": "question maybe [chuckle] just looking at the time [laughter].", "46mB9TJ30iy-00709-00277700-00278207": "Claire Amos: I wonder if we are actually getting anywhere close?", "46mB9TJ30iy-00710-00278225-00279005": "Kwong Nui Sim: Yeah. The last one is just, I suppose. Yes,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00711-00279020-00279533": "global pandemic is a crisis, but I wonder if you have seen any", "46mB9TJ30iy-00712-00279536-00279953": "silver lining in terms of innovation that we can progress", "46mB9TJ30iy-00713-00280022-00280505": "from the current situation onwards? Or what sort of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00714-00280508-00281006": "economic innovation that you think could be, could we have", "46mB9TJ30iy-00715-00281090-00281306": "within the flexible learning aspect?", "46mB9TJ30iy-00716-00281330-00281678": "Claire Amos: I think the silver lining is the voice that's been", "46mB9TJ30iy-00717-00281678-00282146": "gathered from students about how much they relish the actual", "46mB9TJ30iy-00718-00282146-00282518": "flexibility of what went on over the last two years. So we've", "46mB9TJ30iy-00719-00282518-00282899": "actually got a shitload of evidence that backs up hunches", "46mB9TJ30iy-00720-00282899-00283322": "we always had about students wanting to have more choice over", "46mB9TJ30iy-00721-00283322-00283595": "how they use their time, how much ownership they have of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00722-00283595-00284087": "their learning. I think the risk that we run is not listening to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00723-00284087-00284486": "the voices, that we, we don't actually take that and learn", "46mB9TJ30iy-00724-00284486-00284828": "from it, and instead, we listen to some other voices over here", "46mB9TJ30iy-00725-00284828-00285278": "that are worried about a loss of rigor and standards, and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00726-00285278-00285674": "actually, we disregard the voices of our young people who", "46mB9TJ30iy-00727-00285674-00286031": "have, I think, been really loud and clear about what they have", "46mB9TJ30iy-00728-00286031-00286238": "enjoyed. But there's other things I haven't enjoyed. They", "46mB9TJ30iy-00729-00286238-00286424": "didn't like having to be at home, they want to be able to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00730-00286424-00286736": "have social connection, and come in and all do all of that. But", "46mB9TJ30iy-00731-00286736-00286985": "it doesn't have to be one thing or the other. We can have social", "46mB9TJ30iy-00732-00286985-00287324": "connection, we can have these physical bricks and mortar", "46mB9TJ30iy-00733-00287324-00288086": "communities that are thriving. But we can also set up protocols", "46mB9TJ30iy-00734-00288086-00288452": "and processes and mechanisms whereby we can encourage greater", "46mB9TJ30iy-00735-00288452-00288797": "flexibility and student choice about what they learn and where", "46mB9TJ30iy-00736-00288797-00289052": "they learn and the timelines by which they learn.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00737-00289070-00289415": "It's bonkers, that we're going back to a far more structured,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00738-00289421-00289811": "in terms of timeline NCEA, for instance, at a time when we", "46mB9TJ30iy-00739-00289811-00290363": "should be double downing on fixable assessment practices. It", "46mB9TJ30iy-00740-00290363-00290642": "was only five years ago, six years ago that we used to be at", "46mB9TJ30iy-00741-00290642-00291017": "national conferences and had really exciting talks from the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00742-00291017-00291377": "then head Chair of the NCQA that used to talk often about", "46mB9TJ30iy-00743-00291377-00291743": "anywhere, anytime assessment and secondary education. Now should", "46mB9TJ30iy-00744-00291743-00292064": "be the time we we're going back to those conversations and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00745-00292064-00292496": "saying, we've learned kids love flexibility. We learned that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00746-00292496-00292880": "they love being face to face with their teachers, but that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00747-00292880-00293132": "doesn't need to come at the expense of the flexibility that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00748-00293132-00293396": "we discovered was really powerful over lockdowns.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00749-00293300-00294293": "Steve Leichtweis: I'd say that student centric desire is", "46mB9TJ30iy-00750-00294293-00294692": "certainly well and truly ensconced at Auckland. That's", "46mB9TJ30iy-00751-00294692-00295061": "the that's the target that we're aiming for. The process to which", "46mB9TJ30iy-00752-00295061-00295553": "we get there or how we get there is yet to be decided. And what", "46mB9TJ30iy-00753-00295556-00295931": "does flexible or student centric look like for a University of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00754-00295931-00296324": "Auckland student? I'm not quite sure. Ask me this question in a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00755-00296324-00296675": "year's time and I'll tell you how we we've gone with, with", "46mB9TJ30iy-00756-00296675-00297041": "this consultation of our new learning and teaching vision and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00757-00297047-00297242": "education vision for the university.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00758-00297362-00297632": "We will probably still have plenty of students who want to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00759-00297632-00297893": "come to the University of Auckland, and they will probably", "46mB9TJ30iy-00760-00297893-00298385": "still be entirely successful, despite possibly the best or", "46mB9TJ30iy-00761-00298385-00298787": "worst efforts of some of our academic staff who will also", "46mB9TJ30iy-00762-00298787-00299303": "have as part of their their workload, a major expectation", "46mB9TJ30iy-00763-00299303-00299711": "around research and I you know, I have to be completely mindful", "46mB9TJ30iy-00764-00299711-00300062": "that some people come to this university to work because of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00765-00300062-00300506": "the affordances that it provides to their particular research", "46mB9TJ30iy-00766-00300506-00300914": "agenda ot that focus and that teaching is very much a side", "46mB9TJ30iy-00767-00300914-00301595": "project for them. And but, you know, I'm really hopeful that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00768-00301631-00302039": "the conversation that has been opened up by the awareness and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00769-00302039-00302441": "the risk that the pandemic has signaled to us as a university,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00770-00302489-00302933": "is going to change the way that we work with students. And that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00771-00302933-00303374": "will be far less of a campus only based learning experience,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00772-00303401-00303833": "and far more of a flexible and blended style of engagement.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00773-00303950-00304124": "Stephen Marshall: I think one of the things that's come out of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00774-00304124-00304472": "this is that I'm hoping for an elevated level of discussion now", "46mB9TJ30iy-00775-00304472-00304793": "as we try and continue to draw on some of the things that we've", "46mB9TJ30iy-00776-00304793-00305078": "experienced over the last couple of years. Historically, I've had", "46mB9TJ30iy-00777-00305078-00305243": "a number of conversations with people saying, well, that", "46mB9TJ30iy-00778-00305243-00305525": "possibly couldn't work that's just it's science fiction, what", "46mB9TJ30iy-00779-00305525-00305738": "you're talking about. Well, funnily enough, I've experienced", "46mB9TJ30iy-00780-00305738-00305948": "something that they said couldn't happen in the last", "46mB9TJ30iy-00781-00305948-00306266": "couple of years and that has basically worked. So I'm hoping", "46mB9TJ30iy-00782-00306266-00306731": "that that will will help us have better conversations about our", "46mB9TJ30iy-00783-00306731-00307004": "potential, in fact, to do greater things, and for people", "46mB9TJ30iy-00784-00307004-00307211": "will be more confident that we can do those things.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00785-00307263-00307881": "But I also think we've learned how important it is that we pay", "46mB9TJ30iy-00786-00307881-00308286": "attention to the whole thing that we pay attention to all of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00787-00308286-00308640": "our students and to all of our staff. And we think about the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00788-00308640-00309051": "collective relationships we have across that system. The last", "46mB9TJ30iy-00789-00309051-00309375": "couple of years have made it very hard for people to hide", "46mB9TJ30iy-00790-00309375-00309807": "away in a physical classroom and not have to worry about what", "46mB9TJ30iy-00791-00309807-00310050": "anyone else is doing in their classroom. Things have become", "46mB9TJ30iy-00792-00310050-00310350": "much more connected and much more visible and much more", "46mB9TJ30iy-00793-00310350-00310770": "consequential in a larger scale. And I think that's an important", "46mB9TJ30iy-00794-00310845-00311283": "thing to lean into and to experience for a while. And I'm", "46mB9TJ30iy-00795-00311283-00311451": "hoping that that will continue to happen.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00796-00311589-00311967": "I think it's also made - it's actually really important to pay", "46mB9TJ30iy-00797-00311967-00312312": "attention to the fact that we should celebrate some great", "46mB9TJ30iy-00798-00312312-00312747": "successes. I have no clue how we would have been able to do what", "46mB9TJ30iy-00799-00312747-00313017": "we've been able to do in the last couple of years, even five", "46mB9TJ30iy-00800-00313017-00313464": "years ago. Five years ago, we didn't have large scale video", "46mB9TJ30iy-00801-00313479-00313908": "platforms in order to manage the lectures. Yes, there's a little", "46mB9TJ30iy-00802-00313908-00314091": "bit of stuff around the edges, but there's no way in hell I", "46mB9TJ30iy-00803-00314091-00314457": "could have coped with the scale of demand. We didn't have Zoom,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00804-00314481-00314829": "we didn't have the debate, we had Skype. Does anyone remember", "46mB9TJ30iy-00805-00314829-00315264": "how bad Skype is? Imagine doing a class with 400 students", "46mB9TJ30iy-00806-00315264-00315696": "attending a lecture in Skype: wasn't going to happen. So we've", "46mB9TJ30iy-00807-00315696-00316161": "been incredibly fortunate that - even the Rugby World Cup. And as", "46mB9TJ30iy-00808-00316161-00316485": "much as I know that there are problems with the bandwidth for", "46mB9TJ30iy-00809-00316485-00317031": "some of our schools, many of the cities have coped with a massive", "46mB9TJ30iy-00810-00317031-00317292": "deployment of people back into their home and working, using", "46mB9TJ30iy-00811-00317334-00317691": "video conferencing and other tools because the infrastructure", "46mB9TJ30iy-00812-00317691-00318093": "was present and capable of serving that need. That was the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00813-00318093-00318330": "Rugby World Cup that created that infrastructure.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00814-00318378-00318924": "So some of these things, we do need to be able to acknowledge", "46mB9TJ30iy-00815-00318924-00319116": "we've done them well, we've done them better than we could have", "46mB9TJ30iy-00816-00319116-00319620": "possibly expected. We were able to sustain some forward momentum", "46mB9TJ30iy-00817-00319620-00319821": "for many of our courses and programmes, even for our", "46mB9TJ30iy-00818-00319821-00320190": "students overseas that couldn't come to us and country. So I", "46mB9TJ30iy-00819-00320190-00320556": "think we need to get better at celebrating those if we want", "46mB9TJ30iy-00820-00320556-00320934": "people recognise the value in them and continue to reflect on", "46mB9TJ30iy-00821-00320934-00321333": "them moving forward. So that's that's the other key message, I", "46mB9TJ30iy-00822-00321333-00321354": "guess.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00823-00321471-00321801": "Claire Amos: I would also love to know how we can re-stoke", "46mB9TJ30iy-00824-00321918-00322290": "teachers excitement around futures thinking as well because", "46mB9TJ30iy-00825-00322320-00322635": "I do feel like you know, I understand we've been absorbed", "46mB9TJ30iy-00826-00322635-00323013": "by dealing with what we're doing and in essence, realising a lot", "46mB9TJ30iy-00827-00323013-00323313": "of those things we talked about at past futures thinking", "46mB9TJ30iy-00828-00323316-00323778": "conferences. But I do think there's an opportunity for us to", "46mB9TJ30iy-00829-00323802-00324279": "to reignite those discussions and hopefully reconnect, talking", "46mB9TJ30iy-00830-00324282-00324738": "and getting excited about where this all could go and should go.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00831-00324954-00325341": "Steve Leichtweis: On a highly transactional kind of way of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00832-00325341-00325626": "thinking, I think the only thing that would excite a lot of the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00833-00325626-00325989": "staff that I work with right now is if I came to them with a tool", "46mB9TJ30iy-00834-00325989-00326385": "that reduced their workload by about half. That would be an", "46mB9TJ30iy-00835-00326385-00326718": "exciting conversation, but I'm not sure what that tool is yet.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00836-00326817-00327024": "Stephen Marshall: General purpose AI. It's not that far", "46mB9TJ30iy-00837-00327024-00327057": "away [laughter].", "46mB9TJ30iy-00838-00327327-00327576": "Kwong Nui Sim: Great. Thank you all three speakers, Claire,", "46mB9TJ30iy-00839-00327576-00327888": "Steve, and Stephen, very, very good insights, as you can see", "46mB9TJ30iy-00840-00327897-00328470": "lots of positive comments in the chat box. And so last one", "46mB9TJ30iy-00841-00328470-00329007": "minute, maybe, any question or thoughts from the audience?", "46mB9TJ30iy-00842-00329235-00329307": "Anyone?", "46mB9TJ30iy-00843-00329300-00329825": "Stephen Marshall: There is a question in the chat about how I", "46mB9TJ30iy-00844-00329825-00330200": "feel about the new tertiary education strategy objectives.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00845-00330380-00330782": "Yeah, by the way, I just want to preface this by this is me as an", "46mB9TJ30iy-00846-00330782-00331100": "academic speaking and not my university. Just because I'm", "46mB9TJ30iy-00847-00331106-00331346": "pretty confident that my university's senior leadership", "46mB9TJ30iy-00848-00331346-00331604": "team would want to express things differently. I think the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00849-00331604-00331847": "current tertiary education strategy objectives are", "46mB9TJ30iy-00850-00331853-00332294": "dreadful. I think they are lacking in ambition. I think", "46mB9TJ30iy-00851-00332294-00332630": "they lack an awareness of the rich complexity and future", "46mB9TJ30iy-00852-00332630-00333038": "potential of the tertiary system. I think they are", "46mB9TJ30iy-00853-00333065-00333521": "neo-liberally defined in ways that are performative and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00854-00333521-00334136": "regulatory rather than ambitious and setting in place an agenda", "46mB9TJ30iy-00855-00334136-00334562": "for a powerful tertiary system really driving success for New", "46mB9TJ30iy-00856-00334562-00334958": "Zealanders. I think it was a dreadful job. And it just", "46mB9TJ30iy-00857-00334958-00335402": "continues, unfortunately, a succession of incredibly badly", "46mB9TJ30iy-00858-00335402-00335822": "framed tertiary strategies. I think the school system, as", "46mB9TJ30iy-00859-00335822-00336182": "somebody not in that system, at least has seen evidence of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00860-00336182-00336572": "ambition for great improvements in that system, but occasionally", "46mB9TJ30iy-00861-00336572-00337058": "in the language. I'm afraid to show the tertiary ones - I gave", "46mB9TJ30iy-00862-00337058-00337388": "this feedback when the Ministry came calling a while back about", "46mB9TJ30iy-00863-00337388-00337760": "this. I am not inspired by that strategy.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00864-00337907-00338402": "Kwong Nui Sim: Cool. Any last piece of words of wisdom, Claire", "46mB9TJ30iy-00865-00338402-00338660": "or Steve, before we close the webinar?", "46mB9TJ30iy-00866-00338879-00339083": "Steve Leichtweis: I think we've covered everything except the", "46mB9TJ30iy-00867-00339083-00339296": "other a couple of questions that we never got to.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00868-00339314-00339635": "Kwong Nui Sim: Oh, is it privately message to you because", "46mB9TJ30iy-00869-00339635-00339935": "I didn't get any here? Oh, must be.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00870-00340025-00340211": "Stephen Marshall: In the original email. There is still a", "46mB9TJ30iy-00871-00340211-00340817": "place for face-to-face. I think and I absolutely. We just have", "46mB9TJ30iy-00872-00340817-00341210": "to maximise the impact of it and do the things that we do well", "46mB9TJ30iy-00873-00341213-00341615": "face-to-face, and not waste that because it's an incredibly", "46mB9TJ30iy-00874-00341615-00342137": "expensive business thing to do. But if it's necessary, and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00875-00342137-00342392": "that's you do the necessary things, you don't hide them.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00876-00342300-00342708": "Claire Amos: And if anyone happens to be an architect of", "46mB9TJ30iy-00877-00342708-00343062": "the upcoming budget and is in a position to make sure we get", "46mB9TJ30iy-00878-00343062-00343521": "universal, basic WiFi, devices for all students, and a whole", "46mB9TJ30iy-00879-00343521-00343836": "lot of resourcing for our staffing that'd be awesome.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00880-00343836-00344295": "Thank you. [laughter]", "46mB9TJ30iy-00881-00344526-00344718": "Kwong Nui Sim: Thank you, Claire, thank you, Steve, and", "46mB9TJ30iy-00882-00344718-00345156": "thank you, Stephen, and for your time and your insights, very", "46mB9TJ30iy-00883-00345156-00345381": "useful, and I'm sure the audience will find it very", "46mB9TJ30iy-00884-00345381-00345708": "beneficial as well. And thank you so much to all the audience", "46mB9TJ30iy-00885-00345735-00346284": "for attending this session. Wish you all the best and stay safe.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00886-00346359-00346434": "See you next time.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00887-00346434-00346458": "Stephen Marshall: Thank you.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00888-00346600-00346618": "Claire Amos: Thank you.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00889-00346618-00346633": "Steve Leichtweis: Kia ora.", "46mB9TJ30iy-00890-00346633-00346681": "Stephen Marshall: Have a great day."}}, {"audio_id": "46N3m3pprVI", "text": {"46N3m3pprVI-00000-00000010-00000126": ">>> HI EVERYONE.", "46N3m3pprVI-00001-00000126-00000133": ">>> HI EVERYONE.", "46N3m3pprVI-00002-00000133-00000286": ">>> HI EVERYONE.  THANKS FOR JOINING US.", "46N3m3pprVI-00003-00000286-00000293": ">>> HI EVERYONE.  THANKS FOR JOINING US.", "46N3m3pprVI-00004-00000293-00000443": ">>> HI EVERYONE.  THANKS FOR JOINING US. THE CITY OF BRAINERD IS WORKING", "46N3m3pprVI-00005-00000443-00000450": "THANKS FOR JOINING US. THE CITY OF BRAINERD IS WORKING", "46N3m3pprVI-00006-00000450-00000600": "THANKS FOR JOINING US. THE CITY OF BRAINERD IS WORKING  ON A LONG-TERM COMPREHENSIVE", "46N3m3pprVI-00007-00000600-00000607": "THE CITY OF BRAINERD IS WORKING  ON A LONG-TERM COMPREHENSIVE", "46N3m3pprVI-00008-00000607-00000800": "THE CITY OF BRAINERD IS WORKING  ON A LONG-TERM COMPREHENSIVE PLAN TO REFINE AND CRAFT THE", "46N3m3pprVI-00009-00000800-00000807": "ON A LONG-TERM COMPREHENSIVE PLAN TO REFINE AND CRAFT THE", "46N3m3pprVI-00010-00000807-00001024": "ON A LONG-TERM COMPREHENSIVE PLAN TO REFINE AND CRAFT THE  FUTURE OF BRAINERD.", "46N3m3pprVI-00011-00001024-00001031": "PLAN TO REFINE AND CRAFT THE  FUTURE OF BRAINERD.", "46N3m3pprVI-00012-00001031-00001177": "PLAN TO REFINE AND CRAFT THE  FUTURE OF BRAINERD. A COMMUNITY DESIGN SESSION WAS", "46N3m3pprVI-00013-00001177-00001184": "FUTURE OF BRAINERD. A COMMUNITY DESIGN SESSION WAS", "46N3m3pprVI-00014-00001184-00001334": "FUTURE OF BRAINERD. A COMMUNITY DESIGN SESSION WAS  HELD TONIGHT TO ALLOW", "46N3m3pprVI-00015-00001334-00001341": "A COMMUNITY DESIGN SESSION WAS  HELD TONIGHT TO ALLOW", "46N3m3pprVI-00016-00001341-00001491": "A COMMUNITY DESIGN SESSION WAS  HELD TONIGHT TO ALLOW COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO VIEW AND", "46N3m3pprVI-00017-00001491-00001498": "HELD TONIGHT TO ALLOW COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO VIEW AND", "46N3m3pprVI-00018-00001498-00001651": "HELD TONIGHT TO ALLOW COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO VIEW AND  HEAR ABOUT THE PLAN AND VOICE", "46N3m3pprVI-00019-00001651-00001658": "COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO VIEW AND  HEAR ABOUT THE PLAN AND VOICE", "46N3m3pprVI-00020-00001658-00001808": "COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO VIEW AND  HEAR ABOUT THE PLAN AND VOICE  THEIR OPINION ON WHAT THEY WOULD", "46N3m3pprVI-00021-00001808-00001815": "HEAR ABOUT THE PLAN AND VOICE  THEIR OPINION ON WHAT THEY WOULD", "46N3m3pprVI-00022-00001815-00001908": "HEAR ABOUT THE PLAN AND VOICE  THEIR OPINION ON WHAT THEY WOULD LIKE THE FUTURE OF BRAINERD TO", "46N3m3pprVI-00023-00001908-00001915": "THEIR OPINION ON WHAT THEY WOULD LIKE THE FUTURE OF BRAINERD TO", "46N3m3pprVI-00024-00001915-00002015": "THEIR OPINION ON WHAT THEY WOULD LIKE THE FUTURE OF BRAINERD TO  HOLD.", "46N3m3pprVI-00025-00002015-00002022": "LIKE THE FUTURE OF BRAINERD TO  HOLD.", "46N3m3pprVI-00026-00002022-00002178": "LIKE THE FUTURE OF BRAINERD TO  HOLD. A COMPREHENSIVE STEERING", "46N3m3pprVI-00027-00002178-00002185": "HOLD. A COMPREHENSIVE STEERING", "46N3m3pprVI-00028-00002185-00002302": "HOLD. A COMPREHENSIVE STEERING  COMMITTEE WAS APPOINTED SIX", "46N3m3pprVI-00029-00002302-00002308": "A COMPREHENSIVE STEERING  COMMITTEE WAS APPOINTED SIX", "46N3m3pprVI-00030-00002308-00002399": "A COMPREHENSIVE STEERING  COMMITTEE WAS APPOINTED SIX  MONTHS AGO BY THE BRAINERD CITY", "46N3m3pprVI-00031-00002399-00002405": "COMMITTEE WAS APPOINTED SIX  MONTHS AGO BY THE BRAINERD CITY", "46N3m3pprVI-00032-00002405-00002555": "COMMITTEE WAS APPOINTED SIX  MONTHS AGO BY THE BRAINERD CITY  COUNCIL TO LEAD THE PROJECT.", "46N3m3pprVI-00033-00002555-00002562": "MONTHS AGO BY THE BRAINERD CITY  COUNCIL TO LEAD THE PROJECT.", "46N3m3pprVI-00034-00002562-00002712": "MONTHS AGO BY THE BRAINERD CITY  COUNCIL TO LEAD THE PROJECT. THE COMMITTEE IS MADE UP OF A", "46N3m3pprVI-00035-00002712-00002719": "COUNCIL TO LEAD THE PROJECT. THE COMMITTEE IS MADE UP OF A", "46N3m3pprVI-00036-00002719-00002822": "COUNCIL TO LEAD THE PROJECT. THE COMMITTEE IS MADE UP OF A  WIDE VARIETY OF COMMUNITY", "46N3m3pprVI-00037-00002822-00002829": "THE COMMITTEE IS MADE UP OF A  WIDE VARIETY OF COMMUNITY", "46N3m3pprVI-00038-00002829-00002919": "THE COMMITTEE IS MADE UP OF A  WIDE VARIETY OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS THAT REPRESENT VARIOUS", "46N3m3pprVI-00039-00002919-00002926": "WIDE VARIETY OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS THAT REPRESENT VARIOUS", "46N3m3pprVI-00040-00002926-00003029": "WIDE VARIETY OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS THAT REPRESENT VARIOUS  SECTORS OF BRAINERD.", "46N3m3pprVI-00041-00003029-00003036": "MEMBERS THAT REPRESENT VARIOUS  SECTORS OF BRAINERD.", "46N3m3pprVI-00042-00003036-00003246": "MEMBERS THAT REPRESENT VARIOUS  SECTORS OF BRAINERD. THE GROUP IS IN THE DATA", "46N3m3pprVI-00043-00003246-00003253": "SECTORS OF BRAINERD. THE GROUP IS IN THE DATA", "46N3m3pprVI-00044-00003253-00003450": "SECTORS OF BRAINERD. THE GROUP IS IN THE DATA  COLLECTION PHASE AND IS WORKING", "46N3m3pprVI-00045-00003450-00003456": "THE GROUP IS IN THE DATA  COLLECTION PHASE AND IS WORKING", "46N3m3pprVI-00046-00003456-00003556": "THE GROUP IS IN THE DATA  COLLECTION PHASE AND IS WORKING WITH THE COMMUNITY TO ESTABLISH", "46N3m3pprVI-00047-00003556-00003563": "COLLECTION PHASE AND IS WORKING WITH THE COMMUNITY TO ESTABLISH", "46N3m3pprVI-00048-00003563-00003703": "COLLECTION PHASE AND IS WORKING WITH THE COMMUNITY TO ESTABLISH  A SHARED VISION FOR THE CITY OF", "46N3m3pprVI-00049-00003703-00003710": "WITH THE COMMUNITY TO ESTABLISH  A SHARED VISION FOR THE CITY OF", "46N3m3pprVI-00050-00003710-00004120": "WITH THE COMMUNITY TO ESTABLISH  A SHARED VISION FOR THE CITY OF BRAINERD.", "46N3m3pprVI-00051-00004120-00004127": "A SHARED VISION FOR THE CITY OF BRAINERD.", "46N3m3pprVI-00052-00004127-00004310": "A SHARED VISION FOR THE CITY OF BRAINERD. >> PLEASE GIVE US FEEDBACK AS", "46N3m3pprVI-00053-00004310-00004317": "BRAINERD. >> PLEASE GIVE US FEEDBACK AS", "46N3m3pprVI-00054-00004317-00004481": "BRAINERD. >> PLEASE GIVE US FEEDBACK AS  THE COMMUNITY MEMBERS.", "46N3m3pprVI-00055-00004481-00004487": ">> PLEASE GIVE US FEEDBACK AS  THE COMMUNITY MEMBERS.", "46N3m3pprVI-00056-00004487-00004621": ">> PLEASE GIVE US FEEDBACK AS  THE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. THE MORE FEEDBACK WE GET, THE", "46N3m3pprVI-00057-00004621-00004627": "THE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. THE MORE FEEDBACK WE GET, THE", "46N3m3pprVI-00058-00004627-00004834": "THE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. THE MORE FEEDBACK WE GET, THE  BETTER WE CAN DO OUR JOBS AT", "46N3m3pprVI-00059-00004834-00004841": "THE MORE FEEDBACK WE GET, THE  BETTER WE CAN DO OUR JOBS AT", "46N3m3pprVI-00060-00004841-00004968": "THE MORE FEEDBACK WE GET, THE  BETTER WE CAN DO OUR JOBS AT  FIGURING OUT WHAT THE COMMUNITY", "46N3m3pprVI-00061-00004968-00004974": "BETTER WE CAN DO OUR JOBS AT  FIGURING OUT WHAT THE COMMUNITY", "46N3m3pprVI-00062-00004974-00005001": "BETTER WE CAN DO OUR JOBS AT  FIGURING OUT WHAT THE COMMUNITY  WANTS.", "46N3m3pprVI-00063-00005001-00005008": "FIGURING OUT WHAT THE COMMUNITY  WANTS.", "46N3m3pprVI-00064-00005008-00005261": "FIGURING OUT WHAT THE COMMUNITY  WANTS. YOU KNOW, THERE'S ABOUT 16 OF US", "46N3m3pprVI-00065-00005261-00005268": "WANTS. YOU KNOW, THERE'S ABOUT 16 OF US", "46N3m3pprVI-00066-00005268-00005425": "WANTS. YOU KNOW, THERE'S ABOUT 16 OF US ON THE COMMITTEE, AND IT IS NOT", "46N3m3pprVI-00067-00005425-00005432": "YOU KNOW, THERE'S ABOUT 16 OF US ON THE COMMITTEE, AND IT IS NOT", "46N3m3pprVI-00068-00005432-00005528": "YOU KNOW, THERE'S ABOUT 16 OF US ON THE COMMITTEE, AND IT IS NOT  ALL ABOUT WHAT WE WANT.", "46N3m3pprVI-00069-00005528-00005535": "ON THE COMMITTEE, AND IT IS NOT  ALL ABOUT WHAT WE WANT.", "46N3m3pprVI-00070-00005535-00005802": "ON THE COMMITTEE, AND IT IS NOT  ALL ABOUT WHAT WE WANT. WE'RE TRYING TO GET A FEEL FOR", "46N3m3pprVI-00071-00005802-00005809": "ALL ABOUT WHAT WE WANT. WE'RE TRYING TO GET A FEEL FOR", "46N3m3pprVI-00072-00005809-00005915": "ALL ABOUT WHAT WE WANT. WE'RE TRYING TO GET A FEEL FOR  WHAT THE COMMUNITY WANTS IN", "46N3m3pprVI-00073-00005915-00005922": "WE'RE TRYING TO GET A FEEL FOR  WHAT THE COMMUNITY WANTS IN", "46N3m3pprVI-00074-00005922-00006046": "WE'RE TRYING TO GET A FEEL FOR  WHAT THE COMMUNITY WANTS IN  GENERAL SO THAT WE KNOW WHAT", "46N3m3pprVI-00075-00006046-00006052": "WHAT THE COMMUNITY WANTS IN  GENERAL SO THAT WE KNOW WHAT", "46N3m3pprVI-00076-00006052-00006106": "WHAT THE COMMUNITY WANTS IN  GENERAL SO THAT WE KNOW WHAT  DIRECTION TO GO.", "46N3m3pprVI-00077-00006106-00006112": "GENERAL SO THAT WE KNOW WHAT  DIRECTION TO GO.", "46N3m3pprVI-00078-00006112-00006309": "GENERAL SO THAT WE KNOW WHAT  DIRECTION TO GO. SO FEEDBACK, FEEDBACK, FEEDBACK,", "46N3m3pprVI-00079-00006309-00006316": "DIRECTION TO GO. SO FEEDBACK, FEEDBACK, FEEDBACK,", "46N3m3pprVI-00080-00006316-00006499": "DIRECTION TO GO. SO FEEDBACK, FEEDBACK, FEEDBACK, DATA, DATA, DATA.", "46N3m3pprVI-00081-00006499-00006506": "SO FEEDBACK, FEEDBACK, FEEDBACK, DATA, DATA, DATA.", "46N3m3pprVI-00082-00006506-00006606": "SO FEEDBACK, FEEDBACK, FEEDBACK, DATA, DATA, DATA. >> THE STEERING COMMITTEE PLANS", "46N3m3pprVI-00083-00006606-00006613": "DATA, DATA, DATA. >> THE STEERING COMMITTEE PLANS", "46N3m3pprVI-00084-00006613-00006716": "DATA, DATA, DATA. >> THE STEERING COMMITTEE PLANS  ON HOLDING A SERIES OF OPEN", "46N3m3pprVI-00085-00006716-00006723": ">> THE STEERING COMMITTEE PLANS  ON HOLDING A SERIES OF OPEN", "46N3m3pprVI-00086-00006723-00006820": ">> THE STEERING COMMITTEE PLANS  ON HOLDING A SERIES OF OPEN HOUSES AND WARD MEETINGS IN THE", "46N3m3pprVI-00087-00006820-00006826": "ON HOLDING A SERIES OF OPEN HOUSES AND WARD MEETINGS IN THE", "46N3m3pprVI-00088-00006826-00006970": "ON HOLDING A SERIES OF OPEN HOUSES AND WARD MEETINGS IN THE  FUTURE TO COLLECT ADDITIONAL"}}, {"audio_id": "47nsyNVh71A", "text": {"47nsyNVh71A-00000-00000014-00000531": "Lateefah Gold Wedding Jewelry Rings for Women Two-tone Color Marquise Cubic Zirconia Big", "47nsyNVh71A-00001-00000531-00000794": "Engagement Ring Anillos Mujer Bague", "47nsyNVh71A-00002-00000794-00001725": "Item Type:RingsFine or Fashion:FashionOccasion:WeddingGender:WomenShape\\pattern:GeometricSurface Width:6mmSetting Type:Prong SettingStyle:TrendyRings", "47nsyNVh71A-00003-00001725-00002372": "Type:Cocktail RingMaterial:Cubic ZirconiaMetals Type:BrassCompatibility:NoneFunction:NoneGender:WomenMetal", "47nsyNVh71A-00004-00002372-00003754": "Type:BrassStone:Cubic ZirconiaSize:6/7/8/9Plating:Two-tone PlatingStyle:TrendyItem Name:Wedding RingPattern:GeometricDropshipping:AcceptWholesale:Accept"}}, {"audio_id": "47e2WktARgE", "text": {"47e2WktARgE-00000-00000088-00000672": "Hi I'm Syl Di-Diego, Sharon Rose Master. Today I'm going to share just a quick overview about", "47e2WktARgE-00001-00000672-00001360": "Atomy's Marketing Plan and how we do make money from shopping on the Atomy shopping", "47e2WktARgE-00002-00001360-00002160": "mall. Always we have to define Atomy because it's so unique. Atomy is an online shopping mall plus a", "47e2WktARgE-00003-00002248-00002760": "global distribution network. So you know you can get on it any way you do", "47e2WktARgE-00004-00002760-00003352": "the internet - whether it's a tablet or the mobile app or the laptop. But more than just", "47e2WktARgE-00005-00003352-00004368": "a typical online shopping mall or store we have an integrated system with two big manufacturers and", "47e2WktARgE-00006-00004368-00004824": "technology suppliers which are KAERI - the Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute and", "47e2WktARgE-00007-00004824-00005440": "Kolmar Korea. So they do a lot of our R&D, our manufacturing, our quality control;", "47e2WktARgE-00008-00005496-00006112": "and they have a joint venture called Kolmar BNH. They make sure any of the other suppliers also", "47e2WktARgE-00009-00006112-00006831": "providing into our shopping mall reach our quality requirements. So it's not just a supply system", "47e2WktARgE-00010-00006904-00007936": "for consumers it really is a quality producer of what we call our our high technology products. so", "47e2WktARgE-00011-00007992-00008688": "KAERI gives us the stability of the South Korean government and Kolmar is a 100 year old company.", "47e2WktARgE-00012-00008688-00009176": "So they give us a lot of insight into the quality of the product as well and give us R&D.", "47e2WktARgE-00013-00009264-00010008": "These are great partners that give us this turnkey global system from Atomy. What do we", "47e2WktARgE-00014-00010008-00010744": "offer? Okay we offer everyday necessary goods. We have, these are just a few of the categories,", "47e2WktARgE-00015-00010744-00011384": "food, home care, health care, skin care, personal care. In Korea we have fashion and other,", "47e2WktARgE-00016-00011488-00012072": "more food, and other items over there. But what's different from anywhere else you can shop on the", "47e2WktARgE-00017-00012072-00012936": "internet is that Atomy does something special. We curate the best item in each category. So we have", "47e2WktARgE-00018-00012936-00013624": "the best toothpaste we could find in the world. We have the best pepper in the world, from Cambodia.", "47e2WktARgE-00019-00013624-00014319": "We have the best Vitamin C like you heard of, and the best saw palmetto. So because it's curated,", "47e2WktARgE-00020-00014319-00015056": "consumers save time from looking at thousands and thousands of toothbrushes or toothpaste.", "47e2WktARgE-00021-00015056-00015832": "So the first value from Atomy is saving time. And the second value is finding very, very,", "47e2WktARgE-00022-00015832-00016480": "super high quality products. We call it Absolute High Quality products because of the technology", "47e2WktARgE-00023-00016480-00017136": "and the purification systems we have, and the patented systems. So these are very, very, high", "47e2WktARgE-00024-00017136-00017920": "quality products. But more than that they are very low price. We squeeze out the price bubble - all", "47e2WktARgE-00025-00017920-00018720": "the cost in between the manufacturer and the consumer. So we call this our very own Mass-Tige", "47e2WktARgE-00026-00018720-00019520": "product strategy. We are the only company in the world so far to have such a policy of Mass-Tige", "47e2WktARgE-00027-00019520-00020352": "products - lowest price, affordable, and highest quality and they're all curated. So shopping is", "47e2WktARgE-00028-00020352-00021008": "simple and the first time you order something, you know by experiencing it that it's good quality.", "47e2WktARgE-00029-00021008-00021656": "You immediately have the benefit of clean products plus you're saving money from day one.", "47e2WktARgE-00030-00021840-00022576": "And members control what they shop for, and they only shop for what they want and when they want", "47e2WktARgE-00031-00022576-00023120": "it. The company gives a 100 satisfaction guarantee so you can return the product if", "47e2WktARgE-00032-00023120-00023728": "you're not satisfied. And our return rate is so low, it's 0.12 percent (less than 0) which", "47e2WktARgE-00033-00023728-00024248": "means almost nobody's returning the product. It's a proof that our products are so good", "47e2WktARgE-00034-00024248-00024872": "which means that consumers have absolutely no risk by buying from Atomy.", "47e2WktARgE-00035-00025144-00025936": "But more than saving money and enjoying clean products we also can enjoy cashback. Cashback -", "47e2WktARgE-00036-00025936-00026504": "money back, even though we're saving 50 (percent) or more from what we're spending elsewhere.", "47e2WktARgE-00037-00026504-00027400": "We can also get cash back. We have three buckets of cash that come in - General Commission,", "47e2WktARgE-00038-00027400-00028048": "Mastership Bonus and even prizes and other special bonuses. We can be a consumer", "47e2WktARgE-00039-00028048-00028824": "and after we love the products we can move into being a purposeful cash back earner.", "47e2WktARgE-00040-00028824-00029272": "We don't have to change our member number. We don't have to pay any fees. We don't have to pay", "47e2WktARgE-00041-00029392-00029808": "any fees at all. We have no requirement to buy anything.", "47e2WktARgE-00042-00029808-00030248": "We don't have auto ship or anything like that. It's just buy when we want to, and we don't have", "47e2WktARgE-00043-00030248-00030983": "to invest anything either if we ever wanted to, um, you know, try to get more cash back income.", "47e2WktARgE-00044-00031112-00031768": "And it's actually a big business! You start small but it's like a snowball in Atomy. You start maybe", "47e2WktARgE-00045-00031768-00032472": "with a shampoo or vitamin C. You love it. But over time, you'll see in just a minute,", "47e2WktARgE-00046-00032472-00033024": "you can earn from two thousand dollars a month to fifty thousand when you're a purposeful earner.", "47e2WktARgE-00047-00033024-00033680": "But even before that you can start to earn ten dollars or especially sixty dollars", "47e2WktARgE-00048-00033680-00034384": "when you work intentionally. Sixty dollars a check to get money back. It's a great thing!", "47e2WktARgE-00049-00034616-00035104": "Well, how does that work? That's what this section is all about - how do you get this money back. And", "47e2WktARgE-00050-00035104-00035728": "I have to tell you that it's a very righteous compensation plan - because the world out there", "47e2WktARgE-00051-00035728-00036368": "is a triangle or a pyramid you know. You get a job maybe at the lower level and get paid a little but", "47e2WktARgE-00052-00036368-00036816": "the CEO or the President of the company, or the owner of the company, they make most of", "47e2WktARgE-00053-00036816-00037352": "the money. And there's very few people at the top that do that. But Mr. Park from Atomy said", "47e2WktARgE-00054-00037352-00037920": "when I give back money, and he's sharing seven zero percent, seventy percent of the profits", "47e2WktARgE-00055-00037920-00038576": "are going back to the consumer members that are getting this cash back. But he put a top on it. So", "47e2WktARgE-00056-00038576-00039128": "no one's going to make more than about fifty thousand a month limit. That's a lot of money,", "47e2WktARgE-00057-00039128-00039576": "fifty thousand dollars a month, because this is going to be residual passive income. But", "47e2WktARgE-00058-00039576-00040088": "this is why it's so righteous. No one's going to go above another person in their", "47e2WktARgE-00059-00040088-00040800": "opportunity. We're all going to meet there at the top. And the extra points that might have gone to", "47e2WktARgE-00060-00040800-00041288": "these other people that are ahead of us, or working harder, those points don't get paid", "47e2WktARgE-00061-00041288-00041728": "if the person made more than $50, 000 dollars (per month). Instead that money goes back in", "47e2WktARgE-00062-00041728-00042480": "the commission pool to share among everybody else. And in those seven steps we have of success, um,", "47e2WktARgE-00063-00042480-00042984": "everybody's going to make it eventually if they love the product and keep shopping voluntarily.", "47e2WktARgE-00064-00043048-00043824": "And if other people come in, and love it as well. So there's no time limit in Atomy which means that", "47e2WktARgE-00065-00043824-00044240": "there's no advantage that someone heard about it two years ago or three years ago", "47e2WktARgE-00066-00044240-00044728": "or someone joins five years from now or 10 years from now. Everybody's going to have", "47e2WktARgE-00067-00044728-00045304": "the same equal opportunity to go up this ladder to success. The only thing about Atomy is that", "47e2WktARgE-00068-00045304-00045944": "it's really about your activity to share and show people how to, you know, sign on,", "47e2WktARgE-00069-00045944-00046768": "use the products, and then how to increase their monthly cash back. We have a bonus pool also", "47e2WktARgE-00070-00046768-00047376": "that's very generously shared with the beginners which are called the Sales Masters. And so out of", "47e2WktARgE-00071-00047376-00048008": "the money that's set aside for Mastership Bonuses 50 percent of that goes to the Sales Masters. So", "47e2WktARgE-00072-00048008-00048640": "it's very nice for people that are beginning to be able to get bonuses and share 50 of that", "47e2WktARgE-00073-00048640-00049244": "bonus pool; while the rest of the so-called Masterships they share the other 50 percent.", "47e2WktARgE-00074-00049408-00049816": "But how do you actually do it? You're saying, well how do you calculate this maybe or how", "47e2WktARgE-00075-00049816-00050312": "does this happen? Is it magic? Is there a machine? Is there a special button?", "47e2WktARgE-00076-00050312-00051112": "No! It's very, very simple. First just shop. Get your member number. It's free! Don't wait.", "47e2WktARgE-00077-00051192-00051840": "If you're a first timer I'm sure you're shopping already. So just keep shopping and keep switching", "47e2WktARgE-00078-00051840-00052296": "your spending every week, every month, whenever you need the next product", "47e2WktARgE-00079-00052296-00052784": "look on the site, and see if Atomy has it. Or talk to the person that introduced you.", "47e2WktARgE-00080-00052784-00053455": "And once you start to use more and more products you'll just be so loving of the results,", "47e2WktARgE-00081-00053455-00054016": "the savings, and also the wonderful people we get to meet whenever we get together as Atomians.", "47e2WktARgE-00082-00054240-00054944": "Every product, and you'll see this on the website, has a price and it has PV - loyalty point values.", "47e2WktARgE-00083-00054944-00055504": "And so these point values actually are recorded in the computer. So you can see", "47e2WktARgE-00084-00055504-00056055": "how you're earning PV every day. Look on your mobile app and this is assigned", "47e2WktARgE-00085-00056055-00056312": "to your member number if you use that to order.", "47e2WktARgE-00086-00056624-00057248": "So as you're shopping even if you don't even know that you can earn cash back income. which", "47e2WktARgE-00087-00057248-00057760": "I didn't know for at least a year or so, your points are adding up into your account. And", "47e2WktARgE-00088-00057760-00058400": "you're becoming qualified for this first bucket of General Commission because you're shopping under", "47e2WktARgE-00089-00058400-00059072": "your personal (member) ID and this gives you an eligibility to earn a cash back check. You don't", "47e2WktARgE-00090-00059072-00059832": "get any income yet, but this PV never goes away for your qualification. In fact, as it builds up", "47e2WktARgE-00091-00059832-00060664": "you're going to have eventually, you know, HemoHIM is about 54 000 PV. And the Absolute Skin Care is", "47e2WktARgE-00092-00060776-00061367": "over a hundred thousand PV. And as you saw the vitamins, everything adds the PV. And eventually", "47e2WktARgE-00093-00061367-00061864": "if you're just shopping you're gonna get three hundred thousand PV and that's when you can get", "47e2WktARgE-00094-00061864-00062528": "sixty dollar checks. If you only have ten thousand (PV) of one item you can still get a check. But", "47e2WktARgE-00095-00062528-00063079": "we're not going to talk about that system right now because three hundred thousand it sticks", "47e2WktARgE-00096-00063079-00063600": "and it always gives you that $60 check when you do something else, which we'll talk about.", "47e2WktARgE-00097-00063600-00064200": "So there's four levels of qualification 300,000 to 2.4 million (PV). That just means how much", "47e2WktARgE-00098-00064200-00064679": "size check you get. At 300,000 you're going to get 60 dollar check. And you're not the", "47e2WktARgE-00099-00064679-00065320": "only one shopping. There's other people that are connected to you because they joined after you,", "47e2WktARgE-00100-00065320-00065928": "and their member number is automatically connected to you when they signed up. And those people are", "47e2WktARgE-00101-00065928-00066760": "also shopping. Everybody is contributing to their own member number and their own personal PV. But", "47e2WktARgE-00102-00066760-00067576": "also you're contributing to the Group PV on, this is your left group, to anybody that's above you,", "47e2WktARgE-00103-00067576-00068240": "and that goes all the way all the way up the line. In order to make that sixty dollar check that we", "47e2WktARgE-00104-00068240-00068840": "just mentioned, you have to have a second group. So you need a right group and a left group. Then", "47e2WktARgE-00105-00068840-00069520": "what happens is all the shopping individuals are doing are adding up for themselves but it's also", "47e2WktARgE-00106-00069520-00070176": "adding up into the group PV for the people above them. So these people are below me and when these", "47e2WktARgE-00107-00070176-00070984": "PVs total sum, we call them group PVs, add up to 300,000 on the left and right,", "47e2WktARgE-00108-00070984-00071584": "we will get a check 60 dollars. Every day it's calculated automatically in the computer system.", "47e2WktARgE-00109-00071720-00072168": "When that hits, you're going to be eligible for sixty dollars. They'll pay you the next week.", "47e2WktARgE-00110-00072256-00072856": "And people will keep shopping. You know at first you'll probably get, you know, maybe", "47e2WktARgE-00111-00072920-00073328": "sixty dollars in one month. Then later it will be one week. Then", "47e2WktARgE-00112-00073328-00073928": "in future It'll start to get even more, maybe even every day. But people are shopping and", "47e2WktARgE-00113-00073928-00074432": "shopping and then you'll find out that they're going to have 700 000 PV on each leg and you'll", "47e2WktARgE-00114-00074432-00075016": "get 120 dollar check. So the checks start to go up, but you have to add to your personal PV", "47e2WktARgE-00115-00075016-00075608": "to get a bigger check. Then 1.5 million you have to get your personal PV there and you'll get 240", "47e2WktARgE-00116-00075696-00076328": "dollars. Then up to 2.4 million (PV)you'll start to get a check of 600 dollars. But then, if you", "47e2WktARgE-00117-00076328-00077064": "have 50 million PV on your left and right you'll receive a check of 1200 dollars a day. When that", "47e2WktARgE-00118-00077064-00077824": "becomes consistent it's going to be giving you daily income of anywhere from 60 to 1200 dollars", "47e2WktARgE-00119-00077824-00078464": "a day - which adds up to over 30 000 dollars a month - just for your General Commission! Now,", "47e2WktARgE-00120-00078464-00079112": "this is not all your shopping. And it's not all, only, it's not also just the people that", "47e2WktARgE-00121-00079112-00079664": "you know that are shopping. There are people downline from you, and even upline from you,", "47e2WktARgE-00122-00079664-00080384": "who are shopping and adding to your Group PV. So this is a group effort. It's very doable.", "47e2WktARgE-00123-00080384-00081208": "Because in Atomy we are making sure that the (beginner) people have success. The most important", "47e2WktARgE-00124-00081208-00081848": "thing is that it's the total sum of your group. It can go down 100 people, a thousand people, even a", "47e2WktARgE-00125-00081848-00082400": "million people down. If they buy a toothbrush, if they buy a box of vitamin C, it's all adding up to", "47e2WktARgE-00126-00082400-00083080": "your Group PV. So those unlimited levels really help. Also, the PV stays until you get a check.", "47e2WktARgE-00127-00083208-00083568": "But you're paid on your smaller leg. So if you had six million on your left and you have", "47e2WktARgE-00128-00083568-00084048": "three hundred thousand on your right you would only get a check for sixty dollars. But if you", "47e2WktARgE-00129-00084048-00084632": "had six million on your left and you had seven hundred thousand the first month you'd get it,", "47e2WktARgE-00130-00084632-00085216": "and you had