[{"audio_id": "4_XCsvNLXCQ", "text": {"4_XCsvNLXCQ-00000-00000433-00000930": "Solving a Linear Equation in One Variable", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00001-00000930-00001424": "You should be familiar with the Distributive Property and combining like terms.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00002-00001424-00001524": "In this", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00003-00001524-00002183": "lesson, we will solve an equation involving a variable, but with no exponents on the variable.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00004-00002183-00002725": "This type of equation is related to the graph of a line, and is therefore called a linear", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00005-00002725-00003069": "equation.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00006-00003069-00003246": "Here is an example.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00007-00003246-00003772": "We wish to find the values for x which make the equation true.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00008-00003772-00003872": "It turns", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00009-00003872-00004373": "out that in this type of equation, that we will never get more than one answer, unless", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00010-00004373-00004473": "the two", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00011-00004473-00004926": "sides of the equation are the same expression.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00012-00004926-00005526": "The first step is to use the distributive property to expand the parts of the expression", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00013-00005526-00005626": "in", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00014-00005626-00005726": "parentheses.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00015-00005726-00006058": "Here, we distribute the −3.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00016-00006058-00006642": "Next, on each side of the equation, combine like terms.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00017-00006642-00006870": "In general, you may need to combine", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00018-00006870-00007662": "like terms in several places, but in this case, we only need to add the 7 and −12.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00019-00007662-00007762": "At this", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00020-00007762-00008310": "point, each side of the equation will have at most two parts, a term involving the variable", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00021-00008310-00008410": "x,", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00022-00008410-00008724": "and a constant.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00023-00008724-00009205": "We can now eliminate one of the variable terms by subtracting the same quantity from both", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00024-00009205-00009356": "sides.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00025-00009356-00009964": "In this case, we subtract 6x from both sides, though it would work equally well to", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00026-00009964-00010512": "subtract 8x on both sides to get the variable in the left side of the equation on the bottom", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00027-00010512-00010739": "line.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00028-00010739-00011174": "We now eliminate the constant from the side that contains the variable.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00029-00011174-00011310": "In this case, we", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00030-00011310-00011863": "eliminate the −11 by adding 11 to both sides.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00031-00011863-00012190": "Finally, we divide both sides by 2", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00032-00012190-00013222": "To recap: To solve a linear equation in one variable, first distribute, then combine like", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00033-00013222-00013461": "terms.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00034-00013461-00014003": "Eliminate the variable from one side of the equation and the constant from the other.", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00035-00014003-00014128": "Finally,", "4_XCsvNLXCQ-00036-00014128-00014366": "divide off the coefficient on the variable."}}, {"audio_id": "4A2nQb2yrEQ", "text": {"4A2nQb2yrEQ-00000-00000096-00000153": "Hey, everyone!", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00001-00000153-00000316": "I want to give a quick introduction to UNIT 2:", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00002-00000380-00000640": "Cell Division and Genetics.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00003-00000728-00000985": "Our genetic unit takes learner's from the ...", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00004-00000985-00001264": "foundations of cellular reproduction to the ...", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00005-00001264-00001631": "experiments that revealed the basis of genetics and laws of ...", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00006-00001631-00001866": "inheritance. Let's take a look at each ...", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00007-00001866-00002027": "chapter within this UNIT.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00008-00002084-00002572": "Chapter 6 reproduction at the cellular level has four lessons.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00009-00002636-00003144": "Lesson 6.1 the genome lesson 6.2 the cell cycle.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00010-00003196-00003560": "Lesson 6.3 cancer and the cell cycle.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00011-00003615-00004004": "Lesson 6.4 prokaryotic cell division.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00012-00004096-00004164": "Chapter 8.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00013-00004232-00004556": "Patterns of inheritance has three lessons.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00014-00004612-00005095": "Lesson 8.1 Mendel's experiments lesson 8.2 the ...", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00015-00005095-00005735": "laws of inheritance and extensions of the laws of inheritance.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00016-00005876-00006092": "Chapter 9 molecular biology.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00017-00006144-00006204": "has", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00018-00006260-00006368": "Five Lessons.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00019-00006431-00006736": "Lesson 9.1 the structure of DNA.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00020-00006800-00007131": "Lesson 9.2 DNA replication.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00021-00007200-00007492": "Lesson 9.3 transcription.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00022-00007544-00008248": "Lesson 9.4 translation and lesson 9.5 how genes are regulated.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00023-00008336-00008701": "Go ahead and get started on unit two remember it's best to ...", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00024-00008701-00009089": "complete these modules and successive order starting with ...", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00025-00009089-00009415": "chapter 6 moving on to chapter 8 and then chapter 9.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00026-00009504-00009616": "Please, make sure.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00027-00009716-00010007": "that you complete all assignments by their due ...", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00028-00010007-00010208": "dates. Once you complete UNIT 2,", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00029-00010208-00010327": "UNIT 3 will unlock.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00030-00010404-00010472": "UNIT 3 is", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00031-00010576-00010640": "Evolution and", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00032-00010716-00010800": "the Diversity of Life", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00033-00010880-00010924": "Thank you.", "4A2nQb2yrEQ-00034-00011000-00011080": "Have a great day."}}, {"audio_id": "4BDpg2ckQFy", "text": {"4BDpg2ckQFy-00000-00000123-00000333": "In this video I will demonstrate how to post a file to your Moodle course", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00001-00000333-00000712": "Before getting started know where", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00002-00000712-00001082": "that file is located.  In this case", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00003-00001082-00001588": "my file is located on my desktop and I can easily see it,  and I know where it is when I need it.", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00004-00001642-00002118": "Next turn editing \"on\". Click on the green button", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00005-00002118-00002818": "depicting a pencil, than drag and drop your file", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00006-00002877-00003497": "to your Moodle course page. In this case", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00007-00003497-00003870": "I have dragged and dropped this file to my course information", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00008-00003870-00004271": "area which is on the top portion of my course page", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00009-00004271-00004586": "because I want the students to easily see that syllabus file", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00010-00004586-00005003": "as soon as they log in. Now if you need to", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00011-00005003-00005435": "edit the title link to that file then just click", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00012-00005435-00005798": "on the pencil icon next to the title of the link", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00013-00005798-00006164": "and make your changes,", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00014-00006164-00006776": "and tap on the Return or", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00015-00006776-00007233": "Enter key on your keyboard.  Your changes are saved", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00016-00007233-00007631": "and that's it.  So long as you course is visible to your students", "4BDpg2ckQFy-00017-00007631-00007911": "they can now see your posted file."}}, {"audio_id": "4BF5dU5h17k", "text": {"4BF5dU5h17k-00000-00000000-00000246": "Which of you Americans would like to be the first", "4BF5dU5h17k-00001-00000246-00000393": "to try a Canadian Fat Cake?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00002-00000430-00000547": "Hey, I wouldn't mind being' the--", "4BF5dU5h17k-00003-00000560-00000727": "[fighting]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00004-00000980-00001067": "May I?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00005-00001291-00001417": "Okay, Sam, take a bite.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00006-00001431-00001534": "Shut up!", "4BF5dU5h17k-00007-00001971-00002088": "I need to focus.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00008-00002118-00002318": "[chiming]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00009-00002625-00002679": "Mm.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00010-00002936-00003036": "Ah.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00011-00003199-00003453": "No. [groaning]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00012-00003613-00003727": "It's really good, huh?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00013-00003907-00004074": "It's so much better than good.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00014-00004110-00004551": "It's... ah... it's like eating a fat angel.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00015-00004564-00004744": "Side smile or ponytail?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00016-00004811-00004931": "I don't know, Nora.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00017-00004944-00005098": "The one on the left's cute but the one on the right", "4BF5dU5h17k-00018-00005111-00005331": "really captures your inner insanity.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00019-00005482-00005755": "You really think this one makes me look cute?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00020-00005882-00006042": "Dude, if I don't get some food in the next hour,", "4BF5dU5h17k-00021-00006055-00006166": "I'm gonna eat Freddie.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00022-00006276-00006483": "Get her some food, Nora.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00023-00006516-00006770": "Cornelius is  one good looking dog.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00024-00006783-00006930": "Hey, don't hog the wad.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00025-00007097-00007404": "I can't think straight. I can't eat. I-I-I--", "4BF5dU5h17k-00026-00007417-00007574": "Sam, we have hot quesadillas if you--", "4BF5dU5h17k-00027-00008024-00008198": "Look, Sam, I get that you're feeling a little--", "4BF5dU5h17k-00028-00008211-00008621": "Who cares? So I kissed you. So...", "4BF5dU5h17k-00029-00008681-00008855": "So maybe I do like you a little bit.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00030-00008938-00009139": "It doesn't matter 'cause... there's no way", "4BF5dU5h17k-00031-00009152-00009319": "I'd ever go out with you or be your little girlfriend", "4BF5dU5h17k-00032-00009332-00009496": "and dang this place makes good quesadillas.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00033-00009612-00009729": "- Can I have one? - No.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00034-00009836-00010223": "[music playing]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00035-00010236-00010630": "[music playing]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00036-00010670-00010974": "\"Sam, I made you some soup. Enjoy.\"", "4BF5dU5h17k-00037-00011111-00011454": "Well... don't mind if I do, Mr. Note.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00038-00011738-00012008": "[screaming]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00039-00012021-00012192": "Hey, no, no, no, no, no!", "4BF5dU5h17k-00040-00012275-00012372": "[grunting]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00041-00012422-00012622": "Who do you think you are, you monster?!", "4BF5dU5h17k-00042-00012645-00012922": "You're a dirty monster! That's my soup!", "4BF5dU5h17k-00043-00012959-00013219": "You crazy, stupid big monster!", "4BF5dU5h17k-00044-00013233-00013500": "You don't go tasting other people's soup!", "4BF5dU5h17k-00045-00013513-00013947": "It's me! It's me! Don't kill me! I'm not ready!", "4BF5dU5h17k-00046-00013960-00014070": "[sighing]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00047-00014083-00014204": "[Sam] Got anymore great ideas?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00048-00014217-00014354": "Yeah, I have one.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00049-00014367-00014481": "[Sam] Oh, God.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00050-00014574-00014721": "You like sloppy joes?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00051-00014764-00014941": "[Sam] Everyone likes sloppy joes.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00052-00014954-00015065": "Exactly.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00053-00015094-00015512": "But, what if instead of buns, we made 'em with waffles,", "4BF5dU5h17k-00054-00015525-00015792": "we could call 'em, sloppy waffles.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00055-00015905-00016032": "When did you think of that?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00056-00016116-00016246": "A few months ago.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00057-00016292-00016449": "Why did you wait to tell me?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00058-00016683-00016973": "Okay. We've got to get out of this room", "4BF5dU5h17k-00059-00016986-00017213": "because we have two majorly important things to do.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00060-00017227-00017297": "What?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00061-00017310-00017530": "Murder Dice. - And?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00062-00017584-00017730": "Eat sloppy waffles.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00063-00017744-00017964": "[gasping] That's my thing.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00064-00018007-00018114": "I'm back.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00065-00018128-00018274": "Good, I'm starving.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00066-00018455-00018581": "Where's our lunch?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00067-00018648-00018742": "What do you mean?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00068-00018855-00018962": "We told you to go get lunch?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00069-00018998-00019235": "I did. It was yummy. [chuckles]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00070-00019506-00019619": "So, you didn't bring us any?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00071-00019662-00019766": "Any what?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00072-00019966-00020089": "Go sit on the floor over there.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00073-00020103-00020223": "Yay.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00074-00020460-00020837": "The winner of locker 239 is... Freddie Benson.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00075-00020850-00021127": "Yes! Yeah! Up top.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00076-00021141-00021307": "Freddie's guess was exactly correct,", "4BF5dU5h17k-00077-00021321-00021528": "2,718 Fat Cakes.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00078-00021541-00021911": "Ha! In your face, you blonde-headed demon!", "4BF5dU5h17k-00079-00021948-00022078": "Yeah.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00080-00022091-00022198": "Uh, wait, hold on a second.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00081-00022212-00022315": "Huh?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00082-00022328-00022479": "It seems another student", "4BF5dU5h17k-00083-00022492-00022642": "has also guessed the number correctly.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00084-00022842-00022952": "Oh, no.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00085-00022966-00023213": "And the other winner who will share locker 239", "4BF5dU5h17k-00086-00023226-00023470": "with Freddie is Sam Puckett.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00087-00023483-00023696": "Ow! Oh, yeah! Sam's a winner!", "4BF5dU5h17k-00088-00023710-00024037": "Sam Puckett is a winner yet again, Fredward.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00089-00024050-00024217": "[groaning]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00090-00024417-00024614": "Told ya mama knows Fat Cakes.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00091-00024627-00024798": "So, how does all this make me girlier?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00092-00024834-00025048": "Well, this is good practice", "4BF5dU5h17k-00093-00025061-00025315": "'cause your eating habits aren't the best.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00094-00025465-00025578": "What are you saying?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00095-00025725-00026042": "I'm saying, it's not ladylike to talk with your mouth full.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00096-00026055-00026316": "What I gotta finish chewing before I can talk?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00097-00026386-00026506": "Yes.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00098-00026519-00026739": "Who eats half a cheeseburger, then falls asleep?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00099-00026833-00026946": "Someone who just lost", "4BF5dU5h17k-00100-00026960-00027097": "the other half of his cheeseburger.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00101-00027293-00027420": "Sam, gross.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00102-00027433-00027544": "It's not my fault.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00103-00027557-00027700": "Waiting around for people makes me crave meat.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00104-00027714-00028164": "Th-They don't let you sleep or- or watch TV or go online.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00105-00028191-00028361": "And... [whimpering]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00106-00028374-00028625": "And they expect you to be nice to all the customers.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00107-00028728-00028948": "And I'm not even allowed to eat the chili.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00108-00028962-00029108": "Do you know what it's like to be me,", "4BF5dU5h17k-00109-00029122-00029282": "surrounded by giant pots of chilli", "4BF5dU5h17k-00110-00029295-00029416": "and not allowed to eat it?!", "4BF5dU5h17k-00111-00029629-00029896": "[sobbing]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00112-00029939-00030066": "- Where's my purse? - Here, here.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00113-00030143-00030333": "[in distance] My name is Quinn", "4BF5dU5h17k-00114-00030346-00030553": "and I love money.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00115-00030573-00030707": "You keep fried chicken in your purse?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00116-00030797-00030930": "It's my emergency thigh.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00117-00031184-00031281": "[in distance] Coming up next,", "4BF5dU5h17k-00118-00031294-00031394": "the question and answer round,", "4BF5dU5h17k-00119-00031407-00031548": "followed by the talent competition.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00120-00031631-00031791": "The talent competition, what are you gonna do?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00121-00031805-00032015": "Um, I'll just sing the song you were gonna sing.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00122-00032028-00032175": "- Do you know the words? - No, teach me.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00123-00032188-00032288": "Okay, where did you put the lyric sheet?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00124-00032302-00032385": "In my purse.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00125-00032465-00032569": "Uh.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00126-00032906-00032999": "Are these ribs?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00127-00033146-00033273": "I can't eat chicken all the time.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00128-00033286-00033643": "But, but, I've already gone over this twice. Uh.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00129-00033690-00033857": "Okay, I'll tell you again.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00130-00033890-00034040": "I want two buckets of fried chicken,", "4BF5dU5h17k-00131-00034053-00034187": "one spicy, one extra spicy.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00132-00034327-00034524": "And I want three chili biscuits.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00133-00034614-00034974": "No, no, no. Don't transfer me to the main menu. Oh, God.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00134-00034988-00035435": "No, I am not cuckoo. The baby flew away.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00135-00035522-00035809": "Yes, yes, I want cheese on my chili biscuits.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00136-00035939-00036116": "[everyone groaning]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00137-00036276-00036419": "What did Zapathon say?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00138-00036433-00036586": "Nothing, they just kept sending me back", "4BF5dU5h17k-00139-00036599-00036730": "to the main menu.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00140-00036856-00036993": "Sam, what did you find out?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00141-00037006-00037300": "That Tub-A-Chicken charges extra for cheese on chili biscuits.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00142-00037347-00037494": "Doh, extra?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00143-00037537-00037737": "If I'm thirsty, I can just do this!", "4BF5dU5h17k-00144-00038695-00039085": "Mm. That was refreshing. [chuckles]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00145-00039245-00039579": "But, wait, now I'm hungry. Hmm, what should I--", "4BF5dU5h17k-00146-00040190-00040587": "Ya see... I just had a drink... and a snack.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00147-00040683-00040937": "Right. Now, lately on iCarly, we've been thinking about...", "4BF5dU5h17k-00148-00040950-00041094": "[both] squash!", "4BF5dU5h17k-00149-00041111-00041314": "See, kids don't eat enough vegetables these days.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00150-00041327-00041464": "So we're gonna set a good example.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00151-00041478-00041591": "Watch this.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00152-00041805-00042011": "- Uh! - What's wrong?", "4BF5dU5h17k-00153-00042028-00042258": "Oh, no. Uh.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00154-00042542-00042752": "Oh, my God, you lost a tooth.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00155-00042869-00043019": "See what you get for eating vegetables.", "4BF5dU5h17k-00156-00043163-00043293": "Then aim your eyeballs at...", "4BF5dU5h17k-00157-00043313-00043493": "[both] bitty big heads!", "4BF5dU5h17k-00158-00043506-00043700": "[cheering]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00159-00043713-00043820": "[knocking]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00160-00043833-00044264": "Carly! Hey! Carly! It's Sam! [knocking]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00161-00044277-00044401": "I'm hungry!", "4BF5dU5h17k-00162-00044564-00044861": "Carly, I need food!", "4BF5dU5h17k-00163-00044891-00045055": "[laughing]", "4BF5dU5h17k-00164-00045338-00045542": "The fridge is empty!"}}, {"audio_id": "4BL-AwtSW2y", "text": {"4BL-AwtSW2y-00000-00002646-00002976": "Hello everyone! Starting this vlog with preparing dinner. :)", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00001-00002976-00003356": "Today's dinner menu is 'Chopped salad'.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00002-00003376-00003766": "I'm setting vegetable while microwaving chicken breast.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00003-00003788-00004144": "Use any kind of vegetable!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00004-00004278-00004569": "Also add boiled broccoli,", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00005-00004569-00004769": "and paprika too.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00006-00004769-00004969": "Oh, and also cucumber.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00007-00005002-00005408": "Took these chicken breast from microwave.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00008-00005434-00005850": "And then it's time to chop all these together!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00009-00005851-00006389": "So simple recipe.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00010-00006389-00006839": "The one thing I need is.. the strength of forearm. 😂", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00011-00006941-00007255": "I'm getting strong arm.. yeah..", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00012-00007293-00007529": "Finished!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00013-00007698-00008104": "Plating them on the white big bowl.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00014-00008159-00008521": "Can't lose any thing!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00015-00008772-00009118": "I used ketchup and", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00016-00009129-00009493": "mustard for sauce.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00017-00009513-00009914": "Made this so quickly!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00018-00010136-00010672": "\"Chopped salad\"", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00019-00010714-00011117": "Mix well first, and let's try.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00020-00011249-00011673": "Should eat salad with enough amount of sauce.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00021-00011870-00012278": "Cuz it become way more yummy when mixed with sauce well!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00022-00012528-00012884": "One good point of chopped salad is that", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00023-00012885-00013358": "I could smell nice fresh scent of vegetable right after chopping ingredients.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00024-00013478-00013900": "So I can feel I'm getting healthy even before eating this salad.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00025-00014105-00014547": "It's also good when you add avocado, corn, and cherry tomatoes, too.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00026-00014648-00014940": "Oh, and also cheese!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00027-00014988-00015376": "I'm watching new Korean comedy TV show,", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00028-00015376-00015808": "and this is so much fun..", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00029-00015932-00016340": "I watched other TV show that same producer made before and that was also my meal friend.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00030-00016341-00016793": "I love comedy programs that same producer make.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00031-00016885-00017332": "My precious healing time..", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00032-00017541-00017853": "Enjoyed this dinner.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00033-00018002-00018358": "Came to the gym after work as always.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00034-00018534-00018883": "Actually, I have no strict routine when I exercise.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00035-00018897-00019310": "So I do whatever I want that day!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00036-00019332-00019751": "But I'm trying not to do same workout everyday.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00037-00019751-00020163": "So that I can strengthen whole body.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00038-00020208-00020541": "Guess what today's dinner is~!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00039-00020541-00020990": "\"Tortilla pizza\" 🍕", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00040-00021006-00021349": "Ingredients : mushroom, onion, chicken breast cube", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00041-00021361-00021806": "Apply ketchup on the tortilla.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00042-00021806-00022160": "Applying neatly..", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00043-00022160-00022618": "I also put chili sauce, too.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00044-00022867-00023307": "And then it's time to put all the ingredients on the tortilla.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00045-00023321-00023823": "But there's too much ingredients..!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00046-00023856-00024408": "Looks like a mountain..! LOL", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00047-00024780-00024939": "Hea..vy..", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00048-00025188-00025583": "Nowadays, I'm using balmuda toaster instead of oven.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00049-00025941-00026141": "170℃, 8min", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00050-00026475-00026940": "Parsley flakes can make the visual better.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00051-00027000-00027439": "Also put fresh leaves on the top.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00052-00027679-00028135": "And peach mango green tea ade.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00053-00028231-00028374": "Looks like beer!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00054-00028484-00028828": "Add ice 🧊", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00055-00028828-00029184": "Shake it~", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00056-00029266-00029636": "My palm is getting so hot..!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00057-00029843-00030252": "\"Tortilla pizza\" 🍕", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00058-00030482-00030856": "I'm thirsty so I need to drink first.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00059-00030856-00031322": "Cut tortilla pizza using knife.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00060-00031531-00032012": "Thin but chewy tortilla and all ingredients go well together.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00061-00032059-00032528": "Especially I like the margin part which was crispy like a cracker!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00062-00032748-00033234": "It was little bit difficult to cut with knife..", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00063-00033380-00033799": "But that's fine. It's still delicious.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00064-00033842-00034280": "In fact, I put ketchup instead of tomato suace,", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00065-00034292-00034773": "but I found tomato sauce in the refrigerator later.. 😂", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00066-00034784-00035268": "I recommend you to put tomato sauce if you have! 🥫", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00067-00035302-00035755": "That's okay with ketchup just like what I did. :)", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00068-00035779-00036091": "Enjoyed today's dinner well.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00069-00036120-00036481": "How can I pass dessert..?", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00070-00036500-00036853": "This is cheese scone. 🧀", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00071-00036868-00037277": "Cheese flavor was not that strong, but it was salty and sweet enough!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00072-00037332-00037670": "I wish cheese dessert boom doesn't finish at Korea..", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00073-00037887-00038246": "Sky of one day afternoon.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00074-00038246-00038618": "Sky during sunset is always peaceful and beautiful.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00075-00038655-00038977": "Sweet pumpkin is one natural food which is more delicious on summer.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00076-00039157-00039430": "So today's menu is 'Sweet pumpkin egg slut'!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00077-00039503-00039886": "I microwaved this sweet pumpkin for 2 minutes right before.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00078-00039907-00040214": "Put 1 egg in half of sweet pumpkin.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00079-00040214-00040346": "⭐️ Don't forget to crush the egg yolk. ⭐️", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00080-00040347-00040606": "Add little bit of salt.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00081-00040648-00040950": "Going in the microwave for extra 2 minutes.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00082-00041014-00041437": "Add mozzarella cheese on the top as much as you want!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00083-00041461-00041784": "Microwave this for 2 minutes. (This is the last time!)", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00084-00042000-00042327": "Parsley flakes on top. 🌿", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00085-00042327-00042676": "Summer is the best season to eat this menu.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00086-00042746-00043194": "\"Sweet pumpkin egg slut\"", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00087-00043362-00043796": "In fact, I wanted a half-done egg, but..", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00088-00043796-00044218": "this became hard-boiled egg. 😂", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00089-00044376-00044743": "But that's alright cuz it's so sweet and yummy.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00090-00044760-00045457": "The classic version of pumpkin egg slut is opening cover on top and using whole pumpkin.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00091-00045457-00045801": "but I used half of it as I'm not so much hungry today.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00092-00045919-00046323": "I like this recipe because it's simple but delicious.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00093-00046323-00046604": "Try this recipe when you are tired to cook!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00094-00046748-00047040": "Dessert of another day.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00095-00047040-00047430": "This bottle cake is chocolate hazelnut cake.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00096-00047558-00047852": "This bakery use erythritol and stevia instead of white sugar.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00097-00047852-00048307": "And bread sheet is made of oat flour.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00098-00048577-00048951": "Dense chocolate cream, chocolate sheet, and peanut butter.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00099-00048969-00049388": "The point of this cake is hazelnut up and inside the cake!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00100-00049452-00049840": "I can taste the flavor of erythritol,", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00101-00049840-00050254": "but that will be fine if your mouth is not that sensitive..!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00102-00050335-00050840": "By the way, what's your solution if you become stressful~?", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00103-00050878-00051401": "My solution is eating dessert, work out, dessert, going to cafe to read books, again dessert..", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00104-00051831-00052323": "Conclusion : I relieved stress today!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00105-00052648-00053000": "Today I came to the gym near by home.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00106-00053032-00053446": "Cardio 30 min + Weight training 40 min", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00107-00053511-00053948": "It's good to change exercise routine or gym sometime.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00108-00053948-00054221": "Not to get bored with exercising.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00109-00054419-00054793": "I bought some plates from 'Nuhveunjae'.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00110-00054794-00055241": "The off-line store is located on Icheon, but I bought these on-line.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00111-00055290-00055742": "I was so attracted to the unique but simple style plates.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00112-00055760-00056146": "So I bought two plates here.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00113-00056475-00056884": "First one is the white bowl.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00114-00056959-00057735": "It would be good to eat rice or noodle in it.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00115-00057914-00058482": "There are very small dots on the surface, and this is the point.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00116-00058500-00058822": "This bowl is more pretty when you see this for real!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00117-00058869-00059113": "Totally satisfied ❤️", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00118-00059433-00059826": "Second one is flat plate.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00119-00059987-00060426": "This plate is the most flat type of plate that I've bought.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00120-00060499-00060868": "This plate also have small dots on the surface.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00121-00060891-00061524": "And also some pitting sites, too.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00122-00061560-00061861": "This make the plate natural.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00123-00061900-00062265": "These two plates are quite heavy,", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00124-00062295-00062683": "but I guess these will be durable enough!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00125-00062818-00063127": "Looks I'm really satisfied with new plates. 😊", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00126-00063212-00063772": "These look so nice 🤍", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00127-00063950-00064260": "Today I'll make simple meal using seaweed noodle.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00128-00064475-00064787": "\"Chicken breast cube with spicy noodle\"", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00129-00064812-00065309": "Washed seaweed noodle and lettuce.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00130-00065589-00065951": "Crispy chicken breast as a topping.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00131-00065968-00066277": "Cute cubes.. 🤍", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00132-00066295-00066659": "Pour sweet, spicy sauce on top, and that's it.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00133-00066683-00067000": "Oh, and sesame will make this more savory.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00134-00067039-00067427": "Super quickly made meal that doesn't need fire!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00135-00067543-00067913": "\"Chicken breast cube & spicy noodle\"", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00136-00067913-00068246": "Actually, the real main character today is the new plate. ⭐️", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00137-00068376-00068847": "Mix noodle with sauce well~", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00138-00069345-00069620": "and let me try.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00139-00069712-00070078": "This was first time trying spicy seaweed noodle,", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00140-00070079-00070427": "and it's delicious!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00141-00070525-00071027": "I like this jelly-like texture noodle, and it includes water inside.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00142-00071241-00071618": "This package includes both sauce and noodle,", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00143-00071618-00072130": "and sauce was pretty good, too.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00144-00072414-00072807": "This kind of spicy noodle goes well with fresh lettuce.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00145-00072821-00073237": "I microwaved chicken breast for twice, so it became crispy!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00146-00073252-00073768": "I worried if it becomes so hard, but it was still delicious.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00147-00073768-00074523": "The texture was like fried chicken!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00148-00074538-00074902": "Totally satisfied with that. ✨", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00149-00075199-00075707": "I bought seaweed noodle at 'Market Kurly', so try it if you're curious!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00150-00075773-00076042": "AGAIN DESSERT", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00151-00076083-00076541": "This is cheese pound cake. 🧀", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00152-00076586-00076895": "The middle part of pound was soooo great..", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00153-00077034-00077453": "Can you feel how dense this is?", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00154-00077797-00078231": "I really like cheese flavored desserts,", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00155-00078231-00078799": "and I realized that this bakery makes cheese dessert so well at first try.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00156-00079008-00079391": "I unfrozen this pound cake for 5 hours in the refrigerator,", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00157-00079441-00079836": "and that made this pound cake very soft.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00158-00080002-00080384": "Margin part was dense and hard,", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00159-00080384-00080887": "and it tastes like cheese chocolate inside!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00160-00081171-00081619": "And it was sweet, more than salty.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00161-00081698-00082078": "Happy dinner time, finished!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00162-00082458-00083385": "I came back home after work, and thinking about what I will eat this dinner while eating natto for appetizer.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00163-00083563-00084081": "There are quite many people who don't like natto..!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00164-00084081-00084500": "But I like it!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00165-00084518-00084890": "By the way, what should I eat for dinner..?", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00166-00084980-00085451": "This ingredient is 'tempeh' and I decided to use this today.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00167-00085520-00086000": "I found that tempeh beocme delicious when stir-fried with soy sauce.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00168-00086078-00086278": "This is made of soy bean!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00169-00086313-00086719": "This one pack is 200g, so I'm dividing it.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00170-00086768-00087203": "I feel comfortable while cutting this.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00171-00087217-00087646": "Today I'll use this five slices. It's about 70g.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00172-00087708-00087908": "I'll put rest of these in the freezer.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00173-00088019-00088430": "Stir-fry tempeh on the pan first.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00174-00088451-00088693": "Until surface begins to be dark yellowish!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00175-00088812-00089361": "2T of soy sauce", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00176-00089361-00089746": "I used coconut aminos instead of soy sauce.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00177-00089766-00090333": "Fry until soy sauce get even on the surface.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00178-00090548-00091000": "I added allulose syrup because I wanted these to be little bit sweet.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00179-00091269-00091925": "But.. soy sauce and syrup are both easy to burn..", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00180-00092182-00092616": "Now it's time to fry vegetables, too.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00181-00092668-00093095": "I bought these vegetable mix from 'Market Kurly'.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00182-00093166-00093658": "1/2tsp of Gochujang(Korean spicy sauce)", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00183-00093880-00094367": "I also added allulose syrup here, too.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00184-00094425-00094625": "Finished cooking already.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00185-00094686-00095000": "New plate 🍽", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00186-00095091-00095624": "Plate stir-fried tempeh on the plate neatly,", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00187-00095624-00096207": "and put spicy vegetable on the side, too.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00188-00096243-00096521": "Tada~ ✨", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00189-00096717-00097066": "\"Fried soy sauce tempeh\"", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00190-00097079-00097279": "Could smell soy sauce and savory tempeh flavor well..", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00191-00097435-00097783": "This was the first time making dish using tempeh.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00192-00097812-00098197": "Tempeh is famous among vegetarian!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00193-00098228-00098881": "I really like dishes made of bean, so I'm looking forward to eating this.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00194-00098964-00099688": "I heard tempeh become more delicious when fried with soy sauce, so I made first dish with that recipe.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00195-00099738-00100131": "Excited to eat the first tempeh~!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00196-00100255-00100935": "Wow! I can taste savory bean so well, so I recommend to who likes soft beans.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00197-00101274-00101766": "Spicy fried vegetables were also good. ☺️", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00198-00102054-00102606": "Many salad stores sell salad which has tempeh for toppings.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00199-00102689-00103160": "Why did I find this nice ingredient so late!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00200-00103412-00103946": "There are plenty of healthy and yummy ingredients nowadays.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00201-00104070-00104520": "Actually, I thought this won't be delicious because the visual was weird..", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00202-00104546-00105082": "But that was my mistake..! This was soft, nutty, and goes well with other ingredients.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00203-00105107-00105680": "The texture was also good, so I will use this ingredients often from now on.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00204-00105894-00106433": "Also, tempeh includes 19g of protein per 100g.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00205-00106462-00106950": "So it would be good when you want to take phyto-protein.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00206-00107228-00107795": "I'll think about what kind of other recipes I can make using tempeh!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00207-00108095-00108665": "It's so much fun trying new ingredients and recipes.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00208-00108895-00109390": "That's my healing time. 😍", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00209-00109556-00110011": "I enjoyed this dinner!", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00210-00110184-00110726": "Today's vlog ends here.", "4BL-AwtSW2y-00211-00110798-00111583": "Thank you for watching! 🙏🏻"}}, {"audio_id": "4CbTD0DlQBo", "text": {"4CbTD0DlQBo-00000-00000002-00000300": "searching at the same time you see why I have high school up here", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00001-00000300-00000756": "well I could put a star right after high school", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00002-00000756-00001240": "and end the quote now to find high schools high schools with an s", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00003-00001240-00001553": "high schooling...hahahah", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00004-00001553-00001994": "high schoolers okay good yet so so let you know you'll see that", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00005-00001994-00002196": "you'll come up with possibly more hits", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00006-00002196-00002550": "uh depending on your search and I just went from 114", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00007-00002550-00002948": "122 because I am willing to truncate", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00008-00002948-00003451": "a phrase even okay good what else ok what else did you learn? anything else that you are", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00009-00003451-00003521": "going to", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00010-00003521-00003935": "not tell anybody else about because you want to meet the top searcher in the room", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00011-00003935-00004387": "yes yes", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00012-00004387-00004719": "more than one database at a time again when you're searching the EBSCO once", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00013-00004719-00004762": "remember", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00014-00004762-00005162": "all you have to do is what you're in one of them you click on choose databases at", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00015-00005162-00005214": "the top", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00016-00005214-00005593": "you can choose the ones that you would like now I have had some people say", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00017-00005593-00005710": "select all", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00018-00005710-00006171": "like that use like every single one of the 40 some that is not necessarily a", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00019-00006171-00006296": "really good idea", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00020-00006296-00006601": "uh because you're searching like a reader's guide", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00021-00006601-00006902": "ah which has nothing to do it all with what you doing and you might come up", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00022-00006902-00007027": "with some the keywords", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00023-00007027-00007379": "that would work for you but it's really not what your interested in and so", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00024-00007379-00007729": "I don't recommend doing that unless you're just striking out", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00025-00007729-00008156": "and all the things you try instead pick and choose databases that you", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00026-00008156-00008229": "want like", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00027-00008229-00008547": "Academic Search Eric professional look at the", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00028-00008547-00008960": "11 or 12 databases that I highly recommend it on the guide for you", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00029-00008960-00009439": "and search those if you want and then do your search again that's how I would go about", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00030-00009439-00009593": "multiple databases a great way", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00031-00009593-00009918": "anything else? What else did you learned how", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00032-00009918-00010547": "focus your results...your hits...to get okay", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00033-00010547-00010861": "s u descriptors or subject terms is another thing", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00034-00010861-00011272": "it's called and that is something that you can only do all what type of page", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00035-00011272-00011618": "page you have to start on Advanced search", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00036-00011618-00012032": "okay so look for the subject if you can for the subject of", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00037-00012032-00012579": "word or phrase for and know how focusing but just remember that sometimes", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00038-00012579-00012912": "words or phrases you use might not be a subject so", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00039-00012912-00013302": "go back to the keyword and.. look at the article comes up with just", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00040-00013302-00013668": "words and subjects for article will be listed", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00041-00013668-00014075": "right here see this this right here so for instance if I did even", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00042-00014075-00014422": "use subjects but just keywords it would tell me that subjects of", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00043-00014422-00014754": "this article is elementary secondary education", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00044-00014754-00015163": "schools Statistics educator educational indicators", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00045-00015163-00015523": "enrollment rate so it would give you ideas", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00046-00015523-00015893": "of subjects that you wouldn't even think of so they tried to give you", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00047-00015893-00016275": "those subjects right at the top to the article sets really good way", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00048-00016275-00016625": "maybe some other ideas let's say you're doing foreign languages", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00049-00016625-00017005": "and you're looking at you do a search on foreign languages but then it says", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00050-00017005-00017481": "some other words or phrases here that are subjects dealing with foreign languages that you wouldn't even", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00051-00017481-00017669": "think of you can go back up", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00052-00017669-00018004": "and re-put those in with ORs and get even", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00053-00018004-00018558": "better hits this is Advanced search people this is it advanced search", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00054-00018558-00018920": "there are people in this world who have never heard of this", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00055-00018920-00019231": "whatsoever people in this university never heard of this", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00056-00019231-00019634": "okay using truncation and phrases and the ORs and the Ands", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00057-00019634-00019958": "and narrowing it down here are the limiters and using subject", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00058-00019958-00020415": "terms can become so good at doing this that you were going to be asked to speak", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00059-00020415-00020662": "about this is gonna start throwing money at you", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00060-00020662-00021006": "ask you to please write about this and go to our school district and talk about it", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00061-00021006-00021467": "become rich and your member doctor current and me and", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00062-00021467-00021901": "this class..hahah", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00063-00021901-00022217": "that's right just okay", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00064-00022217-00022519": "well it is 11:59", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00065-00022519-00022851": "how is that? look at that? alright so", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00066-00022851-00023220": "what I'd like to do is just quickly again any questions for me", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00067-00023220-00023575": "any questions at all you're welcome welcome", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00068-00023575-00023904": "claps...", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00069-00023904-00024329": "What's my name?try to answer all okay again", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00070-00024329-00024823": "we have 10 library who will be happy to help you with your research downstairs I", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00071-00024823-00025009": "don't work research help desk", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00072-00025009-00025337": "downstairs because I do lot of these things", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00073-00025337-00025732": "certainly know he has had SS but certainly know that we're here to help", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00074-00025732-00025760": "you", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00075-00025760-00026252": "please go back to the guide and look the examples that we have...practice with it you will", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00076-00026252-00026616": "really good at it by the time here in...300 or 400 level", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00077-00026616-00026997": "classes you'll doing extensive research you'll doing in 1/10 of a time", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00078-00026997-00027454": "with everybody around you...you'll be very happy spend less time do your research", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00079-00027454-00027800": "and more time doing something with it...alright thank you very much for your", "4CbTD0DlQBo-00080-00027800-00027835": "time"}}, {"audio_id": "4Dy0uGuShe8", "text": {"4Dy0uGuShe8-00000-00000587-00001383": "'한여름의 추억' 최강희가 쓸쓸한 감정이 폭발하는 빗속 열연으로", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00001-00001401-00001900": "감성을 자극했다.", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00002-00001917-00002680": "오는 31일 2회 연속 방송되는 JTBC 드라마 '한여름의", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00003-00002698-00003472": "추억' 제작진은 30일 슬픈 눈빛으로 쏟아지는 비를 온몸으로", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00004-00003489-00004076": "맞는 최강희의 모습을 공개했다.", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00005-00004094-00004868": "'한여름의 추억'은 여전히 사랑하고 사랑받고 싶은 서른일곱의", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00006-00004885-00005670": "라디오 작가 한여름(최강희 분)의 가장 찬란하게 빛나고, 가슴", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00007-00005688-00006406": "시리게 아팠던 사랑의 연대기를 섬세하게 그린 작품.", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00008-00006424-00007209": "공개된 사진에는 세차게 내리는 비를 피하지 않고 고스란히 맞고", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00009-00007227-00007880": "있는 한여름의 서글픈 얼굴이 담겨 있다.", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00010-00007897-00008682": "쏟아지는 빗속에서 무언가를 목격하고 놀란 듯한 한여름의 눈빛이", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00011-00008700-00009210": "호기심을 자극한다.", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00012-00009227-00009990": "한여름은 갑자기 내리는 비를 피하려 미묘한 썸을 타고 있는", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00013-00010008-00010771": "동료 라디오 PD 오제훈(태인호 분)에게 연락하려다 뜻밖의", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00014-00010788-00011529": "상황을 마주하고 서글픈 감정에 휩싸이는 모습을 그렸다.", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00015-00011546-00012375": "내리는 비만큼 촉촉이 젖은 한여름의 눈빛에서 짙은 외로움이 느껴진다.", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00016-00012393-00013156": "이날 촬영에서 최강희는 쏟아지는 물줄기를 수차례 맞으면서도", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00017-00013172-00013727": "남다른 몰입도를 발휘했다.", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00018-00013744-00014519": "한여름의 감정선이 드러나는 완벽한 장면을 만들기 위해 추위에", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00019-00014536-00015321": "떨면서도 빗속으로 뛰어 들어가는 것을 주저하지 않았다는 후문.", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00020-00015338-00016102": "최강희의 열연 덕분에 사랑 받고 싶고, 하고 싶은 한여름이", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00021-00016119-00016838": "느끼는 외로움과 쓸쓸함이 극대화된 감성을 완성했다.", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00022-00016856-00017630": "제작진은 '최강희가 빗속에서도 섬세한 감정이 드러나는 연기로", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00023-00017647-00018454": "한여름의 감정을 고스란히 담아냈다'며 '최강희만의 감성이 돋보이는", "4Dy0uGuShe8-00024-00018472-00019059": "열연을 기대해 달라'고 전했다."}}, {"audio_id": "4DKZKVtHpng", "text": {"4DKZKVtHpng-00000-00000064-00000541": "Back in the last section, we talked about how the sine was an odd function and the cosine", "4DKZKVtHpng-00001-00000541-00000731": "was an even function.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00002-00000731-00001406": "From a mathematical perspective, this meant that:", "4DKZKVtHpng-00003-00001406-00002383": "sin(-x) = - sin(x)", "4DKZKVtHpng-00004-00002383-00003405": "while cos(-x) = cos(x)", "4DKZKVtHpng-00005-00003405-00004498": "We call these the negative angle identities.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00006-00004498-00005617": "We can use them to derive negative angle identities for all", "4DKZKVtHpng-00007-00005617-00006782": "of", "4DKZKVtHpng-00008-00006782-00007107": "the other functions.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00009-00007107-00007720": "tan(-x) = sin(-x)/cos(-x) = -sin(x)/cos(x) = - tan(x)", "4DKZKVtHpng-00010-00007720-00008081": "So the tangent is an odd function.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00011-00008081-00008688": "sec(-x) = 1/cos(-x) = 1/cos(x) = sec(x)", "4DKZKVtHpng-00012-00008688-00009975": "So", "4DKZKVtHpng-00013-00009975-00011311": "the secant is an even function.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00014-00011311-00013047": "csc(-x) = 1/sin(-x) = 1/-sin(x) = - csc(x)", "4DKZKVtHpng-00015-00013047-00013502": "Making the cosecant an odd function.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00016-00013502-00013602": "And finally", "4DKZKVtHpng-00017-00013602-00015124": "cot(-x) = cos(-x)/sin(-x) = cos(x)/-sin(x) = -cot(x)", "4DKZKVtHpng-00018-00015124-00016362": "demonstrates that the cotangent is an odd function as well.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00019-00016362-00017970": "This is now a complete list of our negative angle identities.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00020-00017970-00018090": "What does this mean for us?", "4DKZKVtHpng-00021-00018090-00018800": "Well, if we have a negative angle, and need to take its cosine or secant, we can just", "4DKZKVtHpng-00022-00018800-00018912": "ignore the negative!", "4DKZKVtHpng-00023-00018912-00019436": "And if we have a negative angle, and need to use any of the other trig functions, we", "4DKZKVtHpng-00024-00019436-00019737": "can pull the negative out in front.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00025-00019737-00020139": "These seem like small changes, but understanding these identities will make it much easier", "4DKZKVtHpng-00026-00020139-00020430": "to solve many equations!", "4DKZKVtHpng-00027-00020430-00020923": "Another type of identity relationship can be very interesting in helping us understand", "4DKZKVtHpng-00028-00020923-00021431": "how our different trigonometric graphs are related.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00029-00021431-00022459": "If you recall, back when we were looking at solving right triangles, we were able to identify", "4DKZKVtHpng-00030-00022459-00023035": "the following relationship.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00031-00023035-00024179": "The sine of one non-right angle (opposite over hypotenuse) in our triangle was the same", "4DKZKVtHpng-00032-00024179-00025334": "as the cosine (adjacent over hypotenuse) of the other non-right angle.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00033-00025334-00026216": "Since all of the angles in a right triangle add up to 180 degrees, and", "4DKZKVtHpng-00034-00026216-00027117": "one of the angles had to be a right angle, or 90 degrees, then if we call one of our", "4DKZKVtHpng-00035-00027117-00028931": "angles alpha, then the other angle", "4DKZKVtHpng-00036-00028931-00031630": "will be 90 - alpha.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00037-00031630-00033036": "So we could say: sin(alpha) =  cos(90 degrees-alpha)", "4DKZKVtHpng-00038-00033036-00033716": "Now that we are dealing with circles and graphs, we will pretty much be sticking with radians.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00039-00033716-00035337": "So we can say that sin(theta) = cos (pi/2 - theta), and also that cos(theta) =", "4DKZKVtHpng-00040-00035337-00035635": "sin(pi/2- theta).", "4DKZKVtHpng-00041-00035635-00036238": "When we want to talk about graphing our trigonometric functions, we generally like our angle inside", "4DKZKVtHpng-00042-00036238-00036756": "the trig function to come first to better determine horizontal shifts.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00043-00036756-00037813": "So we can factor out a negative one from inside the trig function.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00044-00037813-00039616": "sin(theta)=cos(-(-pi/2+theta), or rewrite this as sin(theta)=cos(-(theta-pi/2)).", "4DKZKVtHpng-00045-00039616-00040078": "Since cosine is even, according to the negative angle identity for cosine, we can ignore that", "4DKZKVtHpng-00046-00040078-00040750": "negative inside, and say that  sin(theta)=cos(theta- pi/2).", "4DKZKVtHpng-00047-00040750-00041808": "That is, the  sine function curve is just a cosine curve", "4DKZKVtHpng-00048-00041808-00042081": "that is shifted to the right by pi/2 radians.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00049-00042081-00042602": "Let's try looking at the cosine version of this relationship: cos(theta)=sin(pi/2-theta).", "4DKZKVtHpng-00050-00042602-00046544": "Factor out the negative and reorder the inside to get cos(theta)=sin(-(theta-pi/2).", "4DKZKVtHpng-00051-00046544-00047644": "However, this time, since the sine function is odd, the negative needs to be pulled out", "4DKZKVtHpng-00052-00047644-00049078": "front  giving us the shifted angle relationship:", "4DKZKVtHpng-00053-00049078-00049406": "cos(theta)=-sin(theta-pi/2).", "4DKZKVtHpng-00054-00049406-00049914": "That is the cosine function graph is the same as a sine graph, shifted to the right by pi/2", "4DKZKVtHpng-00055-00049914-00050805": "radians, and the reflected over the x-axis.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00056-00050805-00051651": "Remember in the last video, how we said that the cotangent looks like a shifted tangent", "4DKZKVtHpng-00057-00051651-00051837": "function flipped over the axis.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00058-00051837-00052475": "Let's prove that using these new shifted angle relationships!", "4DKZKVtHpng-00059-00052475-00054541": "cot(theta) = cos(theta)/sin(theta) = -sin(theta-pi/2)/cos(pi/2-theta) = -tan(pi/2 - theta).", "4DKZKVtHpng-00060-00054541-00056917": "That is, the cotangent function is the same as the tangent function, shifted pi/2 to the", "4DKZKVtHpng-00061-00056917-00057922": "right, and then flipped over the x-axis!", "4DKZKVtHpng-00062-00057922-00058282": "We can do these same types of proof for all of the trigonometric functions and get the", "4DKZKVtHpng-00063-00058282-00060045": "following full list of shifted angle relationship identities:", "4DKZKVtHpng-00064-00060045-00062626": "sin(theta)=cos(theta-pi/2) cos(theta)=-sin(theta-pi/2)", "4DKZKVtHpng-00065-00062626-00066498": "tan(theta)= -cot(theta-pi/2) sec(theta)=-csc(theta-pi/2)", "4DKZKVtHpng-00066-00066498-00069079": "csc(theta)=sec(theta-pi/2) cot(theta)=-cot(theta-pi/2)", "4DKZKVtHpng-00067-00069079-00069466": "I recommend that you keep a running tally of all the major identities that we learn", "4DKZKVtHpng-00068-00069466-00069775": "in this class, and create a formula list for yourself.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00069-00069775-00070131": "When we work to prove identities or to solve equations, it will be nice to have a full", "4DKZKVtHpng-00070-00070131-00070370": "list of the identities we've learned close at hand", "4DKZKVtHpng-00071-00070370-00070817": "to use for a reference to help you establish equality and move you forward in solving a", "4DKZKVtHpng-00072-00070817-00071155": "problem at what would otherwise seem a  dead end.", "4DKZKVtHpng-00073-00071155-00072824": "So far, we have the 3 versions of the Pythagorean identity, our trigonometric definitions,", "4DKZKVtHpng-00074-00072824-00073886": "and now we can add the negative identities and the shifted angle identities to that list."}}, {"audio_id": "4DZCZwUNREc", "text": {"4DZCZwUNREc-00000-00000060-00000678": "hi guys hello and welcome to the latest episode of maniac Red Devils uh today we would like to talk", "4DZCZwUNREc-00001-00000678-00001464": "about the Manchester United Football Club takeover situation on the pitch we are doing uh fine under", "4DZCZwUNREc-00002-00001464-00002196": "Eric ten hag uh we are doing absolutely great we are fighting on all four fronts possible be it the", "4DZCZwUNREc-00003-00002196-00002808": "league albeit it's a difficult situation in the league we are uh currently eight points behind", "4DZCZwUNREc-00004-00002808-00003588": "the league leaders Arsenal but come April if we still win our matches and if we don't drop any", "4DZCZwUNREc-00005-00003588-00004290": "more points there is still a chance that we would be in with a chance plus there is also the League", "4DZCZwUNREc-00006-00004290-00004956": "Cup Final as well next Sunday uh Europa League we did well in the first leg against Barcelona and", "4DZCZwUNREc-00007-00004956-00005802": "we just need to finish the tie in the second leg and uh there is the FA Cup as well with a lot of", "4DZCZwUNREc-00008-00005802-00006360": "big teams out of the competition like Liverpool Chelsea Arsenal uh we are in with a chance with", "4DZCZwUNREc-00009-00006360-00007380": "only man city uh the only probably big team who can win it other than us so all in all on the", "4DZCZwUNREc-00010-00007380-00008100": "pitch things are going well off the pitch it's uh quite a crucial juncture for us at the moment", "4DZCZwUNREc-00011-00008190-00008916": "because whatever happens in the next few days this might just uh shape the future of this football", "4DZCZwUNREc-00012-00008916-00009786": "club it's been tough times as a football fan of this club under the glazers or regime for the past", "4DZCZwUNREc-00013-00009786-00010590": "17 years or so but uh finally things are looking up for us the glazers have put the club on sale", "4DZCZwUNREc-00014-00010656-00011568": "uh last November and they have invited bids and the soft deadline as said by the Raine group who", "4DZCZwUNREc-00015-00011568-00012384": "are overseeing the takeover situation on behalf of the glazers uh was uh February the 17th 10", "4DZCZwUNREc-00016-00012384-00013500": "pm UK time and uh just before the deadline there was a bid from Qatar uh and it was confirmed that", "4DZCZwUNREc-00017-00013500-00014454": "Sheikh jasim bin Hamad al thani chairman of qib Bank in Qatar and who is also son of the former", "4DZCZwUNREc-00018-00014454-00015234": "prime minister of Qatar he has made a substantial bid of around four and a half billion pounds", "4DZCZwUNREc-00019-00015378-00016104": "uh the exact amount uh cannot be ascertain at the moment but it's somewhere around four to five", "4DZCZwUNREc-00020-00016104-00016764": "billion pounds and the bid has been made through nine two formation which is possibly named after", "4DZCZwUNREc-00021-00016764-00017700": "the class of 92 as al thani is rumored to be uh uh a lifelong United fan the official statement", "4DZCZwUNREc-00022-00017700-00018540": "uh issued by the representatives of althani reads somewhat like this", "4DZCZwUNREc-00023-00018540-00019332": "Sheikh jasim bin Hamad al thani today confirmed his submission of a bid for 100 per cent of", "4DZCZwUNREc-00024-00019332-00020082": "Manchester United Football Club the bid plans to return the club to its former glories both on and", "4DZCZwUNREc-00025-00020082-00020658": "off the pitch and above all will seek to place the fans at the heart of Manchester United Football", "4DZCZwUNREc-00026-00020658-00021360": "Club Once More the bid will be completely debt free via Sheikh jasim's 9-2 Foundation which will", "4DZCZwUNREc-00027-00021360-00022104": "look to invest in the football teams the training center the stadium and wider infrastructure The", "4DZCZwUNREc-00028-00022104-00022650": "Fan Experience and the communities the club supports the vision of the club the vision of", "4DZCZwUNREc-00029-00022650-00023262": "the bid sorry is for Manchester United Football Club to be renowned for footballing excellence", "4DZCZwUNREc-00030-00023262-00023820": "and regarded as the greatest football club in the world more details of the bid will be released", "4DZCZwUNREc-00031-00023820-00024546": "when appropriate if and when the bid process develops so straight away unlike the glazers'", "4DZCZwUNREc-00032-00024546-00025488": "buyout in 2005 uh in which case they had only uh paid about 150 to 200 million pounds out of", "4DZCZwUNREc-00033-00025488-00026333": "their own pocket of a leveraged buyout amount of uh around close to 790 million pounds the most", "4DZCZwUNREc-00034-00026333-00027360": "of which this the club still has to service the debt till date out of the club and so", "4DZCZwUNREc-00035-00027504-00028110": "looking at the statement the possible positive we can take positive from it", "4DZCZwUNREc-00036-00028110-00029142": "uh that it's going to be a completely debt free investment so that's that's quite a positive now", "4DZCZwUNREc-00037-00029304-00030012": "but we have to look at it uh in details in order to understand the", "4DZCZwUNREc-00038-00030012-00030480": "possible reasons as to why he would be willing to take over the club", "4DZCZwUNREc-00039-00030780-00031452": "are willing to make that big an investment apart from the money obviously and plus the fact that", "4DZCZwUNREc-00040-00031452-00032094": "he's a self-proclaimed lifelong Manchester United supporter there could also be issues like uh", "4DZCZwUNREc-00041-00032160-00033030": "looking to improve the profile of him and the and his country as Qatar we all know have been", "4DZCZwUNREc-00042-00033108-00034278": "they have been related to big issues like that of the human rights and the migrant workers issues", "4DZCZwUNREc-00043-00034278-00035046": "as well as the lgbtq rights so many are looking at this bid as some sort of a sports washing project", "4DZCZwUNREc-00044-00035226-00035910": "in terms of money I don't think it's a big issue for uh al-thani because he is also a", "4DZCZwUNREc-00045-00035910-00036588": "board member of the credit Suisse bank which is one of the biggest banks in the world and there", "4DZCZwUNREc-00046-00036588-00037338": "is no reason to believe that it is going to be a state a state-owned investment state-backed", "4DZCZwUNREc-00047-00037338-00038154": "investment because many journalists including Sky have claimed that there is no connection uh", "4DZCZwUNREc-00048-00038154-00039138": "in regards to the qib who are the owners of PSG so if if that's the case then and if it's", "4DZCZwUNREc-00049-00039138-00039948": "a private investment uh and they are looking uh at this uh from a fan point of view and they", "4DZCZwUNREc-00050-00039948-00040398": "are looking to invest in the stadium as they have mentioned looking to invest in both the", "4DZCZwUNREc-00051-00040398-00041196": "mens and the uh women's team and uh plus the training center and also the communities the", "4DZCZwUNREc-00052-00041196-00041838": "club supports uh uh they have committed to invest in the communities the club support so that would", "4DZCZwUNREc-00053-00041838-00042738": "mean that they wouldn't not back away from the lgbtq and the other communities so all in all", "4DZCZwUNREc-00054-00042828-00043260": "at this moment can't really find a fault with this bid at the moment but", "4DZCZwUNREc-00055-00043344-00044040": "as more and more details will come out about this bid then we can make our mind about it", "4DZCZwUNREc-00056-00044358-00045036": "so other than that uh the other significant bid that has come in is of course uh from Sir Jim", "4DZCZwUNREc-00057-00045036-00045780": "Ratcliffe who had uh last month uh signaled his intention that of participating in the bidding", "4DZCZwUNREc-00058-00045780-00046620": "process and uh yesterday uh chemical giant Ineos who of course led by Sir Jim Radcliffe had issued", "4DZCZwUNREc-00059-00046620-00047418": "a statement uh confirming that they have tabled a bid for majority stakes in Manchester United", "4DZCZwUNREc-00060-00047418-00048216": "Football Club the statement issued by Ineos reads like this uh we can confirm that's Jim", "4DZCZwUNREc-00061-00048216-00048804": "Ratcliffe and ineos have submitted a bid for major for majority ownership of Manchester", "4DZCZwUNREc-00062-00048804-00049434": "United Football Club we could see our role as the long-term custodians of Manchester United", "4DZCZwUNREc-00063-00049434-00050100": "on behalf of the fans and The Wider Community we are ambitious and highly competitive and would", "4DZCZwUNREc-00064-00050100-00050694": "want to invest in Manchester United to make them the number one club in the world once again we", "4DZCZwUNREc-00065-00050694-00051324": "also recognize that football governance in this country is at a Crossroads we would want to help", "4DZCZwUNREc-00066-00051324-00051978": "lead this next chapter deepening the culture of English football by making the club a beacon for a", "4DZCZwUNREc-00067-00051978-00052517": "modern Progressive fan centered approach to ownership we want a Manchester United", "4DZCZwUNREc-00068-00052517-00053202": "anchored in its proud history and roots in the northwest of England putting the Manchester back", "4DZCZwUNREc-00069-00053202-00053994": "into Manchester United and clearly focusing on winning the Champions League [Music] now as far", "4DZCZwUNREc-00070-00053994-00054702": "as this bit is confirmed uh there are rumors that this isn't going to be a debt-free investment uh", "4DZCZwUNREc-00071-00054702-00055517": "and this bid is uh going to be somewhat similar to what the glazers did and especially with uh", "4DZCZwUNREc-00072-00055517-00056322": "sir Jim's connection with the Goldman Sachs and JP Morgan uh there are rumors that uh it he will take", "4DZCZwUNREc-00073-00056322-00057455": "a personal loan uh in order to finance this deal now this this immediately Rings alarm bells for Us", "4DZCZwUNREc-00074-00057455-00058158": "Manchester United fans who have seen the Glazer's takeover especially uh those who are old enough to", "4DZCZwUNREc-00075-00058158-00059166": "remember the time so this is a tricky one uh until and unless more details are out about this it's uh", "4DZCZwUNREc-00076-00059220-00060300": "difficult to make our mind about it but uh there is there is another thing uh that uh a sort of a", "4DZCZwUNREc-00077-00060300-00061044": "warning as well because of Sir Jim's closeness to JP Morgan JP Morgan if you can remember were", "4DZCZwUNREc-00078-00061044-00061734": "one of the key sponsors of the Breakaway European Super League so does that mean that in the future", "4DZCZwUNREc-00079-00061734-00062658": "there might be a situation that Manchester United under Jim Ratcliffe if and when the Takeover takes", "4DZCZwUNREc-00080-00062658-00063414": "place that is we would like to participate in the European Super League so this would I don't think", "4DZCZwUNREc-00081-00063414-00064122": "this would be taken that well by the fans uh if that's the case also another thing about Sir Jim", "4DZCZwUNREc-00082-00064122-00064979": "is that he owns ogc nice in the French league and some of the fans are not happy with how the club", "4DZCZwUNREc-00083-00064979-00065934": "is run by him and they already want him out of the club I think he acquired the club in 2019 if I am", "4DZCZwUNREc-00084-00065934-00066960": "not wrong and if Within this is such a short span the fans want him out as as well there so that's a", "4DZCZwUNREc-00085-00066960-00067698": "red flag as well now other than these two bids there is possibly also talks of interest from", "4DZCZwUNREc-00086-00067776-00068676": "uh this the Saudi as well as the U.S another news that came out yesterday uh was that the", "4DZCZwUNREc-00087-00068676-00069426": "uh it was reported by the times and uh it said that the American hedge fund giant Elliott has", "4DZCZwUNREc-00088-00069426-00069948": "entered the 5 billion bidding battle for mufc in an extraordinary 11th Hour swoop", "4DZCZwUNREc-00089-00070056-00070578": "the heavyweight investor run by Paul singer has ruled itself out of a full takeover of the club", "4DZCZwUNREc-00090-00070578-00071700": "but has offered to provide the financing for a bid so the this is another uh tricky situation another", "4DZCZwUNREc-00091-00071808-00072516": "um uh thing which is difficult to judge if he if they do not uh", "4DZCZwUNREc-00092-00072600-00073380": "if they are not interested in a full takeover of the club so does that mean that they will uh", "4DZCZwUNREc-00093-00073506-00074190": "own some minority stakes and which in turn helps the glazers' uh stay at the club", "4DZCZwUNREc-00094-00074310-00075300": "so this is a bit of a concern uh but um anyways whichever way things goes from here on I don't", "4DZCZwUNREc-00095-00075300-00075918": "think that the glazers have an option to back out from this deal because Manchester United", "4DZCZwUNREc-00096-00075918-00076572": "share prices the moment the glazers put the club on sale back in November the share prices have", "4DZCZwUNREc-00097-00076572-00077208": "doubled and uh if they back out of this deal there is also the chance of the share prices", "4DZCZwUNREc-00098-00077208-00077958": "dropping down uh plus there will be huge fan backlash uh to say the least so and anyways", "4DZCZwUNREc-00099-00077958-00078648": "they had bought the club on a leveraged buyout class paying about 150 to 200 million out of", "4DZCZwUNREc-00100-00078648-00079752": "their own Pockets out of a total of uh around 790 800 million uh worth of deal so and if they", "4DZCZwUNREc-00101-00079752-00080574": "manage to get somewhere around three and a half to five or six billion uh pounds for this uh deal", "4DZCZwUNREc-00102-00080718-00081390": "uh it's got to be the biggest heists of this Century that they will pull off so", "4DZCZwUNREc-00103-00081690-00082536": "I don't think there is a case for the glazers uh to not sell the club at this moment especially", "4DZCZwUNREc-00104-00082536-00083454": "the money they will get it's going to be 100% tax free as they have uh already uh", "4DZCZwUNREc-00105-00083454-00083946": "shifted the club's registered office from uh Manchester to the Cayman Islands so", "4DZCZwUNREc-00106-00084018-00085116": "um um anyways it's a win-win scenario for all involved whoever wins the bid gets access to", "4DZCZwUNREc-00107-00085116-00086052": "uh the biggest fan base in global Sports and uh he would be the owner of the biggest sporting", "4DZCZwUNREc-00108-00086052-00086688": "Brands uh in all over the world and for the glazers they get what they want which is money", "4DZCZwUNREc-00109-00086784-00087462": "and for the fans it's the best case scenario with the glazers leaving and possibly getting", "4DZCZwUNREc-00110-00087462-00088338": "an owner who is concerned about the club so for today that's all the update that I have at this", "4DZCZwUNREc-00111-00088338-00088986": "moment uh but if there is any further update I'll keep you posted on this channel so watch", "4DZCZwUNREc-00112-00088986-00089538": "this space and please subscribe to our channel to stay updated regarding the Manchester United", "4DZCZwUNREc-00113-00089538-00090252": "take over situation and um that's it for today thanks thank you for joining bye bye"}}, {"audio_id": "4E3XY0z9YpY", "text": {"4E3XY0z9YpY-00000-00000011-00000121": "- Good morning everybody,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00001-00000121-00000250": "welcome back to another vlog.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00002-00000250-00000412": "Today is a very busy day,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00003-00000412-00000605": "and I don't have much time to start with", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00004-00000605-00000767": "because I'm already running super late", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00005-00000767-00000877": "even though I woke up early.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00006-00000877-00001105": "I don't know, it doesn't make sense. It is currently 10:07,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00007-00001105-00001277": "but I need to be out the door by 10:30.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00008-00001277-00001515": "I need to film a sponsored portion of a video,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00009-00001515-00001705": "and also a portion of another video", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00010-00001705-00001807": "before I leave.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00011-00001807-00001979": "Then I'm leaving, then I'm going thirfitng.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00012-00001979-00002143": "I have about an hour to go thrifting.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00013-00002143-00002266": "I'm gonna film that for a video,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00014-00002266-00002509": "and them I'm also going to meet a friend", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00015-00002509-00002627": "after I'm done filming.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00016-00002627-00002796": "So basically I don't have a lot of time.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00017-00002796-00003012": "I'm kind of frantically running around,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00018-00003012-00003267": "but I wanted to vlog today and hang out with you all.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00019-00003267-00003552": "Step one, let's film this little sponsored portion.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00020-00003552-00003806": "Yes, my self tan is extremely patchy,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00021-00003806-00004002": "we're just gonna have to deal with it. Let's go.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00022-00004002-00004260": "(upbeat music)", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00023-00004970-00005176": "Okay, I got some of it done, not all of it.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00024-00005176-00005348": "But here is my look for the day.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00025-00005348-00005636": "I am wearing this dress that is from Urban Outfitters.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00026-00005636-00005749": "It is extremely short,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00027-00005749-00005890": "but I do have shorts underneath it.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00028-00005890-00006063": "These are just tall girl problems.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00029-00006063-00006355": "And then I have these little thrifted cowboy boots.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00030-00006355-00006438": "Don't mind my bath mat.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00031-00006438-00006745": "I got these on Poshmark for like $10.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00032-00006745-00006966": "I'm pretty sure they're originally from Walmart.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00033-00006966-00007080": "I don't actually care.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00034-00007080-00007190": "This looks so cute.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00035-00007190-00007431": "This looks like a Taylor Swift \"Fearless\" vibe,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00036-00007431-00007515": "and I'm very much into it.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00037-00007515-00007722": "Okay, I have to go, I have a lot of things to do,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00038-00007722-00007839": "but we'll meet up in the car", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00039-00007839-00007962": "when it's a little bit later", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00040-00007962-00008158": "and I'm done thrifting, and I've got all that done with,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00041-00008158-00008319": "and I can have a little bit more time", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00042-00008319-00008522": "for vlogging and catching up.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00043-00008522-00008780": "(upbeat music)", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00044-00009037-00009281": "Oh my dear God, it is so hot.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00045-00009281-00009700": "I am sweating profusely, as usual.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00046-00009700-00010039": "I really wish, really wish I would have brought some perfume", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00047-00010039-00010245": "and some deodorant with me,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00048-00010245-00010477": "but such is life.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00049-00010477-00010720": "I am just heading out now to,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00050-00010720-00010891": "it's so loud, I'm so sorry.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00051-00010891-00011088": "Drew's air conditioning is so loud.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00052-00011088-00011386": "Oh, there's someone getting into their car.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00053-00011386-00011610": "Sorry, I didn't mean to almost hit you.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00054-00011610-00011806": "Can you close your door though, 'cause I gotta go.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00055-00011806-00012091": "Okay, whew, so much sweat happening,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00056-00012091-00012350": "so very much sweat.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00057-00012350-00012548": "But just finished thrifting.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00058-00012548-00012714": "It was a pretty good thrifting day.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00059-00012714-00012925": "I think I found a couple things I like.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00060-00012925-00013180": "And now I'm headed to Arcadia,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00061-00013180-00013516": "which is an area really close to where I used to live", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00062-00013516-00013725": "when I lived in the back apartment,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00063-00013893-00014043": "and they have a cute little area called The Vintage,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00064-00014043-00014183": "and they have a couple little shops,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00065-00014183-00014444": "they have a place where you can get a drink,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00066-00014444-00014558": "they have a coffee shop,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00067-00014558-00014733": "and it's a cute place to hang out.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00068-00014733-00014975": "So I'm actually meeting up with a girl from Instagram.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00069-00014975-00015169": "A lovely girl named Maggie.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00070-00015169-00015279": "I haven't met her yet,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00071-00015279-00015470": "but she moved here kind of like", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00072-00015470-00015632": "at the beginning of the pandemic,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00073-00015632-00015844": "and we've been talking about meeting up,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00074-00015844-00016012": "and now it's finally happening", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00075-00016012-00016266": "because we're fully vaccinated and stuff.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00076-00016266-00016518": "Even though I'm really not doing a whole lot,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00077-00016518-00016745": "like I was wearing my mask the entire time in there,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00078-00016745-00017044": "I'm just trying to be as careful as possible,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00079-00017044-00017271": "so I'm really limiting my going out,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00080-00017271-00017545": "but I will make sure to do it safely.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00081-00017545-00017730": "And yeah we're gonna meet up for the first time.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00082-00017730-00017967": "I'm not gonna shove a camera in her face, but...", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00083-00017967-00018082": "Oh my God.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00084-00018261-00018532": "Oh my God, it's the lady who wouldn't shut her door.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00085-00018532-00018726": "Are you kidding me?", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00086-00018726-00019106": "And she made me miss my turn.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00087-00019106-00019380": "There's a special place for you, my friend.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00088-00019380-00019593": "♪ Everybody is looking at me thinking that I'm different ♪", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00089-00019593-00019925": "♪ Everybody is looking at me thinking that I'm living ♪", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00090-00019925-00020279": "♪ I don't really care what they all say ♪", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00091-00020279-00020438": "- Good morning, happy Sunday.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00092-00020438-00020587": "It's a couple days later now.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00093-00020587-00020846": "Maggie and I had a great time on Friday,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00094-00020846-00021288": "and actually we ended up inviting her husband and Drew", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00095-00021288-00021470": "to come to my mom's pool,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00096-00021470-00021710": "and we swam at my mom's pool until probably like", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00097-00021710-00021912": "almost 11:00 or 10:00.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00098-00021912-00022052": "We were in the hot tub,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00099-00022052-00022175": "'cause we had been in the pool", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00100-00022175-00022297": "and it was getting kind of chilly", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00101-00022297-00022392": "even though it was 90 degrees outside,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00102-00022392-00022733": "and all of a sudden some thunder started happening.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00103-00022733-00023125": "And we were like it's okay, we'll keep an eye on it.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00104-00023125-00023223": "And then it just started", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00105-00023223-00023376": "torrentially down pouring out of nowhere.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00106-00023376-00023480": "(Roomba beeping)", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00107-00023480-00023668": "The Roomba is saying good morning.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00108-00023668-00023861": "And anyways, it was really fun.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00109-00023861-00023955": "And so then Drew and I", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00110-00023955-00024115": "ended up just taking one car home just because.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00111-00024115-00024615": "So now we're heading back to my mom's house to get his car.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00112-00024692-00024927": "We're taking my car to his car,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00113-00024927-00025121": "and while we're at it we're gonna stop,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00114-00025121-00025238": "maybe go to Trader Joe's,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00115-00025238-00025452": "maybe go to Whole Foods, we'll see.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00116-00025452-00025538": "We'll see what happens.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00117-00025538-00025882": "But come along on this exciting day.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00118-00025882-00025981": "- So exciting.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00119-00025981-00026201": "- All right, we're Starbucked up.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00120-00026201-00026336": "We're actually back in Drew's car,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00121-00026336-00026419": "we made it back.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00122-00026419-00026541": "We just chilled with my mom for a few minutes,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00123-00026541-00026875": "and now it is time to do the damn thing.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00124-00026875-00026977": "We're doing Whole Foods first,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00125-00026977-00027102": "Trader Joe's second.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00126-00027102-00027298": "We got our freezer bags ready to go", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00127-00027298-00027410": "'cause we have kind of a,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00128-00027410-00027558": "not a long journey home,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00129-00027558-00027683": "but, you know.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00130-00027683-00027767": "- [Drew] It's pretty long.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00131-00027767-00027963": "- It's better to keep them in a freezer bag.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00132-00027963-00028158": "So my mom gracefully gave us some.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00133-00028158-00028242": "Drew just burped.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00134-00028242-00028325": "- I'm sorry.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00135-00028325-00028463": "- Real life folks.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00136-00028463-00028702": "All right, we're going to our happy place.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00137-00028702-00029077": "♪ It's easier said than done ♪", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00138-00029220-00029473": "- We're going nuts looking at all of the drinks", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00139-00029473-00029623": "that everyone buys on Instagram", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00140-00029623-00029718": "or gets sponsored by.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00141-00029718-00029877": "So we're gonna test 'em out,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00142-00029877-00029980": "and see if we actually like them.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00143-00029980-00030108": "But some of these have caffeine", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00144-00030108-00030250": "so we need to do some research.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00145-00030250-00030676": "And you obviously know we have to get the goods.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00146-00030776-00030859": "Are these okay?", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00147-00030859-00030949": "Yes.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00148-00030949-00031259": "The golden kiwis, so much better than regular,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00149-00031259-00031374": "so much better.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00150-00031374-00031749": "I just got so happy because I found cookies", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00151-00031749-00031832": "that you can make.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00152-00031832-00032155": "And Milk Bar is a place that is by our old house in LA,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00153-00032155-00032332": "it was right next door to where we lived.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00154-00032332-00032479": "And we tired to make these in the past,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00155-00032479-00032612": "but we didn't have all the right ingredients,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00156-00032612-00032781": "so we're gonna have to try these.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00157-00032781-00032897": "All right, can somebody,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00158-00032897-00033133": "I know there's probably plenty of vegans that watch me,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00159-00033133-00033247": "can y'all let me know if this is good?", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00160-00033247-00033413": "Why does this freak me out,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00161-00033413-00033758": "but eating actual eggs doesn't?", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00162-00033758-00033877": "Please advise.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00163-00033877-00033968": "Is this good?", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00164-00033968-00034270": "It's, Drew is scared of it as well.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00165-00034270-00034353": "Whoopsies.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00166-00034452-00034624": "Next stop, Trade Joe's.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00167-00034624-00034897": "I would say it was a success.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00168-00034897-00035048": "We did good.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00169-00035048-00035175": "Okay, we're home, I'm gonna do", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00170-00035175-00035495": "a very, very quick Trader Joe's haul", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00171-00035495-00035783": "because this stuff needs to get in the freezer.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00172-00035783-00036073": "First, sweet potato gnocchi, really good.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00173-00036073-00036241": "We got some Ubbe Mochi.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00174-00036241-00036503": "It's like a sweet potato flavor, right, kind of.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00175-00036503-00036647": "(indistinct) sweet potato.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00176-00036647-00036857": "We got some chicken Tikka Masala.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00177-00036857-00037056": "I saw Cody Ko in one of", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00178-00037056-00037222": "his girlfriend Kelsey's vlogs eat this,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00179-00037222-00037390": "and he said it was good, so sure we'll try it.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00180-00037390-00037699": "Got some hash browns for breakfast, obviously.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00181-00037699-00037865": "Actually, these are still really frozen.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00182-00037865-00037948": "- [Drew] Nice.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00183-00037948-00038097": "- Yeah, they feel pretty good.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00184-00038097-00038205": "We got some Impossible burgers,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00185-00038205-00038460": "which they have at Trader Joe's now,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00186-00038460-00038565": "in case you were wondering.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00187-00038565-00038681": "We haven't gotten any from the store,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00188-00038681-00038846": "we've only had them in restaurants,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00189-00038846-00039059": "so that's exciting, we're gonna try that.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00190-00039059-00039261": "We also got some strawberry Mochi.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00191-00039261-00039438": "We're big Mochi fans here.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00192-00039438-00039641": "We actually got a lot of ice cream.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00193-00039641-00039958": "These, chocolate chip ice cream sandwiches", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00194-00039958-00040073": "are the best thing,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00195-00040073-00040156": "they're so good.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00196-00040156-00040240": "What?", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00197-00040240-00040628": "- [Drew] This paint I ordered a month ago", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00198-00040628-00040714": "and it got lost in the mail.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00199-00040714-00040797": "- Oh, now it's here?", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00200-00040797-00040940": "- [Drew] Now it's here.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00201-00040940-00041114": "- These are called hold the cone,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00202-00041114-00041441": "and they are little mini, almost Drumsticks.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00203-00041441-00041661": "I got the chocolate flavor last time,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00204-00041661-00041950": "but I got vanilla and chocolate chip this time.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00205-00041950-00042033": "Why not?", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00206-00042033-00042313": "We got some colorful carrot coins.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00207-00042313-00042450": "These just looked really good.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00208-00042450-00042576": "I love a roasted veggie moment", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00209-00042576-00042721": "so those will be good.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00210-00042721-00043113": "We got two of the black bean and cheese taquitos", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00211-00043113-00043196": "from Trader Joe's.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00212-00043196-00043317": "They had these for a while,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00213-00043317-00043475": "then they didn't have them for a while,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00214-00043475-00043700": "and I guess now they're back ish.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00215-00043700-00043941": "Yeah, this freezer bag did a really good job.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00216-00043941-00044058": "This stuff is still frozen solid,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00217-00044058-00044265": "and it's been like an hour.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00218-00044265-00044424": "All right, Drew's putting that stuff away.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00219-00044424-00044527": "Now we cold stuff.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00220-00044527-00044722": "I got more of this tangerine juice,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00221-00044722-00044879": "which thank you to those of you who told me", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00222-00044879-00045172": "this reacts with your ADHD medication", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00223-00045172-00045262": "if you take it with it.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00224-00045262-00045522": "I'll just drink this later in the day or something.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00225-00045522-00045606": "- [Drew] (indistinct)", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00226-00045606-00045806": "- Yeah, it reacts, like citrus something interacts", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00227-00045806-00046033": "with your medication.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00228-00046033-00046290": "Anyways, it's delicious and tangy.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00229-00046290-00046432": "We have two new dips.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00230-00046432-00046752": "We got the caramelized onion dip,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00231-00046752-00046845": "everyone said that's really good.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00232-00046845-00046945": "And the buffalo chicken dip,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00233-00046945-00047040": "which we've had before.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00234-00047040-00047219": "We couldn't remember if we liked it or not.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00235-00047219-00047374": "I think it's good.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00236-00047374-00047498": "We got it again.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00237-00047498-00047604": "- [Drew] We'll find out.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00238-00047604-00047765": "- Got some more oat milk.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00239-00047765-00048085": "Drew actually liked that so we're gonna stick with that.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00240-00048085-00048367": "And that's, I think, everything we got.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00241-00048367-00048548": "Oh no, wait, where's the orange.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00242-00048548-00048891": "We have some plantain chips", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00243-00048891-00049057": "that have dark chocolate drizzle on them.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00244-00049057-00049293": "Those sounded fricking delicious.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00245-00049293-00049584": "We got some garlic and cheese breadsticks.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00246-00049584-00049721": "These looked amazing.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00247-00049721-00049876": "Key lime tea cookies.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00248-00049876-00050069": "These are shortbread cookies with powdered sugar.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00249-00050069-00050170": "These looked really good.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00250-00050170-00050542": "My mom used to eat a similar cookie that was lemon,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00251-00050542-00050640": "so I'm excited to try those.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00252-00050640-00050892": "I also got some plantain croutons.