[{"audio_id": "euQ0fSYxosI", "text": {"euQ0fSYxosI-00000-00000810-00001228": "The battle colors have been around as long  as there has been formations in warfare.", "euQ0fSYxosI-00001-00001308-00001823": "Different states used theirs to distinguish which militia  they were part of during the American Revolution.", "euQ0fSYxosI-00002-00001872-00002318": "During the Civil War, soldiers wanted to have  a band to accompany them on the battlefield.", "euQ0fSYxosI-00003-00002492-00002990": "The band also requested for a person to carry  the colors, also known as the American Flag.", "euQ0fSYxosI-00004-00003086-00003546": "Also during the Civil War, flags were often used to separate the different battalions,", "euQ0fSYxosI-00005-00003554-00003879": "so the officer in charge knows  the area of his charge.", "euQ0fSYxosI-00006-00003994-00004520": "They also were used to give movement commands, so it  can be seen from one end of the formation to the other.", "euQ0fSYxosI-00007-00004652-00004872": "Although the Marine Corps has been around for centuries,", "euQ0fSYxosI-00008-00004912-00005408": "The color sergeant of the Marine Corps position  wasn't officially established until 1965.", "euQ0fSYxosI-00009-00005498-00005930": "The first color sergeant of the Marine Corps was Gunnery Sgt. Shelton L. Eakin,", "euQ0fSYxosI-00010-00005966-00006481": "who later commissioned as a second lieutenant and was killed in action in Vietnam in 1966.", "euQ0fSYxosI-00011-00006576-00007114": "Since then, there have been 37 Marines to  serve as the face of the Marine Corps.", "euQ0fSYxosI-00012-00007226-00007744": "The Marine Corps order is very specific in what it  means to be the color sergeant of the Marine Corps.", "euQ0fSYxosI-00013-00007802-00008145": "The color sergeant of the Marine Corps  is the commandant's representative", "euQ0fSYxosI-00014-00008145-00008550": "for all ceremonial commitments  requiring the Marine Corps' Battle Color.", "euQ0fSYxosI-00015-00008550-00008828": "The color sergeant travels through  the continental United States", "euQ0fSYxosI-00016-00008828-00009040": "and overseas with the Battle Color Detachment,", "euQ0fSYxosI-00017-00009058-00009552": "which also includes the Commandant's Own U.S. Marine  Drum and Bugle Corps and the Silent Drill Platoon.", "euQ0fSYxosI-00018-00009580-00010030": "Additionally, the color sergeant serves as the  Marine representative for all joint service", "euQ0fSYxosI-00019-00010030-00010322": "and White House functions when  the presidential color is required.", "euQ0fSYxosI-00020-00010350-00010684": "The color sergeant of the Marine Corps is one  of the most visible Marines in our Corps.", "euQ0fSYxosI-00021-00010720-00011128": "By virtue of this billet, the color sergeant is the senior sergeant in the Marine Corps", "euQ0fSYxosI-00022-00011144-00011572": "and as such serves as an example in appearance, performance and leadership", "euQ0fSYxosI-00023-00011572-00011778": "for all noncommissioned officers to emulate."}}, {"audio_id": "ev7-hYCnCcu", "text": {"ev7-hYCnCcu-00000-00000088-00000512": "okay i'm in the middle of recording a load of different videos and wifey says that i need to", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00001-00000512-00000808": "change t-shirts between videos so oh", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00002-00001128-00001592": "sorry about this he says apparently it's rubbish when you see the same t-shirt", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00003-00002048-00002440": "hello and welcome i'm machine dana i hope you're doing really really well in this video i'm going", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00004-00002440-00002944": "to cover how you can set up a discord server i'm going to cover some of the basics for example", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00005-00002944-00003488": "first of all how you download and install discord the basics of adding a server the key things that", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00006-00003488-00003944": "you need to consider we'll go into a little bit of detail about roles a little bit of detail", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00007-00003944-00004456": "about permissions and then i'll link to some other further contents i've done loads of discord videos", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00008-00004456-00004952": "and the content that i'll link to will be things like auto assigning roles to people based on your", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00009-00004952-00005456": "twitch or youtube how to make the most of roles how to edit channels add new channels", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00010-00005456-00005896": "integrations all kinds of things like that so this will be a sort of a medium-sized video", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00011-00005896-00006304": "where i'll cover quite a lot of stuff but only at a very basic level and then i'll link to further", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00012-00006304-00006656": "content where there's a lot more detail if you do find this useful i'd appreciate you hitting", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00013-00006656-00007023": "the like button feel free to subscribe to the channel if you're into twitch or streaming you", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00014-00007023-00007416": "can also check me out at twitch.tv forward slash machine dana as well let's get going with this", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00015-00007559-00008040": "okay so discord briefly what is it well discord can be used in a number of different", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00016-00008040-00008688": "ways primarily it's used as a way to communicate on text channels or also for voice and audio you", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00017-00008688-00009168": "can also use it for video as well however what discord has more become these days is more of", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00018-00009168-00009720": "a community tool to create and build communities that interlink with other communities for example", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00019-00009720-00010168": "my particular discord is primarily used to communicate when i'm not streaming more and", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00020-00010168-00010632": "more recently i've been using it on youtube to allow people to join the server ask questions", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00021-00010632-00011032": "get help and just become part of my community but people use discord in all kinds of different ways", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00022-00011032-00011440": "and that's the beauty of discord it's just got so much flexibility built into it inherently that it", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00023-00011440-00011840": "works really really well and for that reason it looks like microsoft are going to be spending", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00024-00011840-00012456": "10 billion to acquire discord it remains to be seen what microsoft will do to it they might make", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00025-00012456-00013008": "it better it might make it worse who knows but for now it's very much a big part of most content", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00026-00013008-00013600": "creators online lifestyle so first of all to add the channels you're gonna need to visit discord.gg", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00027-00013600-00014063": "or discord.com you can actually open discord in the browser and there is a browser friendly", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00028-00014063-00014568": "version of it this god's also available for mobile mac windows so i'm actually going to go ahead and", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00029-00014568-00015096": "click back here we want to be downloading discord and installing this to your device of choice", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00030-00015096-00015568": "however almost all of the functions that you do on desktop you can do on mobile as well with discord", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00031-00015568-00015968": "we'll open up this code on desktop and we're going to just dive straight into this now first of all", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00032-00015968-00016440": "to add a server you can go to this plus icon on the left hand side and click it you do have the", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00033-00016440-00016832": "option to join servers as well if you actually don't want to add one i'm going to go ahead", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00034-00016832-00017216": "and click create my own here we need to decide whether it's for a couple community or for me and", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00035-00017216-00017688": "my friends this is quite an important decision because if this is just a sort of a throwaway", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00036-00017688-00018120": "discord for you and a few of your friends discord don't need to give you as much functionality and", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00037-00018120-00018528": "they also don't need to overcomplicate things for you they can narrow down the functionality whereas", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00038-00018528-00018928": "if you're trying to create a community it opens up a little bit more functionality i'm going to", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00039-00018928-00019368": "go ahead and set up a community you can upload a photo got the option here to name the discord", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00040-00019368-00020112": "server test server go ahead and click create now fundamentally we've actually set up the server", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00041-00020112-00020536": "there but obviously there's a lot more things you can do with this and i'll link some further videos", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00042-00020536-00021008": "below on how you can make the most of your discord server how you can add channels edit channels how", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00043-00021008-00021464": "you can link it to twitch auto assign roles add bots and all sorts of things like that for now", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00044-00021464-00021920": "i'm just going to touch on some of the key points of every server so that you know as a starting", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00045-00021920-00022328": "point from this video some of the things that you could do so straight away we were able to invite", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00046-00022328-00022864": "friends or send messages within the thread and you start with a basic text channel and a basic voice", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00047-00022864-00023256": "channel just on the left hand side here a video that i'll link below will show you how you can add", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00048-00023256-00023784": "and edit an amend and make the best of these text and voice channels and also the categories as well", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00049-00023784-00024176": "that they sit under you can have multiple categories for example in my server i have", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00050-00024176-00024712": "chat and feedback subscriber only sections news and self promotion streamer help content things", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00051-00024712-00025112": "like that if we click into the server settings in the top left hand corner here we have got", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00052-00025112-00025560": "the option to