seven hundred thousand on your left side, you are ... Sorry. If you have seven hundred", "47e2WktARgE-00131-00085216-00085784": "thousand in your personal PV and your, and your group starts to consume 700 000 (PV) on your", "47e2WktARgE-00132-00085784-00086344": "left and right legs, you start to get 120 checks. So it's all about the group. And more than that", "47e2WktARgE-00133-00086344-00086928": "it's all about being a global business because we're in 15 countries. We have one (member) ID", "47e2WktARgE-00134-00086928-00087472": "number and anybody connected to you all over the world contributes to each other's group PV.", "47e2WktARgE-00135-00087544-00088432": "So it's a very, very big multiplication effect of many people shopping. Our system has no gimmicks.", "47e2WktARgE-00136-00088432-00089056": "We have no limit levels. We never lose our PV on these groups until we get a check,", "47e2WktARgE-00137-00089056-00089528": "our personal check. And the next person they don't lose their PV on their group", "47e2WktARgE-00138-00089528-00090048": "unless they get a check. So it's just a matter of time. We do not have resets", "47e2WktARgE-00139-00090048-00090720": "with our Group PV. They never reset. And also our personal PV, only we have to reach it one", "47e2WktARgE-00140-00090720-00091472": "time for life. That never resets! So that's how practically it happens. Just shop. Talk to the", "47e2WktARgE-00141-00091472-00091880": "person who you're working with who introduced you and your sponsor and come to the meetings.", "47e2WktARgE-00142-00091880-00092312": "You'll understand this better as you start to hear about it, more and more.", "47e2WktARgE-00143-00092496-00093296": "But how do you actually make ongoing income? We have special bonus, that second group of", "47e2WktARgE-00144-00093296-00093864": "money is our Mastership Bonus. So if you have within two weeks, we call it a Challenge Period,", "47e2WktARgE-00145-00093864-00094336": "at the beginning or end of the month. If you have on your left group and right (group)each", "47e2WktARgE-00146-00094336-00095200": "2.5 million PV, then you can receive an extra bonus. So you can get about 420 dollar bonus", "47e2WktARgE-00147-00095200-00095784": "plus some gifts. And if you do this you're going to also get about eight checks of sixty dollars,", "47e2WktARgE-00148-00095784-00096264": "so you'll have 480 dollars in your general commission that we talked about previously,", "47e2WktARgE-00149-00096360-00097024": "plus this bonus of 420 dollars which gives you about 900 dollars in two weeks. Now", "47e2WktARgE-00150-00097136-00097744": "2.5 million (PV), you know the average consumer in Atomy who uses eight products,", "47e2WktARgE-00151-00097744-00098344": "or maybe 12 or 15 products, they easily use in their house a hundred thousand PV.", "47e2WktARgE-00152-00098344-00098896": "So if you think about it loyal consumer wise you really only need 25 people on your left", "47e2WktARgE-00153-00098896-00099536": "and 25 people on your right to reach this Mastership Bonus. And don't forget - it's", "47e2WktARgE-00154-00099536-00100056": "people up and down the line that are also shopping with you. They can also get this bonus", "47e2WktARgE-00155-00100056-00100640": "too. So don't worry that you need 50 people in two weeks because you're not doing it alone.", "47e2WktARgE-00156-00100904-00101328": "This is the stage where you're just introducing products to people", "47e2WktARgE-00157-00101328-00101536": "and you're building a loyal consumer base.", "47e2WktARgE-00158-00101680-00102200": "You get these three products as a mastership bonus, as a sales master.", "47e2WktARgE-00159-00102200-00102720": "But then you want to make more money and so the next level changes. It's not about", "47e2WktARgE-00160-00102720-00103359": "the volume. It's about helping other people be successful Masters. So to be a Diamond Master,", "47e2WktARgE-00161-00103359-00103992": "which is our second level of success, you have to help build two Sales Masters on your left and two", "47e2WktARgE-00162-00103992-00104511": "Sales Masters on your right. Just show them what you did. Work as a team. You can do it in two", "47e2WktARgE-00163-00104511-00105088": "weeks. You'll get more Mastership Bonus. You'll get more commissions and you'll get more product", "47e2WktARgE-00164-00105144-00105920": "prizes. From the second level to the seventh level it's all about leadership! You'll get, not only", "47e2WktARgE-00165-00105920-00106783": "those products as a Diamond Master, but a laptop. Atomy gives you this platform that's free to work", "47e2WktARgE-00166-00106783-00107480": "together with people to achieve your financial freedom and to give you the funds, the time,", "47e2WktARgE-00167-00107480-00108000": "to do what you want to do in your life. You see as you go up the ladder of success you start to get", "47e2WktARgE-00168-00108000-00108720": "even more bonuses like cash and travel tickets as a Sharon Rose and a Star master. Then as you go", "47e2WktARgE-00169-00108720-00109311": "up further you're starting to get chunks of cash 50 000 to 300 000 (dollars), plus cars and travel", "47e2WktARgE-00170-00109311-00109792": "tickets, and a monthly expense account of 2 000 (dollars) a month and then 5 000 (dollars) a month", "47e2WktARgE-00171-00109792-00110383": "as a Crown Master. People are already making this in the United States. Actually this slide is old.", "47e2WktARgE-00172-00110383-00110959": "The woman on the right is already a Crown (Club member) one step above. People keep rising through", "47e2WktARgE-00173-00110959-00111583": "the ranks of success because this system actually works. These promotions are actually the evidence.", "47e2WktARgE-00174-00111728-00112416": "Guess what! In Korea there's lots of Crown Masters and there's even six Imperial Masters where they", "47e2WktARgE-00175-00112416-00113128": "received one million dollars cash money one time, more travel tickets, a car and a chauffeur,", "47e2WktARgE-00176-00113128-00113656": "a bigger expense account of 10 000 (dollars) a month and a secretary and an office. These", "47e2WktARgE-00177-00113656-00114280": "are additional things. I don't know anybody in my life, except maybe one hedge fund manager,", "47e2WktARgE-00178-00114280-00114776": "whoever made a million dollars bonus. Do you guys know anybody who ever made a million dollar bonus?", "47e2WktARgE-00179-00114776-00115264": "Raise your hand if you did! My hands, my hand's held down. I don't know anybody who made a", "47e2WktARgE-00180-00115264-00115848": "million dollar bonus. But that's reality and this happened already, six of them already at Atomy!", "47e2WktARgE-00181-00115848-00116480": "This is a real opportunity to change our lives and to live a new life. Because if we choose today,", "47e2WktARgE-00182-00116616-00117264": "to shop Atomy, to work together, we can reach, we can each reach financial freedom,", "47e2WktARgE-00183-00117320-00117872": "whatever that means to you! It might be money, money to pay your debt,", "47e2WktARgE-00184-00117968-00118656": "money in the bank, money to buy a house, money to invest in a hospital, money to help other people.", "47e2WktARgE-00185-00118656-00119232": "How about we pool all our money together and build a hospital, feed the hungry in a whole State,", "47e2WktARgE-00186-00119232-00119640": "Pennsylvania, New Jersey! How about the Philippines? How about other countries all", "47e2WktARgE-00187-00119640-00120480": "over the world? We can do a lot with this just by shifting, shifting our daily shopping to Atomy,", "47e2WktARgE-00188-00120480-00121144": "because Atomy has a righteous system. And Atomy has a system where, by working together,", "47e2WktARgE-00189-00121248-00121832": "we don't go fast, maybe it takes a little time, but we're not alone. Because if you want to go", "47e2WktARgE-00190-00121832-00122359": "fast, sure, you can go fast and go somewhere. Try to make money by yourself. But in Atomy", "47e2WktARgE-00191-00122416-00123040": "we always go together because we want to go far. And to go far, as an old African proverb says,", "47e2WktARgE-00192-00123040-00123728": "we have to go together! So let's all go together! It's so fun to be with you, so excited soon", "47e2WktARgE-00193-00123728-00124311": "to have more time and more money so we can change the world of our families, of our communities,", "47e2WktARgE-00194-00124311-00124783": "and of the countries that we love so much. Thank you very much everybody for listening today!"}}, {"audio_id": "483Ju4I3dNc", "text": {"483Ju4I3dNc-00000-00000000-00000700": "cancer survivors,Breast cancer,breast cancer stages,metastatic breast cancer,breast cancer symptoms,breast cancer treatment,cancer,cancer cure,cancer cells,cancer diagnosis,cancer diet,cancer fighting foods,cancer hair loss,cancer nursing,cancer patients,cancer story,cancer survivor,cancer symptoms,cancer treatment,cancer x ray,how cancer spreads,cure cancer,cure cancer naturally,prevent cancer with diet,prevent cancer,overcome cancer", "483Ju4I3dNc-00001-00041360-00042060": "cancer survivors,Breast cancer,breast cancer stages,metastatic breast cancer,breast cancer symptoms,breast cancer treatment,cancer,cancer cure,cancer cells,cancer diagnosis,cancer diet,cancer fighting foods,cancer hair loss,cancer nursing,cancer patients,cancer story,cancer survivor,cancer symptoms,cancer treatment,cancer x ray,how cancer spreads,cure cancer,cure cancer naturally,prevent cancer with diet,prevent cancer,overcome cancer", "483Ju4I3dNc-00002-00092998-00093698": "cancer survivors,Breast cancer,breast cancer stages,metastatic breast cancer,breast cancer symptoms,breast cancer treatment,cancer,cancer cure,cancer cells,cancer diagnosis,cancer diet,cancer fighting foods,cancer hair loss,cancer nursing,cancer patients,cancer story,cancer survivor,cancer symptoms,cancer treatment,cancer x ray,how cancer spreads,cure cancer,cure cancer naturally,prevent cancer with diet,prevent cancer,overcome cancer", "483Ju4I3dNc-00003-00153092-00153792": "cancer survivors,Breast cancer,breast cancer stages,metastatic breast cancer,breast cancer symptoms,breast cancer treatment,cancer,cancer cure,cancer cells,cancer diagnosis,cancer diet,cancer fighting foods,cancer hair loss,cancer nursing,cancer patients,cancer story,cancer survivor,cancer symptoms,cancer treatment,cancer x ray,how cancer spreads,cure cancer,cure cancer naturally,prevent cancer with diet,prevent cancer,overcome cancer", "483Ju4I3dNc-00004-00197334-00198034": "cancer survivors,Breast cancer,breast cancer stages,metastatic breast cancer,breast cancer symptoms,breast cancer treatment,cancer,cancer cure,cancer cells,cancer diagnosis,cancer diet,cancer fighting foods,cancer hair loss,cancer nursing,cancer patients,cancer story,cancer survivor,cancer symptoms,cancer treatment,cancer x ray,how cancer spreads,cure cancer,cure cancer naturally,prevent cancer with diet,prevent cancer,overcome cancer"}}, {"audio_id": "48BNW0qkOMY", "text": {"48BNW0qkOMY-00000-00001810-00002030": "To complete an application", "48BNW0qkOMY-00001-00002030-00002350": "you will need to fill an application form", "48BNW0qkOMY-00002-00002350-00002710": "that is available on the Natural Resources Wales website", "48BNW0qkOMY-00003-00002710-00003150": "You will need to send it back to the given address", "48BNW0qkOMY-00004-00003150-00003560": "by the closing date on the 7th of September", "48BNW0qkOMY-00005-00003660-00003868": "the guidelines also explain", "48BNW0qkOMY-00006-00003868-00004214": "what you should do if you have a question", "48BNW0qkOMY-00007-00004214-00004560": "and how we hope to answer as soon as possible", "48BNW0qkOMY-00008-00004560-00005036": "you can also, should you feel the need to discuss", "48BNW0qkOMY-00009-00005036-00005551": "your ideas, contact the network of partnership officers", "48BNW0qkOMY-00010-00005551-00005923": "that are available at Natural Resources Wales offices across", "48BNW0qkOMY-00011-00005923-00006240": "Wales. They have", "48BNW0qkOMY-00012-00006240-00006608": "a lot of professional experience with developing projects", "48BNW0qkOMY-00013-00006608-00006930": "in the environmental field. If you don't know", "48BNW0qkOMY-00014-00006930-00007333": "a specific person to contact, email us", "48BNW0qkOMY-00015-00007333-00007664": "and we will let you know who", "48BNW0qkOMY-00016-00007664-00008051": "is working in your specific area. But Remember", "48BNW0qkOMY-00017-00008051-00008702": "what job the partnership officers do, please take any suggestions they give for the sake of improvement", "48BNW0qkOMY-00018-00008702-00009088": "as introductory advice.", "48BNW0qkOMY-00019-00009088-00009406": "They will not be able to take into account your projects", "48BNW0qkOMY-00020-00009406-00009742": "worth in comparison to others", "48BNW0qkOMY-00021-00009742-00010056": "nor will they either be able to suggest", "48BNW0qkOMY-00022-00010056-00010395": "that your project be funded", "48BNW0qkOMY-00023-00010395-00010805": "in the end you are responsible for presenting a", "48BNW0qkOMY-00024-00010805-00011252": "strong case for funding. A committee", "48BNW0qkOMY-00025-00011252-00011545": "of independent assessors in Natural Resources Wales", "48BNW0qkOMY-00026-00011545-00011981": "will choose what projects are chosen.", "48BNW0qkOMY-00027-00011981-00012332": "Finally, I'd like to wish you the best", "48BNW0qkOMY-00028-00012332-00012742": "with your preparation work. I'm looking forward", "48BNW0qkOMY-00029-00012742-00013091": "to receiving your applications for funding shortly. Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "48H2EfKvPlE", "text": {"48H2EfKvPlE-00000-00000016-00000440": "the red lady the ghostly monk the screaming man", "48H2EfKvPlE-00001-00000440-00000952": "the colonel and the phantom highwaymen tonight we are entering a village that may have more", "48H2EfKvPlE-00002-00000952-00001480": "dead residents than living a town that is so infamous for the disturbing hauntings", "48H2EfKvPlE-00003-00001480-00002056": "it now warns off any paranormal investigators from entering their property limits our goal", "48H2EfKvPlE-00004-00002056-00002536": "is to meet all of the spirit residents but it seems they wish to make their presence known", "48H2EfKvPlE-00005-00002600-00003104": "first it's literally a whole village that's got ghosts just everywhere literally every corner", "48H2EfKvPlE-00006-00003104-00003711": "that you go on there's a ghost or a ghost story or a sighting or something no way what i knew it", "48H2EfKvPlE-00007-00003824-00004528": "yo oh wow if all three rainbows go off there's a third one okay all three go off we are adding", "48H2EfKvPlE-00008-00004528-00004920": "i'm not sure what it is but it's around it and it's walking around somewhere in front of me", "48H2EfKvPlE-00009-00005144-00005784": "right just like that device if you want to stop asking questions and drop it", "48H2EfKvPlE-00010-00008200-00008976": "dedicated to finding proof of the paranormal tonight's investigation takes place at pluckley", "48H2EfKvPlE-00011-00008976-00009592": "village dead residents hey everyone before we start the video i just want to let you know", "48H2EfKvPlE-00012-00009592-00010200": "that our december mystery box is currently right now available you can go there and pick one up", "48H2EfKvPlE-00013-00010200-00010736": "every single box that we make has brand new items and brand new designs you will never get any of", "48H2EfKvPlE-00014-00010736-00011512": "our previous old gear anything like that but this time around as a december christmas giving cool", "48H2EfKvPlE-00015-00011512-00012040": "thing we are giving away to one person who owed us a mystery box and you're gonna win", "48H2EfKvPlE-00016-00012096-00012776": "this mural i have obviously had it since we made it and i think in 2018 it's been in here with us", "48H2EfKvPlE-00017-00012776-00013240": "every time we pack an order we look at it this is literally where we do all of your orders it's", "48H2EfKvPlE-00018-00013240-00013656": "gonna be a random raffle you don't need to enter a code we're literally just gonna email someone", "48H2EfKvPlE-00019-00013656-00014040": "and go hey you won and if you want it then we're gonna figure out how to get it to you that person", "48H2EfKvPlE-00020-00014040-00014400": "doesn't want it we're gonna email the next person and the next person until someone says hey i want", "48H2EfKvPlE-00021-00014400-00015000": "the murals go into someone else's home and be cherished and you know it's pretty neat hopefully", "48H2EfKvPlE-00022-00015000-00015456": "you pick up a mystery box but if you don't i appreciate all of your support and of course", "48H2EfKvPlE-00023-00015456-00016184": "enjoy the rest of what's up everyone and welcome back to the overnight channel we are still in the", "48H2EfKvPlE-00024-00016184-00016832": "middle of our uk series and we had to make a stop somewhere where paranormal investigators are not", "48H2EfKvPlE-00025-00016832-00017384": "welcomed this is pluckley village that we're about to be entering literally considered an", "48H2EfKvPlE-00026-00017384-00018312": "entire haunted city with bars churches forests numerous locations in the entire town and they", "48H2EfKvPlE-00027-00018312-00018816": "just don't want to acknowledge that their town is haunted and they do whatever they can including", "48H2EfKvPlE-00028-00018816-00019376": "hiring security guards at all of their haunted locations to make sure no one can do any form of", "48H2EfKvPlE-00029-00019376-00019856": "an investigation worst job ever stay here where it's haunted make sure nobody finds out at home", "48H2EfKvPlE-00030-00019992-00020568": "nope that's actually a fair point yeah so we're gonna try and see as much of it as we can and hope", "48H2EfKvPlE-00031-00020568-00021176": "we don't run into security you've been here before right yeah i came here and i i booked her like 10", "48H2EfKvPlE-00032-00021176-00021736": "minutes into it there was just people stirring on like they come out of the house they would come", "48H2EfKvPlE-00033-00021736-00022280": "out the house and they would stand there and just watch and watch every movement you make until you", "48H2EfKvPlE-00034-00022280-00022920": "leave it's a bit hostile oh you you have no idea so you voluntarily left yeah yeah i left i yeah", "48H2EfKvPlE-00035-00022920-00023352": "i didn't want anything to do with it what'd you think they were gonna do to you though pitchforks", "48H2EfKvPlE-00036-00023512-00024008": "what time at night did you show up it's 7 p.m oh so it's one in the morning for us right now in the", "48H2EfKvPlE-00037-00024008-00024528": "morning so you're going to get the glitching hour it's 1 30. i was like is it really that late so", "48H2EfKvPlE-00038-00024528-00025016": "maybe they're all asleep by now with that being said we're probably going to be filming this in", "48H2EfKvPlE-00039-00025016-00025512": "in night vision because this giant light is a beacon to everyone that lives in the city", "48H2EfKvPlE-00040-00025512-00025983": "great so pitch black awesome first stop is going to be the screaming woods", "48H2EfKvPlE-00041-00025983-00026488": "perfect we were given a pin that was dropped to us and we're going to meet up with our guide there", "48H2EfKvPlE-00042-00026488-00027032": "who's going to help us try and navigate this as best we can fantastic so night vision cameras", "48H2EfKvPlE-00043-00027032-00027624": "sls system set up all the ghost tools on a little satchel bag and we're gonna go", "48H2EfKvPlE-00044-00027624-00028080": "in do as much as we can and keep seeing as many places as we can yeah let's just hope", "48H2EfKvPlE-00045-00028080-00028656": "that they're not like in their 80s or like 70s because they're gonna wake up in like two hours", "48H2EfKvPlE-00046-00028872-00029504": "to get the early bird special at denny's yeah they're heading straight to denny's let's see", "48H2EfKvPlE-00047-00029504-00030039": "as much of pluckley village as we can let's hop in the motorhome and we got a little bit of a drive", "48H2EfKvPlE-00048-00030039-00030544": "and let's do this can we just drive through the workforce you want to drive yeah i don't think", "48H2EfKvPlE-00049-00030544-00031024": "there's a cloud on the way yeah let's go through it yeah i can barely drive through the london", "48H2EfKvPlE-00050-00031024-00031552": "roads and you want me to drive through a forest it'd probably be easier for you you tried okay", "48H2EfKvPlE-00051-00031608-00032264": "a few hours east of london resides a village known as pluckley which was even titled the most haunted", "48H2EfKvPlE-00052-00032264-00032856": "village in britain a few decades ago the reason for our visit tonight is not for a single town", "48H2EfKvPlE-00053-00032856-00033448": "but for the 12 known hauntings that have existed there for far more than decades the history of", "48H2EfKvPlE-00054-00033448-00034048": "this haunted city stretches backwards nearly 1 000 years where it was written about in a middle", "48H2EfKvPlE-00055-00034048-00034792": "english book from 1086 titled doomsday a fitting birthplace for all of the horror that now resides", "48H2EfKvPlE-00056-00034792-00035352": "within it with that comes a paralleled theory that the physical location of the village itself", "48H2EfKvPlE-00057-00035408-00036088": "is a sanctuary for paranormal activity due to its magnetism and geological features if we believe", "48H2EfKvPlE-00058-00036088-00036608": "that those in the spirit realm need energy and fuel to thrive the same way the living do", "48H2EfKvPlE-00059-00036608-00037168": "then pluckley village has plenty for them to feast upon in fact 12 known hauntings have been", "48H2EfKvPlE-00060-00037168-00037736": "feeding from the small town for centuries they now have street crossings and forests named after the", "48H2EfKvPlE-00061-00037736-00038336": "frequency of their visits right corner and the screaming woods the residents of pluckley wish", "48H2EfKvPlE-00062-00038336-00038912": "to minimize the amount of paranormal investigators that visit their small community in hopes that if", "48H2EfKvPlE-00063-00038912-00039504": "it's ignored for long enough it might go away our visit tonight will not be with permission from the", "48H2EfKvPlE-00064-00039504-00040144": "town but we couldn't pass the opportunity to visit this legendary place to try and find proof of the", "48H2EfKvPlE-00065-00040144-00040656": "afterlife here are some of the known ghosts of pluckley that we should all be keeping in mind", "48H2EfKvPlE-00066-00040656-00041216": "throughout the investigation the screaming man smothered by a drying clay wall that fell on him", "48H2EfKvPlE-00067-00041216-00041728": "his screams are now heard coming from his final resting place with his ghost occasionally walking", "48H2EfKvPlE-00068-00041728-00042392": "the ground watercress lady a resident of bright corner she made her living selling watercresses", "48H2EfKvPlE-00069-00042392-00043000": "at the crossroads until she accidentally lit herself on fire with the whiskey she was drinking", "48H2EfKvPlE-00070-00043000-00043584": "to then perish the red and the white lady both of the daring family and known to", "48H2EfKvPlE-00071-00043584-00044080": "haunt the saint nicholas church both passing away with immense grief still in their hearts", "48H2EfKvPlE-00072-00044144-00044808": "it is said that they were buried within layers of lead coffins then placed inside an oak coffin this", "48H2EfKvPlE-00073-00044808-00045272": "was to prevent their bodies from decomposing and could be the reason they have been trapped", "48H2EfKvPlE-00074-00045272-00045904": "within the churchyard tied directly to their mysterious fates is the red lady of rose court", "48H2EfKvPlE-00075-00045904-00046512": "suspected of being a mistress to the daring family and a love triangle until she used poisonous", "48H2EfKvPlE-00076-00046512-00047184": "berries upon herself in the garden the highwayman another permanent guest of the fright corner", "48H2EfKvPlE-00077-00047184-00047672": "he was a lifelong criminal most well known for hiding behind a tree and then jumping out to", "48H2EfKvPlE-00078-00047672-00048272": "scare his victims to then rob them this was until he was no longer able to jump from behind the tree", "48H2EfKvPlE-00079-00048272-00048856": "as he was now pinned to it by a spear that was thrown into him stories believed this was done", "48H2EfKvPlE-00080-00048856-00049448": "by a town guard or possibly other thieves looking to end his reign upon the area", "48H2EfKvPlE-00081-00049448-00050088": "he is now seen abruptly jumping into the road to this day in an attempt to scare all that pass by", "48H2EfKvPlE-00082-00050152-00050768": "hence the name fright corner this is less than half of the known ghosts there have been frequent", "48H2EfKvPlE-00083-00050768-00051336": "sightings of a horse and carriage a phantom monk and a ghost of a man who took his own life within", "48H2EfKvPlE-00084-00051336-00051976": "the woods and is now seen aimlessly searching through them his sightings have been so vivid that", "48H2EfKvPlE-00085-00051976-00052616": "most thought he was truly just another resident of the town wandering around at night many others", "48H2EfKvPlE-00086-00052616-00053104": "have perished in the woods over the centuries simply getting lost while trying to cross them", "48H2EfKvPlE-00087-00053176-00053664": "never making their way out and the screaming woods is where we will start tonight there", "48H2EfKvPlE-00088-00053664-00054360": "are many tales of horror that live within pluckley village but this truly is a ghost town", "48H2EfKvPlE-00089-00054360-00054879": "welcome to the overnight channel dedicated to finding proof of the paranormal please", "48H2EfKvPlE-00090-00054879-00055440": "make sure to subscribe as we have brand new investigations and locations every week and", "48H2EfKvPlE-00091-00055440-00056024": "if you hear or see anything during this video that we do not please leave a comment and let us know", "48H2EfKvPlE-00092-00056096-00056624": "you guys don't have a rap battle about if you were a ghost about if we were ghosts like from the", "48H2EfKvPlE-00093-00056624-00057376": "perspective of two ghosts having a rap battle oh who's the better spookier ghost okay yeah i turned", "48H2EfKvPlE-00094-00057376-00058320": "on a scary movie i think it's called scream okay wait hold up matt what do i feel up in my spleen", "48H2EfKvPlE-00095-00058840-00059384": "i think i know what you're feeling it's way up in your spleen yeah hold up wait let me", "48H2EfKvPlE-00096-00059384-00060240": "see some id let me make sure you're 18. i was gonna be very good so i'm the worst", "48H2EfKvPlE-00097-00060240-00061104": "kind of ghost i'm a [ __ ] demon some give you nightmares i give you wet dreams evil semen", "48H2EfKvPlE-00098-00061479-00062144": "even though i'm dead i hope that you'll miss me but if you ever see me near", "48H2EfKvPlE-00099-00062144-00062367": "i hope that you'll kiss me", "48H2EfKvPlE-00100-00062760-00063424": "i'll launch your house i'll move your furniture you know me as a poltergeist i'm out here stealing", "48H2EfKvPlE-00101-00063424-00064384": "more souls than a vegas bank height god damn god damn i think we saw a car if there's one i'm gonna", "48H2EfKvPlE-00102-00064384-00065136": "hide okay it doesn't really matter to me because at the end of the night we're all about to ride", "48H2EfKvPlE-00103-00065336-00066016": "each other i don't need to be a ghost to get in your ear and yell boo oh what's that smell", "48H2EfKvPlE-00104-00066096-00066832": "did you just make a boo this is real spooky we're in the town of pluck but no matter how", "48H2EfKvPlE-00105-00066832-00067432": "the night goes we're all going back to the hotel to have some fun good luck you should probably all", "48H2EfKvPlE-00106-00067432-00068184": "right let's do it not the ghostbusters that's because despite some questionable websites", "48H2EfKvPlE-00107-00068184-00068784": "and social media groups claiming otherwise there are actually no ghosts in deering woody", "48H2EfKvPlE-00108-00070160-00070480": "good to see you yeah should we get further off the road or", "48H2EfKvPlE-00109-00070552-00071120": "yeah it was in the guinness book of records for having 12 ghosts and it's", "48H2EfKvPlE-00110-00071120-00071688": "literally a whole village that's got ghosts just everywhere so everywhere you go there's a ghost", "48H2EfKvPlE-00111-00071920-00072544": "literally just everywhere because it's a tiny place and the churchyard is haunted by two ghosts", "48H2EfKvPlE-00112-00072544-00073336": "the white lady the red lady yeah and the whole place it revolves around the derrick family so", "48H2EfKvPlE-00113-00073336-00073856": "this screaming woods where we are is actually called daring woods and the deering family were", "48H2EfKvPlE-00114-00073856-00074384": "the landowners and the gentry dating back a long long way and going through families", "48H2EfKvPlE-00115-00074456-00075072": "um the story of the the white lady and red lady was that she was the young bride", "48H2EfKvPlE-00116-00075160-00075816": "of lord darin she died very very young and she was apparently a very beautiful lady so to preserve", "48H2EfKvPlE-00117-00075816-00076608": "her beauty she got buried in three red croppings and then inside a wooden coffin to preserve her", "48H2EfKvPlE-00118-00076608-00077176": "beauty because i thought that was going to do it yeah so but it's you know and what happens", "48H2EfKvPlE-00119-00077176-00077800": "there is late at night there's tapping noises from her tomb no you know so you can actually", "48H2EfKvPlE-00120-00077800-00078392": "hear these tapping noises coming off and she's seen quite regularly walking around the church", "48H2EfKvPlE-00121-00078512-00078928": "so that's one really interesting story about like the durian family and the german ladies", "48H2EfKvPlE-00122-00078928-00079288": "the spirits that are in here and the ghosts are in here are from kind of almost like lost", "48H2EfKvPlE-00123-00079288-00079784": "souls because this was much much bigger in the old days and people came in here", "48H2EfKvPlE-00124-00079872-00080544": "got lost and never found their way out and they just died um the other uh really interesting", "48H2EfKvPlE-00125-00080544-00081064": "story about here was there was a colonel that committed suicide in here hung himself", "48H2EfKvPlE-00126-00081136-00081792": "and he seen regularly marching from except from the 1700s so he's sinned very very regularly", "48H2EfKvPlE-00127-00081792-00082336": "here wow so it's a real interesting place like literally every corner that you go on", "48H2EfKvPlE-00128-00082392-00082984": "there's a ghost or a ghost story or a sighting of something just outside here is fright corner", "48H2EfKvPlE-00129-00082984-00083504": "and there's the ghost of the highwayman and this is actually a true story of a guy richard dubois", "48H2EfKvPlE-00130-00083576-00084224": "who was a very very proficient highwayman uh i guess you know a robber of night time of horse", "48H2EfKvPlE-00131-00084224-00084760": "and carriages and what he used to do he had a very predictable method of doing his robberies he used", "48H2EfKvPlE-00132-00084760-00085336": "to hide in a tree wait for someone come along and then hold him up at knife point to rob them", "48H2EfKvPlE-00133-00085416-00085808": "he got so good at it did you see that yeah yeah yeah we're away", "48H2EfKvPlE-00134-00085864-00086536": "uh so he was so proficient at it he can't become predictable so the locals ambushed him", "48H2EfKvPlE-00135-00086592-00087136": "and then run a sword through him and pinned him to the tree that he used to hide in now the sightings", "48H2EfKvPlE-00136-00087136-00087664": "of him that are seeing very regularly recreate that sword battle you can actually hear the swords", "48H2EfKvPlE-00137-00087768-00088280": "going you know actually like a proper sword and that's scene just down here so wow that's a", "48H2EfKvPlE-00138-00088280-00089784": "great story should go deeper in because there's noises happening yeah yeah let's go in totally", "48H2EfKvPlE-00139-00092136-00092584": "how does it feel to you guys eerie definitely ears", "48H2EfKvPlE-00140-00093624-00093984": "is", "48H2EfKvPlE-00141-00095200-00095480": "yeah so it definitely works out here", "48H2EfKvPlE-00142-00095608-00096176": "but you got to be real real close i figured i'd turn down the brightness", "48H2EfKvPlE-00143-00096472-00097120": "oh what is it heard that is that an animal or is it i mean yes there are animals out", "48H2EfKvPlE-00144-00097120-00098184": "here that would make noises like that it's a water leader oh oh oh what you said it is", "48H2EfKvPlE-00145-00098960-00099584": "you're gonna have a bad time", "48H2EfKvPlE-00146-00100016-00100320": "no way what i knew it what is that look at this", "48H2EfKvPlE-00147-00100416-00100984": "two of them dude i had a feeling to just look up in the trees", "48H2EfKvPlE-00148-00101056-00101232": "wait what it's too big now", "48H2EfKvPlE-00149-00101808-00101864": "just did oh", "48H2EfKvPlE-00150-00102088-00102656": "i would have never thought to look up in the trees it was literally like", "48H2EfKvPlE-00151-00102968-00103368": "i would have never thought to look up did i literally just look", "48H2EfKvPlE-00152-00103583-00103783": "is this um", "48H2EfKvPlE-00153-00105168-00105511": "creep volcanic creatures just like kind of mythical", "48H2EfKvPlE-00154-00105511-00106008": "type creatures oh that kind of thing yeah yeah yeah spirit yeah okay gotcha", "48H2EfKvPlE-00155-00106488-00106583": "oh", "48H2EfKvPlE-00156-00107816-00108376": "who's here come forward can you wave to me can you wave hello", "48H2EfKvPlE-00157-00108600-00108664": "come forward", "48H2EfKvPlE-00158-00109016-00109383": "dude it's waving", "48H2EfKvPlE-00159-00109704-00110088": "can you come closer to us do you hear that yeah the wizard", "48H2EfKvPlE-00160-00110088-00110783": "yeah what's up came from you guys dude look at this what the hell", "48H2EfKvPlE-00161-00111352-00111792": "it's climbing the tree no no look did you just went", "48H2EfKvPlE-00162-00111792-00112376": "straight dude for climbing the train", "48H2EfKvPlE-00163-00112608-00112632": "dude", "48H2EfKvPlE-00164-00113344-00113632": "no way that wasn't one of us stepping", "48H2EfKvPlE-00165-00113935-00114511": "dude he's getting colder and older i went from 71. now it's a 68 almost 67.", "48H2EfKvPlE-00166-00114511-00114944": "did you guys see it climb through the tree as i asked it look wait run pops", "48H2EfKvPlE-00167-00115192-00115672": "no way that's where it's going dude there's a dome in there there's multiple right there", "48H2EfKvPlE-00168-00115744-00116383": "oh my god it's freezing right here 67 67 now dude l the temperature keeps dropping", "48H2EfKvPlE-00169-00117111-00117783": "facing straight towards 95 70 dude look at the temperature again pot again", "48H2EfKvPlE-00170-00118296-00118608": "so right now there's three rem pods set up around us so we're kind of making a", "48H2EfKvPlE-00171-00118696-00119400": "half circle perimeter dude look at the temperature it was at 70 when we stopped and we stepped here", "48H2EfKvPlE-00172-00119400-00120216": "can you climb up the 66.99 if it stops doesn't it like right now yeah yo it's literally just waving", "48H2EfKvPlE-00173-00120383-00120856": "i've never thought about that only for those that walk yo", "48H2EfKvPlE-00174-00121072-00121280": "can you put both of your hands above your head", "48H2EfKvPlE-00175-00121368-00122024": "so i can make sure that i'm looking at you to put both of your hands in the air 65 dude", "48H2EfKvPlE-00176-00122440-00122608": "we close enough to the road to hear that", "48H2EfKvPlE-00177-00122864-00122935": "what was that", "48H2EfKvPlE-00178-00123320-00123464": "okay they're standing on each other", "48H2EfKvPlE-00179-00123696-00124783": "yeah it's still dropping i can feel the cold again right can i breathe", "48H2EfKvPlE-00180-00125424-00125759": "so the long red beep is a one degree temperature drop oh is that what it is", "48H2EfKvPlE-00181-00125759-00126272": "it's dropping 0.2 every like 10 seconds so that means in a minute there you go", "48H2EfKvPlE-00182-00126688-00127176": "yo what is that no look on my screen in the middle of it", "48H2EfKvPlE-00183-00127424-00127583": "you see that", "48H2EfKvPlE-00184-00128048-00128383": "something getting close to it and if it lights up a color it means something's right there", "48H2EfKvPlE-00185-00128440-00128911": "we're standing just over there this feeling is not here yeah you have to look", "48H2EfKvPlE-00186-00129832-00130383": "that's pretty cool there's a flash over there yep", "48H2EfKvPlE-00187-00131112-00131784": "at the same time", "48H2EfKvPlE-00188-00131872-00131968": "they set off two red", "48H2EfKvPlE-00189-00132544-00132872": "if all three ramp ups go off there's a third one out there", "48H2EfKvPlE-00190-00132960-00133336": "yeah right now we've had the right and left if all three go up we are out of here", "48H2EfKvPlE-00191-00133616-00133768": "have you not found them in the trees anymore", "48H2EfKvPlE-00192-00134008-00134624": "maybe they're not retrieved anyway yeah it's kind of almost like surrounding it's like the rem pods", "48H2EfKvPlE-00193-00134624-00135256": "are going off and that's what i feel like it feels like we're being surrounded is it negative it", "48H2EfKvPlE-00194-00135256-00135624": "doesn't feel too negative but it feels like it's sitting and waiting to see what we're gonna do", "48H2EfKvPlE-00195-00135744-00136240": "what do you think the worst thing that happens is if it does surround us i think it's going to", "48H2EfKvPlE-00196-00136240-00136768": "interact with us i mean it might push or pull us or something like that or make us feel really cold", "48H2EfKvPlE-00197-00136840-00137456": "it's definitely cold but this is this is a hot spot i mean i've been here a lot of times over", "48H2EfKvPlE-00198-00137456-00138016": "there feels completely different as soon as you come here and one like 30 feet away yeah here", "48H2EfKvPlE-00199-00138016-00138784": "right here what do you what do you think it is about this area that makes it so active i think", "48H2EfKvPlE-00200-00139968-00140624": "we're in the middle of the forest there's no magnets there's nothing to touch these things", "48H2EfKvPlE-00201-00140624-00141368": "there's no electricity that's wild you're climbing up this tree oh my god it just came back", "48H2EfKvPlE-00202-00141440-00141944": "thank you it went from the ground to the tree dude it hasn't shown in", "48H2EfKvPlE-00203-00141944-00142296": "probably five minutes and i just said that cory what if that's not someone climbing", "48H2EfKvPlE-00204-00142680-00142984": "dude right now the sls is matching where the rem pod is", "48H2EfKvPlE-00205-00143112-00143544": "cause it's cheating a little bit it's interesting that it went from one red pod to the other they", "48H2EfKvPlE-00206-00143544-00143952": "haven't gone off at the same time as if they made it circle around the back of us dude", "48H2EfKvPlE-00207-00143952-00144384": "they've been gone off this for five minutes and as i said that it came back that was incredible", "48H2EfKvPlE-00208-00144816-00145280": "oh that was the sec the third rem pod wait really yeah that was a different", "48H2EfKvPlE-00209-00145280-00145848": "noise that was the coffin one no that wasn't going to be my next question", "48H2EfKvPlE-00210-00145960-00146496": "so when i feel things i start to get a union in my ears my ears are ringing", "48H2EfKvPlE-00211-00146760-00147448": "there's the k2 k2 and it's a 64. it's it's really around us because my ears", "48H2EfKvPlE-00212-00147448-00148088": "are you know like how people get tightness is it yeah tinnitus yeah my ears when things are coming", "48H2EfKvPlE-00213-00148088-00148640": "close my ears start to ring sixty three point eight it's dropping it's dropped nine degrees", "48H2EfKvPlE-00214-00148640-00149232": "what is it that you feel is coming i'm not i'm not sure what it is whether it's it's a", "48H2EfKvPlE-00215-00149232-00149728": "kind of a spirit person or an animal spirit but it's around it and it's walking around", "48H2EfKvPlE-00216-00149920-00150472": "i love how this assignment says it's not haunting you hearing it yeah just the foxes who's they", "48H2EfKvPlE-00217-00150472-00151024": "kidding and we've had every single device we put out every single kind go off consistently", "48H2EfKvPlE-00218-00151328-00151384": "come forward", "48H2EfKvPlE-00219-00151616-00151840": "come forward 63.6", "48H2EfKvPlE-00220-00152056-00152152": "come closer to us", "48H2EfKvPlE-00221-00152416-00152480": "i mean no", "48H2EfKvPlE-00222-00152752-00152944": "i'm harm put a cap on right in front of us", "48H2EfKvPlE-00223-00153416-00153944": "what's the temperature it's just three point three stable it corrupts can we turn off", "48H2EfKvPlE-00224-00153944-00154400": "the tablet for a minute kill the light like uh there's a button on the side right bottom right", "48H2EfKvPlE-00225-00154536-00154680": "inside right here yeah", "48H2EfKvPlE-00226-00155040-00155720": "okay it feels warmer and lighter a little bit if you sit down when it goes off yeah i'm still here", "48H2EfKvPlE-00227-00155936-00155976": "all right", "48H2EfKvPlE-00228-00156288-00156688": "that's both that's the closest they've ever gone okay if it does a third one i'm gonna lose", "48H2EfKvPlE-00229-00156872-00157136": "because i literally just said something in my head and then they started", "48H2EfKvPlE-00230-00157400-00158000": "where'd you stay in your head it's like can you show me", "48H2EfKvPlE-00231-00158168-00158584": "i said can you show me powerful you are can you make all three possible", "48H2EfKvPlE-00232-00158584-00159256": "ones that's right this never happened just did two i mean these things are 30 feet apart each", "48H2EfKvPlE-00233-00159464-00160224": "it did that's one no dude you just know i said it in my head and it just went one two now three it", "48H2EfKvPlE-00234-00160224-00160920": "did it i didn't even say it out loud it just did what i asked and they haven't went off in what", "48H2EfKvPlE-00235-00160984-00161480": "five minutes yeah as soon as i finish saying that in my head that one goes off", "48H2EfKvPlE-00236-00161728-00161824": "if you're out here", "48H2EfKvPlE-00237-00162104-00162616": "you're watching us place a really small device just like the others", "48H2EfKvPlE-00238-00162824-00162928": "somewhere in front of me", "48H2EfKvPlE-00239-00163176-00163280": "just like that device", "48H2EfKvPlE-00240-00163504-00164352": "there's another one a few feet in front of us if you get close to that one instead it'll be", "48H2EfKvPlE-00241-00164904-00165384": "could you bring yourself over here", "48H2EfKvPlE-00242-00166024-00166392": "yep there's the second one that's great that's the second", "48H2EfKvPlE-00243-00166616-00166784": "i know we're going back and forth now", "48H2EfKvPlE-00244-00167152-00168184": "can you make them both go off at the same time that hasn't happened yet huh no", "48H2EfKvPlE-00245-00168592-00168704": "switch back to the other one", "48H2EfKvPlE-00246-00168984-00169584": "are you moving that quickly", "48H2EfKvPlE-00247-00171160-00171600": "can you reach out and grab his hand it's right next to you", "48H2EfKvPlE-00248-00172096-00172688": "put your hand down he's got his arms crossed yeah i think it's like nervous or cold well", "48H2EfKvPlE-00249-00172688-00173024": "i want to see if it'll reach out to me put your hair is your hand back away oh", "48H2EfKvPlE-00250-00173304-00173376": "i'm not moving it", "48H2EfKvPlE-00251-00173712-00174192": "oh it's bad taller yeah this one's like 10 feet tall", "48H2EfKvPlE-00252-00175048-00175608": "whoa it's crawling to you it's cool i've never seen this dude it's literally", "48H2EfKvPlE-00253-00175608-00176032": "crawling okay with the mouse hold back to the tree it's okay you can come over here", "48H2EfKvPlE-00254-00176344-00176744": "i'd love to interact with you you have permission", "48H2EfKvPlE-00255-00176968-00177128": "it's touching you bro it's got your hand", "48H2EfKvPlE-00256-00177392-00177984": "yeah it's like on your hand can you climb on top of him", "48H2EfKvPlE-00257-00179256-00179672": "he's gone you can come back sorry this is just new", "48H2EfKvPlE-00258-00180208-00180544": "i'm not sure you said people andy you said people who just get lost in here right", "48H2EfKvPlE-00259-00180544-00181024": "yeah they just they just lost it they got lost so lost and they're just", "48H2EfKvPlE-00260-00181024-00181480": "that they just couldn't find their way out and just died it was that expansive yeah", "48H2EfKvPlE-00261-00181768-00182184": "too well if you're still lost in here we can guide you out", "48H2EfKvPlE-00262-00182648-00182808": "we can guide you out of the forest", "48H2EfKvPlE-00263-00183160-00183600": "what's that you notice that since it's the next moon on the run pods have gone off mm-hmm", "48H2EfKvPlE-00264-00183824-00184192": "can you grab his hand you can reach out and grab my hands", "48H2EfKvPlE-00265-00184432-00184912": "right as you mentioned the rim pods prove me wrong now there's one behind you there's something over", "48H2EfKvPlE-00266-00186200-00186504": "i wonder if it's like coming to like protect whoever is next to us", "48H2EfKvPlE-00267-00187064-00187784": "same time okay we don't mean your friends any harm that's why you're coming closer", "48H2EfKvPlE-00268-00187984-00188576": "we're here to help he's in here temperatures are still jumping it's getting cold as hell isn't", "48H2EfKvPlE-00269-00188576-00189296": "it it's going down by the second we're here to help maybe you don't want your friend to leave", "48H2EfKvPlE-00270-00189560-00189680": "yep came back", "48H2EfKvPlE-00271-00189928-00190408": "every time it comes back the rem pots go off and the temperature drops again 64.9 oh it", "48H2EfKvPlE-00272-00190408-00190936": "just dropped i just dropped point five degrees and one jump following me or not like four uh", "48H2EfKvPlE-00273-00191104-00191456": "dude it's like onion dude", "48H2EfKvPlE-00274-00191688-00191872": "you saw that yeah it was awning dude", "48H2EfKvPlE-00275-00193264-00193472": "ran by it just enough to give it enough of a", "48H2EfKvPlE-00276-00193976-00194344": "if you have the ability to come closer to this device", "48H2EfKvPlE-00277-00194432-00194784": "i'll show you where it is i need to actually find it myself", "48H2EfKvPlE-00278-00195432-00196184": "there's now two there's two of them", "48H2EfKvPlE-00279-00197032-00197584": "wow", "48H2EfKvPlE-00280-00198288-00198984": "right there", "48H2EfKvPlE-00281-00199072-00199784": "it's behind you elson has been in front of me this way i think to your left yeah", "48H2EfKvPlE-00282-00199784-00200320": "if you're still facing away from us then yes you're left on the ground right near the rim", "48H2EfKvPlE-00283-00200320-00201784": "now it's gone so close to the run pop then if you get sls and red pot at the same time", "48H2EfKvPlE-00284-00202488-00203184": "um", "48H2EfKvPlE-00285-00203536-00203744": "you want the ability to communicate with us", "48H2EfKvPlE-00286-00203952-00204160": "verbally through language", "48H2EfKvPlE-00287-00204368-00204664": "we have a different device here that'll let you do that since we haven't", "48H2EfKvPlE-00288-00204760-00204919": "given you the opportunity yet", "48H2EfKvPlE-00289-00205176-00205304": "now we're going to turn this on", "48H2EfKvPlE-00290-00205671-00205984": "and it's going to scan through all of the radio waves", "48H2EfKvPlE-00291-00206319-00206760": "if you hear a word that you want to use you can project it through the device", "48H2EfKvPlE-00292-00206904-00207384": "you can come closer if you want i know you're closer because the devices won't beep anymore", "48H2EfKvPlE-00293-00209136-00209423": "could you tell us what kind of spirit or entity you are", "48H2EfKvPlE-00294-00209984-00211608": "picture them what picture then that's what i said", "48H2EfKvPlE-00295-00211608-00211936": "you