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00253-00050892-00051119": "These are a very popular thing", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00254-00051119-00051304": "that I've been seeing on Instagram.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00255-00051304-00051436": "I think they're popular on Tik Tok as well,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00256-00051436-00051548": "so I'm gonna try those.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00257-00051548-00051765": "If you watch Tara Michelle's vlogs,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00258-00051765-00051880": "I feel like she always talks about", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00259-00051880-00052039": "these fig and olive crisps,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00260-00052039-00052189": "and I really want to try them", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00261-00052189-00052272": "so I got those.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00262-00052272-00052497": "We did find the chai concentrate.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00263-00052497-00052614": "I think they were just sold out of it", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00264-00052614-00052780": "the last time I was there. - [Drew] Sure, Jan.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00265-00052950-00053090": "- He's really good looking,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00266-00053090-00053367": "and he thinks I'm super cool.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00267-00053367-00053474": "- Sure, Jan.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00268-00053474-00053595": "- He likes these liquid ones", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00269-00053595-00053678": "better than the powders.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00270-00053678-00053941": "We got some of those for dirty chais.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00271-00053941-00054094": "We got some plumcots,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00272-00054094-00054288": "which is part plum, part apricot.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00273-00054288-00054559": "And they had apriums as well,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00274-00054559-00054926": "which were bigger percentage apricot,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00275-00054926-00055041": "and smaller (indistinct),", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00276-00055041-00055124": "I don't freaking know,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00277-00055124-00055207": "but we got those.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00278-00055207-00055326": "And we got some pita chips.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00279-00055326-00055508": "These are actually the reduced,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00280-00055508-00055757": "sorry, reduced guilt, which is stupid.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00281-00055757-00056067": "But we got these by accident last time,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00282-00056067-00056250": "and they were actually kind of good so we got more.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00283-00056250-00056594": "We got this magnisauce,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00284-00056594-00056739": "and it's a tangy,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00285-00056739-00056829": "it's like a secret sauce,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00286-00056829-00057013": "like the In-N-Out spread type of thing.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00287-00057013-00057213": "So we're gonna make some impossible burgers.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00288-00057213-00057444": "And then we also got,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00289-00057444-00057566": "this is like the one thing", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00290-00057566-00057661": "that I really wanted to get", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00291-00057661-00057763": "that I forgot last time.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00292-00057763-00057983": "And this is dill pickle mustard.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00293-00057983-00058095": "- [Drew] Dill pickle.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00294-00058095-00058314": "- That sounds so good.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00295-00058314-00058541": "And then we got five of these matcha,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00296-00058541-00058685": "these canned matchas that Drew drinks", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00297-00058685-00058964": "during the week at work.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00298-00058964-00059147": "So that's it for Trader Joe's.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00299-00059147-00059411": "And now on to Whole Foods.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00300-00059411-00059730": "The first thing, listen,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00301-00059730-00060155": "I know, I'm gonna say in advance I know this is weird,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00302-00060155-00060484": "it's me being influenced by influencer culture", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00303-00060484-00060567": "or what have you,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00304-00060567-00060731": "but this is water.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00305-00060731-00060940": "This is literally water.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00306-00060940-00061133": "It's called Liquid Death.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00307-00061133-00061238": "I've seen everyone talk about it.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00308-00061238-00061455": "I actually got a can of it when I was in LA last.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00309-00061455-00061624": "And- - [Drew] It tastes like water.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00310-00061624-00061747": "- It tastes like water.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00311-00061747-00061883": "It's in a can.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00312-00061998-00062167": "It's mountain water.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00313-00062167-00062322": "It says murder your thirst.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00314-00062322-00062479": "And they come in tall boy cans,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00315-00062479-00062562": "which I really like.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00316-00062562-00062766": "And it says death to plastic.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00317-00062766-00063009": "10% of the profit from every can sold", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00318-00063009-00063250": "is donated to help kill plastic pollution.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00319-00063250-00063422": "So I mean cool, canned water.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00320-00063422-00063607": "I just figured when you're on the go,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00321-00063607-00063825": "I don't know I have my Hydro flask at all times,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00322-00063825-00064067": "but I just wanted,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00323-00064067-00064231": "I just wanted it so I did, I got it.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00324-00064231-00064404": "Whatever.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00325-00064404-00064601": "We got some Hydro flask meat breakfast sausages.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00326-00064601-00064704": "We haven't tried these yet,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00327-00064704-00064798": "but they looked good.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00328-00064798-00064917": "We got some liquid IV.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00329-00064917-00065202": "I tried this when I was in Palm Springs.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00330-00065202-00065298": "Leah got me hooked on this.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00331-00065298-00065535": "She got me hooked on this and Perfect bars,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00332-00065535-00065646": "so we love her for that.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00333-00065646-00065765": "Speaking of Perfect bars,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00334-00065765-00065923": "I got my favorite flavor,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00335-00065923-00066006": "which is chocolate chip.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00336-00066006-00066292": "I keep those in the fridge at all times.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00337-00066292-00066452": "We got these Milk Bar cookies", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00338-00066452-00066618": "that we talked about. I cannot wait to make these.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00339-00066618-00066734": "I'm gonna have to make these today.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00340-00066734-00066924": "But these are the cornflake", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00341-00066924-00067070": "chocolate chip marshmallow cookies.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00342-00067070-00067316": "They're so freaking good. We tried to make them at home,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00343-00067316-00067482": "but you have to make a cornflake crunch,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00344-00067482-00067666": "it's almost like a brittle type of thing,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00345-00067666-00067887": "but I'm pretty sure they have the ingredients", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00346-00067887-00068032": "to do that in here,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00347-00068032-00068141": "so that's exciting.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00348-00068141-00068321": "We got some couscous, why not?", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00349-00068321-00068454": "A little side dish here and there.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00350-00068454-00068624": "Drew got some jerkies.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00351-00068624-00068764": "He got a turkey stick,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00352-00068764-00068885": "a lightly peppered turkey stick", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00353-00068885-00069010": "and a salmon jerky.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00354-00069010-00069168": "Salmon smoked maple strip.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00355-00069168-00069476": "So we'll see what those are like.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00356-00069476-00069885": "I also have two other flavors of Perfect bar.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00357-00069885-00070090": "We have a double chocolate,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00358-00070090-00070208": "double dark chocolate.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00359-00070208-00070291": "So that looks good.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00360-00070291-00070434": "And then we have a salted caramel.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00361-00070434-00070578": "Leah texted me about this,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00362-00070578-00070688": "and I was like okay, that's cool,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00363-00070688-00070784": "I have to try it now.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00364-00070784-00070918": "I've been seeing a lot of people", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00365-00070918-00071155": "talk about these Unreal candies.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00366-00071155-00071247": "I think it's less sugar,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00367-00071247-00071518": "but I just need to know what the deal is.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00368-00071518-00071752": "These are vegan and gluten free too,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00369-00071752-00071870": "so I just need to know.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00370-00071870-00071965": "I can't be left out.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00371-00071965-00072175": "So I will report back with how those are.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00372-00072175-00072488": "We have some mushroom jerky.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00373-00072488-00072676": "This was almost $9.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00374-00072884-00073090": "What the hell are we doing?", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00375-00073090-00073323": "I'm pretty sure these were on \"Shark Tank\"", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00376-00073323-00073435": "if I remember correctly,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00377-00073435-00073644": "and people say that they're good.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00378-00073644-00073859": "- [Drew] We both hate mushrooms.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00379-00073859-00073983": "- Yeah, we both hate mushrooms.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00380-00073983-00074170": "I don't know why we got it,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00381-00074170-00074267": "we just were curious.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00382-00074267-00074539": "We got some Japanese barbecue sauce,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00383-00074539-00074705": "which you said everyone talks about this.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00384-00074705-00074815": "- [Drew] I've seen it on Instagram a lot.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00385-00074815-00074969": "- Yeah, so we're gonna do that", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00386-00074969-00075061": "as maybe a marinade,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00387-00075061-00075247": "or with a stir fry or something.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00388-00075247-00075424": "We also got some local honey.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00389-00075424-00075594": "This is called Sonoran Desert honey.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00390-00075594-00075717": "It's made in Scottsdale.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00391-00075915-00076038": "We have a Cleo bar.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00392-00076038-00076131": "I tried one of these,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00393-00076131-00076346": "and it wasn't my super favorite.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00394-00076346-00076634": "I also just realized I got coconut instead of vanilla,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00395-00076634-00076717": "but that's okay.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00396-00076717-00076895": "But this one has a granola layer.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00397-00076895-00077201": "The one I had was just yogurt,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00398-00077201-00077313": "and it's very tangy.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00399-00077313-00077396": "It's like cheesecake,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00400-00077396-00077514": "but it's very, very tangy.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00401-00077514-00077729": "So I'm gonna try this one with granola layer.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00402-00077729-00077812": "So we'll see.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00403-00077812-00077991": "I'm not as averse to coconut as Drew is.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00404-00077991-00078212": "We got some probiotics.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00405-00078212-00078305": "- [Drew] Does that have to be refrigerated?", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00406-00078305-00078388": "- Yeah.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00407-00078388-00078696": "Drew got some cold brew, the chameleon organic cold brew", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00408-00078696-00078964": "just to make a quick dirty chai in the morning", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00409-00078964-00079049": "or an iced coffee.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00410-00079049-00079238": "We got the Health Ade Kombucha.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00411-00079238-00079442": "I feel like the people who drink kombucha,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00412-00079442-00079624": "I can't really have it 'cause I can't really have caffeine", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00413-00079624-00079840": "and there is an amount, a small amount of caffeine in this.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00414-00079840-00080009": "So I just have a couple sips.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00415-00080009-00080207": "But Health Ade seems to be the one", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00416-00080207-00080290": "that everyone talks about,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00417-00080290-00080414": "so he got watermelon.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00418-00080414-00080544": "I don't know if that's good or not.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00419-00080544-00080790": "And then we got some experimental sodas.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00420-00080790-00080986": "We were gonna get the Poppi,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00421-00080986-00081125": "and those are probiotic sodas,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00422-00081125-00081387": "but we decided to just stick with the Ollipop", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00423-00081387-00081687": "'cause I think this one has caffeine,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00424-00081687-00081880": "but I'm pretty sure these two don't.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00425-00081880-00082030": "So I'll have to double check,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00426-00082030-00082164": "but I got strawberry vanilla.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00427-00082164-00082399": "This has prebiotics, botanicals", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00428-00082399-00082533": "and plant fibers.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00429-00082533-00082793": "I don't know, people say they're really good,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00430-00082793-00082904": "and they're good for gut health.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00431-00082904-00083055": "We got some brioche buns for our hamburgers.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00432-00083055-00083310": "I got this very expensive salad dressing", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00433-00083310-00083540": "that is just the prettiest bottle I've ever seen.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00434-00083540-00083703": "So it lured me in.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00435-00083703-00083837": "This is acid league.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00436-00083837-00084034": "- [Drew] Acid league?", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00437-00084034-00084151": "- Acid league.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00438-00084252-00084699": "So it's pink peppercorn honey Yuzu vinegarette.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00439-00084699-00084984": "So we'll report back on that as usual.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00440-00084984-00085183": "We got spicy sriracha ranch salad kit.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00441-00085183-00085424": "We got some lentils", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00442-00085424-00085570": "and some golden kiwis.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00443-00085570-00085653": "And that's it.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00444-00085653-00085758": "This is not a typical,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00445-00085758-00086136": "when we place our grocery order every week", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00446-00086136-00086227": "or when we go grocery shopping,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00447-00086227-00086727": "things like deli meats, milk, eggs,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00448-00086746-00086913": "those norma things, this isn't that.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00449-00086913-00087066": "This is just us walking up and down the aisles of the store", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00450-00087066-00087160": "and having fun.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00451-00087160-00087306": "I feel like I need to clarify that", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00452-00087306-00087444": "'cause sometimes when I show grocery hauls", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00453-00087444-00087682": "people are like \"Where are your vegetables?\"", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00454-00087682-00087846": "It's 'cause we buy that separately.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00455-00087846-00088181": "Don't worry about it. - [Drew] We don't eat them.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00456-00088181-00088264": "- Just for funsie.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00457-00088264-00088528": "This is all just food that we got for fun.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00458-00088528-00088695": "So anyway, hope you enjoyed it.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00459-00088695-00088978": "I'm pretty sure this is gonna be it for the vlog.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00460-00088978-00089296": "I'm very sweaty, the fridge is yelling at me,", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00461-00089296-00089429": "and I wanna try a lot of this food.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00462-00089429-00089669": "So we will catch up with you guys in the next one.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00463-00089669-00089805": "Thanks so much for watching.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00464-00089805-00089888": "Bye.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00465-00089888-00089971": "- [Drew] Bye.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00466-00089971-00090054": "- [Carrie] Bye bye now.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00467-00090054-00090138": "- Bye.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00468-00090138-00090221": "- Bye", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00469-00090380-00090465": "bye.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00470-00090465-00090552": "Bye moon.", "4E3XY0z9YpY-00471-00090552-00090818": "(upbeat music)"}}, {"audio_id": "4EqhbwNOR68", "text": {"4EqhbwNOR68-00000-00000024-00000376": "ugh in peru i got sick", "4EqhbwNOR68-00001-00001000-00001600": "this is the most ridiculous thing i think i have ever done here trying to fill the gas", "4EqhbwNOR68-00002-00001600-00002384": "tank in bolivia the gas stations two turned me down and this really nice guy on a motorcycle", "4EqhbwNOR68-00003-00002448-00003320": "he bought me a thing to put gas in and he gave me copies of his id so that i can get 10 liters at a", "4EqhbwNOR68-00004-00003320-00003896": "time this way i don't know i'm kind of following him now so he's going to teach me how to uh fill", "4EqhbwNOR68-00005-00003896-00004744": "a gas tank oh man thank you so much robert oh man i can't believe that guy was so nice so", "4EqhbwNOR68-00006-00004744-00005096": "basically he showed me like the best way to siphon gas out of a container you know because", "4EqhbwNOR68-00007-00005096-00005480": "i said you go and he said no that's what everybody thinks but actually the best way", "4EqhbwNOR68-00008-00005536-00006256": "and you just cover up this entrance so no air can get out and blow and that starts the siphoning", "4EqhbwNOR68-00009-00006256-00007000": "process what a ridiculous process the advantage to that is then we get the local's price he said", "4EqhbwNOR68-00010-00007000-00007656": "just tell them oh my mechanic sent me to get some gas and you know give him his id so that is pretty", "4EqhbwNOR68-00011-00007656-00008256": "nice because it is half price compared to the foreign price heard about a third tank now from", "4EqhbwNOR68-00012-00008256-00008912": "a quarter tank so that's not gonna be a very quick way to fill the tank i guess that worked out to be", "4EqhbwNOR68-00013-00008992-00009536": "five dollars for two and a half gallons of gas at least i got more gas than i started", "4EqhbwNOR68-00014-00009536-00010288": "with today because you know emily's over there in the hospital she's got an iv medicine coming in", "4EqhbwNOR68-00015-00010384-00011120": "because of the sickness that started back in peru i went to kind of get a little surprise for her", "4EqhbwNOR68-00016-00011176-00011800": "don't tell her yet but i got her a new set of air pods she's going to", "4EqhbwNOR68-00017-00011800-00012280": "be stoked when we get back and we give this to her taking care of the animals for emily", "4EqhbwNOR68-00018-00012632-00012832": "i don't think we ever had a meet together like this", "4EqhbwNOR68-00019-00013016-00013656": "emily loves airpods but she's got two half-working sets one air bud works", "4EqhbwNOR68-00020-00013728-00015584": "so i think she's gonna be stoked hopefully makes her feel a bit better you're in the hospital", "4EqhbwNOR68-00021-00016456-00016984": "hey i got you something that's the eco-friendly wrapping", "4EqhbwNOR68-00022-00017840-00018384": "where did you finally use the story", "4EqhbwNOR68-00023-00018688-00019248": "thank you so much for those airplanes i can't believe you found those you're welcome babe", "4EqhbwNOR68-00024-00019248-00019816": "yeah i really really appreciate it okay crazy helps a little bit yeah for sure", "4EqhbwNOR68-00025-00019944-00020656": "way helps you want to tell the people what's going on yeah it's hard to say whenever you get sick", "4EqhbwNOR68-00026-00020760-00021488": "that you need help because you always just want to say this is a normal thing that just happened", "4EqhbwNOR68-00027-00021600-00022656": "so once a week i would get horrible stomach cramps and pain just horrible pain and not be able to", "4EqhbwNOR68-00028-00022832-00023736": "do anything except for cry in pain it was really rough but i thought it was an illness", "4EqhbwNOR68-00029-00023736-00024632": "that i've had before or traveler's sickness so i self-diagnosed and i self-prescribed", "4EqhbwNOR68-00030-00024632-00025296": "which is a terrible idea and then whenever it didn't get better still i thought because this", "4EqhbwNOR68-00031-00025296-00026183": "only happens once a week so i thought like i have five days where i'm normal so i get to", "4EqhbwNOR68-00032-00026183-00027176": "the day where i have the attack again and yep sick again so i just thought this is in my head i'm not", "4EqhbwNOR68-00033-00027176-00027768": "gonna be able to get over this and just felt like i didn't know what to do i thought it was stress", "4EqhbwNOR68-00034-00027768-00028704": "so but the next week i had no stress and still got sick so i finally decided to go to the doctor", "4EqhbwNOR68-00035-00028800-00029768": "and they did a blood test and in my blood test i tested positive first salmonella and having active", "4EqhbwNOR68-00036-00029824-00030480": "salmonella i guess like i'm actively sick with it after he we found out my diagnosis", "4EqhbwNOR68-00037-00030552-00031264": "he tested positive just for the antibodies so his he had already fought off salmonella i think that", "4EqhbwNOR68-00038-00031264-00031808": "with all of the activities we were doing i've really enjoyed every single one of them and i", "4EqhbwNOR68-00039-00031895-00032664": "really am grateful for the experiences but i think that i was constantly trying to keep going", "4EqhbwNOR68-00040-00032727-00033200": "and i never really i only gave myself that one day a week to try and get better and", "4EqhbwNOR68-00041-00033296-00034064": "it never really helped me get better last week i went to the clinic and got diagnosed and i", "4EqhbwNOR68-00042-00034064-00035032": "got all these prescriptions and and danny and i got a really nice campground spot and we thought", "4EqhbwNOR68-00043-00035032-00035800": "this is gonna be great we'll stay here for a week we'll relax and recover everything was", "4EqhbwNOR68-00044-00035800-00036304": "going great i thought i had completely gone over it because usually the day that i would be sick", "4EqhbwNOR68-00045-00036360-00037240": "i didn't get sick and last night i got really really sick just again with the horrible pain", "4EqhbwNOR68-00046-00037328-00037984": "and bloating and oh it's just it's just horrible i was awake at four o'clock in the morning", "4EqhbwNOR68-00047-00038080-00038880": "by eight o'clock i asked danny if you could talk to the doctor for me and and if we could head out", "4EqhbwNOR68-00048-00038880-00039592": "to the doctor to get some treatment for this because it was obvious that the salmonella or", "4EqhbwNOR68-00049-00039656-00040352": "something something is still going on the biggest part of this illness is not caught is not treated", "4EqhbwNOR68-00050-00040352-00041144": "i had another blood test and we're waiting on the results now but i've had like four or five", "4EqhbwNOR68-00051-00041144-00041928": "iv bags i'm not allowed to eat until tomorrow because along with the blood test we've also", "4EqhbwNOR68-00052-00042056-00042648": "have been in contact with the gastrointestinal doctor i really hope that", "4EqhbwNOR68-00053-00042728-00043600": "we have an answer i had to sleep here tonight and i only had breakfast so", "4EqhbwNOR68-00054-00043600-00044464": "crazy hungry but i never want to have that pain again so yeah bolivia has been", "4EqhbwNOR68-00055-00044464-00045216": "rough we literally have not done anything yeah we've been sick we've been unable to find gasoline", "4EqhbwNOR68-00056-00045304-00046144": "oh my gosh but even though my test showed i had salmonella had already kicked it um i was", "4EqhbwNOR68-00057-00046144-00046712": "super sick i was eating at markets and stuff you know emily's vegan so she wasn't eating out as", "4EqhbwNOR68-00058-00046712-00047488": "much and i must have had four different stomach bugs at the same time it was insane the strong", "4EqhbwNOR68-00059-00047488-00048072": "antibiotic for the stomach is called cipro that killed everything in my stomach i'm good again", "4EqhbwNOR68-00060-00048136-00048984": "but yeah emily's had this relapse and so got her set up here but uh yeah things are gonna", "4EqhbwNOR68-00061-00048984-00049672": "these are gonna be okay yeah we found some good doctors here in la paz which you cannot", "4EqhbwNOR68-00062-00049768-00050584": "underestimate how amazing that is that we found good doctors here in bolivia", "4EqhbwNOR68-00063-00050856-00051488": "it's honestly a little chilly in here but it feels good to have some nice big these", "4EqhbwNOR68-00064-00051488-00052288": "aren't even my socks so danny sucks thank you so much my toes are so cold", "4EqhbwNOR68-00065-00052896-00053672": "good morning i feel pretty good i slept very well i really hope that danny slept well because", "4EqhbwNOR68-00066-00053736-00054320": "the road that we're on is pretty loud so i have a feeling that", "4EqhbwNOR68-00067-00054432-00055055": "it was hard to sleep in the van out there um we're waiting until noon to talk to the", "4EqhbwNOR68-00068-00055184-00056184": "gastroenterologist doctor so still can't eat until noon which is really really hard i'm so hungry", "4EqhbwNOR68-00069-00056391-00057120": "but the nurse made me some nice tea so that's good there's a lot of sugar in it and it tastes nice", "4EqhbwNOR68-00070-00057191-00057976": "i'm still on an iv i'll hopefully figure this out today it seems inconclusive still but at least", "4EqhbwNOR68-00071-00057976-00058624": "this bed was comfy and it was nice and warm i'm excited to get back in the van and hang out with", "4EqhbwNOR68-00072-00058624-00059255": "my pets i didn't get to say goodbye to them before i left yesterday because i didn't know i would be", "4EqhbwNOR68-00073-00059391-00059528": "in here for so long", "4EqhbwNOR68-00074-00060024-00060800": "oh man so i talked we talked to the doctor and she prescribed a whole bunch of stuff we also talked", "4EqhbwNOR68-00075-00060800-00061448": "to danny's uncle who said yeah it does seem like a lot if her if what she thinks is wrong with me", "4EqhbwNOR68-00076-00061448-00062296": "is true then it's what i need to get better so i have another iv for two more hours and then i can", "4EqhbwNOR68-00077-00062360-00063008": "finally get out of here they also said that i can start eating again which is so nice i've just been", "4EqhbwNOR68-00078-00063008-00063736": "starving danny made me some oatmeal and he's going to bring me up some more food in a minute", "4EqhbwNOR68-00079-00063736-00064367": "she said i can only eat cooked food which is so rough because i really really enjoy smoothies", "4EqhbwNOR68-00080-00064367-00065104": "and just like carrots and apples and everything but for the next two weeks i can only have cooked", "4EqhbwNOR68-00081-00065104-00065984": "food you don't really realize how much you eat raw food until you're not allowed to have it", "4EqhbwNOR68-00082-00066112-00066744": "wow we're good to go yeah i felt like i was plugged into a wall now i'm like", "4EqhbwNOR68-00083-00066744-00068784": "free yeah free of the matrix so let's go see what the pets think they're gonna miss you", "4EqhbwNOR68-00084-00069848-00070936": "all right we're heading over to the pharmacy to get a bunch of medicines okay so this huge bag", "4EqhbwNOR68-00085-00071056-00071512": "is a hundred dollars worth it then we still need to buy two more things well", "4EqhbwNOR68-00086-00072544-00072984": "what do you got", "4EqhbwNOR68-00087-00073144-00074384": "countries", "4EqhbwNOR68-00088-00075216-00075840": "staying at home turn off the phone i will listen to you", "4EqhbwNOR68-00089-00076176-00076848": "you're laying the seats you hold on to me like i'm already gone", "4EqhbwNOR68-00090-00077152-00077816": "and whisper your words like secrets written in an old skin", "4EqhbwNOR68-00091-00078408-00078880": "even though emily's out of the hospital we got to come back every day so she", "4EqhbwNOR68-00092-00078880-00079488": "can get a shot of antibiotic well you know bolivia hasn't been easy but silver lining", "4EqhbwNOR68-00093-00079488-00079984": "there's a really good skate park on the way to the doctor so come check it out", "4EqhbwNOR68-00094-00081032-00081384": "dang they said no dogs allowed but check out this epic spot here", "4EqhbwNOR68-00095-00081784-00082784": "yeah i think this is my favorite skate park i've been to a long time", "4EqhbwNOR68-00096-00083960-00084528": "super cold here but danny made us a beautiful soup well you know we're not supposed to eat out really", "4EqhbwNOR68-00097-00084528-00085072": "we're supposed to fully cook everything for being food safe for a couple weeks", "4EqhbwNOR68-00098-00085072-00085472": "while the moon is on the meds you know we're already kind of looking forward to chile and we", "4EqhbwNOR68-00099-00085472-00085904": "went to the vet to get their papers kind of crazy that we haven't really done much in bolivia but", "4EqhbwNOR68-00100-00085904-00086536": "for good reason you know recuperating by a stroke of goodwill the vet told us about the biggest", "4EqhbwNOR68-00101-00086536-00087368": "party of the year here is today it's a parade of dancers they just declared it a unesco heritage", "4EqhbwNOR68-00102-00087368-00087936": "uh event right before the pandemic so this year's gonna be a big one because people have all this", "4EqhbwNOR68-00103-00087936-00088440": "pent up excitement about that we asked the friends here at the campground if they want to join us", "4EqhbwNOR68-00104-00088440-00088976": "they said sure thing a couple of french travelers on motorcycles it starts at seven o'clock in the", "4EqhbwNOR68-00105-00088976-00089760": "morning and ends way into the night and there's just amazing dancing and really cool costumes and", "4EqhbwNOR68-00106-00089760-00090280": "everything it really reminds me of new year's day in philadelphia so i'm so excited to go and check", "4EqhbwNOR68-00107-00090280-00090736": "it out the friends here they've already taken the route into town so they're going to kind of show", "4EqhbwNOR68-00108-00090736-00091304": "us that from the campground here we're staying which is a really nice little overland spot great", "4EqhbwNOR68-00109-00091304-00091920": "internet showers bathrooms and a perfect place for sombrita and graham to run around we let some vita", "4EqhbwNOR68-00110-00091920-00092480": "out for a couple hours this morning and the french motorcyclist love to play with her so that's", "4EqhbwNOR68-00111-00092480-00092904": "really nice really cool thing about la paz and i don't know if we mentioned before is that there", "4EqhbwNOR68-00112-00092904-00093536": "is a teleferico or a cable car that goes from one end to the city all the way up to the other one", "4EqhbwNOR68-00113-00093536-00094144": "because it's a huge valley that is really hard to get around by car and if you take a bus from", "4EqhbwNOR68-00114-00094144-00094736": "that far it would take forever so it's really cool that they set up this this kind of metro", "4EqhbwNOR68-00115-00094736-00095384": "that's completely different from any other city i've seen before yeah let's check it out", "4EqhbwNOR68-00116-00095640-00096784": "welcome to one of olivia's biggest events el grampoder 2022", "4EqhbwNOR68-00117-00097240-00098184": "so", "4EqhbwNOR68-00118-00099520-00099912": "we like checking out the parade but you have to pay for a seat to see it", "4EqhbwNOR68-00119-00099912-00100984": "luckily we found a free spot our next stop is the bolivian witches market", "4EqhbwNOR68-00120-00101112-00101416": "these are ingredients from the witches market that are burned", "4EqhbwNOR68-00121-00101416-00102384": "by bolivians to bless a new home or for good luck", "4EqhbwNOR68-00122-00104064-00104576": "dinner time and taking my last three pillows of the day and before i eat i", "4EqhbwNOR68-00123-00104576-00105216": "have to take a little while of something so yeah four medicines for the end of the day", "4EqhbwNOR68-00124-00105216-00105864": "i have to take a mom eating and for dinner tonight i made some soup with butternut squash quinoa", "4EqhbwNOR68-00125-00105864-00106632": "and cauliflower it's super tasty in about two hours i have to take a probiotic as well", "4EqhbwNOR68-00126-00106688-00107104": "so that my stomach doesn't get all messed up by just taking all these antibiotics", "4EqhbwNOR68-00127-00107104-00107744": "and also so the probiotics don't mess with the antibiotics i have a lot of rules these two weeks", "4EqhbwNOR68-00128-00107832-00108472": "bland food and a lot of medicines i also have to drink a ton of water all day long", "4EqhbwNOR68-00129-00108472-00109168": "antibiotics aren't very good for your kidneys so trying to drink a lot of water so that it helps", "4EqhbwNOR68-00130-00109168-00109824": "and i've just been generally more careful with all food because i don't know where obviously whenever", "4EqhbwNOR68-00131-00109824-00110424": "you get sick like this you don't know where you get the the illnesses from i don't eat street food", "4EqhbwNOR68-00132-00110424-00111040": "really because usually street food is just meat and i don't eat meat so like how did i get this", "4EqhbwNOR68-00133-00111176-00111864": "i mean so i just think it might have been me not cleaning something properly or like", "4EqhbwNOR68-00134-00111864-00112440": "peeling an orange and then you touched the skin of the orange and you didn't clean the skin and then", "4EqhbwNOR68-00135-00112440-00112808": "you touched the inside of the orange and popped it in your mouth you know that's like something", "4EqhbwNOR68-00136-00112808-00113488": "you wouldn't even think about but i guess that's how people get sick so it could have been anywhere", "4EqhbwNOR68-00137-00113552-00114344": "honestly the food safety is zero so here and in peru using a lot of hand sanitizer before", "4EqhbwNOR68-00138-00114408-00115120": "i put anything in my mouth yeah who knows but the reason i'm so sick is because i've waited too long", "4EqhbwNOR68-00139-00115568-00116000": "graham you got your tail on me", "4EqhbwNOR68-00140-00116152-00116840": "in the end i had h pylori which caused a stomach ulcer but i'm feeling better each day the", "4EqhbwNOR68-00141-00116840-00117400": "activities can wait but health does not thank you guys so much for watching if you like this video", "4EqhbwNOR68-00142-00117400-00118032": "let us know in the comments like and subscribe and also we have a patreon you can head over to", "4EqhbwNOR68-00143-00118032-00119183": "if you want to support us a little bit more see you guys next time", "4EqhbwNOR68-00144-00120504-00120511": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "4ErdV1VkVLy", "text": {"4ErdV1VkVLy-00000-00000000-00000200": "Kharkiv 03/04/22, The guys drive around the city - they collect abandoned animals. Saltovka. Cane Corso", "4ErdV1VkVLy-00001-00000200-00000871": "Saltovka - buses are driven out somewhere", "4ErdV1VkVLy-00002-00002024-00002224": "(beat) Fuck you", "4ErdV1VkVLy-00003-00002395-00002662": "NASTYA: are these block posts?", "4ErdV1VkVLy-00004-00002662-00003357": "SASHA: no, they were preparing to repair the heating main", "4ErdV1VkVLy-00005-00003444-00003632": "Another rescued child", "4ErdV1VkVLy-00006-00003632-00003869": "Tyson, (dog name) say hi to your parents", "4ErdV1VkVLy-00007-00003869-00004091": "say it's alright now"}}, {"audio_id": "4Etd8mYaLnM", "text": {"4Etd8mYaLnM-00000-00000016-00000514": "Your keynote at Agile India is sabotaging a transformation.", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00001-00000517-00000861": "The myriad of ways an organization inhibits transformation.", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00002-00000865-00001101": "What can people expect to take away from that?", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00003-00001104-00001494": "Well, I think if they're in the business of trying to get their organization", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00004-00001496-00001862": "to change, I think they're going to sort of understand some of the things I've run", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00005-00001864-00002182": "across and I think to be able to relate to them as well.", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00006-00002185-00002390": "So these are basically things I've run", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00007-00002392-00002846": "across in my consulting, where I've tried to make some radical", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00008-00002849-00003302": "changes, yet comes out of the woodwork, people who want to stop it from happening.", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00009-00003304-00003565": "It's threatening in some way or the other.", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00010-00003568-00003886": "So I'm going to talk about the various sources of these threats.", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00011-00003888-00004158": "Some of them are very active, some of the kind of passive.", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00012-00004160-00004326": "Some are just strictly organizational", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00013-00004329-00004666": "culture and a little bit of how I tend to mitigate these.", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00014-00004668-00004854": "You can never really get rid of them,", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00015-00004857-00005406": "but you can sort of handle them and still get your transformation and put in place.", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00016-00005408-00005782": "So it's basically things I've experienced in trying to make changes and some", "4Etd8mYaLnM-00017-00005784-00005936": "of the roadblocks have been thrown in front of me."}}, {"audio_id": "4E-yT2aZDLu", "text": {"4E-yT2aZDLu-00000-00000010-00000060": "SATURDAY AT 7:00 P.M. THEY'LL", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00001-00000060-00000066": "SATURDAY AT 7:00 P.M. THEY'LL", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00002-00000066-00000116": "SATURDAY AT 7:00 P.M. THEY'LL TAKE ON 10-1 OWATONNA. WINNER", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00003-00000116-00000123": "SATURDAY AT 7:00 P.M. THEY'LL TAKE ON 10-1 OWATONNA. WINNER", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00004-00000123-00000300": "SATURDAY AT 7:00 P.M. THEY'LL TAKE ON 10-1 OWATONNA. WINNER GOES TO THE PREP BOWL. >>>", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00005-00000300-00000306": "TAKE ON 10-1 OWATONNA. WINNER GOES TO THE PREP BOWL. >>>", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00006-00000306-00000490": "TAKE ON 10-1 OWATONNA. WINNER GOES TO THE PREP BOWL. >>>  PIERZ IN THE CLASS 3-A", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00007-00000490-00000497": "GOES TO THE PREP BOWL. >>>  PIERZ IN THE CLASS 3-A", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00008-00000497-00000567": "GOES TO THE PREP BOWL. >>>  PIERZ IN THE CLASS 3-A  QUARTERFINALS PLAYING PROCTOR A", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00009-00000567-00000573": "PIERZ IN THE CLASS 3-A  QUARTERFINALS PLAYING PROCTOR A", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00010-00000573-00000894": "PIERZ IN THE CLASS 3-A  QUARTERFINALS PLAYING PROCTOR A  BRAINERD ON SATURDAY. FIRST", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00011-00000894-00000900": "QUARTERFINALS PLAYING PROCTOR A  BRAINERD ON SATURDAY. FIRST", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00012-00000900-00000974": "QUARTERFINALS PLAYING PROCTOR A  BRAINERD ON SATURDAY. FIRST PIERZ DRIVE. IT'S REECE KAPSNER", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00013-00000974-00000980": "BRAINERD ON SATURDAY. FIRST PIERZ DRIVE. IT'S REECE KAPSNER", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00014-00000980-00001247": "BRAINERD ON SATURDAY. FIRST PIERZ DRIVE. IT'S REECE KAPSNER IN FOR THE PIONEERS SCORE. PIERZ", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00015-00001247-00001254": "PIERZ DRIVE. IT'S REECE KAPSNER IN FOR THE PIONEERS SCORE. PIERZ", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00016-00001254-00001484": "PIERZ DRIVE. IT'S REECE KAPSNER IN FOR THE PIONEERS SCORE. PIERZ JUMPS ON THE SCOREBOARD FIRST.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00017-00001484-00001491": "IN FOR THE PIONEERS SCORE. PIERZ JUMPS ON THE SCOREBOARD FIRST.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00018-00001491-00001788": "IN FOR THE PIONEERS SCORE. PIERZ JUMPS ON THE SCOREBOARD FIRST.  NEXT PIONEERS DRIVE IT'S KAPSNE.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00019-00001788-00001795": "JUMPS ON THE SCOREBOARD FIRST.  NEXT PIONEERS DRIVE IT'S KAPSNE.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00020-00001795-00002162": "JUMPS ON THE SCOREBOARD FIRST.  NEXT PIONEERS DRIVE IT'S KAPSNE. HITTING ALL SORTS OF BUTTONS.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00021-00002162-00002168": "NEXT PIONEERS DRIVE IT'S KAPSNE. HITTING ALL SORTS OF BUTTONS.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00022-00002168-00002232": "NEXT PIONEERS DRIVE IT'S KAPSNE. HITTING ALL SORTS OF BUTTONS. SIX MORE.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00023-00002232-00002238": "HITTING ALL SORTS OF BUTTONS. SIX MORE.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00024-00002238-00002909": "HITTING ALL SORTS OF BUTTONS. SIX MORE. EXTRA POINT MAKES IT A TWO-SCORE", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00025-00002909-00002916": "SIX MORE. EXTRA POINT MAKES IT A TWO-SCORE", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00026-00002916-00002946": "SIX MORE. EXTRA POINT MAKES IT A TWO-SCORE ADVANTAGE.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00027-00002946-00002952": "EXTRA POINT MAKES IT A TWO-SCORE ADVANTAGE.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00028-00002952-00003393": "EXTRA POINT MAKES IT A TWO-SCORE ADVANTAGE. GOES NOWHERE.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00029-00003393-00003400": "ADVANTAGE. GOES NOWHERE.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00030-00003400-00003583": "ADVANTAGE. GOES NOWHERE. BACK TO KASNER.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00031-00003583-00003590": "GOES NOWHERE. BACK TO KASNER.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00032-00003590-00003833": "GOES NOWHERE. BACK TO KASNER. THIS ONE IS TOO FAST FOR THE", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00033-00003833-00003840": "BACK TO KASNER. THIS ONE IS TOO FAST FOR THE", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00034-00003840-00003867": "BACK TO KASNER. THIS ONE IS TOO FAST FOR THE CAMERA.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00035-00003867-00003873": "THIS ONE IS TOO FAST FOR THE CAMERA.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00036-00003873-00004354": "THIS ONE IS TOO FAST FOR THE CAMERA. A DATE WITH THE END ZONE, ALL", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00037-00004354-00004361": "CAMERA. A DATE WITH THE END ZONE, ALL", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00038-00004361-00004484": "CAMERA. A DATE WITH THE END ZONE, ALL PIERZ, 42-13.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00039-00004484-00004491": "A DATE WITH THE END ZONE, ALL PIERZ, 42-13.", "4E-yT2aZDLu-00040-00004491-00004534": "A DATE WITH THE END ZONE, ALL PIERZ, 42-13. THEY HAVE JORDAN SATURDAY"}}, {"audio_id": "4EEng_vE6pQ", "text": {"4EEng_vE6pQ-00000-00000034-00000453": "\"ROME - beginning on June 4th 2011  HUNGER STRIKE\"", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00001-00000463-00000651": "DAY 83", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00002-00000655-00000888": "I'm a normal Italian citizen", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00003-00000892-00001171": "father of a family, that decided", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00004-00001183-00001685": "along with other citizens to come here and change the political system", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00005-00001691-00001993": "because there isn't a future for our kids a future for the young generation", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00006-00002014-00002466": "The whole productive part of Italy has been completely destroyed", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00007-00002475-00002932": "starting from agriculture, turism, health, justice", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00008-00002939-00003255": "so we decided in four days to start the hunger strike", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00009-00003262-00003560": "We decided to come here, in the Montecitorio square", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00010-00003577-00003894": "and we decided to follow with the Italian flag and the Italian constitution", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00011-00003909-00004222": "to follow the standard rules of our consitution", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00012-00004228-00004861": "where in the article #50 states that every citizen has the right to present a petition in case of necessity", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00013-00004875-00005088": "We've shown our petitions to the parlament", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00014-00005100-00005552": "We've shown clearly how much our class is paying", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00015-00005560-00006154": "and we've asked to reduce the salary of every polititian in the country", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00016-00006164-00006624": "(basically a reduction that won't be more than 3,000 euro each)", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00017-00006640-00007208": "to try and reduce the amount of polititians, to simplify our political system", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00018-00007221-00007705": "we've shown clearly that these savings could save between 70 billion euro", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00019-00007712-00008095": "to 105 billion euro, just on political savings", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00020-00008104-00008347": "The second petition that we presented", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00021-00008349-00008606": "requests to make a new electoral law", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00022-00008611-00009075": "that makes it possible for the citizen to elect his own candidate on a local level.", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00023-00009083-00009535": "The final thing we've asked was to elect a citizen's national committee to write town the reforms", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00024-00009541-00009918": "because the reforms should be written by us citizens and not by the political world.", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00025-00009934-00010507": "So we're here. After 30 days in Montecitorio continuing our hunger strike", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00026-00010515-00010928": "we've spoken to head of the cabinet of the House of Representatives", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00027-00010935-00011087": "dr. Alberto Sovia", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00028-00011094-00011333": "We've asked if we could speak to the House of Representatives", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00029-00011342-00012241": "and he told us that the only way of speaking to the House of Representatives was to have a party with us.", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00030-00012255-00012699": "At that point we told them that we're just normal citizens with an italian flag", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00031-00012706-00013115": "where our only members are our own employees", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00032-00013124-00013507": "we have the right to ask to take these measures", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00033-00013515-00013981": "and he told us to bring along 3 million people if we wanted to speak to the Representatives", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00034-00014023-00014459": "So we got out of the building and placed ourselves back here", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00035-00014468-00014855": "defending our rights day and night, today is the 83rd day", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00036-00014863-00015375": "At the moment I'm the only one that hasn't abandoned the hunger strike", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00037-00015386-00015695": "because others couldn't continue", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00038-00015705-00015908": "or had other kind of problems and so on", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00039-00015916-00016178": "but fortunately we have many other citizens here.", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00040-00016189-00016590": "After 83 days not a single deputy came here", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00041-00016594-00017115": "not even through human ethics to at least ask us how we were", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00042-00017120-00017423": "and that's why we're still fighting", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00043-00017431-00017696": "We have the national news blackout", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00044-00017701-00018046": "We're censured by all the State's TV channels even though we're paying the fees", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00045-00018055-00018607": "All the other TV channels censured us, even the less popular ones", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00046-00018614-00019277": "ALL the NEWS AND the TV STATIONS are hiding us going against law#21 of the italian constitution", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00047-00019289-00020004": "Law21 of the Italian constitution says that news should make statements of active citizens", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00048-00020015-00020362": "And these people have the arrogance to censure us all", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00049-00020374-00021013": "and the reason we found out was because it appears that I've become the #1 national danger", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00050-00021018-00021381": "basically a terrorist for the national security", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00051-00021385-00021659": "to the point that it's illegal to give out any kind of information", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00052-00021666-00021977": "Fortunately we're not worried because we have the Internet", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00053-00021989-00022420": "We have many people that became close to us", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00054-00022426-00023016": "Independent Radio stations and local radio stations that are talking about us", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00055-00023020-00023391": "Today we have more than 14 million views", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00056-00023398-00023670": "more than 300,000 citizens following us", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00057-00023677-00024177": "The hunger strike will go on untill the final date.", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00058-00024181-00024649": "and like Alberto Sovia asked us, we'll bring him millions of people in this square", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00059-00024655-00025018": "millions of people that won't be here to communicate with this political class anymore", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00060-00025025-00025367": "(a class that is full of untouchables, corrupted, mafia, a mansonry)", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00061-00025374-00025586": "but to shut out this political class", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00062-00025594-00025840": "because it's not worthy to take care of the administration of a country", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00063-00025844-00026082": "it's not worthy to represent us citizens.", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00064-00026089-00026462": "In Iceland the citizens got reunited all together", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00065-00026469-00026865": "and in 2 months they rebuilt the constitution and their government", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00066-00026870-00027160": "arresting the bankers and the polititians that stole from them.", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00067-00027170-00027416": "This will also happen in Italy,", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00068-00027421-00027861": "we will also arrest the polititians and the bankers", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00069-00027867-00028136": "and we will restore our activities.", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00070-00028158-00028472": "We'll bring back the power to the population", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00071-00028476-00028802": "We'll bring back the direct democracy of us citizens above all the institutions", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00072-00028806-00029047": "because THIS will start the second Republic", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00073-00029054-00029254": "And the date is the 21st.", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00074-00029259-00029477": "The 21st is the first day of the Fall", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00075-00029484-00029758": "The 21st of September we'll create a great birthday;", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00076-00029764-00030249": "the birthday of the Second Republic of Italy's birth", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00077-00030336-00030417": "Thank you.", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00078-00030421-00030496": "You're welcome", "4EEng_vE6pQ-00079-00030522-00031219": "\"I'M WITH GAETANO\""}}, {"audio_id": "4EHKNzUF3go", "text": {"4EHKNzUF3go-00000-00000003-00000750": "Hello everyone, am I live? I think I am, is this it, have I done it, have I done it", "4EHKNzUF3go-00001-00000982-00001182": "Am I a winner winner chicken dinner", "4EHKNzUF3go-00002-00001305-00001976": "Anyway, welcome to a thousand neo jumps in a row part two, this is actually", "4EHKNzUF3go-00003-00002374-00002643": "Because I have managed to", "4EHKNzUF3go-00004-00002718-00002918": "Do this before somehow.", "4EHKNzUF3go-00005-00003016-00003520": "I Always promised I would do a sequel to this and his here's that sequel.", "4EHKNzUF3go-00006-00003520-00003910": "I was actually streaming for a very long time just then", "4EHKNzUF3go-00007-00003910-00004374": "But I'm stupid and I didn't realize you actually had to press the go-live button", "4EHKNzUF3go-00008-00004710-00004796": "Bruh", "4EHKNzUF3go-00009-00004854-00005350": "not sure how I feel about this music. I might turn it off. Shut up Caleb, right? I've turned up the music now", "4EHKNzUF3go-00010-00005420-00005918": "I can't even get to like ten frequently", "4EHKNzUF3go-00011-00005982-00006358": "how am I gonna get to a thousand I have heard a", "4EHKNzUF3go-00012-00006495-00007136": "Thing where if you donate a pound every pound you donate sets me back", "4EHKNzUF3go-00013-00007186-00007508": "five jumps if I'm on an actual jump streak", "4EHKNzUF3go-00014-00007753-00008090": "But I wouldn't do it if I'm at the star look at that line to you", "4EHKNzUF3go-00015-00008172-00008732": "I'm gonna give myself a check point at level 500 by the way, just just actually", "4EHKNzUF3go-00016-00008806-00009290": "I'll just I'll put a check point there, but I might not have to use it. I", "4EHKNzUF3go-00017-00009400-00009704": "Was just looking through my channel thinking of", "4EHKNzUF3go-00018-00009772-00010256": "what have I done that I've always wanted to do again or do and", "4EHKNzUF3go-00019-00010339-00010757": "then I realized that I had never actually finished this and", "4EHKNzUF3go-00020-00010854-00011063": "The last time I did it was a couple years ago", "4EHKNzUF3go-00021-00011278-00011573": "You know what I'm just gonna stare the camera for a Binstead", "4EHKNzUF3go-00022-00011686-00011794": "maybe", "4EHKNzUF3go-00023-00011794-00012020": "that that's not helping and", "4EHKNzUF3go-00024-00012079-00012773": "I'm having to like really look with my peripherals right now. Should I put on music do you guys want music?", "4EHKNzUF3go-00025-00013240-00013440": "Okay this really", "4EHKNzUF3go-00026-00013510-00013702": "It's not fun", "4EHKNzUF3go-00027-00013702-00014049": "This really isn't fun. Why did I think of this idea in the first place?", "4EHKNzUF3go-00028-00014131-00014658": "Two years ago. I was like, oh my god. I should totally do a thousand neo jumps in the room", "4EHKNzUF3go-00029-00014658-00014880": "I wanna say I'll tell you why I", "4EHKNzUF3go-00030-00014932-00015572": "Wanted to do this again. It's because the actual video got like 60 views and that's like kinda high for this channel", "4EHKNzUF3go-00031-00015583-00015960": "So I decided you know sequels definitely wanted. Oh", "4EHKNzUF3go-00032-00016998-00017672": "My god, I'm insane. Okay not get my hopes up. I'm terrible I am", "4EHKNzUF3go-00033-00017833-00018158": "Really bad places at the neighbors", "4EHKNzUF3go-00034-00018544-00018744": "No", "4EHKNzUF3go-00035-00018892-00019092": "No", "4EHKNzUF3go-00036-00019204-00019427": "I'm just gonna walk over there", "4EHKNzUF3go-00037-00019896-00020330": "No, no, I'm gonna run a gym miss Barbara", "4EHKNzUF3go-00038-00020676-00020909": "Come in Barbara stop running away from me", "4EHKNzUF3go-00039-00022260-00022460": "Barbara you caused that", "4EHKNzUF3go-00040-00022678-00023237": "Okay, right Barbara you are ruining foolís it's all barbarous fault that I'm actually failing", "4EHKNzUF3go-00041-00023487-00023759": "All right, Barbara you're coming over here", "4EHKNzUF3go-00042-00023904-00024482": "All right. All right. Let me just get some glass Barbara one second", "4EHKNzUF3go-00043-00024684-00024884": "Barbara is enslaved", "4EHKNzUF3go-00044-00025912-00026112": "Perfect", "4EHKNzUF3go-00045-00026352-00026741": "Please kill me. My name is", "4EHKNzUF3go-00046-00026889-00027089": "Bob", "4EHKNzUF3go-00047-00027114-00027303": "Barbara", "4EHKNzUF3go-00048-00027303-00027503": "Barbara Barbara", "4EHKNzUF3go-00049-00027727-00027944": "We trapping sheep now indeed", "4EHKNzUF3go-00050-00028044-00028424": "Well, whack cow is next. All right, if I fail", "4EHKNzUF3go-00051-00028513-00028823": "When you're in my line of sight again, Barbara", "4EHKNzUF3go-00052-00028963-00029163": "Look dawn", "4EHKNzUF3go-00053-00029212-00029412": "The cat will be next", "4EHKNzUF3go-00054-00029775-00029975": "Horse", "4EHKNzUF3go-00055-00030055-00030416": "Look at the sign he made please kill me. My name is Barbara", "4EHKNzUF3go-00056-00030532-00030743": "At least the formal would then name?", "4EHKNzUF3go-00057-00030834-00031316": "Shut up. I'm getting pretty far. I know I'm gonna die. Oh for God's sake I", "4EHKNzUF3go-00058-00031491-00032054": "Don't know Kayla because I've just fallen all right. I don't know how many jumps I've done. Oh my god", "4EHKNzUF3go-00059-00032263-00032463": "Oh", "4EHKNzUF3go-00060-00032477-00032733": "One two three four five six seven eight", "4EHKNzUF3go-00061-00033356-00033648": "C3 c4 c5 6 6 6 m68", "4EHKNzUF3go-00062-00034063-00034263": "Okay, Brad", "4EHKNzUF3go-00063-00034568-00035076": "I'm the Satan of minecraft Kai's. My game keeps lagging. That's so weird", "4EHKNzUF3go-00064-00035156-00035356": "I'm getting so lucky right now", "4EHKNzUF3go-00065-00035422-00035910": "Where do I now have 61 glasses? Well, he's very strange", "4EHKNzUF3go-00066-00036113-00036313": "Back on music. I don't care", "4EHKNzUF3go-00067-00036416-00036602": "unbelievable", "4EHKNzUF3go-00068-00036602-00036802": "I'm such a rebel", "4EHKNzUF3go-00069-00037268-00037794": "Alright, you know what gone no, I love it", "4EHKNzUF3go-00070-00038075-00038403": "And if I fall on the right side I can't even get to it", "4EHKNzUF3go-00071-00038828-00039075": "Some believe I've just done that to myself but you know, it's fine", "4EHKNzUF3go-00072-00040047-00040247": "Oh", "4EHKNzUF3go-00073-00040654-00041177": "No, give me my glass back a hella bummer no, I", "4EHKNzUF3go-00074-00041671-00042447": "Um cute Barbara Barbara is now cute Barbara", "4EHKNzUF3go-00075-00042781-00043044": "Barbara said that about herself. I'm not writing that I", "4EHKNzUF3go-00076-00043240-00043745": "Hope you fail I just failed. What do you mean? You're not very good at litter?", "4EHKNzUF3go-00077-00044032-00044561": "360 oh, oh, oh. Oh", "4EHKNzUF3go-00078-00045220-00045495": "And we don't call Ashley autistic, all right, I", "4EHKNzUF3go-00079-00046030-00046749": "Really just hit something right now, but I know if I do it anything would break", "4EHKNzUF3go-00080-00047515-00047715": "Its fire-pot champ", "4EHKNzUF3go-00081-00048265-00048465": "Oh", "4EHKNzUF3go-00082-00048478-00048726": "No, I this is really not fun, I", "4EHKNzUF3go-00083-00048871-00049071": "am growing", "4EHKNzUF3go-00084-00049144-00049344": "And strength ah", "4EHKNzUF3go-00085-00049888-00050676": "Oh my god why I've only been streaming for 40 minutes", "4EHKNzUF3go-00086-00051812-00052315": "Bravo I am setting you free come out Barbara", "4EHKNzUF3go-00087-00052598-00053161": "Go away go away and never come back. I'm on my sign back though", "4EHKNzUF3go-00088-00053747-00054216": "We say 47 48 49 50, so you're telling me this is the 50th jump", "4EHKNzUF3go-00089-00055417-00056103": "20 oh my god. No what?", "4EHKNzUF3go-00090-00056530-00056932": "I'm sorry. I had to I'm going on hypixel. I don't care"}}, {"audio_id": "4FjCxFXbxBc", "text": {"4FjCxFXbxBc-00000-00000010-00000350": "BAIL SET AT $50,000 WITHOUT", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00001-00000350-00000357": "BAIL SET AT $50,000 WITHOUT", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00002-00000357-00000393": "BAIL SET AT $50,000 WITHOUT  CONDITION.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00003-00000393-00000400": "BAIL SET AT $50,000 WITHOUT  CONDITION.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00004-00000400-00000540": "BAIL SET AT $50,000 WITHOUT  CONDITION. >>> LIBRARY CAN TURN INTO A SAFE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00005-00000540-00000547": "CONDITION. >>> LIBRARY CAN TURN INTO A SAFE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00006-00000547-00000797": "CONDITION. >>> LIBRARY CAN TURN INTO A SAFE PLACE FOR PEOPLE IN NEED.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00007-00000797-00000804": ">>> LIBRARY CAN TURN INTO A SAFE PLACE FOR PEOPLE IN NEED.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00008-00000804-00001381": ">>> LIBRARY CAN TURN INTO A SAFE PLACE FOR PEOPLE IN NEED. HOW THE EXERCISES AN OPEN DOOR", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00009-00001381-00001388": "PLACE FOR PEOPLE IN NEED. HOW THE EXERCISES AN OPEN DOOR", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00010-00001388-00001688": "PLACE FOR PEOPLE IN NEED. HOW THE EXERCISES AN OPEN DOOR  POLICY.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00011-00001688-00001695": "HOW THE EXERCISES AN OPEN DOOR  POLICY.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00012-00001695-00001838": "HOW THE EXERCISES AN OPEN DOOR  POLICY. >> WE'VE HEARD NEVER JUDGE A", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00013-00001838-00001845": "POLICY. >> WE'VE HEARD NEVER JUDGE A", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00014-00001845-00001941": "POLICY. >> WE'VE HEARD NEVER JUDGE A  BOOK BY ITS COVER.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00015-00001941-00001948": ">> WE'VE HEARD NEVER JUDGE A  BOOK BY ITS COVER.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00016-00001948-00002178": ">> WE'VE HEARD NEVER JUDGE A  BOOK BY ITS COVER.  >> I COME EVERY DAY BECAUSE I'M", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00017-00002178-00002185": "BOOK BY ITS COVER.  >> I COME EVERY DAY BECAUSE I'M", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00018-00002185-00002225": "BOOK BY ITS COVER.  >> I COME EVERY DAY BECAUSE I'M  HOMELESS.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00019-00002225-00002232": ">> I COME EVERY DAY BECAUSE I'M  HOMELESS.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00020-00002232-00002402": ">> I COME EVERY DAY BECAUSE I'M  HOMELESS. I DON'T HAVE NOWHERE ELSE TO GO.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00021-00002402-00002409": "HOMELESS. I DON'T HAVE NOWHERE ELSE TO GO.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00022-00002409-00002639": "HOMELESS. I DON'T HAVE NOWHERE ELSE TO GO. >> ROGER JACKSON USED THE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00023-00002639-00002645": "I DON'T HAVE NOWHERE ELSE TO GO. >> ROGER JACKSON USED THE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00024-00002645-00002829": "I DON'T HAVE NOWHERE ELSE TO GO. >> ROGER JACKSON USED THE  LIBRARY AS SOMEWHAT OF A", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00025-00002829-00002836": ">> ROGER JACKSON USED THE  LIBRARY AS SOMEWHAT OF A", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00026-00002836-00002869": ">> ROGER JACKSON USED THE  LIBRARY AS SOMEWHAT OF A  SHELTER.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00027-00002869-00002876": "LIBRARY AS SOMEWHAT OF A  SHELTER.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00028-00002876-00003036": "LIBRARY AS SOMEWHAT OF A  SHELTER. HE TOLD ME HE WAS THROWN OUT OF", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00029-00003036-00003043": "SHELTER. HE TOLD ME HE WAS THROWN OUT OF", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00030-00003043-00003269": "SHELTER. HE TOLD ME HE WAS THROWN OUT OF  A BAR, BUT HE BELIEVES IT'S", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00031-00003269-00003276": "HE TOLD ME HE WAS THROWN OUT OF  A BAR, BUT HE BELIEVES IT'S", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00032-00003276-00003346": "HE TOLD ME HE WAS THROWN OUT OF  A BAR, BUT HE BELIEVES IT'S  BECAUSE HE'S HOMELESS.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00033-00003346-00003353": "A BAR, BUT HE BELIEVES IT'S  BECAUSE HE'S HOMELESS.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00034-00003353-00003513": "A BAR, BUT HE BELIEVES IT'S  BECAUSE HE'S HOMELESS.  >> JUST COMING HERE TO KEEP", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00035-00003513-00003520": "BECAUSE HE'S HOMELESS.  >> JUST COMING HERE TO KEEP", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00036-00003520-00003546": "BECAUSE HE'S HOMELESS.  >> JUST COMING HERE TO KEEP  WARM.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00037-00003546-00003553": ">> JUST COMING HERE TO KEEP  WARM.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00038-00003553-00003626": ">> JUST COMING HERE TO KEEP  WARM. YOU KNOW?", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00039-00003626-00003633": "WARM. YOU KNOW?", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00040-00003633-00003977": "WARM. YOU KNOW? AND READ BOOKS AND COMPUTER AND", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00041-00003977-00003983": "YOU KNOW? AND READ BOOKS AND COMPUTER AND", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00042-00003983-00004007": "YOU KNOW? AND READ BOOKS AND COMPUTER AND  STUFF.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00043-00004007-00004014": "AND READ BOOKS AND COMPUTER AND  STUFF.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00044-00004014-00004107": "AND READ BOOKS AND COMPUTER AND  STUFF. EVERYBODY HAS BEEN RESPECTFUL.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00045-00004107-00004114": "STUFF. EVERYBODY HAS BEEN RESPECTFUL.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00046-00004114-00004324": "STUFF. EVERYBODY HAS BEEN RESPECTFUL.  >> ACCORDING TO THE BRANCH", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00047-00004324-00004330": "EVERYBODY HAS BEEN RESPECTFUL.  >> ACCORDING TO THE BRANCH", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00048-00004330-00004517": "EVERYBODY HAS BEEN RESPECTFUL.  >> ACCORDING TO THE BRANCH  MANAGER, THE LIBRARY IS A SAFE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00049-00004517-00004524": ">> ACCORDING TO THE BRANCH  MANAGER, THE LIBRARY IS A SAFE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00050-00004524-00004674": ">> ACCORDING TO THE BRANCH  MANAGER, THE LIBRARY IS A SAFE  PLACE AND OPEN TO ANYONE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00051-00004674-00004681": "MANAGER, THE LIBRARY IS A SAFE  PLACE AND OPEN TO ANYONE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00052-00004681-00004974": "MANAGER, THE LIBRARY IS A SAFE  PLACE AND OPEN TO ANYONE  REGARDLESS IF THEY'RE HOMELESS", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00053-00004974-00004981": "PLACE AND OPEN TO ANYONE  REGARDLESS IF THEY'RE HOMELESS", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00054-00004981-00005371": "PLACE AND OPEN TO ANYONE  REGARDLESS IF THEY'RE HOMELESS  OR NOT.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00055-00005371-00005378": "REGARDLESS IF THEY'RE HOMELESS  OR NOT.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00056-00005378-00005445": "REGARDLESS IF THEY'RE HOMELESS  OR NOT.  >> WE HAVE YOUNG PEOPLE THAT", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00057-00005445-00005452": "OR NOT.  >> WE HAVE YOUNG PEOPLE THAT", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00058-00005452-00005522": "OR NOT.  >> WE HAVE YOUNG PEOPLE THAT  WILL COME IN AND THERE ARE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00059-00005522-00005528": ">> WE HAVE YOUNG PEOPLE THAT  WILL COME IN AND THERE ARE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00060-00005528-00005835": ">> WE HAVE YOUNG PEOPLE THAT  WILL COME IN AND THERE ARE  PEOPLE OF ALL AGES THAT DON'T", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00061-00005835-00005842": "WILL COME IN AND THERE ARE  PEOPLE OF ALL AGES THAT DON'T", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00062-00005842-00006529": "WILL COME IN AND THERE ARE  PEOPLE OF ALL AGES THAT DON'T  HAVE HOMES AND THEY'RE WELCOME", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00063-00006529-00006536": "PEOPLE OF ALL AGES THAT DON'T  HAVE HOMES AND THEY'RE WELCOME", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00064-00006536-00006840": "PEOPLE OF ALL AGES THAT DON'T  HAVE HOMES AND THEY'RE WELCOME  HERE.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00065-00006840-00006846": "HAVE HOMES AND THEY'RE WELCOME  HERE.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00066-00006846-00007874": "HAVE HOMES AND THEY'RE WELCOME  HERE. >> THERE IS SO MUCH TO DO IN THE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00067-00007874-00007881": "HERE. >> THERE IS SO MUCH TO DO IN THE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00068-00007881-00008001": "HERE. >> THERE IS SO MUCH TO DO IN THE LIBRARY.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00069-00008001-00008007": ">> THERE IS SO MUCH TO DO IN THE LIBRARY.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00070-00008007-00008208": ">> THERE IS SO MUCH TO DO IN THE LIBRARY. >> SOME OTHER SHELTERS HAVE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00071-00008208-00008214": "LIBRARY. >> SOME OTHER SHELTERS HAVE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00072-00008214-00008401": "LIBRARY. >> SOME OTHER SHELTERS HAVE  RULES, OR THEY HAVE DIFFERENT", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00073-00008401-00008408": ">> SOME OTHER SHELTERS HAVE  RULES, OR THEY HAVE DIFFERENT", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00074-00008408-00008568": ">> SOME OTHER SHELTERS HAVE  RULES, OR THEY HAVE DIFFERENT  HOURS AND THEY'RE NOT AVAILABLE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00075-00008568-00008575": "RULES, OR THEY HAVE DIFFERENT  HOURS AND THEY'RE NOT AVAILABLE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00076-00008575-00008718": "RULES, OR THEY HAVE DIFFERENT  HOURS AND THEY'RE NOT AVAILABLE  DURING THAT TIME.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00077-00008718-00008725": "HOURS AND THEY'RE NOT AVAILABLE  DURING THAT TIME.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00078-00008725-00008895": "HOURS AND THEY'RE NOT AVAILABLE  DURING THAT TIME. BECAUSE OF CHOICES THEY'VE MADE.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00079-00008895-00008902": "DURING THAT TIME. BECAUSE OF CHOICES THEY'VE MADE.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00080-00008902-00009145": "DURING THAT TIME. BECAUSE OF CHOICES THEY'VE MADE. THEY'RE NOT ABLE TO GO TO THOSE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00081-00009145-00009152": "BECAUSE OF CHOICES THEY'VE MADE. THEY'RE NOT ABLE TO GO TO THOSE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00082-00009152-00009192": "BECAUSE OF CHOICES THEY'VE MADE. THEY'RE NOT ABLE TO GO TO THOSE  FACILITIES.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00083-00009192-00009199": "THEY'RE NOT ABLE TO GO TO THOSE  FACILITIES.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00084-00009199-00009522": "THEY'RE NOT ABLE TO GO TO THOSE  FACILITIES. SO REALLY THE LAST RESORT IS A", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00085-00009522-00009529": "FACILITIES. SO REALLY THE LAST RESORT IS A", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00086-00009529-00009679": "FACILITIES. SO REALLY THE LAST RESORT IS A  PLACE LIKE THE LIBRARY.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00087-00009679-00009686": "SO REALLY THE LAST RESORT IS A  PLACE LIKE THE LIBRARY.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00088-00009686-00010023": "SO REALLY THE LAST RESORT IS A  PLACE LIKE THE LIBRARY.  >> HE SAYS ISSUES LIKE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00089-00010023-00010030": "PLACE LIKE THE LIBRARY.  >> HE SAYS ISSUES LIKE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00090-00010030-00010243": "PLACE LIKE THE LIBRARY.  >> HE SAYS ISSUES LIKE  INTOXICATION OR SOMEONE SLEEPING", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00091-00010243-00010250": ">> HE SAYS ISSUES LIKE  INTOXICATION OR SOMEONE SLEEPING", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00092-00010250-00010407": ">> HE SAYS ISSUES LIKE  INTOXICATION OR SOMEONE SLEEPING OUTSIDE VIOLATES RULES, BUT IT'S", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00093-00010407-00010413": "INTOXICATION OR SOMEONE SLEEPING OUTSIDE VIOLATES RULES, BUT IT'S", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00094-00010413-00010600": "INTOXICATION OR SOMEONE SLEEPING OUTSIDE VIOLATES RULES, BUT IT'S NOT CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00095-00010600-00010607": "OUTSIDE VIOLATES RULES, BUT IT'S NOT CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00096-00010607-00010794": "OUTSIDE VIOLATES RULES, BUT IT'S NOT CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR.  >> IT'S COMFORTABLE AND WARM.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00097-00010794-00010800": "NOT CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR.  >> IT'S COMFORTABLE AND WARM.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00098-00010800-00010914": "NOT CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR.  >> IT'S COMFORTABLE AND WARM. AND HAS GOT WI-FI.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00099-00010914-00010920": ">> IT'S COMFORTABLE AND WARM. AND HAS GOT WI-FI.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00100-00010920-00011000": ">> IT'S COMFORTABLE AND WARM. AND HAS GOT WI-FI. AND IT'S PUBLIC.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00101-00011000-00011007": "AND HAS GOT WI-FI. AND IT'S PUBLIC.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00102-00011007-00011184": "AND HAS GOT WI-FI. AND IT'S PUBLIC. THEY HAVE ABILITY TO GO THERE.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00103-00011184-00011191": "AND IT'S PUBLIC. THEY HAVE ABILITY TO GO THERE.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00104-00011191-00011294": "AND IT'S PUBLIC. THEY HAVE ABILITY TO GO THERE. YOU KNOW, AND THEY NEED TO", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00105-00011294-00011301": "THEY HAVE ABILITY TO GO THERE. YOU KNOW, AND THEY NEED TO", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00106-00011301-00011398": "THEY HAVE ABILITY TO GO THERE. YOU KNOW, AND THEY NEED TO  FOLLOW RULES OF THE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00107-00011398-00011404": "YOU KNOW, AND THEY NEED TO  FOLLOW RULES OF THE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00108-00011404-00011448": "YOU KNOW, AND THEY NEED TO  FOLLOW RULES OF THE  ESTABLISHMENT.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00109-00011448-00011454": "FOLLOW RULES OF THE  ESTABLISHMENT.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00110-00011454-00011541": "FOLLOW RULES OF THE  ESTABLISHMENT. AND THAT IS WHERE THEY'RE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00111-00011541-00011548": "ESTABLISHMENT. AND THAT IS WHERE THEY'RE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00112-00011548-00011941": "ESTABLISHMENT. AND THAT IS WHERE THEY'RE  RUNNING INTO ISSUES.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00113-00011941-00011948": "AND THAT IS WHERE THEY'RE  RUNNING INTO ISSUES.", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00114-00011948-00012062": "AND THAT IS WHERE THEY'RE  RUNNING INTO ISSUES.  >>> ANYONE NOT FOLLOWING RULES", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00115-00012062-00012068": "RUNNING INTO ISSUES.  >>> ANYONE NOT FOLLOWING RULES", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00116-00012068-00012238": "RUNNING INTO ISSUES.  >>> ANYONE NOT FOLLOWING RULES  THAT ARE POSTED THROUGHOUT THE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00117-00012238-00012245": ">>> ANYONE NOT FOLLOWING RULES  THAT ARE POSTED THROUGHOUT THE", "4FjCxFXbxBc-00118-00012245-00012312": ">>> ANYONE NOT FOLLOWING RULES  THAT ARE POSTED THROUGHOUT THE  LIBRARY MAY BE ASKED TO LEAVE OR"}}, {"audio_id": "4FyW52mP4Au", "text": {"4FyW52mP4Au-00000-00000000-00000416": "For this video, I’m using jshell,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00001-00000416-00000616": "which is a utility that comes", "4FyW52mP4Au-00002-00000616-00000816": "with the JDK from version", "4FyW52mP4Au-00003-00000816-00000938": "nine onwards.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00004-00000938-00001138": "It’s very handy for letting you", "4FyW52mP4Au-00005-00001138-00001304": "test out Java constructs", "4FyW52mP4Au-00006-00001304-00001602": "without having to write an entire program.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00007-00001602-00001892": "For example, I can create an", "4FyW52mP4Au-00008-00001892-00002117": "integer variable n", "4FyW52mP4Au-00009-00002117-00002289": "and assign it the value", "4FyW52mP4Au-00010-00002289-00002554": "three plus four times five,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00011-00002754-00002989": "and I’ll get the result of 23.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00012-00003189-00003415": "Let’s see what happens if I take", "4FyW52mP4Au-00013-00003415-00003615": "n and assign it the value", "4FyW52mP4Au-00014-00003615-00003909": "23 divided by 4.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00015-00004049-00004193": "That’s interesting.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00016-00004193-00004525": "I get 5 instead of  5.75.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00017-00004569-00004765": "That’s because integers", "4FyW52mP4Au-00018-00004765-00005214": "divided by integers always produce integer results.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00019-00005234-00005477": "Let’s try something different.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00020-00005477-00005761": "let’s assign the result to a double variable;", "4FyW52mP4Au-00021-00005761-00005961": "that should fix it.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00022-00005961-00006161": "We’ll set double d", "4FyW52mP4Au-00023-00006161-00006501": "to become 23 divided by 4.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00024-00006564-00006889": "Alas, no, that doesn’t work either.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00025-00006889-00007034": "Why?", "4FyW52mP4Au-00026-00007034-00007234": "Because the right hand side of", "4FyW52mP4Au-00027-00007234-00007434": "the equal sign is evaluated", "4FyW52mP4Au-00028-00007434-00007697": "before we even look at the left hand side,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00029-00007697-00008038": "and the right hand side is an integer division,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00030-00008038-00008238": "which gets a 5 as a result,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00031-00008241-00008668": "which is then converted to a double 5.0.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00032-00008744-00009101": "One solution is to make either of the operands", "4FyW52mP4Au-00033-00009101-00009389": "a double by adding a decimal point.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00034-00009389-00009656": "For example,  d becomes", "4FyW52mP4Au-00035-00009656-00009966": "23.0 divided by 4.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00036-00009966-00010561": "Or, d becomes 23 divided by 4.0.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00037-00010761-00011152": "When you do arithmetic operations with a double and an integer,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00038-00011152-00011426": "the integer is promoted to a double,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00039-00011426-00011626": "and the result is a double.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00040-00011778-00012089": "What happens if you try to go the other direction?", "4FyW52mP4Au-00041-00012089-00012578": "If I say integer n becomes 23.0", "4FyW52mP4Au-00042-00012578-00012844": "divided by 4.0,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00043-00012844-00013234": "Java doesn’t let you do this conversion", "4FyW52mP4Au-00044-00013234-00013434": "because it loses information.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00045-00013554-00013847": "OK, great. But what happens if you really,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00046-00013847-00014136": "really want to convert a double to an integer?", "4FyW52mP4Au-00047-00014136-00014432": "Or if you have a program like this:", "4FyW52mP4Au-00048-00014632-00014886": "Here, we ask for a number of items sold", "4FyW52mP4Au-00049-00014886-00015086": "and the number of customers we had.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00050-00015086-00015286": "Both of them are integers --", "4FyW52mP4Au-00051-00015286-00015641": "you can’t sell half a bicycle to half a person.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00052-00015880-00016163": "But here in line 19,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00053-00016163-00016584": "we have our problem of dividing integers by integers.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00054-00016784-00017056": "Let’s  run the program...", "4FyW52mP4Au-00055-00017097-00017349": "and say that we sold", "4FyW52mP4Au-00056-00017349-00017865": "43 items..to four people.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00057-00018065-00018369": "And we get 10.0, instead of the result", "4FyW52mP4Au-00058-00018369-00018758": "that we really want, which is 10.75.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00059-00018844-00019156": "We can’t add the decimal point to the variable name;", "4FyW52mP4Au-00060-00019156-00019440": "such as totalitems.0 --", "4FyW52mP4Au-00061-00019440-00019640": "that just won’t work at all.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00062-00019640-00019840": "So what can we do?", "4FyW52mP4Au-00063-00019956-00020324": "The answer is something called a cast.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00064-00020324-00020592": "Think of it in the same sense as", "4FyW52mP4Au-00065-00020592-00020792": "casting a metal into a mold", "4FyW52mP4Au-00066-00020792-00020992": "to change its shape.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00067-00021192-00021442": "To do a cast in Java,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00068-00021442-00021642": "you precede the variable name", "4FyW52mP4Au-00069-00021642-00021913": "with the data type that you want it to have.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00070-00021913-00022304": "We want to promote totalItems to be a double...", "4FyW52mP4Au-00071-00022304-00022784": "and then put that data type name in parentheses.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00072-00022874-00023208": "We also want to promote the number of customers", "4FyW52mP4Au-00073-00023208-00023326": "to be a double.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00074-00023374-00023716": "Now we have a double divided by a double,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00075-00023716-00023916": "which will give us a double result.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00076-00024116-00024333": "Let’s compile...", "4FyW52mP4Au-00077-00024533-00024801": "and let’s run it.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00078-00024805-00025054": "When we have 43 items", "4FyW52mP4Au-00079-00025054-00025254": "with four customers,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00080-00025254-00025625": "now we get an average with a decimal in it.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00081-00025825-00026088": "This also gives us the solution", "4FyW52mP4Au-00082-00026088-00026386": "to forcing conversion to a lesser data type.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00083-00026439-00026673": "When we tried int n", "4FyW52mP4Au-00084-00026673-00026873": "becomes 23.0 divided by", "4FyW52mP4Au-00085-00026873-00027073": "4.0,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00086-00027073-00027273": "Java didn’t let us do it.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00087-00027364-00027520": "But we can say:", "4FyW52mP4Au-00088-00027549-00027904": "cast the result on the right hand side", "4FyW52mP4Au-00089-00027904-00028104": "to be an integer.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00090-00028477-00028788": "You need the parentheses around the division", "4FyW52mP4Au-00091-00028788-00028988": "because you want the entire reult", "4FyW52mP4Au-00092-00028988-00029332": "converted to an integer, not just the 23.0.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00093-00029332-00029574": "With this cast,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00094-00029574-00029774": "Java is happy,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00095-00029774-00029974": "and we get the result we want.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00096-00030060-00030341": "Why would you ever want to cast “downwards”?--", "4FyW52mP4Au-00097-00030341-00030541": "taking something with more precision", "4FyW52mP4Au-00098-00030541-00030741": "to something with less precision?", "4FyW52mP4Au-00099-00030805-00031000": "As the book says,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00100-00031000-00031200": "this is what you can do to round", "4FyW52mP4Au-00101-00031200-00031400": "a number down to a specific number", "4FyW52mP4Au-00102-00031400-00031600": "of decimal places:", "4FyW52mP4Au-00103-00031614-00031913": "For example, in this code,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00104-00031913-00032045": "we’re taking", "4FyW52mP4Au-00105-00032045-00032452": "the tax, which has 11.3845,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00106-00032452-00032882": "multiplying it by 100 and converting it to an integer,", "4FyW52mP4Au-00107-00032882-00033153": "and then dividing by 100 again.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00108-00033180-00033442": "Here’s how it works:", "4FyW52mP4Au-00109-00033516-00033824": "11.3845 times 100", "4FyW52mP4Au-00110-00033824-00034169": "gives us 1138.45.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00111-00034266-00034496": "Converting that to an integre", "4FyW52mP4Au-00112-00034496-00034696": "gives us 1138.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00113-00034741-00035021": "And dividing by 100", "4FyW52mP4Au-00114-00035021-00035276": "gives us 11.38.", "4FyW52mP4Au-00115-00035476-00036076": "And that’s how you use casts to convert data types."}}, {"audio_id": "4G2DnsMi65y", "text": {"4G2DnsMi65y-00000-00000000-00000131": "You know this site, right?", "4G2DnsMi65y-00001-00000131-00000450": "Can Mine was how out of here", "4G2DnsMi65y-00002-00000450-00000654": "I looked it up because I was curious, too.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00003-00000654-00000913": "I thought it went up more than I thought.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00004-00000913-00001060": "I saw the ranking go up so high.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00005-00001060-00001239": "Based on today's standards,", "4G2DnsMi65y-00006-00001239-00001568": "showing the top 100 channel in Korea", "4G2DnsMi65y-00007-00001568-00001721": "It's 89th place.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00008-00001721-00001823": "It was so amazing.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00009-00001823-00001924": "I looked for more.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00010-00001924-00002206": "Top 100 Korean movie/animation growth channel", "4G2DnsMi65y-00011-00002206-00002379": "As of today, among movie channels,", "4G2DnsMi65y-00012-00002379-00002558": "I'm showing you a channel that went up so fast.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00013-00002558-00002747": "I was in 7th place.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00014-00002747-00002972": "I was so moved that I looked for one more.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00015-00002972-00003301": "Top 100 movie/animation ranking chart in Korea.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00016-00003301-00003445": "As of today,", "4G2DnsMi65y-00017-00003445-00003585": "I was in 15th place.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00018-00003585-00003743": "Thank you so much.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00019-00003743-00004195": "Looking at the ranking, I could see how much interest they gave me.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00020-00004195-00004455": "I'll prepare other contents, too.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00021-00004455-00004684": "Actually, I didn't prepare for this channel.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00022-00004684-00004863": "The direction is a bit difficult.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00023-00004863-00005151": "So I'm meeting a lot of people related to the content.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00024-00005151-00005341": "I'm thinking about many directions.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00025-00005341-00005400": "AH  nose is stuffy", "4G2DnsMi65y-00026-00005400-00005801": "There's a question asking why Kiyoung is adding items.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00027-00005801-00005966": "As the number of subscribers increases,", "4G2DnsMi65y-00028-00005966-00006229": "I think it would be nice to feel the fun of raising them.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00029-00006229-00006430": "I'll prepare something more fun.", "4G2DnsMi65y-00030-00006430-00006627": "THANK YOU"}}, {"audio_id": "4HiuHRTrCQy", "text": {"4HiuHRTrCQy-00000-00000312-00000544": "NO Copyright video Free", "4HiuHRTrCQy-00001-00005264-00005392": "download"}}, {"audio_id": "4IgEKyNJE_0", "text": {"4IgEKyNJE_0-00000-00000000-00000270": "'May I ask you to shake your hand if we meet by chance?' Oh, sure!", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00001-00000270-00000360": "Oh, no...?  (Due to pandemic...)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00002-00000360-00000409": "Subscribe! (Start live broadcasting.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00003-00000409-00000620": "I ate the Gowon Meal the other day.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00004-00000620-00000864": "So I thought maybe I can make the Hong Meal.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00005-00000864-00001194": "(Today's Summary) (Kimchi pancake mix & hot cake mix)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00006-00001194-00001292": "Combine them!", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00007-00001292-00001422": "Aren't you curious?", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00008-00001422-00001558": "I'm so curious. (Force curiosity)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00009-00001558-00001757": "(Today's point) Kimchi pancakes are salty and spicy.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00010-00001757-00001918": "(Today's point) Hot cakes are sweet.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00011-00001918-00002010": "(No over yet) And then,", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00012-00002010-00002172": "(A secret weapon) if I eat the sausage with them.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00013-00002172-00002442": "Kind of like a hot dog... (Explaining is getting longer and longer...)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00014-00002442-00002586": "(Making a sound with no reason.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00015-00002586-00002696": "(Then silence.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00016-00002696-00002784": "(Making a sound again...)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00017-00002784-00003088": "(Pork belly cut into sausage size. Also a secret weapon.) Cut into sausage size. Pork belly...", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00018-00003088-00003497": "I will grill it in an air fryer later and wrap it in kimchi pancake with pork belly.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00019-00003497-00003628": "Ah, why am I so nervous today?", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00020-00003628-00003726": "I'll have to make myself comfortable.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00021-00003726-00003842": "Should I do it comfortably like this? (What a character.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00022-00003842-00003892": "(Real start.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00023-00003892-00004084": "(Pork belly with salt and salt.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00024-00004084-00004210": "It's ready. (Put into air flyer, go go.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00025-00004210-00004354": "It's wrapped like this. (Next, the Johnsonville sausage)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00026-00004354-00004456": "(Very innovative.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00027-00004456-00004632": "(Open.) That's what Western sentiments are about (Say anything).", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00028-00004632-00004714": "That's what Western sentiments are about (Say anything). - What...?", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00029-00004714-00004826": "I'm really good at making this dish. (Hong Sound is very confident today.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00030-00004826-00005088": "When I was a college student, I always ate jeon as a side dish to drink. (No proud to say...)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00031-00005088-00005198": "(Add water to the mix.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00032-00005198-00005486": "'Why am I hungry just hearing your voice?'", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00033-00005486-00005674": "Like Pavlov's dog... (Joke) - LOL.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00034-00005674-00005822": "(A sudden serious look.) Are you saying that my subscriber is...", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00035-00005822-00005946": "a dog? (LOL.) (What's wrong with him after already laughed?)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00036-00005946-00006130": "'My English teacher's name is Hong Jung-sik (Pronunciation of the Hong Meal in Korean).' Oops.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00037-00006130-00006260": "(Hong Jeong-sik, who is still mixing.) It sounds like a person's name.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00038-00006260-00006440": "(Hong Jung-sik finally tasted like kimchi.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00039-00006440-00006588": "Oh, it's a big jackpot (force-feed).", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00040-00006588-00006718": "It smells so good (force-feed again).", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00041-00006718-00006820": "(Next, prepare for making pancake.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00042-00006820-00006918": "(Shaking.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00043-00006918-00006981": "(Drop the milk.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00044-00006984-00007118": "It's a little weird by my standards...(Fact)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00045-00007118-00007218": "What do you mean weird?", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00046-00007218-00007422": "They're all drooling.  (No just you...)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00047-00007545-00007768": "Oh, honey, can you find that thing?  It's made of wood.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00048-00007768-00007850": "(Sound of looking around.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00049-00007850-00007970": "(How cheeky.) No, not that tray.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00050-00007970-00008352": "(Strong complaint.) 'Give me a wooden one.' Who does that when asking for this?", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00051-00008352-00008452": "It's not a wooden one? (The main ingredient is Wood?)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00052-00008452-00008624": "Then I will call you protein. (The main ingredient: protein?)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00053-00008624-00008830": "Not protein, call me fat! (The main ingredient: fat!)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00054-00008830-00008912": "I agree with you, fat. (Immediate acceptance.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00055-00008912-00009022": "GAME OVER.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00056-00009022-00009292": "Kimchi pancake mix and pancake mix.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00057-00009292-00009498": "Start.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00058-00009498-00009690": "Wow. Honey this sound... And smell...", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00059-00009690-00009898": "Can you hear the smell...? (Boom) - I can hear well. (Clap)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00060-00009898-00009986": "LOL.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00061-00009986-00010094": "Wow.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00062-00010094-00010316": "There's going to be a revolution in salty and sweet foods?", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00063-00010316-00010476": "It smells definitely salty and sweet.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00064-00010476-00010742": "(In the meantime, the sausages are all baked.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00065-00010742-00010928": "(Now, if flip the pancake one more time, it's just around the corner.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00066-00011002-00011074": "Oops!! So hot.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00067-00011082-00011188": "(Always be careful about the oil.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00068-00011228-00011330": "What is it? Why did it burn? (Self questioning.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00069-00011330-00011438": "Ah it is not burnt. (Self answering.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00070-00011438-00011634": "It's gradation. It's okay. (Shameless.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00071-00011634-00011802": "I'm really good at making this dish. (Only a few minutes ago.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00072-00011802-00011974": "The first bite.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00073-00011974-00012078": "(Put it down.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00074-00012078-00012284": "(This situation is just so funny.) Pancakes are supposed to be cooked at low temperatures.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00075-00012284-00012386": "(So that's it.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00076-00012496-00012596": "(One more bite.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00077-00012986-00013063": "Hmm?", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00078-00013063-00013176": "Oh, this is delicious. (Rediscovery.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00079-00013176-00013290": "Is it? Give me some (Distrust).", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00080-00013302-00013454": "(One bite for wife.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00081-00013454-00013584": "Give some more (Surprise).", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00082-00013584-00013694": "This should not be this tasty.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00083-00013832-00014068": "(She's saying this can't be happening.) (Delightful.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00084-00014068-00014378": "But...I can taste kimchi pancake and hot cake separately. - You can taste both at the same time.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00085-00014378-00014547": "(First taste: Kimchi pancake, Later taste: Pancake.) I can taste them in order.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00086-00014547-00014700": "(Put sausage as he planned in the first place.) The shape that I planned.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00087-00014700-00014969": "Oh, the shape is a bit weird.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00088-00015062-00015319": "(How does it taste?)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00089-00015538-00015776": "Wow, it's delicious. - Is it? I think it's due to sausage..as it is just delicious.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00090-00015776-00015988": "(Wise saying.) (The sound of air flyer.) No, it is just delicious.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00091-00015988-00016158": "Oh, it tastes good. - Right? (His wife is eating it, too.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00092-00016158-00016400": "It tastes like sausage bread.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00093-00016400-00016568": "(Right.) Yes, it tastes like sausage bread.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00094-00016568-00016832": "And it tastes like kimchi, and it's crispy.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00095-00016832-00016986": "Please click \"Like\".", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00096-00016998-00017082": "(They're gathered, finally.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00097-00017082-00017334": "Johnsonville sausage and grilled pork belly.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00098-00017546-00017608": "(Admiration.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00099-00017624-00017738": "It's baked well, right?", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00100-00017804-00017970": "(Cheese - POP!)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00101-00017970-00018160": "Kimchi pancake with grilled pork belly!", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00102-00018160-00018338": "'For what?????'", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00103-00018344-00018472": "(Camera focus is also baffled.) Wow, look at this.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00104-00018472-00018662": "So-so...(Fact...) - LOL.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00105-00018662-00018816": "(Here's the food.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00106-00018816-00018962": "(Yum.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00107-00019124-00019271": "(Translation) How can I eat this in one bite?", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00108-00019272-00019410": "(It's rough.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00109-00019450-00019578": "Don't cut your lip.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00110-00019640-00019840": "Does pork belly go well with the food? - Umm~", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00111-00019840-00019914": "(So...)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00112-00019914-00019996": "(So what?)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00113-00019996-00020148": "It's a little short of seasoning", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00114-00020148-00020296": "I'm trying to eat sausage then.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00115-00020710-00020810": "(This is it.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00116-00020820-00021018": "The seasoning is perfect, right? - It's so delicious.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00117-00021018-00021128": "But it's just because this sausage delicio...", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00118-00021128-00021226": "Oops, it's so hot! HONG! (Subscribe & Like)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00119-00021244-00021442": "(Lastly, buldalg-mayonnaise.) It's becoming increasingly mysterious...", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00120-00021442-00021654": "It looks like a flower has bloomed. A flower!", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00121-00021662-00021790": "The color is the same. (The color of stomach.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00122-00022184-00022304": "(It just makes him laugh.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00123-00022304-00022456": "(Screwed today. Screwed.) (Old and tired.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00124-00022456-00022560": "(It's over.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00125-00022560-00022704": "(Denial of reality.) The eating show hasn't started yet.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00126-00022704-00022826": "(Pretending just started.) Today's menu for eating show is", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00127-00022826-00022940": "(Pretending never saw this before.) kimchi pancake.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00128-00022940-00023038": "(Pretending first time to do it.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00129-00023038-00023164": "(Pretending to be the first time to make it.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00130-00023164-00023306": "(Pretending first time to eat it.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00131-00023396-00023540": "'Is this product placement?' No, it's not.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00132-00023540-00023870": "If it's a PPL, I will not be able to use two different companies' products. (Potato pancake.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00133-00023870-00024052": "There can't be other brands' products if it's a PPL videos. (Tip to identify what's PPL or not.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00134-00024052-00024326": "One? Two? - Let's do one each. (In her opinion, decided to mix the potato pancake mix and kimchi pancake mix.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00135-00024378-00024456": "(Mixing.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00136-00024488-00024666": "Can we call this Yoon Meal?  (Named after his Wife.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00137-00024666-00024830": "Don't name it after my name(stern). - Okay(obeying).", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00138-00024830-00025090": "You have to cool the pancakes like they're fried.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00139-00025110-00025278": "When I made kimchi pancakes, I did it like frying.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00140-00025278-00025458": "It's gradation. HONG. (Subscribe & Like)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00141-00025488-00025624": "(Sit far back.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00142-00025626-00025726": "Wait a minute...", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00143-00025750-00025850": "Move over there.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00144-00025918-00026118": "Oops.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00145-00026132-00026344": "Oh, I was afraid it'd touch the light on top. (Careful) (Nice.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00146-00026344-00026604": "(The kimchi potato pancake is done.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00147-00026604-00026776": "Wow, it's a perfect heart shape, honey.