[{"audio_id": "59hb_6d-j0k", "text": {"59hb_6d-j0k-00000-00000176-00000293": "Sago Mini"}}, {"audio_id": "59rsjKQPcgA", "text": {"59rsjKQPcgA-00000-00000000-00000500": "Morning trip in the streets of Sanaa"}}, {"audio_id": "59NMZuEp2Fy", "text": {"59NMZuEp2Fy-00000-00000012-00000312": "Sadhguru: Any amount of wealth, any amount of industry,", "59NMZuEp2Fy-00001-00000312-00000876": "any amount of stock markets flying all over the world, is not going to make our life.", "59NMZuEp2Fy-00002-00000876-00001398": "Protecting our soil and water is the most fundamental wealth in this country.", "59NMZuEp2Fy-00003-00001398-00002224": "It doesn’t matter whether you do namaaz or pooja or bhajan or dhyan, we have to drink water (Laughs).", "59NMZuEp2Fy-00004-00002225-00002828": "So, all of us who drink water must do something about this because in this land,", "59NMZuEp2Fy-00005-00002828-00003394": "tomorrow if our children have to live well, it’s very important that our rivers should flow.", "59NMZuEp2Fy-00006-00003394-00004654": "Sounds of Isha Music - Nadi Stuti…"}}, {"audio_id": "5q2vbClqowo", "text": {"5q2vbClqowo-00000-00000126-00000220": "Hello, everybody.", "5q2vbClqowo-00001-00000222-00000392": "This is Nick Cates.", "5q2vbClqowo-00002-00000434-00001233": "And welcome to Nick Cates Design, where I share only my biased opinion on web design.", "5q2vbClqowo-00003-00001305-00001982": "Right now, as I've started this podcast, I look out my window and I can see a deer that", "5q2vbClqowo-00004-00001982-00002167": "got a little freaked out by my intro.", "5q2vbClqowo-00005-00002443-00002730": "And he kinda standing up, and he's not sure what to do.", "5q2vbClqowo-00006-00002733-00002865": "He's just looking right at me.", "5q2vbClqowo-00007-00002904-00003010": "I do live in the forest.", "5q2vbClqowo-00008-00003012-00003168": "Guys, I do live in the forest.", "5q2vbClqowo-00009-00003225-00003560": "I haven't always, but I just love nature.", "5q2vbClqowo-00010-00003636-00003843": "And I wanted to be closer with nature.", "5q2vbClqowo-00011-00003979-00004340": "And also isolate myself from crazy people.", "5q2vbClqowo-00012-00004733-00005474": "This deer is just frozen, just frozen, watching me as I'm trying to make a podcast.", "5q2vbClqowo-00013-00005489-00005603": "It does feel awkward.", "5q2vbClqowo-00014-00005868-00006437": "Anyway, I'm going to try not to look at that, dear, looking at me.", "5q2vbClqowo-00015-00006545-00007028": "Now the momma deer is walking to the baby deer, to check on her.", "5q2vbClqowo-00016-00007188-00007231": "Oh, man.", "5q2vbClqowo-00017-00007234-00007365": "Guys, I really have to focus.", "5q2vbClqowo-00018-00007393-00007493": "I'm going to struggle with this one.", "5q2vbClqowo-00019-00007606-00007883": "So I've been mostly working on stack stuff.", "5q2vbClqowo-00020-00008079-00008817": "Stack stuff, if you don't know what stack stuff is, if you have RapidWeaver for Mac, the", "5q2vbClqowo-00021-00008817-00009360": "biggest plug in for RapidWeaver is Stacks, and I make stacks which are like kind of like", "5q2vbClqowo-00022-00009360-00009486": "widgets for WordPress.", "5q2vbClqowo-00023-00009552-00010056": "And I don't know, you can do some really cool functionality inside of stacks.", "5q2vbClqowo-00024-00010113-00010422": "And yeah, I make a lot of them check them out.", "5q2vbClqowo-00025-00010515-00011061": "So anyways, I've been making a few stacks, getting wetter, getting redder, ready for a", "5q2vbClqowo-00026-00011061-00011421": "few releases before the wintertime hits.", "5q2vbClqowo-00027-00011430-00011734": "And I mostly take a break from being so busy.", "5q2vbClqowo-00028-00012006-00012156": "But funny thing.", "5q2vbClqowo-00029-00012201-00012435": "Yesterday I spent maybe.", "5q2vbClqowo-00030-00012571-00012985": "I spent maybe, gosh, two or three hours.", "5q2vbClqowo-00031-00013094-00013613": "Just testing out microphone after microphone going.", "5q2vbClqowo-00032-00013622-00013809": "Test one, two, three.", "5q2vbClqowo-00033-00013812-00013965": "Welcome to Nick Cates Design.", "5q2vbClqowo-00034-00014166-00014880": "I did that because I'm a nut case and I just really am into just the highest possible", "5q2vbClqowo-00035-00014880-00015044": "quality, I guess, in all things.", "5q2vbClqowo-00036-00015047-00015924": "But especially in audio, I'm really before I did web design, I mean, I was huge into", "5q2vbClqowo-00037-00015924-00016204": "recording like music.", "5q2vbClqowo-00038-00016278-00016662": "Other bands and just, you know, obviously my own stuff.", "5q2vbClqowo-00039-00016668-00016791": "I'm a musician at heart.", "5q2vbClqowo-00040-00016935-00017283": "It's been a long time since I did that because I got into web design and had kids.", "5q2vbClqowo-00041-00017283-00017610": "And then you really don't have time to just sit there and play guitar or play drums.", "5q2vbClqowo-00042-00017748-00017928": "But I do have those things and I do enjoy it.", "5q2vbClqowo-00043-00018090-00018720": "But anyway, from my recording days and over time, as I've like, now that I have money", "5q2vbClqowo-00044-00018720-00019197": "to buy by nice means equipment, I have really good mikes.", "5q2vbClqowo-00045-00019365-00019842": "And so yesterday I was just kind of going through all of them, trying to see which one", "5q2vbClqowo-00046-00019842-00020115": "sounds best and probably to you guys out there.", "5q2vbClqowo-00047-00020202-00020267": "It doesn't matter.", "5q2vbClqowo-00048-00020268-00020384": "Maybe it all sounds the same.", "5q2vbClqowo-00049-00020384-00020649": "I don't know, but I care.", "5q2vbClqowo-00050-00020682-00020781": "I really care.", "5q2vbClqowo-00051-00020993-00021486": "And right now I I'm using this setup that I like the character of it.", "5q2vbClqowo-00052-00021489-00021844": "But it's got this this noise for right now.", "5q2vbClqowo-00053-00021918-00022515": "So if there's moments of silence and you just kind of like really turn up the volume, you", "5q2vbClqowo-00054-00022515-00022620": "can hear this buzz.", "5q2vbClqowo-00055-00022716-00022851": "I'm going to fix this buzz.", "5q2vbClqowo-00056-00022884-00023025": "People, I'm going to fix it.", "5q2vbClqowo-00057-00023187-00023394": "But everything else about the setup I really love.", "5q2vbClqowo-00058-00023397-00023601": "So I'm going I'm going with it anyway.", "5q2vbClqowo-00059-00023877-00024552": "It's it's funny because, you know, people will even when you look up like podcasting and", "5q2vbClqowo-00060-00024573-00025167": "microphones, a lot of them are pretty inexpensive and some would say you can even do your", "5q2vbClqowo-00061-00025167-00025296": "podcast with your phone.", "5q2vbClqowo-00062-00025462-00025970": "I know Gary Vee would say do your podcast with your phone, whatever you got.", "5q2vbClqowo-00063-00025974-00026039": "Go for it.", "5q2vbClqowo-00064-00026039-00026523": "Right. But I do like Gary Vee.", "5q2vbClqowo-00065-00026568-00026847": "He actually helped break me out of.", "5q2vbClqowo-00066-00027252-00027492": "Not delivering because of perfection.", "5q2vbClqowo-00067-00027758-00028445": "You know, trying to get something, just nutting up over details and delaying a release of", "5q2vbClqowo-00068-00028445-00028668": "something and trying to get everything right.", "5q2vbClqowo-00069-00028794-00029373": "And Gary Vee helped me kind of get over myself a little bit and just kind of not.", "5q2vbClqowo-00070-00029564-00030248": "Not worry about perfection as much and and focus more on delivering things, delivering", "5q2vbClqowo-00071-00030248-00030520": "value. You know, just getting things out there, right.", "5q2vbClqowo-00072-00030794-00031300": "But, you know, I think that's I think that's about all I can agree with Gary.", "5q2vbClqowo-00073-00031364-00031783": "Now that I look back, I really, really, really dug it at the time.", "5q2vbClqowo-00074-00031852-00032302": "But now I would say quality does matter.", "5q2vbClqowo-00075-00032312-00032699": "I mean, if you keep pushing out content all the time.", "5q2vbClqowo-00076-00032801-00032924": "Like for one.", "5q2vbClqowo-00077-00032927-00033142": "What are you going to have to talk about that's really quality?", "5q2vbClqowo-00078-00033227-00033281": "I don't know.", "5q2vbClqowo-00079-00033528-00034209": "And for two, if you're just pushing things out and you're not building a brand of quality,", "5q2vbClqowo-00080-00034257-00034506": "people just are not going to associate quality.", "5q2vbClqowo-00081-00034509-00035229": "So I am not I wouldn't say you should just put things out there no matter what.", "5q2vbClqowo-00082-00035253-00035367": "Just get it done.", "5q2vbClqowo-00083-00035448-00035554": "No, no.", "5q2vbClqowo-00084-00035562-00036120": "Because the quality of your work will be...", "5q2vbClqowo-00085-00036240-00037073": "Everything you do marks the quality of your work, whether that's poor, mediocre or like", "5q2vbClqowo-00086-00037083-00037221": "really polished and awesome.", "5q2vbClqowo-00087-00037299-00038010": "I don't go for super polished anymore, but I try to do a really, really good job because", "5q2vbClqowo-00088-00038010-00038265": "guys and girls, it's important.", "5q2vbClqowo-00089-00038516-00039008": "It's important until until robots replace web designers.", "5q2vbClqowo-00090-00039215-00039446": "Let's go to one of the things that that's been on my mind.", "5q2vbClqowo-00091-00039449-00040103": "I've been looking at different tools out there for Web design.", "5q2vbClqowo-00092-00040216-00040811": "Just I mean, long story short, I've been looking at different services like mostly like", "5q2vbClqowo-00093-00040811-00041288": "SEO. I was just really curious about just the different offerings out there.", "5q2vbClqowo-00094-00041351-00042221": "And I've been running into a really fascinating business concept that this SEO company", "5q2vbClqowo-00095-00042221-00043115": "had where they use AI to actually give you like the content that you're supposed to,", "5q2vbClqowo-00096-00043115-00043223": "like, create your site with.", "5q2vbClqowo-00097-00043365-00043797": "Because they say, okay, well, we can see the keywords you're trying to hit upon.", "5q2vbClqowo-00098-00043898-00044625": "And and based on those keywords and based on your competitors, if you start adjusting your", "5q2vbClqowo-00099-00044625-00045102": "copy and start talking like this and here's like an example paragraph made by the AI,", "5q2vbClqowo-00100-00045156-00045525": "then you'll rank higher, you know, and then they can.", "5q2vbClqowo-00101-00045588-00045807": "So it basically does all the figuring out for you.", "5q2vbClqowo-00102-00045810-00045993": "It basically is creating copy for you.", "5q2vbClqowo-00103-00046044-00046314": "And folks, if AI can create copy.", "5q2vbClqowo-00104-00046458-00046521": "Oh, man.", "5q2vbClqowo-00105-00046524-00046749": "Web designers, we are so screwed.", "5q2vbClqowo-00106-00046956-00047289": "I know some of you some of you are really artsy.", "5q2vbClqowo-00107-00047301-00047721": "Some of you Web designers out there are really artsy, really creative.", "5q2vbClqowo-00108-00047839-00047884": "But.", "5q2vbClqowo-00109-00048105-00048306": "But I don't know.", "5q2vbClqowo-00110-00048321-00049302": "I think that eventually AI design will will be what works for a vast,", "5q2vbClqowo-00111-00049302-00049482": "vast majority of people.", "5q2vbClqowo-00112-00049539-00050034": "I think that computers or artificial intelligence can do a better job not only with", "5q2vbClqowo-00113-00050034-00050157": "creating content.", "5q2vbClqowo-00114-00050507-00050678": "That a human will like.", "5q2vbClqowo-00115-00050756-00050882": "Because boy, man.", "5q2vbClqowo-00116-00051140-00051599": "Clients struggle so hard to explain their own value.", "5q2vbClqowo-00117-00051620-00051719": "They really do.", "5q2vbClqowo-00118-00051776-00052451": "I think if if you had this robot, I can envision one day you have this robot, you tell", "5q2vbClqowo-00119-00052490-00053213": "you tell the robot, OK, my business, my business is, I make donuts and my unique value is", "5q2vbClqowo-00120-00053237-00053955": "I make bacon bacon wrapped, you know, caramel doughnuts or maple donuts, not caramel, who", "5q2vbClqowo-00121-00053957-00054075": "puts caramel on a donut.", "5q2vbClqowo-00122-00054141-00054253": "Maple. Thank you.", "5q2vbClqowo-00123-00054266-00054413": "A bacon maple donut.", "5q2vbClqowo-00124-00054494-00054955": "I think that's going to be all you need to feed the machine before he could start the", "5q2vbClqowo-00125-00054955-00055129": "machine. He the robot.", "5q2vbClqowo-00126-00055137-00055649": "Geez. Before the robot starts saying like just these beautiful paragraphs of how these", "5q2vbClqowo-00127-00055724-00056542": "delicious, you know, come get your hot fresh, you know, bacon, maple donuts at this", "5q2vbClqowo-00128-00056542-00056741": "location. Here's our hours.", "5q2vbClqowo-00129-00056741-00057194": "And here's a discount that we've created, you know, for the first time buyers.", "5q2vbClqowo-00130-00057197-00057761": "I mean, it's gonna be so good that businesses won't create their own copy.", "5q2vbClqowo-00131-00057833-00058171": "Many of you business owners struggle to create your own copy.", "5q2vbClqowo-00132-00058172-00058241": "My goodness.", "5q2vbClqowo-00133-00058474-00059296": "I had a I had a funny conversation even with a friend of mine who makes a lot of websites", "5q2vbClqowo-00134-00059303-00059387": "for businesses.", "5q2vbClqowo-00135-00059388-00059725": "And we were talking about copy, and he was just showing me this.", "5q2vbClqowo-00136-00059767-00060449": "How appalling is some of this copy was that the the business owner gave to him to put in", "5q2vbClqowo-00137-00060449-00060491": "his website.", "5q2vbClqowo-00138-00060559-00060848": "And he was just like, No, no, we can't use this.", "5q2vbClqowo-00139-00060880-00060955": "I'm so sorry.", "5q2vbClqowo-00140-00060965-00061041": "Thank you for making this.", "5q2vbClqowo-00141-00061042-00061160": "But we can't use this.", "5q2vbClqowo-00142-00061298-00061382": "And it's so true.", "5q2vbClqowo-00143-00061409-00061479": "It's just.", "5q2vbClqowo-00144-00061684-00062217": "Robots are better at many things, especially when they're learning, especially when", "5q2vbClqowo-00145-00062217-00062272": "they're learning.", "5q2vbClqowo-00146-00062316-00062599": "I know that Wix is.", "5q2vbClqowo-00147-00062786-00063004": "Has an AI web builder.", "5q2vbClqowo-00148-00063011-00063182": "I have no experience with it.", "5q2vbClqowo-00149-00063280-00063578": "Maybe I should have had experience with it.", "5q2vbClqowo-00150-00063580-00064172": "If I was going to be talking about it, I did not know that I'd be talking about a web", "5q2vbClqowo-00151-00064172-00064421": "design until like sitting down in this chair.", "5q2vbClqowo-00152-00064424-00064794": "So I'm sorry for not being more prepared.", "5q2vbClqowo-00153-00064847-00064954": "But yeah, I know.", "5q2vbClqowo-00154-00064954-00065066": "So Wix has one.", "5q2vbClqowo-00155-00065195-00065291": "I think that.", "5q2vbClqowo-00156-00065447-00066089": "Oh, man, I think the first WordPress developer that can make an A.I.", "5q2vbClqowo-00157-00066180-00066600": "Builder plug in that charges a monthly fee.", "5q2vbClqowo-00158-00066719-00066854": "That is like a good one.", "5q2vbClqowo-00159-00066860-00067682": "I think I think they're going to own their own island and their own yacht because because", "5q2vbClqowo-00160-00067688-00067856": "I think it's going to hit a home run.", "5q2vbClqowo-00161-00068002-00068392": "Anyway, let's move off of AI stuff, I guess.", "5q2vbClqowo-00162-00068678-00069347": "One of one of the feedback emails that I got, which I'm thankful for, I appreciate those", "5q2vbClqowo-00163-00069347-00069644": "that do email and let me know what they think of the show.", "5q2vbClqowo-00164-00069665-00070092": "This podcast show.", "5q2vbClqowo-00165-00070127-00070580": "One of the people emailed me like the show, but he mentioned.", "5q2vbClqowo-00166-00070670-00071595": "Wanting. Well, first of all, he appreciated how in the Rapid Weaver design area", "5q2vbClqowo-00167-00071784-00072267": "that I am able to create designs that seem polished and refined.", "5q2vbClqowo-00168-00072399-00072558": "I don't know a better way to say that right now.", "5q2vbClqowo-00169-00072646-00072954": "And he wanted to hear more kind of how I do that.", "5q2vbClqowo-00170-00073025-00073308": "And just kind of like tricks to that.", "5q2vbClqowo-00171-00073344-00073590": "And, you know, I actually did think about that.", "5q2vbClqowo-00172-00073611-00074496": "I. I'm thinking I've wanted to experiment with like a subscription based product at low", "5q2vbClqowo-00173-00074496-00074862": "cost to offer web designers and business owners.", "5q2vbClqowo-00174-00074901-00075279": "And I think that one of the ideas that I might play with.", "5q2vbClqowo-00175-00075315-00075525": "Everyone, let me know what you think.", "5q2vbClqowo-00176-00075794-00076451": "Creating videos, I can like, I can find something that's really polished out there online", "5q2vbClqowo-00177-00076451-00076908": "or I can create something like a like something that would go in a Web site.", "5q2vbClqowo-00178-00076916-00077038": "Just one element, right?", "5q2vbClqowo-00179-00077063-00077162": "But it looks really good.", "5q2vbClqowo-00180-00077222-00077852": "And I could make a short video expressing or kind of going over like how to do this from", "5q2vbClqowo-00181-00077852-00078713": "start to finish, all with actual code and explaining what is going on in the code to make", "5q2vbClqowo-00182-00078713-00079337": "this happen so that it's educational and your getting you understand the ability of how", "5q2vbClqowo-00183-00079337-00079673": "to make this in your own Web site and you're learning to code from scratch.", "5q2vbClqowo-00184-00079736-00080306": "And I think that RapidWeaver and stacks are great, but.", "5q2vbClqowo-00185-00080409-00080478": "I mean.", "5q2vbClqowo-00186-00080709-00081264": "A lot of times you're you're gonna you're gonna wish you knew how to code something from", "5q2vbClqowo-00187-00081264-00081489": "scratch because it's just not in a stack.", "5q2vbClqowo-00188-00081611-00081662": "And.", "5q2vbClqowo-00189-00081839-00082132": "And yeah, you don't want to be held back by anything you want.", "5q2vbClqowo-00190-00082204-00082426": "You might envision something that would be great on the page.", "5q2vbClqowo-00191-00082432-00082678": "You might have no idea how to how to get there.", "5q2vbClqowo-00192-00082732-00083187": "And so now you're in the spot like, well, gosh, I mean, who do I contact for this?", "5q2vbClqowo-00193-00083188-00083737": "And so it's it's a really strong tool to have to know how to even just get your feet wet", "5q2vbClqowo-00194-00083737-00084286": "with at least modifying elements on a Web page and kind of tweaking them to what you want", "5q2vbClqowo-00195-00084286-00084358": "them to do.", "5q2vbClqowo-00196-00084508-00084748": "And so, yeah, I think I'd have a lot of fun with that.", "5q2vbClqowo-00197-00084913-00085402": "And I don't know, like I'm gonna throw it out there like five dollars a month for Web", "5q2vbClqowo-00198-00085402-00085983": "designers and business owners to come and check out all these different pre-built.", "5q2vbClqowo-00199-00086216-00086552": "Things that you could put on a Web page and then I just kind of walk through like what it", "5q2vbClqowo-00200-00086552-00086663": "took to build those things.", "5q2vbClqowo-00201-00086666-00087066": "So a lot of videos, access to the code, that kind of thing.", "5q2vbClqowo-00202-00087068-00087140": "That was my idea.", "5q2vbClqowo-00203-00087203-00087277": "Aside from that.", "5q2vbClqowo-00204-00087394-00087883": "Trying to describe in a podcast how to, like, get something really refined.", "5q2vbClqowo-00205-00088101-00088212": "It's tough.", "5q2vbClqowo-00206-00088264-00089054": "It's really tough because design is such a visual thing or a lot of web design is visual,", "5q2vbClqowo-00207-00089063-00089801": "obviously. But I don't know, I'll have to keep thinking about how to like work that in", "5q2vbClqowo-00208-00089801-00089873": "the podcast.", "5q2vbClqowo-00209-00089912-00090659": "I have mindsets, really, I have mindsets and that I a mindset that I bring into", "5q2vbClqowo-00210-00090662-00090806": "everything that I design.", "5q2vbClqowo-00211-00090917-00091266": "I noticed that with myself so I can get into that with the podcast.", "5q2vbClqowo-00212-00091271-00091751": "But as far as like really getting down on like how things work.", "5q2vbClqowo-00213-00091817-00091865": "I don't know.", "5q2vbClqowo-00214-00091952-00092066": "I don't see how I'm going to do that.", "5q2vbClqowo-00215-00092111-00092699": "But anyway, yeah, every podcast I like to do two things.", "5q2vbClqowo-00216-00092699-00093416": "I like to kind of recap what I've been doing since the last podcast since I'm full time", "5q2vbClqowo-00217-00093425-00093662": "doing web design, owning my own business.", "5q2vbClqowo-00218-00093665-00093734": "Nick Cates Design.", "5q2vbClqowo-00219-00093767-00094184": "So I'm always just doing so much and I would like to share that with everyone.", "5q2vbClqowo-00220-00094262-00094628": "Maybe it's something valuable, or entertaining I've been going through with that.", "5q2vbClqowo-00221-00094664-00094826": "So let's do that recap.", "5q2vbClqowo-00222-00094829-00095495": "And I also like to express something really important, like a lesson I've learned along", "5q2vbClqowo-00223-00095495-00095543": "the way.", "5q2vbClqowo-00224-00095714-00095843": "And so I'll just pick one out of the hat.", "5q2vbClqowo-00225-00095846-00096311": "Actually made a list of just valuable things that I've learned is kind of bullet topics.", "5q2vbClqowo-00226-00096311-00096473": "And so just like pick one randomly.", "5q2vbClqowo-00227-00096551-00097166": "One of the things that I see that I think would be a good one to talk about is to sell", "5q2vbClqowo-00228-00097166-00097340": "one thing at a time.", "5q2vbClqowo-00229-00097418-00097892": "But that quote has stuck with me for ever since I heard it.", "5q2vbClqowo-00230-00097952-00098516": "And every time I try to complicate a message or, you know, you never try to complicate a", "5q2vbClqowo-00231-00098516-00098764": "message, write a whole on.", "5q2vbClqowo-00232-00099055-00099832": "I don't think anyone sits down to complicated message or tries to get into overwhelming", "5q2vbClqowo-00233-00099832-00099877": "people.", "5q2vbClqowo-00234-00099922-00100678": "No one no one is making that the goal, but it happens all the time.", "5q2vbClqowo-00235-00100693-00101299": "If you're not really conscious of not overwhelming people, you might think that it's a", "5q2vbClqowo-00236-00101299-00102265": "good idea to kind of share every feature in something or you will give equal weight all", "5q2vbClqowo-00237-00102265-00102565": "these powerful features in your service.", "5q2vbClqowo-00238-00102592-00102916": "You will try to give equal weight to what you're offering.", "5q2vbClqowo-00239-00102922-00103071": "And that's a mistake to.", "5q2vbClqowo-00240-00103309-00103564": "Or at least I think it's a mistake.", "5q2vbClqowo-00241-00103582-00104101": "I'm not going to tell you guys like what the right way and the wrong way is.", "5q2vbClqowo-00242-00104251-00104749": "I mean, my goodness, there are people that, you know, never went to college that are on", "5q2vbClqowo-00243-00104749-00104961": "YouTube making millions with silly videos.", "5q2vbClqowo-00244-00104965-00105453": "So, you know, who's to say what the right way to do things is anyway?", "5q2vbClqowo-00245-00105649-00106525": "But it really resonates deeply that you can sell many things, but only sell one thing at", "5q2vbClqowo-00246-00106525-00106582": "a time.", "5q2vbClqowo-00247-00106693-00106951": "And, you know, this kind of this can be taken two different ways.", "5q2vbClqowo-00248-00107038-00107602": "One of them is like if you're having an email and you're sent like, how do I express", "5q2vbClqowo-00249-00107602-00107965": "this? I.", "5q2vbClqowo-00250-00108022-00108584": "I do my own marketing emails and I could definitely put like three different products in", "5q2vbClqowo-00251-00108584-00109008": "there, but really it clouds the message.", "5q2vbClqowo-00252-00109085-00109608": "It's like if I'm gonna have a sale or something, I really just want one thing for people", "5q2vbClqowo-00253-00109608-00109680": "to think about.", "5q2vbClqowo-00254-00109722-00109881": "It's this product.", "5q2vbClqowo-00255-00109917-00110058": "Do you want this product?", "5q2vbClqowo-00256-00110125-00110313": "This is the value we're offering.", "5q2vbClqowo-00257-00110336-00110403": "Yes or no?", "5q2vbClqowo-00258-00110496-00110655": "And just keep it really simple.", "5q2vbClqowo-00259-00110727-00111102": "Buy if used where to put you know, let's just test this idea.", "5q2vbClqowo-00260-00111184-00111888": "Let's say I put out an email and it's two products and I and I show the value, both of", "5q2vbClqowo-00261-00111888-00112152": "them, and they're both having a big discount.", "5q2vbClqowo-00262-00112200-00112320": "I have two products.", "5q2vbClqowo-00263-00112383-00112977": "This changes your mindset into now thinking, do I want this one or do I want that one?", "5q2vbClqowo-00264-00113082-00113715": "That is a new thought that you wouldn't you wouldn't have had in the moment.", "5q2vbClqowo-00265-00113759-00114284": "If you just had an email that was marketing one product with a big discount on it.", "5q2vbClqowo-00266-00114438-00115048": "So. You really you really I don't think you want to make people think too hard when it", "5q2vbClqowo-00267-00115048-00115279": "comes to like e-commerce, especially e-commerce.", "5q2vbClqowo-00268-00115324-00115410": "I used to.", "5q2vbClqowo-00269-00115498-00115758": "I mean, and just to even get back to the e-mail thing, if I were to put.", "5q2vbClqowo-00270-00115858-00116140": "Three products, it makes the decision harder.", "5q2vbClqowo-00271-00116208-00116392": "You put 10 products on that e-mail.", "5q2vbClqowo-00272-00116428-00116491": "Forget it.", "5q2vbClqowo-00273-00116557-00116746": "People aren't even going to know where to start.", "5q2vbClqowo-00274-00116827-00117439": "I think that you have to be very careful about selling one thing at a time.", "5q2vbClqowo-00275-00117481-00118288": "Someone told me that one of the things they really appreciated about my design is the use", "5q2vbClqowo-00276-00118297-00118408": "of spacing.", "5q2vbClqowo-00277-00118483-00118528": "I do.", "5q2vbClqowo-00278-00118531-00119422": "I am huge into spacing, but that's because I really like to have really clear separate", "5q2vbClqowo-00279-00119422-00120202": "thoughts. And so even while you look at my designs and you can't see it immediately.", "5q2vbClqowo-00280-00120333-00120745": "In the back of my head, I am thinking sell one thing at a time.", "5q2vbClqowo-00281-00120868-00121426": "I like to like and if I have to group things like if I have to put many things on a page,", "5q2vbClqowo-00282-00121483-00122458": "I try so hard to make those many things on a page feel as isolated as possible so that", "5q2vbClqowo-00283-00122467-00122858": "each thing feels like one thing at a time.", "5q2vbClqowo-00284-00123098-00123385": "If if you're a business and.", "5q2vbClqowo-00285-00123551-00123866": "You have just one product.", "5q2vbClqowo-00286-00123947-00124571": "I feel like that is almost it's almost better than having a multitude of products to", "5q2vbClqowo-00287-00124571-00124682": "start out with a business.", "5q2vbClqowo-00288-00124930-00125497": "Because you can take that one product and you could start building up this huge case of", "5q2vbClqowo-00289-00125497-00125842": "like like briefly what it is.", "5q2vbClqowo-00290-00125845-00125974": "Next section, have a video.", "5q2vbClqowo-00291-00125977-00126070": "Next section.", "5q2vbClqowo-00292-00126169-00126349": "People that have bought it, that love it.", "5q2vbClqowo-00293-00126435-00126514": "Next section.", "5q2vbClqowo-00294-00126514-00126757": "Reviews from professionals that use that product.", "5q2vbClqowo-00295-00126871-00127311": "Next section like the the deal that you're running on it.", "5q2vbClqowo-00296-00127357-00127583": "Like if you have just one product to sell.", "5q2vbClqowo-00297-00127613-00128136": "I really feel like that is much more ideal.", "5q2vbClqowo-00298-00128140-00128866": "It's so much harder to sell many products at this, you know, on on a on a website.", "5q2vbClqowo-00299-00129003-00129168": "So that's just my thought.", "5q2vbClqowo-00300-00129198-00129456": "I would encourage everyone, you know, as your.", "5q2vbClqowo-00301-00129565-00129684": "Working with a client.", "5q2vbClqowo-00302-00129894-00130506": "You know, I think you'll even find that if you can take a client's message and you better", "5q2vbClqowo-00303-00130508-00131315": "believe that client wants to say five things in the top floor of the home page or more,", "5q2vbClqowo-00304-00131327-00131918": "right. I mean, you're just hitting people just one thought at a time, one concept.", "5q2vbClqowo-00305-00131978-00132587": "I think that not only will the client find that way more refreshing, but all visitors", "5q2vbClqowo-00306-00132593-00132725": "will appreciate that as well.", "5q2vbClqowo-00307-00132728-00133361": "They'll be able to understand the business, understand the value, and that is pretty key.", "5q2vbClqowo-00308-00133403-00133964": "I just remembered this whole idea of sell one thing at a time is super apparent.", "5q2vbClqowo-00309-00133991-00134453": "If you go to Apple's own homepage, Apple dot com.", "5q2vbClqowo-00310-00134549-00134624": "Check that out.", "5q2vbClqowo-00311-00134678-00134780": "You will see.", "5q2vbClqowo-00312-00134894-00135363": "Sell one thing at a time, really, really clearly.", "5q2vbClqowo-00313-00135380-00136091": "I mean, they might do the clearest of any website I'm aware of.", "5q2vbClqowo-00314-00136154-00136465": "They have lots of whitespace.", "5q2vbClqowo-00315-00136532-00136643": "They have grids.", "5q2vbClqowo-00316-00136673-00136988": "You go on that home page and you see.", "5q2vbClqowo-00317-00137132-00137756": "Like 70 percent there's they're showing you one thing, of course, that one thing changes,", "5q2vbClqowo-00318-00137759-00137912": "but showing you one thing.", "5q2vbClqowo-00319-00137954-00138433": "And if you scroll down a little bit, you then hit that sack in totally different.", "5q2vbClqowo-00320-00138452-00138575": "But second thing.", "5q2vbClqowo-00321-00138611-00138806": "I mean, you guys got to realize Apple.", "5q2vbClqowo-00322-00138991-00139975": "Has a lot of stuff, they make so much stuff and they very easily could just", "5q2vbClqowo-00323-00139975-00140524": "go on and on and on about all these different products immediately on their home page.", "5q2vbClqowo-00324-00140527-00140815": "They could make 10 blocks and fill that home page.", "5q2vbClqowo-00325-00140864-00141568": "But. But they realize they know very well that they're selling to humans and humans.", "5q2vbClqowo-00326-00141769-00142435": "If you want to make something easy to mentally digest, can only really handle one thing", "5q2vbClqowo-00327-00142435-00142504": "at a time.", "5q2vbClqowo-00328-00142648-00143275": "You know, even having a conversation with someone, it's very hard if they start going down", "5q2vbClqowo-00329-00143281-00143686": "a different path of, you know, in the conversation, start talking about something else.", "5q2vbClqowo-00330-00143722-00144061": "It's hard to remember what that first thing was that they were talking about.", "5q2vbClqowo-00331-00144205-00144913": "And so it's like in all ways, whether it's e-commerce, whether it's the layout to your", "5q2vbClqowo-00332-00144913-00145645": "site, just really try to become one with one thing selling one thing at a time.", "5q2vbClqowo-00333-00145770-00145899": "I'm looking outside.", "5q2vbClqowo-00334-00146017-00146557": "These dears, some ran up to them and they're like kind of spooked when I try to readjust", "5q2vbClqowo-00335-00146557-00146590": "my chair.", "5q2vbClqowo-00336-00146601-00147040": "Oh. It's an adolescent deer come into play.", "5q2vbClqowo-00337-00147052-00147316": "Okay. He just ran up.", "5q2vbClqowo-00338-00147380-00147604": "There was these two deer there eating grass.", "5q2vbClqowo-00339-00147731-00148417": "And just minding their own business and then all of a sudden this adolescent deer, just", "5q2vbClqowo-00340-00148417-00148776": "like charges up on him super fast and then like he spooks the other two.", "5q2vbClqowo-00341-00148852-00149231": "And then he just like goes to eating like, all calmly like, what guys?", "5q2vbClqowo-00342-00149254-00149293": "What's wrong?", "5q2vbClqowo-00343-00149302-00149356": "What are you scared of?", "5q2vbClqowo-00344-00149503-00149543": "I love it.", "5q2vbClqowo-00345-00149560-00149596": "I love it.", "5q2vbClqowo-00346-00149596-00149650": "It's so great.", "5q2vbClqowo-00347-00149806-00150160": "So anyway, I feel like that's enough for this podcast.", "5q2vbClqowo-00348-00150196-00150393": "Podcast number three.", "5q2vbClqowo-00349-00150472-00150619": "My goodness, I can't believe it.", "5q2vbClqowo-00350-00150628-00150937": "I'm, uh, I'm happy to do this.", "5q2vbClqowo-00351-00150940-00151663": "And I will think about how to talk about like how to bring Polish to websites, but talk", "5q2vbClqowo-00352-00151663-00151811": "about that podcast.", "5q2vbClqowo-00353-00151825-00151912": "I will think about that.", "5q2vbClqowo-00354-00151932-00152146": "OK. Thank you, guys.", "5q2vbClqowo-00355-00152158-00152366": "And I will catch you next time."}}, {"audio_id": "5qhbkihzx_I", "text": {"5qhbkihzx_I-00000-00000000-00006840": "Cities: Skylines Mods - CITIES: SKYLINES MOVE IT MOD! - Cities: Skylines (Cities: Skylines Gameplay)"}}, {"audio_id": "5qlXDIOkMTy", "text": {"5qlXDIOkMTy-00000-00025902-00026052": "This is good", "5qlXDIOkMTy-00001-00026437-00026583": "Eat this", "5qlXDIOkMTy-00002-00035854-00035959": "Oh yeah!", "5qlXDIOkMTy-00003-00037187-00037303": "Something's there", "5qlXDIOkMTy-00004-00041295-00041387": "You eat it", "5qlXDIOkMTy-00005-00048224-00048363": "That's not how you eat it.", "5qlXDIOkMTy-00006-00048363-00048563": "You have to eat it crunch", "5qlXDIOkMTy-00007-00048607-00048683": "Again", "5qlXDIOkMTy-00008-00048872-00049126": "Why are you doing it again? That's a fake", "5qlXDIOkMTy-00009-00049216-00049282": "Why are you doing it again?", "5qlXDIOkMTy-00010-00049282-00049406": "Why are you faking it when you're eating?", "5qlXDIOkMTy-00011-00049431-00049690": "Don't you have teeth? Why can't I hear the chewing sound?", "5qlXDIOkMTy-00012-00049748-00050020": "If I make a noise while I'm eating, someone will kill me", "5qlXDIOkMTy-00013-00050231-00050364": "I'm scared"}}, {"audio_id": "5qq7yCu9yCg", "text": {"5qq7yCu9yCg-00000-00000000-00000260": "But... we're gonna do that-- AAH!!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00001-00000476-00000628": "I'm already hit, girl.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00002-00000738-00001132": "Yes! Yes!! Play play play! Oh my god!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00003-00001242-00001655": "Hello, everyone! And welcome to another episode of-", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00004-00001710-00001884": "Booze and Kpop!!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00005-00001926-00002014": "I mimed it.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00006-00002056-00002114": "Wow", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00007-00003030-00003152": "I am Cami", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00008-00003152-00003268": "and I'm Maki", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00009-00003334-00003478": "Wow, confident?", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00010-00003478-00003636": "'Coz we had drinks already", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00011-00003650-00003884": "- We had a few drinks already prior to this.  - Yes", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00012-00003932-00004248": "- We had drinks over Zoom with our friends  - Yes, we miss them", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00013-00004310-00004444": "So, today... oh my god", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00014-00004484-00004620": "Finally! We've been waiting a week!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00015-00004620-00004740": "I'm hit already, girl.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00016-00004748-00004856": "It's...", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00017-00004862-00005056": "- His...? What are you? - Huh?", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00018-00005196-00005376": "Oh, my chair's moving back", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00019-00005376-00005518": "This was shot responsibly", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00020-00005590-00006008": "And now, we're going to react to our favorite bestfriend in Kpop", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00021-00006070-00006146": "Context...", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00022-00006196-00006368": "This song was released", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00023-00006402-00006700": "five... six-- five days ago - Yep", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00024-00006716-00006900": "It was released on a Monday", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00025-00006926-00007230": "- But we could only see each other on weekends  - Yes", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00026-00007294-00007578": "- Coz I have work  - Coz she has work. She sucks", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00027-00007578-00007712": "Yeah, I know. I suck.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00028-00008050-00008328": "- Okay, we're gonna watch Chungha!  - I can't!!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00029-00008338-00008484": "What's the name of this song?", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00030-00008492-00008562": "PLAY!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00031-00008578-00008890": "\"Play\"! And we are gonna? \"Play\" this video.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00032-00008890-00009058": "Where? Oh there, okay. Play.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00033-00009142-00009412": "Oh my god, she's in a cage! Who put her in a cage?", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00034-00009458-00009626": "(gasp) ...oh my god", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00035-00010176-00010324": "I love her", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00036-00010856-00011172": "Oh my god, she's too thin now-- she's very thin", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00037-00011224-00011382": "I just want her to gain more weight", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00038-00011822-00011898": "Wow", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00039-00012070-00012312": "It's like \"Midsommar\", but Kpop", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00040-00012354-00012502": "and not scary", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00041-00012758-00012956": "(both) OH MY GOD!!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00042-00013234-00013400": "We are obviously Chungha fans", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00043-00013797-00014168": "Yes!! Yes! Play play play! Oh my god!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00044-00014508-00014694": "You know what? I take it back. She looks perfect.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00045-00015256-00015440": "oh my god...", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00046-00015686-00015828": "Argh, yes.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00047-00015950-00016102": "I love her", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00048-00016498-00016598": "Yes!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00049-00016830-00016898": "oh my-", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00050-00017032-00017258": "Can I be your bestfriend, please?", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00051-00017896-00018186": "I love it, it looks so good.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00052-00018362-00018462": "YES!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00053-00018698-00018798": "Outfit change", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00054-00019184-00019526": "Okay, I thought she was the one that did the front walk. I got scared", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00055-00019802-00020102": "- She could probably do one though, coz she's flexible.  - Yeah", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00056-00020200-00020380": "I love it!!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00057-00020380-00020644": "(both) That's a Lamborghini", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00058-00020660-00020754": "That's a Lamborghini (x3)", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00059-00020840-00021108": "My girl Chungha gets a Lamborghini. Yes.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00060-00021196-00021474": "- She's so happy  - And I'm happy", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00061-00021646-00021810": "Oh my god", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00062-00021864-00022118": "- It looks real  - I think it is", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00063-00022170-00022292": "There's a making video", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00064-00022432-00022630": "- But I haven't seen it  - Same", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00065-00023006-00023258": "Girl, oh my god", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00066-00023352-00023624": "She better dance this live with--", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00067-00023656-00023884": "like... Hoshi, or something", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00068-00023928-00024106": "We all know that's not gonna happen", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00069-00025166-00025248": "Girl!!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00070-00025278-00025530": "Be my bestfriend! Today!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00071-00025795-00026058": "- The frick  - Red eye shadow!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00072-00026064-00026474": "- The production of this...  - Again... budget!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00073-00026516-00026616": "It better.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00074-00026633-00026954": "Budget. She had like, 5 outfits on this", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00075-00026995-00027268": "- And a lot of backup dancers  - Yeah", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00076-00027338-00027604": "Breakdancing and... and...", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00077-00027620-00027718": "Powder", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00078-00027742-00027872": "And powder? Sand?", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00079-00028298-00028476": "my god...", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00080-00028682-00029022": "Stop sleeping on Chungha she deserves better", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00081-00029022-00029189": "Ooh that's my favorite part... the last one", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00082-00029336-00029839": "I love it. I always love Chungha. I love her. I want to be her bestfriend-- How many times did I say that?", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00083-00029850-00030200": "That had a different vibe from \"Stay Tonight\"", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00084-00030206-00030345": "Stay Tonight? Stay Tonight♫", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00085-00030352-00030868": "\"Stay Tonight\" was like vogue... and low-beat (??)", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00086-00030933-00031312": "- It was like, high fashion. Very, very high fashion.  - Yeah", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00087-00031320-00031674": "This one is more like summer vibes, coachella-ish", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00088-00031674-00031858": "With Chungha in it", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00089-00031858-00032226": "- This one was more colorful  - Yes, and playful", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00090-00032226-00032427": "- playful and dancey  - And there's a lot more stuff going on", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00091-00032439-00032846": "When you watch \"Stay Tonight\", it's like you're... stunned.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00092-00032852-00033088": "- Like you're just staring at her  - Yeah", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00093-00033092-00033340": "Jaw-dropping. This one is more like", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00094-00033406-00033596": "- you wanna vibe with it  - Yes", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00095-00033606-00033890": "But at the same time, she's still like, mesmerizing", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00096-00033890-00034202": "- Of course, she is. I love her. I love her, she's amazing.  - I love her so much", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00097-00034256-00034590": "Like, in one huge stage and one Chungha", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00098-00034598-00034818": "- and it doesn't eat her alive?  - Yeah", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00099-00034832-00034922": "like, how do you even do that?", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00100-00034984-00035336": "- Like you're a solo artist, but you fill the stage  - I want an explanation", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00101-00035336-00035692": "- That's... something not a lot of people can do  - Right? Talent", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00102-00035732-00036092": "- And because of that... - And she's five feet tall", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00103-00036126-00036204": "She's tiny", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00104-00036262-00036362": "She's tiny", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00105-00036424-00036560": "Look who's talking, huh?", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00106-00036708-00036922": "- Are we tall, girl? - We're the same height as Chungha", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00107-00036964-00037206": "- There. That's all we're gonna-- - But we can't do what she does", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00108-00037206-00037292": "Nope nope nope", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00109-00037308-00037530": "Oh my god, I love her", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00110-00037530-00037768": "It's like \"Midsommar\"-- have you seen \"Midsommar?\"", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00111-00037820-00037952": "- Yeah  - It's a horror movie- yeah", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00112-00038014-00038188": "Like \"Midsommar\" met Kpop", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00113-00038222-00038524": "And there was no like, human sacrifice involved", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00114-00038726-00038828": "Yes", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00115-00038924-00039042": "Have you been drinking?", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00116-00039044-00039156": "- Yes  - Okay, cheers.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00117-00039196-00039578": "- Cheers to Chungha  - Cheers to Chungha! I love you baby girl oh my god she's my bestfriend", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00118-00039874-00039974": "It's so good", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00119-00040018-00040286": "Chungha, I love you. Oh my god", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00120-00040328-00040544": "- She's so cool - She is! She's the best", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00121-00040556-00041106": "- I can't explain to you how much I anticipated watching this video  - Me too", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00122-00041174-00041402": "Coz when she released the...", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00123-00041438-00041574": "the video teaser", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00124-00041612-00041910": "- with the Lamborghini  - Yeah", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00125-00041958-00042066": "I was like", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00126-00042136-00042372": "I was like, 'Cami, I don't think...'", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00127-00042382-00042770": "'I don't think I can wait. I'm gonna have to watch it immediately when it comes out.'", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00128-00042788-00043034": "- But I waited  - But she held on a little", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00129-00043034-00043276": "- She was strong  - I was strong XD", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00130-00043302-00043542": "And this is still a pre-release", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00131-00043594-00043926": "- What do you have for us?  - You know what she said? She said on her--I think it was Vlive", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00132-00043936-00044632": "They really wanted to go ahead and do the title track already like earlier this year", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00133-00044662-00044954": "But then, they felt-- and she felt that", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00134-00044972-00045440": "It would be such a waste for the songs if they weren't promoted in this way", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00135-00045524-00046312": "And so, she wanted to do a proper... like, something proper, or to like, do justice for the song", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00136-00046312-00046528": "That's why she did two pre-releases", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00137-00046528-00046838": "- And she wanted to do a third pre-release  - My girl", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00138-00046838-00047186": "But then she said that it's most likely not gonna happen", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00139-00047256-00047596": "- I want a pre-release  - I will take all your pre-releases", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00140-00047624-00048412": "- And she said that the title track isn't going to be as flashy as \"Stay Tonight\" and... Play  - And this one?", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00141-00048438-00048602": "She said, her words,", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00142-00048602-00048852": "it's gonna be as simple as \"Gotta Go\"", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00143-00049200-00049576": "- I love \"Gotta Go\"! I play it in the bathroom  - Song of the Year!! Could have been", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00144-00049576-00049704": "oh my god", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00145-00049792-00050014": "I feel so cheated by everything", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00146-00050100-00050318": "Everyone loved that song", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00147-00050318-00050568": "- Everyone was singing and dancing-  - All the boys love that song", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00148-00050576-00050702": "I learned-- oh?", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00149-00050828-00051022": "[Too bad it's already 12 o'clock]", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00150-00051024-00051260": "[Clockk]", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00151-00051276-00051482": "[Real happiness]  [How is it already 12 o'clock]", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00152-00051491-00051667": "[Neee]", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00153-00051754-00052058": "- I learned of Chungha because of-  - Because of \"Gotta Go\"?", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00154-00052058-00052150": "\"Gotta Go\"", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00155-00052150-00052276": "For me it was \"Snapping\"", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00156-00052291-00052508": "I just wanna be her bestfriend so badly", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00157-00052626-00052782": "I don't know why but me too.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00158-00052791-00053088": "Right? She seems such like a fun person to hang out with", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00159-00053104-00053529": "- But she looks friendly. She looks like a social-butterfly-type of person - Yeah", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00160-00053529-00053844": "It must be hard if you're a social butterly and then you're a Kpop artist", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00161-00053855-00054350": "Like 'I wanna be friendly' but you can't because people be crazy", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00162-00054350-00054962": "- There are only very few Kpop idols who have that \"I can be friendly\" kind of card and it's mostly the foreigners  - Heechul", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00163-00055100-00055352": "- Jackson Wang! ...ah  - Female. Female Kpop idols", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00164-00055352-00055476": "Jessi", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00165-00055476-00055620": "Jessi, Amber,", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00166-00055700-00055846": "Ailee", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00167-00056002-00056254": "Chungha... she lived in America for four years", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00168-00056334-00056498": "And that's why she's here. jk", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00169-00056558-00056774": "I lived in America for four years", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00170-00056814-00056916": "That's why I'm here, man", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00171-00056948-00057124": "- Wait, we have to finish our drink before we end the video  - Okay, fine.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00172-00057129-00057336": "- Okay, down our drinks, okay? - Love you, Chungha", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00173-00057336-00057464": "- And...  - Cheers me.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00174-00057464-00057600": "- Oh, not yet - This is for...", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00175-00057608-00057691": "Chungha's...", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00176-00057746-00057972": "- second pre-release  - yaazz", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00177-00058484-00058602": "Yummy", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00178-00058629-00058898": "Doesn't taste like alcohol at all. It's like drinking juice", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00179-00058938-00059060": "We be screwed", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00180-00059155-00059508": "Kids, if you need to know something about hard drinks", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00181-00059508-00059708": "If you don't taste the alcohol", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00182-00059708-00059891": "- Run for your life  - (2)", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00183-00059994-00060222": "Coz that's when you know there's a lot of alcohol in it", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00184-00060284-00060458": "Anyway", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00185-00060491-00060717": "That is the end of our (how to be drinkers)", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00186-00060717-00060864": "this video", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00187-00060905-00061346": "We hope you enjoyed it because we enjoyed it and we enjoyed this drink called Bramble", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00188-00061482-00061638": "We'll see you in our next video", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00189-00061644-00062012": "don't forget to like and subscribe and ring that bell", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00190-00062014-00062305": "for more content from your favorite Twitter mutuals", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00191-00062458-00062579": "Byeee~", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00192-00062782-00062936": "So, let's introduce our drink first", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00193-00062960-00063128": "This is from 19P", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00194-00063155-00063624": "19P is a bar along Katipunan Avenue in Quezon City", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00195-00063672-00063928": "Owned by one of our good friends... but this drink", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00196-00063976-00064058": "So good", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00197-00064060-00064152": "It's really good", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00198-00064158-00064364": "- It's called \"Bramble\"  - Bramble", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00199-00064367-00064829": "It has gin, lemon, and I'm gonna butcher this name", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00200-00064829-00064996": "crème de mûre", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00201-00065064-00065164": "We'll put it here", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00202-00065208-00065472": "So, it's really good. We got it--", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00203-00065474-00065722": "This is not sponsored we paid for this", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00204-00065728-00065978": "- Support your friends' businesses  - Correct", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00205-00065978-00066140": "Especially during quarantine", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00206-00066182-00066278": "Okaaaay", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00207-00066278-00066414": "oookaaaaay", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00208-00066414-00066570": "Now we're gonna pour us some drinks", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00209-00066582-00066900": "- Yes  - So, okay. We shook this already. So...", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00210-00066938-00067092": "- Shook  - Shook. Yeah", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00211-00067092-00067246": "That is the past tense of shake!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00212-00067248-00067556": "'Shake well. Pour approximately 120 mL on the rocks.'", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00213-00067560-00068154": "I don't know how you expect me to know 120 mL, Marco, but... we're gonna do that", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00214-00068330-00068478": "This girl is already drunk", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00215-00068494-00068662": "This was already shaken", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00216-00068676-00069104": "Does it matter? Coz we're not mixing it so... why is there like--", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00217-00069104-00069414": "I don't know. We gotta follow his instructions coz he made this drink.", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00218-00069414-00069644": "That's not 120 milliliters, girl. That's--", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00219-00069646-00069896": "I don't know. Let it be", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00220-00069956-00070222": "It's so good. We're gonna link their instagram", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00221-00070224-00070604": "- And you can order. And our friend, yeah. Our friend delivers  - They deliver", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00222-00070644-00070984": "Lalamove... Grab, MrSpeedy... who else is there?", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00223-00071014-00071136": "Don't drink everyday", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00224-00071274-00071358": "I don't know~", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00225-00071402-00071864": "But yeah, we'll link their instagram and you can order from them and it'll be super fun", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00226-00071964-00072176": "Tag them in your stories, in your posts", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00227-00072184-00072528": "- It's an aunt-friendly drink  - Aunt-friendly!", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00228-00072694-00072930": "Certified by your favorite aunties on Twitter", "5qq7yCu9yCg-00229-00072982-00073216": "She's not drunk. She's just happy. ANYWAY"}}, {"audio_id": "5qJtLMRgwVu", "text": {"5qJtLMRgwVu-00000-00000000-00000200": "mobile game"}}, {"audio_id": "5qY_UOsF-mc", "text": {"5qY_UOsF-mc-00000-00000016-00000576": "welcome everybody welcome thanks for coming you've read all our stuff you know my sortino ratio", "5qY_UOsF-mc-00001-00001016-00001592": "proves that we get a higher rate of return with less downside ball", "5qY_UOsF-mc-00002-00002984-00004384": "how we avoided the xiv liquidation by selling our vix positions two weeks before everybody else did", "5qY_UOsF-mc-00003-00008984-00009200": "and you know who made sure we did that", "5qY_UOsF-mc-00004-00009384-00010336": "Fintechorama"}}, {"audio_id": "5r03ytndJ14", "text": {"5r03ytndJ14-00000-00000821-00001359": "I was concert master. It's a big leadership position so there", "5r03ytndJ14-00001-00001359-00001775": "was lots of pressure. If people asked me for like bowing questions or fingerings,", "5r03ytndJ14-00002-00001775-00002627": "I needed to be prepared. I've been playing the cello since first grade.", "5r03ytndJ14-00003-00002627-00003143": "I spent a big part of my life and starting from not knowing what I was doing just", "5r03ytndJ14-00004-00003143-00003552": "like having this tiny little cello. It's been a lot of work and a lot of careful", "5r03ytndJ14-00005-00003552-00004271": "learning and practicing to build up to where I am now. It's just like", "5r03ytndJ14-00006-00004271-00004644": "breathtaking because you know you did something magical for people to come", "5r03ytndJ14-00007-00004644-00005046": "see. An you know at our age it's like wow I got to play at the Ordway and not even", "5r03ytndJ14-00008-00005046-00005367": "most adults get to do that  - and we walk off we're all screaming because we were so", "5r03ytndJ14-00009-00005367-00006003": "excited.", "5r03ytndJ14-00010-00006003-00006540": "I thought that we were able to take a lot of the conductor's critiques during", "5r03ytndJ14-00011-00006540-00006870": "rehearsals and then I thought we really did a good job of taking that into the", "5r03ytndJ14-00012-00006870-00007598": "final performance. Our last piece was really fast-paced so being able to get", "5r03ytndJ14-00013-00007598-00008304": "through that whole thing just built up the excitement. With faster pieces I just", "5r03ytndJ14-00014-00008304-00008843": "get to move my fingers and really express how I feel while playing.", "5r03ytndJ14-00015-00008889-00009347": "Puzzle Pieces was the hardest piece because there was a lot of Thai", "5r03ytndJ14-00016-00009347-00009850": "signature changes and key signature changes that we had to do and we would", "5r03ytndJ14-00017-00009850-00010984": "play in the stop and play and stop. It was really just like professional", "5r03ytndJ14-00018-00010984-00011932": "environment and the like sound was amazing. It was really fun to sing in", "5r03ytndJ14-00019-00011932-00012316": "Portuguese it's a really fun language to sing in and it was really interesting to", "5r03ytndJ14-00020-00012316-00012646": "blend all the voices together because there are a lot of different harmonies", "5r03ytndJ14-00021-00012646-00012966": "in a lot of different parts.", "5r03ytndJ14-00022-00013260-00013663": "It's just like unreal the moment you finish that last note and you realize just", "5r03ytndJ14-00023-00013663-00013987": "what you've done and like all the effort that you've put into it you just feel", "5r03ytndJ14-00024-00013987-00014362": "that sense more like oh I've really accomplished something I've really I've", "5r03ytndJ14-00025-00014362-00014629": "really done it."}}, {"audio_id": "5rariNCGeqM", "text": {"5rariNCGeqM-00000-00000010-00000080": ">> Announcer: AND NOW YOUR LOCAL", "5rariNCGeqM-00001-00000080-00000086": ">> Announcer: AND NOW YOUR LOCAL", "5rariNCGeqM-00002-00000086-00000323": ">> Announcer: AND NOW YOUR LOCAL SPORTS WITH AJ FELDMAN.", "5rariNCGeqM-00003-00000323-00000330": ">> Announcer: AND NOW YOUR LOCAL SPORTS WITH AJ FELDMAN.", "5rariNCGeqM-00004-00000330-00000507": ">> Announcer: AND NOW YOUR LOCAL SPORTS WITH AJ FELDMAN. >> AJ: THE BEMIDJI FOOTBALL TEAM", "5rariNCGeqM-00005-00000507-00000513": "SPORTS WITH AJ FELDMAN. >> AJ: THE BEMIDJI FOOTBALL TEAM", "5rariNCGeqM-00006-00000513-00000670": "SPORTS WITH AJ FELDMAN. >> AJ: THE BEMIDJI FOOTBALL TEAM ONE GAME AWAY FROM THE PREP", "5rariNCGeqM-00007-00000670-00000677": ">> AJ: THE BEMIDJI FOOTBALL TEAM ONE GAME AWAY FROM THE PREP", "5rariNCGeqM-00008-00000677-00000904": ">> AJ: THE BEMIDJI FOOTBALL TEAM ONE GAME AWAY FROM THE PREP BOWL, THE ONLY TEAM IN THEIR", "5rariNCGeqM-00009-00000904-00000910": "ONE GAME AWAY FROM THE PREP BOWL, THE ONLY TEAM IN THEIR", "5rariNCGeqM-00010-00000910-00001244": "ONE GAME AWAY FROM THE PREP BOWL, THE ONLY TEAM IN THEIR WAY, UNDEFEATED ST. THOMAS", "5rariNCGeqM-00011-00001244-00001251": "BOWL, THE ONLY TEAM IN THEIR WAY, UNDEFEATED ST. THOMAS", "5rariNCGeqM-00012-00001251-00001307": "BOWL, THE ONLY TEAM IN THEIR WAY, UNDEFEATED ST. THOMAS CREDIT AND THEIR POWERFUL", "5rariNCGeqM-00013-00001307-00001314": "WAY, UNDEFEATED ST. THOMAS CREDIT AND THEIR POWERFUL", "5rariNCGeqM-00014-00001314-00001578": "WAY, UNDEFEATED ST. THOMAS CREDIT AND THEIR POWERFUL RUSHING ATTACK.", "5rariNCGeqM-00015-00001578-00001584": "CREDIT AND THEIR POWERFUL RUSHING ATTACK.", "5rariNCGeqM-00016-00001584-00001761": "CREDIT AND THEIR POWERFUL RUSHING ATTACK. LEADING BY FIVE, AND THEN", "5rariNCGeqM-00017-00001761-00001768": "RUSHING ATTACK. LEADING BY FIVE, AND THEN", "5rariNCGeqM-00018-00001768-00002035": "RUSHING ATTACK. LEADING BY FIVE, AND THEN BEMIDJI STRIKES, JACOB BEBERG", "5rariNCGeqM-00019-00002035-00002042": "LEADING BY FIVE, AND THEN BEMIDJI STRIKES, JACOB BEBERG", "5rariNCGeqM-00020-00002042-00002318": "LEADING BY FIVE, AND THEN BEMIDJI STRIKES, JACOB BEBERG SCRAMBLING AROUND AND HITS KADE", "5rariNCGeqM-00021-00002318-00002325": "BEMIDJI STRIKES, JACOB BEBERG SCRAMBLING AROUND AND HITS KADE", "5rariNCGeqM-00022-00002325-00002579": "BEMIDJI STRIKES, JACOB BEBERG SCRAMBLING AROUND AND HITS KADE PETERSON FOR THE 13-YARD SCORE", "5rariNCGeqM-00023-00002579-00002585": "SCRAMBLING AROUND AND HITS KADE PETERSON FOR THE 13-YARD SCORE", "5rariNCGeqM-00024-00002585-00002846": "SCRAMBLING AROUND AND HITS KADE PETERSON FOR THE 13-YARD SCORE AND BEMIDJI LEADS 7-5.", "5rariNCGeqM-00025-00002846-00002852": "PETERSON FOR THE 13-YARD SCORE AND BEMIDJI LEADS 7-5.", "5rariNCGeqM-00026-00002852-00003123": "PETERSON FOR THE 13-YARD SCORE AND BEMIDJI LEADS 7-5. CADETS NOW, BRENDAN MCFADDEN", "5rariNCGeqM-00027-00003123-00003129": "AND BEMIDJI LEADS 7-5. CADETS NOW, BRENDAN MCFADDEN", "5rariNCGeqM-00028-00003129-00003333": "AND BEMIDJI LEADS 7-5. CADETS NOW, BRENDAN MCFADDEN CAME INTO THE CAME WITH 34", "5rariNCGeqM-00029-00003333-00003339": "CADETS NOW, BRENDAN MCFADDEN CAME INTO THE CAME WITH 34", "5rariNCGeqM-00030-00003339-00003556": "CADETS NOW, BRENDAN MCFADDEN CAME INTO THE CAME WITH 34 TOUCHDOWNS ON THE YEAR AND SCORE", "5rariNCGeqM-00031-00003556-00003563": "CAME INTO THE CAME WITH 34 TOUCHDOWNS ON THE YEAR AND SCORE", "5rariNCGeqM-00032-00003563-00003853": "CAME INTO THE CAME WITH 34 TOUCHDOWNS ON THE YEAR AND SCORE NEXT ON A 71-YARD RUN AND THE", "5rariNCGeqM-00033-00003853-00003860": "TOUCHDOWNS ON THE YEAR AND SCORE NEXT ON A 71-YARD RUN AND THE", "5rariNCGeqM-00034-00003860-00004157": "TOUCHDOWNS ON THE YEAR AND SCORE NEXT ON A 71-YARD RUN AND THE CADETS SHOW THEY CAN PASS TOO,", "5rariNCGeqM-00035-00004157-00004164": "NEXT ON A 71-YARD RUN AND THE CADETS SHOW THEY CAN PASS TOO,", "5rariNCGeqM-00036-00004164-00004484": "NEXT ON A 71-YARD RUN AND THE CADETS SHOW THEY CAN PASS TOO, CHARLIE FAFINSKI TO JOE DEYAK,", "5rariNCGeqM-00037-00004484-00004491": "CADETS SHOW THEY CAN PASS TOO, CHARLIE FAFINSKI TO JOE DEYAK,", "5rariNCGeqM-00038-00004491-00004861": "CADETS SHOW THEY CAN PASS TOO, CHARLIE FAFINSKI TO JOE DEYAK, FOR A 57-YARD TOUCHDOWN, THE", "5rariNCGeqM-00039-00004861-00004868": "CHARLIE FAFINSKI TO JOE DEYAK, FOR A 57-YARD TOUCHDOWN, THE", "5rariNCGeqM-00040-00004868-00004991": "CHARLIE FAFINSKI TO JOE DEYAK, FOR A 57-YARD TOUCHDOWN, THE LUMBERJACKS SHOWED A LOT OF", "5rariNCGeqM-00041-00004991-00004998": "FOR A 57-YARD TOUCHDOWN, THE LUMBERJACKS SHOWED A LOT OF", "5rariNCGeqM-00042-00004998-00005298": "FOR A 57-YARD TOUCHDOWN, THE LUMBERJACKS SHOWED A LOT OF FIGHT IN THEM, IN THE FOURTH,", "5rariNCGeqM-00043-00005298-00005305": "LUMBERJACKS SHOWED A LOT OF FIGHT IN THEM, IN THE FOURTH,", "5rariNCGeqM-00044-00005305-00005548": "LUMBERJACKS SHOWED A LOT OF FIGHT IN THEM, IN THE FOURTH, CALEB GRANT MUSCLES HIS WAY", "5rariNCGeqM-00045-00005548-00005555": "FIGHT IN THEM, IN THE FOURTH, CALEB GRANT MUSCLES HIS WAY", "5rariNCGeqM-00046-00005555-00005739": "FIGHT IN THEM, IN THE FOURTH, CALEB GRANT MUSCLES HIS WAY THROUGH SOME ARM TACKLES FOR THE", "5rariNCGeqM-00047-00005739-00005745": "CALEB GRANT MUSCLES HIS WAY THROUGH SOME ARM TACKLES FOR THE", "5rariNCGeqM-00048-00005745-00005849": "CALEB GRANT MUSCLES HIS WAY THROUGH SOME ARM TACKLES FOR THE SCORE.", "5rariNCGeqM-00049-00005849-00005855": "THROUGH SOME ARM TACKLES FOR THE SCORE.", "5rariNCGeqM-00050-00005855-00006186": "THROUGH SOME ARM TACKLES FOR THE SCORE. AND ZACH JUSTICE MAKES A CUT AND", "5rariNCGeqM-00051-00006186-00006192": "SCORE. AND ZACH JUSTICE MAKES A CUT AND", "5rariNCGeqM-00052-00006192-00006342": "SCORE. AND ZACH JUSTICE MAKES A CUT AND LUNGS ACROSS THE TOUCHDOWN, BUT", "5rariNCGeqM-00053-00006342-00006349": "AND ZACH JUSTICE MAKES A CUT AND LUNGS ACROSS THE TOUCHDOWN, BUT", "5rariNCGeqM-00054-00006349-00006910": "AND ZACH JUSTICE MAKES A CUT AND LUNGS ACROSS THE TOUCHDOWN, BUT TIME RUNS OUT FOR BEMIDJI, FALL", "5rariNCGeqM-00055-00006910-00006916": "LUNGS ACROSS THE TOUCHDOWN, BUT TIME RUNS OUT FOR BEMIDJI, FALL", "5rariNCGeqM-00056-00006916-00007230": "LUNGS ACROSS THE TOUCHDOWN, BUT TIME RUNS OUT FOR BEMIDJI, FALL 33-21, OUTRUSHED 257 TO 97.", "5rariNCGeqM-00057-00007230-00007237": "TIME RUNS OUT FOR BEMIDJI, FALL 33-21, OUTRUSHED 257 TO 97.", "5rariNCGeqM-00058-00007237-00007490": "TIME RUNS OUT FOR BEMIDJI, FALL 33-21, OUTRUSHED 257 TO 97. BUT THE JACKS PLAYED A FULL FOUR", "5rariNCGeqM-00059-00007490-00007497": "33-21, OUTRUSHED 257 TO 97. BUT THE JACKS PLAYED A FULL FOUR", "5rariNCGeqM-00060-00007497-00008138": "33-21, OUTRUSHED 257 TO 97. BUT THE JACKS PLAYED A FULL FOUR QUARTERS NEVER SHOWING ANY QUIT.", "5rariNCGeqM-00061-00008138-00008144": "BUT THE JACKS PLAYED A FULL FOUR QUARTERS NEVER SHOWING ANY QUIT.", "5rariNCGeqM-00062-00008144-00008465": "BUT THE JACKS PLAYED A FULL FOUR QUARTERS NEVER SHOWING ANY QUIT. >> AND YOU CAN TELL THEY", "5rariNCGeqM-00063-00008465-00008471": "QUARTERS NEVER SHOWING ANY QUIT. >> AND YOU CAN TELL THEY", "5rariNCGeqM-00064-00008471-00008535": "QUARTERS NEVER SHOWING ANY QUIT. >> AND YOU CAN TELL THEY STUDIED.", "5rariNCGeqM-00065-00008535-00008541": ">> AND YOU CAN TELL THEY STUDIED.", "5rariNCGeqM-00066-00008541-00008691": ">> AND YOU CAN TELL THEY STUDIED. >> YOU ALWAYS PREACH", "5rariNCGeqM-00067-00008691-00008698": "STUDIED. >> YOU ALWAYS PREACH", "5rariNCGeqM-00068-00008698-00008895": "STUDIED. >> YOU ALWAYS PREACH TOGETHERNESS AND UNITY BUT THESE", "5rariNCGeqM-00069-00008895-00008902": ">> YOU ALWAYS PREACH TOGETHERNESS AND UNITY BUT THESE", "5rariNCGeqM-00070-00008902-00009132": ">> YOU ALWAYS PREACH TOGETHERNESS AND UNITY BUT THESE GUYS BELIEVED IT AND IF YOU WERE", "5rariNCGeqM-00071-00009132-00009139": "TOGETHERNESS AND UNITY BUT THESE GUYS BELIEVED IT AND IF YOU WERE", "5rariNCGeqM-00072-00009139-00009335": "TOGETHERNESS AND UNITY BUT THESE GUYS BELIEVED IT AND IF YOU WERE AROUND THEM FOR JUST A LITTLE", "5rariNCGeqM-00073-00009335-00009342": "GUYS BELIEVED IT AND IF YOU WERE AROUND THEM FOR JUST A LITTLE", "5rariNCGeqM-00074-00009342-00009529": "GUYS BELIEVED IT AND IF YOU WERE AROUND THEM FOR JUST A LITTLE WHILE, YOU KNEW THEY LOVED EACH", "5rariNCGeqM-00075-00009529-00009536": "AROUND THEM FOR JUST A LITTLE WHILE, YOU KNEW THEY LOVED EACH", "5rariNCGeqM-00076-00009536-00009809": "AROUND THEM FOR JUST A LITTLE WHILE, YOU KNEW THEY LOVED EACH OTHER AND IT WAS REALLY SPECIAL,", "5rariNCGeqM-00077-00009809-00009816": "WHILE, YOU KNEW THEY LOVED EACH OTHER AND IT WAS REALLY SPECIAL,", "5rariNCGeqM-00078-00009816-00009973": "WHILE, YOU KNEW THEY LOVED EACH OTHER AND IT WAS REALLY SPECIAL, IT DIDN'T SURPRISE ME THEY", "5rariNCGeqM-00079-00009973-00009979": "OTHER AND IT WAS REALLY SPECIAL, IT DIDN'T SURPRISE ME THEY", "5rariNCGeqM-00080-00009979-00010066": "OTHER AND IT WAS REALLY SPECIAL, IT DIDN'T SURPRISE ME THEY CONTINUED TO BATTLE.", "5rariNCGeqM-00081-00010066-00010073": "IT DIDN'T SURPRISE ME THEY CONTINUED TO BATTLE.", "5rariNCGeqM-00082-00010073-00010433": "IT DIDN'T SURPRISE ME THEY CONTINUED TO BATTLE. >> COMING OUT OF MY SOPHOMORE", "5rariNCGeqM-00083-00010433-00010440": "CONTINUED TO BATTLE. >> COMING OUT OF MY SOPHOMORE", "5rariNCGeqM-00084-00010440-00010627": "CONTINUED TO BATTLE. >> COMING OUT OF MY SOPHOMORE YEAR, PROVING THAT IF YOU WORK", "5rariNCGeqM-00085-00010627-00010633": ">> COMING OUT OF MY SOPHOMORE YEAR, PROVING THAT IF YOU WORK", "5rariNCGeqM-00086-00010633-00010790": ">> COMING OUT OF MY SOPHOMORE YEAR, PROVING THAT IF YOU WORK HARD, YOU CAN GET HERE AND"}}, {"audio_id": "5sdNXYUT6hA", "text": {"5sdNXYUT6hA-00000-00000000-00000091": "People of the", "5sdNXYUT6hA-00001-00000091-00000141": "MUM", "5sdNXYUT6hA-00002-00000208-00000380": "I set this golden gift from", "5sdNXYUT6hA-00003-00000914-00001473": "Soos. Soos! Soos. Soos! Soos. Soos!", "5sdNXYUT6hA-00004-00001598-00001742": "ZOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOS!!!!!!!!!", "5sdNXYUT6hA-00005-00001900-00001957": "Play ah", "5sdNXYUT6hA-00006-00001957-00002172": "SOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO", "5sdNXYUT6hA-00007-00002257-00002307": "ZOOS!!!!!", "5sdNXYUT6hA-00008-00002324-00002538": "YOUR SON HAS RETURNED!!!!!", "5sdNXYUT6hA-00009-00002556-00002712": "Ị̸͇̻̲̺̪͓̰̭̗͗͛ ̴̢̛͓̺̬̅̂̅́B̵̡̛͍̲̘̟̼̺̤̫̪͚̙͚͕͕̂̀͋R̶͎͓̬͎̈̋̍̿̈́̈́̌́͝͝I̴̜̫͎̤͕̙͐̋̎̅́̃̀̈́̏̅̀̏͜͜ͅǸ̷͙̲͓̹̻̥̳͇G̴̨̳̳̙̥̗̗̙̓͑͠ ̵̢̡̤͓̮̏̀͠T̶̡̛̗̞͔̝̃̐H̴̡̨̢̢̜̞͈̖̗͕̺̾̒Ẽ̵̘̗̥̭̥͍͝ ̷̩̬̫̪͖̼̰̭̟͘D̴̨̡̛͍̗̭̘͈͕̠̭̩̯̖͒͆̃͛͊̀̇͂̀̕̚̚̚͠Ẽ̶̡̳̤̻̱̣̰̑̈́͌̍̅̊̐̃͂̚S̶̨̝̝̟̳̞̘̯̠̲̪͇͍̘̭̈́̏̂͗̎͌T̵̛̫̾̄̈́̑̌̈̈́̊͑͗̈́R̸̲̝͙̒́͜Ǔ̶͙̤͍̜̗̫͑̍̿̍̈́̔̿̀͜͝Ç̴̜͓̠͈̼͈̞̐̓̎̓̽́̈́̚Ţ̶͖̰̻̳͓̱͇̘͎͇͍̰͙̍̓̎̈́̆́̚͜İ̶̡̗̗̼̪͖͇͔͕͐̀̈̌̀͌̐̾̀̾Ö̴̡̭̭̤̮͈̰͉̼͓̬́̈́̈́͜N̸̡̧̛̫̘̼̻̰̥̘̔͆̈́̔̅́̔̆̓́̇̐̕", "5sdNXYUT6hA-00010-00002733-00002910": "Ǫ̶̧̧̧̢̢̛̜̰̺̳͈̦̠͕̟̬͓̝̩̖͈̣͇̯̲͉̤̤̺͚̻͍̺̭̦̲̯͓̲̻̠̝̤̻̫̤͖̱̻̫̿͒̎̀͆̂͒͐̓̆̄́̂͂͊͂̎͊̀̇͗̑̏̀̀̋̊̎͛̊́̍̋͆͂̂̆̇̓̚̕̚͝͝͝͝͝ͅͅͅF̷̧̨̡̨̡̢̢̢̨̢̢̡̨̨̨̧̨̨̢̡̛̩̰̺͖͈̠̲̦̘̩͓͍̼̤̰͇͓̫̖͚̦̘̱͓̬̦̭̻̺̗̱̻͈͚͇̪̭̬͕̼̤̜͍̩͍̞̬͕̹̪̫͉͍̘̪̺̗̪̗̭̮͚̭͔͓̲̝̱̗͓͙̬͕͍̺̩̤̳̰͙̼͈̗̟̲͉̪̘̘̙̜͕̝̲̙̲̲̜̩̥̼͚͕͈̮͕̼͎̫͉̞̦̼͖̪̙̩͎͔̰̪̯̦̙̦͇̼̖̤̥̼͚̰̙͔͙͇̦̭̥̤̺̹͕̺̳̹͍̰̘̻̰̩̰̘̭̖̰͉̠͚̭͎͍͇̠͔̟̲͉̦̤̱̤̲̥͓͑̾̑̐̍́͊̍͒̽̀͐̈̈́̑̾͒̒͆̾̓̋̎̔͗̀̈́̈́͐̏̒͛̀̅͑̇̄̀̇̾̔̿͋̀̀̏͂̓̎̔̔̍͌́̊̽̃̀̽̂̓̃́̕͘͜͜͝͝͝ͅͅ ̶̨̢̡̢̨̡̡̨̧̢̢̡̧̛̛̹̜̩̣͖͇̫̲̹̹̥͍̺̣̠̦͎̝̭̭̭̯̬͖̜̤̮̹͙̬͍̗͚̘̮͔̠͖̥̹͎̠̤̭̤̭͇̰͕̬̬͙̦͈̫̹͎͇̹̲̖͙͉̻̪͓̦͇̭͓̼̭̜̞͖͉̱͇͙̪̝͉̼̥̣̟͍͈̼̪̱̬͈̝̺̘̞̾͗̒̇̆̒̊̅̐̅͐͐̅̀̈́͂̂͆̀̌̐̔̋̑͋̾͆̋̀̿̐̀̎̀̊̃͐̒̋̃̅̾̏͋͂̅͒̉͋̂̄̍̅̀̐̓͌̿̑͂͌͒̽̈̀̿͑͗̔̅̍̀̏̓̀͆̑̊͗͒̀̐̓̓͑̋̈́́̀̓̂̀̇̾̂̈̈́̔̈̋̔̀̈̔͗̎̈́̎̋͒̈́͗̈͌̏̔̋͒̄͛̐̍͘̕͘͘̕̚̚͜͜͝͝͠͝ͅͅƠ̷̧̧̨̡̢̨̡̨̨̨̡̡̡̢̡̨̛̯̳̜̥̼̻͈̬̜͓̜̱̘͓͇͚̫̜̤̫̮͙͍͕̼̳̲̪͈̺̲̲̜̫̰͙̘͙̞̣͓̪̭̹̪͈̪͇̲̦̳̭͈͇̜̗̣̟͔̬̣͍̬͖̤͓̠͇̫̠̺̳̣̭͈̥̩̺̠͉̤̞̘̦̲͎͉̖̺͈̭̙̝͎͈̠̩̗̠͕͕̜̙͚̳̖̠̱̼̗̱̣͙͔̠͕̜̺͙̺̜̥͉͓͎̣̺͓̞̱̫̝͍̖̬͖̇͛̂̄̔̀̔̾͆́͆̆͒̂̎̿̍͂̓̈́̿̌̽͋͂͗͐͋͛̇̂̃͋̎͒͂͑̒̔͆́̏̎͒̒̅͊̾͌̅̍͂̀̓̊͆̿̑̓̌̾̏̽́̑̽̀̈́̉́̈́̀͒̒̆͊̽̽͐́͌̒͐̋̆̎̇̿́̚̚͘͘̚̕̕̕̚͜͜͜͠͝͝͝͝͝͝͝ͅͅͅͅL̵̡̨̡̡̢̧̨̡̨̧̢̧̡̨̡̢̧̢̧̢̛̛̛͎̘̝̙̻̣͍͉͉̜͕̞̯̼͇̥̣̼̬͕͖͍̜̭͓̘̘̬̜̜̠̖̜̰̺̜̩̲͖͎̬͚͖̰͚̥̪̦̥̖͔̦̲̻͕̗̼̗͓͙̦͇̹̙̩̪͙͓̳̬̫͔̩̹̹̠͎͇͍̮̖̳͓̜̰͉̯̜͎̤̩̬̳͙̫̫̗̝͓̩̹͕͎̣̬̫̦̤̻̼̖̠̠͈̤̹͇̗̼̩͚̝̪͓͇͈̦̩̠̰̲͈̟͖̲̬̬̲̈́̓̓̈͆͑̊̿̈́̒͒̄͊͛́̓̑̾̈́͗̒́̋̑̃̈́͛̍̎̔͋͗͑͋͋͌̎̆́̒̈́̿͋̍̎̀̀́̾̓̓̎̀̑̑̌͗̐̋̉͘̕̕̕̚͘͘͘͘͜͜͜͜͜͝͝ͅͅͅY̶̧̧̧̡̢̡̨̢̡̨̧̨̢̧̡̧̢̢̡̨̧̢̡̛͔̪͈̳̥͙̻̹͙̜͔͔͍͚͎̭̜͇̠̫͔̪̦̙͎̜̝̥̱͍̭̥̯̘̻̱̖̥͕͍̩͔̹͙̰̜͙̼̻̭̣̺̱̟̱̭̯̪͚̩̙̩̠̮̣͈̪͖̰̮̟̹̘̙̫̣̹̩͇̮͖͙͕͚̩͕̣͙͚̠̖̪̠̺̗̼͚̦̠͎̲̳̣̦̲͇̲̼͙͔̣̯̜̝̦̟̜͚̗͔̩͓͚̣͓̪͍͎̲̜̭̦͈̣̱̜͚͚̙͙̩̪͓̙̜̦̪͔̗͎̦͉̲͙͈̺̜̙̘̝̹̜̣̻̞̭̹̜͚͙̥̬͍͚̤̬̠̳̬̞͇̼̪̭͉̖̯̟̠̲̫̩͊͑̓̄͜͜͜͜ͅͅͅͅͅͅͅͅḾ̴̡̛̛̛̛̛̛̰̩̝̟̥̍͂̒̀̔̃̽̒͒̑̆͋̏͋̓͋̆̀̈͆̂̈́̿̓͂͒̾͒̎̊̾̂͒̇̏͗̀̑̿̒̈́̋͗̓̓͒͌̔̔̋̀̿̈́̀̾̔͊͒͌́̿̿̍̈́͋̍̎̂̆̒̀͌͌̀̃͒̓͗̆̈́̔̽̅͗̎̊͒́̏̋͐̋̅͐̈̈̑̈̓̀͌̑͐̽͆̽̓̂̆͊̈̇̈́̽̎͛̈́͑̊͋͋̈͑͗͒̓͂̈̇̃̓̈̀̎͊͛̋̃̐͋͒̍͂͌̔̈́͂͒̏͊̒̎͑̄̆͌̂͒̄̈́̀̒̔̓̿̓̀͛̿̉̅͊̈́̿̀͋͗̓́̾̈̎͋̂̐̑̿̓̃̑̐̉͛̓̇̎̉̈̕̚̚͘̚̕̚̕͘̕̕̕̚̚͘̚͜͝͝͝͝͝͝͝͝͠͠͝͝͝͝͠͝͝͝͠͝P̷̢̡̧̡̧̡̡̡̡̢̧̢̢̨̡̡̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̦̘̱̜̮̘̫͙͎̘̰̬̜̝̖̯̻̮̪͎̙̩̠͕͎̻̯͍̱͉̞̜͓̤̰͍̹͚̞̬̲̻͍̳̟̟͙̳̖̦̺̘͍̺̭̭͇̙͇̦̺̳̭̟͕̤͈̩͖̜̮̹̞̩̲͇͚̼̫̻͈̲͚̠̳̹͙͙͖͚̼͇̫͓͍̹̠͖͕̹̲̯̯̳͇͖̠̟͔͕̖̗̟̱͖̪̗̹̯̤̺͎̫̰̬̲̦̬̗̳̗͉̣͈̹̼̯̻͈͕̣̤̤͕̮̫͔̯̩̜͚̩̺͇̯̥̥͉̠̣̯͎͈̳͍̺͔̤̥̪̺͓͙̟̙̱̙̩̺̼̩̓͗̊͆̎̉̽̿̓̓̏̔̾͐͆͑́̐̂̃̅̋̎͂̀̈́̊̑̑̈́͆̐̎̉̌̎̉̈̒͊̓̓̊̿͊̂̀͒͒̈́́͗̀̓̿͑͐̒͗̆́̈̈́̀̌̈̍́̓͆̿̊̔̿́̊̀̀̀́̒̌̎͒͗̐̓̅͒̋̉̊̓̂̑̏̈́́͗͑́͌́́́̉̆̀͑̈́̀̀̑̾̈́̏̀̋̊̾̽̏̉̓̀̂͗̑̄̂͋̽́̋̍̍̒͌́̔͐͆̑̑̉͋̓̾̈̔̄̾̂̈́̑̉̽̍͊̀̉̄̈́̊̾̋̍̿̆͊͗̑̿͘̕͘̚̕̚̚̚̚͘̚̚͘͘̕͜͜͜͜͝͝͝͠͝͝ͅͅƯ̸̡̧̡̢̡̨̢̨̧̢̡̡̡̡̢̢̛̛̛̛̗̝̤̻͎̯̘͓̜̭̝͖̟͓̰͕̯͚͕̼̞͙͍̳̤͓̱͔͈̲̱̪͎̼̻̖̯̤͇͕͉̩̩̙̭͇̙̙͉͕̺̦̮͚͎̤̺̻̱̤̦̞̤͖͔̪͈̫̪̪͈̮̪̬͇̘̭̞͖̣͇͕͕̗͉͇͚̰̺̝̰͍̝̭̦̩̱̪̖̝̝̣̭̦̜̥̤̈̐͛̏̎̑̋̐͛̂͊͛̐̆͒̐̓̑͑́̅͐̀̀̀̔͒͛̍́̍̓̿͛͌̏͊̾̀́̃̍́͑͐͌͋̌̈́͑̒̍̇̔̽̃͊̅̂̎͌̍̈̈́̏͋́̾͛̋͑̓̔̅̂͊̒̑̅̿̀̄̆̏̆̆͗̒̽̇͛́̊́̆̓̾̓̑̆̂́͐̋̇̈́̿̈́̋̉̌͌̿̉͒̌̍́́͐̂̓̓͛̏̀̓̃̋̊̀̎̆̋̔͛̔̅̓̿̊̈́͗̓̓̈́͋̓̀́͗̄͒̍́̌͊̀̔͋̑͑̈́̽͑̍̐̊͛̅̌̓̽̃̽͐̂͆̂͊̉͂̾̒͊̅̾̓̿͒͌̑̔̃́̿̆̈̊̋̐̇͗̏͑̈́̌́̾̔̀̄͊́́̍̍̌̚̚͘̚̚͘͘̚̚̚̚̕̚̕̕̕̕͝͝͝͠͝͝͝͝͝͝͠͠͠͠͠ͅͅͅS̴̨̢̡̨̡̨̡̧̜̰̭̮͕͕̜͎̣̦̘͖̩̜̦͔̰͕͖̱̺̼̠͙̜̜̮̱͈̦͎͇͖̤̱̟̮̖̝̻̼̝̙̹̱͔̦̲͎̣̜̼͍̟̩͙͖̝̭̲̱̲̙̺̞̦͖̫̺͇̱̦͍̤̥̬̼̪̹̻͉̝̩͎͚͍̥͔̤̠̹̹̺̰̪͖̻̦̥͙͙̱͍̮̺͖̠̞̪̭͖͈̫̱͓͎̘̱̺͔̻̥̩̬̜̠̦̘̼͕͇̠̓̇̉̍̀̓̈̏̎̔͒͗͊̄̄̈͌̆͛̾̒͐̍̋̈̒̀̀͌́̈̀̄̈́̿͂́͛͆̂̎̈́̊̄̅̇̓̂̏͌͑̽̔̏̆̐̋̐͋̀͒̉͌̾̆̀̀͒́̅͘̕̚̚͘͜͜͜͠͝͝͝͝͝͠͝͠ͅͅͅͅ!̷̢̡̨̧̛̛͇̥͓̰͕̹͖̻̬̦̜͎̻̼͎͉̗͔͖̫͖̝̮̙̣̲̤̯̬̦̙̜̣͚͖̠͉̰̩̀̓͛͛̒̆͆͌̇̾̑͌̒́̏͊̊̀͗͆̏́͊̓͆̇͛͐̔̒̐͗̃͋̏̊̒͆̎̑͐̄͑͑̈́̏͌̀͂́̊̔̊̌̽̚͘̕̚̕͠͝͝͠͝͠͝ͅ!̴̨̡̨̡̨̧̡̢̨̡̧̡̨̢̧̡̢̨̧̢̧̧̨̨̨̡̛̛̛̛̮̞̮͚̖̮̥̯̖̖̰̠͓̼̹̙̯͖͓̠̝̮̻̖̜̰̻͖͔̺͚̳͍̦͙̮̮̜̯͍̳̱͎͚̘̰͓̦̹̤͚͎̮̣̺̗̺͉̩̘̙͕̟̭͇̦̩̯͙̠͚͇͉̰̮̝̼͚̪̻̥͚͇͉͈̠̫̪̤̺̭̣͖̹̦̦͎͍͚̤̙̮̘͎͕̮̜͔̦̟̥̳̣̮̯̟̙͚̬̪͍̹͇̩̬̘̠͓̟͍̻̪͙͖͔̣̰̰͈̘͖̹̻̯̳͎͍͓͎̖̱̮̫̞̠̜̤͓̗̹̹̠͙̼̲̦̖̩̺̰͎͎̘̭̼͕̮̫̺̞͚͎͔̭̹͕̜̗̻̟̖̫͔̥̻̮̗̪͓̣͉̪̜̠̪̮̖̝̟̙͎͈͎̥͚̣͔͕͕̫̻̱̬̣̠̺̥͓̱̖̻̪͓͎͒̈́̉̐̐̐͒̎͐͊̀̋͌̀͋̊͆͗̇͌̂̀̌̏͛̐̑͑̍̽͂̒̆̏̏̇͂̃͗̈́̌͊̐̚̚̚̚͜͜͜͜͜͜͜͜͜͜͜͠͝͝ͅ!̵̛͇̘͙̘̜̔̀̌̽̏͊͆͛̾͗̄̅͆̂̈́̐̈́̅̎̽̌͗̄͌̂̃͂̉̑̋̃͋̔̅̑͑͂̒̓̊̌́̌͒̔͆͊̌͗͑̓̿͂̉̉̋̎͒͑̄̎̎͊̽͌͛̿̈̍̅́́̎̍̅̌͐̇̏̉̅̽͌́̈́̃̎̇̾͐̀̀̍͋͌̊̈́͆̏̉̍͌̍̓̄͂̆̀̒̈̇̎̀͛̈̍̄͊̌̂̏͛̅̎̾́́̈̎̾̈̋̈͊̕͘̕̕̕͘̕̚͘͘͘͘͘͘̚̚͘̚͝͝͠͝͝͝͠͠͠͝͝͝͠!̶̢̧̢̡̡̡̢̧̡̧̧̡̛̛̛̪̤͚̣̪̫̟̯̮̞̣͉̹̩̮̠̼̺̳̟̰̲̹̻̲̻͎̗̖̖̫̤͈̻̳̳͓̩̬̖̙̳͍̰̟̩̬̗̺̦̤͙͉͈̝͙̼͚̬͍̮̟̱͙͔͍͇̠̤̭̝̺͙̦͓͓̩͎̮͙͙̟͙̰̣̳͙̻͕͔͍̤̹͔̙̲̘̹͔̮̼͙̲̻͖͔̜̥̙̮͙̱͔̮͖̭̝̥͔͖̖̦͓̜̐́͒̈͑͊͊̌͋̊̔͆͋̿̈́͊͆͋̿͛͋̌̈́̓͊̾̑̏̂̍̋̊̉͌͂̋̑̈͒̈͒̉̇̈́̾̌͊́̽̀̀͆̈̽̅̄̑̓͋̅̑̄̐̋͒͆̂̊̓͆̋̈́͗́̂͑͗́̏͊̀̾͂̊͛͐̒̕͘̚̚͘͜͜͜͝͝͝͠͝ͅͅͅͅͅͅͅ!̵̨̧̢̨̧̨̧̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̼̼͉͇͔̝͔͔̥͙̱̰̮͍̟̟͉̰̮͚̞͈̰̦̰͖̟̻̙͍̜̤̻̬̦̲̫͍̣̙̪̱̤̜͚̥͈̠͎̭̼̹̜̲̼̼̖̠͚̰̬͎̩̣͈͚̳̳̣̘̰͙̤̖̳̣̼̫̬̦͖̘̘͇̺̥͔͙͍͍̙̝̟̈́̆͋̐̎͛̆̀̄̅́͆͋̓̈́́̽́̃̀͐̀̍̏̈́͊̿͂́̈́̈́̀͗̌͂̃̐̓̑̇̿̋͌̈̊̿̉̀̓͆̎̈̓̿͛̏̆̌̓́̎̓̈́̏̓̐̉̌̈́̃̿̈́̀̔͐̏̓̃͆̈́́̋̐̈́̍͊͛͗͊͋̂̌́̌̏̉̊͂̎̃̏̎̿̎́̆̉͑̉̌͆͋̈́̎̓͐̽̅̌͊̓̀̀́̉͊̐̀̚̕͘̚̕̕̚̚͜͜͝͝͝͠͝͝͠͠͝͝ͅ!̵̢̢̨̧̧̡̧̧̧̢̢̧̧̢̧̡̨̨̧̧̢̨̧̛̛̛̤͇͙̝͎̩͖̫͉̬̺͔͖͉̻͚̻̠̜̬̗̖̬̯̲̪̘̫̼͕͍̦̤͓͈̱͚̝̘̣̹̱̘͚͖͍͕͉̥̺͈͙̗̰̜̲̥̩̹͕͔͈̞̞̼͉̯̟̭̘̰͔̥͎͍͙͔͕͚̠̩̘͇̘͔͎̮͙̞̝͎̳̲͕̞̮̟̳̬̩͕͖͔̫̩̳̘̣͖̬͓̦̝̙̙̲̹̠̩͕̥̖̞̹̣̱̜̼̯̬̙̞̲̭͕̲͓̖͈̯̖̹̣̠̦̰̲̖̥̜͍̮̼̼͍̯͙͚̩̞̘̮̖̭̠̤̙̻̼͚̰̹̱͙͇͉̘̦̤͙͉̱̻͚̰̖̺͙͔͓̺͚͇̣̬͖͍͖̜̹͕̥̯͈̯̣̣͖͙̩̬͎͙̼̣̗͙̯̤͇̲̙͈̩͈̱̝͕͎̙̜͚͍͚̜̗͙̃̎̍̿͗͐̐̃̇̓͌̈́͑̉͊̐͋̿͊̈́̒̀̿̌̏͛̀͒̊̊̑̈́̌̈́͂̆́̓̃̅̒́̆̓́͐̈͐̍̍͑̔̑̐̔͐́͒̀̾̋̍͒͐̀̐͛̂̂͌̈́̈̅͛̓́͐̈̅͊̀̈̋̓͗̀̎̀͌̏̆̃̄̾͛̈́̈́́̽̆̈́͘̚̚̕͘͘̕̕͘͜͜͜͜͜͜͜͜͝͝͠͠͠͠͝ͅͅͅͅ!̵̡̨̢̢̨̡̢̢̨̢̨̨̢̡̢̧̧̢̢̢̧̛̛̫͉̱̥̰̱͓͚͓̭͇͎̣̟̲̭̜̼͍̗̰̠̱̞̘͚͔̙͈̰͓̥̹͙̯͓̩̪̱̠͖̰͚̤̘̥̘͕͔̱̳̠̙̱̯̩̗͈̳͇̰̭͖͓̭̦͓̰̥͍͖̝̲̠̝̩̩͍̥͙͉͔̜̳͖̳͎̗̻̘̣̜̱̺͎̮̮̭̗͈̗͉̗̥̯͎͚̖̗͙̳̘̜̩̗̙͎̟̱̜̮͙̦͔͚͔̩̤͚̙̬͚͉̭̙͈̣̞̩̤̠͚̯̦̝͇̳̜͖̝͔̬̘̏͐̈́̐̌̐̅̽͂̉͗̉͌̂̏̇̽͋̿̓̑̂̈́̆̀̓͒͛́̊̽͑̃͋͂̓͒͛̀̿̍̓͊̾͐͐̎̊͂̊̀̿̿̄̾͒͑̋̀̂̆̏́̔̈́̃̍̇͗̀́͑̏̋̌̐́̈́̏́́̀̓̍̍̽͛́̑́͑͋͂̏̑̓̍͗̆̕̕̚̕͘͘̕̚͘̕͜͜͜͜͜͜͜͜͠͝͝͠͠͝͝͝͠͝͝͝͝͠ͅͅͅͅͅ", "5sdNXYUT6hA-00011-00003000-00003200": "CUNCHIKUMAAALEEEEEEEEEEeeeee", "5sdNXYUT6hA-00012-00003283-00003419": "*EXPLOSION*", "5sdNXYUT6hA-00013-00003491-00003652": "Original edited clip of Puss in Boot: The Last Wish made by: Vo Memes"}}, {"audio_id": "5sgYVcfUvx0", "text": {"5sgYVcfUvx0-00000-00000960-00001209": "You should replace the SONNET microphone cover", "5sgYVcfUvx0-00001-00001229-00001626": "if it appears dirty or if you notice a change in sound quality.", "5sgYVcfUvx0-00002-00001646-00002065": "You should change the cover every 3 months for the best sound quality.", "5sgYVcfUvx0-00003-00002141-00002503": "To replace the microphone cover, remove the earhook.", "5sgYVcfUvx0-00004-00003007-00003345": "Pull the microphone cover off the control unit from the front", "5sgYVcfUvx0-00005-00003365-00003603": "using your fingernail.", "5sgYVcfUvx0-00006-00003801-00004286": "Insert the pins of the new microphone cover into the recesses in the control unit.", "5sgYVcfUvx0-00007-00004314-00004628": "Make sure both pins are in the control unit.", "5sgYVcfUvx0-00008-00004648-00005035": "Carefully snap the microphone cover onto the control unit.", "5sgYVcfUvx0-00009-00005105-00005432": "Re-attach the earhook and use to the earhook pin", "5sgYVcfUvx0-00010-00005452-00005690": "to lock the earhook in place."}}, {"audio_id": "5sl9DJliyvg", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "5soBa77oOjM", "text": {"5soBa77oOjM-00000-00000115-00000354": "I have conducted an ethnographic fieldwork", "5soBa77oOjM-00001-00000370-00000616": "in a public school", "5soBa77oOjM-00002-00000628-00001058": "in a reception class, with children aged 7 - 9", "5soBa77oOjM-00003-00001090-00001396": "I now have a lot of empirical material to analyze", "5soBa77oOjM-00004-00001420-00002050": "I have fieldnotes, sound recordings, some photos etc.", "5soBa77oOjM-00005-00002090-00002546": "I have a question to you, and I need your help", "5soBa77oOjM-00006-00002576-00002990": "I am going to do a 'traditional' ethnographic analysis ..", "5soBa77oOjM-00007-00003016-00004070": ".. where you mostly use language as a tool, using codes, categories, etc.", "5soBa77oOjM-00008-00004090-00004424": "I would like to use some other methods as well", "5soBa77oOjM-00009-00004452-00004680": "One method, I would like to try is", "5soBa77oOjM-00010-00004680-00005310": "to use my own body as an analytical tool", "5soBa77oOjM-00011-00005310-00005438": "What does that mean?", "5soBa77oOjM-00012-00005438-00005896": "It means that I for example listen to a sound recording", "5soBa77oOjM-00013-00005896-00006186": "of children eating fruit during the morning break", "5soBa77oOjM-00014-00006214-00006852": "By listening to this recording, in a large room, with space for movement", "5soBa77oOjM-00015-00006852-00007126": "I am going to do a video recording of my movements", "5soBa77oOjM-00016-00007148-00007684": "This way, I am using my body as an analytical tool", "5soBa77oOjM-00017-00007686-00008212": "in the sense that I listen to the sound from my field recording, and move my body accordingly", "5soBa77oOjM-00018-00008212-00008840": "I want to do this, firstly because I am interested in movement as a phenomenon", "5soBa77oOjM-00019-00008862-00009490": "Secondly, I think that by starting the analysis by", "5soBa77oOjM-00020-00009508-00009772": "applying terms, codes and categories", "5soBa77oOjM-00021-00009772-00009916": "there are many important things left out", "5soBa77oOjM-00022-00009916-00010212": "So my question to you is:", "5soBa77oOjM-00023-00010228-00010858": "Do you know of anyone who has worked with a similar approach?", "5soBa77oOjM-00024-00010874-00011352": "Someone who has used movement, maybe dance,  or choreography", "5soBa77oOjM-00025-00011370-00011754": "with the analysis of ethnographic data?", "5soBa77oOjM-00026-00011754-00011936": "... or something along these lines", "5soBa77oOjM-00027-00011936-00012074": "Thanks!", "5soBa77oOjM-00028-00012092-00012392": "You might wonder why I am stading here..", "5soBa77oOjM-00029-00012392-00012564": "I am in the Winter Bath", "5soBa77oOjM-00030-00012602-00012802": "I've just been to the sauna and I'm feeling great", "5soBa77oOjM-00031-00012802-00012986": "It's a snowstorm", "5soBa77oOjM-00032-00013010-00013232": "My point by choosing this place is that it makes sense", "5soBa77oOjM-00033-00013232-00013502": "as a place to ask this question about the body and", "5soBa77oOjM-00034-00013516-00013763": "what the body can do,  and so on.", "5soBa77oOjM-00035-00013772-00014122": "Thanks for listening and watching", "5soBa77oOjM-00036-00014169-00014512": "I hope you will share your knowledge", "5soBa77oOjM-00037-00014518-00014688": "Now, I'll jump into the water"}}, {"audio_id": "5st6fM49J-Y", "text": {"5st6fM49J-Y-00000-00000072-00000636": "In this short video, you will learn how to find databases from the Sacred Heart University Library’s website.", "5st6fM49J-Y-00001-00000819-00001592": "Databases contain published articles from journals, newspapers and magazines, as well as reference materials, reports and other documents.", "5st6fM49J-Y-00002-00001618-00002524": "The SHU Library provides access both to general and multidisciplinary databases, and to databases specific to a particular subject or field of study.", "5st6fM49J-Y-00003-00002616-00003008": "You can access the databases from the library’s website in a couple of ways.", "5st6fM49J-Y-00004-00003048-00003540": "One way is to look at all our databases in the Databases A-Z section.", "5st6fM49J-Y-00005-00003596-00004010": "Simply click the “Databases A-Z” link in the “Search” dropdown menu.", "5st6fM49J-Y-00006-00004118-00004810": "This allows you to browse all our databases alphabetically and can be a quick way to find a familiar database that you know.", "5st6fM49J-Y-00007-00004958-00005436": "The other way to find databases is through the Databases by Subject section.", "5st6fM49J-Y-00008-00005468-00006026": "Simply click the “Databases by Subject” link in the “Research Support” dropdown menu.", "5st6fM49J-Y-00009-00006140-00006778": "This page allows you to browse by subject or discipline, such as Business, Education or Health Sciences.", "5st6fM49J-Y-00010-00006820-00007328": "There are subject categories representing all of the fields of study at Sacred Heart University.", "5st6fM49J-Y-00011-00007416-00008022": "Looking at our databases in this way makes it easier for you to choose the most appropriate databases for your research.", "5st6fM49J-Y-00012-00008274-00008852": "For assistance with searching the databases or with any other questions, feel free to contact us at the library!"}}, {"audio_id": "5tpdDShbt_g", "text": {"5tpdDShbt_g-00000-00000000-00004050": "🌟 🇺🇸 Costume Koschey the Immortal — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "5tuW7dPGofy", "text": {"5tuW7dPGofy-00000-00000080-00000712": "Hi. I've decided to make a video for your class. In this video I will remind you how to get to the", "5tuW7dPGofy-00001-00000712-00001472": "library's homepage from the campus homepage, how to find our resources, and how to search", "5tuW7dPGofy-00002-00001472-00002048": "a database using a simple keyword search and then limit your results by date and also by", "5tuW7dPGofy-00003-00002048-00002616": "the type of article so scholarly, newspaper, or magazine article. So let's get started.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00004-00002768-00003472": "I am on the college's homepage. I'm going to click Quick Links and then go to Library & Chat.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00005-00003640-00004176": "If you forget about everything that we're doing right now except that if you can get", "5tuW7dPGofy-00006-00004176-00004680": "to the library's homepage and click on the link to our chat widget I will be very happy", "5tuW7dPGofy-00007-00004680-00005080": "because there will be someone able to help you until 10 o'clock at night most nights.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00008-00005208-00005640": "So here we are on the library's homepage. We're going to be working in our research", "5tuW7dPGofy-00009-00005640-00006168": "databases today. So you can click straight on the Research Databases link", "5tuW7dPGofy-00010-00006168-00006840": "and look at our alphabetical list but because of your class, I've created a research guide,", "5tuW7dPGofy-00011-00006936-00007472": "which is a webpage, all about doing research related to gender roles, which is the topic that", "5tuW7dPGofy-00012-00007472-00008016": "you're researching for your class. So I recommend that you go here and the link is up here and I've", "5tuW7dPGofy-00013-00008016-00008584": "also shared it with your professor. You'll also see the link to the chat widget on every page.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00014-00008768-00009504": "So if I go to the Find Articles tab what I'm going to see is a list of databases that we recommend", "5tuW7dPGofy-00015-00009504-00009744": "students use when doing research on gender roles.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00016-00009872-00010176": "The one I'm going to use first is called Academic Search Complete.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00017-00010680-00011144": "And it is the Super Walmart of databases. It has a little bit of everything. A little bit", "5tuW7dPGofy-00018-00011144-00011440": "of every discipline. A little bit of every type of article.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00019-00011624-00012072": "One of the things that's been interesting to me is something that's been in the news recently which", "5tuW7dPGofy-00020-00012072-00012808": "is talking about gender and also toys so I could just do a simple search like this gender AND toys.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00021-00013280-00013816": "I'm going to get 1,600 results. If we take a moment to look at my search terms that", "5tuW7dPGofy-00022-00013816-00014240": "I used you can see I did something interesting here which is I have AND", "5tuW7dPGofy-00023-00014296-00014904": "in between the two terms and the AND is in caps. This is because in this place AND is serving as a", "5tuW7dPGofy-00024-00014904-00015528": "computer command. It's telling the search engine inside my database to bring back any results that", "5tuW7dPGofy-00025-00015528-00016184": "talk about gender and toys. When you use Google, Google automatically ANDS all of your results,", "5tuW7dPGofy-00026-00016256-00016632": "but that's a little bit different than what happens in one of the research databases.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00027-00016928-00017520": "So we're looking at our results right now. Like I said we have 1,600 results and there's some", "5tuW7dPGofy-00028-00017520-00017896": "ways that you're going to want to limit your results. The first is you want to limit to full", "5tuW7dPGofy-00029-00017896-00018592": "text because you only want to know about things that you can read. The next is you can limit by", "5tuW7dPGofy-00030-00018592-00019432": "type of publication. So if you need a magazine or newspaper article you can use these little boxes", "5tuW7dPGofy-00031-00019432-00019920": "here and so when you do that you'll get a really good idea about the kind of information that's", "5tuW7dPGofy-00032-00019920-00020520": "included in each type of publication, right. So here's something in the Christian Science Monitor.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00033-00020592-00021184": "This is the abstract or the summary of the article and when you click on the full text", "5tuW7dPGofy-00034-00021320-00021856": "you can get a sense of the kind of articles that happen in newspapers. They're generally shorter.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00035-00021968-00022616": "They're written for just the everyday person. They'll give you some information about the topic", "5tuW7dPGofy-00036-00022616-00023080": "and generally something that's related to something happening to a specific person.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00037-00023464-00024152": "If we go back to our big result list and take off the limit of newspapers", "5tuW7dPGofy-00038-00024152-00024360": "I can then limit to magazine articles.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00039-00024608-00025120": "Magazine articles are also written just for the general population so for example this first", "5tuW7dPGofy-00040-00025120-00025688": "one here is in Time Magazine: \"Driving Diversity.\" If I click on the full text", "5tuW7dPGofy-00041-00026216-00026824": "it's going to show me an article. This is just like a little part little a little", "5tuW7dPGofy-00042-00026824-00027200": "blurb in an article. Let's go back and look at a different article. So for me", "5tuW7dPGofy-00043-00027200-00027568": "that wouldn't really help for this situation because I need more information than that.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00044-00027744-00028064": "Here's something, \"What the Toy Aisle Can Teach Us About Gender Parity.\"", "5tuW7dPGofy-00045-00028160-00028608": "Also from Time Magazine and when I look here I can see it's a two-page article.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00046-00028912-00029400": "Here's something in New Scientist -- also a two-page article -- but let's go", "5tuW7dPGofy-00047-00029400-00029583": "into the \"Gender Parity\" so you can get an idea.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00048-00030456-00030736": "So you can see it's longer than the newspaper article,", "5tuW7dPGofy-00049-00030736-00031248": "still written just for average person to give you some information about this topic.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00050-00031656-00032568": "And the last kind of article that you're going to be looking at for your class today is a scholarly", "5tuW7dPGofy-00051-00032624-00033144": "or a peer-reviewed article. This is an article that's written by researchers for researchers.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00052-00033664-00034344": "You can see here this article is 19 pages. You can see that", "5tuW7dPGofy-00053-00034680-00035200": "the abstract is giving you a lot of information and then this one for example it's talking about", "5tuW7dPGofy-00054-00035200-00035944": "a research study that was done that's trying to see a how children who are four to five years old", "5tuW7dPGofy-00055-00035944-00036672": "choose their toys. So if this looked interesting to you, you can click straight onto the full text", "5tuW7dPGofy-00056-00037048-00037272": "and then you have the article right here.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00057-00037696-00038200": "If you wanted to use the article for class you've got a lot of choices. You can download it. You can", "5tuW7dPGofy-00058-00038200-00038736": "print it. You can send it to your Google Drive. You can email it to yourself and then that's", "5tuW7dPGofy-00059-00038736-00039120": "something that I think you guys are really going to like is if you click this right here it's going", "5tuW7dPGofy-00060-00039120-00039696": "to give you the citation in a bunch of different citation styles and if you scroll down you'll get", "5tuW7dPGofy-00061-00039696-00040144": "to MLA and it's mostly correct. You'll just need to fix it a little bit so that will help you out.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00062-00040368-00040760": "Sometimes it can be hard to find articles on your topic", "5tuW7dPGofy-00063-00040760-00041160": "and so there's a few things you can do. The first thing is you have to consider the resource", "5tuW7dPGofy-00064-00041160-00041600": "that you're using to search for your article. So which database are you using? Is it the right one", "5tuW7dPGofy-00065-00041664-00042184": "for the information you're looking for? The other thing is you can look at your search terms.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00066-00042272-00042792": "So they could be too broad or too narrow. So, you know, these terms seem like they're working for me", "5tuW7dPGofy-00067-00042792-00043584": "for gender and toys. And if I click on the record for one of the articles I can kind of scroll down", "5tuW7dPGofy-00068-00043712-00044128": "and see which subject terms have been applied to the article.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00069-00044128-00044792": "So it looks to me like gender is a really good term to use and so is toys because", "5tuW7dPGofy-00070-00044928-00045504": "these are tags that are given to every article in this database that talks about gender", "5tuW7dPGofy-00071-00045592-00046096": "or every article that talks about toys. And so if I was having a hard time finding research", "5tuW7dPGofy-00072-00046096-00046504": "all I would need to do is click on one of those terms and it would launch a whole new search.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00073-00046728-00047264": "Let's say that I wanted to find information you know to search for articles about the pay gap", "5tuW7dPGofy-00074-00047344-00047784": "between men and women so I could do another search that looked like this.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00075-00048344-00048768": "What I've done here that's different is I've put quotes around \"pay gap\" because it's really", "5tuW7dPGofy-00076-00048768-00049288": "important that those two words show up next to each other. So this search has told the search", "5tuW7dPGofy-00077-00049288-00049768": "engine in the database bring please bring me back any articles that talk about gender", "5tuW7dPGofy-00078-00049768-00050584": "and talk about pay gap. So let me do that -- conduct that search-- just to show you.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00079-00050896-00051448": "And just like before we're limiting to full text. It left the limit on for peer review so we want", "5tuW7dPGofy-00080-00051448-00051800": "to take that off because right now we're just looking for all different kinds of articles.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00081-00051984-00052408": "And then you might want to limit your publication date. So your professor wants you to use articles", "5tuW7dPGofy-00082-00052408-00052816": "that are no more than 10 years-old and that's easy to do. You can just slide this over.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00083-00053344-00054016": "And so then we've got, you know, 328 results. And you can keep limiting. You can limit by geography", "5tuW7dPGofy-00084-00054016-00054455": "to make sure you're only getting things that take place in the United States --different things like", "5tuW7dPGofy-00085-00054455-00054928": "that. But you can see like maybe after you do that limiting this this database might not have", "5tuW7dPGofy-00086-00054928-00055416": "enough information for you and that's okay because this is just one database among many. So if we go", "5tuW7dPGofy-00087-00055416-00056055": "back to that Find Articles tab you can see there's other things other databases recommended. We have", "5tuW7dPGofy-00088-00056055-00056784": "a whole database just on gender. It's a ProQuest interface so I think it'll probably be similar I", "5tuW7dPGofy-00089-00056784-00057584": "mean familiar to you guys, right? And you could do the same kind of search in here: gender AND toys", "5tuW7dPGofy-00090-00057928-00058040": "Limit to full text", "5tuW7dPGofy-00091-00058376-00058744": "and then you can limit to scholarly journals, newspapers, magazines, etc.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00092-00058824-00059279": "You can do the same kind of gender AND \"pay gap\"", "5tuW7dPGofy-00093-00059879-00060272": "And you can see in this database we get a lot more results than", "5tuW7dPGofy-00094-00060272-00060679": "we did in the other database because this one specializes just in gender.", "5tuW7dPGofy-00095-00061255-00061864": "So I hope that helped you out and if you get stuck please remember to click on the", "5tuW7dPGofy-00096-00062152-00062679": "Chat with a Librarian link and we'll help you right away. Good luck with your assignment!"}}, {"audio_id": "5tEJPkUG3eQ", "text": {"5tEJPkUG3eQ-00000-00000403-00000900": "Here we go for Today's UFO Plate.", "5tEJPkUG3eQ-00001-00000900-00001900": "Fantastic UFO Plates, Succulent UFO Plates from Italy and in particular Naples, in Campania.", "5tEJPkUG3eQ-00002-00001900-00003600": "First of all observe carefully at the small UFO Plate above the soup UFO Plate.", "5tEJPkUG3eQ-00003-00003600-00004800": "Then you make the two UFO Plates fly (whistle).", "5tEJPkUG3eQ-00004-00005100-00006300": "Now perform the magic musical moment with the cuttler (whistle)", "5tEJPkUG3eQ-00005-00006400-00007300": "and finally remove the small UFO Plate from the soup UFO Plate.", "5tEJPkUG3eQ-00006-00007600-00009700": "Today's UFO Plate is...?", "5tEJPkUG3eQ-00007-00009800-00011200": "Pasta with cabbage, and in particular Neapolitan cauliflower, as someone know, surely Sara. Beautiful.", "5tEJPkUG3eQ-00008-00011300-00012000": "Yes, pasta with cauliflower, Neapolitan cabbage, and", "5tEJPkUG3eQ-00009-00012100-00013266": "one of my favorite in absolute, I think in the podium as Sara knows and also others I think,", "5tEJPkUG3eQ-00010-00013266-00013946": "yes especially if burned, almost, as I do, in fact as I did a little while ago.", "5tEJPkUG3eQ-00011-00013946-00014600": "Surely one time you ate it at least in your life.", "5tEJPkUG3eQ-00012-00014600-00014973": "As always I hope you enjoy the plate and the video,", "5tEJPkUG3eQ-00013-00014973-00015500": "have a great day again."}}, {"audio_id": "5uOO-Pjzjiu", "text": {"5uOO-Pjzjiu-00000-00000088-00001528": "Greek-Roman Period (332 BC - 396 AD) | The Ancient Egypt"}}, {"audio_id": "5vGB7qOyequ", "text": {"5vGB7qOyequ-00000-00015097-00017158": "MAKE SURE", "5vGB7qOyequ-00001-00017158-00018642": "YOU SUB TO  JOIN", "5vGB7qOyequ-00002-00018642-00019260": "THE BACON ARMY!!!!!."