clarify and let us know what you are", "48H2EfKvPlE-00296-00212144-00212223": "you a person", "48H2EfKvPlE-00297-00212696-00212984": "a spirit", "48H2EfKvPlE-00298-00213264-00214384": "something beyond that", "48H2EfKvPlE-00299-00214519-00214736": "you want us to stop asking questions and drop it", "48H2EfKvPlE-00300-00215319-00215400": "we're able to help", "48H2EfKvPlE-00301-00215648-00215784": "i was offering to help", "48H2EfKvPlE-00302-00219800-00220432": "nobody heard no dude it wasn't the rim pod it was up in the tree did none of you all hear", "48H2EfKvPlE-00303-00220432-00221167": "it i know i heard it sounded like a like a dude but no there is a fl wow what was that what the", "48H2EfKvPlE-00304-00221167-00221519": "[ __ ] was that why is it a flashlight no it wasn't going crazy that's not the right pause", "48H2EfKvPlE-00305-00221736-00222216": "wait what you you guys just saw that right it lasted the whole tree is it the wrong part", "48H2EfKvPlE-00306-00222280-00223232": "showing up on your camera like uh no it won't be the led flash yes oh it did", "48H2EfKvPlE-00307-00223376-00223880": "if you're looking for a way out of the forest you're welcome to follow us out of the forest", "48H2EfKvPlE-00308-00223944-00224592": "and that's it you are not allowed to follow us home you are not allowed to follow us home", "48H2EfKvPlE-00309-00224816-00225192": "yeah yeah i don't smell that i smell wet dog", "48H2EfKvPlE-00310-00225408-00225767": "huh was really about to ask to make a beef i could find it", "48H2EfKvPlE-00311-00226496-00226967": "thank you probably find it you were in my head you're just like they read our", "48H2EfKvPlE-00312-00226967-00227288": "minds here i know it's like a second in the head like a second ahead of you", "48H2EfKvPlE-00313-00227519-00228384": "they can you guys come here you've never done this before what everyone's in there", "48H2EfKvPlE-00314-00228671-00229784": "and right here where are you taking it from i'm gonna take it from right there okay follow up", "48H2EfKvPlE-00315-00233208-00233784": "went up 4 degrees the temperature went up 4 degrees it went down 10 completely since we", "48H2EfKvPlE-00316-00233784-00234544": "got here and as we turned up all the devices come back down a little bit all right let's head out", "48H2EfKvPlE-00317-00235016-00235384": "dude it was like shape-shifting and then it was like", "48H2EfKvPlE-00318-00235904-00236456": "like a mystical creature yeah he said big cats which are you know a cryptid manifestation as well", "48H2EfKvPlE-00319-00236592-00238184": "yeah they're not supposed to be dangerous but they are supposed to be big", "48H2EfKvPlE-00320-00238360-00239064": "oh no way there's a swing set no way 3 13 in the morning right now are you serious", "48H2EfKvPlE-00321-00239064-00239584": "yeah oh my god it's 3 13. you see the swing setup", "48H2EfKvPlE-00322-00240304-00240400": "screaming gates", "48H2EfKvPlE-00323-00240688-00241464": "what is that it's a leopard yeah so it actually sits right on the lay lines oh wow", "48H2EfKvPlE-00324-00241464-00242384": "so it's just meant to pick up energy right now it's labyrinth carved out to see it changed", "48H2EfKvPlE-00325-00242984-00243288": "why would they do that exactly because they believe in spirits", "48H2EfKvPlE-00326-00243928-00244232": "wow look at this i was not expecting this", "48H2EfKvPlE-00327-00244888-00245184": "dude first the second", "48H2EfKvPlE-00328-00245319-00246584": "right where that tune is there is a body just laying in front of the tube like a stick figure", "48H2EfKvPlE-00329-00249344-00249840": "it shines out the tree i mean it's kind of like a sort of almost like", "48H2EfKvPlE-00330-00249840-00250280": "a torch light but it's in the very top window and you all you see is just the", "48H2EfKvPlE-00331-00250280-00250784": "torch light lighting up it's not like a light shining out it just introduces the light up", "48H2EfKvPlE-00332-00252152-00252736": "i mean i've done various experiments and i've done ouija board sessions in here oh geez um and", "48H2EfKvPlE-00333-00252736-00253223": "we have got some quite strong messages from dear and family egg white they spout out their name", "48H2EfKvPlE-00334-00253496-00253584": "is pretty oh", "48H2EfKvPlE-00335-00253776-00254208": "we used to do um like ghost nights in the pub over there", "48H2EfKvPlE-00336-00254208-00254736": "and we used to come over here as part of the evening but um that puffed the black horses out", "48H2EfKvPlE-00337-00254888-00255767": "a little room in the top of it called the secret room um and the highwayman um used to", "48H2EfKvPlE-00338-00255767-00256408": "practice the cult practices up in that little room there's a great sort of story around all of that", "48H2EfKvPlE-00339-00256408-00257064": "got poltergeist in there as well oh wow just move things around we would like trying to renegotiate", "48H2EfKvPlE-00340-00257064-00257440": "to go back in there through the ghost nights and they're not really that interested in doing it", "48H2EfKvPlE-00341-00257560-00257919": "leaders of color said no a couple of days later they asked us to go in there to see if we could", "48H2EfKvPlE-00342-00257919-00258536": "clear the stuff how convenient yeah did you ask what happened what made you change your mind", "48H2EfKvPlE-00343-00258640-00259056": "they um they got a rottweiler this rottweiler this particular spot in there", "48H2EfKvPlE-00344-00259056-00259616": "where activity happens and their dog was absolutely fixed on this spot barking", "48H2EfKvPlE-00345-00259704-00260088": "i don't know why i feel like there's something in the animal world that they can just they can", "48H2EfKvPlE-00346-00260088-00260632": "just send something significantly stronger than we can and they're also like more simple-minded", "48H2EfKvPlE-00347-00260632-00261128": "they don't tend to overthink exactly if you imagine their physical senses are stronger than", "48H2EfKvPlE-00348-00261128-00261984": "ours now", "48H2EfKvPlE-00349-00262168-00263384": "that's like every horror movie oh so that's a dog", "48H2EfKvPlE-00350-00264032-00264624": "and i was gone now it's going did you get that yeah that's the third time what'd you say", "48H2EfKvPlE-00351-00265816-00266384": "it's back it's laying in the grave can you stand up and walk towards me", "48H2EfKvPlE-00352-00266600-00267584": "you don't have to be scared we mean no harm at all", "48H2EfKvPlE-00353-00268672-00268984": "that's bad luck", "48H2EfKvPlE-00354-00270088-00271784": "did you see that seven dude they're both laying oh mike just turned on oh they're so welcome", "48H2EfKvPlE-00355-00273864-00274584": "so", "48H2EfKvPlE-00356-00275096-00275120": "what", "48H2EfKvPlE-00357-00275712-00276008": "what are you choking right now what", "48H2EfKvPlE-00358-00276224-00276488": "what's what i was", "48H2EfKvPlE-00359-00276856-00277328": "i thought elton was standing next to me and i was just staring at him i'm like", "48H2EfKvPlE-00360-00277536-00277584": "come here", "48H2EfKvPlE-00361-00277840-00278048": "and i look over and all you guys are over there", "48H2EfKvPlE-00362-00278616-00278768": "do you know what happened now", "48H2EfKvPlE-00363-00279104-00279416": "i'm standing right here and i was watching too", "48H2EfKvPlE-00364-00279536-00280264": "just laying down in their craze i turned my right leg like four feet away oh my gosh", "48H2EfKvPlE-00365-00280264-00280688": "look at this go back and i keep looking at it you're gonna walk over and i'm like dude look", "48H2EfKvPlE-00366-00280688-00281240": "at this and you're still just standing there so then i turned this way and every single one of you", "48H2EfKvPlE-00367-00281296-00281816": "are walking i thought evan was to my left and i thought you were standing to my right yeah", "48H2EfKvPlE-00368-00281920-00282440": "like 15 minutes ago no i did i swear to god there was no one i figured i thought", "48H2EfKvPlE-00369-00282928-00284384": "i was talking to you you learned i thought", "48H2EfKvPlE-00370-00285352-00286064": "i go back to looking at this and it's still try and i write again going go yo elephant look", "48H2EfKvPlE-00371-00286064-00286360": "then i turn to my left and every single one of y'all are walking", "48H2EfKvPlE-00372-00286600-00287064": "dude i was literally talking to something standing there i thought it was you", "48H2EfKvPlE-00373-00287376-00287856": "so you get to experience things that you wouldn't otherwise i know it's not like we", "48H2EfKvPlE-00374-00287856-00288296": "don't believe you i know you believe me it just makes me mad no one else saw it", "48H2EfKvPlE-00375-00288360-00288584": "had anyone else been there to see it no one would have seen it", "48H2EfKvPlE-00376-00288800-00289464": "so but i thought i was talking to you and you were just ignoring me and it was a good one yeah", "48H2EfKvPlE-00377-00289616-00289984": "life just turned on over there", "48H2EfKvPlE-00378-00291880-00292784": "uh", "48H2EfKvPlE-00379-00293896-00294200": "maybe i think we're gonna head out before we push our luck", "48H2EfKvPlE-00380-00294200-00294720": "we got a long trip ahead of us yeah we're here to just start uh in town somewhere i", "48H2EfKvPlE-00381-00294720-00295056": "don't even know we'll sleep for a few hours when we're heading to the poltergeist house", "48H2EfKvPlE-00382-00295056-00295584": "that's where we're sleeping tomorrow great actually in the house yeah oh wow", "48H2EfKvPlE-00383-00296184-00296984": "thank you very much", "48H2EfKvPlE-00384-00297496-00297936": "did you guys turn out at all your picture yeah yeah i'm blurry thanks for", "48H2EfKvPlE-00385-00297936-00298384": "kind of thanks for taking my first bad photo in a longer in a very long time", "48H2EfKvPlE-00386-00298456-00299296": "this guy look at you meet me on blurry.com oh yeah look at the jacket i changed the ah", "48H2EfKvPlE-00387-00299376-00300216": "your face looks terrifying i mean i love her yeah right i'm just the tiniest little thing and the", "48H2EfKvPlE-00388-00300216-00301184": "only lit up is part of the tree it's interesting keep those maybe they'll develop better", "48H2EfKvPlE-00389-00302856-00302864": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "48SG0v_vYMI", "text": {"48SG0v_vYMI-00000-00000588-00001032": "Jag kom själv i kontakt med Alex hans projekt i somras -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00001-00001032-00001408": "när jag var med på en digital virtuell arkeologikonferans i Storbritannien.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00002-00001408-00001884": "Jag var ute och gick i någon vacker, blommande Gotländskt -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00003-00001884-00002252": "änge när kopplade in mig på det här. Jag var lite tveksam i början,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00004-00002252-00002784": "är inte Minecraft sådant som barn leker med, kan det vara någonting?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00005-00002784-00003112": "Men jag var positivt överraskad,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00006-00003115-00003444": "och tyckte det var värt även för andra att ta del utav.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00007-00003444-00003784": "Hello everyone. Thank you for introducing me -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00008-00003784-00004140": "Victor. I'd just like to thank him to begin with for making me aware of -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00009-00004140-00004532": "this opportunity and for giving me the chance to talk to you all today.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00010-00004532-00005080": "It's a bit early in Britain, so forgive me if I look a bit tired.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00011-00005080-00005444": "I'll just get this screen share up.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00012-00005720-00006160": "And there we are. OK.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00013-00006376-00007056": "Right, 'Mortonia; Digital Archaeology in Storytelling.'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00014-00007072-00007352": "So before I begin, these are the topics I'm going -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00015-00007352-00007736": "to be covering in this webinar. In the interest of not leaving -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00016-00007736-00008216": "anyone behind or confusing anyone because I talk too fast or anything,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00017-00008216-00008544": "at the end of each topic, you can ask questions.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00018-00008544-00008840": "Just put your mics on and I'll be happy to answer any questions -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00019-00008840-00009296": "if I've confused anyone, because I'm sure I will at some point.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00020-00009296-00009560": "Let's just jump in.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00021-00009560-00009920": "Remember this image, I'll be coming back to this image.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00022-00009920-00010256": "But if you just keep it in the back of your mind, so it'll be helpful.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00023-00010256-00010936": "This image was taken about April, mid to late April 2019.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00024-00010936-00011340": "And you might be able to work out it's a little watchtower that at -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00025-00011340-00011768": "the time was part of a castle that was under construction.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00026-00011768-00012172": "So this was two years ago. This image is quite old.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00027-00012172-00012460": "If you didn't know, digital archaeology -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00028-00012460-00012888": "describes a number of things. It's quite an up and coming -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00029-00012888-00013140": "subtopic,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00030-00013140-00013440": "sub school. Andrew Reinhardt is, I think,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00031-00013440-00013691": "one of the leading voices, you may have heard of him.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00032-00013691-00014091": "Other than him, I'm not sure there's too many people involved pushing -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00033-00014091-00014496": "it towards the forefront of the wider archaeological spectrum.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00034-00014496-00014972": "It very much relates to anything to do with technology,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00035-00014972-00015447": "digital technology. It can relate to the physical excavations of -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00036-00015447-00015691": "landfill's made up of PlayStation's.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00037-00015691-00016312": "It can relate to excavations through layers of code inside a computer.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00038-00016312-00016688": "But what I'm going to be talking about today is using digital -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00039-00016688-00017288": "space to create something old. So the same way you'd go to Rome and -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00040-00017288-00017608": "you'd see the Colosseum and you'd go, 'oh, that's quite old,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00041-00017608-00017992": "that's impressive, but it's so old,' that same sort of logic.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00042-00017992-00018404": "But in a digital space, that's what I'm going to be talking about.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00043-00018404-00018612": "So,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00044-00018612-00019264": "I'm very keen not to talk too fast or go over the top with my descriptions.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00045-00019264-00019732": "Minecraft, it's a sandbox game made in 2009, by a Swedish -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00046-00019732-00020300": "person, actually. I think it's still made up of Swedish developers now.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00047-00020300-00020724": "Anyway, sandbox game, so you can basically do whatever you like on it.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00048-00020724-00021128": "There's no real purpose. You just create things and or destroy them.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00049-00021128-00021676": "Up to you. The terminology, some of this terminology, a Minecraft world -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00050-00021676-00022204": "is a digital sandbox that you create within the game. So it's just yours.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00051-00022204-00022812": "And you can turn that into a server to allow your friends to play.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00052-00022872-00023308": "Mine has 11 concurrent players on at one time.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00053-00023308-00023664": "Just go back. That gentleman there, that's Mortimer Wheeler,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00054-00023664-00024044": "which is where the name Mortionia comes from.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00055-00024044-00024628": "So one of the principles of this humble little game: building.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00056-00024628-00024900": "These are three examples of building a structure,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00057-00024900-00025216": "as you can see from the one on the bottom left, that's just a box.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00058-00025216-00025516": "You wouldn't really want to live there. But the one on the right.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00059-00025516-00026020": "Very nice. Imagine if that was real. Tasty.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00060-00026027-00026704": "Now, forgive me, this is the one area where people might get a bit lost.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00061-00026704-00027204": "But what inspired this whole digital history project?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00062-00027204-00027556": "Myself and the co-founder, Alex Beedle. We are both students -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00063-00027556-00027895": "of archaeology, so we've got a keen interest in old things.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00064-00027895-00028344": "We love digging up old stuff, talking about old stuff,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00065-00028344-00028904": "and we wondered how to convert that whole idea into a digital space.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00066-00028904-00029139": "And, you know, we're young adults,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00067-00029139-00029616": "we love gaming. It's just part of our generation, I guess.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00068-00029616-00030160": "There is this one ongoing project which I have no part in, but it was a -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00069-00030160-00030827": "direct inspiration called '2b2t.' It's a ten year old Minecraft world.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00070-00030827-00031200": "If I refer back to those definitions earlier, ten years old. And as you -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00071-00031200-00031832": "can see in the bottom right, it's had a vast timeline of events.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00072-00031844-00032172": "So in that regard, it's like sort of real history.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00073-00032172-00032520": "It's this condensed timeline, that's only occurring in this digital space.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00074-00032520-00032932": "It's quite interesting in that regard. We saw that and we were like,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00075-00032932-00033364": "what if we did that? But with an archaeological mindset?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00076-00033364-00033736": "There's some more examples. You get online -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00077-00033736-00034064": "historians who talk about this stuff.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00078-00034064-00034476": "It's just quite interesting, you know, because all this history,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00079-00034476-00034808": "all these people from around the world coming into a digital space -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00080-00034808-00035092": "and then leaving their mark. And then you have these amateur -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00081-00035092-00035388": "historians who make videos on it, in the same way you would watch a -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00082-00035388-00035908": "documentary on the Viking colony in Greenland, something like that.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00083-00035908-00036220": "Before I carry on, is everyone following?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00084-00036220-00036524": "Does anyone have any questions?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00085-00036728-00036968": "No?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00086-00037008-00037304": "Sure? Perfect.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00087-00037304-00037668": "So going back to what inspired this whole project to begin with,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00088-00037668-00038184": "my dissertation is on the Carolingian annals covering -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00089-00038184-00038652": "the Viking invasion of the Netherlands in the 9th century.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00090-00038652-00039048": "The whole idea of a contemporary individual recording every single -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00091-00039048-00039632": "event an annal. The pictures in the bottom right is the annals of St. Fulda.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00092-00039632-00039916": "That whole idea, but doing it in a digital space.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00093-00039916-00040708": "So creating a digital log of history, that was what inspired this project.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00094-00040716-00040972": "So here, I'm just going to talk a little bit about how to date -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00095-00040972-00041504": "something within Minecraft, within a digital space. On an excavation,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00096-00041504-00041820": "which I'm sure many of you have experts on,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00097-00041820-00042088": "I'm just an amateur still. But on an excavation,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00098-00042088-00042432": "you know, you can dig up a bit of clay or pottery and you can work out -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00099-00042432-00042760": "roughly what time period that's from,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00100-00042760-00043292": "based on the materials used, how it was constructed, the sort of style.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00101-00043292-00043896": "This structure was built in, once again, April 2019.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00102-00043896-00044368": "The materials used to create it, all of which existed before April -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00103-00044368-00044728": "twenty nineteen, and it's using none of the materials that were added -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00104-00044728-00045060": "after April 2019. So by looking at a structure like this,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00105-00045060-00045384": "you can work out that it cannot possibly be older than April 2019.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00106-00045384-00045864": "That's sort of how to date within this digital world,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00107-00045864-00046324": "which creates a sense of things being old or new.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00108-00046344-00046884": "It's more information, 685 days, that's more like 700 now,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00109-00046884-00047304": "because i last edited this about 15 days ago.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00110-00047304-00047684": "Those are the four main nationalities of people have been on the world,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00111-00047684-00048080": "that's Belgium, by the way, not Germany.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00112-00048080-00048524": "Two full years of digital history. So two full years of real -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00113-00048524-00048968": "world history isn't that much, but in a digital space,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00114-00048968-00049352": "let's say that's equivalent to 200 years or 2000 years.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00115-00049352-00049688": "A hundred and fifty two individual players have come on this -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00116-00049688-00050196": "project in those two years, only 11 max. at a time.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00117-00050196-00050456": "But still, each one of those has left their mark.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00118-00050456-00050920": "And you can see that in the archaeological impact on the world.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00119-00050956-00051500": "Here is an example of digital archaeology on a macro scale.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00120-00051500-00052016": "This right here is one castle that was built in April 2019.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00121-00052016-00052504": "It was constructed in April 2019. And as time has gone on, you can see it's -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00122-00052504-00052840": "developed very much in the same way a real castle would have developed over -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00123-00052840-00053332": "the years, as if constructed by, let's say, King George.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00124-00053332-00053888": "Another example William the Conqueror making his Norman longtowers.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00125-00054079-00054408": "Here, these two pictures, the castle has gone through two -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00126-00054408-00054891": "separate rulers, with different insignia being displayed on the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00127-00054891-00055204": "flags that hang up the signs, the banners.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00128-00055204-00055584": "That's an example of, you know, if you just walk up to this castle,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00129-00055584-00055979": "at that point, you think, the leadership's changed. The same way -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00130-00055979-00056260": "you have sweeping invasions of England across the years,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00131-00056260-00056755": "Vikings, Normans, Anglo-Saxons to begin with, Romans.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00132-00056755-00057016": "And this is quite interesting,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00133-00057016-00057320": "and i notice Zoom is obscuring the text a bit,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00134-00057320-00057688": "but I can still read it for you.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00135-00057688-00058136": "The change in flags here was between a marriage alliance -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00136-00058136-00058484": "between two players. They didn't actually get married in real life,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00137-00058484-00058991": "but it was part of that whole storytelling aspect of the world.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00138-00058991-00059324": "The gamification of these concepts,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00139-00059324-00059779": "the whole idea of any player can do whatever they like.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00140-00059779-00060128": "And it will be worked into the ever-evolving timeline of this world.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00141-00060128-00060655": "And these events happen, their impact stays forever.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00142-00060691-00060976": "A small example of something being -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00143-00060976-00061428": "constructed, this took about three months to build.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00144-00061508-00062028": "Here is a battlefield, or rather the preparations for a battlefield,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00145-00062028-00062412": "you only need to watch one medieval warfare movie, The Kingdom of Heaven -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00146-00062412-00062832": "or something, even Lord of the Rings, to recognize what's going on here.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00147-00062832-00063208": "You've got a curtain wall dividing one kingdom from another.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00148-00063208-00063632": "And the kingdom on the left, in the bottom pic, they have -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00149-00063632-00064016": "increased their garrison to the side in preparations for a battle.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00150-00064016-00064424": "So, yes, again, it's taking these real world concepts of medieval -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00151-00064424-00064948": "armies mustering against one another, but putting it in a digital space.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00152-00064967-00065367": "Oh, the Lord of the Rings mentioned comes back, um.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00153-00065367-00065696": "You may remember this if you watch the film.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00154-00065696-00065976": "There's a part where one kingdom needs to call the aid of another,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00155-00065976-00066360": "so they activate these Beacon Towers, which go all along the mountains -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00156-00066360-00066740": "there. That's a real thing in medieval times, of course,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00157-00066740-00067168": "particularly in the Far East. And this is another example of those same -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00158-00067168-00067620": "concepts being put into Minecraft. A bit different here, because you -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00159-00067620-00068212": "can't have an eternally burning pyre of logs. So you have a lump.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00160-00068212-00068656": "Here are just some random examples of archaeology being used,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00161-00068656-00068972": "archeological influences being used on this server.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00162-00068972-00069468": "That one in the bottom middle is based on an Assyrian siege tank,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00163-00069468-00069928": "which was featured in a mural from, it's not my area of expertise,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00164-00069928-00070684": "but I think from 6000 B.C., thereabouts. Top right, you've got,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00165-00070684-00071096": "so that was previously a World War One trench recreation,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00166-00071096-00071440": "but very much in the same way the some parts of the Somme were blown up,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00167-00071440-00071764": "there was a mass bomb underneath all of that ground that was -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00168-00071764-00072236": "then detonated and spread all of that debris everywhere.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00169-00072236-00072536": "We also got a river going on the bottom left,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00170-00072536-00072956": "and then a classic medieval castle on the bottom right.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00171-00073180-00073488": "But at the end of the day, this is just a simplistic game,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00172-00073488-00073888": "it's a game made up of blocks. You build anything,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00173-00073888-00074208": "but it's made up of blocks. So you can't make a true circle.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00174-00074208-00074736": "You can't do everything. You can't make honeyed pork. You can't -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00175-00074736-00075008": "do backflips. You can't do everything you want.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00176-00075008-00075272": "But these limitations make the idea,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00177-00075272-00075692": "as I said, porting these aspects of history into a digital space -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00178-00075692-00076008": "quite interesting, because you have to work with these limitations.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00179-00076008-00076320": "As you can see there in those diagrams, making something diagonal -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00180-00076320-00076804": "is a pain, because it just looks quite pixely from the side. And circles,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00181-00076804-00077232": "you've got to have charts to make sure it's even.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00182-00077232-00077592": "That's an example of a sphere.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00183-00077640-00077956": "And here's a hot air balloon someone tried to make,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00184-00077956-00078496": "obviously a real one wouldn't look quite as a blocky.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00185-00078564-00079000": "On the right, there, you can see a recreation of the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00186-00079000-00079696": "Pharos of Alexandria, which, like the real thing, became a ruin.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00187-00079696-00080116": "Again, this is another example of these real, legendary monuments -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00188-00080116-00080496": "from history, someone coming on the world and thinking: 'well,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00189-00080496-00081084": "that's cool, I'm going to build that.' And then history repeats.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00190-00081256-00081736": "Some further limitations of using this game as a storytelling -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00191-00081736-00082384": "device is lag. Now lag is an issue,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00192-00082384-00082684": "the more and more people who connect to this world,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00193-00082684-00083164": "the more lag there is. Tt takes the form of that it slows down everything.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00194-00083164-00083476": "So your connection doesn't work when you're trying to join,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00195-00083476-00083656": "when you are on there. It's really dodgy,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00196-00083656-00084008": "intermittent connection keeps kicking you off, that sort of thing.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00197-00084008-00084508": "And there's some terminology, again, I don't want to speed up and leave -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00198-00084508-00085140": "anyone in the dust. When you have too many entities in a world at the same -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00199-00085140-00085672": "time, an entity is a specific type of item that you can make in the game,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00200-00085672-00086068": "if you have too many of them, it can cause lag. You also get -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00201-00086068-00086480": "these things called 'chunk errors,' which I'll be going back to later.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00202-00086480-00086984": "These are, if I go back to those original pics. You see,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00203-00086984-00087384": "the terrain there looks quite natural, albeit blocky. Imagine if -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00204-00087384-00087908": "that terrain suddenly went snowy or turned into a desert for no reason.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00205-00087908-00088208": "That's an example of a chunk error, which is caused by lag.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00206-00088208-00088704": "So, again, these are the limitations of the software. Because it's -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00207-00088704-00089232": "now two years old, the file size of this project has quadrupled,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00208-00089232-00089792": "it's now so large that I can't just download it and preserve it.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00209-00089792-00090188": "So it has to be online at all times, which means you can't really -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00210-00090188-00090584": "eternally preserve anything. Because if someone wanted to destroy,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00211-00090584-00090980": "say, that castle at the start,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00212-00090980-00091476": "but much like in real life, you have to live with the consequences.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00213-00091476-00091820": "You can create a book in the game,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00214-00091820-00092316": "as you can see in the bottom, that can be used to write something.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00215-00092316-00092724": "I'll use that to create the in-game annals inspired by the Carolingian -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00216-00092724-00093092": "annals of real life. You can create poems. You can create anything.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00217-00093092-00093596": "You can write your own story. And that exists in-game in a book.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00218-00093596-00093972": "OK, now I'm going to be talking about the timeline of this two -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00219-00093972-00094356": "year period. Before I get into it, does anyone have any questions -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00220-00094356-00094828": "or anything they want cleared up before I get into the nitty gritty?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00221-00094828-00095092": "We have one question in the chat here.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00222-00095092-00095352": "'What about possibility of sound and sound effects,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00223-00095352-00095804": "talk, music is creative use a part of it?'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00224-00095804-00096124": "Sound as in talking to your friends or creating your own music,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00225-00096124-00096376": "that sort of thing?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00226-00096376-00096860": "I suppose, it doesn't really say, but sound effects, talk, music.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00227-00096860-00097280": "And if it's yeah, if it's Creative use -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00228-00097280-00097544": "as part of the game.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00229-00097544-00098288": "Might include soundscapes like sound of waves and winds and animals.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00230-00098288-00098572": "Oh I see. I see. There are a number of sound files -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00231-00098572-00098852": "in the game, so every animal will have a number of sound effects.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00232-00098852-00099276": "Chickens cluck, Pigs oink, etc.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00233-00099276-00099688": "Water has a sound effect, so there's not quite crushing waves,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00234-00099688-00100000": "but water will have a distinct sound effect if you're near it.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00235-00100000-00100352": "You can also create your own music in the game,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00236-00100352-00100752": "which is quite complex to do. Even I can't do it, but you can do it.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00237-00100752-00100956": "So there's a creative aspect there.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00238-00100956-00101344": "And just for clarification, you can talk to all your mates on it.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00239-00101344-00101760": "There's an in-game chat feature or you can open up second -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00240-00101760-00102048": "software such as Zoom and just talk to them through that.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00241-00102048-00102516": "I hope that answers your question, unless there's anything else.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00242-00102516-00103024": "As I can see in the chat, I think many participants are not very familiar -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00243-00103024-00103696": "with Minecraft per se, like what the game is about, how to start.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00244-00103696-00104059": "These buildings you can see, it's really impressive, even intimidating.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00245-00104059-00104588": "So how do you start, Alex? How did you get the idea to start this Mortonia -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00246-00104588-00105032": "tnd what were your buildings, some thoughts about it.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00247-00105032-00105252": "The first building I ever did on this game?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00248-00105252-00105552": "Well, I've been playing for a decade, because it's quite an -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00249-00105552-00106044": "old game. It's intuitive. So don't feel intimidated.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00250-00106044-00106328": "You can do whatever you like. You can come on and build a little block -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00251-00106328-00106759": "if you want, a little square house like that one we saw at the start.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00252-00106759-00107276": "But the stuff on Mortonia, I guess it's a little more advanced than the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00253-00107276-00107708": "beginner's stuff, but you can still join and there's no problem there.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00254-00107708-00107944": "As I said, it's an intuitive game, so you should be able to -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00255-00107944-00108300": "get into it from having very minimal experience of gaming.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00256-00108300-00108704": "Overall, I think Minecraft is the most popular game in -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00257-00108704-00109152": "the world because of that, because of how accessible it is.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00258-00109328-00109916": "Oh, there's another question. 'In which ways can popular culture affect -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00259-00109916-00110388": "positive, negative, neutral, the perception of his story? For example,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00260-00110388-00110868": "romantic scenes of specific times in history, such in Camelot,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00261-00110868-00111359": "stereotypes and battles, architecture constructed by the film industry?'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00262-00111359-00111588": "That's a brilliant question. I'll be I'll be coming to -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00263-00111588-00111940": "both archaeological and historical influences later.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00264-00111940-00112308": "If you want me to cover that now, I can, but that will be covered later -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00265-00112308-00112800": "and the blending of fantasy films and real history, and the romanticism -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00266-00112800-00113192": "of all that. I'll be getting to that later, if that's what.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00267-00113192-00113492": "Oh, there is one here watching together with his son, really -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00268-00113492-00114316": "fascinating. -Yeah, it's popular with the younger audiences, this game.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00269-00114448-00114840": "Small practical question here as well. Can anyone join Mortonia,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00270-00114840-00115359": "or is it password protected? No, anyone can join.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00271-00115359-00115652": "Victor, you have my contact details, so at the end of this,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00272-00115652-00115880": "if you could give them, I have no problem with that.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00273-00115880-00116320": "And if you email me, then I can let you join. All you need -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00274-00116320-00116783": "to do is purchase the game, which I think is about 20 quid, 20 pounds.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00275-00116783-00117248": "Sorry, British slang. Yeah, it's about 20 pounds,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00276-00117248-00117659": "and it runs on even low end laptops. Mine's not that good,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00277-00117659-00118059": "but mine runs very well. It can run on phones as well.