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00148-00026776-00026916": "'It's a heart shape?'", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00149-00027204-00027472": "(How does his wife's kimchi potato pancake taste?)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00150-00027472-00027662": "My kimchi pancakes taste better. - Seriously?", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00151-00027662-00027783": "I won. (Declaring victory.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00152-00027802-00028080": "When I said I'd mix pancakes and kimchi pancakes, you said...", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00153-00028080-00028198": "You said you really hate it.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00154-00028198-00028330": "'Have you tested the MBTI?'", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00155-00028330-00028552": "I even have a license for an mbti instructor(boast1).", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00156-00028552-00028856": "I have completed all the courses at the Korea MBTI lab...(borast2).", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00157-00028856-00028958": "So what's yours?", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00158-00028958-00029050": "I forgot.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00159-00029244-00029318": "(Can't clearly remember.)", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00160-00029318-00029495": "(INTJ: a discreet strategist / INTP: logical thinker) Either INTJ or INTP.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00161-00029522-00029714": "(A discreet... and logical...) Oops, it's so hot.  It's gradation", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00162-00029714-00029902": "(Fact: holiday aftereffects) I think my hairs smell like oil.", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00163-00029902-00030218": "(Subscribers are with you...) 'I'm lying down now and I think I can smell kimchi pancake.'", "4IgEKyNJE_0-00164-00030312-00030888": "Turns out this person lives next door to us. We're cooking with all the windows open. So if you pass around here... (Please subscribe & Like)"}}, {"audio_id": "4IH5wKSG0_y", "text": {"4IH5wKSG0_y-00000-00000029-00000475": "Hi, my name is Maggie and I am the librarian for UNCG’s art history courses.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00001-00000475-00001054": "Today we are going to start out by looking at our library website, library.uncg.edu.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00002-00001054-00001651": "The library website is both a tool for researchers and the home page for the library as a department", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00003-00001651-00001805": "in the university.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00004-00001805-00002421": "Most of our tools for research are in the top section, in and around this red box.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00005-00002421-00003280": "For example, if I want to find books or DVDs, I can click on the “catalog” tab here", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00006-00003280-00003947": "in the red box to search through the library content that UNCG owns, including our books", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00007-00003947-00004135": "and DVDs.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00008-00004135-00004775": "Because we have renewable subscriptions to our articles in package deals through databases,", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00009-00004775-00005042": "if you want to search for an article, it’s actually better to select a specific database", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00010-00005042-00006021": "to search in by clicking on the “databases” link here.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00011-00006021-00006787": "Some of our databases are multidisciplinary, meaning you can research topics and find articles", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00012-00006787-00007159": "for just about any academic discipline or subject.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00013-00007159-00007604": "However, some of our databases are subject-specific.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00014-00007604-00008680": "If you want to find the databases recommended for a specific subject, you may want to instead", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00015-00008680-00009542": "click on “Research Guides by Subject” and select the subject you are studying from", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00016-00009542-00009866": "the list.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00017-00009866-00010378": "A research guide is a page made by a librarian that guides students to the resources they", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00018-00010378-00010737": "need to do research in a particular subject or course.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00019-00010737-00011284": "If we click on Art, we can get to the general Art guide.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00020-00011284-00011962": "From there, if we click on ARH 112 Online, we will get to our class research guide.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00021-00011962-00012598": "On the class research guide, you will see a list of databases recommended for researching", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00022-00012598-00012777": "art history topics.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00023-00012777-00013422": "However, because a lot of academic publishing on art history focuses on western art, to", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00024-00013422-00013991": "research African art history, we often also need to consult resources we can find on the", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00025-00013991-00014091": "Internet.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00026-00014091-00014727": "That’s why being able to critically evaluate websites to make sure they are credible, or", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00027-00014727-00015077": "trustworthy, is so important.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00028-00015077-00015659": "The “Evaluating Web Sources” tab on your research guide has useful questions to ask", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00029-00015659-00016031": "yourself about the sources you find.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00030-00016031-00016395": "Let’s try a sample topic to research.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00031-00016395-00017611": "We are going to look for information about masks from Burkina Faso.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00032-00017611-00018243": "You can see from our results we have lots of different types of websites that come up", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00033-00018243-00018630": "when we search for information on this topic.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00034-00018630-00019476": "One of the first things we see is a Wikipedia entry on the art of Burkina Faso.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00035-00019476-00020113": "While we don’t want to cite the information on Wikipedia, as an encyclopedia, Wikipedia", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00036-00020113-00020644": "can actually be a really useful starting point for researching a topic because it helps us", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00037-00020644-00021384": "identify key terms we can use for finding credible sites, books, and academic articles", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00038-00021384-00021615": "as we continue our research.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00039-00021615-00022438": "For example, this article gives us the name of the type of wood that Mossi masks are carved", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00040-00022438-00023204": "from, the colors that are typically used, and the animals and archetypal characters", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00041-00023204-00023804": "represented in Mossi masks.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00042-00023804-00024518": "This is useful because we might want to narrow down our research on a particular type of", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00043-00024518-00025273": "mask, such as Mossi masks representing hyenas or antelopes.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00044-00025273-00026026": "If we now go back to our results page, we will also see at the top the featured result", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00045-00026026-00026524": "is a topic essay from a website called Art & Life in Africa.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00046-00026524-00027037": "If we click on this result, it will bring us to that page for us to evaluate.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00047-00027037-00027624": "When we look at an information source, such as a website, we need to carefully it using", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00048-00027624-00028333": "ABCD, which is a set of questions to ask about different aspects of credibility.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00049-00028333-00029177": "A stands for authority, and when we evaluate authority, we need to ask who created and", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00050-00029177-00029509": "published the content.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00051-00029509-00029906": "We also need to ask, are they an expert on the topic?", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00052-00029906-00030384": "Here we see that this site was published by the University of Iowa.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00053-00030384-00030956": "Their name is in the top left corner of the page, and if we look at the URL, we see that", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00054-00030956-00031465": "it includes “uiowa.edu” in it.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00055-00031465-00032099": "Having a URL that has a .edu domain lets us know that a university is the publisher of", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00056-00032099-00032253": "a website.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00057-00032253-00032790": "However, universities often provide webspace for students to publish class projects and", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00058-00032790-00033358": "essays--and students do not have the kind of expertise we are looking for when we want", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00059-00033358-00033672": "to cite sources in our academic research.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00060-00033672-00034215": "This means we also need to look at the author of this specific essay.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00061-00034215-00034702": "We can see here the author is Christopher D. Roy.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00062-00034702-00035719": "If we google “Christopher D. Roy,” University of Iowa, we will find out information about", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00063-00035719-00036065": "the author.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00064-00036065-00036588": "He was a professor and faculty fellow of African art history.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00065-00036588-00037814": "This means, he does have  the academic expertise we look for in the", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00066-00037814-00038149": "author of a credible resource.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00067-00038149-00038843": "The B in ABCD stands for bias, which prompts you to ask whether the author has motives", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00068-00038843-00039511": "other than to inform readers or make scholarly arguments about a topic, supported by expertise", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00069-00039511-00039693": "and evidence.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00070-00039693-00040084": "Bias is not usually a problem on academic websites.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00071-00040084-00041096": "However, the C in ABCD, or Currency, is always something you want to closely investigate.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00072-00041096-00041469": "Currency prompts us to ask, how up-to-date is this information?", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00073-00041469-00042102": "It’s hard for us to establish when this essay was written, but we do see that all", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00074-00042102-00042591": "the photographs in the essay were taken in 1985.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00075-00042591-00043643": "This might prompt us to look for more recent information about masks from Burkina Faso,", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00076-00043643-00044155": "as artistic traditions in Africa are not frozen in time!", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00077-00044155-00044994": "If we look at another result in our search, we will find an article published in 2016", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00078-00044994-00045455": "about the International Festival of Masks, also called FESTIMA, which takes place in", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00079-00045455-00045794": "Burkina Faso.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00080-00045794-00046977": "This festival only started in 1996, which emphasizes why photographs taken in 1985 should", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00081-00046977-00047477": "perhaps not be our only source on this art tradition.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00082-00047477-00048003": "An article from a news website like CNN is a great example of a popular source.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00083-00048003-00048750": "The author of this article is not an art history professor, but is instead a professional journalist.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00084-00048750-00049362": "This author does not rely on their own expertise on a topic from original scholarly research,", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00085-00049362-00049994": "but engages in interviewing, observation, and reporting in order to write articles of", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00086-00049994-00050543": "interest to the general public.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00087-00050543-00051607": "Many of the results for this search are from other news sites, other academic sites, and", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00088-00051607-00052770": "cultural institutions like art and history museums.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00089-00052770-00053766": "However, keep an eye out for pages from sites like this one, from french-nc.com.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00090-00053766-00054730": "This is a good example of a commercial site that has a particular bias.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00091-00054730-00055407": "This website is a gallery that sells masks, so the information is intended to advertise", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00092-00055407-00055625": "the mask to potential buyers.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00093-00055625-00056333": "It is hard to tell from the “about page” who the authors of the information art, and", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00094-00056333-00057070": "what expertise they have on masks from Burkina Faso specifically, as they just own an antiques", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00095-00057070-00057298": "store in Chatham.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00096-00057298-00058267": "Additionally, if we think about the D in ABCD, or Documentation, there is no evidence provided", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00097-00058267-00058930": "for the information they have given about ceremonial masks from Burkina Faso.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00098-00058930-00059722": "They have not documented their sources with citations, there are no editors or fact-checkers", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00099-00059722-00060222": "who review the accuracy of this information.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00100-00060222-00061157": "This is a poorly documented site and therefore, not really a credible source of information", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00101-00061157-00061328": "on masks.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00102-00061328-00062058": "Always pay attention to whether a site is trying to sell African art works to collectors,", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00103-00062058-00062720": "as those sites are often biased in trying to persuade readers to buy art works rather", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00104-00062720-00063461": "than to just inform readers about the art works, and rarely provide good documentation", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00105-00063461-00063848": "about where their information comes from.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00106-00063848-00064550": "I hope this short lecture was helpful in helping you think through researching global or non-western", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00107-00064550-00064682": "art topics!", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00108-00064682-00066539": "Don’t forget that you can always email me if you have questions or use the library’s", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00109-00066539-00066639": "Ask Us!", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00110-00066639-00066806": "Service to chat with a librarian.", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00111-00066806-00067325": "This chat service is embedded in the ARH 112 Online guide here, and also available on the", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00112-00067325-00068694": "UNCG Libraries website by going to library.uncg.edu, and click on “Chat with a Librarian.”", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00113-00068694-00069408": "This page also will give you the hours that our chat service is available, so you know", "4IH5wKSG0_y-00114-00069408-00070069": "when you can get instant help with your research!"}}, {"audio_id": "4IRWatWUnyo", "text": {"4IRWatWUnyo-00000-00003143-00003265": "咖哩飯Curry Rice", "4IRWatWUnyo-00001-00003813-00003967": "Wait", "4IRWatWUnyo-00002-00004557-00004694": "Beef Curry", "4IRWatWUnyo-00003-00005386-00005487": "close up", "4IRWatWUnyo-00004-00005762-00005829": "Sufficient tasty?", "4IRWatWUnyo-00005-00005942-00006136": "Curry is good", "4IRWatWUnyo-00006-00006228-00006299": "a little braised taste", "4IRWatWUnyo-00007-00006299-00006399": "I don’t know why", "4IRWatWUnyo-00008-00007410-00007587": "poached egg is over well?", "4IRWatWUnyo-00009-00007731-00007857": "Over well", "4IRWatWUnyo-00010-00008652-00008745": "A feast", "4IRWatWUnyo-00011-00009289-00009449": "Adult  Curry", "4IRWatWUnyo-00012-00009923-00010146": "Yui and single earring", "4IRWatWUnyo-00013-00010447-00010643": "What’s this", "4IRWatWUnyo-00014-00010710-00010880": "黑糖伯爵奶茶 Brown Sugar Earl Grey Milk Tea", "4IRWatWUnyo-00015-00011081-00011211": "Every time to see this", "4IRWatWUnyo-00016-00011217-00011354": "Surface like this", "4IRWatWUnyo-00017-00011391-00011578": "feel like knocking it", "4IRWatWUnyo-00018-00012349-00012612": "Can you play it ?Can you?", "4IRWatWUnyo-00019-00014090-00014275": "I think I will get cream beard", "4IRWatWUnyo-00020-00016232-00016369": "Brown sugar on it", "4IRWatWUnyo-00021-00016526-00016663": "Earl Grey, smell good", "4IRWatWUnyo-00022-00016920-00017073": "I think I should order caramel (pubbing) next time", "4IRWatWUnyo-00023-00017077-00017157": "I want to knock the surface", "4IRWatWUnyo-00024-00017537-00017620": "What’s this", "4IRWatWUnyo-00025-00017924-00018041": "煙燻鮭魚可頌Smoked salmon croissant", "4IRWatWUnyo-00026-00018041-00018191": "See salmon, choose salmon", "4IRWatWUnyo-00027-00018351-00018425": "I like salmon", "4IRWatWUnyo-00028-00019325-00019419": "Look like it", "4IRWatWUnyo-00029-00020690-00020824": "Len is nodding", "4IRWatWUnyo-00030-00021981-00022088": "Eat much vegetable", "4IRWatWUnyo-00031-00022866-00023096": "And then, eat the high calories food", "4IRWatWUnyo-00032-00023363-00023510": "I think how can I take it", "4IRWatWUnyo-00033-00023583-00023857": "Well, table manners", "4IRWatWUnyo-00034-00024444-00024511": "Can I pick it up? (have tableware)", "4IRWatWUnyo-00035-00025555-00025752": "Afraid to break it", "4IRWatWUnyo-00036-00027240-00027430": "I like the crisp", "4IRWatWUnyo-00037-00030033-00030220": "I heard the satisfy sound", "4IRWatWUnyo-00038-00031094-00031277": "I oder", "4IRWatWUnyo-00039-00031291-00031394": "花生拿鐵Peanut Coffee Latte", "4IRWatWUnyo-00040-00032255-00032315": "I think", "4IRWatWUnyo-00041-00032352-00032861": "Peanut and Latte is combined", "4IRWatWUnyo-00042-00032866-00033023": "Taste fantastic", "4IRWatWUnyo-00043-00033119-00033266": "Coffee and milk", "4IRWatWUnyo-00044-00033286-00033483": "And peanut", "4IRWatWUnyo-00045-00033813-00034044": "You just say it tatsed like peanut brittle?", "4IRWatWUnyo-00046-00034134-00034187": "Smell", "4IRWatWUnyo-00047-00034294-00034644": "And the taste is mixed", "4IRWatWUnyo-00048-00034714-00034881": "Amazing", "4IRWatWUnyo-00049-00034888-00034938": "Amazing", "4IRWatWUnyo-00050-00036129-00036242": "Is it mixed?", "4IRWatWUnyo-00051-00036519-00036573": "Adult", "4IRWatWUnyo-00052-00036956-00037110": "Try it", "4IRWatWUnyo-00053-00037167-00037257": "The taste is fun", "4IRWatWUnyo-00054-00037967-00038084": "Last we order", "4IRWatWUnyo-00055-00038138-00038415": "烏龍生乳酪蛋糕 Oolong No Bake Cheese Cake", "4IRWatWUnyo-00056-00038418-00038720": "(Type of cake maybe change)", "4IRWatWUnyo-00057-00038720-00038875": "This spot is oolong tea", "4IRWatWUnyo-00058-00040313-00040367": "yummy", "4IRWatWUnyo-00059-00040520-00040610": "Cheese cake", "4IRWatWUnyo-00060-00040740-00040977": "Put it in mouth, will taste oolong tea", "4IRWatWUnyo-00061-00041184-00041294": "Cheese tatse more", "4IRWatWUnyo-00062-00041311-00041494": "No bake cheese", "4IRWatWUnyo-00063-00041621-00041768": "Cake is soft, delicious"}}, {"audio_id": "4JiZ5Sce0B4", "text": {"4JiZ5Sce0B4-00000-00000165-00000365": "Like & subscribe"}}, {"audio_id": "4JWIMOlYOE0", "text": {"4JWIMOlYOE0-00000-00000162-00000377": "- [Dessi] There we go, the session is now being recorded", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00001-00000377-00000673": "and we are finally on with the substantive part", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00002-00000850-00001153": "which is actually not so much an introduction to QDR", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00003-00001153-00001430": "especially since we do see a lot of familiar names", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00004-00001430-00001614": "but an introduction to our curation processes", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00005-00001614-00001823": "and a little bit of behind the curtain", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00006-00001823-00002122": "or behind the scenes look at how we do things at", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00007-00002235-00002520": "our particular institution but just for those who", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00008-00002520-00002884": "are only recently have found out about us,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00009-00002884-00003384": "what we do is we accept and curate and publish", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00010-00003626-00003867": "qualitative and mixed methods data from", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00011-00003867-00004057": "the social sciences in particular.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00012-00004057-00004326": "We are an institution hosted at Syracuse University", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00013-00004326-00004544": "but serve a broad international audience", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00014-00004544-00004747": "of social science researchers,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00015-00004747-00005134": "have been online since 2014 and until now have", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00016-00005134-00005369": "been support exclusively by grants,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00017-00005369-00005586": "by various organizations such as the National", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00018-00005586-00005951": "Science Foundation, Robert Wood Johnson and most recently Sloan.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00019-00006095-00006445": "We currently have 47 published data projects", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00020-00006445-00006915": "and a growing number of in progress, well a growing", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00021-00006915-00007181": "collection in general but about that many more in", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00022-00007181-00007628": "projects as well that we're hoping to bring online", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00023-00007628-00008087": "very soon too and just in the middle of this current year,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00024-00008087-00008367": "we move to our long plan institutional membership model", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00025-00008367-00008629": "about which Sebastian will speak more later.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00026-00008629-00008790": "And apologies, I just realized I didn't", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00027-00008790-00009005": "introduce our speaker, in the middle of technical", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00028-00009005-00009309": "mix up in the beginning. So, you're hearing me, Dessi Kirilova.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00029-00009309-00009509": "I'm the data curation specialist at QDR.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00030-00009509-00009771": "And you will also here from Sebastian Karcher,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00031-00009771-00010019": "who is the Associate Director of QDR.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00032-00010344-00010625": "The other housekeeping thing that I wanted to make", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00033-00010625-00010947": "sure I note is, as you listen to our presentation", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00034-00010947-00011144": "if you have questions, please feel free to type them", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00035-00011144-00011461": "in the chat window. If they refer to directly to", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00036-00011461-00011624": "something that we're talking about, we'll try to monitor", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00037-00011624-00012023": "and answer them on the spot but if they're more general", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00038-00012023-00012335": "or if we miss the moment, we will make sure to address", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00039-00012335-00012577": "them in the Q and A. We've left a generous portion of", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00040-00012577-00012894": "our presentation time or our time after the presentation", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00041-00012894-00013081": "for Q and A so just please use the chat", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00042-00013081-00013268": "for questions that you may have.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00043-00013502-00013719": "You can familiarize yourself with the QDR mission", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00044-00013719-00013941": "but again just to highlight the main thing that", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00045-00013941-00014304": "distinguishes us from other data repositories", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00046-00014304-00014758": "is that we try to serve a particular niche for", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00047-00014853-00015163": "social scientists and mainly those who work with", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00048-00015163-00015416": "qualitative and multi method research data.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00049-00015941-00016303": "(man muttering)", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00050-00016303-00016386": "For people.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00051-00016668-00016920": "Apologies, the internet,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00052-00016920-00017124": "our slides are not advancing for everybody.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00053-00017247-00017492": "So Sebastian is trying to resolve that issue now.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00054-00018733-00018893": "I guess I can tell you a few more words", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00055-00018893-00019078": "even without you necessarily looking at the slides.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00056-00019078-00019350": "But as you can imagine, qualitative and multi-method", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00057-00019350-00019667": "data come in a lot of different forms and formats.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00058-00019667-00019877": "When you do find the next one,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00059-00019877-00020106": "illustrates some of them visually.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00060-00020106-00020320": "The vast majority of things that we,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00061-00020320-00020616": "our projects consists of are interview transcripts", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00062-00020616-00020935": "and focus group transcripts, but there's a lot of,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00063-00020935-00021247": "I think now everybody should be seeing the right slides,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00064-00021247-00021470": "sorry, so the vast ability are interview transcript", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00065-00021470-00021710": "and focus group transcripts, but we have videos.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00066-00021710-00021985": "We have hand-written documents, scanned documents,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00067-00021985-00022324": "a lot of governmental documents and because we do", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00068-00022324-00022640": "serve an international audience and a lot of projects", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00069-00022640-00022830": "cover different parts of the world, a lot of the", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00070-00022830-00023040": "documents are also in different languages.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00071-00023126-00023347": "So that are interesting and fun to work with.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00072-00023347-00023835": "Curation at QDR is done by several of us, who", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00073-00023835-00024257": "specialize in subjects across the social sciences.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00074-00024257-00024617": "We really pride ourselves on working very, very closely", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00075-00024617-00024913": "with our depositors in an interactive process", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00076-00024913-00025164": "from beginning to publication, and as a result,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00077-00025164-00025478": "we are able to offer individualized solutions on", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00078-00025478-00025740": "the issues that may arise around the context of", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00079-00025740-00025994": "a particular project. We really look at the details", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00080-00025994-00026263": "of the materials, the details of the data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00081-00026263-00026644": "and try to work out the best possible solutions", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00082-00026644-00026933": "for the challenges that the data might present.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00083-00026933-00027304": "And those challenges come in several shapes that", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00084-00027304-00027569": "are common to qualitative and multi method social", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00085-00027569-00027872": "science data, the primary among them really is", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00086-00027872-00028149": "one of our goals in curation to insure that we can,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00087-00028149-00028435": "and the depositor can, share the materials legally", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00088-00028435-00028922": "and ethically and that often comes to human", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00089-00028922-00029164": "participant related concerns but also other times", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00090-00029164-00029483": "copyright concerns and some of the solutions that we", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00091-00029483-00029774": "present, that I've just given an example from here,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00092-00029865-00030365": "reside in technological tools, such as for example,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00093-00030389-00030639": "differential authenticated access so then you have", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00094-00030639-00031052": "some other types of advice and guidance on just ways", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00095-00031052-00031227": "of managing and organizing the materials", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00096-00031227-00031451": "or even conducting the original data collection", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00097-00031451-00031714": "in ways that then enable legal and ethical sharing.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00098-00031714-00032124": "So those are the types of assistance and guidance", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00099-00032124-00032352": "that we try to provide to depositors.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00100-00032352-00032667": "Of course with any repository we, in curation,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00101-00032667-00032915": "try to enhance the data and meta data in a variety of ways.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00102-00032915-00033124": "And we'll give some examples in the two projects", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00103-00033124-00033360": "that we're going into more detail about.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00104-00033360-00033613": "And we preserve for the long run, disseminate", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00105-00033613-00034085": "and promote the materials that we publish.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00106-00034085-00034365": "Now we'll move on, I'll offer the floor to Sebastian", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00107-00034365-00034555": "who will move onto the example of the first", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00108-00034555-00034710": "project we're gonna talk about.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00109-00035182-00035421": "- [Sebastian] Alright, a tale of two data projects.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00110-00035421-00035662": "So this is the first data project that", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00111-00035662-00035787": "we are going to talk about.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00112-00035965-00036101": "This started when Killian Clarke, a political scientist,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00113-00036101-00036418": "approached us early this year and he had just gotten", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00114-00036418-00036647": "an article accepted into the journal", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00115-00036647-00036994": "Perspectives on Politics, which is widely read", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00116-00036994-00037324": "political science journal with a focus on", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00117-00037450-00037765": "relevant, in the sense of relevant to contemporary", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00118-00037765-00038041": "political debates, political science and with an also", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00119-00038041-00038250": "strong focus on qualitative works.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00120-00038250-00038695": "So really ideally suited for the types of data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00121-00038695-00038889": "that we work with.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00122-00039085-00039546": "The article is on a protests in Syrian refugee camps,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00123-00039546-00039917": "and the basic puzzle that Killian tried to address", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00124-00040035-00040482": "is why and when do refugees, so the dispossessed people,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00125-00040482-00040701": "have very little political power, protest.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00126-00040701-00041157": "And the initial motivating puzzle of the article", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00127-00041157-00041472": "was that that was quite common in Jordanian refugee camps", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00128-00041472-00041732": "but not in Turkey and in Lebanon.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00129-00041732-00042036": "He got to us, encouraged by the editors of", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00130-00042036-00042381": "Perspectives on Politics who had encouraged him to", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00131-00042381-00042774": "share as much as possible off the data used in this article", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00132-00042774-00043021": "as part of a broader trend of transparency", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00133-00043021-00043428": "within political science. So what are the data?", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00134-00043428-00043683": "What are we talking about?", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00135-00043683-00044061": "Well Clarke had three different sorts of data.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00136-00044061-00044370": "The first one, and this is in his words,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00137-00044370-00044697": "are source documents from humanitarian agencies.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00138-00044697-00045106": "The second one is contentious event data,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00139-00045106-00045367": "and I'll talk more about exactly what that is later.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00140-00045462-00045647": "And then the third one are 87 original interviews", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00141-00045647-00045979": "that he conducted in the camps with both refugees", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00142-00045979-00046320": "and aid workers in the camps.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00143-00046458-00046958": "Each of these three data sources posed particular", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00144-00046959-00047185": "problems or challenges rather.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00145-00047185-00047385": "So for the source documents, we had to make sure", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00146-00047385-00047629": "that we actually knew where exactly they were coming from", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00147-00047743-00048089": "and since these were longish documents,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00148-00048089-00048221": "there was the question of copyright.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00149-00048221-00048433": "Were we even allowed to share these", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00150-00048433-00048561": "or reproduce these publicly?", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00151-00048561-00048846": "For the event data, there was a whole host of challenges.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00152-00048930-00049194": "With the question of how does one preserve such data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00153-00049194-00049479": "and as you're going to see, this is mostly social media data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00154-00049479-00049830": "which also means conditions of views of the specific", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00155-00049830-00050233": "services are questions. Social media data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00156-00050233-00050440": "has seen a lot of debate about the ethics", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00157-00050440-00050712": "of sharing such data so that was a relevant question.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00158-00050712-00050948": "And finally copyright applies here, too.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00159-00050948-00051364": "And then thirdly, the original interviews he conducted", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00160-00051364-00051864": "and very obvious concern, adequate protections", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00161-00051884-00052242": "for human participants. And right out of the bat,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00162-00052242-00052686": "that was ruled out by Clarke and by us.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00163-00052686-00052982": "The consent that he used with them promised them", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00164-00052982-00053482": "to keep the data secure and only to himself.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00165-00053513-00053841": "And really if you think back to the refugee crisis in", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00166-00053841-00054197": "2015, these were people fleeing ISIS that", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00167-00054197-00054551": "certainly seemed the common sense thing to do.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00168-00054551-00054744": "And so there was really never a discussion", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00169-00054744-00054924": "about sharing that part of the data.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00170-00055191-00055523": "So source documents, what are we talking about here?", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00171-00055523-00055831": "So a lot of these were UNHCR Reports of different kinds", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00172-00055831-00056258": "and the bulk of these were meeting minutes such as this one", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00173-00056258-00056529": "from one of the refugee camps various committees,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00174-00056529-00056778": "governance committees in the camps.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00175-00056875-00057175": "Then there we also couple of more professionally produced", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00176-00057387-00057887": "publications, mostly again by UNHCR about the refugee camps", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00177-00057910-00058140": "and the work that the organization does there.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00178-00058382-00058870": "Now if you look on the UN and UNHCR sites,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00179-00059036-00059345": "all of their documents, by default, are under copyright", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00180-00059345-00059730": "and you have to request permissions to use and reproduce", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00181-00059730-00060043": "or to reproduce those documents anywhere publicly.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00182-00060141-00060520": "We do this on occasion but it's a cumbersome process", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00183-00060520-00060761": "and often involves payments that aren't feasible", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00184-00060761-00061083": "within the budget of the researcher so that's", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00185-00061083-00061281": "not an ideal situation. It turns out though that", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00186-00061281-00061687": "Clarke had retrieved these documents from a specific site", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00187-00061687-00061982": "that you see linked here that UNHCR had set up", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00188-00061982-00062482": "specifically to provide information on the refugee situation", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00189-00062528-00062887": "surrounding the Syrian Civil War.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00190-00062887-00063166": "And they had a separate copyright statement", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00191-00063166-00063467": "for documents from that site that specifically allow,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00192-00063467-00063916": "as you can see here, that reproduction, not just use,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00193-00063916-00064219": "but reproduction for use of private study is permitted", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00194-00064219-00064702": "as long as it's not for sale or use with commercial", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00195-00064702-00065029": "purposes which is not what QDR is doing.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00196-00065029-00065288": "So we are able to share these documents.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00197-00065288-00065711": "And then of course, we make sure that we document", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00198-00065831-00066156": "such specific copyright rules in the terms of use", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00199-00066156-00066630": "in the data set jointly with any other usage conditions", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00200-00066630-00066808": "on the data as you can see here.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00201-00067174-00067462": "We then, and that's part of, when Dessi talked", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00202-00067462-00067838": "about our interactive process, we created a data inventory", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00203-00067838-00068114": "so he gave us the files and an initial list of files", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00204-00068114-00068614": "and the categories he was thinking about for these files.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00205-00068655-00068993": "But he hadn't actually noted the URL that these files were", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00206-00068993-00069435": "retrieved from so we went back and reverse engineered,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00207-00069435-00069911": "where the files actually came from and then put together", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00208-00069911-00070235": "the URL column that you see in this excerpt from the", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00209-00070235-00070495": "spreadsheet which was a much much bigger spreadsheet.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00210-00070495-00070666": "These are the first 10 rows.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00211-00070666-00071166": "And that, of course, is crucial for provenance information", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00212-00071444-00071810": "but you can also see here that some of the files that", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00213-00071810-00072124": "he was able to retrieve from the site were not,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00214-00072124-00072402": "no longer on that side and we're quite confident that", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00215-00072402-00072601": "this wasn't because we didn't look in the right place", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00216-00072601-00072877": "but they were actually gone which highlights the", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00217-00072877-00073377": "importance off archiving these documents that are part of", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00218-00073448-00073588": "the scholarly record, of the", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00219-00073588-00074088": "information supporting Clarke's article.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00220-00074584-00074892": "Moving on to the even data so what he had done", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00221-00074892-00075224": "is he had collected social media reports,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00222-00075224-00075420": "and we're talking relatively small number,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00223-00075420-00075761": "I think they were under 50 total, mainly Twitter,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00224-00075761-00076104": "some Facebook, some other things, that were reports", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00225-00076104-00076407": "on protest events and then often within them contained", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00226-00076407-00076782": "a link to an article providing more information.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00227-00076782-00077129": "And so this is what he initially gave us.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00228-00077129-00077351": "The first column is the date of the protest", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00229-00077351-00077851": "and where it was, the sort of event and then the link", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00230-00077857-00078286": "and then the column, you see he went through this", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00231-00078286-00078634": "and a lot of the thing he had noted had already gone dead.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00232-00078718-00079015": "And he went back and provided some additional ones,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00233-00079015-00079430": "was able to trace, find information for all the protest", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00234-00079430-00079716": "events. But again, you see the importance of finding some", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00235-00079716-00079962": "way to archive that information because it's in the", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00236-00079962-00080282": "Middle East and that volatile contact and is rapidly disappearing.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00237-00080477-00080977": "Now this is how a typical such Tweet that he collected", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00238-00081160-00081660": "looked like and so there's a whole range of challenges", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00239-00082002-00082446": "in archiving social media data and we very roughly follow", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00240-00082446-00082838": "this very useful framework that Sarah Mannheimer", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00241-00082838-00082997": "from Montana and Elizabeth Hull from Dryad have", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00242-00082997-00083207": "put together that they call stats especially", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00243-00083207-00083599": "the last two steps here. And one of the crucial things", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00244-00083599-00084099": "that we ask ourselves when we look at social media data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00245-00084176-00084591": "is, was this created with an intention to be public, right?", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00246-00084591-00084804": "A lot of things are public on the internet,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00247-00084804-00085108": "Instagram posts, Twitter posts but people really", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00248-00085108-00085506": "intend them for their friends or for their 98 followers.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00249-00085658-00085916": "Those cases, we would not be comfortable sharing this", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00250-00085916-00086304": "as part of the scientific repository for eternity, etc.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00251-00086304-00086777": "This is different here, these were posts clearly", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00252-00086777-00087189": "intended for a worldwide public audience, by news organizations,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00253-00087189-00087435": "worldwide journal, you can tell that both in terms of", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00254-00087435-00087868": "who they originated from like who wrote these, what hashtags", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00255-00087868-00088124": "did they use, right, so these were not", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00256-00088124-00088382": "intended to be private conversations between friends.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00257-00088382-00088713": "So we see absolutely no ethical concern.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00258-00088915-00089200": "Also if you look at a Tweet like this,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00259-00089200-00089700": "copyright concerns are not as big as we would see them", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00260-00089735-00090235": "with other social media expressions because these are,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00261-00090247-00090503": "we argue, essentially statement of fact,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00262-00090503-00090743": "which as such cannot be copyrighted.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00263-00090743-00090922": "Tweets, of course, in spite of their brevity,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00264-00090922-00091227": "can absolutely be originally creative works", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00265-00091227-00091720": "and such subject to copyright. But most of what we saw", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00266-00091720-00091990": "and what he archived were simple statements of fact.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00267-00092085-00092529": "And as such, we felt good archiving them in our text.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00268-00092529-00092750": "So here's what we did, we extended the spreadsheet", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00269-00092750-00093213": "that he gave us to include the full length of the Tweets", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00270-00093213-00093713": "as you see here, the full text of the Tweet but then you", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00271-00093747-00094028": "notice another component here and those are the links", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00272-00094028-00094283": "that are in the Tweets that often provide valuable", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00273-00094283-00094539": "additional content. Now those articles", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00274-00094648-00094875": "are most certainly under copyright and yet still,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00275-00094875-00095312": "we felt it was crucial that access to these was", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00276-00095312-00095488": "still available in the long term.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00277-00095488-00095894": "And the Middle East media landscape and web landscape is", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00278-00095894-00096264": "incredibly brittle and the links were going down left", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00279-00096264-00096563": "and right as we were curating this project.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00280-00096563-00097063": "So what we do is, we use a dedicated web archiving service.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00281-00097076-00097310": "Perma CC is run out of Harvard Law School.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00282-00097310-00097744": "But in effect, it works very similar to the Internet", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00283-00097744-00098073": "Archive Way Back Machine that you may be more familiar with", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00284-00098073-00098552": "and allows us to take snapshots of a website at a", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00285-00098552-00098936": "given time which them remains available permanently", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00286-00098936-00099379": "even if the website itself goes down.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00287-00099379-00099822": "It's essentially a dark archive, Perma CC isn't searched by,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00288-00099822-00100160": "isn't available to search engines so the only way", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00289-00100160-00100445": "to get to this site is if you have this specific link", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00290-00100445-00100841": "which is why copyright concerns, they believe,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00291-00100841-00101227": "and they're Harvard Law School, aren't a major concern here", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00292-00101227-00101381": "and they can archive these pages.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00293-00101381-00101838": "We can take advantage of this infrastructure", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00294-00101838-00102338": "and make sure that our users are going to be able to", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00295-00102403-00102664": "access these articles in the long term.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00296-00102664-00102997": "So these are the two specific things that we did for", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00297-00102997-00103497": "curation that were specific, tailored to this project.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00298-00103508-00103827": "We do a lot of case by case determinations on", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00299-00103827-00104204": "different questions here, there are obviously a lot of", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00300-00104204-00104507": "things that we generally do for every data project.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00301-00104507-00105007": "So we add key words, we use ICPSR's subject thesaurus,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00302-00105011-00105377": "so we have a controlled vocabulary for keywords.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00303-00105483-00105857": "We take the information that authors give us", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00304-00105857-00106182": "and collect, turn that into structured meta data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00305-00106182-00106436": "so dates, when the time period was covered,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00306-00106436-00106733": "when were the data collected, when were the data published,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00307-00106870-00107359": "what countries, regions, localities are we talking about.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00308-00107476-00107976": "We ask for a extensive description of the data,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00309-00108021-00108307": "what we refer to as a data overview so you see brief", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00310-00108307-00108627": "summary of the project, an abstract, what is the data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00311-00108627-00108889": "and what are the specific files that I'm gonna be", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00312-00108889-00109258": "able to access. And then we make preservation copies", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00313-00109258-00109621": "of the files so really standard stuff.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00314-00109621-00110000": "If they're PDFs, we make PDF/As, spreadsheets,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00315-00110098-00110413": "we have CSV copies, those sorts of things.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00316-00110413-00110716": "And then part of curation is promotion. So we use", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00317-00110716-00111083": "social media to promote things, we publish on our holding", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00318-00111083-00111583": "and do thing such as this webinar that raises the profile", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00319-00111683-00111963": "off the data projects that we hold.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00320-00112081-00112433": "Now we consider Clarke, a project like this,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00321-00112433-00112580": "a fairly standard size.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00322-00112580-00112908": "This is still, as you hopefully realize,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00323-00112908-00113320": "a reasonable amount of work but this is our daily bread", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00324-00113320-00113817": "and what we consider a standard size data project.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00325-00113817-00114109": "Occasionally we get significantly larger projects", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00326-00114263-00114451": "and Dessi is now going to talk to you about", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00327-00114451-00114593": "an example of that project.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00328-00115097-00115597": "- [Dessi] Yes the other example from the tale", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00329-00115600-00115945": "is one that reached us in a different manner.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00330-00115945-00116401": "It actually is a series of documents and I'll", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00331-00116401-00116609": "talk more about the specifics of the documents in a second.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00332-00116609-00117109": "But it's a bunch of documents that a team has collected", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00333-00117189-00117494": "on the Northern Ireland Troubles,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00334-00117494-00117846": "the political violence that went on in Northern Ireland", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00335-00117846-00118233": "between the 60s and the 90s and they were actually", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00336-00118233-00118443": "looking for a more permanent home for the materials", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00337-00118443-00118697": "than what their own website would provide", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00338-00118697-00118948": "and better findability by others.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00339-00118948-00119076": "They really wanted to promote these materials for other", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00340-00119076-00119408": "researchers and even just for interested individual citizens.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00341-00119408-00119777": "They also had mentioned that they were interested in", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00342-00119777-00120120": "having deposited in a professional venue like ours", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00343-00120120-00120452": "so that the materials could be better searched by their", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00344-00120452-00120901": "own team and they went on with writing further on these", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00345-00120901-00121401": "rich files so it's a large, stand along, semantic project", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00346-00121539-00121756": "unlike the supplementary one by Clarke", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00347-00121756-00122109": "that Sebastian just highlighted and this here,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00348-00122109-00122454": "the statement is actually from their still existing website,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00349-00122454-00122688": "the researchers' website where their main motivation", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00350-00122688-00122946": "for really collecting these things and trying to make", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00351-00122946-00123217": "them public is because no where has the raw material,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00352-00123217-00123386": "the raw data about what took place", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00353-00123490-00123721": "and is publicly available so I think their pursuit", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00354-00123721-00123996": "or their search for a venue and coming across QDR", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00355-00123996-00124267": "and contacting us really came out of that mission", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00356-00124267-00124467": "to get that for themselves.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00357-00124467-00124713": "So what you see there is the name of the depositor,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00358-00124713-00124965": "one of the researchers, Cyanne Loyle, and NIRI", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00359-00125057-00125156": "is the name of the broader collection,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00360-00125255-00125406": "the Northern Ireland Research Initiative", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00361-00125406-00125560": "is the name of the team behind all this.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00362-00125560-00125952": "The data that they have and that's not yet everything", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00363-00125952-00126228": "that you will see for the projects that they've", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00364-00126228-00126460": "deposited so far, the data that they have in their", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00365-00126460-00126705": "possessions come from eight distinct funds of", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00366-00126705-00126961": "very diverse documents, the vast majority of which", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00367-00126961-00127408": "are contemporaneous testimonials collected by NGO's work", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00368-00127408-00127656": "of human rights, NGO was working in Northern Ireland", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00369-00127656-00127891": "at the time, then they have separate interviews", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00370-00127891-00128092": "conducted by a journalist primarily.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00371-00128092-00128474": "They have event data on violence and other political events,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00372-00128474-00128799": "list of causalities compiled from a variety of sources,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00373-00128886-00129149": "formal governmental documents from Irish and British", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00374-00129149-00129508": "archives and then very large collection of plus articles", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00375-00129601-00129847": "from newspapers at the time.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00376-00129847-00130266": "So we are moving along these categories of documents.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00377-00130266-00130472": "They are interested in potentially depositing everything", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00378-00130472-00130847": "that is not deemed undepositable for copyright", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00379-00130847-00131126": "or other reasons but the first batch that is already", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00380-00131126-00131514": "processed is the contemporaneous testimonials", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00381-00131514-00131724": "collected by one particular human rights organization", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00382-00131724-00132027": "called the Association for Legal Justice, ALJ.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00383-00132027-00132258": "And since we knew from the beginning, from these", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00384-00132258-00132491": "conversations with the researchers that there will be", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00385-00132491-00132860": "more, these batches of documents, we decided to organize", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00386-00132860-00133162": "these projects as a large collection, umbrella collection", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00387-00133162-00133487": "under the NIRI name with several projects.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00388-00133487-00133728": "So this completed one that you see now,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00389-00133728-00134045": "that I'm talking about is the first project under", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00390-00134045-00134308": "this collection and as I said, there will be more.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00391-00134308-00134739": "And even just this first project resulted in close to", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00392-00134739-00135047": "2,000 files, over 1900 files, you can see there.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00393-00135047-00135239": "So in that sense, as Sebastian mentioned,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00394-00135239-00135589": "this is not our typical project in terms of size.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00395-00136008-00136332": "And so obviously it took a long time actually to process", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00396-00136332-00136551": "even those documents that were already digitized", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00397-00136551-00136841": "which is a step that sometimes we need to take that as well", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00398-00136841-00137073": "with other deposits but not in this case.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00399-00137073-00137455": "The other challenge that these documents potentially", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00400-00137455-00137738": "presented were participant challenges, at least at first", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00401-00137738-00138101": "glance. So obviously we talked to the depositor very closely", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00402-00138101-00138589": "about this and they really thought that the degree to", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00403-00138589-00138846": "which the, that the documents needed redaction is quite", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00404-00138846-00139125": "minimal, they really wanted to just not have these", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00405-00139125-00139469": "documents pop up to any idle or curious Googler,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00406-00139469-00139687": "I think is how they put it in one conversation.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00407-00139687-00140031": "So as I'll talk about in a second, there's actually", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00408-00140217-00140488": "interest in making these public, both by the", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00409-00140488-00140702": "human rights organization that originally collected them", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00410-00140702-00141038": "'cause that was their explicit mission at the time", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00411-00141038-00141405": "and then by the researchers who currently hold possession", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00412-00141405-00141623": "of these materials but they still at the same time", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00413-00141623-00141998": "wanted to not make these documents one click away", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00414-00141998-00142306": "from somebody's random search so they really wanted more", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00415-00142306-00142636": "people who are interested from a colleague perspective", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00416-00142636-00142875": "or from a more serious perspective,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00417-00142875-00143076": "to give access to them, to these documents.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00418-00143076-00143338": "So the redactions ended up being fairly minimal.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00419-00143338-00143641": "But really the documents all contained direct identifiers.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00420-00143641-00143918": "They all selected the name of the testimony giver", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00421-00143918-00144102": "and their address so those are the things that the", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00422-00144102-00144327": "depositors asked us to remove and we did that", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00423-00144553-00144833": "manually as you can see here as an example.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00424-00144833-00145216": "Using an Adobe redaction tool and then the more critical", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00425-00145216-00145700": "thing that actually needed to happen in the pursuit of", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00426-00145700-00146200": "somewhat greater, I don't know, confidentiality to some", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00427-00146216-00146436": "degree is to divise the new naming convention for the files", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00428-00146436-00146745": "because they originally came to us with the files", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00429-00146745-00147002": "being named after the person giving the testimony", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00430-00147002-00147197": "so clearly that wasn't gonna work.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00431-00147197-00147423": "So we came up with a different naming convention", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00432-00147423-00147658": "based on the dates when the testimonials waere given", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00433-00147658-00148049": "and some other details so those are two main things", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00434-00148049-00148284": "that we did to address the human participant challenges", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00435-00148284-00148491": "according to the policy instructions.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00436-00148491-00148824": "The other one that we did with them was to provide", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00437-00148824-00149076": "again or inclusion or provide and help them provide", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00438-00149076-00149401": "various additional documentation files which for their", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00439-00149401-00149590": "own purposes, they never needed because everybody on", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00440-00149590-00149990": "the project knew about the context from which", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00441-00149990-00150256": "these things were collected but for the sharing,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00442-00150256-00150459": "we felt this was really important to create greater", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00443-00150459-00150740": "customization of the project so one thing that we did", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00444-00150740-00150964": "and that now appears as a documentation file", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00445-00150964-00151464": "is we drafted for them a text that summarizes", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00446-00151480-00151834": "or that sought explicit permission from the leaders", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00447-00151834-00152276": "of the human rights, NGO, which subsequently", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00448-00152276-00152487": "had been succeeded by different ones but doesn't", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00449-00152487-00152730": "really exist in the same form but they were in touch", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00450-00152730-00153017": "with the original founders who were more than happy", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00451-00153017-00153371": "to provide their explicit permission for use, archiving,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00452-00153371-00153512": "and for the sharing of the statements.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00453-00153512-00153827": "Because as I said, that had been to their admission", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00454-00153827-00153980": "of their NGO back in the 70s.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00455-00153980-00154390": "Then we offered the template for a data overview", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00456-00154390-00154679": "similar to the one that we actually talked about with Clarke", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00457-00154679-00154856": "that described the provenance, and how these", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00458-00154856-00155219": "documents came into the researchers possessions and so on.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00459-00155219-00155547": "And then because we did a variety of things such as the", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00460-00155547-00155805": "redactions that I showed and reorganization of the files", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00461-00155805-00156278": "and so on, that are a little bit out of the everyday", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00462-00156469-00156932": "curation or general curation that Sebastian talked about", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00463-00156932-00157201": "so we described those in a separate processing note", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00464-00157293-00157571": "that appears also as part of the documentation.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00465-00157571-00157917": "We also worked with a depositor on their data inventory", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00466-00157917-00158082": "and that's very common, actually.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00467-00158082-00158511": "We find that that's a good way to present sort of a one", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00468-00158511-00158910": "file snapshot of rich, diverse project with numerous files.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00469-00158910-00159194": "In this case, however, the data inventory is", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00470-00159194-00159514": "and that's unusual for a QDR project but we decided", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00471-00159514-00160014": "not to make it public because it had been a document", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00472-00160039-00160539": "that already existed for the researchers' own purposes", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00473-00160572-00161072": "which we extended on and made various additions to", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00474-00161093-00161364": "again, in order to document how we do data cleaning", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00475-00161364-00161559": "essentially for these qualitative data,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00476-00161676-00161993": "removing and unbatching randomly batched documents,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00477-00161993-00162221": "anybody's who's worked with data knows these things happen", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00478-00162221-00162472": "and so we did a lot of that clean up and documented", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00479-00162472-00162862": "in the spreadsheet, however, the first column", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00480-00162862-00163161": "remains the original name retained people's,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00481-00163161-00163457": "the testimony giver's name and so after some back", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00482-00163457-00163689": "and forth discussions, we decided that even though", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00483-00163689-00163947": "the depositor had great use for this document,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00484-00163947-00164238": "they can cross reference and find their documents again,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00485-00164238-00164507": "it really, without that column, we could've removed it", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00486-00164507-00164912": "but without that column, it didn't really add a whole lot", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00487-00164912-00165088": "for any secondary uses so we decided we're just", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00488-00165088-00165365": "not gonna publish it so this is not a inventory", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00489-00165365-00165619": "that became part of the project but it is one that", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00490-00165619-00165982": "we spent some fair amount of time working on and documenting.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00491-00165982-00166337": "So as you can imagine all of this works in various", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00492-00166337-00166590": "instances that you just heard about from these two", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00493-00166590-00167001": "examples takes time, does not come cheap.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00494-00167001-00167267": "So Sebastian's gonna talk a little bit about", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00495-00167267-00167664": "where our sustainability is going and where our", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00496-00167664-00167902": "institution model is about.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00497-00168433-00168644": "- [Sebastian] So institutional membership was", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00498-00168644-00169084": "part of QDR's sustainability model from its origins", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00499-00169084-00169457": "which go back to I think the early 2010s", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00500-00169609-00170109": "and the original idea was a pay for access sort of model.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00501-00170115-00170577": "So you need institutional membership in order to access", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00502-00170577-00171077": "shared data. And looking at landscape and trends in data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00503-00171223-00171679": "access requirements, we decided that was not the right", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00504-00171679-00172179": "model for us and for where data repositories should be going", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00505-00172249-00172665": "and so we decided that all data that we have", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00506-00172665-00173165": "have to remain freely accessible to anyone regardless", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00507-00173168-00173476": "of their or their institution's ability to pay.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00508-00173476-00173677": "But that does of course mean that some of the money", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00509-00173677-00174118": "has to come from somewhere and so the basis of the model", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00510-00174118-00174618": "is a depositor pays model, depositor pays for curation", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00511-00174940-00175399": "and long term storage and preservation.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00512-00175399-00175700": "Now that model does have problems, of course.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00513-00175700-00176200": "The first problem is for us, which is that is a very", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00514-00176259-00176568": "irregular income stream, but the other problem is that", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00515-00176791-00177029": "a lot of other researchers don't budget for this", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00516-00177029-00177245": "and if you haven't budgeted for paying for curation", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00517-00177245-00177687": "and a long term preservation, that is a significant", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00518-00177687-00177985": "deterrence to data sharing and will mean that a lot of", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00519-00178210-00178293": "data that could be shared end up not being shared", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00520-00178293-00178397": "and that is of course, a problem.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00521-00178397-00178810": "I should add here, as we talk to potential depositors", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00522-00178810-00179236": "and we do a lot of training as I'm sure a lot of you do,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00523-00179236-00179661": "on data management, you obviously encourage them to", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00524-00179661-00179924": "write such costs into their budgets whether those", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00525-00179924-00180346": "are for us, for ICPSR, for Odom or for any data repository", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00526-00180346-00180773": "but still, what we're seeing is that this", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00527-00180773-00181138": "is still relatively rare. And so institutional membership", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00528-00181138-00181523": "allows us to offer this be in institutional memberships.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00529-00181523-00181813": "Because this is a regular income stream,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00530-00181813-00182313": "heavily discount the per project curation fees", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00531-00182393-00182893": "and they get paid by institutions rather than researchers.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00532-00183010-00183378": "Beyond that though, institutional membership also", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00533-00183378-00183649": "gives us the opportunity to draw on the significant", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00534-00183649-00184064": "expertise that institutions have, both about what data,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00535-00184064-00184412": "about what services they need, about what needs", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00536-00184412-00184912": "improvement and so built into that model is participation", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00537-00184918-00185325": "in governance that allows to draw on that expertise.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00538-00185658-00185867": "So what do institutional members get?", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00539-00185978-00186413": "We provide, I'll show the exact pricing in a minute.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00540-00186413-00186913": "But the basic is that their members or their patrons", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00541-00186985-00187309": "get free curation and preservation for a set of", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00542-00187309-00187608": "standard data projects. We say standard,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00543-00187608-00188104": "So think Clarke rather than the Loyle Myre project", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00544-00188104-00188361": "if you want to deidentify 2,000 files,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00545-00188473-00188726": "we can't do that at the prices I'm gonna show you", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00546-00188726-00188833": "for the time being.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00547-00189091-00189575": "Co-governance as I mentioned; there will be member only", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00548-00189575-00190075": "services, things like individualized data management plan", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00549-00190167-00190590": "consultations, where you feel like repository such as ours", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00550-00190590-00190907": "would be able to provide advice that your maybe", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00551-00190907-00191122": "institution don't have the expertise for,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00552-00191122-00191329": "more training, those sorts of things.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00553-00191421-00191794": "There is an ulterior [altruistic] motive that we hope we can appeal to", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00554-00191794-00192294": "that becoming an institutional member as I think I saw", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00555-00192452-00192832": "at least three or so libraries that already have become", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00556-00192832-00193074": "members as part of the participants.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00557-00193074-00193474": "does contribute to sustain what we obviously believe is", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00558-00193474-00193974": "vital and important, non profit, scholarly infrastructure", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00559-00193996-00194406": "and the way we have set this out, this means that the", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00560-00194406-00194758": "data remains freely available to everyone.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00561-00194901-00195401": "We also don't claim copyright on anything that we archive.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00562-00195506-00195932": "We only obtain a license to reproduce and archive", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00563-00196020-00196374": "so the rights to the data remain with the depositor", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00564-00196374-00196874": "and or their institution. So what does this cost?", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00565-00196929-00197284": "Well for this year, this is a bargain.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00566-00197485-00197761": "The original fee was 500 for the remainder of the academic", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00567-00197761-00198112": "year, we've discounted this to $375", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00568-00198112-00198518": "which is kind of a great trial period price if you want.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00569-00198638-00198912": "And any number of data projects that come in from", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00570-00198912-00199175": "your institution, we'll cover under that.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00571-00199175-00199458": "This is possible because we're still, as I mentioned,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00572-00199458-00199675": "under significant grant funding so this isn't", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00573-00199675-00200175": "our only source of revenue. And then you see going forward,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00574-00200217-00200467": "we'll be offering different tiers depending on the", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00575-00200467-00200816": "amounts of data project that you expect to need curation for", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00576-00200816-00201208": "and the prices will go up until, in 2020,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00577-00201208-00201612": "we expect to be at the regular pricing level", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00578-00201612-00201953": "that would actually allow us to cover our costs.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00579-00202393-00202699": "We would love as many of you as possible to become", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00580-00202699-00203024": "institutional members, of course but institutional", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00581-00203024-00203348": "membership is not a requirement to work with,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00582-00203348-00203703": "be in touch, collaborate with QDR.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00583-00203703-00204018": "We'd love for everyone of you to stay in touch.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00584-00204018-00204238": "Here's our email, our Twitter account.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00585-00204238-00204454": "We regularly write about things that we do,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00586-00204454-00204777": "new data, new initiatives, etc., on our blog.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00587-00204777-00205098": "We'd love to hear from you if you're interested in", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00588-00205098-00205418": "pricing for larger individual projects,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00589-00205418-00205764": "if you have something that you might want to collaborate on", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00590-00205764-00206085": "with the domain repositories or really any other questions", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00591-00206085-00206575": "or concerns that you have related to qualitative or", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00592-00206575-00206975": "multi method social science data which brings us to the", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00593-00206975-00207469": "end of our preservation, uh, presentation, see the preservation is in our", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00594-00207469-00207969": "blood and we purposefully left a good amount of time", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00595-00208050-00208496": "for questions, the easiest is if you just put them", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00596-00208621-00208981": "in the chat and we'll wait a couple of minutes and see", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00597-00208981-00209481": "if anything comes up and then start that conversation.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00598-00210455-00210844": "So Marjorie asks, can we enter at the lowest tier", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00599-00210844-00211134": "and then move up as we have more things we want to deposit.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00600-00211667-00211805": "Let me go back to this, right.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00601-00211805-00211991": "So this year, this doesn't apply.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00602-00211991-00212405": "But for the following years, I imagine that's the case, yes.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00603-00212405-00212905": "Which disciplines are represented in QDR?", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00604-00212957-00213429": "So QDR has a very interesting origin story in that", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00605-00213594-00213928": "its original funding came from NSF's political science", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00606-00213928-00214232": "division so we are very political science heavy", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00607-00214232-00214669": "in our original data collections, but we've made great", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00608-00214669-00215069": "strides in diversifying so we have now a good amount", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00609-00215069-00215438": "actually of public health data which is very interesting.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00610-00215438-00215938": "We have some education data, we have some anthropology.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00611-00216066-00216463": "I think we have some sociology.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00612-00216463-00216963": "And I think that's currently what we have.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00613-00217281-00217781": "But yeah, so essentially across the social sciences", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00614-00217984-00218376": "and a diversifying portfolio.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00615-00219278-00219491": "Yes, so this is an important question.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00616-00219491-00219896": "QDR is a US based institution that falls under US law", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00617-00219896-00220182": "so Marjorie asked where our servers are located.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00618-00220323-00220688": "So our servers and back ups are all in the US", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00619-00220688-00221163": "which does mean we fall under US laws which thus", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00620-00221163-00221663": "posed some concerns depending on which country you are in", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00621-00221721-00222057": "and the respective privacy laws both in EU countries", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00622-00222057-00222557": "and our Canadian neighbors have concerns about sharing", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00623-00222730-00222983": "personally identifiable data with QDR.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00624-00223179-00223481": "I don't think at this point we have any plans for", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00625-00223481-00223925": "moving our servers, so Amazon which", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00626-00223925-00224186": "provides our main storage platform does offer EU data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00627-00224186-00224477": "centers which we could use, but since we still fall under", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00628-00224477-00224977": "US law, I'm not sure how much that would help with", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00629-00225067-00225554": "such concerns. What I would say that in our experience,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00630-00225554-00225940": "a lot of the data that we archive because it's either", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00631-00225940-00226267": "just not human participant data or it is thoroughly", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00632-00226267-00226671": "deidentified would not fall under relevant data protection", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00633-00226671-00227052": "laws so there would be some limits", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00634-00227052-00227433": "but it wouldn't preclude data sharing from the EU or Canada,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00635-00227433-00227731": "and we have data from both the EU", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00636-00227731-00227921": "and Canada actually in the repository.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00637-00228554-00228741": "- [Dessi] While we're waiting to see if there are", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00638-00228741-00229027": "other questions, I wanted to go back to Shona Hunt's", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00639-00229027-00229305": "question about the discipline so Sebastian told you", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00640-00229305-00229637": "some of the additions beyond political science,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00641-00229637-00229828": "more recently that we've gotten.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00642-00229828-00230328": "We do also have, think of the social science very broadly.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00643-00230341-00230525": "That's what really amounts to the space.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00644-00230525-00230826": "So there's things from an environmental science that", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00645-00230826-00231248": "have come to us, currently, we are in conversation", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00646-00231248-00231465": "with people from the Humanitan's department.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00647-00231465-00231761": "So we are very open to working with researchers", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00648-00231761-00232192": "for a wide, wide variety of  relevant disciplines", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00649-00232192-00232665": "even if they're not firmly listed in their University's", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00650-00232665-00232850": "catalog under the social sciences.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00651-00232970-00233250": "So I want to, if you yourself are a researcher or have", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00652-00233250-00233691": "patrons of your institution that may be interested in", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00653-00233691-00234000": "balancing some materials but are not sure if they're", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00654-00234000-00234188": "exactly social scientists, send them our way.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00655-00234188-00234417": "We'll be happy to discuss and access together.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00656-00235889-00236057": "- [Sebastian] So while I see people typing,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00657-00236057-00236405": "one question that we've been getting before this", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00658-00236405-00236905": "is about whether institutional repositories would be", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00659-00237027-00237462": "able to hold mirror copies of data on QDR", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00660-00237462-00237758": "and as I.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00661-00238053-00238274": "There goes our presentation.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00662-00238274-00238484": "As I mentioned, we don't take over copyrights", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00663-00238484-00238733": "so any rights remains with the repositor", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00664-00238733-00239150": "and they can absolutely agree to having their copies stored", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00665-00239150-00239633": "in IRs, and I think that can be very interesting model.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00666-00239758-00240178": "The conversation that we need to, we'd need to have", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00667-00240401-00240792": "is about what makes logistical sense, how do we link the", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00668-00240792-00241125": "data so that they don't appear twice in data catalogs, that", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00669-00241125-00241451": "there aren't two authoritative copies, those sorts", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00670-00241451-00241730": "of things that. So, we wanna make sure that the meta data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00671-00241730-00241908": "and the cross linking's well aligned.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00672-00241908-00242043": "But that's something we do.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00673-00242136-00242386": "Emily asks what kind of standards or guidelines", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00674-00242386-00242659": "do you have for deidentification do you follow?", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00675-00242659-00242997": "We have advice for depositors on our website.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00676-00243164-00243646": "The general rule is that we give guidance on", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00677-00243646-00244146": "deidentification and we can help with it but we do reviews.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00678-00244296-00244606": "But the ultimate responsibility remains with depositors.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00679-00244606-00244850": "The reason for this is deidentification is", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00680-00244850-00245053": "often highly contextual.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00681-00245053-00245553": "What is reidentifiable really depends on local context", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00682-00245666-00246002": "and local context that only researchers that", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00683-00246502-00246855": "know the local conditions are able to properly assess.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00684-00246855-00247117": "So we do have kind of things we look for", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00685-00247117-00247563": "and a very close eye in some training in going through this.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00686-00247680-00248046": "But we do not take ultimate responsibility", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00687-00248046-00248326": "so this is a dialogue with depositors.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00688-00248326-00248586": "Depositors show us what they think, we go through it", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00689-00248586-00249045": "and flag some additional things, like this combination of", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00690-00249045-00249328": "dates and locals that you provide is probably too", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00691-00249328-00249513": "disclosive --  those sorts of things.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00692-00249905-00250361": "So we don't use particular frameworks", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00693-00250361-00250487": "other than what's listed on our site.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00694-00250487-00250815": "STEP is not really a deidentification frameworks.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00695-00250815-00251226": "STEP is specifically for analyzing social media data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00696-00251226-00251707": "and how that can be shared but, how do we deidentify again", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00697-00252067-00252430": "depends on the media that we get.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00698-00252430-00252889": "We prefer deidentification directly in the text", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00699-00252889-00253226": "so we prefer for people to do this in the Word document,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00700-00253342-00253842": "to use pseudonyms rather than blacking out,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00701-00253866-00254135": "all those sorts of things and this is really", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00702-00254135-00254436": "in line with what comparable repositories do.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00703-00254436-00254730": "We're taking a lot of this from the guidelines", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00704-00254730-00255027": "that UK Data, who have been doing this for what,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00705-00255027-00255438": "20 years almost, more than 20 years have established.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00706-00255530-00255864": "So with that, did I cover it Dessi?", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00707-00256473-00256556": "Yeah, great question.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00708-00257542-00257667": "How long do you keep the data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00709-00257667-00257997": "and what makes QDR different from ICPSR?", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00710-00258112-00258612": "So our formal commitment is for 25 years.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00711-00258787-00259273": "We pay for a long term storage via the Digital", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00712-00259273-00259773": "Preservation Network. We hope indefinitely.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00713-00260117-00260617": "And such as like every data repository that doesn't do", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00714-00260706-00261146": "super large data sets hopes for indefinite retention", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00715-00261146-00261291": "so that's certainly the goal.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00716-00261403-00261903": "The difference from ICPSR is really one of focus.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00717-00261916-00262244": "While ICPSR does take qualitative and multi method data,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00718-00262244-00262497": "really their bread and butter is the amazing work", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00719-00262497-00262930": "that they do with survey quantitative data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00720-00262930-00263189": "and if people approach us with such data,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00721-00263284-00263677": "we would typically point them to ICPSR because", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00722-00263677-00264011": "while we are able to do some curation on standard", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00723-00264011-00264489": "quantitative data sets, there's no way we could do what", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00724-00264489-00264989": "ICPSR is doing in terms of data curation for public", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00725-00265447-00265750": "opinion data. On the other hand, we think because", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00726-00265750-00266121": "we really think about nothing other than qualitative data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00727-00266121-00266344": "because we're run by qualitative researchers,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00728-00266344-00266844": "both of our directors are active, qualitative researchers.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00729-00266869-00267369": "Dessi and I are practicing qualitative social scientists.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00730-00267581-00267918": "That puts us in a unique position to understand the needs,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00731-00267918-00268189": "requirements and approaches of qualitative researchers.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00732-00268189-00268570": "So I think that's what makes QDR different from, say ICPSR.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00733-00268835-00269169": "So Gail asks you provide any self archiving services?", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00734-00269259-00269378": "No, there's two reasons for that.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00735-00269378-00269798": "One, it's a crowded field, there's Zenodo, there's Figshare,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00736-00269798-00270118": "there's Harvard Dataverse so you have all sorts of self", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00737-00270118-00270507": "open ICPSR and there's all sorts of self archiving services", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00738-00270507-00270707": "and for small institutions such as ours,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00739-00270797-00271231": "we really wouldn't have a good way to compete in that space.