}}, {"audio_id": "5w88gOreVE4", "text": {"5w88gOreVE4-00000-00000163-00000763": "Here we are using the Cambodia picture part two", "5w88gOreVE4-00001-00000763-00001163": "We use content aware in the last lesson", "5w88gOreVE4-00002-00001163-00001463": "We're going to use hue-saturation", "5w88gOreVE4-00003-00001463-00002063": "And we're going to give a new sky, we're going to use a layer mask", "5w88gOreVE4-00004-00002063-00002363": "for the new sky in here", "5w88gOreVE4-00005-00002363-00002663": "Also we're going to use a few new tools.", "5w88gOreVE4-00006-00002663-00002963": "There's so many tools in Photoshop.", "5w88gOreVE4-00007-00002963-00003263": "We're going to use this purple sky this time", "5w88gOreVE4-00008-00003263-00003863": "And the attribution for this is", "5w88gOreVE4-00009-00003863-00004363": "Asuyuka -Kimeno", "5w88gOreVE4-00010-00004363-00004763": "Got this from Creative Commons", "5w88gOreVE4-00011-00004763-00005063": "I'm going to turn that off", "5w88gOreVE4-00012-00005063-00005363": "Remember here's the Cambodia picture", "5w88gOreVE4-00013-00005363-00005963": "But I got it but I still want to make sure the Dennis Jarvis gets his attribution", "5w88gOreVE4-00014-00005963-00006363": "But I have changed since I first attributed to him.", "5w88gOreVE4-00015-00006363-00006663": "so maybe not for the better", "5w88gOreVE4-00016-00006663-00006963": "for my teaching purposes yes.", "5w88gOreVE4-00017-00006963-00007263": "I'm going to select the sky", "5w88gOreVE4-00018-00007263-00007563": "so that we can see the purple sky", "5w88gOreVE4-00019-00007563-00007863": "through here.", "5w88gOreVE4-00020-00007863-00008263": "Whoops so I'm going to go to the magic wand", "5w88gOreVE4-00021-00008263-00008563": "Magic wand tool tends to work well with color", "5w88gOreVE4-00022-00008563-00008863": "I'm going to hold the shift key and select a few things", "5w88gOreVE4-00023-00008863-00009263": "And then a nice little feature under the drop-down select menu", "5w88gOreVE4-00024-00009263-00009563": "is Select >Similar", "5w88gOreVE4-00025-00009563-00009963": "Selective of stuff down here that we don't want", "5w88gOreVE4-00026-00009963-00010363": "I can also see him I have to hold the shift key right there and right there", "5w88gOreVE4-00027-00010363-00010763": "Sometimes it does really well and sometimes it's a little imperfect", "5w88gOreVE4-00028-00010763-00011063": "But all the rest of this is easy to get rid of", "5w88gOreVE4-00029-00011063-00011363": "Get my rectangular marquee tool", "5w88gOreVE4-00030-00011363-00011663": "Well my option key in the Mac", "5w88gOreVE4-00031-00011663-00011963": "On the PC it's the alt key", "5w88gOreVE4-00032-00011963-00012263": "And there's our sky", "5w88gOreVE4-00033-00012263-00012563": "I'm going to create a layer mask by going over to this icon here", "5w88gOreVE4-00034-00012563-00012863": "in the layers panel", "5w88gOreVE4-00035-00012863-00013163": "And there's the layer mask only it's backwards", "5w88gOreVE4-00036-00013163-00013463": "So when you want to invert colors", "5w88gOreVE4-00037-00013463-00013763": "Whether it's on a picture or a layer mask", "5w88gOreVE4-00038-00013763-00014363": "It's Command i or Control i on the PC", "5w88gOreVE4-00039-00014363-00014763": "I can move my purple sky around", "5w88gOreVE4-00040-00014763-00015063": "go to the move tool", "5w88gOreVE4-00041-00015063-00015463": "I've been messing around with it so it's kind of distorted", "5w88gOreVE4-00042-00015463-00015763": "a little bit", "5w88gOreVE4-00043-00015763-00016063": "I usually just like to Free Transform", "5w88gOreVE4-00044-00016063-00016363": "Well there I am going to distort it a little bit.", "5w88gOreVE4-00045-00016363-00016663": "I want some more of that white in there.", "5w88gOreVE4-00046-00016663-00016963": "There is a distort in Free Transform", "5w88gOreVE4-00047-00016963-00017263": "Except this isn't the perfect scenario", "5w88gOreVE4-00048-00017263-00017563": "So we'll do more of that later", "5w88gOreVE4-00049-00017563-00018063": "I don't know if it's in any earlier versions than the CC.", "5w88gOreVE4-00050-00018063-00018363": "It might be in 6", "5w88gOreVE4-00051-00018363-00018663": "But I'm not so sure", "5w88gOreVE4-00052-00018663-00019063": "I do have 6 so if anybody's out there on 6 and can't do this", "5w88gOreVE4-00053-00019063-00019363": "You're okay don't worry", "5w88gOreVE4-00054-00019363-00020163": "So I'm just messing around bringing it back to a little less distorted", "5w88gOreVE4-00055-00020163-00020463": "And then I'm going to hit the checkmark", "5w88gOreVE4-00056-00020463-00020763": "Or the enter key on the extended keyboard", "5w88gOreVE4-00057-00020763-00021463": "If you're on a laptop you can hit the fn Key and hit enter", "5w88gOreVE4-00058-00021463-00021763": "So there we go we got our sky", "5w88gOreVE4-00059-00021763-00022563": "So now we need to color as the buildings so it looks like lighting looks similar when they were taken", "5w88gOreVE4-00060-00022563-00022863": "I'm going to get the adjustment", "5w88gOreVE4-00061-00022863-00023163": "over here pull out the Adjustment Panel", "5w88gOreVE4-00062-00023163-00023463": "By grabbing a little tab that says adjustment", "5w88gOreVE4-00063-00023463-00023763": "Remember this bar moves the window", "5w88gOreVE4-00064-00023763-00024063": "there's only one here now", "5w88gOreVE4-00065-00024063-00024463": "you can move the separate panels out by grabbing the name tab", "5w88gOreVE4-00066-00024463-00024763": "I'm going to get Hue-Saturation", "5w88gOreVE4-00067-00024763-00025063": "I'm going to bring the Properties panel over here", "5w88gOreVE4-00068-00025063-00025363": "and I'm going to", "5w88gOreVE4-00069-00025363-00025663": "clip this to the layer below it", "5w88gOreVE4-00070-00025663-00025963": "We did that we filled letters with a picture", "5w88gOreVE4-00071-00025963-00026263": "Now rather than make a layer mask", "5w88gOreVE4-00072-00026263-00026663": "Because I'm going to do it here I'm going to go to Create Clipping Mask", "5w88gOreVE4-00073-00026663-00026963": "With my fly out menu", "5w88gOreVE4-00074-00026963-00027263": "Or I can go here to the Properties panel", "5w88gOreVE4-00075-00027263-00027663": "and it'll do the same thing notice it shifted right", "5w88gOreVE4-00076-00027663-00027963": "and there's our little arrow again", "5w88gOreVE4-00077-00027963-00028363": "So now I have to move the color sliders", "5w88gOreVE4-00078-00028363-00028663": "I'm going to move down this way to the purples", "5w88gOreVE4-00079-00028663-00029063": "And I'm going to change the saturation", "5w88gOreVE4-00080-00029063-00029463": "I don't want to change the saturation too much", "5w88gOreVE4-00081-00029463-00029863": "Or it will look like it's completely tinted", "5w88gOreVE4-00082-00029863-00030213": "I'm going to change the opacity a little bit here", "5w88gOreVE4-00083-00030213-00030513": "Oops! that's too much.", "5w88gOreVE4-00084-00030513-00030813": "We have to split the difference here.", "5w88gOreVE4-00085-00030813-00031413": "To show that yes this is the light is hitting it but there's still some other color underneath", "5w88gOreVE4-00086-00031413-00031713": "Let's see if I shift", "5w88gOreVE4-00087-00031713-00032013": "the saturation back up a little bit.", "5w88gOreVE4-00088-00032013-00032313": "It's a little too pink", "5w88gOreVE4-00089-00032313-00032663": "There we go that looks right.", "5w88gOreVE4-00090-00032663-00033063": "You can send your Hue-Saturation preset", "5w88gOreVE4-00091-00033063-00033463": "I'm going to do that right now", "5w88gOreVE4-00092-00033463-00033763": "Because I'm going to bring in the sea monster", "5w88gOreVE4-00093-00033763-00034063": "I'm going to put it in behind the buildings", "5w88gOreVE4-00094-00034063-00034563": "As we wait for the twirling ball", "5w88gOreVE4-00095-00034563-00034963": "I'm going to call it  s e a  m o n s t e r", "5w88gOreVE4-00096-00034963-00035363": "seamonster.ahu, I'm just putting it on my desktop right now.", "5w88gOreVE4-00097-00035363-00035663": "And I'm going to", "5w88gOreVE4-00098-00035663-00036063": "Here, it's a giant octopus statue, I'v already cut it out.", "5w88gOreVE4-00099-00036063-00036363": "And I'm going to drag it up here", "5w88gOreVE4-00100-00036363-00036763": "until that lights up and then I have to drag it back down", "5w88gOreVE4-00101-00036763-00037063": "For it to actually copy into here.", "5w88gOreVE4-00102-00037063-00037663": "I want it to be behind the building, there it is", "5w88gOreVE4-00103-00037663-00037963": "I also want to be smaller just a little", "5w88gOreVE4-00104-00037963-00038263": "So we can see it", "5w88gOreVE4-00105-00038263-00038663": "And I wanted to be the color of the sky", "5w88gOreVE4-00106-00038663-00038963": "So how do that?  Well", "5w88gOreVE4-00107-00038963-00039463": "Now that I was able - not all Color Corrections let you save", "5w88gOreVE4-00108-00039463-00039763": "these settings but Hue-Saturation does.", "5w88gOreVE4-00109-00039763-00040063": "So I'm going to add another Hue-Saturation", "5w88gOreVE4-00110-00040063-00040363": "I'm going to add another clipping mask", "5w88gOreVE4-00111-00040363-00040863": "And I can got here to the fly out menu on the properties", "5w88gOreVE4-00112-00040863-00041163": "of Hue-Saturation, Load Hue-Saturation", "5w88gOreVE4-00113-00041163-00041563": "seamonstr.ahu open", "5w88gOreVE4-00114-00041563-00041863": "and it will have the same settings.", "5w88gOreVE4-00115-00041863-00042163": "as the other", "5w88gOreVE4-00116-00042163-00042563": "I think maybe I'll give it a little bit of the drop shadow", "5w88gOreVE4-00117-00042563-00042863": "Let's see where is the drop shadow down here", "5w88gOreVE4-00118-00042863-00043463": "If I increase the size of the drop shadow it will just make it pop a little bit", "5w88gOreVE4-00119-00043463-00043863": "Here's the preview yes so that works", "5w88gOreVE4-00120-00043863-00044163": "There's our Sea Monster", "5w88gOreVE4-00121-00044163-00044563": "We used the various things", "5w88gOreVE4-00122-00044563-00044863": "we used clipping mask", "5w88gOreVE4-00123-00044863-00045363": "And layer masks and saved our settings for color correction", "5w88gOreVE4-00124-00045363-00045763": "I often have my students put boats in the water", "5w88gOreVE4-00125-00045763-00046163": "I have student's but swans and boats and alligators", "5w88gOreVE4-00126-00046163-00046563": "and flying dinosaurs.", "5w88gOreVE4-00127-00046563-00046863": "I like when I get an assignment like this", "5w88gOreVE4-00128-00046863-00047313": "I like for people to take it from the very minimum to really having fun with it", "5w88gOreVE4-00129-00047313-00047563": "And that's that!😉"}}, {"audio_id": "5wrD-opy5Ig", "text": {"5wrD-opy5Ig-00000-00000977-00001103": "\"What’s the Ideal BMI?\"", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00001-00001103-00001607": "We seem to have become inured to the mortal threat of obesity.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00002-00001607-00001903": "If you go back in the medical literature a half century or so", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00003-00001903-00002175": "when obesity wasn’t just run-of-the-mill,", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00004-00002176-00002392": "the descriptions are much more grim:", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00005-00002392-00002976": "“Obesity is always tragic, and its hazards are terrifying.”", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00006-00002976-00003360": "But it’s not just obesity. Of the 4 million deaths every year", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00007-00003360-00003688": "attributed to excess body fat, nearly 40% of the victims", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00008-00003688-00003984": "are just overweight, not obese.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00009-00003984-00004264": "According to two famous Harvard studies, weight gain", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00010-00004264-00004624": "of as little as 11 pounds from early adulthood through middle age", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00011-00004624-00004856": "increases the risk of major chronic diseases,", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00012-00004856-00005335": "such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00013-00005335-00005647": "The flipside, though, is that even modest weight loss", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00014-00005647-00005919": "can have major health benefits.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00015-00005920-00006200": "What’s the optimal BMI?", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00016-00006200-00006456": "The largest studies in the United States and around the world", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00017-00006456-00006856": "found that having a normal body mass index, a BMI from 20 to 25,", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00018-00006856-00007087": "is associated with the longest lifespan.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00019-00007087-00007367": "Put all the best available studies with the longest", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00020-00007368-00007792": "follow-up together and that can be narrowed down even further", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00021-00007792-00008279": "to a BMI of 20 to 22. That would be about", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00022-00008279-00008775": "between 124 to 136 pounds for someone who stands five-foot-six.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00023-00008776-00009216": "You can pause the video here to use this unisex chart", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00024-00009215-00009767": "to see what your optimal weight might be based on your height.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00025-00009768-00010136": "But, even within a normal BMI, the risk of developing", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00026-00010135-00010407": "chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease,", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00027-00010407-00010815": "and several types of cancer starts to rise towards the upper end,", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00028-00010815-00011095": "even starting as low as a BMI of 21.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00029-00011095-00011687": "A BMI of 18.5 and 24.5 are both considered within the normal range,", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00030-00011687-00011975": "but a BMI of 24.5 may be associated with twice", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00031-00011976-00012288": "the heart disease risk compared 18.5.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00032-00012287-00012631": "Look at this diabetes graph among women, a five-fold difference", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00033-00012631-00013215": "in diabetes rates all within the so-called ideal range under 25.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00034-00013215-00013591": "Just as there are gradations of risk within a normal BMI range,", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00035-00013591-00013839": "there is a spectrum within obesity.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00036-00013840-00014168": "Class III obesity, a BMI over 40, can be associated", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00037-00014168-00014615": "with the loss of a decade of life or more.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00038-00014615-00014975": "At a BMI greater than 45, such as a five-foot-six person", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00039-00014975-00015295": "at 280 pounds, life expectancy may shrink", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00040-00015296-00015671": "to that of a cigarette smoker.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00041-00015671-00016040": "There are, however, so-called “obesity skeptics”", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00042-00016040-00016336": "that argue that the health consequences of obesity are unclear", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00043-00016336-00016808": "or even greatly exaggerated. They are a motley bunch,", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00044-00016808-00017088": "ranging from feminists, queer theorists, and new ageists", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00045-00017087-00017391": "to “far right wing, pro-gun, pro-America websites", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00046-00017391-00017728": "where the idea [is] that obesity alarmists are nanny-state", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00047-00017728-00018225": "communists who simply want to stop us from having fun….”", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00048-00018247-00018543": "Unlike activists who, for example, organized to raise", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00049-00018543-00018807": "consciousness and stamp out the AIDS epidemic,", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00050-00018808-00019192": "the size acceptance movement appears to have the opposite goal,", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00051-00019191-00019631": "rallying for less public awareness and treatment of the problem.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00052-00019631-00019815": "(They do have good slogans though:", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00053-00019815-00020189": "“We’re here, we’re spheres, get used to it!”)", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00054-00020200-00020512": "I’m all for fighting size stigma and discrimination—", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00055-00020512-00020840": "I have a whole section on weight stigma in my new book—", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00056-00020840-00021152": "but the adverse health consequences of obesity", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00057-00021152-00021592": "are an established scientific fact.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00058-00021600-00021863": "Can’t you be fat but fit?", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00059-00021863-00022071": "In a study of more than 600 centenarians", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00060-00022071-00022391": "(those living over 100) only about 1% of the women", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00061-00022391-00022728": "and not a single one of the men were obese.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00062-00022728-00023056": "But there does appear to be a rare subgroup of obese individuals", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00063-00023056-00023319": "who don’t suffer the typical metabolic costs", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00064-00023319-00023535": "such as high blood pressure and cholesterol.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00065-00023536-00023896": "This raises the possibility that there may be such thing as", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00066-00023896-00024224": "“benign obesity” or “healthy obesity.”", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00067-00024224-00024448": "It may just be a matter of time, though,", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00068-00024447-00024631": "before the risk factors develop.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00069-00024631-00024847": "And even if they don’t, followed long enough,", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00070-00024847-00025207": "even quote-unquote “metabolically healthy” obese individuals", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00071-00025208-00025743": "are at increased risk of diabetes, and fatty liver disease", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00072-00025743-00026007": "and cardiovascular events such as heart attacks,", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00073-00026007-00026183": "and/or premature death.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00074-00026183-00026447": "Bottom line: there is strong evidence", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00075-00026448-00026864": "that so-called “healthy obesity” is a myth.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00076-00026863-00027239": "Many “fat-activists” try to downplay the risks of obesity,", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00077-00027239-00027639": "even as they may be among the epidemic’s greatest victims.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00078-00027639-00027975": "Lynn McAfee is the director of medical advocacy", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00079-00027975-00028295": "for the Council on Size and Weight Discrimination", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00080-00028295-00028551": "and routinely takes part in obesity conferences", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00081-00028551-00028751": "and government panels on obesity.", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00082-00028751-00029087": "“I’m not actually particularly that interested in [health],”", "5wrD-opy5Ig-00083-00029087-00029583": "she is quoted as saying, “and God I hate science.”"}}, {"audio_id": "5wEz7WxsCzM", "text": {"5wEz7WxsCzM-00000-00000003-00000399": "so in the last video from shane dawson the truth about Jeffree Star we dive", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00001-00000399-00000752": "into Jeffree Star's past and we learn about his depression as well as his", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00002-00000752-00001142": "anger issues and some of those anger issues still linger around but in this", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00003-00001142-00001566": "video we're going to talk about the link between depression and anger so make", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00004-00001566-00002838": "sure that you stay tuned everybody this is Chris from the rewired soul where we", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00005-00002838-00003246": "talk about the problem but focus on the solution and if you are new to my", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00006-00003246-00003614": "channel my channel is all about mental health so I try to look at things from", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00007-00003614-00004026": "pop culture and things like that and see what lessons that we can learn from it", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00008-00004026-00004368": "and take from it and improve our own mental health so if you're into that", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00009-00004368-00004692": "kind of stuff make sure that you subscribe that notification bell if you", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00010-00004692-00005107": "would like to because I have almost 400 mental health videos on my channel", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00011-00005107-00005555": "anyways so some of you saw my video yesterday where I talked about Geoffrey", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00012-00005555-00006053": "start opening up about his history with depression and self-harm but something", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00013-00006053-00006497": "that we need to address because this is a major issue with mental health is the", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00014-00006497-00006831": "link between depression and anger and is something that I can really relate to", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00015-00006831-00007311": "when it comes to my past issues with both depression and anger so real quick", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00016-00007311-00007634": "if you are here because you think I'm gonna talk about the controversial", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00017-00007634-00008006": "things that he says and has he changed and all that I'm not gonna touch that", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00018-00008006-00008450": "with a ten-foot pole so don't even bother alright but I do just want to", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00019-00008450-00008910": "focus on you know his depression as well as this anger and hopefully explain it a", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00020-00008910-00009399": "little bit better and how people maybe have some empathy and if that empathy", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00021-00009399-00009747": "just some understanding like if any of you want to check out my video I did", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00022-00009747-00010311": "about Kanye West and coming out that he's bipolar like it might be a reason", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00023-00010311-00010752": "but it's not an excuse we have to take responsibility for our mental health", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00024-00010752-00011297": "issues and do something about it okay so our anger you know even though", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00025-00011297-00011679": "we're gonna talk about it like it's not something that we can justify when we're", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00026-00011679-00012039": "causing harm to ourselves as well as other people but anyways one of the", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00027-00012039-00012539": "scenes that stood out to me was Jeffrey star getting her ass on the street and", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00028-00012539-00013241": "just losing it whether be call me", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00029-00013381-00013970": "so like it sucks because you can never make an apology that's gonna be", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00030-00013970-00014802": "justified but it's really hardly even if you explain it it's hard to get people", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00031-00014802-00015228": "on your side and like I'm just very fortunate that I'm a very small youtuber", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00032-00015228-00015669": "and not blown up so everybody's like I'm very grateful for that", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00033-00015669-00016134": "like Jeffrey's story he talks about it he talks about his past he talks about", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00034-00016134-00016542": "his struggles with depression like he talks about being the outcast in school", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00035-00016542-00016908": "and getting picked on and bullied and he's been beaten up and jumped and", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00036-00016908-00017376": "everything like that like this led to his depression this led to his self-harm", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00037-00017376-00017873": "this also led to his anger issues so what we're gonna do real quick is we're", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00038-00017873-00018248": "gonna talk about the brain but right now you're like I can't do a Jeffrey star", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00039-00018248-00018642": "video and you're gonna be talking about neuroscience heck yes I am", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00040-00018642-00019038": "because that's how we roll here at the rewired soul all right so the two parts", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00041-00019038-00019326": "of the brain that we're gonna focus on is something called the amygdala and", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00042-00019326-00019692": "something called the hippocampus all right so the hippocampus is the part of", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00043-00019692-00019970": "the brain that stores all of your memories alright and this is closely", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00044-00019970-00020634": "bound to the amygdala your amygdala that is your most primitive primal instincts", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00045-00020634-00021104": "okay this is responsible for what we call the fight flight or freeze response", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00046-00021104-00021684": "alright so when we feel threatened okay when we feel threatened we go into one", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00047-00021684-00022076": "of three modes so thirsteee the first mode that we can go into is", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00048-00022076-00022509": "the freeze response this was important for our ancestors to freeze because when", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00049-00022509-00022842": "predators are out there trying to get you the best thing that you can do is", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00050-00022842-00023595": "just stop because they you know they if they sense movement so some of us freeze", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00051-00023595-00023988": "so when you get attacked when somebody comes at you you might just freeze up", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00052-00023988-00024594": "okay so the next response is flight all right so if freezing isn't a good idea", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00053-00024594-00025035": "if you're just gonna stand there and just not do anything sometimes this", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00054-00025035-00025362": "doesn't work look at mountain times if somebody comes up and talk to you like", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00055-00025362-00025664": "we're not running away from like bears and saber-toothed Tigers stuff like that", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00056-00025664-00026054": "anymore like it might be the best thing to do for us to just book it and leave", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00057-00026054-00026295": "right we might run away from it not running away from", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00058-00026295-00026569": "it you know back then it was running away from a predator maybe today is", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00059-00026569-00026919": "running away from you know somebody who might intend to do you harm", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00060-00026919-00027343": "we might withdraw that might be our flight response is withdrawing from a", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00061-00027343-00027793": "situation getting off of social media when we feel threatened or our emotions", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00062-00027793-00028156": "or out of control and we're feeling sad or lonely or depressed or attacked or", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00063-00028156-00028644": "whatever so that might be the way that our flight works but for other people", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00064-00028644-00029172": "when this part of the brain when the amygdala is triggered we get into fight", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00065-00029172-00029686": "mode all right so the amygdala is a very emotional part of the brain this is", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00066-00029686-00030130": "where all of your emotions come from your anxiety your depression your anger", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00067-00030130-00030447": "all of these things come from the amygdala so what we're seeing what", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00068-00030447-00030949": "jeffree star is because of his past because of getting bullied because of", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00069-00030949-00031399": "getting picked on because of you know all of the slurs he's been called when", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00070-00031399-00031981": "people attack him he does not go into fries or flight mode he goes into attack", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00071-00031981-00032581": "mode okay so this is the way that his depression is linked to his anger and", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00072-00032581-00033100": "this is something that I dealt with my entire life and it's it's why I work on", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00073-00033100-00033547": "anger management so so so much like all of you are meeting the best version of", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00074-00033547-00034065": "me today but years ago I was a very angry person because you know I was", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00075-00034065-00034444": "bullied I was picked on I didn't have a family like other people did I didn't", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00076-00034444-00034888": "have money like other people did who I grew up around and I would get picked on", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00077-00034888-00035452": "and stuff in you know my fight response I was just you know venomous with my", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00078-00035452-00035953": "words that's what I would do and so when I see Jeffrey getting shouted at these", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00079-00035953-00036384": "slurs that I can't even imagine right someone's saying that to me like he gets", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00080-00036384-00036850": "into that fight mode you know and and that's one of the things that we we just", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00081-00036850-00037147": "don't really understand we see these people as angry people and stuff like", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00082-00037147-00037494": "that but I made a video a while back and I'll make it up in the info card and", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00083-00037494-00037915": "it's called hurt people hurt people and the lesson I wanted to teach from that", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00084-00037915-00038338": "video was like what I get attacked when I get attacked on my platform whether", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00085-00038338-00038830": "it's YouTube or Instagram or Twitter or Facebook or whatever it is like I pause", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00086-00038830-00039326": "I'm like man this person's probably hurt because for most of us we just", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00087-00039326-00039683": "the angry response and we don't think about what's this person going through", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00088-00039683-00040091": "did they have a troubled childhood did something bad happen to them you know", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00089-00040091-00040559": "what I mean and it's hard for us because our reaction is to get on the defense to", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00090-00040559-00040898": "say oh my god I can't believe you know you're so angry but we all have", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00091-00040898-00041303": "different responses to this you know and like some of them are better than others", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00092-00041303-00041795": "but like at the end of the day you know Jeffrey definitely definitely has the", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00093-00041795-00042167": "money and resources to seek help he can seek help and work on his anger", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00094-00042167-00042698": "management and I'm not like you know huge into the Jeffrey start drama I hear", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00095-00042698-00043001": "a little bit here and there my girlfriend she loves him and you know", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00096-00043001-00043439": "he's a good dude but you know I've seen things about you know how he doesn't", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00097-00043439-00043775": "have many phones anymore and you know the backstabbing and the controversies", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00098-00043775-00044174": "and things like that and the reason why I personally work on my anger is because", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00099-00044174-00044852": "I saw that my anger issues and my unwillingness to forgive and even", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00100-00044852-00045137": "empathize with other people and think maybe they're going through some stuff", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00101-00045137-00045737": "too and you know get more like or shall I say less self-centered and just only", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00102-00045737-00046061": "think about me how do you affected me what you're doing is affecting me and me", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00103-00046061-00046550": "me me me me me me like it was hurting my relationships and then I was very very", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00104-00046550-00047000": "alone so now that I work on my anger and I don't lash out as much even though you", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00105-00047000-00047372": "know I had a troubled past and I struggle with depression I have to work", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00106-00047372-00047840": "on my anger or I will not build the connections that I must build in order", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00107-00047840-00048197": "to have mental health you know what I'm saying", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00108-00048197-00048629": "so so I'm glad we got to see this and I just like to point this stuff out so", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00109-00048629-00049025": "hopefully you can kind of identify these things as saying like is your depression", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00110-00049025-00049424": "turning into anger I've done other videos about how my anxiety can turn", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00111-00049424-00049853": "into anger like we need to address these things and start working on that stuff", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00112-00049853-00050411": "so we don't lash out as much and cause so much drama or controversy even though", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00113-00050411-00050702": "you're not a Jeffrey star like how is this affecting your family life how is", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00114-00050702-00051005": "this affecting your work life I was just affecting your life with your friends", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00115-00051005-00051344": "with your children and all that kind of stuff all right so we need a little bit", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00116-00051344-00051691": "more compassion we need to start working on our mental health and this world will", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00117-00051691-00052159": "be a much better place I promise you all right but do me a favor leave some", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00118-00052159-00052545": "comments below let me know if any of your mental health issues", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00119-00052545-00052986": "like turning to anger something else that we can discuss about in the in the", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00120-00052986-00053438": "comments is how that depression turns into anger which then turns into guilt", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00121-00053438-00053777": "because we feel bad about what we did alright let's have a conversation down", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00122-00053777-00054182": "in the comments below bye anyways that's all I got for you today if you like this", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00123-00054182-00054501": "video please give it a thumbs up and if you're new here I don't know what you're", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00124-00054501-00054782": "waiting for cuz I'm always making videos to help you out with your mental health", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00125-00054782-00055166": "click that little round subscribe button and a huge thank you to everybody", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00126-00055166-00055548": "supporting the channel over on patreon and if you want to check out some more", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00127-00055548-00055848": "videos on my channel you can click or tap on one of those thumbnails right", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00128-00055848-00056192": "there alright so thanks so much for watching get your anger under control", "5wEz7WxsCzM-00129-00056192-00056617": "today and I'll see you next time"}}, {"audio_id": "5wW3NdArTXy", "text": {"5wW3NdArTXy-00000-00000180-00001105": "[Music] I feel like I'm losing my mind cause everybody in the world died please Lord Give", "5wW3NdArTXy-00001-00001105-00002466": "Me A Sign aside [Music] I feel like I'm losing my mind is", "5wW3NdArTXy-00002-00002466-00002590": "[Music]", "5wW3NdArTXy-00003-00002590-00003113": "I wanna be the greatest everybody on the face should I look around I feel like everybody", "5wW3NdArTXy-00004-00003113-00003213": "is the fake as I make this every day and I'm impatient hoping one day I blow up from the", "5wW3NdArTXy-00005-00003213-00003774": "basement statement the top is so big and I don't hear [__] that I think is amazing", "5wW3NdArTXy-00006-00003774-00004245": "waiting for my day when I'm playing sold out Shows Were A Thousand Faces hey give me that", "5wW3NdArTXy-00007-00004245-00004715": "Crown get in my way into be put down hitting your place all this my time if I want that", "5wW3NdArTXy-00008-00004715-00005038": "[__] then I'll get it right now I'm losing it the news it fits I'm losing [__] is", "5wW3NdArTXy-00009-00005038-00005557": "stupid me if you choose to live or choose to dip you choose to fight or lose your grip", "5wW3NdArTXy-00010-00005557-00007059": "and lose a gift I feel like I'm losing my mind is", "5wW3NdArTXy-00011-00007059-00007690": "[Music]", "5wW3NdArTXy-00012-00007690-00008736": "[Music] there's no mercy in this world just hunger thirsty persons in different versions", "5wW3NdArTXy-00013-00008736-00009217": "each new update that [__] worsens why pull back the curtain and you'll see the different", "5wW3NdArTXy-00014-00009217-00009390": "Vermin we all have different"}}, {"audio_id": "5y2flKXfmtg", "text": {"5y2flKXfmtg-00000-00000040-00000656": "2020 has been one hell of a year in today's video we're going to go over the top 10 lessons", "5y2flKXfmtg-00001-00000656-00001904": "that you need to get ready for the year to come what's going on guys it's Uzziah your", "5y2flKXfmtg-00002-00001904-00002544": "success strategist and black men's career is back please make sure to smash that like button for me", "5y2flKXfmtg-00003-00002544-00003152": "make sure that you subscribe to this channel and today we're going to talk about the top 10 lessons", "5y2flKXfmtg-00004-00003152-00003784": "of 2020. now there's so many things that have happened in this year and i think we can all agree", "5y2flKXfmtg-00005-00003784-00004520": "that there was something very different in 2020 that we've never seen in any other year in most of", "5y2flKXfmtg-00006-00004520-00005232": "our lifetimes everything that happened with covet 19 everything going on in the world today near and", "5y2flKXfmtg-00007-00005232-00005920": "far the first thing that i want you to think about is this this year is the year where preparation", "5y2flKXfmtg-00008-00005920-00006744": "is the new sexy preparation is more appealing now than at any other time in recent history", "5y2flKXfmtg-00009-00006744-00007248": "and why is that because with everything that has happened as a part of the pandemic", "5y2flKXfmtg-00010-00007312-00008040": "preparation has become that much more necessary for survival you know a lot of people took", "5y2flKXfmtg-00011-00008040-00008648": "america for granted they always thought businesses would always be open you could always go to the", "5y2flKXfmtg-00012-00008648-00009408": "grocery store nothing would be shut down but this was the one year that americans were put on notice", "5y2flKXfmtg-00013-00009408-00010016": "that hey some of the liberties that you think that you have it may not always be there from", "5y2flKXfmtg-00014-00010016-00010704": "one day to the next and that's the reason why preparation is the new sexy you're seeing all", "5y2flKXfmtg-00015-00010704-00011320": "kind of communities blow up online of people uh that have all types of food prepping work done", "5y2flKXfmtg-00016-00011320-00011848": "all types of weaponry prepping work done anything that you can think of doomsday", "5y2flKXfmtg-00017-00011848-00012440": "preppers you name it preparation is the new sexy but when we're talking about getting prepared", "5y2flKXfmtg-00018-00012520-00013063": "what does that really mean we're talking about your finances right because money", "5y2flKXfmtg-00019-00013063-00013568": "is a defense so when you're thinking about how you need to replace your current income", "5y2flKXfmtg-00020-00013663-00014040": "you need to make sure that you have multiple streams because if you didn't learn anything else", "5y2flKXfmtg-00021-00014040-00014440": "from everything that happened in this year one thing that you should take away", "5y2flKXfmtg-00022-00014440-00015119": "is that one stream of income isn't sufficient because if one thing happens to that one stream of", "5y2flKXfmtg-00023-00015119-00015824": "income you're done and a lot of people witnessed that in 2020 now is the time where more than ever", "5y2flKXfmtg-00024-00015824-00016480": "being well prepared is really important number two you gotta look for the big opportunities", "5y2flKXfmtg-00025-00016560-00017248": "so many people get so afraid and terrified when disaster comes that they never see the", "5y2flKXfmtg-00026-00017248-00017680": "opportunities that are right in front of them you know john d rockefeller said something", "5y2flKXfmtg-00027-00017680-00018384": "that was very important about how the economy really works he said the best time to invest", "5y2flKXfmtg-00028-00018512-00019176": "is when everybody is scared is when there's blood in the streets what that means is you're", "5y2flKXfmtg-00029-00019176-00019952": "gonna find the best deals the best networking opportunities available at your disposal when", "5y2flKXfmtg-00030-00019952-00020560": "everybody else is running away so if everybody else is selling their stocks that's the time to", "5y2flKXfmtg-00031-00020560-00021232": "buy if everybody if the masses are doing one thing guys that's when you need to be doing another", "5y2flKXfmtg-00032-00021232-00021736": "right because when you think about the masses of people and how they've been programmed to think", "5y2flKXfmtg-00033-00021736-00022320": "they have not been taught the principles of success when you look at high performance people", "5y2flKXfmtg-00034-00022392-00023136": "oftentimes they do the exact opposite of everybody else and there's no difference when it comes to", "5y2flKXfmtg-00035-00023136-00023744": "big opportunities so right now for me i'm focusing on the opportunity of what we have in front of us", "5y2flKXfmtg-00036-00023744-00024336": "online i'm focusing on the opportunity of what's going on right now in the stock market", "5y2flKXfmtg-00037-00024336-00024920": "a lot of people are talking about things like cryptocurrency and other things but most people", "5y2flKXfmtg-00038-00024920-00025528": "are so terrified and worried about oh man covet 19 is coming to get me you know i just", "5y2flKXfmtg-00039-00025528-00026008": "gotta hide in the corner and just pray that i make it through if you're still living and", "5y2flKXfmtg-00040-00026008-00026648": "you're still breathing that means you need to be pressing on and you can't spend all of your days", "5y2flKXfmtg-00041-00026648-00027376": "living in fear you have to see that while most people are looking at this as a time of crisis", "5y2flKXfmtg-00042-00027432-00028192": "the big dogs are looking at this as the number one time where they will raise their results", "5y2flKXfmtg-00043-00028192-00028688": "another reason why most people can never take hold of big opportunities is because they were", "5y2flKXfmtg-00044-00028688-00029288": "never prepared for it in the first place you have to understand that preparation meets opportunity", "5y2flKXfmtg-00045-00029288-00029976": "so imagine right now we're living in an economy where this year we saw some of the greatest", "5y2flKXfmtg-00046-00029976-00030600": "stock returns in modern history but could you take advantage of it you couldn't if you didn't", "5y2flKXfmtg-00047-00030600-00031127": "know about the stock market and how it operates you couldn't take advantage of it if you were", "5y2flKXfmtg-00048-00031127-00031712": "loaded in debt you couldn't take advantage of it if you were living paycheck to paycheck and", "5y2flKXfmtg-00049-00031712-00032424": "so what i'm trying to tell you kings is you got to stay ready so that way you don't have to get ready", "5y2flKXfmtg-00050-00032424-00033000": "when some of the biggest opportunities have come to the market in 2020 a lot of us couldn't take", "5y2flKXfmtg-00051-00033000-00033520": "advantage of it because all of our money was in other places look at the cost of airlines", "5y2flKXfmtg-00052-00033520-00034064": "stocks was at rock bottom prices imagine if you could have been in on the opportunity", "5y2flKXfmtg-00053-00034160-00034800": "but by us not being prepared for in advance a lot of times the opportunity will pass us by", "5y2flKXfmtg-00054-00034800-00035304": "and here's one thing about big economic opportunities big economic opportunities", "5y2flKXfmtg-00055-00035304-00036000": "like what you're seeing happening this year in 2020 that only comes once ever so often", "5y2flKXfmtg-00056-00036064-00036720": "the type of opportunities that have been available this year are typically only around once maybe", "5y2flKXfmtg-00057-00036720-00037480": "every 10 years if that so if you miss the window you're not going to be able to have the same", "5y2flKXfmtg-00058-00037480-00038128": "returns as everybody else you got to make sure that whenever the big opportunities come you're", "5y2flKXfmtg-00059-00038128-00038704": "already ready for it you're waiting for it you've got money set aside just ready for the next big", "5y2flKXfmtg-00060-00038704-00039416": "thing rather than trying to race and rip and run hoping that you can grab on to the next big thing", "5y2flKXfmtg-00061-00039416-00040072": "number three you gotta know your social energy these lockdowns impacted a lot of people", "5y2flKXfmtg-00062-00040072-00040616": "because their personality was so accustomed to being out and about being the life of the", "5y2flKXfmtg-00063-00040616-00041392": "party that once they had to stay in the house 24 7 they had no idea what to do with their day", "5y2flKXfmtg-00064-00041472-00042048": "you got to understand that people are wired to be social creatures but if you've never taken the", "5y2flKXfmtg-00065-00042048-00042784": "time to think about what is my ideal environment how do i get energy being around the right people", "5y2flKXfmtg-00066-00042784-00043360": "then whenever your environment gets shifted around unexpectedly you're not going to know", "5y2flKXfmtg-00067-00043360-00043928": "how to handle it that's the reason why you have to focus on knowing your social energy because", "5y2flKXfmtg-00068-00043928-00044416": "you have to make sure that you're putting yourself in the right environment at all times", "5y2flKXfmtg-00069-00044480-00045128": "number four change is inevitable you have to always look around the corner to see", "5y2flKXfmtg-00070-00045128-00045792": "what the next big change is and how to adapt to it most people hate change they don't want to", "5y2flKXfmtg-00071-00045792-00046400": "give up the thing that they've always been doing and because of which anytime a shift happens", "5y2flKXfmtg-00072-00046400-00046936": "in the marketplace they're thrown off and they're not ready for it we went through some big changes", "5y2flKXfmtg-00073-00046936-00047520": "this year with covert 19 and it threw a lot of people off guard some people lost their jobs", "5y2flKXfmtg-00074-00047592-00048208": "some people lost family members and friends unfortunately but we always must understand", "5y2flKXfmtg-00075-00048208-00049008": "that there's going to be more unexpected events to come whether it be the loss of a loved one whether", "5y2flKXfmtg-00076-00049008-00049768": "it be a natural disaster whether it be some form of crisis we have to always be comfortable", "5y2flKXfmtg-00077-00049768-00050424": "being uncomfortable the minute you find yourself in one pattern and one routine for too long you", "5y2flKXfmtg-00078-00050424-00050968": "can rest assured that something can come to knock you off the horse and if you're not prepared to", "5y2flKXfmtg-00079-00050968-00051472": "take the next step there's going to be no way that you can get back on your feet number five is to", "5y2flKXfmtg-00080-00051472-00052167": "have empathy you know we took a big loss this year when we lost our brother chadwick bozeman", "5y2flKXfmtg-00081-00052224-00052920": "and that really put the black community on notice because there was so much uproar about all of the", "5y2flKXfmtg-00082-00052920-00053520": "roasting that people were doing to the brother chat with bozeman on social media everybody was", "5y2flKXfmtg-00083-00053520-00054112": "talking about how he was looking so thin everybody was talking about how his appearance was just so", "5y2flKXfmtg-00084-00054112-00054816": "wiry nobody knew what the man was going through so in their mind it was just all for fun it was", "5y2flKXfmtg-00085-00054816-00055432": "all a joke it was all for sport we never know what somebody else is going through people", "5y2flKXfmtg-00086-00055432-00056072": "and that's the reason why we have to have empathy for other people's situation because you never", "5y2flKXfmtg-00087-00056072-00056840": "know there may come a day where that might be you number six you have to take control look at all of", "5y2flKXfmtg-00088-00056840-00057408": "the people that lost jobs this year that thought that they had job security before the pandemic hit", "5y2flKXfmtg-00089-00057479-00057967": "there's no such thing as job security when you're working from somebody else", "5y2flKXfmtg-00090-00057967-00058672": "if you haven't learned anything else in 2020 you need to know how to create your own", "5y2flKXfmtg-00091-00058672-00059288": "income now number seven is the 9010 rule and this one's going to be important brother so listen good", "5y2flKXfmtg-00092-00059352-00059967": "i know a lot of you have probably heard about the 80 20 rule 80 of all the results comes from", "5y2flKXfmtg-00093-00059967-00060824": "20 of the activities but i want to put it to you like this eighty percent of all women are seeking", "5y2flKXfmtg-00094-00060824-00061384": "out the top twenty percent of men they're looking for the high performance guys they're looking for", "5y2flKXfmtg-00095-00061384-00061984": "the high value men and guess what in everything that has happened in this pandemic where people", "5y2flKXfmtg-00096-00061984-00062808": "have lost jobs and it's been harder to get by and survive that 80 20 rule is changing to 90", "5y2flKXfmtg-00097-00062808-00063879": "10. during times of crisis people flock to the ones who have control during times of panic people", "5y2flKXfmtg-00098-00063879-00064448": "run to other people that have their ish together they're not looking for the people no more that", "5y2flKXfmtg-00099-00064448-00065096": "don't know what they're doing that are lost so if you want to continue to be a prominent man and", "5y2flKXfmtg-00100-00065096-00066040": "stand out as a king in 2021 you need to make it your mission to be within that top 10 of men when", "5y2flKXfmtg-00101-00066040-00066776": "you put yourself in the top 10 of men in the world in terms of your value in terms of what it is that", "5y2flKXfmtg-00102-00066776-00067480": "you can offer to other people that means that your services will always be in high demand that will", "5y2flKXfmtg-00103-00067480-00068256": "make sure that no matter what is going on your financial security comes from your skill sets", "5y2flKXfmtg-00104-00068256-00069224": "rather than a job you must focus on the 90 10 rule because a lot of women are looking to men", "5y2flKXfmtg-00105-00069224-00069896": "who can protect and provide number eight is that you have to seize the moment you know when 2019", "5y2flKXfmtg-00106-00069896-00070528": "was here everything seemed so rosy in hindsight didn't it a lot of y'all wish you could go back", "5y2flKXfmtg-00107-00070528-00071048": "to last year just because of all of the benefits that you were afforded before everything happened", "5y2flKXfmtg-00108-00071048-00071840": "in 2020 but you know what's so crazy so many of us were in 2019 taking that year for granted", "5y2flKXfmtg-00109-00071904-00072424": "taking all of the benefits that we had for granted taking the freedoms and the liberties that we had", "5y2flKXfmtg-00110-00072424-00073040": "of being able to go outside with no issues for granted no mask no problems no restrictions", "5y2flKXfmtg-00111-00073096-00073696": "oftentimes we don't know how good we really got it and that's the reason why i'm trying to get you", "5y2flKXfmtg-00112-00073696-00074296": "to see right now that there's a golden opportunity that's in front of you right now there are certain", "5y2flKXfmtg-00113-00074296-00074936": "opportunities that you need to be focusing on that may not be available to you in two weeks", "5y2flKXfmtg-00114-00074936-00075568": "time it may not be available next year may not be available in the next two years so whatever", "5y2flKXfmtg-00115-00075568-00076152": "it is that you need to be doing right now you need to strike while the iron is hot because tomorrow", "5y2flKXfmtg-00116-00076152-00076808": "is promised to no one and this year has taught us that we have to always do the best that we can do", "5y2flKXfmtg-00117-00076864-00077264": "in the short amount of time that we have because we never know when things may change", "5y2flKXfmtg-00118-00077320-00077808": "now number nine i've been talking about this one for a while now but just in case you weren't a", "5y2flKXfmtg-00119-00077808-00078640": "believer before 2020 by now it should be obvious e-commerce is the future think about how many", "5y2flKXfmtg-00120-00078640-00079352": "brick and mortar businesses were shut down this year and how all of those businesses were outdone", "5y2flKXfmtg-00121-00079408-00080072": "by other companies that had moved online to deliver their products and services trust me y'all", "5y2flKXfmtg-00122-00080072-00080760": "i saw this coming years ago for some people this hasn't really been that big of a surprise", "5y2flKXfmtg-00123-00080760-00081416": "and when i say it hasn't really been that big of a surprise the economy has been shifting online", "5y2flKXfmtg-00124-00081416-00082144": "before the pandemic so if the economy was shifting online before the pandemic you can best believe", "5y2flKXfmtg-00125-00082200-00082904": "that the economy is going to shift way online after the pandemic because think about how many", "5y2flKXfmtg-00126-00082904-00083560": "people right now might have been used to doing things in day-to-day brick and mortar stores", "5y2flKXfmtg-00127-00083560-00084072": "but now because those businesses have gone under now they've found other online vendors", "5y2flKXfmtg-00128-00084072-00084736": "to do business people are creatures of habit and once they set new habits in place they're", "5y2flKXfmtg-00129-00084736-00085296": "not going to go back to their old ways a lot of those old businesses are not coming back and for", "5y2flKXfmtg-00130-00085296-00086120": "a lot of people that have lost their jobs other people online were making more money than ever", "5y2flKXfmtg-00131-00086120-00086872": "i got a question do you think that amazon took a hit in 2020 or do you think they were making", "5y2flKXfmtg-00132-00086872-00087480": "more money because people was looking to their products and their store more than ever", "5y2flKXfmtg-00133-00087536-00088024": "you have to put yourself on the right side of change to where whenever something happens", "5y2flKXfmtg-00134-00088024-00088592": "that means there's a gain for you in the economy there's going to be some people that take gains", "5y2flKXfmtg-00135-00088592-00089040": "and there's going to be some people that take losses you have to have enough discernment and", "5y2flKXfmtg-00136-00089040-00089592": "foresight to understand okay well is e-commerce going to be on the rise in the year to come", "5y2flKXfmtg-00137-00089656-00090352": "or is it going to be on the decline in years to come a lot of jobs are going to be on the decline", "5y2flKXfmtg-00138-00090352-00091024": "in years to come a lot of industries are going to be on the decline in years to come but the same", "5y2flKXfmtg-00139-00091024-00091784": "way that some areas are on the decline you have other areas that are growing faster than ever", "5y2flKXfmtg-00140-00091784-00092432": "what you now have to do is you need to research those fast growing industries and figure out how", "5y2flKXfmtg-00141-00092432-00093104": "you can be a part of the action if you know that you're in a sinking ship don't wait until you're", "5y2flKXfmtg-00142-00093104-00093784": "already drowning to try to figure out how to find another boat hop on board other boats while you", "5y2flKXfmtg-00143-00093784-00094504": "can still see above the water and figure out what e-commerce opportunities are available for you", "5y2flKXfmtg-00144-00094608-00095568": "lastly this brings me to my 10th point now is the time for the rise of black businesses now", "5y2flKXfmtg-00145-00095568-00096192": "is the time for the rise of black businesses i gotta be honest y'all when that whole situation", "5y2flKXfmtg-00146-00096192-00096784": "happened with george floyd y'all know how it is a lot of us looked at it and it was nothing new", "5y2flKXfmtg-00147-00096864-00097696": "shockingly it took on a different life in the media people were talking about it more than ever", "5y2flKXfmtg-00148-00097760-00098432": "other communities were sharing it on their social media outlets and then a business trend developed", "5y2flKXfmtg-00149-00098488-00099160": "where supporting black businesses became the in thing to do supporting black", "5y2flKXfmtg-00150-00099160-00099872": "people became the trendy thing to do we've seen a lot of talk about black lives matter", "5y2flKXfmtg-00151-00099872-00100488": "and so what i want you to realize is regardless of where you stand in terms of the entire racial", "5y2flKXfmtg-00152-00100488-00101264": "discussion i want you to realize that there is a growing consciousness of black empowerment", "5y2flKXfmtg-00153-00101336-00102112": "there's more and more investment going into black business so if you can position yourself", "5y2flKXfmtg-00154-00102112-00102959": "to be a black business owner in 2021 you may have access to a new team of consumers that you", "5y2flKXfmtg-00155-00102959-00103848": "may have never had access to before why because a lot of businesses have gone under racial tensions", "5y2flKXfmtg-00156-00103848-00104656": "are still prevalent in society today and there's more and more consciousness of we got to support", "5y2flKXfmtg-00157-00104656-00105328": "black people we've got to start supporting our own because if we don't do it for ourselves", "5y2flKXfmtg-00158-00105328-00106072": "nobody else will so these are the top 10 things that you need to think about going into 2021", "5y2flKXfmtg-00159-00106072-00106720": "and i want to let you know that if you're serious about creating generational wealth in 2021 you", "5y2flKXfmtg-00160-00106720-00107711": "need to click the link below because starting next thursday january 7 2021 i'm going to be offering a", "5y2flKXfmtg-00161-00107711-00108520": "free master class showing you how to replace your current income so that you can quit your nine to", "5y2flKXfmtg-00162-00108520-00109240": "five job again we talked about taking control in today's lesson if you still want to rely on", "5y2flKXfmtg-00163-00109240-00109856": "the same system that's been failing you over and over again then that's on you but if you want to", "5y2flKXfmtg-00164-00109856-00110472": "start taking life into your own hands and making sure that you're well prepared for things to come", "5y2flKXfmtg-00165-00110535-00110928": "now is the time for you to get on this master class because i'm going to be walking you through", "5y2flKXfmtg-00166-00111016-00111696": "how to create a six-figure net worth so that way you can create passive streams of income", "5y2flKXfmtg-00167-00111696-00112344": "and have real assets to pass down to your kids so with no further ado go and click that link below", "5y2flKXfmtg-00168-00112344-00112864": "make sure you sign up for the free master class and i'll see you guys on the next lesson"}}, {"audio_id": "5ypDHF_5pnM", "text": {"5ypDHF_5pnM-00000-00000103-00000436": "Today, I made seafood ramen", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00001-00000436-00000684": "with various seafood.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00002-00000795-00001156": "First, clean the seafood.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00003-00001248-00001609": "Clean shellfish and abalone with a brush", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00004-00001609-00002104": "Dissolve the clams and shrimp in salt water.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00005-00002943-00003291": "Clean the squid.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00006-00003291-00003675": "First, wash the surface of the squid well under running water.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00007-00003810-00004132": "The legs are cut off to wash the inside of the body.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00008-00004132-00004559": "The broth is clean when the intestines are cleanly removed.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00009-00005609-00005909": "Now it's shrimp.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00010-00005909-00006288": "You can easily find freshly caught raw shrimp in Jeju Island.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00011-00007127-00008100": "Rinse the cleaned seafood well in clean water.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00012-00008673-00009209": "A variety of seafood to be added to the ramen is prepared.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00013-00009686-00010014": "Add some ramen water. Add 700ml generously.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00014-00010014-00010389": "Trim the bean sprouts and wash them", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00015-00010933-00011189": "Put the seafood in the boiling water first.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00016-00011533-00012089": "Add the clams first", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00017-00013036-00013500": "Add the soup and make the broth with the clams.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00018-00013529-00013853": "Add a little bit of soybean paste", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00019-00013853-00014289": "I think it would have been better if the soup was added at the end.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00020-00014412-00014843": "Add the shrimp,", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00021-00015216-00015653": "You can cut the squid and put it in, but I put it whole.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00022-00016652-00016952": "Lastly, put the abalone on.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00023-00018620-00019296": "Add green onion, noodles", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00024-00020634-00021101": "and the bean sprouts.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00025-00021117-00021600": "Seafood Ramen is ready.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00026-00022023-00023033": "Put the noodles in a bowl first and arrange the seafood.", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00027-00024342-00025689": "Add the broth", "5ypDHF_5pnM-00028-00026339-00027035": "and cut the squid into appropriate size."}}, {"audio_id": "5ypM9W_IkjE", "text": {"5ypM9W_IkjE-00000-00001095-00001356": "Hi everybody. My name is Jakub Wisniewski,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00001-00001356-00001678": "and I’m a Research Software Engineer at MI2 Data", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00002-00001678-00001957": "and a student at Warsaw University of Technology.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00003-00001957-00002171": "And today I'll be presenting my joint work", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00004-00002171-00002453": "with Przemyslaw Biecek which is R Package fairmodels.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00005-00002508-00002785": "Fairmodels is a flexible tool for bias detection,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00006-00002785-00003329": "visualization, and mitigation. Now, let's answer the question,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00007-00003329-00003603": "why should we even care about algorithmic fairness?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00008-00003603-00003836": "Well, decision-making systems and machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00009-00003836-00004082": "learning models had a history of discrimination", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00010-00004082-00004302": "and somewhat shady practices.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00011-00004302-00004555": "For example, ProPublica found that the software", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00012-00004555-00004821": "used across the United States", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00013-00004907-00005175": "to find whether someone would be arrested of this", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00014-00005175-00005387": "or not was biased against the Blacks.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00015-00005455-00005707": "In gender shades, the researchers found", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00016-00005707-00005880": "that the popular gender classifiers", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00017-00005880-00006086": "were biased against darker females.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00018-00006153-00006611": "The algorithms performed best on light male faces,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00019-00006611-00006879": "and the gap of accuracy was as high as 30%.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00020-00007033-00007356": "As The Verge reported Google removed gorillas", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00021-00007356-00007947": "from the training sets of images because the model was prone", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00022-00007947-00008156": "to categorize black people as gorillas.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00023-00008217-00008519": "So as you can see, there are many potential harms to be made,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00024-00008519-00008778": "and it is necessary to test our models", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00025-00008778-00008966": "before we put them into production.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00026-00009121-00009474": "Now, let's define this bias", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00027-00009474-00009654": "because it may have many meanings,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00028-00009654-00009983": "but in this presentation and in this fairness field,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00029-00010048-00010425": "we’ll define it as some discrimination of some groups", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00030-00010425-00010712": "of people giving unfair advantage to others.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00031-00010782-00011199": "From now on I will call those groups of people subgroups,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00032-00011199-00011570": "and one of them, the one with the most advantage,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00033-00011658-00011839": "would be called privileged subgroup.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00034-00011944-00012453": "The vector of indicators of membership to those subgroups", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00035-00012453-00012613": "will be called protected vector.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00036-00012666-00013057": "Bias can be detected by some non-discrimination criteria", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00037-00013057-00013355": "which are independence, separation and sufficiency.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00038-00013474-00013780": "Essentially they're trying to answer the question", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00039-00013780-00014105": "if the response of the model or the target of the model", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00040-00014160-00014530": "is independent of some protected vector", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00041-00014530-00014769": "or independent given some condition.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00042-00014869-00015187": "But this mathematical way of measuring bias", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00043-00015187-00015529": "isn't convenient and we'll use some relaxations", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00044-00015529-00015946": "and sometimes equivalence of those discrimination criteria.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00045-00016112-00016368": "We can do this with some fairness metrics.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00046-00016466-00016631": "Those metrics can be derived", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00047-00016631-00016959": "from confusion matrices for each subgroup.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00048-00016959-00017292": "So, with well-known metrics like true positive rate,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00049-00017344-00017637": "false positive rate, precision, accuracy,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00050-00017691-00017883": "we can now detect bias.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00051-00017883-00018125": "For example, like in ProPublica case,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00052-00018125-00018588": "we would like our model to have a similar false positive rate", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00053-00018588-00018805": "for both black and white defendants.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00054-00018974-00019266": "The backbone of fairmodels is DALEX Package", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00055-00019325-00019554": "which is a wrapper around the data and model", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00056-00019620-00019830": "and it is model agnostic,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00057-00019830-00020239": "so it does not matter if you use xgboost models", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00058-00020239-00020399": "from caret or mlr.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00059-00020482-00020775": "Fairmodels focuses on group fairness metrics", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00060-00020775-00021134": "and utilizes this interactive accumulative approach", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00061-00021134-00021499": "where after obtaining a model, you can make a fairness check.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00062-00021655-00021964": "You then receive the answer if your model is fair or not.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00063-00021964-00022146": "If your model does not pass the fairness check,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00064-00022146-00022268": "you have some options.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00065-00022268-00022611": "For example, use different data, use different model,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00066-00022611-00022872": "or maybe use some mitigation techniques.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00067-00022930-00023523": "With fairmodels you can, for example,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00068-00023523-00023787": "make a dozen of machine learning models,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00069-00023869-00024404": "then make some visualizations where you can pick the best one", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00070-00024404-00024682": "and check if this model passes fairness check.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00071-00024839-00025226": "As you can see, this sort of pipeline or model development", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00072-00025226-00025629": "flow is easy for testing and prototyping our solutions.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00073-00025769-00026042": "Now we'll dive into the details.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00074-00026042-00026448": "Let’s take general predict data where we aim to predict", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00075-00026448-00026969": "whether some person will have a good or bad risk of credit.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00076-00027020-00027299": "In this case, this is a binary classification.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00077-00027355-00027605": "And we'll be looking at bias and fairness", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00078-00027605-00027858": "with perspective of this protected vector,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00079-00027972-00028206": "which is the gender or sex of the person.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00080-00028358-00028652": "So let's start with a simple classification model,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00081-00028745-00028930": "which will be logistic regression.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00082-00029125-00029414": "The next step is to make a DALEX explainer.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00083-00029414-00029755": "This can be done with one line of code where we pass the model,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00084-00029755-00029964": "the data and the numerical target.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00085-00030024-00030249": "Now we are ready to check fairness.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00086-00030249-00030524": "The main function of fairmodels is fairness check.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00087-00030638-00031098": "It wraps around and encapsulates explainer, protected vector,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00088-00031098-00031254": "and privileged subgroup,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00089-00031254-00031586": "which describes which element of the protected vector", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00090-00031586-00031765": "is suspected of the most privileged.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00091-00031857-00032367": "A function returns object type F object or fairness object,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00092-00032367-00032899": "but we'll assign this fairness object to this variable.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00093-00033152-00033395": "The F object can of course be plotted.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00094-00033459-00033820": "It includes five metric scores depicted by the bars", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00095-00033879-00034169": "which are on top of the red and green areas.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00096-00034238-00034417": "The area symbolizes the field.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00097-00034499-00034661": "The red area symbolizes the field", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00098-00034661-00035107": "where the bias is significant. So individually,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00099-00035107-00035410": "when all the bars aligned within the green area,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00100-00035470-00035838": "then the model in terms of these metrics can be called fair.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00101-00035918-00036168": "The border between the red and green area", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00102-00036168-00036432": "can be adjusted with extra parameter.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00103-00036432-00036716": "On Y axis, the subgroups are presented", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00104-00036716-00037091": "and for each subgroup, the metrics are calculated.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00105-00037207-00037471": "If there will be more than one subgroup,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00106-00037471-00037721": "there would be more bars for this metric.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00107-00037721-00038053": "So that protected vector doesn't have to be binary,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00108-00038053-00038711": "can have many, many values or categorical values", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00109-00038809-00039088": "on some levels.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00110-00039150-00039494": "But what are those values on X axis?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00111-00039560-00039720": "Well, let's dive deeper.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00112-00039848-00040225": "The idea behind those values is the ratio of the metrics", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00113-00040225-00040600": "for unprivileged subgroup which in our case is female", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00114-00040741-00041019": "and the privileged subgroup which in our case is male.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00115-00041019-00041366": "We don't care if the metrics are high or low,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00116-00041366-00041698": "as long as the ratio of them is close to one.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00117-00041698-00041968": "For example, let's take equal opportunity ratio", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00118-00042157-00042396": "which can be measured by true positive rates.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00119-00042396-00042775": "When those true positive rate scores are close to one,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00120-00042971-00043259": "then they would be lying within the green area", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00121-00043259-00043587": "and we would say that there is no visible bias here.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00122-00043587-00043876": "So, formally speaking we would like our ratio", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00123-00043876-00044211": "to be with an epsilon and one divided by epsilon.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00124-00044265-00044604": "Where epsilon is some value between zero and one,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00125-00044604-00044887": "which denotes the lowest possible ratio", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00126-00044887-00045182": "between underprivileged and privileged subgroups.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00127-00045334-00045672": "Now, let's understand some code behind this fairness object.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00128-00045724-00045971": "The values after the privileged parameter", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00129-00046023-00046269": "are the default values for this function.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00130-00046269-00046736": "The epsilon parameter is on default set to four-fifths", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00131-00046736-00046915": "due to a guideline", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00132-00046915-00047229": "set by equal employment opportunity commission.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00133-00047413-00047813": "Generally, any selection rate below 80% or four-fifths", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00134-00047813-00048057": "can be considered as adverse impact.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00135-00048145-00048394": "Cutoffs and playoffs can also be adjusted.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00136-00048464-00048743": "Labels have to be unique for each explainer", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00137-00048743-00048894": "in fairness check.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00138-00048894-00049124": "With such a newly created fairness object,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00139-00049124-00049351": "we of course can plot it and print it.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00140-00049425-00049651": "Printing is a way of summarizing the plot.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00141-00049746-00050514": "The print method shows how many metrics does the model pass", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00142-00050514-00050877": "and it also shows the full total loss on the model,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00143-00050877-00051095": "which is summarized height of the bars.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00144-00051417-00051746": "A cool feature of fairmodels is that you can incrementally", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00145-00051746-00052028": "add explainers to fairness object.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00146-00052028-00052364": "Notice, that when we pass fairness object,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00147-00052364-00052877": "we don't have to provide any protected vector", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00148-00052877-00053023": "or privileged parameters", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00149-00053023-00053292": "because they’re already included in the object.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00150-00053370-00053563": "On the fairness check plot on the right,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00151-00053563-00053808": "we can see green bar areas", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00152-00053941-00054261": "added which denote the ranger of metrics", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00153-00054261-00054575": "for this female subgroup. It passes all of them.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00154-00054628-00055204": "So in this print method, it will be printed with green colors.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00155-00055204-00055360": "If the range would exceed", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00156-00055360-00055633": "more than one acceptable metrics score,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00157-00055690-00055850": "it would be printed in red.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00158-00056035-00056395": "Sometimes there is a need to plot un-scaled metric scores", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00159-00056451-00056849": "which are in the ratios we have seen earlier,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00160-00056849-00057162": "but the raw metrics scores of the models", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00161-00057162-00057351": "in specific subgroups.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00162-00057351-00057738": "On the plot ledger, we have colors and shapes.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00163-00057802-00058129": "Each color describes a model and each shape", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00164-00058129-00058358": "describes certain subgroup.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00165-00058358-00058742": "You might ask, “Well, is this male privilege subgroup?”", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00166-00058742-00059180": "Well, it is represented by those red vertical lines.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00167-00059180-00059411": "So the intuition behind this plot", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00168-00059411-00059604": "is that the closer the shapes", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00169-00059604-00060016": "are to those vertical lines, the better.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00170-00060308-00060629": "In some visualization, parity loss is used.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00171-00060629-00061065": "It is a custom function that aggregates some metric ratios", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00172-00061065-00061253": "over all of the subgroups.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00173-00061253-00061554": "So for example, let's take a true positive rate", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00174-00061554-00062182": "and calculate its parity loss. The intuition behind this method", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00175-00062237-00062428": "is that the bigger the difference", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00176-00062428-00062688": "between the metrics in these subgroups", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00177-00062755-00062999": "the larger the parity loss will be.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00178-00063167-00063337": "These are some other visualization", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00179-00063337-00063491": "that use parity loss", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00180-00063491-00063733": "and they can be obtained with code snippets", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00181-00063733-00063892": "and below the plots.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00182-00064090-00064386": "Those are only two of many visualizations", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00183-00064386-00064624": "that can be used in fairmodels.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00184-00064624-00064859": "On the left side there is a radar plot", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00185-00064927-00065272": "and on the right side there is a stack metrics plot.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00186-00065339-00065727": "They both visualize the amount of bias in many metrics", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00187-00065727-00066214": "at the same time. In the package,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00188-00066214-00066597": "there are also some simple bias mitigation strategies,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00189-00066597-00066944": "which can be used during a data pre-processing", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00190-00066944-00067386": "and after we create a model with explainer post processing.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00191-00067736-00068178": "The re-sampling focuses on statistical parity mitigation.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00192-00068178-00068420": "It duplicates or removes observations", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00193-00068420-00068608": "given some condition.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00194-00068608-00068888": "The reject option based classification pivot", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00195-00068953-00069105": "is a post-processing method", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00196-00069105-00069411": "that adjusts the probabilistic response of the model.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00197-00069496-00069808": "When unprivileged subgroup is close to the cutoff,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00198-00069959-00070208": "it pivots to the other side.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00199-00070434-00070770": "The opposite thing happens when the privilege subgroup", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00200-00070770-00070952": "is on the right side of the cutoff.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00201-00071205-00071425": "You can see the effects of mitigation", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00202-00071477-00071640": "on the plot on the right.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00203-00071640-00071978": "Both methods successfully mitigate the bias in our model.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00204-00072489-00072754": "Somewhat new addition to fairmodels", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00205-00072754-00073061": "is the support for regression type models.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00206-00073115-00073534": "It works just like the one for classification,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00207-00073534-00073766": "but instead of using fairness check,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00208-00073766-00074148": "user must use fairness check regression.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00209-00074363-00074844": "This experimental module is using logistic regression", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00210-00074844-00075213": "to approximate fairness, non-discrimination notions.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00211-00075282-00075787": "The module is relatively new and still awaits some feedbacks.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00212-00075839-00076175": "So if you use it, please let me know, what do you think.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00213-00076456-00076845": "To dive deeper into the concepts for fairness in fairmodels,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00214-00076845-00077328": "I recommend visiting fairmodels landing page", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00215-00077328-00077537": "available at this link.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00216-00077537-00077749": "There are many sources to choose from,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00217-00077749-00078171": "including article, blogs, documentation, and tutorials.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00218-00078247-00078592": "You can also visit our blog which focuses", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00219-00078592-00078759": "on responsible machine learning, stuff.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00220-00078759-00079303": "So things like explainability, new packages, case studies,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00221-00079303-00079770": "and there is even a whole series about basics of Explainable AI.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00222-00079889-00080170": "If you want to explain the behavior of your model", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00223-00080249-00080554": "and understand on what grounds does it make the decisions,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00224-00080554-00080726": "you can check out DALEX Package", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00225-00080802-00081424": "where there is also fairmodels in Python implemented", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00226-00081424-00081689": "as Python Package DALEX module.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00227-00082052-00082339": "That will be all from me, thank you for the attention.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00228-00082339-00082545": "I hope that I gave you some intuition", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00229-00082545-00082761": "and basic understanding of fairmodels.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00230-00082825-00083063": "If you have any questions, please go ahead.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00231-00083121-00083369": "Thank you.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00232-00083369-00083529": "Thanks a lot, Jakub.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00233-00083732-00084080": "We have a couple of questions in the Q&A.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00234-00084232-00084719": "So the first one would be, is the origin of the bias", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00235-00084719-00084941": "from the methods of collecting data", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00236-00084941-00085284": "or was it the data that were biased themselves?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00237-00085512-00085819": "Well, there are many origins of the bias.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00238-00086006-00086418": "I once saw the paper that found as many as 20 of them", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00239-00086486-00086757": "and it can be obtained", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00240-00086757-00087498": "or it can leak to the data on many stages, for example,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00241-00087498-00087721": "in the data collection or in the state", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00242-00087811-00088119": "while depicting the state of the world", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00243-00088119-00088586": "that we don't want to propagate, or for example,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00244-00088586-00088966": "while data labeling et cetera, et cetera.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00245-00088966-00090075": "So that the bias can be picked along the road, I guess.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00246-00090601-00090761": "Thank you.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00247-00090833-00091233": "Another question that we got from Andy is the following.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00248-00091288-00091556": "What would be the advantages or disadvantages", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00249-00091556-00091868": "of measuring the fairness against all cases", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00250-00091868-00092123": "rather than against only the privileged group?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00251-00092204-00092422": "Is there a way to automatically detect", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00252-00092422-00092801": "the privileged group beyond picking the larger class?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00253-00092996-00093156": "Okay, great question.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00254-00093342-00093897": "I guess there is not like this automatical way implemented,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00255-00093897-00094297": "but you can iterate for every class see", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00256-00094297-00094670": "if that this bias exists.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00257-00094767-00095147": "These numerical values can be accessed", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00258-00095147-00095850": "through the fairness objects. So there is a nice way to do it.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00259-00095850-00096191": "So I guess, yeah, it can be like iterated for each subgroup.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00260-00096707-00096867": "Thank you.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00261-00096944-00097169": "Yeah, we have more time for another question.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00262-00097289-00097418": "So just keep them coming.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00263-00097418-00097804": "We also have time after all the talks to answer more questions.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00264-00097856-00098057": "So I see another question.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00265-00098057-00098423": "What happens if the mitigation is done in a biased way?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00266-00098423-00098634": "How do you check or how do we check", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00267-00098634-00098925": "if the changes fixed the biases", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00268-00098925-00099168": "or result in introducing more bias?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00269-00099377-00099541": "Another great question.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00270-00099541-00100144": "Well, I guess that in terms of this five metrics", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00271-00100262-00100718": "that you saw on the fairness check,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00272-00100801-00101225": "you can always plot it after the mitigation to see", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00273-00101225-00101515": "if the bias in it was mitigated,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00274-00101572-00102025": "or there were some other biases introduced.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00275-00102090-00102260": "You have to also keep in mind that", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00276-00102463-00102782": "while using this bias mitigation methods,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00277-00102782-00103449": "you also affect the accuracy or the performance of your model.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00278-00103449-00103730": "So it will most likely decrease.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00279-00103785-00104092": "It is not always what we are looking for,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00280-00104166-00104596": "but it's also can be visualizing for models.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00281-00104834-00105005": "Nice. Thanks a lot.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00282-00105005-00105179": "And we can get back to more questions.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00283-00105179-00105299": "I see, there's more coming", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00284-00105299-00105549": "and I also have some questions for later, I guess.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00285-00105650-00105870": "But now let’s hand over to Liz again,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00286-00105870-00106086": "to introduce our second speakers.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00287-00106223-00106877": "Yes. Our next talk is about DoubleML or Double Machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00288-00106877-00107000": "Learning in R.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00289-00107000-00107476": "So it fits very well that we have two presenters", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00290-00107953-00108991": "Philipp Bach and Malte Kurz from University of Hamburg.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00291-00109106-00109305": "They're going to talk about the estimation", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00292-00109305-00109594": "of causal parameters by machine learning,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00293-00109653-00109922": "applied to a wide variety of models.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00294-00109922-00110082": "Let's see what they have to say.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00295-00110231-00110667": "Welcome everybody to our talk on the DoubleML package for R.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00296-00110819-00110982": "We are Malte Kurz and Philipp Bach", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00297-00110982-00111385": "from university of Hamburg and we present this project,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00298-00111385-00111832": "which is joint work with Victor Chernozhukov and Martin", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00299-00111832-00111986": "Spindler. First of all,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00300-00111986-00112368": "we would like to thank the organizers of UseR 2021", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00301-00112422-00112882": "for inviting us to present on our Application.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00302-00113307-00113497": "Today, I'm going to start", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00303-00113497-00113698": "with the introduction of Double Machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00304-00113698-00113835": "Learning framework", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00305-00113835-00114216": "which is a statistical framework for R Package.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00306-00114295-00114701": "Later, Malte is going to provide some insights", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00307-00114786-00114947": "to our implementation of R.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00308-00115156-00115343": "Let's start with this basic question.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00309-00115411-00115572": "What is Double Machine Learning?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00310-00115633-00115764": "In some sense that Double Machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00311-00115764-00116132": "Learning can be considered as a combination", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00312-00116132-00116359": "of the strengths of two separate fields.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00313-00116524-00116808": "On the one hand side, we have the literature and machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00314-00116808-00117104": "learning which is illustrated here", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00315-00117242-00117411": "by the box on the left hand side.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00316-00117411-00117641": "And the right hand side, we have a box", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00317-00117641-00117898": "which stands for the literature", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00318-00117898-00118123": "in the fields of econometrics and statistics.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00319-00118253-00118533": "Whereas in machine learning powerful tools", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00320-00118533-00118804": "have been developed that are able to deliver", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00321-00118804-00118971": "very, very accurate prediction", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00322-00118971-00119263": "rules such as Lasso or Regression Trees", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00323-00119263-00119608": "or Random forest, the statistics and econometrics literature", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00324-00119708-00120073": "has developed various approaches to causal inference", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00325-00120150-00120488": "and also delivered asymptotic analysis", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00326-00120488-00120756": "of certain estimators of causal parameters.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00327-00120935-00121100": "Double Machine Learning framework", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00328-00121170-00121654": "makes it possible to estimate causal parameter", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00329-00121749-00122183": "and thereby based estimation on these powerful machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00330-00122183-00122352": "learning techniques.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00331-00122517-00123121": "As a result, the procedure is going to output an estimator", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00332-00123121-00123294": "that has nice statistical properties", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00333-00123294-00123584": "such as an asymptotically normal distribution", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00334-00123658-00124095": "and we can set up hypothesis tests and.