invite people server settings creating channels and categories notification", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00053-00025560-00026039": "settings for the server and that's notifications to you privacy settings changing the nickname and", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00054-00026039-00026464": "hide muted channels in other words if you've muted any channels in a particular server it will hide", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00055-00026464-00026800": "them and just condense them down we're going to go ahead and click into server settings and go into", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00056-00026800-00027216": "some of the key points within here i'm first gonna cover the overview we can rename the server and", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00057-00027216-00027720": "redo the logo here we can actually set an inactive channel for voice channels as well so someone's", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00058-00027720-00028127": "in a voice channel if you've created a second channel for example an afk channel you could", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00059-00028127-00028560": "set the afk channel to be the inactive channel or you can just say no channel and then also say", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00060-00028560-00029016": "what duration of timeout there is for example if someone's in active 15 minutes it will also place", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00061-00029016-00029464": "them in a inactive channel can choose whether you want system messages here for example random", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00062-00029464-00029944": "welcome messages messages when people boost the server and helpful tips for service setup you can", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00063-00029944-00030336": "toggle these on and off depending on your level of expertise and then you can also choose where", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00064-00030336-00030800": "these messages are sent to as well the specific thread you can also set default notification", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00065-00030800-00031344": "settings as well whether someone within the server will get all messages or only at mentions i would", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00066-00031344-00031839": "highly recommend setting this to only at mentions because this straight away cuts down the amount of", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00067-00031839-00032200": "spam that the people in your discord are going to receive we're going to go ahead and save changes", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00068-00032200-00032608": "here now we're just going to cover some basic roles within here by default you have the everyone", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00069-00032608-00033032": "role and i'll link another video which goes into a lot more detail about roles but just to scratch", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00070-00033032-00033600": "the surface a little bit here the at everyone role is a standard default captural role for anyone on", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00071-00033600-00034008": "discord and you can set the permissions for this generally what people tend to do with this is set", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00072-00034008-00034632": "the at everyone role to be highly restricted and then add a secondary role which is like a verified", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00073-00034632-00035104": "role and then they open up more permissions with the verified role they would perhaps auto sign", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00074-00035104-00035592": "that role when people have agreed to the rules you can use bots to enable that type of functionality", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00075-00035592-00035952": "and there's a load of other functionality you can add to discord as well so roles within discord", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00076-00035952-00036376": "are highly tailorable obviously from a permissions point of view but also the name and the colour of", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00077-00036376-00036936": "them people use discord roles to restrict content to open up content to create exclusive content and", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00078-00036936-00037392": "also in a number of other ways just to like define the types of content that certain types of people", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00079-00037392-00037808": "might want to see but also you can just have like badges and badges of honor and things like that", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00080-00037808-00038280": "you can almost like gamification your own discord servers with certain badges if you want to take", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00081-00038280-00038624": "it that far i'm going to just go ahead and show you an example creating a role here we'll create", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00082-00038624-00039200": "a new role called uh verified so i like to use emojis throughout the categories and also the", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00083-00039200-00039552": "channels and even within the roles because it just makes them pop a little bit because this", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00084-00039552-00039984": "is a verified server i'm going to take a check mark i'm just going to add that at the end of the", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00085-00039984-00040368": "roll name so i'm going to go ahead and add this as a green color but i'm not fond of that particular", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00086-00040368-00040784": "color so i'm just going to refine the core a little bit try and match this tick there somewhere", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00087-00040856-00041256": "they look about the same if you've got a specific hex value that you want to use you can do that can", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00088-00041256-00041640": "now set the different permissions if we want and once we're finished with this just need to click", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00089-00041640-00042256": "save changes there press escape now anyone in the server we can right click and give them a verified", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00090-00042256-00042640": "role or again you can use bots to auto assign some of those some other things you can do with your", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00091-00042640-00043200": "discord server you can upload emojis custom emojis to your server i'll link a video below on how you", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00092-00043200-00043664": "can do that there's some moderation settings that you can auto apply to your server including the", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00093-00043664-00044248": "ability to have content scanned by discord for red flags there's an audit log you can look at", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00094-00044248-00044768": "integrations within the discord server for example web hooks twitch youtube there's loads of other", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00095-00044768-00045200": "integrations that you can do here you can even create widgets from your server as well in case", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00096-00045200-00045648": "you wanted to create like a badge of discord and place it somewhere else for example on a website", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00097-00045648-00046120": "you can also create a template of your server so say for example you want to create a backup of", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00098-00046120-00046544": "your server or maybe you want to create a copy of your server and give it to somebody else there's", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00099-00046544-00046992": "also some user management stuff here creating invites bans and also just a summary of the", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00100-00046992-00047432": "members and their particular categories and you can filter the categories down by the roles that", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00101-00047432-00047832": "you've added lastly i'm just going to very briefly go over some missions that are available to you", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00102-00047832-00048328": "when designing your server and these permissions are available at roll level at channel level and", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00103-00048328-00048784": "even at category level as well and you can set hierarchies for them too the first of all you're", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00104-00048784-00049232": "able to display your role members separately from online members and this just means that you can", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00105-00049232-00049784": "have different roles separated show an example of this on my server here i've got mods separated out", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00106-00049784-00050280": "twitch subscribers and verified subscribers got the ability within the roles to allow people to", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00107-00050280-00050808": "view channels manage channels manage roles manage emojis some of the main things here are allowing", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00108-00050808-00051200": "people to kick or ban members obviously you want to save that privilege for your moderators or", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00109-00051200-00051552": "even just yourself and then there's quite a lot of permissions you can add for channels for example", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00110-00051552-00052040": "allowing people to send messages embed links use external emojis add reactions things like that", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00111-00052040-00052416": "similar thing for voice channels here as well whether or not someone can actually speak connect", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00112-00052416-00052791": "listen or not whether they can use video whether they become a priority speaker so i'm just going", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00113-00052791-00053384": "to go over very quickly adding another channel i'm going to add a new channel called food drink", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00114-00053496-00053904": "that's literally created that channel and we can now drag and drop this channel elsewhere", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00115-00053984-00054496": "i'm going to now also create a new category called discord content great category this category i'm", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00116-00054496-00054824": "going to drag to the top here so we've got general text channels but i'm going to put", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00117-00054824-00055255": "discord content i'm going to drop the food and drink within the discord content can now set the", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00118-00055255-00055679": "permissions at either the channel level here or at the category level here and here's an example", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00119-00055679-00056128": "of what that looks like for my content i've got 24-hour streams clips not safe for work stuff", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00120-00056128-00056591": "hobbies memes so they have it hopefully that gives you a little bit of a flavor of the", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00121-00056591-00057079": "types of things that are available on discord in terms of setting it up and the types of things", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00122-00057079-00057567": "you can do for roles for permissions channels categories really we've only just scratched the", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00123-00057567-00057952": "tip of the iceberg here and i'm really keen to see what you guys can come up with in terms of", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00124-00057952-00058336": "your discords feel free to talk about the things that you've done in your discord in the comments", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00125-00058336-00058984": "below i'd appreciate if you liked the video if you want to subscribe feel free to take care", "ev7-hYCnCcu-00126-00060048-00060384": "aah"}}, {"audio_id": "ev7GNtUPRfM", "text": {"ev7GNtUPRfM-00000-00000664-00001264": "Hello again, I'm Kaj Arnö, CEO of the MariaDB Foundation, and for this session", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00001-00001264-00001928": "I'm interviewing Sergei Golubchik, Vice President of Engineering for MariaDB Server. Welcome Sergei.