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00740-00271231-00271592": "The other reason, though, is that we find qualitative researchers", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00741-00271592-00271812": "are often not well equipped to share data", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00742-00271812-00272230": "so we do a lot of hand holding and between us,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00743-00272230-00272656": "we also prevent a fair amount of small disasters", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00744-00272656-00273135": "so we frequently and we're  actually planning to publish", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00745-00273135-00273595": "about this, not infrequently approached that wanna share", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00746-00273595-00274095": "data that we feel would be absolutely unethical to share", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00747-00274469-00274818": "where people have, for example, promised to never share", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00748-00274818-00275113": "the data outside their research team and their informed", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00749-00275113-00275285": "consent script, and we have to say no.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00750-00275285-00275479": "That's devastating for data repository", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00751-00275479-00275979": "but you see playing that role in keeping data sharing safe", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00752-00276028-00276284": "is one of our key functions and that's the other reason", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00753-00276284-00276776": "why we believe curated data sharing is so important", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00754-00276776-00277094": "and particular for qualitative social science", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00755-00277184-00277296": "where data sharing has less of a tradition.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00756-00277296-00277441": "It's a great question though.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00757-00277945-00278190": "We could take one more question but I think we've also", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00758-00278190-00278690": "kind of gotten a really nice set of questions", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00759-00278721-00278984": "about the different aspects of what we do.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00760-00278984-00279208": "I'm seeing one more person typing.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00761-00281279-00281592": "Alright, how will this recording of this session be shared?", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00762-00281592-00282022": "Good final question, so we'll share this two ways.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00763-00282022-00282467": "We'll send, we'll put it on YouTube with a CC-BY license.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00764-00282467-00282967": "And we'll write a very brief blog post", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00765-00282996-00283375": "so you can find it on our blog and we'll send all of you", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00766-00283375-00283747": "a quick follow up email through Eventbrite that", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00767-00283747-00284060": "includes the link so and we'll put in on our Twitter feed.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00768-00284060-00284560": "So you won't be able to miss it, is the answer.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00769-00284779-00284935": "Alright, if you have any other", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00770-00285041-00285155": "questions, please be in touch.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00771-00285943-00286225": "The questions on the standard project,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00772-00286225-00286701": "we assign that with about up to 20 hours of assessed", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00773-00286701-00287056": "curation work so that's the quick answer on that.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00774-00287056-00287424": "And if you want more details on this,", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00775-00287424-00287734": "we're happy to follow up with you by email.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00776-00287734-00287948": "Thank you Emily and thank you so much everyone", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00777-00287948-00288249": "for attending and we look forward to hearing from you.", "4JWIMOlYOE0-00778-00289097-00289294": "Stop the recording here."}}, {"audio_id": "4KdExNYeNTY", "text": {"4KdExNYeNTY-00000-00000000-00000205": "-I have a friend who hang out with me all the time #Mijoo's BF", "4KdExNYeNTY-00001-00000205-00000348": "-Maybe I like princesses #Conneciton with princesses", "4KdExNYeNTY-00002-00000348-00000605": "-Hi, it's Mijoo here", "4KdExNYeNTY-00003-00000605-00000782": "-Do you know where I am?", "4KdExNYeNTY-00004-00000782-00001166": "-I am at a photo shoot for Marie Claire", "4KdExNYeNTY-00005-00001166-00001252": "-January 2022", "4KdExNYeNTY-00006-00001252-00001396": "Woaaaaah January 2022", "4KdExNYeNTY-00007-00001396-00001476": "January 2022", "4KdExNYeNTY-00008-00001476-00001716": "-Mijoo's 〈MY 10 FAVORITES〉", "4KdExNYeNTY-00009-00001716-00001913": "-Let's go watch it right away", "4KdExNYeNTY-00010-00002524-00002844": "Ice cream -For the first, I'd like to introduce", "4KdExNYeNTY-00011-00002844-00003091": "-ice cream, my favorite snack", "4KdExNYeNTY-00012-00003091-00003308": "-When I go buy some ice cream", "4KdExNYeNTY-00013-00003308-00003625": "No.1 is Chocolate ice cream🍫 -I choose chocolate ice cream first", "4KdExNYeNTY-00014-00003625-00003832": "-There are so many kinds of chocolate ice cream", "4KdExNYeNTY-00015-00003832-00004135": "-I love them all so much that", "4KdExNYeNTY-00016-00004135-00004359": "-I can not pick one that I don't like", "4KdExNYeNTY-00017-00004359-00004809": "(Chocolate lover♥) -Every snack I take is chocolate since I love it", "4KdExNYeNTY-00018-00004833-00004950": "Surprised because it is so delicious", "4KdExNYeNTY-00019-00004950-00005203": "-The standard of delicious chocolate ice cream is", "4KdExNYeNTY-00020-00005203-00005664": "-I like every type of chocolate except for the too much bitter one", "4KdExNYeNTY-00021-00005664-00005804": "-I think I like thick-textured ones.", "4KdExNYeNTY-00022-00005804-00006164": "What is my favorite character?", "4KdExNYeNTY-00023-00006164-00006371": "-For the second question,", "4KdExNYeNTY-00024-00006371-00006778": "-I really like Shin Chan, so I have a lot of Shin Chan items at home", "4KdExNYeNTY-00025-00006778-00007115": "-Among those, the most portable one is", "4KdExNYeNTY-00026-00007115-00007212": "-this Shin Chan Shin Chan band", "4KdExNYeNTY-00027-00007212-00007395": "-You can use it as an eye patch and hairband Shin Chan band", "4KdExNYeNTY-00028-00007395-00007662": "-You can use it to cover your eyes when you sleep", "4KdExNYeNTY-00029-00007662-00007949": "-and you can use it to put your hair up when you wash your face", "4KdExNYeNTY-00030-00007949-00008353": "-So I brought this multi-usage", "4KdExNYeNTY-00031-00008373-00008516": "-Is... is that a chocolate..?", "4KdExNYeNTY-00032-00008516-00008563": "-Shin Chan hairband/eye patch", "4KdExNYeNTY-00033-00008563-00008810": "1+1 effect -Shin Chan hairband/eye patch", "4KdExNYeNTY-00034-00008810-00009014": "-The reason why I like Shin Chan is", "4KdExNYeNTY-00035-00009014-00009237": "-Actually, there are lots of wise sayings", "4KdExNYeNTY-00036-00009237-00009594": "-in Shin Chan as well as it heals me", "4KdExNYeNTY-00037-00009594-00009938": "What is my favorite stuff?", "4KdExNYeNTY-00038-00009938-00010191": "-For the third question, since it is winter,", "4KdExNYeNTY-00039-00010191-00010548": "-I have a friend that sticks with me even it's not winter", "4KdExNYeNTY-00040-00010548-00010815": "-This blanket is it A blanket", "4KdExNYeNTY-00041-00010815-00011039": "-I take this blanket every schedule I go", "4KdExNYeNTY-00042-00011039-00011259": "-and cover myself with it always", "4KdExNYeNTY-00043-00011259-00011616": "-This blanket is the essential item in the car", "4KdExNYeNTY-00044-00011616-00011920": "-Since I am very sensitive to cold,", "4KdExNYeNTY-00045-00011920-00012120": "-without this blanket,", "4KdExNYeNTY-00046-00012120-00012560": "-I feel my body gets stiff", "4KdExNYeNTY-00047-00012560-00012791": "-so I take this all the time", "4KdExNYeNTY-00048-00012797-00012874": "-My friend🤍", "4KdExNYeNTY-00049-00012874-00013021": "-The fourth one is", "4KdExNYeNTY-00050-00013031-00013164": "Nomnom", "4KdExNYeNTY-00051-00013164-00013261": "-Eating this ♡Loves Chocolate♡", "4KdExNYeNTY-00052-00013261-00013618": "-I am a homebody,", "4KdExNYeNTY-00053-00013618-00013758": "-and I watch TV a lot.", "4KdExNYeNTY-00054-00013758-00013999": "-But since I can't bring a TV here", "4KdExNYeNTY-00055-00013999-00014356": "-so I brought a remote control", "4KdExNYeNTY-00056-00014356-00014559": "-I changed my TV a little while ago,", "4KdExNYeNTY-00057-00014559-00014886": "I can watch <Netflix>, <Disney +>,  and <YouTube> with it", "4KdExNYeNTY-00058-00014886-00015246": "-so I really enjoy watching TV these days", "4KdExNYeNTY-00059-00015246-00015577": "-Because TV is too big to bring here", "4KdExNYeNTY-00060-00015577-00015797": "-I thought to bringing this", "4KdExNYeNTY-00061-00015797-00015874": "-remote control instead", "4KdExNYeNTY-00062-00015874-00016194": "-I watch TV with this remote control in my hand at home", "4KdExNYeNTY-00063-00016194-00016574": "-So this is one of the things with lots of my fingerprints", "4KdExNYeNTY-00064-00016574-00016624": "-I watch what I watched before again", "4KdExNYeNTY-00065-00016624-00016855": "Q. What contents are you watching these days? -what I watched before again", "4KdExNYeNTY-00066-00016855-00017095": "Guardian: The Lonely and Great God / Source: tvN -I am watching <Guardian> again these days", "4KdExNYeNTY-00067-00017095-00017372": "Professional binge-watcher Hospital Playlist / Source: tvN -I am also watching <Hospital Playlist> again...", "4KdExNYeNTY-00068-00017372-00017896": "-I also like Disney, so I watched <Cinderella> movie again", "4KdExNYeNTY-00069-00017896-00018156": "-Wait Snow White T-shirt", "4KdExNYeNTY-00070-00018156-00018406": "Snow White T-shirt -I don't know... (laugh) Why is this here?", "4KdExNYeNTY-00071-00018406-00018553": "👑Princess Mijoo👑 -Maybe I like princesses", "4KdExNYeNTY-00072-00018553-00018933": "-What is my favorite music?", "4KdExNYeNTY-00073-00018933-00019180": "-One of my hobbies is", "4KdExNYeNTY-00074-00019180-00019374": "-listening to music", "4KdExNYeNTY-00075-00019374-00019597": "-I like listening to music in the car", "4KdExNYeNTY-00076-00019597-00019841": "-This earphone is like my other self", "4KdExNYeNTY-00077-00019841-00020101": "My Favorites item A pair of earphone -This earphone is like my other self", "4KdExNYeNTY-00078-00020101-00020729": "-Without this earphone, I feel empty and not comfortable when I go for a schedule", "4KdExNYeNTY-00079-00020729-00021122": "-Listening to music makes my day joyful", "4KdExNYeNTY-00080-00021122-00021413": "-and deals with my feeling well", "4KdExNYeNTY-00081-00021413-00021680": "Galaxy Buds earphone -So I brought this earphone making me listen to music", "4KdExNYeNTY-00082-00021680-00021890": "-So I brought this earphone making me listen to music", "4KdExNYeNTY-00083-00021906-00022057": "Q. What songs do you usually listen to?", "4KdExNYeNTY-00084-00022057-00022123": "Q. What songs do you usually listen to? Pop...?", "4KdExNYeNTY-00085-00022123-00022203": "Her manager making a signal", "4KdExNYeNTY-00086-00022203-00022300": "(Signal accepted)", "4KdExNYeNTY-00087-00022300-00022620": "(Unctuous)(Unctuous) -I came here listening to", "4KdExNYeNTY-00088-00022634-00022947": "-\"Hello Antenna, Hello Christmas\"", "4KdExNYeNTY-00089-00022947-00023141": "-this music from Antenna", "4KdExNYeNTY-00090-00023141-00023491": "-Every singer joined this song is all so exceptional", "4KdExNYeNTY-00091-00023491-00023618": "-so I think you also will enjoy this song", "4KdExNYeNTY-00092-00023618-00023762": "Antenna/Promotion fairy -I hope you guys enjoy this song a lot", "4KdExNYeNTY-00093-00023762-00023898": "Antenna/Promotion fairy -Thank you♥", "4KdExNYeNTY-00094-00023898-00024175": "-For the sixth one, I have dry skin", "4KdExNYeNTY-00095-00024175-00024509": "-So this is my essential and precious item", "4KdExNYeNTY-00096-00024509-00024622": "A body lotion -It is a body lotion", "4KdExNYeNTY-00097-00024622-00024993": "-Since it is especially dry, and my skin peels in winter,", "4KdExNYeNTY-00098-00024993-00025173": "Mijoo's must-have item/Pure Seduction, a body lotion from Victoria Secret -I carry this in my bag all the time", "4KdExNYeNTY-00099-00025173-00025367": "Mijoo's must-have item/Pure Seduction, a body lotion from Victoria Secret -So I brought this item to show you", "4KdExNYeNTY-00100-00025367-00025994": "-It has some fresh and sweet scent", "4KdExNYeNTY-00101-00025994-00026294": "What is my favorite snack?", "4KdExNYeNTY-00102-00026294-00026758": "-One of the snacks I ate a lot these days", "4KdExNYeNTY-00103-00026758-00026908": "Corn Chi -Is Corn Chi", "4KdExNYeNTY-00104-00026908-00027188": "-When I was a trainee, I always picked Corn Chi", "4KdExNYeNTY-00105-00027188-00027375": "-every time I go to the mart", "4KdExNYeNTY-00106-00027375-00027615": "-I found Corn Chi at a convenience store a while ago", "4KdExNYeNTY-00107-00027615-00027852": "-So I tried it after a long time", "4KdExNYeNTY-00108-00027852-00027952": "-And it was so delicious", "4KdExNYeNTY-00109-00027952-00028216": "-So I brought this Corn Chi to introduce today", "4KdExNYeNTY-00110-00028219-00028313": "You said that you like chocolate...", "4KdExNYeNTY-00111-00028313-00028476": "-This one is a kind of chocolate (?)", "4KdExNYeNTY-00112-00028476-00028697": "-See, there is cheese on it like chocolate(?)", "4KdExNYeNTY-00113-00028697-00028777": "-You know what I'm saying, right?", "4KdExNYeNTY-00114-00028783-00029074": "-Maybe it is not chocolate😂", "4KdExNYeNTY-00115-00029074-00029401": "(Awkward) (Awkward) -But I like this among the snacks", "4KdExNYeNTY-00116-00029401-00029571": "-But I like this among the snacks", "4KdExNYeNTY-00117-00029571-00029711": "-I also like Corn Cho", "4KdExNYeNTY-00118-00029711-00029824": "💛Corn Chi -I like Corn Chi and Corn Cho", "4KdExNYeNTY-00119-00029824-00029954": "💛Corn Chi and Corn Cho💛 -I like Corn Chi and Corn Cho", "4KdExNYeNTY-00120-00029954-00030095": "The next one is pork belly", "4KdExNYeNTY-00121-00030095-00030305": "Pork belly -The next one is pork belly", "4KdExNYeNTY-00122-00030305-00030625": "Beef vs. Pork belly -If someone asks me which do you prefer between beef and pork belly,", "4KdExNYeNTY-00123-00030625-00030722": "Beef vs. Pork belly -I always pick pork belly", "4KdExNYeNTY-00124-00030722-00030942": "Pork belly/Pork belly -I really love pork belly", "4KdExNYeNTY-00125-00030942-00031076": "-I think I like meat", "4KdExNYeNTY-00126-00031076-00031363": "-Eating roasted meet with roasted garlic", "4KdExNYeNTY-00127-00031363-00031789": "-My favorite snack when I am on a diet", "4KdExNYeNTY-00128-00031789-00031900": "-is greek yogurt", "4KdExNYeNTY-00129-00031900-00032073": "-It is delicious to add jam", "4KdExNYeNTY-00130-00032073-00032310": "☑ Eating with jam -on greek yogurt", "4KdExNYeNTY-00131-00032310-00032520": "☑ Granola -If you eat granola or chocolate chip with it", "4KdExNYeNTY-00132-00032520-00032867": "☑ Granola ☑ Chocolate Chip -If you eat granola or chocolate chip with it", "4KdExNYeNTY-00133-00032867-00033068": "-If you eat granola or chocolate chip with it", "4KdExNYeNTY-00134-00033068-00033228": "-You can fill the sugar when it's low", "4KdExNYeNTY-00135-00033228-00033481": "-Also you can go on a balanced diet", "4KdExNYeNTY-00136-00033481-00033782": "Greek Yogurt Master🎓 -If you take yogurt, your bowel movement improves", "4KdExNYeNTY-00137-00033782-00034055": "-so you can go bathroom often and well", "4KdExNYeNTY-00138-00034055-00034259": "-If you are on a diet,", "4KdExNYeNTY-00139-00034259-00034516": "-you can enjoy your diet with it", "4KdExNYeNTY-00140-00034516-00034809": "-easily and simply", "4KdExNYeNTY-00141-00034809-00035060": "What is my favorite item?", "4KdExNYeNTY-00142-00035060-00035366": "-As for the last one,", "4KdExNYeNTY-00143-00035366-00035627": "-The thing that I use most often", "4KdExNYeNTY-00144-00035627-00035874": "-And I like the most is", "4KdExNYeNTY-00145-00035874-00036137": "Slippers -This pair of slippers I'm wearing", "4KdExNYeNTY-00146-00036137-00036551": "Comfyness is the best👍 -I don't think there is anything else comfier than this", "4KdExNYeNTY-00147-00036551-00036768": "-I go for a schedule almost every time", "4KdExNYeNTY-00148-00036768-00036961": "-with these slippers on", "4KdExNYeNTY-00149-00036961-00037245": "-These days, my manager told me", "4KdExNYeNTY-00150-00037245-00037472": "-To wear socks at least", "4KdExNYeNTY-00151-00037472-00037659": "Keep warm thoroughly as well! -So I put on socks with slippers", "4KdExNYeNTY-00152-00037659-00037932": "-By far, I've introduced", "4KdExNYeNTY-00153-00037932-00038123": "-my ten favorite things", "4KdExNYeNTY-00154-00038123-00038486": "-Did you guys enjoy the video?", "4KdExNYeNTY-00155-00038486-00038843": "-If there are any other good items,", "4KdExNYeNTY-00156-00038843-00039077": "-I will come back at February issue", "4KdExNYeNTY-00157-00039077-00039364": "-And introduce you to another ten items", "4KdExNYeNTY-00158-00039364-00039567": "-It was Mijoo so far", "4KdExNYeNTY-00159-00039567-00039664": "-Thank you : )", "4KdExNYeNTY-00160-00039750-00039821": "-Everyone,", "4KdExNYeNTY-00161-00039821-00039974": "-Subscribe and like the", "4KdExNYeNTY-00162-00039974-00040081": "-Marie Clairee YouTube", "4KdExNYeNTY-00163-00040081-00040301": "-and turn the notification on, please", "4KdExNYeNTY-00164-00040301-00040482": "-Bye~~~", "4KdExNYeNTY-00165-00040482-00040538": "-I'll go home", "4KdExNYeNTY-00166-00040538-00040640": "Chocolate ice cream🍦 Go back at the exact time with her ice cream! -I'll go home", "4KdExNYeNTY-00167-00040640-00040779": "-Thank you Chocolate ice cream🍦 Go back at the exact time with her ice cream! -I'll go home", "4KdExNYeNTY-00168-00041162-00041366": "editor: Kang, YeSol hair: Kim, EunHee makeup: Park, HyeonAh styling: Kim, BoRa video: Lee, YunJae, Park, SuJin design: Byun, YoungJu", "4KdExNYeNTY-00169-00041683-00042510": "Meet more videos in the Marie Clairee's channel!"}}, {"audio_id": "4Kp4SzzFZDQ", "text": {"4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00000-00000076-00000334": ">> Pressure, Part 2.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00001-00000334-00001284": "So, it's important to understand pressure, because there's many situations where the", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00002-00001284-00001993": "net force that is moving something is the result of a pressure difference.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00003-00001993-00002242": "So, here's a simple example.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00004-00002242-00003197": "We have wind blowing on a sail, and because of the airflow around the sail, we happen", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00005-00003197-00003723": "to build up high pressure on one side of the sail and low pressure on the other side of", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00006-00003723-00003823": "the sail.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00007-00003823-00004580": "So, the amount of force per area on one side is more than on the other side.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00008-00004580-00005305": "That pressure difference means that we have a net force, and that is what moves the sailing", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00009-00005305-00005501": "ship.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00010-00005501-00006023": "Basically, the same thing happens if we think about air resistance.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00011-00006023-00006544": "So, we have an object moving through air.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00012-00006544-00007458": "The motion builds up high pressure on one side, and in the wake, low pressure develops.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00013-00007458-00008286": "It's that difference of pressure that results in the air resistance force.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00014-00008286-00009171": "Another example is Buoyancy, the buoyant force that floats objects or that causes objects", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00015-00009171-00009958": "that are low density to be pushed up to the surface of the water, say.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00016-00009958-00010145": "That's due to pressure differences.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00017-00010145-00010839": "So, we know that the deeper we go in a fluid, the higher the pressure due to the weight", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00018-00010839-00011100": "of the fluid above.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00019-00011100-00011735": "So, it's natural that we have these pressure differences, and these pressure differences", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00020-00011735-00012133": "result in a net force.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00021-00012133-00012823": "Yet one more example, which we'll look at in more detail in another tutorial, is aerodynamic", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00022-00012823-00012923": "lift.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00023-00012923-00013970": "So, in this case, the airflow around a wing is different on the top of the wing compared", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00024-00013970-00014129": "to the bottom of the wing.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00025-00014129-00014406": "This results in pressure difference.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00026-00014406-00015180": "As I said, we'll look more carefully at that in another tutorial how the pressure difference", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00027-00015180-00015515": "results from.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00028-00015515-00016143": "But given that there's a pressure difference, we have a net force, and that's the aerodynamic", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00029-00016143-00016382": "lift.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00030-00016382-00016881": "Now, we could ask, how does pressure change.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00031-00016881-00017787": "Well, one of the ways that pressure changes in a gas is, if we compress a gas, the pressure", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00032-00017787-00018728": "is going to increase and, conversely, if the gas expands, then the pressure decreases.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00033-00018728-00019100": "This is known as Boyle's Law.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00034-00019100-00019440": "Let's look at an example of that.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00035-00019440-00020454": "So here, you see a pressure gauge, and I'm compressing, by pressing in the syringe.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00036-00020454-00021109": "And so, now the gas in the tank, they is under higher pressure.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00037-00021109-00021888": "And if I go back and reduce the volume back to where we started, the pressure goes back", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00038-00021888-00022309": "to where we started.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00039-00022309-00022646": "Here's another example.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00040-00022646-00023070": "We take some of these peeps, which are like marshmallows.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00041-00023070-00024838": "They have lots of air pockets in them and we're going to place one into a vacuum chamber.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00042-00024838-00026231": "And we're going to release the vacuum.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00043-00026231-00026331": "Just let the air back in.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00044-00026331-00027486": "So, before the vacuum pump is turned on, the peep is surrounded by air at normal atmospheric", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00045-00027486-00027586": "pressure.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00046-00027586-00028344": "After turning on the vacuum pump, the chamber goes to very low pressure.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00047-00028344-00029123": "The peep is filled with air pockets, and so now the pressure is decreased.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00048-00029123-00030169": "And so, the air in those pockets expands, and so, the peep grows very large.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00049-00030169-00031033": "In that process, some of those air pockets start to burst so that, when we turn off the", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00050-00031033-00031970": "vacuum pump and let the air return to normal atmospheric pressure, now the peep is collapsed,", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00051-00031970-00032427": "because many of the air pockets burst.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00052-00032427-00033494": "This was used as sort of a plot device in the conclusion of \"Total Recall,\" where, because", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00053-00033494-00034473": "the pressure on Mars is very low, when the characters are exposed to the Martian atmosphere", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00054-00034473-00034953": "without spacesuits, they swell up like the peeps.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00055-00034953-00035556": "I'm not sure this is totally biologically accurate, but it was convincing enough to", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00056-00035556-00035842": "make the movie successful.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00057-00035842-00036746": "Now, a more practical example of Boyle's Law is breathing.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00058-00036746-00037610": "So, in order to draw air into our lungs, we increase the volume.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00059-00037610-00037742": "That lowers the pressure.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00060-00037742-00038501": "And then, there's a pressure difference, lower pressure inside of our lungs, and so, air", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00061-00038501-00038664": "is drawn in.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00062-00038664-00039561": "And then the reverse happens, when we compress the lungs, then that increase of the pressure,", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00063-00039561-00040513": "that higher pressure inside the lungs causes air to move out, when we exhale.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00064-00040513-00041090": "A similar thing happens when you drink through a straw.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00065-00041090-00041591": "So, you use your lungs, to reduce the pressure inside the straw.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00066-00041591-00042114": "Outside, the pressure is normal atmospheric pressure.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00067-00042114-00042357": "So, now we have a pressure difference.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00068-00042357-00043252": "That pressure difference pushes down on the liquid outside of the straw and draws liquid", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00069-00043252-00043700": "up the straw.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00070-00043700-00044595": "Let's look at a related example of using pressure difference, like this, in --", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00071-00044595-00044749": ">> Kill it.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00072-00044749-00044993": ">> [Male character] Quite right, my dear.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00073-00044993-00045416": "[Inaudible] It's off to bunny heaven for you, big ears.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00074-00045416-00045544": ">> [Female character] No!", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00075-00045544-00046656": ">>[Prof. Garcia] So, in this case, the rabbit, a rabbit is drawn in the hole, it's moving", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00076-00046656-00046808": "and...", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00077-00046808-00046959": "[ Music ]", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00078-00046959-00047604": "...at this point, the rabbit has been...", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00079-00047604-00047863": ">> [Exterminator]...sucker, 'ey, Gromit?", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00080-00047863-00048006": "The BunVac 6000.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00081-00048006-00048600": ">> [Prof. Garcia] So the rabbit's been pulled into this vacuum cleaner.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00082-00048600-00048772": ">> ...her ladyship.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00083-00048772-00049028": ">> I don't understand.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00084-00049028-00049337": ">> Of course, that seems absurd.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00085-00049337-00050140": "But interestingly enough, it's actually not only possible, but is used to capture prairie", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00086-00050140-00050240": "dogs.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00087-00050240-00050459": "So, let's look at a quick video of that.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00088-00050459-00050655": ">> [Narractor]...all dug up in three days.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00089-00050655-00051012": ">> But how could Gay catch the prairie dogs without harming them...", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00090-00051012-00051184": ">> [Prof. Garcia] So, here we see...", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00091-00051184-00051652": ">> [Narrator] His solution: converting an old sanitation vacuum truck that he padded", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00092-00051652-00052237": "on the inside with thick cushions to be absolutely sure the little guys land safely.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00093-00052237-00052705": ">> [Gay] We worked 45 minutes and caught 23 prairie dogs with it.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00094-00052705-00053220": ">> Today Gay is working to move a colony of prairie dogs from this empty lot...", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00095-00053220-00053570": ">> [Prof. Garcia] So, here they are, the prairie dogs.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00096-00053570-00053725": "They live in burrows, somewhat similar to rabbits.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00097-00053725-00053959": ">> [Narrator] Then inserts the vacuum tube into the hole, and the machine is turned on.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00098-00053959-00054629": "Although the wind speed in the tube is an estimated 200 to 300 miles an hour, the weight", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00099-00054629-00056154": "of the prairie dogs slows them down through the tunnel to a rate of only five miles an", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00100-00056154-00056379": "hour: a speed that guarantees the animals will not be hurt.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00101-00056379-00056779": ">> [Prof. Garcia] Here, you see, there you see the prairie dogs are being thrown into", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00102-00056779-00057544": "the bed of the, inside the truck.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00103-00057544-00058454": "Then they take the prairie dogs, dust them for fleas, put them in the trailer and move", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00104-00058454-00058780": "them to another location.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00105-00058780-00059391": "Since, wherever they were captured, you're not allowed to kill them, but you are allowed", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00106-00059391-00059687": "to move them.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00107-00059687-00060646": "So, just getting back to understanding what's going on here, as with any vacuum cleaner,", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00108-00060646-00061842": "this prairie dog vacuum, or the one in Wallace and Gromit, produces low pressure on the one", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00109-00061842-00062548": "side, and the it is the presence of atmospheric pressure, on the other side of the prairie", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00110-00062548-00063482": "dog that produces a net force, and it draws the prairie dog -- pushes the prairie dog", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00111-00063482-00063938": "into the truck, where it's captured.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00112-00063938-00064890": "So, in summary, pressure differences lead to a net force, such as air resistance, buoyancy", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00113-00064890-00065227": "and aerodynamic lift.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00114-00065227-00065939": "Boyle's Law says that pressure in a gas increases as the volume is compressed and, conversely,", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00115-00065939-00066499": "pressure in a gas decreases as the volume expands.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00116-00066499-00066880": "Pressure differences can be created by volume changes.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00117-00066880-00067332": "A simple example is when we breathe.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00118-00067332-00068008": "And finally, the net force that draws air and objects, like the rabbits and the prairie", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00119-00068008-00068832": "dogs into a vacuum, is produced by the pressure difference between the vacuum and ambient", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00120-00068832-00068970": "atmospheric pressure.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00121-00068970-00069799": "So, the important point I want you to think is that, it's not the vacuum, which is by", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00122-00069799-00070375": "itself producing some kind of sucking force.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00123-00070375-00071189": "The motion depends on the difference of pressure, so we have to have a higher pressure on the", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00124-00071189-00072026": "other side of the vacuum, so that the pressure difference results in that net force.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00125-00072026-00072468": "Anyway, that's the basics about pressure.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00126-00072468-00073418": "We'll be using that in a number of other examples, especially when we get to effects animation.", "4Kp4SzzFZDQ-00127-00073418-00073537": "So, see you then."}}, {"audio_id": "4KNicrYv48c", "text": {"4KNicrYv48c-00000-00000000-00008650": "Anything to say?"}}, {"audio_id": "4LkoFCClPxg", "text": {"4LkoFCClPxg-00000-00000567-00001130": "Both are fit and athletic and like to start the day with a spurt of exercise", "4LkoFCClPxg-00001-00001247-00001860": "Avid foodie Meghan likes to dine at chic Italian restaurant Bocca di Lupo in Soho", "4LkoFCClPxg-00002-00001977-00002525": "Sources say Prince Harry is partial to some fish pie and beef Wellington", "4LkoFCClPxg-00003-00002642-00003250": "The pair regularly watch Netflix box sets and enjoyed BBC show McMafia", "4LkoFCClPxg-00004-00003367-00003935": "They charmed the crowds in Brixton this week with their second official public engagement", "4LkoFCClPxg-00005-00004052-00004696": "But when not on royal duties, how do Prince Harry and Meghan Markle spend their days?", "4LkoFCClPxg-00006-00004813-00005841": "With four months to go until the wedding, we reveal the couple's daytime routine, from exercise regimes to cosy date nights and their favourite Italian restaurant..", "4LkoFCClPxg-00007-00005958-00007301": "Eating out in trendy Soho  Meghan is an avid foodie and likes to dine at Bocca di Lupo, a chic Italian restaurant in Soho, London, whose celebrity clientele includes actors James McAvoy and Ralph Fiennes", "4LkoFCClPxg-00008-00007418-00008931": "For 'flexitarian' Meghan (she sometimes follows a vegetarian diet), there are plenty of mouth-watering dishes: from truffled radish, celeriac and pomegranate salad (£14) to sea bream carpaccio (£18)", "4LkoFCClPxg-00009-00009048-00010196": "She and Harry regularly return to Dean Street Townhouse, a Georgian-style venue owned by the Soho House group (of which the pair are VIP members), where they had their first date", "4LkoFCClPxg-00010-00010313-00011706": "In the Twenties, Fred Astaire, Noel Coward and Dylan Thomas were guests; today, cocktails - among them a 'Soho Negroni', made from gin, martini and bitters - cost £11 apiece", "4LkoFCClPxg-00011-00011823-00012753": "A few doors down is Soho House, where low-lit dining rooms, a private cinema and fireside snug offer a perfect retreat for the couple", "4LkoFCClPxg-00012-00012869-00014363": "They've also been seen at Little House, another private club in Mayfair, where Meghan brunches on £11 avocado and poached eggs, washed down with a £7.50 'Glow' juice, containing ginger, lime and guava", "4LkoFCClPxg-00013-00014481-00014883": "'They share plates,' says a member approvingly", "4LkoFCClPxg-00014-00015000-00015352": "'The lighting's low and they don't get bothered.'", "4LkoFCClPxg-00015-00015469-00016171": "Yoga and jogging  Both Meghan and Harry are fit and athletic, and like to start the day with exercise", "4LkoFCClPxg-00016-00016288-00017931": "While Harry heads off to the KX Health Club in Chelsea - a gym that costs £575 a month and whose members include actors Eddie Redmayne and Hugh Grant - Meghan prefers running six-mile circuits around Kensington Gardens twice or three times a week", "4LkoFCClPxg-00017-00018048-00019050": "Recently, she has confined her outings to Kensington Palace Green, where she is protected from sightseers by a newly planted screen of hedgerow", "4LkoFCClPxg-00018-00019167-00020253": "She's not thought to have a personal trainer and instead devotes her time to yoga, which she's been practising for several years (her mother, Doria, worked as a yoga teacher)", "4LkoFCClPxg-00019-00020370-00021850": "She's also a fan of workout DVDs, including Tracy Anderson's - a favourite of Gwyneth Paltrow and Kim Kardashian - and Pilates Platinum, an American cardio and strength workout which she credits for her toned limbs and taut abs", "4LkoFCClPxg-00020-00021967-00023300": "Meghan has promised pal Millie Mackintosh, the Made In Chelsea star and Quality Street heiress, she'll attend one of her SBC ('Skinny Bitch Collective') sessions - 'the most exclusive fitness class on the planet'", "4LkoFCClPxg-00021-00023417-00024479": "Invitation-only, the classes are full of supermodels and A-listers, involve high-intensity 'animalistic' exercises and cost about £40 a session.", "4LkoFCClPxg-00022-00024596-00025591": "Beauty rituals  As she prepares for life as a princess, Meghan has been taking time out to pamper herself and ensure she looks her best for every public appearance", "4LkoFCClPxg-00023-00025708-00027252": "Royal sources say her dewy complexion is down to Sarah Chapman, who owns the Skinesis clinic in Sloane Square, London, and counts actresses Naomi Watts, Uma Thurman and supermodels Gigi Hadid and Jourdan Dunn among her devotees", "4LkoFCClPxg-00024-00027369-00028868": "Sarah - whose hands are reportedly insured for £1 million - is a skincare supremo whose treatments include a £220 LED light therapy facial and 60-minute skin resurfacing therapy for £450", "4LkoFCClPxg-00025-00028985-00030412": "There is reportedly a six-month waiting list for her services, but Meghan - who swears by Sarah's £149 Stem Cell Collagen Activator Duo and £44 Ultimate Cleanse - seems to have skipped the queue", "4LkoFCClPxg-00026-00030529-00030801": "She counts on Sherri"}}, {"audio_id": "4Lopg3vGM9k", "text": {"4Lopg3vGM9k-00000-00000051-00001051": "The Clever Little Honey Bee"}}, {"audio_id": "4LoVbip0YPo", "text": {"4LoVbip0YPo-00000-00000320-00000704": "welcome welcome everyone welcome to the bridge builders of diversity", "4LoVbip0YPo-00001-00000704-00001392": "i'm sheri ann this is i'm roberta farda we are here today to talk about one of my favorite topics", "4LoVbip0YPo-00002-00001456-00002032": "recreation and the importance of recreation for our friends with disabilities especially", "4LoVbip0YPo-00003-00002032-00002944": "those in visible disabilities um like and autism uh intellectual disabilities and and", "4LoVbip0YPo-00004-00002944-00003600": "of the like a lot of times we we tend to focus on people with movement issues but", "4LoVbip0YPo-00005-00003600-00004128": "today we're going to talk about everybody and everybody's need for recreation like", "4LoVbip0YPo-00006-00004128-00004752": "sherry what do you like to do in your spare time i like to go hiking um i do the treadmill every", "4LoVbip0YPo-00007-00004752-00005408": "morning i love to be out in nature though that's one of my favorite things to do um my son nathan", "4LoVbip0YPo-00008-00005464-00005928": "does a lot of different activities who has down syndrome but we'll get into that in a few moments", "4LoVbip0YPo-00009-00005928-00006480": "yeah we'll talk about that it's important for everyone to have recreation recreation time", "4LoVbip0YPo-00010-00006480-00007064": "time with your friends time to be outside time to get moving um but it it's something that gets", "4LoVbip0YPo-00011-00007064-00007759": "overlooked a lot when planning the day for kids with disabilities um and especially adults with", "4LoVbip0YPo-00012-00007759-00008408": "disabilities i think what we tend to do is pack their day full and and try to always make things", "4LoVbip0YPo-00013-00008408-00009104": "stimulating and challenging and i know i also like to spend time outside in nature just take", "4LoVbip0YPo-00014-00009104-00009696": "a nice walk in the woods um with my dog but that's not everybody's cup of tea we tend to pick things", "4LoVbip0YPo-00015-00009800-00010400": "that we're good at that are comfortable for us because it's it's recreating it's not working um", "4LoVbip0YPo-00016-00010512-00011096": "so when when we're introducing recreation options to our friends with disabilities we're going to", "4LoVbip0YPo-00017-00011096-00011792": "look look at their their preferences and their likes i know that um i have a couple of friends", "4LoVbip0YPo-00018-00011792-00012392": "that taking them on a walk in the woods would just not be fun for them it would not be well it'd be", "4LoVbip0YPo-00019-00012392-00013176": "recreation for me it would not be recreation for them they prefer to move their bodies to dance and", "4LoVbip0YPo-00020-00013176-00013968": "listen to music and and socialize that way they would prefer to go to a dance party or or play a", "4LoVbip0YPo-00021-00014072-00014640": "a dancing video game so that they could enjoy moving their bodies that way", "4LoVbip0YPo-00022-00014791-00015224": "um in reading i found i came across a really great article", "4LoVbip0YPo-00023-00015288-00015840": "and it's published by the company riften and rift in if you're not familiar is a company that", "4LoVbip0YPo-00024-00015912-00016648": "manufactures adaptive equipment so their target audience are people who work with people with", "4LoVbip0YPo-00025-00016648-00017256": "disabilities but and like the physical therapy occupational therapy end of it and this article", "4LoVbip0YPo-00026-00017256-00017832": "is really great in talking about they don't you know how to pick something that isn't", "4LoVbip0YPo-00027-00017832-00018400": "that is actually recreational for someone but is also going to provide them with the social", "4LoVbip0YPo-00028-00018400-00019128": "connections and the movement benefits and the health benefits of of recreation", "4LoVbip0YPo-00029-00019368-00020088": "i know it's very important you know today we seem to pack all children's days like full of", "4LoVbip0YPo-00030-00020088-00020768": "activities and i remember when my older son was typical was like i just need to relax yeah so", "4LoVbip0YPo-00031-00020768-00021528": "relax for a few minutes it's okay for people to have chill time to be lost in their thoughts or or", "4LoVbip0YPo-00032-00021528-00022032": "do what they need to do listen to music whatever i think that's also an important piece you know", "4LoVbip0YPo-00033-00022088-00022784": "because even today we jam-packed typical kids days and we jam-packed the special needs kids day", "4LoVbip0YPo-00034-00022784-00023176": "sometimes kids just need to relax yeah we're always looking", "4LoVbip0YPo-00035-00023176-00023728": "at building skills and being stimulating and challenging and keeping their", "4LoVbip0YPo-00036-00023728-00024296": "and forget that they're human beings too so they need some down time some time to", "4LoVbip0YPo-00037-00024360-00024888": "like you said be alone with your thoughts or or just do something simple like listen to music", "4LoVbip0YPo-00038-00024888-00025520": "or have a chit chat with a friend maybe free draw or or something like that but they're um", "4LoVbip0YPo-00039-00025727-00026280": "there this article talks about the importance of the social connection and having those", "4LoVbip0YPo-00040-00026280-00026936": "common interests and making making friends through recreation activities but it also talks about the", "4LoVbip0YPo-00041-00026936-00027552": "um the importance of movement activities so if you're if your loved one or the person that you're", "4LoVbip0YPo-00042-00027552-00028224": "working with isn't somebody who likes to get up and move try to incorporate things that they like", "4LoVbip0YPo-00043-00028224-00029024": "into their movement activities like if they don't love to go for walks play some fun upbeat music", "4LoVbip0YPo-00044-00029024-00029488": "while you're going for a walk though you know i'm not a big fan of walking with headphones", "4LoVbip0YPo-00045-00029488-00030272": "on are you um no i like to listen to mother nature i like to hear the birds chirps and the", "4LoVbip0YPo-00046-00030272-00030920": "squirrels and the chick chipmunks rustling through the leaves and the fish the guy running behind me", "4LoVbip0YPo-00047-00030920-00031368": "man the other day i was lost in my thoughts and a guy ran up behind me scared me to death", "4LoVbip0YPo-00048-00031368-00031952": "so well and where i go hiking there's a lot of mountain bikers so you always want to be able", "4LoVbip0YPo-00049-00031952-00032383": "to hear them like coming up on the left you know yeah you want wouldn't have your ears on", "4LoVbip0YPo-00050-00032600-00033288": "so i guess to sum it up and we're going to put a link to this article it's an article from 1998", "4LoVbip0YPo-00051-00033288-00034136": "but i didn't really read anything outdated in it um it does talk about the americans with", "4LoVbip0YPo-00052-00034136-00034888": "disabilities act in 1990 but that hasn't been updated again to the best of my knowledge but um", "4LoVbip0YPo-00053-00034888-00035360": "yeah take a read through this and it talks about like the like i said the benefits of recreation", "4LoVbip0YPo-00054-00035360-00035912": "how it's good for your your physical your mental health and it also helps you um to make some", "4LoVbip0YPo-00055-00035912-00036600": "social connections when you have something in common with someone else especially recreation um", "4LoVbip0YPo-00056-00036736-00037280": "thanks for watching if you make sure you you hit all those notifications i know we're zoomed", "4LoVbip0YPo-00057-00037280-00037848": "today so i don't know if our buttons are at different places but don't forget like share", "4LoVbip0YPo-00058-00038224-00038792": "so you get our weekly videos and we'd love to hear a comment from you if you want to know more", "4LoVbip0YPo-00059-00038792-00039616": "about recreational opportunities for people with disabilities or if you um cover any any", "4LoVbip0YPo-00060-00039616-00040248": "topic on disabilities any topic any disability and we're always looking to learn something new", "4LoVbip0YPo-00061-00040248-00040888": "so we don't mind doing the research you know she's a special education teacher so she has a", "4LoVbip0YPo-00062-00040888-00041320": "broad range of people with disabilities she has dealt with through the years i'm", "4LoVbip0YPo-00063-00041320-00041864": "a mother of a child with down syndrome so i kind of know all things this uh down syndrome", "4LoVbip0YPo-00064-00041976-00042552": "but they're our but i know parents who have like a child with down syndrome who's also", "4LoVbip0YPo-00065-00042552-00043136": "on the spectrum and or who has other health care issues so um you know i have a wealth of", "4LoVbip0YPo-00066-00043136-00043784": "knowledge as well as same with my own son who was a cardiac baby and as well so you", "4LoVbip0YPo-00067-00043784-00044360": "know we cover a lot of different topics so don't forget to like share and subscribe and thank you", "4LoVbip0YPo-00068-00044360-00044984": "thank you for watching um we hope you appreciate this video we appreciate you yes thank you guys"}}, {"audio_id": "4LueLsFyIMI", "text": {"4LueLsFyIMI-00000-00000531-00000993": "THE NAVY'S NEWEST LITTORAL COMBAT SHIP WILL BE COMMISSIONED SATURDAY IN SAN DIEGO.", "4LueLsFyIMI-00001-00000993-00001546": "THE FUTURE USS CORONADO IS THE THIRD NAVY VESSEL TO BE NAMED AFTER THE CITY OF CORONADO.", "4LueLsFyIMI-00002-00001546-00001868": "THE SHIP'S COMMANDING OFFICER TALKED ABOUT GETTING HER READY FOR THE FLEET.", "4LueLsFyIMI-00003-00001868-00002072": "\"I WOULDN'T TRADE THIS JOB FOR ANYTHING IN THE WORLD.", "4LueLsFyIMI-00004-00002072-00002648": "TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR BRINGING A SHIP TO LIFE WITH THE NAMESAKE LIKE CORONADO AND SAN DIEGO", "4LueLsFyIMI-00005-00002648-00003211": "WHETHER IT BE THE BIRTHPLACE OF NAVAL AVIATION, THE HOME OF NAVY SPECIAL WARFARE, THE SURFPAC", "4LueLsFyIMI-00006-00003211-00003797": "HEADQUARTERS IS THERE SO THE ADMIRAL IN CHARGE OF ALL SURFACE SHIPS IS BASED THERE.", "4LueLsFyIMI-00007-00003797-00004323": "FROM A NAVY PERSPECTIVE IT'S VERY SPECIAL, BUT THE COMMUNITY ITSELF IS, THEY'VE BEEN", "4LueLsFyIMI-00008-00004323-00004762": "EAGER TO HAVE US COMMISSIONED FOR THREE YEARS AND THEY ARE CHOMPING AT THE BIT TO PROVIDE", "4LueLsFyIMI-00009-00004762-00005043": "MAXIMUM SUPPORT TO OUR CREW.\"", "4LueLsFyIMI-00010-00005043-00005407": "FROM THE DEFENSE MEDIA ACTIVITY, I'M PETTY OFFICER TYRELL MORRIS."}}, {"audio_id": "4L_Wxy7cIo8", "text": {"4L_Wxy7cIo8-00000-00000000-00000342": "hey guys Carl here and today we're going to be talking about the Sony", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00001-00000342-00001462": "E pz 16 to 50 millimeter F 3.5 to F 5.6 OSS zoom lens that is a mouthful [Music]", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00002-00001938-00002346": "if you're looking for an affordable lens it offers great quality and versatility then", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00003-00002346-00002964": "this is a pretty good lens to to look at 16 to 50 is a really good range and in the 35 millimeter", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00004-00002964-00003665": "equivalent it's going to be about 24 to 70. it is however a variable aperture from F 3.5 to F 5.6", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00005-00003665-00004374": "Let Me Explain real fast what variable aperture is at 16 millimeters it's going to be 3.5 and if you", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00006-00004374-00005004": "zoom into 50 it's going to be F 5.6 your aperture will close in as you zoom in so just remember that", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00007-00005004-00005370": "when you're shooting with this lens that if you're shooting something at F 3.5 and you're properly", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00008-00005370-00005790": "exposed and you really want to zoom into something as soon as you zoom in it's going to become darker", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00009-00005790-00006414": "you will have to compensate for that if you're not shooting at like auto ISO or auto shutter speed or", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00010-00006414-00006840": "something along those lines that will make a big difference but in this video I'm going to discuss", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00011-00006840-00007398": "its features performance and why it may be a good option for you all right first we're gonna go over", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00012-00007398-00007950": "some features of this lens the 16 to 50 millimeter lens is Compact and lightweight and it only weighs", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00013-00007950-00008448": "116 grams definitely one of the biggest things about this lens is just its compact size I mean", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00014-00008448-00009042": "pull of your hand put it on your camera body that's almost pocketable you kidding me it's", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00015-00009042-00009546": "designed specifically for Sony e-mount mirrorless cameras obviously it offers a focal range of 60", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00016-00009546-00010026": "to 50 millimeters which makes it ideal for a wide variety of shooting situations the lens", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00017-00010026-00010584": "has a built-in Optical steady shot OSS technology that reduces camera shake and allows for sharper", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00018-00010584-00011298": "images additionally it has power Zoom feature that enables smooth silent zooming while shooting video", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00019-00011298-00012102": "if I spin this while it's in autofocus it turns it into the zoom ring and then if I take it into", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00020-00012102-00012576": "manual focus it then becomes my focus ring so kind of a cool feature for this lens it automatically", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00021-00012576-00013206": "does that when you switch back and forth and this is that zoom function so you can see as I spin it", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00022-00013613-00014382": "that's controlling the zoom and then if I go to a manual focus mode this then becomes my focus ring", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00023-00014447-00015174": "instead of my zoom ring and on the Sony fx3 fx30 Your Rocker can be your zoom in and out which this", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00024-00015174-00015624": "would be a great lens for your fx30 as it's super compact if you're just looking for something to", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00025-00015624-00016152": "take with you on the road I think it'd be a really good option for that look at this little baby lens", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00026-00016152-00016824": "cap look at that thing it's so tiny the thread on this guy is 40.5 good luck finding a filter", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00027-00016824-00017238": "thread for that guy I haven't looked for one so it might be really easy to find but anyway", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00028-00017334-00017808": "that'd be uh it'll be something definitely to look for now let's talk about some of the performance", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00029-00017808-00018354": "of this lens when it comes to the performance the 16 to 50 millimeter lens offers impressive", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00030-00018354-00018870": "image quality for its price it produces sharp and clear images with accurate colors even in", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00031-00018870-00019254": "low light conditions depending on what camera you're using the lens has a maximum aperture", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00032-00019254-00019920": "of f 3.5 and 5.6 which allows for beautiful bokeh and better low light performance the", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00033-00019920-00020424": "autofocus is quick and accurate which makes it easy to capture sharp images of moving subjects", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00034-00020424-00020844": "I just noticed the whole lens works really well for the price and considering that it", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00035-00020844-00021162": "has you know been banged up a little bit it's got a few little dents in it it just", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00036-00021162-00021642": "works like it's supposed to so that's a big plus for it and then when it comes to price", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00037-00021762-00022290": "you can't beat it that brings us to affordability one of the biggest advantages of the 16 to 50", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00038-00022290-00022812": "millimeter lens is its affordability this lens is one of the most affordable options for Sony email", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00039-00022812-00023340": "mirrorless cameras making an ideal choice for new photographers or those that are on a budget", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00040-00023340-00023874": "even used prices are very reasonable and you can often find this lens for a fraction of the cost to", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00041-00023874-00024378": "its you know more expensive counterparts however don't let the price tag fool you this lens offers", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00042-00024378-00024828": "great quality and versatility that you won't find in many other lenses at this price point", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00043-00024882-00025602": "so in conclusion the Sony 16 to 50 millimeter F 3.5 to 5.6 OSS lens is an excellent choice for", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00044-00025602-00026106": "those looking for a great affordable lens is compact size versatility and impressive", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00045-00026106-00026658": "performance make it an ideal lens for both new and experienced photographers and videographers", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00046-00026718-00027192": "whether you're shooting Landscapes portraits or videos this lens won't disappoint you", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00047-00027192-00027576": "if you're looking for a great affordable lens with great quality the 16 to 50 millimeter", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00048-00027576-00028062": "lens is definitely worth considering so with that said thank you guys so much for watching", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00049-00028062-00028566": "hopefully you guys got something from this make sure to hit that Thumbs Up Button if you like to", "4L_Wxy7cIo8-00050-00028566-00029241": "And subscribe if you haven't already we'll see you guys in the next one cheers foreign [Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "4LIvIPUi1g8", "text": {"4LIvIPUi1g8-00000-00000400-00000900": "THE 2016 FEDS FEED FAMILIES FOOD DRIVE IS NOW ACCEPTING YOUR DONATIONS OF", "4LIvIPUi1g8-00001-00000900-00001334": "NON-PERISHABLE FOOD ITEMS TO HELP THOSE IN NEED. DONATIONS ARE DISTRIBUTED TO", "4LIvIPUi1g8-00002-00001334-00001794": "local food banks where they are used to better serve communities nationwide this", "4LIvIPUi1g8-00003-00001794-00001842": "THIS YEAR,", "4LIvIPUi1g8-00004-00001842-00002243": "YOU CAN ALSO DONATE MONEY. THE DOLLAR TO FOOD CONVERSION RATE IS ONE DOLLAR", "4LIvIPUi1g8-00005-00002243-00002682": "EQUALS FIVE POUNDS OF FOOD. THE FOOD DRIVE IS SCHEDULED TO RUN UNTIL AUGUST 31, 2016.", "4LIvIPUi1g8-00006-00002682-00003279": "READ NAVADMIN 138/16 FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THE FOOD DRIVE", "4LIvIPUi1g8-00007-00003279-00003543": "INCLUDING DROP OFF AND COLLECTION POINTS.", "4LIvIPUi1g8-00008-00003543-00004121": "FINALLY, MORE THE 18,000 ACTIVE DUTY E-6 SAILORS ARE GOING HAVE THEIR RECORDS", "4LIvIPUi1g8-00009-00004121-00004518": "REVIEWED BY THE CHIEF PETTY OFFICER SELECTION BOARD. THE BOARD IS SCHEDULED", "4LIvIPUi1g8-00010-00004518-00004701": "TO CONVENE ON JUNE 20.", "4LIvIPUi1g8-00011-00004701-00005030": "STAY TUNED TO THE RUNDOWN WHERE WE WILL PROVIDE THE LATEST NEWS REGARDING CHIEF SELECTION.", "4LIvIPUi1g8-00012-00005112-00005514": "THAT’S ALL THIS WEEK. FOR ANY QUESTIONS, SEND US MESSAGE AT U-S-N", "4LIvIPUi1g8-00013-00005514-00005934": "PEOPLE AT GMAIL DOT COM. FOR THE CHIEF OF NAVAL PERSONNEL, I’M MC2 LJ BURLESON.", "4LIvIPUi1g8-00014-00005996-00006046": "THANKS FOR WATCHING."}}, {"audio_id": "4M35FMvsPBo", "text": {"4M35FMvsPBo-00000-00000070-00001110": "5월 25일 양이는 산으로 산책가고 어머니께서", "4M35FMvsPBo-00001-00001230-00001836": "직접 아이들 밥을 챙겨주시네요^^"}}, {"audio_id": "4MEy8MEOerc", "text": {"4MEy8MEOerc-00000-00000000-00004100": "🌟 🇺🇸 Suit Santa Claus \"Pattern\" Batik — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "4MFIQbHsary", "text": {"4MFIQbHsary-00000-00000916-00001485": "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Part the Second", "4MFIQbHsary-00001-00001485-00001923": "The Sun now rose upon the right Out of the sea came he", "4MFIQbHsary-00002-00001923-00002325": "Still hid in mist and on the left Went down into the sea", "4MFIQbHsary-00003-00002325-00002897": "And the good south wind still blew behind But no sweet bird did follow", "4MFIQbHsary-00004-00002897-00003397": "Nor any day for food or play Came to the mariner's hollo", "4MFIQbHsary-00005-00003397-00003936": "And I had done a hellish thing And it would work 'em woe", "4MFIQbHsary-00006-00003936-00004389": "For all averred, I had killed the bird That made the breeze to blow", "4MFIQbHsary-00007-00004389-00005032": "Ah wretch said they the bird to slay That made the breeze to blow", "4MFIQbHsary-00008-00005032-00005696": "Nor dim nor red like God's own head The glorious Sun uprist", "4MFIQbHsary-00009-00005696-00006151": "Then all averred I had killed the bird That brought the fog and mist", "4MFIQbHsary-00010-00006151-00006825": "Twas right said they such birds to slay That bring the fog and mist", "4MFIQbHsary-00011-00006825-00007381": "The fair breeze blew the white foam flew The furrow followed free", "4MFIQbHsary-00012-00007381-00008066": "We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea", "4MFIQbHsary-00013-00008066-00008836": "Down dropt the breeze the sails dropt down Twas sad as sad could be", "4MFIQbHsary-00014-00008836-00009488": "And we did speak only to break The silence of the sea", "4MFIQbHsary-00015-00009488-00010013": "All in a hot and copper sky The bloody Sun at noon", "4MFIQbHsary-00016-00010013-00010519": "Right up above the mast did stand No bigger than the Moon", "4MFIQbHsary-00017-00010519-00011586": "Day after day day after day We stuck nor breath nor motion", "4MFIQbHsary-00018-00011586-00012195": "As idle as a painted ship Upon a painted ocean", "4MFIQbHsary-00019-00012195-00012803": "Water water every where And all the boards did shrink", "4MFIQbHsary-00020-00012803-00013366": "Water water every where Nor any drop to drink", "4MFIQbHsary-00021-00013366-00013797": "The very deep did rot O Christ That ever this should be", "4MFIQbHsary-00022-00013797-00014381": "Yea slimy things did crawl with legs Upon the slimy sea", "4MFIQbHsary-00023-00014381-00014913": "About about in reel and rout The death fires danced at night", "4MFIQbHsary-00024-00014913-00015712": "The water like a witch's oils Burnt green and blue and white", "4MFIQbHsary-00025-00015712-00016141": "And some in dreams assured were Of the Spirit that plagued us so", "4MFIQbHsary-00026-00016141-00016744": "Nine fathom deep he had followed us From the land of mist and snow", "4MFIQbHsary-00027-00016744-00017150": "And every tongue, through utter drought Was withered at the root", "4MFIQbHsary-00028-00017150-00017802": "We could not speak, no more than if We had been choked with soot", "4MFIQbHsary-00029-00017802-00018765": "Ah well a-day what evil looks Had I from old and young", "4MFIQbHsary-00030-00018765-00019274": "Instead of the cross the Albatross About my neck was hung"}}, {"audio_id": "4MZnxd0rZ-y", "text": {"4MZnxd0rZ-y-00000-00000000-00000200": "My best Amazon wigs"}}, {"audio_id": "4NoOa6iFYAA", "text": {"4NoOa6iFYAA-00000-00000000-00000498": "French horn: A B B A B", "4NoOa6iFYAA-00001-00000498-00001414": "French horn: B A C D E C A.", "4NoOa6iFYAA-00002-00001414-00001865": "French horn: B A C D A B B A D", "4NoOa6iFYAA-00003-00001865-00002826": "String instruments: B A B C F B A A A B A C D A A", "4NoOa6iFYAA-00004-00002826-00003476": "Woodwind instruments: A B B A A B A"}}, {"audio_id": "4NuxGQgofEE", "text": {"4NuxGQgofEE-00000-00000066-00000323": "yes i want to test the thumbnail and clickbait title", "4NuxGQgofEE-00001-00000324-00000548": "unfortunetely i really broke my camera", "4NuxGQgofEE-00002-00000564-00000806": "it was really beautiful", "4NuxGQgofEE-00003-00000810-00001040": "the tripod has stolen from one side the lens of the other", "4NuxGQgofEE-00004-00001088-00001332": "i have a  bit luck there is only the lens broke", "4NuxGQgofEE-00005-00001750-00002014": "at least I know he will go to heaven and he will not go to hell", "4NuxGQgofEE-00006-00002014-00002442": "yeah I saw the divine light on the picture, yeah the camera record ennore at the moment of impact", "4NuxGQgofEE-00009-00004496-00004972": "oddly it was not the hardest moment, the most painful is when I was told the price of the repairs", "4NuxGQgofEE-00010-00005030-00005222": "what the price of the repairs ?", "4NuxGQgofEE-00011-00005312-00005471": "at this price there is vaseline included?", "4NuxGQgofEE-00012-00005472-00005636": "it was the coup de grace", "4NuxGQgofEE-00013-00005636-00005896": "So I had to find an alternative solution to film", "4NuxGQgofEE-00014-00005896-00006360": "the gopro , the gopro is good but suddenly you see all the mess in my room", "4NuxGQgofEE-00015-00006372-00006606": "i know but this is not what you think", "4NuxGQgofEE-00016-00006622-00006873": "yes i have an another lens but the angle was weird", "4NuxGQgofEE-00017-00007066-00007272": "the gopro is good", "4NuxGQgofEE-00018-00007272-00007502": "but what I see this my side is very ridiculous", "4NuxGQgofEE-00019-00007530-00007812": "this small camera with the mega tripod", "4NuxGQgofEE-00020-00007844-00008179": "I will rarely fall objects but when it falls it breaks", "4NuxGQgofEE-00021-00008180-00008572": "my old smarphone,fixing the gopro ,my lens obviously", "4NuxGQgofEE-00022-00008578-00008780": "and my last computer", "4NuxGQgofEE-00023-00009064-00009366": "yeah that's a lot but I saved a lot of the breakage", "4NuxGQgofEE-00026-00010326-00010618": "but I do not tell this version to the girl for my camera", "4NuxGQgofEE-00027-00010618-00011062": "Yeah so you see the guys he was in front of us ready to load I degaine my camera photo I take lots of photos", "4NuxGQgofEE-00028-00011088-00012186": "and all in the heart no no we do not agree suddenly he load with the shield anti riot ca run everywhere and suddenly they are bursting my camera with all my photos", "4NuxGQgofEE-00029-00012214-00012384": "you are a true hero !", "4NuxGQgofEE-00030-00012384-00012552": "i do what i do for save the planet", "4NuxGQgofEE-00031-00012584-00012736": "but this is not work very well", "4NuxGQgofEE-00032-00012748-00012984": "this is weird i find anything on this demonstration", "4NuxGQgofEE-00033-00013213-00013597": "you have to know how to take advantage of each situation on a misunderstanding it can pass watch", "4NuxGQgofEE-00034-00013624-00013897": "du coup je vend cet objectif casse utiliser par le grand youtubeur alexandre morales", "4NuxGQgofEE-00035-00013904-00014226": "and there he said the great youtubeur Alexandre morales", "4NuxGQgofEE-00036-00014400-00014628": "but he has 14  subscriber the con", "4NuxGQgofEE-00039-00015336-00015476": "video enough", "4NuxGQgofEE-00040-00015476-00016852": "allows me to explain why in the next week I would have a hard time keeping my pace of 1 video every 2 weeks with a goal less some shot or some video are downright unfeasible", "4NuxGQgofEE-00041-00016926-00017152": "do not hesitate to follow me on social networks and share my video soon"}}, {"audio_id": "4pweLx8sb7u", "text": {"4pweLx8sb7u-00000-00000221-00000882": "kind of sketches we finished five games like that well I mean that's why that's", "4pweLx8sb7u-00001-00000882-00001299": "why they they count it and they they're recording it all did to verify and even", "4pweLx8sb7u-00002-00001299-00001602": "says in the rules like afterwards like if say that team is the one that's gonna", "4pweLx8sb7u-00003-00001602-00002069": "make it then go back and review it yeah they go back and review everything you", "4pweLx8sb7u-00004-00002069-00003829": "know i mean ii plays being pissed off and then they contacting player on me I", "4pweLx8sb7u-00005-00003829-00004898": "just hear knocking knocking knocking got it charger turbo sugar player right back", "4pweLx8sb7u-00006-00004898-00006237": "here he's one shot we're inside here left alright you should see him get", "4pweLx8sb7u-00007-00006237-00006879": "players right there I'm bunker right to left this I I just had oh shit there's", "4pweLx8sb7u-00008-00006879-00007427": "one back behind me it was a blood huh Mike", "4pweLx8sb7u-00009-00007578-00007844": "like", "4pweLx8sb7u-00010-00008435-00009186": "he's sitting inside here you might kill me", "4pweLx8sb7u-00011-00010231-00012838": "got him got him gone we're coming we're coming got one I was out here", "4pweLx8sb7u-00012-00012838-00013312": "he's one shoddy bitch", "4pweLx8sb7u-00013-00013675-00014275": "I'm gonna drop down with you where you going bro I'm going top high all right", "4pweLx8sb7u-00014-00014275-00015869": "he sees me is he still up there yeah he's up on the rock where you can", "4pweLx8sb7u-00015-00015869-00016147": "probably pinch him Laurie", "4pweLx8sb7u-00016-00016891-00017536": "oh shit there's another one gone down oh my god I'm down last ones over here", "4pweLx8sb7u-00017-00017536-00017802": "lessons were here", "4pweLx8sb7u-00018-00017982-00019006": "last buck Bangla roll right there he's right here dude yep he's coming out of", "4pweLx8sb7u-00019-00019006-00019405": "the autumn right at me octane right at me octane right at me", "4pweLx8sb7u-00020-00019405-00020121": "climbing up priming up a nice job guys", "4pweLx8sb7u-00021-00020355-00020655": "yeah", "4pweLx8sb7u-00022-00021411-00023468": "Snipes from the right got the rate nice", "4pweLx8sb7u-00023-00023801-00024217": "see this is what we need we do you just need to slam them all out yeah yeah", "4pweLx8sb7u-00024-00024217-00024729": "definitely players here here", "4pweLx8sb7u-00025-00024803-00025523": "Oh hit one 441 and she'll Dina's board of the right as well they might try the", "4pweLx8sb7u-00026-00025523-00026069": "plank they might try to flank now I damage one hard I'm going around dude", "4pweLx8sb7u-00027-00026069-00026814": "going around I'm on top okay I'm stuck oh lord have mercy", "4pweLx8sb7u-00028-00026827-00027181": "zone guys I'm guys", "4pweLx8sb7u-00029-00028693-00029761": "the hell push it up on me above me he's right up here 45 purple", "4pweLx8sb7u-00030-00029761-00030336": "again I would just get in zone broken", "4pweLx8sb7u-00031-00030503-00030933": "he's above he's above here we go", "4pweLx8sb7u-00032-00031008-00032711": "got him goin all tonight p number 41 i'm shielding not sure where", "4pweLx8sb7u-00033-00032711-00033686": "he's at he was in this house hit over a bunch of rookies armor they're running", "4pweLx8sb7u-00034-00033686-00033894": "away", "4pweLx8sb7u-00035-00035998-00036653": "say cuz he's bad dude he's bad he's not good yeah I heard him down there on the", "4pweLx8sb7u-00036-00036653-00037559": "floor building no way dude he's inside the building alright let's just finish", "4pweLx8sb7u-00037-00037559-00039755": "him said that one of the top scenes has 53 kill 50 because of one game that's a", "4pweLx8sb7u-00038-00039755-00040825": "where's no way there's no way that's a world record"}}, {"audio_id": "4pCr5wwInWE", "text": {"4pCr5wwInWE-00000-00000000-00000632": "Izzy: Bem, be-be-be-be, bem, be-be-be-be-be - beh.. bem, beh-eh-eh-eh-em. Jamie: Ba-ah, bo-bo-bo-bo, bom, bo-bo-bo-bo-bo-bo-bo-bom, bo-bo-bo-bo-bo", "4pCr5wwInWE-00001-00000632-00000706": "Jamie: bu-bop..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00002-00000807-00000901": "Izzy: t-doo-t-doo-t-doo-doo-t-doo-t-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-t-doo-doo-t-doo-t-doo-doo-dew..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00003-00000901-00001341": "Jamie: hm-hm-hm-hm- doo, doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo- *ba-bang* Weh! Izzy: t-doo-t-doo-t-doo-doo-t-doo-t-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-t-doo-doo-t-doo-t-doo-doo-dew..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00004-00001341-00001465": "Izzy: t-doo-t-doo-t-doo-doo-t-doo-t-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-t-doo-doo-t-doo-t-doo-doo-dew..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00005-00001465-00001553": "Jamie: Wuh-buh-buh..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00006-00001569-00001619": "Jamie: De, de-de-de-deh, M'back.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00007-00001619-00001669": "Izzy: Alright. Jamie: De, de-de-de-deh, M'back.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00008-00001669-00001757": "Jamie: De, de-de-de-deh, M'back.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00009-00001885-00001935": "Izzy: So..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00010-00001958-00002153": "There's Sonic, Kip, and the radio...", "4pCr5wwInWE-00011-00002166-00002244": "Jamie: I wan'be Kip.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00012-00002334-00002422": "You'be th(s)onic.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00013-00002497-00002571": "Izzy: You'be radio.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00014-00002600-00002739": "Jamie: St-st.. *mumbling*", "4pCr5wwInWE-00015-00002739-00002845": "Izzy: Eh-heheh-no.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00016-00002845-00002895": "Jamie: E-hoo-", "4pCr5wwInWE-00017-00002895-00002945": "Don!-", "4pCr5wwInWE-00018-00002945-00003000": "Jamie: Donna- Izzy: Alright, ready?", "4pCr5wwInWE-00019-00003000-00003126": "Jamie: Donna- Don! Deh..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00020-00003126-00003600": "Izzy (Sonic): \"You know, I hate to admit it. You're onto something here. Cars?! Who knew?\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00021-00003615-00003775": "Jamie: Doo, doo-doo-doo-doo, doo, doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00022-00003775-00003825": "Jamie: Doo, doo-doo-doo-doo, doo, doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo.. Izzy (Sonic): \"I mean-", "4pCr5wwInWE-00023-00003825-00003888": "Jamie: Doo, doo-doo-doo-doo, doo, doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00024-00003888-00004848": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Am I the fast- P-ppp- Am I faster than thefastest car ever built? Yes. But--and it's wild nobody ever asked about this--isn't running exhausting?", "4pCr5wwInWE-00025-00004868-00005221": "Izzy (Sonic): \"-and the answer is, of course, no. No, it is not exhausting.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00026-00005221-00005579": "Jamie: What animalis he? A llama? A camel? A- dino?", "4pCr5wwInWE-00027-00005607-00005734": "Izzy: He's a baby dino.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00028-00005784-00005939": "Jamie: But what kind'a- Izzy: He is not a dino at all--he's got fur-", "4pCr5wwInWE-00029-00005939-00006316": "Izzy (Sonic): \"But I'll tell ya-\" s'p--pppp.. \"But I'll tell ya something Kip ol' pa-\" uh-Pal..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00030-00006322-00006495": "P-PAL-PA-PA-PA-PO-!!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00031-00006495-00006575": "Izzy: No, buddy.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00032-00006575-00006706": "Jamie (Kip): \"M-Mister?\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00033-00006706-00007679": "Izzy (Sonic): \"You run a lap around the planet, smashing up badnik armies along the way, boy, you're gonna get blisters that make you wish you had a car.-\" A-ah..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00034-00007808-00008138": "Jamie (Roleplaying 'Kip'): \"Um.. You know, the more I'm hearing about this-\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00035-00008138-00008711": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Plus, when you're reeling around on foot, you don't have a radio! How 'bout some tunes?!\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00036-00008724-00008848": "Jamie (Kip): \"Mr. 'The Hedgehog!'\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00037-00008848-00009958": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Call me Sonic. 'Mr. the hedgehog-' is.. well, nobody actually... nobody- eh-pppll- Nobody's called 'Mr. the hedgehog.' That's not how parts of speech work, Kip.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00038-00009988-00010535": "Jamie (Nite the Owl/Radio): \"K- KTBR with Nite the Owl on themorning para- p-pairleeyament? perla-", "4pCr5wwInWE-00039-00010600-00010659": "Izzy: 'parliament-'", "4pCr5wwInWE-00040-00010665-00010865": "Jamie (Roleplaying 'Nite'): \"Is this live?\" Eh... heh! Izzy: HEH-HA-HA!!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00041-00010865-00011239": "Jamie (Nite the Owl/Radio): \"Your forecast, brought to you by ACME aglets--", "4pCr5wwInWE-00042-00011255-00011462": "Izzy: A. G. L. E. T. S. --", "4pCr5wwInWE-00043-00011498-00011829": "Jamie: And more letters that continue, but no one wants to say that..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00044-00011862-00011912": "Izzy: I think..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00045-00011972-00012097": "Jamie: Ho-la-kerlibnvlfkbnvzb..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00046-00012117-00012372": "Jamie: Eh-heheheh! Izzy: asvblntsnvLbnzblk", "4pCr5wwInWE-00047-00012390-00012501": "Jamie: Acme aglets!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00048-00012551-00012695": "Jamie (Kip): \"Sonic! The speed limit!\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00049-00012701-00012823": "Izzy (Sonic): \"The what now?\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00050-00012862-00013346": "Jamie (Kip): \"The speed limit! It dictates how fast you're allowed to dri-dri- drive in a given area-!\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00051-00013453-00013696": "Izzy (Roleplaying 'Sonic'): \"'Given area.' Can you repeat that, dude? You did not-\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00052-00013696-00013754": "Jamie (Roleplaying 'Kip'): NO!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00053-00013895-00014166": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Oh! Wha-the- what will they think of next?\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00054-00014407-00014518": "Izzy: Well, they can think of a way to FIX THAT HAND!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00055-00014518-00014657": "Izzy: Well, they can think of a way to FIX THAT HAND! Jamie: Has he not- ever heard of any of this before, growing up?", "4pCr5wwInWE-00056-00014657-00014859": "Jamie: Has he not- ever heard of any of this before, growing up?", "4pCr5wwInWE-00057-00014859-00014931": "Izzy: Apparently not.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00058-00014953-00015081": "Jamie: What happened to his parents? No one will know.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00059-00015081-00016219": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Guess I'll..Stop..hitting the gas so much? And the car will eventually.. not be fast anymore..? Sorry, Kip. We're in uncharted waters here.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00060-00016488-00016698": "Jamie: You're supposed to d-ew a test before get-", "4pCr5wwInWE-00061-00016698-00016800": "Jamie: You're supposed to d-ew a test before get- Izzy: He looks COOKOO! WHAT'S GOING ON WITH THAT EYE!?", "4pCr5wwInWE-00062-00016800-00016955": "Izzy: He looks COOKOO! WHAT'S GOING ON WITH THAT EYE!?", "4pCr5wwInWE-00063-00017000-00017251": "Jamie (Kip): \"The brakes, Sonic! The brakes make the care stop.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00064-00017318-00017706": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Oh wow! Okay. I thought that was the turbo pedal or something?\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00065-00017800-00017975": "Izzy: You hit it, you go flying! Jamie: That's scary, yeah, they don't have brakes at all!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00066-00017975-00018139": "Jamie: That's scary, yeah, they don't have brakes at all!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00067-00018187-00018782": "Jamie (Kip): \"There's.. there's no turbo pedal, Sonic. We're in a normal car. My normal car.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00068-00018829-00018865": "Izzy: Yeah, right.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00069-00018865-00018915": "Izzy: Yeah, right. Jamie (Roleplaying 'Kip'): \"Don't break it!\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00070-00018915-00018965": "Jamie (Roleplaying 'Kip'): \"Don't break it!\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00071-00019058-00019220": "Izzy (Roleplaying 'Sonic'): \"Sorry, I already broke it--That pedal's gone.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00072-00019365-00019422": "Izzy: U-uh.. ye-", "4pCr5wwInWE-00073-00019422-00019509": "Jamie: You don't need a brake.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00074-00019521-00019829": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Right, yeah! No, I get it now, totally.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00075-00019860-00020000": "Jamie: You gotta clip this, stop you..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00076-00020051-00020200": "Izzy: That little thing! Look at that little tiny ship on there!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00077-00020200-00020250": "Izzy: That little thing! Look at that little tiny ship on there! Jamie: What?", "4pCr5wwInWE-00078-00020250-00020300": "Izzy: That little thing! Look at that little tiny ship on there!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00079-00020316-00020379": "Izzy: The tiny ship!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00080-00020391-00020473": "Jamie: AW! It's so cute!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00081-00020635-00020973": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Here we go. Time to slow things right on down.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00082-00020984-00021070": "Jamie (Kip): \"Yes, please.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00083-00021200-00021274": "Izzy: He looks angry.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00084-00021274-00021378": "Jamie: Heerrrr..grrr.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00085-00021520-00022041": "Jamie (Kip): \"You're.. going to-uh wow, you're.. going to have to press harder than that.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00086-00022111-00022728": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Here's the weird thing, Kip. I'm trying to. I swear. Should touching it make me feel sick?\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00087-00023157-00023342": "Jamie: He's getting carsick! Get him out of there!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00088-00023536-00024105": "Jamie (Nite the Owl/Radio): \"Here's your traffic update brought to youby Toon's Fest- Festoons? for the best of Festoonery--", "4pCr5wwInWE-00089-00024105-00024162": "Jamie: What is this?", "4pCr5wwInWE-00090-00024162-00024538": "Izzy: Yes, this is how radios are. The person who's talking on there has no clue what they're saying.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00091-00024616-00024956": "Jamie: Yes. Like, 'what is this script?'Um..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00092-00025000-00025236": "Jamie (Kip): \"Mr. Sonic, if you don't- uh..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00093-00025236-00025301": "Izzy: Wow. You're loud.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00094-00025301-00025721": "Jamie: UGH- (Kip): \"-if youdon't mind my asking--what are you doing here?\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00095-00025944-00026345": "Izzy (Roleplaying 'Sonic'): \"Well, tch. If I heard you correctly now that I'm deaf.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00096-00026345-00026685": "Jamie: I-I.. I honestly thought it was going to be 'cause he can't reach the brakes and..", "4pCr5wwInWE-00097-00026685-00027078": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Learning to drive, of course! With my new friend and mentor, Kip the-", "4pCr5wwInWE-00098-00027160-00027333": "Izzy: Cap-yer-bar-a?", "4pCr5wwInWE-00099-00027333-00027400": "Jamie: Cap-a-bar-a?", "4pCr5wwInWE-00100-00027400-00027588": "Izzy: Cap-a- yeah. Cap-ya-bya-ba-yah", "4pCr5wwInWE-00101-00027627-00027677": "Jamie: I love it.\" Izzy (Sonic): \"The best driving instructor in the biz!\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00102-00027677-00027831": "Izzy (Sonic): \"The best driving instructor in the biz!\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00103-00027893-00028008": "Jamie (Kip): hugh-g-h-gh-gh-g-h-gh-h...", "4pCr5wwInWE-00104-00028018-00028238": "Izzy: That's not a sigh! What is he doing!?", "4pCr5wwInWE-00105-00028291-00028349": "Izzy: Ahh!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00106-00028495-00028808": "Jamie (Kip): \"Red light, Sonic! Other cars are in the intersection!\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00107-00028808-00028982": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Oh shoot! You're right! I'm on it!\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00108-00029079-00029237": "Izzy: Yes. Leave the car!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00109-00029350-00029583": "Izzy: Leave the car driving. LOOK AT THAT!!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00110-00029697-00029782": "Jamie: He's like; \"HALT!\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00111-00029927-00030327": "Jamie (Nite the Owl/Radio): \"There seems to be some problems in theQuillsbrook road area. We'll keep an eye on it.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00112-00030576-00030674": "Izzy: Yeah- Jamie: It is live!", "4pCr5wwInWE-00113-00030779-00030917": "Izzy: It is live people.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00114-00030973-00031318": "Jamie (Kip): \"Why are you learning to drive, Sonic? W-What do you need a car for?\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00115-00031336-00031515": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Oh! Right! That's easy.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00116-00031515-00031643": "Jamie: He was just talking about getting blisters.. Izzy: \"Two words, Kip. One of them is- oh my word.. One of which is really long and drawn out, for emphasis.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00117-00031643-00032107": "Izzy: \"Two words, Kip. One of them is- oh my word.. One of which is really long and drawn out, for emphasis.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00118-00032174-00032299": "Izzy: Love how he explains that.", "4pCr5wwInWE-00119-00032389-00032582": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Chili DAWWWGSSSS..\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00120-00032864-00033173": "Jamie (Kip): \"You need a car... for hot dogs?\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00121-00033191-00033461": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Chili dogs, Kip. Hot dogs with chili.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00122-00033478-00033588": "Jamie (Kip): \"But.. Why--\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00123-00033707-00034161": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Long gone are the days where you're forced to choose between hot dogs and chili for Dinner, Kip.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00124-00034269-00034647": "Izzy (Sonic): \"The hot dog scientists have put the chili right smack dab on d- on there.\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00125-00034770-00035212": "Izzy (Sonic): \"Have you ever heard of... Mr. Munch-um's Bun-sized Franks?\"", "4pCr5wwInWE-00126-00035229-00035279": "Jamie (Roleplaying 'Kip'): \"No.\""}}, {"audio_id": "4pVM_Gii_zM", "text": {"4pVM_Gii_zM-00000-00000000-00000399": "Hi! My name's Matt Godbolt and I'm going to be talking about memories and caches:", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00001-00000399-00000840": "That is, how mem ory works, how it affects performance and what we can do about it.", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00002-00000928-00001419": "So this talk is one I gave a few years ago at work. Some of the details are a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00003-00001419-00001926": "little bit out of date but in general most of it is still valid today. I'm", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00004-00001926-00002358": "going to talk about the different types of memory and their characteristics. There", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00005-00002358-00002684": "will be some hairy hardware details but I'm going to go very quickly over that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00006-00002684-00002951": "and it's not really important it just gives you an appreciation as to why", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00007-00002951-00003402": "we're in the situation we find ourselves in. I will talk about caches and how they", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00008-00003402-00003872": "work, I'm going to talk about performance and how we can measure it and see how", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00009-00003872-00004382": "those caches interplay with data access patterns. We'll talk a little bit about", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00010-00004382-00004827": "virtual memory and then also how having multiple threads reading at the same", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00011-00004827-00005432": "memory affects performance. So let's talk about different types of RAM.", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00012-00005432-00005736": "These are the physical types of ram. The first type that we're going to talk about is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00013-00005736-00006246": "static RAM and then we'll talk about dynamic RAM. Static RAM is used in", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00014-00006246-00006904": "caches and dynamic RAM is used in the main memory of your system. We'll also", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00015-00006904-00007311": "I'll mention now that there is other types of memory that is non-volatile", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00016-00007311-00007790": "memory so like the ROM in your BIOS, all the eeproms or eeproms in your embedded", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00017-00007790-00008214": "systems and and in nowadays in terms of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00018-00008214-00008675": "flash drives that are available. There is also flash RAM and Intel are coming out", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00019-00008675-00009072": "with even more clever ways of using flash RAM and making it faster. I'm not", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00020-00009072-00009500": "going to be going into those in this talk: they have again even more different", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00021-00009500-00009978": "performance characteristics but  I don't know enough", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00022-00009978-00010361": "about them to talk about them so I'm going to stick to just talking about", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00023-00010361-00010943": "cache RAM and main memory RAM that is static and dynamic.", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00024-00010943-00011592": "This is what one bit of static Ram looks like. It's a lot of components: we have an", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00025-00011592-00012195": "address line at the top, the red AL and at the bottom right we have the data coming", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00026-00012195-00012732": "out the DL data line and on the bottom left hand side we also have the not data", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00027-00012732-00013202": "line. These two are always complimentary just due to the construction of the cell", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00028-00013202-00013394": "If there is a one being out put", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00029-00013751-00014165": "on the DL there will be a zero on the not DL and vice versa and if you're", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00030-00014165-00014459": "interested in what the actual state of the memory is you only need to look at", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00031-00014459-00015200": "the DL. So what does it mean to read from this one bit of static RAM? Well the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00032-00015200-00015569": "first thing is we bring the address line that selects uniquely this cell or", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00033-00015569-00015991": "of course in the case of many bits you would actually be reading", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00034-00015991-00016343": "a whole bank of these next to each other or activated by the same", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00035-00016343-00016925": "address line.  Then as a result of that address line going high these two", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00036-00016925-00017426": "transistors switch on and allow current from the middle part - the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00037-00017426-00017819": "flip-flop where we actually storing the zero-ness or the one-ness of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00038-00017819-00018281": "this one bit of static RAM. It allows the output to flow out of the data", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00039-00018281-00018652": "lines and then you can look at those data lines and they will be", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00040-00018652-00019322": "one on the right hand side there in the DL if the bit was one and zero if not,", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00041-00019322-00019832": "and the opposite on the other side. That's pretty straightforward - we enable", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00042-00019832-00020180": "the address line and pretty much immediately (give or take the time it", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00043-00020180-00020606": "takes the transistors to turn on) the output of that one bit of RAM is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00044-00020606-00021134": "available for the system to consume. How do we write back into this?", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00045-00021146-00021737": "We pretty much reverse the process here: we need to drive the DL and not DL to the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00046-00021737-00022102": "appropriate levels. If we want to write a 1 bit in we need to bring DL", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00047-00022103-00022634": "high and set not  DL low, and if we wanted to write a zero bit we would do the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00048-00022634-00023207": "opposite. Once that is done we then bring the address line high, and now those", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00049-00023207-00023708": "transistors are awake again but we're pushing the current back - back", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00050-00023708-00024068": "through the system into the flip-flops in the middle and causing it to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00051-00024068-00024593": "change state to be the bit that we would like it to to hold. That only works", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00052-00024593-00025001": "because the drivers on the outside are more powerful than the drivers in the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00053-00025001-00025313": "inside transistors and that allows us to kind of force the bit", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00054-00025313-00025680": "into a particular state.", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00055-00025800-00026130": "So: static RAM has six transistors for", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00056-00026130-00026445": "every bit. I've put the diagram up there on the top right hand so you can refer", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00057-00026445-00026852": "it as we're talking. One thing I glossed over is that middle", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00058-00026852-00027324": "four-block of transistors - the flip-flop - which stores the state, requires a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00059-00027324-00027993": "constant power Vdd. That means that even when we're not accessing", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00060-00027993-00028298": "this cell it is taking up power: There's a certain amount of leakage that's going on.", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00061-00028299-00028947": "The output is at logic level so these are ones and zeros. That is if it's a 3.3V", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00062-00028947-00029339": "chip those will be 3.3 volts or zero volts or whatever other internal", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00063-00029339-00029658": "voltages they are.  They're discrete, they're definitely an all-or-nothing", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00064-00029658-00030022": "kind of thing, give or take the switching time of transistors.", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00065-00030022-00030312": "The design of it is pretty much a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00066-00030330-00030744": "repeating regular layer, which means that they can be laid out", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00067-00030744-00031299": "quite well on chips and the access times are super, super fast so why not makel", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00068-00031299-00031718": "all RAM this way you might ask? This is extremely quick - it's used in our caches,", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00069-00031718-00032014": "so why is my main memory so slow?", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00070-00032014-00032324": "Well... it's really really expensive! All of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00071-00032330-00032766": "those transistors do take up a lot more space than alternative methods", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00072-00032766-00032988": "Let's have a look at what else we could do.", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00073-00033044-00033572": "This is one bit of dynamic RAM.", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00074-00033573-00033906": "You'll notice that there is pretty much nothing on the screen here, in fact", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00075-00033906-00034359": "we've got a giant funny font right now because there's nothing to show!", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00076-00034359-00035082": "One bit of dynamic RAM is an address line and a capacitor. The capacitor stores the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00077-00035082-00035793": "one-ness or the zero-ness of this bit. To read out the bit we need to sample", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00078-00035793-00036201": "that capacito:r we turn the address line high and that one transistor now", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00079-00036201-00036710": "connects the capacitor directly to the data line and we can read it.", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00080-00036710-00037148": "To write it we just push the current or sink the current from the capacitor", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00081-00037149-00037712": "to either bring its power up to be a one bit", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00082-00037713-00038406": "or bring it down to zero to be a zero bit. That's awesome: one transistor per bit and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00083-00038406-00038884": "one capacitor per bit. It's even more regular and even easier to lay these out", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00084-00038884-00039544": "in hugely high dense arrays on RAM chips which is why RAM chips are", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00085-00039544-00040228": "separate from normal chips, although you can also embed them.", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00086-00040228-00040774": "We've moved from the logical domain of the static RAM", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00087-00040774-00041399": "where it was a very discrete one or zero", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00088-00041399-00042127": "into an analog world where the result is not actually a zero or a one directly, it is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00089-00042127-00042730": "some voltage somewhere between 0 and 1. We know that that capacitor slowly", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00090-00042730-00043387": "leaks away its charge so dynamic RAM - to recap - is one transistor and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00091-00043387-00043759": "one capacitor per bit, but leaks charge which means we need to do something", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00092-00043759-00044008": "about that.  If we put a 1 bit in there and we leave it for a long time by the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00093-00044008-00044365": "time we come back and look at it it may look like a 0 bit so we need to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00094-00044365-00044881": "regularly top-up the charge and conversely if it was a 0 bit then", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00095-00044881-00045299": "leakage from other areas of the chip might actually bring the capacitors", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00096-00045299-00045586": "charge up so occasionally we need to come back again and just make sure that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00097-00045586-00046171": "if it's meant to be a 0 bit we discharge that out. The output is analog so", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00098-00046171-00046525": "we need some way of making a decision about whether the voltage coming out of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00099-00046525-00047383": "that capacitor is \"one enough\" or  \"zero enough\" and make a judgement to turn", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00100-00047383-00047824": "that into a logic 0 or a logic 1. Capacitors as you can probably remember", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00101-00047824-00048352": "from high school take a while to charge up, depending on the resistance", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00102-00048352-00048934": "so that means that we can no longer do this switching", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00103-00048934-00049444": "like the static cell did in one nanosecond: it's no longer as fast as", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00104-00049444-00049828": "that. It depends on a whole bunch of other physical characteristics of the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00105-00049828-00050377": "chip. These are used in external RAM chips and because they're", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00106-00050377-00050855": "external we have to minimize the number of pins that the chip has.", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00107-00050855-00051217": "The  pins that plug into the board you're going to be putting into your computer.", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00108-00051220-00051484": "By minimize here, I'm saying", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00109-00051484-00052066": "DDR3 here has 240 pins: that's still not enough to uniquely", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00110-00052066-00052577": "identify every single part of the RAM so there needs to be", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00111-00052577-00052985": "some kind of compromise in terms of how we select and read out particular", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00112-00052985-00053288": "aspects of dynamic RAM", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00113-00053288-00053894": "Here for example is a circuit diagram of an area", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00114-00053894-00054442": "of dynamic RAM. We have a whole bunch of RAM cells and you can see how", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00115-00054442-00054932": "nicely regularly laid out they are: we've got a lot of capacitors and transistors", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00116-00054932-00055429": "that select those capacitors and we have a bunch of them arranged in a in a grid", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00117-00055429-00056021": "and we can select using some number of bits from the address. We can select one", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00118-00056021-00056633": "of the rows which means a whole bunch of them will turn on at once and then there", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00119-00056633-00057122": "will be a number of bits presented depending on which row has been picked", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00120-00057122-00057569": "to the RAS area at the bottom that you can see - this is the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00121-00057569-00058027": "row address selector. Those bits are presented to this", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00122-00058027-00058727": "sense amplifier which is effectively an analog to digital converter, that then", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00123-00058727-00059066": "goes into a set of latches - those are much more like the flip-flops we saw in", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00124-00059066-00059369": "the static RAM so you can think of the latch at the bottom as being a little", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00125-00059369-00060077": "bit like a single array of static RAM cells so when we pick a particular area", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00126-00060077-00060604": "of memory that we're interested in we select that area those bits are sampled", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00127-00060604-00060998": "put through a sense amplifier - this analog to digital converter - and turned into", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00128-00060998-00061820": "logic ones and zeros and then latched held in regular static RAM cells.", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00129-00061820-00062264": "Having selected this row we can read within the row any amount of data", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00130-00062264-00062798": "that we might like from directly from those latches and interestingly it's not", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00131-00062798-00063265": "easy to see from this diagram but the output from the latch is fed back into", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00132-00063265-00063979": "the RAM cells so having now sensed these RAM cells as being either 0 or 1 and by", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00133-00063979-00064304": "sense these RAM cells I mean this particular row that we've", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00134-00064304-00064855": "chosen we now feed the current of ones back into the ones and we drain the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00135-00064855-00065416": "current from the zeros back as we have interpreted them so this is it", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00136-00065416-00065777": "effectively tops up the ones and keep the zeroes drained out for that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00137-00065777-00066356": "particular cell so that kind of solves the refresh issue.  