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00335-00124451-00124789": "On the next slide, we have listed some examples", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00336-00124789-00125013": "on when causal machine learning might be of interest.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00337-00125013-00125425": "For example, when data scientists perform and evaluate", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00338-00125425-00125877": "A/B testing when researchers evaluate the clinical studies", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00339-00125877-00126086": "or maybe in political science or economics", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00340-00126163-00126378": "when certain policy measures are evaluated.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00341-00126597-00127170": "The general question underlying all of these research agendas", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00342-00127170-00127513": "is, what is the effect of a certain treatment", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00343-00127513-00127718": "on the variable of interest?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00344-00127911-00128079": "Let's continue with this one example", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00345-00128079-00128283": "on the Partially Linear Regression model.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00346-00128366-00128688": "In this model we are interested in the causal effect", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00347-00128688-00129303": "of the Variable D on the outcome Y provided we control", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00348-00129354-00129539": "for some confounding variable X.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00349-00129622-00129933": "And this way of controlling for this confounding", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00350-00129933-00130094": "the risk can be very general.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00351-00130236-00130584": "And this model, we are interested in the parameter", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00352-00130584-00130864": "theta which represents this causal effect.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00353-00131204-00131441": "When we want to estimate this causal effect", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00354-00131441-00131618": "by using machine learning methods,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00355-00131618-00131823": "we have to be very careful in general", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00356-00131823-00132075": "because machine learning methods,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00357-00132075-00132458": "they generally introduce some form of regularization", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00358-00132458-00133036": "and thereby some bias. If we naively apply machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00359-00133036-00133438": "learning procedures to estimate the parameter of interest,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00360-00133438-00133729": "for example, in the partially linear regression model", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00361-00133729-00134434": "and the residing estimator might be severely biased", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00362-00134434-00134725": "and also have a non-normal asymptotic distribution.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00363-00134894-00135278": "In the histograms below, we have illustrations", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00364-00135278-00135665": "of two separate naive approaches.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00365-00135665-00136152": "One is based under the lasso variable selection step,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00366-00136212-00136562": "and on the second one is based on naively plugging", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00367-00136562-00136858": "in predictions of random forest.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00368-00136858-00137236": "In both these histograms we see", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00369-00137236-00137476": "that the distribution with the estimator", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00370-00137476-00137738": "is very, very different from a normal density", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00371-00137738-00137971": "which is illustrated by the red solid line.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00372-00138181-00138551": "Machine Learning framework is a general approach", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00373-00138604-00138780": "for estimation of treatment effects", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00374-00138780-00139000": "based on machine learning estimators.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00375-00139251-00139488": "Identification of the parameter of interest", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00376-00139488-00140013": "is based on a moment condition with a score function", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00377-00140013-00140321": "ψ, the data W, and a nuisance term", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00378-00140321-00140601": "η that has population or true value.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00379-00140790-00141061": "Machine learning approach can be generally summarized", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00380-00141061-00141250": "in terms of three key ingredients.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00381-00141250-00141498": "The first one is Neyman orthogonality,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00382-00141568-00141889": "the second one is the use of high quality machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00383-00141889-00142117": "learning the estimators and the third one", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00384-00142117-00142277": "is the use of sample splitting.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00385-00142352-00142728": "Let's turn to the first ingredient Neyman orthogonality.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00386-00142841-00143225": "Neyman orthogonality is the property of the score function", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00387-00143225-00143385": "that is used for identification.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00388-00143672-00144051": "The idea is that the moment condition that is used", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00389-00144051-00144289": "for identification of the causal parameter", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00390-00144496-00144875": "tolerates some small errors in estimation of the nuisance part", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00391-00144875-00145080": "η around its true value η nought.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00392-00145290-00145644": "In some sense, the estimation procedure is now immunized", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00393-00145644-00146053": "against these first order of regularization bias", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00394-00146053-00146421": "that reside from using machine learning estimators.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00395-00146575-00146854": "In the partial linear regression example, we saw before,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00396-00146854-00147042": "we can establish orthogonality", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00397-00147042-00147257": "by including an additional regression step.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00398-00147309-00147623": "Here, if we include the first stage relationship,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00399-00147688-00147849": "which is the regression of the treatment", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00400-00147849-00148379": "Variable D and all covariates X, we can achieve", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00401-00148444-00148695": "or we can get the Neyman orthogonal score", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00402-00148695-00149273": "to test the formula which now has two nuisance components.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00403-00149273-00149438": "First one is the function g", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00404-00149438-00149697": "showing up in the main regression equation", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00405-00149697-00150004": "and the m comes from the first stage and step.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00406-00150297-00150569": "Let's go to the second key ingredient,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00407-00150569-00150907": "which is the use of a High Quality Machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00408-00150907-00151035": "Learning estimates.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00409-00151035-00151235": "So in general, we want to use of course,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00410-00151296-00151569": "a very, very accurate machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00411-00151569-00151880": "learning methods for estimation of our nuisance part η.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00412-00152024-00152275": "In theoretical terms this amounts to rate of", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00413-00152275-00152554": "and the rate of convergence", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00414-00152554-00152838": "associated with the estimators in use.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00415-00153036-00153470": "In practice, when we think about the use of machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00416-00153470-00153590": "learning methods", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00417-00153590-00153928": "we will base this on structured assumptions, for example,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00418-00153928-00154255": "whenever we are willing to make an assumption of sparsity,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00419-00154255-00154719": "we want to maybe use some estimate like lasso.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00420-00154820-00155022": "The third ingredient is the use of sample", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00421-00155022-00155559": "splitting which is common procedure in machine learning.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00422-00155698-00156269": "Sample splitting avoids biases that arise from over fitting.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00423-00156364-00156544": "So in the algorithm of the Double Machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00424-00156544-00156868": "Learning estimator, we fit the machine methods", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00425-00156868-00157116": "only on one part of the data, train sample.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00426-00157190-00157645": "We generate prediction on the hold out sample", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00427-00157645-00157963": "which is test sample. And then we can swap the roles,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00428-00158039-00158214": "which is called then cross-fitting.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00429-00158314-00158677": "By swapping the roles, we can basically use every observation", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00430-00158677-00158950": "the dataset wants for training and wants for fitting.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00431-00159085-00159437": "Once we obtain these predictions by this procedure,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00432-00159437-00159642": "we can plug them in into the score", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00433-00159642-00159817": "and solve for our target parameter.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00434-00160043-00160458": "Once we include all of these three ingredients", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00435-00160533-00160722": "and under some regularity assumptions,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00436-00160722-00161014": "it can be shown that Double Machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00437-00161014-00161174": "Learning Estimator", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00438-00161239-00161434": "is asymptotically normally distributed.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00439-00161493-00161777": "For more details involved, and this is why", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00440-00161777-00162200": "we refer to the paper by Chernozhukov et al 2018", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00441-00162200-00162464": "and also in our package vignette which is available online", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00442-00162464-00162866": "and we have addition to introduction", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00443-00162921-00163125": "to the Double Machine Learning framework.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00444-00163227-00163527": "To compute our partial linear regression simulation example,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00445-00163604-00164052": "we included CNR to the two histograms", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00446-00164052-00164246": "that are associated with the machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00447-00164246-00164544": "learning estimators, based on lasso and random forest", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00448-00164605-00165126": "where we'll use now orthogonous score and sample splitting.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00449-00165126-00165377": "And we see that infinity distribution", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00450-00165377-00165652": "is now much more similar to the normal density", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00451-00165652-00165861": "that is illustrated by the red solid line.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00452-00165933-00166203": "That was the theory part and now I hand over to Malte.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00453-00166534-00166684": "Yeah, thank you Philipp.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00454-00166684-00167100": "After we have now learned how this Double Machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00455-00167100-00167290": "Learning framework works", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00456-00167290-00167457": "we now want to have a closer look", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00457-00167457-00167863": "at the actual implementation into R Package called DoubleML.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00458-00168022-00168208": "We have just learnt,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00459-00168208-00168570": "what are the three key ingredients of Double Machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00460-00168570-00168759": "Learning, namely the orthogonal score,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00461-00168759-00168883": "high quality machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00462-00168883-00169093": "learning methods and sample splitting.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00463-00169093-00169311": "And these three key ingredients", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00464-00169311-00169750": "also translate to the central parts of our implementation.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00465-00169750-00170143": "So the orthogonal score, that's the central role", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00466-00170143-00170664": "via an object-oriented implementation using R6 classes.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00467-00170664-00171117": "And we also want to provide the user the ability", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00468-00171117-00171393": "to use high quality machine learning methods.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00469-00171393-00171918": "This is achieved by having the API flexible", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00470-00171989-00172326": "with regards to using all the machine learning methods", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00471-00172326-00172749": "that are available via the mlr3 ecosystem.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00472-00172814-00173086": "And also sample splitting is needed", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00473-00173086-00173393": "and here we also built it off of mlr3.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00474-00173521-00173966": "So we have just learned the main dependencies of our DoubleML", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00475-00173966-00174090": "R package", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00476-00174090-00174536": "are the mlr3 ecosystem in terms of the mlr3 package,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00477-00174536-00174952": "the mlr3 learners and the mlr3 tuning package.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00478-00174952-00175467": "Besides that, for object orientation we need R6 package", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00479-00175467-00175942": "and as a data back-end, we use for efficient data search,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00480-00175942-00176127": "we use data table.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00481-00176127-00176421": "How could you install or get our package?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00482-00176505-00176928": "It is available on -- we release it to CRAN", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00483-00176928-00177237": "so you can install it as a standard command", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00484-00177237-00177558": "and to the Development version is available through GitHub.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00485-00177672-00177996": "So why did we actually choose to implement this", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00486-00177996-00178217": "in an object oriented fashion?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00487-00178217-00178585": "So we have learned that this Neyman orthogonal score function", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00488-00178585-00178745": "is having a prominent role.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00489-00178813-00179228": "And if we have defined this Neyman orthogonal score function", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00490-00179228-00179453": "for a model we are interested in,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00491-00179453-00179896": "we can implement a lot of things in a very general way.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00492-00179896-00180290": "So if we have defined this score function we can, for example,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00493-00180290-00180595": "implement the estimation of orthogonal power meters,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00494-00180595-00180815": "the computation of the score function,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00495-00180815-00181111": "estimation of standard, errors or confidence intervals,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00496-00181111-00181343": "and also a multiplier bootstrapped;", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00497-00181343-00181642": "in a general way, just using the score function.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00498-00181697-00182038": "And this is actually done in an extract base class", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00499-00182038-00182182": "called DoubleML.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00500-00182182-00182605": "And from this, we can then inherit all the model classes.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00501-00182605-00183000": "So the only model specific parts are then,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00502-00183000-00183241": "how does score function is actually implemented", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00503-00183241-00183604": "and which new results models we have to estimate", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00504-00183604-00183813": "using ML methods.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00505-00184003-00184467": "And coming to what model classes do we have.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00506-00184467-00185130": "So Philipp introduced to us the partial linear regression model", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00507-00185130-00185290": "we see here on the left.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00508-00185368-00185545": "But we also have other model classes.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00509-00185545-00185838": "So at the moment we have four different models.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00510-00185838-00186146": "And for example, if you want to add an instrumental variable", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00511-00186146-00186374": "to your partially linear regression models,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00512-00186374-00186713": "you can use the partial linear IV regression model", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00513-00186713-00187059": "or if you are interested in heterogeneous treatment effects", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00514-00187059-00187348": "we have also interactive regression models.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00515-00187348-00187840": "And all those model classes are inherited from the DoubleML", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00516-00187840-00188159": "abstract base class and you can then, for example,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00517-00188159-00188508": "also extend that by adding up model classes.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00518-00188626-00188994": "So what are the main advantages of this object", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00519-00188994-00189239": "oriented implementation of DoubleML?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00520-00189239-00189701": "So, first of all, it gives the user a very high flexibility", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00521-00189798-00190115": "with regards to the model specification.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00522-00190115-00190438": "So you can throw in all the different ML methods", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00523-00190438-00190639": "you might want to use", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00524-00190639-00190893": "for estimating and resource functions.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00525-00190893-00191213": "You can alter the re-sampling schemes.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00526-00191213-00191619": "So how many folds are you using? How many repetitions", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00527-00191619-00191864": "are you using for the repeated cross-fitting?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00528-00191864-00192277": "You can choose among two different DML algorithms", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00529-00192277-00192529": "and you can also choose among different Neyman", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00530-00192529-00192719": "orthogonal score functions.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00531-00192719-00193317": "A second key advantage is that this R Package DoubleML", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00532-00193317-00193720": "is easily extendable. So you can add new model classes", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00533-00193720-00194323": "by inheriting from this central abstract base class DoubleML,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00534-00194323-00194472": "but you can, for example,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00535-00194472-00194962": "also add other resembling schemes.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00536-00195124-00195668": "Last, I wanted to quickly advertise our online resources.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00537-00195668-00195935": "So we have a website doubleml.org.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00538-00195935-00196556": "There you find an extensive user guides and a lot of examples,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00539-00196556-00196717": "but you can also, for example,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00540-00196717-00196995": "see there that we have a Python twin.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00541-00196995-00197182": "So if you are not the only interested in R", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00542-00197182-00197597": "but also sometimes use Python that's also a way to compare.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00543-00197597-00197959": "And in addition, we of course have a package vignette,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00544-00197959-00198321": "which is available as an archive working paper.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00545-00198321-00198556": "And with that, I'd like to conclude", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00546-00198556-00198809": "and I want to thank you for watching this video.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00547-00198809-00199192": "And we are looking forward to the discussions", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00548-00199192-00199397": "at the user conference.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00549-00199397-00199707": "And as we have a bit of time left,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00550-00199707-00199857": "I want to quickly show you,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00551-00199857-00200299": "we have two papers available for the two different packages", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00552-00200299-00200625": "and on our websites, you, for example,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00553-00200625-00200988": "also find things like the DoubleML amount workflow.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00554-00200988-00201403": "It's basically showing you how for a data example", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00555-00201403-00201739": "you can use the DoubleML package", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00556-00201739-00202165": "and it basically takes you through the important steps", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00557-00202165-00202544": "to do to use DoubleML for causal machine learning.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00558-00202609-00202732": "Thank you.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00559-00202732-00202950": "So thanks a lot, both of you.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00560-00203033-00203208": "We're still waiting for questions,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00561-00203208-00203486": "so please everyone type your questions.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00562-00203609-00203775": "In the meantime, I would like to say,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00563-00203775-00204182": "I really like the logo of your package.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00564-00204260-00204519": "I would also like to know how you came up with that.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00565-00204653-00205153": "But I can also start with a question on your talk.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00566-00205153-00205629": "So at the end you said that DoubleML is really easily", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00567-00205629-00206105": "extendable to other models or all kinds of models.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00568-00206182-00206538": "Did you get any feedback from people who tried to extend it", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00569-00206638-00206878": "and made good experiences with that?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00570-00206878-00207038": "So I think I can take this one.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00571-00207223-00207452": "Yes, we already got some feedback and of course,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00572-00207452-00207648": "I mean the paper", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00573-00207648-00207948": "by Victor Chernozhukov on Double Machine Learning,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00574-00207948-00208187": "it’s pretty general and its very general approach.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00575-00208187-00208696": "So it's, I think, pretty common as statistical framework", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00576-00208696-00209021": "that its first developed in a very general way.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00577-00209107-00209646": "And practitioners have to adjust the details", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00578-00209646-00209817": "according to their analysis, right?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00579-00209817-00210032": "So you have to class standardize for example,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00580-00210032-00210753": "or you want to take some extension,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00581-00210753-00210873": "some slight modification.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00582-00210873-00211019": "You want to trim your propensities", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00583-00211019-00211271": "and all these little things that you have to tune", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00584-00211271-00211602": "and to parameterize in your analysis.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00585-00211602-00211762": "And I think this is the part", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00586-00211869-00212155": "we are currently developing the package", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00587-00212155-00212406": "and we are going to integrate more", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00588-00212406-00212996": "and more of these details that are more relevant.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00589-00212996-00213151": "Or they're not details and analysis,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00590-00213151-00213292": "but they are relevant", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00591-00213292-00213528": "if you really work on a particular application.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00592-00213700-00213885": "That makes a lot of sense. Thank you.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00593-00213996-00214387": "So I see there's quite some questions coming in.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00594-00214519-00214646": "That's also one of the questions", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00595-00214646-00214894": "that I actually had from Andy Prick .", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00596-00215014-00215375": "Were there particular real world applications", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00597-00215375-00215563": "which inspired you to do this work?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00598-00216033-00216364": "So we have some experience.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00599-00216364-00216636": "So we are here to check statistics", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00600-00216636-00217007": "and we already have some experience with using,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00601-00217100-00217261": "basically lasso based methods", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00602-00217261-00217458": "for causal inference and practice.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00603-00217554-00217798": "And then the natural developmental extension", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00604-00217798-00218013": "was generalizing it to this Double Machine", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00605-00218013-00218198": "Learning approach where you basically", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00606-00218198-00218467": "can use any kind of learner. And then of course we're curious", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00607-00218467-00218766": "and want to find out if everything works well.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00608-00218766-00218996": "And yes, and then this is how we got to this product.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00609-00218996-00219327": "So actually it was of course given because", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00610-00219327-00219857": "we want to use all these machine learning stuff in applications.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00611-00220191-00220333": "Great.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00612-00220333-00220788": "I see a more like provocative question from Carlos, I guess.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00613-00220844-00221135": "You're combining machine learning and statistics.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00614-00221135-00221299": "Do you want to conquer the world?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00615-00221388-00222182": "I don't know how to answer this question.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00616-00222182-00222401": "Malte, you can help me out, in this.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00617-00222488-00222654": "So we don't have plans to conquer the world.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00618-00222654-00223178": "We just want to try to combine these two different literatures", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00619-00223178-00223332": "because they’re of course relevant.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00620-00223332-00223556": "And I mean one end side the machine learning literature", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00621-00223556-00223882": "is developing very, very quickly, on the other side", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00622-00224012-00224309": "there's more and more happening in causal inference", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00623-00224309-00224606": "and there are more causal models appearing in .", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00624-00224606-00224989": "So I think conquering the world is like the super,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00625-00225056-00225186": "super big goal,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00626-00225186-00225517": "even like keeping up with the pace of publications,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00627-00225517-00225958": "this is kind of still challenging goal.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00628-00225958-00226619": "So I think we try to be productive at all.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00629-00226696-00227028": "Maybe let's get that [indiscernible].", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00630-00227028-00227384": "Maybe I can come back to this after the last talk.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00631-00227481-00227792": "So I invite Liz again to present our last speaker.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00632-00227892-00228052": "Thank you for the questions.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00633-00228207-00228927": "Our next speaker is Jian Ma from Tsinghua University in Beijing.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00634-00229090-00229653": "And he is going to talk to us about his package called copent,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00635-00229919-00230798": "for Estimating copula entropy and Transfer Entropy in R.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00636-00230798-00231183": "So, let's see what he's has to say.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00637-00231362-00231563": "Hello users, I'm Ma Jian.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00638-00231648-00231967": "I got my PhD from Tsinghua University,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00639-00231967-00232419": "majoring, Computer Science. The title of my talk is copent:", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00640-00232419-00232805": "Estimating copula entropy and the Transfer Entropy in R.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00641-00232904-00233198": "In this talk, I will introduce the package copent,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00642-00233275-00233548": "A package for estimating copula entropy", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00643-00233548-00233709": "and the Transfer Entropy.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00644-00233771-00234033": "This work is part of my future thesis.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00645-00234107-00234516": "The copent package was first developed during my PhD study.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00646-00234683-00234880": "This is the content of my talk.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00647-00234880-00235163": "In this talk, I will first give a brief introduction", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00648-00235163-00235348": "on background of copula entropy.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00649-00235426-00235801": "Next, I will introduce the implementation of the package.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00650-00235921-00236162": "Two examples will be for next.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00651-00236162-00236536": "One on variable selection the other one on casual discovery.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00652-00236666-00236898": "Finally, summary and some information.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00653-00237069-00237548": "First introduction, statistical independence", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00654-00237548-00237886": "and conditional independence are two fundamental concepts", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00655-00237886-00238185": "in statistics with many applications.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00656-00238276-00238616": "copula entropy is a mathematical concept", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00657-00238616-00238927": "for multivariate statistical independence", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00658-00239001-00239266": "which I proposed during my PhD study.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00659-00239463-00239721": "I also propose a non- parametrical method", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00660-00239721-00239967": "for estimating it in my PhD studies.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00661-00240083-00240390": "Transfer Entropy is a tool for measuring casualty.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00662-00240471-00240876": "It generalizes the famous casualty for nonlinear cases.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00663-00240967-00241384": "Recently I proved it can be represented with only CE", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00664-00241437-00241676": "and therefore can also be estimated", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00665-00241676-00241873": "non-parametrically via CE.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00666-00241973-00242351": "The copent package in R implements about mastered", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00667-00242351-00242563": "for estimating CE and TE.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00668-00242694-00243023": "This talk introduces the implementation of the package", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00669-00243082-00243382": "and then compares it with the other related packages.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00670-00243525-00243713": "This slide is for Copula Theory.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00671-00243814-00244165": "Copula Theory is about the representation of multivariate", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00672-00244165-00244434": "dependents with the so-called copula function", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00673-00244544-00244823": "and the core of the theory is the Sklar’s Theorem", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00674-00244823-00244984": "as shown on the slide.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00675-00245090-00245417": "With the Copula Theory, we gave the definition", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00676-00245417-00245736": "and the theorem in the theory of copula entropy.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00677-00245871-00246296": "We first define copula entropy a type of entropy defined", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00678-00246296-00246477": "with copula density function", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00679-00246559-00246732": "which will improve the equivalence", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00680-00246732-00246994": "between mutual information and the copula entropy.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00681-00247082-00247364": "The theorem says that mutual information,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00682-00247364-00247564": "it actually negative for copula entropy.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00683-00247630-00247966": "The difference is that mutual information is defined", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00684-00247966-00248126": "for priority cases", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00685-00248182-00248456": "and copula entropy is for multivariate cases.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00686-00248589-00248810": "Copula entropy is an ideal measure", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00687-00248810-00249186": "for statistical independence with several good properties", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00688-00249259-00249434": "that the other measures don't have.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00689-00249498-00249830": "Such as the multivariate, symmetric, non-negative,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00690-00249912-00250269": "equal zero if and only if in the independent cases,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00691-00250269-00250633": "invariant to monotonic transformation", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00692-00250715-00250935": "and the equivalent to traditional correlation", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00693-00250935-00251275": "coefficient in Gaussian cases.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00694-00251366-00251651": "The table on the slide compares copula entropy", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00695-00251651-00252179": "with two other famous measures, distance correlations, and HSIC.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00696-00252398-00252594": "We can see that the copula entropy", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00697-00252594-00252844": "has several advantages over the other two.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00698-00253009-00253315": "This slide is the measure for estimating CE.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00699-00253410-00253735": "But it's well known, estimating mutual information", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00700-00253735-00253977": "is considered notoriously difficult.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00701-00254079-00254456": "Here, we propose a method for estimating mutual information", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00702-00254456-00254821": "or copula entropy based on the theorem just mentioned.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00703-00254944-00255285": "It’s simply an composed of two simple steps.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00704-00255344-00255739": "First, estimating empirical copula density function", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00705-00255739-00255898": "with rank statistic.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00706-00255983-00256379": "Then the problem became entropy estimation problem.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00707-00256517-00256921": "Among the available methods we propose to use KSG", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00708-00256921-00257136": "for estimating entropy.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00709-00257256-00257491": "Because the both steps are non-parametric,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00710-00257491-00257744": "so the final method is non-parametric.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00711-00257852-00258158": "It has several advantages as shown on the slide.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00712-00258248-00258453": "Please refer to the paper on the slide", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00713-00258453-00258673": "if you're interested in more details.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00714-00259091-00259367": "This slide for estimating transfer entropy.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00715-00259367-00259709": "The transfer entropy is an important concept", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00716-00259709-00259869": "for measuring casualty.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00717-00259953-00260296": "It is essentially conditionally independent testing.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00718-00260396-00260667": "It has wide applications in different fields.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00719-00260753-00261039": "However, estimating it is also difficult", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00720-00261039-00261198": "just as the mutual information.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00721-00261302-00261580": "Recently, I proved that transfer entropy", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00722-00261580-00261786": "can be represented with only CE,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00723-00261786-00261971": "see as shown in the equation five.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00724-00262073-00262388": "Transfer entropy equals to three CE terms.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00725-00262388-00262548": "With this representation,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00726-00262631-00262844": "we propose a non-parametric measure", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00727-00262844-00263027": "for estimating transfer entropy,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00728-00263091-00263339": "composed of those two simple steps.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00729-00263339-00263822": "First, estimating the three terms in the equation five,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00730-00263822-00264216": "and then calculating TE from the estimated to CE terms.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00731-00264509-00264636": "After the theory,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00732-00264636-00265015": "this slide is for an overview of copent package.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00733-00265116-00265508": "It implements the methods for estimating copula entropy", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00734-00265508-00265703": "and the transfer entropy.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00735-00265703-00266158": "The latest version is 0.2 and includes five functions", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00736-00266158-00266318": "that we see on the slides.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00737-00266394-00266585": "I will introduce them one by one.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00738-00266811-00267091": "This slide is for the three functions", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00739-00267091-00267251": "for estimating copula entropy.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00740-00267337-00267581": "The method for estimating copula entropy", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00741-00267581-00267791": "is composed of two steps.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00742-00267791-00268057": "So we have two functions for each step.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00743-00268210-00268449": "Construct empirical copula,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00744-00268449-00268708": "it for estimating empirical copula density", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00745-00268806-00269285": "and the ENTKNN implement the KSG method for estimating entropy.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00746-00269346-00269536": "Here for estimating copula entropy", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00747-00269536-00269870": "from empirical copula density from the first tab.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00748-00270008-00270459": "And the main function copent is with two lines of codes", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00749-00270557-00271063": "calling for about two functions. For users’ convenience,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00750-00271063-00271393": "the copent function returns negative copula entropy.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00751-00271706-00272018": "CI is the function of testing conditional independence.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00752-00272093-00272442": "It's simple, just estimating CE terms", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00753-00272442-00272602": "and calculating the result.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00754-00272739-00273026": "Transent is the function for estimating TE.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00755-00273107-00273435": "It is also simple. Just preparing the data,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00756-00273491-00273827": "according to the argument lag which is for time lag.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00757-00273912-00274152": "And then calling for the function CI", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00758-00274221-00274408": "because transfer entropy", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00759-00274408-00274688": "is essentially conditional independents.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00760-00274825-00275207": "Now, let's demonstrate the usage of the package with examples.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00761-00275306-00275560": "The first example is on Variable Selection.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00762-00275680-00275959": "The paper and the code for this example", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00763-00275959-00276163": "you will see at the bottom of the slides.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00764-00276444-00276715": "Variable selections with the copula entropy simulates", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00765-00276715-00276857": "with select variables", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00766-00276857-00277196": "based on the rank or the association between variable", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00767-00277196-00277417": "and the target measured by copula entropy.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00768-00277536-00277838": "There are several other related relating measures in R", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00769-00277906-00278497": "such as HSIC in dHSIC Package, Distance Correlation", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00770-00278497-00279025": "in energy package, HHG test in the HHG package,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00771-00279120-00279285": "Hoeffing’s D test,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00772-00279285-00279752": "and the Bergsma-Dassios T* sign covariance", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00773-00279752-00279912": "in the independent package,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00774-00279967-00280189": "and Ball Correlation in the Ball Package.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00775-00280271-00280511": "We will compare them in this example.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00776-00280679-00280982": "The data viewed here is a heart disease data", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00777-00280982-00281505": "in the UCI measuring . It contains four databases,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00778-00281505-00282009": "including 899 samples without missing values.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00779-00282108-00282609": "And each sample had 76 attributes of which", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00780-00282609-00282913": "the number 58 is for diagnoses", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00781-00282999-00283284": "and the 13 attributes of them are recommended", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00782-00283284-00283543": "by the professionals as a clinical relevant.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00783-00283642-00283938": "The goal of the example is what the lab attributes", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00784-00283996-00284170": "for predicting diagnosis.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00785-00284305-00284585": "We logged data from the UCI server", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00786-00284585-00284812": "directly with the code on the slide.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00787-00285038-00285236": "Here is the main code for the example.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00788-00285317-00285717": "We call the functions for all the measures in our packages.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00789-00285799-00286366": "With this code, we estimate the dependence attributes number 58,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00790-00286366-00286526": "and the other attributes.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00791-00286627-00286888": "This slides show the figures for the selection", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00792-00286888-00287071": "result with the six members.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00793-00287153-00287544": "The red line, each sub figure is for the dependence", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00794-00287544-00287899": "between number 58 and number 16 attributes,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00795-00287973-00288232": "which is the selections threshold for each measure.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00796-00288313-00288434": "This slide", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00797-00288434-00288724": "for the interpretability of the selections,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00798-00288822-00289133": "we compare the selections with the recommended variables", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00799-00289193-00289553": "to track the number of the selected recommended variables.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00800-00289630-00289978": "We'll see that copula entropy select", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00801-00289978-00290171": "more than the other measures did.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00802-00290393-00290686": "Next, is an example on casual discovery.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00803-00290747-00290986": "The paper and the code for this example", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00804-00290986-00291212": "are listed at the bottom of the slides.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00805-00291384-00291637": "Causal discovery is to infer casualty", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00806-00291637-00291811": "from observational date.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00807-00291898-00292275": "Here, we will infer estimating transfer entropy", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00808-00292275-00292792": "with the copent package. There are also other R Packages", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00809-00292792-00293146": "including Kernel-based Conditional Independent", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00810-00293146-00293677": "in the CondIndTests package, Conditional Distance Correlation", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00811-00293732-00293950": "in the CDCSIS Package,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00812-00294011-00294253": "and the COndition DEpendence Coefficients", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00813-00294253-00294424": "in the FOCI package.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00814-00294638-00294943": "The data used here is the Beijing PM 2.5,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00815-00294943-00295204": "data also from the UCI directory", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00816-00295270-00295602": "containing the hourly observation lasting five years.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00817-00295694-00296139": "It has several metrological factors.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00818-00296139-00296486": "In this example, we use the pressure factor.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00819-00296587-00296747": "To avoid the meeting value,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00820-00296747-00297081": "we use only a part of continuous observation", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00821-00297081-00297317": "including 501 samples.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00822-00297430-00297636": "Here, is a mine code of the example.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00823-00297711-00297874": "We'll estimate occasional strengths", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00824-00297874-00298398": "from pressure to PM2.5 in 1 hour to 24 hours.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00825-00298499-00298824": "We first prepared the data according to the lag hours", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00826-00298878-00299087": "and then called function for each measure.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00827-00299190-00299492": "For transfer entropy, we have two ways of doing the job.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00828-00299575-00299914": "We can call the function and transcend directly", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00829-00299914-00300206": "or we can call the function CI with the prepared date.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00830-00300370-00300715": "This slide shows estimation results with different measures.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00831-00300775-00301088": "We can see that transfer entropy, CDC", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00832-00301088-00301304": "and the CODEC had similar results.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00833-00301482-00301830": "Now, let me summarize the talk. First, I introduced", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00834-00301830-00302042": "the background of the copent package.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00835-00302116-00302435": "Then I introduced the implementation of the package.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00836-00302513-00302707": "Next, I use two examples", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00837-00302707-00302912": "to demonstrate the usage of the package", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00838-00302969-00303239": "and then compare it with the other R packages.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00839-00303348-00303749": "This slides show the reference for this talk", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00840-00303942-00304123": "and this slide shows the software.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00841-00304207-00304664": "The copent packaging and Python are now available on CRAN", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00842-00304664-00305100": "and the PyPI respectively and also on my GitHub.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00843-00305226-00305474": "And finally, let me show my luxury car,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00844-00305633-00305837": "a Golf I named copula entropy.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00845-00305902-00306238": "I enjoy the power of copula entropy on my way to office", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00846-00306290-00306450": "and also in my office.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00847-00306565-00306920": "copula entropy really gave me a lot of fun every day.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00848-00306920-00307269": "I hope you can also enjoy it with the copula package.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00849-00307269-00307429": "Thank you for listening.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00850-00307490-00307687": "Thanks a lot for your talk, Jian.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00851-00307764-00307924": "Thank you.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00852-00307994-00308393": "So there's no questions from your audience yet currently,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00853-00308393-00308611": "but let it come please.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00854-00308770-00308973": "But I can start with the question.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00855-00309100-00309260": "Which ones should I choose.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00856-00309355-00309889": "So for example, for the variable selection example that you had,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00857-00309998-00310370": "you compared different methods or different R packages", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00858-00310442-00310848": "and showed the results and the copula entropy framework", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00859-00310848-00311104": "selected more variables than the other.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00860-00311104-00311572": "So is there a reason for that? Can you explain that?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00861-00311854-00312483": "I think I can explain from theoretical or practically.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00862-00312537-00312800": "Theoretically, I think that the copula entropy", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00863-00312800-00313070": "is defined rigorously.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00864-00313070-00313590": "It's I think ideal mathematical concept for strategy", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00865-00313590-00313991": "for independents measures and compare", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00866-00313991-00314569": "with other theoretical tools.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00867-00314730-00315004": "I think it has an advantage over others.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00868-00315077-00315692": "And the method estimating those measures,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00869-00315692-00316339": "I think our estimation measures non-parametrically.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00870-00316339-00317010": "So it's a model free, it can be applied to any method", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00871-00317010-00317580": "and also takes advantage of the Copula function", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00872-00317580-00317886": "which can make our estimation method", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00873-00318169-00318521": "more stable and more reliable.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00874-00318625-00318828": "So I think I answered your questions", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00875-00318828-00319087": "from these two aspects. Thank you.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00876-00319337-00319590": "Yeah, also regarding the same example", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00877-00319666-00320028": "since you compared these different methodologies,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00878-00320028-00320333": "did you also compare the predictive performance", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00879-00320333-00320541": "of the different --", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00880-00320541-00320838": "the models that came out of the different frameworks?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00881-00320979-00321159": "Yes, I did.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00882-00321159-00321624": "In another paper I showed in the reference slides,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00883-00321624-00321985": "there is a paper titled Variables Selection", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00884-00321985-00322146": "with copula entropy.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00885-00322146-00322601": "In that paper, I show more details on these examples.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00886-00322827-00322992": "After we select variables,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00887-00322992-00323477": "we compared to the predictability of each models", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00888-00323477-00323942": "and the model build with copula entropy", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00889-00324031-00324476": "also present the highest predictability.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00890-00324801-00325115": "Great. I see a question now from Martin Maxilla.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00891-00325115-00325502": "He also gave a comment in the questions that you can look at.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00892-00325660-00325961": "They also in the current package copula", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00893-00326120-00326462": "provided or estimated the empirical copula.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00894-00326551-00327004": "And then the question is how do you tune the smoothing", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00895-00327004-00327304": "when estimating the empirical copula?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00896-00327764-00328105": "Estimating empirical copula is very simple.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00897-00328105-00328400": "It's just use the rounds that is taped", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00898-00328462-00328893": "and divide it by the sample size,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00899-00328973-00329517": "we got the empirical copula. That's very simple.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00900-00329640-00330234": "Just two or three lines of code, we can do the job.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00901-00330656-00330856": "I hope that answers your question, Martin,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00902-00330856-00331088": "otherwise, just ask another one.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00903-00331288-00331665": "So we have two more minutes reserved for you.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00904-00331756-00332008": "So I can ask another one of my questions.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00905-00332550-00332966": "He actually said that he thanks you and found sometimes --", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00906-00333091-00333274": "they found in their package, I guess,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00907-00333274-00333626": "that sometimes it needs tuning to smooth it.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00908-00333626-00333761": "Yeah.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00909-00333761-00333884": "Okay. Thank you.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00910-00333884-00334158": "So I don't know if you want to go on with that.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00911-00334158-00334386": "But otherwise my question would be,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00912-00334386-00334793": "so you also implemented your method in Python.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00913-00334928-00335441": "Do you see advantages to R or why did you do that?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00914-00335664-00336222": "Because I think our estimation method is metered", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00915-00336222-00336618": "to be applied to more areas.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00916-00336618-00337049": "So I have applied in my projects.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00917-00337233-00337624": "I have applied to several projects so successively,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00918-00337624-00337939": "so I think maybe copula entropy can be applied", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00919-00337939-00338335": "to the much larger passing community.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00920-00338409-00338725": "We can use copent package.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00921-00338805-00339559": "And also I see many present users", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00922-00339559-00339922": "have used my package in their project.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00923-00339922-00340106": "I got many feedbacks from them.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00924-00340432-00340791": "That's great if it's used that's why you created it,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00925-00340791-00340994": "I guess.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00926-00340994-00341402": "So I believe now you're in the Global", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00927-00341402-00341759": "or Q&A part of this session.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00928-00341759-00342129": "So I invite all the speakers to come back to the stage", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00929-00342189-00342412": "and switch on their cameras if they want.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00930-00343109-00343339": "And I invite all the participants", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00931-00343339-00343670": "to keep on asking questions also in Slack.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00932-00343811-00344195": "So Liz, do you have a question that you would like to ask", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00933-00344195-00344370": "to one of the speakers before I go?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00934-00344424-00345081": "I don't. Go good for it. All right.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00935-00345187-00345617": "So I hope that I give them out to the right speakers.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00936-00345617-00345940": "I tried to write it down, but I'm not a 100% sure", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00937-00345940-00346220": "that I did this correctly.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00938-00346291-00346615": "So I guess the first one that I would like to ask,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00939-00346615-00346937": "goes to Jakub from Anastasia.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00940-00347078-00347523": "Do you think that unsupervised algorithms can also be biased?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00941-00347784-00347993": "Well, I guess so.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00942-00348176-00348651": "I guess it's because we have some data,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00943-00348722-00348911": "we make this unsupervised learning.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00944-00348911-00349403": "We are for example, clustering something", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00945-00349586-00350006": "and we measure the distance, for example,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00946-00350006-00350503": "between the clusters maybe in such way.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00947-00350626-00351041": "But I didn't focus my research on unsupervised learning.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00948-00351041-00351717": "So I don't know if there are some, for example, like packages", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00949-00351717-00352379": "and maybe more research methods on this topic.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00950-00352874-00353121": "Thank you also, if the others if they want to jump in,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00951-00353121-00353281": "that's totally fine.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00952-00353351-00353893": "Yeah, I think we're going on with bias.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00953-00353893-00354078": "So I guess it's also again for Jakub.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00954-00354398-00354714": "Are you testing the biases removed model", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00955-00354714-00355057": "against the separate data set or can you use cross validation?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00956-00355222-00355692": "You can use, I guess, some different data for example", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00957-00355970-00356433": "you may use like train your models on training data", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00958-00356433-00356705": "and of course evaluators on the test data.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00959-00356797-00357105": "And you can measure fairness on this test data, of course.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00960-00357344-00357561": "I don't know if it answers your question,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00961-00357561-00357996": "but also informal as you can, just use different, for example,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00962-00357996-00358431": "columns or different pre-process data,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00963-00358431-00358846": "et cetera, et cetera, as long as the target variables match", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00964-00358975-00359251": "and you are predicting on the same,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00965-00359251-00359754": "for example set of people or instances.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00966-00360354-00360649": "Yeah. And then, like I said, there's more question for you.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00967-00360731-00361123": "Is there any particular stage of collecting and analyzing data", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00968-00361123-00361579": "when we should start paying attention to bias detection?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00969-00361944-00363146": "I guess the most focus should be put on the data gathering", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00970-00363146-00363801": "and thinking about what features do we need", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00971-00363801-00364508": "to get into this data to predict the outcome.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00972-00364508-00365122": "Maybe some features like the gender", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00973-00365122-00365896": "or the place where it doesn’t state personally,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00974-00365896-00366026": "et cetera, et cetera.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00975-00366026-00366329": "And some correlated variables like the zip codes,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00976-00366386-00366762": "which may indicate where someone is from.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00977-00366997-00368199": "I guess this is the setting of that data gathering", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00978-00368199-00368610": "and all the things that you have to do", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00979-00368697-00368958": "before making your machine learning model.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00980-00369086-00369559": "This is the most important thing in my opinion.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00981-00369755-00370053": "I guess you have to keep it in mind in all stages.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00982-00370053-00370213": "Yeah.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00983-00370318-00370489": "Yeah, thanks a lot.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00984-00370489-00370981": "So I do have a couple more questions anyway", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00985-00371153-00371459": "and Liz just if you have something just takes it away.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00986-00371459-00371623": "Are you looking on Slack as well.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00987-00371756-00371916": "There's, I think nothing.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00988-00372013-00372322": "There's a couple of people that are interested, which is good.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00989-00372440-00372771": "But yeah, I mean, maybe Malte and Philipp,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00990-00372877-00373254": "can you give us another, real data example", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00991-00373254-00373491": "where you applied your methodology?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00992-00373948-00374200": "Yes. So what we did to,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00993-00374402-00374806": "I guess as the first test of R Package and everything is,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00994-00374899-00375279": "so there was a paper by Victor Chernozhukov", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00995-00375279-00375797": "where he developed a machine learning approach in 2018", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00996-00375797-00375945": "in Econometrics Journal.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00997-00375945-00376238": "So he has an application on where he can estimate", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00998-00376238-00376617": "the causal effect of eligibility or participation", "5ypM9W_IkjE-00999-00376617-00376964": "in certain pension plans on your net financial assets.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01000-00376964-00377119": "And this is what we replicate", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01001-00377119-00377369": "and we have it online on our website,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01002-00377369-00377567": "so you can go through all the single steps,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01003-00377567-00377692": "how you can estimate.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01004-00377692-00378008": "And then you can basically also compare the results", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01005-00378008-00378171": "to what they have in the paper.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01006-00378171-00378822": "Also, dataset has been used in other publications as well.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01007-00378822-00379533": "So you can see, you can find out what's the important part,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01008-00379585-00379826": "or do the parameters vary in some way?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01009-00379826-00380133": "Do your results change if you use different burners", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01010-00380133-00380321": "or if you change something,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01011-00380321-00380501": "if you use only a subset of the data or anything?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01012-00380501-00380893": "So we have one example and also we are working on", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01013-00380893-00381348": "like getting the package run in more and more applications.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01014-00381348-00381486": "So we're currently working on this", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01015-00381486-00381712": "and they will all be published.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01016-00381712-00381977": "And also we haven't been yet, but we go through some examples.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01017-00381977-00382287": "So in case you are interested in seeing how it works,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01018-00382287-00382492": "what's the idea -- because I think in our talk,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01019-00382492-00382726": "we were generally talking about general method.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01020-00382861-00383338": "So maybe it's nice to see some more hands-on example", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01021-00383338-00383531": "and that's what's available on there.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01022-00383531-00383740": "So in case you're interested, have a look.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01023-00383805-00383965": "That's very good to know.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01024-00384125-00384526": "Yeah, I would have another question for Jian", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01025-00384526-00384750": "also regarding applications, maybe.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01026-00384858-00385233": "Can you name an application or a case study", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01027-00385233-00385671": "where the copula entropy framework", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01028-00385671-00385925": "is favorable to other methods?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01029-00386454-00386614": "You’re muted, sorry.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01030-00386953-00387616": "Yes. Let me mention hydrology.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01031-00387874-00388133": "I mean the water resources and management.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01032-00388364-00388834": "Copula entropy is getting more and more popular in that area.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01033-00388912-00389178": "Many researchers in this area", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01034-00389178-00389556": "apply copula entropy in their problems.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01035-00389638-00390178": "So I know one researcher from,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01036-00390343-00390601": "I don't know how to pronounce it by Lisbon.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01037-00390701-00390918": "Lisbon, Portugal.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01038-00390918-00391160": "In Portugal, yes.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01039-00391344-00391746": "Yes, one researcher from Europe applied our method", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01040-00391746-00392318": "in their projects to manage resources from.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01041-00392566-00393004": "And also in my country many researchers", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01042-00393004-00393408": "from different university use my copula entropy", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01043-00393606-00394227": "to design water resources, stations, network,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01044-00394286-00394836": "and many other applications", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01045-00394989-00395596": "in this hydrology area.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01046-00395708-00396223": "So I know many other areas also apply our methods", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01047-00396336-00396675": "but due to the time I won’t mention more, thank you.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01048-00396797-00396931": "Thanks a lot.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01049-00396931-00397322": "I mean, you can also put some links maybe on Slack", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01050-00397322-00397572": "so that we get a better idea if you want to.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01051-00397807-00398134": "Yeah, so there's still no more questions coming in,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01052-00398134-00398619": "but now I just dare to ask about this logo.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01053-00398619-00399212": "So for this it's actually two rhinos on the logo", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01054-00399212-00399640": "and I was wondering why, how come? So please.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01055-00399934-00400205": "Very nice question. So it's basically,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01056-00400205-00400429": "it's something like a two headed rhino, right?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01057-00400429-00400795": "Yes. It was hard to come up with a nice logo", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01058-00400795-00401019": "that illustrates the idea of the estimator.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01059-00401019-00401285": "So the basic idea or the basic challenge", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01060-00401285-00401611": "was to visualize the double robustness property", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01061-00401611-00401752": "of the estimator.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01062-00401752-00402057": "So we thought of something double and something robust.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01063-00402057-00402509": "So that's why we chose that the rhino and robust-.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01064-00402509-00403082": "That’s terrific. All right.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01065-00403082-00403476": "So I actually have one last question for Jakub", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01066-00403605-00403906": "and then I think we're done, I guess.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01067-00403974-00404540": "In one of your first slides you showed us this diagram,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01068-00404701-00405033": "to show the different steps of getting to a fairmodel.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01069-00405033-00405310": "And there, you actually presented the choice", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01070-00405310-00405601": "of the best model before the fairness check.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01071-00405601-00405987": "And I was wondering whether this --", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01072-00405987-00406194": "what is the reasoning behind this ordering", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01073-00406194-00406349": "and whether it would also make sense", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01074-00406349-00406513": "to actually do the fairness check", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01075-00406597-00406850": "before testing which model is the best?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01076-00407249-00407715": "Well, in this diagram there was like,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01077-00407715-00408194": "you have to do a fairness check to obtain this fairness object.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01078-00408194-00408632": "And then you can make a lot of visualizations on top of that.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01079-00408732-00409432": "And my point was that if you have many, many and models,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01080-00409432-00409837": "and some of them or all of them,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01081-00409893-00410130": "maybe not pass this fairness check", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01082-00410192-00410710": "maybe there is some metric or two metrics that are not met.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01083-00410802-00411222": "But you may use some visualization techniques", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01084-00411222-00411568": "to obtain the model with the least amount of bias.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01085-00411568-00412022": "So maybe not this fairmodel,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01086-00412022-00412434": "but the best you can get in this situation, for example.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01087-00412434-00412908": "Because sometimes there may be maybe", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01088-00413153-00413542": "not many ways to get rid of the bias", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01089-00413542-00413935": "without sacrificing the predictive power of the model.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01090-00414133-00414396": "Okay. So I guess it's kind of a, yeah,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01091-00414396-00414708": "you have to kind of weigh both somehow, yeah.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01092-00414708-00414832": "Yes.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01093-00414832-00415095": "Interesting. Nice. Perfect.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01094-00415200-00415554": "So, thanks a lot again to all the speakers,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01095-00415554-00415866": "four speakers of this session.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01096-00415928-00416385": "Thanks a lot to Stefan, also behind the scene", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01097-00416385-00416910": "to taking care of all the technical parts of this session", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01098-00416910-00417255": "and Liz to introduce the speakers.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01099-00417326-00417472": "So what is up next?", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01100-00417472-00417829": "So you can enjoy some more social events,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01101-00417893-00418314": "going into trivia which will happen at 3:15 UTC.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01102-00418379-00418814": "And then at 4:15 UTC, so quite soon,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01103-00418814-00419208": "you can enjoy another very exciting joint keynote", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01104-00419310-00419460": "on communication.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01105-00419460-00419882": "So thanks a lot all of you, and see you in the next sessions.", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01106-00419882-00420152": "I’d also like to mention that if you are interested", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01107-00420152-00420530": "in this topic of Modeling and Data Analysis,", "5ypM9W_IkjE-01108-00420530-00421000": "there will be another session on 9C will be similar."}}, {"audio_id": "5yrA9Ue90Y0", "text": {"5yrA9Ue90Y0-00000-00000076-00000680": "In this short video, you will learn about QuickSearch and a number of features designed to help you as you begin your research.", "5yrA9Ue90Y0-00001-00000982-00001682": "QuickSearch is a powerful tool that allows you to search most of Sacred Heart University Library’s resources from one single search box.", "5yrA9Ue90Y0-00002-00001742-00002954": "It provides seamless access to the SHU Library catalog, Digital Commons @SHU, and most of our article databases, including Academic Search Premier, CINAHL Complete, and Business Source Premier.", "5yrA9Ue90Y0-00003-00003042-00003846": "For a full list of the resources being searched, 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like the video", "5yUPO8jBsMM-00001-00018000-00018500": "Don't forget to subscribe and like the video"}}, {"audio_id": "5zdwjCgkYju", "text": {"5zdwjCgkYju-00000-00000106-00000626": "Welcome to the Gavilan College Library today we're going to create an APA", "5zdwjCgkYju-00001-00000626-00001394": "references list. Let's start with a simple book citation. Here's our book", "5zdwjCgkYju-00002-00001394-00002084": "cover. This Republic of Suffering. Now a lot of people think the information for", "5zdwjCgkYju-00003-00002084-00002626": "a citation can be located on the cover that's not the case the official", "5zdwjCgkYju-00004-00002627-00003288": "location for information for a citation is located on the title page from the", "5zdwjCgkYju-00005-00003288-00003887": "title page we can find the author name and for an APA citation we want to write", "5zdwjCgkYju-00006-00003887-00004470": "down the last name and the author initials we will also find the full", "5zdwjCgkYju-00007-00004470-00005319": "title of the book and any subtitle place of publication and publisher name we're", "5zdwjCgkYju-00008-00005319-00005862": "still missing one piece of information and that's our publication date that's", "5zdwjCgkYju-00009-00005862-00006476": "not usually located on a title page it's usually on the reverse side of the title", "5zdwjCgkYju-00010-00006476-00006950": "page look for a copyright date", "5zdwjCgkYju-00011-00007092-00007634": "now that we have information about a resource let's set up a basic APA", "5zdwjCgkYju-00012-00007634-00008355": "references list we're going to be using Microsoft Word 2007 please open the", "5zdwjCgkYju-00013-00008355-00009425": "program to set your margins select page layout margins normal next we want to go", "5zdwjCgkYju-00014-00009425-00010175": "to home to set up our basic formatting from the drop down box select Times New", "5zdwjCgkYju-00015-00010175-00010828": "Roman for the font and make your size 12", "5zdwjCgkYju-00016-00010993-00011534": "next we need to set up our spacing select paragraph from the interactive", "5zdwjCgkYju-00017-00011534-00012401": "window select line spacing double change any spacing before and after to zero for", "5zdwjCgkYju-00018-00012401-00013256": "our hanging indent select special hanging click OK our basic formatting is", "5zdwjCgkYju-00019-00013256-00013769": "now complete to begin select Center type the word", "5zdwjCgkYju-00020-00013769-00014477": "references then click left aligned and let's begin entering our basic", "5zdwjCgkYju-00021-00014477-00015316": "information last name of the author comma author's initials period in", "5zdwjCgkYju-00022-00015316-00016043": "parentheses put in the year of publication period the title should be", "5zdwjCgkYju-00023-00016043-00016904": "in italics let's turn on italics put in the full title of the book : any", "5zdwjCgkYju-00024-00016904-00017759": "subtitle of the book turn off italics and put in the period only the first", "5zdwjCgkYju-00025-00017759-00018647": "word of the title or the subtitle should be capitalized and any proper nouns now", "5zdwjCgkYju-00026-00018647-00019401": "we need to put in the place of publication : the publisher name and", "5zdwjCgkYju-00027-00019401-00020617": "period now let's add a citation for this particular book author last name Faust", "5zdwjCgkYju-00028-00020617-00021593": "comma G P period in parentheses our publication date of 2008 followed by a", "5zdwjCgkYju-00029-00021593-00022576": "period in italics this Republic of suffering colon death and the American", "5zdwjCgkYju-00030-00022576-00023195": "Civil War period remember capitalization is only the", "5zdwjCgkYju-00031-00023195-00023804": "first word of the title first word of the subtitle and formal nouns like", "5zdwjCgkYju-00032-00023804-00024868": "American turn off italics place of publication New York :", "5zdwjCgkYju-00033-00024868-00025895": "vintage books is the publisher continue adding your resources to your references", "5zdwjCgkYju-00034-00025895-00026405": "list be sure to alphabetize them by the first element like the author's last", "5zdwjCgkYju-00035-00026405-00026951": "name if you have any questions you can reach the reference desk at 408 eight", "5zdwjCgkYju-00036-00026951-00027755": "four eight four eight zero six or email us at reference at Gavilan ddu or use", "5zdwjCgkYju-00037-00027755-00028227": "the chat reference from our homepage at www.weather.gov/bmx"}}, {"audio_id": "5z6Q1T09kto", "text": {"5z6Q1T09kto-00000-00000064-00000169": "Professor Christine Hayes: All right,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00001-00000169-00000418": "let's go ahead and get started; there's a lot to cover.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00002-00000418-00000729": "But I want to try to unite a lot of these disparate parts of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00003-00000729-00001051": "the Bible, the many small books clustered here at the end that", "5z6Q1T09kto-00004-00001051-00001184": "we'll be considering.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00005-00001184-00001438": "I'm going to try to unite them by elaborating certain themes as", "5z6Q1T09kto-00006-00001438-00001533": "we move through them.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00007-00001533-00001851": "But as you can see, from this giant chart,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00008-00001851-00002023": "there's quite a bit.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00009-00002023-00002262": "First, let's begin with the Book of Ruth.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00010-00002262-00002516": "The Book of Ruth is set in the days of the Judges;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00011-00002516-00002676": "that's the opening line of the book.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00012-00002676-00002929": "It tells you that this happened in the days of Judges,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00013-00002929-00003107": "but it was certainly written later,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00014-00003107-00003486": "and whether it was post-exilic or pre-exilic is not certain,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00015-00003486-00003911": "so we're going to be asking the questions of a canonical critic.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00016-00003911-00004278": "Whatever its origin, how did this book function for", "5z6Q1T09kto-00017-00004278-00004432": "Second Temple Jews?", "5z6Q1T09kto-00018-00004432-00004791": "As the story of a foreign woman, whose foreign status is", "5z6Q1T09kto-00019-00004791-00005085": "continually emphasized throughout the book,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00020-00005085-00005396": "(Ruth the Moabite, Ruth the Moabitess)-- as a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00021-00005396-00005834": "foreign woman who acts nobly and enters the community of Israel", "5z6Q1T09kto-00022-00005834-00006106": "by choice, this story would have stood in", "5z6Q1T09kto-00023-00006106-00006375": "opposition to the negative view of foreigners,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00024-00006375-00006718": "the ban on intermarriage and the purely genealogical", "5z6Q1T09kto-00025-00006718-00007147": "definition of Israelite identity that was promulgated by Ezra and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00026-00007147-00007409": "Nehemiah in the post-exilic period.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00027-00007409-00007778": "So in the story you have a famine in Judah and that causes", "5z6Q1T09kto-00028-00007778-00008090": "a Bethlehemite man, Elimelech and his wife Naomi,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00029-00008090-00008362": "and their two children to leave Judah.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00030-00008362-00008693": "They're going to reside in the country of Moab,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00031-00008693-00009039": "where the Moabites live, and their two sons marry", "5z6Q1T09kto-00032-00009039-00009284": "Moabite women, Orpah and Ruth.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00033-00009284-00009630": "You have to consider the effect that these opening verses would", "5z6Q1T09kto-00034-00009630-00009933": "have had on an ancient Israelite listener or reader.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00035-00009933-00010386": "Moab was a hostile neighbor on Israel's southeastern border.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00036-00010386-00010709": "And the Moabites were hated for their ill-treatment of the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00037-00010709-00011044": "Israelites when they were traveling to the Promised Land.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00038-00011044-00011330": "Their lack of hospitality had already led to a prohibition of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00039-00011330-00011503": "intermarriage in the Torah itself.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00040-00011503-00011842": "So the Moabites and Ammonites are two foreign groups that are", "5z6Q1T09kto-00041-00011842-00012147": "explicitly prohibited from entering the congregation in", "5z6Q1T09kto-00042-00012147-00012456": "Deuteronomy 23. The Israelites' low opinion of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00043-00012456-00012873": "the Moabites is also expressed in Genesis in the very degrading", "5z6Q1T09kto-00044-00012873-00013297": "story of Moab's descent from the incestuous relationship between", "5z6Q1T09kto-00045-00013297-00013737": "Lot and one of his daughters, after the fall of Sodom.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00046-00013737-00014041": "And yet here we read, in the opening lines of this", "5z6Q1T09kto-00047-00014041-00014333": "story a man from Bethlehem, who travels to Moab,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00048-00014333-00014587": "and his two sons marry Moabite women!", "5z6Q1T09kto-00049-00014587-00014924": "Then in short order Elimelech and his two sons (who are", "5z6Q1T09kto-00050-00014924-00015235": "appropriately named Sickness and Death, by the way,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00051-00015235-00015384": "in Hebrew) they die.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00052-00015384-00015700": "And the Israelite widow, Naomi, is left now with no", "5z6Q1T09kto-00053-00015700-00015939": "blood relation, no blood male relation,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00054-00015939-00016203": "only her two Moabite daughters-in-law.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00055-00016203-00016558": "And Naomi weepily tells the girls that they should return to", "5z6Q1T09kto-00056-00016558-00016690": "their father's home.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00057-00016690-00017021": "She's poor, she'll never be able to support them as a poor", "5z6Q1T09kto-00058-00017021-00017306": "widow, she has no further sons to give to them,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00059-00017306-00017790": "and clearly they have no legal or moral obligation or tie to", "5z6Q1T09kto-00060-00017790-00018025": "Naomi. And we'll pick up the story", "5z6Q1T09kto-00061-00018025-00018291": "then in chapter 1:11: But Naomi replied,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00062-00018291-00018423": "\"Turn back, my daughters!", "5z6Q1T09kto-00063-00018423-00018571": "Why should you go with me?", "5z6Q1T09kto-00064-00018571-00018878": "Have I any more sons in my body who might be husbands for you?", "5z6Q1T09kto-00065-00018878-00019130": "Turn back, my daughters, for I am too old to be married.