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00002-00002064-00002312": "Thanks, happy to be here, thanks for having me.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00003-00002552-00003176": "Thanks for coming. So this interview is about the MariaDB 10.7 preview releases,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00004-00003232-00003815": "the goals behind them, and how it was implemented, and what the lessons from them were.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00005-00003815-00004448": "Now I think you are the father of this preview release idea aren't you Sergei?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00006-00004552-00005288": "Well I wouldn't say that, it was a lot of people involved in designing and implementing this thing,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00007-00005400-00006208": "so if you would think about it as an avalanche then I was the one who was throwing the first", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00008-00006208-00006584": "snowball, but then it was definitely not only me, it was a collective effort.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00009-00006688-00007392": "So you threw the snowball on this one. I'll ask you about your role which explains to the audience", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00010-00007392-00008056": "why you were the one throwing this snowball, but let me first set the stage a bit by pointing", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00011-00008136-00008712": "out our earlier communication on this topic, and by our, I mean MariaDB Foundation.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00012-00008960-00009616": "That background is two basic blogs, and eight feature blogs, on the preview releases from", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00013-00009616-00010128": "roughly two months ago. Those are not required reading in any way for this session,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00014-00010216-00010880": "you will get a summary of them, but we will also look at how this experiment worked out,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00015-00010936-00011784": "since we now have two months of experience from the preview releases. The big picture of the", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00016-00011784-00012528": "idea was presented in a series of two blogs in September, \"Challenges and Visions for MariaDB", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00017-00012528-00013432": "Server\", and \"10.7.0 Comes As Preview Releases\", and then we had eight detailed blogs, and I will", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00018-00013432-00014208": "briefly mention them too, for two reasons, one, we don't want to be too abstract in this session, and", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00019-00014312-00014912": "hence going to concrete issues, but also while we're at it, we also want to promote the features", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00020-00014912-00015560": "of MariaDB 10.7, as I think they are quite exciting. So there's eight of them, the first one", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00021-00015560-00016184": "was UUID data type, and there's a blog about these universally unique identifiers by Daniel Black.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00022-00016247-00017016": "Number two is natural sort; a natural sort means that a string a10 comes after a9, and not like", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00023-00017016-00017616": "it would, in alphabetical order, between a1 and a2, and there's an Anel Husakovic blog on that,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00024-00017672-00018280": "The third one is about compression provider plugins, loading compression libraries on request", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00025-00018280-00018944": "at runtime, and that's by Robert Bindar, and then there's JSON histogram, to which I think we will", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00026-00018944-00019632": "return here, it's an optimizing feature, a blog by Vicențiu Ciorbaru. I had the pleasure to write a", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00027-00019632-00020488": "blog about Python-like string formatting, that's the curly brackets type of string formatting,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00028-00020488-00021168": "that was the fifth one. The sixth is a blog you wrote Sergei about convert partition, and that's", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00029-00021168-00021928": "a convenient and crash-safe ALTER TABLE syntax for partitioning changes, and then there was", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00030-00021928-00022912": "a password reuse check plugin blog, which is about MariaDB forcing new passwords to be new, by", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00031-00022912-00023560": "Ian Gilfillan, and the last one out of the eight blogs was written by Eric Herman, our chairman,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00032-00023648-00024232": "miscellaneous features. One of them he was very much involved in himself, that was JSON_EQUALS,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00033-00024232-00024928": "so that you can compare whether JSON strings which are from a literal, as a character, based", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00034-00024992-00025472": "interpretation, might be different from a JSON perspective. They should equal", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00035-00025472-00026216": "each other, so that's the backdrop that we have for this interview. So now let's", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00036-00026216-00026824": "go into why you, Sergei, is the person that I'm interviewing about these preview releases.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00037-00026944-00027608": "I've always thought of you as a bit of an éminence grise, or grey eminence, working behind the", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00038-00027608-00028360": "scenes, with for example Monty visible to everyone and highly vocal, but you've been responsible", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00039-00028360-00029216": "for some of the most important decisions since 10 years, before MariaDB even started. Your title is", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00040-00029352-00029968": "the Vice President of Server Engineering, but what's your role within MariaDB Foundation.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00041-00030136-00030392": "I'm a board member of MariaDB Foundation.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00042-00030688-00031072": "What does that mean for instance when it comes to code contributions?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00043-00031160-00031456": "It has absolutely nothing to do with code contributions.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00044-00031968-00032152": "In my role as a board member of", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00045-00032224-00032624": "MariaDB Foundation, I do absolutely nothing with contributions...", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00046-00032624-00033592": "That is true. In what capacity are you involved in code contributions?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00047-00033832-00034696": "I love community contributions, I think it's very important for MariaDB to have a thriving", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00048-00035024-00035800": "developer ecosystem, with developers, and for example I participated in Google Summer of Code", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00049-00035800-00036856": "as a mentor since 2008, so I always wanted MariaDB to support, to work well, with contributors,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00050-00036856-00037664": "and because we are now on GitHub, it is mostly about pull requests, and maybe five years ago", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00051-00037664-00038304": "or something, that's when I started with the rule that every pull request should be answered,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00052-00038304-00038968": "or should get the first answer, in within a given reasonably short timeframe. It doesn't", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00053-00038968-00039384": "mean it'll be completely accepted within this, but it should definitely get some attention,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00054-00039512-00040360": "and there was a set of processes how to handle them, and you had a dedicated developer, Sergey", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00055-00040360-00041040": "Vojtovich, who, besides many other things, was making sure that every pull request gets a needed", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00056-00041040-00041832": "amount of attention. I imagine it might not have been fun every single time, but it worked very", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00057-00041832-00042720": "well, and it paid off, the number of pull requests grew, we got a very active developer community.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00058-00042944-00043424": "Now I don't do anything with contributions at all, it's completely on MariaDB Foundation...", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00059-00044152-00044392": "Excuse me? Go ahead.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00060-00044456-00045152": "I was going to ask a similar question around your relationship to Linux distributions. I suppose the", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00061-00045152-00045632": "general tone of your answer will be the same, but I'm interested in your personal thinking, and your", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00062-00045696-00045864": "relationship to Linux distributions.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00063-00045968-00046664": "That answer will be completely different, I never had any role as far as Linux distributions are", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00064-00046664-00047240": "concerned. I do occasionally communicate with MariaDB maintainers in the various", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00065-00047240-00047936": "Linux distributions when we are discussing distribution-specific bugs in MariaDB, or", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00066-00047936-00048608": "something like packaging, or for example security issues that security teams in those distributions", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00067-00048608-00049424": "very much want to know about, but that's it, so I have very little role dealing with that.