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00278-00118059-00118640": "You can have it on your phone, your Xbox or PlayStation.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00279-00118640-00119116": "It runs on everything. So it's very easy to get in.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00280-00119148-00119532": "Thank you. That's all the questions for now. -Sure.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00281-00119532-00120116": "OK, the timeline. Much in the same way real life is divided into -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00282-00120116-00120611": "BC and AD, and then all the minutia. And then for Britain specifically,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00283-00120611-00121068": "we've got Dark Age, Viking age. Viking age is my favorite.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00284-00121068-00121583": "Norman period and so on and so on. Medieval, Tudor's, Elizabethan.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00285-00121583-00121932": "We took that sort of principle, and much like they did with the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00286-00121932-00122483": "earlier 2b2t-project example. We put that into Mortonia as well,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00287-00122483-00122759": "so it's a very handy way of dating things. So you can say -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00288-00122759-00123292": "'that thing's old, it's from the age of beginnings, it's very old.'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00289-00123328-00123664": "I can speed through this or I can take it slow, but this is just a -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00290-00123664-00124172": "list of events, notable events I thought to mention in this webinar.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00291-00124172-00124580": "Um, the world wasn't even named as Mortonia, this project -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00292-00124580-00125016": "didn't even have a name until well over a month after creation.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00293-00125016-00125428": "My good mate and co-founder Alex Beedle came up with the name,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00294-00125428-00125852": "once again, based on our favorite archaeologist's Sir Mortimer Wheeler.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00295-00125852-00126256": "We just put '-onia' on the end of his name.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00296-00126528-00126952": "Oh, this is a good example. So this right here is a little -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00297-00126952-00127535": "beach built by one of our Dutch friends who came on.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00298-00127583-00127972": "That's my name. I visited that on the 8th of November 2019.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00299-00127972-00128228": "And I thought, I'll leave a sign, because then if future people -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00300-00128228-00128496": "visit, that's a record of me being there.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00301-00128496-00128916": "So that's a little tiny example of digital history, the same way -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00302-00128916-00129472": "a brilliant example would be, in Istanbul or Constantinople in the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00303-00129472-00129964": "Hagia Sofia, on one of the top layers above the grand entrance hall -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00304-00129964-00130320": "there is Viking graffiti carved in. This guy,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00305-00130320-00130632": "I think I think his name is Halfthan, but they're not sure.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00306-00130632-00131120": "But it says 'Halfthan was here.' So that's the sort of same principle.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00307-00131120-00131548": "Obviously, I'm not as impressive as a as a Viking warrior, but.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00308-00131548-00132040": "People could show up, then they'd go, 'Alex was here.'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00309-00132172-00132628": "Two more examples of some events, as you can see, a lot happens, some -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00310-00132628-00132972": "of this terminology I can dive into later if anyone has any questions.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00311-00132972-00133344": "But right at the top there, FECCAM,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00312-00133344-00133772": "I think that stands for the 'First Empirically Chote -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00313-00133772-00134220": "Cartographic Analysis of Mortonia.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00314-00134240-00134604": "I don't know my history about, well, real-world maps,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00315-00134604-00135140": "but the sense of how much better people can understand planet Earth -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00316-00135140-00135480": "when they've got a map of it, that same principle is once again put -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00317-00135480-00135908": "into this digital world. Before FECCAM, so before the 16th of December,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00318-00135908-00136268": "twenty nineteen, we did not have a map of this world.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00319-00136268-00136764": "We travelled from one corner to the other via roads.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00320-00136764-00137136": "But then one individual had the idea, Jacob Rumbly,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00321-00137136-00137488": "another colleague, he had the idea of creating -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00322-00137488-00137832": "a map so people would know where they were at all times.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00323-00137832-00138204": "That's an example of how this world evolves over time.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00324-00138204-00138664": "Sort of like the Enlightenment period of the real world.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00325-00138664-00139192": "Here's an example of a battle which I'll be talking about later.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00326-00139192-00139616": "Oh, I've moved the Zoom-bar, it can stay there for now.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00327-00139616-00140168": "That's an example of a battle. This was a naval battle between two sides,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00328-00140168-00140424": "the people on the right and the people on the left. And then that -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00329-00140424-00140944": "big ship in the middle that's attached to the people on the right.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00330-00140972-00141532": "Wars happen on this project the same way they do in real life, sadly.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00331-00141532-00141996": "It's another example of player agency and storytelling, and how it's -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00332-00141996-00142408": "evolved into the timeline. So if, for instance, one player decides,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00333-00142408-00142832": "'oh, you've built a very nice spot of land, could I have it?'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00334-00142832-00143344": "And they say, 'no,' well, 'Ill invade', there you are, there's a war.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00335-00143344-00143884": "Simple, but that stuff happens in real life. So on the 17th of July,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00336-00143884-00144276": "2020, where it says the Digital History Video was released,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00337-00144276-00144764": "that was the previous work I did with the Council for British Archaeology.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00338-00144764-00145296": "I released a three part video series introducing Mortonia to -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00339-00145296-00145804": "wider academia. And since then, we've got quite a bit of interest,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00340-00145804-00146028": "obviously, most notably being Viktor. So thank you once -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00341-00146028-00146372": "again for contacting me, for giving me this opportunity.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00342-00146372-00146684": "But since then, there's been a big uptick in people wanting to -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00343-00146684-00147228": "join and as I said, you just need to email me and I'll let you on.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00344-00147228-00147720": "This is more recent. The whole idea of a digital dark age,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00345-00147720-00148332": "so prior to the 4th of August 2020, as I said at the start, you had these -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00346-00148332-00148756": "books in game that recorded every single event. So, say, for instance,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00347-00148756-00149148": "on the 5th of May, 2019, I decided to make a farm.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00348-00149148-00149508": "It would then be written if you scroll back far enough in this book -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00349-00149508-00149864": "'on the 5th of May, Alex decided to make a farm.' And then you can go out and -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00350-00149864-00150280": "find that farm and you can think, 'oh, this is two years old.'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00351-00150280-00150716": "Once again, you know, inspired by real timelines, etc.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00352-00150716-00150984": "The picture on the right is quite an interesting idea of -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00353-00150984-00151596": "something old being repurposed, in the same sense in the Dark Ages,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00354-00151596-00152148": "specifically in Britain, but I'm not too familiar with the French Roman -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00355-00152148-00152796": "ruins and so on in Britain, when the Romans left in AD411, I think, you -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00356-00152796-00153276": "had Kelts and these Britannic tribes, they all took up residence -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00357-00153276-00153676": "in these old Roman ruins and repurposed them for their own good.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00358-00153676-00153988": "This was, the picture on the right was a railway.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00359-00153988-00154492": "As you can see, it extends off-screen. It was a big railway, which has been -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00360-00154492-00154888": "torn down after it was abandoned and repurposed as a curtain wall -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00361-00154888-00155264": "by this new kingdom that's taken up residence in that same spot.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00362-00155264-00155604": "So that's not simply just a wall. I suppose if you didn't know -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00363-00155604-00155948": "it was a former railway, you just think a nice looking wall.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00364-00155948-00156280": "But with that knowledge, again, there's more of those -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00365-00156280-00156588": "layers of digital history. It's no longer just a wall,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00366-00156588-00157080": "it's something that was built beforehand and then repurposed.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00367-00157096-00157332": "Present day,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00368-00157332-00157872": "Mortonia is in dire straits currently, wartime or post-war time.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00369-00157872-00158248": "Much in the same way, you know, present day, especially now,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00370-00158248-00158844": "especially 2020, we go through peaks and dips of when times -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00371-00158844-00159392": "are good and when times are bad. Hopefully 2021 is a good year.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00372-00159392-00159692": "Right back to the good stuff, archaeological and -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00373-00159692-00159968": "historical influences. So I'll quickly answer that -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00374-00159968-00160476": "question about romanticizing specific periods of history.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00375-00160476-00160992": "I will agree there is definitely an element of that within Minecraft.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00376-00160992-00161328": "But as it's a game and it has some fantasy elements, for example,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00377-00161328-00161628": "there's a dragon in it, which you can ignore if you don't want to -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00378-00161628-00162272": "do them. There's dragons and zombies. Whenever you put, say, a coliseum -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00379-00162272-00162636": "into this digital space, it's never going to be a one-to-one copy.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00380-00162636-00162980": "There's always going to be elements of,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00381-00162980-00163268": "excuse me, elements of fantasy involved.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00382-00163268-00163820": "And this is an example. The one on the right, that is a -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00383-00163820-00164488": "archway gate inspired by Roman style of architecture. Obviously nothing -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00384-00164488-00164848": "Roman that still standing today looks that white and pristine.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00385-00164848-00165252": "And the likelihood is, especially marble statues, when they were -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00386-00165252-00165552": "created in ancient Greece and ancient Rome, they were quite colored.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00387-00165552-00165964": "They were painted. And all of that paint has eroded since then.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00388-00165964-00166432": "But you don't often see that in historical media. HBO's Rome,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00389-00166432-00166800": "I don't think features that many statues, to name one example.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00390-00166800-00167164": "And all the ancient Greek games, shows and films that are out there,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00391-00167164-00167512": "they all just have marble statues with no color on them whatsoever.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00392-00167512-00168004": "So that marble gate right there, someone liked how Rome is portrayed -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00393-00168004-00168368": "in films and TV and thought: 'no, I don't really need to add any color.'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00394-00168368-00168856": "'I like it how it is.' So that right there is an example of, you know,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00395-00168856-00169308": "how periods are portrayed in the media and blending over into Minecraft.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00396-00169308-00169752": "On the left we have a Iron Age crannog, I think it's inspired -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00397-00169752-00170316": "by a Scottish or Pictish water fort.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00398-00170316-00170620": "You can see right there the limitations of Minecraft, once again,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00399-00170620-00170988": "with everything being a block, obviously thatched roof in the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00400-00170988-00171320": "dark ages in real life would not be so thick and sturdy.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00401-00171320-00171688": "It would be quite flimsy and straight.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00402-00171688-00171972": "So once again, it's not one-to-one, you can't recreate these things -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00403-00171972-00172516": "one-to-one. This is recent actually. This is something I made up.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00404-00172516-00173016": "Alexander the Great famously used a 'Citytaker' or a Helepolis,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00405-00173016-00173336": "as it's called, to try and besiege the city of Rhodes.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00406-00173336-00173680": "I think it was one of his last besieges. Anyway,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00407-00173680-00173992": "it didn't go very well. That's how they built the colossus of Rhodes.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00408-00173992-00174392": "But I really like the design. And for the recent war I just mentioned,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00409-00174392-00175048": "the War of Independence, I recreated that to try and get over a wall that is,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00410-00175048-00175620": "as you can see, much smaller than it. So it was a bit of a overexaggeration,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00411-00175620-00175956": "but most of these designs, as you've seen throughout the video,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00412-00175956-00176388": "are just people who see something cool from history and they go:", "48SG0v_vYMI-00413-00176388-00176792": "'hey, I want to build that.' Sometimes it's romanticized.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00414-00176792-00177088": "And obviously that's not a direct copy. Most of the times it's:", "48SG0v_vYMI-00415-00177088-00177436": "'hey, I quite like Alexander the Great design,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00416-00177436-00177808": "however, it could be better. So I'm going to add some stuff.'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00417-00177808-00178260": "But it is all rooted in history, most of the people who play on the server -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00418-00178260-00179060": "are either history aficionados or students of archaeology or history.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00419-00179060-00179300": "There are some more examples.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00420-00179300-00179852": "In the middle is a Viking longhall, very cozy. I built that after -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00421-00179852-00180488": "doing a Viking module on Viking age Scandinavia learning about -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00422-00180488-00180908": "all sorts of stuff, it was interesting. <i>Trelleborg</i>-forts, the classic longhalls,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00423-00180908-00181440": "the mead halls of 5th century Sweden I think, <i>Fimbulwinter</i>, all that.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00424-00181440-00181676": "So I took that inspiration and I thought, 'I want to put that -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00425-00181676-00181964": "in Mortonia.' So I built a longhouse.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00426-00181964-00182376": "And everything you see in the video has evolved like that.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00427-00182376-00182748": "Top right, that's a great example of the fantasy element,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00428-00182748-00183368": "a ship that big, obviously is quite unfeasible in a medieval scenario. Same", "48SG0v_vYMI-00429-00183368-00183784": "as that figurehead, the dragon's head.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00430-00183860-00184148": "There are some more examples.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00431-00184148-00184364": "Top left, you might not be able to see it clearly -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00432-00184364-00184644": "because I've accidentally obscured it by a fortress,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00433-00184644-00185260": "but that is a Iron Age saltern, so a little structure next to a saltwater -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00434-00185260-00185684": "ocean, that takes in saltwater and converts it to fresh water.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00435-00185684-00185864": "You can't actually do that in a game.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00436-00185864-00186412": "So this is just merely aesthetic build, but the same sense of -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00437-00186412-00186820": "learning something in lesson and then recreating it in a digital space.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00438-00186820-00187160": "It was a really good way of learning how these structures -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00439-00187160-00187584": "worked in Iron Age Britain, that's what that designs built off.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00440-00187584-00187812": "Alhtough the university, well, my university,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00441-00187812-00188176": "it doesn't directly say: 'oh yes, use Minecraft to get your head -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00442-00188176-00188676": "around these archaeological concepts', that's something you can do.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00443-00188676-00189240": "Bottom right, that's industrial, steampunk-esque China. So once again,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00444-00189240-00189692": "that's an example of mixing steampunk fantasy with real history,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00445-00189692-00190340": "which is, the person who built this is a big fan of Far Eastern history.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00446-00190384-00190696": "That hot air balloon once again.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00447-00190696-00191308": "On the left there's some boats there. Boat designs, that one is extremely -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00448-00191308-00191752": "widespread across Mortonia, which covers a square area of about -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00449-00191752-00192180": "fourteen thousand miles, or more. Sixteen thousand maybe.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00450-00192180-00192628": "But that particular boat design, if you saw that, you'd know instantly -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00451-00192628-00193148": "who built that. That's Jacob's boat design, he's put them everywhere", "48SG0v_vYMI-00452-00193188-00193456": "Onto historical influences, which at least for me,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00453-00193456-00193804": "is a bit different to an archaeological influence.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00454-00193804-00194368": "Building something that resembles a Roman temple -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00455-00194368-00194752": "is more archaeological to me because it's just a structure.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00456-00194752-00195176": "But acting like the Roman Empire, that to me is a historical influence.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00457-00195176-00195396": "And that might be not everyone's definition,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00458-00195396-00195836": "but that's how I separate them, at least in regards to this project.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00459-00195836-00196416": "So what that means within Mortonia, if you want to build a Roman Empire,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00460-00196416-00196764": "you've got to fit yourself into the mindset of, a Roman emperor could be -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00461-00196764-00197308": "benevolent or quite evil like some of them were, or even more recently,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00462-00197308-00197772": "the British Empire or America's foreign policies. If you want to act -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00463-00197772-00198324": "like one of them, you just invade all your neighbors, invade everyone.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00464-00198324-00198472": "There's a Viking example later,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00465-00198472-00198940": "which is probably the best pictorial example.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00466-00199152-00199564": "There're the in-game annals that I mentioned earlier. As you can see,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00467-00199564-00199892": "you can pick these books up while you're in Mortonia,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00468-00199892-00200260": "open them and read them, and you get a pretty condensed timeline of what -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00469-00200260-00200752": "people have done over the years. I won't read all of them. On the left,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00470-00200752-00201172": "there's just some more examples of how history can influence player -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00471-00201172-00201700": "agency, which once again influences storytelling. There's someone on -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00472-00201700-00202404": "the server who really likes both the British Empire and Estonia.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00473-00202404-00202936": "So he's created his own in-game language mixing Estonian dialect,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00474-00202936-00203264": "which I'm not at all familiar with, I won't try and butcher it,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00475-00203264-00203716": "Estonian dialects and British. It's this strange hybrid lingo,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00476-00203716-00204128": "but it's a brilliant example of that creativity. So there's nowhere in -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00477-00204128-00204476": "Minecraft that says: 'yes, you can use this to create your own language.'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00478-00204476-00204804": "But he's doing it anyway because of how Mortonia exist -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00479-00204804-00205119": "as a project that just sort of lends itself to these things.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00480-00205119-00205548": "And players have made their own religions. That cathedral way back -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00481-00205548-00206044": "at the start, that was one religion, a dragon themed religion.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00482-00206044-00206428": "When two religions meet on a map, you get hybrid faiths.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00483-00206428-00206808": "Religious hybridity, a brilliant example in real life would be the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00484-00206808-00207271": "Gosforth Cross in Anglo-Scandinavian England, in the Danelaw. An -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00485-00207271-00207700": "example of the Old Norse pantheon and Ragnarok, mixing with Christianity.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00486-00207700-00208040": "That same sort of stuff happens here.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00487-00208060-00208196": "I'll move on to the next topic now.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00488-00208196-00208596": "So does anyone have any questions before, i carry on?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00489-00208676-00209356": "There's quite a few. We have one here: 'when you -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00490-00209356-00209823": "talked about the possibility to destruct things,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00491-00209823-00210084": "is it possible that someone would join the game with -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00492-00210084-00210408": "destructive intentions and ruin all the buildings?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00493-00210408-00210771": "How can you gain destructive power and is it somehow -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00494-00210771-00211152": "related to the amount of construction that you have done?'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00495-00211152-00211704": "Good question. So you are free to blow things up.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00496-00211704-00212060": "I guess you could also say you are free to do that in real life, but you -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00497-00212060-00212488": "face horrible consequences if you do. That's the exact same logic here.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00498-00212488-00212948": "So if someone comes on and just wants to destroy things and not contribute,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00499-00212948-00213400": "then they'll just get removed because we don't tolerate just rampant -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00500-00213400-00213840": "destruction. There's a difference when, as I mentioned earlier,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00501-00213840-00214300": "when the server is in wartime, when we all decide mutually: 'yes,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00502-00214300-00214612": "let's do a war because we disagree on some things and we want to fight -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00503-00214612-00215056": "it out'. Then destruction happens, but it's limited.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00504-00215056-00215467": "So on the bottom right there, that was a battlefield.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00505-00215467-00215908": "We designated that beforehand as an area where things can get destroyed.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00506-00215908-00216236": "So everything built in there wasn't of high value importance,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00507-00216236-00216444": "whereas all the other builds that you've seen today,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00508-00216444-00216792": "if someone destroyed them, that would just not be tolerated because they're -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00509-00216792-00217256": "not in areas of war and they took quite a lot of time to decorate.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00510-00217256-00217688": "So there are rules, but it's very much, the people who come on are -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00511-00217688-00217984": "already respectful of not doing that.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00512-00217984-00218371": "And I don't think I'd let anyone who wanted to do that.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00513-00218371-00218684": "We have one more technical and quick question.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00514-00218684-00218971": "'Is Mortonia on Java or Bedrock?'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00515-00218971-00219180": "Oh, yeah. I should have specified that at the start. Sorry,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00516-00219180-00219792": "it's Bedrock. We've experimented with porting it to Java. However,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00517-00219792-00220192": "the problem there is a lot of the people who play on the Mortonia,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00518-00220192-00220519": "they don't have the best PCs, and Java -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00519-00220519-00220967": "Minecraft doesn't run as well as Bedrock. Also, there's that whole -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00520-00220967-00221344": "accessibility angle of anyone being able to join from the Xbox,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00521-00221344-00221760": "from their phone, from their Nintendo, Java just doesn't have that.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00522-00221760-00222484": "So while we may put it to Java in the future, right now we haven't yet.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00523-00222484-00222852": "Also, last question here is, 'do you log historical information in -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00524-00222852-00223252": "connection to your historical builds?'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00525-00223319-00223867": "I assume that's the historical eras that you were talking about,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00526-00223867-00224312": "the 'think like a Roman emperor,' etc.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00527-00224312-00224784": "Oh, I see. So well, that's a very good question, actually. Uh,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00528-00224784-00225156": "a little bit of background to what inspired the whole project to begin with,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00529-00225156-00225616": "those Carolingian annals, because I studied them for my dissertation.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00530-00225616-00225996": "There's three main Carolingian annals, the annals of St-Bertin,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00531-00225996-00226304": "the annals of Fulda and the annals of Xanten.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00532-00226304-00226584": "I think there's another one, but the main three are those three.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00533-00226584-00226956": "Each one covers a specific area of Francia in the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00534-00226956-00227240": "ninth century and they all describe the same events.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00535-00227240-00227664": "However, they all have their own biases. Some will lie.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00536-00227664-00228136": "One famous instance will be, there is a Viking beneficiary of Fresia called -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00537-00228136-00228652": "Rorick of Dorestad that he helped out the Carolingian Empire quite a lot.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00538-00228652-00229044": "However, one of the annals didn't like him,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00539-00229044-00229288": "so they never mentioned that he helps them out.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00540-00229288-00229523": "And you don't get that information from another annal.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00541-00229523-00229992": "So in that regard, within Mortonia itself, you'll have some history books -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00542-00229992-00230460": "which describe every event as it happened with no bias.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00543-00230460-00230792": "And then you have someone else's history book which will only describe -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00544-00230792-00231348": "their point of view. So that whole motto 'history is told by the victor.'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00545-00231348-00231980": "Sort of how Britain romanticizes the Victorian period or...", "48SG0v_vYMI-00546-00231980-00232496": "I can't think of another example, that's the best one. Or America romanticizes -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00547-00232496-00232992": "the 1960s, that sort of thing. Hope that answers the question.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00548-00232992-00233248": "Sort of a spin-off to that,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00549-00233248-00233548": "or maybe you already answered that by that is,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00550-00233548-00233992": "'how do you keep track of everything that happens or is that necessary?'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00551-00233992-00234144": "How do we keep track of everything?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00552-00234144-00234600": "Um, so I'll get back to this at the end. But for now we put everything -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00553-00234600-00235200": "that's ever happened inside a book in game. There's 50 pages per book.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00554-00235200-00235656": "So if you think every day is a book, some days.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00555-00235656-00235936": "Sorry, every day is a page, some days have multiple pages.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00556-00235936-00236367": "There's about 30 history books right now.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00557-00236367-00236784": "They are all stored in a museum, which I'll mention later.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00558-00236784-00237240": "And so place is free to go in there and read them, the same -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00559-00237240-00237736": "way you would a public library. But there's also, out of game -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00560-00237736-00238192": "there's also Microsoft Word documents, which have it all copied and pasted.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00561-00238192-00238856": "So they're safe. -Great. That's all the questions for now.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00562-00238856-00239000": "Thank you for asking the questions.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00563-00239000-00239488": "It's good for me to just elaborate on these things.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00564-00239519-00240019": "As I was saying, player agency,  actually just answered that in a question,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00565-00240019-00240384": "yeah, there are no rules, but, you know, if you want to go and -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00566-00240384-00240667": "blow something up, you'll face, the consequences immediately.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00567-00240667-00240919": "No one will be happy with you and you won't have a good time.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00568-00240919-00241167": "So you might as well just not do that.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00569-00241167-00241536": "But in the instances of where smaller crimes have happened,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00570-00241536-00242071": "so one building has been blown up rather than several,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00571-00242071-00242304": "we've had instances of full legal trials,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00572-00242304-00242884": "which is another example of that player agency. And I'll get onto -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00573-00242884-00243332": "that when we watch the video because it's a little trial video.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00574-00243332-00243771": "And further answering that question that was just asked on the digital -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00575-00243771-00244400": "timeline, it's all stored in books, and while there are some biases in -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00576-00244400-00244771": "the history books, just as there are in real life, we try to work -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00577-00244771-00245208": "every single action that's ever happened into these books,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00578-00245208-00245788": "even if they're accidental. So, uh, one good example would be,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00579-00245788-00246356": "we were all preparing for a battle, and then one of the leaders of one -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00580-00246356-00246928": "of the armies fell down a hole and died. So that's quite embarrassing.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00581-00246928-00247240": "We could have not written that in the book. We could have just said,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00582-00247240-00247584": "'yeah, they both stormed into battle and it was a violent clash,'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00583-00247584-00248136": "but instead we wrote the truth. So even little accidents like that,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00584-00248136-00248332": "I keep referring back to the Carolingian annals,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00585-00248332-00248767": "but I think it was Louis the German, might have been Louis the German.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00586-00248767-00249192": "I know it wasn't Louis the Pious, but Louis the German.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00587-00249192-00249696": "He died quite embarrassingly by chasing some girl through a French -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00588-00249696-00250104": "village, and he ran into a wall and then hurt his kidneys, I think.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00589-00250104-00250552": "And just died later. So that's not a very noble end for a king.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00590-00250552-00250764": "But that's still written in the history logs.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00591-00250764-00251371": "The same way 'fallen down a pit on the way to a battle' is written down.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00592-00251371-00251716": "Or here's a really good example of putting yourself -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00593-00251716-00252108": "into a historical mindset. So this is something I did.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00594-00252108-00252467": "I made a little Viking settlement because I love Vikings.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00595-00252467-00252692": "I just love them. And I thought, you know,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00596-00252692-00253088": "I'm going to pretend to be a bit of a Viking on this digital world.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00597-00253088-00253471": "So I made this longship, which you can see in the bottom there.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00598-00253471-00254112": "I went on a few raids with it, um, and then I died, my character -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00599-00254112-00254608": "dive on a raid. And this longship had been with me for a few weeks.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00600-00254608-00255092": "So I thought, I'm going to bury my former self inside the ship.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00601-00255092-00255519": "The classic example would be the big ship in Norway, which I'd learned -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00602-00255519-00255944": "about a couple of weeks before doing this. So, again, you know,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00603-00255944-00256276": "we're all archaeology students. We see something cool in a lesson -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00604-00256276-00256704": "and we're like: 'I want to put that, and export that in this digital space.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00605-00256704-00257136": "So I moved the longship from the water up onto this hill.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00606-00257136-00257580": "And then I intered it in a hill mound, with the front half of it -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00607-00257580-00257996": "sticking out just as the Oseberg ship was, which allowed other players -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00608-00257996-00258444": "to come into that hill mound and then deposit grave goods.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00609-00258444-00258944": "So this is probably my favorite example in the entire slideshow -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00610-00258944-00259288": "of digital archaeology, because in a year from now,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00611-00259288-00259936": "someone could come up to this mound. And they'd see,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00612-00259936-00260180": "the front half would be covered up just like the Oseberg -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00613-00260180-00260460": "was in real life, but then see this mound. And then if they dug into it,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00614-00260460-00260884": "they's see a chest full of grave goods deposited by all the players.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00615-00260884-00261156": "And that wonder, you know, 'who put this there?'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00616-00261156-00261788": "'What was the story behind that?' That is the ethos of this project really.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00617-00261819-00262104": "You might recognize this, this is probably even more famous -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00618-00262104-00262544": "game than Minecraft, World of Warcraft, haven't played it myself,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00619-00262544-00262952": "but there's a concept in World of Warcraft that we put into -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00620-00262952-00263268": "Mortonia, which is dungeon crawling.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00621-00263268-00263664": "You're exploring this wild, untamed historical landscape,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00622-00263664-00264008": "and you find an ancient tomb and you want some treasure. So you go -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00623-00264008-00264516": "into the tomb with your mates and find all the beasties within.