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00066-00019130-00019414": "Even if I thought there was hope for me, even if I married", "5z6Q1T09kto-00067-00019414-00019693": "tonight and I also bore sons, should you wait for them to", "5z6Q1T09kto-00068-00019693-00019906": "grow up? Should you on their account", "5z6Q1T09kto-00069-00019906-00020089": "debar yourselves from marriage?", "5z6Q1T09kto-00070-00020089-00020222": "Oh no, my daughters!", "5z6Q1T09kto-00071-00020222-00020540": "My lot is far more bitter than yours, for the hand of the Lord", "5z6Q1T09kto-00072-00020540-00020690": "has struck out against me.\"", "5z6Q1T09kto-00073-00020690-00020988": "They broke into weeping again, and Orpah kissed her", "5z6Q1T09kto-00074-00020988-00021138": "mother-in-law farewell.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00075-00021138-00021344": "But Ruth clung to her.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00076-00021344-00021543": "So she said, \"See, your sister-in-law has", "5z6Q1T09kto-00077-00021543-00021733": "returned to her people and her gods.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00078-00021733-00021896": "Go follow your sister-in-law.\"", "5z6Q1T09kto-00079-00021896-00022149": "But Ruth replied, \"Do not urge me to leave you,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00080-00022149-00022337": "to turn back and not follow you.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00081-00022337-00022677": "For wherever you go, I will go; wherever you lodge,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00082-00022677-00022986": "I will lodge; your people shall be my people,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00083-00022986-00023134": "and your God my God.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00084-00023134-00023368": "Where you die, I will die, and there I will be", "5z6Q1T09kto-00085-00023368-00023586": "buried. Thus and more may the Lord do", "5z6Q1T09kto-00086-00023586-00023822": "to me if even death parts me from you.\"", "5z6Q1T09kto-00087-00023822-00024018": "When [Naomi] saw how determined she was to", "5z6Q1T09kto-00088-00024018-00024228": "go with her, she ceased to argue with her;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00089-00024228-00024558": "and the two went on until they reached Bethlehem.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00090-00024558-00024772": "All of the names in this story are wonderfully symbolic.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00091-00024772-00024993": "Sickness and Death – it's like they walk on the stage with", "5z6Q1T09kto-00092-00024993-00025221": "a big sign saying \"I'm in a bit part and I'm ready to die.\"", "5z6Q1T09kto-00093-00025221-00025641": "Orpah's name means the back of the neck because she turns her", "5z6Q1T09kto-00094-00025641-00025893": "back on her mother-in-law as well.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00095-00025893-00026160": "It's a wonderful story with lots of name symbolisms.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00096-00026160-00026492": "But by the force of sheer conviction, Ruth joins herself", "5z6Q1T09kto-00097-00026492-00026717": "to the people of her mother-in-law.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00098-00026717-00027014": "Back in Judah, Ruth supports her mother-in-law", "5z6Q1T09kto-00099-00027014-00027357": "and herself by gleaning the fallen sheaves behind the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00100-00027357-00027523": "reapers in the field.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00101-00027523-00027743": "Because according to the Pentateuch, the sheaves that", "5z6Q1T09kto-00102-00027743-00028011": "fall behind the reapers must be left for the poor to collect;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00103-00028011-00028175": "you don't go back and collect them.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00104-00028175-00028467": "So Ruth gleans, and she gleans in the field of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00105-00028467-00028797": "a kinsman named Boaz, and he's described as a man of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00106-00028797-00029147": "substance and she's very diligent and she soon comes to", "5z6Q1T09kto-00107-00029147-00029413": "his attention. He's very kind to her,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00108-00029413-00029780": "he looks out for her safety among the rough field workers.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00109-00029780-00029952": "He provides water for her.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00110-00029952-00030276": "He's heard of what Ruth has done for Naomi;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00111-00030276-00030579": "how she left her home and left her family to come to a people", "5z6Q1T09kto-00112-00030579-00030831": "that she really didn't know, and he blesses her.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00113-00030831-00031001": "He says, \"May the Lord reward your deeds.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00114-00031001-00031237": "May you have a full recompense from the Lord,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00115-00031237-00031472": "the God of Israel, under whose wings you have", "5z6Q1T09kto-00116-00031472-00031742": "sought refuge!\" chapter 2:12.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00117-00031742-00032176": "He increases his generosity; he shares his meal with Ruth", "5z6Q1T09kto-00118-00032176-00032534": "and gives her from the heaps of grain in addition to the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00119-00032534-00032762": "gleanings that she's collecting.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00120-00032762-00033038": "So Naomi is very delighted with Ruth's gleanings,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00121-00033038-00033275": "they more than suffice for their needs.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00122-00033275-00033662": "But she's even more pleased to learn that Ruth seems to have", "5z6Q1T09kto-00123-00033662-00033886": "found favor in the eyes of Boaz.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00124-00033886-00034186": "He's been very kind and generous, and she points out:", "5z6Q1T09kto-00125-00034186-00034445": "you know he is among our redeeming kinsmen.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00126-00034445-00034689": "Now the term here, the Hebrew term is goel.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00127-00034689-00034885": "Goel means redeemer.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00128-00034885-00035096": "In fact, in a lot of the Christian language later,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00129-00035096-00035328": "this is the word they're using when they talk about \"my", "5z6Q1T09kto-00130-00035328-00035419": "redeemer liveth.\"", "5z6Q1T09kto-00131-00035419-00035723": "It's simply this word goel, and the goel", "5z6Q1T09kto-00132-00035723-00036097": "is a person who as the nearest relative or as a close relative,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00133-00036097-00036527": "has certain legal obligations to another person.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00134-00036527-00036866": "Those obligations--the primary obligations are three:", "5z6Q1T09kto-00135-00036866-00037230": "(1)To redeem the person or their property if they've been", "5z6Q1T09kto-00136-00037230-00037476": "sold to a stranger due to poverty.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00137-00037476-00037785": "So to redeem them from debt servitude essentially.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00138-00037785-00037993": "So your goel should do that for you.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00139-00037993-00038282": "(2)To marry a childless widow.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00140-00038282-00038624": "So if a man dies and his wife is childless the goel is", "5z6Q1T09kto-00141-00038624-00038832": "supposed to marry her, provide seed,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00142-00038832-00039142": "and the firstborn son will be named after the name who is", "5z6Q1T09kto-00143-00039142-00039306": "dead. So he's supposed to marry a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00144-00039306-00039555": "childless widow and produce offspring for the deceased;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00145-00039555-00039800": "usually, that falls first to the brother;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00146-00039800-00040050": "And then (3) in the case of the blood redeemer,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00147-00040050-00040337": "also the redeemer is supposed to avenge the blood of a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00148-00040337-00040548": "kinsman. So if you are killed your", "5z6Q1T09kto-00149-00040548-00040830": "redeemer is supposed to seek vengeance for you.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00150-00040830-00041184": "Boaz is a somewhat distant relative, but Naomi believes", "5z6Q1T09kto-00151-00041184-00041565": "he's the answer to their dual problem of poverty on the one", "5z6Q1T09kto-00152-00041565-00041786": "hand, and Ruth's widowhood on the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00153-00041786-00042148": "other hand. So in chapter 3 she urges Ruth", "5z6Q1T09kto-00154-00042148-00042389": "to make a visit to Boaz.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00155-00042389-00042718": "He's winnowing barley on the threshing floor and Ruth is", "5z6Q1T09kto-00156-00042718-00042993": "supposed to bathe herself, anoint herself,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00157-00042993-00043376": "dress up and go out at night to the threshing floor.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00158-00043376-00043677": "You should know that biblically, threshing floors", "5z6Q1T09kto-00159-00043677-00044066": "tend to be places of revelry at the end of the harvest time and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00160-00044066-00044348": "they are often frequented by prostitutes.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00161-00044348-00044850": "But Naomi seems to be planning Ruth's seduction of Boaz.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00162-00044850-00045219": "She instructs Ruth not to reveal herself until Boaz has", "5z6Q1T09kto-00163-00045219-00045575": "finished eating and drinking, and when he lies down,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00164-00045575-00045918": "Ruth is to approach him and uncover his feet--this is", "5z6Q1T09kto-00165-00045918-00046214": "possibly a sexual euphemism--and lie down,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00166-00046214-00046449": "and he will tell her what she is to do.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00167-00046449-00046696": "So Ruth follows these instructions exactly.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00168-00046696-00047090": "In 3:7-11: Boaz ate and drank,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00169-00047090-00047444": "and in a cheerful mood went to lie down beside the grainpile.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00170-00047444-00047834": "Then she went over stealthily and uncovered his feet and lay", "5z6Q1T09kto-00171-00047834-00047995": "down. In the middle of the night,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00172-00047995-00048263": "the man gave a start and pulled back--there was a woman lying at", "5z6Q1T09kto-00173-00048263-00048448": "his feet! \"Who are you?\" he asked.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00174-00048448-00048705": "And she replied, \"I am your handmaid Ruth.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00175-00048705-00048931": "Spread your robe over you handmaid, for you are a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00176-00048931-00049030": "redeeming kinsman.\"", "5z6Q1T09kto-00177-00049030-00049170": "[a goel] He exclaimed,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00178-00049170-00049351": "\"Be blessed of the Lord, daughter!", "5z6Q1T09kto-00179-00049351-00049669": "Your latest deed of loyalty is greater than the first,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00180-00049669-00050018": "in that you have not turned to younger men, whether poor or", "5z6Q1T09kto-00181-00050018-00050262": "rich. And now, daughter, have no fear.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00182-00050262-00050472": "I will do in your behalf whatever you ask,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00183-00050472-00050755": "for all the elders of my town know what a fine woman you", "5z6Q1T09kto-00184-00050755-00051058": "are.\" So Ruth's request is that Boaz", "5z6Q1T09kto-00185-00051058-00051419": "act as her redeemer and spread his robe over her,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00186-00051419-00051811": "which is a formal act of protection and espousal.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00187-00051811-00052187": "And Boaz assures her that he will redeem her.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00188-00052187-00052549": "He then goes on to point out, however, that there is another", "5z6Q1T09kto-00189-00052549-00052820": "kinsman who is actually a closer relation,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00190-00052820-00053096": "and therefore has the first right of refusal,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00191-00053096-00053454": "and Boaz will settle the matter legally in the morning.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00192-00053454-00053758": "And we're left wondering what transpired in the night.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00193-00053758-00054143": "In chapter 4 we read the legal proceeding by which the other", "5z6Q1T09kto-00194-00054143-00054503": "kinsman is freed of his obligation and his claim to Ruth", "5z6Q1T09kto-00195-00054503-00054920": "and this then clears the way, enables Boaz to marry her.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00196-00054920-00055294": "But the punchline to the whole story is yet to come and that", "5z6Q1T09kto-00197-00055294-00055529": "occurs in chapter 4, verses 13-17,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00198-00055529-00055844": "So Boaz married Ruth; she became his wife,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00199-00055844-00056044": "and he cohabited with her.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00200-00056044-00056307": "The Lord let her conceive, and she bore a son.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00201-00056307-00056567": "And the women said to Naomi, \"Blessed by the Lord,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00202-00056567-00056827": "who has not withheld a redeemer from you today!", "5z6Q1T09kto-00203-00056827-00057064": "May his name be perpetuated in Israel!", "5z6Q1T09kto-00204-00057064-00057350": "He will renew your life and sustain your old age;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00205-00057350-00057541": "for he is born of your daughter-in-law,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00206-00057541-00057812": "who loves you and is better to you than seven sons.\"", "5z6Q1T09kto-00207-00057812-00058115": "Naomi took the child and held it to her bosom.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00208-00058115-00058409": "She became its foster mother, and the women neighbors gave", "5z6Q1T09kto-00209-00058409-00058647": "him a name saying, \"A son is born to Naomi!\"", "5z6Q1T09kto-00210-00058647-00058980": "They named him Obed; he was the father of Jesse,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00211-00058980-00059408": "father of David. So David, God's anointed king", "5z6Q1T09kto-00212-00059408-00059745": "over Israel; David, with whom God covenanted", "5z6Q1T09kto-00213-00059745-00059999": "that his house should reign forever;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00214-00059999-00060373": "David, from whose line would come the messianic king to rule", "5z6Q1T09kto-00215-00060373-00060702": "in the final age--This David is said to be the direct", "5z6Q1T09kto-00216-00060702-00061006": "descendant, the great grandson of a foreign", "5z6Q1T09kto-00217-00061006-00061403": "woman from a country of idol worshippers, and a Moabitess no", "5z6Q1T09kto-00218-00061403-00061615": "less. So it seems that this very", "5z6Q1T09kto-00219-00061615-00061963": "short and very moving story represents a strand of thought", "5z6Q1T09kto-00220-00061963-00062316": "that stood in opposition to the line of thinking found,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00221-00062316-00062578": "for example, in Ezra's call for a ban on", "5z6Q1T09kto-00222-00062578-00062967": "intermarriage as the only means of insuring faithfulness to", "5z6Q1T09kto-00223-00062967-00063195": "Israel's God. Not only is Ruth,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00224-00063195-00063448": "the Moabitess, not guilty of abominable", "5z6Q1T09kto-00225-00063448-00063867": "practices, she is the ancestress of Yahweh's chosen monarch.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00226-00063867-00064195": "And she's praised in the story by all who know her as a paragon", "5z6Q1T09kto-00227-00064195-00064494": "of hesed, this quality of steadfast love", "5z6Q1T09kto-00228-00064494-00064840": "and covenantal loyalty that binds the members of the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00229-00064840-00065165": "covenant community to one another and to God.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00230-00065165-00065508": "Ruth, the Moabitess, stood by an elderly widow to", "5z6Q1T09kto-00231-00065508-00065915": "whom she had no real legal obligation and she was accepted", "5z6Q1T09kto-00232-00065915-00066144": "into the covenant community.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00233-00066144-00066576": "The acceptance of foreigners is well documented in post-exilic", "5z6Q1T09kto-00234-00066576-00066937": "Judaism, despite Ezra's polemical efforts to exclude", "5z6Q1T09kto-00235-00066937-00067177": "foreigners from the community.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00236-00067177-00067527": "It's important to remember that Ezra's reforms never became", "5z6Q1T09kto-00237-00067527-00067750": "normative for the entire community.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00238-00067750-00068012": "Post-exilic, and later rabbinic Judaism,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00239-00068012-00068349": "never adopted the purely genealogical definition of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00240-00068349-00068643": "Jewish identity. They allowed for the phenomenon", "5z6Q1T09kto-00241-00068643-00068936": "of conversion and marriage into the covenant by persons of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00242-00068936-00069184": "foreign birth who accepted the God of Israel;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00243-00069184-00069558": "a possibility that Ezra completely forecloses.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00244-00069558-00069913": "Ezra's extreme views were popular among sectarian groups,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00245-00069913-00070231": "so Ezra and exclusivism is championed, for example,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00246-00070231-00070491": "in writings that are found at Qumram.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00247-00070491-00070766": "It exerted some influence on early Christian bans on", "5z6Q1T09kto-00248-00070766-00071068": "marriage, absolute bans on marriage between believers and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00249-00071068-00071362": "unbelievers, but it's the Book of Ruth that", "5z6Q1T09kto-00250-00071362-00071750": "features prominently in the Jewish conversion ceremony to", "5z6Q1T09kto-00251-00071750-00071996": "this day. We have a different kind of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00252-00071996-00072334": "acceptance of foreigners that's voiced by prophets of the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00253-00072334-00072466": "restoration period.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00254-00072466-00073001": "So these are prophets, fifth century--late sixth and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00255-00073001-00073392": "fifth century. We're going to look now briefly", "5z6Q1T09kto-00256-00073392-00073811": "at some of the last prophetic books, and these are writings", "5z6Q1T09kto-00257-00073811-00074223": "that date to the time of the first generations of returned", "5z6Q1T09kto-00258-00074223-00074497": "exiles and on. Earlier prophets in the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00259-00074497-00074857": "pre-exilic period--the classical prophets we've already looked", "5z6Q1T09kto-00260-00074857-00075236": "at--they had spoken of a remnant that would be restored and would", "5z6Q1T09kto-00261-00075236-00075473": "be restored gloriously to its land,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00262-00075473-00075917": "but the returned exiles faced a life of great hardship.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00263-00075917-00076231": "The reality of poverty and the difficulties in rebuilding the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00264-00076231-00076582": "temple, and the hostility of the Judeans who had remained behind,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00265-00076582-00076942": "as well as the hostility of the surrounding peoples,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00266-00076942-00077316": "the absence of any real political independence under a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00267-00077316-00077698": "Davidic King--all of these things fell far short of the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00268-00077698-00078072": "early prophets' glorious descriptions of this restored", "5z6Q1T09kto-00269-00078072-00078343": "remnant. So new prophets in the period", "5z6Q1T09kto-00270-00078343-00078610": "of the Restoration have to address the community's", "5z6Q1T09kto-00271-00078610-00078886": "disappointment. The short Book of Haggai", "5z6Q1T09kto-00272-00078886-00079183": "contains the words of the Prophet Haggai,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00273-00079183-00079635": "spoken primarily to Zerubabbel, (Zerubabbel is the governor of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00274-00079635-00079939": "Judea). Haggai prophesies around 520,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00275-00079939-00080389": "and he declares that all of the difficulties the community was", "5z6Q1T09kto-00276-00080389-00080654": "facing, the agricultural setbacks and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00277-00080654-00081036": "the famines, these were all signs of God's displeasure that", "5z6Q1T09kto-00278-00081036-00081274": "the temple hadn't been completed.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00279-00081274-00081669": "Zerubabbel is convinced by this, the people return to their", "5z6Q1T09kto-00280-00081669-00081921": "task enthusiastically, and as we know,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00281-00081921-00082227": "the temple is rebuilt as Haggai promised.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00282-00082227-00082593": "He says it's a humble structure but soon it's going to be filled", "5z6Q1T09kto-00283-00082593-00082853": "with treasures flowing in from all nations.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00284-00082853-00083109": "And the promises of the Restoration that were made by", "5z6Q1T09kto-00285-00083109-00083350": "the prophets of old are just around the corner.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00286-00083350-00083613": "So Haggai longed for a rebuilt temple.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00287-00083613-00083891": "But not only that, also for the re-establishment", "5z6Q1T09kto-00288-00083891-00084169": "of Judah's independence under a Davidic King.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00289-00084169-00084534": "And he held out hope for Zerubabbel, the governor,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00290-00084534-00084840": "who was, after all, a descendant of David,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00291-00084840-00085190": "through the last king that went into exile.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00292-00085190-00085471": "He hoped that he would serve as God's messiah,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00293-00085471-00085596": "or appointed king.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00294-00085596-00086055": "That hope is even stronger in the work of Haggai's", "5z6Q1T09kto-00295-00086055-00086289": "contemporary, the prophet,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00296-00086289-00086641": "Zechariah. Zechariah is 14 chapters long,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00297-00086641-00087060": "and the first eight chapters contain the prophecies of the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00298-00087060-00087362": "historical Zechariah around 520 or so.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00299-00087362-00087763": "The last chapters--chapters 9 through 14, this is known as", "5z6Q1T09kto-00300-00087763-00088207": "Second Zechariah--these chapters contain obscure writings from a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00301-00088207-00088645": "later hand and they are of a very different type or genre.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00302-00088645-00088858": "They are written in the apocalyptic vein,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00303-00088858-00089140": "so we won't talk about those now, we'll consider those", "5z6Q1T09kto-00304-00089140-00089355": "momentarily. I'm going to be talking about", "5z6Q1T09kto-00305-00089355-00089560": "apocalyptic for the last half of the lecture.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00306-00089560-00089790": "So for right now I'm interested, however,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00307-00089790-00090119": "in the first eight chapters which represent the oracles of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00308-00090119-00090396": "the historical prophet Zechariah around 520.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00309-00090396-00090725": "He preached and prophesied for about two years.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00310-00090725-00091126": "He urges in these chapters the rebuilding of the temple.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00311-00091126-00091469": "The first six chapters contain a series of elaborate and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00312-00091469-00091750": "symbolic visions, eight different visions that", "5z6Q1T09kto-00313-00091750-00092092": "are revealed by an angel and/or a divine messenger.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00314-00092092-00092468": "That's a mode of revelation that's going to be standard in", "5z6Q1T09kto-00315-00092468-00092759": "apocalyptic literature, as we'll soon see.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00316-00092759-00093071": "Earlier prophets received a word or a vision but as we move", "5z6Q1T09kto-00317-00093071-00093362": "towards apocalyptic literature and later literature,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00318-00093362-00093813": "prophets often receive messages from God through an angel or a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00319-00093813-00094099": "messenger. These visions focus hope on", "5z6Q1T09kto-00320-00094099-00094464": "Zerubabbel, the governor, and on the priest Joshua,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00321-00094464-00094653": "the high priest Joshua.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00322-00094653-00094995": "And the idea is that they'll rule in a kind of diarchy as", "5z6Q1T09kto-00323-00094995-00095123": "monarch and priest.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00324-00095123-00095442": "At the same time, however, it seems that the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00325-00095442-00095687": "Persians got rid of Zerubabbel.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00326-00095687-00096166": "He was ousted perhaps because messianic hope was starting to", "5z6Q1T09kto-00327-00096166-00096386": "gather around Zerubabbel.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00328-00096386-00096786": "So Zechariah's prophesies seem to be adjusted to refer solely", "5z6Q1T09kto-00329-00096786-00097005": "to Joshua. Although they originally", "5z6Q1T09kto-00330-00097005-00097283": "referred to Zerubabbel, and although chapter 6 in", "5z6Q1T09kto-00331-00097283-00097595": "particular seems to refer originally to Zerubabbel,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00332-00097595-00097947": "it is altered so that it now depicts Joshua as a shoot or a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00333-00097947-00098209": "branch from Jesse's stock--Jesse's stock,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00334-00098209-00098326": "meaning a Davidide.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00335-00098326-00098632": "(David's father was Jesse; so to say a root from Jesse's", "5z6Q1T09kto-00336-00098632-00098998": "stock is to say a Davidide.) It says that Joshua will rebuild", "5z6Q1T09kto-00337-00098998-00099254": "the sanctuary; he will wear the royal", "5z6Q1T09kto-00338-00099254-00099512": "insignia, although he is the priest.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00339-00099512-00099894": "The elevation, however, of the high priest is", "5z6Q1T09kto-00340-00099894-00100225": "a feature of the post-exilic period.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00341-00100225-00100612": "It's a feature of Judah in the post-exilic period,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00342-00100612-00101087": "the high priest coming to take some of the trappings of royal", "5z6Q1T09kto-00343-00101087-00101287": "office. Chapters 7 and 8,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00344-00101287-00101641": "declare God's promise to turn and to do good things in", "5z6Q1T09kto-00345-00101641-00101882": "Jerusalem and the House of Judah,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00346-00101882-00102320": "so long as the people will turn from their unjust and evil ways.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00347-00102320-00102668": "And Zechariah points forward to the glorious day when all the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00348-00102668-00103000": "nations of the world will eagerly come to seek the Lord in", "5z6Q1T09kto-00349-00103000-00103226": "Jerusalem and to entreat his favor.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00350-00103226-00103633": "So we read in Zechariah 8:23, \"Thus said the Lord of Hosts:", "5z6Q1T09kto-00351-00103633-00103934": "In those days, ten men from nations of every", "5z6Q1T09kto-00352-00103934-00104348": "tongue will take hold--they will take hold of every Jew by a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00353-00104348-00104702": "corner of his cloak and say, 'Let us go with you,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00354-00104702-00105013": "for we have heard that God is with you,'\" and thus this", "5z6Q1T09kto-00355-00105013-00105226": "Restoration period, you can see,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00356-00105226-00105663": "features prophets who envision other nations joining Israel in", "5z6Q1T09kto-00357-00105663-00105843": "the worship of Yahweh.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00358-00105843-00106282": "They will come to rally around and join Israel in the worship", "5z6Q1T09kto-00359-00106282-00106443": "of God in Jerusalem.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00360-00106443-00106910": "The last wave of prophetic writings that we have addresses", "5z6Q1T09kto-00361-00106910-00107369": "the disappointment and the disillusionment of late sixth-", "5z6Q1T09kto-00362-00107369-00107616": "and fifth-century Judeans.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00363-00107616-00107846": "What was the message of these writings?", "5z6Q1T09kto-00364-00107846-00108244": "The basic message was that the earlier prophets,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00365-00108244-00108760": "their promises of future glory for the restored remnant--these", "5z6Q1T09kto-00366-00108760-00109259": "were all true. The future just isn't now.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00367-00109259-00109608": "It's only going to happen in the eschaton,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00368-00109608-00109907": "the final day. Only then will the glory of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00369-00109907-00110320": "Jerusalem and a messianic ruler be restored, and the hope that", "5z6Q1T09kto-00370-00110320-00110698": "has to sustain the community through the bleak present is", "5z6Q1T09kto-00371-00110698-00110955": "therefore an eschatological hope,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00372-00110955-00111277": "a hope that focuses on an ideal account of the end,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00373-00111277-00111534": "(eschatology = an account of the end).", "5z6Q1T09kto-00374-00111534-00111848": "Because in the end of days everything will be set right.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00375-00111848-00112252": "So as we move later into the period, we find increasingly the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00376-00112252-00112602": "hope for the community is thrust off into the future,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00377-00112602-00112750": "in an eschatology.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00378-00112750-00113285": "Parts of Third Isaiah depict the bitter reality of life in", "5z6Q1T09kto-00379-00113285-00113725": "post-exilic Judah and advance in eschatology.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00380-00113725-00114000": "You remember the Book of Isaiah, which is 66 chapters,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00381-00114000-00114212": "we divided into three parts: 1 through 39,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00382-00114212-00114536": "which is the historical Isaiah; then we have Second Isaiah;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00383-00114536-00114881": "and then ThirdIsaiah, we're dealing with now--that's", "5z6Q1T09kto-00384-00114881-00115017": "chapters 56 to 66.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00385-00115017-00115412": "The anonymous prophetic author of these chapters denounces the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00386-00115412-00115692": "failings of the exiles, but does hold out an", "5z6Q1T09kto-00387-00115692-00115983": "eschatology; a doctrine of final things that", "5z6Q1T09kto-00388-00115983-00116291": "depicts what's going to happen in the end of days.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00389-00116291-00116675": "This kind of eschatology differs from the depiction of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00390-00116675-00117153": "Zion's future glory that we had in the early classical prophets.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00391-00117153-00117475": "The earlier prophetic pronouncements generally", "5z6Q1T09kto-00392-00117475-00117847": "referred to a re-establishment of Judah's fortunes in", "5z6Q1T09kto-00393-00117847-00118215": "historical time, but eschatological works like", "5z6Q1T09kto-00394-00118215-00118543": "Third Isaiah look beyond historical time.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00395-00118543-00118867": "They're looking to a time of a new heaven and a new earth,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00396-00118867-00119083": "when Judah's sins will be forgotten.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00397-00119083-00119407": "The land will become an earthly paradise transformed,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00398-00119407-00119775": "and blessed with peace and prosperity and length of days.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00399-00119775-00120197": "This is from Isaiah 65:17-25, For behold!", "5z6Q1T09kto-00400-00120197-00120451": "I am creating A new heaven and a new earth;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00401-00120451-00120671": "The former things shall not be remembered,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00402-00120671-00120820": "They shall never come to mind.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00403-00120820-00121004": "Be glad, then, and rejoice forever", "5z6Q1T09kto-00404-00121004-00121133": "In what I am creating.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00405-00121133-00121324": "For I shall create Jerusalem as a joy,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00406-00121324-00121517": "And her people as a delight; ...", "5z6Q1T09kto-00407-00121517-00121947": "Never again shall be heard there The sounds of weeping and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00408-00121947-00122146": "wailing. No more shall there be an", "5z6Q1T09kto-00409-00122146-00122448": "infant or graybeard Who does not live out his days.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00410-00122448-00122738": "He who dies at a hundred years Shall be reckoned a youth,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00411-00122738-00122935": "And he who fails to reach a hundred", "5z6Q1T09kto-00412-00122935-00123075": "Shall be reckoned accursed.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00413-00123075-00123226": "…For the days of My people shall be", "5z6Q1T09kto-00414-00123226-00123615": "As long as the days of the tree, My chosen ones shall outlive", "5z6Q1T09kto-00415-00123615-00123757": "The work of their hands.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00416-00123757-00123967": "They shall not toil to no purpose;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00417-00123967-00124222": "They shall not bear children for terror,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00418-00124222-00124447": "But they shall be a people blessed by the Lord,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00419-00124447-00124665": "And their offspring shall remain with them.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00420-00124665-00125106": "Before they pray, I will answer; While they are still speaking,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00421-00125106-00125401": "I will respond. The wolf and the lamb shall", "5z6Q1T09kto-00422-00125401-00125722": "graze together, And the lion shall eat straw", "5z6Q1T09kto-00423-00125722-00125999": "like the ox, And the serpent's food shall be", "5z6Q1T09kto-00424-00125999-00126342": "earth.In all My sacred mount Nothing evil or vile shall be", "5z6Q1T09kto-00425-00126342-00126673": "done--said the Lord. See this interesting notion of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00426-00126673-00126944": "a completely new, transformed heaven and earth.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00427-00126944-00127211": "The lion is vegetarian again, the serpent no longer", "5z6Q1T09kto-00428-00127211-00127533": "is--there's not this animosity between the serpent and humans", "5z6Q1T09kto-00429-00127533-00127838": "as was decreed at the end of Genesis with the curse on the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00430-00127838-00128159": "serpent. They're going to just be eating", "5z6Q1T09kto-00431-00128159-00128436": "earth and there will be no danger.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00432-00128436-00128739": "Third Isaiah also sounds this theme of openness,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00433-00128739-00129049": "reassuring foreigners and eunuchs who have joined", "5z6Q1T09kto-00434-00129049-00129403": "themselves to Yahweh that they'll be welcome in the Holy", "5z6Q1T09kto-00435-00129403-00129726": "Temple to serve God and to offer sacrifices.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00436-00129726-00129795": "Now, this is significant.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00437-00129795-00130092": "Again, remember that Deuteronomy 23 right in the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00438-00130092-00130427": "heart of the Pentateuch, bans eunuchs specifically,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00439-00130427-00130626": "and certain foreigners--Moabites,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00440-00130626-00130899": "Ammonites--from entering the congregation.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00441-00130899-00131191": "Remember also that Ezekiel explicitly excluded foreigners", "5z6Q1T09kto-00442-00131191-00131529": "from the restored temple in his visions at the end of the book.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00443-00131529-00131842": "This is also clearly the policy of Ezra and Nehemiah.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00444-00131842-00132260": "They had an Ammonite who had his lodgings or office or room", "5z6Q1T09kto-00445-00132260-00132672": "in the temple--they had him thrown out of that area in the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00446-00132672-00132936": "temple. Third Isaiah seems to oppose", "5z6Q1T09kto-00447-00132936-00133061": "such restrictions.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00448-00133061-00133500": "Isaiah 56:3-7: Let not the foreigner say,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00449-00133500-00133681": "Who has attached himself to the Lord,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00450-00133681-00133921": "\"The Lord will keep me apart from his people\";", "5z6Q1T09kto-00451-00133921-00134267": "And let not the eunuchs say, \"I am a withered tree.\"", "5z6Q1T09kto-00452-00134267-00134576": "For thus said the Lord: \"As for the eunuchs who keep My", "5z6Q1T09kto-00453-00134576-00134773": "sabbaths, Who have chosen what I desire", "5z6Q1T09kto-00454-00134773-00135097": "And hold fast to My covenant-- I will give them, in My House", "5z6Q1T09kto-00455-00135097-00135344": "And within My walls, A monument and a name", "5z6Q1T09kto-00456-00135344-00135493": "Better than sons or daughters.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00457-00135493-00135664": "I will give them an everlasting name", "5z6Q1T09kto-00458-00135664-00135794": "Which shall not perish.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00459-00135794-00136039": "As for the foreigners Who attach themselves to the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00460-00136039-00136170": "Lord, To minister to Him,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00461-00136170-00136298": "And to love the name of the Lord,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00462-00136298-00136569": "To be His servants-- All who keep the Sabbath and do", "5z6Q1T09kto-00463-00136569-00136752": "not profane it, And who hold fast to my", "5z6Q1T09kto-00464-00136752-00136920": "covenant. …I will bring them to My", "5z6Q1T09kto-00465-00136920-00137130": "sacred mount And let them rejoice in My", "5z6Q1T09kto-00466-00137130-00137335": "house of prayer. Their burnt offerings and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00467-00137335-00137603": "sacrifices Shall be welcome on My altar;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00468-00137603-00137876": "For My House shall be called A house of prayer for all", "5z6Q1T09kto-00469-00137876-00138208": "peoples.\" So on this issue clearly the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00470-00138208-00138553": "post-exilic community was quite divided.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00471-00138553-00138932": "Now, there's only one biblical book, which pretty much in its", "5z6Q1T09kto-00472-00138932-00139260": "entirety, belongs to the genre of literature known as", "5z6Q1T09kto-00473-00139260-00139482": "apocalyptic. Not in its entirety,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00474-00139482-00139842": "but it is the most significant and through-going apocalyptic", "5z6Q1T09kto-00475-00139842-00139970": "book in the Bible.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00476-00139970-00140244": "The term apocalyptic derives from the Greek word", "5z6Q1T09kto-00477-00140244-00140367": "apocalypsis.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00478-00140367-00140764": "An apocalypsis is a revealing, so something that's", "5z6Q1T09kto-00479-00140764-00140971": "apocalyptic is a revealing.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00480-00140971-00141267": "Apocalypse is a revelation of things to come,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00481-00141267-00141652": "and as apocalypses generally predict the end of historical", "5z6Q1T09kto-00482-00141652-00141975": "time and the beginning of a new world order,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00483-00141975-00142207": "they are generally concerned with eschatology;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00484-00142207-00142594": "so apocalyptic works tend to be eschatological.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00485-00142594-00142916": "That doesn't mean all eschatological work is", "5z6Q1T09kto-00486-00142916-00143195": "apocalyptic. Apocalyptic literature within", "5z6Q1T09kto-00487-00143195-00143561": "the Bible, and then much more significantly outside the Hebrew", "5z6Q1T09kto-00488-00143561-00143809": "Bible, is characterized by certain", "5z6Q1T09kto-00489-00143809-00144219": "distinguishing features which I've thrown up in brief note", "5z6Q1T09kto-00490-00144219-00144498": "form over here. So apocalyptic literature is", "5z6Q1T09kto-00491-00144498-00144772": "always eschatological, deals with the end of time.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00492-00144772-00145081": "But to be apocalyptic a work has to have certain kinds of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00493-00145081-00145324": "features and not all eschatologies have these", "5z6Q1T09kto-00494-00145324-00145541": "features. This is what they are.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00495-00145541-00145854": "Most apocalyptic writings are pseudonymous.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00496-00145854-00146170": "They're generally attributed to important figures of the past,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00497-00146170-00146326": "Enoch or Abraham or someone.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00499-00146626-00146958": "They tend to also feature a revelation by a heavenly", "5z6Q1T09kto-00500-00146958-00147361": "messenger, an angel who comes in a vision or a dream to deliver", "5z6Q1T09kto-00501-00147361-00147524": "some sort of message.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00502-00147524-00147828": "In general, the message is highly symbolic.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00503-00147828-00148330": "It's coded and often the symbolism is quite bizarre.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00504-00148330-00148795": "You'll have surreal images of beasts and monsters and usually", "5z6Q1T09kto-00505-00148795-00149034": "these depict foreign nations.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00506-00149034-00149334": "The visions tend to be chronological.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00507-00149334-00149627": "They tend to be a systematic chronology of past,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00508-00149627-00150025": "present and future events that represent the march of history,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00509-00150025-00150303": "in coded form again, and so it tends to require", "5z6Q1T09kto-00510-00150303-00150638": "interpretation. And that's usually given by the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00511-00150638-00150946": "divine messenger, who reveals the symbolic", "5z6Q1T09kto-00512-00150946-00151110": "chronological code.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00513-00151110-00151445": "Fourthly, apocalypses tend to predict a series of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00514-00151445-00151717": "catastrophes. These are signs of the coming", "5z6Q1T09kto-00515-00151717-00152053": "of the end, that final point in the march of history that's", "5z6Q1T09kto-00516-00152053-00152300": "being laid out. You have motifs from ancient", "5z6Q1T09kto-00517-00152300-00152574": "myths very often used to describe these catastrophes.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00518-00152574-00152811": "I'll come back to that in a minute.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00519-00152811-00153193": "Apocalypses also tend to be what I call morally dualistic.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00520-00153193-00153640": "They tend to divide humankind into two mutually exclusive", "5z6Q1T09kto-00521-00153640-00153910": "groups; the righteous which is always a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00522-00153910-00154096": "tiny minority, and the wicked,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00523-00154096-00154332": "which is always the vast majority.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00524-00154332-00154776": "There's going to be some final public judgment and the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00525-00154776-00155270": "righteous will be saved and the wicked will be destroyed.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00526-00155270-00155515": "In this respect, especially later apocalypses", "5z6Q1T09kto-00527-00155515-00155738": "show the influence of Persian thought.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00528-00155738-00156020": "Persian thought is also quite dualist in nature,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00529-00156020-00156357": "with oppositions of light and darkness, or good and evil,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00530-00156357-00156555": "and life and death and so on.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00531-00156555-00156883": "So there does seem to be some Persian influence and of course", "5z6Q1T09kto-00532-00156883-00157161": "we're well into the Persian period at this point.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00533-00157161-00157552": "A sixth feature is that God generally appears in apocalyptic", "5z6Q1T09kto-00534-00157552-00157776": "literature as an enthroned king.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00535-00157776-00158038": "He brings all of history to a crashing end,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00536-00158038-00158256": "and demonstrates his sovereignty.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00537-00158256-00158546": "He confounds the wicked; he does all of these things at", "5z6Q1T09kto-00538-00158546-00158783": "the same time. He confounds the wicked and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00539-00158783-00159099": "establishes himself as the sovereign and enthroned king,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00540-00159099-00159304": "in control. Seventh, apocalyptic", "5z6Q1T09kto-00541-00159304-00159560": "literature, as I briefly mentioned before,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00542-00159560-00159897": "often incorporates mythological motifs and imagery,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00543-00159897-00160236": "especially the motif of a battle between God and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00544-00160236-00160459": "primordial, chaotic elements.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00545-00160459-00160871": "And that will often be the imagery that's used in depicting", "5z6Q1T09kto-00546-00160871-00161225": "the final battle with the godless or the wicked.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00547-00161225-00161641": "Apocalypses also generally depict a judgment of the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00548-00161641-00162032": "individual dead, followed by everlasting life or", "5z6Q1T09kto-00549-00162032-00162308": "punishment. So again, apocalypses develop", "5z6Q1T09kto-00550-00162308-00162631": "quite substantially outside the writings of the Hebrew Bible;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00551-00162631-00162882": "and in the Bible, we have a few scattered", "5z6Q1T09kto-00552-00162882-00163250": "apocalyptic elements and then much of the Book of Daniel.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00553-00163250-00163660": "And so we don't see the idea of life after death really in the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00554-00163660-00164082": "Hebrew Bible until this very late apocalyptic book of Daniel.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00555-00164082-00164526": "The idea is very influential in the Dead Sea Scrolls (they are", "5z6Q1T09kto-00556-00164526-00164933": "very dualist) and in the writings of the New Testament of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00557-00164933-00165129": "course. So a belief in personal", "5z6Q1T09kto-00558-00165129-00165399": "immortality, a belief in a general resurrection of the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00559-00165399-00165683": "dead--these arise from a negative view of this world as a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00560-00165683-00165892": "place where justice can be obtained.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00561-00165892-00166213": "So apocalyptic writers examined the world they lived in;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00562-00166213-00166513": "they drew the conclusion that reward and punishment were going", "5z6Q1T09kto-00563-00166513-00166655": "to be made in an afterlife.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00564-00166655-00166915": "They were certainly not doled out in this life,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00565-00166915-00167033": "as Israel suffered.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00566-00167033-00167394": "This is a marked break from the general conviction of the Hebrew", "5z6Q1T09kto-00567-00167394-00167675": "Bible that human life is limited to this world,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00568-00167675-00168004": "and that the fundamental concern of humans and God is", "5z6Q1T09kto-00569-00168004-00168351": "morality in this life and not immortality in another.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00570-00168351-00168766": "I think apocalyptic literature can be described as a literature", "5z6Q1T09kto-00571-00168766-00168913": "of hope and despair.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00572-00168913-00169254": "It's a literature of despair or pessimism because its basic", "5z6Q1T09kto-00573-00169254-00169571": "premise is that this world holds out no promise for the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00574-00169571-00169848": "righteous. It's a literature of hope or", "5z6Q1T09kto-00575-00169848-00170218": "optimism because it affirms that God will intervene.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00576-00170218-00170471": "He will intervene in human history, he'll set everything", "5z6Q1T09kto-00577-00170471-00170669": "right, he'll interrupt the natural order,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00578-00170669-00171010": "he's going to destroy this broken world as we know it,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00579-00171010-00171339": "and he'll do so in order to rescue the righteous and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00580-00171339-00171617": "humiliate the wicked, and if you've already died", "5z6Q1T09kto-00581-00171617-00171796": "don't worry there will be a resurrection,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00582-00171796-00171925": "it will all be made right.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00583-00171925-00172377": "But this hope for supreme and ultimate vindication is thrust", "5z6Q1T09kto-00584-00172377-00172546": "off into the future.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00585-00172546-00172999": "So apocalyptic constitutes yet one more response to the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00586-00172999-00173301": "traumatic events, the crises, and the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00587-00173301-00173638": "disappointments of Israel's history.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00588-00173638-00173928": "In a second we'll get to Daniel, but there are a few", "5z6Q1T09kto-00589-00173928-00174259": "apocalyptic passages of varying length in other post-exilic", "5z6Q1T09kto-00590-00174259-00174427": "books. I'll just touch on them very", "5z6Q1T09kto-00591-00174427-00174623": "quickly. SecondZechariah and,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00592-00174623-00174863": "a little bit, the book of Joel,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00593-00174863-00175128": "just to prepare us for Daniel.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00594-00175128-00175272": "Second Zechariah.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00595-00175272-00175419": "Now, these are chapters 9 through 14.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00596-00175419-00175749": "We talked about the historical Zechariah, chapters 1 through 8,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00597-00175749-00176058": "so this is Second Zechariah, chapters 9 through 14,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00598-00176058-00176329": "and it's a collection of diverse oracles,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00599-00176329-00176567": "probably fifth-century or later,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00600-00176567-00176946": "that contain these strange visions and predictions.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00601-00176946-00177379": "Their meanings cannot always be fathomed, but they seem to focus", "5z6Q1T09kto-00602-00177379-00177692": "on the Day of the Lord, and the restoration of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00603-00177692-00178091": "Jerusalem, and the rise of a new and humble king who will reign", "5z6Q1T09kto-00604-00178091-00178398": "in peace, really over a new world order.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00605-00178398-00178935": "Chapter 14 is a vision of this global battle that will bring", "5z6Q1T09kto-00606-00178935-00179118": "history to an end.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00607-00179118-00179488": "God is going to bring all the nations to Jerusalem where they", "5z6Q1T09kto-00608-00179488-00179784": "will plunder the city, they will kill almost all of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00609-00179784-00180116": "the inhabitants and then at the last moment when things look the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00610-00180116-00180407": "most desperate, God will intervene and he'll", "5z6Q1T09kto-00611-00180407-00180765": "fight for Israel and exact revenge on her enemies.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00612-00180765-00181122": "And it's after this final battle that God will transform", "5z6Q1T09kto-00613-00181122-00181304": "the earth into a paradise.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00614-00181304-00181638": "So Israel's enemies will rage against one another,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00615-00181638-00181999": "the surviving nations will pilgrimage to Jerusalem.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00616-00181999-00182283": "Again, Jerusalem now is elevated above all cities,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00617-00182283-00182632": "and these nations will come to Jerusalem to worship Yahweh at", "5z6Q1T09kto-00618-00182632-00182882": "his temple, and Yahweh will be sovereign", "5z6Q1T09kto-00619-00182882-00183235": "over the world. Joel, a very short little book,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00620-00183235-00183738": "probably the latest prophetic book, also contains apocalyptic", "5z6Q1T09kto-00621-00183738-00183985": "material. The versification of Joel", "5z6Q1T09kto-00622-00183985-00184296": "varies tremendously in different English translations,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00623-00184296-00184683": "so I'm using the verse markings that are in the Bible you have.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00624-00184683-00184952": "But if you consult another Bible some of them only have", "5z6Q1T09kto-00625-00184952-00185152": "three chapters, some have four--it can be", "5z6Q1T09kto-00626-00185152-00185412": "confusing. But we can divide Joel into two", "5z6Q1T09kto-00627-00185412-00185609": "parts. Up to chapter 2,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00628-00185609-00186148": "verse 27--that's the first part, from 1:1 to 2:27 (or 1:2", "5z6Q1T09kto-00629-00186148-00186474": "really). And that contains a description", "5z6Q1T09kto-00630-00186474-00186645": "of a military invasion.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00631-00186645-00186957": "It's symbolized by an army of locusts.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00632-00186957-00187346": "And this invasion--this army of locusts--is interpreted as a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00633-00187346-00187688": "divine punishment that is necessary or that must come", "5z6Q1T09kto-00634-00187688-00187892": "before the day of the Lord.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00635-00187892-00188378": "The second part of Joel which begins in verse 28 of chapter 2", "5z6Q1T09kto-00636-00188378-00188807": "is a fully apocalyptic description of the final day of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00637-00188807-00189175": "terror. Reading from chapter 3:3-4,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00638-00189175-00189495": "Before the great and terrible day of the Lord comes,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00639-00189495-00189752": "I will set portents in the sky and on earth:", "5z6Q1T09kto-00640-00189752-00190051": "Blood and fire, and pillars of smoke;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00641-00190051-00190218": "The sun shall be turned to darkness", "5z6Q1T09kto-00642-00190218-00190484": "And the moon to blood. Before the great and terrible", "5z6Q1T09kto-00643-00190484-00190788": "Day of the Lord comes--but the righteous are going to survive.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00644-00190788-00191114": "This is pointed out in chapter 3:5, \"But everyone who invokes", "5z6Q1T09kto-00645-00191114-00191310": "the name of the Lord shall escape;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00646-00191310-00191657": "for there shall be a remnant on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00647-00191657-00191799": "as the Lord promised.\"", "5z6Q1T09kto-00648-00191799-00192244": "As we move into chapter 4 of Joel, the Day of the Lord is", "5z6Q1T09kto-00649-00192244-00192610": "envisaged as a judgment day for all peoples.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00650-00192610-00192830": "So this is increasingly the view of the eschaton:", "5z6Q1T09kto-00651-00192830-00193004": "a final battle and also a judgment day,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00652-00193004-00193255": "and that judgment day will then issue in a new age.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00653-00193255-00193619": "This is an idea that the book of Daniel will elaborate on in a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00654-00193619-00193947": "minute, not to mention the apocalyptic writings that are", "5z6Q1T09kto-00655-00193947-00194138": "outside of the Hebrew Bible.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00656-00194138-00194458": "In this judgment day, God will summon all of the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00657-00194458-00194757": "godless nations to the valley of judgment,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00658-00194757-00195128": "Jehosaphat which means \"God will judge\", so the Valley of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00659-00195128-00195374": "Jehosaphat. And here the final battle", "5z6Q1T09kto-00660-00195374-00195747": "between good and evil will take place, and after that God's", "5z6Q1T09kto-00661-00195747-00196107": "people will be blessed and the Holy City will never again", "5z6Q1T09kto-00662-00196107-00196300": "suffer shame.: For lo!", "5z6Q1T09kto-00663-00196300-00196466": "in those days And in that time,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00664-00196466-00196718": "When I restore the fortunes Of Judah and Jerusalem,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00665-00196718-00196969": "I will gather all the nations And bring them down to the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00666-00196969-00197247": "Valley of Jehosaphat, There I will contend with them", "5z6Q1T09kto-00667-00197247-00197607": "Over My very own people, Israel, Which they scattered among the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00668-00197607-00197779": "nations. Towards the end,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00669-00197779-00198061": "then, of the book we read, Let the nations rouse", "5z6Q1T09kto-00670-00198061-00198305": "themselves and march up To the Valley of Jehosaphat;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00671-00198305-00198612": "For there I will sit in judgment Over all the nations roundabout.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00672-00198612-00198893": "Swing the sickle, For the crop is ripe;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00673-00198893-00199133": "Come and tread, For the winepress is full,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00674-00199133-00199274": "The vats are overflowing!", "5z6Q1T09kto-00675-00199274-00199380": "For great is their wickedness.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00676-00199380-00199588": "… But the Lord will be a shelter", "5z6Q1T09kto-00677-00199588-00199750": "to His people, A refuge to the children of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00678-00199750-00199875": "Israel. …", "5z6Q1T09kto-00679-00199875-00200200": "And Jerusalem shall be holy; Nevermore shall strangers pass", "5z6Q1T09kto-00680-00200200-00200366": "through it. And in that day,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00681-00200366-00200564": "The mountains shall drip with wine,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00682-00200564-00200892": "The hills shall flow with milk, And all the watercourses of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00683-00200892-00201193": "Judah shall flow with water; A spring shall issue from the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00684-00201193-00201392": "House of the Lord And shall water the Wadi of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00685-00201392-00201511": "Acacias. …", "5z6Q1T09kto-00686-00201511-00201678": "But Judah shall be inhabited forever,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00687-00201678-00201922": "And Jerusalem throughout the ages.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00688-00201922-00202144": "So we see a lot of eschatological features in the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00689-00202144-00202323": "Book of Joel. You have, first of all,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00690-00202323-00202618": "the series of disasters; they signal the impending wrath", "5z6Q1T09kto-00691-00202618-00202892": "of God. You have a cosmic battle in", "5z6Q1T09kto-00692-00202892-00203255": "which Yahweh triumphs over Israel's enemy.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00693-00203255-00203577": "And we see in apocalyptic literature in general,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00694-00203577-00203939": "a facile equation of the righteous and the wicked with", "5z6Q1T09kto-00695-00203939-00204138": "Israel and other nations.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00696-00204138-00204582": "Then also we have this outpouring of blessings on God's", "5z6Q1T09kto-00697-00204582-00204789": "people, city, and land.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00698-00204789-00205088": "And finally, God's continued protection and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00699-00205088-00205307": "presence; and nations who are not", "5z6Q1T09kto-00700-00205307-00205648": "Israel's enemies join in the worship of God in that final", "5z6Q1T09kto-00701-00205648-00205856": "time. Again, note the important", "5z6Q1T09kto-00702-00205856-00206212": "difference between classical prophecy and the apocalyptic", "5z6Q1T09kto-00703-00206212-00206464": "literature. Both of them speak about final", "5z6Q1T09kto-00704-00206464-00206648": "things; both of them speak about an", "5z6Q1T09kto-00705-00206648-00206884": "end-time. But the classical prophets did", "5z6Q1T09kto-00706-00206884-00207247": "not in general expect that the course of human affairs would", "5z6Q1T09kto-00707-00207247-00207525": "come to an end. Only that Israel's rebellion", "5z6Q1T09kto-00708-00207525-00207853": "would end or that Israel would live under a perfect king", "5z6Q1T09kto-00709-00207853-00208156": "anointed by God. In the apocalyptic imagination", "5z6Q1T09kto-00710-00208156-00208382": "history itself is a closed process;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00711-00208382-00208621": "it will end, and then a new age,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00712-00208621-00208867": "a new world order would begin.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00713-00208867-00209269": "And the present age and the new age are qualitatively distinct.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00714-00209269-00209632": "The present age is under the dominion of evil powers.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00715-00209632-00209944": "We see it particularly in the apocalyptic writings outside of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00716-00209944-00210136": "the Bible and in the New Testament.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00717-00210136-00210469": "That power that has dominion over the present age is Satan.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00718-00210469-00210676": "Satan is the arch enemy of God.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00719-00210676-00211102": "The age to come will be free of all evil, moral corruption,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00720-00211102-00211332": "and death; Satan will be defeated.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00721-00211332-00211501": "But God himself is the one who has to do this.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00722-00211501-00211916": "God must intervene to bring the present age to a crashing halt", "5z6Q1T09kto-00723-00211916-00212161": "and initiate this new world order.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00724-00212161-00212600": "So let's turn now to Daniel for a full apocalyptic work.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00725-00212600-00212999": "Daniel also can be divided really into two parts and the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00726-00212999-00213384": "first six chapters have often been described as heroic", "5z6Q1T09kto-00727-00213384-00213612": "fiction. They're a bit like the book of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00728-00213612-00213842": "Esther that we'll be talking about on Wednesday.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00729-00213842-00214017": "Just a good story.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00730-00214017-00214283": "(Esther particularly has a lot or irony and is very,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00731-00214283-00214507": "very funny.) But like the book of Esther,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00732-00214507-00214913": "Daniel features a Jew who lives in a Gentile court and he's", "5z6Q1T09kto-00733-00214913-00215067": "saved from disaster.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00734-00215067-00215432": "I've listed the kings who are discussed in the Book of Daniel.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00735-00215432-00215907": "These chapters tell of Daniel's adventures under two Babylonian", "5z6Q1T09kto-00736-00215907-00216205": "kings, Nebuchadnezzar and Belshazzar;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00737-00216205-00216449": "the text says two Babylonian kings,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00738-00216449-00216828": "Nebuchadnezzar and Belshazzar; a Median king Darius who", "5z6Q1T09kto-00739-00216828-00217198": "happens to be unknown to history, a Persian king", "5z6Q1T09kto-00740-00217198-00217498": "Cyrus--that's a whole lot of years!", "5z6Q1T09kto-00741-00217498-00217850": "The historical inaccuracy of the work, right?", "5z6Q1T09kto-00742-00217850-00218122": "You have the chronology of more than a century being telescoped", "5z6Q1T09kto-00743-00218122-00218357": "here! There're other inaccuracies.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00744-00218357-00218567": "Belshazzar was actually never a king;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00745-00218567-00218751": "he was sort of a prince regent.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00746-00218751-00218968": "He was defeated by Cyrus, not by Darius,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00747-00218968-00219273": "so there are tremendous historical inaccuracies and this", "5z6Q1T09kto-00748-00219273-00219588": "is a sign that this was written at a much later time,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00749-00219588-00219922": "looking back when the history of a period 300 years ago was", "5z6Q1T09kto-00750-00219922-00220263": "very confused. There's no clear historical", "5z6Q1T09kto-00751-00220263-00220705": "knowledge of the Babylonian and Persian period.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00752-00220705-00220996": "So the book, we know, was written quite", "5z6Q1T09kto-00753-00220996-00221316": "late, perhaps the end of the third century,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00754-00221316-00221538": "those first six chapters.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00755-00221538-00221811": "We have a better idea about the remainder of the book.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00756-00221811-00222211": "Chapters 7 through 12 are fully apocalyptic in genre and they", "5z6Q1T09kto-00757-00222211-00222590": "were composed between 167 and 164--I don't know if I wrote", "5z6Q1T09kto-00758-00222590-00223013": "that up there, yeah, 167 and 164 BCE.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00759-00223013-00223524": "This was a time when Jews were suffering intense persecution at", "5z6Q1T09kto-00760-00223524-00224019": "the hands of the Seleucid King of Syria, Antiochus Epiphanes,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00761-00224019-00224397": "Antiochus IV. And so Daniel is the latest", "5z6Q1T09kto-00762-00224397-00224626": "book of the Hebrew Bible.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00763-00224626-00225073": "It was chronologically the latest book, written between 167", "5z6Q1T09kto-00764-00225073-00225382": "and 164 BCE. But the author writes in code.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00765-00225382-00225759": "He writes in code so that some hostile person would not be able", "5z6Q1T09kto-00766-00225759-00226069": "to understand. The author disguises his", "5z6Q1T09kto-00767-00226069-00226487": "references to contemporary historical events and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00768-00226487-00227034": "personalities in these visions, these symbolic visions that are", "5z6Q1T09kto-00769-00227034-00227351": "attributed to a remote era of the past.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00770-00227351-00227717": "Let's go back and look at the contents of these two sections.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00771-00227717-00228043": "In chapters 1 through 6, Daniel is represented as a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00772-00228043-00228375": "loyal Jew who's living in the exile in Babylonia,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00773-00228375-00228763": "sixth-century exilic period among idol worshippers.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00774-00228763-00229132": "He refuses to bow down to any other god.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00775-00229132-00229617": "He observes the dietary laws and he prays facing Jerusalem.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00776-00229617-00230038": "He seems to occupy a position of some honor in the court.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00777-00230038-00230398": "He has the power to interpret dreams and to predict the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00778-00230398-00230771": "future, and although he's severely tested he remains true", "5z6Q1T09kto-00779-00230771-00231191": "to Yahweh and Yahweh aids him in more than one miraculous escape", "5z6Q1T09kto-00780-00231191-00231526": "from danger. The main themes of this first", "5z6Q1T09kto-00781-00231526-00231970": "section of the book of Daniel are Daniel's interpretations of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00782-00231970-00232333": "the dreams of these kings (Nebuchadnezzar) and his", "5z6Q1T09kto-00783-00232333-00232532": "allegiance to his God.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00784-00232532-00232869": "In chapter 2, Nebuchadnezzar has a dream of a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00785-00232869-00233124": "huge statute. It has a head of gold,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00786-00233124-00233519": "has a torso and arms of silver, the belly and the thighs are of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00787-00233519-00233684": "bronze, the legs are of iron,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00788-00233684-00233884": "and the feet are of mixed iron and clay.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00789-00233884-00234221": "I've kind of given you a little grid and in a minute we're going", "5z6Q1T09kto-00790-00234221-00234542": "to have another symbolic dream that's going to use animals to", "5z6Q1T09kto-00791-00234542-00234858": "represent the same things that are being represented here by", "5z6Q1T09kto-00792-00234858-00235115": "the metals. So you have this statue with", "5z6Q1T09kto-00793-00235115-00235334": "these metals and iron and clay feet.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00794-00235334-00235858": "Then a great stone that's uncut by human hands flies from heaven", "5z6Q1T09kto-00795-00235858-00236207": "and smashes the clay feet of the statue,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00796-00236207-00236658": "and the statue crumbles and this stone becomes a mountain", "5z6Q1T09kto-00797-00236658-00236876": "that fills all the earth.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00798-00236876-00237205": "Daniel decodes the dream's symbolism;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00799-00237205-00237542": "and it's a historical symbolism, the march of history.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00800-00237542-00237909": "Each metal represents a kingdom that ruled the Ancient Near", "5z6Q1T09kto-00801-00237909-00238162": "East. Daniel only explicitly mentions", "5z6Q1T09kto-00802-00238162-00238492": "gold as Babylon, but we can figure out the rest.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00803-00238492-00238718": "Silver is Media, bronze is Persia,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00804-00238718-00239128": "and iron is Alexander's Greece, right, Macedonian Greece that", "5z6Q1T09kto-00805-00239128-00239463": "conquered the Ancient Near East in the 330's,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00806-00239463-00239787": "and brought Hellenism, and introduced the Hellenistic", "5z6Q1T09kto-00807-00239787-00240055": "period into Ancient Near Eastern history.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00808-00240055-00240427": "After Alexander's death, his empire was divided into", "5z6Q1T09kto-00809-00240427-00240653": "smaller Hellenistic kingdoms.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00810-00240653-00241070": "The ones of greatest relevance to us are Ptolemaic Egypt and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00811-00241070-00241494": "Seleucid Syria because as you can imagine Palestine is caught", "5z6Q1T09kto-00812-00241494-00241742": "between those two great powers.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00813-00241742-00242065": "So it's going to be fought over by those two great powers.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00814-00242065-00242328": "So you have Egypt ruled by the Ptolemies;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00815-00242328-00242519": "you have Syria ruled by the Seleucids;", "5z6Q1T09kto-00816-00242519-00242820": "they're wrangling for control of the land of Israel that's", "5z6Q1T09kto-00817-00242820-00242932": "lying between them.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00818-00242932-00243270": "So the iron and clay feet of the statue in Daniel's dream", "5z6Q1T09kto-00819-00243270-00243578": "represent these lesser Hellenistic kingdoms of Egypt", "5z6Q1T09kto-00820-00243578-00243917": "and Syria that succeeded Alexander's empire and are a mix", "5z6Q1T09kto-00821-00243917-00244171": "of Hellenistic and Eastern elements.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00822-00244171-00244470": "The stone from heaven represents the future kingdom of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00823-00244470-00244681": "God. It's going to come and destroy", "5z6Q1T09kto-00824-00244681-00245025": "these godless kingdoms and fill all of the earth forever.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00825-00245025-00245437": "Chapter 3 tells the story of Daniel's three companions who", "5z6Q1T09kto-00826-00245437-00245872": "refuse to worship a giant gold statue and they get themselves", "5z6Q1T09kto-00827-00245872-00246103": "thrown into a fiery furnace.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00828-00246103-00246514": "When they emerge unscathed the king is greatly impressed and so", "5z6Q1T09kto-00829-00246514-00246753": "he acknowledges the God of Israel.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00830-00246753-00246932": "In chapter 4 there's a second dream.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00831-00246932-00247329": "It's interpreted by Daniel as a sign that Nebuchadnezzar will be", "5z6Q1T09kto-00832-00247329-00247492": "struck down seven times.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00833-00247492-00247861": "He's going to lose his reason, he's going to lose his throne,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00834-00247861-00248210": "until he realizes that God is the source of all divine and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00835-00248210-00248481": "human power. When this in fact comes to", "5z6Q1T09kto-00836-00248481-00248866": "pass--Nebuchadnezzar seems to suffer a fit of insanity that", "5z6Q1T09kto-00837-00248866-00249250": "drives him from society--the king then praises the God most", "5z6Q1T09kto-00838-00249250-00249463": "high as the universal king.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00839-00249463-00249784": "In chapter 5, Daniel's enemies at court trick", "5z6Q1T09kto-00840-00249784-00250194": "the Median king (now Darius, so we're moving to different", "5z6Q1T09kto-00841-00250194-00250466": "kings). They trick him into issuing an", "5z6Q1T09kto-00842-00250466-00250804": "edict against those who pray to anyone but the king.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00843-00250804-00250976": "This is a problem for Daniel.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00844-00250976-00251242": "Daniel violates the edict, of course, and he's arrested", "5z6Q1T09kto-00845-00251242-00251430": "and he's thrown into a den of lions.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00846-00251430-00251688": "But he emerges unharmed, and the result is,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00847-00251688-00252032": "again, that the foreign king, in this case Darius now,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00848-00252032-00252445": "recognizes the supremacy of Yahweh and orders all in his", "5z6Q1T09kto-00849-00252445-00252709": "kingdom to revere the Jewish God.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00850-00252709-00253029": "There is, of course, no historical merit to these", "5z6Q1T09kto-00851-00253029-00253397": "stories of Babylonian and Persian kings acknowledging or", "5z6Q1T09kto-00852-00253397-00253819": "adopting the God of the Jews who lived in exile among them.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00853-00253819-00254223": "These stories seem to give voice to the hope or the fantasy", "5z6Q1T09kto-00854-00254223-00254634": "that a cruel and impious monarch might be taught humility by", "5z6Q1T09kto-00855-00254634-00254922": "Yahweh. They also provide a model for", "5z6Q1T09kto-00856-00254922-00255082": "life in the Diaspora.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00857-00255082-00255544": "Jews can live in the Gentile world but they must never forget", "5z6Q1T09kto-00858-00255544-00255690": "God and his laws.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00859-00255690-00256025": "Then we move into the second half of the Book of Daniel,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00860-00256025-00256140": "chapters 7 to 12.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00861-00256140-00256612": "As we move into this part of Daniel we switch from the third", "5z6Q1T09kto-00862-00256612-00257016": "person into the first person, so Daniel 7 to 12 is written in", "5z6Q1T09kto-00863-00257016-00257242": "the first person and it's fully apocalyptic.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00864-00257242-00257596": "Here Daniel has a series of visions and dreams that are", "5z6Q1T09kto-00865-00257596-00257982": "interpreted for him by an angel, and again, that's a classic", "5z6Q1T09kto-00866-00257982-00258225": "feature of the apocalyptic genre.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00867-00258225-00258537": "And these visions, again, survey Ancient Near", "5z6Q1T09kto-00868-00258537-00258942": "Eastern history from the sixth to the second centuries.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00869-00258942-00259248": "Chapter 7 again represents the succession of kingdoms,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00870-00259248-00259473": "the Babylonian, the Median, the Persian,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00871-00259473-00259773": "the Macedonian Empires, but this time as beasts.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00872-00259773-00260203": "So you have a lion, a bear, a winged leopard and an", "5z6Q1T09kto-00873-00260203-00260432": "ogre. The ogre has horns and the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00874-00260432-00260750": "horns of this ogre then represent these two lesser", "5z6Q1T09kto-00875-00260750-00261081": "Hellenistic kingdoms, the Ptolemies of Egypt and the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00876-00261081-00261236": "Seleucids of Syria.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00877-00261236-00261676": "The boastful little horn is the Syrian king, Antiochus", "5z6Q1T09kto-00878-00261676-00261859": "Epiphanies, himself.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00879-00261859-00262213": "In a second vision, the \"ancient of days,\"--this is", "5z6Q1T09kto-00880-00262213-00262568": "the term that's used, it seems to be God in a white", "5z6Q1T09kto-00881-00262568-00262951": "robe and a beard seated on a fiery chariot throne,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00882-00262951-00263454": "but--\"the ancient of days\" confers glory and kingship on", "5z6Q1T09kto-00883-00263454-00263673": "one like a Son of Man.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00884-00263673-00263853": "Now in Daniel, this phrase,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00885-00263853-00264248": "the Son of Man--which generally means mortal as opposed to", "5z6Q1T09kto-00886-00264248-00264587": "divine in the Bible, but--in Daniel the phrase seems", "5z6Q1T09kto-00887-00264587-00264906": "to refer to a figure that's in human form, but more than a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00888-00264906-00265163": "human. Probably an angel like Michael", "5z6Q1T09kto-00889-00265163-00265447": "or Gabriel. (Both of them are represented", "5z6Q1T09kto-00890-00265447-00265863": "as leaders against the forces of Persia and Greece.) And this", "5z6Q1T09kto-00891-00265863-00266217": "figure establishes an everlasting kingdom to replace", "5z6Q1T09kto-00892-00266217-00266551": "the bestial kingdoms that have preceded it.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00893-00266551-00266949": "So the Son of Man overwhelms the little horn Antiochus,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00894-00266949-00267407": "who is said to be making war on saints (that's a code for loyal", "5z6Q1T09kto-00895-00267407-00267682": "Jews), who is said to have been trying", "5z6Q1T09kto-00896-00267682-00268092": "to change their law and abolish their religion--and we know that", "5z6Q1T09kto-00897-00268092-00268424": "these were parts of the persecution in 167 to 164 by", "5z6Q1T09kto-00898-00268424-00268825": "Antiochus. He tried to stop worship in the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00899-00268825-00269030": "sanctuary and so on.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00900-00269030-00269349": "In a third vision then, the horn that represents", "5z6Q1T09kto-00901-00269349-00269761": "Antiochus is said to trample the land of splendor (Israel),", "5z6Q1T09kto-00902-00269761-00270103": "to challenge the army of heaven, to remove the perpetual", "5z6Q1T09kto-00903-00270103-00270469": "sacrifice (Antiochus did halt the sacrificial service in the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00904-00270469-00270804": "temple) and to set up an \"abomination of desolation\" on", "5z6Q1T09kto-00905-00270804-00271176": "the sacrificial altar (and we know that Antiochus set up some", "5z6Q1T09kto-00906-00271176-00271530": "kind of pagan altar on the sacrificial altar in the temple", "5z6Q1T09kto-00907-00271530-00271822": "in Jerusalem and erected a statue of Zeus in the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00908-00271822-00272137": "sanctuary). So this depiction of the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00909-00272137-00272461": "persecution under Antiochus is presented here,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00910-00272461-00272886": "but it's presented in veiled form for reasons of safety.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00911-00272886-00273269": "In chapter 9 we have a moving prayer for deliverance.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00912-00273269-00273622": "The Angel Gabriel assures Daniel that the end is near,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00913-00273622-00273982": "and that the end was even predicted by Jeremiah who had", "5z6Q1T09kto-00914-00273982-00274322": "said that Jerusalem would lie desolate 70years,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00915-00274322-00274623": "you will recall. Now, Jeremiah prophesied--I'm", "5z6Q1T09kto-00916-00274623-00274928": "going to do some math now, so this is dangerous.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00917-00274928-00275232": "Jeremiah prophesied in the early sixth century and the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00918-00275232-00275530": "chapters of Daniel were written many centuries later,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00919-00275530-00275782": "someone can figure it out, in the 160's.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00920-00275782-00276132": "So was Jeremiah prophesying falsely when he said that God", "5z6Q1T09kto-00921-00276132-00276507": "would deliver Israel from her enemies and establish a kingdom", "5z6Q1T09kto-00922-00276507-00276663": "in Judah in 70 years?", "5z6Q1T09kto-00923-00276663-00277006": "No, not according to the book of Daniel, because in the book", "5z6Q1T09kto-00924-00277006-00277326": "of Daniel it's said that Jeremiah also was speaking in a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00925-00277326-00277604": "code. Jeremiah meant that 70 weeks of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00926-00277604-00277996": "years, which is to say 490 years, would pass before the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00927-00277996-00278213": "consummation of all things.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00928-00278213-00278647": "And the last week was the reign Antiochus Epiphanes:", "5z6Q1T09kto-00929-00278647-00279030": "we are in the last week of these years now.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00930-00279030-00279365": "So the writer is maintaining that he is living in the last", "5z6Q1T09kto-00931-00279365-00279688": "days, in the final moments of the last week of years,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00932-00279688-00279980": "and this is very typical of apocalyptic literature.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00933-00279980-00280220": "The time is at hand, we are in the final stage,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00934-00280220-00280476": "this is now all the birth pangs of the Messiah,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00935-00280476-00280734": "these terrible things that are being visited upon us,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00936-00280734-00281030": "and God is soon going to win victory through a mighty act and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00937-00281030-00281634": "introduce the Messianic Age, ending Israel's long years of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00938-00281634-00282014": "desolation. So apocalyptic literature sees", "5z6Q1T09kto-00939-00282014-00282165": "history as determined.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00940-00282165-00282472": "It's a closed drama that must be played out,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00941-00282472-00282873": "requiring no action on the part of humans except faithful", "5z6Q1T09kto-00942-00282873-00283125": "waiting. God's kingdom will come solely", "5z6Q1T09kto-00943-00283125-00283364": "by God's power, but it has to be preceded by", "5z6Q1T09kto-00944-00283364-00283498": "this time of trouble.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00945-00283498-00283837": "These troubles are nothing but the birth pangs of the Messianic", "5z6Q1T09kto-00946-00283837-00284182": "Age and the faithful whose names are recorded in God's book will", "5z6Q1T09kto-00947-00284182-00284405": "be rescued. Chapter 12 imagines a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00948-00284405-00284802": "resurrection of the dead as a compensation to those who died", "5z6Q1T09kto-00949-00284802-00285063": "under the persecutions of Antiochus.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00950-00285063-00285362": "It's a clear attempt to deal with the injustice that mars", "5z6Q1T09kto-00951-00285362-00285638": "this world, and it's the only passage of the Bible to", "5z6Q1T09kto-00952-00285638-00285990": "explicitly espouse the idea of an individual life after death,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00953-00285990-00286232": "and as I say, breaks with a longer Israelite", "5z6Q1T09kto-00954-00286232-00286509": "tradition that's vague or silent on this issue.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00955-00286509-00286835": "Not all Jews accepted the idea, but it would be essential to", "5z6Q1T09kto-00956-00286835-00287116": "the rise of Christianity which is deeply indebted to", "5z6Q1T09kto-00957-00287116-00287255": "apocalyptic thinking.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00958-00287255-00287565": "And through Christianity, it came to have a very", "5z6Q1T09kto-00959-00287565-00287869": "far-reaching impact on Western civilization.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00960-00287869-00288276": "The Book of Daniel is a response to specific historical", "5z6Q1T09kto-00961-00288276-00288566": "circumstances. It's a response to the crisis", "5z6Q1T09kto-00962-00288566-00288910": "of persecution and martyrdom that was going on in the second", "5z6Q1T09kto-00963-00288910-00289160": "century. That was a new kind of crisis", "5z6Q1T09kto-00964-00289160-00289505": "that led to a new kind of response, because the earlier", "5z6Q1T09kto-00965-00289505-00289882": "crises of 722 and 586--they could be explained as punishment", "5z6Q1T09kto-00966-00289882-00290080": "for sin and faithlessness.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00967-00290080-00290401": "But now in the second century, Jews were dying not because", "5z6Q1T09kto-00968-00290401-00290682": "they were faithless but precisely because they were", "5z6Q1T09kto-00969-00290682-00290949": "faithful; because they refused to obey", "5z6Q1T09kto-00970-00290949-00291286": "the decrees of Antiochus and to violate their law and covenant", "5z6Q1T09kto-00971-00291286-00291451": "and they were dying.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00972-00291451-00291814": "So this new phenomenon of martyrdom, really for the first", "5z6Q1T09kto-00973-00291814-00292210": "time, required new responses and the book of Daniel provides a", "5z6Q1T09kto-00974-00292210-00292411": "fully apocalyptic response.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00975-00292411-00292576": "Remain faithful, wait, Daniel urges,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00976-00292576-00292794": "know that this will all be set right by God,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00977-00292794-00293206": "not in this world but in an ultimate and cataclysmic triumph", "5z6Q1T09kto-00978-00293206-00293486": "of life and faith over death and evil,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00979-00293486-00293663": "and it will be soon.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00980-00293663-00294003": "Daniel emphasizes God's firm control of history and so", "5z6Q1T09kto-00981-00294003-00294336": "bolsters loyal Jews who are suffering indignities and", "5z6Q1T09kto-00982-00294336-00294676": "torture and even death all around him because of their", "5z6Q1T09kto-00983-00294676-00294920": "faith. So we've seen the zealous", "5z6Q1T09kto-00984-00294920-00295300": "fifth-century response of Ezra and Nehemiah to the fateful", "5z6Q1T09kto-00985-00295300-00295500": "events of Israel's history.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00986-00295500-00295828": "They believed Israel's rededication to God and the", "5z6Q1T09kto-00987-00295828-00296069": "covenant involved as a first step,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00988-00296069-00296329": "cessation of intimate relations with foreigners,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00989-00296329-00296578": "separation from their abominable practices.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00990-00296578-00296875": "We've seen very different views that would integrate foreigners", "5z6Q1T09kto-00991-00296875-00297005": "in the worship of Yahweh.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00992-00297005-00297346": "We've seen also the later emergence of apocalyptic as an", "5z6Q1T09kto-00993-00297346-00297705": "expression of present despair and future hope that entailed", "5z6Q1T09kto-00994-00297705-00298083": "the divinely orchestrated and cataclysmic defeat of the wicked", "5z6Q1T09kto-00995-00298083-00298307": "enemies who persecuted Israel.", "5z6Q1T09kto-00996-00298307-00298551": "And in the last lecture we're going to look at two books of", "5z6Q1T09kto-00997-00298551-00298784": "the Hebrew Bible that take very different approaches,", "5z6Q1T09kto-00998-00298784-00299000": "the Book of Esther and the Book of Jonah."}}, {"audio_id": "5zsJ5SMIOjI", "text": {"5zsJ5SMIOjI-00000-00000078-00000573": "Hello! My name is Attila Szabó, I'm from the Hungarian Civil Liberties Union.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00001-00000573-00001458": "I also want to open our website, because it will help me to list all the  topics.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00002-00001860-00002669": "The Hungarian Civil Liberties Union was establishedin 1993 or four, as I see.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00003-00002669-00003381": "So here are all topics I don't want to list all of them, I just want torefer that we care about these topics.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00004-00003381-00004220": "When we cooperate, or help or do anything with themunicipalities we do it connected to that topics.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00005-00004220-00005068": "I would like to emphasize three or four issues from the last couple of years.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00006-00005068-00005831": "How we approaches them- the municipalities. This is connected to thedisability rights,", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00007-00005831-00006389": "because we have a cooperation with the capital city of Budapest.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00008-00006389-00007599": "We make a lotof advocacy how they can establish a house for people in special disabilities", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00009-00007599-00008495": "andthey plan to build it, and this is a huge success. We have a practical barriers, butwe hope the best.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00010-00008495-00009119": "The next that I would like to emphasize and it is not at listed here is our electionprogram.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00011-00009119-00010365": "Because in 2019 when most of the cities in Hungary had municipality elections, we had a lot of civil organizations,", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00012-00010365-00011000": "small civil organizations from these cities and villages. How they can go to the local election, what", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00013-00011000-00011835": "what they can do, what are the rights, how they canturn to courts if they have a legal problem, etc.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00014-00011835-00012564": "A lot of them had success and they are in the city councils, which was also huge success.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00015-00012648-00013235": "The third thing that I'd like to mention that it is why I am here for my organization,", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00016-00013235-00013813": "because I'm working in a so-called regional program of the Hungarian Civil Liberties Union.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00017-00013813-00014517": "It is not listed here, it is quite a fresh one. It was established in 2020.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00018-00014517-00015704": "We opened offices in cities outside of Budapest, first in Pécs which is close to Croatia.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00019-00015704-00016130": "And the other one is in Debrecen. We opened it in this year.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00020-00016130-00016964": "Becauseour plan is to go closer to people who are not living in the capital city,", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00021-00016964-00017595": "who are maybe livingin small villages around these regional capitals.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00022-00017595-00018537": "It is quite a success one and we also planto open a third office in the next year probably in Miskolc or Szeged.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00023-00018537-00020258": "We see that it isvery important to go to the small cities and small villages, where this huge gap can be experienced", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00024-00020258-00020755": "what Edit told in the beginning of the day.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00025-00020755-00021786": "To saysomething about the pandemic area. There were special regulation in Hungary,", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00026-00021786-00022681": "which meantthat the mayors of the cities can practice all of the rights what the city council had before", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00027-00022681-00022914": "during this one year.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00028-00022914-00024383": "We had one of the elected municipal representative from a small city, who was representing a civic organizationand turned to the Constitutional Court.