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00068-00049424-00050200": "With all that background, Linux distributions, Foundation, Corporation and code contributions,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00069-00050200-00050744": "I think you have a bit of a challenge answering this question", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00070-00050744-00051455": "when it comes to what kind of constituency you represent, I think it's fair to say that you", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00071-00051455-00051912": "represent both the community, the Foundation and the Corporation, but what's your take on that?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00072-00052120-00052832": "I'm an employee of MariaDB Corporation, they pay my salary, and my goal is to do what's", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00073-00052832-00054144": "best for MariaDB Corporation, but I deeply believe that having a successful MariaDB Server project", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00074-00054224-00054720": "which is used everywhere, and a thriving developer's community, is what's best for MariaDB", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00075-00054720-00055408": "Corporation, so that's what I'm doing, there's no contradiction here, I just do what I believe in.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00076-00055560-00056136": "So then let's turn to the first blog, the challenges and visions for MariaDB Server,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00077-00056136-00056600": "so not all of the items in that blog are related to the 10.7", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00078-00056600-00057040": "preview releases, but since I have you here available to answer questions", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00079-00057040-00057784": "I'd like to ask some things about the other items. First on that one, continuous integration,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00080-00057784-00058455": "so one pain point pointed out there is the state of the development tree, where", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00081-00058455-00059048": "we confess that we are not yet in a situation where the MariaDB Server tree always passes all", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00082-00059048-00059567": "tests on all platforms, but we're working on it, so can you comment briefly on that one?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00083-00059816-00061072": "Yes, so we use Buildbot as our CI, and we have Buildbot that works for the last, maybe, 10 years,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00084-00061184-00062088": "and recently we're installing configuring a second Buildbot, a much newer version, on", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00085-00062088-00063128": "buildbot.mariadb.org, which Vicențiu and Vlad from MariaDB Foundation are working on, and the goal is", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00086-00063320-00063960": "to use this one in a way that ensures that the tree is always green, that things that break tests", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00087-00063960-00064584": "or don't compile never get even pushed into trunk, but we are not there yet, it's work in progress.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00088-00064967-00065616": "So every developer, every contributor, should be able to rely on the main development branch", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00089-00065616-00066216": "to work, so that the bugs they encounter when developing are theirs only. So when I", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00090-00066216-00066712": "contribute and I find a bug, it's my bug, not that of somebody else. Any comment on that?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00091-00066872-00067384": "No, besides I agree totally. There's nothing to comment on that.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00092-00067568-00068120": "Then about something that clearly touches more on the 10.7 preview releases. We say", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00093-00068120-00068800": "it's difficult to predict when a feature will be ready. Users are always asking for three things", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00094-00068800-00069432": "that are somewhat mutually exclusive. Features, by a deadline, without bugs.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00095-00069600-00070024": "We will inevitably have to strike some compromise between these three,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00096-00070024-00070536": "so what's in your mind the right priority order for features, deadline, bugs?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00097-00070688-00071264": "I wouldn't really want to prioritize, but I also agree with users who also want features at the", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00098-00071264-00072200": "right deadline, on the right schedule, without bugs. But if the feature isn't ready, then,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00099-00072200-00072832": "well it's not ready. We cannot just will it to be ready, it still needs time to be implemented,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00100-00072904-00073424": "there's nothing to do about if, it's not done, it just needs time, that's how it is.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00101-00073512-00074192": "A note that a new feature, there might be, I don't know, tens of hundreds or thousands of", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00102-00074192-00074840": "users waiting for the new feature. On the other hand, MariaDB has many millions of users and", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00103-00074920-00075352": "many of them rely on MariaDB to be been released on a predictable schedule,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00104-00075416-00076328": "and furthermore it's snowballing from there, because if we don't release in time, then it", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00105-00076328-00076800": "will not get into a specific Linux distribution, and those Linux distributions have even more,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00106-00076800-00077664": "many more users will get affected, so that's why we're making those choices, we're trying to", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00107-00077896-00078624": "make it inconvenient for as few users as possible. That basically means releasing on schedule.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00108-00078624-00079376": "So the pain point in agreeing whether it's a time-based or feature-based thing, you're saying", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00109-00079376-00080024": "it is time-based, and there's this analogy some people use about the train model,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00110-00080024-00080608": "that the train leaves the station, meaning a release is done at a certain time, and then", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00111-00080608-00081072": "the train doesn't wait for individual passengers who might miss the train,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00112-00081152-00081896": "meaning some features may be missing, so we say that missing a train is expensive, which sounds", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00113-00081896-00082576": "like a no-brainer, so why hasn't MariaDB always done that, or has MariaDB always done that?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00114-00082744-00083328": "No, we only started doing that in the last six maybe years.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00115-00083456-00083896": "So then time-based releases must have some drawbacks, so what are those?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00116-00084040-00084184": "If you use a train model, and", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00117-00084288-00084920": "the train leaves on schedule, then you always risk that the train will leave half-full, and", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00118-00084920-00085584": "if you are particularly unlucky, it might leave almost completely empty. This is not good for the", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00119-00085680-00086096": "company running the trains, they won't sell as many tickets as possible.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00120-00086192-00086640": "Then why don't we have more frequent trains, can we just not increase the", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00121-00086640-00087160": "number of train departures? I suppose you will say that has drawbacks too?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00122-00087304-00087944": "Yes, because trains, they consume some kind of fuel, and they're also", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00123-00087944-00088856": "not cheap to run, and that's why, going away from train, back to releases, then releasing", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00124-00088944-00089496": "too often again has its own costs, there's a cost in doing the release,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00125-00089496-00089920": "there's a cost in maintaining the release, so we're trying to balance that.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00126-00090160-00090904": "So that then gets us to the idea of 10.7.0 coming as preview releases.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00127-00091272-00091752": "Some of those concerns you thought could be solved using preview releases,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00128-00091752-00092432": "so let's turn to the thinking from that blog and also from the eight detail blogs, we defined one", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00129-00092432-00093184": "challenge as making MariaDB mature quicker. In which way was the experiment with several parallel", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00130-00093184-00094144": "preview releases of MariaDB Server 10.7 addressing this challenge of making MariaDB mature quicker?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00131-00094480-00094944": "It was actually like this on many different levels, but for example, how we did it before,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00132-00095024-00095568": "we had feature branches that when features were ready got merged into the trunk, then we release", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00133-00095568-00096336": "the trunk as MariaDB something alpha version, and then over the series of releases get matured", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00134-00096336-00097136": "until it gets to production quality, and the risk always is that there's some particularly", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00135-00097296-00098120": "unlucky bad design or buggy feature, and the whole trunk can mature only as fast as the worst", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00136-00098120-00099216": "feature in the trunk. Now what we did with preview releases, we released a preview binary from every", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00137-00099216-00099776": "feature branch without merging it into the trunk, and then there were six weeks of internal testing", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00138-00099888-00100760": "to see how good the feature is, and to somehow get a feeling of how fast it will mature, and only", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00139-00100760-00101344": "after that, after we were reasonably sure that all the features are good enough, then it gets merged", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00140-00101344-00101960": "into the trunk, and then we release it, together as one MariaDB binary with all the features.