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00624-00264516-00265004": "So this is less about archaeology, this segment, and more about fantasy.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00625-00265004-00265388": "The Dungeon Master roll, I filled this role a couple times and -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00626-00265388-00266024": "a couple of my mates have. What that involves, is making an adventure for -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00627-00266024-00266312": "other players to find and explore.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00628-00266312-00266712": "You make, for example, a pyramid in a desert, and then a -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00629-00266712-00267136": "collection of catacombs and tunnels and traps, and a treasure at the end.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00630-00267136-00267524": "And then once that's made you go: 'oh, everyone, time for an adventure.'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00631-00267524-00267844": "So you're making history there. You're making a story -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00632-00267844-00268180": "for your mates to go through and experience.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00633-00268180-00268528": "These are memories and making memories in a digital space.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00634-00268528-00268760": "These are some examples of these dungeons.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00635-00268760-00269328": "A lot of them involve a quite complex coding behind the scenes.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00636-00269328-00269800": "So they're quite tricky to pull off, especially now that the size of -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00637-00269800-00270240": "the world's the world's file is too big to download, so we can't actually -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00638-00270240-00270632": "make these anymore. But there was a period where there was a lot of them.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00639-00270632-00271096": "And I guess, uh, much like the earlier individual mentioned,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00640-00271096-00271528": "romanticising periods of history, the period of history where there -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00641-00271528-00271952": "were a lot of dungeons and everyone was having adventures every month,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00642-00271952-00272388": "that's quite fondly remembered now by myself and the other players.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00643-00272388-00272748": "We think back and we go: 'oh, if only we could do that again.'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00644-00272748-00273064": "'That was really fun.' But they were actually quite a lot of problems -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00645-00273064-00273492": "with that period because a lot of it was quite glitchy. There was like,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00646-00273492-00273948": "which I mentioned earlier, you know, people were losing connectivity.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00647-00273948-00274312": "But much in the same way, the British Empire only remembers the nice parts -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00648-00274312-00274776": "of the Victorian period, so do we.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00649-00274848-00275344": "This is referencing some out of game stuff.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00650-00275344-00275588": "This is a poster I made to advertise an -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00651-00275588-00275884": "event that happened within Mortonia.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00652-00275884-00276304": "This coincided with an update to the game, updates we don't control.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00653-00276304-00276780": "This is what the Swedish developers make. And we change the rules -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00654-00276780-00277096": "for this update. We just had a fun little event, but this is -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00655-00277096-00277540": "all to keep players interested, to changning things every now and then.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00656-00277540-00277856": "So people, you know, always have something to look forward to.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00657-00277856-00278416": "And this is another great example. So this map -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00658-00278416-00279104": "was created, I think, like 2019, but it was before a lot of these -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00659-00279104-00279560": "structures which are painted over in red on Microsoft Paint.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00660-00279560-00279820": "It was created before these structures were built.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00661-00279820-00280092": "So someone took a screenshot of the game,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00662-00280092-00280436": "put it in Microsoft Paint and then planned out that whole kingdom,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00663-00280436-00280760": "the whole layout to then achieve at a later date.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00664-00280760-00281048": "They now have actually built all of this. But that's a good example -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00665-00281048-00281616": "of using external software to role play as a city planner, I guess.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00666-00281616-00282112": "So keeping on with the map example, this is something I've done. On the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00667-00282112-00282640": "right, the right hand side, that is a Viking age map, 15th century,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00668-00282640-00283324": "actually, sorry. 15th century map of Norse travellers to Vinland,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00669-00283324-00283804": "to America before there was an actual map of that whole region.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00670-00283804-00284080": "Obviously, the world does not look like that on the right.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00671-00284080-00284588": "But these were not Vikings, but Viking descendants using their -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00672-00284588-00285040": "knowledge of the land masses and the islands to build up a map that,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00673-00285040-00285536": "while not accurate, at least represents the distance between -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00674-00285536-00286392": "Hispanio on the right, and I guess that's front, and America. On the left,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00675-00286392-00286724": "we have a Viking map once again. I did this based on the map -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00676-00286724-00287252": "on the right. This is a Viking map of Mortonia itself.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00677-00287252-00287520": "The actual land masses do not look like that at all.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00678-00287520-00287784": "They are not circular and really straight.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00679-00287784-00288140": "But this is, if you were to imagine the map from the perspective of -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00680-00288140-00288592": "someone who didn't have access to anything cartographic. The Vikings -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00681-00288592-00288988": "famously traveled the world using just the moon and the stars.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00682-00288988-00289380": "I think there's some debate whether they use sunstones and sundials.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00683-00289380-00289744": "But yeah, they didn't have maps, as we know,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00684-00289744-00290180": "or compasses. So the whole idea of making a map just based on that -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00685-00290180-00290528": "limited knowledge inspired that piece on the left, which was made using -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00686-00290528-00291168": "external software. But again, it's enriching that role playing idea.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00687-00291188-00291440": "This is another great example, all of these are great examples,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00688-00291440-00291872": "I keep saying they're great examples. Um, this is another handy way of -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00689-00291872-00292400": "dating something within the game. Uh, the canon design on the right -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00690-00292400-00292844": "called the Skaros design because it resembles a Dalek from Doctor Who,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00691-00292844-00293540": "uh, which is what the person thought of. That design was created May 2020,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00692-00293540-00294000": "and then it cropped up all over the place afterwards.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00693-00294000-00294348": "So if you see that design, you will know that it was not made before -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00694-00294348-00294804": "May 2020, and you'll know that it was inspired by the original design.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00695-00294804-00295084": "I can't think of a real world example off the top of my head.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00696-00295084-00295356": "But, you know, if you saw that design in the world,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00697-00295356-00295856": "you'd think: 'oh, you know, it's definitely older than May.'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00698-00295884-00296380": "This is going back to that question about what's to stop -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00699-00296380-00296792": "people from destroying things. This was a prank someone played.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00700-00296792-00297168": "They rebuilt that castle in the left, perfectly rebuilt it,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00701-00297168-00297516": "but it was hollow and nowhere near the original location.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00702-00297516-00297876": "And then they blew it up and sent a photo to the creator of -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00703-00297876-00298200": "the castle on the left saying: 'look at my handiwork.'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00704-00298200-00298460": "So that was a prank and no one was harmed,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00705-00298460-00299004": "but he was so annoyed, he started a war because of that.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00706-00299004-00299556": "So, again, that's player agency being worked into the timeline.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00707-00299572-00300040": "A good example. This right here on the bottom right,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00708-00300040-00300572": "this was a fortress made by an American person who joined about -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00709-00300572-00301016": "two years ago or less think it was around December 2019.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00710-00301016-00301508": "Anyway, he made this castle and then he got too busy with work.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00711-00301508-00301812": "So he left and said he wasn't going to come on.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00712-00301812-00302264": "So we aged his castle to a ruin to reflect that it was abandoned,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00713-00302264-00302704": "and to reflect the passage of time as he's been gone.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00714-00302704-00303144": "And then later, because that plot of land was no longer in use,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00715-00303144-00303756": "I gifted it to Jacob, who then repurposed it into his own castle.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00716-00303756-00304256": "Excuse me, looping back around to how Dark Age Britain's repurposed -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00717-00304256-00304820": "Roman ruins. This is another ruin, as you can see, by the scaffolding -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00718-00304820-00305376": "and the wooden supports that was in the process of being rebuilt.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00719-00305584-00305936": "Right, onto the Dark Ages, and then there's a little video, and then we -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00720-00305936-00306348": "can ask more questions. As I keep saying throughout this webinar,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00721-00306348-00306772": "the whole idea of recording every single event in-game onto -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00722-00306772-00307212": "these little books means that there's a lot of accountability.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00723-00307212-00307500": "Someone can't do something and then not be recorded.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00724-00307500-00307848": "So if you blow something up, your name will be written in the book.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00725-00307848-00308268": "And then there's a record that you've always done that crime.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00726-00308268-00308624": "But ever since the fourth of August 2020, we've had a little -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00727-00308624-00309008": "mini-experiment of, what happens if you no longer record history,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00728-00309008-00309572": "very similar to the real western dark ages of real world.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00729-00309572-00309860": "So the complete lack of recorded history just means -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00730-00309860-00310152": "people have been doing whatever they want and getting away with it.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00731-00310152-00310604": "There was a mini terrorist attack on the 31st of January,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00732-00310604-00310824": "which there's a video footage of.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00733-00310824-00311380": "Now, this video is made by the person who performed the terrorist attack.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00734-00311380-00311812": "So he is lying in the video about everyone else falsifying evidence.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00735-00311812-00312016": "But anyway, this is a video of a legal -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00736-00312016-00312440": "trial that went on the server.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00737-00312440-00312920": "I think Björn has the capacity to play the video.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00738-00312940-00313324": "Yep, I do. I'm just going to have to stop the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00739-00313324-00313864": "presentation for a second there.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00740-00313864-00314404": "We're going to, so could you perhaps -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00741-00314492-00314836": "stop the screen share?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00742-00315152-00315584": "I can answer questions after this video.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00743-00315800-00316356": "So there's a question here about the collaboration between participants.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00744-00316356-00316552": "How often does it happen that participants,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00745-00316552-00316888": "builders work on the same building?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00746-00316888-00317288": "Quite often. I mean, the project overall was started -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00747-00317288-00317796": "by myself and my good friend, so it started on collaboration.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00748-00317796-00318024": "We've since moved on to doing separate things.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00749-00318024-00318472": "But very often, especially recently, you know,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00750-00318472-00318832": "we just team up with our buddies and build the same thing.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00751-00318832-00319268": "It's in many ways more fun to play with friends than just everyone -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00752-00319268-00319744": "doing their own thing. But always there is that sense of community.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00753-00319744-00320084": "So while you may have your own castle, there's always spaces in the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00754-00320084-00320440": "world where everyone will appear at certain times or chill out, and you -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00755-00320440-00320824": "can go and trade with them or just, you know, have a race or something -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00756-00320824-00321408": "fun, have a coliseum fight. So there's always that community center.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00757-00321452-00321888": "Excellent. Now we're all rolling the video.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00758-00328748-00329020": "I can explain what went on in that video in the next few slides,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00759-00329020-00329348": "if people have questions.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00760-00329944-00330716": "Shall I go back to screen sharing? -Yep, just go.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00761-00330716-00331268": "OK, so what happened in that video, we were having a legal trial -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00762-00331268-00331636": "over the person who actually made that video, so Jacob. What had -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00763-00331636-00332176": "been going on was, his actions had caused a lot of connectivity issues.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00764-00332176-00332592": "So people were getting disconnected. The game was really slow because -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00765-00332592-00333008": "of things he'd done, maybe not on purpose, but he was the cause.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00766-00333008-00333476": "So we had this trial, as a little fun joke -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00767-00333476-00334064": "to see if he was truly guilty. Obviously, he didn't think he was.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00768-00334408-00334948": "Now and what had happened before the trial, he'd rigged the courtroom -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00769-00334948-00335416": "with explosives set to a timer. So if he was found guilty,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00770-00335416-00335984": "he could escape and blow everyone up. And that's the aftermath.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00771-00336208-00336640": "So no one was punished for this explosion because it was just a -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00772-00336640-00337112": "small one and it was quite funny, so there was no malicious intent -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00773-00337112-00337528": "with blowing up this courtroom. It was just a little prank.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00774-00337528-00337844": "So before I move on to the final third.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00775-00337844-00338152": "Does anyone have any questions?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00776-00338424-00338812": "Not in the chat at this point.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00777-00338812-00339028": "I can blitz through this next bit.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00778-00339028-00339336": "So moving back to the limitations of using Minecraft as a -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00779-00339336-00339836": "storytelling device, especially in regards to how old things are,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00780-00339836-00340276": "as I said before, Mortonia is a massive file at this point.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00781-00340276-00340512": "It started off around 20 megabytes.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00782-00340512-00341036": "It's now 20 gigabytes, which may not seem a lot, but when  -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00783-00341036-00341368": "you're mapping the whereabouts of a 150 individual -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00784-00341368-00341816": "people from around the world who all have their own projects,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00785-00341816-00342188": "they've all built multiple things, they all have various items in -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00786-00342188-00342756": "the inventory, which is how you carry things around in game,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00787-00342756-00343200": "that's led to a lot of lag, which that trial was just about.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00788-00343200-00343576": "I mentioned chunk erros  earlier. This is an example -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00789-00343576-00344012": "of one. As you can see, that terrain does not look natural at all.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00790-00344012-00344364": "That was a mountain that's just been cooked through by -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00791-00344364-00344852": "a land mass from miles away. I guess it's a bit like continental -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00792-00344852-00345472": "drift if it happened randomly without warning and destroyed cities.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00793-00345496-00345820": "Another issue with using Minecraft as a storytelling -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00794-00345820-00346408": "device is when updates drop, they have the chance to, you know,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00795-00346408-00346764": "break quite a lot of features, which you then have to adapt to.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00796-00346764-00347096": "The new update, which is coming out this summer,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00797-00347096-00347948": "is extending the depth and height of the world by 64 meters each way.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00798-00347948-00348584": "And as we can't go below that depth currently, you're going to have these -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00799-00348584-00349124": "massive holes beneath the current bottom of the world where all this -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00800-00349124-00349628": "new stuff is generated, which is going to cause quite a lot of lag.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00801-00349692-00350128": "And I did keep repeating that it's too much to download,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00802-00350128-00350460": "that's not strictly true. I can download the world file.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00803-00350460-00350928": "However, it takes me about a full day on my WiFi -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00804-00350928-00351136": "spending looking at that loading screen right there,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00805-00351136-00351656": "which is a screenshot I took, of just waiting for the 'initializing -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00806-00351656-00352052": "download' to go to a progress bar, and then on and on and on.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00807-00352052-00352408": "But, you know, it's worth it to preserve that digital history,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00808-00352408-00352864": "which I'll get back to at the end, because there's sad news, I'm afraid.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00809-00352864-00353360": "Onto the topic of a digital museum, which I've mentioned several times,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00810-00353360-00353968": "this is a place that I built within Mortonia itself,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00811-00353968-00354324": "where timeless artifacts are stored and every single book -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00812-00354324-00354728": "that anyone has ever written. Interesting artifacts.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00813-00354728-00355240": "And just think about the Natural History Museum or the Vatican,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00814-00355240-00355648": "they're the museums I've been to. I haven't been to that many.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00815-00355660-00355988": "But this isn't something I've built, The Uncensored Library,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00816-00355988-00356428": "which you may be familiar with, it gained worldwide news last year.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00817-00356428-00356800": "This is a project in Minecraft that I think someone -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00818-00356800-00357192": "made in China or Russia. And it's a building inside the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00819-00357192-00357784": "game that contains a book of every single book ever written on Earth,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00820-00357784-00358264": "which means  it can get under the censorship -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00821-00358264-00358848": "firewalls of some of those, you know, far eastern countries.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00822-00358848-00359456": "That's an example of a digital place having real information in books.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00823-00359484-00359772": "This is something I went over in my previous videos with the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00824-00359772-00360236": "Center for British Archaeology about Digital Sentimentality.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00825-00360236-00360632": "It's the whole idea of, I'm sure all of you will have something in your -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00826-00360632-00361036": "home that's quite old or that's been with you for a while and beyond.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00827-00361036-00361448": "You have some nice looking computers behind you that look a bit old.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00828-00361448-00361772": "I'm sure you've got nice memories of them, or you have -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00829-00361772-00362084": "sentimental attachment to them because of the age or, you know,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00830-00362084-00362568": "memories that you've had. Applying that same logic in game. A great -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00831-00362568-00363000": "example would be that pickaxe on the left that's hanging in the museum.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00832-00363000-00363848": "This pickaxe was the first to obtain a monumental new material,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00833-00363848-00364280": "new mineral in the game. So that gave it value,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00834-00364280-00364748": "that gave it sentimentality. And now that it's in the museum,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00835-00364748-00364940": "people walk past it and they'll go: 'oh, my God,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00836-00364940-00365368": "that's the pickaxe that was used to do X. That's really cool.'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00837-00365368-00365908": "The same way how this armor set on the right was the first one in the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00838-00365908-00366416": "game to be made from that material, which gives it intrinsic value.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00839-00366416-00366684": "So if you play this game, normally,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00840-00366684-00367016": "these things wouldn't necessarily have value, but this is very much -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00841-00367016-00367412": "a case of the player putting that value on these digital items,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00842-00367412-00368196": "the same way I could put value on this mug of tea here. Because I like the mug.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00843-00368276-00368904": "Yeah, as I said, this museum contains relics as old as the first day that -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00844-00368904-00369452": "Mortonia was created. I created a wooden pickaxe on the first day.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00845-00369452-00369928": "So that is a digital item that's 700 days old,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00846-00369928-00370308": "which makes it very old by Minecraft standards.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00847-00370308-00370836": "So that's in the museum, people can go and look at it, and while it is -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00848-00370836-00371244": "objectively an extremely cheap item to create, because it's so old,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00849-00371244-00371668": "people will go: 'wow, that's so old.'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00850-00371668-00372028": "The museum is also used for education. And this player -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00851-00372028-00372328": "here who made this exhibit, he's the one who made his own -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00852-00372328-00372844": "language combining Estonian and some miscellaneous Baltic languages,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00853-00372844-00373300": "and then English. He has dozens of flags for all these different -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00854-00373300-00373672": "subregions within his kingdom. There's so many flags,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00855-00373672-00374008": "I've lost count. But he made this exhibit to educate people.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00856-00374008-00374272": "So if they come on Mortonia and they see these flags,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00857-00374272-00374756": "they'll know if they look at museum what they mean.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00858-00374880-00375172": "This is another movie reference I'm going to bring in, but,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00859-00375172-00375668": "you know, in disaster films, Roland Emmerich's <i>2012</i> or more recently,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00860-00375668-00376104": "<i>Greenland</i> starring Gerard Butler, there'll always be a scene where -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00861-00376104-00376552": "they take the Mona Lisa down from its exhibit in the Louvre and they put -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00862-00376552-00377128": "it in like a vault. Mortonia, due to these chunk errors that keep happening,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00863-00377128-00377588": "these massive continental shifts destroying people's cities,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00864-00377588-00377864": "there's nothing we can do about it, I'm afraid. But they were -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00865-00377864-00378220": "threatening all of those priceless artifacts in the museum.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00866-00378220-00378624": "So I very much did a 'Mona Lisa'-type tactic.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00867-00378624-00379140": "I put all of these items in vaults, and then I transferred -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00868-00379140-00379508": "that file to another world. So a completely different world to -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00869-00379508-00379792": "Mortonia, so that they'd  be safe forever.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00870-00379792-00380108": "So that history is still preserved in some form.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00871-00380108-00380624": "Unfortunately, the world itself, however, cannot be preserved.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00872-00380624-00381084": "This right here is an editing program I use to manage Mortonia,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00873-00381084-00381268": "and don't let this intimidate you either.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00874-00381268-00381540": "If you want to join Mortonia, you don't need to know any of this.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00875-00381540-00382084": "But this is just what I have to do because I have the files and stuff.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00876-00382084-00382292": "I mentioned, lag earlier on,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00877-00382292-00382588": "and the chunk errors, if you see in the middle of the screen,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00878-00382588-00382952": "16265 files were deleted.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00879-00382952-00383276": "These are junk entities which were cramming -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00880-00383276-00383724": "the storage of Mortonia so much that these chunk errors kept happening.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00881-00383724-00384300": "So we actually had to abandon that world. But as I said, we saved the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00882-00384300-00384868": "digital history, we ported it to another world, so it's not lost.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00883-00384868-00385272": "We call the 'Operation Exodus', just a cool name. These are some examples -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00884-00385272-00385752": "of the chunk errors, all this has happened in the last two weeks.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00885-00385752-00386112": "So I actually had to edit the presentation to account for this.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00886-00386112-00386568": "This is just a recent natural disaster, I guess.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00887-00386568-00386804": "As you can see, it just doesn't look right, does it?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00888-00386804-00387208": "You've got a desert. And then a random ocean in the middle,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00889-00387208-00387548": "you've got an ocean with a swamp going through it,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00890-00387548-00388020": "a jungle with Himalayan-esque mountains just tearing through it.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00891-00388020-00388408": "It looks ugly. And as you can see from the railway -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00892-00388408-00388812": "that was supposedly going through, it is torn down sections of the railway,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00893-00388812-00389292": "which then tears down trade networks between kingdoms,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00894-00389292-00389688": "which means no one can trade, which breaks down, you know, communication,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00895-00389688-00390380": "and then you get people fighting over resources. So nothing was going well.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00896-00390380-00390588": "You may remember that naval battlefield in the top -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00897-00390588-00390964": "right from an earlier image,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00898-00390964-00391332": "obviously those mountains weren't there before, they just came out of -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00899-00391332-00391968": "nowhere and completely caged in that boat in between two mountain ranges.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00900-00391968-00392324": "It doesn't look right. It just looks odd. I apologize for -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00901-00392324-00392704": "the poor quality of these images. I had to take these on my phone.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00902-00392704-00393144": "Because as I said, this is a problem that's only just cropped up.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00903-00393144-00393544": "Once again being a limitation of Minecraft.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00904-00393564-00393840": "Random square islands,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00905-00393840-00394280": "a skyscraper in the bottom left was torn through there.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00906-00394280-00394632": "So really, it was just a pain and ruining people's hard work,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00907-00394632-00395076": "but is it is it the end of the project?", "48SG0v_vYMI-00908-00395164-00395428": "Probably not.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00909-00395436-00396132": "Because very recently we've started a second Mortonia.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00910-00396132-00396544": "The Operation Exodus I mentioned earlier, porting the Mona Lisa -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00911-00396544-00396912": "to these vaults, meant that we could preserve all of the items from the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00912-00396912-00397380": "museum and all of the history logs and just move them to a new world.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00913-00397380-00397912": "So we have complete knowledge and a timeline dating back to the 1st -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00914-00397912-00398308": "of April 2019. Still, however, it's on a different world.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00915-00398308-00398548": "If anyone's confused by that. I perfectly understand,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00916-00398548-00398996": "and I can explain it later. I hope I've done it justice.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00917-00398996-00399372": "But here is a memorial wall inside the new world that's -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00918-00399372-00399804": "commemorating what was lost. It's very much a case of -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00919-00399804-00400256": "the Roman Empire collapsing, and we're all sad about it.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00920-00400256-00400624": "So as I said at the start, remember that image.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00921-00400624-00401204": "I'll just move this zoom thing, remember the image? This was -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00922-00401204-00401576": "taken in April 2019, that's what it looked like then.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00923-00401576-00401796": "And this is what it looked like February,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00924-00401796-00402092": "early February, 2021.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00925-00402092-00402628": "So almost two full years. You've seen how everything's developed.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00926-00402628-00403072": "A whole city has sprung up in this area.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00927-00403072-00403348": "So it's cool, that's history.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00928-00403348-00403624": "Question time.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00929-00404032-00404536": "Excellent. Thank you so much for giving us this -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00930-00404536-00405036": "walkthrough of Minecraft history. It's an absolutely fascinating -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00931-00405036-00405548": "project and there's a lot of praise for your presentation and -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00932-00405548-00406032": "the food for thought that you have given us within the chat.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00933-00406032-00406308": "Thank you very much. Thanks for having me.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00934-00406308-00406840": "There was one good question that we missed earlier on.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00935-00406840-00407308": "That was: 'how much time do you spend in Minecraft?'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00936-00407308-00407624": "Oh, it's good that my girlfriend's just left because she wouldn't like to -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00937-00407624-00408368": "hear my answer. It varies from week to week. Um, right now I'm ahead of -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00938-00408368-00408688": "most of the coursework that I have to do for my final year at uni.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00939-00408688-00409208": "So I've got a lot of free time. So I spend a bit of it,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00940-00409208-00409732": "or rather a lot, creating these things in this digital space.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00941-00409732-00410172": "But the way I see it, as evidenced by the interest this has gotten from -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00942-00410172-00410528": "the Centre for British Archaeology and now this wonderful institution,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00943-00410528-00411032": "the Swedish National Heritage Board, I could never have guessed that this -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00944-00411032-00411396": "little project would have gained that much international attention.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00945-00411396-00411684": "So it's almost made all of those hours of what began -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00946-00411684-00411980": "as a hobby and a little fun project with me and my friends.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00947-00411980-00412452": "It's made them worth it beyond just having fun.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00948-00412452-00412939": "I guess in terms of hours, the average players can spend any -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00949-00412939-00413247": "any time they want. Some people just come on for an hour a day in -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00950-00413247-00413600": "the evenings with a cup of tea. That tends to be what I do.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00951-00413600-00414004": "But if I have nothing on a day, or if I've done all the edits on my -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00952-00414004-00414332": "dissertation, which my supervisor wants me to do, then I'll come on -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00953-00414332-00414684": "for 2-3 hours. I think once I've spent all day on it.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00954-00414684-00414884": "But I've got headache after that, so I wouldn't recommend -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00955-00414884-00415364": "anyone else do that. And some people spend ages on it.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00956-00415364-00415812": "Jacob, who I've mentioned a few times, he's probably the most hardcore,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00957-00415812-00416096": "you know, Minecrafter. You know, he's loads about it.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00958-00416096-00416439": "He's on it all the time. he's really intelligent. Yeah.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00959-00416439-00417080": "It's all about what you want to do, really.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00960-00417156-00417508": "Great, thanks.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00961-00417508-00417932": "There is lots of praise coming in through the chat. Thank you so much.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00962-00417932-00418328": "Happy to see that Minecraft archaeology  can reach so many youths,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00963-00418328-00418756": "as well as older generations, and I think Minecraft is a great tool for -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00964-00418756-00419192": "communication between generations. Everyone can join up around the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00965-00419192-00419664": "same buildings and the same sort of storytelling. And they also think -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00966-00419664-00420235": "that Minecraft has great potential in cultural heritage protection.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00967-00420235-00420792": "So, Alex, we have been talking about a workshop at some late stage.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00968-00420792-00421256": "Yeah, I'd be happy to be able to further explain things in a workshop. Sure.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00969-00421256-00421508": "Because I think there is a great interest in Minecraft,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00970-00421508-00421852": "but not everyone knows where and how to start.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00971-00421852-00422320": "So perhaps some advice on getting started. -Yeah, I'd be happy to. Perfect.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00972-00422320-00422935": "I'd love to help people get involved. That'd be awesome.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00973-00423152-00423512": "This was an interesting question here. 