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00029-00024383-00024786": "And wesaid this is anti-constitutional.", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00030-00024786-00025554": "We lost the case, so it was not successful. But Ithink this says how we can support all thecivic activities", "5zsJ5SMIOjI-00031-00025554-00026199": "from these small cities and towns from rural areas."}}, {"audio_id": "5zwMROBh004", "text": {"5zwMROBh004-00000-00000647-00000760": "Are there any questions?", "5zwMROBh004-00001-00000760-00001460": "Yes, how do you think we should deal with nervousness when we are presenting?", "5zwMROBh004-00002-00001495-00002175": "Good question. I think we can assume that in the early stages we feel most nervous -- it's", "5zwMROBh004-00003-00002175-00002708": "best to be ready for this. If you've done your preparation well, I think it's just", "5zwMROBh004-00004-00002708-00003408": "a question of rehearsing before the presentation, might be with a friend, who can give you some feedback.", "5zwMROBh004-00005-00003679-00003773": "Is that OK?", "5zwMROBh004-00006-00003773-00003936": "Yes, thank you.", "5zwMROBh004-00007-00003936-00004330": "Would anyone else like to raise a question?", "5zwMROBh004-00008-00004330-00004984": "I was wondering what we can do if we get a hard question or a question we can't answer.", "5zwMROBh004-00009-00004984-00005684": "Right. Important point...First, give yourself a little time to think, by saying , for example", "5zwMROBh004-00010-00005694-00006394": "'Yes...an interesting question ...' or just, 'I don't think there's any easy", "5zwMROBh004-00011-00006540-00007078": "answer ...' you need some time to think, but if you have the information somewhere", "5zwMROBh004-00012-00007078-00007778": "you could say 'I don't have the details at hand right now, but if you leave me a contact", "5zwMROBh004-00013-00007890-00008304": "address I'll get back to you as soon as I can'.", "5zwMROBh004-00014-00008304-00009004": "Yes, I think so. And sometimes you could try in general terms to answer the question, but", "5zwMROBh004-00015-00009292-00009992": "say you need to find fuller details later... Have we answered your question?", "5zwMROBh004-00016-00009997-00010139": "That's fine yes, thanks."}}, {"audio_id": "5zQ2DpiWQXQ", "text": {"5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00000-00000725-00001017": "- Hey guys, my name is Samuel Sutton.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00001-00001017-00001147": "I'm from Marion County,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00002-00001147-00001647": "and I'm one of this year's 4-H 2020/2021 State Ambassadors.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00003-00001861-00002168": "And today I have with us, my uncle Jeffery Fikes,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00004-00002168-00002593": "he works at Fikes Chevrolet in Hamilton,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00005-00002593-00002741": "Alabama, in Marion County.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00006-00002933-00003163": "Jeffery, today I have a few questions for you.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00007-00003265-00003503": "So, what was your major in college?", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00008-00003676-00003969": "- My major in college was Electrical Engineering.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00009-00004154-00004505": "- Okay, what drove you to pursue this career?", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00010-00004659-00005100": "- Family, my father had been in the car business", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00011-00005100-00005542": "since the mid '60s, starting out as a sales person,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00012-00005542-00005932": "and then later on ended up a half owner", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00013-00005932-00006299": "in the local Ford Dealership for a couple of years,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00014-00006404-00006651": "and then when I was in 11th grade", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00015-00006651-00006830": "I think it's what it was,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00016-00006830-00007137": "we switched over and ended up in the Chevrolet business,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00017-00007137-00007385": "so I had to eat a lot of crow there for a while,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00018-00007506-00007833": "and, so 'cause I he,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00019-00007833-00008154": "was the first in our family to go to college,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00020-00008154-00008428": "and so I went off to school and then,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00021-00008515-00008762": "he had asked me when I got out,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00022-00008762-00009066": "you know, if I would come back and help.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00023-00009066-00009425": "And I said, yes, and so,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00024-00009425-00009719": "the folks that I went to work with", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00025-00009719-00010063": "had paid for a moving van and paid all my expenses,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00026-00010063-00010347": "and I've worked in Huntsville for three months,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00027-00010347-00010717": "and then when I moved back, I came back in a pickup.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00028-00010717-00011036": "And so anyway, I came back and I've been,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00029-00011036-00011424": "that was in January of 1981, and I've been here ever since,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00030-00011424-00011613": "so it was really just a family deal.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00031-00011972-00012245": "- What's a typical day like on your job?", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00032-00012473-00012808": "- Apparently, fairly haphazard based on minute this morning", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00033-00012808-00013290": "but, you know, generally speaking I get there,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00034-00013290-00013519": "I'm an early guy, I like to get up early", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00035-00013519-00013858": "and I like to be at work early, and so I go over", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00036-00013858-00014283": "and actually some of the other managers in particular,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00037-00014283-00014492": "the Service Manager will open up the place,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00038-00014492-00014769": "and but I come in and finish opening it up", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00039-00014967-00015251": "and then we, you know,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00040-00015251-00015585": "everybody comes into work, we get cranked up about 7:30,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00041-00015585-00016033": "and it's just mostly, you know, gotta check emails,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00042-00016033-00016428": "and just going around to make sure that everybody's,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00043-00016428-00016797": "you know, got the tools they need to do their job and to,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00044-00016910-00017248": "you know, check on the progress of the Sales Department,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00045-00017248-00017548": "and check on the progress of the Service Department,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00046-00017548-00017747": "and if we got problems or issues,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00047-00017747-00017995": "we talk about that kind of stuff and it's,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00048-00017995-00018220": "you know, I do a lot of what they call I guess,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00049-00018220-00018398": "\"Management by walking around,\"", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00050-00018398-00018631": "where you just go around from department to department,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00051-00018631-00018769": "look at things, you know, they say,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00052-00018769-00019093": "\"You can't expect, what you don't inspect.\"", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00053-00019093-00019361": "So it's just, you know, you take it as you go,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00054-00019361-00019589": "and we've got, we're blessed with some good managers", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00055-00019589-00019784": "that take pretty good care of their departments,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00056-00019784-00020018": "and so, and incarcerate work,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00057-00020018-00020256": "you know that my brother works there,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00058-00020256-00020631": "John Fikes and then Jay Fikes works there also my son,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00059-00020631-00020882": "so it's a sort of a family deal.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00060-00021143-00021464": "- So, what would you say the best thing about your job is?", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00061-00021650-00021890": "- The best thing about my job?", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00062-00021890-00022100": "Well, this stage, you know,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00063-00022100-00022490": "I'm coming up on 40 years, being there,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00064-00022490-00022990": "and I do have the flexibility, I don't have to stay put.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00065-00023011-00023227": "So I would say if I have the,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00066-00023227-00023508": "you know, if I can arrange it where I don't think", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00067-00023508-00023779": "anything's gonna go sideways or something,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00068-00023779-00024221": "I can not have to be at the dealership the whole day,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00069-00024221-00024417": "so if I need to go take care of something", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00070-00024417-00024743": "or foods, a hobby item or something like that,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00071-00024743-00025084": "then I have the flexibility to go do that type of thing,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00072-00025084-00025332": "so, I guess that's the best thing", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00073-00025332-00025686": "and as far as just, you know, at this stage,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00074-00025686-00025971": "I'm gonna say that's not always been the case.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00075-00026293-00026507": "- What skills do you think are most important", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00076-00026507-00026762": "for someone in your kind of job work?", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00077-00027088-00027448": "- I mean, you've got to be some kind of a people person.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00078-00027605-00027927": "You know, if you're managing folks,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00079-00027927-00028126": "and everybody's trying to work together,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00080-00028126-00028442": "you know, the definition of management's accompany results", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00081-00028442-00028781": "through the efforts of others, then you know,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00082-00028781-00029097": "then you got to be able to talk to people", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00083-00029183-00029505": "and you know we got, you know, we're not a huge operation,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00084-00029505-00029962": "but you know, everybody has issues and problems,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00085-00029962-00030186": "and sometimes they are work related,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00086-00030186-00030364": "sometimes they're family related,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00087-00030364-00030794": "but, you know, I try to know a little bit about everybody's,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00088-00030907-00031144": "you know, family situation and,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00089-00031144-00031408": "things that are going on in their lives so that you,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00090-00031408-00031649": "you know, that folks know that you care.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00091-00031772-00032016": "And we are sort of like a big family at work,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00092-00032016-00032240": "we're not just you know, we're not,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00093-00032372-00032537": "we're results driven, I guess,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00094-00032537-00032844": "where that's how we survive, I guess that you could say,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00095-00032844-00033043": "but the other side of that is we do,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00096-00033158-00033382": "try to look at the big picture", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00097-00033382-00033690": "when folks are having troubles or family issues,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00098-00033690-00033967": "or, you know, we cry with those that are crying", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00099-00033967-00034183": "and celebrate with those that celebrate,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00100-00034183-00034493": "and, but I would say people skills,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00101-00034493-00034922": "and a lot of that, you know, comes with time.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00102-00035102-00035368": "You know, I can think of things,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00103-00035368-00035620": "I can probably count on my fingers,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00104-00035620-00035884": "some things I have said to people in the past,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00105-00035884-00036319": "that came out wrong, or it was not appropriate or whatever", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00106-00036319-00036603": "and you replay that junk over and over in your head,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00107-00036603-00037059": "and over time, I think you do gain a better ability", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00108-00037059-00037480": "to deal with people and have a positive outcome rather than,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00109-00037480-00037826": "you know, making a bad situation worse sometimes.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00110-00037826-00038076": "So I'd say people skills was the number one thing.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00111-00038295-00038572": "- What impact has this job had on you?", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00112-00038686-00038912": "- What effect has it had on me?", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00113-00038912-00039107": "It's made me an old person.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00114-00039107-00039374": "(both laughing)", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00115-00039713-00039985": "It's been, you know, the car business is,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00116-00040209-00040545": "it's not what it used to be I'll put it like that.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00117-00040545-00041045": "You know, when I came back in 1980, the level of automation,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00118-00041170-00041428": "how many things that you did that were on a computer", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00119-00041428-00041719": "were far less, I mean I started out,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00120-00041847-00042151": "you know, our communications back at that time", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00121-00042151-00042328": "was based on cassette tapes,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00122-00042328-00042503": "and nobody can hardly is old enough", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00123-00042503-00042945": "to remember any of that kind of stuff, the PC did not exist.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00124-00042945-00043134": "And so...", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00125-00043267-00043469": "All that has changed.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00126-00043469-00043655": "Now, the question was how it affected me,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00127-00043655-00043855": "was it how it affected me?", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00128-00043855-00044049": "- Yes. - What was the question, okay.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00129-00044049-00044502": "So you've had to, you know, I was sort of good,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00130-00044623-00044837": "settled with my background in electronics", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00131-00044837-00045127": "and that type thing, I really embraced the electrical side,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00132-00045127-00045324": "and the communications and all that,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00133-00045324-00045546": "so we tried to advance through that,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00134-00045546-00045922": "through those things, as fast as we could, but you know,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00135-00046064-00046353": "I guess, you know, who I am today, I guess,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00136-00046353-00046646": "is the sum result of 40 years of working there or whatever", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00137-00046646-00046947": "and hopefully I've got some more years to go.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00138-00046947-00047248": "It's been a growing experience the whole time.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00139-00047248-00047562": "I've played a lot of different roles during my,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00140-00047562-00047739": "you know, in my teenage years", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00141-00047739-00048005": "I worked in the Parks Department,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00142-00048005-00048329": "I worked in the body shop, I worked and cleaned up,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00143-00048329-00048530": "you know, and then later on,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00144-00048530-00048781": "I was sort of like, I guess a Sales Manager,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00145-00048781-00049084": "and still on sort of that role to some extent,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00146-00049084-00049359": "but more than that in so, you know, I've had to do hiring,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00147-00049359-00049530": "and I've had to do firing,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00148-00049530-00049935": "and so, you know, all that stuff is alerting,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00149-00049935-00050304": "it's OJT, On-the-Job Training and you just have to,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00150-00050408-00050590": "sometimes the stuff's a lot of fun,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00151-00050590-00050900": "sometimes the stuff is pretty painful,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00152-00050900-00051101": "but it's part of the job.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00153-00051101-00051564": "So, I mean, you know, I don't know, whatever I am today,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00154-00051564-00051824": "I guess I'm the sum result of everything I've been through", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00155-00051824-00051958": "in the last 40 years.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00156-00052057-00052248": "I don't know if I've answered the question or not--", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00157-00052248-00052591": "- Yes. - But I've tried. (chuckles)", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00158-00052591-00052824": "- Is there anything you had wished you had known", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00159-00052824-00053021": "when you had started your career?", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00160-00053297-00053396": "- Well...", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00161-00053629-00053927": "You know, Hindsight is always 20 20,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00162-00053927-00054337": "so you don't know, you know I did leave,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00163-00054337-00054802": "what my education was in, in engineering.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00164-00054998-00055227": "I do think that the college,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00165-00055355-00055662": "was worth a lot, as far as,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00166-00055747-00055830": "working toward a goal,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00167-00055830-00056220": "you know, being willing to work hard, to make good grades,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00168-00056354-00056470": "all that kind of stuff.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00169-00056470-00056661": "I really didn't get to apply much of that,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00170-00056661-00056892": "I'm talking about the overall part of it", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00171-00056892-00057083": "I guess it's sort of like going to kindergarten,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00172-00057083-00057269": "learning to line up and be quiet,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00173-00057361-00057521": "do certain things at certain times,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00174-00057521-00057696": "I guess all of that was part of it,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00175-00057939-00058184": "but you know, I'm saying it's looking back I,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00176-00058184-00058366": "you know, sometimes I say, well, what would have happened", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00177-00058366-00058603": "if I had stayed in engineering you know,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00178-00058603-00058866": "versus being in the car business and I, you know,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00179-00058866-00059032": "who knows what would've happened?", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00180-00059125-00059526": "But, I really don't, I don't know if there's anything", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00181-00059526-00059644": "I wish I had known.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00182-00059644-00059919": "I had a lot of the stuff, has just evolved over time,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00183-00059919-00060271": "and the world has changed and the corporations have changed,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00184-00060271-00060479": "they're not what they used to be.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00185-00060580-00060835": "You know, it was a lot more globalization,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00186-00060835-00061177": "and it's just a different deal labor,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00187-00061177-00061610": "the ability, all of the automation and the,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00188-00061754-00062066": "computerization of so much data,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00189-00062066-00062301": "has enabled large corporations", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00190-00062301-00062557": "to have a lot more control down to the,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00191-00062557-00062830": "to the minutiae level of what goes on.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00192-00062830-00063221": "So it's not as much fun as I said earlier,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00193-00063221-00063435": "but it's been a good ride and,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00194-00063435-00063807": "you know, we've made a good living and we've,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00195-00063807-00064032": "you know, we've had some fun along the way,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00196-00064032-00064245": "so I don't guess there's anything I (indistinct)", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00197-00064245-00064367": "that I'd look back and say,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00198-00064367-00064521": "\"I probably wish I had known.\"", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00199-00064521-00064675": "The only thing you should, the only,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00200-00064675-00064787": "you second guess yourself", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00201-00064787-00065099": "sometimes later in life as to what you did or didn't do.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00202-00065392-00065512": "- We're on our last question,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00203-00065512-00065884": "so, is there any advice you would give a youth", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00204-00065884-00066182": "that would be interested in your kinda job work?", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00205-00066547-00066734": "- You need to be a people person.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00206-00067072-00067501": "As far as life skills, you gotta be able to,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00207-00067501-00067637": "gotta be willing to work hard,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00208-00067637-00068003": "you gotta be willing to get up, you know, you gotta get up,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00209-00068003-00068336": "dress up and show up, you know, that's the first thing.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00210-00068336-00068773": "Unfortunately we see folks, hate to say this,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00211-00068773-00068957": "but you do see some younger folks today", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00212-00068957-00069115": "that have a little difficulty with that.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00213-00069115-00069379": "So I mean, being in that work and with,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00214-00069379-00069738": "you know, and of course, attitude, can't be quantified,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00215-00069738-00069999": "but having a work ethic that you wanna come in,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00216-00069999-00070267": "and I do believe that we still live in a country", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00217-00070267-00070709": "that if you work hard, you can be rewarded for that,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00218-00070709-00071209": "and, the car business is not going away, it is changing.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00219-00071311-00071545": "There's a lot of opportunities, a lot of times,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00220-00071545-00071772": "one thing that's good about the car business", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00221-00071772-00072197": "is it does not require a college degree in most instances.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00222-00072197-00072441": "A person that's willing to work and try hard,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00223-00072441-00072941": "can get an entry level job at a dealership and move up,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00224-00072964-00073295": "and I've seen it time and time again at our place,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00225-00073295-00073435": "and I've seen it in the other dealerships", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00226-00073435-00073815": "and the other thing that is in tremendous demand", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00227-00073815-00074148": "or highly skilled Automotive Technicians.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00228-00074367-00074555": "If a guy or a girl is willing", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00229-00074555-00074922": "to take some basic technical training and it's out there,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00230-00074922-00075157": "different manufacturers offer this training.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00231-00075260-00075596": "I think that they can, that they are in high demand,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00232-00075596-00075981": "you cannot hardly find technicians, it's a struggle,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00233-00075981-00076310": "They can, they work five days a week and the daytime,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00234-00076310-00076503": "it's not cheerful work generally say,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00235-00076503-00076690": "be off on the weekends and at night,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00236-00076690-00076969": "be home with your family and make really good money,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00237-00076969-00077298": "and good benefits, so that's one thing", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00238-00077298-00077647": "that I really feel like that technical training,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00239-00077647-00077957": "could really lead to some good careers in this country.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00240-00077957-00078151": "Don't have to be a rocket scientist", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00241-00078151-00078446": "or a doctor or a lawyer to make a good living.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00242-00078446-00078641": "There's lots of technical skills", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00243-00078641-00078865": "that are needed desperately in this country.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00244-00078865-00079241": "So that's my suggestion is try to get some type of,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00245-00079241-00079444": "technical education or get your foot in the door,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00246-00079444-00079594": "if you get your foot in the door", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00247-00079594-00079804": "and you do a good job, you'll be okay.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00248-00080038-00080277": "- That concludes our interview today.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00249-00080277-00080613": "Thank you, uncle Jeffery for allowing us to interview you", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00250-00080613-00080845": "and taking time to be interviewed.", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00251-00080941-00081229": "- You're certainly welcome and hope, wish you good luck", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00252-00081229-00081593": "in the future, in this endeavor and in 4-H,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00253-00081593-00081858": "and it was, I've enjoyed being interviewed,", "5zQ2DpiWQXQ-00254-00081858-00082098": "and if you ever need me again, give me a holler."}}, {"audio_id": "5zZpfXVwA14", "text": {"5zZpfXVwA14-00000-00000443-00000743": "Aerial view of Amsterdam Canal Ring", "5zZpfXVwA14-00001-00000864-00001370": "Bloemenmarkt-Floating Flower Market", "5zZpfXVwA14-00002-00002482-00003574": "Canal Houses at Damrak", "5zZpfXVwA14-00003-00003690-00004580": "Prinsengracht", "5zZpfXVwA14-00004-00004688-00004992": "Canal Houses at Damrak", "5zZpfXVwA14-00005-00005094-00005440": "Zuiderkerk at Nieuwmarkt", "5zZpfXVwA14-00006-00005542-00005794": "Montelbaanstoren on the Oude Schans", "5zZpfXVwA14-00007-00005900-00006156": "Montelbaanstoren at night", "5zZpfXVwA14-00008-00006248-00007042": "Reguliersgracht", "5zZpfXVwA14-00009-00007164-00008566": "Amstel River", "5zZpfXVwA14-00010-00008660-00008958": "Skinny Bridge", "5zZpfXVwA14-00011-00009074-00009416": "Skinny Bridge at night", "5zZpfXVwA14-00012-00009522-00009826": "Central Station", "5zZpfXVwA14-00013-00009924-00010246": "Old Post Office Magna Plaza", "5zZpfXVwA14-00014-00010336-00010642": "Rijksmuseum", "5zZpfXVwA14-00015-00011042-00011346": "Rijksmuseum at night", "5zZpfXVwA14-00016-00012266-00012756": "Rijksmuseum passage", "5zZpfXVwA14-00017-00014110-00014969": "Munttoren at night", "5zZpfXVwA14-00018-00015082-00015369": "Keizersgracht Reguliersgracht at night", "5zZpfXVwA14-00019-00015482-00015980": "Herengracht at night", "5zZpfXVwA14-00020-00016090-00016396": "Prinsengracht at night", "5zZpfXVwA14-00021-00017320-00017616": "Basilica of St Nicolas"}}, {"audio_id": "5-yV8kyg10o", "text": {"5-yV8kyg10o-00000-00000024-00000536": "Hello there Health Students! We are in the final weeks of the fall semester, and it is clear that", "5-yV8kyg10o-00001-00000536-00001016": "we are in need of some inspiration. Many of us are struggling to find the energy to keep up with", "5-yV8kyg10o-00002-00001016-00001528": "our responsibilities. According to a professor who studies sustained trauma at the University", "5-yV8kyg10o-00003-00001528-00002032": "of Toronto, it's important for us to recognize as learners that this feeling is normal, and this rut", "5-yV8kyg10o-00004-00002032-00002536": "will pass once again, and we will only have the energy if we can take time to care for ourselves.", "5-yV8kyg10o-00005-00002536-00002960": "Make sure you take an honest look at what you can do that makes you happy; whether that's getting", "5-yV8kyg10o-00006-00002960-00003592": "time away from the screen, creating something you love, connecting with friends or family,", "5-yV8kyg10o-00007-00003592-00004064": "or anything to shift your mindset and change your perspective in a positive way. It's all", "5-yV8kyg10o-00008-00004064-00004504": "about self-care. We cannot be there for each other if we can't take care of ourselves first.", "5-yV8kyg10o-00009-00004648-00004960": "And if you've already tried some of these things and you're still overwhelmed,", "5-yV8kyg10o-00010-00005016-00005480": "know that we are all here for you. Remember: you're here right now,", "5-yV8kyg10o-00011-00005480-00007081": "and your best is good enough, okay? So let's finish strong! You can do this and we can help. :)"}}, {"audio_id": "5-ePGDoEsUu", "text": {"5-ePGDoEsUu-00001-00000401-00000801": "We've decided we want to move to Australia", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00002-00000802-00001201": "for the opportunities for the children and the outdoor lifestyle", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00003-00001203-00001602": "that Australia can offer us as a family.", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00004-00001604-00002003": "It's just everything about it, we just think", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00005-00002005-00002403": "it can offer us so much more. It's a really big leap for us", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00006-00002405-00002804": "and the decision hasn't come lightly. It's a huge move", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00007-00002806-00003204": "and we are at a point now where we're really happy with the", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00008-00003206-00003604": "decision and we are so sure that this is where our life is meant to be.", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00009-00003607-00004004": "Just feels now like the time is right, the children are at a good age, they are going to", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00010-00004007-00004406": "respond to it, we think, probably the best that they will do. It just feels right.", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00011-00004408-00004808": "We would hope to settle in Perth. We have travelled", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00012-00004810-00005208": "around most of Australia and Perth is just really", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00013-00005210-00005609": "homely and because my dad is there as well and", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00014-00005611-00006012": "we just fell in love with it. I first went when I was thirteen and I just adored it and", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00015-00006014-00006412": "and always knew that I would come back again and again and now, we've decided", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00016-00006414-00006813": "we want to stay there permanently.", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00019-00007616-00008014": "I'm here really to investigate the possibility of moving to", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00020-00008016-00008415": "Western Australia with my family, obviously as an electrician.", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00021-00008417-00008815": "A skills visa is what we are hoping to acheive", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00022-00008817-00009216": "and sponsored ideally through the state or through an employer.", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00023-00009218-00009617": "With Dawn's father living in Australia already we have obviously", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00024-00009619-00010017": "the family sponsorship open to us as well.", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00025-00010019-00010418": "I'm definitely hoping a job opportunity presents itself on the back", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00026-00010420-00010820": "of today's visit. Speaking to a few of the guys on a few of the stalls there seems to be,", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00027-00010822-00011221": "they seem keen to take details and try to marry employers", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00028-00011223-00011622": "and employees together so, it's positive and hopeful", "5-ePGDoEsUu-00029-00011624-00012024": "that something may come out of today's event."}}, {"audio_id": "5-G1WGjJBAg", "text": {"5-G1WGjJBAg-00000-00000081-00000175": "Pear Deck", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00001-00000175-00000481": "Are you looking to increase student engagement?", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00002-00000481-00000844": "Here are 7 ways to do so with Pear Deck!", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00003-00000844-00000956": "One", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00004-00000956-00001195": "Pear Deck is an online student engagement", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00005-00001195-00001661": "tool that can be used to create slide decks in Google Slides or Microsoft Powerpoint.", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00006-00001661-00001813": "Just get the Add-on!", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00007-00001813-00001951": "Two", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00008-00001951-00002237": "You can create your own Pear Deck slides or", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00009-00002237-00002641": "choose from ready-made interactive templates.", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00010-00002641-00002757": "Three", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00011-00002757-00003382": "There are numerous templates for BEFORE, DURING, and AFTER your lesson.", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00012-00003382-00003553": "Four", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00013-00003553-00003979": "Students show their learning using these slide templates:", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00014-00003979-00004649": "text, number, multiple choice, true or false, draggable, drawing, or website/video.", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00015-00004649-00004751": "Five", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00016-00004751-00005080": "Pear Deck can be used in student-paces mode", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00017-00005080-00005365": "or can be instructor-paced.", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00018-00005365-00005949": "Answers can be viewed anonymously in real-time and shared with students using projector view.", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00019-00005949-00006045": "Six", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00020-00006045-00006567": "You can respond to student work with immediate feedback from the teacher dashboard.", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00021-00006567-00006800": "How are you feeling?", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00022-00006800-00006904": "Seven", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00023-00006904-00007254": "Use Social Emotional Learning Templates to:", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00024-00007254-00008243": "assess class climate, encourage student reflection, promote cooperation, and gain self awareness.", "5-G1WGjJBAg-00025-00008243-00008331": "Thanks for watching!"}}, {"audio_id": "5_19C6mReEg", "text": {"5_19C6mReEg-00000-00000051-00000320": "You can now find online textbooks at the Cerro Coso library.", "5_19C6mReEg-00001-00000321-00000675": "First click on the catalog link.", "5_19C6mReEg-00002-00000675-00000888": "In the catalog, go to the top where it says online textbooks.", "5_19C6mReEg-00003-00000888-00001206": "This will take you to a list of subjects.", "5_19C6mReEg-00004-00001206-00001419": "Let's say I'm looking for my Art 101 book.", "5_19C6mReEg-00005-00001419-00001704": "I'll scroll down to Art and I'm going to on that.", "5_19C6mReEg-00006-00001704-00001992": "The online textbook collection", "5_19C6mReEg-00007-00001992-00002166": "includes link to both our eBooks and our", "5_19C6mReEg-00008-00002166-00002421": "digitized print books. I'm looking for a \"World of Art\"", "5_19C6mReEg-00009-00002421-00002658": "So once I find it, I'm going to open that record.", "5_19C6mReEg-00010-00002976-00003201": "There's a grey message that asks me to sign in.", "5_19C6mReEg-00011-00003222-00003459": "To sign in, I'll have to close this pop-up window", "5_19C6mReEg-00012-00003474-00003801": "and go back to the top sign-in link. I'll have to enter", "5_19C6mReEg-00013-00003801-00004083": "my college email address and password, although if", "5_19C6mReEg-00014-00004083-00004272": "I'm on a college computer, it'll fill this in automatically.", "5_19C6mReEg-00015-00004272-00004632": "So now I can open my book and I'm", "5_19C6mReEg-00016-00004632-00004839": "going to see a link to the scanned chapters.", "5_19C6mReEg-00017-00004878-00005097": "Clicking this link will open my textbook.", "5_19C6mReEg-00018-00005475-00005718": "Individual chapters can be found on the left.", "5_19C6mReEg-00019-00005718-00005919": "I can also use a magnifying glass at the top of the", "5_19C6mReEg-00020-00005919-00006156": "page to search for a specific word or phrase in the chapter.", "5_19C6mReEg-00021-00006156-00006431": "I can even click on active links in the text.", "5_19C6mReEg-00022-00006431-00006744": "Each check-out session lasts for one hour.", "5_19C6mReEg-00023-00006744-00007017": "I can click the hourglass at the top to see", "5_19C6mReEg-00024-00007017-00007251": "how much time I have left in my session. If no one is", "5_19C6mReEg-00025-00007251-00007440": "waiting when my time runs out, I can renew it for another hour.", "5_19C6mReEg-00026-00007440-00007665": "Closing the window doesn't automatically", "5_19C6mReEg-00027-00007665-00007869": "return the book, so please click \"Return Early\"", "5_19C6mReEg-00028-00007869-00008001": "when you're done.", "5_19C6mReEg-00029-00008203-00008436": "If you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask a", "5_19C6mReEg-00030-00008437-00008574": "librarian for assistance.", "5_19C6mReEg-00031-00009126-00009299": "We look forward to chatting with you soon!"}}, {"audio_id": "5_5mji5UbHU", "text": {"5_5mji5UbHU-00000-00000014-00000583": "Health related TextBooks reviews : First Book on our list:“Nutrition and Health", "5_5mji5UbHU-00001-00000583-00001040": "Today “2nd edition by Alicia Sinclair and Lana Zinger", "5_5mji5UbHU-00002-00001040-00001503": "Professor Alicia Sinclair and Professor Lana Zinger are both respected Professors at the", "5_5mji5UbHU-00003-00001503-00001923": "Queensborough Community College at the Department of Health Science.", "5_5mji5UbHU-00004-00001923-00002433": "“Nutrition and Health Today” 2nd edition is a good book about the general issues of", "5_5mji5UbHU-00005-00002433-00002768": "health for beginners with good reference materials.", "5_5mji5UbHU-00006-00002768-00003345": "It discusses about general issues from nutrition to myths and misconceptions we have, related", "5_5mji5UbHU-00007-00003345-00003507": "to health and wellbeing.", "5_5mji5UbHU-00008-00003507-00004029": "2nd book on our list is “Critical Issues in Health”2nd Edition", "5_5mji5UbHU-00009-00004029-00004201": "By Lana Zinger.", "5_5mji5UbHU-00010-00004201-00004708": "“Critical Issues in Health”2nd Edition is a book about the psychological, nutrition", "5_5mji5UbHU-00011-00004708-00005221": "and many other general issues that deals with the general well being of individuals and", "5_5mji5UbHU-00012-00005221-00005346": "society.", "5_5mji5UbHU-00013-00005346-00005880": "It explains clear ideas about overall health and the general misconceptions related to", "5_5mji5UbHU-00014-00005880-00006079": "health in a clear and easy way.", "5_5mji5UbHU-00015-00006079-00006650": "3rd book on our list is “My Health-An outcomes approach”by Rebecca.", "5_5mji5UbHU-00016-00006650-00006851": "J.Donatelle", "5_5mji5UbHU-00017-00006851-00007337": "This book is a colorful illustrated book with comprehensive details about our Health with", "5_5mji5UbHU-00018-00007337-00007881": "engaging colorful images that explains and helps us to depict theories and concept in", "5_5mji5UbHU-00019-00007881-00008061": "a succinct manner.", "5_5mji5UbHU-00020-00008061-00008748": "Fourth and last book on our list :“Brief—Your Health Today-choices in a changing society”", "5_5mji5UbHU-00021-00008748-00009278": "By Michael L.Teague, Sara L.C.Mackenzie and David M. Rosenthal", "5_5mji5UbHU-00022-00009278-00009889": "“Your Health Today-choices in a changing society” is also a colorful illustrated", "5_5mji5UbHU-00023-00009889-00010377": "book about non-technical knowledge about our health and all the steps we need to take in", "5_5mji5UbHU-00024-00010377-00010561": "order to make us better.", "5_5mji5UbHU-00025-00010561-00011060": "The book is a Gem to read with clear and vivid diagrams related to health-from food pyramids", "5_5mji5UbHU-00026-00011060-00011714": "to recreational music, etc.-it has got every topic explained in a beautiful manner.", "5_5mji5UbHU-00027-00011714-00011881": "Thanks for watching.", "5_5mji5UbHU-00028-00011881-00012103": "Source and image:Google and Amazon."}}, {"audio_id": "5AA4J66oQrU", "text": {"5AA4J66oQrU-00000-00000000-00000200": "ads"}}, {"audio_id": "5AAAcu6IRTY", "text": {"5AAAcu6IRTY-00000-00000000-00000200": "먹는 즐거움pleasure to eat"}}, {"audio_id": "5AMp5gU96ac", "text": {"5AMp5gU96ac-00000-00000042-00000342": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00001-00004160-00004466": "thank you", "5AMp5gU96ac-00002-00007915-00008215": "thank you", "5AMp5gU96ac-00003-00010728-00011028": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00004-00013194-00013494": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00005-00018668-00018973": "thank you", "5AMp5gU96ac-00006-00021276-00021576": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00007-00024486-00024704": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00008-00028350-00028650": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00009-00032274-00032574": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00010-00035334-00035634": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00011-00039188-00039494": "thank you", "5AMp5gU96ac-00012-00042896-00043196": "thank you", "5AMp5gU96ac-00013-00046188-00046424": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00014-00050316-00050616": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00015-00053694-00053941": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00016-00058033-00058333": "thank you", "5AMp5gU96ac-00017-00059994-00060294": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00018-00063617-00063917": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00019-00067495-00067801": "thank you", "5AMp5gU96ac-00020-00070254-00070501": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00021-00073907-00074207": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00022-00077118-00077418": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00023-00080982-00081282": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00024-00085230-00085530": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00025-00088206-00088506": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00026-00091872-00092172": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00027-00096163-00096469": "thank you", "5AMp5gU96ac-00028-00099089-00099368": "foreign", "5AMp5gU96ac-00029-00104317-00104624": "thank you", "5AMp5gU96ac-00030-00107298-00107598": "foreign"}}, {"audio_id": "5AaL8BR0fRu", "text": {"5AaL8BR0fRu-00000-00000181-00000776": "Mew: Hi everyone, my name is Mew Suppasit, 20 years", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00001-00000776-00001738": "old, I am a 3rd year student at the university of Bangkok, my hobbies are music, eating,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00002-00001738-00002330": "and BOY FRIENDS. Ah, right before that, I like boys does not mean everyone eats, meets", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00003-00002330-00003404": "everyone drinks, it's just ... Waiting for a sincere lover to come to my life, so that", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00004-00003404-00004507": "I can protect and do husband of his main road. Of course I am gay, a tall M8 with a bit of", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00005-00004507-00005188": "western blood flowing in me, there are a few people pursuing and confessing, but for me,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00006-00005188-00005803": "it must have a predestined relationship or something ... There has been no one until", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00007-00005803-00006664": "now. I have also comeout with my family, since the age of 18, my parents asked if there were", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00008-00006664-00007384": "future plans to get married to have children? I always say that just liking boys makes my", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00009-00007384-00008163": "parents a little sad, but then they also slowly accept me by having to get a cock out of a", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00010-00008163-00008427": "cock. Oh my goodness, I heard that I woke up, what I thought. After all, I am pure Gong.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00011-00008427-00008882": "As for my acquaintance with Lhong, he is one of my juniors, One day passing by the library,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00012-00008882-00009386": "seeing him idle a certain language, I found it interesting and invited him to the music", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00013-00009386-00010108": "club. , so it agrees. And today, it also leads her friend to, seeing his gaze for the first", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00014-00010108-00010757": "time makes my heart flutter. I myself also want to rush to hug, but the last \"heroic\"", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00015-00010757-00011618": "remains, so I just dare to shake hands. \"Yes, hello, just call me Mew, I'm also Lhong's", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00016-00011618-00012181": "friend\" - After saying that, something hard tapped on my shoulder, turning around it turned", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00017-00012181-00012795": "out Lhong kid gave me the guitar and said: \"Please practice and go eat, today you are", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00018-00012795-00013418": "late, you must treat us!\" Lhong looked at me with bullet-shaped eyes, this is weird", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00019-00013418-00014655": "too, did I do anything about it? He ran to Gulf's fist and led to the nearest seat, he", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00020-00014655-00015056": "said: \"Now sit down and watch the multi-talented", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00021-00015056-00015582": "Mew of my department compose music in 15 minutes!\" - Gulf widened the boy's big eyes looking", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00022-00015582-00016247": "at Lhong and me, it seemed like a surprise, but I'm not a genius myself who can compose", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00023-00016247-00016913": "music in 15 minutes, however, HOM THEN I AM SO CREATED PLAYING A LESSON!", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00024-00016913-00017385": "\"Sometimes love will die, dear Sometimes love will disappear, baby", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00025-00017385-00017942": "Sometimes I'm afraid of losing you, do you have that feeling?", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00026-00017942-00018681": "Let me live for you! \" While playing the piano while singing while", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00027-00018681-00019603": "my eyes turned to that boy, how gentle does he look, after I finished singing, does he", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00028-00019603-00020039": "still blush? haizzzzzz, want to eat it ......... Lhong:", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00029-00020039-00020622": "Mew's mother and father. Just seeing a cute little guy with cheese sticks is a face like", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00030-00020622-00021599": "catching gold, I know that I did not call Gulf to help me, I thought it was a little", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00031-00021599-00022450": "bit of a relief, but now what? There was a gaze of a wolf looking at a frightening, gloomy", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00032-00022450-00022841": "little sheep. The training session also ended smoothly,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00033-00022841-00023672": "Mew is still as good as ever, this time there is something more impulsive than before, yes,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00034-00023672-00024706": "if we put him on a 10-point scale, each meal is only 7 8, today it is 9 10 always, I don't", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00035-00024706-00025488": "think I like Gulf ... \"1, 2, 3 noooooooooooo, don't go home today\"", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00036-00025488-00026125": "Mew-hyung is holding up his beer to hang out with everyone, making the rest of them do", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00037-00026125-00026992": "the same, I have no purpose to hurry up \" drunk \"to find about. At the dinner table I saw", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00038-00026992-00027714": "Mew who used to pick up food for Gulf, and he was shy at first, but gradually he smiled", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00039-00027714-00028138": "and thanked him. Err, did the two of them fates to meet?", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00040-00028138-00028238": "PAIN.. GROUP ...", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00041-00028238-00029101": "The more I see them close, I become more and more dissipated, my heart tightens with mental", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00042-00029101-00029895": "pain, how can the person I like easily accept the opponent's gentle actions? Why drink more", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00043-00029895-00030318": "and more awake? Why are you like that, Gulf ??", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00044-00030318-00030430": "1 hour later:", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00045-00030430-00030993": "\"Gulf, there's nothing you can bring Lhong home with, drink more today than I thought", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00046-00030993-00031952": "you would!\" - Mew sighed when he saw my pretending drunkenness, to be honest, I'm acting because", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00047-00031952-00032859": "actually 5 6 bottles of beer with me is not a problem, the problem is I have to do it", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00048-00032859-00033378": "to get back as soon as possible with Gulf. Gulf helped me along the deserted road and", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00049-00033378-00033651": "said: \"You can stop acting, I remember you played", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00050-00033651-00034165": "8 or 9 bottles, but today you fell in love with someone like that?\" - I slowly said:", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00051-00034165-00034838": "\"I like a person, but that person seems a bit stupid because I don't know I like it!\"", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00052-00034838-00035412": "- Gulf looked at me questioningly and asked: \"Why, the guy is straight guy or why do not", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00053-00035412-00035768": "know you like?\" - I immediately grabbed his hand and said:", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00054-00035768-00036313": "\"I got used to it on a rainy day ... That guy has a pair of eyes ...", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00055-00036313-00036913": "At a coffee shop near the school ... I like it because of my sympathy tears when", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00056-00036913-00037235": "I see Plan being abused by someone called his father ...", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00057-00037235-00038138": "I ... I ... I like you, Gulf \"- Gulf looked at me with far-fetched eyes, but I could pretend", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00058-00038138-00039264": "to be happy again and patted her shoulder as if it was a joke.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00059-00039264-00040335": "\"I have to say whatever I say, today I have said everything that my mind is pent up for", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00060-00040335-00040881": "a long time! Come home, byeeeeeeeeee\" - I said and ran home, but could not, run Go to", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00061-00040881-00041613": "the cafeteria near the school, and call Plan to open the door.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00062-00041613-00042271": "\"Plannnn, can I stay for a night?\" - Plan opened the door and invited me in, made a", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00063-00042271-00042953": "glass of lemonade and asked: \"What are you doing that people only smell", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00064-00042953-00043191": "like alcohol?\" Contrary to the question, I said:", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00065-00043191-00044179": "\"I'm afraid, I'm afraid of losing a friend like Gulf, today I .. I .. I said I liked", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00066-00044179-00045205": "it!\" - Plan was silent, and after a while he opened his mouth.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00067-00045205-00046058": "\"I think, it won't give up on a friend like you, it won't give up on you!\" - Then it suddenly", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00068-00046058-00046386": "reached out to take out the phone and texted something. After a while there was a phone", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00069-00046386-00046877": "ring to call me .. it was Gulf's number. [Hello .. I .. I .. I ...] - I said shakily,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00070-00046877-00047674": "but the other party answered me in a very gentle voice.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00071-00047674-00048763": "[You don't have to say, I have to apologize to you because I don't like you, right…", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00072-00048763-00049706": "But don't worry, I still consider you my friend, a very close friend of mine, okay Lhong? \"] - The", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00073-00049706-00050781": "other voice is both gentle and cautious. [Yeah .. I .. I .. I thank you so much, see", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00074-00050781-00051740": "you tomorrow at school] I traded my phone and cried a lot, Plan went to hug and comfort", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00075-00051740-00052420": "me.Well to me, cry a lot tomorrow will begin a new \"life\", formally making Gulf a friend.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00076-00052420-00052922": "Well, luckily, the love hasn't developed so much that love.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00077-00052922-00053716": "DELICIOUS, WHO HAS BEEN LIKE, GULF ......... \"Then allow me to enter my life", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00078-00053716-00054079": "I really want to understand who you are You are part of a silhouette in my heart \"", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00079-00054079-00054470": "Gulf Lhong said he liked me? That I never knew,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00080-00054470-00055162": "why am I so stupid? No, it never told me it was more stupid. After I got home, I received", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00081-00055162-00055516": "a text message from Plan [what are you doing, you are sad and sad? Call it, I am sleeping", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00082-00055516-00056083": "too, bothered]. Oh this sleepy glutton is always bothering me, so I call Lhong.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00083-00056083-00056479": "........ After talking to him over the phone, I myself", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00084-00056479-00057254": "don't know if I am right or wrong to do so, but honestly I want to see Lhong as a friend,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00085-00057254-00057730": "I'm afraid to accept Lhong's love then later share By hand, the friendship between the", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00086-00057730-00058226": "two of them is unlikely to end. And one more thing ... I was thrilled with a white boy", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00087-00058226-00058652": ".... The next morning I heard Lhong's call, he", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00088-00058652-00059674": "said he was in front of my house, wanted to drive me to school and said some things. I", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00089-00059674-00060404": "took advantage of my personal hygiene very quickly because I was curious what he wanted", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00090-00060404-00060982": "to talk about. \"Morning, Lhong.\" I saw him sitting on a pretty", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00091-00060982-00061652": "old regular bike, maybe the last time I saw it was last year, when Lhong officially had", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00092-00061652-00062287": "a convenient electric bike for commuting to school. It laughed and said:", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00093-00062287-00062941": "\"Yeah up go, today I drove you to school!\" - I immediately climbed into his car and went", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00094-00062941-00063330": "straight to the problem: \"You, I apologize to you for last night, I", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00095-00063330-00063735": "feel I'm really bastard\" - Lhong sighed and said slowly:", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00096-00063735-00064320": "\"Well, it's alright, because I fear that the more unilateral, someday ... I will love you", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00097-00064320-00064919": "when it is not good, I borrowed wine yesterday, even though I was mentally prepared to be", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00098-00064919-00065525": "you refuse but okay, at least I have been ... serene then hi hi \"- I lightly signed", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00099-00065525-00065933": "it on the back: \"Idiot, no matter what happens I won't leave", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00100-00065933-00066654": "you!\" - he said nothing, took out one hand to sign OK and ran. After a while, I suddenly", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00101-00066654-00066938": "stopped and asked me: \"Hey, don't tell me you like Mr. Mew, don't", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00102-00066938-00067368": "you think it's so pretty!\" - Speaking of Mew's name, my heart vibrated, then stopped beating", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00103-00067368-00068168": "for a few seconds and then whispered: \"I .. I don't know, it's just the first time", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00104-00068168-00069055": "I see him, my heart just keeps pounding ........ But, I know he is handsome like him. Master, it", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00105-00069055-00069282": "must be some pretty girl ...! \" I stopped for a while and then continued with the next", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00106-00069282-00069707": "sentence. Suddenly Lhong won the car and almost fell to the ground. It looked at me with a", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00107-00069707-00070498": "surprised look and said: \"Are you stupid or pretending to be stupid,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00108-00070498-00070893": "Gulf, don't you know that Mew's father looks like me?\" - He put his hand to his chin thinking", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00109-00070893-00071505": "like Conan. I really don't know, because looking at Mew's father is a man, so menly, I just", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00110-00071505-00071763": "shook his head, making him look at me with disdain:", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00111-00071763-00072173": "\"Well, I explain to you too, Mew's father is a public, only\" husband \"in the gay world,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00112-00072173-00072769": "but usually whoever is a husband, who does not look menly, sometimes just a few idiot!", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00113-00072769-00073177": "\" I understood, and asked slowly: \"So, does he ... have a boyfriend?\" - Lhong", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00114-00073177-00073427": "answered me again jokingly: \"I don't know, you won't be able to ask in", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00115-00073427-00073876": "front of him!\" - Lhong said that, making me think ... yeah maybe I should ask him directly,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00116-00073876-00074213": "because my personality is not dexterous, especially the love side. cold.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00117-00074213-00074445": "\"Lhong, so you .... are you playing the role of husband or wife?\" - I know this question", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00118-00074445-00075006": "is a bit ungainly but should always ask, later on there is no plan to marry if it has mutual", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00119-00075006-00075458": "intentions. Perhaps the question was too familiar so Lhong kept running and said:", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00120-00075458-00076136": "\"I'm a husband. Don't be surprised, although my face is a bit baby, but I don't like lying", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00121-00076136-00076561": "underneath. I liked you before because I wanted to be your husband too!\"", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00122-00076561-00076983": "Mew: From the day I saw Lhong's friend, my life", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00123-00076983-00077639": "had been turned upside down by nearly 360 degrees. Normally, I would love to be late", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00124-00077639-00078232": "to school. If I have anything, ask my friends in the class to take attendance.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00125-00078232-00078704": "But today is different. I want to go to school as soon as possible to see him. Oh, has your", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00126-00078704-00079031": "angel gone to school yet? But forget, it's okay to ask Lhong. Saying that, I also want", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00127-00079031-00079408": "to wait, the first time waiting for someone unconditionally makes my heart and heart boil.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00128-00079408-00079877": "When I could not stand it, there were 2 familiar figures in the distance running into the school.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00129-00079877-00080374": "AAAAAAA COME SOON! \"I ... hi ... you .... Mew!\" The boy faltered", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00130-00080374-00080690": "and said, holding his hands to me, I immediately waved my hand:", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00131-00080690-00081472": "\"Come on, one GULF MEET it ... You lose your life\" - Lhong and the boy looked at me with", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00132-00081472-00081603": "WTF-type eyes - I don't care anyway. I MUST BE GULF GULF.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00133-00081603-00082052": "\"Have you two had breakfast today?\" - Immediately see Lhong's bright eyes, when it comes to", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00134-00082052-00082239": "eating and drinking, if it is number 2, no one is number 1. And Gulf didn't say anything,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00135-00082239-00082710": "I just got the feeling he was shy. After a while at the cafeteria, today's gentle", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00136-00082710-00083300": "Lhong just needs \"4 bags of snacks, 3 glasses of milk tea, 4 glasses of strawberry ice cream,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00137-00083300-00083769": "1 bowl of special noodle soup\" is probably shy to Gulf, but usually he eats twice Export", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00138-00083769-00084000": "earlier. \"Eat, my friend, don't be shy, you rarely", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00139-00084000-00084414": "get invited by the school hotboy!\" Gulf said softly:", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00140-00084414-00085106": "\"How do I feel ... Oh or Mew, the fashion for you to wake up early to make your food", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00141-00085106-00085725": "too?\" - WTF? What, why is this kid so unfamiliar and so bold, he doesn't know what I like or", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00142-00085725-00085948": "hate, or what I'm allergic to? But my heart, suddenly it beat a little hard. Looking at", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00143-00085948-00086052": "Gulf, the brat was blushing, I thought he should make sense:", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00144-00086052-00086631": "\"Yeah, then you have your first meal tomorrow, reveal that I really like fried rice!\" - I", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00145-00086631-00087456": "winked one eye at the kid while poor Lhong was making a big light bulb for both of us.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00146-00087456-00087673": "WHAT WILL SPIRIT? CAN YOU EAT? .", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00147-00087673-00088318": "I did not expect the boy to do the real thing, the day before the school gate gave me a bento,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00148-00088318-00088992": "I thanked him and saw him smile, a really sunny smile. \"You really have a crush on you,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00149-00088992-00089742": "Gulf! \" And I just laughed lightly to keep the image in front of it. Can't let a real", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00150-00089742-00090164": "boy-crushing face. Every day like that, but on the 7th day, when", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00151-00090164-00090626": "I was eating in the middle, my body gradually changed, my skin was redder and there was", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00152-00090626-00091262": "a rash of urticaria leading to itching. Damn it, maybe rice has ... Seafood? So I rushed", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00153-00091262-00091557": "into the nurse's office, not knowing that eyes were watching me.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00154-00091557-00091732": "After a while in the infirmary, she said I had an allergy, tried to lie down for a meal", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00155-00091732-00092156": "and got out of where I was. After a while I heard a familiar voice, \"Let me see you", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00156-00092156-00092764": "Mew!\" Then the one who entered was none other than Gulf, who prepared the meal for me today.", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00157-00092764-00093193": "He approached me and apologized at the end: \"I'm sorry, I don't know you can't eat seafood!\"", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00158-00093193-00093626": "- I just laughed and said \"No, you must be the one to apologize to me,", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00159-00093626-00094200": "right? I forgot to tell you\" - The boy is silent but I know his heart is very regretful", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00160-00094200-00094550": "when doing this. And I said gently: \"From tomorrow, you don't have to do that?\"", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00161-00094550-00094688": "- Gulf shook his head and said in a pleading voice:", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00162-00094688-00095164": "\"No, I promised you I will do it, I have to do it, I volunteered to do it for you!\" - That", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00163-00095164-00095301": "statement surprised me, I was dumbfounded by that, the kid added:", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00164-00095301-00095629": "\"I just want to ... make a small part of your heart ... Please, for me ... because I ... liked", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00165-00095629-00096074": "you since the first time I saw you playing music!\" - A tear ran down the corner of the", "5AaL8BR0fRu-00166-00096074-00096418": "boy's eyelash. \"IF YOU LIKE ME, THEN MAKE MY BOYFRIEND!\""}}, {"audio_id": "5BgMQh_dSaU", "text": {"5BgMQh_dSaU-00000-00000471-00000774": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00001-00000774-00000974": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00002-00000974-00001024": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00003-00001024-00001074": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00004-00001080-00001280": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", 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"Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00042-00005412-00005462": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00043-00005462-00005512": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00044-00005512-00005712": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00045-00005712-00005762": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00046-00005762-00005812": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00047-00005848-00006048": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00048-00006048-00006098": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00049-00006098-00006148": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00050-00006153-00006353": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00051-00006353-00006403": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00052-00006403-00006453": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00053-00006477-00006677": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00054-00006677-00006727": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00055-00006774-00006974": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00056-00006974-00007024": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00057-00007024-00007074": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00058-00007080-00007280": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00059-00007280-00007330": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00060-00007330-00007380": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00061-00007385-00007435": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00062-00007435-00007485": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00063-00007496-00007696": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00064-00007696-00007746": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00065-00007746-00007796": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00066-00007807-00008007": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00067-00008007-00008057": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00068-00008057-00008107": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00069-00008115-00008315": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00070-00008315-00008365": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00071-00008365-00008415": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00072-00008418-00008468": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00073-00008468-00008518": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00074-00008571-00008771": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery", "5BgMQh_dSaU-00075-00008771-00008821": "Let's ready for Amarnath yatra 2019 | चलो करें अमरनाथ यात्रा की तैयारी | Amarnath Cave Mystery"}}, {"audio_id": "5B-OStLtaRU", "text": {"5B-OStLtaRU-00008-00001982-00002182": "Hi today I want to talk about a", "5B-OStLtaRU-00009-00002182-00002382": "self-tanning and in particular", "5B-OStLtaRU-00010-00002382-00002582": "the Gocce Magiche for the body of", "5B-OStLtaRU-00011-00002582-00002758": "Collistar.", "5B-OStLtaRU-00013-00002808-00003008": "The package a 125 ml and the price is", "5B-OStLtaRU-00014-00003008-00003208": "around € 25 depending on the stores.", "5B-OStLtaRU-00016-00003408-00003608": "As a self-tanning this is really very", "5B-OStLtaRU-00017-00003608-00003808": "practical, first of all does not smell like", "5B-OStLtaRU-00018-00003808-00004008": "the usual products of this type,", "5B-OStLtaRU-00019-00004008-00004208": "the color you get is not all orange,", "5B-OStLtaRU-00020-00004208-00004408": "but it is a color very similar to the natural", "5B-OStLtaRU-00021-00004408-00004608": "tan that with the first soft applications", "5B-OStLtaRU-00022-00004608-00004808": "and You can choose from hand to renew", "5B-OStLtaRU-00023-00004808-00005008": "applications to intensify the color to the", "5B-OStLtaRU-00024-00005008-00005208": "desired tonality.", "5B-OStLtaRU-00026-00005368-00005418": "The texture is a gel and therefore it", "5B-OStLtaRU-00027-00005418-00005618": "stretches very well on the skin,", "5B-OStLtaRU-00028-00005618-00005818": "obviously before I recommend maybe", "5B-OStLtaRU-00029-00005818-00006018": "doing a beautiful scrub on the body.", "5B-OStLtaRU-00031-00006186-00006236": "It must be applied to the skin completely", "5B-OStLtaRU-00032-00006236-00006416": "dry, however, it spreads very well,", "5B-OStLtaRU-00033-00006416-00006466": "very quickly and dries quickly.", "5B-OStLtaRU-00035-00006666-00006866": "Very importantly,", "5B-OStLtaRU-00036-00006866-00007066": "I recommend that you go about 5 to 10", "5B-OStLtaRU-00037-00007066-00007266": "minutes after the application before", "5B-OStLtaRU-00038-00007266-00007466": "dressing it up so that it will dry out well", "5B-OStLtaRU-00039-00007466-00007666": "and do not risk creating spots or staining", "5B-OStLtaRU-00040-00007666-00007866": "the clothes.", "5B-OStLtaRU-00042-00008066-00008266": "It is easy to apply while being careful to", "5B-OStLtaRU-00043-00008266-00008466": "pass it over all parts of the body and I", "5B-OStLtaRU-00044-00008466-00008666": "recommend using a special applicator", "5B-OStLtaRU-00045-00008666-00008866": "glove that is now on sale everywhere,", "5B-OStLtaRU-00046-00008866-00009018": "so the application is error-proof.", "5B-OStLtaRU-00048-00009068-00009268": "This package lasted for me all summer", "5B-OStLtaRU-00049-00009268-00009468": "long and I applied it over the top of the", "5B-OStLtaRU-00050-00009468-00009668": "body.", "5B-OStLtaRU-00052-00009868-00010060": "I know that there is also the version for", "5B-OStLtaRU-00053-00010060-00010110": "the Gocce Magiche face and I'm really", "5B-OStLtaRU-00054-00010110-00010200": "curious to try them.", "5B-OStLtaRU-00057-00010482-00010532": "This is a product that I absolutely", "5B-OStLtaRU-00058-00010532-00010732": "recommend and I recompense because I", "5B-OStLtaRU-00059-00010732-00010932": "really liked it.", "5B-OStLtaRU-00064-00011332-00011500": "Let me know if you have tried it and how", "5B-OStLtaRU-00065-00011500-00011550": "did you find me as I always hope to be", "5B-OStLtaRU-00066-00011550-00011750": "useful to you and if you liked the video", "5B-OStLtaRU-00067-00011750-00011950": "please feel like it and subscribe to the", "5B-OStLtaRU-00068-00011950-00012150": "channel and I recommend clicking on", "5B-OStLtaRU-00069-00012150-00012350": "the bell so you will not miss the", "5B-OStLtaRU-00070-00012350-00012550": "upcoming reviews and you will be", "5B-OStLtaRU-00071-00012550-00012640": "notified When it's loaded with new ones", "5B-OStLtaRU-00072-00012640-00012750": "and you'll be dating to the next beauty", "5B-OStLtaRU-00073-00012750-00012950": "review."}}, {"audio_id": "5BLffuz5vSM", "text": {"5BLffuz5vSM-00000-00000064-00000512": "Hey my friend! So I'm gonna be showing you how I share", "5BLffuz5vSM-00001-00000592-00001136": "up to 24 platforms in 20 minutes! How do I share native assets", "5BLffuz5vSM-00002-00001192-00001592": "to 24 platforms in under 20 minutes. I'm gonna show you my process", "5BLffuz5vSM-00003-00001592-00001760": "and we're gonna time it", "5BLffuz5vSM-00004-00001760-00002023": "and hopefully I'm gonna get it within the 20 minutes", "5BLffuz5vSM-00005-00002023-00002496": "but you're gonna kinda see how the process works, how I can have native assets. We're", "5BLffuz5vSM-00006-00002496-00002664": "going to talk about what are native assets", "5BLffuz5vSM-00007-00002728-00003016": "in just a second but we're going to do that", "5BLffuz5vSM-00008-00003016-00003288": "uh... and show you how all that works and what I do...", "5BLffuz5vSM-00009-00003288-00003520": "and... well, we'll do that in just a moment...", "5BLffuz5vSM-00010-00003672-00004064": "So, the real question is this: What are thestrategies,", "5BLffuz5vSM-00011-00004064-00004424": "techniques and tools that you need to learn", "5BLffuz5vSM-00012-00004424-00004976": "to generate residual income from the e-learning boom that's happening right now?", "5BLffuz5vSM-00013-00005072-00005792": "My name is Jean-Serge Gagnon and welcome to Course Income Secrets!", "5BLffuz5vSM-00014-00005792-00006144": "So, one of the things that you want to be doing, to be,", "5BLffuz5vSM-00015-00006232-00006512": "you know, generating income from the e-learning boom is...", "5BLffuz5vSM-00016-00006512-00007040": "is you want to be gene... you want to creating content and posting it as many places as you can", "5BLffuz5vSM-00017-00007040-00007592": "you as many people to see your stuff... and there's different ways to do that", "5BLffuz5vSM-00018-00007592-00008080": "but, by posting it on all the platforms... being omnipresent like Gary Vee talks about", "5BLffuz5vSM-00019-00008080-00008424": "is.. one of the ways. And that's something I've been doing for a while", "5BLffuz5vSM-00020-00008424-00008616": "and I want to show you exactly what I do", "5BLffuz5vSM-00021-00008616-00008800": "so that you can do the same thing", "5BLffuz5vSM-00022-00008800-00009184": "and you can put yourself a blueprint and figure out how to do it yourself", "5BLffuz5vSM-00023-00009184-00009288": "What we're gonna do", "5BLffuz5vSM-00024-00009288-00009688": "is we're actually going to start a screen share and I'm actually going to start a timer", "5BLffuz5vSM-00025-00009752-00009936": "I'm going to show you what I do, then..", "5BLffuz5vSM-00026-00009936-00010232": "Actually, before we do that, let me just clarify something...", "5BLffuz5vSM-00027-00010232-00010848": "uh.. but if you're watching this... and... if... sorry... if you're listening to the audio,", "5BLffuz5vSM-00028-00010920-00011064": "you should go check out the", "5BLffuz5vSM-00029-00011064-00011384": "full blog and the full video at cis269.jsgagnon.com", "5BLffuz5vSM-00030-00011768-00011936": "for the full video and the full blog", "5BLffuz5vSM-00031-00012040-00012192": "and.. we're gonna go...", "5BLffuz5vSM-00032-00012192-00012792": "ok I'm gonna explain to you what is an asset - what do I mean by \"native asset\"?", "5BLffuz5vSM-00033-00012792-00013384": "You know, you could create a video, an image... or what let's let's do a video i create videos", "5BLffuz5vSM-00034-00013384-00013991": "every day 20 a 30 minute or so video and i share it to youtube right so i could take that video", "5BLffuz5vSM-00035-00014184-00014760": "gives me a link right so i could actually take that video and share it on facebook on linkedin", "5BLffuz5vSM-00036-00014760-00015319": "on twitter on instagram well maybe not instagram not easily anyways but you can share it on almost", "5BLffuz5vSM-00037-00015319-00015968": "all the platforms just the link right that's not native that's a link to another platform", "5BLffuz5vSM-00038-00016047-00016608": "in say facebook you have a link to youtube well it's not a native content for you for facebook a", "5BLffuz5vSM-00039-00016608-00017280": "native content for facebook is a video or an image or text that you put straight in facebook that", "5BLffuz5vSM-00040-00017336-00017808": "isn't anywhere else the platform wants that linkedin is the same thing it's either a video", "5BLffuz5vSM-00041-00017808-00018352": "on linkedin that you actually upload to linkedin an image or text that you put right in linkedin", "5BLffuz5vSM-00042-00018352-00019080": "that's what native content is and assets are pieces of content so an asset could be", "5BLffuz5vSM-00043-00019080-00019704": "text it could be an image it could be audio it could be a video it could be subtitles it could", "5BLffuz5vSM-00044-00019704-00020400": "be a gif right a gif those are assets so that's what i'm talking about when i say i post native", "5BLffuz5vSM-00045-00020400-00021040": "assets to 24 platforms i'm going to show you how i do that within 20 minutes 20 minutes or", "5BLffuz5vSM-00046-00021040-00021560": "less so we're going to get started let me share my screen and show you what i'm talking about", "5BLffuz5vSM-00047-00021808-00022416": "so i have my blog right here and i actually have a little timer i'm actually going to", "5BLffuz5vSM-00048-00022416-00022864": "start a stopwatch right here and then we're going to start sharing and then afterwards we're going", "5BLffuz5vSM-00049-00022864-00023544": "to list all the things i shared and why and how i and you know and how many where the 24 are right", "5BLffuz5vSM-00050-00023544-00024168": "i might not anyways we'll we'll see i haven't actually done this but let's go and start the", "5BLffuz5vSM-00051-00024168-00024832": "stopwatch and start the share so here we go all right so first i share my blog so i just published", "5BLffuz5vSM-00052-00024832-00025336": "my blog i've i've wrote it up and i mean i'm not including the creation of the blog or the video so", "5BLffuz5vSM-00053-00025336-00026144": "i've published my blog now i go to youtube and i publish the post the video as well so that's two", "5BLffuz5vSM-00054-00026144-00026736": "platforms those are posted then i go into linkedin i start a post in linkedin i get my text for", "5BLffuz5vSM-00055-00026736-00027360": "linkedin i take the text from linkedin actually let's make this a little bit higher so we can see", "5BLffuz5vSM-00056-00027360-00028032": "more of it okay so i take the text from linkedin i copy that and i paste that in my linkedin post", "5BLffuz5vSM-00057-00028127-00028872": "right over here and then i put a video so i'm gonna put this video 268 yeah that's right", "5BLffuz5vSM-00058-00028952-00029512": "so this is yesterday's episode right i'm doing this live right now and i share that i post that", "5BLffuz5vSM-00059-00029512-00029960": "i just wait a moment for it to upload and then i go to my page i might maybe i don't", "5BLffuz5vSM-00060-00029960-00030583": "need to wait this but i'm not sure so then i go to my page and then i do the same thing", "5BLffuz5vSM-00061-00030832-00031312": "and you know we're waiting hopefully this isn't going to make us wait too too long because", "5BLffuz5vSM-00062-00031368-00031832": "i'm trying to do this as quickly as i can the video i take the same paste i", "5BLffuz5vSM-00063-00031832-00032624": "took the same thing and then i pasted the done whoops done and i post it and by the", "5BLffuz5vSM-00064-00032624-00033016": "way one of the things and i have another page so i'm going to wait for this upload to finish", "5BLffuz5vSM-00065-00033128-00033632": "and i'm going to click the button to go back and i'm going to go to my other page and this one", "5BLffuz5vSM-00066-00033632-00034160": "and i do that sometimes but let's do this for you right here i'm actually going to go and do", "5BLffuz5vSM-00067-00034160-00034672": "the same thing and i'm going to do the video i'm going to get the video and i'm actually going to", "5BLffuz5vSM-00068-00034672-00035224": "edit the video and add a thumbnail to it right i'm going to add that watch even uh", "5BLffuz5vSM-00069-00035360-00035784": "so oh i did i forgot to get the subtitles from the site okay well let's not worry about that", "5BLffuz5vSM-00070-00035784-00036488": "let's just let's just say done let's just post it um okay so that's the third video then what i do", "5BLffuz5vSM-00071-00036488-00036968": "i wait for that to finish right down there right then i go back to the linkedin main page", "5BLffuz5vSM-00072-00037024-00037600": "while this is finishing up i actually go to write an article so in the linkedin article", "5BLffuz5vSM-00073-00037600-00038192": "now this is does not count as multiple platforms when i was saying 24 right so i go to the post go", "5BLffuz5vSM-00074-00038192-00039464": "back to my whoops holy holy holy smoly there it is right here right so this is the post take the", "5BLffuz5vSM-00075-00039464-00040112": "title right here and go put the title right there i take the thumbnail this thumbnail over here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00076-00040272-00040856": "and then i take the text from the post at least some of it and", "5BLffuz5vSM-00077-00041176-00041928": "let's just do this put that in here put that in here so this is probably going to take me maybe", "5BLffuz5vSM-00078-00041928-00042480": "i'm actually end up being longer than what i was saying but well anyways we'll see we'll be close", "5BLffuz5vSM-00079-00042608-00043072": "so i'm just cleaning up where there were images i probably could have pasted images", "5BLffuz5vSM-00080-00043192-00043816": "so i'm going to go over here i'm going to say that read more at so this is the article", "5BLffuz5vSM-00081-00043816-00044400": "in linkedin right so i go in here and i take the the link which is this link over here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00082-00044576-00045480": "copy that paste that whoops wrong tab paste that over here all right so now we paste that", "5BLffuz5vSM-00083-00045480-00046384": "we've got that in here let's create the link make it a link and then i apply and publish", "5BLffuz5vSM-00084-00046448-00047176": "so then i just take the same text i have for the linkedin post copy that over here go in here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00085-00047176-00047880": "there you go i remove this line because that's not relevant to the article i publish it so now", "5BLffuz5vSM-00086-00047880-00048392": "i uh this is this is one of the main ones right it's linkedin then i click on share to twitter", "5BLffuz5vSM-00087-00048392-00048944": "just the linkedin article i just tweet it then i go to the twitter text i get my twitter text", "5BLffuz5vSM-00088-00049096-00049272": "i cut and paste i copy this", "5BLffuz5vSM-00089-00049512-00050096": "put it put that in here too there's some weirdness going on let me just clean that up", "5BLffuz5vSM-00090-00050184-00051176": "then i take the uh the twitter whoops where was that i clicked the gif oh what happened here ah", "5BLffuz5vSM-00091-00051312-00051984": "i did something wrong see that's gonna slow me down i'm gonna lose some time here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00092-00052088-00052744": "why is that there oh that's new oh no okay that was actually correct that was actually", "5BLffuz5vSM-00093-00052744-00053240": "correct so i'm wasting time here trying to fix something that doesn't need to be fixed", "5BLffuz5vSM-00094-00053328-00053976": "that's because i don't want this here just want to remove it and i want to put my own video where", "5BLffuz5vSM-00095-00053976-00054479": "it is this trim video okay so native content right remember native content i might have a", "5BLffuz5vSM-00096-00054479-00055144": "link but i want native content so i tweet that's going while that's going i go back to here and i", "5BLffuz5vSM-00097-00055144-00055728": "close this because it's all done my linkedin is ready now i go find my post", "5BLffuz5vSM-00098-00055960-00056704": "posts you know obviously uh because things are because i'm trying to show you as quickly as i can", "5BLffuz5vSM-00099-00056760-00057072": "things aren't working perfectly normally i would have the video", "5BLffuz5vSM-00100-00057072-00057391": "right on the page i wouldn't have to do this extra thing i'm doing", "5BLffuz5vSM-00101-00057391-00057904": "so i'm just gonna love this and i'm gonna add the watch first comment to it", "5BLffuz5vSM-00102-00058208-00058984": "and i'm gonna paste that in here and then i'm gonna share it two groups so i share in groups", "5BLffuz5vSM-00103-00059112-00059832": "and i shared to like 10 groups uh whoops that was already done save back", "5BLffuz5vSM-00104-00060040-00060664": "boost so i'm getting distracted i'm not doing exactly the right the exact things i'm normally", "5BLffuz5vSM-00105-00060664-00061008": "when i'm not because i'm you know talking and everything at the same time so it's kind of", "5BLffuz5vSM-00106-00061008-00061455": "distracting me a little bit so i'm probably wasting time but that's just an excuse right", "5BLffuz5vSM-00107-00061608-00062216": "but yeah so i'm sharing to different groups here i just take the video at the post and i share it", "5BLffuz5vSM-00108-00062312-00062455": "and i go to the different groups", "5BLffuz5vSM-00109-00062712-00063191": "so i'm not going to bother with rest but i share to other groups then i go back to my main", "5BLffuz5vSM-00110-00063191-00063928": "page here and i go to my page and i actually add i do the same thing on my page i like it", "5BLffuz5vSM-00111-00064032-00064767": "and i add the link to the real post on there i do the same thing on the other page", "5BLffuz5vSM-00112-00064872-00065640": "just right over here all right so now that is linkedin so now linkedin is done", "5BLffuz5vSM-00113-00065736-00066176": "whoops i guess the other video is not there anyways there's things going on this is not", "5BLffuz5vSM-00114-00066176-00066560": "normally of course because i'm trying to do it live with you it's happening so next", "5BLffuz5vSM-00115-00066560-00067200": "what i do is i go to facebook and i do a facebook live so now we have two platform", "5BLffuz5vSM-00116-00067200-00067664": "we have four platforms done right so i go to facebook now so under live i go here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00117-00067832-00068496": "and then of course my phone went to sleep and that means my connection to my phone is is gone", "5BLffuz5vSM-00118-00068608-00069320": "retry okay so um now i go to here i start up obs", "5BLffuz5vSM-00119-00069552-00070816": "and i change the video to today's video oops which is this one the trim five minute one", "5BLffuz5vSM-00120-00070960-00071584": "and i go to the one moment i change the thumbnail", "5BLffuz5vSM-00121-00071824-00072264": "so this is kind of what i do every single day whoops thumbnail there you go", "5BLffuz5vSM-00122-00072440-00073144": "okay and i changed well i guess that's probably fine text i'm going to edit that to be 268", "5BLffuz5vSM-00123-00073600-00074016": "and we're going to go get the text which is the real story behind course income", "5BLffuz5vSM-00124-00074016-00074384": "secrets", "5BLffuz5vSM-00125-00074664-00075288": "there you go let's save that and then make that a little bit bigger kind of fits more in the box", "5BLffuz5vSM-00126-00075344-00076168": "okay so that's the story there now i go back to here and i get the facebook live text i get", "5BLffuz5vSM-00127-00076168-00077256": "the title up here whoops up here copy the title go to my facebook post paste that in the title", "5BLffuz5vSM-00128-00077512-00077648": "get the rest of the text", "5BLffuz5vSM-00129-00078080-00078192": "go back to facebook", "5BLffuz5vSM-00130-00078432-00078584": "paste that here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00131-00078792-00079808": "go to cross post pages i select them all and then i start my streaming over here that'll", "5BLffuz5vSM-00132-00079808-00080152": "start the streaming right here you're going to see the waiting for live video change to a video", "5BLffuz5vSM-00133-00080424-00080880": "and the button to go blue now i can click this button and i'm going to go straight", "5BLffuz5vSM-00134-00080880-00081416": "to video only pretty much right away next what i do is i go and edit my audience on", "5BLffuz5vSM-00135-00081416-00081984": "facebook because i want to keep track of my audience make sure that the video is there", "5BLffuz5vSM-00136-00082296-00083040": "and so then i go to this audience which is the cis video edit that", "5BLffuz5vSM-00137-00083392-00083536": "and i edit the", "5BLffuz5vSM-00138-00083744-00084616": "i edit the page group course income secrets and the video to whoops that's not the right one", "5BLffuz5vSM-00139-00084880-00085584": "okay i add the video to my audience that now that's a custom audience that i have on facebook", "5BLffuz5vSM-00140-00085664-00086072": "and after i've done that then i go to my phones i'm actually going to show you my phone here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00141-00086288-00087056": "make this full full screen move it so you can kind of see right about there okay so then i go to", "5BLffuz5vSM-00142-00087056-00088136": "facebook i go find my page right the page i posted the video on page posts and i take that text and", "5BLffuz5vSM-00143-00088136-00089320": "i copy the text i like the video and i share it to my main profile and then open it up let's turn the", "5BLffuz5vSM-00144-00089320-00089992": "sound down and i just to do a couple of these i do a share and then i share to group as you can see", "5BLffuz5vSM-00145-00089992-00090392": "right there when you're doing it this way you get this list of groups which makes it a lot easier", "5BLffuz5vSM-00146-00090392-00091184": "to share then i paste this here i share it to a couple of to some of the groups i'm allowed to", "5BLffuz5vSM-00147-00091688-00092536": "share it to some group serve to the ic then then i share it to spam groups so money now just keep", "5BLffuz5vSM-00148-00092536-00093032": "keep in mind that you shouldn't be sharing to like this many groups when you're starting out", "5BLffuz5vSM-00149-00093032-00093536": "because you will go to facebook jail i definitely can guarantee you you will go to facebook jail if", "5BLffuz5vSM-00150-00093536-00094048": "you do this it took me a few months to get to a point where i can share to this many groups", "5BLffuz5vSM-00151-00094104-00094600": "uh normally it's like i after five groups the the buttons would stop working right", "5BLffuz5vSM-00152-00094600-00095088": "they would uh close me down but now because i've been doing it regularly because i end up", "5BLffuz5vSM-00153-00095088-00095688": "uh being it's anyways that's kind of how facebook works it'll give you the permissions to post", "5BLffuz5vSM-00154-00095688-00096464": "right so now while this video is still going i'm actually going to go into uh instagram oops let's", "5BLffuz5vSM-00155-00096464-00097080": "just go to instagram and i'm going to post a new video up here and it's going to be this same video", "5BLffuz5vSM-00156-00097400-00097904": "but it's got like you can see it's got the subtitles i'm going to add it to series", "5BLffuz5vSM-00157-00098064-00098432": "and i'm going to let me make sure i have this over here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00158-00098632-00099104": "okay so i'm going to add it to series i'm going to paste it the title in here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00159-00099200-00099976": "i'm going to get just the title part right over here copy this paste that right here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00160-00100080-00100840": "i'm actually going to go in here and spin that then i post it so now it's posting the uh video on", "5BLffuz5vSM-00161-00100904-00101208": "instagram as well so we're going to instagram right so we got twitter", "5BLffuz5vSM-00162-00101208-00101784": "linkedin youtube my blog instagram and now we're doing facebook so we're like on number", "5BLffuz5vSM-00163-00101872-00102608": "uh number six right the facebook one so when the facebook is finished this is at 3 32 there's", "5BLffuz5vSM-00164-00102608-00103152": "four minutes before that's finished so while that's happening let's go and do sound cloud", "5BLffuz5vSM-00165-00103232-00103959": "so over here i upload the sound cloud i'm going to take the wav file i'm going to set the image", "5BLffuz5vSM-00166-00104256-00105183": "upload the image i use my soundcloud image this one here i set the title to business", "5BLffuz5vSM-00167-00105311-00105896": "over here and i go in here and i get the soundcloud text oops", "5BLffuz5vSM-00168-00106008-00106583": "soundcloud text which is that this title right here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00169-00106920-00107832": "go back here paste this some text right there i get this title out of here and i paste it in", "5BLffuz5vSM-00170-00107832-00108735": "the metadata title go back to here well let's just uh this is almost done so we're going to", "5BLffuz5vSM-00171-00108735-00109383": "stop streaming as soon as it reaches the 450 so we got 10 seconds let's wait for the 10 seconds", "5BLffuz5vSM-00172-00109648-00110344": "we still have four three two one there we go stop streaming so i can just stop that", "5BLffuz5vSM-00173-00110344-00110792": "the