So we know that the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00138-00066356-00067013": "due to charge leakage there will be issues with some of the bits going away", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00139-00067013-00067435": "if we don't read them regularly. All we need to do is select each row", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00140-00067435-00067892": "occasionally and feed them through the sense amplifier into the latch and then", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00141-00067892-00068321": "allow that one and zero the pure one is zero to feedback and either top up or", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00142-00068321-00068950": "drain each individual RAM cell so provided we cycle through all of the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00143-00068950-00069731": "addresses and banks around one after another often enough then we can keep", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00144-00069731-00070187": "our RAM clean and we don't have to worry about ones becoming zeros although", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00145-00070187-00070556": "there's an interesting set of bugs that have been found or rather misfeatures", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00146-00070556-00070952": "in the way that this is done and we can perhaps talk about that another time", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00147-00070952-00071354": "If you're interested Google for RowHammer and be very scared about what you might find", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00148-00071354-00071972": "Let's talk about how we read DRAM This is the extremely short version...", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00149-00071972-00072449": "The first thing that needs to happen is that the bit lines need to be", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00150-00072449-00073031": "pre charged. What does this mean? We're about to directly connect those", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00151-00073031-00073667": "capacitors in the RAM cells to the sense amplifier and if the sense amplifier was", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00152-00073667-00074306": "at 0 volts and we were about to read a whole bunch of 1 bits those 1 bits will", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00153-00074306-00074831": "discharge much quicker than if we have for example pre-charged the sense", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00154-00074831-00075317": "amplifier bits to somewhere between 0 and 1. Likewise if they were all 0 bits", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00155-00075317-00075707": "and we had charged everything up to one beforehand we might inadvertently start", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00156-00075707-00076235": "charging up the zero bits to look more like one bit so the pre-charge", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00157-00076235-00076973": "effectively puts like somewhere 50% voltage along all of the bit lines", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00158-00076973-00077294": "before we even allow them to be connected to the capacitors and that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00159-00077294-00077654": "takes a couple of memory cycles to get everything ready to do the sample", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00160-00077654-00078277": "Next we select the row and now that means that the transistors for a whole row of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00161-00078277-00078846": "bits are picked out at once and that takes a few cycles", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00162-00078846-00079482": "then we're doing that read we're allowing the the the data to flow from", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00163-00079482-00080190": "the capacitors down through the sense amplifier into the the latches at the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00164-00080190-00080622": "bottom the the static Ram the aim and and here in the particular example I was", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00165-00080622-00081008": "looking at there's about eight thousand one hundred and ninety two bits worth", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00166-00081008-00081621": "the read at a time and as I was saying before this is where the feedback starts", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00167-00081621-00081926": "recharging the cells as needed or draining the ones that are still zeros", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00168-00081926-00082404": "within that we select a column and that takes a couple of cycles and that column", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00169-00082404-00083061": "is like a subset of those 8,000 bits and now that data can be presented out on", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00170-00083061-00083661": "the bus and is available for the CPU to read and then there is some kind of row", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00171-00083661-00084123": "access time of before we can reap recharge so there's there's some kind of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00172-00084123-00084375": "extra delays here and that's is if you've ever looked at a ram chip and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00173-00084375-00084657": "seen all the crazy numbers that are written on the side of it then these all", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00174-00084657-00084966": "correspond to various parts of this cycle and that's a quite a complicated", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00175-00084966-00085347": "sequence of events in order to just read out a certain amount of data and you'll", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00176-00085347-00086001": "note the switching between rows is a relatively costly thing but switching", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00177-00086001-00086490": "between columns is is not once we've picked a row we can go backwards and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00178-00086490-00087105": "force within columns so this is usually not visible to the programmer normally", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00179-00087105-00087624": "the hardware is set up in a way to make this as invisible as possible the memory", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00180-00087624-00087951": "controls which are like the bridge between the CPUs and the RAM chips", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00181-00087951-00088377": "themselves are smart enough and have algorithms to to reprioritize memory", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00182-00088377-00088803": "reads so that they take advantage of reading from the same row over and over", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00183-00088803-00089250": "again if if it can be kept open instead of having to close it and open the new", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00184-00089250-00089853": "row jumping around randomly in memory so here's a little diagram sort of example", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00185-00089853-00090342": "explaining how this might might happen and the other aspect of these addresses", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00186-00090342-00090660": "that are being sent out the column addresses and the row address is that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00187-00090660-00091089": "they are actually sent on the same physical wires and it depends on", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00188-00091089-00091539": "otherwise as to how those are interpreted and that again reduces the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00189-00091539-00092061": "amount of pins that are required on the RAM chips as we can affect in make", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00190-00092061-00092469": "the lines that the wires do double duty so here for example the first thing we", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00191-00092469-00092823": "do is the column access select comes on and that means that the address lines", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00192-00092823-00093207": "are interpreted as a column address that's that's held down and a couple of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00193-00093207-00093632": "cycles later the column has been picked and now we can pull data out and data", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00194-00093632-00094119": "comes out and the next couple of cycles and these are not to scale and then", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00195-00094119-00094589": "finally we've got we pick a new row and that means that the row access select", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00196-00094589-00095073": "line is brought low and and so on so there it really doesn't matter too much", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00197-00095073-00095397": "but you can see that it's a lengthy complicated state machine based system", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00198-00095397-00095949": "just to breed memory from a round chip this all compares to the cache Ram where", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00199-00095949-00096531": "it was pretty much case of a single bit making sure the address line for that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00200-00096531-00097137": "bit was was available and we presume that in a cache that the bits are able", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00201-00097137-00097587": "to be arranged so that the processor can get them without having to go through", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00202-00097587-00098082": "complicated column and row wise addressing although that's not not", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00203-00098082-00098483": "necessarily a given I don't actually know anyway so that's DRAM and you can", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00204-00098483-00098868": "see that that is much more complicated and more long-winded and essentially an", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00205-00098868-00099300": "analogue component which was a surprise to me let's talk briefly about the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00206-00099300-00099717": "memory controller I've already alluded to it a little bit the memory controller", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00207-00099717-00100011": "used to be in a chip called the Northbridge so it used to be the case", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00208-00100011-00100638": "that CPUs hung off a North Bridge which is effectively a chip which allowed the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00209-00100638-00101063": "CPUs to talk to memory and other very fast devices and also arbitrate for", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00210-00101063-00101576": "peripherals that we're able also to talk directly to memory DMA able peripherals", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00211-00101576-00101964": "and then there would be a South Bridge which does the slow peripheral stuff", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00212-00101964-00102581": "like the PCI bus and the SATA and like USB and other things like that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00213-00102581-00103088": "but the North Bridge has been brought on to CPUs which has some implications for", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00214-00103088-00103452": "multiprocessor systems which we can talk about later so the memory controller", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00215-00103452-00103835": "knows how to open and close those rows and it knows how to reorder loads and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00216-00103835-00104553": "stores so that the best advantage can be taken of the the fact that once you've", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00217-00104553-00105005": "opened a row you want to like deal within that row itself it is also", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00218-00105005-00105455": "responsible for scheduling the refreshes so that every 64 milliseconds at least", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00219-00105455-00106211": "every single row is opened just to allow it to recharge and and not decay and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00220-00106211-00106589": "again Google row hammer and you'll see how that you can even with the 64", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00221-00106589-00107307": "millisecond reschedule of refresh is the nasty things can happen it also handles", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00222-00107307-00107804": "DMA which is in a way that peripherals can talk to the RAM chips to read", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00223-00107804-00108324": "themselves so for example your hard drive controller may wish to take data", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00224-00108324-00108624": "directly from your hard disk and put it in a particular place in memory and that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00225-00108624-00109139": "can sort of route through the memory controller and certainly on x86", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00226-00109139-00109599": "processors where there's certain guarantees about how memory accesses can", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00227-00109599-00110165": "happen the memory controller is is able to her to ensure that the memory that is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00228-00110165-00110660": "written to by DMA is is appropriately removed from caches or marks as invalid", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00229-00110660-00111035": "in caches on the cpus so there's a lot of things going on behind the scenes", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00230-00111035-00111594": "inside the memory controller so we didn't really talk about how the data", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00231-00111594-00112187": "comes out of the DRAM so the memory bus runs at around about 200 megahertz and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00232-00112187-00112442": "you can forget all of the numbers that are written on the side of your ram", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00233-00112442-00112784": "chips that they're not actually running at that speed so when you see like you", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00234-00112784-00113358": "know 14 400 or whatever or 1600 like the ddr3 example lower down those pages it's", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00235-00113358-00113997": "not really running at 1600 megahertz despite what it says instead the bus is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00236-00113997-00114542": "pumped multiple times so data is is sent rather than every clock tick of 200", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00237-00114542-00115184": "megahertz it's sent twice every clock take or four times or eight so that's", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00238-00115184-00115800": "how for example ddr3 1600 can be a 200 megahertz bus sampled eight times within", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00239-00115800-00116201": "a single cycle using whatever what hardware magic I don't understand but", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00240-00116201-00116876": "it's quite an impressive engineering feat so each each access is a 64-bit", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00241-00116876-00117502": "read so the column select will pick out the 64 bits that we're interested in and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00242-00117502-00118217": "then we will receive them at yeah for ddr3 like the example says here is like", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00243-00118217-00118609": "twelve twelve point eight gigabytes a second that's pretty fast", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00244-00118609-00118941": "that's so every every clock cycle once we've done all of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00245-00118941-00119283": "that crazy setup every clock cycle we can read out another 64 bits that's", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00246-00119283-00119682": "pretty awesome but it shows that the access time to the memory can actually", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00247-00119682-00120072": "dominate over the data rate and if your be able able to stream through memory", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00248-00120072-00120542": "sequentially you were to get a much faster rate than if you're randomly", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00249-00120542-00121111": "opening different rows and having to to deal with all of the other refresh types", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00250-00121111-00121446": "the rats and the calves and all those other times that we saw in earlier", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00251-00121446-00121859": "slides so getting the DRAM out is not that straightforward but of course we", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00252-00121859-00122384": "don't talk to DRAM directly very often oh yes so there we are access times", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00253-00122384-00122850": "could donate over data rates and we don't talk to D RAM directly most of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00254-00122850-00123432": "time because in front of the memory is the cache the idea behind caching is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00255-00123432-00124047": "that the static Ram that we saw is small and expensive but super fast dynamic Ram", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00256-00124047-00124632": "is cheap and large but much slower so why not use the static Ram as a cache", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00257-00124632-00125328": "for the slower DRAM cool so we keep some static RAM close to the processor and it", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00258-00125328-00125988": "can hold some temporary copies of data that's in DRAM and buffer the processor", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00259-00125988-00126432": "from having to deal with this every time it needs to read and write to memory but", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00260-00126432-00127149": "how do we do that in hardware well the way we do it is to break areas of memory", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00261-00127149-00127608": "into little entries and each entry can be cached independently and those", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00262-00127608-00128430": "entries are called cache lines so a cache line is 64 bytes of memory aligned", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00263-00128430-00128976": "on a 64 byte boundary that corresponds to the bottom six bits of the address", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00264-00128976-00129635": "that the process has generated and the way that these caches are organized is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00265-00129635-00130326": "that some number of bits is taken from the address to pick a set that set maps", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00266-00130326-00131094": "into a slice effectively of the cache within that set there are different ways", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00267-00131094-00131703": "and there are the ways are correspond to the number of entries of the same set", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00268-00131703-00132177": "that can occupy that part of the cache so here example we're looking at", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00269-00132177-00133653": "a 5-bit set for like the level 1 cache that gives us 30 two sets of 64 bytes so", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00270-00133653-00134136": "that the 6 bits at the bottom tell me where we are within the cache line for", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00271-00134136-00134675": "l1 for example we're gonna pick the next 5 bits from bits 6 through bits 11 and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00272-00134675-00135153": "that will pick which of the ways in the l1 that we're going to be looking at and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00273-00135153-00135639": "then the remaining bits are a tag that tag allows us to discriminate when we", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00274-00135639-00136071": "look at the ways that we've just selected which if any of those ways", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00275-00136071-00136725": "contain the data that we're interested in so how do we find a cache entry well", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00276-00136725-00137253": "we first of all find out the set here are the number of ways for example I", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00277-00137253-00137622": "didn't mention it in the previous slide that like so 11 the level 1 cache on a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00278-00137622-00138180": "system is 8 way level 2 is also 8 Way and level 3 is 12 or 16 it depends on", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00279-00138180-00138627": "your processor at that point and we're talking here about Intel chips as I said", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00280-00138627-00139017": "the remaining bits after we've done all this set finding are used as a tag so", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00281-00139017-00139955": "but why is that well this is a kind of a block diagram of a four-way cache and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00282-00139955-00140379": "you can see that we have an address at the top there the tag asset and an", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00283-00140379-00140853": "offset the first thing that's going to happen is that the set is going to be", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00284-00140853-00141465": "fed into both the tag data so it's a tag array and a data array and there's a MUX", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00285-00141465-00141978": "there which picks one of the way so that set is picking sorry I apologize one of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00286-00141978-00142533": "the sets that set picks one of the sets the columns in the tag and the data area", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00287-00142533-00143052": "there correspond to sets and then the four from top to bottom correspond to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00288-00143052-00143727": "the ways so our set immediately selects exactly one of the tag columns and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00289-00143727-00144225": "exactly one of the data columns we're gonna say it's this one here now I've", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00290-00144225-00144786": "drawn it over the third tag D and there is an equipment on the data side but it", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00291-00144786-00145236": "with there would be the penultimate one on the data side too so in our tag area", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00292-00145236-00145516": "we just have the tags this is the tags that tell us", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00293-00145516-00146446": "what data is present in that particular way the data from the tags is fed into a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00294-00146446-00146941": "bunch of comparators there is one compact comparator per way and the tag", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00295-00146941-00147301": "is also passed down from the top to those comparators so each of those", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00296-00147301-00147903": "comparators is given the 50 odd bits of the tag plus the 50 50 odd bits of the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00297-00147903-00148399": "tag from the address so we've got the tags from the cache and the tags from", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00298-00148399-00148825": "the address itself and the comparators we'll compare them and have output a 1", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00299-00148825-00149275": "bit if they exactly match in a 0 but if they don't match so in this particular", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00300-00149275-00149635": "instance oh there they are coming down that's the tag coming in to the other", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00301-00149635-00150205": "side of the comparator and if one of them has a 1 bit it will emit a 1 bit", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00302-00150205-00150739": "and now along that yellow path to the output array we will select the data", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00303-00150739-00151486": "that was inside the equivalent way now comparators are pretty expensive areas", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00304-00151486-00152221": "of chip they require loads of bits for the input and loads of bits swap loads", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00305-00152221-00152791": "of bits for each of the inputs as I said for like a level 1 we're talking 50 odd", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00306-00152791-00153337": "bits of comparisons so that's why the number of ways is small in an ideal", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00307-00153337-00153694": "situation we wouldn't have any ways at all and we could actually just put", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00308-00153694-00154374": "arbitrary data in the cache and then we could compare all of the cache lines", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00309-00154374-00155026": "compared at the same time but this has to be extremely quick and the amount of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00310-00155026-00155649": "chip real estate and routing required to get the 50 bits to say 1024 or 4096", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00311-00155649-00156205": "different cache lines would just be impossible within the tiny amount of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00312-00156205-00156820": "times we've got here now on a modern x86 processor this process is of one or two", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00313-00156820-00157411": "cycles and so we're talking around about a third of a nanosecond which is an", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00314-00157411-00157768": "insanely small amount of time we haven't got time to get that amount of data to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00315-00157768-00158170": "too many places so we can't give you to the whole cache the set brings it down", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00316-00158170-00158571": "to a manageable manageable number of comparisons that can be done", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00317-00158571-00159025": "simultaneously so in this example the third way", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00318-00159025-00159526": "contained the data we were interested in and as a result the third MUX comes on", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00319-00159526-00160180": "and the data comes out the corresponding data comes out so does give you a little", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00320-00160180-00160645": "idea about what what kind of orders of magnitude we're talking about here so", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00321-00160645-00161005": "these are this is for a Sandy Bridge which is you know fairly old now the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00322-00161005-00161518": "level one is 32 K and takes around about three cycles level two is 256 and takes", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00323-00161518-00161854": "about eight cycles and the level three somewhere between ten and twenty", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00324-00161854-00162448": "megabytes depending on CPU and that's around about thirty five cycles as a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00325-00162448-00162952": "comparison main memory is around 200 to 250 cycles which is crazy and of course", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00326-00162952-00163303": "the variability in main memory depends on all the things we have spoke about", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00327-00163303-00163726": "earlier that is the whether it's the right row is available whether or not", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00328-00163726-00164092": "there's contention whether there's other devices talking on the bus at the same", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00329-00164092-00164494": "time and DMAs are going on so it's really important that the cache is there", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00330-00164494-00165187": "and the cache is organized in layers mainly because again being able to to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00331-00165187-00166012": "route the data around the chip then we start again getting data around the chip", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00332-00166012-00166474": "itself is is tricky enough so the fact that the 10 or 20 megabytes of level 3", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00333-00166474-00167089": "caches physically separated from the CPU on the chip it's on the same chip but", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00334-00167089-00167416": "it's just further away from the processing logic it means that you need", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00335-00167416-00167770": "a bit longer to go away and fetch it and for the end results to come back we're", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00336-00167770-00168202": "talking about like the speed of light level problems of getting data around", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00337-00168202-00168631": "the chip so the the level 1 will be literally nestled around the chip level", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00338-00168631-00169120": "2 will be a little bit further away and then the level 3 is still further away", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00339-00169120-00169495": "and indeed shared amongst the many processes on one chip whereas the level", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00340-00169495-00170401": "1 and level 2 are per CPU core so then now we're gonna talk about some real", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00341-00170401-00170866": "word map real world measurements so this was measured in a Westmere which was my", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00342-00170866-00171397": "desktop PC at the time a few years ago the disk cache size on this was 32 K", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00343-00171397-00171922": "level 1 256 K level 2 and 12 make of level 3 and Sandy Bridge I'm sure will", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00344-00171922-00172156": "be about the same I put hope for similar timings here I've", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00345-00172156-00172498": "doing similar investigation since I haven't noticed anything that would lead", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00346-00172498-00172963": "me to believe that they are very different we're going to time the cost", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00347-00172963-00173392": "per access of pointer chasing so I'm gonna make allocate a large area of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00348-00173392-00173785": "memory and then I'm gonna fill it through up with structures which have a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00349-00173785-00174412": "pointer to the next element in the inner in some sequence and then we're gonna", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00350-00174412-00174889": "become very things like the size of each element the number of those elements the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00351-00174889-00175387": "total working size and then where the next link points to this means that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00352-00175387-00175837": "within the loop of pointer chasing that we're going to do we don't have to do", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00353-00175837-00176376": "any computation I can link them like this diagram is showing lights", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00354-00176376-00177028": "sequentially so that each node points to the nodes that is physically next to it", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00355-00177028-00177448": "in memory or I can randomize the the pointers and then have essentially", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00356-00177448-00177841": "random order of reading but I don't have to have like a random routine that's", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00357-00177841-00178321": "running so I can just measure the pointer chasing and then depending on", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00358-00178321-00178783": "how I set it up I can see different access patterns and different element", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00359-00178783-00179512": "sizes and working sizes so this first example I've got 16 byte structures and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00360-00179512-00179986": "each one points to the next and I'm just reading from it and then this is the log", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00361-00179986-00180415": "of the working set size at the bottom and you can see that it takes somewhere", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00362-00180415-00180853": "between three and a half and four cycles obviously there should be error bars on", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00363-00180853-00181300": "this they're quite wide but hopefully it's indicative enough of what's going", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00364-00181300-00181738": "on that you can sort of follow along and here you can see that as the log two of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00365-00181738-00182359": "the working set size goes up we see it starts to pick up around 17 16 17 so at", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00366-00182359-00183127": "log to size 16 we're talking 64 K we know that the level 1 if we just go back", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00367-00183127-00183730": "over here level 1 is 32 K so it's surprising that we've managed to get to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00368-00183730-00184342": "64 K but apparently we there's something else going on but this is the point", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00369-00184342-00184741": "where the performance starts to degrade but it's not by very much you know we're", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00370-00184741-00185203": "still talking like the difference between 3.7 in cycles and 4 and a bit", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00371-00185203-00185507": "cycles and then really the interesting things", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00372-00185507-00186296": "started happening about bit 23 so a bit 23 so I log 2 of 23 we have what's that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00373-00186296-00187061": "that is 8 Meg of working set and again going back over here 8 meg is not the 12", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00374-00187061-00187595": "mega of RL 3 but interestingly we're starting to run out of L 3 nonetheless", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00375-00187595-00187958": "but the algorithms are not perfect there is some other I think's going on behind", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00376-00187958-00188123": "the scenes which we'll talk about in a second", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00377-00188123-00188576": "but you can see that the degradation drops pretty much sharply between 23 and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00378-00188576-00189152": "26 and by the time we get to 26 we are at the worst performance but it's still", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00379-00189152-00189701": "not bad we're still talking only a factor of you know two times slower than", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00380-00189701-00190286": "than when we were in l1 so something else is going on we'll talk about that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00381-00190286-00190754": "in a sec if we change the size of the the the elements that we're reading then", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00382-00190754-00191287": "it's pretty much the same story ultimately if we start looking at like", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00383-00191287-00191870": "8,192 bytes strides that's the lower red line you can see that we never really", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00384-00191870-00192503": "get up to sorry the upper red line I'm so sick I'm sorry you can see that it's", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00385-00192503-00193220": "much it now hit like 250 cycles per per read when we're at the the bigger", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00386-00193220-00193703": "working set size interesting in the lower end when we're running around in", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00387-00193703-00194273": "like l1 and l2 really doesn't matter how big we're jumping around but once we", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00388-00194273-00194666": "start getting to these bigger bigger block sizes we're now starting to see", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00389-00194666-00195308": "something of the order of 250 cycles per read which is around about what we would", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00390-00195308-00195908": "expect for ram so at that point the caches are not able to help us so I", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00391-00195908-00196579": "spoke about how come the sequential reads for the small 16 byte elements", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00392-00196579-00197195": "didn't bottom out we slowed down to about 2x this sorry half the speed or", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00393-00197195-00197783": "twice the time taken when when we started getting beyond the l1 and l2 but", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00394-00197783-00198107": "it didn't really bottom out more than that and that's because the processor is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00395-00198107-00198484": "smart enough to notice that we are reading memory so", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00396-00198484-00199137": "when surely beyond the cache size that allows it to start prefetching memory", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00397-00199137-00199680": "areas of the cache will be allocated and RAM that we haven't yet asked for will", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00398-00199680-00200224": "be pulled into cache ahead of the time of us asking it the way that this works", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00399-00200224-00200698": "is that if the processor notices a cache miss on the same instruction it starts", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00400-00200698-00201262": "to infer a stride that that particular instruction is generating so for example", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00401-00201262-00201721": "if you go every 4 K on the same instruction over and over again the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00402-00201721-00202057": "processor will learn that that instruction is going to be reading 4 K", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00403-00202057-00202605": "every single time for 2 K on from the last time and then it can schedule a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00404-00202605-00202972": "prefetch operation to happen behind the scenes so that it's already fetched into", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00405-00202972-00203458": "l3 and l2 before you've even got there also you hope obviously if we look at", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00406-00203458-00203938": "this diagram here there is some kind of shelf where the prefetcher can't keep up", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00407-00203938-00204472": "when we're going say 8 1 9 2 bytes or even 409 6 bytes or 200 486 bytes at a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00408-00204472-00204834": "time so so there is something there which means that the the prefecture is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00409-00204834-00205361": "not able to hide the RAM latency completely from us", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00410-00205361-00206136": "but at the 8 1 9 2 bytes dried why is that able seemingly to do better for", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00411-00206136-00206658": "longer so if we now draw attention to that red line the top slower red line", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00412-00206658-00207250": "although eventually it coincides with that 409 6 green line at the 250 cycles", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00413-00207250-00208119": "at log 2 of 26 you notice it actually does slightly better between 22 and 24", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00414-00208119-00208630": "why might that be well the l3 cache on this particular", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00415-00208630-00209329": "machine is a 12 way 12 Meg cache and the way that that's broken down means that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00416-00209329-00210166": "the 8000 bites tried that we're doing doesn't divide neatly into its into the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00417-00210166-00210907": "sets so with 102 for 204 6 - excuse me 102 for 204 8 and 409 6 that divides", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00418-00210907-00211663": "into the 12,000 to 288 set associative so we keep landing in the same set over", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00419-00211663-00212085": "and over again that means that we're ever kicking out data that was useful to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00420-00212085-00212566": "us before but 8190 does not divide neatly into one to two eight eight so we", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00421-00212566-00212863": "actually get a bit more breathing room that means that we're getting to use two", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00422-00212863-00213510": "different sets for our data and effects we get twice as much space in the cache", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00423-00213510-00213991": "but that's very very specific to this particular architecture it's also worth", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00424-00213991-00214477": "saying that as we are going up in the strives here we are starting to use", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00425-00214477-00215026": "fewer and fewer of the sets that are available to us because if you imagine", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00426-00215026-00215454": "like our l1 where we saw that the bits 6 through 11", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00427-00215454-00215881": "determine which set we're in by the time we're skipping forward you know a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00428-00215881-00216360": "thousand 24 bytes at a time the bits 5 through 11 are going to be the same for", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00429-00216360-00216730": "every cache line we're reading which means that instead of using the entirety", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00430-00216730-00217252": "of the l1 we're now using a very small subset that is the 8 ways of the 1 set", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00431-00217252-00217738": "that we keep landing in over and over again so it's very very common for", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00432-00217738-00218098": "programmers to make things a multiple of powers of two because it makes a lot of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00433-00218098-00218508": "sense both for addressing and address calculation and just because well", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00434-00218508-00219016": "program is like powers of two but there are times when you are reducing the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00435-00219016-00219381": "number of sets of the cache that you are able to use because you keep landing in", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00436-00219381-00219882": "the same set over and over again so it's just something to bear in mind hopefully", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00437-00219882-00220223": "that explains a little bit about what's going on with this particular example so", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00438-00220223-00220741": "now let's have a look at the difference between sequential reads and random", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00439-00220741-00221398": "reads so here we are where we got log two element sizes 6 which is about 32", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00440-00221398-00221882": "oh sorry 64 so we're looking at 64 we're going cache line by cache line here and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00441-00221882-00222628": "we've set the same we're comparing this like we'd like here except that in one", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00442-00222628-00223056": "case the pointers between each block point to the next block that is the blue", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00443-00223056-00223410": "line they're sequential reads and in another case we've completely randomized", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00444-00223410-00223833": "before we started timing the program we've completely randomized the sequence", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00445-00223833-00224358": "in which the pointers point so you can see that for lower values of the working", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00446-00224358-00224859": "set size it really doesn't matter whether we're in order or in random", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00447-00224859-00225214": "order they're coincident right up until seventeen two to the seventeen", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00448-00225214-00225498": "and that's because we're inside the cache and they're in the cache it", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00449-00225498-00226084": "doesn't cost us anything to go around randomly inside the cache and then once", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00450-00226084-00226542": "we start getting outside of the cache sizes now the prefecture kicks in and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00451-00226542-00227019": "provided it can find a decent amount to be prefetching in a decent sequence to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00452-00227019-00227569": "be prefetching then we see the sort of slow drop-off but ultimately we're still", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00453-00227569-00227941": "talking only a few cycles for each memory access the the prefecture is able", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00454-00227941-00228430": "to keep up with our our workload and our workload is completely predictable but", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00455-00228430-00228700": "for the random case the prefecture is probably hurting us", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00456-00228700-00229135": "it may be inferring that there is some kind of stream of data that it's that's", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00457-00229135-00229617": "there that doesn't exist it's completely random and so when not taking advantage", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00458-00229617-00230098": "of the cache at all and we're seeing like the l1 we're missing the l1 and go", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00459-00230098-00230523": "straight to l2 so we can see it's taking us or our l3 so now we're now we're", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00460-00230523-00231184": "hitting like 50 cycles of the l3 latency and the prefecture is probably evicting", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00461-00231184-00231565": "lines of the l3 that are actually useful to us if it knew that we could fit", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00462-00231565-00231952": "inside the l3 and so even before we've exhausted the l3 we're starting to see", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00463-00231952-00232798": "some slowdowns and by the time we've exhausted that the l3 size completely", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00464-00232798-00233298": "we're now just measuring ramps Ram Rees and in fact it looks like it's even", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00465-00233298-00233830": "slower there the 250 that we saw any other graph has been the plateau point", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00466-00233830-00234273": "for sequential reads is going up to more like 300 by the end of the working set", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00467-00234273-00234655": "size there and I can only imagine that's because the RAM is now busy satisfying", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00468-00234655-00235117": "all of these prefetches that perhaps it shouldn't be doing and so we're actually", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00469-00235117-00235711": "getting congested on access to ram as well as as just basically not being able", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00470-00235711-00236233": "to use our cache at all so this is a great example of why you should try and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00471-00236233-00236713": "make your algorithms use sequential scanning techniques instead of random", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00472-00236713-00237178": "pointer chasing although of course it opens up a trade-off potentially in the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00473-00237178-00237880": "type of algorithms that are available to you so yes this is something I've pretty", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00474-00237880-00238312": "much gone over here that the prefetching can actually hurt us and a linear scan", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00475-00238312-00238537": "over data is more than five times better even", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00476-00238537-00239148": "relatively small data sets you can prefetch yourself there are in prefetch", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00477-00239148-00239557": "instructions that can be emitted and their intrinsic for C++ that allow you", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00478-00239557-00240069": "to emit these prefetch instructions which basically hint to the cache", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00479-00240069-00240373": "subsystem that you are going to be accessing a particular kind of memory", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00480-00240373-00240844": "but it's really really hard to get right if you follow any of my other talks", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00481-00240844-00241285": "you'll see that the processes are hugely out of order and so it's very difficult", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00482-00241285-00241579": "to predict when that prefetch instruction will actually hit the memory", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00483-00241579-00242077": "subsystem relative to the data though the instructions that need that data so", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00484-00242077-00242503": "you would normally have to schedule it a heck of a long way ahead so that you can", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00485-00242503-00242860": "guarantee that the prefetch instruction has completed and run and the data is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00486-00242860-00243301": "available in the cache and the other thing to note about the prefetch is that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00487-00243301-00243955": "it overrides something called critical word load so if you miss the cache you", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00488-00243955-00244264": "are only probably reading a small subset of a cache line", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00489-00244264-00244735": "recall that a cache line atom is the 64 bytes that's the minimum amount we can", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00490-00244735-00245338": "either read from the into the cache and we can read from the RAM itself but the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00491-00245338-00245950": "read from ram come out 64 bits at a time so when a cache line is being read one", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00492-00245950-00246427": "might reasonably think that it's read from beginning to end so you read the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00493-00246427-00246844": "first 64 bits the next 64 bits next 64 bits until you've read all the 64 bits", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00494-00246844-00247504": "of that 64 byte cache line all eight sets of them but if the processor is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00495-00247504-00248179": "reading say the the 63rd bite of that cache line that would mean it would have", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00496-00248179-00248608": "to wait 7 memory cycles before the data is available to the processor and it", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00497-00248608-00248878": "could get on with it it's work so there's something called", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00498-00248878-00249267": "critical word load where the memory controller is aware that although it's", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00499-00249267-00249648": "fetching a particular cache line is going to start reading that cache line", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00500-00249648-00250063": "from not necessarily the beginning it can start from like the seventh word and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00501-00250063-00250504": "read 7th and then 8th and then go back to the zeroth rate they will the seventh", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00502-00250504-00250762": "would be the last one in that case if we talk about zero but it could start with", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00503-00250762-00251239": "the last 64 bits of that cache line and then it can forward it to the processor", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00504-00251239-00251611": "before it's even finished reading the entire cache line", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00505-00251611-00252017": "obviously given what we've said that's the difference between like five or six", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00506-00252017-00252430": "memory cycles compared to all of the set-up time so it's not a huge win but", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00507-00252430-00252965": "it it might be important and if you manually prefetch you are only", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00508-00252965-00253534": "prefetching a cache line that means that if the processor later on faults and the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00509-00253534-00253867": "prefetch is already in progress that prefetch will happen from the beginning", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00510-00253867-00254192": "of the line and not from the critical word that you might actually need within", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00511-00254192-00254569": "that fine that's a fairly technical thing to talk about but prefetching is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00512-00254569-00255001": "really really difficult to get right and the only kind of things where I've seen", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00513-00255001-00255646": "it useful is where you have data that is chained and you're going to do some", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00514-00255646-00256135": "pointer chasing in a random random way but before you get to the next element", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00515-00256135-00256549": "you have a lot of work to do a lot of computation to do and then it might just", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00516-00256549-00257176": "be worth doing a prefetch so that the prefetch can be the memory can be warm", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00517-00257176-00257548": "for you before you've finished doing your long lengthy calculation but", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00518-00257548-00257854": "software pipelining also does that so they affect you if you just start", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00519-00257854-00258242": "reading the next element if you start chasing that pointer already then", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00520-00258242-00258646": "chances are the out of order system is going to start reordering things around", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00521-00258646-00259139": "you so that the long calculation takes up the execution resources and you've", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00522-00259139-00259606": "already started doing the thing at the other end of the pointer chase it", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00523-00259606-00260032": "it just comes out in a wash it's very hard to find a prefetch instruction that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00524-00260032-00260584": "is well-placed I invite anyone to to give me a counter example I'd love to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00525-00260584-00261085": "see some good well-placed prefetches that work across architectures we're", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00526-00261085-00261646": "even within like x86 so let's have a quick look at how writes compared to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00527-00261646-00261965": "reads as you can see they are just more", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00528-00261965-00262525": "expensive as you might imagine writing causes two things one the cache has to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00529-00262525-00262843": "be brought in sometimes if you're if you're filling a whole cache line up the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00530-00262843-00263128": "processor is sometimes smart enough to not bother bringing in what was there", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00531-00263128-00263794": "before to allow you to write over it but it also requires and potentially another", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00532-00263794-00264239": "area of the cache to be flushed and when we were just doing reading the cache is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00533-00264239-00264577": "smart enough to know that you hadn't modified anything so that data could", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00534-00264577-00264902": "just be discarded from the cache and replaced with new data to cache", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00535-00264902-00265436": "however if you've written to memory then that cache line can't be discarded", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00536-00265436-00265859": "because it has modified data in it that data has to be flushed back to main", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00537-00265859-00266247": "memory or to the higher levels of the cache before the cache line can be", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00538-00266247-00266850": "reused for holding other data so now those two things fold in to why writing", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00539-00266850-00267159": "is more expensive than reading in this instance here and you can see that it's", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00540-00267159-00267621": "you know of the order of twice as slow but a broadly fat follows the same", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00541-00267621-00268224": "patterns and here we are doing sequential writes those don't", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00542-00268224-00268641": "necessarily have quite the same characteristic as right as reads", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00543-00268641-00268944": "although actually now looking at this graph they are very very similar to the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00544-00268944-00269418": "the read ones they're just a little slower overall there's nothing", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00545-00269418-00269913": "particularly interesting there okay we're gonna move on to virtual memory", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00546-00269913-00270639": "now so virtual memory how does that fit into all of this so we know that virtual", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00547-00270639-00271074": "memory is a way of saying that the address space that a particular process", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00548-00271074-00271581": "sees is not the physical address space of all these memory chips so the things", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00549-00271581-00271869": "you've plugged into the board the things that you're going to do that the memory", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00550-00271869-00272304": "controllers can be doing ro X ro access select and column selection and all that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00551-00272304-00272553": "kind of stuff they live in a physical address space", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00552-00272553-00273171": "where perhaps between 0 and 256 Meg isn't the first Ram chip maybe the next", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00553-00273171-00273624": "ones that like 2 terabytes - 6 terabytes I really don't know how the physical", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00554-00273624-00273908": "layer works and it's really unimportant but the key thing is that it's not the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00555-00273908-00274473": "same as the way that you refer to it when you're writing your programs so how", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00556-00274473-00274910": "do we look up the mapping between the logical address that I'm dealing with", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00557-00274910-00275505": "and the actual physical address that the CPU needs to emit a read for we have a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00558-00275505-00276216": "whole bunch of hierarchical directories that tell us what to do for this swath", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00559-00276216-00276663": "of the address space and so here you can see the level 4 level 3 level 2 level 1", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00560-00276663-00276986": "and offset there that is actually a 64-bit address it's not very clear I", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00561-00276986-00277377": "should have put that on the slide there but some number of the top bits are", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00562-00277377-00277863": "peeled away and they're used to look up inside the top level root directory so", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00563-00277863-00278291": "though if you'll take for example like we read that those top bits are all", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00564-00278291-00278693": "one so we look at the last entry in the l4 directory and the l4 directory they", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00565-00278693-00279263": "will say whether or not this slice this this data so he addresses beginning with", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00566-00279263-00279733": "this sequence of bits whether that's a valid address or not if it's not an", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00567-00279733-00280022": "invalid address then there's that's the end we're going to page fault if you try", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00568-00280022-00280541": "to access memory there if it is a valid address then some bits get forwarded on", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00569-00280541-00281228": "along with so you know yes some bits get forwarded on to the level three", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00570-00281228-00281576": "directory and then we take the next few bits and use that to index into the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00571-00281576-00282286": "level three directory I am sorry so the bits I get forwarded as bits are used to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00572-00282286-00282896": "select which l3 directory we are going to look in then we take our l3 index", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00573-00282896-00283388": "bits and we use them to index into that particular directory so to recap the l4", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00574-00283388-00283678": "directory is the root directory that's like there's a process of register which", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00575-00283678-00284086": "will say this is where you're going to be reading all your directories you're", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00576-00284086-00284656": "going to start reading a directory from the l4 index looks in the l4 directory", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00577-00284656-00285157": "if there's an entry it will tell us which l3 directory to look at then we", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00578-00285157-00285599": "look at the hell 3 directory and we peel off some more bits from our our address", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00579-00285599-00285977": "and we use that to index the l3 and provide there's a mapping for that we", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00580-00285977-00286313": "continue the process down so now we're going to read the l2 and then the l1 and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00581-00286313-00286684": "finally the l1 we'll say this is where the memory actually lives this is the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00582-00286684-00287114": "physical address of the memory that is trying to be accessed we then take the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00583-00287114-00287605": "remaining bits and that will be the offset within that memory page now that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00584-00287605-00288052": "as it happens the most cpu support different sized pages so that at some", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00585-00288052-00288464": "points you can short-circuit and say like at l3 no no no this is now a 2 gig", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00586-00288464-00288974": "slab of ram it just lives over here or l2 you can say this is a to make slab of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00587-00288974-00289622": "ram that kind of thing but you can see that this requires 4 reads to go through", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00588-00289622-00290117": "those directories so imagine what would happen if with all this caching it's", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00589-00290117-00290428": "great we can we don't have to read memory all that often we can just read", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00590-00290428-00290825": "the cache but we need to know what memory the process actually wanted and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00591-00290825-00291307": "so when I do move EAX comma some address if I had to walk through all of this", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00592-00291307-00291653": "every time I'd be issuing for reads just to determine which", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00593-00291653-00292349": "the read from my mob instruction was four so there's another cache the TL B's", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00594-00292349-00292901": "these are caches for this translation and this is slightly out of date again", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00595-00292901-00293381": "because this is referring to an older serial sequences of processes but you", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00596-00293381-00294053": "can see that we have a multi-level cache here which turns logical addresses into", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00597-00294053-00294422": "physical addresses or slabs of logical addresses into slabs of physical", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00598-00294422-00294859": "addresses so in this particular example of CP which I believe is the Sandy", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00599-00294859-00295613": "Bridge the l1 has 64 4 K page entries and 32 to make page entries so what this", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00600-00295613-00296269": "means is that at any point in time the address translations for 64 times for K", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00601-00296269-00296966": "which is what 256 K are around and about and in the TLB which means that every", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00602-00296966-00297383": "time a move instruction a read from memory or write to memory happens if", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00603-00297383-00298013": "it's within that 256 K of already cached in the TLB space then the physical", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00604-00298013-00298411": "address is immediately available that's great because we need that in order to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00605-00298411-00298883": "determine whether or not we're looking in the right spot inside our data caches", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00606-00298883-00299195": "and indeed we definitely need it if we need to go up to main memory because we", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00607-00299195-00299771": "need to know the actual physical address of this memory if you've seen huge pages", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00608-00299771-00300347": "in Linux these are these 2 megabyte pages they are somewhat difficult to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00609-00300347-00300701": "configure but they are worthwhile because you can effectively group 2", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00610-00300701-00301451": "megabytes slabs of physical memory and index them using only a smaller using", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00611-00301451-00301847": "like a dedicated sis areas of the TLB and obviously that means that with the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00612-00301847-00302270": "30 to 2 megabyte page entries there if you're using 2 megabyte pages for your", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00613-00302270-00302783": "critical data we actually have 64 megabytes of space for me to read and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00614-00302783-00303409": "write in to my heart's content and never miss the TLB if we do miss the l1 TLB", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00615-00303409-00303914": "then there's an l2 TLB and there we've got 512 five four", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00616-00303914-00304379": "page entries which is what to make of data so that's still not all that much", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00617-00304379-00304982": "which means that you might have more data available in your l1 l2 and l3 then", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00618-00304982-00305195": "you actually find the physical addresses for", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00619-00305195-00305561": "using your TL B's which is a kind of mind-bending thing we don't really think", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00620-00305561-00306278": "about the TLB all that much now the TL B's are flushed on context", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00621-00306278-00306638": "switches now this used to be wrong this slide used to have this and I actually", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00622-00306638-00307124": "did removed it but thanks to the meltdown inspector bugs this is now true", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00623-00307124-00307694": "again if you have got the meltdown patches and you don't have the PC ID", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00624-00307694-00308570": "feature in your CPU then the kernel which is has mappings as has its", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00625-00308570-00309116": "mappings removed from user space needs to replumb all of the address tables and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00626-00309116-00309452": "in doing so it needs to flush the TLB to make sure you can't read data you're not", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00627-00309452-00309830": "supposed to be able to read and that's extremely expensive", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00628-00309830-00310256": "now it says not needed for transition out of kernel again if that's it that's", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00629-00310256-00311081": "only true if if you haven't got the Kaiser address base kernel isolation", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00630-00311081-00311525": "patch applied if you have got the kernel isolation address base isolation patch", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00631-00311525-00312077": "applied then it is needed but if you've got PC ID which most modern processors", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00632-00312077-00312413": "do then there are other ways of ensuring that the TLB does need to be flushed", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00633-00312413-00312863": "because flushing the TLB is obviously very very expensive without a TLB every", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00634-00312863-00313364": "memory access will take those four reads here in order to just work out the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00635-00313364-00313769": "address in physical memory before you can even progress with reading from that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00636-00313769-00314228": "physical memory now that's TLB entries the paged walking I believe is also", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00637-00314228-00314687": "pulled into the caches so there are some synergies there between the various", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00638-00314687-00315152": "caches but TL B's are something to be thinking about it's also what's mating", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00639-00315152-00315530": "noting that the TLB czar usually split for instructions and data so there's an", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00640-00315530-00316172": "ITR be in a DTL b as there is indeed an l1 DN l1 i data cache as well so those", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00641-00316172-00316463": "are separate for the data and the instruction stream but the l2 and above", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00642-00316463-00317252": "are shared i don't know how their shared 40lbs above the level one so let's think", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00643-00317252-00317678": "about how that can fit in the l1 is fast and small so we definitely definitely", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00644-00317678-00318080": "definitely want to be able to read from our l1 as soon as possible and in this", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00645-00318080-00318371": "instance what we're going to be doing is when you're", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00646-00318371-00319334": "looking in the l1 the alt the search in the l1 cache is started before the the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00647-00319334-00319778": "results from the TLB have come in so that means that we may find we identify", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00648-00319778-00320195": "the sets that are interesting to us just using bits that do not contribute to the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00649-00320195-00320537": "physical address that's one of the reasons why the l1 is small I mean", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00650-00320537-00321014": "obviously as well as it being having to be super fast it's super convenient for", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00651-00321014-00321422": "us to be able to say that like bits 11 through zero don't actually factor into", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00652-00321422-00321983": "the physical address so we can use them inside the little one this means that we", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00653-00321983-00322676": "can start reading from we can issue a read to those those sets and get them in", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00654-00322676-00323270": "the comparator then when we check the tags we have to have waited for the TLB", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00655-00323270-00323978": "so there could be a couple of pipelines stages going before the the physical tag", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00656-00323978-00324506": "bits are available from the translated address so that's when it means when we", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00657-00324506-00324920": "say the l1 is physically tagged and virtually indexed we use the virtual", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00658-00324920-00325577": "address to pick the set and the offset within the set and then the tag comes", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00659-00325577-00325832": "from the physical address and that can come a little bit later on in the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00660-00325832-00326369": "process and again you can see this is where the meltdown vulnerability sort of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00661-00326369-00326846": "comes in is this is kind of a synchronous asynchronous asynchrony T", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00662-00326846-00327338": "between sides the chip of the l1 level and so the DTR B is read in parallel", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00663-00327338-00327656": "with the cache fetch that's kind of that there and obviously the D TLB also as", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00664-00327656-00328079": "well as having the top physical bits will also have the permissions as to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00665-00328079-00328412": "whether or not you're allowed to read that or not and then we get meltdown if", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00666-00328412-00328691": "the data is read and the permissions are any check later", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00667-00328691-00329234": "so the l2 and above are a much larger and an so fast as we know so by the time", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00668-00329234-00329603": "we're looking in the l2 we are just using the physical address entirely and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00669-00329603-00329990": "we need more bits anyway so we do need to have that physical address in order", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00670-00329990-00330698": "to choose the set within the l2 and l3 so here's a example of for case", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00671-00330698-00331241": "sequentially read with small pages and with huge pages and you can see there's", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00672-00331241-00331551": "not much in it for this particular workload", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00673-00331551-00332115": "the sequential reads for to make pages are universally faster around about", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00674-00332115-00332571": "going on from like slog to or 17 upwards and they don't have that sort of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00675-00332571-00333240": "drop-off around 18 to 23 that the sequential reads do presumably because", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00676-00333240-00333629": "those four K pages the TLB is being missed", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00677-00333629-00333894": "and then we're starting to see performance degradation while we're", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00678-00333894-00334242": "waiting for the memory system to catch up with us just reading the physical", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00679-00334242-00334794": "address mapping of the logical date logical addresses we're using the the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00680-00334794-00335183": "sequential reason to to make pages just we don't see that until we hit two to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00681-00335183-00335792": "the 23 which is one Meg if I'm remembering right oh no that's that's", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00682-00335792-00336378": "eight Meg isn't it so that's interesting in itself and then we start falling off", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00683-00336378-00336795": "the cliff and it seems that in general reading from these two make pages is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00684-00336795-00337269": "faster than it is than the four K pages but only by a tiny bit if you look at", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00685-00337269-00337653": "the scale on the left hand side they're the difference between the sort of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00686-00337653-00338220": "endgame is the difference between like 6.3 cycles per memory access and you", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00687-00338220-00338892": "know 6.4 something like that and then some more data here on huge pages here", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00688-00338892-00339291": "I'm not even sure I can't remember what this one's all about oh this is where", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00689-00339291-00339588": "the bigger elements lie so sorry but the previous one here we were looking at 32", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00690-00339588-00340229": "bytes 16 byte excuse me sixteen byte elements and with this one we're now", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00691-00340229-00340859": "looking at two to the twelve size of elements and again broadly flatlined", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00692-00340859-00341517": "performance slightly faster for the to make pages and in interesting some of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00693-00341517-00341838": "almost it gets the faster as time time goes and I'm not quite sure what's going", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00694-00341838-00342276": "on with that there must be something to do with the interplay between the TLB", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00695-00342276-00342765": "and also the l3 yeah that little I haven't really drug dug into why that's", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00696-00342765-00342905": "different but it's interesting nonetheless", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00697-00342905-00343569": "so there's beta 15 cycles difference there which I don't can't explain so our", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00698-00343569-00344298": "final topic is multi processing so the bus between CPUs is too slow to share", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00699-00344298-00344841": "all the caches and now we're talking about at the moment the sea", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00700-00344841-00345195": "use on a single package that's one physical chip inside your machine so", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00701-00345195-00345624": "most machines will actually only have one physical chip inside of them one CPU", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00702-00345624-00346275": "with maybe six or maybe twelve CPUs within them but the interconnect between", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00703-00346275-00346659": "those is just too slow to share all the caches we want to be able to me access", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00704-00346659-00347313": "the l1 and l2 really really really quick so the TLB the l1 and l2 a unique per", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00705-00347313-00347853": "core they're all shared by this two hyper threads on the same core which is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00706-00347853-00348147": "another topic of discussion but we're not gonna go into that right now but", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00707-00348147-00348789": "they are not shared with the other real cause on the system the l3 though is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00708-00348789-00349311": "shared by all cores on a socket on a package and a physical chip so and then", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00709-00349311-00349614": "the l3 is usually sort of distributed around the space if you ever look at a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00710-00349614-00350250": "picture of one of the chips if you see the huge regular areas between like less", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00711-00350250-00350691": "regular areas that's the l3 cache and so actually different parts of the l3 may", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00712-00350691-00350931": "be further away from your particular core or not", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00713-00350931-00351486": "so the l3 access times actually have an area of variability between them it's", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00714-00351486-00351920": "not like a set amount of time if you miss the l3 or sorry if you hit the l3", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00715-00351920-00352578": "so how on earth if two CPUs are reading and writing to the same area of memory", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00716-00352578-00353082": "and they have their own independent l1 and l2 how on earth can they maintain a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00717-00353082-00353850": "consistent view and allow things like shared state between them well there is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00718-00353850-00354438": "a chat going on between all the CPUs there's a set of a protocol called meze", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00719-00354438-00354930": "this is an extremely simplified version of the way that the CPUs really talk to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00720-00354930-00355215": "each other but there are many many more States and many other clever edge", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00721-00355215-00355991": "transitions but this is will give you an idea about how this kind of memory", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00722-00355991-00356559": "coherence is is achieved so every cache line in addition to its tag bits and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00723-00356559-00357000": "additions to its permissions bits and in addition to its data has a set of states", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00724-00357000-00357822": "it could be either modified the M exclusive shared or invalid obviously", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00725-00357822-00358119": "invalid is easy it means that we haven't read anything into this particular cache", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00726-00358119-00358457": "line yet or it's been wiped out for what for some", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00727-00358457-00358949": "reason or other it's been flashed or it could be modified that's also pretty", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00728-00358949-00359292": "straightforward that means that we are the only person on the sorry I'm going", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00729-00359292-00359861": "to talk in a personal sense here we are the only CPU that has this cache line", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00730-00359861-00360257": "loaded and it is dirty we have changed it in some way so we are now the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00731-00360257-00360969": "authoritative source for the 64 bytes of memory so it's the EM State modified it", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00732-00360969-00361352": "can be e exclusive that means that we know through some other mechanism that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00733-00361352-00361751": "that we are all we have the one and only copy loaded into cache", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00734-00361751-00362364": "but we haven't modified it yeah so nobody else has it but we haven't", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00735-00362364-00363015": "changed it that's the e exclusive state it can be shared that means that it is", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00736-00363015-00363500": "possibly shared it's a bit of a misnomer we suspect that someone else may have", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00737-00363500-00364055": "this in their cache as well but none of us have changed it so it's again a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00738-00364055-00364494": "read-only copy of data that is unmodified and may be shared with other", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00739-00364494-00365008": "chips and then the invalid we've already talked about here are all the possible", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00740-00365008-00365609": "transitions that can happen between these various states and it's far too", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00741-00365609-00366035": "mind-bending to go into detail right now but we'll talk about some of the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00742-00366035-00366495": "transitions so going from the invalid state to the exclusive or shared which", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00743-00366495-00367113": "means that somebody else has said they'd read the either we've read it or someone", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00744-00367113-00367548": "else has said that they read it on the bus saying hey I read this memory", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00745-00367548-00367944": "location I got it now those are those are somewhat expensive right I mean", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00746-00367944-00368193": "especially if you're fetching the data yourself then you have to wait for it to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00747-00368193-00368640": "come into your cache and then you marketers being either exclusive I've", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00748-00368640-00368984": "got the only copy or shared hey I've got this but I think someone else has got it", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00749-00368984-00369734": "too it's almost free to go from the exclusive to modified so if you know", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00750-00369734-00370181": "that you have the only copy of this information in your cache right now and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00751-00370181-00370716": "then you write to it that is you modify it then all you need to do is change the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00752-00370716-00371217": "bit that says it's exclusive to is giving to it's now modified and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00753-00371217-00371730": "exclusive it's really pretty expensive to go from", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00754-00371730-00372147": "the invalid to the modified stay that means you didn't have it before to now", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00755-00372147-00372495": "you've got it it's exclusive it's the only copy in the system and you've", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00756-00372495-00373203": "modified it or from the S state the shared state to the modify state the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00757-00373203-00373593": "reason for this is you have to tell all the other CPUs that you're about to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00758-00373593-00374379": "steal something that they might have so for example if you're in a shared state", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00759-00374379-00374964": "you know or suspect that someone else also has this in their cache and so", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00760-00374964-00375431": "before you can modify it you have to make sure that everyone else has moved", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00761-00375431-00376032": "their shared data into the invalid state or thrown it away there you have to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00762-00376032-00376283": "throw away their copies because you're about to change it and you're going to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00763-00376283-00376886": "be the authoritative source this is called a request for ownership so a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00764-00376886-00377355": "request for ownership is I'm about to modify something that I think you might", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00765-00377355-00378011": "have so you must flush it and and I have to wait until you've done that and I", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00766-00378011-00378495": "potentially even have to reread it because potentially you you you had a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00767-00378495-00378867": "modified copy to actually no that's not true if you're in a shared state you", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00768-00378867-00379302": "know that nobody else has modified it so you can go straight to the modified", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00769-00379302-00379760": "state if you're an invalid state I you haven't got this at all you have to do", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00770-00379760-00380238": "an RF Oh to say look maybe someone else has this you have to flush it and then I", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00771-00380238-00380547": "have to read it from you so if someone else has got a modified", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00772-00380547-00380882": "copy of the cache line you're interested in you need to let them flush it then", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00773-00380882-00381294": "you need to get a copy of it and then you can say that now it's mine so those", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00774-00381294-00381678": "are why that's expensive so the minimum transaction for this", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00775-00381678-00382323": "obviously is one entire cache line so if you have two threads that are sharing", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00776-00382323-00383019": "data then obviously you're you have to have this RF oh if they're if they're", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00777-00383019-00383364": "modifying a piece of state between the two of them then as you read it you need", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00778-00383364-00383750": "to say hey has anyone else got this I need to cut an up-to-date copy of it or", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00779-00383750-00384138": "if you're modifying you to say hey make sure you haven't got a copy of this I'm", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00780-00384138-00384522": "about to change it that's an expensive conversation between two CPUs", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00781-00384522-00385125": "but if you're not sharing data at least not on purpose make sure that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00782-00385125-00385677": "any data that you one thread is using is at least 64 bytes away from data that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00783-00385677-00386088": "another threat might be using now if you're just reading it it's not such an", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00784-00386088-00386490": "important thing you can definitely share as much data in a read-only fashion as", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00785-00386490-00386922": "nobody needs to request ownership but if you're modifying if you've got two", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00786-00386922-00387258": "threads running for example one has an integer that's incrementing and another", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00787-00387258-00387606": "one that has an integer that's incrementing and they're independent as", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00788-00387606-00388113": "far as your mindset and thought processes go if those two integers that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00789-00388113-00388575": "are being incremented are in the same cache line then those two CPUs will be", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00790-00388575-00388928": "fighting each other forevermore to own that cache line", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00791-00388928-00389295": "thread one will execute the err increment and it says I need to get hold", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00792-00389295-00389805": "of this but it knows that it hasn't got that cache line in a moment exclusively", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00793-00389805-00390072": "because it knows that someone else has modified this in the invalid state so it", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00794-00390072-00390450": "has to issue a request for ownership from the other CPU the other CPU has to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00795-00390450-00390843": "flush it to ram switches back to you you increment the number and of course then", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00796-00390843-00391068": "the other thread says well I want to increment it now and it ping pongs", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00797-00391068-00391488": "backwards and forwards between the two cache between the two CPUs and and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00798-00391488-00392010": "that's an expensive operation and it can be hugely devastating to your", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00799-00392010-00392411": "performance if you are unaware so if you have multiple threads accessing shared", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00800-00392411-00392877": "data in a readwrite fashion make sure that those data structures are at least", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00801-00392877-00393288": "64 bytes or at least in different cache lines from each other if you don't need", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00802-00393288-00393990": "to actually share them let's talk a little bit about multi chip solutions so", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00803-00393990-00394475": "when you have more than one physical CPU so the picture at the bottom left there", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00804-00394475-00395364": "has four physical CPUs each of those would have maybe 16 or so like CPUs", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00805-00395364-00395798": "within it sorry let me explain it again those CPUs are physical packages of", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00806-00395798-00396609": "processors and each package has multiple CPU cores inside of it so most high-end", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00807-00396609-00397005": "machines are set up this way so most servers that you if you're if you're", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00808-00397005-00397245": "used to using servers or very very high-end desktop machines will have", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00809-00397245-00397845": "maybe two physical CPUs and therefore you know 32 processors in total be aware", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00810-00397845-00398242": "that the conversations between those CPUs", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00811-00398242-00398915": "are expensive and the RAM is plugged directly into those CPUs if you recall", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00812-00398915-00399458": "we used to have a North Bridge which the RAM fell off off nowadays the North", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00813-00399458-00399827": "Bridge the memory controller is in the physical package of the CPU which means", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00814-00399827-00400397": "that the RAM has to be plugged into at one of the CPUs or in the case of the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00815-00400397-00400745": "example the bottom right hand corner bottom left-hand corner we've got four", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00816-00400745-00401348": "CPUs each of which has its own local ram now that Ram forms the RAM of your", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00817-00401348-00401927": "computer and the RAM can be routed between CPU so if you need to access the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00818-00401927-00402596": "RAM on plugged into CPU - from CPU one that can be achieved but it's slower now", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00819-00402596-00403265": "Linux by default will stripe RAM between all of the different Numa so a Numis", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00820-00403265-00403571": "stands for non-uniform memory architecture and here we actually have", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00821-00403571-00403943": "that you know that the RAM is not uniform you cannot uniformly access", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00822-00403943-00404360": "memory around the system it's it depends on where it's plugged in and where you", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00823-00404360-00405122": "are running so Linux will strike this to try and make effective use of the RAM", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00824-00405122-00405452": "across the whole machine but it may not be what you want if you've got a very", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00825-00405452-00405812": "very fast process that is turning through Ram you might want to say only", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00826-00405812-00406505": "allocate ram memory of this cpu on these CPUs from the RAM that is physically", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00827-00406505-00407072": "plugged into those CPUs or by the the bus attached to it so definitely measure", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00828-00407072-00407597": "it there's a pro command LS Topo which will show that topology of your system", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00829-00407597-00407873": "and you can sort of see how everything fits together and you can see there were", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00830-00407873-00408266": "the RAM is there or not also worth noting that things like network cards", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00831-00408266-00408791": "are plugged into PCI buses that themselves are part of the usually part", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00832-00408791-00409316": "of the the fast path for the RAM I don't have drawn it there on the Southbridge", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00833-00409316-00409664": "I'm less sure about that now but I have definitely experienced the cases where", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00834-00409664-00410168": "network cards plugged into one socket go to one CPU and plug into a different", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00835-00410168-00410579": "socket go to the other CPU in a multi CPU system and so it's important to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00836-00410579-00411038": "allocate memory and bind your processes if you really care about performance to", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00837-00411038-00411612": "the correct physical CPU nodes so that they are adjacent to the memory and the", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00838-00411612-00412244": "peripherals that they're using so in summary this has turned out to be a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00839-00412244-00412565": "quite a long talk and I apologize for not breaking into smaller pieces but", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00840-00412565-00413060": "let's go over what what we can do so the first thing we want to do is make sure", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00841-00413060-00413517": "we can make effective use of that cache we should know how big the cache lines", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00842-00413517-00413931": "are so that we know that keeping data small means that we're using fewer cache", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00843-00413931-00414606": "lines and fewer less amounts of the cache we know that l1 l2 and l3 have", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00844-00414606-00414933": "different sizes and have different characteristics we know that there's a", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00845-00414933-00415343": "prefecture which can help us if we're doing linear scans or near as near as", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00846-00415343-00415814": "have it linear scans and we can we know that the prefetcher can actually hurt us", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00847-00415814-00416412": "in some cases because if we're doing genuine random movement then it can be", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00848-00416412-00416721": "taking up some of our memory bandwidth so it's just another reason to avoid", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00849-00416721-00417200": "pointer chasing prefetching is is possible but it's very tricky to get", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00850-00417200-00417725": "right we didn't talk about this but it is possible to bypass the cache", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00851-00417725-00418263": "completely when appropriate now when that is appropriate is is very", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00852-00418263-00418610": "difficult to know for certain but if you're going to be copying an awful lot", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00853-00418610-00418977": "of data from one area to another then you can use instructions that don't", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00854-00418977-00419457": "actually allocate cache memory they just don't store directly to memory you have", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00855-00419457-00420035": "to be very very careful because the usual rules of x86 memory coherency go", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00856-00420035-00420272": "out the window and you must you're responsible for doing the right amount", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00857-00420272-00420968": "of offenses but you effectively could do say a mem copy without flooding your", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00858-00420968-00421356": "cache with data you don't care about so if you're gonna copy a ton of memory", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00859-00421356-00421680": "from one area to another and then not look at it straight away or it's much", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00860-00421680-00422096": "more than the cache you could use a non cash polluting store to store that", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00861-00422096-00422775": "memory out without allocating tons of so it wouldn't be a memory if memset say", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00862-00422775-00423089": "you can use a non cash polluting store to make sure that like you aren't", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00863-00423089-00423422": "bringing all this data you're not going to use straight away into the cache but", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00864-00423422-00423792": "again it's very difficult to get right and it's very specialist but it be aware", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00865-00423792-00424392": "that it exists and so now we make the last slide I've got a questions thing", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00866-00424392-00424725": "there because this is the the presentation I gave at", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00867-00424725-00425196": "and this is when people gave ask me questions my email address is there my", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00868-00425196-00425559": "twitter handle is there a lot of the ramp stuff towards the beginning was", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00869-00425559-00425937": "based on heavily on what every programmer should know about memory by", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00870-00425937-00426623": "Ulrich Draper and I recommend you read this it's an excellent article it's even", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00871-00426623-00426921": "older than this presentation by some margin but it's still very very relevant", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00872-00426921-00427223": "and if you have any questions please feel free to reach out to me on Twitter", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00873-00427223-00427659": "or email me I hope you've enjoyed this and if you have please like and", "4pVM_Gii_zM-00874-00427659-00428159": "subscribe to my channel I hope to do more of these thank you"}}, {"audio_id": "4OfqjrowgDI", "text": {"4OfqjrowgDI-00000-00003744-00005701": "Hype In Yo", "4OfqjrowgDI-00001-00005701-00006820": "Face", "4OfqjrowgDI-00002-00006820-00006925": "Backstabbers"}}, {"audio_id": "4Os2ZQpgdA4", "text": {"4Os2ZQpgdA4-00000-00001073-00001524": "Pentagon Spells Out Details of Troops� New Retirement System.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00001-00001524-00002027": "The Defense Department on Wednesday laid out the final details for its new blended retirement", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00002-00002027-00002519": "system for military personnel, which will automatically enroll new service members and", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00003-00002519-00002863": "give existing troops the option of signing up.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00004-00002863-00003403": "The changes were included in the fiscal 2016 Defense authorization bill as the result of", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00005-00003403-00003944": "a longstanding effort to reform military service members� compensation package.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00006-00003944-00004530": "Deputy Defense Secretary Robert Work, an Obama appointee who President Trump asked to stay", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00007-00004530-00005073": "on, officially issued the policy that will take effect in 2018.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00008-00005073-00005567": "Under the system, new troops would automatically be enrolled in the Thrift Savings Plan and", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00009-00005567-00005895": "receive a matching contribution from the government.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00010-00005895-00006393": "The government will contribute between 1 percent and 5 percent of service members� salaries", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00011-00006393-00006923": "toward their TSPs, depending on what they elect to contribute themselves, though they", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00012-00006923-00007327": "will be defaulted into contributing 3 percent of their paychecks.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00013-00007327-00007719": "The TSP account will begin 60 days into their service.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00014-00007719-00008306": "Those who stay in the military for 20 years, and are thereby entitled to a retirement pension,", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00015-00008306-00008720": "would receive a less generous calculation for their annuity.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00016-00008720-00009203": "The new system moves away from the 20-year, all-or-nothing pension system currently in", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00017-00009203-00009436": "place for military members.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00018-00009436-00010020": "Only about 17 percent of troops serve for 20 years and become eligible for the benefit.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00019-00010020-00010456": "To encourage members to stay in the military, they would receive �continuation pay�", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00020-00010456-00010725": "after 12 years of service.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00021-00010725-00011289": "That payment will amount to between 2.5 and 13 times service members� monthly basic", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00022-00011289-00011389": "pay.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00023-00011389-00011842": "The guidance allows members to receive the payment in one lump or in four equal installments", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00024-00011842-00012077": "spread out over four years.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00025-00012077-00012611": "Individuals who accept the bonus must sign on to at least three additional years of service,", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00026-00012611-00013018": "and may have to repay it if they do not complete the added time.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00027-00013018-00013575": "The new blended retirement system only automatically affects new service members starting Jan.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00028-00013575-00013837": "1, 2018.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00029-00013837-00014268": "Current service members are grandfathered into the existing system, but can opt into", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00030-00014268-00014409": "the new one.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00031-00014409-00014795": "They will have all of 2018 to make their decision.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00032-00014795-00015318": "The Pentagon is in the process of educating troops about the modified retirement system,", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00033-00015318-00015648": "and launched its third of four courses this week.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00034-00015648-00016159": "Troops electing to enroll in the blended system must complete the training to be eligible.", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00035-00016159-00016621": "Once enrolled via the �myPay� website, the decision is irrevocable, the guidance", "4Os2ZQpgdA4-00036-00016621-00017636": "stated."