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00141-00102544-00103320": "One reason for doing that is that, I believe that there were two reasons for doing that. One is", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00142-00103320-00103864": "the congestion of merge hassle happening just before the release, that's an internal thing,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00143-00103944-00104696": "but then you also mentioned this preventing... that if there's one feature that is not", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00144-00104696-00105535": "good enough, then the one bad apple is not contaminating, causing the whole basket to rot,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00145-00105632-00106000": "and that would then mean that such features would not make it", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00146-00106000-00106600": "into the first normal merged release 10.7.1. Was that the idea?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00147-00106600-00107048": "Yes, and this actually happened. One of the features that you mentioned earlier did not", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00148-00107048-00107832": "make into the release because it didn't pass the quality checks, which actually proves... it's", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00149-00107976-00108535": "sad in a sense, but also it shows that we are serious about the quality,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00150-00108535-00108872": "and even if you had shown the features in the preview release,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00151-00108872-00109208": "but it didn't make the quality check, then we do not add to MariaDB 10.7.1.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00152-00109208-00110048": "It gets a new chance whenever 10.8 will happen I suppose?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00153-00110048-00110280": "Yes, if it will get", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00154-00110368-00111176": "to the minimum required maturity level, then it will get into the next release.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00155-00111408-00112056": "10.7.1 has appeared as well, and it was, if I remember correctly, declared release candidate,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00156-00112056-00112856": "RC. What was the logic behind that, such an early release with such a mature term?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00157-00112944-00113832": "Yes, because we skipped alphas and we did preview releases, they went out with basically", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00158-00113832-00114648": "alpha quality, although as later testing showed, many of them were better than alpha,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00159-00114648-00115320": "and then we've spent six weeks for every feature on internal testing, and we found and fixed", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00160-00115488-00116176": "no less than 50 bugs in all those features before adding them to the trunk, which was pretty", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00161-00116176-00116888": "much equivalent to what we had before on older life cycles from alpha to beta and over to RC,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00162-00116952-00117800": "so that's why the features that were added to the trunk, into the RC actually, they were", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00163-00117800-00118304": "much better than we usually push into the trunk, much more stable, much more mature,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00164-00118368-00119183": "because of this, not random testing in the wild, but actually targeted testing per feature.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00165-00119288-00119856": "And those bugs that we found, they were bugs that were never present in any of the releases,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00166-00119856-00120632": "they were bugs that none of our users will ever have to face, and as a result we thought that the", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00167-00120808-00121368": "server is mature enough to be close to what we could release as production,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00168-00121368-00121983": "that's why it's called release candidate, because it was a candidate for the release, eventually.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00169-00122256-00122800": "So I think that's the logic behind 10.7 0 and 10.7.1,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00170-00122856-00123568": "so it seems like you're quite happy about how the experiment worked out. Is that the case?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00171-00123568-00124144": "Yes, I think in my opinion it went pretty well, lots of bugs were found, features that", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00172-00124264-00124983": "got pushed were much better than in previous MariaDB releases", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00173-00125144-00126216": "that got merged into the trunk. They all got to be production quality by the time of the GA release,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00174-00126320-00126935": "but this time we can get to GA much sooner because of this restructuring of efforts.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00175-00127296-00127583": "So yes, I think it was working pretty well.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00176-00127752-00128152": "Excellent, that's good news. Anything else you wish to highlight on", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00177-00128216-00128759": "10.7? What's your favorite feature in 10.7? Or do you have one?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00178-00129152-00129840": "Of course my favorite features would be features I was personally involved in.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00179-00129968-00130552": "I think the one that I like the most, it's not very visible to users, but it's", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00180-00130616-00131704": "the one with provider plugins, because we always had this dilemma. We had numerous", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00181-00131704-00132408": "compression algorithms inside the server for InnoDB, earlier for TokuDB as well,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00182-00132408-00133096": "for Mroonga and for RocksDB, and the problem is that pretty much no user in the world,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00183-00133168-00133792": "almost no user would need to use all of them, but on the other hand there are definitely users who", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00184-00133792-00134416": "use every single one of them, so we cannot remove any of them because some users will be affected,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00185-00134416-00134912": "but no user needs all of them, but on the other hand because of this, because", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00186-00134992-00135568": "we have to ship them all, every user will need to install all the libraries for all the compression", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00187-00135568-00136400": "alternatives one will never ever use, and this pretty much sounds like an unsolvable problem", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00188-00136456-00137024": "and in 10.7 we have solved it, that's what I like about it solving an unsolveable problem...", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00189-00137024-00138144": "It's a good story to be your favorite feature, it's not just because you yourself were", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00190-00138200-00138784": "involved, so that's the good one.   Anything more you wish to say on 10.7,", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00191-00138896-00139024": "or the release model?", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00192-00139192-00139584": "No, wait for the next release, we hope it will be good enough.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00193-00139824-00140216": "Excellent, well thanks a lot Sergei Golubchik for this.", "ev7GNtUPRfM-00194-00140216-00140464": "Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "evtLH1GjK-Y", "text": {"evtLH1GjK-Y-00000-00000079-00000298": ">> When I got the scholarship, I was pretty excited.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00001-00000298-00000481": ">> We were dancing around in the front yard.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00002-00000481-00000581": "It was so exciting.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00003-00000581-00000681": "We were so excited.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00004-00000681-00000781": ">> I was shocked.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00005-00000781-00001024": "I had actually forgotten that I applied for it.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00006-00001024-00001185": ">> I was stunned.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00007-00001185-00001542": "I just sat there staring at my computer screen going \"Really?", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00008-00001542-00001643": "I cannot believe this.\"", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00009-00001643-00002068": ">> I texted my friend who won last year and asked him if it was fake or not.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00010-00002068-00002217": ">> I opened it, I'm like, \"Mom.\"", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00011-00002217-00002406": "I, like, busted out crying.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00012-00002406-00002648": ">> I felt super-excited.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00013-00002648-00002823": "I felt very blessed.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00014-00002823-00003358": ">> Me and my mom crying and then I screamed to my dad and he hugged me.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00015-00003358-00003939": "I literally just called everybody in my family, I'm like, \"I got scholarships,\" and they all", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00016-00003939-00004455": "just cheered with me because they know how big college is for me.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00017-00004455-00004980": ">> I feel like I'm getting recognition, like for my hard work.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00018-00004980-00005502": ">> To actually be recognized for something like this is huge, because in all honesty,", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00019-00005502-00005642": "it's never happened to me before.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00020-00005642-00006098": ">> It made me really excited, but it also took a lot off my plate and a lot of stress", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00021-00006098-00006611": "of how I'm going to pay it and what I'm going to pay with, and no loans, thankfully.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00022-00006611-00006954": ">> To receive the scholarship is absolutely huge for me.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00023-00006954-00007393": ">> To get this scholarship, it meant a whole great lot to me and my family.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00024-00007393-00007751": ">> Well, I've been working all summer and I've been trying to earn as much money as", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00025-00007751-00007851": "I can.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00026-00007851-00008263": "I was coming in right on the number as to whether I was going to be able to afford the", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00027-00008263-00008363": "semester.