facebook is going to finish uh if we go back to the facebook you can see right here that it", "5BLffuz5vSM-00174-00110792-00111383": "says that the stream is finished so let's finish the soundcloud one soundcloud right over here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00175-00111528-00112504": "take all this and copy all that paste that in here get the link bring it over to the buy link which", "5BLffuz5vSM-00176-00112504-00113583": "i just changed to blog i set the date to today right my name in the artist and the composer", "5BLffuz5vSM-00177-00113680-00114216": "which i don't know if that's right but anyways that's working import course income secrets", "5BLffuz5vSM-00178-00114335-00114808": "in the publisher which i'm sure is wrong but anyways doesn't really matter it seems to work", "5BLffuz5vSM-00179-00114808-00115416": "then i say note here no explicit content i set the permission so that anybody can download and", "5BLffuz5vSM-00180-00115416-00116008": "share anything i don't care it's my content with me my face my sound so then i save it", "5BLffuz5vSM-00181-00116008-00116776": "now it's published to soundcloud okay so next one is pinterest so under pinterest i create a new pin", "5BLffuz5vSM-00182-00116983-00117759": "and i upload a short video again so the short video the trim five minute video and i give it", "5BLffuz5vSM-00183-00117759-00118720": "the thumbnail that i have over here and i get the text for the pinterest i get the title right here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00184-00119024-00119568": "i paste it right in here i take the text that content text", "5BLffuz5vSM-00185-00119776-00120096": "put that in here i get the link", "5BLffuz5vSM-00186-00120488-00121368": "copy that and i paste it in the link destination link and then i post it right so then i also go", "5BLffuz5vSM-00187-00121368-00122248": "to i do two pins on pinterest so i also go to the soundcloud one where i post soundcloud pins which", "5BLffuz5vSM-00188-00122248-00122959": "basically the soundcloud thumbnail my pin i'm gonna add the soundcloud pin this one over here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00189-00123072-00123456": "and i'm actually gonna take the title without the course income secrets at", "5BLffuz5vSM-00190-00123456-00124016": "the beginning i just say this then i paste that in here i get the same text", "5BLffuz5vSM-00191-00124328-00125192": "paste that in here and then i get the sound cloud link from here and i paste that in the link", "5BLffuz5vSM-00192-00125359-00125856": "and then we publish it so now the last thing let's see how far we are where's our clock", "5BLffuz5vSM-00193-00125952-00126400": "there's our clock right here 16 minutes ooh we're pretty good we're pretty good then i go to clicky", "5BLffuz5vSM-00194-00126400-00127208": "course which i think yeah okay i go to this this actually wasn't ready oh that's interesting", "5BLffuz5vSM-00195-00127496-00128008": "okay i'm not sure what that's doing there but back to the course that was", "5BLffuz5vSM-00196-00128008-00128552": "probably from yesterday's post and i click on the plus to upload it and now i'm gonna", "5BLffuz5vSM-00197-00128552-00129048": "tell you after we're all done we're gonna talk about the rest of what this all does", "5BLffuz5vSM-00198-00129159-00129783": "and i use the facebook text to to whoops to produce the content here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00199-00130000-00130120": "so there's the title", "5BLffuz5vSM-00200-00130344-00131376": "i put that in here as the title over here over here and then i take the rest of it actually", "5BLffuz5vSM-00201-00131376-00131856": "the first line i take that as the summary which obviously is not correct but anyways that's kind", "5BLffuz5vSM-00202-00131856-00132736": "of what i've been doing and the rest of the text is what i put in the details copy that", "5BLffuz5vSM-00203-00132992-00133712": "and i paste that in here and i get this link and i make this last part a link", "5BLffuz5vSM-00204-00134096-00134408": "there we go i don't think there's any other links on here is there no", "5BLffuz5vSM-00205-00134480-00135528": "i'm then i copy this into the other okay and then i go and i put the date 20 20 11 18 12 30.", "5BLffuz5vSM-00206-00135744-00136272": "right so i post that i upload video instead and this is the short one so i choose the", "5BLffuz5vSM-00207-00136272-00136864": "five minute one and save that then i go to the other one", "5BLffuz5vSM-00208-00137016-00137752": "paste the publish date switch to a video choose the video put the full video uh the full video the", "5BLffuz5vSM-00209-00137752-00138520": "full video which one is it right here and i save that and then i go back to the other guy which is", "5BLffuz5vSM-00210-00138520-00139320": "done i edit him i publish i make it published whoops i change the thumbnail to the actual", "5BLffuz5vSM-00211-00139320-00140184": "soundcloud thumbnail for here and i save that and then i go back to the one no it's not finished", "5BLffuz5vSM-00212-00140328-00140904": "it's just finishing up and there we go do the same thing here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00213-00141064-00141784": "make it published choose a file but this one i put the thumbnail and i save it", "5BLffuz5vSM-00214-00141944-00142528": "and then we can go back to the course over here and go back to the course over here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00215-00142752-00143544": "and that's it i'm done let's see how did we do 19 39 look at that we did it in 19 minutes 39", "5BLffuz5vSM-00216-00143544-00144128": "seconds now i've posted to all the platforms like i said 24. so we're going to count them", "5BLffuz5vSM-00217-00144128-00144768": "i'm going to show you what i how that was 24 platforms so by the way we'll go back to our", "5BLffuz5vSM-00218-00144768-00145512": "i'll show you the um the phone again so the the the uh the post on instagram is complete", "5BLffuz5vSM-00219-00145512-00146112": "normally i go here and i add a i had some hashtags right so i go to add some hashtags in a comment", "5BLffuz5vSM-00220-00146208-00146904": "down here and then the next thing i do is i actually do a snapchat recording so i", "5BLffuz5vSM-00221-00146904-00147352": "post on snapchat as well so let's actually do that right now while we're doing the episode", "5BLffuz5vSM-00222-00147352-00147712": "we're going to do the snapchat recording and i'm actually going to talk about how i'm doing", "5BLffuz5vSM-00223-00147712-00148288": "this episode and everything and uh yeah so just let's do that hey how's it going okay so today", "5BLffuz5vSM-00224-00148288-00149008": "i'm actually doing an episode live showing how i post everything to 24 platforms hi i post", "5BLffuz5vSM-00225-00149112-00150192": "24 on 24 platforms how i post uh uh well within 20 minutes 24 i post native assets on 24 platforms", "5BLffuz5vSM-00226-00150192-00150800": "within 20 minutes now that's tomorrow's episode but today's episode was about the episode today", "5BLffuz5vSM-00227-00150800-00151560": "was about the actual background of course income secrets how of course income secrets came to be", "5BLffuz5vSM-00228-00151616-00152320": "my story a little bit the real story behind course income secrets that's cis um actually two six", "5BLffuz5vSM-00229-00152320-00153256": "and eight cis 268 is what we are doing today and uh it's the real story behind course course income", "5BLffuz5vSM-00230-00153256-00153840": "secrets who am i how i became a programmer my first network marketing jobs all that stuff so", "5BLffuz5vSM-00231-00154096-00154688": "dot cis268.js guys so there we go so now i just recorded it now i'm actually gonna save it to", "5BLffuz5vSM-00232-00154688-00155280": "my phone let's show you the screen again so i'm on this is my snapchat i'm actually saving it", "5BLffuz5vSM-00233-00155280-00155808": "to my phone so that's another platform right but that's i guess past the 20 minutes but", "5BLffuz5vSM-00234-00155808-00156224": "anyways i do i do the stories it takes a little bit more time because the stories", "5BLffuz5vSM-00235-00156224-00156584": "i have to save it then i have to do a couple of things i'm actually going to do that and", "5BLffuz5vSM-00236-00156584-00157016": "show you that right now too why not we are in 26 minutes into the episode so might as", "5BLffuz5vSM-00237-00157016-00157680": "well show you that as well so now it's saved so what i do sorry is i add the text of the title", "5BLffuz5vSM-00238-00157824-00158552": "and i add a swipe up because on snapchat i can actually put a link right swipe up to watch", "5BLffuz5vSM-00239-00158552-00159080": "video and read blog right so i put that then i put the link", "5BLffuz5vSM-00240-00159080-00160272": "cis268.js right and that will go fetch the actual url", "5BLffuz5vSM-00241-00160448-00161208": "there we go we put that down here i put a cute little up arrow right there and i add my snap code", "5BLffuz5vSM-00242-00161368-00161912": "so the reason i add my snap code even though it's me is because i also share it to the", "5BLffuz5vSM-00243-00161992-00162488": "our story or now it's called spotlight in case anybody sees it from there at least they can", "5BLffuz5vSM-00244-00162488-00163184": "do a screenshot and follow if they want right spotlight my story and share so now it's uploading", "5BLffuz5vSM-00245-00163184-00163944": "to snapchat while it's uploading to snapchat i go right into instagram and i actually add it to the", "5BLffuz5vSM-00246-00163944-00164600": "story so now yeah so they changed it so you go up here you go to story and i upload so i just", "5BLffuz5vSM-00247-00164600-00165232": "say i'm gonna upload this and in instagram when i do it it splits it up into four pieces right", "5BLffuz5vSM-00248-00165232-00166296": "so now what i do is i put different texts i'm actually doing a recording right now", "5BLffuz5vSM-00249-00166432-00167120": "of episode of tomorrow's episode tomorrow because it is like people watching the", "5BLffuz5vSM-00250-00167120-00167576": "story they're going to be it's it's this what i'm recording right now is for tomorrow right", "5BLffuz5vSM-00251-00167576-00168240": "so i'm actually recording that for tomorrow's episode episode whoops", "5BLffuz5vSM-00252-00168608-00169208": "okay so then i put some color here and then i put that up there then on the next one i just", "5BLffuz5vSM-00253-00169208-00171040": "say something else uh it's going to be going to be about posting to 20 oops oops 24 platforms within", "5BLffuz5vSM-00254-00171320-00171424": "20 minutes", "5BLffuz5vSM-00255-00171744-00172400": "okay so that's what the episode tomorrow is going to be about whoops this color and then", "5BLffuz5vSM-00256-00172400-00172952": "i'm gonna put in here the title the last two ones i just put the uh the title of the actual", "5BLffuz5vSM-00257-00172952-00173432": "episode of that day which is today's episode right which isn't what i'm recording right now", "5BLffuz5vSM-00258-00173560-00174272": "and i do the same thing over here and i put that like this oops actually it's supposed to be a", "5BLffuz5vSM-00259-00174272-00174768": "second tab and the reason why i do this by the way the reason i do this a light green and this", "5BLffuz5vSM-00260-00174768-00175344": "one i do dark green is because sometimes the order of the four videos isn't exactly correct", "5BLffuz5vSM-00261-00175344-00175656": "so when i'm sharing it to facebook or linkedin i want to make sure i know this", "5BLffuz5vSM-00262-00175656-00176256": "the order they were in i could put a number there i suppose but i've never okay so then i say learn", "5BLffuz5vSM-00263-00176368-00177640": "more at c c i s 2 6 8 dot j s g a g n o n so i do that learn more at right that's blue it's", "5BLffuz5vSM-00264-00177640-00178200": "always the same colors i use and whoops and i'm actually going to go here i'm going to take this", "5BLffuz5vSM-00265-00178312-00178952": "that's not what i want to do cancel i'm going to do that now i'm going to copy whoa", "5BLffuz5vSM-00266-00179216-00180000": "i want to select all select all and copy there we go okay then i go to the next one i paste the same", "5BLffuz5vSM-00267-00180000-00180880": "thing make it blue but dark okay so that's that's the instagram post now i post it to my story", "5BLffuz5vSM-00268-00180880-00181488": "i do done so then now i gotta wait for it to finish posting on my story right as you can", "5BLffuz5vSM-00269-00181488-00181928": "see i don't get a lot of views on my stories on instagram it's basically nothing i don't really", "5BLffuz5vSM-00270-00181928-00182384": "know why because i used to get 2 300 views on my stories on instagram and all of a sudden there's", "5BLffuz5vSM-00271-00182384-00183064": "just some say it's just because the platform is is catering more to people who pay right so that's", "5BLffuz5vSM-00272-00183064-00183480": "probably what it is but anyways i still keep posting every day and i wait for this to finish", "5BLffuz5vSM-00273-00183560-00184144": "after that's done then i share it to facebook and i share it to linkedin stories so those aren't in", "5BLffuz5vSM-00274-00184144-00184600": "my 24 okay so what are the 24 platforms i share to you let me just show you that", "5BLffuz5vSM-00275-00184656-00185384": "over here i've got this this is the one right here and if i go to no actually this is tomorrow's", "5BLffuz5vSM-00276-00185384-00185960": "episode so let me put that in tomorrow's episode which is this one let's create a new text file", "5BLffuz5vSM-00277-00186184-00186920": "and i'm gonna list for you notes actually let's list the platforms so uh by the way we can look", "5BLffuz5vSM-00278-00186920-00187336": "at this this image too shows us kind of the platforms right uh these platforms are they", "5BLffuz5vSM-00279-00187336-00187832": "don't include everything uh the 24 i don't know maybe they are there but that's kind of", "5BLffuz5vSM-00280-00187832-00188544": "what i do i share to all these platforms right using a video i record and all that right okay", "5BLffuz5vSM-00281-00188544-00189168": "so that's uh one thing let's take a look at the text okay so what are the platforms so number one", "5BLffuz5vSM-00282-00189168-00189848": "can you see that yeah okay number one was my blog right number two was youtube", "5BLffuz5vSM-00283-00190144-00190880": "right that was number two let's just make it nice and cute number two was youtube number three", "5BLffuz5vSM-00284-00190880-00191712": "was what was uh linkedin right linked in number four was twitter", "5BLffuz5vSM-00285-00191864-00192856": "number five was facebook number six was sound cloud number seven was pinterest", "5BLffuz5vSM-00286-00192992-00193496": "number eight was instagram which really kind of was between pinterest and soundcloud right", "5BLffuz5vSM-00287-00193496-00194288": "for his facebook and soundcloud instagram and then there's click e-course whoops number nine", "5BLffuz5vSM-00288-00194344-00195440": "is click e-course right and then we did uh and then we did number 10 we did uh snapchat", "5BLffuz5vSM-00289-00195608-00196384": "and uh so those are the 10 platforms i automate automatically so so now the thing is that i have", "5BLffuz5vSM-00290-00196384-00197056": "a tool that's called only wire let me show you can i show you that so only wire is over here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00291-00197112-00197696": "so only wire basically has a configuration where you can actually have it go to all sorts", "5BLffuz5vSM-00292-00197696-00198224": "of platforms i don't know what's slow right now maybe because the something's going on", "5BLffuz5vSM-00293-00198480-00198920": "it looks like they're slow on their side but anyways it's a it's a it's a tool that", "5BLffuz5vSM-00294-00198920-00199336": "automatically takes your blogs and shares it elsewhere right so that's kind of what i do", "5BLffuz5vSM-00295-00199336-00200712": "with this i go to that so that shares it to uh to number 11 which is it shares it to a blogger", "5BLffuz5vSM-00296-00201080-00201224": "uh it shares it to", "5BLffuz5vSM-00297-00201480-00201880": "222 blogger tumblr tumblr", "5BLffuz5vSM-00298-00202248-00203248": "then we also have i probably should have anyways so tumblr we got wordpress.org right then we have", "5BLffuz5vSM-00299-00203528-00203632": "live journal", "5BLffuz5vSM-00300-00203848-00203952": "and we have", "5BLffuz5vSM-00301-00204240-00205648": "pocket and we have whoops insta paper and then we got 17 which is written okay", "5BLffuz5vSM-00302-00205648-00206216": "so that's that's how my blog gets redirected using only wire actually let's put that here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00303-00206504-00206888": "only wire right so that's a that's a tool that i have to pay for", "5BLffuz5vSM-00304-00207223-00207384": "let's just put that there", "5BLffuz5vSM-00305-00207712-00208032": "it would be better if i had a better editor than this but anyways that gives you an idea", "5BLffuz5vSM-00306-00208032-00208640": "right so these are the these are the other ones then what happens is when i share to uh", "5BLffuz5vSM-00307-00208640-00209280": "let's see when i share to soundcloud it goes to number 18 which is itunes", "5BLffuz5vSM-00308-00209367-00209776": "i've got it going to itunes as well and then when i share to click e-course", "5BLffuz5vSM-00309-00209864-00210712": "it goes to number 19 which is um which ones are they that's uh that's uh that's uh that's", "5BLffuz5vSM-00310-00210712-00212288": "alexa alexa skills right it goes to 20 which is um a spotify it goes to 21 which is", "5BLffuz5vSM-00311-00212471-00213608": "what is what else is its stitcher goes to 22 which is google google podcasts", "5BLffuz5vSM-00312-00213816-00214952": "and it goes to 23 which is uh i heart radio and then pod casts", "5BLffuz5vSM-00313-00215040-00215871": "and then i do number 24 tick tock which isn't uh part of what i just kind of said right here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00314-00215871-00216544": "but it wasn't part of the 20 minutes but if i go back to my phone now and i go into tic tac", "5BLffuz5vSM-00315-00216608-00217440": "i just go and share a new video upload right here i take the video i just did right now", "5BLffuz5vSM-00316-00217496-00218000": "which is the one minute video and then i actually share that to here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00317-00218312-00219984": "doing live recording right now of sharing today's episode episode before tomorrow was episode", "5BLffuz5vSM-00318-00220312-00220544": "isn't that crazy right that's what i'm doing right now", "5BLffuz5vSM-00319-00220704-00221856": "put that right here i'm going to give that a duration of let's say this long it's about sharing", "5BLffuz5vSM-00320-00222056-00224367": "native assets to 24. oops 24 platforms within 20 minutes right so i can make that a color if", "5BLffuz5vSM-00321-00224367-00224904": "i want let's put that up here and i'm going to put that here and i'm going to make that there", "5BLffuz5vSM-00322-00225128-00225384": "right there right there okay and i'm going to say", "5BLffuz5vSM-00323-00225471-00226160": "but uh today's episode and i'm just gonna put that i'm just gonna copy it and this is today's episode", "5BLffuz5vSM-00324-00226160-00227088": "right i'll just say actually i should edit that i should say but today is about", "5BLffuz5vSM-00325-00227352-00228008": "okay there you go put that here saturation i'm gonna put that after the other one right there", "5BLffuz5vSM-00326-00228104-00228688": "and then i'm gonna put eight learn more learn more at cis268 right", "5BLffuz5vSM-00327-00228848-00229440": "there we go and that's going to be the learn more down here so duration put it down the", "5BLffuz5vSM-00328-00229440-00230023": "bottom whoops down here put it over here and then i'm gonna go and i'm actually gonna add some music", "5BLffuz5vSM-00329-00230096-00230632": "i don't know let's put some party music what's this how's that", "5BLffuz5vSM-00330-00230904-00231008": "sure why not", "5BLffuz5vSM-00331-00232160-00232544": "there we go let me just say next then i'm going to choose the cover", "5BLffuz5vSM-00332-00232544-00234119": "which i'm actually going to put the text i need to put that in here so that's the text", "5BLffuz5vSM-00333-00234119-00234560": "for it right so now i'm just gonna put i'm just i usually just take this text", "5BLffuz5vSM-00334-00234560-00234952": "this probably needs to be more i probably need to put more effort into all this but i", "5BLffuz5vSM-00335-00235064-00235760": "as you can see since i'm doing so much of these right i'd usually just do very generic stuff right", "5BLffuz5vSM-00336-00236023-00236616": "put a few hashtags here that kind of have to do with what what i do there we go so i'm just gonna", "5BLffuz5vSM-00337-00236616-00237328": "post that and there you go so now i'm posting my uh instagram story right no tech talk sorry tick", "5BLffuz5vSM-00338-00237328-00237784": "tock so there you go on tick tock so that's the end of the tick tock then i go to share", "5BLffuz5vSM-00339-00237784-00238352": "it on facebook i do just the but that's part of the story stuff right so i take the story", "5BLffuz5vSM-00340-00238352-00239016": "right over here which is this one share it to the story i do the second video which is this one here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00341-00239119-00239671": "i do the third video which is this one here i do the fourth video which is this one here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00342-00239744-00240208": "now i've shared my story to instagram to snapchat instagram and facebook and", "5BLffuz5vSM-00343-00240208-00240880": "then i do the same thing on linkedin i go into linkedin and i go to my stories and i share it", "5BLffuz5vSM-00344-00240880-00241488": "in there and i know i have the videos right here this one here the first video", "5BLffuz5vSM-00345-00241656-00242328": "the only thing with inst with linkedin though is i i can't actually um i can't just share them one", "5BLffuz5vSM-00346-00242328-00242712": "after the other i actually have to wait for it to upload because if i don't wait for it to upload", "5BLffuz5vSM-00347-00242776-00243352": "then the the upload might be might reorder them which is kind of you know sucky but that's", "5BLffuz5vSM-00348-00243352-00243936": "kind of what it is with the with linkedin so anyways i'll do that later but that is basically", "5BLffuz5vSM-00349-00243936-00244632": "what all this is about this is what i do these are the platforms as you can see 24 platforms", "5BLffuz5vSM-00350-00244704-00245256": "and and as we saw earlier uh where's my where's my other screen right over here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00351-00245392-00245848": "within 20 minutes i was able to post to all those platforms the only thing i didn't do", "5BLffuz5vSM-00352-00245848-00246271": "is snapchat and tech talk which i did after that maybe took me another what minute right", "5BLffuz5vSM-00353-00246271-00246919": "to create the tic tac video and then the maybe five minutes to share on the stories and all that", "5BLffuz5vSM-00354-00246919-00247696": "but yeah so that's how i share to 24 platforms within 20 minutes", "5BLffuz5vSM-00355-00247832-00248256": "now what you got to figure out is how do i get all those assets done", "5BLffuz5vSM-00356-00248256-00248864": "because that takes time but i do it just a minute we'll talk about that in another episode have", "5BLffuz5vSM-00357-00248864-00249182": "yourself a great day we'll see you in the next episode", "5BLffuz5vSM-00358-00249182-00249592": "This has been Course Income Secrets, the", "5BLffuz5vSM-00359-00249592-00250040": "entrepreneur's blueprint to generating income from the e-learning boom. Some of your friends", "5BLffuz5vSM-00360-00250040-00250453": "need to hear this message so don't forget to share! For more content like this,", "5BLffuz5vSM-00361-00250456-00250990": "Go to CourseIncomeSecrets.com and  make sure to subscribe and followus here", "5BLffuz5vSM-00362-00250990-00251696": "my name is Jean-Serge Gagnon, until next time!"}}, {"audio_id": "5BT2ciHZcSE", "text": {"5BT2ciHZcSE-00000-00000013-00000533": "Get the convenience of one place, one price, all in one hour during the Toyota National", "5BT2ciHZcSE-00001-00000533-00000685": "Clearance Event at Oxmoor Toyota.", "5BT2ciHZcSE-00002-00000685-00001241": "Shop for your new 2017 Toyota at one place, skip the hassle of negotiation with one low", "5BT2ciHZcSE-00003-00001241-00001708": "price, and one hour is all it takes to get your financed and back on the road in a new", "5BT2ciHZcSE-00004-00001708-00001808": "Toyota.", "5BT2ciHZcSE-00005-00001808-00002193": "Plus, right now, take up to $5,500 off 40 remaining new 2017 Toyota Camrys.", "5BT2ciHZcSE-00006-00002193-00002676": "It's the Toyota National Clearance Event, with one place, one price, all in one hour", "5BT2ciHZcSE-00007-00002676-00002957": "at Oxmoor Toyota and cxmoortoyota.com."}}, {"audio_id": "5C6D_mhnq8g", "text": {"5C6D_mhnq8g-00000-00000624-00001264": "Excellencies, distinguished delegates, colleagues, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you very much", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00001-00001264-00001896": "for joining us today for our side event: \"Way forward in the control and monitoring requirements", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00002-00001896-00002216": "of cannabis and cannabis-related substances:", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00003-00002216-00002576": "the INCB guidelines on the international drug control", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00004-00002576-00002896": "requirements for the cultivation manufacture", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00005-00002896-00003264": "and utilization of cannabis for medical and scientific purposes.\"", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00006-00003384-00003760": "My name is Juliana Erthal-Williamson, I am a drug control officer at the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00007-00003760-00004304": "INCB secretariat. I'm also the coordinator of the INCB Cannabis Control Initiative,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00008-00004304-00004888": "and I will be your moderator today. Thank you for your patience with our technical", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00009-00004888-00005512": "issues as you know we're all in this same situation of our first virtual CND", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00010-00005656-00006320": "so thank you, please keep your microphones muted during the presentations. You may ask", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00011-00006320-00007152": "questions in the chat but, in order to keep things a bit more organized, we are not", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00012-00007152-00007704": "allowing participants to take the floor; you're welcome to write it on the chat. Because of the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00013-00007704-00008280": "time we don't guarantee that we will answer all. I also have here the questions that were sent", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00014-00008280-00009088": "by participants that pre-registered, and we will give preference to those. And whatever we don't", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00015-00009088-00009360": "answer right now, we can follow up with responses", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00016-00009360-00009848": "to you later. So, without further due, being mindful of the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00017-00009848-00010600": "time, I will give the floor to our first speaker: Mr. Cornelis De Joncheere, President of the INCB.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00018-00010600-00011384": "Mr. President, you have the floor.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00019-00011488-00011840": "Thank you very much, Excellencies, distinguished delegates,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00020-00011904-00012232": "ladies and gentlemen, I'm pleased to welcome you", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00021-00012232-00012552": "on behalf of the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB)", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00022-00012552-00013256": "to this side-event. Last December, I had the opportunity to address the 63rd reconvened", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00023-00013256-00013360": "session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND)", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00024-00013416-00014224": "prior to the vote of the WHO ECDD recommendations on cannabis. CND voted to delete cannabis from the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00025-00014224-00014591": "Schedule IV of the 1961 Convention, but otherwise,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00026-00014591-00014863": "no changes were made, and cannabis in cannabis-related", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00027-00014863-00015536": "substances continued to be subject to the existing control measures. And consequently,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00028-00015536-00015840": "INCB will continue to work with Member States to", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00029-00015840-00016240": "ensure treaty compliance pursuant to the decisions taken.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00030-00016424-00016992": "One year before the CND, in November 2019, the board held its first informal", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00031-00016992-00017576": "consultation with major cannabis producing and manufacturing countries to discuss the issue", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00032-00017576-00018152": "of the application of the control and monitoring requirements for cannabis and cannabis-related", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00033-00018152-00018784": "substances. The Board called for this meeting as an increasing number of countries was getting", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00034-00018784-00019440": "involved in the licit cultivation of cannabis. From our discussions with those countries,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00035-00019440-00020096": "it had become clear that the requirements on the authorization on the control and on the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00036-00020096-00020456": "reporting and information requirements were not always", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00037-00020456-00020888": "well understood and implemented. Hence the need", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00038-00020888-00021200": "to bring countries together and discuss these issues,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00039-00021200-00021456": "and to try to come to a common understanding.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00040-00021600-00021984": "The participants at the consultation agreed that it was important to havea", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00041-00022064-00022184": "shared understanding", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00042-00022184-00022784": "of the control requirements, a consistent approach with regard to imports and exports,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00043-00022872-00023344": "and a realistic and uniform reporting at the various stages of the cultivation", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00044-00023400-00024032": "and manufacturing processes so we could have an effective monitoring.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00045-00024032-00024536": "In March 2020 the board launched its International Cannabis Control Initiative,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00046-00024536-00025144": "or ICCI, and we're very grateful for the financial support of the government of Japan", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00047-00025144-00025552": "that makes this possible. The initiative aims", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00048-00025552-00025888": "at providing guidance and assistance to Member States", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00049-00025888-00026480": "in the area of control, monitoring, and reporting on cannabis and cannabis-related substances.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00050-00026672-00027352": "Following the December 2020 vote by the CND on the WHO recommendations, and in", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00051-00027352-00027608": "response to requests from Member States for", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00052-00027608-00028000": "more guidance on the control and reporting on cannabis,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00053-00028112-00028648": "the Board has accelerated this process of developing the Guidelines to assist competent", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00054-00028648-00029383": "national authorities in this area. The INCB organized an expert group meeting in January", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00055-00029383-00029648": "of this year, and an informal consultation", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00056-00029648-00030008": "in February with major cannabis producing countries.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00057-00030168-00030832": "Furthermore, in March 2021, one month ago, an intergovernmental meeting with", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00058-00030832-00031056": "Member States on the guidelines took place.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00059-00031208-00031520": "This meeting was the first in a series of consultation", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00060-00031520-00031952": "with Member States, that are planned for this year by the Board.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00061-00032120-00032695": "These meetings are the platform for Member States to provide inputs and share practices, and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00062-00032695-00032888": "comment on the draft guidelines.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00063-00033080-00033472": "Representatives of the African Union the European Union,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00064-00033552-00034288": "the Organization of American States, WHO, and UNODC, are also contributing to the process,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00065-00034368-00034616": "and consultations with civil society will", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00066-00034616-00034912": "be done through questionnaires and online meetings.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00067-00035080-00035648": "The aim is to provide the international community with a final draft by December of this year, for", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00068-00035648-00035960": "the Member States, and to be considered possibly", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00069-00035960-00036336": "in the context of a resolution at the 65th session of", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00070-00036336-00037008": "the Commission (on Narcotic Drugs) in 2022. The draft guidelines aim at strengthening", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00071-00037008-00037464": "the capacity of competent national authorities and decision makers to", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00072-00037464-00037912": "(1) implement the requirements of the Conventions as they relate to", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00073-00037912-00038192": "cannabis, cannabis-related substances, and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00074-00038192-00038552": "derivedproducts, for medical and scientific purposes;", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00075-00038672-00039200": "(2) to comply with the regulatory controland monitoring requirements of the licit", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00076-00039200-00039552": "trade in narcotic drugs and psychotropicsubstances", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00077-00039552-00039856": "in national settings, and to be able", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00078-00039856-00040464": "to participate in international trade in linewith those requirements (if countries wish to do so),", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00079-00040592-00041128": "and (3) to meet the reporting obligations in an accurate and timely manner.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00080-00041352-00041784": "Shared understanding of control and reporting requirements among member", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00081-00041784-00042448": "states is required to avoid gaps in the monitoring process, to avoid discrepancies", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00082-00042448-00042992": "in reporting, and to ensure compliance with the international drug control framework;", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00083-00043096-00043584": "and the draft guidelines will provide guidance towards that shared understanding.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00084-00043760-00044080": "In the discussions over the last months, we've made a lot of progress,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00085-00044160-00044768": "but it's also clear that there are still issuesto be ironed out for instance with regard to the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00086-00044768-00045280": "status of cannabidiol (CBD), on what is \"industrialuse\",", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00087-00045424-00045728": "on the scientific questions around cannabis,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00088-00045800-00046112": "and also on the legal interpretation of therelevant", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00089-00046112-00046464": "articles of the Convention. The Board is", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00090-00046464-00047016": "committed to work with Member States and resolve these issues one by one, so we all have a shared", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00091-00047016-00047752": "understanding on what is to be reported and how. This side event provides another opportunity", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00092-00047752-00048088": "for interacting with Member States, with delegates,with", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00093-00048088-00048408": "interested parties, and to get your input into", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00094-00048408-00049016": "this process, and we look forward to a fruitful discussion this morning and to a continuation", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00095-00049016-00049352": "of this important initiative. Thank you very much", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00096-00049352-00049600": "foryour attention and for your active participation.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00097-00049968-00050656": "Thank you Mr President. I now welcome MrHideo Eno, director of counter-narcotics", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00098-00050656-00051304": "of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan. Mr Eno, you have the floor.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00099-00051816-00052272": "Thank you Ms. Erthal. Good morning, good afternoon,good evening.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00100-00052272-00052536": "Distinguished delegates and members of the panel.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00101-00052632-00053191": "This year we mark the 60thanniversary of the 1961 Single Convention", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00102-00053191-00053784": "on narcotic drugs, and also the 50th anniversary ofthe 1971 Convention.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00103-00053904-00054136": "Over time, new findings backed", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00104-00054136-00054712": "by scientific evidence supporting the medicaluse of cannabis and cannabis-related substances", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00105-00054712-00055576": "has emerged, resulting in numerous discussionsand an intense review as well as changes in its", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00106-00055664-00056088": "perceived level of risk. These significant", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00107-00056088-00056520": "changeshave led to increasing complexities in reporting", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00108-00056600-00057296": "due to the differences in views on the legal aspects and on the interpretation", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00109-00057296-00057608": "of the Conventions, especially since more", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00110-00057608-00057984": "countrieshave engaged in the production of cannabis.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00111-00058112-00058272": "Given these circumstances,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00112-00058376-00058791": "national competentauthorities seek a common understanding on", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00113-00058791-00059576": "reporting and control requirements. I would liketo express my heartfelt appreciation", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00114-00059576-00059816": "on behalf of the government of Japan", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00115-00059872-00060512": "to the INCB, for addressingthis complex endeavour through an exchange", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00116-00060512-00061400": "of ideas, experiences, and best practices withvarious stakeholders, and by offering", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00117-00061400-00061512": "its guidance", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00118-00061512-00062128": "through the INCB cannabis control initiative beingpresented here today.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00119-00062296-00062655": "We know that the circumstances", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00120-00062655-00063232": "surrounding cannabis and cannabis-related substances have changed significantly over", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00121-00063232-00064072": "the past 60 years due to enhancement in technology and progress in research and development", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00122-00064176-00064744": "at the same time, increased disparities inthe interpretation and implementation of the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00123-00064744-00065704": "Conventions is a serious concern. We believe thatthe INCB initiative, by advancing guidelines", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00124-00065704-00065968": "on the international drug control requirements", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00125-00065968-00066312": "for the cultivation, manufacture, and utilization of", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00126-00066312-00066648": "cannabis for the medical and scientific scientific", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00127-00066648-00067048": "purposes, will provide Member States with solutions", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00128-00067048-00067880": "to improve compliance of the treaties, and help Governments with their control and reporting", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00129-00067880-00068168": "obligations on cannabis and cannabis-related", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00130-00068168-00068568": "substances –that will lead to further harmonization.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00131-00068720-00069056": "It is also quite feasible to imagine that", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00132-00069120-00069440": "theseguidelines will also lead to the prevention of", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00133-00069440-00069968": "illicit cannabis-related activities such ascultivation,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00134-00069968-00070280": "manufacture, smuggling, trafficking,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00135-00070280-00070976": "diversion, and abuse, as well as promote its proper use in line with the international", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00136-00070976-00071120": "drug control Conventions.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00137-00071288-00071920": "Japan is proud to support this lofty initiative and looks forward to the final product", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00138-00072000-00072576": "which, we hope, includes a collection ofbest practices offered by the expert", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00139-00072576-00072856": "group meeting that took place earlier this", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00140-00072856-00073256": "year. You have Japan's full support. Thank you very much.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00141-00073792-00074376": "Thank you very much Mr. Eno, and I would like to repeat the message from the President,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00142-00074376-00074672": "that we're very much thankful to the government of Japan,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00143-00074728-00074968": "notonly for the financial contribution, but also for", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00144-00075032-00075608": "the trust and the confidence in the INCB andthe secretariat in this journey.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00145-00075696-00076280": "So our next speaker is Mr. Hendrik Greve, head", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00146-00076280-00076664": "of legaltrade in narcotics and psychotropic substances II,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00147-00076720-00077104": "Federal institute for drugs and medicaldevices of Germany.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00148-00077192-00078584": "Welcome Hendrik, you have the floor.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00149-00083016-00083304": "Thank you Juliana, and hello to everyone. I'll repeat the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00150-00083304-00083648": "first sentences. First of all i would like to", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00151-00083648-00084312": "thank the INCB for inviting us to contribute actively to this important side-event,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00152-00084312-00084880": "and to share our view on monitoring the medical use of cannabis and cannabis-related substances.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00153-00085440-00086184": "We begin with a brief time travel regarding the medical use of cannabis and cannabis-related", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00154-00086184-00086752": "substances in Germany. The timeline displays", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00155-00086920-00087432": "therespective milestones: in 1998, the psychoactive", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00156-00087728-00088000": "principle of cannabis dronabinol becameprescribable", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00157-00088000-00088216": "in Germany, and in 2005, the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00158-00088216-00088448": "medical cannabis and extract preparations", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00159-00088448-00088752": "becameavailable for patients as last-line therapy,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00160-00088752-00089072": "based on exceptional individual licenses, as a resultof", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00161-00089072-00089472": "the court decision. In 2011, the cannabis-based", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00162-00089472-00089784": "medicine Sativex® received marketing authorizationas", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00163-00089856-00090184": "finished medicinal product, and in 2017, the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00164-00090184-00090760": "national narcotic drugs act has been amended so that medical cannabis and extract preparations", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00165-00090760-00091080": "became prescribable and, moreover, reimbursable", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00166-00091080-00091376": "by health insurance, and became part of a monitoring", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00167-00091376-00091816": "survey. In the same year 2017, the national", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00168-00091816-00092336": "cannabis agency was established, and the first tender", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00169-00092336-00092680": "was published regarding the cultivation of", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00170-00092680-00093144": "medical-grade cannabis. Up to now, 2021, the medical demand", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00171-00093144-00093576": "for medical-grade cannabis is still covered by imports, but first harvests", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00172-00093632-00094184": "are expected for this year. Let's have a look to the international control of cannabis and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00173-00094184-00094464": "cannabis-related substances. As you may know, cannabis", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00174-00094464-00094776": "and its psychoactive principle delta-9-THC", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00175-00094776-00095216": "belong together; but unfortunately they are controlled internationally by two different", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00176-00095216-00095752": "régimes: namely the Single Convention on narcotic drugs of 1961, and the Convention", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00177-00095752-00096512": "on psychotropic substances of 1971, respectively. On the one hand, the Single Convention of 1961", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00178-00096568-00097104": "covers cannabis, its extracts and tinctures, the resin, and its preparations; but on the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00179-00097104-00097840": "other hand, the Convention on psychotropic substances of 1971 include delta-9-THC", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00180-00097896-00098392": "including dronabinol and six more isomers of THC.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00181-00098616-00098992": "Therefore, the international control covers more and more products which turned out to", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00182-00098992-00099584": "be increasingly used for medical and scientific purposes for instance: dried flowers, extracts", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00183-00099656-00099944": "as intermediates, extract preparations as prescription", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00184-00099944-00100240": "medicines, and, moreover, as finished medicinal", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00185-00100240-00100992": "product with marketing authorization. Apartfrom that, we have dronabinol from synthetic or", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00186-00100992-00101624": "semi-synthetic or even from natural sources as API(active pharmaceutical ingredient).", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00187-00101728-00102800": "And we have other THC isomers such as delta-8-THC whichbecome more and more interesting for the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00188-00102800-00103511": "international community. This situation poses challenges for the competent national authority.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00189-00103511-00104248": "The challenges belong to, among others, fulfilling our estimating assessing and reporting obligations", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00190-00104328-00104992": "in regard to: total quantities concerning cultivation and production, international", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00191-00104992-00105311": "trade, manufacture, consumption for medical", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00192-00105311-00105800": "and scientific purposes, and stocks. The most crucial", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00193-00105800-00106280": "question in this regard is how to display and account for cannabis and cannabis-related", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00194-00106280-00106792": "substances in their respective import and export authorizations, and the INCB forms?", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00195-00106935-00107511": "We can refer a cannabis-based product either to \"cannabis\" and the 1961 Convention", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00196-00107511-00108368": "via conversion factor, or refer to the delta-9-THC content under the 1971 Convention.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00197-00108472-00109040": "At present, one can find quite inconsistent practices among Member States, leading in losing", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00198-00109040-00109880": "compliance of the current guidance. To solve this issue we have to keep our overall goals", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00199-00109880-00110408": "and this context in mind at all times: this is to avoid discrepancies between importing and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00200-00110408-00110832": "exporting countries, to avoid to channel-in illicit products into the legal supply chain,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00201-00110832-00111472": "and to provide reliable consistent and transparent data to the INCB. All these efforts are essential", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00202-00111472-00111976": "to ensure availability of governmental-monitored cannabis and cannabis-related substances for", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00203-00111976-00112600": "medical and scientific purposes, while preventing their diversion and abuse. Coming to the results.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00204-00112776-00113256": "Please allow me to create some confusion at this point, in order to emphasize the complexity", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00205-00113256-00113768": "of this topic. As you can see, the displayed word cloud encompasses four different levels", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00206-00113768-00114288": "differentiated by sizes and colours. The main level is represented by the biggest size and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00207-00114288-00114640": "dark green color, displaying the international drug control", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00208-00114640-00114959": "conventions, the competent national authorities,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00209-00114959-00115383": "and the new guidelines by INCB, followed by the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00210-00115383-00115656": "white, the light green, and finally the smallest shapes.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00211-00115783-00116408": "Our expectations on the new INCB guidelines relate to harmonization of practices,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00212-00116408-00116816": "seamless transition in control and reportingcannabis versus delta-9-THC,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00213-00116872-00117080": "and to reflect on the essentials.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00214-00117368-00117864": "In this context, any double reporting of cannabis versus delta-9-THC needs to be excluded, and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00215-00117864-00118392": "details such as the use of conversion factors, along with the distinguishing between dronabinol", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00216-00118392-00119304": "of natural versus syntheticorigin, have to be clarified. Moreover, the impact", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00217-00119304-00119992": "on the INCB forms and on the respective import and export authorizations is of interest", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00218-00119992-00120304": "in this context it needs to be clarified which", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00219-00120304-00120744": "IDS (International Drug System code) has to be used", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00220-00120744-00121311": "for which kind of cannabis based product. The whole system is dependent on the international", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00221-00121311-00121959": "drug control Conventions whose schedules are continuously under revision of the WHO and the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00222-00121959-00122559": "CND, and whose regulations are continuously expanded by ECOSOC and CND resolutions.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00223-00122720-00122959": "Apart from that, compliance and active contribution", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00224-00122959-00123159": "by the competent national authorities", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00225-00123272-00123888": "is essential for the success of this process. Diverse aspects may have impact on the performance", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00226-00123888-00124535": "of the competent national authorities, such as capacity and networking, regional differences", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00227-00124535-00124880": "and national legislation, and, last but not", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00228-00124880-00125224": "least, new products which newly come on the market.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00229-00125472-00126040": "We highly appreciate and welcome the development of new guidance by the INCB in order", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00230-00126040-00126240": "to achieve satisfying solutions for", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00231-00126240-00126448": "all stakeholders for this complex", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00232-00126448-00126864": "and important topic. Thank you very much for your attention.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00233-00127448-00127720": "Thank you very much indeed Hendrik, and also,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00234-00127720-00128264": "thank you to Germany for the very active contribution in", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00235-00128264-00128656": "this process, and also thank you for presenting", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00236-00128711-00129104": "and making it more understandable, not only for us,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00237-00129104-00129383": "but also for the participants, the complexity", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00238-00129383-00129720": "of the cannabis industry in Germany. And this is why", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00239-00129720-00130416": "you're able to come to us with a lot of issues that need to be solved and discussed among", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00240-00130416-00130816": "Member States and the Board, in the process of producing better guidelines.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00241-00130816-00130911": "We appreciate that.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00242-00131064-00131520": "I welcome now Miss Stacy Harper-Avilla, our next speaker,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00243-00131520-00132112": "chief of the \"UN reporting and quota section, diversion control division, Drug Enforcement", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00244-00132112-00132488": "Administration (DEA) of the United States. Stacey, you have the floor.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00245-00133000-00133544": "Good morning, good evening, good afternoon to the panelists and guests. The United States", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00246-00133600-00133704": "thanks the INCB", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00247-00133768-00134216": "and Japan for co-hosting this event and allowing the US to serve as a panelist.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00248-00134320-00134880": "The United States welcomes the INCB's efforts to accelerate international harmonization of", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00249-00134880-00135464": "the necessary terminology for monitoring and reporting, and to facilitate the worldwide", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00250-00135464-00136128": "exchange and coordination of scientific and medical information on cannabis and cannabinoids.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00251-00136392-00136928": "As Member States allow or increase medical and scientific research utilizing", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00252-00136928-00137472": "cannabis, the import and export of cannabis and cannabinoids will naturally grow more", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00253-00137472-00137536": "prevalent", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00254-00137536-00138208": "and more complex. For example, the global research community will need to share sample", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00255-00138208-00138264": "materials", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00256-00138264-00138976": "across international lines, to replicate, verify, and build upon research results. As", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00257-00138976-00139080": "this research leads", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00258-00139080-00139680": "to the development of new medicines, cannabinoids will be increasingly available on the legitimate", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00259-00139680-00140376": "market, and complex international supply chains may develop that could involve cultivation in", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00260-00140376-00140928": "one country, refinement and production in another, and consumption in yet another.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00261-00141008-00141120": "In these cases,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00262-00141120-00141760": "it is critical that the importing and exporting countries involved share a common understanding", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00263-00141760-00142064": "of terms, for data collection and reporting purposes.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00264-00142240-00142544": "The three drug control conventions envision", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00265-00142544-00143144": "the creation of domestic regulatory systems that allow for the industrial medical and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00266-00143144-00143680": "scientific use of drugs such as cannabis, while effectively preventing their diversion.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00267-00143856-00144264": "However, the conventions left many of the details of these regulatory systems", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00268-00144264-00144992": "up to the discretion of the Member States. In2018, spurred by growing public interest in", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00269-00144992-00145608": "the industrial uses of the Cannabis plant, the US enacted the Agricultural Improvement act,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00270-00145680-00145904": "to promote the cultivation and use of the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00271-00145904-00146400": "Cannabis plant for industrial and agricultural purposes.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00272-00146512-00147104": "This legislation provided a clear delineation between cannabis for industrial or agricultural", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00273-00147104-00147744": "purposes, and cannabis that was at risk for diversion and illicit use, by setting a limit of", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00274-00147744-00148272": "0.3 percent delta-9-THC or less in the plant", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00275-00148328-00148584": "and final products produced from the plant material.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00276-00148760-00149512": "Cannabis with 0.3 percent delta-9-THC or less was classified in this legislation as \"hemp\"", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00277-00149592-00149944": "to provide a clear distinction to both the industry and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00278-00149944-00150376": "the interested public. As a result of this legislation,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00279-00150376-00150840": "hemp and hemp derivatives containing 0.3 delta-9-THC", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00280-00150840-00151112": "or less are not controlled under the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00281-00151112-00151856": "US Controlled Substances act. In addition to clearly defining what qualifies as cultivation", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00282-00151856-00152464": "for industrial purposes, this delineation between hemp and cannabis allows for increased", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00283-00152464-00152568": "scientific", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00284-00152568-00153104": "and medical research of hemp derivatives in particular the substance cannabidiol", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00285-00153104-00154048": "or CBD. In the US, CBD extracted from hemp and containing less than 0.3 percent delta-9-THC", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00286-00154152-00154176": "is", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00287-00154176-00154768": "classified as a hemp derivative, and therefore not a controlled substance. The control status", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00288-00154768-00154840": "of CBD", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00289-00154840-00155520": "derived from hemp is based on domestic scientific research and is aligned with the recent WHO", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00290-00155520-00156104": "recommendation that preparations considered to be pure CBD should not be under international", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00291-00156104-00156152": "control.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00292-00156384-00157056": "In addition to its industrial uses, cannabis and cannabis derive substances such as CBD", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00293-00157128-00157536": "have been under scientific review to develop treatment medications.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00294-00157632-00158128": "This research is promising, and we believe that Member States should take action to increase", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00295-00158128-00158648": "access to cannabis for research purposes in line with their treaty obligations.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00296-00158776-00159552": "For example, in 2018, Epidiolex® was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, for", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00297-00159552-00159632": "the treatment", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00298-00159632-00160480": "of two specific forms of severe childhood seizures. Epidiolex®, developed in the UK,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00299-00160560-00161144": "is a drug product containing CBD which was originally produced from cannabis, and contains", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00300-00161144-00161864": "extremely low levels of delta-9-THC. As the country that participated in global clinical", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00301-00161864-00161928": "trials during", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00302-00161928-00162768": "the development of this drug prior to its 2018 domestic approval, the US held discussions", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00303-00162768-00162792": "over", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00304-00162792-00163448": "several years with both the UK and the INCB, to identify how the controlled substances", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00305-00163448-00163496": "contained", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00306-00163496-00164104": "in the drug product should be considered for import-export permits, and annual reporting", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00307-00164104-00164736": "purposes, and how the import of dosage forms to support clinical trials should be reported.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00308-00164920-00165448": "This drug product raises the question of whether the controlled substance in question,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00309-00165448-00166240": "which was a cannabis extract (cannabidiol or delta-9-THC due to its residual trace", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00310-00166240-00167024": "amounts) should be reported. Further, would reporting it as both cannabis extract and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00311-00167024-00167136": "delta-9-THC", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00312-00167240-00167800": "inflate the actual quantities imported and/or utilized for scientific and medical purposes?", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00313-00167896-00168480": "For the US, domestically, this drug product is considered to be pure CBD rather than a", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00314-00168480-00168536": "cannabis", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00315-00168536-00169248": "extract. The US believes it is important for international trade, global research efforts,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00316-00169304-00169880": "and data collection and reporting purposes, to clarify when a drug product derived from", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00317-00169880-00170600": "cannabis ceases to be considered cannabis extract and becomes classified only as CBD", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00318-00170600-00170840": "or THC. The US", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00319-00170840-00171368": "believes that this is one of the most important issues which the cannabis guidelines can clarify,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00320-00171448-00172000": "not only for this approved drug product, but for other products still in the research and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00321-00172000-00172608": "development phases in various countries. The US looks forward to continued work with our", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00322-00172608-00173176": "international colleagues to further refine the terms, and frame the reporting parameters", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00323-00173176-00173208": "within", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00324-00173208-00173824": "the guidelines, to facilitate international trade for industrial, medical and scientific", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00325-00173824-00174000": "purposes, and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00326-00174000-00174480": "INCB reporting of the relevant data. Thank you for your time this morning.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00327-00174992-00175808": "Thank you very much Stacy, especially for raising the issues –very relevant issues–", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00328-00175808-00175832": "of", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00329-00175832-00176536": "international chains of production and supply and distribution, legislative issues, thresholds", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00330-00176536-00176616": "for THC,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00331-00176672-00177240": "and you've touched upon a very important issue: when is exactly the point when a product ceases", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00332-00177240-00177904": "to be an extract of cannabis and can be considered for issues of control and reporting as CBD", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00333-00177904-00177912": "and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00334-00177912-00178504": "THC; and we look forward to further discussing that with Member States and the Board and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00335-00178504-00178520": "the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00336-00178520-00179112": "experts. And, speaking of experts, before I give the floor to Justice; thank you again", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00337-00179112-00179376": "for the United States for all the support", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00338-00179376-00179656": "to this initiative, as well and the encouragements.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00339-00179784-00180512": "I will now give the floor to our expert, Mr. Justice Tettey, chief of the laboratory and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00340-00180512-00180576": "scientific", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00341-00180576-00181488": "section of UNODC, who we are so thankful to, as he's been supporting us, being present", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00342-00181488-00182024": "and active in all our consultations meetings, experts meetings, intergovernmental meetings.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00343-00182024-00182088": "So,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00344-00182088-00182416": "thank you so much Justice, welcome here today, and you have the floor.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00345-00182536-00183096": "Thank you Julianna let me first say it's been a pleasure collaborating with the INCB on", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00346-00183096-00183400": "this initiative. And UNODC would like to", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00347-00183400-00183896": "thank you for allowing us to contribute to the discussions on the development of these", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00348-00183896-00183960": "guidelines.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00349-00184072-00184440": "I would like to focus on the analytical challenges we face as we move forward.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00350-00184616-00185192": "Cannabis products are the most widely trafficked drugs worldwide with practically every country", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00351-00185192-00185888": "affected. Yet, very few countries are prepared for the analytical challenges it brings, both", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00352-00185888-00185912": "from a", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00353-00185912-00186544": "regulatory and a law enforcement angle. Hendrik, who spoke before me, mentioned the range of", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00354-00186544-00186592": "products", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00355-00186592-00187336": "we find on the market. And this ranges from products such as CBD, with trace-amounts of", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00356-00187336-00187392": "THC,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00357-00187536-00188112": "through herbal cannabis, to the more potent cannabis resin. From the analytical point", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00358-00188112-00188272": "of view, how low", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00359-00188352-00188984": "should our methods go or how low should itgo. Hendrik also mentioned an important point:", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00360-00189040-00189536": "the prominence of the cannabinoid delta-8-THC on cannabis markets.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00361-00189664-00190168": "Let's not forget this is a minor component in herbal cannabis, which we normally don't", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00362-00190168-00190824": "worry about. But it can be easily made from cannabidiol. Now the question for the analysts:", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00363-00190888-00191416": "can we separate these various components of cannabis, and be able to report on them?", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00364-00191592-00192136": "Quite often we assume that analytical data between laboratories", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00365-00192136-00192544": "are comparable. This will be ideal for a wide", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00366-00192544-00192944": "range of purposes, including: monitoring cultivation,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00367-00193072-00193584": "providing estimates to regulatory authorities, and even understanding the cannabis markets", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00368-00193584-00193640": "in general.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00369-00193824-00194536": "But in real life, legislation in a number of countries does not require detailed analysis", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00370-00194536-00194552": "of", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00371-00194552-00195176": "the THC content of different products. The forensic question under a lot of legislations", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00372-00195264-00195360": "is often", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00373-00195360-00195824": "whether cannabis is present or not, never how much is present.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00374-00196120-00196736": "Where such analysis are carried out, they could involve the use of a variety of approaches", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00375-00196736-00196744": "and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00376-00196744-00197264": "experimental designs, and this can reduce the comparability of results and also", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00377-00197264-00197776": "impact on useful procedures, like providing estimates to INCB.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00378-00197992-00198536": "On the technological side, the analysis of cannabis products is further complicated by", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00379-00198536-00198616": "the relatively", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00380-00198616-00199384": "restricted availability of pure, or well-defined reference materials of THC and other cannabinoids.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00381-00199656-00200040": "The experience from the UNODC's international collaborative exercises,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00382-00200600-00200864": "has shown that disparities", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00383-00200864-00200968": "in THC content", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00384-00201048-00201616": "by different laboratories for the same sample of cannabis could be significant.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00385-00201768-00202392": "It brings up questions: how can labs provide comparable analytical data to support the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00386-00202392-00203112": "INCB system of estimates. How can we reliably differentiate between the different components,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00387-00203112-00203672": "including the isomers, delta-8, and delta-9? With the formula becoming so relevant.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00388-00203856-00204400": "How can analytical science support the choice of even the cultivars we use", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00389-00204400-00205032": "in the cultivation of cannabis for industrial purposes and for the production of CBD, whilst", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00390-00205032-00205176": "reducing the risk of diversion", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00391-00205240-00205560": "of the THC-containing parts in these plants?", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00392-00205767-00206008": "There are challenges, and with all these challenges", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00393-00206096-00206248": "ahead of us, we really welcome", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00394-00206248-00206904": "the efforts of INCB to get these guidelines in place. From UNODC, we've been supporting", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00395-00207008-00207648": "over 300 laboratories in 85 countries worldwide to be able to analyze cannabis and related", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00396-00207648-00207704": "substances", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00397-00207776-00208112": "accurately, and be able to produce comparable data.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00398-00208288-00208792": "As we go along, UNODC is ready to make available to INCB", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00399-00208967-00209567": "resources, such as our manuals on the analysis of cannabis and cannabis products", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00400-00209623-00210256": "[link in description]. Our reference standards", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00401-00210256-00211080": "collection will also support countries to be able to analyze products accurately, and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00402-00211080-00211136": "to be able to", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00403-00211136-00211664": "differentiate between the different components of cannabis. And finally, our proficiency", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00404-00211664-00211688": "test", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00405-00211760-00212528": "for national laboratories will be made available to anyone who wants to join this program to", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00406-00212528-00212544": "make", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00407-00212544-00213048": "sure that they're able to generate data which would once again be comparable between countries.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00408-00213248-00213736": "We look forward to supporting the elaboration of these guidelines, and also to ensure that", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00409-00213736-00214392": "analytical science is at the core of regulatory and law enforcement efforts. I thank you.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00410-00214936-00215632": "Thank you very much indeed Justice, and also for raising these issues that we we are confident", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00411-00215632-00216096": "that you will continue to work on, to answer all of these questions that you've raised", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00412-00216184-00216600": "together with Member States, and we're happy also to contribute as much as we can.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00413-00216776-00217280": "With that we've come to the end of our list of speakers, and I will", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00414-00217488-00218440": "read a few of the questions. Some of them were pulled together, and I will count on", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00415-00218440-00218888": "the Chief of the narcotics control and estimates section,Stefano Berterame,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00416-00219000-00219328": "who will give us a few clarifications", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00417-00219328-00219896": "regarding the questions that were sent if we have enough time we will also go to questions", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00418-00219896-00219984": "in the chat.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00419-00220064-00220567": "Stefano, one of the first issues that were raised by participants who pre-registered", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00420-00220664-00221223": "was the terminology. So, could you please tell us why, in the title of the guidelines, we use", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00421-00221223-00221848": "the term \"utilization\" instead of \"use\" or \"use of,\" and where it is defined?", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00422-00222232-00222767": "Thank you Julian and thanks to the speakers, it was very interesting to hear from the experts", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00423-00222767-00223423": "from the competent national authorities as well as from the UNODC. As you can see, the matter is", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00424-00223423-00223967": "very complex, and we are in an effort to try to work", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00425-00223967-00224184": "with Member States to get some clarification.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00426-00224312-00224871": "Regarding the question: why in the draft guidelines, the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00427-00224871-00225471": "term we use was \"utilization\" and not \"use\" or \"use of.\" We are trying to refer as much as", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00428-00225471-00226008": "possible to the terminology that is used in the Conventions and, in the Conventions", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00429-00226080-00226736": "the utilization is referring to the use of a drug to manufacture another drug. So if you're", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00430-00226736-00227144": "talking cannabis to extract cannabinoids, then that", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00431-00227144-00227400": "would be \"utilization\" from the point of view", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00432-00227464-00228256": "of the Convention. Also, when the Conventions describe the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00433-00228367-00229104": "therapeutic use of medical scientific use they talk about \"consumption\" and consumption", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00434-00229104-00230136": "is considered when a drug is distributed to the retails (being it pharmacies or hospitals)", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00435-00230136-00230504": "and then it's considered to be consumed at that point. So these are the two", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00436-00230688-00231232": "terms that we prefer to use making reference to what is in the Conventions. Thanks.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00437-00231680-00231823": "Thank you Stefano.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00438-00231823-00232296": "Also, about the source that are being used to produce the guidelines:", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00439-00232296-00232752": "What is the process or processes that INCB has developed to consult", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00440-00232752-00233223": "and consider scientific literature and other relevant pieces of evidence?", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00441-00233560-00233832": "Thank you. So, first of all, I think we need", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00442-00233832-00234423": "to clarify that the effort of the INCB is in support", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00443-00234423-00235136": "of the decision of Member States regarding scheduling, and, as you know, the determination", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00444-00235136-00235488": "for the scheduling is based on scientific analysis by", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00445-00235488-00235736": "the (WHO) Expert Committee on Drug Dependence, so,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00446-00235736-00236200": "for the INCB, the process of the review of scientific", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00447-00236200-00236400": "literature or relevant piece of", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00448-00236400-00237016": "evidence is only related to the development or clarification of the control mechanism.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00449-00237016-00237776": "So, we are not doing a reassessment of the medical use of cannabis,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00450-00237776-00238184": "because that is being done already by WHO, and has been already considered by Member States.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00451-00238256-00238544": "However, in this process, we had been able to", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00452-00238544-00238936": "carry out a review of literature. And also, we have", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00453-00238936-00239328": "engaged a consultant who conducted an extensive review", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00454-00239328-00239616": "of literature, engaged with experts in the field", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00455-00239680-00240440": "of the manufacturing and utilization of cannabis and cannabis-related substances. As was mentioned", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00456-00240440-00240984": "also by the President in his opening, we had an Expert Group Meeting that took place in", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00457-00241096-00241360": "January 2021", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00458-00241464-00242192": "and we continue to work with the Member States through an intergovernmental consultations,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00459-00242192-00242792": "also for the scientific community and NGOs and, as it was mentioned also by the President,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00460-00242792-00243408": "there is foreseen the possibility to consult with civil society to see what is their point", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00461-00243408-00243967": "of view on on this particular aspect. I hope this answered the question that was submitted.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00462-00244128-00244800": "Thank you Stefano. Also to reinforce that we welcome submissions of papers some of you have", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00463-00244800-00245552": "already submitted papers, documents, any any kind of supporting material that you may", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00464-00245552-00246088": "find relevant, we're welcome to receive them and take them into consideration. We like to think", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00465-00246088-00246392": "of these consultations, that the President mentioned,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00466-00246392-00246688": "as a platform that the INCB has launched for", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00467-00246784-00247440": "broad consultations in in the context of the production of these guidelines, so, thank you", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00468-00247440-00247656": "in advance for your contributions, and thank you", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00469-00247656-00248040": "for the ones who have already sent us material.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00470-00248264-00248792": "Stefano, the next question is about control of cannabidiol (CBD):", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00471-00248896-00249552": "Is CBD extracted from Cannabis plants controlled internationally under the 1961 drug Convention,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00472-00249608-00250064": "and if so, how should Member States report on the quantity of CBD?", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00473-00250328-00250904": "Thank you Juliana. I think this is something that was already discussed by some of", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00474-00250904-00251248": "the presenters and I think in particular the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00475-00251248-00251592": "representative of the United States, Stacy Harper-Avilla", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00476-00251656-00252600": "pointed out that there is the need to clarify when an extract ends, and when it becomes", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00477-00252696-00253400": "pure CBD, from the legal point of view. So, that kind of border needs to be considered because,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00478-00253400-00254119": "as it's been one of the major issue of concern is that cannabidiol is not explicitly scheduled", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00479-00254119-00254519": "as a substance in the Convention. However, it", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00480-00254519-00254776": "is extracted from the Cannabis plant, and, therefore,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00481-00254776-00255048": "could be considered controlled under the 1961", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00482-00255048-00255432": "Convention as an extract of cannabis. As you all know,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00483-00255504-00256023": "there was a discussion in the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, based on the recommendation", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00484-00256023-00256112": "of WHO,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00485-00256176-00256688": "and, some of the recommendations of WHO would have tried to address this", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00486-00256688-00257384": "problem, but unfortunately, they were not accepted (or adopted) by Member States.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00487-00257519-00257928": "Anyway, from the point of view of the Board, we think the Member States are mandated to", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00488-00257928-00258536": "report on the production, utilization and trade, stocks, and consumption of extracts of cannabis", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00489-00258600-00259200": "containing CBD. However, when considering CBD as a pure substance, it would be possible to", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00490-00259200-00259712": "understand it as a non-scheduled substance, as CBD is not listed in any schedule.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00491-00259871-00260480": "This is something that we think needs to be discussed further with Member States, and the INCB", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00492-00260480-00261112": "is making every effort to facilitate the discussion in the intergovernmental meetings", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00493-00261112-00261776": "on the the Guidelines. And we hope that, in the context of the debate, it would be possible to", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00494-00261840-00262776": "identify a common ground on reporting. The issue, I think, that remains, is that some", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00495-00262776-00263512": "of the preparations of CBD continue to contain traces of THC and, therefore, it is important for", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00496-00263680-00263936": "countries to be aware of what is the use", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00497-00263936-00264264": "of this CBD, and one of the concerns that we have is:", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00498-00264264-00265024": "If you have a very big production of CBD extracts, then it would be possible through a manufacturing", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00499-00265024-00265880": "process to extract and separate the CBD from the THC, and there may be the possibility to have a", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00500-00265936-00266240": "big amount of THC being produced, that needs", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00501-00266240-00266560": "to be reported, nevertheless. So this is one of the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00502-00266560-00267312": "concerns that we have, and also i think Justice Tettey from UNODC mentioned earlier the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00503-00267312-00267720": "possibility of conversion from CBD to delta-8-THC, which", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00504-00267720-00267944": "is also an issue that needs to be addressed.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00505-00267944-00268408": "So, this is something that, we think, together with Member States and experts, we will try to", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00506-00268464-00269320": "see what is possible to conclude as a common understanding on reporting and control.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00507-00269648-00270408": "Thank you Stefano. I have another question here that also brings together some of the", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00508-00270408-00270888": "questions from the chat about hemp. So, maybe you could give a broaderer answer.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00509-00271128-00271672": "Are there any initiative actions for the regulations towards the cannabis/hemp-derived", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00510-00271920-00272168": "edibles, and consumer products", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00511-00272168-00272528": "such as dietary supplements, skin care products, etc.?", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00512-00272776-00273608": "Thank you Juliana. I think this brings also back some of the issue related to CBD used as", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00513-00273608-00273944": "cannabis derivatives for certain preparations.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00514-00274032-00274400": "First of all, in the Convention, there is no mention", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00515-00274400-00274704": "of \"hemp\" per se, but only of the \"cannabis plant\"", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00516-00274704-00274992": "meaning \"any plant of the genus cannabis.\" So, this", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00517-00274992-00275360": "is what is in the Conventions from the legal", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00518-00275360-00275696": "point of view so the as you know the Convention requires", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00519-00275696-00276256": "that controlled substances, including cannabis and cannabis-related substances (and I underline", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00520-00276256-00276960": "controlled substances) be used exclusively for medical and scientific purposes. So the use of", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00521-00276960-00277144": "cannabis-related substances for", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00522-00277208-00277624": "purposes other than those ones [medical and scientific] is not in line with the Convention.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00523-00277624-00278624": "However, as to the question that references products or dietary supplements that contain CBD:", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00524-00278688-00279120": "If CBD is not considered to be controlled, then there would be something", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00525-00279120-00279704": "that would need to be left to the national authorities, to determine the level of control", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00526-00279704-00280576": "that needs to be applied to these preparations or products. If the preparations contain", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00527-00280648-00281128": "substances that are under control, from the point of view of the international Convention,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00528-00281128-00281760": "national authorities needs to control them and they need to be prescribed with proper medical", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00529-00281760-00282576": "prescription for related health conditions. So if, let's say THC for example, that is clearly", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00530-00282576-00282904": "controlled, is used in a preparation: that", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00531-00282904-00283216": "needs to be used for medical and scientific purposes,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00532-00283376-00284048": "not for skin care product; this is what the Convention requires. If it was instead", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00533-00284048-00284632": "let's say a skincare product or dietary supplement containing CBD, that would not", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00534-00284744-00285448": "seem to fall into the control of the international Conventions. However, there", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00535-00285448-00286112": "are still products that may have an impact on the health of those who are taking them, and", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00536-00286112-00286624": "we would expect that the national authorities, medical authorities, would", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00537-00286624-00287368": "put in place regulations on the assumption or the administration of these substances.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00538-00287672-00288032": "Thank you very much Stefano, thank you very much to all who sent questions.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00539-00288088-00288584": "Unfortunately, we have reached the time of our side event.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00540-00288656-00288912": "It's been in my opinion incredibly successful.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00541-00288912-00289936": "We have had at one point 220 attendees. Now we have 218. This was quite stable, so thank you", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00542-00289936-00290760": "very much for this great interest that our side event generated. Thank you to all speakers,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00543-00290760-00291136": "thank you very much to our co-sponsors: Japan,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00544-00291136-00291536": "the European Union, Finland, Germany, and Thailand.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00545-00291536-00292120": "Thank you United States for providing Stacey as a speaker, we very much appreciate that.", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00546-00292192-00292584": "Thank you Mr President, thank you to the INCB, thanks", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00547-00292584-00293160": "to everybody and have a great day, evening, afternoon,", "5C6D_mhnq8g-00548-00293160-00293704": "wherever you are. Thank you very much, and hope to see you again in one of our consultations."}}, {"audio_id": "5CX8Zl1l-yk", "text": {"5CX8Zl1l-yk-00000-00000000-00000245": "ANNA RAFFERTY: Afraid I would tell you the other thing that", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00001-00000245-00000436": "happened with that other strand of AI.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00002-00000436-00000816": "People also figured out some more math about neural networks.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00003-00000816-00001558": "They figured out, Hey, if we just have the circles there,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00004-00001558-00001746": "they stand for neurons.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00005-00001746-00002016": "And they figured out if you don't have that intermediate layer,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00006-00002016-00002178": "there are a lot of things you can't do.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00007-00002178-00002471": "So your brain, turns out, isn't just one neuron talks to another,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00008-00002471-00002631": "gives an output.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00009-00002631-00002773": "There are layers of these things.