}}, {"audio_id": "4PdgTPTGRgg", "text": {"4PdgTPTGRgg-00000-00000016-00000664": "the drop shippers guide to sourcing from aliexpress part one of two hey guys welcome", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00001-00000664-00001208": "to this video i wanna teach you how to use aliexpress this is a great guide for aliexpress", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00002-00001208-00001688": "if you've been wanting to use aliexpress for this this is the video for you so watch until the very", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00003-00001688-00002112": "end now i will tell you this is a two-part video you're going to want to watch part two also", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00004-00002112-00002496": "they're both very short and to the point and they're going to educate you so that you don't", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00005-00002496-00002944": "have any problems and you actually make some money so before we get started if you're brand", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00006-00002944-00003320": "new don't forget to subscribe hit that subscribe button down there don't forget to ring the bell", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00007-00003320-00003824": "turn on all bell notifications so you're notified each and every time i do one of these videos and", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00008-00003824-00004272": "yeah give me a thumbs up too if you don't mind all right let's get going first off let's talk about", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00009-00004272-00004824": "what drop shipping is what drop shipping is drop shipping is actually selling a product that you", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00010-00004824-00005312": "don't own okay that you don't own so essentially you're going out and you're selling a product", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00011-00005384-00005872": "and you don't have it yet but when somebody pays you you pay the manufacturer or the distributor", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00012-00005928-00006288": "for the product and then they're going to actually mail it out to your customer now the advantages to", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00013-00006288-00006792": "this is that you don't have to stock any inventory you don't have to put stuff in packages you don't", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00014-00006792-00007231": "have to put labels on stuff you could do this from anywhere in the world too that's the cool thing", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00015-00007231-00007728": "because you don't have to be around anything but a laptop here to actually run your business", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00016-00007728-00008128": "now the next question is what is aliexpress okay there's a good question", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00017-00008128-00008944": "aliexpress is a site that has over 100 million products now aliexpress was founded in 2010", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00018-00008944-00009360": "and his parent company is alibaba where you would actually go and buy some of the same products but", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00019-00009360-00009864": "you would buy them in quantity so maybe 100 or a thousand of something or 10 pallets of something", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00020-00009864-00010288": "you would go to alibaba if you want that particular product shipped out to your customer", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00021-00010288-00010752": "individually you would go to aliexpress now what's the difference in the two well the difference is", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00022-00010752-00011168": "one of them you're buying in bulk and you're going to get better pricing that's alibaba this video is", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00023-00011168-00011592": "about aliexpress you're going to pay a little bit more for the product however you don't have", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00024-00011592-00011968": "to ship it out to the product which can be a real advantage for those of you who don't want to buy", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00025-00011968-00012528": "inventory now since most of these companies are overseas they have cheaper labor over there and", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00026-00012528-00013024": "you can buy some of the same products you'd find in the u.s for a whole lot less money now they're", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00027-00013024-00013463": "very competitive there too so they're always competing with each other to have the best price", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00028-00013463-00013952": "which allows you to sell products to your customer at a really fair price now the question is does", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00029-00013952-00014376": "ali express allow drop shipping are you allowed to buy something and send it to somebody else", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00030-00014376-00014824": "the answer is yes you're allowed to do it they do it every day all day long and you can certainly", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00031-00014824-00015304": "do that and you can build your business on that it's really a simple four-step product you're", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00032-00015304-00015944": "going to add your product to your store maybe it's shopify a lot of you use shopify and use oberlo", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00033-00015944-00016416": "to integrate aliexpress with your store once you add it there you sell it to your customer", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00034-00016416-00016888": "once you collect the money step three go ahead and pay the manufacturer distributor for the product", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00035-00016888-00017336": "step four they send it out to your customer you're done it's that easy you didn't have", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00036-00017336-00017688": "to touch a product you didn't have to pack a product you didn't have to ship a product", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00037-00017688-00018304": "now the cool thing about aliexpress is it's very easy to use years ago it used to be there was some", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00038-00018304-00018768": "problems with some manufacturers distributors they weren't reliable but pretty much all that's been", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00039-00018768-00019144": "cleaned up now so it's a great site to use you don't have to pay any fees you don't have any", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00040-00019144-00019752": "percentages or anything like that you can just buy products it's billed as a retail site however the", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00041-00019752-00020128": "average customer never goes to aliexpress they just don't do it they don't go there", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00042-00020232-00020616": "and you can go there and you can drop your products which is really the majority of", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00043-00020616-00021128": "their business on aliexpress now now the question arises why wouldn't people just go to aliexpress", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00044-00021128-00021728": "and buy products it's not really designed for the average consumer most average consumers don't even", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00045-00021728-00022248": "know about aliexpress so your advantage is really your marketing skills and your customer support", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00046-00022304-00022816": "when you are selling products from aliexpress you're maybe running ads on facebook or youtube", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00047-00022816-00023272": "or google ads and you're catching them at a time where they're interested in a particular thing", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00048-00023272-00023728": "and it's more of an impulse buy so they'll buy from you because this is not a product they've", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00049-00023728-00024200": "normally seen so that's why i always try to look for very unique products on aliexpress now i", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00050-00024200-00024728": "always get people asking me can you use aliexpress to sell things on amazon the answer is yes and no", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00051-00024792-00025496": "if you look at amazon's requirements for shipping out products most of the aliexpress shippers will", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00052-00025496-00025960": "not follow that criteria and since they won't follow that criteria i think it's a bad idea to", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00053-00025960-00026439": "really sell your products to amazon plus the fees are going to eat up most of your profits on amazon", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00054-00026439-00026816": "i just don't think it's a good idea now the best thing to do once you have your niche in mind and", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00055-00026816-00027383": "a niche of course is a very specialized interest that you've identified that would be a good market", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00056-00027383-00028024": "once you've done that i suggest that you find you know 10 20 products on aliexpress and offer those", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00057-00028024-00028536": "on your store or send them out in emails or run ads or whatever you want to do and you always want", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00058-00028536-00028904": "to start with 10 to 20 products the reason being is some of them are going to do well some aren't", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00059-00028904-00029312": "going to do well and if you start with a whole bunch of products you have a much better chance", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00060-00029312-00029704": "and keep in mind it's not like you've got to buy inventory for these products before you know if", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00061-00029704-00030104": "they're going to sell all you have to do is offer them to your customers that's it that's all you", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00062-00030104-00030704": "got to do and the ones that they land on the ones that they like you can then of course run ads send", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00063-00030704-00031120": "more emails about those products run specials do whatever you want and then once you've identified", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00064-00031120-00031656": "a few that work out there i would suggest that you try to find some more and keep adding to it", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00065-00031712-00032183": "the one thing i would be really careful for on aliexpress is don't buy any brand name", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00066-00032183-00032704": "anything it's almost assuredly a fake or a counterfeit product so never buy anything", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00067-00032704-00033296": "that has any type of branding or you know logos or anything like that that is identifiable in the us", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00068-00033352-00033744": "if you do so that you're going to risk actually selling counterfeit items and actually getting", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00069-00033744-00034280": "in trouble so don't ever do that make sure it's not a branded item don't try to sell disney stuff", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00070-00034280-00034760": "or anything like that or nfl or you know whatever it is don't try to sell any branded stuff from", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00071-00034760-00035312": "aliexpress because it's likely going to be a fake now shipping can be quite long on aliexpress", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00072-00035312-00035808": "for a long time we had e packet on aliexpress and our government changed things and we don't", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00073-00035808-00036208": "have epacket anymore and a lot of people said oh my gosh drop shipping is dead it's not dead", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00074-00036208-00036544": "this is going to take a little bit longer and the shipping costs a little bit more", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00075-00036544-00036992": "i think epacket will probably come back at some point right now it's just not available now the", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00076-00036992-00037480": "next thing i would look at when i'm at aliexpress i would look at the number of orders that a", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00077-00037480-00038096": "manufacturer or a distributor has shipped out the greater that number of orders the more reputable", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00078-00038096-00038640": "that company probably is not that a company that shipped out 10 orders is not reputable", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00079-00038640-00039096": "but you don't really know you don't have enough data to really tell about that company you know", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00080-00039096-00039464": "if they're going to be good in the long run if they you know have the supply of stuff they need", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00081-00039464-00039968": "when you have a company that's sent out hundreds of a particular product you know two things you", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00082-00039968-00040384": "know what number one they can send out hundreds of products or thousands of products whatever it is", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00083-00040384-00040968": "and number two they have the supply a lot of the people on aliexpress maybe only have access to 100", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00084-00040968-00041424": "of a product or 50 of a product uh and if you want to scale your business that's not going to help", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00085-00041424-00041912": "you out if they've run out of product i also like to look at the reviews and the star ratings that's", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00086-00041912-00042480": "super important if i'm going to buy anything from aliexpress it's going to have to have a 4.5 rating", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00087-00042480-00043080": "or higher 4.5 radio or higher uh the closer i get to 5 the better off i feel but that tells me that", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00088-00043080-00043776": "that's a reputable seller on aliexpress and you may be tempted to go with one that has a 3.9 or", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00089-00043776-00044248": "a 3.7 because the price is so low well there's probably a reason why it's low and if you look", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00090-00044248-00044704": "at the reviews you'll probably figure out why now what price range do you look for i look for", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00091-00044704-00045264": "products anywhere from 1 to twenty dollar price range i think that's a good price range especially", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00092-00045264-00045712": "if you're selling to a cold market that way i can sell that product for anywhere from twenty", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00093-00045712-00046312": "dollars to say you know sixty dollars uh if i'm selling it to the general public i'm going to", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00094-00046312-00046840": "look for at least a 50 or 60 profit margin you're going to need that profit margin that sounds great", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00095-00046840-00047144": "but you've got shipping that's going to come out of that if you're offering free shipping", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00096-00047144-00047488": "you also have all your marketing fees that are going to come out of that so you need to be", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00097-00047488-00047968": "able to make a profit and to do so i think you're going to need at least a 50 to 60", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00098-00047968-00048448": "profit margin on anything you sell now i think two things that people don't do that they should", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00099-00048448-00049016": "do on aliexpress is number one ask a question of the seller up front this is really important", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00100-00049016-00049400": "because if they don't respond or they take too long to respond that's how they're going to", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00101-00049400-00049792": "handle you from that point forward you'll know you'll know up front okay if you ask a question", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00102-00049792-00050224": "and they're not responding or they take too long to respond the other thing i would tell you to do", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00103-00050224-00050584": "is to order one of the products and have it sent to you i think that's super important", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00104-00050648-00051048": "that does you a couple things you can look at the quality of the product you can also take", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00105-00051048-00051560": "pictures of the product for your sales page too many people will buy stuff from aliexpress and", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00106-00051560-00052040": "the pictures they put on their sales page or the exact pictures that were on aliexpress generally", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00107-00052040-00052552": "those pictures aren't that great on top of the fact that everybody else has the same pictures", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00108-00052552-00052920": "and if your picture looks like everybody else's pitcher then you're going to be competing on", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00109-00052920-00053304": "price and that's not the position you want to be in so i would get the product i would check it", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00110-00053304-00053800": "out i would make sure it is up to your standards whatever those standards are and you can also see", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00111-00053800-00054144": "how long it's going to take to get to you you can see where the communication is going to be", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00112-00054144-00054672": "then you can rule out or use a manufacturer or distributor on aliexpress with a little bit more", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00113-00054672-00055296": "confidence that's not to say that you shouldn't use a tool to bring in some of that information", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00114-00055296-00055784": "to your shopify store a tool if you have a shopify store a tool that i like to use is oberlo", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00115-00055879-00056344": "burlo is a great tool that actually integrates with aliexpress and will pull over all the", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00116-00056344-00056800": "pertinent information now it's going to pull over the description it's going to pull over all the", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00117-00056800-00057255": "photos it's going to pull over everything but you'll want to take that information and you'll", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00118-00057255-00057655": "want to make it better so whatever the description is you're probably going to want to rewrite it", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00119-00057655-00058144": "keep in mind that description was probably written by somebody whose english is not their first", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00120-00058144-00058632": "language okay so it may not even really make sense but it does have good information in there maybe", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00121-00058632-00059064": "the specs of the product the size the measurements of the product the weight of the product you're", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00122-00059064-00059600": "going to need all of those specifications on your product sheet anyhow so bring all that in", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00123-00059600-00060160": "add to the description order the product take your own pictures and then you're going to have a whole", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00124-00060160-00060720": "lot better sales than you would without doing that now this is the end of part one but this", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00125-00060720-00061224": "is not the end of the training okay in the next part part two of this video i'm going to show you", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00126-00061224-00061744": "how to bring those products over to your website how to integrate those products to your website", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00127-00061744-00062216": "and how to set them up so that you're going to be successful so go to part two of this video", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00128-00062216-00062728": "right after this there's gonna be a link in the description below watch part two of this video", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00129-00062728-00063144": "and then you'll have the complete story and you'll be able to sell products and source them from", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00130-00063144-00063640": "aliexpress thanks so much for watching this video don't forget to subscribe if you haven't done so", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00131-00063640-00064072": "hit that subscribe button down there don't forget to ring the bell turn on all bell notifications so", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00132-00064072-00064648": "you're notified each and every time i go live um yeah and don't forget give me a thumbs up too okay", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00133-00064648-00065160": "i need that thumbs up i did prepare a 97 course but you know what i'm going to give it to you for", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00134-00065160-00065696": "free it's in the description below just click the link and learn 97 course 100 yours i want", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00135-00065696-00066168": "to get your comments on this have you dealt with aliexpress have you dealt with other drop shippers", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00136-00066168-00066608": "put that information in the comments section below what luck did you have did you have good", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00137-00066608-00067048": "luck did you have bad luck what happened tell me all about it and if you have any questions about", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00138-00067048-00067432": "starting running and growing an online business please put those in the comments below thanks", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00139-00067432-00067992": "so much for watching this video i'll see you in the next one hey thanks for watching my video", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00140-00067992-00068544": "don't forget to subscribe to my channel and click that little bell right here so you can be notified", "4PdgTPTGRgg-00141-00068544-00069688": "every time i do a new video also click on one of those videos there keep watching on my channel"}}, {"audio_id": "4Puv8DDY6sU", "text": {"4Puv8DDY6sU-00000-00000490-00000770": "Hot aubergines", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00001-00001532-00001620": "Aubergines", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00002-00001620-00001707": "Hot sauce", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00003-00001707-00001794": "Agave syrup", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00004-00001794-00001880": "Tomato sauce", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00005-00001880-00001970": "Starch", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00006-00001970-00002056": "Salt", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00007-00002056-00002142": "Garlic", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00008-00002142-00002232": "Soy sauce", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00009-00002232-00002326": "Ginger", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00010-00003482-00004162": "Salt well", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00011-00004168-00004644": "Leave for a couple of hours to juice", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00012-00005322-00005962": "Remove water", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00013-00006326-00006938": "Squeeze really well", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00014-00007173-00008206": "Roll in starch, remove excess starch", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00015-00010028-00010446": "Garlic and ginger", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00016-00010452-00010886": "Tomato sauce and soy sauce", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00017-00010894-00011094": "Hot sauce", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00018-00011100-00011330": "Agave syrup", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00019-00012426-00012882": "Sesame seeds", "4Puv8DDY6sU-00020-00014812-00015162": "Ingredients proportions are in the description box"}}, {"audio_id": "4PGBESKZP54", "text": {"4PGBESKZP54-00000-00000024-00000660": "Go deep, get real. That's one of my best tips for social", "4PGBESKZP54-00001-00000660-00001041": "media, it's one of my best tips for business building and of course as", "4PGBESKZP54-00002-00001041-00001559": "always one of my best tips for life. Funny how all of these things fit", "4PGBESKZP54-00003-00001559-00002100": "together when you come at it from the right perspective. You know I see so many", "4PGBESKZP54-00004-00002100-00002651": "people trying to achieve business goals and objectives on social media, and", "4PGBESKZP54-00005-00002651-00002964": "they're running around trying to get followers. You know we've got robot", "4PGBESKZP54-00006-00002964-00003567": "programs that will like and comment. You've got follow and unsubscribe,", "4PGBESKZP54-00007-00003567-00004104": "follow back. All of these ideas that's just about getting more followers, making", "4PGBESKZP54-00008-00004104-00004818": "an impression that so minuscule, it's ridiculous. Because it's so minuscule,", "4PGBESKZP54-00009-00004818-00005223": "you have to literally have thousands, tens of thousands,hundreds of thousands,", "4PGBESKZP54-00010-00005223-00005898": "millions of followers to actually make an impact. Not just for the people that", "4PGBESKZP54-00011-00005898-00006396": "are following you, but for yourself and your business. The bottom line in", "4PGBESKZP54-00012-00006396-00006975": "your ability to enjoy a life that is full of abundance, my advice for you is", "4PGBESKZP54-00013-00006975-00007523": "go deep. You don't need a lot of connections, if you're actually building", "4PGBESKZP54-00014-00007523-00008088": "real relationships with people. That's how I've always approached social media.", "4PGBESKZP54-00015-00008088-00008646": "I don't need to have hundreds of thousands of followers because how could", "4PGBESKZP54-00016-00008646-00009063": "I have a real connection with them? If people choose to follow me that's", "4PGBESKZP54-00017-00009063-00009438": "fine, I'll still always be looking for ways to", "4PGBESKZP54-00018-00009438-00010022": "get real and to go deep. So how do you find this? Is this something you found", "4PGBESKZP54-00019-00010022-00010700": "online? Are you doing it? Please, as always, like , subscribe, comment and follow me", "4PGBESKZP54-00020-00010700-00011253": "on Instagram, YouTube and all the other cool places @ I am  Baz Gardner.", "4PGBESKZP54-00021-00011253-00011789": "I'd  love to hear your comments. Let's learn, share and grow together. Cheers."}}, {"audio_id": "4PU3JcCSCBI", "text": {"4PU3JcCSCBI-00000-00000036-00000102": "music", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00001-00000606-00001314": "welcome back to my Channel today we are going to learn how to make this so everybody forget", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00002-00001314-00001878": "the video remember like share subscribe please let's get this video to a hundred", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00003-00001878-00002508": "likes and I really really appreciate it in this video has helped you in any way subscribe and", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00004-00002508-00003012": "drop a comment on any tutorials you want me to go over and I'll be sure to get to you", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00005-00003072-00003594": "soon so without talking too much let's get into the video", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00006-00004494-00004986": "so first of all you open up after effects you create a new composition if you don't", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00007-00004986-00005412": "know how to create new composition then this video I just drop right now is out on", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00008-00005412-00005976": "explaining different ways to update and create a conversation be sure to check it out if you", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00009-00005976-00006594": "are still another basics in After Effects so let's make the division three seconds", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00010-00006594-00007373": "because it's not going to be a long video 1920 by 1080 25 frames per second and okay", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00011-00007530-00007842": "now first of all what we are going to do is we are going to get our", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00012-00008022-00008820": "so we use the word fix and then this then Tigger font I have no idea where", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00013-00008820-00009276": "I got it from I just want my system and I actually love this one so let's use it", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00014-00009684-00010428": "and this looks familiar now to align your ankle point because right now my component in the middle", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00015-00010428-00011328": "of my of my text here you do Ctrl alt home and then control home to align it to the center of", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00016-00011328-00011982": "your composition okay guys before we create this next step let's make sure that our font size is", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00017-00011982-00012618": "okay for us and our font is okay because after this step you cannot change your font anymore", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00018-00012618-00013463": "it's done is over whenever you're going to convert this layer into a shape so you left click here", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00019-00013554-00014184": "come down to create create shape from text we don't use max because Max actually limits", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00020-00014184-00014988": "what you can do with your effects so we use create shapes form text now what you're going", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00021-00014988-00015756": "to do is you're going to come to this search icon here now we are going to search stroke", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00022-00015984-00016560": "now let's make keyframes for all the stroke", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00023-00017028-00018156": "let's change it to 1.5 so you can just copy this and paste it", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00024-00018534-00019224": "okay so the next thing I'm going to do we are going to come back here and type in field", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00025-00019464-00020046": "okay I come and click this eyeball to hide the key all of them", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00026-00020280-00020862": "now I'm sure maybe if you're if you have not set your stroke color everything will", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00027-00020862-00021480": "be black but we'll fix that now just come up here and change your Strokes to White click ok", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00028-00021786-00022254": "and now we have the stroke alone but no field and this is what we are going to", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00029-00022254-00022794": "use to create our beginning animation so the next thing we're going to do is", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00030-00022854-00023496": "come down here and click on your s inside here let's zoom in you can use your ruler", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00031-00023592-00024042": "and what I'm going to do is I want to animate this flying in from the top here", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00032-00024102-00025044": "you stretching from the top now what I'm going to do is I'm going to come down here click path", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00033-00025536-00025895": "then make it different on the path of everything", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00034-00026460-00027420": "but also nice select all the parts let's scale down a little bit let's move to around", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00035-00027636-00028314": "one second and move all the parts to one second so I'm going to edit this I'm going to edit this from", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00036-00028314-00028889": "the end to the beginning moving two frames each so what I'm going to do is I'm going to my f here", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00037-00029039-00029856": "now Ctrl forward twice to move two frames into the timeline one two by two frames forward", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00038-00029964-00030702": "next I'm going to do is come down to my fear now I hold down shift and select this four", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00039-00030810-00031764": "nodes here now I can click it and drag it but I hold shift so that I can drag it along a line", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00040-00032382-00033420": "so let's do that one more time drag it up I don't want it to live once so let's move", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00041-00033708-00034524": "adjust it to the halfway I move two frames into the timeline again Ctrl one two", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00042-00034752-00035106": "click it again shift and drag it out", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00043-00035460-00036300": "now what I'm going to do again is I'm going to zoom in move two frames into the timeline one two", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00044-00036474-00037176": "select the f and hold down shift again click and select the frames you want to work on", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00045-00037374-00037524": "and let's zoom out one more time", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00046-00037758-00038082": "click it hold shift and move it up", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00047-00038346-00038808": "I move forward your timeline by two frames again one two you click this", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00048-00038808-00039546": "hold down shift and drag it out one more time now let's do the last one", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00049-00039786-00040176": "move forward your timeline again two times one two", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00050-00040434-00041238": "click this hold down shift drag it up move forward your timeline one more time one two", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00051-00041496-00042318": "click this go down shift and drag it outside now all we are going to do is we're going to move this", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00052-00042318-00043044": "select everything I'm moving to the beginning of our timeline let's play back and let's see", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00053-00043158-00043842": "so you can see his stretchy effect I believe taking its place now next I'm going to do we", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00054-00043842-00044598": "are going to apply to the remaining letters e is a little bit tricky so I will do a then I", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00055-00044598-00045444": "will do a time lapse for T and E so that you can do that by yourself now for e a will be a little", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00056-00045444-00046044": "bit tricky because it's not the easy dividing these two points here into two different halves", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00057-00046044-00047016": "but maybe go around this easy count your pencil here make another Point here then you move it", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00058-00047016-00047982": "up and adjust it until it looks accurate by using your arrow keys so come here also", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00059-00049362-00049530": "I can come back here", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00060-00049812-00050088": "three container examples is another points", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00061-00050292-00050970": "so click on hit you can adjust and move around your timeline", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00062-00051540-00051990": "so if you want to select multiple hold down shift select", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00063-00052229-00052926": "then it's naming this one here is actually select this thing", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00064-00052986-00053658": "and select this one and for this one I want you to come from our the left hand side", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00065-00053754-00054354": "so what we're going to do is come down here again move to keyframes forward in the timeline", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00066-00054462-00054996": "now what we are going to do if we are going to drag this place out", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00067-00055134-00055872": "so you click hold down shift and drag very zoom out", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00068-00056670-00057288": "let's make it happy somewhere here I'll go forward two things again", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00069-00057672-00058572": "click here hold your shield and drag it completely outside now what you're going to do for the rest", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00070-00058572-00059202": "is the same thing again so what you're going to do is remove two friends in Japan again one two", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00071-00059358-00059891": "so what I want to do once let's select only with the second part so come selector a", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00072-00059970-00060755": "shifts you can select these two and you can select this table so I'm going to shift it", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00073-00060755-00061770": "out so click on it you can just zoom out now click here shift and drag halfway move", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00074-00061770-00062760": "under different material timeline click and drag so hyperlapse coming in three two one", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00075-00065568-00065682": "I'm sorry", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00076-00067050-00067566": "so next thing I'm going to do is we're going to adjust a little bit so I'm going to set", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00077-00067566-00068184": "F and a to come in at the same time but I'm going to let J and E come in like two things", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00078-00068292-00069102": "after yes I need to select these two frames I move two frames into my timeline", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00079-00069168-00069870": "and move it back to this okay yeah somewhere around here", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00080-00070026-00070674": "okay now this is looking good make sure all the keyframes are aligned properly", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00081-00070806-00071046": "now the next thing I'm going to do is I'm going to select everything", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00082-00071436-00072066": "you left click here now I'm going to click on toggle hold keyframe", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00083-00072516-00073032": "so it gives you this stop motion kind of look but I really love", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00084-00073236-00073530": "now the next thing we are going to do is", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00085-00073740-00074490": "I'm going to create those white uh flashes and we can see where I'm going some nutrient during", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00086-00074490-00075054": "final composition so what I'm doing we're going to duplicate this layer", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00087-00075336-00075642": "now I'm going to search for stroke", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00088-00076458-00076872": "now we're going to off the stroke foreign", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00089-00080178-00081090": "then move it one frame to the back so you start slower let's play through", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00090-00081420-00082140": "exactly and this is located awesome so let's bring this to the top", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00091-00082434-00082680": "and drag it down to around 20 frames", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00092-00082848-00083484": "and we come to this point here make sure you click this I button this so you can see it", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00093-00083658-00084300": "so comes around here make a keyframe reduce the opacity to zero comes around", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00094-00084300-00085266": "here increase the capacity to 100. select the two F9 to easy ease so let's see what we did", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00095-00085872-00086388": "so I think our text has a stroke of alone let's come down to characters", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00096-00086598-00087306": "is change the color of the stroke to the color of our text", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00097-00087498-00088320": "yeah awesome now let's create the background so Ctrl n is called this layer background", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00098-00089166-00089406": "now let's create a new solid", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00099-00089760-00090246": "now on jfx and presets and type ingredients", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00100-00090516-00090774": "I'll apply the four color gradients", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00101-00091002-00091458": "now for blue here they turn into black", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00102-00091686-00091998": "the yellow here is going also to Black", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00103-00092304-00092622": "okay let's change this okay", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00104-00093246-00093702": "and let's change this foreign", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00105-00095748-00096870": "so we come down here I'm going to provide a link to download this in my video description", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00106-00097092-00097380": "copy it into here and you bring it down", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00107-00097650-00098250": "click on S to close scale properties let's bring it up let's scale it down", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00108-00098412-00098718": "now we change the blending mode to Overlay", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00109-00098892-00099948": "and this looks nice I love this so let's paste our composition one into this let's play two", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00110-00100098-00100746": "this is looking good yes so the next thing I'm going to do is we're going to turn these two", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00111-00100746-00101916": "layers to 3D layers now you want to create a camera movement so left click new camera okay", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00112-00102006-00102840": "let's open up our camera properties camera option go to the end of your timeline make a keyframe on", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00113-00102840-00104033": "the zoom let's come back to the beginning of the timeline increase the zoom to something like this", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00114-00104676-00105414": "now select the two keyframes click on F9 or is it is spoken and graphic editor", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00115-00105570-00106218": "I like the two points and drag it onto this something like this", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00116-00106470-00106583": "thumbs up", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00117-00107111-00107472": "wow let's play back", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00118-00108126-00108372": "and I'll this is looking awesome", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00119-00108509-00109038": "okay so let's make a little bit more cinematic let's do Ctrl n it's called this final", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00120-00109320-00110208": "now the Imports our last layer click on the rectangle box here because I", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00121-00110208-00110976": "want to make a layer mask and click and drag until you have something like this", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00122-00111150-00111672": "like this is looking amazing so let's play it one last time", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00123-00112590-00113232": "so guys thank you so much for watching this video remember like share subscribe the video has helped", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00124-00113232-00113988": "you drop a comment in my comment section to see if I can go by any tutorial until next time", "4PU3JcCSCBI-00125-00114311-00114366": "peace"}}, {"audio_id": "4QqD2ckGv1I", "text": {"4QqD2ckGv1I-00000-00002700-00003100": "This video contain very harsh and disturbing scene, so that....", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00001-00003100-00003500": "you guys can train your heart more strongly.. haha.", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00002-00004200-00004600": "nothing weird that a homeless is living here", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00003-00010100-00010400": "on the saint mary...", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00004-00020600-00020800": "it came....", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00005-00020900-00021100": "step back!", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00006-00021300-00021500": "i said step back..!", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00007-00023800-00024300": "it will gonna be okay, i was came here before.", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00008-00030000-00030500": "it's gone, all of sudden.", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00009-00033000-00033500": "this is non-edited for your information.", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00010-00036100-00036500": "there is no thread.", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00011-00037300-00037700": "it's sure here is strong evil spirit.", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00012-00041700-00042000": "the spirit is quite strong.", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00013-00042600-00042900": "i think here wasn't empty all...", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00014-00047300-00047800": "i should have gone in this time...", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00015-00049600-00050000": "this is... defintely knife.", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00016-00052800-00053300": "the reason why micol is looking this", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00017-00053300-00053600": "a spot that micol hided a knife because of his safety.", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00018-00053600-00054000": "but the knife is gone.", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00019-00054200-00054400": "hey uncle.", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00020-00054800-00055100": "please don't be mad at me, you don't know me?", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00021-00055700-00056200": "perhaps you want me to burn that picture?", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00022-00056900-00057300": "what if i fail....", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00023-00057300-00058000": "i will be back here after taking a break in the next house.", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00024-00062300-00062500": "you maybe.....", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00025-00062700-00063000": "just tell me if you want me to burn a picture.", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00026-00063500-00063900": "do you want?", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00027-00064400-00064700": "the knife stick on the door", "4QqD2ckGv1I-00028-00071400-00071800": "micol finally moved to other haunted house"}}, {"audio_id": "4QtX6viPTgk", "text": {"4QtX6viPTgk-00000-00000000-00000200": "My headphones were not able to connect."}}, {"audio_id": "4R5RbWqCbdu", "text": {"4R5RbWqCbdu-00000-00000544-00000944": "First of all thank you Dr Mullany. i didn't even think to get this flag. was it", "4R5RbWqCbdu-00001-00000944-00002144": "you or Nogaye? I think it was you. So I'm an OG. Um I graduated high school in 1986. There were 300", "4R5RbWqCbdu-00002-00002144-00002728": "members of my class, not one was gay or lesbian and of course at the 10-year reunion,", "4R5RbWqCbdu-00003-00002824-00003520": "surprise, there were gay and lesbian students. We just weren't able to come out at that time um.", "4R5RbWqCbdu-00004-00003615-00004000": "So reflecting yeah it seems like this year everyone's down with pride this year right?", "4R5RbWqCbdu-00005-00004120-00004512": "Like you were you and I were talking about it it's like every company every everybody", "4R5RbWqCbdu-00006-00004664-00005376": "it's amazing um like there was a time I was chased and spit on and called a dyke.", "4R5RbWqCbdu-00007-00005464-00006232": "There was a time that a therapist told me I wasn't really queer I just was being neurotic.", "4R5RbWqCbdu-00008-00006344-00007031": "Um there was a time there were a lot of times like that and even here there were", "4R5RbWqCbdu-00009-00007031-00007736": "times I suffered discrimination but we've come so far and uh to the point where as you said", "4R5RbWqCbdu-00010-00007895-00008488": "colleagues like Hannah it's like it's so not a big deal anymore. But it was hard and I'm just", "4R5RbWqCbdu-00011-00008488-00009640": "really proud of this and of us today and thank you all for being here and sharing in this moment."}}, {"audio_id": "4RD7h1W27N0", "text": {"4RD7h1W27N0-00000-00000096-00000488": "i ended up deciding to delete my video because it was inappropriate,", "4RD7h1W27N0-00001-00000488-00001336": "and i thought it would be deleted by youtube, so i decided to delete that video off of youtube.", "4RD7h1W27N0-00002-00001544-00001768": "it will be removed on all playlists as well, because", "4RD7h1W27N0-00003-00001864-00002568": "it shouldn't have been uploaded. it's too bad. it just shows people laughing all over the floor."}}, {"audio_id": "4RFkHTHNckM", "text": {"4RFkHTHNckM-00000-00001226-00001712": "What's up everyone? Welcome to The Durbin Compound!If we're meeting for the first time, my name is", "4RFkHTHNckM-00001-00001712-00002263": "Devin Durbin and around The Durbin Compound Istrive to bring each and every one of you", "4RFkHTHNckM-00002-00002263-00002992": "the best in each category. So today we're talking abouthand soap. So I know there are probably thousands", "4RFkHTHNckM-00003-00002992-00003730": "of hand soap companies out there. And I have beenthrough them all. I've tried the Puma soaps", "4RFkHTHNckM-00004-00003730-00004344": "and the Fast Orange stuff. And I was a bigfan of Permatex and their Coco Scrub.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00005-00004344-00005008": "But then they did away with it. So, I've tried everythingfrom the waterless stuff to pretty much anything", "4RFkHTHNckM-00006-00005008-00005672": "and everything. So even the new Grip Clean that's,you know, using dirt to clean your hands, like the", "4RFkHTHNckM-00007-00005672-00006488": "clay and the sand take it...they just are sub-par. I'mgoing to tell you the best hand soap on the market", "4RFkHTHNckM-00008-00006488-00007240": "right now is ProSoap. So, obviously ProSoap ispromoting this video. This is a paid promotion, but", "4RFkHTHNckM-00009-00007240-00007800": "I didn't gain the promotion until I found outabout them and already determined that they", "4RFkHTHNckM-00010-00007800-00008432": "were the best soap in the world. So ProSoap's bigclaim to fame is they are not selling you water.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00011-00008432-00009400": "So, their soaps are water-activated and that is 100%true. Out of this three pound tub here, they say", "4RFkHTHNckM-00012-00009400-00010218": "that you will get 800 hand washes. And let me tellyou, you need barely any soap to wash your handsthoroughly.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00013-00010218-00010630": "We're going to go inside. I'm going to show you the dispenser that I bought fromthese guys.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00014-00010630-00011312": "All of this stuff on the table is a gift from ProSoap. I appreciate youguys!", "4RFkHTHNckM-00015-00011312-00011896": "They're an awesome company, family-operated and, you know, second generation right now", "4RFkHTHNckM-00016-00011896-00012464": "running the company, and just good stuff allaround. I couldn't ask for a better company model.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00017-00012464-00013168": "And they're based right here in the U.S. So, I hadoriginally bought some of the dispensers and, yes,", "4RFkHTHNckM-00018-00013168-00013840": "I said I bought them, with the three pound tubs. So Igot the spin dispenser in the three pound tub.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00019-00013840-00014272": "It's absolutely crucial to giving you just the amount of soap you need to", "4RFkHTHNckM-00020-00014272-00014728": "wash your hands. So I wanted to show you guys exactly how it worked today.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00021-00014728-00015423": "If you are looking to purchase, you guys need toget in the link below. I will put a link,", "4RFkHTHNckM-00022-00015423-00015912": "probably a promo code, to give you guys some percentage off,since you're a viewer here at The Durbin Compound.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00023-00015912-00016616": "We'll put a discount code in the description below.But go order their stuff. I mean I don't really", "4RFkHTHNckM-00024-00016616-00017168": "have to show you how good it is. I'm going to getmy hands dirty. We're going to get some grease.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00025-00017168-00017671": "We're going to get some dirt and grime. And I'mgoing to show you how well the soap works. So let's go inside.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00026-00017671-00018430": "So this is the hand dispenser,or the soap dispenser, sold by ProSoap. You go ahead", "4RFkHTHNckM-00027-00018430-00018872": "and spin this thing around...all the way around. I'm trying to do it with one hand here.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00028-00018872-00019480": "But it literally just dispenses as much soapas you need. So, that is literally all the soap", "4RFkHTHNckM-00029-00019480-00020156": "you need to wash your hands. So, I'm going to get myhands dirty. I'll show you guys exactly how well itdoes,", "4RFkHTHNckM-00030-00020156-00020671": "but that's literally all the soap you need... asmuch as you put would put on a toothbrush.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00031-00020671-00021314": "You can see most other companies, you know, you're pumpingat the hand pump forever, trying to get enough", "4RFkHTHNckM-00032-00021314-00021764": "soap to wash your hands. But this is all you need.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00033-00021764-00022142": "All right, so I'm going to go ahead and rotate this around here", "4RFkHTHNckM-00034-00022142-00022853": "to get us a piece of soap that's ready to rock and roll here. So, what we're going to dois,", "4RFkHTHNckM-00035-00022853-00023432": "we're going to cover our hands in somenasty stuff here. So everybody else's videos", "4RFkHTHNckM-00036-00023432-00024216": "when comparing hand soap, they love to do bearinggrease. So Lubriplate advertises it's in the film.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00037-00024216-00024896": "So there's nothing nastier than some Lubriplate,some nasty, old wheel bearing grease, that's just", "4RFkHTHNckM-00038-00025024-00025488": "been sitting in there for years and then you get it all over your hands.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00039-00025488-00026016": "And some people just...I mean this is howthey do it. They just put a big, old glob", "4RFkHTHNckM-00040-00026016-00026774": "in the infomercials right? And then you have allthis Lubriplate on your hands. And it's all inthe film, right?", "4RFkHTHNckM-00041-00026774-00027267": "You're just completely covered. There's usually a lot more built-up grime and dirt.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00042-00027267-00027944": "I could go roll it around in the mud outside. But let's goahead and just take this little bit of soap here,", "4RFkHTHNckM-00043-00027944-00028576": "this little toothbrush full. I'm going to goahead and turn on our sink here-- with not my hands.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00044-00028839-00029239": "Might as well just grab it and wipe it off later. So the good thing about", "4RFkHTHNckM-00045-00029239-00029680": "this soap is it's water-activated. You just start working it into your hands.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00046-00029968-00030424": "And I like to add just a little bit of water at a time...just a little", "4RFkHTHNckM-00047-00030424-00030881": "bit like that. And then just start working it into your hands.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00048-00030881-00031308": "{sound of water running}", "4RFkHTHNckM-00049-00032039-00032768": "Oh! ProSoap also does...if you get a threepound tub, they do send this little brush.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00050-00032768-00033448": "It is perfect for getting in your fingernailsand around the calluses in your hands.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00051-00033448-00033932": "Just about anywhere and everywhere youwant to get it. But I don't use it thatmuch,", "4RFkHTHNckM-00052-00033932-00034902": "unless I have a lot of dirt and grime down inthe cracks of my hands. So, keep washing it off here.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00053-00036586-00037181": "Boom! Leave my hands nice and clean. I'mreally impressed with how well it works.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00054-00037181-00037880": "If you saw in the sink...it kind of took thatgrease and made it into...I don't know what you", "4RFkHTHNckM-00055-00037880-00038714": "would call that. It adhered to something in thesoap. So it turned it into like a clayish-type material,", "4RFkHTHNckM-00056-00038714-00039334": "or substance, or whatever you want to call it, in the sink. So, whatever their", "4RFkHTHNckM-00057-00039334-00040070": "secret sauce is, they'll probably never reveal their secret sauce, but it's pretty darn good stuff.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00058-00040070-00040818": "So, another thing I wanted to try was...because they'll judge my hand washing skills too.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00059-00040818-00041648": "Oh, man! I spilled way too much of that! But this air filter soap...I just used", "4RFkHTHNckM-00060-00041648-00042152": "too much of it actually. I used way too muchright there. Just spilled it all over my hands.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00061-00042152-00042776": "But nonetheless, a good example. What I shouldhave done was prep the soap first, and then to", "4RFkHTHNckM-00062-00042776-00043584": "get ready for this. So, I'm going to end up making agiant mess here. But nonetheless, we are going to get", "4RFkHTHNckM-00063-00043939-00044438": "another piece out of here.Now if you have oil all over your hands,", "4RFkHTHNckM-00064-00044438-00044968": "yes, I will admit that this little dispenser is a little hard to use,", "4RFkHTHNckM-00065-00044968-00045745": "but that's literally all the soap that I got. Let'sturn the water back on here. I'm just making a mess allover the place.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00066-00045745-00046738": "All right, and just slowly work in this water-activated soap. Now I kept a lot, a lot", "4RFkHTHNckM-00067-00046738-00047642": "of oil on my hands. So, I don't expect this to do aperfect job because I did keep a lot of oil on myhands.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00068-00047642-00048336": "But we're going to see exactly how it workshere. And I'm just going to start to wash this off.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00069-00049064-00049552": "So did I give it its fair shake on that one?Pretty much anywhere where the soap was", "4RFkHTHNckM-00070-00049552-00049985": "able to touch, it got my hands clean. SoI didn't wash the back of my hands,", "4RFkHTHNckM-00071-00049985-00050957": "but let's go ahead and get another little application of soap here. And we'll do theback of my hands here.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00072-00050957-00051320": "And I already have enoughwater on my hands that it's activating the soap.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00073-00051528-00052080": "So literally anywhere this soap touches,it's cleaning the crap out of my hands.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00074-00052080-00052560": "Oop! It's precious! Don't let it fall!", "4RFkHTHNckM-00075-00052872-00053384": "Okay, that's the back of my hands.Let's go ahead and wash it off.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00076-00053776-00054644": "So you saw there, even when I poured a lotof oil all over my hands, anywhere thatsoap touched,", "4RFkHTHNckM-00077-00054644-00055391": "where I rubbed it into my hands,it cleaned them off. It's absolutely amazing", "4RFkHTHNckM-00078-00055391-00056032": "how well this stuff cleans. That was with coldwater that time around. But I will give it nothing", "4RFkHTHNckM-00079-00056032-00056736": "but five stars. You have to have reasonableexpectations about stuff, but man is this stuff", "4RFkHTHNckM-00080-00056736-00057294": "pretty darn good. You cannot...I haven't founda better soap on the market.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00081-00057294-00057817": "All right guys, so there you have it! I never thought I would do likefive minutes of washing my hands in this video,", "4RFkHTHNckM-00082-00057817-00058402": "but I'm just so excited to bring you guys one of thebest soaps I've ever found. So, I don't know how", "4RFkHTHNckM-00083-00058402-00058979": "much pumice soap we would have pumped out of adispenser to take care of all the oil there.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00084-00058979-00059646": "So, even against all odds, when I had the oil justsaturated all over my hands, and didn't wipe itoff,", "4RFkHTHNckM-00085-00059646-00059952": "I mean, keep in mind if you're in the shopand you spill oil on your hands, you're going to", "4RFkHTHNckM-00086-00059952-00060560": "wipe it off with a rag. And then you're going to gowash your hands. So, against all odds ProSoap didamazing!", "4RFkHTHNckM-00087-00060560-00061176": "So, there are many options on how to buyit. They have their yellow, liquid soap that is", "4RFkHTHNckM-00088-00061176-00061767": "more or less along the lines of your regularliquid soap that you would get.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00089-00061767-00062584": "This comes out of a pump jug or one of these containersit's not a waterless, or a water-activated soap.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00090-00062584-00063096": "So, go check out their website. I'll put a link toeverything in the description below. You can find", "4RFkHTHNckM-00091-00063096-00063587": "the promo code, their website, everything you needto be successful, I'll hook you guys up.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00092-00063587-00064238": "So, I hope you guys enjoyed today's video. Obviously give mea thumbs up. Or a thumbs down. Whatever you guys areinto.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00093-00064238-00064679": "If you haven't subscribed to the channelalready, well now is the time. We're going to", "4RFkHTHNckM-00094-00064679-00065232": "get into more videos in the near future. I'm goingto put this soap in the hands of pros everywhere.", "4RFkHTHNckM-00095-00065232-00065808": "We are going to do some in-person interviews.We're going to go show exactly how good it does", "4RFkHTHNckM-00096-00065808-00066482": "in the field. And not just Devin Durbin in hissink showing you how it works. We're going to go outthere", "4RFkHTHNckM-00097-00066482-00066901": "and see the pros do it. So, I hope you staytuned. And we'll see you guys in the next video."}}, {"audio_id": "4Rb3JVS4C8I", "text": {"4Rb3JVS4C8I-00000-00000053-00000422": "Marketing On Yelp And Other Review Sites", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00001-00000422-00000955": "Review websites like Yelp.com and Review.com have become widely used in a lot of areas,", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00002-00000955-00001517": "mainly due to the huge growth in mobile internet devices like the iPhone and iPad. These smartphones", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00003-00001517-00001897": "and other portable devices let people access these sites on the go, which is when they", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00004-00001897-00002227": "are often looking for reviews and ratings.", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00005-00002227-00002672": "As a business owner, you need to be sure that your company has a presence on these sites.", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00006-00002672-00003018": "In this article, we're going to look at several strategies for getting the most out of review", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00007-00003018-00003306": "sites.", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00008-00003306-00003675": "The first step in the process is to create an account for your business on the site(s)", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00009-00003675-00004185": "you plan to use. This lets you ensure the accuracy of your business listing by correcting", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00010-00004185-00004616": "any errors. It also gives you the ability to interact with anyone who posts on your", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00011-00004616-00004857": "profile.", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00012-00004857-00005319": "It's important to engage people on these sites. Some of those people will be existing customers,", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00013-00005319-00005689": "while others will be people who might be considering doing business with you and are looking for", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00014-00005689-00005914": "more information.", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00015-00005914-00006250": "Either way, if they see that you're active on the site and especially that you respond", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00016-00006250-00006825": "to questions or complaints quickly, that will help to reassure them.", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00017-00006825-00007256": "Complaints, bad reviews and low ratings are especially important to respond to. If you", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00018-00007256-00007645": "show a genuine interest in correcting problems, it's going to go a long way towards building", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00019-00007645-00007900": "trust.", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00020-00007900-00008322": "In fact, having a negative review with a positive outcome is often more valuable than having", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00021-00008322-00008857": "no bad reviews at all. That can look \"manufactured\" as if you had friends or family leave a bunch", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00022-00008857-00009101": "of good reviews.", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00023-00009101-00009609": "Another effective way to use these sites is by offering deals or coupons to their users.", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00024-00009609-00009987": "You can offer exclusive deals to users on these sites, so anyone who checks out your", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00025-00009987-00010318": "listing can get the deal.", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00026-00010318-00010681": "This can be a good way to generate more business, particularly if you are in a business where", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00027-00010681-00011136": "this makes sense. For example, it would work very well for a restaurant or pub, where you", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00028-00011136-00011681": "could offer some sort of discount or other special to anyone who brings in the coupon.", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00029-00011681-00012193": "Many of these sites, such as Yelp.com, also offer a feature called \"check ins\". This lets", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00030-00012193-00012586": "anyone who is using their mobile app on an iPhone or other device check in when they", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00031-00012586-00013057": "visit your business. You can tie your coupon offers to these check-ins so they only get", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00032-00013057-00013379": "them when they check in.", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00033-00013379-00013741": "The advantage here is that those check-ins will be seen by other people in their network,", "4Rb3JVS4C8I-00034-00013741-00013981": "creating a type of viral marketing for your business."}}, {"audio_id": "4SA8AmqoKO8", "text": {"4SA8AmqoKO8-00000-00000000-00000291": "Everyone... Finally, we...", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00001-00000291-00000446": "we came to the mixed bath.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00002-00001989-00002398": "\"Today was a little special way to spa (?)\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00003-00002398-00002756": "\"You can't miss this hot spring trip in Japan\". Shall we watch it together?\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00004-00002898-00003015": "NAVI : The right side of this signal.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00005-00003015-00003249": "The right side of this signal...", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00006-00003249-00003524": "Yes... I don't know how to read it.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00007-00003524-00003920": "Today, uh... The second day to go to the hot spring.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00008-00003920-00004049": "sungchan’s face is dark.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00009-00004049-00004408": "\"Yuka's second oldest sister is filming today.\" she can't speak Korean.\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00010-00004408-00004721": "If it's here again, let's take it again. (she can't understand Korean, but sungchan keep saying it in Korean)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00011-00004721-00004959": "Do you understand me? (Sungchan..?)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00012-00004959-00005055": "CHI-chan (second oldest): I don't know.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00013-00005055-00005234": "First of all, we...", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00014-00005234-00005480": "NAVI : It's to the right.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00015-00005480-00005872": "\"Kind Mr. Navi\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00016-00005897-00006085": "Yes, yes, yes! Today...", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00017-00006085-00006202": "The person filming right now...", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00018-00006202-00006318": "NAVI : Shut up from the left.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00019-00006552-00006656": "so! first..", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00020-00006656-00006827": "NAVI : Next time, shut up.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00021-00006827-00007253": "\"I arrived at the hot spring village while I was getting close to the Japanese navigation\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00022-00007386-00007811": "\"I'm amazed by the hot spring-like village I've seen in movies\".\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00023-00007811-00007978": "so..(Please wrap up the opening)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00024-00008170-00008483": "First of all, the person filming today...", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00025-00008483-00008729": "Yuka's second older sister.(god came out..?)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00026-00008729-00008804": "NAVI : Its left", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00027-00008804-00008942": "Please introduce yourself.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00028-00008942-00009242": "Second sister: I'm Chi-chan.What about Sungchan?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00029-00009242-00009376": "What are you talking about?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00030-00009376-00009630": "Look here. It's a hot spring village.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00031-00009630-00010001": "\"Finally arrived at the hot spring\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00032-00010372-00010789": "It's been a while since the two of us had a time together.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00033-00010831-00010956": "It's just the two of us?(All family members came)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00034-00010956-00011090": "Rohan, what's this?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00035-00011090-00011232": "gga gge", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00036-00011415-00011536": "What's this?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00037-00011536-00011828": "Ishi (ishi means stone in Japanese.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00038-00011828-00012274": "\"These days, rohan been speaking two languages at the same time, so he got some Side effects...\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00039-00012274-00012487": "Let's go~huh?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00040-00012741-00012933": "Huh? he became a puppy.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00041-00012933-00013079": "Let's go, Rohan. Come here.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00042-00013338-00013680": "\"Rohan is back to his original resolution\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00043-00014030-00014235": "Excuse me... It's because Chi-chan..", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00044-00014235-00014693": "\"Sungchan nags a lot after asking for a shoot\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00045-00014781-00015156": "Today is my second hot spring!", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00046-00015156-00015607": "\"You can check out the first hot spring vlog in the previous video\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00047-00015853-00016170": "\"One of the best views is the hot spring.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00048-00016170-00016545": "\"And Sungchan is still nagging Chichan about filming.\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00049-00016779-00017012": "Look at Chi-chan. No, it's not Chi-chan.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00050-00017012-00017204": "Ah! Look at Chi-chan, too.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00051-00017221-00017354": "This place is nice.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00052-00017429-00017613": "Today, after a long time...", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00053-00018030-00018159": "What are you doing?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00054-00018159-00018435": "That's a goldfish. Goldfish.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00055-00018435-00018522": "Goldfish.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00056-00018522-00018739": "Oh! You're good at talking now.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00057-00018960-00019073": "Is it a bird?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00058-00019073-00019194": "Not birds.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00059-00019227-00019369": "its bird!(Confident)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00060-00019469-00019790": "\"Arrived at the room\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00061-00020015-00020249": "Let's see. What about this time?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00062-00020824-00021058": "Oh, it looks like Japan. (It's Japan))", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00063-00021383-00021521": "one two three~", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00064-00021842-00022147": "Did you see that? Oh, it's look like..", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00065-00022188-00022451": "It feels like a motel something..", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00066-00022580-00022772": "it's nice, Rohan.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00067-00022772-00022851": "Do you like it?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00068-00022927-00023006": "Do you like it?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00069-00023006-00023194": "(That's too much.)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00070-00023339-00023527": "What are you doing, Rohan?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00071-00023606-00023928": "\"A great playground for Rohan”.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00072-00024361-00024641": "Yuka, you're pretty today, too. (Throwing excuses)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00073-00024641-00024766": "(yo bro..What do you want?)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00074-00025054-00025367": "Like this, prepared yukata.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00075-00025504-00025800": "There's Rohan's, too. Okay.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00076-00025821-00026009": "If you look here...", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00077-00026130-00026409": "Japanese-style door. (yo bro it's Japan)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00078-00027056-00027477": "Wow, totally Japanese style... Wow, totally... (sungchan who likes things like this)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00079-00027606-00027840": "\"Arthritis\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00080-00028240-00028344": "What's this?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00081-00028374-00028862": "Look at this. A cup covered with plastic.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00082-00029241-00029445": "We should learn how to play \"Baco Home\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00083-00029583-00029842": "Wow, this is it's", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00084-00029900-00030025": "Is this all free, Yuka?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00085-00030025-00030309": "I don't think so...Right... (It's not free)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00086-00030309-00030593": "I don't think I should drink it.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00087-00030593-00030747": "Welcome cake Rohan.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00088-00031051-00031206": "Rohan I’m gonna eating this alone.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00089-00031206-00031414": "This is dad...Where he go?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00090-00031414-00031656": "\"I'm always nervous when I don't see ROHAN\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00091-00032432-00032757": "\"ROHAN learned No because his cousin spoke English\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00092-00032999-00033279": "\"And Rohan is pooing...\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00093-00033412-00033654": "I can't believe it.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00094-00034438-00034551": "(How does it taste?)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00095-00034551-00034793": "Just a welcome cake. Welcome cake.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00096-00034976-00035135": "\"ROHAN is attacking\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00097-00035268-00035502": "Hey, it's really a mixed bath.(Having a meeting for mixed bath)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00098-00035960-00036227": "\"They're so close to each other\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00099-00036227-00036390": "Chi-chan and convenience store.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00100-00036390-00036523": "we leaving.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00101-00036523-00036611": "cute~. (Convenience store is on the 1st floor)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00102-00036728-00037103": "Third floor, third floor. It's the same as Yuka.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00103-00037170-00037404": "It's the 3rd floor. Where are you going?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00104-00037404-00037846": "Is it the same as Yuka? This family is definitely...", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00105-00037866-00038008": "Second floor. x3", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00106-00038008-00038096": "its first floor.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00107-00038096-00038271": "Ah... Is it the first floor?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00108-00038525-00038876": "\"Did you play like this with Chi-chan?\"\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00109-00038876-00039226": "\"No wonder it didn't come at all...\".\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00110-00039318-00039543": "It's slippery here, so be careful.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00111-00039885-00040236": "\"You're so bright Your strength is that you're bright\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00112-00040236-00040419": "It's like a hot spring.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00113-00040715-00040970": "If I go there, is it a men's bath? Men's bath.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00114-00040970-00041391": "This is the women's side of Ladies' Generation, right?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00115-00041391-00041583": "You're sure, right? Don't get it wrong.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00116-00041583-00041725": "CH: That's Sungchan. (Experienced in a girls' bath)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00117-00042071-00042471": "(Why is this so low? The reason is…?)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00118-00042767-00042988": "Okay, shall we go? (Checks the men’s)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00119-00042988-00043218": "You should always be careful when you come to Japan.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00120-00043218-00043647": "Sometimes, girls' and men's baths change like this. That's all you need to be careful about.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00121-00043672-00043847": "From now on...", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00122-00043847-00044106": "Shall we change and have some fun?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00123-00044990-00045624": "\"While Chi-chan and Sungchan are outside for a while...\"\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00124-00045958-00046154": "Oh, my eyes are spinning!", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00125-00046788-00046984": "cute~", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00126-00047318-00047534": "Hey! do or not", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00127-00047743-00047939": "It's also?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00128-00047939-00048022": "really?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00129-00048135-00048748": "\"YUKA is in love with Rohan, who's so talkative these days\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00130-00048811-00049103": "chichan is mine~!", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00131-00049190-00049382": "Is it working? (Installing the camera)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00132-00049566-00049662": "cute?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00133-00049974-00050162": "I'm not going to do it. (Stop making me do it)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00134-00050208-00050404": "I'm not going to be..", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00135-00050404-00050600": "What about Rohandes? (Parents who are persistent)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00136-00050763-00050955": "(ro..rohan?)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00137-00050955-00051155": "(Oh...I'll order moderately.)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00138-00051359-00051559": "(In the end, he's going crazy...)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00139-00052106-00052185": "shall we?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00140-00052202-00052406": "Yes. (Where is Yuka's focus)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00141-00052552-00052756": "See you.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00142-00053386-00053636": "(Meanwhile, Yuka plays with her hands and feet separately)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00143-00053766-00053878": "I can see it. (The shooting angle failed)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00144-00053878-00054208": "Hurry up and leave hahaha", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00145-00054904-00055271": "\"On my way to the family bath I reserved in advance\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00146-00056185-00056314": "Now, here...", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00147-00056314-00056468": "(Where did a cicada come from?)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00148-00056468-00056794": "This is a mixed bath.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00149-00056794-00057044": "(Rubbing his face)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00150-00057044-00057432": "I made a reservation, so I'm going to go in now.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00151-00057432-00057766": "It's the first time for the three of us to go to a hot spring.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00152-00058683-00058913": "I think Rohan will like it.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00153-00060293-00060402": "hot", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00154-00060402-00060598": "It's hot, right? Rohan is cute.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00155-00061248-00061478": "water x3", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00156-00061619-00061711": "Is it hot?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00157-00062024-00062479": "It's hotti. (Japanese dialect)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00158-00062479-00062821": "\"Rohan’s Japanese is so cute these days\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00159-00063267-00063959": "\"Rohan became a big fan of hot springs in Japan\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00160-00064718-00065102": "\"But I can't see because of the humidity...So...\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00161-00065523-00066074": "It's real. (Fanning with a hot spring or towel)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00162-00066166-00066624": "I can't see the video because of the humidity!", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00163-00066624-00066904": "You can't see that, right?LOL", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00164-00067079-00067446": "\"And rohan who started to enjoy it\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00165-00067917-00068168": "Excuse me? This..", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00166-00068597-00068756": "Dad, it hurts. It hurts.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00167-00068756-00068931": "im not sick haha", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00168-00070153-00070557": "Oh my..", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00169-00070678-00070883": "(I think he's the type to sing with his brain)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00170-00071780-00071930": "I'm scared.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00171-00071930-00072109": "(He's my husband, but his face is scary...)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00172-00072555-00072801": "Wow, its good~", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00173-00073027-00073319": "\"It's been a while since the two of you had a cozy time...Is it a bowl?\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00174-00073319-00073656": "Honey, here... There's a drunk man, too.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00175-00073736-00073998": "Hey, can't you drink somewhere else over there?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00176-00074299-00074561": "Honey... Today we... (Are we starting again?)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00177-00074653-00074791": "Today, we...", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00178-00074903-00075091": "(Why are you spinning yuka elbows?)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00179-00075091-00075329": "(Thought it was an ant licker)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00180-00075517-00075884": "\"Rohan had a drink before having dinner after taking a hot spring bath\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00181-00076176-00076363": "You're pretty good drink", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00182-00076451-00076693": "Is this a bar or what?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00183-00076755-00076914": "Hey! (You're a manly man)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00184-00077018-00077177": "I'll give you a this if you kiss your mom.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00185-00078620-00078887": "\"On my way to dinner\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00186-00078907-00079208": "Rohan, let's go eat.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00187-00080138-00080438": "wow~omg!", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00188-00080547-00080726": "It's no joke.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00189-00080726-00080926": "yo~daddy!", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00190-00080964-00081164": "How much money did you spend?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00191-00081164-00081343": "Wow~ It's about 100 million lol (If you open your mouth here too)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00192-00081343-00081518": "Father, if you spend it like this... (Worried…?)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00193-00081518-00081810": "I'm thankful, right, dad? (Thank you)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00194-00081810-00082044": "Dad: Good. Let's eat slowly.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00195-00082148-00082353": "Cheers!", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00196-00082353-00082795": "It's hot. Cheersx2 hot Cheers. (Hot tea in a glass cup)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00197-00082795-00083099": "It's hot. Cheers! This is Chi-chan! (Was it Chi-chan?)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00198-00083133-00083541": "Cheers! For your father and mother's health.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00199-00083879-00084171": "\"Neat dinner\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00200-00084317-00084559": "Thank you for the meal.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00201-00085160-00085477": "\"Tatami room is so nice for kids to hang out with\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00202-00085477-00085752": "\"Rohan ate so well\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00203-00085752-00086027": "“it was just a little sick...\"\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00204-00086411-00086611": "(And the one who has no sense)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00205-00086744-00087124": "This is Rohans spoon but i was eating his spoon lol", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00206-00087124-00087249": "(And the thoughtless one)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00207-00087249-00087391": "Drink with me.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00208-00087712-00088138": "\"You can't miss Yuka's drinking show even if you're in Japan\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00209-00088375-00088705": "\"Food keeps coming out\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00210-00088976-00089351": "\"Rohan is busy playing and eating\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00211-00089727-00089902": "(Glad that Rohan is still two years old))", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00212-00090081-00090269": "I really enjoyed the meal.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00213-00090511-00090869": "Are you okay? Honey, are you okay?[Not helping]", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00214-00091499-00091841": "\"I'm going to take a bath at a hot spring before going to bed.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00215-00092571-00092930": "Rohan, are you going there?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00216-00092930-00093143": "Do you want to go with your dad or mom? Rohan decides.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00217-00093143-00093535": "[Women's bath]", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00218-00093535-00093651": "rohan, do you want to go there?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00219-00093651-00093789": "(What's the matter?)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00220-00094039-00094410": "\"After a long persuasion, we finally went to the men's bath...\"\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00221-00094410-00094661": "(So sad)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00222-00094949-00095407": "\"Are you venting because you couldn't go to a girls' bath?\"\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00223-00095445-00095841": "(No... I'm a good kid...)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00224-00095891-00096100": "(He's not nice at all)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00225-00096229-00096392": "Gonichiwa Rohan.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00226-00096875-00097130": "Don't throw it, Rohan. It's water.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00227-00097130-00097426": "That's the water. Don't throw it, Rohan. Come here.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00228-00097426-00097580": "No, no!", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00229-00097680-00098052": "\"After many twists and turns, we finished taking a hot spring bath...\"\"", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00230-00098273-00098481": "Rohan is so neat.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00231-00099157-00099528": "\"Rohan is drinking 1 liter of water these days\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00232-00099899-00099987": "Isn't it bad?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00233-00100049-00100099": "good?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00234-00100312-00100558": "rohan, welcome! How was it?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00235-00100738-00100834": "Did you like it?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00236-00101063-00101309": "Welcome~", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00237-00101722-00102014": "\"Next morning\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00238-00102368-00102735": "\"The weather was so nice and refreshing\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00239-00103561-00103995": "\"And as soon as I wake up, I go to the hot spring bath\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00240-00103995-00104525": "\"I personally like to take a bath in a hot spring in the morning\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00241-00105000-00105459": "\"Rohan goes to a hot spring with his mom in the morning\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00242-00106660-00107119": "\"Is it because of my feeling.. Rohan looks so powerful\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00243-00107282-00107532": "How was it? (This hot spring trip)", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00244-00107674-00107753": "Did you have fun?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00245-00108141-00108391": "It was fun.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00246-00108516-00108646": "How was you?", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00247-00108700-00108829": "good", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00248-00108862-00109317": "When you come to a hot spring with a bathtub like this,", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00249-00109317-00109926": "If you have a privet hot spring, I recommend you make a reservation.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00250-00109926-00110401": "If possible, I'm really looking for a mixed bath.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00251-00110401-00110781": "If possible, Yuka and I can do it's just the two of us.", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00252-00110856-00110994": "Should I go? Yeah...", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00253-00111427-00111803": "\"Thank you for watching until the end\".", "4SA8AmqoKO8-00254-00111836-00112174": "\"See you in the next video\".~\""}}, {"audio_id": "4SZ5W0Jzsxk", "text": {"4SZ5W0Jzsxk-00000-00000000-00000200": "Have you ever played badminton on a dirt court?"}}, {"audio_id": "4SZy_6EXWHM", "text": {"4SZy_6EXWHM-00000-00000010-00000530": "THIS ONE ENDS IN A 26-0 FINAL.", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00001-00000530-00000537": "THIS ONE ENDS IN A 26-0 FINAL.", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00002-00000537-00000947": "THIS ONE ENDS IN A 26-0 FINAL. >>> PEQUOT LAKES TAKING ON THE", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00003-00000947-00000954": "THIS ONE ENDS IN A 26-0 FINAL. >>> PEQUOT LAKES TAKING ON THE", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00004-00000954-00001067": "THIS ONE ENDS IN A 26-0 FINAL. >>> PEQUOT LAKES TAKING ON THE LAKERS.", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00005-00001067-00001074": ">>> PEQUOT LAKES TAKING ON THE LAKERS.", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00006-00001074-00001301": ">>> PEQUOT LAKES TAKING ON THE LAKERS. THINGS WOULD NOT GET MUCH", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00007-00001301-00001307": "LAKERS. THINGS WOULD NOT GET MUCH", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00008-00001307-00001551": "LAKERS. THINGS WOULD NOT GET MUCH BETTER, PASS PICKED OFF BY JACOB", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00009-00001551-00001558": "THINGS WOULD NOT GET MUCH BETTER, PASS PICKED OFF BY JACOB", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00010-00001558-00001768": "THINGS WOULD NOT GET MUCH BETTER, PASS PICKED OFF BY JACOB AND IT'S HARD TO FOLLOW WHEN HE", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00011-00001768-00001775": "BETTER, PASS PICKED OFF BY JACOB AND IT'S HARD TO FOLLOW WHEN HE", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00012-00001775-00001921": "BETTER, PASS PICKED OFF BY JACOB AND IT'S HARD TO FOLLOW WHEN HE GETS GOING INTO THE END ZONE,", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00013-00001921-00001928": "AND IT'S HARD TO FOLLOW WHEN HE GETS GOING INTO THE END ZONE,", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00014-00001928-00002228": "AND IT'S HARD TO FOLLOW WHEN HE GETS GOING INTO THE END ZONE, NICE RETURN, THAT PUTS DETROIT", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00015-00002228-00002235": "GETS GOING INTO THE END ZONE, NICE RETURN, THAT PUTS DETROIT", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00016-00002235-00002569": "GETS GOING INTO THE END ZONE, NICE RETURN, THAT PUTS DETROIT LAKES UP 27-0, NEXT DRIVE,", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00017-00002569-00002575": "NICE RETURN, THAT PUTS DETROIT LAKES UP 27-0, NEXT DRIVE,", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00018-00002575-00002762": "NICE RETURN, THAT PUTS DETROIT LAKES UP 27-0, NEXT DRIVE, PEQUOT LAKES TRYING TO MAKE", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00019-00002762-00002769": "LAKES UP 27-0, NEXT DRIVE, PEQUOT LAKES TRYING TO MAKE", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00020-00002769-00002839": "LAKES UP 27-0, NEXT DRIVE, PEQUOT LAKES TRYING TO MAKE SOMETHING HAPPEN.", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00021-00002839-00002846": "PEQUOT LAKES TRYING TO MAKE SOMETHING HAPPEN.", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00022-00002846-00003066": "PEQUOT LAKES TRYING TO MAKE SOMETHING HAPPEN. AND BURSTING THROUGH FOR A", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00023-00003066-00003073": "SOMETHING HAPPEN. AND BURSTING THROUGH FOR A", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00024-00003073-00003233": "SOMETHING HAPPEN. AND BURSTING THROUGH FOR A 15-YARD GAME AND A PICK IN THE", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00025-00003233-00003239": "AND BURSTING THROUGH FOR A 15-YARD GAME AND A PICK IN THE", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00026-00003239-00003426": "AND BURSTING THROUGH FOR A 15-YARD GAME AND A PICK IN THE END ZONE AND THAT WOULD BE THE", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00027-00003426-00003433": "15-YARD GAME AND A PICK IN THE END ZONE AND THAT WOULD BE THE", "4SZy_6EXWHM-00028-00003433-00003596": "15-YARD GAME AND A PICK IN THE END ZONE AND THAT WOULD BE THE CLOSEST THEY GET TO THE END"}}, {"audio_id": "4SZDDqXwhjc", "text": {"4SZDDqXwhjc-00000-00000008-00000312": "the sale of cannibal oil cannibal oil?!", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00001-00000376-00000832": "Noooo! cannabidiol otherwise known as CBD", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00002-00000832-00001184": "is one of the quickest growing industries in the united states", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00003-00001184-00001639": "in december of 2018 hemp, the parent plant of cbd", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00004-00001639-00002056": "was removed from the control substances act in the united states", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00005-00002056-00002520": "so in the united states it's not illegal anymore as compared to other countries where it kind of", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00006-00002520-00003192": "still is and with it becoming more and more legal cbd is on track to become a 2 billion dollar", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00007-00003192-00004384": "industry by 2024 if not sooner so it's no surprise that cbd tea is becoming more popular as well", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00008-00004576-00005104": "cbd tea facts yes the FDA may still be a little bit", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00009-00005104-00005680": "stingy when it comes to cbd mainly this is because there hasn't been tons of research done on it yet", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00010-00005680-00006200": "and in my own opinion they're just being a little bit small-minded about just how safe it is", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00011-00006200-00006928": "cbd in one form or another has been used for thousands of years and there are no deaths", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00012-00006928-00007695": "directly attributed to its use just to be clear it is legal absolutely cbd is kind of the bookworm", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00013-00007695-00008368": "sibling to its flashy older brother thc thc is that part of marijuana that's responsible for", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00014-00008368-00009240": "getting you high and cbd is legally not allowed to have more than 0.3 percent thc in dry weight", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00015-00009240-00010096": "per serving but can it still show up on a drug test no you are perfectly safe cbd itself", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00016-00010096-00010648": "isn't even officially scanned for on drug tests as it is not considered a narcotic", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00017-00010648-00011088": "have you had cbd tea and taken a drug test while on it well please let me know", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00018-00011088-00011408": "in the comments because i'd really like to hear what happened with you", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00019-00011408-00011952": "so why cbd tea cbd tea is a great way of easing", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00020-00011952-00012632": "into the world of cbd products plus people have reported that the effects of cbd tea provide much", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00021-00012632-00013440": "longer lasting effects than simply by using a cbd tincture or placing cbd drops under your tongue", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00022-00013440-00013863": "FUN FACT the method of placing cbd drops under your", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00023-00013863-00014544": "tongue is known as sublingual administration which if you ask me sounds just a little bit naughty", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00024-00014672-00015304": "yes sublingual administration is faster if you want an immediate effect but cbd tea which", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00025-00015304-00016000": "metabolizes slower is reported to have stronger overall effects and is considered to be the best", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00026-00016000-00016784": "method of introducing cbd into the body plus the ability to have cbd in a tea is a much tastier", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00027-00016784-00017440": "experience because just sucking down cbd oil under your tongue isn't exactly like having a spoonful", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00028-00017440-00018152": "of sugar whereas cbd teas are often blended with various herbs that make it a much more pleasant", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00029-00018152-00018944": "and soothing experience how much should i have many teas already come prepared with cbd", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00030-00018944-00019448": "in it so if you're just following the standard dose per cup you should be totally fine", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00031-00019448-00020064": "for most teas you should be having no more than 3 cups per day either way if you are", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00032-00020064-00020752": "adding cbd oil directly into your tea however it's recommended that first time users of cbd", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00033-00020752-00021416": "should stay between 20 to 40 milligrams of cbd per day though several scientific reviews have", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00034-00021416-00022072": "shown that taking up to 1500 milligrams daily for four weeks have shown no negative effects", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00035-00022128-00022520": "pain and inflammation benefits this is definitely one of the top", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00036-00022520-00023168": "reasons that a lot of people take cbd or even marijuana and what cbd does really well is help", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00037-00023168-00023888": "reduce the perception of pain felt by a variety of sources like muscle cramps sprains and pulls", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00038-00023888-00024800": "joint pain and even arthritis a 2018 review looked at studies between 1975 and 2018. these", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00039-00024800-00025384": "studies covered various types of pain including cancer pain neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00040-00025456-00025904": "the results cbd was considered very effective in its pain management", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00041-00025904-00026672": "and had negligible side effects a 2016 study on rats showed that cbd can help with arthritis pain", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00042-00026672-00027344": "and this was backed up by a 2020 review that also said cbd can possibly help with arthritis pain", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00043-00027408-00027880": "gut health benefits there really isn't any research at all on this", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00044-00027880-00028288": "well that sucks well don't get too worried as cbd is", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00045-00028288-00028912": "an anti-inflammatory and analgesic and it's also good at lowering cortisol levels which helps with", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00046-00028912-00029600": "digestion issues and stress and it's also believed that cbd tea can be helpful for many digestive", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00047-00029600-00030424": "issues including IBS colitis gas bloating protecting your stomach lining and GI tract", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00048-00030424-00031088": "health stress and anxiety benefits a 2020 review of social media posts", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00049-00031088-00031472": "yep we're in that world showed how many cbd users talking", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00050-00031472-00031992": "about how it helped with their anxiety anxiety-related insomnia panic attacks", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00051-00031992-00032752": "and PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder a 2015 study found that cbd was an effective treatment", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00052-00032752-00033480": "for various anxiety disorders including social anxiety disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00053-00033480-00034232": "another 2020 study showed how out of 297 adults 70 of the participants reported some level of", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00054-00034232-00034960": "satisfaction or improvement in stress levels with cbd treatment with only 9.9 percent saying they", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00055-00034960-00035736": "had any side effects a different study showed that while 79 showed improvement in anxiety another 15", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00056-00035736-00036304": "actually had their symptoms worsen well it just goes to show that we're all unique butterflies", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00057-00036304-00036848": "and different herbs will affect each one of you beautiful flowers differently too", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00058-00036848-00037232": "sappy felt like i was channeling Stuart Smalley for a minute there", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00059-00037232-00037624": "and doggone it people like me sleep benefits", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00060-00037680-00038304": "studies on the benefits of cbd and sleep have been varied with some studies having only 5 percent of", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00061-00038304-00038864": "the people showing improvement and other studies had as many as 66 percent of the people showing", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00062-00038864-00039408": "improved sleep one of the main reasons why might be this one study in particular showed that sleep", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00063-00039408-00040072": "improvement was very slow to develop and people improved gradually over a five month period", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00064-00040072-00040416": "so while some people are lucky and it helps them with their sleep right away", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00065-00040416-00041008": "it sounds like the rest of us may need to take it on a consistent basis over a long period of time", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00066-00041008-00041512": "before showing significant improvement various diseases and disorders", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00067-00041512-00042296": "a 2019 review showed how cbd can be beneficial for not just anxiety but schizophrenia as well", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00068-00042352-00042840": "however a 2018 review showed no real difference between cbd and a placebo", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00069-00042840-00043264": "group for schizophrenia darn it guess i'll just have to live with those voices in my head", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00070-00043360-00043960": "however there have also been promising studies that show cbd can help with alzheimer's,", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00071-00043960-00044432": "parkinson's, and even multiple sclerosis side effects", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00072-00044488-00045120": "while cbd tea isn't gonna make you all loopy and drugged out it has been known to cause a slowing", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00073-00045120-00045904": "of muscle reaction and sleepiness in some cases so to protect yourself and others you should avoid", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00074-00045904-00046568": "driving or operating heavy machinery after having it well it won't get you high it is thought that", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00075-00046568-00047208": "cbd may interact with alcohol or other drugs and increase the intensity of intoxication", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00076-00047208-00047592": "so probably best not to mess around with it if you're having lots of drugs and alcohol", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00077-00047696-00048280": "finally certain animal studies suggest it could possibly cause cases of infertility but mind you", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00078-00048280-00048864": "this is very limited research so just avoid it or consult a medical professional if you're at", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00079-00048864-00049432": "all worried about this possibility other than that go ahead and grab a nice cup of cbd tea and chill", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00080-00049432-00049752": "cbd and chill not netflix and chill", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00081-00049752-00050032": "completely different things if you want to learn more", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00082-00050032-00050464": "amazing tea benefits then watch either one of these amazing videos right here", "4SZDDqXwhjc-00083-00050464-00051944": "please be kind take care of each other and enjoy more tea"}}, {"audio_id": "4SbHajGKyUU", "text": {"4SbHajGKyUU-00000-00019708-00020298": "If you're still watching and wondering how all of this just happened, and what just happened:", "4SbHajGKyUU-00001-00020298-00020526": "this is for you, this section of the video.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00002-00020580-00021041": "All we're doing in this video is taking a shot that I took overhead of a record playing", "4SbHajGKyUU-00003-00021041-00021624": "on a record player and we're matching the rotation of the video clip to the rotation", "4SbHajGKyUU-00004-00021624-00021756": "of the record.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00005-00021756-00021876": "That's all there is.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00006-00021876-00022198": "And that means in Final Cut Pro video editing, I can turn it on and off.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00007-00022198-00022368": "Here it is lookin' off.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00008-00022456-00022546": "boom.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00009-00022552-00022722": "We're stable as a table.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00010-00022722-00023156": "And really, in actuality, the entirety of this moving shot - we never move at all.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00011-00023156-00023851": "The camera is completely static, overhead, fixed to a tripod, practically immovable,", "4SbHajGKyUU-00012-00023852-00024012": "unless I really wanted to move it.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00013-00024032-00024114": "So.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00014-00024142-00024562": "And when you got the shot of Princess Leia here, the little Micro Machines, it's the same thing.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00015-00024562-00025340": "I just pushed a little bit closer in, and corrected so that it was always the Leia comin'", "4SbHajGKyUU-00016-00025340-00025712": "around every three hundred and sixty degrees, lookin' at the same angle, and BOOM", "4SbHajGKyUU-00017-00025744-00025906": "she's always upright.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00018-00025983-00026118": "It's pretty straightforward.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00019-00026238-00026350": "Here's the same shot.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00020-00026350-00026939": "This one was trickier to do because for some of the parts, the record label that I used", "4SbHajGKyUU-00021-00026939-00027648": "as kind of a witness mark to keep adjusting in Final Cut was occluded by the record cover,", "4SbHajGKyUU-00022-00027648-00027874": "so that made it tricky for me to do.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00023-00027920-00028106": "This is an awesome album, by the way.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00024-00028106-00028622": "Ship To Shore Phono Company is the name of the company that sells this album.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00025-00028645-00028842": "The music is from a video game that is amazing.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00026-00028842-00029047": "In Japan, it's called Mother 2.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00027-00029048-00029264": "In America it's called Earthbound.