'Do you have or do you -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00974-00423512-00423788": "feel an interaction between your studies and playing?'", "48SG0v_vYMI-00975-00423788-00424056": "That's a very good question.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00976-00424056-00424435": "I would say, yes. There's been a few notable instances,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00977-00424435-00424856": "like with the salt urn that I mentioned earlier,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00978-00424856-00425428": "we were taught about Iron Age salt urns in a historical archaeology module.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00979-00425428-00425735": "And while I did understand the idea of a salt urn,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00980-00425735-00426039": "I couldn't really visualize it because there weren't very -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00981-00426039-00426443": "many illustrations of what one looked like on the inside.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00982-00426443-00426984": "So I built one in game using someone's text,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00983-00426984-00427516": "someone's paper on the Lincolnshire Fenlands, of these ancient salt urns.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00984-00427516-00427820": "I used a description of the interior of one based on an -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00985-00427820-00428243": "archaeological excavation, and then a drawing of what one of the -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00986-00428243-00428580": "exteriors may have looked like. And that helped me figure -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00987-00428580-00428972": "out what a salt urn  most likely looked like.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00988-00428972-00429568": "So, yeah, I guess in that regard, it's helped my studies in some areas.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00989-00429568-00429960": "And like I said at the start, the dissertation -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00990-00429960-00430388": "which I'm doing on Carolignian annals and Viking invasions, that -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00991-00430388-00430720": "influenced how I've looked at this digital project. So the whole -", "48SG0v_vYMI-00992-00430720-00431260": "idea of writing these annals, that's all come from my dissertation.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00993-00431335-00431772": "Interesting. I think that we're running out of time for now.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00994-00431772-00432552": "So this was, answers to the questions blown into the presentations as well.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00995-00432552-00432920": "It's been  a very,", "48SG0v_vYMI-00996-00432920-00433484": "very good time for us watching you and talking to you here.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00997-00433484-00433784": "I'm glad everyone enjoyed it. It means a lot. Thank you.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00998-00433784-00434232": "Now just a big thank you to Alex for your presentation.", "48SG0v_vYMI-00999-00434232-00434604": "It's really inspiring and interesting to see what can be done.", "48SG0v_vYMI-01000-00434604-00434756": "I'd like to say thank you to you, Victor,", "48SG0v_vYMI-01001-00434756-00435196": "for giving me this opportunity. I really appreciate it."}}, {"audio_id": "497HJHhTDYA", "text": {"497HJHhTDYA-00000-00000112-00000447": "Hi Folks, This is Pietsch Mario with a new series about", "497HJHhTDYA-00001-00000447-00000921": "How can we improve the Community Contribution", "497HJHhTDYA-00002-00000921-00001614": "In the way, that the community contribution is independent from the TiddlyWiki release", "497HJHhTDYA-00003-00001614-00001714": "cycle.", "497HJHhTDYA-00004-00001714-00002302": "So in February there has been a hangout where Jeremy created a new issue", "497HJHhTDYA-00005-00002302-00002486": "introducing Continuous Integration.", "497HJHhTDYA-00006-00002486-00003360": "CI is a process where developers can push something to the main repository.", "497HJHhTDYA-00007-00003360-00003962": "Then robots take over, compile the stuff and release the stuff", "497HJHhTDYA-00008-00003962-00004589": "If we can do this automatically, we can remove a lot of manual work.", "497HJHhTDYA-00009-00004589-00004992": "Because at the moment Jeremy has to do all work manually", "497HJHhTDYA-00010-00004992-00005764": "But if we have a described procedure how something should work or should be distributed", "497HJHhTDYA-00011-00005764-00006269": "different users can say: OK Create the release or", "497HJHhTDYA-00012-00006269-00006492": "something like this.", "497HJHhTDYA-00013-00006492-00006879": "Everything should always be done in the same way", "497HJHhTDYA-00014-00006879-00007650": "In the meantime a new developer joined the community", "497HJHhTDYA-00015-00007650-00007750": "It's Luca", "497HJHhTDYA-00016-00007750-00008264": "He create an issue, which says: \"Things that scare off potential contributors\"", "497HJHhTDYA-00017-00008264-00008588": "In this case the original post is about developers", "497HJHhTDYA-00018-00008588-00009004": "As you can see, it's a quite long discussion", "497HJHhTDYA-00019-00009004-00009829": "It immediately became a discussion about documentation or user feedback", "497HJHhTDYA-00020-00009829-00010188": "That's why Luca splited it into 3 issues", "497HJHhTDYA-00021-00010188-00010670": "One which says: \"How can we improve user feedback\"", "497HJHhTDYA-00022-00010670-00011417": "It should not involve let's say: compilation stuff and all these things", "497HJHhTDYA-00023-00011417-00012091": "In my opinion It should be as easy as sending an e-mail", "497HJHhTDYA-00024-00012091-00012704": "There is a 3rd post, which says: \"..contribute to the TiddlyWiki documentation\"", "497HJHhTDYA-00025-00012704-00013868": "Where a mechanism is involved how to push something to the main repository.", "497HJHhTDYA-00026-00013868-00014134": "Since February I was constantly searching for", "497HJHhTDYA-00027-00014134-00014559": "a workflow that I want to have.", "497HJHhTDYA-00028-00014559-00015106": "There was also a little discussion about not licensing", "497HJHhTDYA-00029-00015106-00015399": "but let's say, the community governance", "497HJHhTDYA-00030-00015399-00016099": "At the moment everything is governed by the BSD License and", "497HJHhTDYA-00031-00016099-00016593": "may be let's say contributions are protected by Jeremy's review cycle", "497HJHhTDYA-00032-00016593-00016876": "Jeremy and others", "497HJHhTDYA-00033-00016876-00017370": "But if the community has the possibility to independently push something", "497HJHhTDYA-00034-00017370-00017673": "We need some rules", "497HJHhTDYA-00035-00017673-00018268": "They should be as simple as possible So that everyone can easily follow them", "497HJHhTDYA-00036-00018268-00019031": "But there should also be a possibility that we really can ... let's say", "497HJHhTDYA-00037-00019031-00019615": "USE THEM in a way that is good for TiddlyWiki", "497HJHhTDYA-00038-00019615-00019934": "This is the main reason for this series", "497HJHhTDYA-00039-00019934-00020398": "At the moment I'm planning to release 5 videos.", "497HJHhTDYA-00040-00020398-00020687": "With this one 6", "497HJHhTDYA-00041-00020687-00021229": "The first thing I want to discuss is: A Landing Page", "497HJHhTDYA-00042-00021229-00021437": "All of this is a proof of concept.", "497HJHhTDYA-00043-00021437-00021620": "So it's not carved in stone", "497HJHhTDYA-00044-00021620-00022129": "Everything is meant to be discussed and can be changed", "497HJHhTDYA-00045-00022129-00022676": "There are some ideas I would like to have a new landing page and show how it should", "497HJHhTDYA-00046-00022676-00022810": "look like", "497HJHhTDYA-00047-00022810-00023093": "Then some information about Feature Requests", "497HJHhTDYA-00048-00023093-00023398": "How feature requests should look like", "497HJHhTDYA-00049-00023398-00024113": "Let's say the easiest way to give feedback for new users", "497HJHhTDYA-00050-00024113-00024455": "And the possibility, for example: to crate an", "497HJHhTDYA-00051-00024455-00024803": "e-mail workflow for new feature request.", "497HJHhTDYA-00052-00024803-00025393": "There is a suggestion about a New Governance Model", "497HJHhTDYA-00053-00025393-00026293": "How Consensus Seeking should be executed", "497HJHhTDYA-00054-00026293-00026838": "There should be some rules, how someone can become a member with merging rights", "497HJHhTDYA-00055-00026838-00027314": "In this case, how can we create a workflow", "497HJHhTDYA-00056-00027314-00028231": "That the community can really publish independently from the TiddlyWik workflow", "497HJHhTDYA-00057-00028231-00028658": "Then there is some information about TiddlyWiki as a Static Site Generator", "497HJHhTDYA-00058-00028658-00029267": "We have a very very powerful tool which allows us to create sing pages, static", "497HJHhTDYA-00059-00029267-00029624": "pages", "497HJHhTDYA-00060-00029624-00030019": "There is some information about GitLab ToDo Lists", "497HJHhTDYA-00061-00030019-00030363": "or the Web IDE = (Integrated Development Environment)", "497HJHhTDYA-00062-00030363-00031144": "As I said: Everything is a proof of concept at the moment I'm using GitLab", "497HJHhTDYA-00063-00031144-00031577": "Because it gives us the best possibilities.", "497HJHhTDYA-00064-00031577-00031894": "Let's say: Everything which is needed for the workflwo", "497HJHhTDYA-00065-00031894-00032420": "Then as you can see it goes deeper and deeper into development area", "497HJHhTDYA-00066-00032420-00032731": "So there is a Developers Workflow", "497HJHhTDYA-00067-00032731-00033053": "How we can create: Merge Request", "497HJHhTDYA-00068-00033053-00033706": "How Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment can be done", "497HJHhTDYA-00069-00033706-00033981": "There is a lot of work involved.", "497HJHhTDYA-00070-00033981-00034387": "I want to show you how the workflow looks like", "497HJHhTDYA-00071-00034387-00034833": "There should be a proof of concept at the end of the videos", "497HJHhTDYA-00072-00034833-00035390": "There are some external tools, which we have proposed already", "497HJHhTDYA-00073-00035390-00035497": "There is a chat.", "497HJHhTDYA-00074-00035497-00035621": "For example: Gitter", "497HJHhTDYA-00075-00035621-00036293": "Which I don't have at the moment.", "497HJHhTDYA-00076-00036293-00037106": "I'll point you to the element (URL)", "497HJHhTDYA-00077-00037106-00037600": "I personally would like to have the possibility for a voice chat", "497HJHhTDYA-00078-00037600-00037797": "That's why I did setup a Discord server", "497HJHhTDYA-00079-00037797-00038209": "May be there are some other topics which should be discussed", "497HJHhTDYA-00080-00038209-00038834": "That's basically it, what the video series will be about", "497HJHhTDYA-00081-00038834-00039322": "This was the first one and the next one starts with the proposal for a new Landing", "497HJHhTDYA-00082-00039322-00039422": "Page", "497HJHhTDYA-00083-00039422-00039656": "I hope you like it and", "497HJHhTDYA-00084-00039656-00039756": "Have fun!", "497HJHhTDYA-00085-00039756-00039822": "See you!"}}, {"audio_id": "49yoeRgSUSQ", "text": {"49yoeRgSUSQ-00000-00001596-00002052": "So we could justify being out of the house", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00001-00002052-00002300": "by saying we were going to work", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00002-00002300-00002760": "or go shopping, for food, or health supplies", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00003-00002760-00003056": "in pharmacies for example,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00004-00003056-00003356": "we could also go to the hospital,...", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00005-00003356-00003978": "We could also get around town for compelling family motives,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00006-00003978-00004184": "or if we wanted to help vulnerable people", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00007-00004256-00004740": "We could also do some physical activity", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00008-00004740-00005168": "at first without restrictions,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00009-00005168-00005600": "so everyone was out all day, jogging...", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00010-00005600-00005996": "But then, they made a new travel certificate", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00011-00005996-00006364": "with more details:", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00012-00006364-00006823": "the ones I already talked about", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00013-00006823-00007544": "and a precised point, we couldn't do sport all day", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00014-00007544-00008248": "it was time limited, in the morning... I don't remember...", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00015-00008248-00008720": "until 10 a.m., I think, and after 7 p.m.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00016-00008720-00009268": "and above all, any travel was limited", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00017-00009268-00009916": "to a 1 km radius zone around our home.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00018-00010072-00010404": "I live next to Gare de Lyon train station,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00019-00010404-00010844": "1 km around my apartment is approximately up to Bastille Square,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00020-00010844-00011340": "Reuilly-Diderot, or the Austerlitz Bridge.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00021-00011340-00011528": "I think just until the bridge,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00022-00011528-00011768": "or maybe just on the other bank of the Seine River,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00023-00011768-00011904": "and then it's too far.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00024-00011904-00012184": "We've known each other for about a year", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00025-00012184-00012500": "Well, we've met a year ago,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00026-00012500-00013119": "we saw each other little by little,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00027-00013119-00013900": "and then, in September, it became more serious.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00028-00014924-00015336": "As we had to follow these strict rules,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00029-00015336-00015612": "and that we lived pretty far away from each other", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00030-00015612-00016184": "we had to find a solution to see each other.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00031-00016184-00016624": "Considering the fact that he was working not far from me,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00032-00016624-00017092": "he had a certificate allowing him to come very close.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00033-00017212-00017672": "Whereas I, for example, could go to the supermarket.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00034-00017672-00017820": "or go for a walk.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00035-00017924-00018420": "The problem with walks, is that it was limited to one hour.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00036-00018472-00018676": "Whereas shopping was not limited.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00037-00018908-00019412": "We quickly decided, to join useful and pleasant,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00038-00019412-00019616": "and go to the supermarket, together.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00039-00019720-00019984": "Him, seemingly after work,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00040-00019984-00020248": "and me, in my neighbouhood.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00041-00021540-00021852": "We also did some walks afterwards,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00042-00021852-00022144": "resigning new certificates,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00043-00022148-00022508": "as it was limited to one hour, we had to redo it every time.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00044-00022512-00022712": "but it was more stressful,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00045-00022712-00022992": "especially because you had to walk,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00046-00022992-00023316": "you couldn't stay static,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00047-00023316-00023604": "in the street, sit on a bench,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00048-00023616-00024108": "pausing for a moment, admiring the view...", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00049-00024108-00024452": "No, you had to go somewhere,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00050-00024480-00024876": "On the paper, it was indicated as a \"physical activity\".", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00051-00024876-00025596": "So the fact that we couldn't actually stop", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00052-00025596-00026212": "to spend some with each other, it was not that great.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00053-00026248-00026539": "Especially since we hadn't seen each other for a while.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00054-00026562-00026992": "We felt more safe, away from any police control.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00055-00027100-00027498": "People in the supermarket don't really pay attention to others", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00056-00027498-00027900": "so, yes, we had fewer glances from passers-by.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00057-00028042-00028274": "When he was still interacting with co-workers,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00058-00028274-00028516": "we really didn't touch each other.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00059-00028556-00028789": "As time passed, we slipped a bit.", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00060-00029216-00029656": "So, he came to get me, downstairs,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00061-00029656-00029864": "I'd go down the stairs,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00062-00029864-00030392": "with our accessories to justify our travel,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00063-00030392-00030732": "such as our shopping bags or trolley,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00064-00030732-00030983": "the travel certificate and an ID card, of course,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00065-00030983-00031226": "And we would go on our little adventure,", "49yoeRgSUSQ-00066-00031226-00031352": "in the supermarket."}}, {"audio_id": "49_gQfLc7mE", "text": {"49_gQfLc7mE-00000-00000010-00000236": "YOUR SPORTS. >>>  HI, EVERYONE.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00001-00000236-00000243": "YOUR SPORTS. >>>  HI, EVERYONE.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00002-00000243-00000310": "YOUR SPORTS. >>>  HI, EVERYONE.  THANKS FOR JOINING US. THE ASHES", "49_gQfLc7mE-00003-00000310-00000316": "YOUR SPORTS. >>>  HI, EVERYONE.  THANKS FOR JOINING US. THE ASHES", "49_gQfLc7mE-00004-00000316-00000507": "YOUR SPORTS. >>>  HI, EVERYONE.  THANKS FOR JOINING US. THE ASHES ARE STILL SMOLDERING AFTER AN", "49_gQfLc7mE-00005-00000507-00000513": "THANKS FOR JOINING US. THE ASHES ARE STILL SMOLDERING AFTER AN", "49_gQfLc7mE-00006-00000513-00000727": "THANKS FOR JOINING US. THE ASHES ARE STILL SMOLDERING AFTER AN EARLY SATURDAY MORNING FIRE", "49_gQfLc7mE-00007-00000727-00000734": "ARE STILL SMOLDERING AFTER AN EARLY SATURDAY MORNING FIRE", "49_gQfLc7mE-00008-00000734-00000897": "ARE STILL SMOLDERING AFTER AN EARLY SATURDAY MORNING FIRE CLAIMED ST. MARYS CHURCH IN RED", "49_gQfLc7mE-00009-00000897-00000904": "EARLY SATURDAY MORNING FIRE CLAIMED ST. MARYS CHURCH IN RED", "49_gQfLc7mE-00010-00000904-00001057": "EARLY SATURDAY MORNING FIRE CLAIMED ST. MARYS CHURCH IN RED  OUR JOSH PETERSON SHARES WITH U", "49_gQfLc7mE-00011-00001057-00001064": "CLAIMED ST. MARYS CHURCH IN RED  OUR JOSH PETERSON SHARES WITH U", "49_gQfLc7mE-00012-00001064-00001181": "CLAIMED ST. MARYS CHURCH IN RED  OUR JOSH PETERSON SHARES WITH U  THE MEMORIES AND HOW THE CHURCH", "49_gQfLc7mE-00013-00001181-00001187": "OUR JOSH PETERSON SHARES WITH U  THE MEMORIES AND HOW THE CHURCH", "49_gQfLc7mE-00014-00001187-00001571": "OUR JOSH PETERSON SHARES WITH U  THE MEMORIES AND HOW THE CHURCH WILL MOVE FORWARD AFTER THE FIR.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00015-00001571-00001578": "THE MEMORIES AND HOW THE CHURCH WILL MOVE FORWARD AFTER THE FIR.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00016-00001578-00001688": "THE MEMORIES AND HOW THE CHURCH WILL MOVE FORWARD AFTER THE FIR. >> Reporter: WHAT WAS ONCE AN", "49_gQfLc7mE-00017-00001688-00001695": "WILL MOVE FORWARD AFTER THE FIR. >> Reporter: WHAT WAS ONCE AN", "49_gQfLc7mE-00018-00001695-00001831": "WILL MOVE FORWARD AFTER THE FIR. >> Reporter: WHAT WAS ONCE AN HISTORIC LANDMARK IN RED LAKE IN", "49_gQfLc7mE-00019-00001831-00001838": ">> Reporter: WHAT WAS ONCE AN HISTORIC LANDMARK IN RED LAKE IN", "49_gQfLc7mE-00020-00001838-00001985": ">> Reporter: WHAT WAS ONCE AN HISTORIC LANDMARK IN RED LAKE IN A MATTER OF MOMENTS WAS REDUCED", "49_gQfLc7mE-00021-00001985-00001991": "HISTORIC LANDMARK IN RED LAKE IN A MATTER OF MOMENTS WAS REDUCED", "49_gQfLc7mE-00022-00001991-00002202": "HISTORIC LANDMARK IN RED LAKE IN A MATTER OF MOMENTS WAS REDUCED TO A PILE OF RUBBLE AFTER AN", "49_gQfLc7mE-00023-00002202-00002208": "A MATTER OF MOMENTS WAS REDUCED TO A PILE OF RUBBLE AFTER AN", "49_gQfLc7mE-00024-00002208-00002605": "A MATTER OF MOMENTS WAS REDUCED TO A PILE OF RUBBLE AFTER AN EARLY-MORNING FIRE SATURDAY.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00025-00002605-00002612": "TO A PILE OF RUBBLE AFTER AN EARLY-MORNING FIRE SATURDAY.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00026-00002612-00002716": "TO A PILE OF RUBBLE AFTER AN EARLY-MORNING FIRE SATURDAY. ST. MARY'S CHURCH WAS STILL", "49_gQfLc7mE-00027-00002716-00002722": "EARLY-MORNING FIRE SATURDAY. ST. MARY'S CHURCH WAS STILL", "49_gQfLc7mE-00028-00002722-00002842": "EARLY-MORNING FIRE SATURDAY. ST. MARY'S CHURCH WAS STILL SMOLDERING ON SUNDAY, 24 HOURS", "49_gQfLc7mE-00029-00002842-00002849": "ST. MARY'S CHURCH WAS STILL SMOLDERING ON SUNDAY, 24 HOURS", "49_gQfLc7mE-00030-00002849-00002992": "ST. MARY'S CHURCH WAS STILL SMOLDERING ON SUNDAY, 24 HOURS AFTER THE FIRE WAS PUT OUT.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00031-00002992-00002999": "SMOLDERING ON SUNDAY, 24 HOURS AFTER THE FIRE WAS PUT OUT.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00032-00002999-00003643": "SMOLDERING ON SUNDAY, 24 HOURS AFTER THE FIRE WAS PUT OUT. FOR MEMBERS OF THE CONGREGATION,", "49_gQfLc7mE-00033-00003643-00003650": "AFTER THE FIRE WAS PUT OUT. FOR MEMBERS OF THE CONGREGATION,", "49_gQfLc7mE-00034-00003650-00003747": "AFTER THE FIRE WAS PUT OUT. FOR MEMBERS OF THE CONGREGATION, IT WAS HEARTBREAKING.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00035-00003747-00003753": "FOR MEMBERS OF THE CONGREGATION, IT WAS HEARTBREAKING.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00036-00003753-00003937": "FOR MEMBERS OF THE CONGREGATION, IT WAS HEARTBREAKING. >> THE COMMENTS YESTERDAY WERE", "49_gQfLc7mE-00037-00003937-00003943": "IT WAS HEARTBREAKING. >> THE COMMENTS YESTERDAY WERE", "49_gQfLc7mE-00038-00003943-00004170": "IT WAS HEARTBREAKING. >> THE COMMENTS YESTERDAY WERE ABOUT PERSONAL SADNESS, SORROW,", "49_gQfLc7mE-00039-00004170-00004177": ">> THE COMMENTS YESTERDAY WERE ABOUT PERSONAL SADNESS, SORROW,", "49_gQfLc7mE-00040-00004177-00004381": ">> THE COMMENTS YESTERDAY WERE ABOUT PERSONAL SADNESS, SORROW, EVEN DEVASTATION ABOUT HEARING", "49_gQfLc7mE-00041-00004381-00004387": "ABOUT PERSONAL SADNESS, SORROW, EVEN DEVASTATION ABOUT HEARING", "49_gQfLc7mE-00042-00004387-00004614": "ABOUT PERSONAL SADNESS, SORROW, EVEN DEVASTATION ABOUT HEARING THAT THE CHURCH HAD BURNED", "49_gQfLc7mE-00043-00004614-00004621": "EVEN DEVASTATION ABOUT HEARING THAT THE CHURCH HAD BURNED", "49_gQfLc7mE-00044-00004621-00004644": "EVEN DEVASTATION ABOUT HEARING THAT THE CHURCH HAD BURNED DOWN.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00045-00004644-00004651": "THAT THE CHURCH HAD BURNED DOWN.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00046-00004651-00004744": "THAT THE CHURCH HAD BURNED DOWN. >> Reporter: OVER THE WEEKEND,", "49_gQfLc7mE-00047-00004744-00004751": "DOWN. >> Reporter: OVER THE WEEKEND,", "49_gQfLc7mE-00048-00004751-00004908": "DOWN. >> Reporter: OVER THE WEEKEND, MANY COMMUNITY MEMBERS CAME TO", "49_gQfLc7mE-00049-00004908-00004914": ">> Reporter: OVER THE WEEKEND, MANY COMMUNITY MEMBERS CAME TO", "49_gQfLc7mE-00050-00004914-00005068": ">> Reporter: OVER THE WEEKEND, MANY COMMUNITY MEMBERS CAME TO VIEW THE SITE THAT WAS ONCE THE", "49_gQfLc7mE-00051-00005068-00005075": "MANY COMMUNITY MEMBERS CAME TO VIEW THE SITE THAT WAS ONCE THE", "49_gQfLc7mE-00052-00005075-00005171": "MANY COMMUNITY MEMBERS CAME TO VIEW THE SITE THAT WAS ONCE THE CENTER OF RED LAKE.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00053-00005171-00005178": "VIEW THE SITE THAT WAS ONCE THE CENTER OF RED LAKE.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00054-00005178-00005435": "VIEW THE SITE THAT WAS ONCE THE CENTER OF RED LAKE. MANY STOOD IN DISBELIEF AT WHAT", "49_gQfLc7mE-00055-00005435-00005442": "CENTER OF RED LAKE. MANY STOOD IN DISBELIEF AT WHAT", "49_gQfLc7mE-00056-00005442-00005532": "CENTER OF RED LAKE. MANY STOOD IN DISBELIEF AT WHAT HAD HAPPENED.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00057-00005532-00005538": "MANY STOOD IN DISBELIEF AT WHAT HAD HAPPENED.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00058-00005538-00005709": "MANY STOOD IN DISBELIEF AT WHAT HAD HAPPENED. FOR MANY IT WAS A CHANCE TO", "49_gQfLc7mE-00059-00005709-00005715": "HAD HAPPENED. FOR MANY IT WAS A CHANCE TO", "49_gQfLc7mE-00060-00005715-00005939": "HAD HAPPENED. FOR MANY IT WAS A CHANCE TO REFLECT AND REMEMBER.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00061-00005939-00005945": "FOR MANY IT WAS A CHANCE TO REFLECT AND REMEMBER.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00062-00005945-00006216": "FOR MANY IT WAS A CHANCE TO REFLECT AND REMEMBER. >> WE'VE HAD BAPTISMS AND", "49_gQfLc7mE-00063-00006216-00006222": "REFLECT AND REMEMBER. >> WE'VE HAD BAPTISMS AND", "49_gQfLc7mE-00064-00006222-00006296": "REFLECT AND REMEMBER. >> WE'VE HAD BAPTISMS AND CONFIRMATIONS AND MY HUSBAND AND", "49_gQfLc7mE-00065-00006296-00006302": ">> WE'VE HAD BAPTISMS AND CONFIRMATIONS AND MY HUSBAND AND", "49_gQfLc7mE-00066-00006302-00006569": ">> WE'VE HAD BAPTISMS AND CONFIRMATIONS AND MY HUSBAND AND I WERE MARRIED HERE.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00067-00006569-00006576": "CONFIRMATIONS AND MY HUSBAND AND I WERE MARRIED HERE.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00068-00006576-00006626": "CONFIRMATIONS AND MY HUSBAND AND I WERE MARRIED HERE. >> Reporter: OKAY.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00069-00006626-00006633": "I WERE MARRIED HERE. >> Reporter: OKAY.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00070-00006633-00006810": "I WERE MARRIED HERE. >> Reporter: OKAY. >> SO IT -- I'M 70 YEARS OLD AND", "49_gQfLc7mE-00071-00006810-00006816": ">> Reporter: OKAY. >> SO IT -- I'M 70 YEARS OLD AND", "49_gQfLc7mE-00072-00006816-00007090": ">> Reporter: OKAY. >> SO IT -- I'M 70 YEARS OLD AND MY ENTIRE LIFE HAS BEEN ENTWINED", "49_gQfLc7mE-00073-00007090-00007097": ">> SO IT -- I'M 70 YEARS OLD AND MY ENTIRE LIFE HAS BEEN ENTWINED", "49_gQfLc7mE-00074-00007097-00007250": ">> SO IT -- I'M 70 YEARS OLD AND MY ENTIRE LIFE HAS BEEN ENTWINED WITH THE CHURCH.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00075-00007250-00007257": "MY ENTIRE LIFE HAS BEEN ENTWINED WITH THE CHURCH.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00076-00007257-00007400": "MY ENTIRE LIFE HAS BEEN ENTWINED WITH THE CHURCH. >> Reporter: AS THE ASHES STILL", "49_gQfLc7mE-00077-00007400-00007407": "WITH THE CHURCH. >> Reporter: AS THE ASHES STILL", "49_gQfLc7mE-00078-00007407-00007540": "WITH THE CHURCH. >> Reporter: AS THE ASHES STILL SMOLDER, CHURCH WENT ON AS USUAL", "49_gQfLc7mE-00079-00007540-00007547": ">> Reporter: AS THE ASHES STILL SMOLDER, CHURCH WENT ON AS USUAL", "49_gQfLc7mE-00080-00007547-00007664": ">> Reporter: AS THE ASHES STILL SMOLDER, CHURCH WENT ON AS USUAL AT THE SCHOOL NEXT YEAR,", "49_gQfLc7mE-00081-00007664-00007670": "SMOLDER, CHURCH WENT ON AS USUAL AT THE SCHOOL NEXT YEAR,", "49_gQfLc7mE-00082-00007670-00008048": "SMOLDER, CHURCH WENT ON AS USUAL AT THE SCHOOL NEXT YEAR, BRINGING NOT ONLY A", "49_gQfLc7mE-00083-00008048-00008054": "AT THE SCHOOL NEXT YEAR, BRINGING NOT ONLY A", "49_gQfLc7mE-00084-00008054-00008241": "AT THE SCHOOL NEXT YEAR, BRINGING NOT ONLY A CONGREGATION BUT A COMMUNITY", "49_gQfLc7mE-00085-00008241-00008248": "BRINGING NOT ONLY A CONGREGATION BUT A COMMUNITY", "49_gQfLc7mE-00086-00008248-00008281": "BRINGING NOT ONLY A CONGREGATION BUT A COMMUNITY TOGETHER.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00087-00008281-00008288": "CONGREGATION BUT A COMMUNITY TOGETHER.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00088-00008288-00008521": "CONGREGATION BUT A COMMUNITY TOGETHER. FATHER ROGERS DESCRIBE THE", "49_gQfLc7mE-00089-00008521-00008528": "TOGETHER. FATHER ROGERS DESCRIBE THE", "49_gQfLc7mE-00090-00008528-00008738": "TOGETHER. FATHER ROGERS DESCRIBE THE DESCRIBE AS A DEATH OF AN ELDER", "49_gQfLc7mE-00091-00008738-00008745": "FATHER ROGERS DESCRIBE THE DESCRIBE AS A DEATH OF AN ELDER", "49_gQfLc7mE-00092-00008745-00008978": "FATHER ROGERS DESCRIBE THE DESCRIBE AS A DEATH OF AN ELDER SAYING MEMBERS NEED TIME TO", "49_gQfLc7mE-00093-00008978-00008985": "DESCRIBE AS A DEATH OF AN ELDER SAYING MEMBERS NEED TIME TO", "49_gQfLc7mE-00094-00008985-00009135": "DESCRIBE AS A DEATH OF AN ELDER SAYING MEMBERS NEED TIME TO GRIEVE AND REFLECT.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00095-00009135-00009142": "SAYING MEMBERS NEED TIME TO GRIEVE AND REFLECT.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00096-00009142-00009215": "SAYING MEMBERS NEED TIME TO GRIEVE AND REFLECT. >> THAT CHURCH HAS BEEN A SOURCE", "49_gQfLc7mE-00097-00009215-00009222": "GRIEVE AND REFLECT. >> THAT CHURCH HAS BEEN A SOURCE", "49_gQfLc7mE-00098-00009222-00009452": "GRIEVE AND REFLECT. >> THAT CHURCH HAS BEEN A SOURCE OF WISDOM FOR OVER A CENTURY.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00099-00009452-00009459": ">> THAT CHURCH HAS BEEN A SOURCE OF WISDOM FOR OVER A CENTURY.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00100-00009459-00009542": ">> THAT CHURCH HAS BEEN A SOURCE OF WISDOM FOR OVER A CENTURY. NOT ONLY THAT.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00101-00009542-00009549": "OF WISDOM FOR OVER A CENTURY. NOT ONLY THAT.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00102-00009549-00009729": "OF WISDOM FOR OVER A CENTURY. NOT ONLY THAT. IT'S WHERE WISDOM RESIDED", "49_gQfLc7mE-00103-00009729-00009736": "NOT ONLY THAT. IT'S WHERE WISDOM RESIDED", "49_gQfLc7mE-00104-00009736-00010066": "NOT ONLY THAT. IT'S WHERE WISDOM RESIDED BECAUSE FOR US, WISDOM IS", "49_gQfLc7mE-00105-00010066-00010073": "IT'S WHERE WISDOM RESIDED BECAUSE FOR US, WISDOM IS", "49_gQfLc7mE-00106-00010073-00010100": "IT'S WHERE WISDOM RESIDED BECAUSE FOR US, WISDOM IS JESUS.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00107-00010100-00010106": "BECAUSE FOR US, WISDOM IS JESUS.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00108-00010106-00010173": "BECAUSE FOR US, WISDOM IS JESUS. >> Reporter: THE FATHER AND", "49_gQfLc7mE-00109-00010173-00010180": "JESUS. >> Reporter: THE FATHER AND", "49_gQfLc7mE-00110-00010180-00010330": "JESUS. >> Reporter: THE FATHER AND OTHERS FEEL THIS IS A TIME THAT", "49_gQfLc7mE-00111-00010330-00010336": ">> Reporter: THE FATHER AND OTHERS FEEL THIS IS A TIME THAT", "49_gQfLc7mE-00112-00010336-00010497": ">> Reporter: THE FATHER AND OTHERS FEEL THIS IS A TIME THAT WILL BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER AND", "49_gQfLc7mE-00113-00010497-00010503": "OTHERS FEEL THIS IS A TIME THAT WILL BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER AND", "49_gQfLc7mE-00114-00010503-00010673": "OTHERS FEEL THIS IS A TIME THAT WILL BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER AND STRENGTHEN THE SPIRITUAL", "49_gQfLc7mE-00115-00010673-00010680": "WILL BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER AND STRENGTHEN THE SPIRITUAL", "49_gQfLc7mE-00116-00010680-00010727": "WILL BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER AND STRENGTHEN THE SPIRITUAL COMMUNITY.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00117-00010727-00010734": "STRENGTHEN THE SPIRITUAL COMMUNITY.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00118-00010734-00010924": "STRENGTHEN THE SPIRITUAL COMMUNITY. >> THE CHURCH HAS NOT BURNED.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00119-00010924-00010930": "COMMUNITY. >> THE CHURCH HAS NOT BURNED.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00120-00010930-00011091": "COMMUNITY. >> THE CHURCH HAS NOT BURNED. THE CHURCH IS VERY MUCH ALIVE.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00121-00011091-00011097": ">> THE CHURCH HAS NOT BURNED. THE CHURCH IS VERY MUCH ALIVE.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00122-00011097-00011264": ">> THE CHURCH HAS NOT BURNED. THE CHURCH IS VERY MUCH ALIVE. IT'S IN THE HEARTS OF OUR", "49_gQfLc7mE-00123-00011264-00011271": "THE CHURCH IS VERY MUCH ALIVE. IT'S IN THE HEARTS OF OUR", "49_gQfLc7mE-00124-00011271-00011297": "THE CHURCH IS VERY MUCH ALIVE. IT'S IN THE HEARTS OF OUR PEOPLE.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00125-00011297-00011304": "IT'S IN THE HEARTS OF OUR PEOPLE.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00126-00011304-00011694": "IT'S IN THE HEARTS OF OUR PEOPLE. I'M ASSURED THAT THE FUTURE WILL", "49_gQfLc7mE-00127-00011694-00011701": "PEOPLE. I'M ASSURED THAT THE FUTURE WILL", "49_gQfLc7mE-00128-00011701-00012038": "PEOPLE. I'M ASSURED THAT THE FUTURE WILL HAVE A HOPEFUL FUTURE.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00129-00012038-00012045": "I'M ASSURED THAT THE FUTURE WILL HAVE A HOPEFUL FUTURE.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00130-00012045-00012662": "I'M ASSURED THAT THE FUTURE WILL HAVE A HOPEFUL FUTURE. >> I THINK IT WILL BE A RENEWAL", "49_gQfLc7mE-00131-00012662-00012669": "HAVE A HOPEFUL FUTURE. >> I THINK IT WILL BE A RENEWAL", "49_gQfLc7mE-00132-00012669-00012836": "HAVE A HOPEFUL FUTURE. >> I THINK IT WILL BE A RENEWAL AND REINVIGORATING OF THE CHURCH", "49_gQfLc7mE-00133-00012836-00012842": ">> I THINK IT WILL BE A RENEWAL AND REINVIGORATING OF THE CHURCH", "49_gQfLc7mE-00134-00012842-00013019": ">> I THINK IT WILL BE A RENEWAL AND REINVIGORATING OF THE CHURCH OF THE PEOPLE WHO ARE THE", "49_gQfLc7mE-00135-00013019-00013026": "AND REINVIGORATING OF THE CHURCH OF THE PEOPLE WHO ARE THE", "49_gQfLc7mE-00136-00013026-00013109": "AND REINVIGORATING OF THE CHURCH OF THE PEOPLE WHO ARE THE CHURCH.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00137-00013109-00013116": "OF THE PEOPLE WHO ARE THE CHURCH.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00138-00013116-00013206": "OF THE PEOPLE WHO ARE THE CHURCH. >> Reporter: FATHER ROGERS ASKED", "49_gQfLc7mE-00139-00013206-00013213": "CHURCH. >> Reporter: FATHER ROGERS ASKED", "49_gQfLc7mE-00140-00013213-00013333": "CHURCH. >> Reporter: FATHER ROGERS ASKED FOR EVERYONE TO PRAY FOR ALL OF", "49_gQfLc7mE-00141-00013333-00013339": ">> Reporter: FATHER ROGERS ASKED FOR EVERYONE TO PRAY FOR ALL OF", "49_gQfLc7mE-00142-00013339-00013570": ">> Reporter: FATHER ROGERS ASKED FOR EVERYONE TO PRAY FOR ALL OF THE MEMBERS OF HIS CHURCH AT A", "49_gQfLc7mE-00143-00013570-00013576": "FOR EVERYONE TO PRAY FOR ALL OF THE MEMBERS OF HIS CHURCH AT A", "49_gQfLc7mE-00144-00013576-00013727": "FOR EVERYONE TO PRAY FOR ALL OF THE MEMBERS OF HIS CHURCH AT A TIME WHEN ALL SEEMS LOST, THE", "49_gQfLc7mE-00145-00013727-00013733": "THE MEMBERS OF HIS CHURCH AT A TIME WHEN ALL SEEMS LOST, THE", "49_gQfLc7mE-00146-00013733-00013913": "THE MEMBERS OF HIS CHURCH AT A TIME WHEN ALL SEEMS LOST, THE LOVE AND SAVING GRACE OF GOD IS", "49_gQfLc7mE-00147-00013913-00013920": "TIME WHEN ALL SEEMS LOST, THE LOVE AND SAVING GRACE OF GOD IS", "49_gQfLc7mE-00148-00013920-00014047": "TIME WHEN ALL SEEMS LOST, THE LOVE AND SAVING GRACE OF GOD IS FOUND WORKING WITHIN EACH MEMBER", "49_gQfLc7mE-00149-00014047-00014054": "LOVE AND SAVING GRACE OF GOD IS FOUND WORKING WITHIN EACH MEMBER", "49_gQfLc7mE-00150-00014054-00014230": "LOVE AND SAVING GRACE OF GOD IS FOUND WORKING WITHIN EACH MEMBER OF THE CONGREGATION AND RISING", "49_gQfLc7mE-00151-00014230-00014237": "FOUND WORKING WITHIN EACH MEMBER OF THE CONGREGATION AND RISING", "49_gQfLc7mE-00152-00014237-00014444": "FOUND WORKING WITHIN EACH MEMBER OF THE CONGREGATION AND RISING UP TO MEET ANY CHALLENGE HEAD", "49_gQfLc7mE-00153-00014444-00014451": "OF THE CONGREGATION AND RISING UP TO MEET ANY CHALLENGE HEAD", "49_gQfLc7mE-00154-00014451-00014501": "OF THE CONGREGATION AND RISING UP TO MEET ANY CHALLENGE HEAD ON.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00155-00014501-00014507": "UP TO MEET ANY CHALLENGE HEAD ON.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00156-00014507-00014771": "UP TO MEET ANY CHALLENGE HEAD ON. IN RED LAKE, JOSH PETERSON,", "49_gQfLc7mE-00157-00014771-00014778": "ON. IN RED LAKE, JOSH PETERSON,", "49_gQfLc7mE-00158-00014778-00015048": "ON. IN RED LAKE, JOSH PETERSON, LAKELAND NEWS.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00159-00015048-00015055": "IN RED LAKE, JOSH PETERSON, LAKELAND NEWS.", "49_gQfLc7mE-00160-00015055-00015118": "IN RED LAKE, JOSH PETERSON, LAKELAND NEWS. >> THE CAUSE OF THE FIRE IS", "49_gQfLc7mE-00161-00015118-00015125": "LAKELAND NEWS. >> THE CAUSE OF THE FIRE IS", "49_gQfLc7mE-00162-00015125-00015175": "LAKELAND NEWS. >> THE CAUSE OF THE FIRE IS  STILL UNDER INVESTIGATION. NO"}}, {"audio_id": "49effHHIS64", "text": {"49effHHIS64-00000-00000140-00000408": ">>Sheryl: What we're trying to do in the DO-IT Center is", "49effHHIS64-00001-00000408-00000624": "to help students with disabilities", "49effHHIS64-00002-00000624-00000926": "be successful in college and careers,", "49effHHIS64-00003-00000927-00001200": "but also using technology as an empowering tool.", "49effHHIS64-00004-00001200-00001456": "I founded the DO-IT program in 1992", "49effHHIS64-00005-00001456-00001696": "with a grant from the National Science Foundation,", "49effHHIS64-00006-00001696-00002096": "and the idea was to help students with disabilities from high school,", "49effHHIS64-00007-00002096-00002464": "transition to college, into graduate school and onto careers.", "49effHHIS64-00008-00002464-00002648": "We have summer programs for teens with disabilities", "49effHHIS64-00009-00002648-00002792": "to get ready for college.", "49effHHIS64-00010-00002792-00002984": "We have an online mentoring program", "49effHHIS64-00011-00002984-00003296": "and we work with faculty to help them make their courses accessible", "49effHHIS64-00012-00003296-00003528": "and technology companies in making their technology", "49effHHIS64-00013-00003528-00003696": "accessible to people with disabilities", "49effHHIS64-00014-00003696-00003872": "and even with parents, to help their children", "49effHHIS64-00015-00003872-00004047": "with disabilities prepare for adult life.", "49effHHIS64-00016-00004047-00004352": ">>Scott: One of the things that makes the DO-IT Center unique", "49effHHIS64-00017-00004352-00004725": "is that we embrace students with a wide variety of disabilities", "49effHHIS64-00018-00004728-00004930": "and so as we engage in all of our activities,", "49effHHIS64-00019-00004930-00005312": "students learn about one another's challenges", "49effHHIS64-00020-00005312-00005538": "and the access barriers that they face.", "49effHHIS64-00021-00005543-00005672": ">>Sheryl: Many of our projects are funded", "49effHHIS64-00022-00005672-00005780": "by the National Science Foundation,", "49effHHIS64-00023-00005780-00005992": "for example, AccessComputing.", "49effHHIS64-00024-00005992-00006288": "We work with computing faculty nationwide", "49effHHIS64-00025-00006288-00006631": "to help them include students with disabilities in their programs.", "49effHHIS64-00026-00006631-00006848": "We have a similar project called AccessEngineering,", "49effHHIS64-00027-00006848-00007064": "where we work with engineering faculty.", "49effHHIS64-00028-00007064-00007512": "Another project that we have is called AccessISL, Informal Science Learning and", "49effHHIS64-00029-00007512-00007856": "there we're working with people that develop museum exhibits,", "49effHHIS64-00030-00007856-00008204": "helping them make them more accessible to people with disabilities.", "49effHHIS64-00031-00008204-00008400": "The DO-IT Scholars program", "49effHHIS64-00032-00008400-00008633": "is where we work with teens with disabilities,", "49effHHIS64-00033-00008633-00008942": "to get them ready for college and careers.", "49effHHIS64-00034-00008942-00009088": ">>Scott: The DO-IT Scholars program draws students", "49effHHIS64-00035-00009088-00009246": "from all over the State.", "49effHHIS64-00036-00009248-00009656": "And we really work with each student to help them identify", "49effHHIS64-00037-00009656-00010008": "what post-secondary experience will be best for them and their family.", "49effHHIS64-00038-00010008-00010280": "What we find most important is to talk with that student,", "49effHHIS64-00039-00010280-00010573": "about what they are interested in, where they want to go,", "49effHHIS64-00040-00010576-00010756": "and help them go there.", "49effHHIS64-00041-00010760-00011064": "For the DO-IT Scholars program, we'd like to start engaging students and families", "49effHHIS64-00042-00011064-00011224": "when they're sophomores in high school.", "49effHHIS64-00043-00011224-00011416": "We invite them to come and live with us", "49effHHIS64-00044-00011416-00011648": "on the University campus for three summers:", "49effHHIS64-00045-00011648-00011896": "after their sophomore year, after their junior year,", "49effHHIS64-00046-00011896-00012158": "and then as they're graduating high school.", "49effHHIS64-00047-00012160-00012384": "When the DO-IT Scholars are at summer camp,", "49effHHIS64-00048-00012384-00012680": "they take a lot of classes and courses with us", "49effHHIS64-00049-00012680-00013054": "and so some of those are related to leadership and advocacy.", "49effHHIS64-00050-00013056-00013280": "Some of those are related to different career fields", "49effHHIS64-00051-00013280-00013408": "that they might want to learn about", "49effHHIS64-00052-00013408-00013728": "and some of it is related to college access", "49effHHIS64-00053-00013728-00014139": "and how to advocate for what you might need in a college environment.", "49effHHIS64-00054-00014139-00014328": ">>Kat: We always love working with the DO-IT Scholars.", "49effHHIS64-00055-00014328-00014608": "They bring energy, creativity and innovation", "49effHHIS64-00056-00014608-00014991": "to every program, whether it's the classroom, a summer program", "49effHHIS64-00057-00014991-00015304": "or another event going on on campus.", "49effHHIS64-00058-00015304-00015632": "AccessEngineering is a program where our goals are to both", "49effHHIS64-00059-00015632-00016008": "encourage more individuals with disabilities to pursue careers in engineering", "49effHHIS64-00060-00016008-00016408": "and to also train all of our engineers in principles of universal design.", "49effHHIS64-00061-00016408-00016942": "AccessEngineering has partnered tightly with the DO-IT Center and the Scholars.", "49effHHIS64-00062-00016944-00017400": "Each summer we run instructional programs to help the DO-IT Scholars", "49effHHIS64-00063-00017400-00017663": "explore different career paths in engineering.", "49effHHIS64-00064-00017664-00018109": "However, the DO-IT Scholars also have helped us immensely in making the campus,", "49effHHIS64-00065-00018112-00018384": "and in particular, engineering, more inclusive.", "49effHHIS64-00066-00018384-00018743": ">>Scott: For their third summer, as high school graduates,", "49effHHIS64-00067-00018744-00018952": "many of whom have been accepted into college,", "49effHHIS64-00068-00018952-00019216": "they work as leaders and mentors to the younger students", "49effHHIS64-00069-00019216-00019490": "who are with us for the summer.", "49effHHIS64-00070-00019490-00019872": ">>Randy: I was one of the first DO-IT Scholars.", "49effHHIS64-00071-00019872-00020280": "The mentorship that I had early on from DO-IT", "49effHHIS64-00072-00020280-00020900": "was sufficient to show me how to actually mentor people", "49effHHIS64-00073-00020900-00021488": "and that has specifically influenced my career because I manage people now.", "49effHHIS64-00074-00021488-00021896": ">>Rochelle: What my high school didn't necessarily have", "49effHHIS64-00075-00021896-00022248": "and the DO-IT program did was a community", "49effHHIS64-00076-00022248-00022520": "that focused on disability empowerment.", "49effHHIS64-00077-00022520-00022808": "It's very nice to finally be in a community", "49effHHIS64-00078-00022808-00023223": "where I didn't feel as isolated as I did in the past.", "49effHHIS64-00079-00023223-00023424": ">>Anita: The DO-IT Scholars program taught me", "49effHHIS64-00080-00023424-00023932": "that I really need to be willing to advocate for myself,", "49effHHIS64-00081-00023936-00024352": "not just out in the typical everyday world,", "49effHHIS64-00082-00024352-00024688": "but in classes with professors and saying,", "49effHHIS64-00083-00024688-00025200": "That's not going to work for me or I really need my extended time.", "49effHHIS64-00084-00025221-00025544": ">>Kayla: I got into the program when I was a junior in high school", "49effHHIS64-00085-00025544-00026109": "and that was the first time that I met other people with disabilities who", "49effHHIS64-00086-00026112-00026520": "wanted to go to college, who had expectations", "49effHHIS64-00087-00026520-00026718": "that they were gonna go to college.", "49effHHIS64-00088-00026720-00027118": "and were thinking about a career even beyond.", "49effHHIS64-00089-00027127-00027304": ">>Sheryl: I've hired a lot of people in my life,", "49effHHIS64-00090-00027304-00027631": "and I've never hired them because of what they can't do.", "49effHHIS64-00091-00027632-00027836": "It's always because of what they can do", "49effHHIS64-00092-00027839-00028094": "and the DO-IT program, these kids have an opportunity", "49effHHIS64-00093-00028094-00028544": "to meet adults that see their opportunities before them", "49effHHIS64-00094-00028544-00028839": "and figure out how they can maximize the use of those skills and", "49effHHIS64-00095-00028839-00029104": "interests they have to be successful."}}, {"audio_id": "49YgSXS1Tqg", "text": {"49YgSXS1Tqg-00000-00002000-00002800": "Hello, so we have now come to the end of the course. This is going to be my last lecture;", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00001-00003009-00003709": "trying to wind up whatever we had started about the electric field and magnetic field.