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00010-00002773-00002982": "And once you add in that extra layer, you", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00011-00002982-00003183": "can actually do some pretty amazing things.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00012-00003183-00003511": "So one thing the post office wants-- it has, as well,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00013-00003511-00003807": "but it wanted back before it had it-- was a way", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00014-00003807-00003958": "to automatically read zip codes.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00015-00003958-00004339": "So lots of zip codes on letters, you want to sort things quickly.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00016-00004339-00004514": "So it needs an automatic way to read it.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00017-00004514-00004892": "So this is a program that has a neural net.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00018-00004892-00005197": "So it's basically a neural networking, has lots of little layers.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00019-00005197-00005608": "The different columns represent different layers.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00020-00005608-00005780": "And it takes an input image like that.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00021-00005780-00005987": "And you see the five isn't exactly perfect.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00022-00005987-00006135": "It's got some spaces.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00023-00006135-00006842": "But it's still able to recognize answer 145.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00024-00006842-00007173": "Actually, neural nets are coming back into vogue in some ways in AI now.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00025-00007173-00007834": "But I would say these ideas of inserting more numeric probabilities", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00026-00007834-00008314": "and mathematics into AI really helped it to surmount some of the problems", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00027-00008314-00008685": "with just having a small world where it looked like things would be really", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00028-00008685-00009104": "good, but they didn't scale up well.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00029-00009104-00009364": "Now you know a little bit of history of AI.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00030-00009364-00009655": "Let's take a look at what we might want AI to do.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00031-00009655-00009920": "So there are lots of things you might want AI to do.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00032-00009920-00010109": "This little list from Wikipedia.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00033-00010109-00010284": "So one thing is planning.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00034-00010284-00010559": "So you want to figure out, if I have a goal,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00035-00010559-00010747": "how do I actually accomplish that goal?", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00036-00010747-00010972": "I need to figure out what sequence of actions to take.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00037-00010972-00011297": "I had to figure out how to get from my last class to here in Evans.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00038-00011297-00011570": "And even though I knew where both of them were,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00039-00011570-00011819": "I couldn't just take a straight line.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00040-00011819-00011962": "I had to find the doors.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00041-00011962-00012177": "There's some planning involved.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00042-00012177-00012370": "Learning-- and in particular machine learning.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00043-00012370-00012548": "So I think that's one of the most exciting parts, and we'll talk about it", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00044-00012548-00012696": "in a minute.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00045-00012696-00012949": "But one of the other big things that helps with AI", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00046-00012949-00013129": "is if you don't have to program everything.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00047-00013129-00013500": "It's really nice if you can just make the system figure out what to do.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00048-00013500-00013735": "So we'll talk a little bit about some ways to do that.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00049-00013735-00013956": "Natural language processing-- understanding", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00050-00013956-00014242": "language and generating language.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00051-00014242-00014422": "Things surrounding motion and manipulation.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00052-00014422-00014587": "So at first you think, Motion?", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00053-00014587-00014784": "That's not that hard.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00054-00014784-00014982": "Then you start things like programming a robot,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00055-00014982-00015488": "and it's bad if when it's trying to reach behind it stabs itself.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00056-00015488-00015651": "That's a problem.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00057-00015651-00016061": "So that requires both planning and thinking about how to move things.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00058-00016061-00016553": "Perception-- so if I get a array of pixels, I need to interpret that.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00059-00016553-00016733": "So I recognize there are a bunch of people.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00060-00016733-00016854": "There are seats.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00061-00016854-00017166": "But how does a computer do that?", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00062-00017166-00017362": "And then creativity and general intelligence", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00063-00017362-00017681": "are things one might want to do that I'm not going to talk about.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00064-00017681-00018044": "But you can think about them.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00065-00018044-00018306": "So as I'm touring these AI applications, you", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00066-00018306-00018747": "might think about how you would evaluate how well a machine performed at a task.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00067-00018747-00019235": "So does it need to be perfect, or is it good enough if it's pretty good?", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00068-00019235-00019526": "So with the zip codes, you really want to have very high accuracy,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00069-00019526-00019903": "because there's tons and tons of mail being delivered each day.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00070-00019903-00020199": "If even a small percentage of that you're sorting into the wrong place,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00071-00020199-00020410": "you're going to have lots of delays.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00072-00020410-00020920": "Might be that if I just want the system to try to detect a few events,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00073-00020920-00021110": "and I can then go through them by hand, maybe", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00074-00021110-00021393": "it's not so important that it be totally accurate.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00075-00021393-00021589": "And then you could also be thinking about where", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00076-00021589-00021835": "you would draw the line between intelligent and non-intelligent", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00077-00021835-00021885": "behavior.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00078-00021885-00022146": "And we're going to come back to that question at the end.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00079-00022146-00022494": "So as I said, I adapted these slides from Nan Garcia.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00080-00022494-00022806": "And I'm told that you may have seen this slide before.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00081-00022806-00022995": "So this is about planning.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00082-00022995-00023279": "So I mentioned one of the simplest applications of planning", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00083-00023279-00023582": "is the idea of getting from here to there.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00084-00023582-00023725": "You see some video games a lot.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00085-00023725-00024083": "You have a non-player character the computer controls.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00086-00024083-00024305": "And if it doesn't have a very smart planner,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00087-00024305-00024525": "it might, for instance, get stuck behind a wall.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00088-00024525-00025063": "Let's say I'm trying to go here, and the video game character", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00089-00025063-00025458": "says-- basically the algorithm might be, always go somewhere", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00090-00025458-00025596": "where you get closer to the goal.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00091-00025596-00025704": "And that sounds sort of reasonable.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00092-00025704-00025901": "I always try to get closer to where I'm going.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00093-00025901-00026211": "But if I've got a corner here, I could get stuck here.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00094-00026211-00026531": "Anywhere I go I'm going to get farther.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00095-00026531-00026697": "How do I get there?", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00096-00026697-00027120": "So you might call that a low range of intelligence--", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00097-00027120-00027279": "sort of simple heuristics.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00098-00027279-00027413": "You can do better than that.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00099-00027413-00027754": "So there are algorithms that both take into account heuristic information,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00100-00027754-00028158": "so they are guided by the idea that getting closer is better,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00101-00028158-00028301": "but they look for a whole path.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00102-00028301-00028631": "So they look for actually being able to get to the goal", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00103-00028631-00028923": "versus just in the next step getting closer.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00104-00028923-00029036": "And that works pretty well.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00105-00029036-00029674": "You've probably still seen some bad AIs in games, but they are getting better.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00106-00029674-00030002": "And when done well, they actually can work quite well.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00107-00030002-00030210": "There's also an idea of planning in terms", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00108-00030210-00030576": "of not just getting from here to there, but planning out,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00109-00030576-00030831": "say, how hard should this game be?", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00110-00030831-00031330": "You want a game that's not too hard but not too easy.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00111-00031330-00031737": "So you don't want something that a novice player starts, can never", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00112-00031737-00031942": "get anywhere, they die immediately.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00113-00031942-00032110": "That's no fun for anyone.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00114-00032110-00032392": "You also don't want an expert player comes in,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00115-00032392-00032670": "and they just beat it immediately.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00116-00032670-00032845": "As I was preparing for this lecture, I was", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00117-00032845-00033430": "reading about a tennis playing AI where basically it", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00118-00033430-00033815": "watches how you play and figures out how good you are and then", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00119-00033815-00034141": "tries to plan out actions that will be of an optimal level of difficulty.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00120-00034141-00034486": "Where it thinks sometimes you'll succeed in hitting the ball back.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00121-00034486-00034606": "Sometimes you'll fail.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00122-00034606-00034838": "And that's a much more difficult problem,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00123-00034838-00035097": "I would say, than just getting from here to there.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00124-00035097-00035450": "But it is a cool problem to work on.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00125-00035450-00035968": "So I'm not actually going to talk much about games in this lecture,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00126-00035968-00036171": "but they are a really neat area of research.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00127-00036171-00036550": "So machine learning sounds like sort of a nebulous term.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00128-00036550-00036996": "You can basically define it as a program learns if after an experience", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00129-00036996-00037156": "it performs better.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00130-00037156-00037215": "Pretty simple.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00131-00037215-00037649": "So if after something happens, it does better at some task,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00132-00037649-00038072": "it changes the way it responds, then we can say has learned in some way.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00133-00038072-00038586": "So one easy application you probably all use every day is a spam filter.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00134-00038586-00039018": "Even if you don't know use it, university does some of it.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00135-00039018-00039280": "And with spam filtering, the computer was trained.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00136-00039280-00039799": "It saw lots of instances of e-mails that are spam and lots of instances", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00137-00039799-00039941": "of emails that aren't spam.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00138-00039941-00040178": "And it had to learn to make the right generalizations.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00139-00040178-00040559": "So it couldn't learn these are the only things in the world that are spam.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00140-00040559-00040674": "That wouldn't be useful.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00141-00040674-00040904": "What you want is it for it to perform better.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00142-00040904-00041238": "Now when it sees a new, novel email it's never seen before,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00143-00041238-00041502": "you want to then perform better.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00144-00041502-00041832": "And so that way of training a machine learning algorithm where", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00145-00041832-00042135": "you give it these are examples of this.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00146-00042135-00042286": "These are examples of this.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00147-00042286-00042391": "Figure it out.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00148-00042391-00042553": "That's called supervised learning.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00149-00042553-00042728": "And it basically produces a classifier.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00150-00042728-00042920": "There are lots of different instances of this.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00151-00042920-00043413": "So you might have seen, for instance, some object recognition things.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00152-00043413-00043939": "So computer learns to pick out of images these are where all the people are.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00153-00043939-00044110": "So I think some people's cameras now even", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00154-00044110-00044567": "have this where it'll put a little box around the face.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00155-00044567-00044755": "And that's kind of cool.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00156-00044755-00045172": "So that's an example of where somebody said, Here are all the faces,", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00157-00045172-00045544": "and it figures out what are the right features for that.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00158-00045544-00045767": "An example that I'm interested in-- and if you've", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00159-00045767-00046314": "seen Khan Academy, which basically teaches people things online.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00160-00046314-00046436": "They watch videos.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00161-00046436-00046527": "Pretty neat place.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00162-00046527-00046767": "And they do different exercises.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00163-00046767-00046992": "And for a while they had said, Well, the way", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00164-00046992-00047242": "we figure out whether people know this or they don't know it", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00165-00047242-00047605": "is if they get 10 in a row right, then we say that they're done.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00166-00047605-00047739": "They've learned this topic.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00167-00047739-00047909": "Let's move on.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00168-00047909-00048184": "But that's really frustrating if, say, you get nine in a row right", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00169-00048184-00048389": "and then you make a typo.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00170-00048389-00048464": "No one wants that.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00171-00048464-00048605": "So they wanted to do a better way.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00172-00048605-00048856": "And so they realize, We have lots of data.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00173-00048856-00049152": "We have all these students doing practice problems, say some arithmetic", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00174-00049152-00049219": "problems.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00175-00049219-00049649": "Let's just tell the computer which of these series", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00176-00049649-00049970": "the student got the next problem right, when they got the next problem wrong.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00177-00049970-00050216": "And so it's again an instance of supervised learning.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00178-00050216-00050455": "And it's now out there on the web being used.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00179-00050455-00050911": "So machine learning sounds like that's sort of complex.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00180-00050911-00051020": "Maybe it doesn't get used.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00181-00051020-00051254": "Maybe if it works, it's not actually AI.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00182-00051254-00051472": "But these things get used all the time.", "5CX8Zl1l-yk-00183-00051472-00051934": "So just because something works doesn't mean it's not AI."}}, {"audio_id": "5DfBNrZOiIE", "text": {"5DfBNrZOiIE-00000-00000000-00000200": "How to draw the sun, draw the spring sun", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00001-00000200-00000400": "Today we will draw the sun.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00002-00000400-00000600": "First, draw a circle. The sun is a circle!", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00003-00000600-00000800": "We draw the rays of the sun around the circle.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00004-00000800-00001000": "Draw the rays around.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00005-00001000-00001200": "They are different lengths and different widths.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00006-00001200-00001400": "The sun has a lot of rays.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00007-00001400-00001600": "First, draw the rays from above.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00008-00001600-00001800": "And then draw the rays from below.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00009-00001800-00002000": "Our circle has rays everywhere.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00011-00002200-00002400": "Our sun has eyes. Open and happy.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00012-00002400-00002600": "Let's draw eyes.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00013-00002600-00002800": "First, we draw one eye.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00014-00002800-00003000": "Draw the contour of the eye.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00015-00003000-00003200": "In the middle, we draw the pupil of the eye.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00016-00003200-00003400": "Draw eyelashes.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00017-00003400-00003600": "And draw glare, or prints of light.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00018-00003600-00003800": "Next, draw the second eye.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00019-00003800-00004000": "It is also great.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00020-00004000-00004200": "Draw the pupil of the eye.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00021-00004200-00004400": "Both eyes look at you as you draw.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00022-00004400-00004600": "And here we also draw eyelashes and highlights.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00026-00005200-00005400": "Draw eyebrows over each eye.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00027-00005400-00005600": "Two eyebrows in our sun, as two eyes.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00028-00005600-00005800": "Now draw the mouth.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00029-00005800-00006000": "Our sun is merry.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00030-00006000-00006200": "It gives everyone joy and warmth.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00031-00006200-00006400": "Draw a smiling, open mouth.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00032-00006400-00006600": "Draw the tongue in the middle of the mouth.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00033-00006600-00006800": "We draw cheeks on both sides.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00034-00006800-00007000": "Draw the palms on the left and right.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00035-00007000-00007200": "Our sun has two hands.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00036-00007200-00007400": "Draw one palm and finger.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00037-00007400-00007600": "Now draw the second palm In this palm the sun holds an umbrella.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00038-00007600-00007800": "That's why my fingers are bent here.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00040-00008000-00008200": "And one finger raised up.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00041-00008200-00008400": "Draw the palm and fingers.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00045-00009000-00009200": "Now let's draw an umbrella.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00046-00009200-00009400": "She is above the sun.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00047-00009400-00009600": "Open and beautiful umbrella.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00048-00009600-00009800": "Draw clouds on both sides of the umbrella.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00049-00009800-00010000": "Let's draw two clouds.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00050-00010000-00010200": "Let's finish the details", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00051-00010200-00010400": "and our drawing of the beautiful sun is ready.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00052-00010400-00010600": "Let's paint our sun.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00053-00010600-00010800": "Choose bright and light colors.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00059-00011800-00012000": "Share this video with your friends.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00061-00012200-00012400": "Come to us every day.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00062-00012400-00012600": "Yes, as the sun comes.", "5DfBNrZOiIE-00063-00012600-00012800": "And we will draw a lot of interesting things."}}, {"audio_id": "5DpG7zLeeRI", "text": {"5DpG7zLeeRI-00000-00000059-00001627": "okay I'm going this way", "5DpG7zLeeRI-00001-00001627-00002126": "[Music]", "5DpG7zLeeRI-00002-00002126-00002625": "[Music]", "5DpG7zLeeRI-00003-00002625-00002772": "tequila baby", "5DpG7zLeeRI-00004-00002772-00002872": "a little bit", "5DpG7zLeeRI-00005-00002872-00002972": "oh", "5DpG7zLeeRI-00006-00002972-00003685": "don't stop the no AHHHHHHHHHHHH", "5DpG7zLeeRI-00007-00003685-00005125": "oh  why i just hear the footsteps and I was like", "5DpG7zLeeRI-00008-00005125-00006182": "what oh oh my God it happened screamed that loud forklift you good fork...forklift :)"}}, {"audio_id": "5DvffWqA-SY", "text": {"5DvffWqA-SY-00000-00000000-00000200": "South Africa vs Brazil A tale of two rainbow nations", "5DvffWqA-SY-00001-00000200-00000728": "seems like a fitting enough title to describe both South Africa and Brazil in the same context,", "5DvffWqA-SY-00002-00000728-00001296": "due to their ethnic diversity and multicultural demographic landscape. One being on the southern", "5DvffWqA-SY-00003-00001296-00001848": "edge of the African continent and the other on the east coast of south America. today we’re", "5DvffWqA-SY-00004-00001848-00002408": "going to explore exactly what makes either south Africa or Brazil better than the other and you can", "5DvffWqA-SY-00005-00002408-00002992": "let us know in the comments who you think is truly better. But before we get into any other of that,", "5DvffWqA-SY-00006-00002992-00003447": "please take a second to like this video as it enables more people view our content.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00007-00003447-00004200": "Ok its South Africa Vs Brazil and where better to begin than GDP? The GDP or Gross", "5DvffWqA-SY-00008-00004200-00005184": "Domestic Product is important becauseit gives information about the size of the economy and how", "5DvffWqA-SY-00009-00005648-00008189": "an economy is performing. The growth rate of real GDP is often used as an indicator of the", "5DvffWqA-SY-00010-00008189-00008768": "general health of the economy. In broad terms, an increase in real GDP is interpreted as a sign", "5DvffWqA-SY-00011-00008768-00009560": "that the economy is doing well. South Africa has GDP of 813.1 billion dollars and Brazil", "5DvffWqA-SY-00012-00009648-00010480": "has a GDP of 3.4 trillion dollars. Also known as government debt or national debt,", "5DvffWqA-SY-00013-00010480-00010944": "public debt refers to the sum of all government borrowings owed to lenders within the country.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00014-00011016-00011736": "South Africa’s public debt is 84% of GDP and Brazil has a public debt of 53% of GDP.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00015-00011824-00012424": "The GDP per capita is calculated by dividing the total GDP by the number of people living in the", "5DvffWqA-SY-00016-00012424-00013088": "country. A higher GDP per capita indicates a superior standard of living. South Africa", "5DvffWqA-SY-00017-00013088-00013976": "has a GDP per capita of 13,865 dollars and Brazil has GDP per capita of 16,662 dollars.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00018-00014056-00014488": "The inflation rate represents the annual price increase for goods and services,", "5DvffWqA-SY-00019-00014672-00015016": "indicating a decrease in the purchasing power of a country’s currency.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00020-00015104-00015952": "South Africa has an inflation rate of 5.3% and Brazil has an inflation rate", "5DvffWqA-SY-00021-00015952-00016152": "of 3.4%. The real GDP growth rate represents the year-over-year GDP growth, calculated by taking", "5DvffWqA-SY-00022-00016152-00016194": "into account the price fluctuations caused by inflation. South Africa has a real GDP growth", "5DvffWqA-SY-00023-00016194-00016496": "of 1.3% and Brazil has a real GDP growth of 1%. The unemployment rate is probably the best-known", "5DvffWqA-SY-00024-00016496-00016984": "labour market measure and certainly one of the most widely quoted by media in many countries.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00025-00017096-00017552": "The unemployment rate is a useful measure of the underutilization of the labour supply.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00026-00017616-00018056": "It reflects the inability of an economy to generate employment for those persons who", "5DvffWqA-SY-00027-00018056-00018584": "want to work but are not doing so, even though they are available for employment and actively", "5DvffWqA-SY-00028-00018584-00019192": "seeking work. It is thus seen as an indicator of the efficiency and effectiveness of an economy", "5DvffWqA-SY-00029-00019192-00019568": "to absorb its labour force and of the performance of the labour market.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00030-00019656-00020392": "South Africa has an unemployment rate of 27.5% and Brazil has an unemployment rate of 12.8%.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00031-00020520-00021184": "The number of young people with ages between 15-24 who are unemployed during a specific year.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00032-00021184-00021776": "The youth unemployment rate is calculated as a percent of the total youth labor force. South", "5DvffWqA-SY-00033-00021776-00022480": "Africa has a youth unemployment rate of 53.4% and Mexico has a youth unemployment rate of 28.5%.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00034-00022480-00023200": "The total surface is a very important metric as more land means more allocation of space", "5DvffWqA-SY-00035-00023200-00023656": "towards sectors like agriculture, real estate and living space. It can be nice to live in big cities", "5DvffWqA-SY-00036-00023656-00024256": "or countries, as a larger space may offer more options for residents and visitors. South Africa", "5DvffWqA-SY-00037-00024256-00025208": "has a total surface area of 1 219 090 km² and Brazil has a total surface area of 8 515 770 km².", "5DvffWqA-SY-00038-00025296-00025783": "The average temperature of a country is very important as high temperatures are known to harm", "5DvffWqA-SY-00039-00025783-00026320": "crop productivity, but they also harm people’s ability to work. People are known to be very", "5DvffWqA-SY-00040-00026320-00026968": "sensitive to temperature, So as a country warms up, millions of people start to experience warmer", "5DvffWqA-SY-00041-00026968-00027552": "temperatures and their productivity starts to decline. The average temperature of South Africa", "5DvffWqA-SY-00042-00027552-00028183": "is 17.5 degrees Celsius and the average temperature of is 22 degrees Celsius.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00043-00029632-00030439": "The percentage of land covered by forests. Forests have a key role in removing pollutants", "5DvffWqA-SY-00044-00030439-00031048": "and cleansing the air. Forests serve multiple environmental, socio-economic, and cultural roles", "5DvffWqA-SY-00045-00031048-00031712": "in many countries. They are among the most diverse and widespread ecosystems of the world. Forests", "5DvffWqA-SY-00046-00031712-00032264": "provide many significant resources and functions including wood products and non-wood products,", "5DvffWqA-SY-00047-00032264-00032920": "recreational opportunities, habitat for wildlife, conservation of biological diversity, water and", "5DvffWqA-SY-00048-00032920-00033584": "soil, and play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. the percentage of South Africa’s", "5DvffWqA-SY-00049-00033584-00034352": "land covered by forest is 7.6% and the percentage of land covered by forest in Brazil is 61.9%.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00050-00034480-00034976": "The percentage of land dedicated to agricultural use, including arable land,", "5DvffWqA-SY-00051-00034976-00035448": "permanent crops, and permanent pasture is known as the country’s agricultural land.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00052-00035528-00036032": "Agricultural landprovides the largest share of food supplies and ensures an essential", "5DvffWqA-SY-00053-00036032-00036624": "number of ecosystem services. The percentage of South Africa’s land dedicated to agricultural", "5DvffWqA-SY-00054-00036624-00037432": "use is 79.4% and the percentage of Brazil’s land dedicated to agricultural use is 32.9%.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00055-00037568-00038024": "Coasts are important zones in natural ecosystems,often home to a wide range", "5DvffWqA-SY-00056-00038024-00038552": "of biodiversity. On land, they harbor important ecosystems such as freshwater", "5DvffWqA-SY-00057-00038552-00039096": "or estuarine wetlands, which are important for bird populations and other terrestrial animals.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00058-00039176-00040008": "South Africa has a coastline of 2,798 km and Brazil has a coastline of 7,491km.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00059-00040168-00040720": "Water is also a critical input to production in a number of economic sectors. Water is used", "5DvffWqA-SY-00060-00040720-00041352": "to extract energy and mineral resources from the earth, refine petroleum and chemicals, roll steel,", "5DvffWqA-SY-00061-00041352-00041896": "mill paper, and produce uncounted other goods, from semiconductors to the foods and beverages", "5DvffWqA-SY-00062-00041896-00042504": "that line supermarket shelves. South Africa’s total water area, summing up all inland waters", "5DvffWqA-SY-00063-00042504-00043376": "including lakes, rivers, reservoirs and wetlands is 4 620 km² and Brazil’s total water area,", "5DvffWqA-SY-00064-00043376-00044256": "summing up all inland waters including lakes, rivers, reservoirs and wetlands is 157 630 km².", "5DvffWqA-SY-00065-00044344-00044776": "Populous cities or countries usually offer better employment opportunities", "5DvffWqA-SY-00066-00044776-00045256": "because of their large economies. Big cities attract companies and business investment,", "5DvffWqA-SY-00067-00045256-00045808": "and are usually important cultural centers and research hubs. South Africa has a total", "5DvffWqA-SY-00068-00045808-00046536": "population of 57.73 million people and Brazil has a total population of 210.15 million people.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00069-00046536-00046920": "Population density shows how cramped or spread out inhabitants are.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00070-00046984-00047456": "Cities or countries with high population densities can be considered overpopulated,", "5DvffWqA-SY-00071-00047456-00048008": "which can be a problem if the infrastructure is underdeveloped. South Africa has a population", "5DvffWqA-SY-00072-00048008-00048608": "density of 47 people/km² and Brazil has a population density of 25 people/km².", "5DvffWqA-SY-00073-00048816-00049288": "The average life expectancy at birth is the number of years that the population of a", "5DvffWqA-SY-00074-00049288-00049960": "country is expected to live. This metric reflects the overall quality of life. South Africa has an", "5DvffWqA-SY-00075-00049960-00050584": "average life expectancy of 64.1 years and Brazil has an average life expectancy of 74.3 years.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00076-00050688-00051272": "The average life expectancy at birth for the South Africa’s female population is 65.6 years", "5DvffWqA-SY-00077-00051272-00051840": "and the average life expectancy at birth for the Brazil’s female population is 78 years.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00078-00051928-00052520": "The average life expectancy at birth for the South Africa’s male population is 62.7 years", "5DvffWqA-SY-00079-00052520-00053048": "and the average life expectancy at birth for the Brazil’s male population is 70.7 years.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00080-00053136-00053704": "The death rate, also called crude death rate, represents the number of annual deaths per 1,000", "5DvffWqA-SY-00081-00053704-00054312": "people at midyear. South Africa has a death rate of 9.3 deaths per thousand and Brazil", "5DvffWqA-SY-00082-00054312-00055008": "has a death rate of 6.7 deaths per thousand. The birth rate, also known as crude birth rate,", "5DvffWqA-SY-00083-00055008-00055528": "refers to the annual number of births per 1,000 people. Calculated midyear,", "5DvffWqA-SY-00084-00055528-00056055": "it is one of the main factors used to determine the population growth rate. South Africa has a", "5DvffWqA-SY-00085-00056055-00056608": "birth rate of 19.9 births per thousand and Brazil has a birth rate of 13.9 deaths per thousand.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00086-00056696-00057296": "The average number of children born to each woman. For calculating the total fertility rate, it is", "5DvffWqA-SY-00087-00057296-00057808": "assumed that all women live to the end of their childbearing years and give birth in alignment", "5DvffWqA-SY-00088-00057808-00058320": "with the prevailing age-specific fertility rates in the country. On this scale South", "5DvffWqA-SY-00089-00058320-00059079": "Africa has a fertility rate of 2.26 and Brazil has a fertility rate of 1.75 on the same scale.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00090-00059176-00059664": "Cities or countries with younger population have usually better development perspectives.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00091-00059752-00060255": "Because young societies are more dynamic and creative. South Africa’s population", "5DvffWqA-SY-00092-00060255-00060848": "has a median age of 27.4 years and Brazil’s population has a median age of 32.4 years.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00093-00060920-00061432": "Generally, a lower median age is considered better because a younger population is healthier.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00094-00061496-00062079": "However, countries with an extremely low median age are often facing socio-economic problems,", "5DvffWqA-SY-00095-00062079-00062736": "especially poverty. South Africa’s has a median female population age of 27.6 years and Brazil", "5DvffWqA-SY-00096-00062736-00063391": "has a median female population age of 33.3 years. South Africa’s has a median male population age", "5DvffWqA-SY-00097-00063391-00064040": "of 27.2 years and Brazil has a median male population age of 31.5 years. The total", "5DvffWqA-SY-00098-00064040-00064584": "labor force of a country represents the number of people working or willing to work. South Africa", "5DvffWqA-SY-00099-00064584-00065288": "has a labor force of 22.19 million people And Brazil has a labor force of 104.2 million people.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00100-00065400-00065848": "Electricity is an essential part of modern life and important of any economy.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00101-00065912-00066440": "People use electricityfor lighting, heating, cooling, and refrigeration and for operating", "5DvffWqA-SY-00102-00066440-00066976": "appliances, computers, electronics, machinery, and public transportation systems.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00103-00067064-00067752": "South Africa has an electrification rate of 84.2% and Brazil has an electrification rate of 98%.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00104-00067888-00068360": "Roads make a crucial contribution to economic development and growth and bring important", "5DvffWqA-SY-00105-00068360-00068848": "social benefits. They are of vital importance in order to make a nation grow and develop.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00106-00068912-00069456": "In addition, providing access to employment, social, health and education services makes a", "5DvffWqA-SY-00107-00069456-00070056": "road network crucial in fighting against poverty. The total length of South Africa’s paved and", "5DvffWqA-SY-00108-00070056-00071240": "unpaved roads is 20 986 km and the total length of Brazil’s paved and unpaved roads is 29 850 km.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00109-00071240-00071784": "The number of physicians (generalist and specialist medical doctors) per 1,000 people.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00110-00071856-00072120": "According to the World Health Organization, there should be", "5DvffWqA-SY-00111-00072120-00072640": "more than 2.3 health workers per 1,000 people in order to cover the primary healthcare needs.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00112-00072720-00073416": "South Africa has 0.91 physicians per thousand and Brazil has 2.15 physicians per thousand.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00113-00073504-00074016": "The percentage of South Africa’s population with access to improved drinking water sources,", "5DvffWqA-SY-00114-00074016-00074696": "such as piped water or protected wells is 93.2% and the percentage of Brazil’s population with", "5DvffWqA-SY-00115-00074696-00075312": "access to improved drinking water sources, such as piped water or protected wells is 98.1%.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00116-00077976-00078344": "In hindsight Brazil shapes up pretty well against south Africa.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00117-00078424-00078768": "But we’ll leave that for you to decide in the comment section below.", "5DvffWqA-SY-00118-00078856-00079312": "If you aren’t subscribed to our channel yet, you can do that now and officially become part of our", "5DvffWqA-SY-00119-00079312-00080944": "community of touristers here on the new tourist. Thanks for watching and see you in another video."}}, {"audio_id": "5D-X7ysvL-g", "text": {"5D-X7ysvL-g-00001-00000006-00000396": "Mr. Judd here and this is genetics three all about replication.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00002-00000396-00000869": "If you want to see an amazing animation about DNA replication check out this link over here.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00003-00000869-00001483": "Replication is copying DNA.  But its not exactly the same as taking a piece of paper and", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00004-00001483-00001826": "putting into a copy machine and then getting a copy out.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00005-00001826-00002419": "In that case the original stays the same and you get an exact replica of your original.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00006-00002420-00002720": "In DNA replication its gonna be a little bit different.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00007-00002720-00003236": "and to figure how its different we're gonna have to look at the chemical details of DNA is actually copied.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00009-00003276-00003549": "The keywords for today are replication,", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00010-00003550-00004406": "helicase, DNA polymerase - you might notice they end is -ase so those are going to be enzymes - and semiconservative.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00011-00004406-00004429": "helicase, DNA polymerase - you might notice they end is -ase so those are going to be enzymes - and semiconservative.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00012-00004430-00005000": "Let's start where we started our last video and we're going to do a simple double helix.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00013-00005000-00005366": "Remember, this represents one tiny segment", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00014-00005366-00005876": "of DNA. The rungs of the ladder are the bases,", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00015-00005876-00006383": "and this time were going to replicate it or copy it.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00016-00006383-00006669": "So let's flatten it out again.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00017-00006670-00007170": "This actually does happen during DNA replication; it flattens out.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00018-00007170-00007503": "and to get an idea of exactly how it is going to be copied,", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00019-00007503-00008123": "what I want to do is take it and draw it in little greater detail but not as great detail as we did last time", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00020-00008123-00008346": "just because it make it easier for me to draw.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00021-00008346-00009079": "We don't care about the sugar-phosphate backbone at this point.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00022-00009080-00009256": "So there are my uprights.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00023-00009256-00010189": "But instead of just drawing them as rungs, what I'm going to do is add in the bases, or the letters.  So let's start with a T,", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00024-00010190-00010893": "put a C, then a G - these are just random - let's put another T. Let's put an A.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00025-00010893-00011643": "That was supposed to be an A.  And now let's  let's put a G. Okay so our sequence is T,C,G,T, A,G going down.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00026-00011643-00012183": "Now, hopefully at this point in your study of genetics you can easily", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00027-00012183-00013203": "put in at the complimentary side. So T matches with A. [mumbbling letters as he works]", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00028-00013203-00014113": "Alright, so there is a pretty simple diagram of a small strand of DNA and we've got one, two, three, four, five, ...", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00029-00014113-00014366": "six base pairs. Good.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00030-00014366-00015203": "The first step in replication is to split this molecule in half, and that is done by an enzyme called helicase. So", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00031-00015203-00015623": "what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna use helicase - I'm gonna have my one strand stay", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00032-00015623-00016043": "over here and I'm gonna have the other strand separate and move over there. That's done by", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00033-00016043-00016659": "an enzyme called helicase that untwists and unzips DNA.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00034-00016660-00017106": "So I will use my rectangle tool here.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00035-00017106-00017773": "Of course my drawing wasn't perfect so my rectangle didn't hit it perfectly. Then I'm going to move it over.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00036-00017773-00018516": "And I'll be the job of helicase, to split the DNA in half down the middle. It you remember from last time what I had to do in order to split DNA is", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00037-00018516-00019013": "actually break the hydrogen bonds.  The next step", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00038-00019013-00019359": "is that we are ready to start replicating.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00039-00019360-00019863": "Here's one original half.  Here's the other original half. I'm gonna change colors", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00040-00019863-00020369": "because this is gonna be somewhat important. Let's change to a nice blue color.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00041-00020370-00020860": "T should have been matched to A. But there is nothing here now. During replication", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00042-00020860-00021353": "another enzyme comes in and deposits new nucleotides.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00043-00021353-00021959": "and it's gonna know that T matches with A. And that's because of the chemical shape and bonding", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00044-00021960-00022566": "structure of T and A. They always go together. what I've added there is one nucleotide.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00045-00022566-00022946": "But to continue I'm gonna have to add another nucleotide.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00046-00022946-00023953": "So C should match with G and so on down the line. I'm just gonna finish up my sugar-phosphate backbone. I'm gonna put my", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00047-00023953-00024439": "partial rungs in and then quickly", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00048-00024440-00024930": "finish it up.  You'll notice that side just drew in there is identical in sequence to the side I just", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00049-00024930-00025420": "separated over there. So the job of actually building", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00050-00025420-00025646": "in the new side", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00051-00025646-00026086": "is done by a enzyme called DNA", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00052-00026086-00026293": "polymerase.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00053-00026293-00027006": "Okay so that's the one that actually builds the DNA. I'm gonna go over here. Instead of bringing in individual nucleotides, just to make my", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00054-00027006-00027319": "drawing job easier,", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00055-00027320-00027710": "I'm gonna add in the whole backbone", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00056-00027710-00027906": "and then", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00057-00027906-00028689": "I'm going to just draw in the bases. The new hydrogen bonds would form between each of the base pairs.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00058-00028689-00029020": "I forgot to put my hydrogen bonbs over there.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00059-00029020-00029820": "And we have two new DNA strands. This would happen down the entire length of DNA. This was just a small segment so you get the basic idea.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00060-00029820-00030283": "Now I want to show you in a new color,", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00061-00030283-00030519": "Let's do", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00062-00030520-00030739": "like a dark purple.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00063-00030739-00030956": "I want to show you that we have", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00064-00030956-00031143": "one", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00065-00031143-00031273": "old part", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00066-00031273-00032013": "and one new part. So we've got old and new. And so this molecule is an exact copy of the original,", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00067-00032013-00032976": "but it is half old, half new. That idea of half old, half new is called semiconservative.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00069-00033023-00033843": "WhenDNA replicates only half as actually new. The other old half is over here in this new copy.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00070-00033843-00034369": "So the last thing on talk about is, \"why replicate?\"", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00071-00034370-00034600": "Why would you even do this process?", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00072-00034600-00035343": "Well, hopefully remember from our discussions of cell division that anytime you need a new cell it needs a complete copy of the DNA. So", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00073-00035343-00035843": "replication is essential for both types", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00074-00035843-00035963": "of", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00075-00035963-00036393": "cell division.The first type we talked about was mitosis. \"Mitosis", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00076-00036393-00037123": "makes my toes\". And this is the simple form of cell division where exact copies of cells are made. Its used for growth and repair in", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00077-00037123-00037609": "multicellular organisms and its used for asexual reproduction in single celled organisms and in some", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00078-00037610-00038100": "multicellular organisms that can reproduce asexually.  The other type", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00079-00038100-00038430": "is meiosis.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00080-00038430-00039193": "and meiosis is used for making sperm and egg, and its a special type of division where the chromosomes are shuffled and then", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00081-00039193-00039706": "later on during fertilization recombined to make unique individuals.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00082-00039706-00040329": "But know that both types of cell division, the type that makes body cells and asexual reporoduction, and meoisis they type makes", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00083-00040330-00040956": "sperm and egg require replication before they can procede.", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00084-00040956-00041769": "To review, the key terms were replication, which means copying of DNA; helicase, which is the enzyme that splits apart DNA and prepares it", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00085-00041770-00042586": "for replication; DNA polymerase is the enzyme that actually builds new nucleotides onto the old template", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00086-00042586-00042839": "in order to make copies of DNA;", "5D-X7ysvL-g-00087-00042840-00043443": "semiconservative means that each new DNA molecule is actually have old and have new."}}, {"audio_id": "5D_KNLqX2GY", "text": {"5D_KNLqX2GY-00000-00000272-00000742": "there's a couple different kinds that we use. We generally stick with the", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00001-00000742-00001166": "steel clamps. The big clamps and the small clamps, we call these baby", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00002-00001166-00001685": "clamps. These are just the big large clamps or the c-clamp. You can also get a", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00003-00001685-00002159": "paddle clamp which has these little paddles on the ends which are useful in some", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00004-00002159-00002636": "situations in steel stud but mainly stick with the standard clamp.", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00005-00002636-00003125": "These ones are definitely more useful than the paddle clamps. Paddle clamps have", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00006-00003125-00003698": "their place but the regular ones are the best. You can see I have a lot of clamps and", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00007-00003698-00004238": "when you get good at steel stud you'll have tons of them trust me.", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00008-00004238-00004787": "The router for drywall is pretty standard you can have different bits", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00009-00004787-00005300": "different ends this is a standard point which is a straight tip and then you", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00010-00005300-00005885": "have your guide point tip which has got a little guide on the end of the bit.", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00011-00005885-00006518": "The guide point is good for doing boxes, cutting out electrical boxes (and windows and doors) but the", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00012-00006518-00006947": "standard point bit is good for almost everything. You can cut your tops, you can", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00013-00006947-00007349": "cut your boxes... this is more of a professional bit whereas the guide point", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00014-00007349-00007835": "is like a rookie type of bit. I use the standard point for everything. I just", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00015-00007835-00008216": "have guide points to... I don't even know? I probably just picked them up along", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00016-00008216-00008573": "the way somewhere but the standard bits are the only ones I use. You can", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00017-00008573-00009035": "also change out the coupler inside of the router and you can get bigger", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00018-00009035-00009359": "bits as well (5/16\" & 1/4\"). For commercial the smaller ones are the", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00019-00009359-00009908": "best and for residential the bigger ones are actually. There's like a 1/4\"", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00020-00009908-00010358": "one or whatever that's pretty big that is really well-liked amongst the", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00021-00010358-00010880": "residential guys. This is the drywall screw gun. Okay these don't have batteries in them", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00022-00010880-00011321": "but this is the drywall gun the cordless drywall gun. This is the shaft - The", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00023-00011321-00011873": "shaft with #2 Phillips bit.  We use #2 Phillips bits in", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00024-00011873-00012506": "drywall and steel stud. It's fairly simple they just load in to your gun and", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00025-00012506-00012977": "this is your top right and then you can select your depth with the nozzle okay", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00026-00012977-00013418": "and go cordless the more you can go cordless in steal and drywall the", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00027-00013418-00013853": "better your life is going to be trust me okay so we have the shaft (MUST BE MAGNETIC) we have the", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00028-00013853-00014585": "#2 Phillips bit and this is our nozzle cover so we can adjust our screw depth.", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00029-00014585-00015134": "Next we have the impact gun - The impact gun is essential for steel stud framing", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00030-00015134-00015572": "or metal stud framing you need to have it! Again you have another shaft with a", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00031-00015572-00016037": "#2 Phillips bit. We do not use Robertson, we don't use anything else", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00032-00016037-00016475": "other than the #2 Phillips that's it! So bit wise it's easy to learn.", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00033-00016475-00016967": "Easy to learn, you can buy them in different packs, big packs and", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00034-00016967-00017339": "they're worth it, well worth it to buy them in big bulky", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00035-00017339-00018073": "packs. Now the drywall gun itself uses the standard", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00036-00018073-00018602": "phosphate screw. This is an 1-1/4\" drywall screw. You can see", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00037-00018602-00019066": "the #2 Phillips, it's pointy and it's black. This is the regular", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00038-00019066-00019871": "drywall screw 1-1/4\". Then we have the zinc coated screw which is for", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00039-00019871-00020213": "heavy gauge. you can see it's got a self tapper again so we call these self", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00040-00020213-00020720": "topping drywall screws okay these are heavy gauge self tapping drywall screws", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00041-00020720-00021257": "inch and a quarter long okay then you have your two inch screws these are your", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00042-00021257-00021682": "two inch regulars and the same thing for the heavy gauge you can have two-inch", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00043-00021682-00022100": "heavy gauge self tapping screws as well but they're just a little bit longer", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00044-00022100-00022532": "okay this is for like double layer drywall again number two Phillips always", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00045-00022532-00022946": "going to be number two Phillips these are board to board screws now they look", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00046-00022946-00023387": "like the regular drywall screw but they're much fatter set hence they're", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00047-00023387-00023900": "nicknamed fatties okay or fatboys drywall board to board laminating screw", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00048-00023900-00024317": "that's what that boy is right there okay so it's a little bit bigger fatter", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00049-00024317-00024839": "with the coarser thread fine thread fine thread screws are for steel and you can", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00050-00024839-00025565": "get course through its screws for wood now as far as framing for the impact gun", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00051-00025565-00026030": "there's only two types of fasteners that we generally use and there's basically", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00052-00026030-00026552": "cut they're called Kelly screws framing screws whatever you want to call them", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00053-00026552-00026963": "okay so we have the black ones again the phosphate the pointed tip for light", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00054-00026963-00027425": "gauge steel then you have the self-tapping one for heavy gauge steel", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00055-00027425-00028043": "okay so these are framing screws you see them good there you go see framing", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00056-00028043-00028958": "screws so you got black for light gauge and the zinc for the heavy gauge this is", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00057-00028958-00029513": "your shot gun okay this is your powder-actuated fastening gun so that", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00058-00029513-00030002": "they hit the Hilty the shotgun whatever you want to call them they come with two", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00059-00030002-00030737": "types of ends we use the long ones for concrete the small ones for steel okay", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00060-00030737-00031283": "for steel the steel and then this is steel the concrete simply loaded in it's", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00061-00031283-00031880": "pretty simple to use I have a video I'll link it here on how to use the DX 351", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00062-00031880-00032402": "you'll have two different strips or shots we call them right the green is", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00063-00032402-00032966": "for concrete the yellow is for steel for shooting into steel you can use the", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00064-00032966-00033440": "green or for the steel as well you can turn up the strength on the gun the", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00065-00033440-00034004": "greens are the most popular type very rarely will you use a red okay but the", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00066-00034004-00034526": "how it goes is the green and the yellow is more powerful okay so the yellow is", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00067-00034526-00035060": "more powerful than the green you need to get 25 millimeter Olfa knife okay this", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00068-00035060-00035588": "is your utility knife blade whatever you want to call it the 25 millimeter alpha", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00069-00035588-00036191": "is the way to go it can cut insulation it can cut drywall it cuts nice straight", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00070-00036191-00036599": "drywall because it's it's strong the blades are strong if you buy this small", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00071-00036599-00036947": "overnight with the skinny blades like this trip like the these are fat right", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00072-00036947-00037432": "will say slim blades then you can the the blinds are in a straight", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00073-00037432-00037840": "is with the this plus you can do a lot more with this 5/8 you can carve your 45", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00074-00037840-00038293": "is easy it cuts insulation like nothing okay so go with the 25 millimeter also", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00075-00038293-00038899": "knife utility knife or whatever you want to call it okay now your tape measure I", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00076-00038899-00039265": "know this sounds silly but the tape measure is important because you notice", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00077-00039265-00039727": "that this is an imperial only tape measure you don't want a metric tape you", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00078-00039727-00040339": "don't want metric on your tape at all in fact you don't want a dual tape which", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00079-00040339-00040777": "has metric and imperial on it you only want one or the other the reason being", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00080-00040777-00041269": "is you want to be able to read the tape from both sides of it okay this is very", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00081-00041269-00041626": "handy when it comes to drywall the steel stud well pretty much for anything in my", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00082-00041626-00042013": "opinion if you need a metric tape get a metric alright for everything else", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00083-00042013-00042640": "though use an imperial tape Imperial only the butterfly clip is a very", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00084-00042640-00043024": "important tool because this is what we used to clamp the tape on this track", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00085-00043024-00043528": "while we draw our centers so we can draw a long centers and not have to keep", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00086-00043528-00043876": "holding this side down the butterfly clip will do it for us okay so make sure", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00087-00043876-00044389": "you have a butterfly clip and an imperial only tape measure the 25 foot", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00088-00044389-00044695": "is perfect okay when you're when you're more advanced", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00089-00044695-00045058": "and you get to learn the trades then you'll have different tapes like", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00090-00045058-00045721": "40-footers and whatnot but get the 25 foot to start squares this is your 2", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00091-00045721-00046219": "foot square okay so it's obviously 2 feet right this is a handy tool for", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00092-00046219-00046726": "layout and doing things like layout on the drywall and whatnot but yeah your 2", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00093-00046726-00047326": "foot square this is the combination square a lot of guys use one foot", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00094-00047326-00047797": "squares but I use the combination square because it's simple II I can I can", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00095-00047797-00048280": "adjust right the the the word where the the square part is I can adjust that", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00096-00048280-00048823": "with this so the combination square is a beautiful beautiful all-around square", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00097-00048823-00049357": "for steel set of drywall this is what's called a framing square which is only", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00098-00049357-00049858": "good for framing I use this when I'm in a rush cake because this is what it's", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00099-00049858-00050305": "called a speed square so I'll use this when I'm squaring this thing like lines", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00100-00050305-00050649": "on studs or what not or squaring studs in the track", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00101-00050649-00051333": "something like that but this is called framing square or a speed square you", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00102-00051333-00051866": "have your flat bar now flat bar flat bars come in all different sizes and", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00103-00051866-00052341": "shapes believe it or not but this is a flat bar very important for bowls just", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00104-00052341-00052815": "add in drywall you can take out old pins what not if you need to remove like move", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00105-00052815-00053195": "your track or what not flat bar is very important", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00106-00053195-00053709": "chalk line okay this is your chalk line chalk line is used to us they do layout", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00107-00053709-00054105": "but we use our chalk line to to chalk lines on drywall things like that for", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00108-00054105-00054594": "cutting okay so a a chalk line is a must if you're doing any kind of steel start", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00109-00054594-00055215": "framing your drywall this is your keyhole saw this is for manually cutting", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00110-00055215-00055635": "drywall okay your drywall saw your keyhole saw it's a simple tool just for", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00111-00055635-00056064": "quick cuts or whatnot use your router for major cuts but the keyhole saw is", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00112-00056064-00056691": "used for like quick random cuts this is your drywall rasp this is like a like a", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00113-00056691-00057138": "it'll smooth the edges of the drywall when you cut and snap your board this is", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00114-00057138-00057495": "the tool that'll make this the edge is nice and smooth okay your cuts your", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00115-00057495-00057939": "butts or whatnot so make sure you have a raster and raster joints guys this is a", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00116-00057939-00058401": "drywall lifter will use the lifter to lift the drywall to the ceiling so when", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00117-00058401-00058836": "you drywall the ceiling first you will use the lifter to lift that drywall", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00118-00058836-00059385": "sheet tight to the ceiling okay these are your snips now sniffs", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00119-00059385-00060048": "come in red green and yellow if you're a framer drywall or you want red okay red", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00120-00060048-00060540": "is the right-handed cutters the green is left and the yellow is straight the", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00121-00060540-00061266": "yellows are used for tapers red is used for steel stud framers we have a line", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00122-00061266-00061758": "laser this laser is so important for framing and drywall you will level your", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00123-00061758-00062202": "sheets with this you'll level ceilings your level studs you'll you'll you know", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00124-00062202-00062490": "mark your track lines and stuff like that with it", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00125-00062490-00062955": "the line laser is very important the Green Line is a really handy one you can", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00126-00062955-00063246": "see it better than the red and you can see it's got vertical and horizontal", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00127-00063246-00063783": "lines you use it to level doors you just use it all the time so", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00128-00063783-00064128": "my laser is an absolute must they heal these a little more money but you can", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00129-00064128-00064641": "buy that do all one for like 150 bucks Canadian and that will have both lines", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00130-00064641-00065034": "but it's a red one this is a actual bracket for it for mounting it for", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00131-00065034-00065487": "ceilings and stuff like that so you can see this is quite a setup right it's", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00132-00065487-00066090": "quite a lot of money as well okay so this is a very typical setup on site for", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00133-00066090-00066498": "a steel stock framer drywaller you have three foot benches which are", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00134-00066498-00066957": "the most standard benches in our trade and just a random piece of plywood", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00135-00066957-00067434": "you'll final on a site anywhere from the time you use it to cut your drywall", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00136-00067434-00067950": "strips you put your chop saw on so you can cut your material up here it's very", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00137-00067950-00068529": "very handy as far as the pouch goes it's very simple we use the suspenders always", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00138-00068529-00068919": "have suspenders padded pouch patent suspenders are nice", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00139-00068919-00069447": "the for pocket pouch the screw pouch is what I use and we always use the", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00140-00069447-00069747": "electricians pouch for our tools as simple as that", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00141-00069747-00070326": "always get an extra clip for your screw guns this will hold the drywall gun the", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00142-00070326-00070785": "end the impact and I have a hammer holster right here as well it's very", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00143-00070785-00071196": "important to have it simple is that guys if you have any questions at all about", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00144-00071196-00071643": "the tools that I just showed you or any tools at all let me know down in the", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00145-00071643-00072000": "comments I'll gladly answer your questions and remember I put the Amazon", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00146-00072000-00072360": "links in the video description for you guys to go and purchase any of the tools", "5D_KNLqX2GY-00147-00072360-00072747": "that you've seen here today that was a hope you enjoyed the video"}}, {"audio_id": "5DAWdQr5yQU", "text": {"5DAWdQr5yQU-00000-00000000-00000200": "Set different Criteria in Libre office calc"}}, {"audio_id": "5EHg6hW_GFu", "text": {"5EHg6hW_GFu-00000-00000000-00000200": "Cat and mouse are good friends"}}, {"audio_id": "5EQqv8PKzf8", "text": {"5EQqv8PKzf8-00000-00000000-00000200": "Mom", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00001-00000200-00000400": "Please don't leave", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00002-00000400-00000875": "If you leave me, who will fix my hair in the morning", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00003-00000875-00001201": "Who will perform for me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00004-00001201-00001606": "Who will play with us", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00005-00001606-00002169": "Please don't leave us. I have no one else", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00006-00002169-00002672": "I might be strong in your eyes but I'm not strong", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00007-00002672-00003192": "You have a new family and children", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00008-00003192-00003465": "but don't abandon us, mom", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00009-00003465-00003846": "We have no one else besides you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00010-00003846-00004207": "Please don't give me a hard time, Ka", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00011-00004207-00004555": "I don't want to do that", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00012-00004555-00004836": "If it's hard, please don't do it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00013-00004836-00005172": "If it hurts, why do you do it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00014-00005172-00005658": "If leaving us is hard, please don't do it, mom", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00015-00006734-00007117": "Nika, you're still young", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00016-00007117-00007353": "You don't get it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00017-00007353-00008095": "When you grow up, you will understand why I have to leave you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00018-00008095-00008521": "I do it for myself", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00019-00008521-00008853": "I know I'm selfish", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00020-00008853-00009690": "but you will understand my reasons behind this", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00021-00009690-00010042": "You can hate me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00022-00010042-00010494": "I'm a bad mother. I don't deserve to be your mother", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00023-00010494-00010966": "If we meet again, you can pretend I'm not your mother", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00024-00011419-00011574": "No, mom", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00025-00013029-00013562": "SASTRA FILM & BAYON TV", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00026-00013562-00013846": "SPONSORED BY", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00027-00013846-00014025": "PRESENTS", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00028-00022482-00023015": "SOVAN NIKA- EPISODE 1", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00029-00023015-00023570": "Everyone has his/her own dream. No one can define your future", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00030-00023570-00023963": "You have to improve yourself", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00031-00023963-00024262": "Be your own boss", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00032-00024730-00024855": "Nika", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00033-00025165-00025418": "We don't have rice left", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00034-00025418-00025780": "Ohh! Let me see!", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00035-00025780-00026022": "Is that all we have?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00036-00026022-00026242": "Grandma hasn't restocked it yet", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00037-00026242-00026485": "I'll make porridge, then", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00038-00028680-00028920": "What will we have for lunch today?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00039-00028920-00029414": "Stay here and watch the porridge. I'll find something to cook for you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00040-00031237-00031602": "Guess what I'm going to cook for you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00041-00031602-00031968": "What do you want to do?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00042-00034727-00034990": "Ka, when will mom comes back home", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00043-00035673-00035897": "She will come to see us soon", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00044-00035897-00036318": "Eat up when it's still hot. I cooked it for you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00045-00039000-00039237": "Grandma, you come back", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00046-00039237-00039665": "Where did you go this morning? We have been waiting for you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00047-00039665-00040086": "Take the fish!", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00048-00040086-00040488": "Eat it with your sister! I'm tired", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00049-00040488-00040716": "I want to rest for a bit", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00050-00041189-00041606": "If you're tired, I will massage for you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00051-00041606-00041878": "I can relieve your pain", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00052-00041878-00042449": "I'm fine. You can eat with your sister first. Don't worry about me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00053-00042449-00042823": "I'm an adult. I can take care of myself", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00054-00042823-00043350": "Don't tell me that you forget to feed our hens", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00055-00043350-00043755": "No! I take good care of them.", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00056-00043755-00043980": "We can make a profit from them soon", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00057-00043980-00044570": "Good! I will sell it to get money to buy you books and clothes for the new semester", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00058-00044790-00045197": "I haven't seen mom for a while.", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00059-00045197-00045587": "Ta misses mom so bad. She always asked me about mom", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00060-00046332-00046736": "Take the fish and cook it for your sister", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00061-00046736-00046956": "I want to rest", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00062-00047322-00047714": "Is what I'm thinking true", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00063-00047714-00047998": "Mom is really...", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00064-00049911-00050331": "My little sister is a teen now", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00065-00050612-00050864": "What makes you so happy?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00066-00050864-00051455": "only your body is growing", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00067-00051455-00051885": "but you still asking me for money", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00068-00051885-00052331": "Don't be scared! Grandma is just joking with you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00069-00052331-00052981": "You should dress up because your mom will come to see you this evening", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00070-00052981-00053250": "you miss her so badly, don't you?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00071-00053250-00053601": "Your wish is finally coming true", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00072-00053601-00054230": "I might not be able to stay with you guys because I have to do laundry for others until late at night", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00073-00054230-00054448": "I should get going now", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00074-00054448-00054634": "Take care, granny!", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00075-00054634-00054977": "Ka, mom finally comes to see us", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00076-00054977-00055300": "I thought she won't come to see us again", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00077-00055300-00055712": "Why did you knock on my head", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00078-00055712-00056007": "Because you like to think negatively", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00079-00056007-00056330": "She is our mother after all. She would come to see us", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00080-00056330-00056812": "I'm not being negative. Think about it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00081-00056812-00057387": "When she first sent us to live with grandma, she came to visit us once a week", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00082-00057387-00057726": "Then, once a month", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00083-00057726-00058020": "Then, three times a year", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00084-00058020-00058388": "Now, she rare comes to visit us", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00085-00058388-00058871": "Mom is busy working. She is coming to see us now", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00086-00058871-00059235": "but I don't have a good feeling about it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00087-00059235-00059775": "I have this feeling that something is 'off.", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00088-00059775-00060275": "She doesn't have time for us. I'm afraid she will abandon us", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00089-00060275-00060703": "Don't overthink! She is coming to see us this evening", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00090-00061197-00061709": "I want our family to be like another family", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00091-00061709-00061938": "but...", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00092-00061938-00062331": "Are you walking away because I hit your nerves", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00093-00062331-00062689": "Do you think you're good?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00094-00062689-00062909": "Have you ever looked at yourself?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00095-00062909-00063322": "What's wrong with me? Tell me!", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00096-00063322-00064031": "I'm not an asshole who leaves his family for a whore", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00097-00064881-00065365": "SOVAN NIKA", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00098-00069713-00070209": "SOVAN NIKA", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00099-00070209-00070687": "Do you want to punch me? Then, do it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00100-00070687-00071236": "If we can't be together anymore, let's divorce", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00101-00071236-00071627": "I have been waiting for these words for my entire life", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00102-00071627-00072305": "Okay, let's divorce! I don't want to live with a bastard like you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00103-00072305-00072890": "Don't ever come to see my kids again! You will ruin their future", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00104-00072890-00073129": "Go away from us", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00105-00073129-00073845": "I will watch and see how a whore like you raise my kids", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00106-00073845-00074406": "If you go and beg me to raise them, I will not accept it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00107-00074406-00074787": "Look at yourself! What makes me regret my decision?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00108-00074787-00075150": "We'll meet at the commune hall for divorce tomorrow", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00109-00075150-00075647": "I'll see you there. I want it to end soon too", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00110-00078904-00079059": "Mom!", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00111-00079450-00080107": "We've waited for you for so long. I thought you won't come to see us", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00112-00080556-00080952": "Silly! How can a mother leave their kids", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00113-00080952-00081240": "I just can't find the right time to visit you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00114-00081240-00081680": "You look pretty. You grow bigger", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00115-00081680-00081994": "Ka said the same thing", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00116-00081994-00082267": "Right, Ka?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00117-00082267-00082570": "Ka is taller now.", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00118-00082570-00083048": "People might say Ka and you're sisters", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00119-00083297-00083829": "Nika is also a grown-up. Both of you grow up to be beautiful women", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00120-00083829-00084225": "I'm really happy to have good daughters like you guys", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00121-00084225-00084499": "Thank you, mom!", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00122-00084711-00085270": "Ka is silly. She has been waiting for you to come here but she is quiet when you actually show up", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00123-00085270-00085701": "Ka always wants to see you like me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00124-00085701-00086094": "She is speechless when she gets so excited", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00125-00086094-00086477": "If I were born as her elder sister, I'll teach her a lesson", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00126-00086477-00086894": "Ohh, you want to teach me a lesson now?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00127-00086894-00087376": "I'm a grown-up now, right mom?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00128-00087756-00088103": "We should go up, mother", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00129-00088103-00088299": "Let's go, then!", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00130-00089672-00089932": "Are you sure?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00131-00089932-00090286": "I'm sure. I don't change my mind", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00132-00090286-00090655": "You can't convince me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00133-00090655-00091006": "I know you're stubborn...", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00134-00091006-00091447": "like when you want to marry Nika's dad", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00135-00091447-00091814": "and when you divorce him...", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00136-00091814-00092145": "Do you want history to repeat itself", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00137-00092145-00092749": "You chose the wrong paths again and again", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00138-00092749-00093180": "Why do you still choose it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00139-00093180-00093676": "I know you care about me and my daughters", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00140-00093676-00094011": "but I can't change my mind now", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00141-00094011-00094361": "no matter what the result is, right?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00142-00094361-00094698": "I won't change my mind.", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00143-00094698-00095071": "I believe that something good will happen to me at last.", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00144-00095326-00095686": "Even if you have to abandon your children?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00145-00095686-00095943": "I won't do it, mother", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00146-00095943-00096178": "Good to hear", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00147-00096178-00096847": "Please try to come to visit them! Don't make them feel abandoned", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00148-00097204-00097635": "Mother, I won't come back here again", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00149-00097977-00098384": "Didn't you say you won't abandon them?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00150-00098384-00098731": "What are you thinking?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00151-00098731-00099536": "Are you willing to abandon us for your new man?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00152-00099536-00100230": "Be honest with me! Don't you have any sympathy for your children?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00153-00100230-00100743": "Do you have my blood running through your veins?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00154-00100940-00101487": "Parents got divorced when they were young", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00155-00101487-00101880": "They have to live with their grandmother", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00156-00101880-00102583": "They barely have a good meal because I can't afford to buy them anything", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00157-00103100-00103748": "Now, you want to marry a new husband and abandon them again?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00158-00103748-00104214": "Mom, please lower your voice! They might hear us", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00159-00104475-00104776": "What did you say to your children?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00160-00104776-00105155": "I know I'm not a good mother", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00161-00105155-00105566": "I don't think about my daughters", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00162-00105566-00106193": "I couldn't give them happiness", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00163-00106193-00106597": "I'm not a good mother", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00164-00106597-00106964": "but I want you to be a good grandmother", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00165-00106964-00107410": "I'm selfish that I prioritize my feelings", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00166-00107410-00108004": "I want to leave the past and start my life again", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00167-00108004-00108441": "I'm wrong to you.", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00168-00108441-00108869": "I just want to have a good life, mother", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00169-00108869-00109665": "I know I'm a bad mother but I want you to be a good mother for me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00170-00109665-00110225": "I know you love your granddaughters. I believe you can take good care of them", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00171-00110225-00110588": "You can do better than me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00172-00110588-00111020": "They will be better women if they stay here with you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00173-00111443-00111998": "Do whatever you want! I can't stop you from doing anything for a time", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00174-00112616-00112984": "Please take this", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00175-00112984-00113287": "Please take care of them for me!", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00176-00113287-00113644": "When I'm in a good place, I'll take them to live with me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00177-00114368-00114826": "SOVAN NIKA", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00178-00119258-00119709": "SOVAN NIKA", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00179-00121318-00121794": "Mom, I want you to comb my hair like this everyday", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00180-00121794-00122160": "Please come back to live with us", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00181-00122160-00122505": "You want to do this everyday too, right?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00182-00122505-00123114": "It's my wish. I want to comb your hair everyday", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00183-00123114-00123469": "until you get married", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00184-00123469-00123988": "I want you to marry a good man", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00185-00124233-00124795": "It's good. Our family will be happily ever after", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00186-00124795-00125219": "Please comb my hair like this everyday, mom", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00187-00125219-00125421": "Promise me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00188-00125714-00126057": "I promise I will be here for you guys", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00189-00126057-00126517": "I promise I will love you more and more", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00190-00126641-00126918": "Don't break your promise", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00191-00127334-00127865": "I feel good when you comb my hair. I want you to do this forever", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00192-00128133-00128578": "Ta, you know how busy I am", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00193-00128578-00128999": "Let's do this! Nika can comb your hair instead of me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00194-00128999-00129467": "Your hair is beautiful no matter who does it for you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00195-00129467-00129692": "it doesn't have to be me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00196-00129692-00130308": "No. I don't want anyone to do it except you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00197-00130308-00130664": "I want you to comb my hair for me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00198-00130664-00130930": "Ta, don't say that", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00199-00130930-00131237": "I cannot stay with you forever", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00200-00131237-00131891": "One day, you'll realize that many people can do it for you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00201-00131891-00132150": "instead of me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00202-00132150-00132644": "No. I want that person to be you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00203-00134551-00134844": "I love you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00204-00134844-00135325": "I love you as every mother loves their child", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00205-00135481-00135688": "but I...", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00206-00136566-00137066": "When my life is better, I'll come back for you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00207-00139813-00140070": "Are you really leaving us, mom?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00208-00141520-00141968": "After my marriage, I will not be able to see you again", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00209-00142295-00142827": "Don't worry about us! We can take care of ourselves", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00210-00142827-00143157": "I can take care of my younger sister for you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00211-00143157-00143604": "You leave us to work to raise us", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00212-00143604-00144000": "We can stay with grandma", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00213-00144143-00144657": "If you're success one day, just forget about me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00214-00144657-00144985": "Forget that I exist", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00215-00144985-00145497": "But if you have a hard time, please reach out to me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00216-00145497-00145880": "Becuase your failure is my fault", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00217-00146220-00146684": "Yes, mom. Don't worry about us! You did what you can for us", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00218-00146684-00146942": "You have never abandoned us", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00219-00146942-00147321": "I know you love us dearly", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00220-00147321-00148121": "You have to follow your heart. Don't care what others think!", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00221-00148121-00148453": "You have to believe in yourself", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00222-00148453-00148790": "Do you want to be an MC, right?