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00028-00029326-00029866": "Either way you play it, you're gonna have a nice music experience, as well as a stellar game.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00029-00029942-00030483": "So here I am pretending to be very disoriented, after all that spinning I'd obviously just done.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00030-00030510-00030882": "Even though, me, sitting on the floor, did not really spin at all.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00031-00030922-00030995": "Well I did.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00032-00030995-00031112": "The earth is spinning.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00033-00031112-00031388": "I did not spin, relative to the camera.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00034-00031410-00031683": "We were both spinning at the same rate, the camera and I.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00035-00031683-00031783": "So that's good.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00036-00031906-00032152": "But I still gotta act kinda dizzy on the way out.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00037-00032227-00032480": "Never did anything with that Big Boggle game.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00038-00032539-00032638": "That's ok.", "4SbHajGKyUU-00039-00032664-00032762": "Those are squares."}}, {"audio_id": "4T3c1VOcY9U", "text": {"4T3c1VOcY9U-00000-00000444-00000624": "The Academic Resource Center provides a", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00001-00000624-00000752": "variety of student support services", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00002-00000752-00000933": "designed to help students achieve their", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00003-00000933-00001179": "academic goals. All services with the", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00004-00001179-00001374": "exception of some test-out options are", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00005-00001374-00001484": "free of charge.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00006-00001484-00001655": "Many of the services are available to", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00007-00001655-00001797": "currently enrolled students at all", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00008-00001797-00002021": "Webster University campuses.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00009-00002066-00002288": "The Academic Resource Center provides the following", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00010-00002289-00002628": "services and programs: Tutoring Center and Services.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00011-00002628-00003010": "Writing Center. Disability and Accommodation Services.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00012-00003012-00003311": "Assistive Technology. Academic Counseling Services.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00013-00003311-00003668": "Testing Center and our Transitions Program.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00014-00003928-00004064": "In person tutoring is available", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00015-00004064-00004332": "for students in the St. Louis area.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00016-00004332-00004538": "Online students as well as international,", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00017-00004539-00004812": "metro, and military campuses can access", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00018-00004812-00005103": "online tutoring via World Classroom.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00019-00005103-00005280": "In person tutoring is available both by", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00020-00005280-00005439": "appointment and through drop-in", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00021-00005439-00005643": "services at the Webster Groves campus", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00022-00005643-00005882": "for specific subjects. Find the drop-in", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00023-00005882-00006091": "services schedule online on the ARC's", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00024-00006093-00006307": "website. For information about", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00025-00006307-00006528": "by appointment tutoring services, contact", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00026-00006528-00006822": "tutoring@webster.edu.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00027-00006822-00007097": "Online tutoring is available for students in", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00028-00007097-00007334": "select courses, primarily select graduate", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00029-00007334-00007540": "courses, through World Classroom.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00030-00007541-00007754": "To access or inquire about services for a", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00031-00007754-00007919": "course, complete the Peer Tutoring", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00032-00007920-00008081": "Request Form available in World Classroom", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00033-00008081-00008384": "under the \"help\" link.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00034-00008610-00008817": "The Writing Center provides in-person", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00035-00008817-00009011": "writing assistance and coaching for", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00036-00009011-00009215": "students in the St. Louis area.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00037-00009216-00009432": "For students at a distance, online writing", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00038-00009432-00009686": "assistance is available.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00039-00009686-00009875": "St. Louis area students are encouraged", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00040-00009875-00010004": "to make appointments for in-person", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00041-00010004-00010294": "assistance, to do so please visit", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00042-00010294-00010742": "webster.myWConline.com or the ARC website.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00043-00010742-00011111": "For online, international, metro,", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00044-00011111-00011328": "and military campus students, the Online", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00045-00011328-00011457": "Writing Center provides writing", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00046-00011457-00011706": "assistance and coaching via World Classroom.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00047-00011706-00011976": "Papers are returned within two to three days.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00048-00011976-00012222": "The submission form for the", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00049-00012222-00012399": "Online Writing Center is available by", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00050-00012399-00012558": "clicking on \"Writing Assistance\" in", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00051-00012558-00012828": "World Classroom under \"Resources.\"", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00052-00012828-00013030": "For questions about completing this form", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00053-00013030-00013556": "please call (314)246-7661", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00054-00013946-00014174": "The Academic Resource Center is committed to", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00055-00014175-00014394": "providing equal access to education for", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00056-00014394-00014594": "the Webster University community by", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00057-00014594-00014738": "ensuring that students with documented", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00058-00014738-00014961": "disabilities receive the supports and", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00059-00014961-00015138": "accommodations they need for academic", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00060-00015138-00015393": "success. The ADA coordinator works with", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00061-00015393-00015522": "each student to create reasonable", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00062-00015522-00015713": "accommodations that meet the students", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00063-00015713-00016007": "individual needs. At international, metro,", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00064-00016007-00016244": "and military sites, the site Director or", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00065-00016244-00016413": "designated staff member works with", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00066-00016413-00016545": "students regarding their needs and", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00067-00016545-00016806": "accommodations. In all cases, and at all", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00068-00016806-00017025": "Webster locations, employees and students", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00069-00017025-00017247": "may contact the ADA coordinator for", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00070-00017247-00017493": "consultation and assistance. Visit the", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00071-00017493-00017643": "ARC website for more information,", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00072-00017643-00017862": "including the necessary steps to", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00073-00017862-00018086": "receiving accommodations.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00074-00018248-00018586": "Assistive Technology consultation is", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00075-00018587-00018779": "available to all students and may result", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00076-00018779-00018976": "in software or other equipment that", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00077-00018976-00019193": "helps users succeed in the classroom or", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00078-00019193-00019436": "workplace. It allows users who may have", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00079-00019436-00019733": "difficulty remembering, reading, writing,", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00080-00019733-00019984": "speaking, or otherwise communicating, to", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00081-00019984-00020201": "receive information and produce ideas", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00082-00020201-00020509": "more effectively. Assistive Technology", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00083-00020509-00020659": "consultation is available to all", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00084-00020659-00020906": "students, software literacy tools and", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00085-00020906-00021122": "alternatively formatted text books are", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00086-00021122-00021322": "also available.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00087-00021592-00021810": "Academic Counseling provides all", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00088-00021811-00021994": "students with the opportunity to seek", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00089-00021994-00022156": "help understanding their educational", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00090-00022156-00022420": "opportunities and challenges, identifying", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00091-00022420-00022548": "and implementing solutions for their", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00092-00022548-00022783": "challenges and concerns, and connecting", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00093-00022783-00023026": "with university resources, groups, and", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00094-00023026-00023266": "activities. Students can meet with an", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00095-00023266-00023434": "academic counselor to discuss issues", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00096-00023434-00023608": "that may be affecting their academic", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00097-00023608-00023848": "goals, established academic and career", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00098-00023848-00024048": "goals, and find ways to improve their", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00099-00024048-00024262": "grade point averages.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00100-00024504-00024804": "For St. Louis area students, the video monitor testing", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00101-00024804-00025015": "center offers Webster course exams,", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00102-00025015-00025216": "Webster placement exams for foreign", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00103-00025216-00025398": "languages, and Webster waiver exams for", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00104-00025398-00025752": "MBA prerequisite courses, CLEP, and DSST", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00105-00025752-00025989": "exams for undergraduate credit, MoGEA", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00106-00025989-00026245": "exam for education majors, and exams for", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00107-00026245-00026410": "students attending other universities.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00108-00026410-00026577": "Students are required to make", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00109-00026577-00026772": "appointments at least 24 business hours", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00110-00026772-00026970": "in advance of the requesting testing", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00111-00026970-00027205": "appointment. During mid-terms and finals", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00112-00027205-00027382": "students should schedule appointments as", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00113-00027382-00027654": "early as possible to ensure testing appointment.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00114-00028018-00028344": "The Transitions Program serves undergraduate students, who are", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00115-00028345-00028483": "conditionally admitted to the Webster", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00116-00028483-00028702": "Groves campus as first-time freshman, or", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00117-00028702-00028900": "transfer students with fewer than 30", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00118-00028900-00029119": "credit hours. This program offers", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00119-00029119-00029311": "individualized assistance tailored to", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00120-00029311-00029449": "meet the needs of the students and", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00121-00029449-00029697": "emphasizing students strengths. Program", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00122-00029697-00029887": "requirements include, academic counseling,", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00123-00029887-00030039": "a reduced course load during the", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00124-00030039-00030268": "students first semester, registration in a", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00125-00030268-00030436": "learning strategies course, and", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00126-00030436-00030613": "participation in the summer Transitions", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00127-00030613-00030877": "and Academic Prep, known as our TAP program.", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00128-00030877-00031195": "For more in-depth information about all", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00129-00031195-00031381": "the programs and services offered,", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00130-00031381-00031531": "please visit the Academic Resource", "4T3c1VOcY9U-00131-00031531-00031907": "Center's website or call the ARC."}}, {"audio_id": "4ToFM8o40x0", "text": {"4ToFM8o40x0-00000-00000010-00000165": "Hi, I'm Zane and this is your plumbing tip", "4ToFM8o40x0-00001-00000165-00000248": "of the week.", "4ToFM8o40x0-00002-00000248-00000391": "Pipes are often located in cabinets.", "4ToFM8o40x0-00003-00000391-00000488": "When the temperature drops,", "4ToFM8o40x0-00004-00000488-00000693": "it's a good idea to keep these cabinet doors open", "4ToFM8o40x0-00005-00000693-00000833": "so that the heat from the rest of the house", "4ToFM8o40x0-00006-00000833-00001026": "can warm the pipes and prevent them from freezing.", "4ToFM8o40x0-00007-00001026-00001235": "Winter is here and that can mean frozen pipes.", "4ToFM8o40x0-00008-00001235-00001318": "But Zane is right.", "4ToFM8o40x0-00009-00001318-00001453": "Just by opening your cabinet doors,", "4ToFM8o40x0-00010-00001453-00001693": "you can help prevent pipes from freezing in your home.", "4ToFM8o40x0-00011-00001693-00001792": "At United Plumbing,", "4ToFM8o40x0-00012-00001792-00001936": "we want you to make the best decision", "4ToFM8o40x0-00013-00001936-00002115": "when it comes to the plumbing in your home.", "4ToFM8o40x0-00014-00002115-00002309": "And to us, that starts with education.", "4ToFM8o40x0-00015-00002309-00002531": "We always want our customers to be knowledgeable.", "4ToFM8o40x0-00016-00002531-00002694": "That means we will even walk you through", "4ToFM8o40x0-00017-00002694-00002898": "how to fix your own plumbing mishaps.", "4ToFM8o40x0-00018-00002898-00003088": "Before you call someone else for an estimate,", "4ToFM8o40x0-00019-00003088-00003285": "call United Plumbing for answers.", "4ToFM8o40x0-00020-00003285-00003707": "♪ Treating you and I the way you and I would wanna be ♪", "4ToFM8o40x0-00021-00003707-00003871": "♪ So call United Plumbing ♪", "4ToFM8o40x0-00022-00003871-00004111": "♪ U-N-I-T-E-D ♪", "4ToFM8o40x0-00023-00004111-00004390": "♪ United Plumbing ♪"}}, {"audio_id": "4TIAjVExhEA", "text": {"4TIAjVExhEA-00000-00001985-00002221": "Health is, as you see in this graph,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00001-00002221-00002365": "a motivator.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00002-00002365-00002654": "I will give you some arguments, why this is so.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00003-00002654-00002891": "We need motivators: for climate negociations,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00004-00002891-00003168": "for our own behavior,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00005-00003168-00003452": "because this has got to change as well.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00006-00003469-00003729": "Protecting the health of ourselves,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00007-00003729-00003912": "but particularly of our children,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00008-00003912-00004365": "is probably the most noble goal of all of us.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00009-00004416-00004581": "The strongest motivation,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00010-00004581-00004842": "whether you live in Asia,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00011-00004842-00005271": "in Africa, in America or in other continents.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00012-00005271-00005681": "This is why people care about the climate,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00013-00005681-00005977": "and this is why people are ready to act.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00014-00006157-00006768": "It's also why policy-makers act and refer", "4TIAjVExhEA-00015-00006768-00007054": "to the health argument whether if it's", "4TIAjVExhEA-00016-00007054-00007190": "the European Union as we see,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00017-00007190-00007369": "or whether it's other governments,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00018-00007369-00007847": "they use the health argument to justify", "4TIAjVExhEA-00019-00007847-00008120": "regulation and legislation on climate.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00020-00008212-00008506": "I've put together a graph for you to illustrate this.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00021-00008506-00008999": "This is from the IPCC, the first book of the IPPC", "4TIAjVExhEA-00022-00008999-00009310": "of the last report which is the scientific basis.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00023-00009310-00009641": "What you see is the time line on the bottom", "4TIAjVExhEA-00024-00009641-00009983": "which goes from, where I was born roughly,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00025-00009983-00010551": "to 2350, & you see the curves of the temperatures", "4TIAjVExhEA-00026-00010551-00010707": "that are projected to go up", "4TIAjVExhEA-00027-00010707-00011001": "according to various scenarios.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00028-00011090-00011496": "The blue line is the \"business as usual\" one,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00029-00011496-00011890": "this is when there will be no consensus in Paris,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00030-00011890-00012104": "when we fail (COP21, Dec 2015).", "4TIAjVExhEA-00031-00012104-00012484": "The others are lesser scenarios", "4TIAjVExhEA-00032-00012484-00012749": "with a less rising temperature", "4TIAjVExhEA-00033-00012749-00013243": "and we should be on the green curve.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00034-00013243-00013643": "So this huge spread is for us to choose.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00035-00013643-00013932": "It is for our policy-makers, our decision-makers,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00036-00013932-00014162": "to make sure that we are on the green line.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00037-00014344-00014553": "The temperature is on the vertical axes,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00038-00014553-00014753": "and you see now this grey boxes", "4TIAjVExhEA-00039-00014753-00015034": "which are the generations of our children.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00040-00015034-00015329": "And as the temperature rises", "4TIAjVExhEA-00041-00015329-00015517": "and gets warmer and warmer,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00042-00015517-00015688": "so do health effects.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00043-00015735-00016134": "Our generation is more or less getting away with it", "4TIAjVExhEA-00044-00016134-00016551": "but future generations will increasingly", "4TIAjVExhEA-00045-00016551-00016743": "suffer the health consequences.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00046-00016785-00017016": "And I have illustrated this, because it's so abstract.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00047-00017016-00017532": "I put here myself, our generation,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00048-00017532-00017782": "this is my lifespend, god willing,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00049-00017782-00018159": "and then you have the lifespend of my daughter,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00050-00018159-00018550": "my last daughter, and then comes another child,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00051-00018550-00018753": "I did not put my children because I don't know", "4TIAjVExhEA-00052-00018753-00018946": "how many and whether", "4TIAjVExhEA-00053-00018946-00019143": "I will have Great-grandchildren,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00054-00019143-00019438": "so I put children from all over the world", "4TIAjVExhEA-00055-00019438-00019716": "on these generations.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00056-00019716-00020088": "So, it is for THEM, that we need to make sure", "4TIAjVExhEA-00057-00020088-00020563": "that we come to conclusions in the climate debate.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00058-00020563-00020766": "Why are the children so important?", "4TIAjVExhEA-00059-00020766-00020848": "Not only because", "4TIAjVExhEA-00060-00020848-00021003": "they are at the middle of our heart,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00061-00021003-00021129": "but also because,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00062-00021129-00021337": "and that's what you see in the bottom arrow,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00063-00021337-00021543": "because what we do now,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00064-00021543-00021803": "the CO2 emitted now, stays there,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00065-00021803-00022297": "& we have an inter-generational policy conundrum.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00066-00022356-00022512": "It can't be taken back,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00067-00022512-00022726": "so what we do now determines", "4TIAjVExhEA-00068-00022726-00022923": "the health of these children.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00069-00022962-00023440": "This is why I think it is the best argument", "4TIAjVExhEA-00070-00023440-00023666": "to motivate people in an otherwise", "4TIAjVExhEA-00071-00023666-00024050": "very conflictual and interest-guided debate.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00072-00024116-00024446": "Now let me turn to policy-makers.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00073-00024446-00024542": "Do they care?", "4TIAjVExhEA-00074-00024542-00024739": "Do they refer to the health argument?", "4TIAjVExhEA-00075-00024739-00024860": "They do !", "4TIAjVExhEA-00076-00024860-00025018": "Not all of them, but many.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00077-00025018-00025302": "And I think this should become more and more", "4TIAjVExhEA-00078-00025302-00025569": "the case and we want to mainstream", "4TIAjVExhEA-00079-00025569-00025807": "this reference to health,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00080-00025807-00026073": "this using the health argument", "4TIAjVExhEA-00081-00026073-00026416": "to push through, sometimes unpopular,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00082-00026416-00026643": "legislations and regulations.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00083-00026676-00026999": "So here is a fact sheet from the White House,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00084-00026999-00027624": "(reading the title)", "4TIAjVExhEA-00085-00027624-00027949": "So you might say : it is easy for president Obama", "4TIAjVExhEA-00086-00027949-00028286": "to say that climate policy is a health issue.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00087-00028286-00028784": "But let's look at real texts legislation and regulation", "4TIAjVExhEA-00088-00028784-00029229": "and we've analyzed 25 years of texts", "4TIAjVExhEA-00089-00029229-00029427": "on the part of the EU.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00090-00029427-00029839": "You see in this slide, on the bottom you see", "4TIAjVExhEA-00091-00029839-00030072": "the beginnings, when climate change was", "4TIAjVExhEA-00092-00030072-00030218": "almost not talked about,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00093-00030218-00030383": "in 1990,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00094-00030383-00030783": "to today, in 2014, and on the vertical axes", "4TIAjVExhEA-00095-00030783-00030933": "you see the number of times", "4TIAjVExhEA-00096-00030933-00031395": "that climate regulation was carried out,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00097-00031395-00031546": "it's the green curve,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00098-00031546-00031764": "and the blue curve is the interesting one,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00099-00031764-00032097": "is how often health was used as a", "4TIAjVExhEA-00100-00032097-00032431": "justification, as an argument to be invoked,", "4TIAjVExhEA-00101-00032431-00032822": "to promote and to pass this law.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00102-00032852-00033232": "So, really at the EU, we could show", "4TIAjVExhEA-00103-00033232-00033631": "that policy-makers increasingly use this argument.", "4TIAjVExhEA-00104-00034000-00034300": "Subtitles by the Amara.org community"}}, {"audio_id": "4TQJiLIPszQ", "text": {"4TQJiLIPszQ-00000-00000003-00000506": "I am so excited to have my dear friend with me Tonee", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00001-00000506-00001140": "Tony is a fellow PNAS sufferer and she has a very unique qualification because", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00002-00001140-00001698": "she is a mental health counselor,  so she does this for a living - she helps", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00003-00001698-00002334": "people to see where their thoughts are coming from evaluate what's going on in", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00004-00002334-00002960": "their life and yet he or she is with PNES disrupting her journey so thank you", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00005-00002960-00003804": "so much Tonee for coming and joining me on this call so tell me a little bit", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00006-00003804-00004227": "about if you don't mind and I do appreciate your vulnerability and your", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00007-00004227-00004664": "willingness to share but would you share with us a little bit about your journey", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00008-00004664-00005259": "okay so I've been thinking about this and I've been trying to delineate I", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00009-00005259-00006087": "think there's a difference between cause and trigger and for me the triggers came", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00010-00006087-00007143": "first I'm still kind of figuring out the cause so in probably October 2018 I woke", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00011-00007143-00007584": "up one Monday one Monday morning and was reaching in the fridge for something I", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00012-00007584-00008159": "have no idea what but my head had started to do one of these hmm and I", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00013-00008159-00008600": "couldn't stop it and it didn't last very long so I just", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00014-00008600-00009018": "was like oh okay and then maybe a few weeks later I think", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00015-00009018-00009654": "it was my eyes or my hands something else happened and I still I didn't think", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00016-00009654-00010131": "anything of it my husband started to get concerned because", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00017-00010131-00010647": "these were just happening and I started to kind of figure out well what's", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00018-00010647-00011175": "happening you know days before and I was on my so I'm on medication for my", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00019-00011175-00011711": "anxiety, I had noticed a pattern I wasn't taking my meds and then the day", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00020-00011711-00012234": "after I was guaranteed to have some sort of shaking so I was on this path like", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00021-00012234-00012989": "it's got to be my meds got to be my meds and then in April of 2019 I woke up I", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00022-00012989-00013555": "took the dogs out made it right inside my front door before I lost", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00023-00013555-00014179": "vision I called for my husband and by time he go to me to get me to our", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00024-00014179-00014844": "couch my whole body had started to shake and he got me to the couch and he called", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00025-00014844-00015594": "the ambulance and it lasted for about an hour I was like shaking by the time the", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00026-00015594-00016263": "EMTs got there I calmed down but I took my pill the day before so I was then", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00027-00016263-00016813": "like mmm I thought it was my pills not taking them and that sort of began the", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00028-00016813-00017395": "journey of seeing neurologists and my primary care doctor trying to figure out", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00029-00017395-00018501": "you know what's going on so fast forward a few months it was August of 2019 and I", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00030-00018501-00019060": "began to have three to four episodes a day for about two weeks straight and I", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00031-00019060-00019747": "had already been like scheduled pre-scheduled to go and have the", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00032-00019747-00020209": "Epilepsy Monitoring at a hospital near here but I called and I said you got to", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00033-00020209-00020509": "do something because now I can't even function", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00034-00020509-00020911": "I can't I wake up I'm having one and then a couple minutes later I'll have", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00035-00020911-00021384": "another one I went there and at that point I was kind of leaning towards PNES", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00036-00021478-00022170": "yes after doing some research because the 24 hour and the sleep study", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00037-00022170-00022857": "nothing was showing epilepsy so I went and had the monitoring done and so", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00038-00022857-00023823": "September 3rd or 4th I was told I had PNES and I broke a little bit it kind of messed", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00039-00023823-00024417": "with my identity who I thought I was stuff that I thought I had figured out", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00040-00024417-00024879": "because I had a little bit of knowledge of what PNES was because I had researching", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00041-00024879-00025456": "been researching it I was like no I don't have any I don't have any", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00042-00025456-00025878": "unresolved trauma I don't have any unresolved trauma I'm fine", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00043-00025878-00026362": "but I called my mom when they were discharging me and broke and said it's", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00044-00026362-00027291": "because I just held it all back so since then I have started to track", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00045-00027291-00027862": "everything on my cell phone I have a little app or a track if I have one", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00046-00027862-00028320": "track if I don't have one did I get enough sleep did I take my", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00047-00028320-00028837": "pills because I've learned my triggers really really well - stress", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00048-00028837-00029627": "I live at an elevated level of stress I'm normally a stressful person", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00049-00029677-00030156": "I work well under stress so I keep myself kind of at a stress level most of the", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00050-00030156-00030789": "time anyways but when it becomes too much my body decides it's done um and in", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00051-00030789-00031653": "mental health you know with the trauma side of it which is the cause my brain", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00052-00031653-00032308": "has forgotten a lot from my childhood it's blocked it for me but my body my", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00053-00032308-00032802": "body doesn't forget and I think I've made it to the point in my life where", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00054-00032802-00033534": "I've been so strong for so long and ignored it for so long that my body's", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00055-00033534-00034315": "like hey you gotta do something about it now so yeah it's kind of it disrupted a", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00056-00034315-00034938": "lot for a while I'm still slowly because that was only what six four or five", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00057-00034938-00035508": "months ago it was in September that I actually got diagnosed I'm learning I", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00058-00035508-00036390": "know my triggers really well I am starting to figure out the causes but I", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00059-00036390-00036834": "so as as a counselor I know it's important to address the causes", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00060-00036834-00037359": "otherwise I'm probably never gonna be able to rid of PNES seizures however I am", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00061-00037359-00038516": "NOT ready I don't want to because it's going to affect a lot of things so I'm dealing with  the triggers and", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00062-00038516-00039477": "that's that. I like I you said that, that you're at.  You know the", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00063-00039477-00039990": "journey but you're not ready to take that next step and so you're dealing", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00064-00039990-00040492": "with what you can deal with and and you're not just dealing", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00065-00040492-00041101": "with the the triggers itself but you're being proactive. Tonee and I are", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00066-00041101-00041683": "in PNES hope group for recovery those who want to recover and so it's a lot of", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00067-00041683-00042316": "skills teaching and it's it's a community building and so if you're not", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00068-00042316-00042877": "on this journey alone which is I think is so important Let me ask you a question", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00069-00042877-00043576": "what app is it that you use it's just a note-taker oh okay all right good. What", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00070-00043576-00043987": "information have you found or what do you think that would be helpful for", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00071-00043987-00044556": "other people to take note of For me I remember writing like if I skip meals", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00072-00044556-00045222": "what I ate I'm I cut out caffeine completely for a few weeks probably two", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00073-00045222-00045652": "weeks that was torturous now I don't  have it at all so that doesn't matter", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00074-00045652-00046347": "but what are the things that you track so for me one of the big things is", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00075-00046347-00046957": "making sure I take my meds - they're not meds for seizures they're meds for anxiety", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00076-00046957-00047395": "and because I am already an anxious person", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00077-00047395-00047935": "keeping my anxiety at a manageable level is important so I make sure not to miss", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00078-00047935-00048574": "my meds I keep track of that if I took it or not I do have one that sometimes", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00079-00048574-00048978": "I don't want to take because it makes me tired so I will keep track", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00080-00048978-00049657": "of that like that I take it today that I not and this is another one might be", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00081-00049657-00050125": "a little too personal but I'm a very kind of open book I am tracking my", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00082-00050125-00050778": "menstrual cycle because, it makes sense its chemical I started to notice a", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00083-00050778-00051429": "pattern, track of that sleep if I you know if something if I didn't get enough", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00084-00051429-00052047": "sleep which doesn't happen a lot anyways but I keep track of that if I keep track", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00085-00052047-00052624": "If I'm sick, like what happened when it started other than that I'm not keeping", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00086-00052624-00053248": "track of a whole lot oh I could probably yeah night wise and everything but I", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00087-00053248-00053466": "drink coffee all day so I know that that's an issue", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00088-00053466-00054526": "you uh-huh but yeah baby steps. so thank you for sharing that because I think", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00089-00054526-00055009": "that's really helpful to people so many people ask well what CAN I do you know", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00090-00055009-00055390": "cuz they're not not everyone's at the same place at the same time so it's very", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00091-00055390-00055951": "helpful but they can be proactive now you were diagnosed a few months ago back in", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00092-00055951-00056572": "September you said how have your seizures changed from the first ones", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00093-00056572-00057223": "that you had where the EMT came to where you're at now so the first ones were", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00094-00057223-00057329": "those small things I told you about like just a little head jerk", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00095-00057329-00057799": "or my hands they", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00096-00057799-00058384": "escalated we got real bad in August and September before guys diagnosed they", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00097-00058384-00059083": "looked like grand mals.  I could lose sight I could lose speech my whole body went and", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00098-00059083-00059292": "I was having like I said three to four a day", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00099-00059292-00059824": "for about two weeks straight  I've gradually kind of come back down I'm now", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00100-00059824-00060690": "I'm not having any near as frequently in fact kind of about once a month I do", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00101-00060690-00061155": "shake every night before I go to sleep I think it's just my body kind of", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00102-00061155-00061873": "releasing tension it's nothing that I it's nothing notable for me it", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00103-00061873-00062659": "might be for other people it might be for you know I co sleep so my daughter's", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00104-00062659-00063307": "sleeping with me she know okay you're my mommy's legs are shaking but it's okay", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00105-00063307-00064177": "you don't need to worry so I have that every night sometimes I can I notice if", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00106-00064177-00064636": "I'm about to start and I can head it off if I catch it in time okay how do you do", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00107-00064636-00065391": "that real quick A grounding technique so if I can't talk to", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00108-00065391-00066016": "myself out loud because I've had I've had myself start to have this bolt it", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00109-00066016-00066310": "felt like I was gonna start to have a seizure in session with a client and", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00110-00066310-00066766": "that's the last thing that I wanted so", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00111-00066766-00067723": "I dig my I dig my nails into my hand to kind of bring me back to the moment and", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00112-00067723-00068092": "then I will sit and do that for the whole session so I can stay focused", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00113-00068092-00068773": "because in that moment my client is more important to me so that I normally will", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00114-00068773-00069310": "inflict some sort of it's not super painful but it not you like okay wait", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00115-00069310-00069763": "you can't you can't get up in your head so yeah I'm glad you clarified that", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00116-00069763-00070114": "because when I was thinking it was like you're doing you're not how hard are you", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00117-00070114-00070672": "doing this no it's not painful I don't leave you know there may be a mark from", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00118-00070672-00071500": "where my nails well I don't inflict a lot of pain good good so well thank", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00119-00071500-00072076": "you so much I'm so glad we're gonna have another video shortly and I just want to", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00120-00072076-00072408": "thank you Tonee for coming on you've really made an impact in my life", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00121-00072408-00072919": "personally and it's just such a great honor to know you thank you I feel the", "4TQJiLIPszQ-00122-00072919-00073455": "same way thank you all right we'll see you soon okay"}}, {"audio_id": "4UgUTGIcf10", "text": {"4UgUTGIcf10-00000-00000056-00000712": "Natural selection works to mold species to better adapt them to fit in their environment. This is", "4UgUTGIcf10-00001-00000712-00001176": "done through the effects of selection pressures acting on species over time.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00002-00001288-00001936": "Sometimes, as we've learned in my previous videos, natural selection can work on a species and adapt", "4UgUTGIcf10-00003-00001936-00002416": "them so much to their given environments that after a geographic isolation event", "4UgUTGIcf10-00004-00002416-00003024": "has isolated their gene pool for long enough they can evolve to become new species. As part of that", "4UgUTGIcf10-00005-00003024-00003615": "adaptation to their new environment oftentimes existing structures in these organisms change", "4UgUTGIcf10-00006-00003615-00004160": "to be better adapted to function in that new environment. However because they are", "4UgUTGIcf10-00007-00004160-00004752": "the result of shared evolutionary origins, the structures, although different, perhaps", "4UgUTGIcf10-00008-00004808-00005432": "serving even a different purpose for which they originally evolved, still contain the hallmarks", "4UgUTGIcf10-00009-00005432-00006080": "of their evolutionary origins, and we can use these homologous structures to trace", "4UgUTGIcf10-00010-00006080-00006712": "the evolutionary history of a species. Other times, selection pressures from different parts", "4UgUTGIcf10-00011-00006712-00007352": "of the world acting on species from significantly different evolutionary origins can shape species", "4UgUTGIcf10-00012-00007352-00007872": "to be remarkably similar, despite the fact that there is no close evolutionary relationship.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00013-00008064-00008624": "The result of a process, known as evolutionary convergence, and results in analogous structures.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00014-00008696-00009160": "In this video we'll talk about where homologous and analogous structures come from and how they", "4UgUTGIcf10-00015-00009160-00009984": "both serve to inform us better about evolution and how it shapes species. So stay tuned!", "4UgUTGIcf10-00016-00011460-00011560": "[Music]", "4UgUTGIcf10-00017-00011560-00012136": "Hi and thanks for tuning in. Homologous structures and analogous structures are structures that we", "4UgUTGIcf10-00018-00012136-00012856": "find in living things and they are the product of evolutionary processes. Homologous structures", "4UgUTGIcf10-00019-00012856-00013480": "are structures such as bones, organs, or genes that are incredibly complex in nature,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00020-00013480-00014152": "and are so similar in various species that they must be the result of common ancestry.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00021-00014152-00014688": "Although they may not always serve the same purpose or serve any purpose at all, as we'll see", "4UgUTGIcf10-00022-00014688-00015224": "in the case of some vestigial structures, these homologous structures provide us with insight", "4UgUTGIcf10-00023-00015224-00015840": "into how evolutionary processes have shaped species over time, as well as the evolutionary", "4UgUTGIcf10-00024-00015840-00016536": "relationships between both existing and extinct species. On the other hand, analogous traits are", "4UgUTGIcf10-00025-00016536-00017144": "the result of convergent evolution. Convergent evolution occurs when similar selection pressures", "4UgUTGIcf10-00026-00017144-00017656": "act on entirely different species with the same net result in shaping the species to look very,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00027-00017656-00018408": "very similar. In this video we're going to examine both homologous and analogous structures and learn", "4UgUTGIcf10-00028-00018408-00019144": "what they tell us about evolution and how evolution shapes species over time. First, we'll", "4UgUTGIcf10-00029-00019144-00019760": "start with homologous structures. A great way to think of homologous structures is to look at the", "4UgUTGIcf10-00030-00019760-00020432": "the limb bone plan of all tetrapods. When I refer to tetrapods, I'm referring to all things that", "4UgUTGIcf10-00031-00020432-00020944": "currently have four limbs or are descended from things with four limbs. So theoretically speaking,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00032-00020944-00021464": "a snake technically falls into this tetrapod bin despite having no limbs whatsoever because they", "4UgUTGIcf10-00033-00021464-00021944": "are descendant from tetrapods. We'll talk more on that when we talk about atavisms in a little bit.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00034-00021944-00022680": "But if you look at the limb plan of any tetrapod, it's very simple: it's one bone, two bones,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00035-00022680-00023224": "lots of blobs, digits. And if you think about it, your leg has the same organizational plan.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00036-00023224-00023832": "One bone at the thigh, two bones, tibia and fibula, and lots of blobs, and then your digits,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00037-00023832-00024376": "your toes at the end of your feet. That's the same whether you're looking at the wings of a bird,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00038-00024432-00025216": "at the flippers of a whale, and the legs and hooves of a horse, or the webbed feet of a", "4UgUTGIcf10-00039-00025216-00026048": "frog. That architecture, that bone architecture is entirely preserved. Despite the fact that", "4UgUTGIcf10-00040-00026048-00026576": "amphibians and horses and humans and bats even have the same bone plan in their wing,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00041-00026576-00027408": "and whales have entirely different lifestyles, they all conserve the same organizational pattern", "4UgUTGIcf10-00042-00027408-00027904": "of the tetrapod limb. Now if you look at the number of bones that are present, if you look at", "4UgUTGIcf10-00043-00027904-00028632": "the organization, it'd be really hard to argue the fact that every bone in these bone plans", "4UgUTGIcf10-00044-00028768-00029576": "is present just by sheer coincidence. The most logical explanation for why the bats of a wing,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00045-00029576-00030183": "the arms and hands of a human, the legs of a horse, the flippers of a whale or a dolphin,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00046-00030320-00030808": "have the same bone plan is simply because they are all descendants from a single organism", "4UgUTGIcf10-00047-00030808-00031344": "that at one point possessed that bone plan. And in fact we actually have a treasure trove", "4UgUTGIcf10-00048-00031512-00032272": "of fossil data showing when and how that bone plan developed almost 400 million years ago during the", "4UgUTGIcf10-00049-00032272-00032840": "Devonian period in the earliest tetrapods. Now one could argue, for example, that this", "4UgUTGIcf10-00050-00032840-00033432": "was done through some act of special creation, but that begs the question, why would you put", "4UgUTGIcf10-00051-00033432-00034000": "a bone structure like a human hand and hide it inside of a whale flipper? Why would you make", "4UgUTGIcf10-00052-00034000-00034560": "wings of a bat look like a human hand, but change it so that the wings of a bird look entirely", "4UgUTGIcf10-00053-00034560-00035240": "different? The answer is, you really wouldn't do that. The most logical and plausible explanation", "4UgUTGIcf10-00054-00035312-00036016": "for why all tetrapod limbs look the same is we're all descended from a single tetrapod that had a", "4UgUTGIcf10-00055-00036016-00036744": "very similar bone plan, and over time evolution has shaped that bone plan to better serve species", "4UgUTGIcf10-00056-00036744-00037464": "as they diversified into new species. The fossil record provides us with a detailed", "4UgUTGIcf10-00057-00037464-00038016": "understanding of how these bone plants adapted over time. For example, if you look at the wing", "4UgUTGIcf10-00058-00038016-00038584": "of any modern day bird, you will see that one bone, two bone, lots of blobs, digits plan,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00059-00038640-00039136": "many of the bones have been greatly reduced or rearranged in some cases. But you can actually", "4UgUTGIcf10-00060-00039136-00039712": "look back through the fossil record and watch the evolution of bird's wings over time. You can trace", "4UgUTGIcf10-00061-00039712-00040288": "them back into the Jurassic period and start to see what early bird-like ancestors look like.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00062-00040288-00040904": "You can trace it even farther back and see how the earliest bone structures of raptor-like dinosaurs", "4UgUTGIcf10-00063-00041056-00041464": "provided the groundwork for the evolution of the wings of modern day birds.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00064-00041640-00042416": "You could also trace the evolution of mammalian ears and jaws from reptilian jaws and ears using", "4UgUTGIcf10-00065-00042416-00042968": "a very similar approach by examining the fossil record, and this is where homologous structures", "4UgUTGIcf10-00066-00042968-00043664": "come from. They are the result of existing structures being molded, in other cases exapted", "4UgUTGIcf10-00067-00043776-00044616": "for new purposes. The original purpose of those limbs from dinosaurs was to be the front", "4UgUTGIcf10-00068-00044616-00045264": "legs of quadrupedal dinosaurs and of the earliest tetrapods. Eventually some began walking upright.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00069-00045328-00045952": "Those arms were greatly reduced and over time some of them turned them into wing-like structures.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00070-00045952-00046568": "We look at some of the earliest flying bird-like reptiles like Archaeopteryx and we can see the", "4UgUTGIcf10-00071-00046568-00047264": "the formation of those homologous structures into a modern-day looking bird wing. Finally", "4UgUTGIcf10-00072-00047264-00047912": "we can look at a modern-day bird and see how those bones have been exapted for a new purpose. The key", "4UgUTGIcf10-00073-00047912-00048400": "thing to remember about homologous structures is that when we look at homologous structures,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00074-00048400-00049032": "it's the conservation of the structure that's important, not necessarily the conservation", "4UgUTGIcf10-00075-00049032-00049640": "of the function of that particular structure. So for example, the same bones that are used in our", "4UgUTGIcf10-00076-00049640-00050136": "human hands for grasping are the same bones that participate in flight for birds are the same bones", "4UgUTGIcf10-00077-00050136-00050696": "that participate in flight for bats are the same bones used as flippers for whales and dolphins.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00078-00050792-00051232": "But the structure itself is conserved in terms of its organization and then the", "4UgUTGIcf10-00079-00051232-00051776": "relative complexity of these structures make it highly, highly unlikely they would have evolved", "4UgUTGIcf10-00080-00051840-00052712": "independently to look that similar. Now, in some cases these homologous structures have entirely", "4UgUTGIcf10-00081-00052712-00053272": "lost their function altogether. In this case, we would refer to those homologous structures as", "4UgUTGIcf10-00082-00053272-00053872": "vestigial structures. Now I must point out that vestigial structures don't need to be useless to", "4UgUTGIcf10-00083-00053872-00054367": "be considered vestigial. For example, ostrich wings, they're not used for flight anymore,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00084-00054455-00054816": "they're still considered a vestigial structure despite the fact that they've been repurposed", "4UgUTGIcf10-00085-00054816-00055232": "to be utilized to help them steer at high speeds and to maintain their balance. But nevertheless", "4UgUTGIcf10-00086-00055232-00055712": "they're considered a vestigial structure because they're a wing not used for flight. Other times,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00087-00055712-00056248": "vestigial structures have been rendered completely useless. For example, if we look at the wings of a", "4UgUTGIcf10-00088-00056248-00056816": "kiwi. Nope that's still a kiwi fruit. Could you please put up a picture of a real kiwi? Okay,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00089-00056816-00057288": "thank you. If you look at the wings of the kiwi you can see that they're virtually non-existent.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00090-00057344-00057648": "In fact, when you look at them without fluffing the fur (feathers) up you can't see them at all.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00091-00057752-00058296": "And just like the wings of all flightless birds, one could argue that these particular organisms", "4UgUTGIcf10-00092-00058296-00058784": "that are flightless birds would be significantly better off not having any wings and instead", "4UgUTGIcf10-00093-00058784-00059279": "even getting their raptor like arms back. But that can't happen because evolution can't go", "4UgUTGIcf10-00094-00059279-00059896": "backwards in that particular context. So why then do they have wings if they're non-flying birds?", "4UgUTGIcf10-00095-00059984-00060488": "It's simple. They're the evolutionary remnants from their ancestors of when they used to fly", "4UgUTGIcf10-00096-00060488-00060936": "as birds and we see this time and time again when we look at the thousands of different flightless", "4UgUTGIcf10-00097-00060936-00061360": "bird species on islands throughout the world, or we look at the ratites, the emus, the rheas, and", "4UgUTGIcf10-00098-00061360-00061960": "the ostriches, the large flightless birds. Again, you're looking at species who would arguably be", "4UgUTGIcf10-00099-00061960-00062416": "better off having four limbs of some type even if they were little tiny Tyrannosaurus rex arms.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00100-00062504-00062896": "But they don't have those because they are the descendants of birds and their homologous", "4UgUTGIcf10-00101-00062896-00063391": "structures, those wings, despite being vestigial, give them away. The same can be said for our", "4UgUTGIcf10-00102-00063391-00063816": "appendix. Why do we have an appendix? It's simple, we're mammals and all mammals have an appendix.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00103-00063879-00064400": "Ours is just vestigial in the fact that it's pretty much useless now. Again, some", "4UgUTGIcf10-00104-00064400-00064920": "immunologists would argue that the appendix does play a role in maintaining our normal microbiota", "4UgUTGIcf10-00105-00064920-00065328": "by housing healthy bacteria, but that's not the purpose for which it evolved. If you look at", "4UgUTGIcf10-00106-00065328-00065880": "functional appendices in other organisms, they're there to help break down roughage, plant material", "4UgUTGIcf10-00107-00065880-00066296": "and things like that. But since our diet is no longer rich in nuts and plants and so on and so", "4UgUTGIcf10-00108-00066296-00066720": "forth our appendix is functionally useless, and in fact it's kind of like a ticking time bomb", "4UgUTGIcf10-00109-00066720-00067088": "in a significant proportion of us because at some point it's going to get clogged and", "4UgUTGIcf10-00110-00067088-00067736": "potentially explode and kill us if we if we don't get it removed before that happens or we're not", "4UgUTGIcf10-00111-00067736-00068368": "treated after it happens. But again, the appendix serves as a reminder of our evolutionary past,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00112-00068368-00068848": "that we are related to all of those things that have an appendix, because we are like them,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00113-00068848-00069440": "mammals descended from a million ancestors who had a functional appendix. Sometimes", "4UgUTGIcf10-00114-00069440-00069800": "we see the re-emergence of homologous structures that we thought had gone away", "4UgUTGIcf10-00115-00069928-00070552": "through our evolutionary history. Atavisms are the recapitulation of an ancestral trait. Occasionally", "4UgUTGIcf10-00116-00070552-00071280": "a snake is actually born with a leg or multiple legs. Occasionally a human being is born with a", "4UgUTGIcf10-00117-00071280-00071928": "tail. Now when you see these atavistic structures re-emerge, oftentimes they don't look complete,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00118-00071928-00072472": "they don't look functional. And you're right, they're probably not functional for the most part", "4UgUTGIcf10-00119-00072472-00072912": "because what you have to think about is this, the reason those structures can reappear in the first", "4UgUTGIcf10-00120-00072912-00073472": "place is the molecular programming, the genes to make snake legs or to make a human tail are", "4UgUTGIcf10-00121-00073472-00074136": "still present. However because those structures no longer exist in a normal body plan for a snake in", "4UgUTGIcf10-00122-00074136-00074672": "the case of legs or a tail in the case of humans, those structures are no longer under selection", "4UgUTGIcf10-00123-00074672-00075064": "pressure. And what did we learn about structures that are no longer under selection pressure?", "4UgUTGIcf10-00124-00075136-00075800": "They tend to degrade over time. Why? Because remember there are way more ways to get worse", "4UgUTGIcf10-00125-00075800-00076248": "than there are to get better. So those genes have degraded over time so when they accidentally get", "4UgUTGIcf10-00126-00076248-00076800": "turned on, they brush the cobwebs off and they make the best snake leg they possibly can, but", "4UgUTGIcf10-00127-00076800-00077400": "it's not a good one. They make the best human tail they possibly can, but again, it's not a good one.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00128-00077520-00077976": "But again, the fact that these atavistic structures can re-emerge from time to time", "4UgUTGIcf10-00129-00078064-00078600": "is proof of the evolutionary history of these organisms. It's proof that we are descendant from", "4UgUTGIcf10-00130-00078600-00079152": "primates, that for the most part have tails. Our tailbones just happen to fuse together", "4UgUTGIcf10-00131-00079152-00079744": "to form a coccyx, typically our tailbone, prior to birth. It's a reminder that snakes", "4UgUTGIcf10-00132-00079808-00080504": "are descendant from four-legged tetrapods. They just happen to lose those by adapting to their", "4UgUTGIcf10-00133-00080504-00081088": "new lifestyle of slithering from point A to point B with no legs. Speaking of genetics,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00134-00081160-00081744": "genes can also serve as homologous structures. Now while genes aren't necessarily structures per se,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00135-00081744-00082192": "we still refer to them as homologous structures because they are a great way of following our", "4UgUTGIcf10-00136-00082192-00082912": "evolutionary history. It's only been in the last 30 to 40 years since the advent of gene sequencing", "4UgUTGIcf10-00137-00083040-00083728": "and in the last 10 to 20 years with the advent of high-efficiency, high-throughput, low-cost", "4UgUTGIcf10-00138-00083728-00084280": "sequencing that we're beginning to really use genetics as a way of following the evolutionary", "4UgUTGIcf10-00139-00084280-00084976": "history of organisms. One of the things that we can observe in all multicellular animals is", "4UgUTGIcf10-00140-00084976-00085704": "a group of genes known as the Hox genes or homeobox genes. Hox genes are found in all", "4UgUTGIcf10-00141-00085704-00086288": "multicellular organisms and one of the very interesting things about hox genes is that they", "4UgUTGIcf10-00142-00086288-00086904": "are essential for advanced body plans. It turns out that Hox genes encode proteins that control", "4UgUTGIcf10-00143-00086904-00087608": "the spatiotemporal planning of development. They basically decide what genes are supposed to be on", "4UgUTGIcf10-00144-00087608-00087984": "and where those genes are supposed to be on during the developmental process,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00145-00088072-00088552": "and mutations in these hox genes can lead to some pretty bizarre effects.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00146-00088824-00089456": "Nevertheless, one of the things that we can see is a high degree of conservation of where these genes", "4UgUTGIcf10-00147-00089456-00089992": "are located in our genome as well as how they function to regulate our developmental patterning.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00148-00090128-00090584": "The other thing that we've seen with Hox genes is that they've undergone several rounds of", "4UgUTGIcf10-00149-00090584-00090896": "gene duplications throughout evolutionary history.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00150-00091016-00091352": "These gene duplications are incredibly important, and we won't get into the", "4UgUTGIcf10-00151-00091352-00091856": "details of gene duplications today, but we will talk later on about how gene duplications", "4UgUTGIcf10-00152-00092000-00092600": "are both necessary and important for the diversification of body plans in multicellular", "4UgUTGIcf10-00153-00092600-00093288": "organisms. We'll talk about how they're needed to to create advanced structures and advanced", "4UgUTGIcf10-00154-00093288-00094216": "molecular pathways through natural processes of evolution. One great example of how we can use", "4UgUTGIcf10-00155-00094408-00095456": "gene homologies to follow an evolutionary path is to look at the GULO pseudogene found in primates.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00156-00095640-00096328": "So GULO, if you recall from one of my previous videos, is a gene whose protein that it encodes", "4UgUTGIcf10-00157-00096328-00096912": "is an enzyme that's essential for making vitamin c. We refer to this gene as psi-GULO", "4UgUTGIcf10-00158-00096912-00097536": "in all primates because it is a pseudogene. This gene is broken. While most other mammals", "4UgUTGIcf10-00159-00097600-00098184": "possess GULO that is functional and are able to make their own vitamin c, primates cannot.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00160-00098288-00098760": "So one of the things we have to first think about is why would primates have a pseudogene", "4UgUTGIcf10-00161-00098760-00099240": "for making vitamin c. Why would that gene be allowed to degrade and become non-functional?", "4UgUTGIcf10-00162-00099360-00099880": "Simple, primates evolved in a world where their diet had plenty of vitamin c in it.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00163-00099880-00100496": "Therefore there was no selection pressure on the GULO gene to continue to function. There", "4UgUTGIcf10-00164-00100496-00101024": "are more ways to get worse than there are to get better. A series of mutations rendered the gene", "4UgUTGIcf10-00165-00101024-00101752": "product non-functional, and in fact when you look at psi-GULO in all primates, we all share", "4UgUTGIcf10-00166-00101816-00102456": "six gene mutations whether you're a gorilla or an orangutan or a chimpanzee or a human.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00167-00102456-00103168": "We all have six GULO mutations in common, and these were likely the original six that rendered", "4UgUTGIcf10-00168-00103168-00104016": "GULO a pseudogene and made it non-functional. But then if you look at psi-GULO just in orangutans,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00169-00104104-00104680": "you will notice that the orangutans have several other mutations in their GULO gene", "4UgUTGIcf10-00170-00104752-00105424": "that is not shared by any other primate. So what that tells us, from an evolutionary perspective,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00171-00105424-00106104": "is those mutations must have arisen in the orangutan lineage", "4UgUTGIcf10-00172-00106264-00106920": "after the original six that rendered GULO in all primates a pseudogene,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00173-00107024-00107528": "and after the divergence of orangutan lineage from the remainder of primates.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00174-00107768-00108383": "Because we don't see something like this in other primates, it tells us that the orangutans", "4UgUTGIcf10-00175-00108383-00108888": "were likely the first group of primates to branch off from the common ancestor of all", "4UgUTGIcf10-00176-00108888-00109783": "the other primates. Now if we look at psi-GULO in gorillas, they have three unique mutations", "4UgUTGIcf10-00177-00109856-00110424": "that only gorillas possess. Chimpanzees and humans don't have them. Orangutans don't have them.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00178-00110576-00111232": "So what that tells us is these three mutations must have arisen after the original six, after", "4UgUTGIcf10-00179-00111232-00112008": "orangutans broke off from the primate lineage, and after gorillas had broken away from the lineage", "4UgUTGIcf10-00180-00112008-00112624": "that would eventually give rise to chimpanzees and humans. Then if we look at chimpanzees, they also", "4UgUTGIcf10-00181-00112624-00113064": "have three mutations unique unto themselves that gorillas don't have, and humans don't have.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00182-00113168-00113872": "Of course that means those mutations must have arisen after the original six,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00183-00113872-00114328": "after orangutans broke away, after gorillas broke away from the primate lineage,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00184-00114400-00115144": "and sometime after the chimpanzee-human lineage split. If we look at human psi-GULO, we have 11.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00185-00115208-00115808": "If we look at human psi-GULO, we find that there are 15 mutations that only humans possess", "4UgUTGIcf10-00186-00115904-00116608": "that no other primate has. And what that tells us is those 15 mutations in our GULO", "4UgUTGIcf10-00187-00116608-00117168": "must have occurred after the human and chimpanzee lineage split sometime around", "4UgUTGIcf10-00188-00117168-00117888": "7 million years ago. This is a great example of how we can use gene homologies to follow", "4UgUTGIcf10-00189-00117888-00118480": "the evolutionary path of organisms, and of course all of what we've learned from the molecular data", "4UgUTGIcf10-00190-00118559-00118992": "is also matched but what we find, for example, in the fossil record, or where we compare", "4UgUTGIcf10-00191-00118992-00119511": "anatomical and physiologic similarities, and that's the key to tracing the evolutionary", "4UgUTGIcf10-00192-00119511-00120080": "history of species. You use multiple points of reference and then when they all agree it's very,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00193-00120080-00120592": "very unlikely the evolution of those species could have happened in any other way. So now", "4UgUTGIcf10-00194-00120592-00121280": "let's turn to analogous structures. From time to time we look at species and we see that they share", "4UgUTGIcf10-00195-00121280-00122016": "similar behaviors, similar structures, but when we look at them from a microscopic point of view", "4UgUTGIcf10-00196-00122016-00122568": "or from a subsurface point of view, we realize that despite the fact, for example, that many", "4UgUTGIcf10-00197-00122568-00123152": "species have the ability to fly. Bat wings are significantly different from the wings of insects.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00198-00123311-00124008": "These are a great example of analogous structures. Analogous structures are the result of similar", "4UgUTGIcf10-00199-00124008-00124648": "selection pressures acting on different species of different evolutionary origins. One way,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00200-00124704-00125352": "if you think about it, analogous structures, are kind of the opposite of homologous structures", "4UgUTGIcf10-00201-00125352-00125800": "because with homologous structures they're the result of shared ancestry. They have a", "4UgUTGIcf10-00202-00125800-00126376": "similar structure, but may have entirely different functions. On the other hand, analogous structures", "4UgUTGIcf10-00203-00126376-00127008": "are not the result of shared ancestry and they usually have entirely different structural basis,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00204-00127008-00127511": "but perform the same function. The way I like to think of analogous structures is this,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00205-00127511-00128080": "analogous structures are evolutionarily good ideas. It turns out the ability to fly is a", "4UgUTGIcf10-00206-00128080-00128600": "pretty powerful advantage for a lot of different reasons, both for defense, for finding food,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00207-00128600-00129072": "and for traveling. Lots of benefits to flying. So of course it makes sense that flight would have", "4UgUTGIcf10-00208-00129072-00129744": "evolved at least four times that we know about in the history of animals. Another great example of", "4UgUTGIcf10-00209-00129744-00130256": "an analogous structure comes from when we look at new world cacti and old world euphorbia.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00210-00130352-00130704": "If you look at both of these, you might not even be able to distinguish them from each other.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00211-00130759-00131128": "The best way to distinguish them from each other from the eye perspective is to know whether you're", "4UgUTGIcf10-00212-00131128-00131584": "looking at something growing in an American desert or African desert or a Middle Eastern desert,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00213-00131584-00132120": "for example. Euphorbia live in the old world and cacti from the new world. But it turns out", "4UgUTGIcf10-00214-00132120-00132720": "that if you are a flowering plant that lives in a desert it's a good idea to have a thick,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00215-00132720-00133408": "round water-retaining trunk, reduce your leaves into spikes, have a thick cuticle that prevents", "4UgUTGIcf10-00216-00133408-00133944": "you from losing water, and a wide, shallow root network. Both of these species have reached", "4UgUTGIcf10-00217-00133944-00134376": "this particular body plan as a result of similar selection pressures. They're not particularly", "4UgUTGIcf10-00218-00134376-00134912": "closely related to each other on a genetic level or on an evolutionary level. They're descendants", "4UgUTGIcf10-00219-00134912-00135312": "from entirely different species. The nearest you can say is they're both flowering plants.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00220-00135376-00135824": "But the result of natural selection working on them shaped them to be remarkably similar.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00221-00135944-00136576": "Same thing is true for aquatic species. So, for example, if you're looking at a dolphin", "4UgUTGIcf10-00222-00136576-00136944": "or a porpoise or a whale and then compare that to the body plan of, say, a penguin,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00223-00136944-00137384": "which is an aquatic bird. Compare that to a shark, which is a fish, and compare it to an ichthyosaur,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00224-00137384-00138128": "which is an extinct, aquatic reptile. You can see the remarkable similarity in the body plan.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00225-00138232-00138896": "This is not the result of shared ancestry, it is the result, on the other hand, of shared selection", "4UgUTGIcf10-00226-00138896-00139376": "pressures. It turns out that if you make your living in the water, the best shape to be is kind", "4UgUTGIcf10-00227-00139376-00139888": "of shaped like a torpedo or a submarine. It makes you hydrodynamic. It allows you to move faster at", "4UgUTGIcf10-00228-00139888-00140360": "the expense of less energy. If you move faster you can find prey faster and get away from predators.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00229-00140432-00140872": "Turns out that's just the best shape to be and this acts on all aquatic species, fish,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00230-00140936-00141536": "mammal, bird, or reptile that live in the water. One of the coolest examples I can think of is to", "4UgUTGIcf10-00231-00141536-00142104": "look at the continent of Australia. The continent of Australia is inhabited predominantly by", "4UgUTGIcf10-00232-00142104-00142696": "marsupial mammals. It's a world of marsupials and there are very, very few indigenous placental", "4UgUTGIcf10-00233-00142696-00143328": "mammals around. But because Australia is a full continent and has all of the ecological niches as", "4UgUTGIcf10-00234-00143328-00143776": "almost every other continent on the planet inhabited by placental mammals, marsupials", "4UgUTGIcf10-00235-00143776-00144344": "have evolved to fill those niches with stunning similarity in terms of their body plan. And they", "4UgUTGIcf10-00236-00144344-00144904": "all have some type of placental equivalent. Just look at this chart here and you can see,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00237-00144904-00145552": "for example, there is a placental flying squirrel that's matched by the marsupial sugar glider.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00238-00145656-00146208": "And you can see how remarkably similar the body plans are. And they are quite simply the result", "4UgUTGIcf10-00239-00146264-00146648": "of similar selection pressures acting to shape species to look", "4UgUTGIcf10-00240-00146648-00147184": "remarkably similar despite the fact that they really don't share a recent common ancestor.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00241-00147296-00148016": "Convergent evolution, which leads to the formation of analogous structures shows us just how powerful", "4UgUTGIcf10-00242-00148016-00148816": "natural forces are in shaping species, and they give us clues, just as homologous structures do,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00243-00148816-00149240": "into the evolutionary paths of the organisms that possess them.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00244-00149336-00149792": "Thanks so much for tuning in. Today, we talked about homologous and analogous structures,", "4UgUTGIcf10-00245-00149792-00150344": "two different things we find in living organisms that give us clues to their evolutionary past.", "4UgUTGIcf10-00246-00150344-00150872": "Homologous structures are the result of shared ancestry, whereas analogous structures are the", "4UgUTGIcf10-00247-00150872-00151480": "result of shared selection pressures acting on totally different species. I hope you found", "4UgUTGIcf10-00248-00151480-00152784": "today's information interesting. I hope you learned a lot and I'll talk to you soon. Bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "4UhFB7J5B00", "text": {"4UhFB7J5B00-00000-00000010-00000320": "THEY ROLL 10-1.", "4UhFB7J5B00-00001-00000320-00000326": "THEY ROLL 10-1.", "4UhFB7J5B00-00002-00000326-00000393": "THEY ROLL 10-1. AFTER DROPPING THEIR FIRST GAME", "4UhFB7J5B00-00003-00000393-00000400": "THEY ROLL 10-1. AFTER DROPPING THEIR FIRST GAME", "4UhFB7J5B00-00004-00000400-00000460": "THEY ROLL 10-1. AFTER DROPPING THEIR FIRST GAME OF THE SEASON, THE BEMIDJI", "4UhFB7J5B00-00005-00000460-00000467": "AFTER DROPPING THEIR FIRST GAME OF THE SEASON, THE BEMIDJI", "4UhFB7J5B00-00006-00000467-00000944": "AFTER DROPPING THEIR FIRST GAME OF THE SEASON, THE BEMIDJI BOYS BASKETBALL TEAM HAS RIPPED", "4UhFB7J5B00-00007-00000944-00000950": "OF THE SEASON, THE BEMIDJI BOYS BASKETBALL TEAM HAS RIPPED", "4UhFB7J5B00-00008-00000950-00001014": "OF THE SEASON, THE BEMIDJI BOYS BASKETBALL TEAM HAS RIPPED OFF SEVEN STRAIGHT WINS, EN", "4UhFB7J5B00-00009-00001014-00001021": "BOYS BASKETBALL TEAM HAS RIPPED OFF SEVEN STRAIGHT WINS, EN", "4UhFB7J5B00-00010-00001021-00001087": "BOYS BASKETBALL TEAM HAS RIPPED OFF SEVEN STRAIGHT WINS, EN ROUTE TO A SEVEN AND ONE RECORD", "4UhFB7J5B00-00011-00001087-00001094": "OFF SEVEN STRAIGHT WINS, EN ROUTE TO A SEVEN AND ONE RECORD", "4UhFB7J5B00-00012-00001094-00001171": "OFF SEVEN STRAIGHT WINS, EN ROUTE TO A SEVEN AND ONE RECORD AND A SPOT IN THE STATE'S TOP 20", "4UhFB7J5B00-00013-00001171-00001177": "ROUTE TO A SEVEN AND ONE RECORD AND A SPOT IN THE STATE'S TOP 20", "4UhFB7J5B00-00014-00001177-00001231": "ROUTE TO A SEVEN AND ONE RECORD AND A SPOT IN THE STATE'S TOP 20 RANKINGS AT NUMBER 18.", "4UhFB7J5B00-00015-00001231-00001237": "AND A SPOT IN THE STATE'S TOP 20 RANKINGS AT NUMBER 18.", "4UhFB7J5B00-00016-00001237-00001327": "AND A SPOT IN THE STATE'S TOP 20 RANKINGS AT NUMBER 18. TONIGHT THE JACKS TRAVELED TO", "4UhFB7J5B00-00017-00001327-00001334": "RANKINGS AT NUMBER 18. TONIGHT THE JACKS TRAVELED TO", "4UhFB7J5B00-00018-00001334-00001398": "RANKINGS AT NUMBER 18. TONIGHT THE JACKS TRAVELED TO TAKE ON SEVEN AND FOUR GRAND", "4UhFB7J5B00-00019-00001398-00001404": "TONIGHT THE JACKS TRAVELED TO TAKE ON SEVEN AND FOUR GRAND", "4UhFB7J5B00-00020-00001404-00001781": "TONIGHT THE JACKS TRAVELED TO TAKE ON SEVEN AND FOUR GRAND RAPIDS.", "4UhFB7J5B00-00021-00001781-00001788": "TAKE ON SEVEN AND FOUR GRAND RAPIDS.", "4UhFB7J5B00-00022-00001788-00002102": "TAKE ON SEVEN AND FOUR GRAND RAPIDS. FIRST HALF JACKS UP IN", "4UhFB7J5B00-00023-00002102-00002108": "RAPIDS. FIRST HALF JACKS UP IN", "4UhFB7J5B00-00024-00002108-00002142": "RAPIDS. FIRST HALF JACKS UP IN TRANSITION.", "4UhFB7J5B00-00025-00002142-00002148": "FIRST HALF JACKS UP IN TRANSITION.", "4UhFB7J5B00-00026-00002148-00002262": "FIRST HALF JACKS UP IN TRANSITION. TRAILING FOR THE THREE, AND", "4UhFB7J5B00-00027-00002262-00002268": "TRANSITION. TRAILING FOR THE THREE, AND", "4UhFB7J5B00-00028-00002268-00002459": "TRANSITION. TRAILING FOR THE THREE, AND BEMIDJI GOES UP 7, AND THUNDER", "4UhFB7J5B00-00029-00002459-00002465": "TRAILING FOR THE THREE, AND BEMIDJI GOES UP 7, AND THUNDER", "4UhFB7J5B00-00030-00002465-00002595": "TRAILING FOR THE THREE, AND BEMIDJI GOES UP 7, AND THUNDER HAWKS WOULDN'T GO AWAY.", "4UhFB7J5B00-00031-00002595-00002602": "BEMIDJI GOES UP 7, AND THUNDER HAWKS WOULDN'T GO AWAY.", "4UhFB7J5B00-00032-00002602-00002896": "BEMIDJI GOES UP 7, AND THUNDER HAWKS WOULDN'T GO AWAY. LATER IN THE HALF, FINDS THE BIG", "4UhFB7J5B00-00033-00002896-00002902": "HAWKS WOULDN'T GO AWAY. LATER IN THE HALF, FINDS THE BIG", "4UhFB7J5B00-00034-00002902-00003276": "HAWKS WOULDN'T GO AWAY. LATER IN THE HALF, FINDS THE BIG MAN, AND STRAM DOWN LOW FOR THE", "4UhFB7J5B00-00035-00003276-00003283": "LATER IN THE HALF, FINDS THE BIG MAN, AND STRAM DOWN LOW FOR THE", "4UhFB7J5B00-00036-00003283-00003410": "LATER IN THE HALF, FINDS THE BIG MAN, AND STRAM DOWN LOW FOR THE BUCKET AND GRAND RAPIDS PULLS", "4UhFB7J5B00-00037-00003410-00003416": "MAN, AND STRAM DOWN LOW FOR THE BUCKET AND GRAND RAPIDS PULLS", "4UhFB7J5B00-00038-00003416-00003656": "MAN, AND STRAM DOWN LOW FOR THE BUCKET AND GRAND RAPIDS PULLS WITHIN FOUR.", "4UhFB7J5B00-00039-00003656-00003663": "BUCKET AND GRAND RAPIDS PULLS WITHIN FOUR.", "4UhFB7J5B00-00040-00003663-00003900": "BUCKET AND GRAND RAPIDS PULLS WITHIN FOUR. HITS FROM THE WING OFF THE", "4UhFB7J5B00-00041-00003900-00003907": "WITHIN FOUR. HITS FROM THE WING OFF THE", "4UhFB7J5B00-00042-00003907-00004090": "WITHIN FOUR. HITS FROM THE WING OFF THE DRIVING KICK, AND HE HAD 18, AND", "4UhFB7J5B00-00043-00004090-00004097": "HITS FROM THE WING OFF THE DRIVING KICK, AND HE HAD 18, AND", "4UhFB7J5B00-00044-00004097-00004267": "HITS FROM THE WING OFF THE DRIVING KICK, AND HE HAD 18, AND BEMIDJI WOULD TAKE A TWO POINT", "4UhFB7J5B00-00045-00004267-00004274": "DRIVING KICK, AND HE HAD 18, AND BEMIDJI WOULD TAKE A TWO POINT", "4UhFB7J5B00-00046-00004274-00004370": "DRIVING KICK, AND HE HAD 18, AND BEMIDJI WOULD TAKE A TWO POINT LEAD TO HALF.", "4UhFB7J5B00-00047-00004370-00004377": "BEMIDJI WOULD TAKE A TWO POINT LEAD TO HALF.", "4UhFB7J5B00-00048-00004377-00004504": "BEMIDJI WOULD TAKE A TWO POINT LEAD TO HALF. BUT THUNDERHAWKS WOULD ROAR BACK", "4UhFB7J5B00-00049-00004504-00004511": "LEAD TO HALF. BUT THUNDERHAWKS WOULD ROAR BACK", "4UhFB7J5B00-00050-00004511-00004778": "LEAD TO HALF. BUT THUNDERHAWKS WOULD ROAR BACK IN THE SECOND HALF BY NATE GAME"}}, {"audio_id": "4UkPIWkFIRE", "text": {"4UkPIWkFIRE-00000-00000202-00000731": "Lori Ballen: hey everybody welcome to this week's show I'm excited to have you guys all on", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00001-00000731-00001092": "here and for those of you they're listening for the first time this is a", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00002-00001092-00001659": "podcast and I also have a blog video series it goes along with it where we", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00003-00001659-00002268": "are talking specifically about lead generation for real estate and so I", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00004-00002268-00002543": "don't know all things about lead generation", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00005-00002543-00003021": "my specialty is generating leads from the internet but there's a lot out there", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00006-00003021-00003567": "that I haven't learned yet and so by bringing on other real estate agents", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00007-00003567-00004116": "that specialize in a specific type of lead generation or have had some success", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00008-00004116-00004446": "with something new that they're trying I like to bring them on to have them share", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00009-00004446-00004875": "with us what it is that they're doing and some of the agents that we interview", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00010-00004875-00005448": "are doing 24 transactions a year and some are doing several hundred a year", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00011-00005448-00005928": "and today happens to be one of the several hundred I have John Verdeaux on", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00012-00005928-00006380": "the call with me today and he is partners with Holli McCray they're", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00013-00006380-00007170": "actually married and they are the number one team in Tennessee and last year they", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00014-00007170-00007625": "did four hundred and six transactions which is super exciting", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00015-00007625-00008268": "they're so they're big big producers and John is somebody a lot like me generates", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00016-00008268-00008990": "a lot of his leads on the internet and so John welcome to the show thanks Lori", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00017-00008990-00009513": "appreciate that all right so you are this is very interesting is I know you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00018-00009513-00009932": "guys personally so it helps me a little bit with knowing how your team is wired", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00019-00009932-00010532": "a little bit so you guys have several streams of leads coming in several", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00020-00010532-00011082": "several different sources and web is one of the larger ones that you guys do you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00021-00011082-00011550": "also do radio you have an is a team and of course you're doing sphere of", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00022-00011550-00011904": "influence and agent referrals is there anything major that I missed", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00023-00011904-00012582": "out pay-per-click marketing there anything I didn't mention no those are", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00024-00012582-00012917": "the top sources those are those are the places we generate the vast majority of", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00025-00012917-00013272": "our business so I think you pretty much covered it", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00026-00013272-00013994": "all right so you told me that 20% of all of your buyer leads are coming from", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00027-00013994-00014957": "social media ads and 6% of your listing leads are coming from 4 also from social", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00028-00014957-00015515": "ads which is also huge for the people that they might hear 20% and 6% in and", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00029-00015515-00015920": "automatically favor the buyer side but most of us would would would raise our", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00030-00015920-00016326": "hands all day long for 6% of the listing site to be generated right because", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00031-00016326-00016631": "that's we all know that's where the money is so that's also really", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00032-00016631-00017409": "incredible so when you see social ads what are you referring to okay so for us", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00033-00017409-00018093": "specifically we focus mainly and through Instagram and Facebook and so we create", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00034-00018093-00018806": "our own ads on both platforms routinely we have our own system of ways of", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00035-00018806-00019395": "generating buyer and seller leads we treat each as its own almost apartment", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00036-00019395-00019769": "per se because the value proposition is completely different and the ad", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00037-00019769-00020223": "structures are completely different when you're focusing your attention to try to", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00038-00020223-00020784": "generate buyer or seller leads but like I said we we are very consistent and", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00039-00020784-00021309": "we're very focused on those two platforms for for lead generation okay", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00040-00021309-00021948": "so these are this is Facebook and an Instagram are you running the Instagram", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00041-00021948-00022694": "ads from the Facebook platform yes so Instagram works a little bit", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00042-00022694-00023159": "differently because there's ways of doing it you know if you're going to", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00043-00023159-00023582": "that the way that a lot of people do it is they they promote posts so they post", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00044-00023582-00024173": "a video of their listing or they post some sort of content on Instagram and", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00045-00024173-00024512": "then you can promote that post directly from the post which you have to do", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00046-00024512-00025037": "through Instagram now once you've created that ad you can go into your ads", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00047-00025037-00025356": "manager their account and then edit it from there", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00048-00025356-00025910": "but in order to create the ad you've got to go through Instagram push put the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00049-00025910-00026371": "post on Instagram and then create the ad now that's that's one way of doing it", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00050-00026371-00026811": "the other way of doing it is actually creating a campaign like you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00051-00026811-00027452": "would for Facebook ads through your ads manager account on Facebook and you can", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00052-00027452-00027977": "set up campaigns and ad groups for things like Instagram stories which we", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00053-00027977-00028518": "started doing - okay so tell me about Instagram story because I'm not really", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00054-00028518-00029045": "familiar with what that is okay so Instagram stories have your", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00055-00029045-00029816": "account and you you're looking at it and there's there's those little stories at", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00056-00029816-00030212": "the top of your account and there are like little circles and they show", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00057-00030212-00030677": "different people that you follow and if they've posted an Instagram story you'll", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00058-00030677-00031188": "see it up at the top of your account there they're a popular way of getting", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00059-00031188-00031674": "information out to your followers and to keep in touch with people and what you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00060-00031674-00032090": "can do now what Instagram is done fairly recently it allowed you to create ads", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00061-00032090-00032552": "that run specifically with those stories at the top and the reason being is", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00062-00032552-00032799": "because there's a lot more eyes on Instagram stories and are on the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00063-00032799-00033269": "traditional posts based on the statistics so Instagram is now monetize", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00064-00033269-00033890": "that or Facebook I guess they're one in the same in terms of the paid business", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00065-00033890-00034494": "portion of it and so you can run those ads on the stories and get a really", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00066-00034494-00035007": "great audience and in terms of eyes looking at those", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00067-00035007-00035538": "ads on Instagram is Facebook for those ads okay so let me understand so I'm", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00068-00035538-00036306": "scrolling on Instagram and I see the Instagram stories and I click on an", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00069-00036306-00036690": "Instagram story first of all what is that story containing that would be", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00070-00036690-00037305": "worth running out on for you guys so Instagram stories ads work just like", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00071-00037305-00037968": "Facebook ads you can create a specific audience that you that you can you can", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00072-00037968-00038352": "get that ad out to same structure you would here you're going to go through", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00073-00038352-00038709": "the the ads manager create the campaign you're gonna create your audience just", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00074-00038709-00039102": "like you would on Facebook the only difference in that is is instead of your", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00075-00039102-00039843": "placement being on say mobile facebook mobile or you know the audience network", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00076-00039843-00040224": "or something like that you're specifically the creating an ad for", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00077-00040224-00040629": "store it's going to say stories on Instagram and when you're creating the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00078-00040629-00041118": "campaign so everything for that campaign is done through ads manager and then", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00079-00041118-00041496": "you're just basically creating that campaign gram stories now there's a lot", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00080-00041496-00041910": "more requirements that go with that but when you're creating it that's the way", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00081-00041910-00042231": "you go so your audience could be whatever it wants it can be a location", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00082-00042231-00042765": "specific it can be demographic specific all of the tools that are available on", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00083-00042765-00043308": "Facebook for refining your audience are available for these ads too so what is", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00084-00043308-00044159": "so okay so it's it's not a story plus an ad the ad is the story", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00085-00044159-00044640": "so how it works is someone scrolling through someone goes onto their", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00086-00044640-00045045": "Instagram account they go up to the stories they click on one and they start", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00087-00045045-00045569": "scrolling through their Instagram stories by swiping left or right and", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00088-00045569-00045975": "they also scroll through on their own and so you're scrolling through your", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00089-00045975-00046434": "stories or you're looking through your daily updates from all of your followers", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00090-00046434-00046995": "or the people that you follow and then within that action of moving through the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00091-00046995-00047622": "different stories your ad will pop up if that person fits your fits the audience", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00092-00047622-00048299": "that that you're targeting okay so the same as a sponsored ad would be like on", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00093-00048299-00049211": "Facebook but it's showing up in the stories section you got it okay Wow", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00094-00049211-00049812": "interesting and what kind of ads okay this is I'm fascinated by who responds", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00095-00049812-00050181": "to Instagram ads and what the age demographic is and all that as well but", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00096-00050181-00050619": "whose recent movements are you targeting buyer's or seller's primarily with", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00097-00050619-00051113": "Instagram stories so we this is fairly new for us we've only been doing this", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00098-00051113-00051554": "about 90 days Instagram story's ads aren't that old and in the world of", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00099-00051554-00052089": "sponsored ads so right we've been testing a lot and we were running both", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00100-00052089-00052875": "so I can tell you based on the last 60 days of data the buyer ads that we're", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00101-00052875-00053340": "running or doing much better than the seller ads um we didn't", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00102-00053340-00053792": "there's our seller ads on Facebook do very very well but so far we haven't", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00103-00053792-00054336": "quite found the the secret sauce on the Instagram stories ads for sellers but", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00104-00054336-00054804": "for buyers we're getting a lot of rigid registrations from our Instagram stories", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00105-00054804-00055161": "ads and what is that ad kind of look like I know I don't have it maybe you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00106-00055161-00055505": "can send me a screenshot if you want to for the actual write-up but what is it", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00107-00055505-00055977": "look what's the value proposition what's the offer it's real basic and and I", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00108-00055977-00056523": "encourage anybody that is interested in doing this to just to when you want to", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00109-00056523-00056879": "get started and trying to get ideas for ads what I did is I just googled", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00110-00056879-00057351": "Instagram stories ads and looked at what some of the tops you know companies out", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00111-00057351-00057888": "there like Coke Pepsi are using for their ads yeah and kind of get a gauge", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00112-00057888-00058362": "of structure from there it's very simple I mean for instance the one we're", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00113-00058362-00058794": "running right now just says ready to buy a home search now and it's got a nice", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00114-00058794-00059175": "picture of a kitchen and then there's obviously the swipe up option at the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00115-00059175-00059574": "bottom which is allowing you that'll take you to how the ad works is a swipe", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00116-00059574-00060045": "so they swipe up and a take your right be whatever site you're generating", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00117-00060045-00060426": "you're you're trying to get traffic to so it's the home search site for us it", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00118-00060426-00060864": "doesn't need to be wordy it doesn't need to have tons of content far less content", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00119-00060864-00061314": "than Facebook Ads but it's just very basic and it's very", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00120-00061314-00061635": "right to the point solid right now it's not picture right", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00121-00061635-00062019": "and then it called action if the pictures probably right so you want a", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00122-00062019-00062504": "high-res you know you can do a video too but for you know for this I've noticed", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00123-00062504-00063054": "we tried the video and and it did okay but the high resolution picture of a", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00124-00063054-00063680": "kitchen or a really nice home and then you know basic text you know like for", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00125-00063680-00064113": "instance search now ready to buy a home that's all we've got you know you can do", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00126-00064113-00064371": "a little more a little less you can see what other people are doing and I'll", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00127-00064371-00065082": "send you a picture of the screenshot of our current ad so you can see it on your", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00128-00065082-00065667": "link where you have searched all homes now are you sending them to like a an", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00129-00065667-00066159": "ITX link with a map are you did you customize a particular link to track it", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00130-00066159-00066508": "were they going that they're registering yeah", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00131-00066508-00066980": "so we were basically going to a very generic a link that's going to get them", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00132-00066980-00067387": "to start searching for properties within the audience area that we're targeting", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00133-00067387-00067831": "so for instance we live in Knoxville so say we're looking you know the link that", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00134-00067831-00068093": "they're gonna go to will take them immediately to homes that are for sale", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00135-00068093-00068383": "in Knoxville we don't want to get too specific because we don't really know", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00136-00068383-00068893": "yeah that's what my price point they're looking at but it you got to make sure", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00137-00068893-00069325": "that wherever you're sending them it's it's giving them immediately what", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00138-00069325-00069694": "they're looking for so for home search they should easily click this white box", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00139-00069694-00070144": "homes to look at and should have the search customization features on your", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00140-00070144-00070675": "idx page available so they can start customizing alright so they're taken to", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00141-00070675-00071066": "a page it has a list of homes for sale in Knoxville but then they also have a", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00142-00071066-00071522": "little area where they can custom they can enter their own preferences to get a", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00143-00071522-00071968": "search matching their price ranges or office or whatnot is there a membership", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00144-00071968-00072568": "is there a mail we don't have we have a map option but it's it does not it does", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00145-00072568-00072952": "not translate as well on mobile as it does on desktop so he gets them right to", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00146-00072952-00073474": "a list of homes because obviously Instagram is all mobile so it's very", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00147-00073474-00074002": "mobile friendly and then you know they have the map option feature on there but", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00148-00074002-00074419": "I just don't like it as much Molk on mobile as i do yeah it's all", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00149-00074419-00074980": "maps to me on my on mobile on mobile are not quite as effective yet did Jim and", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00150-00074980-00075262": "move him around try to get to the spots I was just curious how that was working", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00151-00075262-00075652": "I've been testing a lot with Maps lately and on desktop exactly they're doing", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00152-00075652-00076312": "much better okay so so it's very sounds I mean gosh I'm gonna have to afterward", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00153-00076312-00076675": "get off this calm and have to go run one myself and see how this works", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00154-00076675-00077314": "are you um notice seeing okay so you said you can target it the same way does", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00155-00077314-00077689": "that mean you can actually select people that are in Knoxville and everything the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00156-00077689-00078311": "same way you would with Facebook yes the campaign set up is almost same structure", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00157-00078311-00078739": "and everything except you're running into stories ad so you know that the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00158-00078739-00079325": "setup part is almost identical in terms of setting up the audience so you can if", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00159-00079325-00079582": "you don't understand how to do that on Facebook this should be a breeze for you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00160-00079582-00079859": "that where it gets it's different is actually when you're create", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00161-00079859-00080582": "the actual ad so the size of the photo is a lot different so you're gonna have", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00162-00080582-00080810": "to keep that in mind when you're creating your because you're gonna have", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00163-00080810-00081074": "to do some Photoshop ahead of time if you're gonna do a photo for example", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00164-00081074-00081521": "you've got to put your text on that photo and do a photo and Photoshop it on", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00165-00081521-00082250": "there before you actually option to add words all right so you've got to do all", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00166-00082250-00082757": "that ahead of time so you've got to basically create your ad on Photoshop", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00167-00082757-00083288": "before you can upload it hand vy4 though my listeners john from my listeners that", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00168-00083288-00083780": "aren't on photoshop don't have photoshop canva is a great free option to create", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00169-00083780-00084374": "things like this it's got a perfect yeah view here of its exactly yeah so you're", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00170-00084374-00084746": "just putting out and you're putting search all homes now and that's all", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00171-00084746-00085184": "that's going on that you have your logo on the picture well it does at the top", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00172-00085184-00085520": "you know because at the top of the show it says hi Lena calling me Craig rips", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00173-00085520-00085799": "our Instagram account so it shows your Instagram account at the top which has", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00174-00085799-00086564": "our logo on it so oh yeah yeah you can put your logo on any do whatever you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00175-00086564-00086984": "want and that's why I said it's always good to just Google Instagram stories as", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00176-00086984-00087533": "yeah that's a great way to get some ideas have you um have you tested the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00177-00087533-00087890": "images or have you just been running one right now have you tested the difference", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00178-00087890-00088202": "between like a kitchen or the outside of a house or the living room or anything", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00179-00088202-00088811": "like that yes I am we are I've run all sorts of different ads at this way and", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00180-00088811-00089201": "you know just like Facebook you've got a reef you got every few days you got to", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00181-00089201-00089654": "change them up anyway because they get stale so we don't run an add more than", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00182-00089654-00090098": "or we we don't run it in the same add more than five days after five days", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00183-00090098-00090502": "we're gonna change it up with a new photo and a new value proposition maybe", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00184-00090502-00091112": "so you know because what