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00028-00008363-00009040": ">> A lot of bumps with my mom's health has, like, just created obstacle after obstacle.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00029-00009040-00009511": ">> Getting this scholarship just opens up a multitude of possibilities.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00030-00009511-00010052": ">> I was struggling before of how to pay for college as well as pay for my mom's hospital", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00031-00010052-00010152": "bills.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00032-00010152-00010653": ">> My goal is to get through college completely debt-free, so this was a big step towards", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00033-00010653-00010753": "that goal.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00034-00010753-00011196": ">> It was a nice surprise to know that I'm going to have that little bit of my debt covered", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00035-00011196-00011296": "in the future.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00036-00011296-00011692": ">> It meant a great deal to my family and I because it meant that I could continue my", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00037-00011692-00011797": "education.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00038-00011797-00012293": ">> I have two siblings, so it's already going to be quite a bit to pay for all this college.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00039-00012293-00012820": ">> Our family has a lot of financial problems, so it helps relieve a lot of stress off my", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00040-00012820-00013388": "family and I for books and all of the materials I need and the tuition.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00041-00013388-00013890": ">> Knowing that I don't have to worry about any of that financial stuff for the rest of", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00042-00013890-00014063": "the semester is really a breath of fresh air.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00043-00014063-00014487": ">> Paying for my books definitely because books are not cheap at all.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00044-00014487-00014951": ">> I don't have to spend the time worried about, oh, my gosh, like, I need to work this", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00045-00014951-00015051": "much.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00046-00015051-00015283": ">> Not having to work as much is one of the big things.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00047-00015283-00015641": ">> It'll help me pay for my gas for commuting because I am a commuter.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00048-00015641-00016135": ">> With this scholarship, it allows me to not have to worry so much about my financial", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00049-00016135-00016698": "position, so I don't have to get a part-time job, so then I can actually focus on more", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00050-00016698-00017041": "extracurricular things like performing in theater.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00051-00017041-00017636": ">> This scholarship will help me financially in any way that I will need it this year,", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00052-00017636-00017753": "in the future.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00053-00017753-00018009": ">> As my education goes on, it's going to get more expensive.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00054-00018009-00018196": "I'm going to have to take out loans.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00055-00018196-00018724": "So starting out with the scholarship, it's going to help not have that debt pile up over", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00056-00018724-00018824": "time.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00057-00018824-00019334": ">> My plans after CCC are to transfer into a four-year college.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00058-00019334-00020095": ">> I'm planning to transfer to a four-year school, probably Clarkson or UB, and get my", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00059-00020095-00020348": "Bachelor's in Computer Engineering.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00060-00020348-00020881": ">> Beyond CCC, I am going to transfer to Elmira College for fall 2019.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00061-00020881-00021160": "I am in their transfer program currently at CCC.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00062-00021160-00021859": ">> When I transfer out of CCC, I want to go to Clarkson and major in Engineering and Management.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00063-00021859-00022204": ">> After I finish my Bachelor's degree at Elmira, I plan to get my Master's degree there", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00064-00022204-00022608": "as well and begin teaching, hopefully in the Corning area.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00065-00022608-00022840": ">> Nursing has always been a dream of mine.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00066-00022840-00022959": "I love helping people.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00067-00022959-00023406": ">> Well, my goal is to hopefully do one of two things, to be a sports broadcaster or", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00068-00023406-00023606": "have like my own sports talk radio show.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00069-00023606-00024002": ">> I'm planning on fielding in psychiatric and get my Bachelor's in Nursing.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00070-00024002-00024618": ">> I'm going to school to be a social worker, so my major is Human Services, and I hope", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00071-00024618-00024786": "to work with crime victims.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00072-00024786-00025403": ">> With these scholarships, I can continue my education and go further, so fulfilling", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00073-00025403-00025620": "my dreams of becoming a preschool teacher.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00074-00025620-00026002": ">> It's going to help me achieve my dream of eventually being a nurse practitioner and", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00075-00026002-00026136": "this is the first step of that.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00076-00026136-00026533": ">> I know I'm going to get through college and we're just was -- we're really grateful.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00077-00026533-00026938": ">> Here I am, almost 50, back in college.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00078-00026938-00027177": "I didn't think I was ever going to be at this point.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00079-00027177-00027445": ">> Donations to scholarships truly make a difference.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00080-00027445-00027716": ">> Donations to scholarships truly make a difference.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00081-00027716-00027825": ">> Donations to scholarships . . .", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00082-00027825-00027989": ">> Truly make a difference.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00083-00027989-00028136": ">> Donations to scholarships . . .", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00084-00028136-00028250": ">> Truly make a difference.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00085-00028250-00028350": ">> Thank you.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00086-00028350-00028450": ">> Thank you.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00087-00028450-00028550": ">> Thank you.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00088-00028550-00028650": ">> Thank you.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00089-00028650-00028750": ">> Thank you.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00090-00028750-00028850": ">> Thank you.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00091-00028850-00028950": ">> Thank you.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00092-00028950-00029050": ">> Thank you.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00093-00029050-00029150": ">> Thank you very much.", "evtLH1GjK-Y-00094-00029150-00029151": "[ Music ]"}}, {"audio_id": "ev-7RCm0YbE", "text": {"ev-7RCm0YbE-00000-00000012-00000667": "Ohio University Libraries are committed to workingwith faculty to promote their research into thelarger scholarly community.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00001-00000667-00001395": "In continuing with ourcommitment, we are now active members of the OpenResearcher and Contributor ID Community or ORCiD.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00002-00001395-00001722": "Creating your ORCiD profile is a simple way to", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00003-00001722-00002256": "promote your scholarship, enhance your academicidentity while claiming your scholarly and", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00004-00002256-00002940": "creative output. Your ORCiD is a unique identifier connected to a digital resume or CV you can use to", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00005-00002940-00003391": "consolidate all of your scholarly and professional accomplishments.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00006-00003391-00004024": "Additionally, your ORCiD profilewill help you distinguish you from other Scholarsacross Academia.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00007-00004024-00004483": "But why would you want to spendtime creating yet another digital profile?", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00008-00004483-00004892": "Yes, this seems annoying but the return on your time iscertainly worth it.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00009-00004892-00005358": "Many journal publishers, funders repositories even institutions are increasingly", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00010-00005358-00005657": "using and even requiring ORCiDs.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00011-00005700-00006128": "For example, over 7,000 journals from many large publishers", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00012-00006128-00006635": "are using ORCiD to make article submissionseasier for researchers.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00013-00006733-00007116": "And increasingly, fundingorganizations are asking grant applicants", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00014-00007116-00007488": "tolink their funding history and ORCiD is an easy", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00015-00007488-00008072": "way to meet this criterion as a persistentunique identifier of you and your work", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00016-00008262-00008850": "Further, your ORCiD profile makes it easier topopulate biographical and disclosure forms to", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00017-00008850-00009079": "comply with Federal funding requirements.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00018-00009151-00009347": "By keeping your orchid up to date, you will", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00019-00009347-00009766": "reduce the time you spend repeatedly filling outthe same data on future", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00020-00009766-00010125": "manuscript submissionsand grant applications.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00021-00010125-00010682": "Your ORCiD profileisn't only for saving time with submittingmanuscripts or grant applications.