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00223-00148790-00149461": "Although no one believe in you, I know you believe in yourself", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00224-00149461-00149783": "and you have to continue to believe in your dream", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00225-00149783-00150040": "Don't give up on your dream!", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00226-00150040-00150532": "You should work hard to get what you want", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00227-00150532-00150972": "I know you have a role model that you want to be like him/her", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00228-00150972-00151427": "Everyone starts from zero", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00229-00151427-00151911": "You should persue your dream", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00230-00151911-00152359": "Promise me, Don't ever give up on your dream, okay?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00231-00152359-00152759": "Find yourself! When you find your strength, you will achieve your dream", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00232-00152759-00153265": "You can't just keep walking in darkness", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00233-00153265-00153712": "Thanks, mom! I get it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00234-00153712-00154266": "To the holy spirits: Please take care of my mom", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00235-00154266-00154680": "I hope the path you choose lead you to the true happiness", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00236-00154680-00155121": "I wish you happy in your next journey", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00237-00155121-00155738": "Don't worry about us! We love you, mom.", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00238-00156027-00156350": "I love you too, Nika", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00239-00156350-00156904": "I believe in you. I hope you can find the happiness you want", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00240-00156904-00157209": "Goodbye, my dear!", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00241-00157636-00157993": "No, mom! Please don't leave me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00242-00157993-00158364": "If you leave me, who will fix Ka's hair in the morning", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00243-00158364-00158603": "Who will perform for me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00244-00158603-00158974": "Who will play with us", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00245-00158974-00159510": "Please don't leave us. I have no one else", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00246-00159510-00160120": "I might be strong in your eyes but I'm not strong", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00247-00160120-00160712": "You can have a new family and children", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00248-00160712-00161036": "but don't abandon us, mom", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00249-00161036-00161332": "We have no one else besides you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00250-00161332-00161870": "Please don't give me a hard time, Ka. I don't want to do that", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00251-00161870-00162298": "If it's hard, please don't do it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00252-00162298-00162655": "If it hurts, why do you do it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00253-00162655-00163190": "If leaving us is hard, please don't do it, mom", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00254-00164254-00164743": "Nika, you're still young. You don't get it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00255-00164743-00165572": "When you grow up, you will understand why I have to leave you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00256-00165572-00166327": "I do it for myself. I know I'm selfish", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00257-00166327-00167026": "but you will understand my reasons behind this", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00258-00167026-00167451": "You can hate me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00259-00167451-00167962": "I'm a bad mother. I don't deserve to be your mother", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00260-00167962-00168515": "If we meet again, you can pretend I'm not your mother", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00261-00168808-00169021": "No, mom", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00262-00170508-00170972": "SOVAN NIKA", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00263-00175396-00175901": "SOVAN NIKA", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00264-00176502-00176774": "If I stop you, I will still get the same result", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00265-00176774-00177119": "If I stop you, you will still leave us, right?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00266-00177119-00177672": "If I stop you, you will feel more guilty, right?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00267-00177672-00178195": "Am I doing the right thing?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00268-00179004-00179359": "Some people earn about 1000 KHR per day", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00269-00179359-00179711": "and some people earn about 10000 KHR per day", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00270-00179711-00180169": "while others can earn more than that", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00271-00180169-00180618": "So, the point is everyone is different", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00272-00180618-00181110": "Don't compare yourself to others", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00273-00181110-00181686": "I have an insight for you guys to achieve your dream faster", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00274-00181686-00182116": "First, you should to have a journal", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00275-00182116-00182513": "Write everything down in your journal", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00276-00182513-00182862": "and ask yourself three questions everyday", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00277-00182862-00183229": "First, ask yourself what have done for youself today ?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00278-00183229-00183642": "Second, ask yourself what have done for youself yesterday ?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00279-00183642-00184371": "and the last question is what is your future plan", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00280-00184371-00184857": "These are the questions that you should ask yourself everyday", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00281-00184857-00185243": "It will help remind you what your goals are", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00282-00185243-00185741": "It's time to say goodbye to our viewers", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00283-00185741-00186232": "Special thanks to my sister, Muta, for designing this outfit for me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00284-00186232-00186816": "It looks amazing. Thanks for watching!", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00285-00186928-00187312": "Wow, sis! You're amazing", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00286-00187312-00187674": "You are literally a star", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00287-00187674-00188096": "You will be the best MC ever", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00288-00188096-00188432": "You're amazing", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00289-00188432-00189049": "Thanks, sis! I know you did this to make me feel better", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00290-00189049-00189392": "You're a strong girl", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00291-00189392-00189649": "What are they doing?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00292-00189649-00190028": "Just useless stuff! Let's go back", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00293-00190028-00190699": "No matter what happens, you can still smile for you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00294-00190699-00191117": "If I were you, I couldn't do it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00295-00191117-00191681": "I'm your sister. I have to take care of my little girl", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00296-00191681-00192218": "From now on, I will take a very good care of you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00297-00192491-00193057": "Grandma might come back soon. We should go back", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00298-00193057-00193693": "Muta, I want to watch the MC project tonight. I can't go home now", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00299-00193693-00194055": "You should go back home first. I will go back later", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00300-00194055-00194283": "No, grandma might blame you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00301-00194283-00194482": "I'm get going now", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00302-00195184-00195532": "Met Sovan Nika, the guest speaker for tonights' show", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00303-00195532-00196059": "I'm an MC but I'm a guest speaker now. It's thrilling", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00304-00196059-00196429": "I have something special for everyone tonight", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00305-00196429-00196850": "I'll see everyone tonight", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00306-00197000-00197619": "I'm an MC but I'm a guest speaker now. It's thrilling", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00307-00197619-00197987": "Where did you just come back from?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00308-00197987-00198403": "Why did you leave your sister alone?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00309-00198403-00198758": "Luckily, I came back home early today", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00310-00198758-00199243": "If I was late, we might become homeless", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00311-00199243-00199812": "Don't tell me that you went to watch TV at our neighbor's home", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00312-00200926-00201345": "Am I right?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00313-00201667-00202051": "How many times do I have to tell you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00314-00202051-00202452": "Do you want me to tell you until I get stroke?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00315-00202452-00203001": "It's just a silly dream", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00316-00203001-00203335": "Just give up on that dream", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00317-00203335-00204025": "Look at your mother! She barely earn enough to support herself", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00318-00204025-00204375": "In the end, she ended up living depending on a man", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00319-00204375-00204800": "You should study hard when I still have energy", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00320-00204800-00205099": "to earn to support your study", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00321-00205099-00205807": "Don't be an idiot! Study hard and find a good job! That's it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00322-00205807-00206281": "That's enough for your life", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00323-00206281-00206801": "Stop daydreaming! It's not going to happen", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00324-00206801-00207188": "But mom supports me to follow my dream", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00325-00207188-00207667": "Did your mom raise you?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00326-00207667-00208253": "Don't forget that she abandons you. I raise you guys", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00327-00208253-00208599": "You should think about it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00328-00208599-00209245": "Look at people around you! No one has that stupid dream like yours", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00329-00209245-00209687": "Just listen to me! A cow needs to work in the field", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00330-00209687-00209993": "Don't expect too high", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00331-00209993-00210659": "Just study hard and find a job! That is it for a woman", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00332-00210659-00211001": "Stop your daydreaming", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00333-00211001-00211383": "but I don't want to follow you and my mom's path", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00334-00211383-00211712": "What do you mean?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00335-00211712-00212026": "What's wrong with it?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00336-00212026-00212534": "Do you think I'm just a widow who her husband divorced her", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00337-00212534-00212959": "Living with him is devastating. That's why I divorced your grandpa", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00338-00212959-00213303": "I don't want you to choose the wrong path", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00339-00213303-00213969": "I want you guys to have a good life. I don't want you to be like me", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00340-00213969-00214264": "Do you get it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00341-00214264-00214779": "Do you know why your mother supports your silly dream?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00342-00214779-00215271": "If you don't know, I'll tell you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00343-00215271-00215697": "You look like your mother 10 years ago", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00344-00215697-00216268": "Your mother was spolied and went out at night every night", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00345-00216268-00216676": "Her eyes looked like your eyes right now", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00346-00216676-00217109": "Do you know what she got in the end?", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00347-00217109-00217441": "Is mom....", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00348-00217441-00217757": "Stop it! I don't want to talk about it", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00349-00217757-00218276": "You should know that if her dream comes true, she won't abandon you", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00350-00218276-00218593": "You guys wouldn't be born as well", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00351-00218593-00218947": "Listen, Nika", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00352-00218947-00219495": "Focus on your study! You will find a good man to spend the rest of life with", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00353-00219495-00219984": "It will be enough for a woman", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00354-00219984-00220471": "Don't expect too high! You will fall down hard", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00355-00220471-00221031": "Grandma, I will prove to you that it's not just a silly dream", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00356-00227192-00227428": "SASTRA FILM", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00357-00227428-00232755": "NEXT EPISODE", "5EQqv8PKzf8-00358-00232755-00234007": "Subtitle Translation by Malen En"}}, {"audio_id": "5Fn668myN1M", "text": {"5Fn668myN1M-00000-00000409-00000609": "I know that Pablo had many girlfriends.", "5Fn668myN1M-00001-00000609-00000703": "A lot of women.", "5Fn668myN1M-00002-00000763-00000963": "We always met his most shy side.", "5Fn668myN1M-00003-00001350-00001459": "He is overwhelming.", "5Fn668myN1M-00004-00001500-00001600": "When he went from introversion", "5Fn668myN1M-00005-00001731-00001931": "to the person he is today...", "5Fn668myN1M-00006-00002750-00002850": "The woman of my dreams", "5Fn668myN1M-00007-00002850-00002964": "Coming soon"}}, {"audio_id": "5FeGokyfR0U", "text": {"5FeGokyfR0U-00000-00000068-00000273": "Section 7.3 example 6.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00001-00000347-00000563": "So we have one more example of a hyperbola.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00002-00000563-00001001": "We want to find the equation of a hyperbola with vertices to 0", "5FeGokyfR0U-00003-00001001-00001378": "and 2 negative 6 and then we also know the hyperbola passes", "5FeGokyfR0U-00004-00001383-00001788": "through 10 to so let's start with the vertices.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00005-00001841-00002057": "I like to sketch a graph because it just helps me figure", "5FeGokyfR0U-00006-00002057-00002126": "out what's going on.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00007-00002188-00002896": "So we're going to go 220 and we'll go to to negative 6,", "5FeGokyfR0U-00008-00002968-00003114": "so this tells me it's vertical.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00009-00003227-00003507": "It also tells me the center is not 0 0.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00010-00003539-00003971": "Which makes it more work, but we can still do this.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00011-00004037-00004230": "So we're going to have a vertical hyperbola", "5FeGokyfR0U-00012-00004241-00004578": "because my vertices go up and down.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00013-00004618-00004761": "So it looks something like that.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00014-00004790-00005154": "It'll go up at 2 0 and down at 2 negative 2.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00015-00005164-00005416": "I also know that the center is exactly", "5FeGokyfR0U-00016-00005416-00005632": "in between the two vertices.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00017-00005719-00006008": "So rather than using formulas and overwhelming myself", "5FeGokyfR0U-00018-00006008-00006118": "and messing up formulas.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00019-00006156-00006260": "I'm just going to count.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00020-00006354-00006771": "So this is 0 and this is negative 6 so halfway", "5FeGokyfR0U-00021-00006771-00006919": "in between would be negative 3", "5FeGokyfR0U-00022-00006946-00007176": "so the center would be to negative 3.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00023-00007197-00007537": "I highly recommend just graphing and Counting.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00024-00007572-00007713": "There's so many formulas there.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00025-00007713-00008022": "So many HS and KS and A's and B's and you're going", "5FeGokyfR0U-00026-00008022-00008199": "to get really overwhelmed with these formulas.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00027-00008233-00008566": "I teach math and I don't even know all these formulas.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00028-00008566-00008936": "I know this more from Counting.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00029-00008936-00008993": "So let's see.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00030-00009005-00009266": "Let's set up the general formula for the hyper people.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00031-00009278-00009481": "Probably purple Le we at least need that equation.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00032-00009481-00010254": "So since its vertical y comes first, so we have y minus k y -", "5FeGokyfR0U-00033-00010294-00010625": "K squared over a squared.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00034-00010641-00010819": "You can hear my dog shaking in the background", "5FeGokyfR0U-00035-00010874-00011386": "and then we do minus x minus H squared over B squared equals 1.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00036-00011460-00011799": "So we need to figure out all these values we know H and K.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00037-00011919-00012239": "Because we know the center so that's good.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00038-00012239-00012381": "We just need to find a and b", "5FeGokyfR0U-00039-00012393-00012810": "so it's a little bit backwards thinking now.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00040-00012876-00013374": "So we learned that a is the distance if we go", "5FeGokyfR0U-00041-00013374-00014028": "from the center a is the distance to the vertices.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00042-00014047-00014375": "So again, I'm trying to do this without formulas", "5FeGokyfR0U-00043-00014375-00014609": "because the formulas there's so many and we might mix", "5FeGokyfR0U-00044-00014609-00014771": "and match horizontal and vertical.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00045-00014800-00015169": "So a is the distance between the foca.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00046-00015234-00015829": "the vertices and Center So again, I'm just going to count.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00047-00015829-00016118": "It's so much easier formulas are overwhelming.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00048-00016133-00016270": "So it's just one two, three.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00049-00016297-00016403": "One two, three.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00050-00016415-00016704": "So a is 3 if you're trying to use a formula,", "5FeGokyfR0U-00051-00016704-00016893": "I think you'll be convinced them.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00052-00016919-00016988": "This is easier.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00053-00017004-00017318": "So let's plug in what we know and then maybe we'll figure", "5FeGokyfR0U-00054-00017318-00017619": "out how to find be the problem with B is B is counting", "5FeGokyfR0U-00055-00017619-00017729": "to the left and right here", "5FeGokyfR0U-00056-00017761-00017909": "and we just don't have any information.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00057-00018011-00018639": "So we have y and it'll be plus 3 4 minus negative 3 squared", "5FeGokyfR0U-00058-00018686-00019284": "over a squared which is 9 so y plus three squared over 9", "5FeGokyfR0U-00059-00019284-00019743": "and then we get x minus 2 squared because H is 2", "5FeGokyfR0U-00060-00019756-00019907": "over B squared equals 1", "5FeGokyfR0U-00061-00019907-00020446": "and so the final thing we know is we know a point on the curve.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00062-00020446-00021061": "We know that the curve goes through 10 negative 210, too.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00063-00021141-00021282": "so we'll just pretend If This Were", "5FeGokyfR0U-00064-00021282-00021406": "to scale it would probably looks", "5FeGokyfR0U-00065-00021406-00021626": "like it's probably way wider than I drew it.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00066-00021726-00022082": "So that 10 to shows up on it?", "5FeGokyfR0U-00067-00022194-00022429": "So 10 and 2.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00068-00022465-00023506": "So we can use that to actually solve for b. So what we're going", "5FeGokyfR0U-00069-00023506-00024007": "to do is we have 10 to will plug in 10 for X. We'll plug in 2", "5FeGokyfR0U-00070-00024012-00024590": "for y and then we can solve for b so we get Y is 2", "5FeGokyfR0U-00071-00024590-00025358": "So we get two plus three squared over 9 we get X is 10", "5FeGokyfR0U-00072-00025385-00025871": "so we get minus 10 minus 2 squared over B squared equals 1", "5FeGokyfR0U-00073-00025871-00025988": "and then we'll solve for b.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00074-00026021-00026505": "So I think the hardest part here is there's no", "5FeGokyfR0U-00075-00026505-00026604": "like one direct route.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00076-00026620-00026781": "Right? It's a little bit of guess and check", "5FeGokyfR0U-00077-00026781-00026969": "and just getting familiar with formulas", "5FeGokyfR0U-00078-00027040-00027325": "and you might not necessarily do this the correct way", "5FeGokyfR0U-00079-00027325-00027417": "in the beginning.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00080-00027417-00027605": "But if you make a mess just start over", "5FeGokyfR0U-00081-00027643-00027772": "but let's see where this takes us.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00082-00027850-00028451": "So we get 5 squared we get 25 over 9 minus 8 squared or 64", "5FeGokyfR0U-00083-00028451-00028973": "over B squared equals 1 So I don't I'm going to multiply", "5FeGokyfR0U-00084-00028973-00029234": "by 9 B squared to get rid of the denominator.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00085-00029272-00030424": "So 9B squared we get 9 B squared times 25 over 9.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00086-00030429-00030724": "So that's 25b squared the nine cancels out.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00087-00030740-00031130": "With the second term that be squares cancel out.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00088-00031130-00031420": "So we get 64 times 9 which will find in a second.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00089-00031491-00031781": "And then we get equals 9B squared.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00090-00031992-00032619": "So 64 x 9 I have no idea 576", "5FeGokyfR0U-00091-00032641-00033190": "so 25b squared minus five seventy six equals 9 B squared.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00092-00033266-00033406": "So let's just do some quick algebra.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00093-00033406-00034207": "Plus 576 plus 576 and then - 9B squared minus 90 squared.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00094-00034276-00035272": "So 25 minus 9 gives me 16 B squared equals 576", "5FeGokyfR0U-00095-00035272-00035649": "and then we'll divide by 16.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00096-00035669-00036027": "Hopefully this is a nice number and it's 36.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00097-00036038-00036236": "So that ugly mess is 36.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00098-00036241-00036502": "So be is just 6.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00099-00036807-00037248": "So just isolating B squared and then we don't ya and then", "5FeGokyfR0U-00100-00037300-00037595": "so be is 6 and so we can just plug into this equation.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00101-00037657-00038137": "So our equation for a hyperbola is y plus three squared", "5FeGokyfR0U-00102-00038137-00038652": "over 9 minus x minus 2 over 36", "5FeGokyfR0U-00103-00038695-00038937": "and that x minus 2 squared equals 1", "5FeGokyfR0U-00104-00038954-00039202": "And that's what's making it.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00105-00039202-00039539": "So wide is that the exes are going out farther.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00106-00039546-00039967": "So 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00107-00040041-00040389": "So if we were to do that Ox box, it's really wide.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00108-00040443-00041275": "So we have really like Our asymptotes are really slow", "5FeGokyfR0U-00109-00041275-00041446": "growing which is what makes this so wide", "5FeGokyfR0U-00110-00041514-00041655": "but that wasn't part of the question.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00111-00041655-00041839": "So that's our equation of our hyperbola.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00112-00041889-00042074": "So this section just takes practice.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00113-00042074-00042522": "I highly recommend the ox box completing the square might need", "5FeGokyfR0U-00114-00042522-00042578": "some practice.", "5FeGokyfR0U-00115-00042578-00042698": "That's a really important skill", "5FeGokyfR0U-00116-00042798-00043117": "and these are really important graphs in calculus 3,", "5FeGokyfR0U-00117-00043187-00043312": "so let me know if you have any questions."}}, {"audio_id": "5FGP25RATjy", "text": {"5FGP25RATjy-00000-00000101-00000710": "Hello everyone, and welcome to this course understanding and managing emotions.", "5FGP25RATjy-00001-00000710-00001283": "It is appreciated to have you here, to learn how to control your emotions", "5FGP25RATjy-00002-00001283-00001709": "which will help you make better decisions, big or small.", "5FGP25RATjy-00003-00001710-00002670": "Understanding our emotions allows us to become aware of triggers, and gain insights on how to respond in constructive ways.", "5FGP25RATjy-00004-00002670-00003546": "In short, upon completing this course you will be able to Understand and describe different emotions that you feel.", "5FGP25RATjy-00005-00003546-00004213": "also apply useful strategies, for managing your and others’ emotions.", "5FGP25RATjy-00006-00004213-00004866": "This course comes in 5 modules, all the modules have the same sequence and components", "5FGP25RATjy-00007-00004866-00005749": "and each module begins with its’ learning objectives to keep you aligned with target areas, and what expected to learn.", "5FGP25RATjy-00008-00005893-00006406": "As we see in module 5, learning objectives are two learning objectives", "5FGP25RATjy-00009-00006406-00006693": "Apply simple strategies for managing others' emotions.", "5FGP25RATjy-00010-00006780-00007259": "Develop a mindmap of managing others' emotions strategies.", "5FGP25RATjy-00011-00007500-00007900": "After learning objectives, there is one lecture per module,", "5FGP25RATjy-00012-00007900-00008516": "designed in different ways like videos, interactive units, and so on.", "5FGP25RATjy-00013-00008516-00008999": "All videos included closed captions for more accessibility.", "5FGP25RATjy-00014-00009000-00009830": "After that there is an activity that is required to develop a mind map for managing others’ emotion strategies", "5FGP25RATjy-00015-00009830-00010176": "as a reflection on what you have learned.", "5FGP25RATjy-00016-00010176-00010849": "These activities will give you the chance to construct and organize what you have learned on your own.", "5FGP25RATjy-00017-00010850-00011756": "It is taken into consideration that the course is presented simply, far from complex scientific terms or psychological theories.", "5FGP25RATjy-00018-00011756-00012269": "It is not about theories; it is all about practicing.", "5FGP25RATjy-00019-00012270-00013126": "So, for more practice, there are discussion activities that provide you with real situations and case studies,", "5FGP25RATjy-00020-00013126-00013429": "to apply what you have learned practically.", "5FGP25RATjy-00021-00013430-00013830": "And share your experience and knowledge with your peers.", "5FGP25RATjy-00022-00014110-00014916": "Finally, there is a knowledge check covering two modules, and you will get immediate feedback for your answer.", "5FGP25RATjy-00023-00014916-00015546": "This was a journey through one of the course modules and it is expected after finishing this course,", "5FGP25RATjy-00024-00015546-00015946": "you can go through your life with a different perspective,", "5FGP25RATjy-00025-00015950-00016350": "and reflect on what you have learned in daily life situations.", "5FGP25RATjy-00026-00016453-00016799": "Hope you have a good learning experience"}}, {"audio_id": "5FP2osMNK_u", "text": {"5FP2osMNK_u-00000-00001528-00001910": "Hello again! One final lesson on attribute selection.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00001-00001910-00002300": "You're probably getting a bit fed up with attribute selection by now, but you know it's", "5FP2osMNK_u-00002-00002300-00002411": "really important.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00003-00002411-00002927": "It's one of those things that can really improve the performance of machine-learning methods,", "5FP2osMNK_u-00004-00002927-00003288": "and more importantly, it really improves the understandability.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00005-00003288-00003829": "You know, you select out some attributes--it's easy to explain to other people what you've", "5FP2osMNK_u-00006-00003829-00004212": "done to get such good performance on their data set.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00007-00004212-00004454": "Attribute selection is pretty important.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00008-00004454-00005154": "We're going to look in this lesson at fast attribute selection using ranking.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00009-00005164-00005594": "Remember before in the last lesson we looked at attribute subset selection, which involves", "5FP2osMNK_u-00010-00005594-00006228": "a subset evaluation measure and a search method, and we were looking for rapid subset evaluation", "5FP2osMNK_u-00011-00006228-00006269": "methods.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00012-00006269-00006613": "The Wrapper method is very slow, and we were looking for faster alternatives.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00013-00006613-00006909": "But, of course, searching is slow.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00014-00006909-00007197": "So we're not doing any searching now.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00015-00007197-00007705": "We're going to use a single-attribute evaluator, that doesn't evaluate a subset, it evaluates", "5FP2osMNK_u-00016-00007705-00007970": "each attribute individually.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00017-00007970-00008671": "This can help eliminate irrelevant attributes, but it can't remove redundant attributes,", "5FP2osMNK_u-00018-00008682-00009207": "because it's only looking at individual attributes, one at a time.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00019-00009207-00009767": "You need to choose the ranking search method whenever you select a single-attribute evaluator.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00020-00009767-00010253": "The ranking search method doesn't really search, it just sorts them into rank order of the", "5FP2osMNK_u-00021-00010253-00010728": "evaluation.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00022-00010728-00011115": "We've seen several metrics for evaluating attributes before.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00023-00011115-00011453": "We looked in the last course at OneR, ages ago.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00024-00011453-00012131": "Remember OneR? It's effectively a method of ranking attributes.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00025-00012131-00012442": "In Weka, there are attribute selection methods based on all of these.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00026-00012442-00012739": "The OneR attribute evaluator.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00027-00012739-00013415": "C4.5, what we know as J48 in Weka, uses information gain, so there's an information gain attribute", "5FP2osMNK_u-00028-00013415-00013515": "evaluator.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00029-00013515-00014147": "Actually, it uses gain ratio, slightly more complex than information gain, and there's", "5FP2osMNK_u-00030-00014147-00014486": "also a gain ratio attribute evaluator.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00031-00014486-00015161": "In the last lesson we saw the CfsSubsetEvaluation method, and that uses symmetric uncertainty,", "5FP2osMNK_u-00032-00015161-00015681": "so there is a symmetric uncertainty attribute evaluator in Weka.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00033-00015681-00015840": "The ranker search method is very simple.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00034-00015840-00016268": "It just sorts attributes according to their evaluation, and you can specify the number", "5FP2osMNK_u-00035-00016268-00016440": "of attributes to retain.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00036-00016440-00017015": "The default is to retain them all, or you can ask it to discard attributes whose evaluation", "5FP2osMNK_u-00037-00017015-00017618": "falls below a certain threshold, or you can specify a certain set of attributes that you", "5FP2osMNK_u-00038-00017618-00017715": "want to ignore.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00039-00017715-00017948": "Let's have a look.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00040-00017948-00018479": "Let's compare GainRatioAttributeEval with the other methods we looked at in the last", "5FP2osMNK_u-00041-00018479-00018761": "lesson, on the ionosphere data.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00042-00018761-00019373": "The gray part of this, the no attribute selection and CfsSubsetEval and wrapper, those results", "5FP2osMNK_u-00043-00019373-00019623": "we got before in the last lesson.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00044-00019623-00019845": "We're just going to look at the GainRatioAttributeEval.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00045-00019845-00020223": "I'm going to go to Weka.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00046-00020223-00020408": "I've got my ionosphere dataset.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00047-00020408-00021108": "Of course, I'm going to use the AttributeSelectedClassifier to get a fair evaluation.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00048-00021281-00021568": "Meta > AttributeSelectedClassifier.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00049-00021568-00022268": "Here I'm going to specify--let's just use Naive Bayes to start off with.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00050-00022692-00023392": "I'm going to use a GainRatioAttributeEval.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00051-00023490-00024190": "If I just run that, it's not going to work: the attribute evaluators must use the Ranker", "5FP2osMNK_u-00052-00024228-00024323": "search method.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00053-00024323-00024954": "Sorry about that, I should have specified here the Ranker search method.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00054-00024954-00025381": "There are a couple of parameters.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00055-00025381-00025686": "The number to select: -1 means select them all.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00056-00025686-00025926": "It's not really very useful to select them all.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00057-00025926-00026249": "I'm going to select 7 attributes for this.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00058-00026249-00026450": "We could have a set to ignore.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00059-00026450-00027092": "This threshold here, this bizarre number, is actually minus infinity in Java, so that's", "5FP2osMNK_u-00060-00027092-00027472": "it why it's such a strange number.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00061-00027472-00027606": "That's all I need to do.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00062-00027606-00028150": "I'm going to run that, and I get 89-90% accuracy.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00063-00028150-00028702": "Let's go back to the slide and compare this.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00064-00028702-00029402": "So last time with Naive Bayes I got 83% accuracy, and then 89% with CfsSubsetEvaluation, 91%", "5FP2osMNK_u-00065-00029550-00030250": "with the Wrapper selection method, and with this new method GainRatioAttributeEval, a", "5FP2osMNK_u-00066-00030416-00030647": "single-attribute evaluator, I get 90%.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00067-00030647-00031106": "Fantastic performance for a method that's lightning fast.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00068-00031106-00031444": "For IBk, the performance is really not very good.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00069-00031444-00031783": "It's just the same as IBk without any attribute selection.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00070-00031783-00032462": "For J48, it's the same as J48 without any attribute selection.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00071-00032462-00033019": "Single-attribute selection is lightning fast but very sensitive to the number of attributes.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00072-00033019-00033465": "I chose 7 here because it turned out to be a good number for this problem.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00073-00033465-00034024": "There are a lot of single-attribute evaluators in Weka.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00074-00034024-00034336": "We talked about the first four a minute ago.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00075-00034336-00034890": "There's one based on the chi-squared test, one based on support vector machines, one", "5FP2osMNK_u-00076-00034890-00035410": "instance-based evaluator, principal components transform, and latent semantic analysis.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00077-00035410-00035980": "The workings of these are all explained in the papers that are referenced in the More", "5FP2osMNK_u-00078-00035980-00036224": "button for that attribute evaluator.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00079-00036224-00036785": "There are also meta-evaluators, which incorporate other operations.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00080-00036785-00036888": "That's it.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00081-00036888-00037337": "We've seen that attribute subset selection involves searching, which is bound to be slow", "5FP2osMNK_u-00082-00037337-00037850": "no matter how quickly you can evaluate the subsets, so instead we can use single-attribute", "5FP2osMNK_u-00083-00037850-00037903": "evaluation.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00084-00037903-00038272": "It involves ranking, which is really fast.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00085-00038272-00038641": "It's hard to specify a suitable cut-off, you need to do experimentation.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00086-00038641-00038809": "It doesn't cope with redundant attributes.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00087-00038809-00039412": "For example, if you have copies of an attribute, then they will be repeatedly selected, because", "5FP2osMNK_u-00088-00039412-00039668": "attributes are evaluated individually.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00089-00039668-00040074": "Many single-attribute evaluators are based on machine-learning methods we've already", "5FP2osMNK_u-00090-00040074-00040274": "looked at.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00091-00040274-00040727": "The activity associated with this lesson is really worth doing, because it gives you really", "5FP2osMNK_u-00092-00040727-00040897": "remarkable result.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00093-00040897-00041413": "It uses this attribute selection method on a document classification system, and it gets", "5FP2osMNK_u-00094-00041413-00041708": "stunningly good results with just 2 attributes.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00095-00041708-00042408": "I was very surprised when I set up this activity to see how well you could do using this method.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00096-00042466-00042584": "Please go ahead and do that.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00097-00042584-00043064": "You'll be surprised and impressed, and we'll see you in the next lesson.", "5FP2osMNK_u-00098-00043064-00043234": "Bye for now!"}}, {"audio_id": "5FPIgTlG97y", "text": {"5FPIgTlG97y-00000-00000000-00000200": "Alter recors in table in SQL"}}, {"audio_id": "5FV-rGazQ5M", "text": {"5FV-rGazQ5M-00000-00000000-00000358": "I consider George Carlin to be a mentor.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00001-00000358-00000626": "I did get to interact with him on stage once", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00002-00000626-00000942": "which not many people can say they've done.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00003-00000942-00001076": "He did a famous routine about", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00004-00001076-00001508": "the seven words you can't say on TV.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00005-00001508-00001760": "I would hope we aren't so prudish anymore but", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00006-00001760-00001954": "that's still the standard.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00007-00001954-00002400": "My titties are fake. (No) (woooo) (no way)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00008-00002400-00002632": "since I use some of words", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00009-00002632-00003060": "we have had to censor this video for your protection.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00010-00003060-00003397": "So when you don't hear one of those magic words", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00011-00003397-00003690": "you'll get to hear something equally obscene", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00012-00003690-00003964": "but 100% legal [ believe me ]", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00013-00003964-00004142": "[ the smart people would say that's a great thing ]", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00014-00004142-00004240": "[ Trump Trump Trump ]", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00015-00004240-00004410": "[The President of the United States ]", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00016-00004410-00004802": "Donald Trump enjoy", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00017-00004802-00005252": "Right now, coming to the stage Mr. Honesty", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00018-00005252-00005616": "Give it up for Mr. Honesty", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00019-00005616-00006098": "Mr. Honesty", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00020-00006098-00006626": "Unveiling a sleek, all-new design from the ground up.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00021-00006626-00006970": "A decorative fantasy with real-world performance.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00022-00006970-00007222": "An aerodynamic spectacle of beauty", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00023-00007222-00007456": "integrating a new generation power plant", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00024-00007456-00007642": "with a little something extra", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00025-00007642-00007895": "for superior weight to power ratio.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00026-00007895-00008056": "What am I talking about?", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00027-00008056-00008296": "It'sa great deal for the model year.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00028-00008296-00008894": "Its the all-new Mr. Honesty (applause)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00029-00008894-00009248": "High speed tranny, but no brakes", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00030-00009248-00009894": "Dual air bags, with a flat underbody and super suspension for a memorable ride.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00031-00009894-00010182": "(laughter)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00032-00010182-00010440": "Which brings us to the subject of today's lecture", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00033-00010440-00011046": "Bovine solid waste emissions, otherwise known as bull [ believe me]", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00034-00011046-00011236": "(laughter)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00035-00011236-00011530": "We live in a society where deceit is rampant", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00036-00011530-00011824": "where \"trust\" is just a name on a bank.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00037-00011824-00012196": "I hope to change that by telling the truth.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00038-00012196-00012558": "So I'd like to all to go to chapter three in . . .", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00039-00012558-00012891": "Did you forget your textbooks today?", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00040-00012891-00013219": "You don't want to be a \"don't bee\" and forget your materials.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00041-00013219-00013469": "(laughter)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00042-00013469-00013888": "Its Doobies that make me forget things", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00043-00013888-00014022": "(drag)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00044-00014022-00014469": "Wow man.  That's heavy. (laughter)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00045-00014469-00014994": "The number one item on the commodity exchange is bull [believe me].", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00046-00014994-00015141": "Actually you don't see it", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00047-00015141-00015596": "Its like Archer Daniels Midland. It's in everything else we do.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00048-00015596-00015756": "You can get it raw.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00049-00015756-00016026": "You can get it processed or reprocessed.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00050-00016026-00016347": "Americans are particularly good at reprocessing bull [ believe me ]", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00051-00016347-00016572": "because if it works the first time", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00052-00016572-00016948": "they'll keep bringing it back over and over again", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00053-00016948-00017556": "until it gets refined into pure, unadulterated, Grade A, top tier, bull [ believe me folks ]", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00054-00017556-00017968": "(laughter)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00055-00017968-00018214": "Smell the aroma", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00056-00018214-00018578": "Feel the consistency", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00057-00018578-00018936": "Bull [ believe me ] is at the core of most business plans", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00058-00018936-00019578": "Actually fraud is at the core. Bull [ believe me ] is the means by which they execute it.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00059-00019578-00019826": "We don't really manufacture anything here anymore.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00060-00019826-00020162": "We sent those jobs off to children in China", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00061-00020162-00020540": "because the adults actually want to get paid real money.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00062-00020540-00021076": "But we will stay up late manufacturing bull [ believe me ]", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00063-00021076-00021304": "Think about the cigarette industry,", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00064-00021304-00021686": "oil, the military industrial complex,", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00065-00021686-00021932": "religion, news, politics", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00066-00021932-00022254": "That's just a tease (laughter)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00067-00022254-00022698": "Bull [ believe me ] is everywhere, so you have to recognize where it is", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00068-00022698-00023140": "First you have to progressively aggregate the process-centric infastructure", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00069-00023140-00023542": "synergistically simplify the leading edge of e-business.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00070-00023542-00023998": "Elongate our e-commerce into new e-markets", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00071-00023998-00024526": "Be elastic enough to elicit the emotional effectiveness", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00072-00024526-00025010": "of each of our evolving e-specialties.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00073-00025010-00025260": "Did you understand a word of that?", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00074-00025260-00025384": "No.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00075-00025384-00025876": "Because it was elaborate alliterative e-bull [ believe me ]", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00076-00025876-00026226": "Does anybody have a job? (yes)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00077-00026226-00026633": "So what? You work for corporation? (yes)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00078-00026633-00026906": "So then you get the employee manual", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00079-00026906-00027294": "And you have to memorize your corporate line of bull [ believe me ]", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00080-00027294-00027854": "(laughter)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00081-00027854-00028308": "It makes you feel like a puppet. (laughter)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00082-00028308-00028562": "You need your paycheck but", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00083-00028562-00029195": "every word they give you, shoves that hand further up your [ both sides ] (laughter)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00084-00029195-00029438": "It sure makes it hard to think.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00085-00029438-00029702": "You know even the voice of Kermit the Frog", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00086-00029702-00030168": "was fired for having the audacity to think for himself.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00087-00030168-00030536": "(laughter) (aw)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00088-00030536-00030768": "So you think you can step around the bull [believe me ]", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00089-00030768-00031108": "ask your friends online", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00090-00031108-00031422": "[ believe me ]", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00091-00031422-00031620": "Who do you trust?", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00092-00031620-00031976": "For every well-intentioned source of good information", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00093-00031976-00032489": "there is another force out there wishing to corrupt and redirect it.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00094-00032489-00032952": "Come to the dark side. (laughter)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00095-00032952-00033500": "You like Angie's List, Yelp, Amazon product reviews?", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00096-00033500-00033832": "There are services that will manage your appearance there.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00097-00033832-00034298": "The can sprinkle fairy dust and rainbows or defamation", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00098-00034298-00034618": "all for one low price.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00099-00034618-00035366": "Breathe deep. You don't know which is right, and which is an illusion.", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00100-00035366-00036008": "and you can't warn anybody because they think you're bull [ believe me ]", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00101-00036008-00036210": "Sure you don't want to step in the dog [ believe me ] along the way", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00102-00036210-00036436": "but that's just chicken [ believe me ], because", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00103-00036436-00036828": "the people who want to sell you [ believe me ] go ape [ believe me ] for bull [ believe me ]", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00104-00036828-00037872": "(laughter) Thank you, I'm Mr. Honesty (applause)", "5FV-rGazQ5M-00105-00037872-00038232": "Mr. Honesty, telling the truth"}}, {"audio_id": "5GgZmF7Fcqu", "text": {"5GgZmF7Fcqu-00000-00000000-00000200": "That's the first smart choice you made today."}}, {"audio_id": "5Ge6m1lVbBo", "text": {"5Ge6m1lVbBo-00000-00000000-00000200": "R7 5800X3D vs R7 5800X RTX 3090"}}, {"audio_id": "5GX-fjOFUe8", "text": {"5GX-fjOFUe8-00000-00000366-00000839": "Today I'm going to spend some time in the harbour, because I'm writing a novel and it's", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00001-00000841-00001170": "set in Wollongong Harbour.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00002-00001172-00001365": "So this is quite important.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00003-00001367-00001953": "It's like going there and just thinking about the things that brought me a lot of comfort", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00004-00001955-00002645": "when I first arrived in Australia - the water, the lighthouse, and, of course, the people", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00005-00002647-00003111": "and all those different voices speak in different language, having a good time together", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00006-00003113-00003264": "on the beach.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00007-00003265-00003749": "And it reminds you, yeah, Wollongong is such a multicultural city.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00008-00003751-00003933": "It's a new way of looking at the world.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00009-00003935-00004732": "It's exciting.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00010-00006444-00006923": "I grew up in at the foot of an active volcano - Mt Mayon.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00011-00006926-00007220": "That is in the Philippines.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00012-00007223-00007737": "And I'm the eldest in a family of four children.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00013-00007739-00008090": "My parents nurtured in us the love for stories, for books.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00014-00008092-00008280": "Probably that's why I became a writer.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00015-00008282-00008882": "We didn't have much money to go around but they made sure we had books.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00016-00008884-00009440": "I came to Wollongong in 1991 to do my doctorate at the University of Wollongong because I", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00017-00009442-00009717": "received an Australian study grant.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00018-00009719-00010326": "And when I first arrived, I realized that, in a way, the landscape of Wollongong mirrors", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00019-00010328-00010642": "my original home.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00020-00010644-00011328": "Wollongong is also a regional, coastal city - sitting between the escarpment and the", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00021-00011330-00011588": "Pacific.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00022-00011590-00012163": "The study grant that I received from Australia and the fact that I was already working", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00023-00012165-00012760": "for 10 years as an academic in the Philippines facilitated my coming to Australia.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00024-00012762-00013460": "Everyone was helpful and eventually I did my three years here and when I was finishing my", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00025-00013462-00013902": "degree there was a teaching position open in creative writing.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00026-00013904-00014279": "I applied for it, I got it.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00027-00014281-00014493": "First year I could not write.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00028-00014494-00014651": "I had a writer's block.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00029-00014653-00014857": "I found the winter too cold.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00030-00014859-00015304": "And when you're cold physically, you're lonely, it was just so hard.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00031-00015306-00015644": "The way I dealt with that, is to run.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00032-00015646-00016031": "Every day I ran to the lighthouse so that helped me survive.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00033-00016033-00016506": "But there were moments when I'd just sit in my empty flat crying.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00034-00016508-00017269": "So I have great sympathy  - who leave home to strange territory -  it takes a lot.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00035-00017271-00017821": "Some people come to Australia, hang on to their permanent residencies and then keep", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00036-00017823-00018112": "their citizenship from the original country.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00037-00018114-00018425": "My belief is that Australia's been good to me.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00038-00018427-00018655": "I believe that you have to give it some loyalty.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00039-00018657-00018918": "It's also the feeling of belonging.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00040-00018920-00019425": "I'm an Australian but that doesn't make me any less of a Filipino.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00041-00019427-00020200": "One has to remember this: the heart has enough space to accommodate the two languages,", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00042-00020202-00020922": "the two sensibilities and the idea of being transnational.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00043-00020924-00021335": "Being a transnational is like being a river flowing between two banks.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00044-00021337-00021886": "You get, you know, nurtured by the two banks but the water has its own life.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00045-00021888-00022281": "You are able to create new stories.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00046-00022283-00022902": "I went to the Illawarra Fly Tree-Top Walk; it's a fascinating place.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00047-00022904-00023389": "You're literally walking on top of trees.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00048-00023391-00023532": "It's incredible.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00049-00023534-00024329": "Here in the tree tops I run into one of my students from 25 years ago in the Philippines,", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00050-00024331-00024653": "at the University of Santo Tomas, and she recognised me.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00051-00024655-00024863": "Incredible, isn't it?", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00052-00024865-00025249": "I'd like to believe that my greatest contribution is not so much as a writer, but as a", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00053-00025251-00025642": "teacher of creative writing.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00054-00025644-00026364": "As a teacher of creative writing, I nurture sensibilities of Australia's students and", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00055-00026366-00026748": "help them tell their own stories.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00056-00026750-00027422": "I have been successful in my writing and performance in Australia.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00057-00027424-00027848": "I think career-wise, I have been quite blessed and I got that in Australia.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00058-00027850-00028458": "I'm very grateful for that, but, of course, you know, I'd like to believe that Australia", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00059-00028461-00028900": "is getting something back from me and from all its migrants.", "5GX-fjOFUe8-00060-00028902-00030002": "We all contribute to the community."}}, {"audio_id": "5HO82B1-Nfk", "text": {"5HO82B1-Nfk-00000-00000500-00000836": "At the outflow pipe of the Nogales International Wastewater Treatment Plant,", "5HO82B1-Nfk-00001-00000836-00001200": "hydrologist Finnian Freeling is collecting water samples.", "5HO82B1-Nfk-00002-00001276-00001846": "The samples will be tested for the presence and concentration of organic pollutants called emerging contaminants.", "5HO82B1-Nfk-00003-00002018-00002528": "“Emerging contaminants” are pollutants that have not traditionally been tested for during water quality sampling.", "5HO82B1-Nfk-00004-00002614-00003060": "Because of this, they may not be adequately cleansed by current wastewater treatment methods.", "5HO82B1-Nfk-00005-00003118-00003656": "Examples include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, and illicit drugs.", "5HO82B1-Nfk-00006-00003850-00004078": "The results of this testing will establish a reference point,", "5HO82B1-Nfk-00007-00004122-00004614": "allowing future sampling to detect possible changes in chemical composition of the water."}}, {"audio_id": "5IdFgjiG9d0", "text": {"5IdFgjiG9d0-00000-00000013-00000446": "Hey, friends, big news. Everybody gets a free new synth.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00001-00000453-00001010": "No, I'm serious. Everybody who has Lite, Intro, Standard or Ableton suite gets a free new synth.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00002-00001016-00001493": "And it's actually amazing. It's like Ableton is Oprah and you just won the Olympics", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00003-00001500-00001906": "and the lottery on your birthday and it's Christmas. Are you ready? Ready.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00004-00001939-00002160": "Check out the all new Ableton Drift.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00005-00008033-00008446": "You might be looking at this thing and thinking, \"But my synth has more modulation, filters, oscillators", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00006-00008453-00008736": "and can do so much more.\" And you'd be right.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00007-00008743-00009250": "There's literally a synth plugin feature arms race happening right now where most all synth developers", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00008-00009256-00009526": "are trying to make their feature list longer than the competitions.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00009-00009546-00009926": "The idea is, the more features that they cram into the thing, the more money they'll get out of it.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00010-00009976-00010476": "But before all the noise of modern day markets, guys like the late Dave Smith and the late Bob Moog", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00011-00010483-00010856": "used to sit in quiet rooms for years and years tweaking the voltages", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00012-00010863-00011146": "swapping components and perfecting the interface", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00013-00011153-00011553": "so no matter what settings you dial in on your instrument, it sounds great.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00014-00011573-00012166": "Basically, they made it hard to make the synth sound bad. And that's exactly the idea behind Ableton Drift.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00015-00012173-00012420": "This little cutie pie is blowing my mind.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00016-00012426-00012869": "Now, full disclosure, Ableton is sponsoring this video and they sent me Drift early for review.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00017-00012876-00013219": "But they have no say over what I'm about to say about this device.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00018-00013226-00013826": "The idea behind Drift is to behave like an old analog synthesizer where the oscillators, the tunings, the filters,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00019-00013833-00014269": "they drift in and out of phase, causing that all elusive but so musical thing", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00020-00014276-00014550": "that only vintage analog synthesizers could provide.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00021-00014556-00014880": "I've heard a lot of simulations of this vibe, and a lot of them are pretty good.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00022-00014886-00015303": "But I have to say that Drift nails it and does it without using a lot of resources.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00023-00015310-00015763": "Now, you could just load up an instance of Drift and get great tones, just tweaking stuff in it.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00024-00015769-00016130": "But there are some things to know about this little guy that will really unlock its potential.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00025-00016136-00016443": "So let's take a dive into Ableton Drift. Let's check it out.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00026-00016500-00017120": "Okay, so as you can see, in true Ableton fashion, Drift has a gloriously minimalistic user interface.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00027-00017126-00017590": "But just like almost all Ableton devices, there's a lot more under the hood, you just have to look.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00028-00017596-00017966": "The first time I opened up Drift, I was a little concerned. I was like, what is this thing?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00029-00017973-00018356": "Why would anyone care about a two-oscillator synthesizer?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00030-00018363-00018936": "But once you start to really get into this thing and you start to open it up and see the possibilities and listen to what it does", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00031-00018943-00019406": "it consistently rewards you with amazing tones. So let's go ahead and check this thing out.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00032-00019413-00019916": "So in this first little section here, these are oscillators. So when I play, you can hear... there are two oscillators.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00033-00019926-00020253": "There's a sine waveform, that's an octave below a saw waveform.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00034-00020260-00020483": "It's kind of a classic synth tone, right?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00035-00020490-00020810": "And when you click on this drop-down list, you can see all these different waveforms", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00036-00020816-00021056": "and you might be thinking, that's all, that's all that I get?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00037-00021063-00021510": "Well, what you have to do is explore each one of these because each one of these have different options.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00038-00021516-00021996": "So we have this Shape control, and what this does depends upon the waveform that you choose.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00039-00022003-00022523": "So the first waveform, this saw waveform, when you start to turn up Shape, take a listen.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00040-00022820-00023203": "We have this glorious and beautiful hard zinc kind of sound, right?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00041-00023470-00023786": "So each one of these waveforms that you choose, Shape does something totally different.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00042-00023793-00024156": "So here's the sine waveform and I'll go ahead and turn off Oscillator 2 for now.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00043-00024410-00024790": "We can hear that Shape on the sine waveform adds a wave folding.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00044-00024900-00025246": "Kind of like a sine wave folding. And if we go to the Triangle...", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00045-00025403-00025643": "you kind of have a harsher wave folding, right?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00046-00025650-00025906": "And then if we go over to this shape...", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00047-00026023-00026443": "we have what kind of sounds like saw wave, like, pulse width modulation, right?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00048-00026663-00027063": "Adds a little bit of pitch drift, too. A really, really pleasing sound there.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00049-00027153-00027463": "There the next wave form's really interesting. As we turn Shape up,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00050-00027470-00027970": "kind of add these harmonics and make the wave shape thinner. Pretty cool thing.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00051-00028006-00028636": "You've seen Saw, now going over to this square wave, this is more of like yet another hard zinc kind of sound.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00052-00028853-00029416": "Pretty sweet. And then finally, of course, we have a square wave. And guess what? Pulse width modulation.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00053-00029430-00029766": "Now, why should you care about this synthesizer?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00054-00029773-00030133": "Check this out. So I'm going to go ahead and go to Oscillator 2 and turn it on.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00055-00030139-00030353": "And let's put it on Square wave.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00056-00030360-00030693": "So now we have two square waves and let's just go ahead and play them at the same octave.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00057-00030700-00030866": "So take a listen to this.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00058-00031466-00031706": "Do you hear that changing over time?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00059-00031713-00032153": "There was this kind of like high-pitched frequency that kind of came in after a little bit.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00060-00032160-00032530": "What's up with that? Well, essentially, the oscillators are always on.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00061-00032536-00032806": "You just can't hear them unless you play a note.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00062-00032813-00033083": "Okay, so this is how synthesis works in the analog realm.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00063-00033090-00033496": "Now, why this matters to you is that if you have two waveforms that are identical,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00064-00033503-00034246": "but they're not spinning at exactly the same time or at exactly the same pitch, you get this interesting kind of alive breathing", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00065-00034253-00034420": "moving kind of sound, right?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00066-00034426-00034806": "This is what happens when two oscillators are out of phase with each other.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00067-00034813-00035180": "The beating heart of Drift is this control right here: Drift.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00068-00035186-00035453": "So if I turn Drift all the way to zero, take a listen.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00069-00035740-00036043": "Nothing's changing. As I turn this up, take a listen.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00070-00036950-00037636": "Essentially, the idea is that what the Drift control will do is it will make tiny fluctuations to the phase of the waveforms,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00071-00037643-00038113": "to the tuning of the waveforms and the filter position and all kinds of other little tiny changes.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00072-00038120-00038630": "And those little tiny changes will have huge ramifications as you start to use this instrument", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00073-00038636-00038843": "and get into the different things that it does.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00074-00038850-00039173": "So getting back to Oscillator 2, you can detune it.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00075-00039360-00039830": "...and really get that beautiful sound, or you can turn it all the way up to plus 7 and get these kind of...", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00076-00040066-00040376": "musical ratios, right? Okay, so I'm going to bring this back to the center.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00077-00040383-00040756": "Now, none of the waveforms on Oscillator 2, as you can see there's a bit less,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00078-00040763-00041126": "can be changed with the Shape control, that's only the Oscillator 1, okay?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00079-00041140-00041460": "Let's go ahead and switch this back to the saw waveform.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00080-00041516-00041723": "I'll put this back on maybe Triangle or something.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00081-00041883-00042520": "Okay, so like I was saying before, Drift was designed to behave like a real analog synthesizer, okay?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00082-00042530-00043003": "So the settings that you have in one section can have big changes over the settings in another section.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00083-00043010-00043303": "For example, the filter. In this case, we have two different types of filters.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00084-00043310-00043813": "We have a classic 12 decibel filter and a 24 decibel filter, right.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00085-00043826-00044250": "These aren't modeled after any specific filter. They're designed just for Drift, right?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00086-00044376-00044853": "So the filter has two different types: There is a 12 decibel and a 24 decibel filter.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00087-00044860-00045330": "You can see the slope changes as I click on this. Now just like on an analog synthesizer,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00088-00045336-00045813": "the amount of the oscillator signal that's being fed into the filter will yield different results.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00089-00045820-00046176": "So this filter will sound totally different depending upon where you have it.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00090-00046306-00046690": "So that's the sound, kind of like the vanilla sound. But if I turn up this oscillator, take a listen,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00091-00046986-00047210": "Notice that it sounds like the resonance got quieter.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00092-00047216-00047616": "So the oscillator is up all the way up. I have resonance all the way up. Take a listen to this.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00093-00047873-00048246": "You can hear kind of like this really pleasing background distortion, right?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00094-00048436-00048773": "Now take a listen to what happens. I'm going to go ahead and turn off Oscillator 2.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00095-00048900-00049350": "Take a listen to what happens to this filter as I turn Oscillator 1 back down.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00096-00049700-00049820": "Wow.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00097-00050056-00050373": "Super pleasing sounds coming out of this thing, right?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00098-00050516-00051030": "It's almost like the filter will take off more if you have less oscillator signal going into it, right?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00099-00051596-00051970": "That's because we're distorting the filter. We're sending so much oscillator signal", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00100-00051976-00052296": "into the filter that it's causing harmonics to be made.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00101-00052303-00052656": "We could go over to Oscillator 1, for example, and turn it on a sine waveform.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00102-00052663-00052916": "I'm going to turn the resonance all the way down. Now take a listen to this.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00103-00053266-00053660": "So right now that sine waveform sounds like you would expect it to, but as I turn it up,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00104-00053963-00054366": "we can hear harmonics being added. That's because we're distorting this filter stage, right?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00105-00054373-00054779": "So that's really great. I'm going to go ahead and turn the filter frequency back up. Now check this out.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00106-00054803-00055173": "I'm going to bring this oscillator back to a respectable negative 6.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00107-00055316-00055593": "Now, we don't have that many harmonics in the signal right now.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00108-00055600-00056176": "Let's add harmonics in an interesting way. So your classic pitch mod, we could use the LFO, for example,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00109-00056183-00056446": "here's the LFO, and we could change the pitch of this.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00110-00056690-00057093": "And you can see the LFO gets real slow here. So you can get that kind of drunk synth sound.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00111-00057329-00057823": "But what's really interesting about Drift is that you may be looking at this thing and thinking,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00112-00057829-00058293": "well, wait, there's no FM synthesis - how am I going to do any FM tones? Well, you actually can.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00113-00058300-00058596": "The LFO has all these different interesting modes that you can do with the rate.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00114-00058603-00058833": "So right now this is a normal frequency-based rate.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00115-00058840-00059270": "This is a millisecond-based rate, and then this is a sync rate, so syncing to the DAW.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00116-00059276-00060000": "But this one is really interesting. This is a audio rate ratio based on the pitch of the original oscillator.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00117-00060006-00060133": "So check this out.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00118-00060503-00060783": "Notice that we're bringing harmonics in because what are we doing?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00119-00060790-00061000": "This is frequency modulation or FM synthesis.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00120-00061383-00061593": "And of course, we can change the ratio.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00121-00062020-00062603": "Super awesome. So the next thing we can do is we could actually use Envelope 2, for example, to modify this.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00122-00062610-00062986": "So let's go to Envelope 2, and I'm going to turn the sustained stage all the way down.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00123-00062993-00063386": "These are our two envelopes. Obviously, this one, this top one, is for the volume.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00124-00063536-00064203": "But if I use envelope two to change the LFO amount over the pitch, we can control this FM synthesis.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00125-00064290-00064423": "Check this out.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00126-00065029-00065623": "So of course, different ratios are going to give you different sounds, and we can even go under the original pitch", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00127-00065630-00065940": "to make the FM oscillator be an octave lower.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00128-00066586-00066810": "And maybe we want more harmonics in a different way.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00129-00066816-00067213": "Instead of adding them here, we could add them by just driving the filter more.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00130-00067456-00067860": "And that effect is kind of more mid-rangy, right? Let's try it with a different filter.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00131-00068416-00068733": "Now, of course, we can mess with the filter frequency over here.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00132-00068740-00069136": "These are two different mod sources you can mess with the filter frequency with.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00133-00069143-00069356": "So let's go ahead and use Envelope 2,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00134-00071330-00071796": "Right? Super awesome. Now check this out. Listen to how different this sounds as I turn Oscillator 1 down.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00135-00072200-00072400": "You can compensate over here.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00136-00072703-00073140": "Now, as you can see, both the Oscillators section and the Filter section look very similar,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00137-00073146-00073353": "and the way that they're modulated is very similar.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00138-00073360-00073716": "You have two different sources right here for the pitch of the oscillators,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00139-00073723-00074050": "and you have two different sources for the frequency of the filter.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00140-00074056-00074420": "So you'll also notice that we have LFO here in the Filter Frequency Mod.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00141-00074426-00074786": "So what we could do here is we could turn the envelope effect off.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00142-00074793-00075126": "We could turn the LFO pitch modulation all the way down, and instead,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00143-00075133-00075676": "we could use the LFO's audio rate modulation over the filter frequency. Take a listen to this.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00144-00078470-00078940": "So you can see there's so much more under the hood on this thing. And that's just one example, right? Insane.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00145-00078946-00079156": "Okay, so I'm going to go ahead and grab a new instance.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00146-00079163-00079350": "This time, let's take a look at something totally different.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00147-00079356-00079893": "So right now... this is the vanilla setting that you get with Drift.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00148-00079956-00080230": "So what we're going to do this time is we're going to take a look at something else -", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00149-00080236-00080513": "on Envelope 2 you can see that we used it earlier,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00150-00080520-00080820": "but if you click on this button, you make it cycling or looping.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00151-00080826-00081390": "And essentially you turn this envelope into its own kind of LFO because it's looping over time.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00152-00081396-00081686": "Let's go ahead and choose that to mess with the Filter frequency.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00153-00082160-00082576": "And of course, you can also see whoa, wait a minute, you can send it into Audio Rate.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00154-00082780-00083116": "Pretty awesome, right? But let's focus on this mode for now.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00155-00083123-00083573": "Something else you can do with this that you can't do with the standard LFOs, you can actually tilt the shape,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00156-00083580-00083710": "so check this out.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00157-00085030-00085233": "Let's go ahead and put it into Audio Rate.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00158-00085663-00085826": "OK so check this out.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00159-00085833-00086306": "When you have it in Audio Rate you can get some really interesting results happening by changing the Tilt.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00160-00087133-00087563": "Pretty awesome, right? All right, I'll put this back on a standard mode.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00161-00088000-00088280": "Now I want to show you something else. I'm going to turn off the Pitch Mod here.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00162-00088286-00088610": "We also have a Noise oscillator here. So check this out.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00163-00088776-00089013": "What I'm going to do is I'm going to turn the oscillators all the way down.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00164-00089086-00089270": "So now we just have this noise.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00165-00089340-00089783": "You could actually use the filter to play notes as well, so you can turn the Resonance up,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00166-00089943-00090233": "and then you can turn this control up for key following. So check this out.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00167-00090473-00090770": "So essentially, I'm using the filter as an oscillator, right?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00168-00091396-00091613": "And so you could run an oscillator through it too.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00169-00092286-00092783": "For some totally different tones, right? So I'll go and make a more pretty sound. I'll open up the release a bit.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00170-00093043-00093573": "So now that I've done this, if I go back to my Envelope 2, and put it back at Audio Rate, check this out.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00171-00094196-00094356": "Turn the noise down a bit.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00172-00094996-00095403": "Just amazing tones you can get with just the smallest little adjustments, right?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00173-00095410-00095936": "Cool. So I'll go ahead and turn Noise down. I'm going to turn this envelope effect off of the filter frequency.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00174-00095943-00096096": "And now we get...", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00175-00096380-00096843": "I'll go ahead and introduce Oscillator 2. This time let's choose a saw waveform.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00176-00097390-00097560": "Now let's go ahead and turn up Drift.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00177-00098126-00098406": "And we just get that instant, beautiful kind of sound,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00178-00098413-00098723": "where those oscillators are just slightly out of phase with each other.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00179-00099000-00099283": "Okay, so this is a perfect opportunity to show you the modes.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00180-00099290-00099906": "So over here at this section, we have the ability to change the mode the way that Drift is handling the voices.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00181-00099913-00100340": "So Poly mode is kind of how you'd expect. You can limit the voices to like, four for example.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00182-00100490-00100840": "In the case that your CPU is spiking, right, you're really doing a lot.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00183-00100846-00101276": "Now the next mode is called Mono and essentially this is nice because it brings your voice count down to zero", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00184-00101283-00101553": "and so you can do leads and basslines.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00185-00101610-00102273": "Let's work on a bass tone. Maybe we'll put the LFO on half, add it to the pitch mod.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00186-00103283-00103613": "But check this out. Now this next slider, they call it 'Mono Thickness'", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00187-00103620-00104006": "but essentially what this does is it adds a bunch of sub oscillators as you turn it up.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00188-00104046-00104600": "I think the total is 3 to the original voice and you get this huge thick sound. Take a listen.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00189-00104983-00105273": "And then if Drift is all the way at zero, you just get a stack", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00190-00105416-00105740": "and it's all perfectly in phase. But of course, as you turn up Drift...", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00191-00107040-00107323": "… just huge, huge sounds from there.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00192-00107386-00107866": "Right? Now the next mode is amazing. Let's go ahead and I'm going to turn this effect off.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00193-00107873-00108326": "And what we're going to do is we're going to listen to this just with the Drift all the way down on 32 voices.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00194-00108333-00108443": "So take a listen.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00195-00108906-00109393": "So that's kind of what you'd expect out of kind of any synth plugin. But check this out. I'll turn up Drift.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00196-00109716-00110209": "Still what you would expect. But now there's this percentage that you can add of stereo spread.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00197-00110216-00110583": "And what this does is it takes the voices and moves them across the stereo field.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00198-00110633-00110876": "If you have Drift all the way at zero, it doesn't do anything.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00199-00111106-00111406": "But once you start to drift stuff, this is where all the magic happens.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00200-00112353-00112896": "It's so cool. Now check this out. Another thing you can do is as you detune things,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00201-00113483-00113823": "it almost sounds like Detune is adding more stereo spread.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00202-00113830-00114436": "That's because it's interacting with the Drift control and interacting with this to cause that kind of effect.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00203-00115106-00115659": "Just amazing sounds you can get from this. Let's go ahead and use Envelope 2 to open up our filter a little bit.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00204-00116513-00116786": "So that's the stereo mode and man is it pleasing.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00205-00116800-00117390": "Now we also have Unison mode, and essentially this is sort of the same thing except it takes four voices", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00206-00117396-00117690": "of each note that you play and it detunes them against themselves.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00207-00117696-00117870": "So one note sounds like this...", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00208-00118090-00118373": "and it will be totally mono unless you turn up Drift.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00209-00119283-00119663": "Now if you bring this down to four voices, you'll only be able to play one note at a time", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00210-00119670-00120020": "because Unison is using four voices up to do its detuning.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00211-00120576-00120946": "So this can be useful to make like big sounding basslines and stuff like that.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00212-00121643-00121803": "Just so much fun.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00213-00121809-00122313": "So you definitely need to get into the modes when using Drift to get this really interesting result happening.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00214-00122380-00122843": "Now let's look at something else. So right now we're using the LFO, or at least we were using the LFO at Audio Rate.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00215-00122850-00123253": "Let's switch it back to its normal rate and maybe we'll apply it to the Pitch.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00216-00123259-00123390": "So now we get a nice...", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00217-00124073-00124290": "kind of drunk synth sound.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00218-00124430-00124776": "Now you have all the waveforms that you'd normally expect, like Triangle.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00219-00125246-00125526": "Let's go ahead and put this on the filter frequency, why not.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00220-00126096-00126253": "Go ahead and put this on Triangle, for example.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00221-00126436-00126809": "You'll notice that it's free running. You can always hit this R right here and this will retrigger", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00222-00126816-00127043": "the LFO every time you play a note.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00223-00127853-00128223": "Now these are all the expected waveforms, but if you go down to this one Sample & Hold,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00224-00128230-00128566": "essentially this is a random source. So as I turn up Rate,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00225-00129276-00129403": "I'll turn my voice count up.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00226-00129853-00130266": "You can hear that we're just choosing different held modulations depending upon the rate.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00227-00130280-00130659": "And of course, you can use this as noise. Let's go ahead and switch this back over to Stereo.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00228-00131476-00131906": "So right now I'm using this on the filter, but if I use this instead on Pitch, take a listen.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00229-00132483-00132750": "Adds a really pleasing grit to the sound, right?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00230-00132853-00133256": "Okay, next we have Wander. And what Wander is is it's sort of the Sample & Hold,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00231-00133263-00133776": "but instead what we've done is kind of slewed the beginning and end of it to get more of a warbly sound.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00232-00134210-00134556": "So if you're really looking for that drunk synth sound, this is a great way to get it.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00233-00134886-00135326": "Just super great, right? And then finally we have Linear & Exponential envelope.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00234-00135333-00135826": "This basically does the opposite of what we did earlier with Envelope 2, turning it into an LFO.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00235-00135833-00136060": "We're now turning the LFO, guess what, into an envelope.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00236-00136066-00136553": "So yeah, you can use this to, for example, let's do a pitch-drop with this.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00237-00136863-00137050": "So you'll notice that the LFO is not repeating,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00238-00137056-00137343": "so you can do that with a Linear and an Exponential envelope.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00239-00137350-00137766": "OK, so here's a fresh instance of Drift. And one more thing I want to show you is the Mod Matrix.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00240-00137773-00138366": "So essentially, you could take any of these modulators and apply them to any of these destinations.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00241-00138373-00138676": "So for example, I could take Pressure, which is aftertouch,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00242-00138683-00139006": "and what I could do is I could add that to the low-pass frequency.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00243-00139013-00139526": "So I'm going to turn this down a bit. Now depending upon how hard I push...", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00244-00139676-00139986": "So there's a bunch of different things that you can do that are kind of under the hood,", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00245-00139993-00140253": "you just have to kind of get into this area right here.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00246-00140276-00140603": "Cool. So as you can see in here, Drift is an amazing instrument.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00247-00140610-00140920": "It sounds really good, really, no matter what settings you put on it.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00248-00140926-00141590": "And it really excels at doing melodic duties like basslines and melodies and chords and stuff like that.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00249-00141600-00142103": "Of course, it's not designed to do some crazy, super nutso, EDM ultra-drop, right?", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00250-00142110-00142233": "It's not really for that.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00251-00142240-00142700": "It's for beautiful unfolding tones that have a really strong fundamental pitch.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00252-00142706-00143226": "Now, if you like my teaching style, I'm going to be adding Drift to my Sound Design and Synthesis with Ableton Live", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00253-00143233-00143383": "online course that you can take.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00254-00143390-00143770": "I'm also going to be giving you all the presets that I used in this tutorial", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00255-00143776-00144026": "up here for free, so go ahead and check those out.", "5IdFgjiG9d0-00256-00144033-00144566": "Thanks for watching everybody. If you like this kind of thing: Like, Comment, Subscribe. Much love. I'll see you next time."}}]