happens is is the same people are seeing those ads a", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00185-00091112-00091463": "lot of times and it's the same thing over and over again its effectiveness", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00186-00091463-00091802": "begins to deteriorate so you want to change it up are you changing the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00187-00091802-00092309": "traction or just just the image the call-to-action is the same how we", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00188-00092309-00092657": "presented sometimes is different you know what I'm saying instead of ready to", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00189-00092657-00093083": "buy a home searching for a house you know you cannot claim all of the value", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00190-00093083-00093394": "propositions always same for home search or home our or", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00191-00093394-00093787": "sellers but you weren't it just joins up how we're I'm correct", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00192-00093787-00094525": "how about cause that's very good as far as photos go just answer your question I", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00193-00094525-00094891": "don't have not seen a noticeable difference in the type of photos we're", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00194-00094891-00095733": "using yet okay are you doing stock art are you using your own listings right so", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00195-00095733-00096229": "we're using professional photos from our own listings okay nice ones gotcha good", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00196-00096229-00096631": "stuff tell me about cost per click cost per lead like are you seeing a", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00197-00096631-00097099": "difference between your cost for Instagram story ads versus your Facebook", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00198-00097099-00097825": "ads yeah it's infinitely cheaper super cheap yeah and I think that's because", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00199-00097825-00098308": "there's not a lot of people doing it you have far less competition sure no I", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00200-00098308-00098923": "think now this interview gets out we're all in trouble the reality social media", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00201-00098923-00099562": "advertising is so ridiculously cheap for what value it brings that it's that it's", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00202-00099562-00100188": "insane if you're not doing it is the ease that terms of ROI and in terms of", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00203-00100188-00100918": "effectiveness for loo-li gen it is the best deal out there by far yes still wet", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00204-00100918-00101419": "I mean I've seen people put some ridiculous amounts of money and lead ads", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00205-00101419-00101833": "and things are paying through the roof on lead ads because they don't", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00206-00101833-00102258": "understand how to set the audience up correctly or or they're choosing their", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00207-00102258-00102475": "choosing too many demographics and their audience", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00208-00102475-00102940": "their pan too much or their landing page is terrible so their relevant score goes", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00209-00102940-00103308": "down so there is a little you're right it is it's definitely more affordable", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00210-00103308-00103753": "you still got to have a little bit of a handle on what you're doing yeah that's", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00211-00103753-00104254": "true and it takes a lot of TLC so that's always good to get somebody like like", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00212-00104254-00104767": "like Ballen Brands to come in and do that for you if you don't want", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00213-00104767-00105159": "to fool with it because it does require a lot of attention or if you do when", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00214-00105159-00105727": "you're doing your all yours yourself right yes and how often do you actually", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00215-00105727-00106246": "so let me ask you so we'll go back to cost but how many how many Instagram", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00216-00106246-00106546": "story has been running at a time one and you change every five", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00217-00106546-00107446": "if you have multiple between one and two will run a seller and a buyer yeah go", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00218-00107446-00107634": "ahead you're running Facebook Ads at the same", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00219-00107634-00108240": "time as well oh yeah for sure okay and so are you looking at this every day", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00220-00108240-00108900": "once a week how often do you visit your account three three to four times a week", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00221-00108900-00109426": "and on the side we're always do a lot of things you know we're running you know", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00222-00109426-00109800": "we're running boosted listing video posts you know those are really", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00223-00109800-00110460": "effective these for getting registered on face both Facebook and Instagram you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00224-00110460-00110782": "know we're doing some other stuff while we're doing these so so tell me about", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00225-00110782-00111114": "that it's what you say it's a listing video so it's one of your current", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00226-00111114-00111772": "listings yeah professionals will do a video of our listings the nice ones at", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00227-00111772-00112114": "least the ones that garner that would that would that would benefit from that", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00228-00112114-00112696": "and then we're just posting it on Facebook along with them along with the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00229-00112696-00113190": "on Instagram with the video along with a link back to the actual listing with all", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00230-00113190-00113889": "the details on our idx site and easting it the video ads our team yeah I mean I", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00231-00113889-00114366": "mean just to give you some perspective we're getting on the last one we went", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00232-00114366-00115308": "over 25 bucks for four days we got 5,000 views we got 128 clicks and 12", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00233-00115308-00115633": "registrations Wow and that was for 25 bucks", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00234-00115633-00116292": "Wow that was for 25 bucks so a couple bucks Alicia right that's", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00235-00116292-00116614": "been that's fantastic yeah and our sellers are thrilled", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00236-00116614-00117033": "because they're getting tons of exposure on their on their listing too so it's a", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00237-00117033-00117558": "win-win yeah okay so let me ask you on those demographics so you've got a new", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00238-00117558-00118083": "listing and it's in Knoxville and it's I don't even know your guys's price range", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00239-00118083-00118509": "eight hundred thousand dollar house whatever um it's a nice wine that you do", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00240-00118509-00118908": "the virtual tour on it you run the video ads it has a link back to more", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00241-00118908-00119211": "information and that's what they register to be coming at I've become a", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00242-00119211-00119998": "lead right so hmm when you run that ad who is your target audience", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00243-00119998-00120577": "so this has been this is where the the the grinding comes in and this is where", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00244-00120577-00121042": "having guys like you come in and do it for you is important because it's taking", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00245-00121042-00121486": "a long time to figure out what this secret sauce is and really it's not any", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00246-00121486-00122329": "more difficult than we've really just narrowed it down to a radius around the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00247-00122329-00122648": "property how the Xavier L City is how far the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00248-00122648-00123055": "radius it depends on the city like for instance if it's in Knoxville we're", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00249-00123055-00123475": "gonna do 40 miles oh it's in a smaller satellite city than maybe we might do", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00250-00123475-00124084": "more it depends on where it is you know and what's around it so we do 40 miles", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00251-00124084-00124733": "in Knoxville and people who have you have three options you have live in or", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00252-00124733-00125238": "recently been to are currently in yeah so we do people who are currently in", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00253-00125238-00125833": "that area and that's it I mean that there really nothing are complicated", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00254-00125833-00126526": "than that with you know because good good it's I we've tried to narrow it", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00255-00126526-00126934": "down and refining the range and it's absolutely killed our conversion yeah", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00256-00126934-00127445": "yeah that's what I was gonna say I I am there's a couple things that I'm seeing", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00257-00127445-00127867": "with with the target demographics and I think there's a time for it I think", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00258-00127867-00128297": "especially with with certain seller ones or you're trying to reach like I want to", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00259-00128297-00128830": "reach teachers and I want to promote the you know the home for Heroes program or", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00260-00128830-00129210": "the teachers program I'm gonna target fire fighters or I'm gonna target", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00261-00129210-00129608": "teachers or things like that here in Nevada but when you're talking about", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00262-00129608-00129974": "people that potentially might buy a house the second you check off that", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00263-00129974-00130472": "little box is likely to move the cost-per-click those through the roof", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00264-00130472-00130825": "and it completely changes the demographic based on their lifestyle", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00265-00130825-00131200": "situations which may or may not be about then you add age you had income guys", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00266-00131200-00131665": "male you got female every time you add an audience you're at you're changing", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00267-00131665-00132161": "your cost-per-click for those demographics so now you get", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00268-00132161-00132560": "less clicks you you're not reaching as many people and it doesn't necessarily", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00269-00132560-00133036": "add up to a higher conversion rate either unless it's a really specialty", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00270-00133036-00133385": "thing if it's a specialty thing in your really need to you know if somebody's", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00271-00133385-00133871": "gonna mark market cat products there they really should choose people that", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00272-00133871-00134440": "have a cat that makes complete sense yeah but it's gonna buy a house I think", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00273-00134440-00135016": "somebody in the area is your is your absolute best candidate I mean I do", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00274-00135016-00135487": "think to myself sometimes like okay if this is a million dollar home or even a", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00275-00135487-00135877": "five hundred thousand dollar home in Vegas which is you know in the mid range", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00276-00135877-00136402": "for us I to select all the income because I only wanted people that could", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00277-00136402-00136777": "qualify for that price range but then I realized I'm actually shooting myself in", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00278-00136777-00137140": "the foot because what we really want is kind of like if you sit an open house", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00279-00137140-00137546": "you're probably not going to sell that house your goal is to pick up the buyers", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00280-00137546-00137842": "that come in there and sell them a different you're probably gonna sell", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00281-00137842-00138107": "them a different house because that house isn't going to match something", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00282-00138107-00138523": "that they want well the it's a these Facebook ads if you don't give them the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00283-00138523-00138949": "ability to click through and start shopping for homes even if they're in a", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00284-00138949-00139235": "different price range you've never gotten the opportunity to actually", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00285-00139235-00139540": "capture that person's interest that might actually want to buy a house he", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00286-00139540-00140005": "just might not be in that price range right and you never know if mom's on", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00287-00140005-00140401": "Facebook and sees the house and maybe their kids looking for a house or uncle", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00288-00140401-00140941": "or relative and oh my gosh we a lot of times you see people tag other people on", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00289-00140941-00141335": "your yeah the posts and that's because they know somebody who might be", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00290-00141335-00141782": "interested in that property you really never know yeah see you with those tags", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00291-00141782-00142208": "do you do you communicate with the people they tag at all we we try to", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00292-00142208-00142486": "respond to everybody sometimes those tags are a little weird because you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00293-00142486-00143023": "really don't know um what what their purpose is but generally we'll respond", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00294-00143023-00143305": "back and say hey if you need any more information about this property or ones", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00295-00143305-00143921": "like it let us know and we'll post will reply back to it and you know I would", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00296-00143921-00144545": "say 2 to 3 times out of 10 will get a response did you how small can you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00297-00144545-00144932": "target in the radius for the Instagram story do you know is it is it like", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00298-00144932-00145561": "Facebook has a mile as a model so it's the slowest way Wow interesting I'm", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00299-00145561-00145997": "curious because I've got one I ran yesterday on Facebook I'm testing a new", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00300-00145997-00146420": "thing I'm doing real estate market reports because that's been such a hot", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00301-00146420-00146744": "item for me with ranking on the search engines for that", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00302-00146744-00147248": "term so now I'm taking the individual neighborhoods the smaller neighborhoods", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00303-00147248-00147662": "and I'm doing market reports for just that neighborhood and then I'm running a", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00304-00147662-00148234": "Facebook ad just within one mile around an address within that neighborhood", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00305-00148234-00148616": "trying it now is brand new I'm just now starting this but I'm gonna have like", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00306-00148616-00149006": "probably 20 ads running at the same time for different neighborhoods and I would", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00307-00149006-00149510": "I would think if Instagram stories is similar that might be an opportunity as", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00308-00149510-00150284": "well yeah I think so there's a lot of the things you got to", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00309-00150284-00150650": "think about are this when you're targeting your neighborhood think of the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00310-00150650-00150917": "age range and then the price range of your neighborhood he's gotta remember", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00311-00150917-00151364": "Instagram is a much younger crowd you know if you look at the demographics you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00312-00151364-00152102": "know our average age of that are looking at our ads is still under 30", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00313-00152102-00152755": "so there's generating a lot of yeah that's why they're buyers", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00314-00152755-00153245": "yeah I mean it doesn't that's fine it's great but you know are you gonna are you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00315-00153245-00153683": "gonna do well luxury homeless things on Instagram probably not God you know you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00316-00153683-00154097": "know or luxury on neighborhoods but like starter neighborhoods in Vegas probably", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00317-00154097-00154514": "do well on Instagram yeah but the market really wouldn't then I would be better", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00318-00154514-00155189": "off probably running ads to say see all homes for sale under 200,000 right those", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00319-00155189-00155654": "would probably be better for that for that or how about this homes around", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00320-00155654-00156125": "Zappos you know like Zappos is this is everybody knows who's Apple is I think", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00321-00156125-00156647": "and everybody you know did there's a you know people bicycle around there and you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00322-00156647-00157034": "got condos and things like that are homes around UNLV these would be younger", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00323-00157034-00157445": "you know that type of demographic and if I'm giving them an option that's nearby", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00324-00157445-00157883": "where they work or we're where they go to school that's probably more likely to", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00325-00157883-00158504": "capture an Instagram per person and it's not to say that there aren't people who", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00326-00158504-00158894": "are older we're on it I mean we do capture pretty well up to 45 and after", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00327-00158894-00159739": "45 it drops off like a it falls off a cliff in terms well I'm not a big", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00328-00159739-00159975": "personally I don't like it either but I underst", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00329-00159975-00160569": "and it's relevant so that's why we and it's it's going to be increasingly", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00330-00160569-00161034": "relevant because our Millennials now are becoming our homebuyers you know so I", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00331-00161034-00161433": "get the importance of it and where it's going I even though I don't personally", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00332-00161433-00161862": "enjoy scrolling Instagram yeah yeah I do too", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00333-00161862-00162078": "you know you talk to a lot of people a lot of people like it better than", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00334-00162078-00162495": "Facebook who were younger yeah I think that you listen to the people that are", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00335-00162495-00162840": "credible in the world they think that it'll eventually overtake snapchat you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00336-00162840-00163326": "know with its with the evolution so not say that's gonna happen but I've heard", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00337-00163326-00163962": "that so it's it's important and again it's now's the time to get in get your", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00338-00163962-00164517": "feet wet and get smart about you know this is totally going down another road", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00339-00164517-00165051": "but I think over time as larger companies realize that spending their", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00340-00165051-00165375": "marketing dollars on social media is better than spending it on TV", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00341-00165375-00165747": "commercials which I think will happen in the near future you're gonna start", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00342-00165747-00166443": "seeing the cost of the stuff going up there but the ad spend for online", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00343-00166443-00166953": "marketing is already surpassed television so they're people right", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00344-00166953-00167409": "definitely figuring this stuff out I think I think search versus social will", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00345-00167409-00167859": "be the very interesting challenge of where people end up spending their money", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00346-00167859-00168243": "as things change I personally feel more and more dollars will go to social", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00347-00168243-00168699": "instead of search because I think I think things are changing quickly and", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00348-00168699-00169122": "people like you that are early adopters that are getting on here and testing it", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00349-00169122-00169479": "you're winning early figuring it out where later it'll be a much more", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00350-00169479-00169950": "competitive landscape well and it'll be like we're pay-per-click is now a ten", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00351-00169950-00170438": "years ago if you did pay-per-click it was next to nothing in terms of cost but", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00352-00170438-00171105": "now it's expensive and we've we've shifted a lot of money away from", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00353-00171105-00171608": "pay-per-click in the last I would say six to eight months into social because", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00354-00171608-00171975": "not only is it cheaper but our conversion rates are starting to improve", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00355-00171975-00172359": "on social to the point where it's not making less and less sense for us to", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00356-00172359-00172878": "spend the money on pay-per-click you believe that you're converting higher on", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00357-00172878-00173346": "social versus well the numbers are telling us that you know", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00358-00173346-00173733": "what we're getting more and more registrations from our ads we're", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00359-00173733-00174282": "converting more business we're getting don't you think it's probably because", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00360-00174282-00174729": "your ad spend your your ad spends lower your reach is larger so it's not", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00361-00174729-00175005": "necessarily the conversion rates higher but you're getting more conversions", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00362-00175005-00175506": "because your money is going farther does that make sense", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00363-00175506-00175911": "yeah but the actual number of people registrations that were getting every", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00364-00175911-00176616": "month on Facebook is growing and growing and growing as with that platform is", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00365-00176616-00177180": "growing for you specifically yeah so if you look at Facebook and Instagram and", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00366-00177180-00177801": "we combined them together you know and you take our pay-per-click and you look", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00367-00177801-00178506": "at that and if you get the total number of registrations over the course of a", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00368-00178506-00179043": "month the one of the socials could is almost is over taking apart our", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00369-00179043-00179562": "pay-per-click whereas a year ago was the opposite yeah well it can be quite", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00370-00179562-00180240": "simple to run it like you said with your $25 and getting 12 leads it isn't super", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00371-00180240-00180669": "challenge I think the difference is whether or not those people are really", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00372-00180669-00181080": "buyers versus somebody on Google who's gonna type something in like homes for", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00373-00181080-00181524": "sale with a pool under 300,000 or under 400,000 that person is actually looking", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00374-00181524-00181965": "to buy where your social registrations that you just having to interrupt their", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00375-00181965-00182511": "feed and they register may not actually be real buyers only time will tell with", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00376-00182511-00183051": "that right because we need more time to test those conversions to closing versus", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00377-00183051-00183666": "conversion to becoming a lead eventually it'll be correct that that cause we have", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00378-00183666-00184116": "three theories of measurement here you've got well and you can dig as deep", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00379-00184116-00184518": "as you want but I look at it as you look at first of all you look at clicks you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00380-00184518-00184803": "know how effective are you getting clicks then you look at registrations", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00381-00184803-00185367": "and then of those registrations looking at we go right to fire reps and listing", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00382-00185367-00185781": "agreements not necessarily closings then I then I can measure the effectiveness", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00383-00185781-00186246": "of the ad itself yeah there's a lot of variables once they go once they're", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00384-00186246-00186597": "listed to when they're closed so obviously gotta measure an ROI that's", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00385-00186597-00186907": "important too but as far as the effectiveness of that ad I", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00386-00186907-00187378": "get all the way drilled down to doing business with and then I realize how", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00387-00187378-00187711": "effective the idea is about man like what quality of leaves are we getting", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00388-00187711-00188067": "and you're still and you're seeing good quality with your social ads obviously", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00389-00188067-00188667": "if 20% of your closings are coming from there yes so it's it's doing really", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00390-00188667-00189117": "really well now variable this is how well your team converts how well your", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00391-00189117-00189511": "agents and your ISAs are converting because you can have the best ads and", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00392-00189511-00189889": "you can be generating thousands of leads a month and if your team can't convert", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00393-00189889-00190423": "then those numbers are going to suck that's right so that's you know again", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00394-00190423-00190807": "you got to be careful because if you're you could have really good ads and you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00395-00190807-00191050": "could be doing really really well and be really discouraged because you're not", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00396-00191050-00191449": "getting any business but it may not be the ads fault it may be your team's", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00397-00191449-00191817": "ability convert needs to be improved yeah and I think everybody who's", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00398-00191817-00192117": "listening needs to really understand because because sometimes this stuff can", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00399-00192117-00192766": "sound so easy that conversion of web leads let's just give you a one to five", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00400-00192766-00193258": "percent general aggregate of all cold leads of all ad spend of all organic", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00401-00193258-00193654": "leaves let's just say you convert one to five and it's hard to find five as an", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00402-00193654-00194161": "aggregate total maybe for one source but total so let's just say you're gonna run", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00403-00194161-00194647": "all of these ads and you're you're gonna convert at a few percent you're gonna", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00404-00194647-00195289": "have to put in time money energy consistency and see and follow up and", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00405-00195289-00195778": "systems all the way through to get those two closings out of those 100 leads", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00406-00195778-00196402": "right and that's where most people actually fail don't you agree yeah and", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00407-00196402-00196891": "and really with these types of leads if you have a good follow-up system whether", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00408-00196891-00197221": "it be automated or through your is a department and whatnot", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00409-00197221-00197920": "and a good touch program that number goes up dramatically yeah still still as", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00410-00197920-00198364": "industry averages it's ridiculously low and I think that's that's what people", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00411-00198364-00198919": "don't realize that there really has to be there just has to be a system in", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00412-00198919-00199216": "place to actually see these all the way through you wind up spending a bunch of", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00413-00199216-00199609": "money you might be able to capture a lot of ads a lot of leads on one particular", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00414-00199609-00200030": "app but if you don't have the systems and processes in place if", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00415-00200030-00200480": "makes it very challenging to get those to the closing table for for the other", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00416-00200480-00200897": "good yeah you get the Scourge to start spending a lot of money and you're not", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00417-00200897-00201515": "seeing the results and it's just you know doing this so absolutely let me ask", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00418-00201515-00201973": "you a question out of all of your lead sources what do you believe is your best", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00419-00201973-00202871": "is your best source and best source of closing business of everything you do is", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00420-00202871-00203300": "it Radio Saiga the left side all depends on if you're talking about buyer's or", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00421-00203300-00203639": "seller's tell me it's different tell me both separately I know I have to let you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00422-00203639-00204200": "go soon but tell me each okay well for sellers you know we're following", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00423-00204200-00204569": "business is always the best this terms of sturms of strength in terms of your", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00424-00204569-00204860": "conversion rate it's always gonna be the highest but if you're going to take that", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00425-00204860-00205184": "out of the equation and strictly from a lead generation standpoint from there", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00426-00205184-00205730": "yeah I would say that I would say radio and TV those are those are give us our", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00427-00205730-00206342": "highest conversion rates in terms of contact to appointment okay and then on", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00428-00206342-00207538": "the buyer side assualt referrals aside our best conversion rate he sign calls", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00429-00207538-00207892": "people who are calling for more information people are who are", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00430-00207892-00208310": "contacting us through a website that getting our number to try to get more", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00431-00208310-00208703": "information on a property the phone calls that come in typically have the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00432-00208703-00209092": "highest conversion rate so hats so still for you it's having that inventory", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00433-00209092-00209513": "having those listings and generating the interest for those specific listings are", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00434-00209513-00209884": "still your which makes perfect sense", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00435-00210025-00210731": "yeah yeah I mean the phone ringing I mean I the phone is gold in our office", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00436-00210731-00211085": "on the buy side that phone generates a lot of business fair for our agents and", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00437-00211085-00211628": "it still rings and people still call and those people who actually pick up the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00438-00211628-00212210": "phone dial the number and want to speak to us are generally at least moderately", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00439-00212210-00212663": "interested in buying a house yeah I always say I've said that forever and", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00440-00212663-00213125": "ever and ever somebody actually takes the time in this day and age to pick up", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00441-00213125-00213594": "the phone and call that is you generally your strongest potential", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00442-00213594-00214094": "appointment waiting to happen yeah yeah I totally agree we call it the", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00443-00214094-00214457": "money line if the phone rings it's you know as long other than a sales other", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00444-00214457-00214952": "than a junk sales spammy call is if it's if it's a buyer or seller that that's", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00445-00214952-00215384": "your best chance right there all right John well you've been fantastic and this", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00446-00215384-00215738": "was this was really good now I know I've got a good a much better understanding", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00447-00215738-00216107": "of it I'm actually gonna go test one test one or two myself and get those", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00448-00216107-00216607": "running so that we can share that more with everybody and you're just always", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00449-00216607-00217160": "III would love you have so much to give us since I've had you on twice already", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00450-00217160-00217592": "so because there's so much I love that you and Holly are doing out there so you", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00451-00217592-00218392": "guys remember Holli McCray team for your referrals to Knoxville Tennessee and and", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00452-00218392-00218969": "and they'll take very good care of your clients all right John all right thanks", "4UkPIWkFIRE-00453-00218969-00219594": "Lori appreciate the time this was part thank you talk to you soon about this"}}, {"audio_id": "4UlovXy_aYU", "text": {"4UlovXy_aYU-00000-00001930-00002488": "Welcome to this NPTEL lectures on Cryogenic Engineering. I am Millin D. Atrey, Professor", "4UlovXy_aYU-00001-00002488-00003009": "in Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Bombay and this is my first lecture on Cryogenic", "4UlovXy_aYU-00002-00003009-00003504": "Engineering. Before I go into the details of what cryogenic engineering is all about,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00003-00003504-00004007": "I just what to let you know what is cryogenics.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00004-00004007-00004553": "Cryogenics is basically coming from the kryo which means very cold; from greek language", "4UlovXy_aYU-00005-00004553-00005201": "this word has come and genics means to produce. So, basically cryogenic means, science and", "4UlovXy_aYU-00006-00005201-00005696": "technology associated with generation of low temperature below 123 kelvin.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00007-00005696-00006333": "Now, why it is 123 kelvin; we can study about that later in the next lecture; however, what", "4UlovXy_aYU-00008-00006333-00006859": "you have to understand is till 123 kelvin, what you call is refrigeration and if I want", "4UlovXy_aYU-00009-00006859-00007511": "to achieve temperature below 123 kelvin, what we call is Cryogenic Engineering or Cryogenics.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00010-00007511-00008211": "The funny part about this is kryo is as cold as ice, that is what was thought about then", "4UlovXy_aYU-00011-00008211-00008697": "in the Greek mythology or Greek scientist then, but ice is the very hot temperature", "4UlovXy_aYU-00012-00008697-00009229": "for cryogenic and therefore, understand although it meant as cold as ice, it means much lower", "4UlovXy_aYU-00013-00009229-00009442": "temperature than ice temperatures.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00014-00009442-00009959": "This course aims at students who are interested to study the science and technology of low", "4UlovXy_aYU-00015-00009959-00010463": "temperature. Basically, cryogenic is generation of low temperature. What is the size behind", "4UlovXy_aYU-00016-00010463-00010852": "generation of this low temperature? What is the technology to achieve this low temperature?", "4UlovXy_aYU-00017-00010852-00011135": "This is all we are going to study in Cryogenic Engineering.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00018-00011135-00011535": "The purpose of this course is to give introductory knowledge of Cryogenic Engineering. This is", "4UlovXy_aYU-00019-00011535-00012054": "the course which normally, we will aim at the p g level students or the final year undergraduate", "4UlovXy_aYU-00020-00012054-00012610": "students having a good background of various subjects and this course is meant for them.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00021-00012610-00013033": "The course is worth theoretical as well as mathematical, I am sure it will engross the", "4UlovXy_aYU-00022-00013033-00013506": "students. This course will interest students who want to take career in Cryogenic Engineering.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00023-00013506-00014024": "We know that Cryogenic Engineering is very widely used in space and atomic energy and", "4UlovXy_aYU-00024-00014024-00014456": "thing like that I am sure lot of students will get motivated from this course, in order", "4UlovXy_aYU-00025-00014456-00014761": "to take their research carrier in Cryogenic Engineering.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00026-00014761-00015386": "The prerequisite of this course are: Engineering Mathematics, Heat Transfer, Thermodynamics", "4UlovXy_aYU-00027-00015386-00015890": "and Refrigeration. Those who have done this course, which possibly can have on at the", "4UlovXy_aYU-00028-00015890-00016445": "final year undergraduate learning or in the post graduates or M.E or M. Tech, I am sure", "4UlovXy_aYU-00029-00016445-00016756": "those students will definitely appreciate this course.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00030-00016756-00017286": "The points to remember while do in this course are each lecture presentation ends with the", "4UlovXy_aYU-00031-00017286-00017798": "self assessment test based on the particular lecture. So, after each lecture or after a", "4UlovXy_aYU-00032-00017798-00018306": "few lecture, we will have self assessment test where the student can assess himself", "4UlovXy_aYU-00033-00018306-00018795": "or herself in the best knowledge is gained when the student solve in the self assessment", "4UlovXy_aYU-00034-00018795-00019265": "test very honestly and with the proper understanding. So, we believe in that, whatever assessment", "4UlovXy_aYU-00035-00019265-00019778": "self assessment to be done at the end of each lecture or after few lectures, we feel that", "4UlovXy_aYU-00036-00019778-00020315": "the student should take this test very seriously. At the end of the lecture when he or she does", "4UlovXy_aYU-00037-00020315-00020831": "this assessment, when they fallow that the particular thing followed or not will be visible", "4UlovXy_aYU-00038-00020831-00021332": "to themselves when they do self assessment. So, we expect that the student will do this", "4UlovXy_aYU-00039-00021332-00021817": "very honestly. A greater insight into the subject can be obtained by referring to the", "4UlovXy_aYU-00040-00021817-00022343": "books specified. We are specifying some books for extra-reading for a more general-reading", "4UlovXy_aYU-00041-00022343-00022820": "for more special-reading also and we believe that this students will have hands on this", "4UlovXy_aYU-00042-00022820-00023203": "books. They will go through this books and get some extra knowledge.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00043-00023203-00023640": "Assignments are included wherever necessary, in order to have clear understanding of concepts.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00044-00023640-00024181": "We believe that whatever knowledge one gains out of this course, we have to do some assignment,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00045-00024181-00024579": "where in lot of fundamentals get cleared. A lot of mathematical problems will be there,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00046-00024579-00025160": "some theory could be there; it will be clear only when you do this assignment very honestly.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00047-00025160-00025666": "Before each assignment, an example tutorial problem will be solved with a detailed explanation.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00048-00025666-00026110": "So, depending on the kind of assignment you want to solve, we will take a tutorial here.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00049-00026110-00026592": "We will solve the problem step by step, we will see to it that one follows all the steps", "4UlovXy_aYU-00050-00026592-00027114": "involved in those tutorials, in this example or assignment problems and after that, we", "4UlovXy_aYU-00051-00027114-00027769": "expect that the student will go through all the assignment honestly and come to an answer.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00052-00027769-00028194": "Answers also will be given at the end of this lectures. The best knowledge is gained when", "4UlovXy_aYU-00053-00028194-00028572": "the student solves the assignment problems honestly and with proper understanding of", "4UlovXy_aYU-00054-00028572-00028866": "concepts. I am sure you have clear with this.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00055-00028866-00029297": "Now, there are various books available on Cryogenic Engineering. I am giving you some", "4UlovXy_aYU-00056-00029297-00029838": "references here so that, while doing this course, you may follow some extra reading", "4UlovXy_aYU-00057-00029838-00030431": "with this books. The important book is by Randall Barron on Cryogenics Systems available", "4UlovXy_aYU-00058-00030431-00030891": "from Oxford University Press and the edition, the last edition available is of 1985. This", "4UlovXy_aYU-00059-00030891-00031389": "gives you in summary on most of the topics I am going cover in this course in short however,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00060-00031389-00031774": "but then it will touch up on all the points. For some specialized reading, you have to", "4UlovXy_aYU-00061-00031774-00032427": "go to specialize books or journals. Then, book by Timmerhaus and Flynn on Cryogenic", "4UlovXy_aYU-00062-00032427-00032944": "Process Engineering by Plenum Press also is available. It is also a good reading for Cryogenic", "4UlovXy_aYU-00063-00032944-00033316": "Engineering. Cryogenic also go with vacuum and therefore,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00064-00033316-00033838": "I have given here, a book by Pipkov on Fundamentals of Vacuum Engineering, where some Fundamentals", "4UlovXy_aYU-00065-00033838-00034306": "of Vacuum which are necessary from Cryogenic Engineering prospective are given in this", "4UlovXy_aYU-00066-00034306-00034378": "book.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00067-00034378-00034790": "The next book is Thomas Flynn. The book is Cryogenic Engineering, the second addition", "4UlovXy_aYU-00068-00034790-00035369": "is available as 2005. It is an interesting reading and lot of problems, assignment could", "4UlovXy_aYU-00069-00035369-00035828": "be taken up from this particular book. Then, we have got Cryocooler, I am going to talk", "4UlovXy_aYU-00070-00035828-00036366": "about Cryocoolers for about six or seven lectures and we have got books on Cryocoolers part", "4UlovXy_aYU-00071-00036366-00036808": "one and part two by a Walker. The very famous books in fact, possible these are the only", "4UlovXy_aYU-00072-00036808-00037403": "two books on Cryocoolers as per and this also will give some basic understanding on different", "4UlovXy_aYU-00073-00037403-00037700": "Cryocoolers including pulse coolers, sterling coolers.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00074-00037700-00038156": "In addition to the books which I just talked about, we have got various proceeding of the", "4UlovXy_aYU-00075-00038156-00038631": "conferences. That also gives a very interesting results relative contemporary research happening", "4UlovXy_aYU-00076-00038631-00039088": "in the world for which we propose of the Proceedings of the advances in Cryogenic Engineering,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00077-00039088-00039634": "the Proceedings of International Cryocooler Conference, Proceedings of I C E C or International", "4UlovXy_aYU-00078-00039634-00040131": "Cryogenic Engineering Conference or I C M C which is International Cryogenics Materials", "4UlovXy_aYU-00079-00040131-00040215": "Conference.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00080-00040215-00040747": "In addition to these conference proceedings, what we have is Cryogenics Journal and what", "4UlovXy_aYU-00081-00040747-00041328": "we have in addition to this is Indian Journal of Cryogenics. Cryogenic journal is published", "4UlovXy_aYU-00082-00041328-00041808": "almost every month. It is a very prestigious journal. To get paper in this journal is also", "4UlovXy_aYU-00083-00041808-00042303": "supposed very prestigious. In addition to that, we have conferences alternate here,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00084-00042303-00042856": "in India which are called national symposium on cryogenics and many times, the papers which", "4UlovXy_aYU-00085-00042856-00043358": "we present at this conference in the national symposium are also becoming part of Indian", "4UlovXy_aYU-00086-00043358-00043719": "journal of cryogenics and that also can give you a prospective of what kind of research", "4UlovXy_aYU-00087-00043719-00044161": "is being carried out in India or elsewhere. So, all these books in addition to in the", "4UlovXy_aYU-00088-00044161-00044628": "proceedings which I gave and the journals will form very interesting and important reading", "4UlovXy_aYU-00089-00044628-00045315": "as far as Cryogenic Engineering is considered. With this background I would now talk about", "4UlovXy_aYU-00090-00045315-00045716": "what I am going to teach in this course. So, what is the syllabus for this course?", "4UlovXy_aYU-00091-00045716-00046194": "The course syllabus is as follows, now this course I am going to give under different", "4UlovXy_aYU-00092-00046194-00046841": "topics and there will be around twelve topics and under each topic I will give you one or", "4UlovXy_aYU-00093-00046841-00047418": "two or five or seven kind of lectures depending on scope of that particular topic, for example,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00094-00047418-00047975": "the first topic for today’s lecture is on Introduction to Cryogenics and its Application.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00095-00047975-00048456": "Today’s lecture, I am going to cover the topic number one which is Introduction to", "4UlovXy_aYU-00096-00048456-00048858": "Cryogenic and its Application. The next topic is properties of Cryogenic", "4UlovXy_aYU-00097-00048858-00049418": "Fluids. Now there are different Cryogenic Fluids or they are called as cryogens also,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00098-00049418-00050118": "for example, we have got liquid nitrogen, liquid helium, liquid hydrogen, liquid neon,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00099-00050131-00050697": "liquid oxygen, etcetera all these are normally called as cryogens and they have got very", "4UlovXy_aYU-00100-00050697-00051209": "specific properties associated with them for example, liquid nitrogen has got its own properties", "4UlovXy_aYU-00101-00051209-00051657": "like what is its boiling point, what is its density, what is a latent heat of it, all", "4UlovXy_aYU-00102-00051657-00052213": "this form a very important characteristic of liquid nitrogen for example, liquid oxygen", "4UlovXy_aYU-00103-00052213-00052763": "has a boiling point of 90 Kelvin it has got its own density, liquid helium has a boiling", "4UlovXy_aYU-00104-00052763-00053162": "point of 4.2 Kelvin. So, there are various important properties", "4UlovXy_aYU-00105-00053162-00053741": "associated with these cryogens or cryogenic fluid. Now depending on the end use of this", "4UlovXy_aYU-00106-00053741-00054276": "cryogenic fluid or the requirement of the cryogenic fluid you will select a cryogen,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00107-00054276-00054754": "if I want to wait a temperature of 77 Kelvin I will choose liquid nitrogen, if I want to", "4UlovXy_aYU-00108-00054754-00055430": "use oxygen then I will use liquid oxygen, if I want to go below very low temperature", "4UlovXy_aYU-00109-00055430-00055877": "in that case I will go for liquid helium which gives me 4.2 Kelvin.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00110-00055877-00056577": "So, these properties are very important data in order to decide what is the cooling effect", "4UlovXy_aYU-00111-00056639-00057076": "I am going to get from this particular cryogen depending on to the density, depending on", "4UlovXy_aYU-00112-00057076-00057576": "its latent part latent heat I have to select a particular cryogenic and therefore, it is", "4UlovXy_aYU-00113-00057576-00058133": "very important to study the properties of this cryogens or this cryogenic fields. So,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00114-00058133-00058582": "this will cover in the next topic and under this topic possibly we will have a two or", "4UlovXy_aYU-00115-00058582-00059175": "three lectures covering different important cryogens. One of the most important parts", "4UlovXy_aYU-00116-00059175-00059617": "for Cryogenic Engineering is the properties of material at cryogenic temperature. The", "4UlovXy_aYU-00117-00059617-00060079": "materials are very important and you cannot use all the materials in cryogenic; one can", "4UlovXy_aYU-00118-00060079-00060623": "use only specific material at very low temperature it will be understood, I will show a demo", "4UlovXy_aYU-00119-00060623-00060977": "some time from now how the material property change at low temperature.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00120-00060977-00061464": "So, there are different materials for example, stainless steel, copper carbon, steel aluminum,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00121-00061464-00061945": "the properties of these material change drastically at low temperature. This is a very important", "4UlovXy_aYU-00122-00061945-00062363": "property for example, specific heat capacity, what happened to its shrinkage, the material", "4UlovXy_aYU-00123-00062363-00062870": "shrinks at very low temperature, what happen to this property, what happen to its conductivity,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00124-00062870-00063338": "what happen to its ductility these are very important properties and this will study in", "4UlovXy_aYU-00125-00063338-00063719": "detail in the topic called properties of materials at cryogenic temperature.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00126-00063719-00064267": "Now, here I would like to conduct a small experiment to show you cryogen, that is liquid", "4UlovXy_aYU-00127-00064267-00064739": "nitrogen and I will show you some material that are available which we write now and", "4UlovXy_aYU-00128-00064739-00065273": "you can have look at this experiment. I am sure you will get lot of knowledge after seeing", "4UlovXy_aYU-00129-00065273-00065831": "this experiment. So, let us see the liquid nitrogen because you must not have seen liquid", "4UlovXy_aYU-00130-00065831-00066513": "nitrogen. So, what you see here in this video is a liquid nitrogen container which is around", "4UlovXy_aYU-00131-00066513-00067201": "1 to 1.5 liter. So, here you can see that is the specially made container which has", "4UlovXy_aYU-00132-00067201-00067676": "got special insulation capacity and what you can see also on this person is basically some", "4UlovXy_aYU-00133-00067676-00068232": "safety devices because you cannot touch liquid nitrogen directly, also you should be able", "4UlovXy_aYU-00134-00068232-00068649": "to see, you should not see the fumes which come as soon as liquid nitrogen exposed to", "4UlovXy_aYU-00135-00068649-00069142": "atmosphere. So, one has to be very careful about the safety that has to be taken into", "4UlovXy_aYU-00136-00069142-00069598": "consideration while having cryogenic experimentation. In fact, you will refer to my last lecture", "4UlovXy_aYU-00137-00069598-00070220": "in this lectures which basically addresses the point related to safety in cryogenics.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00138-00070220-00070689": "Now, what will do this has around 1 liter of liquid nitrogen I will put this liquid", "4UlovXy_aYU-00139-00070689-00071369": "nitrogen into this container which is a thermo coal container and let us then put some devices", "4UlovXy_aYU-00140-00071369-00072001": "like some materials like rubber or potato and see what happens to the property the simple", "4UlovXy_aYU-00141-00072001-00072457": "properties of this materials as soon as they are put or they are subjected to cryogenic", "4UlovXy_aYU-00142-00072457-00073157": "condition. So, let us see while we transfer liquid nitrogen, have a look how the liquid", "4UlovXy_aYU-00143-00073202-00073612": "nitrogen looks and how it boils of immediately when it is put to the atmosphere. So, you", "4UlovXy_aYU-00144-00073612-00074201": "can see the boil of fumes and you can see the liquid nitrogen’s like water actually.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00145-00074201-00074761": "No except that this is starts a boiling immediately and evaporation at the fumes are; obviously,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00146-00074761-00075461": "there they will always be there; please note the safety devices again. So, here are two", "4UlovXy_aYU-00147-00075832-00076532": "materials, one is simple flexible rubber you can see, alright quite elastic in nature and", "4UlovXy_aYU-00148-00076693-00077393": "we will put this rubber in the liquid nitrogen, also we have got a potato, you know potato", "4UlovXy_aYU-00149-00077476-00078144": "also got a lot of water and as soon as we put this potato and rubber the property will", "4UlovXy_aYU-00150-00078144-00078832": "change. So, let us put this two materials for let’s say one or two minutes and you", "4UlovXy_aYU-00151-00078832-00079532": "can see that evaporation as increased, you can see how vigorous the boiling is, you can", "4UlovXy_aYU-00152-00079622-00080322": "see the evaporation happening, you can see the fumes coming out of this and you can see", "4UlovXy_aYU-00153-00080382-00080813": "now how boiling is happening now it has become still now, but you can still see the bubbles", "4UlovXy_aYU-00154-00080813-00081363": "over there, it’s getting settled down, basically you can see some cracks having appeared over", "4UlovXy_aYU-00155-00081363-00081783": "here right now only. Now, let us take out this rubber and let us", "4UlovXy_aYU-00156-00081783-00082344": "see what happens to its properties and you can see that it is not standing it is standing", "4UlovXy_aYU-00157-00082344-00082914": "like very strong object and you can see now it is actually become very hard, it is no", "4UlovXy_aYU-00158-00082914-00083517": "more flexible, it can be broken into pieces. In fact, it can be crushed now it has become", "4UlovXy_aYU-00159-00083517-00084126": "as hard as knife also let us see potato and potato one can do the powdering of potato", "4UlovXy_aYU-00160-00084126-00084826": "it has become as hard as stone, one can actually make a powder out this potato. So, you can", "4UlovXy_aYU-00161-00084908-00085332": "see what has happened to these materials as soon as they were subjected to cooling, they", "4UlovXy_aYU-00162-00085332-00085837": "were subjected to cryogenic conditions and you can see these parts. In fact, now this", "4UlovXy_aYU-00163-00085837-00086337": "rubber also can be powdered, the potato also can be powdered if they are crushed by some", "4UlovXy_aYU-00164-00086337-00087016": "hard device hard rock and this is what happens this is what shows what happens to these materials", "4UlovXy_aYU-00165-00087016-00087642": "when they subjected to very low temperature. This shows; obviously, that as soon as engineering", "4UlovXy_aYU-00166-00087642-00088039": "materials also when they are subjected to low temperature the properties change.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00167-00088039-00088723": "Now, the forth topic is gas liquefaction and refrigeration system. Liquid nitrogen, liquid", "4UlovXy_aYU-00168-00088723-00089367": "oxygen or liquid helium, they become liquid only when you cool the gas for example, when", "4UlovXy_aYU-00169-00089367-00089969": "you cool nitrogen gas slowly from room temperature to its boiling point then what you get is", "4UlovXy_aYU-00170-00089969-00090511": "liquid nitrogen, but what is important to understand is how to reduce this gas temperature", "4UlovXy_aYU-00171-00090511-00090992": "from 300 Kelvin to its boiling point. This is very important thing for which you have", "4UlovXy_aYU-00172-00090992-00091535": "to apply various techniques like compression and expression of gas the way we do in domestic", "4UlovXy_aYU-00173-00091535-00092032": "refrigerator in order to reach the lower and lower temperatures nearer to the boiling point", "4UlovXy_aYU-00174-00092032-00092602": "of these gases. For example, 77 Kelvin for nitrogen, 412 Kelvin for helium and thing", "4UlovXy_aYU-00175-00092602-00093166": "like that. I have to devise the system whereby I reduce the temperature of gas from room", "4UlovXy_aYU-00176-00093166-00093757": "temperature to the boiling point of this gases and this is the most important thing not only", "4UlovXy_aYU-00177-00093757-00094242": "that it is important that how do I do that thing, but what is most important is how efficient", "4UlovXy_aYU-00178-00094242-00094733": "I am doing because in order to achieve a particular temperature I can go by a process A or process", "4UlovXy_aYU-00179-00094733-00095306": "B or process C what is important for me to understand is which process is more efficient;", "4UlovXy_aYU-00180-00095306-00095944": "that means, my work input should be as minimum as possible in order to reach the boiling", "4UlovXy_aYU-00181-00095944-00096406": "point of this particular gases I need not compress the gas to a very high pressure because", "4UlovXy_aYU-00182-00096406-00096701": "the compress are work input are very high in those cases.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00183-00096701-00097281": "This is what we will cover different gas liquefaction cycle and for a particular then will have", "4UlovXy_aYU-00184-00097281-00097930": "to select that this particular cycle is the best. Similarly like liquefaction what we", "4UlovXy_aYU-00185-00097930-00098613": "have is a refrigeration system also this gases are ultimately utilized for giving cooling", "4UlovXy_aYU-00186-00098613-00099275": "effect or the cold or the refrigeration effect for example, when I take the latent heat from", "4UlovXy_aYU-00187-00099275-00099775": "these gases at their boiling points what I get is cooling effect at constant temperature", "4UlovXy_aYU-00188-00099775-00100419": "if I want to have a object which I want to cool it down to 77 Kelvin, 80 50 Kelvin, 40", "4UlovXy_aYU-00189-00100419-00101119": "Kelvin, 4.2 Kelvin or 2 Kelvin accordingly, I will have to design the refrigeration system", "4UlovXy_aYU-00190-00101185-00101712": "for example, to have a magnate what I need to have a refrigeration system or cooling", "4UlovXy_aYU-00191-00101712-00102101": "system. So, this topic number four is a very important", "4UlovXy_aYU-00192-00102101-00102710": "topic and very broad topic. I may take around six to seven lecture in order to cover the", "4UlovXy_aYU-00193-00102710-00103410": "gas liquefaction and refrigeration systems at lower temperatures. Having done this for", "4UlovXy_aYU-00194-00103470-00104038": "industrial gases utilization, what is most important is gas separation. As you know,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00195-00104038-00104635": "air is a mixture of various gases. If I want to get my hands on oxygen gas or nitrogen", "4UlovXy_aYU-00196-00104635-00105218": "gas or neon, argon, helium, etcetera, ultimately I will get it from air which is a mixture", "4UlovXy_aYU-00197-00105218-00105918": "of various gases. I have to ultimately liquefy air which happens at 78 Kelvin around and", "4UlovXy_aYU-00198-00105973-00106245": "from there I will have to separate all these gases.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00199-00106245-00106804": "Now, because of the mixture, this whole air as a mixture has got completed different properties", "4UlovXy_aYU-00200-00106804-00107333": "because different gases will liquefy at different temperatures or they will condense at various", "4UlovXy_aYU-00201-00107333-00107928": "temperature and what important is to understand the phase diagram of this mixture. So, the", "4UlovXy_aYU-00202-00107928-00108481": "gas separation will depend on the boiling points of different gases in a mixture. For", "4UlovXy_aYU-00203-00108481-00109024": "example, I have got a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen or nitrogen and helium. I got two", "4UlovXy_aYU-00204-00109024-00109476": "different boiling points, one if for nitrogen and one is for oxygen or I have got a boiling", "4UlovXy_aYU-00205-00109476-00110083": "point for nitrogen and helium which is 77 kelvin and 4.2 kelvin or 90 kelvin for oxygen", "4UlovXy_aYU-00206-00110083-00110692": "and 77 kelvin for nitrogen. In order to separate out these mixtures effectively, in order to", "4UlovXy_aYU-00207-00110692-00111258": "get pure gases this; I have to device a gas separation system. Basically I have to understand", "4UlovXy_aYU-00208-00111258-00111808": "how do I separate this gases? What should my work be? In this cases, this is normally", "4UlovXy_aYU-00209-00111808-00112219": "done by fractional distillation, but then you have to device or design a distillation", "4UlovXy_aYU-00210-00112219-00112480": "column and this is the most important part of this.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00211-00112480-00112969": "So, gas separation, along with gas liquefaction or four and five topics are very important", "4UlovXy_aYU-00212-00112969-00113457": "to study in Cryogenic Engineering. The next topic is Cryocoolers and this also forms a", "4UlovXy_aYU-00213-00113457-00113920": "very important topic of research as I said earlier, there is a international cryocooler", "4UlovXy_aYU-00214-00113920-00114394": "conference which happens only to bring out the research work that is being done all over", "4UlovXy_aYU-00215-00114394-00114876": "the world at one place. For example, at IIT Bombay also, we have been doing lot of work", "4UlovXy_aYU-00216-00114876-00115535": "on Cryocoolers and I will show now a simple cryocooler. Cryocooler is just a refrigerator", "4UlovXy_aYU-00217-00115535-00116088": "which produces very low temperature in a close cycle manner. For example, I have got different", "4UlovXy_aYU-00218-00116088-00116636": "type of cryocooler, what is called as sterling cooler, what is called as gifford mcmahon", "4UlovXy_aYU-00219-00116636-00117030": "cryocooler, what is called as pulse chose cryocooler. This is a cryocooler which is", "4UlovXy_aYU-00220-00117030-00117440": "a sterling type cryocooler developed at IIT Bombay.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00221-00117440-00118073": "What you can see here is, this is a cryocooler and this part houses a compressor. In fact,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00222-00118073-00118617": "it is called a linear compressor. It is a dry compressor, there is lubrication in this.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00223-00118617-00119117": "So, this is compressor and this is an expander. The way you see in domestic refrigerator,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00224-00119117-00119614": "you have got a compressor at the bottom of the refrigerator and you have got expander", "4UlovXy_aYU-00225-00119614-00120188": "which is actually a capillary tube. Then you have different heat exchanges also. Similarly", "4UlovXy_aYU-00226-00120188-00120816": "in this cryocooler, which is nothing but a refrigerator which produces very low temperature.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00227-00120816-00121344": "This has also got a compressor, their houses heat exchanger inside these and there is an", "4UlovXy_aYU-00228-00121344-00122028": "expander at the top of this thing. Now, I will show you what it is here. What", "4UlovXy_aYU-00229-00122028-00122559": "you can see at the top is the cold finger. This is called as cold figure and if I want", "4UlovXy_aYU-00230-00122559-00123211": "to cool certain object, I have to conductively couple that particular object to get connected", "4UlovXy_aYU-00231-00123211-00123679": "with this cold finger. This cold finger is going to generate around 80 Kelvin temperature.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00232-00123679-00124306": "For example, this cooler has been design to produce around 0.5 watts at 80 kelvin to cool", "4UlovXy_aYU-00233-00124306-00124672": "some other object. So, in a close cycle manner, there is a gas", "4UlovXy_aYU-00234-00124672-00125240": "which is helium in this case is continuously compress and expanded in a close cycle manner", "4UlovXy_aYU-00235-00125240-00125636": "in order to produce 80 kelvin temperature at this point. So, this is nothing but a close", "4UlovXy_aYU-00236-00125636-00126234": "cycle cooler which works on sterling cycle. That is why it is called sterling cooler.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00237-00126234-00126858": "So, its called a sterling cycle cooler placing around 0.5 watts at 80 kelvin. In a very efficient", "4UlovXy_aYU-00238-00126858-00127349": "design, if I want to carry a very efficient design of this cryocooler, my power input", "4UlovXy_aYU-00239-00127349-00127806": "through this compress should be as minimum as possible so that the coefficient of performers", "4UlovXy_aYU-00240-00127806-00128302": "or the c o p is very high. So, whole design analysis has to be carried", "4UlovXy_aYU-00241-00128302-00128791": "you in order to understand or predict the performance of this cryocooler and then one", "4UlovXy_aYU-00242-00128791-00129298": "have to device the diameter of this cryocooler fabricated accordingly and see the experimental", "4UlovXy_aYU-00243-00129298-00129833": "result for this cryocoolers. In this way, we do sterling cycle cryocoolers, g m cryocoolers", "4UlovXy_aYU-00244-00129833-00130230": "or gifford mcmahon cryocoolers or pulse tube cryocoolers and thing like that; the various", "4UlovXy_aYU-00245-00130230-00130863": "steps of cryocoolers which one can design. The next topic is cryogenic insulations. As", "4UlovXy_aYU-00246-00130863-00131436": "you know, when I am going to talk about cryogenics, I am going to talk about very low temperature", "4UlovXy_aYU-00247-00131436-00131908": "and outside temperature of the ambient is 300 kelvin which is very high temperature.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00248-00131908-00132484": "So, the heat is going to rush from outside to inside which is what we do not want. Otherwise,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00249-00132484-00133040": "I want to cool a particular object, but because of the leakage of heat ambient heat from outside,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00250-00133040-00133455": "my cooling effect will be nullified. In fact, some of the cooling effect will be getting", "4UlovXy_aYU-00251-00133455-00133990": "wasted as loses. So, in order to minimize that, what is more important or what is most", "4UlovXy_aYU-00252-00133990-00134470": "important is the insulation. Now, insulation is a critical part of cryogenics", "4UlovXy_aYU-00253-00134470-00134884": "and depending on the low temperature I am talking about for example, if I am talking", "4UlovXy_aYU-00254-00134884-00135300": "about 80 kelvin or if I am talking about very low temperature of 4.2 kelvin, I have got", "4UlovXy_aYU-00255-00135300-00136000": "different type of insulation and these insulation are in different forms like perlite powder,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00256-00136077-00136612": "it could be vacuum insulation; a vacuum is a very important part in cryogenics and my", "4UlovXy_aYU-00257-00136612-00137072": "next topic is going to is a vacuum. So, vacuum basically nullifies all the conduction", "4UlovXy_aYU-00258-00137072-00137636": "and convection or removes all the air around a cooler part. If I do not do that thing,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00259-00137636-00137976": "the moisture in that air will get flows and down. Therefore, I have to remove all the", "4UlovXy_aYU-00260-00137976-00138675": "air around cold finger and that is why vacuum insulation also is very important part. I", "4UlovXy_aYU-00261-00138675-00139256": "am going to show a very typical insulation here. What you can see is a very typical insulation", "4UlovXy_aYU-00262-00139256-00139956": "and here this is called as multilayer insulation and it has got highly reflecting surface like", "4UlovXy_aYU-00263-00140113-00140813": "aluminum, aluminum foil, aluminize mylar like that. We can have very highly poly surface", "4UlovXy_aYU-00264-00140941-00141477": "and we can have different layers of this. We can have different layers of this and each", "4UlovXy_aYU-00265-00141477-00142138": "layer is separated by a non conduct medium like nylon net. We can have some non metallic", "4UlovXy_aYU-00266-00142138-00142691": "stuff which is nylon net or any other things be separate out and this is what is called", "4UlovXy_aYU-00267-00142691-00143093": "as multilayer insulation. Now, this multilayer insulation is a wrapped", "4UlovXy_aYU-00268-00143093-00143511": "around for example, this is a cold finger, I will wrap this multilayer insulation in", "4UlovXy_aYU-00269-00143511-00144053": "a very typical manner and what is most important is how many layers are there. So, one has", "4UlovXy_aYU-00270-00144053-00144542": "to have ten layers or twenty layers or thirty layers; that also one has to optimize depending", "4UlovXy_aYU-00271-00144542-00145019": "on the temperature and heat in link and also the vacuum around. So, multilayer insulation", "4UlovXy_aYU-00272-00145019-00145525": "works only when there is a vacuum around it making effectively the thermal conductivity", "4UlovXy_aYU-00273-00145525-00146225": "across this direction from outside to inside as minimum as possible. It could be 0.0001", "4UlovXy_aYU-00274-00146253-00146730": "conductivity could be of this order alright. So, the conductivity gets drastically reduced", "4UlovXy_aYU-00275-00146730-00147227": "when multilayer insulation is there. So, if I want to reach very low temperature, I have", "4UlovXy_aYU-00276-00147227-00147855": "to use multilayer insulation in presence of vacuum in those cases alright. So, insulation", "4UlovXy_aYU-00277-00147855-00148363": "is a very important part in Cryogenic Engineering. This has to be taken care of effectively depending", "4UlovXy_aYU-00278-00148363-00148862": "on the end temperature or the low temperatures we are going to talking about 77 Kelvin or", "4UlovXy_aYU-00279-00148862-00149521": "4.2 Kelvin or 25 Kelvin; this will decide what insulation I am going to use. As I just", "4UlovXy_aYU-00280-00149521-00150018": "said, vacuum technology is a very important part and vacuum is a very integral part of", "4UlovXy_aYU-00281-00150018-00150358": "cryogenics. So, what is this vacuum? What are different", "4UlovXy_aYU-00282-00150358-00150958": "types of vacuum? How do you get these vacuums? What are different vacuum pump is also have", "4UlovXy_aYU-00283-00150958-00151491": "to be studied in cryogenics. So, this part also will be covered in cryogenics while learning", "4UlovXy_aYU-00284-00151491-00152191": "this topic. The next important part is instrumentation in cryogenics. You can understand instrumentation", "4UlovXy_aYU-00285-00152197-00152676": "at low temperature and instrumentation at very low temperature has to be different.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00286-00152676-00153268": "For example, if I want to carry out temperature measurement, pressure measurement or I got", "4UlovXy_aYU-00287-00153268-00153789": "different cryogens kept you know cryostat and therefore, I should know how much liquid", "4UlovXy_aYU-00288-00153789-00154265": "nitrogen is left there. So, what I call is a level measurement. I should know that it", "4UlovXy_aYU-00289-00154265-00154724": "was hundred liters today, tomorrow it could be ninety liters, day after it could be seventy-five", "4UlovXy_aYU-00290-00154724-00155021": "liters; depending on the usage and depending on the loses.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00291-00155021-00155721": "So, I have to measure in cryogenics the temperature, pressure level mass flow rates and whatever", "4UlovXy_aYU-00292-00155886-00156342": "technique I device at room temperature are not applicable at low temperature. One has", "4UlovXy_aYU-00293-00156342-00156716": "to follow a different technique because the properties or a calibration is complete a", "4UlovXy_aYU-00294-00156716-00157304": "different at low temperature. For example, just for today’s lecture, if I talk about", "4UlovXy_aYU-00295-00157304-00157976": "measurement of temperature at very low temperature, for example, at 4.2 Kelvin or 10 Kelvin, what", "4UlovXy_aYU-00296-00157976-00158676": "I use is something called as silicon diode. If I want to show you, this is a silicon diode,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00297-00158951-00159509": "this is a very small piece and this has been calibrated to measure temperature up to 1", "4UlovXy_aYU-00298-00159509-00160007": "Kelvin .This is a very costly piece or if you get it calibrated it is a very costly", "4UlovXy_aYU-00299-00160007-00160462": "piece still. This is a diode. At lower and lower temperature, the voltage of the resistance", "4UlovXy_aYU-00300-00160462-00161073": "start increasing and this is calibrated in terms of temperature at lower and lower temperature.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00301-00161073-00161694": "In addition to this, what I have also is a PT 100. This called Platinum 100 and what", "4UlovXy_aYU-00302-00161694-00162274": "you can see form here is PT 100 can measure the temperature up to 30 to 40 Kelvin. Let", "4UlovXy_aYU-00303-00162274-00162753": "us say 50 kelvin is greater. From room temperature to 50 Kelvin, I can measure the temperature", "4UlovXy_aYU-00304-00162753-00163395": "when I say Pt 100, it has got 100 ohms resistance at 0 degree centigrade. So, these are two", "4UlovXy_aYU-00305-00163395-00164095": "things I can show, I can measure the temperature up to 50 Kelvin using PT 100 and I can measure", "4UlovXy_aYU-00306-00164099-00164799": "temperature up to 1 Kelvin using silicon diode. This two are a very important temperature", "4UlovXy_aYU-00307-00164944-00165464": "measurement instruments which are generally used in cryogenics alright.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00308-00165464-00165949": "So, one has to understand how do at measure temperature, what is the philosophy behind", "4UlovXy_aYU-00309-00165949-00166358": "a temperature measurement, in this cases what are corresponding errors, how do I employ", "4UlovXy_aYU-00310-00166358-00166834": "this thing in the actual instrumentation and thing like that are very important aspects", "4UlovXy_aYU-00311-00166834-00167386": "of cryogenic engineering instrumentation. Going head from there, what you have is a", "4UlovXy_aYU-00312-00167386-00167860": "cryostat design. All the experiments which I do at low temperature, you have to have", "4UlovXy_aYU-00313-00167860-00168412": "a cryostat because I want to cool certain objects I will hold liquid nitrogen in a cryostat;", "4UlovXy_aYU-00314-00168412-00168637": "I can use liquid nitrogen or liquid helium.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00315-00168637-00169100": "If I use liquid helium, the liquid helium can get shielded by liquid nitrogen also.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00316-00169100-00169599": "And if I want to use this cryostat to study properties of materials at low temperature", "4UlovXy_aYU-00317-00169599-00170135": "in a magnetic environment or something like that, I have to design a cryostat accordingly", "4UlovXy_aYU-00318-00170135-00170725": "and this is we will cover in a topic of cryostat design.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00319-00170725-00171310": "Going a head from here, there are if I want to reach a temperatures below 1 kelvin, what", "4UlovXy_aYU-00320-00171310-00171722": "I have to use is something called as dilution refrigerator or adiabatic demagnetization", "4UlovXy_aYU-00321-00171722-00172357": "technology. These are very special technologies produced by very few in the world and therefore,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00322-00172357-00172893": "it is a very important task in cryogenic engineering. With cryocoolers, I can possibly go up to", "4UlovXy_aYU-00323-00172893-00173368": "2 kelvin or 3 Kelvin, but if I want to go a below this temperature, I have to go for", "4UlovXy_aYU-00324-00173368-00173968": "dilution refrigerator or demagnetization techniques. This can take me down to much less than 1", "4UlovXy_aYU-00325-00173968-00174437": "kelvin, may be very close to 0 kelvin, of course, we cannot achieve 0 kelvin, but these", "4UlovXy_aYU-00326-00174437-00175033": "two techniques can take you down to milli kelvin region, alright in less than 1 kelvin", "4UlovXy_aYU-00327-00175033-00175293": "region. And finally, what is most important cryogenic", "4UlovXy_aYU-00328-00175293-00175843": "s f t one has to observe certain norms, one has to use certain clones, we have to use", "4UlovXy_aYU-00329-00175843-00176246": "googols and thing like that and why do have to do all this things; because we are working", "4UlovXy_aYU-00330-00176246-00176692": "at very low temperature, if there is small accident if the nitrogen in atmosphere increases", "4UlovXy_aYU-00331-00176692-00177231": "or oxygen level drops down, you can suffer from some sick called as affixation and I", "4UlovXy_aYU-00332-00177231-00177758": "will talk about all this things later in the chapter very important chapter or topic on", "4UlovXy_aYU-00333-00177758-00178336": "safety in cryogenics. These are different topics which I am going to cover in this syllabus.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00334-00178336-00178877": "I will take several lectures under each topic in order to cover these.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00335-00178877-00179419": "Now, after understanding what is covered in this, what I want to bring your attention", "4UlovXy_aYU-00336-00179419-00179997": "to is what different applications of cryogenics are. Now cryogenics has got different application", "4UlovXy_aYU-00337-00179997-00180468": "in space, in mechanical engineering, in medicine, in super conductivity and thing like that.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00338-00180468-00181117": "I am just showing certain examples. I may not go into the details of each of those applications", "4UlovXy_aYU-00339-00181117-00181662": "because each of those applications are chapter by themselves. What I am go is through this", "4UlovXy_aYU-00340-00181662-00182173": "slide, you might read that with me and I will just take you through this slide so that you", "4UlovXy_aYU-00341-00182173-00182721": "get a glimpse of what those applications are of cryogenic engineering in this different", "4UlovXy_aYU-00342-00182721-00182966": "special topics for example, space.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00343-00182966-00183666": "Under space, I have got cryogenics in rocket propulsion, cooling of infrared sensors or", "4UlovXy_aYU-00344-00183699-00184287": "space Simulation. These are very important aspects of cryogenics used in space.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00345-00184287-00184795": "Now, what are they? Cryogenic engines are powered by cryogenic propellants, you know", "4UlovXy_aYU-00346-00184795-00185313": "different propellants are there, but if I use Cryogenic propellants for example, Liquid", "4UlovXy_aYU-00347-00185313-00185895": "hydrogen can be used as fuel to propel the rocket. Most of you have heard about Cryogenic", "4UlovXy_aYU-00348-00185895-00186552": "engine and Cryogenic Engine uses Liquid Hydrogen as a fuel. It also uses Liquid Oxygen as an", "4UlovXy_aYU-00349-00186552-00187171": "oxidizer. So, these two are important components, Liquid hydrogen is liquid at 20 kelvin, liquid", "4UlovXy_aYU-00350-00187171-00187846": "oxygen is liquid at 90 kelvin. These two form the fuel for Cryogenic engine and therefore,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00351-00187846-00188264": "it can work as cryogenic propellant and these are very important.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00352-00188264-00188849": "The next is cooling of infrared detectors or telescopes or cold probes are some of the", "4UlovXy_aYU-00353-00188849-00189445": "major applications of cryogenics. I have to use infrared detector in space because when", "4UlovXy_aYU-00354-00189445-00190064": "I am taking night surveillance, when I taking picture, I have got infrared detectors. Now,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00355-00190064-00190537": "in order to get a good signal to noise ratio; that means, in order to get a good image,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00356-00190537-00191012": "I have to have detector at very low temperature. In fact, lower the temperature of this detector", "4UlovXy_aYU-00357-00191012-00191524": "is better the picture or less is the noise and therefore, infrared detectors have to", "4UlovXy_aYU-00358-00191524-00192057": "be kept cool at 80 kelvin or less than that as I said lower the temperature better it", "4UlovXy_aYU-00359-00192057-00192409": "is. Similarly, I have got lot of electronic circuits", "4UlovXy_aYU-00360-00192409-00192988": "in space. If I cool this circuits down, for example, amplifiers or any electronics which", "4UlovXy_aYU-00361-00192988-00193561": "gets heated over period of time, if I got cold probes, I can keep it very cold and therefore,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00362-00193561-00194114": "the noise level will be minimum in this case. This form a very important applications of", "4UlovXy_aYU-00363-00194114-00194705": "cryogenics in space. In order to do that, what I do is normally develop miniature cryocoolers", "4UlovXy_aYU-00364-00194705-00195182": "which goes in space and the cold finger as I just showed earlier, sterling cooler as", "4UlovXy_aYU-00365-00195182-00195721": "example is very widely used to cool the infrared detector in space and what is important therefore,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00366-00195721-00196244": "is to design a miniature version of sterling coolers; less weight and less volume which", "4UlovXy_aYU-00367-00196244-00196822": "are very important things for space. Space simulation chamber are the realistic", "4UlovXy_aYU-00368-00196822-00197260": "environment for air craft. The cold space is stimulated at cryogenic temperature by", "4UlovXy_aYU-00369-00197260-00197847": "use of ln2 or liquid nitrogen. So, space simulation chamber basically simulate space. What is", "4UlovXy_aYU-00370-00197847-00198547": "space? Space has got very less of around 4 kelvin and very less pressure that is vacuum.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00371-00198712-00199072": "All this thing simulated have to be simulated on the ground if any part you want to take", "4UlovXy_aYU-00372-00199072-00199601": "in space it has to first gets space qualified which will what will happen is space simulation", "4UlovXy_aYU-00373-00199601-00200058": "chamber. Its a small, it is a small test which was done on the ground which stimulates condition", "4UlovXy_aYU-00374-00200058-00200515": "in a space where in, the low temperature are generated by different cryogenics like liquid", "4UlovXy_aYU-00375-00200515-00201013": "nitrogen, liquid oxin, etcetera. At a same time, different levels of vacuum are required", "4UlovXy_aYU-00376-00201013-00201652": "in space and what we do for these we use cryo pumps or turbo molecular pumps.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00377-00201652-00202227": "In this way, we can achieve lower and lower vacuums to simulate condition like what it", "4UlovXy_aYU-00378-00202227-00202838": "is in space. This is a very important applications of cryogenics in space.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00379-00202838-00203300": "If I move away from space, I go to mechanical engineering now where in, the applications", "4UlovXy_aYU-00380-00203300-00203946": "of cryogenic engineering are in Magnetic Separation, Heat Treatment of different materials or Recycling", "4UlovXy_aYU-00381-00203946-00204424": "of certain materials. There are various applications, but I will touch up on only three of these", "4UlovXy_aYU-00382-00204424-00204723": "aspects in this particular lecture.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00383-00204723-00205211": "What is magnetic separation? The magnetic separation technique is used in variety of", "4UlovXy_aYU-00384-00205211-00205657": "applications like enhancing the brightness of kaolin, this is the clay improving the", "4UlovXy_aYU-00385-00205657-00206201": "quality of ultra high purity quartz etcetera. What we use is the superconducting magnet", "4UlovXy_aYU-00386-00206201-00206554": "ensures proper separation. So, what I am do basically when I get this", "4UlovXy_aYU-00387-00206554-00207076": "kaolin clay from different or mines on the eastern part of India for example, it get", "4UlovXy_aYU-00388-00207076-00207592": "associated with lot of metals and in order to separate this materials or metals like", "4UlovXy_aYU-00389-00207592-00208178": "silicates etcetera, what I use, I pass the whole thing through some magnate and this", "4UlovXy_aYU-00390-00208178-00208656": "materials or metals will get attracted toward this magnate, after that the kaolin will be", "4UlovXy_aYU-00391-00208656-00209236": "free of this metals; however, in order to separate out this materials from the kaolin", "4UlovXy_aYU-00392-00209236-00209713": "clay, what I need is a very high magnetic fields and this high magnetic fields can be", "4UlovXy_aYU-00393-00209713-00210178": "achieved only by super conducting magnets and not by electro magnates. If I were to", "4UlovXy_aYU-00394-00210178-00210601": "use electromagnetic, then my current passing through this wires is very high and therefore,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00395-00210601-00210932": "losses will be very high. So, what I have to use for this is basically", "4UlovXy_aYU-00396-00210932-00211394": "superconducting magnet. This is very widely use techniques. Superconducting magnets are", "4UlovXy_aYU-00397-00211394-00211939": "meant for magnetic separation is very big magnates through with the kaolin passes and", "4UlovXy_aYU-00398-00211939-00212529": "it comes out without these metals at the other end. Similarly, cryogenic heat treatment gives", "4UlovXy_aYU-00399-00212529-00213123": "lot of metals. As you go on cooling the object for example, what we do in tempering and analyzing", "4UlovXy_aYU-00400-00213123-00213660": "is you first go to a very high temperature and start cooling the object and which talked", "4UlovXy_aYU-00401-00213660-00214159": "at ambient temperature. If I do not stop at ambient temperature and go below to cryogenic", "4UlovXy_aYU-00402-00214159-00214541": "temperatures, there is something called as retain which will get converted to martin", "4UlovXy_aYU-00403-00214541-00214775": "sight and what we want. The return which will get converted to martin sight and which is", "4UlovXy_aYU-00404-00214775-00215301": "what we want the retain is very brittle sometimes and therefore, I would like to have complete", "4UlovXy_aYU-00405-00215301-00215694": "conversion of this ostinite to martinsite and therefore, cryogenic treatment of very", "4UlovXy_aYU-00406-00215694-00216265": "special metal is carried out and you get a better metal at the end of the heat treatment", "4UlovXy_aYU-00407-00216265-00216890": "what do get at the end is the lives of the tools die castings, their dies forgings jigs", "4UlovXy_aYU-00408-00216890-00217311": "and fixtures etcetera increase when subjected to cryogenic heat treatment. This is very", "4UlovXy_aYU-00409-00217311-00217969": "important. The life of guitar string increased by 4 to 5 times with no need for tuning. So,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00410-00217969-00218421": "here you can see that the life increase is there because of cryogenic heat treatment", "4UlovXy_aYU-00411-00218421-00218659": "carried out to liquid nitrogen temperature.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00412-00218659-00219211": "Cryogenic recycling turns the scrap into raw materials by subjecting it to cryogenic temperatures.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00413-00219211-00219911": "There are certain materials like rubber or plastic which we want to scrap and it is not", "4UlovXy_aYU-00414-00219944-00220315": "very easy to scrap these things. So, what you do you expose this material to very low", "4UlovXy_aYU-00415-00220315-00220801": "temperature we put them it is a liquid nitrogen bath, as soon as you do that thing as we saw", "4UlovXy_aYU-00416-00220801-00221367": "in the experiments this material become very hard, it becomes very rock hard and then one", "4UlovXy_aYU-00417-00221367-00221983": "can use some kind of press in order to crush the whole scrap, can be crushed like a metal", "4UlovXy_aYU-00418-00221983-00222532": "in those cases and it will ultimately get converted to powder, it is very easy to scrape", "4UlovXy_aYU-00419-00222532-00223056": "in the form of powder. So, if I got a huge raw material for example,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00420-00223056-00223662": "PVC, rubbers and plastics etcetera you can give a cryogenic treatment to those things,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00421-00223662-00224064": "you can give a cryogenic recycling treatment to those subjected to low temperature and", "4UlovXy_aYU-00422-00224064-00224587": "crush it to powder, various designs are available, various system are being fallowed all over", "4UlovXy_aYU-00423-00224587-00225184": "the world this forms a very important applications of cryogenics in mechanical engineering. Moving", "4UlovXy_aYU-00424-00225184-00225800": "away from mechanical engineering to medicine this is again is a very important aspect of", "4UlovXy_aYU-00425-00225800-00226167": "cryogenic engineering usage in medicine.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00426-00226167-00226834": "One can use Cryogenics in Cryosurgery, Cell Preservation or Food Preservation. Preservation", "4UlovXy_aYU-00427-00226834-00227338": "industry is a huge as for as cryogenics is concerned from the medical point of view I", "4UlovXy_aYU-00428-00227338-00227537": "will show you what its usages are.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00429-00227537-00228001": "Cryosurgery is a novel technique in which the harmful tissues are destroyed by freezing", "4UlovXy_aYU-00430-00228001-00228663": "them to cryogenic treatment. This surgery is carried out for various aspects, for example,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00431-00228663-00229084": "Dermatology’s use this surgery just to remove unwanted moles or something like that on your", "4UlovXy_aYU-00432-00229084-00229753": "body, some treatment is given on your skin by doing a small surgery at very low temperature.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00433-00229753-00230453": "Why? Cryosurgery has shorter hospital stay, less blood loss and small recovery time, this", "4UlovXy_aYU-00434-00230498-00231009": "very important aspect one can go in the morning and come back in the evening that kind of", "4UlovXy_aYU-00435-00231009-00231407": "cryosurgery also possible which is done at very low temperature.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00436-00231407-00232107": "It is generally used in patients with localized prostate or kidney cancer, skin disorders,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00437-00232163-00232746": "retinal problems etcetera. This list is actually increasing with time; however, the data’s", "4UlovXy_aYU-00438-00232746-00233307": "keep coming, there are certain hard elements also that could be treated using cryogenic", "4UlovXy_aYU-00439-00233307-00233336": "techniques.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00440-00233336-00233727": "When you come to preservation, the preserving food at low temperature is a well known technique", "4UlovXy_aYU-00441-00233727-00234310": "this is what we do in a domestic refrigerator. Cooling of sea food meat, milk products long", "4UlovXy_aYU-00442-00234310-00234831": "time preservation is achieved using liquid nitrogen; liquid nitrogen is very widely used", "4UlovXy_aYU-00443-00234831-00235478": "for transporting sea food or meat or milk from a port A to port B one can keep everything", "4UlovXy_aYU-00444-00235478-00236083": "reserved in a original form, frozen at cryogenic temperature and therefore, is a very important", "4UlovXy_aYU-00445-00236083-00236559": "technique, very massive work is being carried out as far as preservation of food is using", "4UlovXy_aYU-00446-00236559-00237032": "cryogenic technique is considered. Systems are developed to preserve blood cells,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00447-00237032-00237663": "this is again a usage in medicine you can preserved blood cells, plasma cells, human", "4UlovXy_aYU-00448-00237663-00238112": "organ and animal organs at cryogenic temperature. So, the preservation using liquid nitrogen", "4UlovXy_aYU-00449-00238112-00238812": "bath to preserve blood cells, plasma cells, human cells, stain cells also is latest addition", "4UlovXy_aYU-00450-00238838-00239281": "to this list, this all thing is done at cryogenic temperature.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00451-00239281-00239855": "Coming next from here to the gas industry; as you know gas industry is basically the", "4UlovXy_aYU-00452-00239855-00240555": "gases the industrial gases is a very sort after for example, oxygen, nitrogen are used.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00453-00240569-00241075": "Oxygen is used in medical hospital and therefore, the gas industry is a very big industry and", "4UlovXy_aYU-00454-00241075-00241692": "gas industry therefore, use as cryogenic techniques for Liquefaction Separation and Storage the", "4UlovXy_aYU-00455-00241692-00242094": "very important aspect of cryogenics very important usage of cryogenics.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00456-00242094-00242648": "The transportation gases across the world is done in liquid state, one need not do the", "4UlovXy_aYU-00457-00242648-00243057": "transportation of the gases in the gaseous form because if you want to do the transport", "4UlovXy_aYU-00458-00243057-00243604": "of gases in gaseous form the gases are compressed at very high pressure which is sometimes unsafe,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00459-00243604-00244058": "which is not excepted sometimes. So, what you do, you convert those gases to", "4UlovXy_aYU-00460-00244058-00244591": "liquid by lowering the temperature by liquefying those gases using cryogenic techniques and", "4UlovXy_aYU-00461-00244591-00245027": "this is done by storing the liquid at cryogenic temperature, if I get liquid of those particular", "4UlovXy_aYU-00462-00245027-00245652": "gases I can store those liquid at cryogenic temperature and in this way I can do transportation", "4UlovXy_aYU-00463-00245652-00246233": "much easily as compared to those in case of gases. The use of inert gases in welding industry", "4UlovXy_aYU-00464-00246233-00246869": "has initiated higher demand for gas production in the recent past. Nitrogen, oxygen all these", "4UlovXy_aYU-00465-00246869-00247569": "are very widely used in the industry and therefore, this gases require cryogenic technique to", "4UlovXy_aYU-00466-00247605-00248083": "liquefy those gases and transport those gases and store those gases and it is a very high", "4UlovXy_aYU-00467-00248083-00248636": "demand of gases or cryogenic gases like nitrogen, oxygen, neon, argon etcetera. cryogenic likes", "4UlovXy_aYU-00468-00248636-00249284": "lock which is liquid oxygen LH2 liquid hydrogen are used in rocket propulsion as we have just", "4UlovXy_aYU-00469-00249284-00249662": "seen earlier; well liquid hydrogen is also being considered for automobile, you may know", "4UlovXy_aYU-00470-00249662-00250219": "that lot of research being carried out to use hydrogen as a fuel in a automobile. In", "4UlovXy_aYU-00471-00250219-00250919": "fact, a car is already ready which uses liquid hydrogen as a fuel like what we do in using", "4UlovXy_aYU-00472-00250933-00251384": "petrol or diesel. So, here all these gases, all these liquefied", "4UlovXy_aYU-00473-00251384-00251876": "gases play very important role as they are needed to be consumed in these forms.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00474-00251876-00252294": "Liquid nitrogen is used as precoolant in most of the cryogenic systems. Whenever I want", "4UlovXy_aYU-00475-00252294-00252819": "to do cooling, I got liquid nitrogen as a very cost effective way which we will reduce", "4UlovXy_aYU-00476-00252819-00253323": "from room temperature to 77 kelvin. As you know, nitrogen is available in air. So, nitrogen", "4UlovXy_aYU-00477-00253323-00253859": "is freely available one can say, it is a very cost effective solution to reach 77 kelvin", "4UlovXy_aYU-00478-00253859-00254366": "and most of the liquefaction cycles, nitrogen is used as a precoolant in order to reduce", "4UlovXy_aYU-00479-00254366-00255038": "the temperature from room temperature 77 kelvin. The steel industry is a very important consumer", "4UlovXy_aYU-00480-00255038-00255591": "of these gases and you can find lot of liquid oxygen plants on the campus where the steel", "4UlovXy_aYU-00481-00255591-00256161": "industry is housed. So, in steel industry oxygen is used in the production of steel.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00482-00256161-00256684": "Basic oxygen furnace uses oxygen instead of air. So, we will find lot of places, liquid", "4UlovXy_aYU-00483-00256684-00257384": "oxygen becomes a very important requirement for the steel industry. Nitrogen and argon", "4UlovXy_aYU-00484-00257446-00258029": "are primarily used to provide an inert atmosphere in chemical, metallurgical and welding industries.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00485-00258029-00258729": "So, these gases being inert gases, they are stored in the form of liquid nitrogen or liquid", "4UlovXy_aYU-00486-00258732-00259234": "organ, instead of storing in the forms of very highly compressed cylinders. It create", "4UlovXy_aYU-00487-00259234-00259650": "problems for a safety considerations are taken.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00488-00259650-00260261": "The next biggest application is super conductivity. Superconductivity has got various uses in", "4UlovXy_aYU-00489-00260261-00260961": "NMR, MRI, magnetically levitated trains, transformers and generators. This is a very important aspect", "4UlovXy_aYU-00490-00261113-00261613": "of cryogenics. In fact, super conductivity came into existence because of cryogenics", "4UlovXy_aYU-00491-00261613-00262251": "and it has got important usage in various aspects important being The NMR or the nuclear", "4UlovXy_aYU-00492-00262251-00262733": "magnetic resonance and MRI; it is a magnetic resonance imaging which you find in hospitals.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00493-00262733-00263349": "So, one of the major important usages of super conducting magnet is a NMR which is a nuclear", "4UlovXy_aYU-00494-00263349-00263902": "magnetic resonance. It is used by the various pharmaceutical industry to study the molecular", "4UlovXy_aYU-00495-00263902-00264602": "structure. If I want to device a new drug against any particular disease, I have to", "4UlovXy_aYU-00496-00264652-00265185": "do NMR in order to understand the molecular structure in three dimensions. What I do for", "4UlovXy_aYU-00497-00265185-00265829": "that is NMR and NMR has super conducting magnets here. What you can see here is super conducting", "4UlovXy_aYU-00498-00265829-00266375": "magnet and in this super conducting magnet, what I have got is a small sample of a chemical", "4UlovXy_aYU-00499-00266375-00266879": "of which I want to study certain properties. In order that this magnet become super conducting,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00500-00266879-00267415": "this magnet could be kept dip in liquid helium and one can have liquid nitrogen outside.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00501-00267415-00267963": "So, if you have seen any NMR facility, we can always see that NMR facility will continuously", "4UlovXy_aYU-00502-00267963-00268536": "require a liquid nitrogen or liquid helium in order to keep this super conducting magnets", "4UlovXy_aYU-00503-00268536-00269145": "in a super conducting state all the time because slowly the liquid helium level starting down", "4UlovXy_aYU-00504-00269145-00269607": "and slowly liquid helium state also will start going down and therefore, we need cryogenics", "4UlovXy_aYU-00505-00269607-00269756": "to be supplied all the time.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00506-00269756-00270278": "The magnetic field which is generated by this is around 10 to 25 Tesla, higher the magnetic", "4UlovXy_aYU-00507-00270278-00270849": "field better is the structure that is visible to us and therefore, the need of super conducting", "4UlovXy_aYU-00508-00270849-00270967": "magnate in this case.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00509-00270967-00271494": "Similar to that, what you have got is an MRI which is a magnetic resonance imaging and", "4UlovXy_aYU-00510-00271494-00271991": "this is again used for body scanning. As you can see the picture over here, this is a magnet", "4UlovXy_aYU-00511-00271991-00272443": "and then we have got a different coils which take a signal of this person setting over", "4UlovXy_aYU-00512-00272443-00272914": "here. MRI is meant for basically body scanning while NMR is meant for chemicals in order", "4UlovXy_aYU-00513-00272914-00273386": "that this magnet are kept in super conducting state also the time their dip in liquid helium", "4UlovXy_aYU-00514-00273386-00273886": "here and then you can find different shields outside. Sometime this liquid helium will", "4UlovXy_aYU-00515-00273886-00274488": "be surrounded by liquid nitrogen or we can use a cryocooler which can produce shields", "4UlovXy_aYU-00516-00274488-00275069": "of 40 to 50 kelvin or 20 kelvin outside of this liquid helium so that the boil of is", "4UlovXy_aYU-00517-00275069-00275601": "minimum in this case. This is a very important applications of cryocoolers in MRI field.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00518-00275601-00276154": "In fact, MRI field has really initiated the research better and better efficient cryocoolers", "4UlovXy_aYU-00519-00276154-00276669": "and functioning and also minimum vibration in this cases and this is the way MRI will", "4UlovXy_aYU-00520-00276669-00277217": "be done. The super conducting magnets for both NMR and MRI machines are cooled with", "4UlovXy_aYU-00521-00277217-00277670": "liquid helium and now a days with cryocoolers also.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00522-00277670-00278126": "Next application is magnetically levitated trains which run on the principle of magnetic", "4UlovXy_aYU-00523-00278126-00278623": "levitations. The train gets levitated from the guide way by using electromagnetic forces", "4UlovXy_aYU-00524-00278623-00279046": "between superconducting magnets in the vehicle and coils on the ground. This is the very", "4UlovXy_aYU-00525-00279046-00279612": "important applications of super conducting magnet which uses cryogenics to go into super", "4UlovXy_aYU-00526-00279612-00280262": "conducting region. This particular thing results in no contact motion and therefore, no friction.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00527-00280262-00280809": "So, imagine a train running with a speed of 600 kilometer per hour, having no contacts", "4UlovXy_aYU-00528-00280809-00281096": "with the rails and therefore, no friction. Therefore, no wear and tear therefore, no", "4UlovXy_aYU-00529-00281096-00281603": "service in requirements. So, great application of cryogenics.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00530-00281603-00282160": "Similar to this, the next applications are superconducting transformers, motors and generators.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00531-00282160-00282728": "Wherever there are windings involved, wherever there are I square R losses are there, if", "4UlovXy_aYU-00532-00282728-00283232": "we could put those winding in liquid nitrogen or liquid helium, the I square R losses are", "4UlovXy_aYU-00533-00283232-00283773": "going to be absolute minimum or 0. There are different ways in which the super conducting", "4UlovXy_aYU-00534-00283773-00284221": "wires could be achieved. Super conductivity of this wires could be achieved by various", "4UlovXy_aYU-00535-00284221-00284754": "cryogenics arrangements, cryogenic systems that we have to study; however, because of", "4UlovXy_aYU-00536-00284754-00285254": "superconducting transformers, generators and motors, cryogenic is reaching to a commercial", "4UlovXy_aYU-00537-00285254-00285373": "state now.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00538-00285373-00285886": "lastly, I would say the recent experiments which most of you have seen at CERN and now,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00539-00285886-00286419": "at the biggest project on earth is ITER are the important applications of cryogenics in", "4UlovXy_aYU-00540-00286419-00286561": "high energy physics.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00541-00286561-00287216": "CERN is an European organization for nuclear research which was founded in 1954. It consist", "4UlovXy_aYU-00542-00287216-00287815": "of a 27 kilometer accelerator ring with four detectors. Possibly most have you have heard", "4UlovXy_aYU-00543-00287815-00288471": "recently, the results what you got at CERN. It houses superconducting magnetry. All the", "4UlovXy_aYU-00544-00288471-00289067": "magnet systems which is there in this 27 kilometer accelerator, it has got superconducting magnets", "4UlovXy_aYU-00545-00289067-00289482": "and all this magnets are kept at 1.9 kelvin using liquid helium.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00546-00289482-00290126": "So, you can imagine an immensely applications of cryogenics, a biggest applications of cryogenics", "4UlovXy_aYU-00547-00290126-00290758": "at CERN. In fact, lot of research in cryogenics originated from CERN because of these big", "4UlovXy_aYU-00548-00290758-00291425": "applications. A liquid nitrogen layer of 77 kelvin is used as shielding for liquid helium.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00549-00291425-00291854": "It is an experiment, most of you know. It is an experiment seeking answers to big bang", "4UlovXy_aYU-00550-00291854-00292391": "theory and collision of atomic particles. Basically it studies the origin of universe", "4UlovXy_aYU-00551-00292391-00292490": "in this way.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00552-00292490-00292997": "The next big application after CERN has been ITER; International Thermonuclear Experimental", "4UlovXy_aYU-00553-00292997-00293560": "Reactor. This is an engineering project for nuclear fusion reactor. This is a very important", "4UlovXy_aYU-00554-00293560-00294081": "project which is I think the biggest project right now on the earth where the superconducting", "4UlovXy_aYU-00555-00294081-00294541": "magnets are again used and they are maintained at 4 kelvin using liquid helium.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00556-00294541-00295094": "These experiments are carried out to enable mankind to generate energy for future. So,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00557-00295094-00295669": "ITER experiments, if you go on net, you can get lot of information on CERN and ITER experiments", "4UlovXy_aYU-00558-00295669-00296207": "and these experiments, we seek that this will possible solve our problems for energy in", "4UlovXy_aYU-00559-00296207-00296685": "a future. So, I have given you various applications of cryogenics.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00560-00296685-00297156": "And just in summary, I would like to give space application, application of cryogenics", "4UlovXy_aYU-00561-00297156-00297740": "in medicine, application of cryogenic in mechanical engineering, high energy physics then gas", "4UlovXy_aYU-00562-00297740-00298421": "industry and superconductivity. This is in short all the applications of cryogenics in", "4UlovXy_aYU-00563-00298421-00298927": "various fields which are very important. In addition to that, what we have is cryo biology,", "4UlovXy_aYU-00564-00298927-00299568": "biotechnology in cryophysics and things like that whether got fantastic applications of", "4UlovXy_aYU-00565-00299568-00300108": "cryogenic in this field also. I will stop here. Thank you very much and", "4UlovXy_aYU-00566-00300108-00300428": "in the next lectures will cover different aspect of cryogenic engineering.", "4UlovXy_aYU-00567-00300428-00300502": "Thank you."}}]