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00022-00010703-00011015": "Scholars oftenuse their ORCiD profile to promote themselves by", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00023-00011015-00011474": "including it in their email signature, journalarticles, conference presentations,", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00024-00011474-00011689": "and personaland professional websites.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00025-00011723-00012342": "Rest assured, you have complete control over who can see what informationfrom your profile.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00026-00012376-00012907": "You can also include all yournamed identities as a scholar within your ORCiD profile.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00027-00012928-00013398": "Scholars may be published under variationsof their name or change their name in the future.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00028-00013398-00013828": "The ORCiD platform even supports non-latin-based characters.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00029-00013945-00014281": "To maximize the usefulnessof your ORCiD profile, we strongly encourage you", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00030-00014281-00014733": "to fill out the employment and education sections of your profile.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00031-00014777-00015240": "While we hope that you will be a part of the Bobcat Community for a very longtime.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00032-00015240-00015600": "Remember that your ORCiD belongs to youand nobody else.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00033-00015611-00015968": "So no matter where your careerand education take you", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00034-00015968-00016375": "you can continue to buildupon it as you progress through your career.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00035-00016375-00016785": "It's not just articles or grants that can be includedinto your profile.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00036-00016785-00017166": "A wide variety of scholarly andcreative works can be included.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00037-00017166-00017574": "These different works can include patents, data sets, artisticperformances,", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00038-00017574-00018160": "technical standards, lectures, and evensoftware are all among the many different output", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00039-00018160-00018465": "types that are welcome to be placed in your ORCiD profile.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00040-00018543-00018905": "No matter what your scholarly and creative outputs may be.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00041-00018905-00019416": "You can automatically import them from aggregators such as Scopus or", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00042-00019416-00019921": "publicationlinking sites like Crossref or you can manuallyadd them to your profile.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00043-00019952-00020361": "Creating your ORCiD profile is a free and easy way to digitallyconsolidate", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00044-00020361-00020612": "all of your employment, education,research,", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00045-00020618-00021000": "creative output, and grant funding into a single digital location.", "ev-7RCm0YbE-00046-00021074-00021694": "Please visit OhioUniversity Libraries or contact your librarian to learn more about creating your own ORCiD iD."}}, {"audio_id": "evVmWC_sSJ8", "text": {"evVmWC_sSJ8-00000-00000552-00000776": "Oh Hi, I didn’t see you there,", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00001-00000794-00001048": "so today let’s learn something about", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00002-00001064-00001230": "creating scene’s character.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00003-00001254-00001604": "To do it properly we invited some people to help us.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00004-00001786-00001988": "There are some factors that make the scene cinematic,", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00005-00002014-00002224": "some are more important than the others", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00006-00002260-00002462": "but they make their job together.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00007-00002520-00002728": "The first thing we’ll talk about in this video,", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00008-00002730-00003010": "but last to come when editing is music.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00009-00006164-00006602": "As you can see, music makes a huge difference", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00010-00006659-00006918": "in the outcome of a scene.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00011-00007048-00007676": "Look how the scene is dramatically changing if we use different shot types but the same camera movement,", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00012-00007723-00008006": "remember it’s more challenging for actors to stay in the shot.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00013-00008406-00008540": "Camera movement.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00014-00008578-00008824": "We told you that in the first episode.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00015-00008824-00009094": "So we’re reminding you to keep every camera movement smooth and not shaky.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00016-00009160-00009420": "And remember just like I said in the previous video", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00017-00009466-00009864": "you can change every rule but you have to do it with a reason.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00018-00010434-00010638": "Different things can be said", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00019-00010690-00010914": "by taking a light into the scene.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00020-00010914-00011316": "There is more to it than you think so we’ll just show you some lighting setups", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00021-00011316-00011540": "that bring specific emotions to the scene.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00022-00011904-00012236": "Speaking of actors, you can represent different types of acting,", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00023-00012246-00012622": "the main draw line is between theater acting", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00024-00012863-00013024": "and the film acting.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00025-00013141-00013568": "The first one can be described by just overacting so doing something that is not really natural", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00026-00013568-00013852": "but it’s easier to see for the viewer.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00027-00013906-00014118": "The second is more natural,", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00028-00014118-00014354": "we can almost feel emotions of a character.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00029-00014506-00014726": "Next thing that makes film cinematic is background blur.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00030-00014852-00015004": "Check examples", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00031-00015004-00015600": "You can see that on the first shot background isn’t really blurred which makes shot really documentar.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00032-00015600-00015846": "On second shot the background is more blurred.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00033-00015874-00016241": "This allows to separate the character from background,", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00034-00016262-00016602": "to put the attention of your viewer on character and nothing else.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00035-00016890-00017406": "Also blurring image gives you what is called “bokeh” so blurred light sources like for example street lantern.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00036-00017474-00017766": "And that can give the extra aesthetic value.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00037-00018022-00018302": "There you have some more advanced cinematic tips.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00038-00018338-00018480": "With this knowledge You’ll be able to make your own movie.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00039-00018480-00018754": "Thank You for staying with us.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00040-00018790-00019042": "We are glad if you made it through the whole series.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00041-00019074-00019178": "Bye guys!", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00042-00019212-00019386": "See You in the film industry!", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00043-00019400-00019530": "Or another Universe.", "evVmWC_sSJ8-00044-00019572-00019722": "*strange noises and screams*"}}, {"audio_id": "ew6phw1W-b8", "text": {"ew6phw1W-b8-00000-00000000-00000265": "Hello, everyone, this is Noble H. Mushtak", "ew6phw1W-b8-00001-00000265-00000496": "and today, we are doing another math problem", "ew6phw1W-b8-00002-00000504-00001086": "from October 2010, Round 1, Problem 1.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00003-00001470-00002278": "Let a star b equal the absolute value of the absolute value of a minus the absolute value of b.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00004-00002400-00002872": "If x star -4 equals 2, how many values could x have?", "ew6phw1W-b8-00005-00002940-00003058": "Now, before we do anything,", "ew6phw1W-b8-00006-00003092-00003294": "because we only have one star operation,", "ew6phw1W-b8-00007-00003370-00003526": "I just want to substitute --", "ew6phw1W-b8-00008-00003736-00004338": "Um, x and -4 into a and b so we don't have to deal with star operations anymore.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00009-00004410-00004482": "So, first.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00010-00004750-00005896": "[writes math equations down]", "ew6phw1W-b8-00011-00005924-00006276": "OK. So now we don't need to deal with any star operations anymore", "ew6phw1W-b8-00012-00006326-00006492": "Because we know that x star -4", "ew6phw1W-b8-00013-00006492-00006920": "equals the absolute value of the absolute value of x minus the absolute value of -4.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00014-00006986-00007202": "So now, we can just substitute that into our equation.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00015-00007331-00007776": "Now, we want to know how many solutions to our equation are there.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00016-00007895-00008250": "So, to do that, we need to", "ew6phw1W-b8-00017-00008316-00008728": "find the number of different equations WITHOUT absolute value signs.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00018-00008858-00009198": "So, if you're used to solving absolute value equations,", "ew6phw1W-b8-00019-00009250-00009462": "you should know how to do this. Otherwise,", "ew6phw1W-b8-00020-00009576-00009748": "I'll teach you how to do it in this video, but", "ew6phw1W-b8-00021-00009748-00010128": "I suggest tht you search how to solve absolute value equations", "ew6phw1W-b8-00022-00010128-00010324": "so you can better understand this topic.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00023-00010371-00010491": "Because that's --", "ew6phw1W-b8-00024-00010612-00010962": "That's a good topic to know in general, especially for math competitions.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00025-00010992-00011152": "And it can be confusing.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00026-00011234-00011420": "But it's good to know.