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00002-00003717-00004417": "In our last lecture, we had taken one example and discussed the electric field and magnetic", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00003-00004422-00005480": "field transformation. We had said that, what appears to be a purely a magnetic field or", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00004-00005480-00005952": "an electric field in the frame may appear to be combination of electric field and magnetic", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00005-00005952-00006472": "field in a different frame. So, whether you term a field as electric or", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00006-00006472-00006970": "magnetic or partly electric or partly magnetic, it could depend on the frame of reference", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00007-00006970-00007597": "from which you are observing. Today what we will try to do is try to analyze the situation", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00008-00007597-00008253": "little bit more and try to see how we can think about the presence of these fields or", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00009-00008253-00008932": "change these fields, by taking one simple example of a current carrying wire or current", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00010-00008932-00009632": "carrying conductor. Then eventually will show, I will not really be able to show because", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00011-00009711-00010411": "you know this is actually beyond the scope of this particular lecture series, that Maxwell’s", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00012-00010424-00010946": "equations which are supposed to be the basic equations in electrodynamics, they remain", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00013-00010946-00011611": "unaltered even after special theory of relativity. So, there those equations do not change once", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00014-00011611-00012239": "that special theory of relativities also introduced. So, they are invariant under special theory", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00015-00012239-00012825": "of relativity. So as I said this particular aspect will not be able to be prove, as it", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00016-00012825-00013338": "is beyond scope of this particular course, but we will just take one equation and try", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00017-00013338-00013994": "to sort of convince I would say, try to convince that for one equation will sort of say that", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00018-00013994-00014648": "you know, you can sort of see that Maxwell’s equation is expected to be obeyed. So, this", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00019-00014648-00015035": "is what we are going to do in our last lecture today.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00020-00015035-00015569": "So, this is what we have said we recapitulate; we discussed an example using electric and", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00021-00015569-00015794": "magnetic field transformation in our last lecture.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00022-00015794-00016469": "To get a physical feeling how the fields could change in different frames, we discuss a new", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00023-00016469-00017157": "concept today which you call as a current density four-vector. As I said, we want to", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00024-00017157-00017669": "discuss little bit more physically by taking current carrying conductor but before we come", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00025-00017669-00018369": "to that situation, we will define what we call as a current density four-vector.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00026-00018454-00019073": "Before we do that, let us first take traditionally what we mean by a current density. In physics", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00027-00019073-00019715": "generally, current density is considered a little more fundamental than the current and", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00028-00019715-00020415": "current density is always a vector quantity. This concept of current density emerges more", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00029-00020476-00021176": "from the fundamental aspects of how the motion of charge carriers takes place in a particular", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00030-00021290-00021990": "wire or particular conductor. So, let us assume that we have n charge carriers per unit volume", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00031-00022068-00022766": "in a given conductor or given wire which is carrying current. Now of course, we know that", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00032-00022766-00023385": "is actually the electrons which carry the current which are negatively charged particle.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00033-00023385-00023851": "But somehow traditionally the direction of the current has been always defined to be", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00034-00023851-00024416": "opposite direction of the flow of the electron. So, if the electrons sort of flow in the negative", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00035-00024416-00025116": "x-direction, we define the standard traditional current in the positive x-direction. As we", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00036-00025151-00025788": "said let us assume that there are n charge carriers per unit volume and each one of them", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00037-00025788-00026366": "is carrying a charge of plus e. So, I am just assuming that the charge carriers are positive,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00038-00026366-00027066": "though as I have said that actually the charge carriers in a real conductor is posed to be", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00039-00027077-00027504": "electrons which are negative charge carriers. But just for defining the concept of current", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00040-00027504-00028204": "density, I take this as positive charge carriers. Now we evolve the concept of what we call", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00041-00028226-00028895": "is the drift velocity. Actually once we apply electric field, these charge carriers start", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00042-00028895-00029458": "accelerating under the influence of the force which is created by this particular electric", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00043-00029458-00030158": "field, but because of the scattering that these electrons or the charge carriers, whatever", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00044-00030200-00030688": "they are, freeze within a metal or within a conductor.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00045-00030688-00031141": "They are not able to move too much ahead, they go little bit ahead and then they get", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00046-00031141-00031806": "scattered; then they again accelerate and then they get scattered and if you remember,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00047-00031806-00032400": "what we can define that under the influence of electric field, these electrons will eventually", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00048-00032400-00033100": "develop what we call as the drift velocity. It is something like the motion of air, breeze,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00049-00033490-00034166": "the molecules in air may be moving with very large speeds, but we do not feel it.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00050-00034166-00034682": "Only when the overall air drifts, which may be drifting with very small speed in comparison", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00051-00034682-00035175": "to the actual speed of the molecules; that we feel that there is a breeze. So, that is", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00052-00035175-00035683": "what is the drift of this whole air. So, similarly is the concept of electrons; the electrons", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00053-00035683-00036176": "could be moving in very large speed inside a conductor, but if there is one electron", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00054-00036176-00036671": "is way, another electron is moving this way. So, eventually you do not see any drift; only", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00055-00036671-00037203": "when there is net flow of electron in a particular direction, then only we see the current and", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00056-00037203-00037649": "that happens when we apply an electric field and then we define what we call as a drift", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00057-00037649-00037773": "velocity.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00058-00037773-00038473": "Now current density vector J is defined in terms of this drift velocity as follows. J", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00059-00038549-00039121": "is equal to ne times drift velocity, where as I have said n is the total number of charge", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00060-00039121-00039734": "carriers per unit volume, E is the charge of each of the carrier which I am assuming", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00061-00039734-00040291": "at the moment to be positive; actually it makes no difference if we take for an electron.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00062-00040291-00040812": "We have to take care of science properly; otherwise, this equation which defines the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00063-00040812-00041512": "current density inside the metal or inside the conductor.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00064-00041527-00042227": "Now if the situation is viewed from a different frame, then obviously we expect that the velocity", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00065-00042270-00042705": "of the electron would not be same, because we have discussed number of times that the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00066-00042705-00043227": "velocity is actually frame dependent quantity. So if I go to a different frame, the drift", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00067-00043227-00043927": "velocity that you are seeing in a given frame may turn out to be different; it is very well", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00068-00044004-00044566": "expected. Also I would like to emphasize that even the current density or charge density,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00069-00044566-00045028": "not sorry current density, the charge density would be different and that is mainly because", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00070-00045028-00045454": "of the length contraction. Because once we have come to the case of relativity", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00071-00045454-00046154": "theory, we will find that there is a contraction of length; and that itself would change the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00072-00046186-00046713": "charge density, and if charge density change, the drift velocity change. So when I look", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00073-00046713-00047355": "into a different frame of reference, the current density is also expected to change. Therefore,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00074-00047355-00048019": "I must look on in relativity, how this current density will change if I change my frame of", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00075-00048019-00048294": "reference; that is what is the question that we are going to answer now.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00076-00048294-00048994": "That is what I said; let us examine this concept from the point of view of relativity. For", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00077-00049215-00049798": "that particular thing, let us assume comparatively simpler picture. Let us not bother about the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00078-00049798-00050347": "drift velocities and other things. We will just take comparative, very very simple picture", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00079-00050347-00050890": "and try to see how this current densities will transform if I go from one particular", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00080-00050890-00051105": "frame of reference to another frame of reference.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00081-00051105-00051804": "So, let us assume that we have a volume which contains all the positive charges; each one", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00082-00051976-00052655": "of which has a value of q which moves with a velocity u. So, let us assume that all of", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00083-00052655-00053058": "them move with the same velocity because there is no question of drift here; I do not want", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00084-00053058-00053672": "to confuse, will about drift little later. So, let us assume that they all of them moving", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00085-00053672-00054372": "with the same velocity u as seen in the given frame S; obviously, when these charges move", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00086-00054416-00055041": "in a particular direction, this will constitute current or eventually current density.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00087-00055041-00055449": "Let n be the number of charge carriers per unit volume as seen in this frame. We have", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00088-00055449-00055927": "just now said that this n is also likely to be frame dependent; I would discuss this point", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00089-00055927-00056477": "little more in detail little later. So, we have a frame; as we are always telling, we", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00090-00056477-00057091": "have to be consistent in our frame. So, there is an observer sitting in s frame, which absorbs", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00091-00057091-00057694": "the velocity of the charge carrier to be u and first he calculates the total charged", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00092-00057694-00058221": "number density or charge density, if you call it as number density; then that is the number", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00093-00058221-00058921": "of charge carriers per unit volume. He absorbs that number to be equal to n.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00094-00059176-00059845": "Now let us define a four scalar; we have used the concept of four scalar earlier. This is", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00095-00059845-00060357": "the quantity which does not change, when we change our frame of reference. See like we", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00096-00060357-00061020": "have defined, when from velocity to momentum; at the time, we multiplied by four scalar", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00097-00061020-00061720": "which we called as the rest mass of the particle. Similarly here, we define a four scalar n", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00098-00061763-00062439": "naught which does not change on frame of reference. This of course is going to be different from", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00099-00062439-00063099": "n and this is the number density; that is the number of charge carriers per unit volume", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00100-00063099-00063579": "in a frame of reference in which these charges are at rest.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00101-00063579-00064246": "See like rest mass, we define that this is the mass what we call in a frame of reference.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00102-00064246-00064946": "When the particular mass is at rest, take analogy from the particular concept. Similarly", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00103-00064967-00065429": "we define a number density, total number of charge carriers per unit volume as evaluated", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00104-00065429-00066130": "in a frame of reference in which these charges are at rest; this n that a person is going", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00105-00066173-00066689": "to find out in S is going to be different from n naught as we will see just now.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00106-00066689-00067389": "Now the charge density in the frame S is higher from the proper one; this number n, I can", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00107-00067502-00068130": "call as a proper number density, n naught sorry, this n naught we can call as a proper", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00108-00068130-00068536": "number density because this is evaluated in a frame of reference in which these charges", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00109-00068536-00069236": "are at rest. Now what I insist that, the n that I am evaluating in S; S is the frame", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00110-00069243-00069736": "in which the charges are actually moving. In this frame, the number density would be", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00111-00069736-00070433": "different from its proper density n naught mainly because of this length contraction;", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00112-00070433-00070881": "and this length contraction always occurs along the relative velocity direction. So,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00113-00070881-00071367": "let us look in to this particular picture.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00114-00071367-00072067": "Let suppose we have a wire or a conductor like this and let us assume that this is in", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00115-00072433-00072866": "the x-direction. Now they are charge carriers here; that is the negative charge carriers", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00116-00072866-00073373": "whatever are. Here we have assumed positive, so let us assume positive. Let us assume that", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00117-00073373-00073892": "they are moving in a particular direction x. Now if I view this particular thing from", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00118-00073892-00074472": "a different frame of reference, then in that particular case and let us assume that this", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00119-00074472-00074877": "particular frame of reference; let us say as prime or whatever is that particular frame", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00120-00074877-00075577": "of reference. A person sitting in that frame views these charge carriers, then that particular", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00121-00075675-00076298": "person would find that this length is contracted. I am assuming that this particular frame is", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00122-00076298-00076841": "actually moving in the same direction as x. So, we know that standard length contraction", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00123-00076841-00077320": "formula. So according to this person, the length will turn out to be smaller and the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00124-00077320-00077795": "dimensions would not change. And this length will become smaller by a factor of gamma u;", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00125-00077795-00078372": "new length or the length as seen in different frame of reference will be gamma u times the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00126-00078372-00079072": "original or the proper length. Therefore, the volume of this particular material will", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00127-00079208-00079908": "also go down by gamma u, because no other dimensions change. So, if you have let us", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00128-00080027-00080470": "say now the dimensions are a, b, c, then only one of them becomes gamma a and b and c remains", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00129-00080470-00080745": "same. So when I take the volume, volume goes down", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00130-00080745-00081222": "by a factor of gamma u and therefore charge density, the total number of charge carriers", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00131-00081222-00081911": "per unit volume go up by a factor of gamma u. So, that is what I say that if I have come", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00132-00081911-00082463": "to this particular frame of reference S in which I find that these charges are moving,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00133-00082463-00083063": "then this number density that will be evaluated by the frame will be different from its proper", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00134-00083063-00083589": "number density because of the length contraction and therefore, this particular factor will", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00135-00083589-00084199": "get modified or get multiplied by a factor of gamma u.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00136-00084199-00084786": "Hence the current density if I have to write in S frame, I have to write the total number", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00137-00084786-00085348": "of charge carriers per unit volume which I know; I have earlier written as n, will actually", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00138-00085348-00086048": "be gamma u times and not where n naught is actually four-scalar. This factor is n and", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00139-00086283-00086983": "this n is gamma u times n naught. Using the definition of charge density that we had used", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00140-00087001-00087483": "earlier, this equation we can write that current density is total number of charge carriers", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00141-00087483-00088137": "per unit volume, which is gamma u times n naught multiplied by the q multiplied by the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00142-00088137-00088406": "velocity; I am assuming all of them are moving in the same velocity.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00143-00088406-00089041": "So, this will be the current density as seen in this particular frame of reference. So,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00144-00089041-00089458": "the only reason why I am writing this equation in this particular form is because I am using", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00145-00089458-00090158": "a four scalar here. If I would have written just n, this n would have changed if I would", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00146-00090202-00090902": "have want different frame of reference, while this n naught is going to be the same in all", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00147-00091163-00091697": "the frames. Now instead of number density sometimes we define charge density. This charge", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00148-00091697-00092220": "density is very simple; just multiply whatever is the n naught multiply by the charge which", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00149-00092220-00092356": "is q.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00150-00092356-00092829": "So, this is a very simple definition; most of the time we talk in terms of charge density", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00151-00092829-00093494": "rather than number density. So we define the charge density rho and like we have defined", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00152-00093494-00094139": "a proper number density, we can define a proper charge density rho naught as follows. So,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00153-00094139-00094655": "rho naught whatever was the number density multiplied by charge; it is very simple it", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00154-00094655-00095136": "is the charge density. The total number multiplied by charge. Similarly, the charge density in", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00155-00095136-00095758": "a particular frame is the total number density as seen in that frame multiplied by q. So,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00156-00095758-00096370": "this rho is equal to n q and rho naught which is the proper charge density is n naught q", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00157-00096370-00096774": "and because as we have discussed n is equal to gamma u n naught.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00158-00096774-00097437": "So, this particular factor rho naught and this equation rho can be written as gamma", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00159-00097437-00098036": "u rho naught, because this is n naught q. This n I can write this as gamma u n naught,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00160-00098036-00098618": "n naught if I observe here this becomes rho naught. So, this becomes gamma u rho naught.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00161-00098618-00099243": "So, rho charge density in a particular frame of reference can be written as gamma u rho", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00162-00099243-00099807": "naught and only thing that I insist, that this rho naught is also a four scalar because", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00163-00099807-00100507": "n naught is a four scalar. And q the charge in relativity we do not expect this to change,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00164-00100593-00101176": "first we change the frame of reference. This point we have not specifically mentioned earlier,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00165-00101176-00101876": "but let us emphasize it now. The charges do not change once we change the frame of reference.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00166-00101992-00102692": "Therefore, this quantity rho naught is also a four scalar.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00167-00102697-00103397": "So, we can write the current density now in terms of this equation J is gamma u rho naught", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00168-00103448-00104148": "u is what we have written here earlier; except this gamma u n naught. This n naught, I am", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00169-00104184-00104673": "sorry, have been written in terms of rho naught; that is all have done in this equation. So,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00170-00104673-00105266": "this is J is equal to gamma u rho naught u.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00171-00105266-00105966": "Now I am in a position to define current density four-vector. If you remember in one of our", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00172-00106122-00106822": "earlier lectures, we have talked about the velocity four-vector. We have said that U", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00173-00106942-00107642": "x, U y, U z, they are not the components of the four-vector or the velocity four-vector.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00174-00107784-00108333": "See remember P x, P y, P z are the first three components of the momentum four-vector, but", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00175-00108333-00108898": "U x, U y, U z are not the component or not the first three components of velocity four-vector.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00176-00108898-00109423": "In fact, what are actually the first three components? They are gamma u U x, gamma u", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00177-00109423-00109999": "U y gamma u U z. This aspect we have discussed much more in detail when we were discussing", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00178-00109999-00110548": "the velocity four-vector. So, this velocity four-vector, the components", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00179-00110548-00111132": "are given gamma u times U x; this is the first component. Second component is U y, third", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00180-00111132-00111761": "component is U z. This is iC; all have to be multiplied by gamma u. So, strictly that", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00181-00111761-00112276": "mean that the first component of velocity four-vector will be gamma u U x; second will", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00182-00112276-00112976": "be gamma u U y; third will be gamma u U z; and the fourth component will be I gamma u", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00183-00113090-00113682": "C. This is what we have defined earlier. Now I can use this particular thing to define", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00184-00113682-00114284": "charge density four-vector; all I have to do is to multiply by a four scalar which I", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00185-00114284-00114808": "can do by multiplying by rho naught, because we have earlier said that 0rho naught is actually", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00186-00114808-00115058": "a four scalar.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00187-00115058-00115758": "So, we define the components of current density four-vector by multiplying this u four-vector", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00188-00115824-00116442": "by a four scalar which is rho naught. This has been multiplied by rho naught. All other", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00189-00116442-00116974": "components are exactly same; only thing this has been multiplied by rho naught. Now we", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00190-00116974-00117523": "realize, if you look back at the equation of current density this I can write component", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00191-00117523-00118035": "wise; I if write component wise, it will become J x or the x component become J x gamma u", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00192-00118035-00118548": "rho naught U x. The y component of this equation becomes J y is equal to gamma u rho naught", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00193-00118548-00119192": "U y and things like that. So, once I write here rho naught gamma u U", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00194-00119192-00119869": "x, this will become J x. Once I say rho naught gamma u U y, this will comes J y; rho naught", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00195-00119869-00120409": "gamma u U z, this will comes J z and I am retaining this particular thing writing this", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00196-00120409-00121109": "rho naught gamma u as rho which is the charge density. This becomes i times rho multiplied", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00197-00121109-00121809": "by C. So what we see, that the first three components of current density four-vector", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00198-00122020-00122638": "are actually the real current density as seen in that particular frame; it is like momentum,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00199-00122638-00123011": "momentum four-vector. The first three components are the momentum as absorbed in a particular", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00200-00123011-00123489": "frame of reference. Similarly current density components are the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00201-00123489-00124015": "first three components of the current density four-vector and the fourth component, like", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00202-00124015-00124521": "in the case of momentum four-vector depended on the energy of the system. Here the fourth", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00203-00124521-00125059": "component of the current density four-vector depends on the charge density. So, the fourth", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00204-00125059-00125633": "component is rho. See like in that particular case of momentum, it was I E upon C; the fourth", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00205-00125633-00126120": "component dependent on the energy. Here the fourth component depends on the charge density.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00206-00126120-00126820": "Now once we have found this particular four-vector, we know how to transform it. If I go for particular", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00207-00126958-00127403": "frame of S to any other frame S prime and if I know the relative velocity between S", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00208-00127403-00128103": "and S prime to be V, I can always transform this particular four-vector components into", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00209-00128160-00128666": "any other frame by using this standard matrix equation which we have been doing earlier", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00210-00128666-00129196": "number of times. So, the current density will obey the following transformation rule if", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00211-00129196-00129704": "we go to another frame S prime.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00212-00129704-00130373": "This is the current density transformation. So we have in S frame, these are the components.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00213-00130373-00130951": "The current density is J x, J y, J z; these are the x, y and z components of the current", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00214-00130951-00131479": "density. The fourth component is I rho upon C where rho is the charge density as seen", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00215-00131479-00131985": "in the particular frame of reference. I want to find out the current density and the charge", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00216-00131985-00132553": "density in a different frame as prime frame of reference. And let those current densities", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00217-00132553-00133242": "be give or the components of the current densities in as prime be given by J x, prime, J y prime,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00218-00133242-00133791": "J z prime, and let the charge density be given by rho prime.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00219-00133791-00134491": "Then these J x prime, J y prime, J z prime, rho prime would depend on J x, J y, J z and", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00220-00134671-00135371": "rho by this particular matrix equation transformation equation. Here of course, this gamma, beta,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00221-00135508-00135994": "all these depends on the v the relative velocity between the frame between S and S prime; the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00222-00135994-00136560": "standard way we have been dealing in relativity so far. So, now, I can expand this particular", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00223-00136560-00137047": "thing; we have done it a number of times. So, we have to spend too much of time in expanding", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00224-00137047-00137562": "this particular thing. I will just write the explanation of this particular equation which", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00225-00137562-00137946": "I shall deal in the next class.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00226-00137946-00138646": "This is what it becomes. J x prime becomes equal to gamma times J x minus v rho, J y", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00227-00138778-00139478": "prime remains equal to J y, J z prime remains equal to J z, and the charge density now will", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00228-00139553-00140059": "be different in a different frame S prime as given by this particular equation rho prime", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00229-00140059-00140759": "will be gamma times rho minus V J x upon C square. So, this is somewhat like your x,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00230-00140894-00141366": "y, z and if you want to remember; somewhat like x, y, z, t-transformation where x prime", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00231-00141366-00141907": "turned out to be gamma x minus V t. So, it is a similar type of equations if you go back", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00232-00141907-00142494": "in that particular case J x prime is gamma times J x minus V rho and rho prime is rho", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00233-00142494-00142842": "gamma minus V upon C square J x.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00234-00142842-00143542": "I can always write the inverse transformation equation. For that particular thing as we", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00235-00143650-00144350": "have said, change prime to unprimed quantities and vice versa; make v as minus V. So, this", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00236-00144361-00144805": "is what happens. As the inverse transformation, it means that if I know the current densities", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00237-00144805-00145336": "and the charge densities in S prime frame of reference, I can find out the current density", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00238-00145336-00145996": "and the charge density in S frame of reference by using these inverse transformation equations.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00239-00145996-00146696": "So, this is what has happened to my transformation of current density. Now let us come back to", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00240-00147247-00147697": "the situation of current carrying conductor.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00241-00147697-00148397": "My idea of using this particular example of giving current carrying conductor is only", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00242-00148420-00149120": "to look little more deeply into the origin of these electric fields and magnetic fields", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00243-00149487-00150015": "as we change from one frame to another frame of reference. And this particular example,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00244-00150015-00150471": "generally reasonably illustrative because many times we have a question; that suppose", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00245-00150471-00150905": "there is a particular frame of reference in which we see only magnetic field and you say", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00246-00150905-00151376": "that you go to a different frame of reference. Now in addition to this magnetic field, you", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00247-00151376-00151807": "also have an electric field. So, from where this electric field has come? Because once", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00248-00151807-00152276": "we say that the equation, the Maxwell’s equation which are the basic equations do", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00249-00152276-00152642": "not change the relativity. So, what is the origin of this electricity", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00250-00152642-00153182": "field? So, let us what we are trying to do is by giving this particular example to go", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00251-00153182-00153666": "little deeper into this particular aspect, try to somewhat understand these things. So", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00252-00153666-00154366": "now, let us come to a realistic conductor and let us assume that it is carrying a current", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00253-00154373-00155073": "in plus x-direction as seen in frame S. So, there is a frame S in which you see a current", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00254-00155089-00155789": "flowing in a particular wire or a conductor along the x-direction. Let us assume that", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00255-00156044-00156528": "charge carriers are actually the electrons. It means actually the electrons must be drifting", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00256-00156528-00157228": "in minus x-direction and that is the reason that the current is actually in the plus x-direction.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00257-00157277-00157684": "As we have said, the direction of the motion direction of the drift of the electron is", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00258-00157684-00158074": "opposite to the direction of the conventional current.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00259-00158074-00158774": "Now when we talk about the current we do not talk about this so clearly but let us be very", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00260-00158964-00159627": "very specific. I am looking this particular thing from a frame S and in this frame S,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00261-00159627-00160002": "I assume that the positive charge carriers; remember the conductor overall is electrically", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00262-00160002-00160566": "neutral. It is a slightly different situation from what we have discussed now. I am talking", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00263-00160566-00161074": "now a realistic conductor. See, if there was no electric field, this particular conductor", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00264-00161074-00161537": "was electrically neutral and the negative charges are there, the positive charges both", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00265-00161537-00162237": "are there. Now these electrons tend to be somewhat free or approximately free and when", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00266-00162315-00162677": "we apply these electric fields, these electrons are the one which actually give rise to the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00267-00162677-00163034": "current. But those positive charges which are sort", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00268-00163034-00163734": "of immobile which are ions which have been left behind; they remain at rest, that is", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00269-00163739-00164296": "what is the normal picture of current which is always told when I was in high school.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00270-00164296-00164967": "So, I am looking at the same frame in which this picture is correct. It means I am assuming", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00271-00164967-00165355": "that the positive charges are at rest and it is the negative charges which are drifting", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00272-00165355-00165894": "in negative x-direction to give rise to a current in the plus x-direction. That is what", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00273-00165894-00166594": "I have said here; in this frame, the positive charges are at rest and electrons drift in", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00274-00166662-00167362": "negative x-direction giving a current in positive x-direction, alright. Now let me assume we", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00275-00167796-00168332": "all of us know that, if there is a current carrying conductor; let us assume that is", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00276-00168332-00168847": "a long conductor. This conductor will generate electric magnetic field around it.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00277-00168847-00169377": "So because of this particular current, there is a magnetic field which is created around", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00278-00169377-00170077": "it. We know how to find out the direction of the magnetic field if the current going", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00279-00170274-00170974": "like this and you can find out. The magnetic field lines of forces may be circular with", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00280-00171389-00171821": "the wire passing through the center of the circles. These are well known; actually it", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00281-00171821-00172353": "is not discussed in detail. What I am also insisting is that all is generating only the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00282-00172353-00173009": "magnetic field without any electric field. So, there is no electric field and the reason", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00283-00173009-00173140": "there is no electric field because they are positive charge carriers as well as negative", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00284-00173140-00173563": "charge carriers and in a given volume whatever small elements we have taken, we assume that", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00285-00173563-00173892": "there are same number positive charge carriers and same number of negative charge carriers.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00286-00173892-00174592": "So, the net, let me just write it here. If we take a small element in a wire, in this", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00287-00175330-00175735": "element negative charge carriers or positive charge carriers, both are same. Therefore,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00288-00175735-00176182": "if you take a small section of the wire, you do not find net charge density here and therefore,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00289-00176182-00176542": "there is no electric field which is generated outside. There is only a flow of electron", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00290-00176542-00177069": "and at all the times, this charge neutrality is maintained in a small section of this particular", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00291-00177069-00177613": "wire. Therefore, there is no electric field, but there is a magnetic field. So, this is", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00292-00177613-00178023": "picture with which we are quite familiar in our high school, when we have discussing various", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00293-00178023-00178723": "laws related to magnetism; at that time we have been talking about this type of behavior.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00294-00178809-00179509": "So, this is what I said. Let the negative and positive charge densities in frame S be", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00295-00179546-00180246": "rho e and rho p; this e symbol I have said for negative charge carriers, and this p symbol", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00296-00180394-00181094": "I have said for positive charge carriers. So, let us assume that the charge density", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00297-00181159-00181859": "for negative charge carriers is rho e and for positive charge carriers is rho p; of", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00298-00181900-00182404": "course, because this is charge density. So, this is negative because the charge is negative,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00299-00182404-00183002": "the number density is not negative. Number density has to be always positive. While positive", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00300-00183002-00183630": "charge density is positive because this charge is positive, and because we are saying that", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00301-00183630-00184044": "there is no electric field in this particular frame of reference, I expect that if I take", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00302-00184044-00184615": "any small unit volume, necessarily a small; in fact it is a very small volume. You always", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00303-00184615-00184976": "find that this rho p plus rho e is equal to zero.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00304-00184976-00185411": "So, there is no charge density in a smallest volume; a small volume which you take along", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00305-00185411-00185857": "the wire. I am not writing in the differential format sector because that is not the idea.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00306-00185857-00186478": "We want to make thing simple; so just want to say that I expect that this rho p plus", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00307-00186478-00186999": "rho e must be 0 in this particular frame because I do not see any electric field, I see only", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00308-00186999-00187579": "the magnetic field. There is a current, there is a current density, but there is no electric", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00309-00187579-00188279": "field. This current and current density causes the magnetic field. Now we realize that because", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00310-00188438-00188985": "in this particular frame, it is only the negative charges which are moving. So the current density,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00311-00188985-00189442": "the net current density is being caused only by the motion of negative charge carriers;", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00312-00189442-00189947": "positive charge carrier would not contribute to any current density which is obvious, because", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00313-00189947-00190295": "they are not moving in this particular frame of reference.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00314-00190295-00190995": "So, this is what I said. In this frame S, the current density is solely due to the electrons.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00315-00191064-00191713": "Therefore, net current density I can write as equal to J xe; I am writing only x component", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00316-00191713-00192113": "because current density current I have been told that is only in the x-direction, current", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00317-00192113-00192813": "density also in the x-direction. J xe I am using to mention the x component of the current", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00318-00193048-00193722": "density for negative charge carriers and as we have said and J x is the overall net; the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00319-00193722-00194247": "total current density. As we have said because positive charges are immobile, so this J x", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00320-00194247-00194947": "is solely because of J xe and that will be given by rho e multiplied by the drift velocity", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00321-00195098-00195611": "of the electrons or negative charge carriers; negative charge carriers we mean electron.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00322-00195611-00196182": "So, this is what it will be given as rho e times U de where rho is the charge density,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00323-00196182-00196835": "U de is the drift velocity we have already defined; this particular thing is exactly", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00324-00196835-00196997": "the same thing.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00325-00196997-00197697": "Now let us go to a different frame of reference S prime in which the drift velocity of electron", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00326-00197699-00198165": "is found to be zero. So, I have already found out what is the drift velocity. If I know", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00327-00198165-00198638": "the current density, I know what is the drift velocity; if I know the drift velocity, I", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00328-00198638-00199204": "can always go to a frame of reference, an inertial frame of reference which has their", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00329-00199204-00199688": "same relative velocity with respect to S as the drift velocity of the electrons.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00330-00199688-00200388": "What it means is that, if we have wire in which these electrons are moving in this particular", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00331-00201133-00201833": "direction; this is plus x-direction. Let us consider one electron which has exactly the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00332-00201891-00202540": "same speed; let us not bother about that. Just consider a drift velocity and assume", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00333-00202540-00203032": "that overall electrons are drifting in this particular way. I go to a particular frame", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00334-00203032-00203420": "of reference which has exactly the same velocity; of course this frame of reference also has", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00335-00203420-00204029": "move in this particular direction so that they find that overall, there is no drift", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00336-00204029-00204596": "of electrons in this particular frame of reference. So in this particular S prime frame of reference,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00337-00204596-00205054": "I am defining this particular frame of reference S prime as one frame of reference which of", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00338-00205054-00205475": "course is inertial frame of reference, because drift velocity is supposed to be constant", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00339-00205475-00206058": "for a given electric field. So long, current density is constant; the drift velocity is", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00340-00206058-00206640": "also constant. So, I am looking at this particular aspect from a frame of reference S prime in", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00341-00206640-00207340": "which electrons are not found to be drifting. So that is what I said, let us observe this", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00342-00207832-00208364": "wire from a frame S prime in which the drift velocity of the electron is found to be zero.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00343-00208364-00208989": "Let us see what an observer in S prime frame would notice; would it notice that the current", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00344-00208989-00209689": "has become zero and therefore, there should not be any magnetic field. No, that is not", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00345-00209769-00209992": "a correct picture.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00346-00209992-00210607": "Actually in this frame, the positive charges will be observed to be moving in plus x-direction.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00347-00210607-00211126": "See remember, it was in S frame that your electrons were drifting at the positive charges", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00348-00211126-00211759": "were stationary. But once I have changed my frame of reference to make the electrons stationary", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00349-00211759-00212182": "in that particular frame of reference; in that particular frame of reference, the positive", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00350-00212182-00212882": "charges will move and because as we have said here, this velocity is in the negative direction.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00351-00212938-00213434": "So, the positive charges which were mobile earlier which would appear to a person sitting", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00352-00213434-00214134": "here to be moving in positive x-direction. Therefore, an observer in S prime would feel", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00353-00214355-00214894": "that all these positive charge carriers are moving in plus x-direction. So, there is a", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00354-00214894-00215381": "current in that particular frame of reference but that current is being caused by the positive", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00355-00215381-00216081": "charge carriers and this positive charge carrier will actually produce a magnetic field. Therefore,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00356-00216461-00217161": "a magnetic field is expected to be present also in S prime frame of reference. What about", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00357-00217200-00217462": "electric field?", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00358-00217462-00218106": "If you look at these equations, these are the transformation equation which I have written", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00359-00218106-00218469": "from S to S prime frame of reference. Of course in this case, we have x to be negative; lets", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00360-00218469-00218984": "forgot about it and I am just writing in the number form. If you look at this particular", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00361-00218984-00219421": "equation, of course E x prime will turn out to be equal to Ex, but E y prime will depend", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00362-00219421-00220075": "on V B z. E z prime will depend on V B y. Depending upon which point you are looking", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00363-00220075-00220775": "or you are looking at the field which point; of course the current in the x-direction.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00364-00220810-00221510": "You will always find; you may always find at least a component of B y or B z or both.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00365-00221594-00222190": "Even though E y and E z are zero because we have said in S frame there is no electric", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00366-00222190-00222632": "field. But there is a magnetic field and this magnetic field has to be in some direction;", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00367-00222632-00223182": "of course it cannot be in x-direction because the current flows in the x-direction. And", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00368-00223182-00223729": "the magnetic field is being caused only by that current flow and I am assuming this to", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00369-00223729-00224429": "be infinite wires or sought of infinite wire. So therefore, at least one of these will be", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00370-00224439-00224931": "non-zero. It means in this particular frame in addition to the magnetic field, the observer", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00371-00224931-00225614": "would also find electric field. This is going to happen if my transformation equations are", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00372-00225614-00226071": "correct. So, these electric fields are present in the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00373-00226071-00226771": "particular frame of reference. From where are they arising? Earlier we have said that", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00374-00226778-00227456": "their charge densities were just neutralizing at each small volume of the wire and therefore,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00375-00227456-00228107": "there was no net charge in any small section of the wire and therefore, there was no electric", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00376-00228107-00228807": "field earlier. From where the electric field is coming; so now we will realize, that is", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00377-00228929-00229169": "what we will do just now, to show that it was too earlier in S frame. In S prime frame", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00378-00229169-00229869": "of reference, if you take a small section of the wire; now you will find it to be charged", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00379-00229882-00230356": "and if you find it to be charged, it is this charge which will generate this electric field.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00380-00230356-00230859": "So, electric field will be present in this frame of reference because that particular", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00381-00230859-00231458": "section; I mean sections of wire being charged. How do I do that? For particular I must know", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00382-00231458-00232158": "a charge density transformation; that is what I am going to do next.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00383-00232202-00232902": "For that let us evaluate the charge densities in S prime frame of reference. I have just", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00384-00232938-00233638": "now evaluated; I just now found out the transformation equation relating to the charge densities.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00385-00233692-00234336": "Let us do the same thing here, find out what will be rho prime if I know rho and S, what", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00386-00234336-00234617": "will be rho prime.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00387-00234617-00235163": "Of course, relative velocity of between the frames I have taken specifically equal to", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00388-00235163-00235634": "U de; of course I have reserved symbol U instead of V. Though when we originally defined charge", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00389-00235634-00236148": "densities we had used symbol V, but I am using U because V we have as I will say always reserved", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00390-00236148-00236617": "for the relative velocity between the frames. Of course in this specific example, I am taking", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00391-00236617-00237182": "V is equal to U de because only in that particular case, the electrons or the negative charge", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00392-00237182-00237826": "carriers will be at rest. So, this is my transformation equation for the negative charge carriers", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00393-00237826-00238526": "rho e prime is equal to gamma and rho e minus U de because V is equal to U de J xe whatever", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00394-00238636-00239306": "was the current density divided by C square. So, this is gamma rho J xe I can write as", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00395-00239306-00239804": "rho e into U de. So, this rho e I have written here, this becomes U de square divided by", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00396-00239804-00240482": "C square. This rho e I can take it out, this will become gamma rho e multiplied by one", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00397-00240482-00241182": "minus U de divided by C square; put this is also squared; U de is the drift velocity of", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00398-00241196-00241714": "electrons as was seen in S frame. So this will be the charge density of electron which", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00399-00241714-00242414": "will be seen in S prime frame of reference. What will happen to the charge density of", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00400-00242489-00243189": "positive charge carriers? I will write exactly the same equation, gamma rho p minus V J x", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00401-00243406-00244100": "p divided by C square where J x p is the current density of positive charge carriers in S frame.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00402-00244100-00244694": "But I know that this J x p is zero because the charges are not moving in S frame of reference;", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00403-00244694-00245186": "therefore, current density of that particular frame has to be zero. Therefore, this quantity", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00404-00245186-00245886": "will be zero and this I can write as gamma rho p. As we can seen that the charge densities", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00405-00246094-00246617": "as seen in S prime frame of reference are not same because of this transformation; therefore,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00406-00246617-00247176": "this is not equal to this. They were earlier same; the magnitudes were earlier same, of", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00407-00247176-00247742": "course signs were different. Their magnitudes were same in S frame, but in S prime frame", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00408-00247742-00248387": "of reference even their magnitudes have become different. So, let us evaluate the net charge", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00409-00248387-00248881": "density in S prime frame of reference which is just the sum of these two which earlier", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00410-00248881-00248976": "was zero.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00411-00248976-00249654": "So, I have just used this particular equation which is from this particular transparency", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00412-00249654-00250354": "this plus this; this is what I have written here. This gamma rho E would cancel out here.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00413-00250487-00251187": "Remember this rho E was equal to minus rho p in S prime frame of reference. So this rho", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00414-00251194-00251784": "e has been changed as minus rho p here. So, once I do that this gamma rho p and this will", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00415-00251784-00252484": "cancel out and this will become gamma rho p U de square upon C square. So, we find that", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00416-00252594-00253144": "there is a net charge density in this particular wire. So in S prime frame of reference, it", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00417-00253144-00253762": "will find that the wire is charged’ if you take one particular section of the wire, it", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00418-00253762-00254462": "will be charged and if it charged of course, we generate electric field.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00419-00254528-00255060": "Now what happens to charge conservation? Some of you may ask that, does it mean to say that", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00420-00255060-00255694": "this wire overall has become electrically non-neutral. Originally we have said that", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00421-00255694-00256187": "the conductor was electrically neutral. Now we are saying that there is a net charge density.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00422-00256187-00256754": "Does it mean to say that, it is no longer electric neutral? What happens; from where", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00423-00256754-00257303": "we got the additional charges? Is the charge conservation obeyed or not? The question is", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00424-00257303-00257488": "that see normally you will not have, strictly speaking, infinite wire. You will always have", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00425-00257488-00258155": "a loop. So once you are supplying the current, now there will be current flowing and then", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00426-00258155-00258394": "eventually the current has to flow back into a particular direction.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00427-00258394-00259006": "So, whatever is the situation, you will always have situation somewhere where you have wire", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00428-00259006-00259706": "and this wire eventually has to close. Here there has to be some current source. Now as", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00429-00260081-00260413": "you can see, the current direction in this section of the wire is going to become different", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00430-00260413-00260939": "from whatever is here. If I am looking at positive x-direction, the charges are going;", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00431-00260939-00261508": "let us say the current is going on this particular direction on this way, while here going this", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00432-00261508-00261991": "way. So inverse section of the wire if I am finding it positively charged; the other section", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00433-00261991-00262497": "of the wire I will find negatively charged. So, overall the wire will still remain to", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00434-00262497-00262978": "be electrically neutral. So nothing happens to that particular thing once we realize that", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00435-00262978-00263494": "thing. But if you take a specific section the way we have happen defining this particular", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00436-00263494-00263950": "thing, we feel only because of this particular wire that comes, because of this positive", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00437-00263950-00264523": "charges which are being in that particular frame; we use the particular charge carrier,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00438-00264523-00265061": "this particular wire as a charged charge now.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00439-00265061-00265761": "Now with this particular thing as I said, this is probably the last section that we", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00440-00265851-00266429": "have wanted to cover formally; I want to just introduce how the Maxwell’s equation we", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00441-00266429-00267062": "expect them to remain invariant. In fact if you remember the electric field and magnetic", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00442-00267062-00267668": "field transformation, we had obtained from the force equation; the Lorentz force equation", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00443-00267668-00268195": "and saying that this force must obey a force transformation law. In fact, they can also", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00444-00268195-00268895": "be derived by maintaining that the Maxwell’s equations are unaltered or unaffected when", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00445-00268984-00269391": "I change my frame of reference. We do not change any magnetic equations unlike we have", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00446-00269391-00270071": "changed many of the classical mechanics equation; the equations pertaining to electromagnetic,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00447-00270071-00270523": "electromagnetic theory. They do not change, must be changed by frame", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00448-00270523-00270838": "of reference. The equations which are the basic Maxwell’s equation, four Maxwell’s", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00449-00270838-00271326": "equation, they do not change. So, I will not proving general in general which is beyond", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00450-00271326-00271741": "the outcome of this course which is required; if you want a general proof much more, many", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00451-00271741-00272369": "more details. We will just take one simple example and convince you and I am always trying", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00452-00272369-00272878": "to say that I am trying to convince that Maxwell’s equations are expected; nothing like that,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00453-00272878-00273506": "nothing more than that. So, this is what I have said in relative to the Maxwell’s equations", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00454-00273506-00274074": "are unaffected; we shall not give the general proof, we are just trying to convince you.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00455-00274074-00274734": "So, these are the four Maxwell’s equations which are very very standard equations. The", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00456-00274734-00275342": "first equation in essentially what we call as a Gauss’s law which talks of divergence", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00457-00275342-00276042": "of electric field in terms of the charge density. This is a similar Gauss’s law for the magnetostatics", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00458-00276253-00276708": "which is divergence of B equal to 0 and this quantity 0 because it always says that there", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00459-00276708-00277408": "is no monopole. This is what is the curl of electric field which is called Faraday’s", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00460-00277517-00278089": "laws of electromagnetic induction and this is Ampere’s law with the connection of Maxwell", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00461-00278089-00278697": "pertaining to the displacement current which gives you current B, so the two equations", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00462-00278697-00279270": "are having divergence. There are two equations which are having curl,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00463-00279270-00279844": "and these are the four equations which we call as Maxwell’s equation. So, I will take", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00464-00279844-00280381": "one of these equations; this particular equation, the third equation and out of that I will", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00465-00280381-00280980": "take one component and try to convince you that this does not alter once I go for a frame", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00466-00280980-00281575": "S to S prime frame of reference. So, this is what I am trying to do in this particular", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00467-00281575-00281971": "way as a last part of this particular course", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00468-00281971-00282671": "So we said, we shall take third equation and try to write this in S prime frame. But before", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00469-00282723-00283374": "we do that, let us expand this curl into individual components; remember it has a curl here. There", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00470-00283374-00283804": "is a curl of electric field and here you have derivative of time, derivative of magnetic", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00471-00283804-00284504": "field. So, let us first write this into the component form. Then this components will", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00472-00284555-00285116": "of course be in the form of x, y, and z and on the right-hand side, you will have time", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00473-00285116-00285700": "derivative. Now I will change these x, y, z to x prime, y prime, and z prime; this t", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00474-00285700-00286083": "to t prime. Assuming that x prime, y prime, z prime, t", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00475-00286083-00286503": "prime, are related to x, y, z, t by Lorentz transformation because that is what is the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00476-00286503-00287193": "relativistic transformation. And try to see that I can write exactly similar equation", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00477-00287193-00287679": "in S prime frame of reference where E will be replaced by E prime and B will be replaced", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00478-00287679-00288196": "by B prime and this curl will be all with respect to x prime, y prime, z prime, and", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00479-00288196-00288689": "this t will be with respect to t prime. First I may have to write that, I have show that", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00480-00288689-00289124": "is Maxwell’s equation remain invariant. Of course, we can do similar type of things", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00481-00289124-00289661": "for all other equations. We know how the charge density transforms; we have just now discussed.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00482-00289661-00290224": "We have also known how current density transforms, that also we have discussed. So, we know the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00483-00290224-00290533": "transformation of all these equations. So in principle, you could have taken any equation", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00484-00290533-00291064": "and try to proof it. But as I said I am not doing that in general, just taking this particular", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00485-00291064-00291586": "equation trying to convince you. So, let us first expand the curl del cross E.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00486-00291586-00292242": "So, left hand side of that equation had just curl of E; that is del cross E. Of course,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00487-00292242-00292602": "you can use any method of expanding it; some people will try to write in form of determinant;", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00488-00292602-00293224": "then try to expand it. I have written in a particular vector form which I find generally", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00489-00293224-00293743": "much more easy to remember but in any way one prefers for this you can write; this particular", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00490-00293743-00294367": "way also we can expand this curl. So, this del operator as we call can be written as", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00491-00294367-00294996": "i del del x plus j del del y plus k del del z, where I, j, k are the unit vectors. Then", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00492-00294996-00295620": "cross E i can write in the vector form as i E x plus j E y plus k E z; again i, j, k", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00493-00295620-00296065": "are unit vectors in the x-, y-, and z-direction, this standard way.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00494-00296065-00296587": "So, I have to expand this curl; it means I have to take, this cross this, this cross", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00495-00296587-00296999": "this, this cross this, then plus this cross this, plus this cross this, plus this cross", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00496-00296999-00297672": "this, then this cross this, this cross this, this cross this. If I take first term i del", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00497-00297672-00298372": "del x, when you take i cross i, I will get zero; i cross j will give me k; and i cross", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00498-00298446-00299102": "k will give me minus j. Similarly j cross i will give minus k; j cross j will give me", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00499-00299102-00299587": "zero; and j cross k will give me i. Here also k cross k will give me zero.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00500-00299587-00300127": "So all I wanted to say that normally if you would have expanded this, you will have got", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00501-00300127-00300577": "nine terms; because one has to operate on three, second also has to operate on three,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00502-00300577-00301083": "third also has to operate on three; we will get nine terms. But out of those, three terms", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00503-00301083-00301548": "will be terms zero. One because of i cross i, another because of j cross j, and third", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00504-00301548-00302222": "will be because of k cross k. So, eventually you will be landing only with these six terms.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00505-00302222-00302652": "I am not giving the details of these things, I can think it and mark out simply and try", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00506-00302652-00303178": "to convince yourself that whatever I have written is probably correct.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00507-00303178-00303750": "So, these are my cross products and all I have done is expanded into this particular", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00508-00303750-00304450": "form. As I have said that this explanation you could have your doubt in any other way", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00509-00304457-00305157": "which is comfortable to you. So all I have written is six terms and content kept those", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00510-00305166-00305866": "terms along the x-direction here, y-direction here, and the z-direction here. So, this del", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00511-00305953-00306469": "cross E i can writen like this; that this has to be equated to the right-hand side which", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00512-00306469-00307169": "had del B del t.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00513-00307213-00307894": "The x component and y component and z component of this equation, in fact can be written as", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00514-00307894-00308594": "i del B x del t plus j del B y del t plus k del B z del t. Then this x component can", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00515-00309695-00310139": "be equated to x component of the curl that we have obtained; y component can be equated", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00516-00310139-00310839": "to the y component of the curl that I have found out; z component can be equated to the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00517-00310877-00311333": "z component. So, I will get three equations which I am writing in the next transparency.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00518-00311333-00311793": "So, these are collecting them; we have collected all the components and equated to the right-hand", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00519-00311793-00312493": "side. So, I get these three equations. Now I will use only one of this equation; this", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00520-00312589-00313166": "particular equation, the second equation. Try to transform into S prime frame of reference", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00521-00313166-00313865": "by using this standard equation corresponding to the partial derivatives. I will not go", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00522-00313865-00314301": "into the details because this requires lot of time but as I say my idea is only to convince", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00523-00314301-00314761": "you and not to give you too much of details of the mathematics, which I say that is beyond", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00524-00314761-00315061": "the scope of this particular course.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00525-00315061-00315640": "So, we will use the standard partial differentiation formula and use it along with the Lorentz", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00526-00315640-00315879": "transformation.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00527-00315879-00316473": "What is this particular formula? This del del x can be written as del x prime del x", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00528-00316473-00317135": "del del x prime plus del y prime del x del del y prime plus del z prime del x del del", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00529-00317135-00317689": "z prime plus del t prime del x del del t prime. This is the standard partial derivative formula.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00530-00317689-00318191": "Then you have therefore variables on which it is dependent. I know from Lorentz transformation", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00531-00318191-00318852": "x prime is equal to gamma x minus V t, y prime is equal to y, z prime is equal to z, t prime", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00532-00318852-00319472": "is equal to gamma t minus Vx upon C square. So, let us examine this particular term. If", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00533-00319472-00319993": "I take del x prime del x, this is x prime, this is partial derivative; it means all other", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00534-00319993-00320509": "variables I have take them as constant. So, t will turn on constant. Once I take the partial", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00535-00320509-00320958": "derivative of x with respect to x prime with respect to x, so I will just get gamma. This", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00536-00320958-00321658": "term will give be zero. So, this becomes gamma into del del x prime. Similarly del y prime", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00537-00321792-00322311": "del x if I take partial derivative with respect to x, it means y has to be treated as constant.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00538-00322311-00322918": "So, this will give me zero, del z prime del x will give me zero. Here del t prime del", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00539-00322918-00323584": "x, t prime does depend on x. Once I take partial derivative, t has to be taken as constant.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00540-00323584-00324284": "I take derivative, so I will get minus gamma t V upon C square. So this is gamma not t,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00541-00324295-00324995": "minus gamma V upon C square. So, minus gamma V upon C square into del del t prime. So,", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00542-00325047-00325547": "this operator del del x can be replaced by this operator once I change my frame from", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00543-00325547-00325938": "S to S prime frame of reference.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00544-00325938-00326456": "I can write similar equations for y which will give me very clearly del y is equal to", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00545-00326456-00326906": "del y prime. This you can write to work it out yourself and exactly, similarly I will", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00546-00326906-00327518": "get del del z is equal to del del z prime.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00547-00327518-00328016": "Again del del t will be different from del t prime. I use exactly the same thing, again", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00548-00328016-00328570": "you can work it out yourself; del del t will turn out to be equal to gamma del del t prime", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00549-00328570-00329270": "minus V del del x prime. So now, I know how to replace these partial derivatives from", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00550-00329306-00329649": "S frame to S prime frame of reference.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00551-00329649-00330331": "So, these things I will substitute in this particular equation. So this del del z prime", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00552-00330331-00330748": "del del z, I will replace by whatever we have valued it earlier. Of course as delta z is", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00553-00330748-00331114": "concerned, it is just that z becomes z prime. Here there is a partial derivative with respect", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00554-00331114-00331746": "to x. So this once I change to del x prime, I will get another term. Similarly when this", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00555-00331746-00332160": "partial derivative with respect to time, I will get another term which I am doing in", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00556-00332160-00332346": "the next class we will see.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00557-00332346-00332836": "I am rather going fast, but idea as I have to say is to convince you. So, this equation", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00558-00332836-00333473": "as I said remain identical; del del x I am replacing by this equation. So, once I go", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00559-00333473-00333915": "to prime frame of reference, this will become del E z del x prime minus V upon C square", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00560-00333915-00334615": "del E z del t prime. This del t also gets changed and this becomes del B y del t prime", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00561-00334651-00335351": "minus V del B y del x prime. So, this equation now becomes in this particular form. What", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00562-00335479-00335948": "I will do, I will collect terms correspond to partial derivative with respect to x and", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00563-00335948-00336483": "with respect to partial derivative with respect to t.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00564-00336483-00337183": "So if I do that, this equation becomes in this form. This is interesting because normally", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00565-00337255-00337654": "if a similar equation has to be obeyed in S prime frame of reference.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00566-00337654-00338354": "I expect del E x prime is equal to del z prime minus del E t prime by del x prime is equal", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00567-00339242-00339942": "to del B y by del t prime. This is an equation which I expect to be true because this is", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00568-00340596-00340959": "exactly the same equation. I am sorry there should be a prime here. Because this what", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00569-00340959-00341391": "I expect if the same equation I am able to write in S prime frame of reference, I will", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00570-00341391-00341902": "be able to say that things are consistent in S prime frame of reference. This is the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00571-00341902-00342352": "equation which I have written here. So if I write this equal to this, this happens to", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00572-00342352-00342915": "be equal to E z prime and this happens to be equal to B y prime, I know that these equations", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00573-00342915-00343481": "will be identical in S prime frame of reference and this is precisely what I know is true", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00574-00343481-00343781": "from electric field and magnetic field transformation.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00575-00343781-00344481": "And of course, E x must be equal to S prime. So, from this I can write these equations.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00576-00344614-00345226": "So, these equation will be consist ant in S prime provided we have these equations valid.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00577-00345226-00345634": "I know from electric field and magnetic field of transformation that these equations are", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00578-00345634-00346141": "correct. So, I expect this equation to be valid also in S prime frame of reference.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00579-00346141-00346550": "So, what I have only done is shown only for one equation. You can try to show for other", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00580-00346550-00347048": "equation; you have to know somewhat more mathematics and try to convince yourself that Maxwell’s", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00581-00347048-00347686": "equations are actually consistent in all both the frames. They remain unaltered; we do not", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00582-00347686-00348195": "change Maxwell’s equation once I go from S frame to S prime frame of reference.", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00583-00348195-00348649": "So, this is my summary. We discussed current density four-vector. We tried to analyze the", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00584-00348649-00349069": "current carrying conductor in two frames. Especially discussed how the electric field", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00585-00349069-00349663": "is generated in that particular frame of reference and given a hint how Maxwell’s equation", "49YgSXS1Tqg-00586-00349663-00350148": "remain unaltered. So, this happens to be the end of the course. Best of luck all the best."}}]