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00027-00011454-00011804": "OK, so first, I just substituted the absolute value of -4 with 4", "ew6phw1W-b8-00028-00011804-00012137": "because that's the absolute value of -4 so that's just 4.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00029-00012180-00012686": "Now, I have the absolute value of of the absolute value of x minus 4 equals 2.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00030-00012884-00013063": "Now, we don't actually need to solve for x;", "ew6phw1W-b8-00031-00013063-00013249": "we just need to find the different equations.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00032-00013294-00013528": "So this is actually a lot easier problem than you might think.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00033-00013590-00013954": "So, for the absolute value of x, we have two substitutions:", "ew6phw1W-b8-00034-00013978-00014208": "x and -x.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00035-00014233-00014627": "So, we have the absolute value of x minus 4 equals 2", "ew6phw1W-b8-00036-00014663-00014790": "And the -- Uh, oh.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00037-00014852-00015024": "OR the absolute value", "ew6phw1W-b8-00038-00015256-00015397": "(because they can't both be 2 at the same time)", "ew6phw1W-b8-00039-00015440-00015841": "Or the absolute value of -x minus 4 equals 2.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00040-00015854-00016018": "So, now we have two equations.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00041-00016040-00016230": "But, now we need to substitute", "ew6phw1W-b8-00042-00016262-00016684": "those absolute values with two different absolute values --", "ew6phw1W-b8-00043-00016786-00017024": "With two different non-absolute value values.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00044-00017096-00017384": "So, the absolute value of x minus 4 is x minus 4", "ew6phw1W-b8-00045-00017420-00017656": "Or the negative of that, which is 4 minus x.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00046-00017692-00017924": "And the absolute value of -x minus 4", "ew6phw1W-b8-00047-00018046-00018490": "is -x minus 4, or the negative of that, which is x plus 4.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00048-00018548-00018930": "So, with the first equation, we substitute it with these two values", "ew6phw1W-b8-00049-00018930-00019199": "And with the second equation, we substitute it with these two values.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00050-00019258-00019370": "So let's do that.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00051-00019453-00019637": "So, we have x minus 4 equals 2", "ew6phw1W-b8-00052-00019637-00019919": "or 4 minus x equals 2 from the first equation.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00053-00019960-00020250": "And we also have -x minus 4 equals 2", "ew6phw1W-b8-00054-00020268-00020600": "OR x plus 4 equals 2 from the second equation.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00055-00020668-00020838": "Now, we have four equations,", "ew6phw1W-b8-00056-00020838-00021002": "so there's four values of x.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00057-00021028-00021276": "If you want to make sure that there's four values of x,", "ew6phw1W-b8-00058-00021276-00021628": "you can just check that none of the equations have the same solution", "ew6phw1W-b8-00059-00021628-00021752": "by solving all of the equations.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00060-00021772-00022104": "So, x=6, x=2,", "ew6phw1W-b8-00061-00022460-00022744": "x=-6, x=-2.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00062-00022770-00023038": "So those are our solutions to this equation.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00063-00023038-00023254": "If you really want to check it, you can plug x back in, but", "ew6phw1W-b8-00064-00023268-00023428": "I don't think we have to.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00065-00023436-00023692": "So, our answer is 4.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00066-00023817-00024001": "It was a pretty easy problem", "ew6phw1W-b8-00067-00024001-00024230": "if you know how to solve absolute value equations", "ew6phw1W-b8-00068-00024230-00024495": "If you don't, I suggest learning how to do that", "ew6phw1W-b8-00069-00024495-00024769": "or brushing up on it if you haven't done it in a long time.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00070-00024816-00025142": "Absolute values comes up a few times", "ew6phw1W-b8-00071-00025210-00025448": "in these competitions and they can be helpful to know.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00072-00025474-00025703": "If you're really good at absolute value equations,", "ew6phw1W-b8-00073-00025703-00025869": "it gives you an advantage at this competition.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00074-00025916-00026160": "So I suggest learning how to do that well.", "ew6phw1W-b8-00075-00026210-00026416": "And...that's it!", "ew6phw1W-b8-00076-00026520-00026657": "Have fun doing math!"}}, {"audio_id": "ewv66nBrpbo", "text": {"ewv66nBrpbo-00000-00001880-00002149": "Starting school is such a big step.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00001-00002149-00002368": "How do I know when my child is ready?", "ewv66nBrpbo-00002-00002368-00002828": "Children can start school as early as four years and nine months.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00003-00002828-00003121": "They need to be five by the end of July,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00004-00003121-00003455": "or they can hold off starting school until their sixth year.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00005-00003455-00003688": "Teachers are trained to teach children", "ewv66nBrpbo-00006-00003688-00003928": "at the age level in which they come in,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00007-00003928-00004119": "but the choice is up to parents whether", "ewv66nBrpbo-00008-00004119-00004500": "they feel that their child should start at four-and-a-half or six.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00009-00004500-00004665": "It's always difficult when you've got a child", "ewv66nBrpbo-00010-00004665-00004877": "who's got an April  May birthday.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00011-00004877-00004975": "April, May, June,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00012-00004975-00005231": "because they're quite young to start", "ewv66nBrpbo-00013-00005231-00005568": "and parents wonder whether to keep them at preschool", "ewv66nBrpbo-00014-00005568-00005856": "for another year or keep them at home for another year.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00015-00005856-00006287": "The three main things that I look at are obviously age,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00016-00006287-00006640": "their social skills and how they cope with changes.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00017-00006640-00006840": "Because all children are different,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00018-00006840-00007034": "they didn't all crawl at the same age,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00019-00007034-00007235": "they didn't all walk at the same age,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00020-00007235-00007384": "they didn't all speak at the same age –", "ewv66nBrpbo-00021-00007384-00007601": "and the same thing happens with children at school.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00022-00007601-00007844": "You might get five or six children", "ewv66nBrpbo-00023-00007844-00008024": "who are five in January,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00024-00008024-00008160": "and are going to start school,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00025-00008160-00008340": "but they're all at different levels.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00026-00008340-00008484": "Well from personal experience,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00027-00008484-00008750": "I had two children whose birthday,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00028-00008750-00008915": "they turned five in February", "ewv66nBrpbo-00029-00008915-00009147": "and another son who turned six in June,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00030-00009147-00009607": "and legally we could have sent our middle child to school,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00031-00009607-00009892": "but he was not ready emotionally or socially", "ewv66nBrpbo-00032-00009892-00010012": "to attend school.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00033-00010012-00010304": "So we delayed his start until he was five,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00034-00010304-00010550": "turning six in his first year of school,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00035-00010550-00010877": "and he had a much more successful start to school.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00036-00010877-00011052": "Sometime if you start them too early,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00037-00011052-00011219": "they're not mature enough at the other end,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00038-00011219-00011540": "ready for the complexity of study in the HSC.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00039-00011540-00011665": "That worries me", "ewv66nBrpbo-00040-00011665-00012083": "if our children aren't emotionally and academically ready for that.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00041-00012083-00012402": "Sometimes girls are ready a bit earlier than boys,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00042-00012402-00013039": "but I've found boys, that  are a little bit unsettled at preschool sometimes", "ewv66nBrpbo-00043-00013039-00013434": "when they start a routine at school,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00044-00013434-00013964": "they actually work very well because there's a set routine.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00045-00013964-00014299": "Starting school for a small child is physically demanding.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00046-00014299-00014596": "They need to be able to cope with a full day at school.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00047-00014596-00014847": "Often you'll find they'll come home and", "ewv66nBrpbo-00048-00014847-00015027": "they'll be falling asleep at dinner time,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00049-00015027-00015218": "that's absolutely normal.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00050-00015218-00015453": "Well, there are a number of things we like children to be able to do", "ewv66nBrpbo-00051-00015453-00015751": "so they don't ever have to feel embarrassed.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00052-00015751-00015976": "Can your child dress themselves,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00053-00015976-00016143": "can they leave their shoes on,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00054-00016143-00016370": "can they pack up their gear?", "ewv66nBrpbo-00055-00016370-00016707": "Getting them used to using toilets,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00056-00016707-00016872": "not their home toilet.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00057-00016872-00017104": "So going in and locking the door", "ewv66nBrpbo-00058-00017104-00017427": "and for boys to be able to use a urinal.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00059-00017427-00017674": "Sometimes little children don't know where to stand", "ewv66nBrpbo-00060-00017674-00018061": "and they stand in the urinal rather than in front of it.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00061-00018305-00018551": "Socially have they left mum?", "ewv66nBrpbo-00062-00018551-00018802": "Are they able to take turns?", "ewv66nBrpbo-00063-00018802-00019048": "Are they able to share?", "ewv66nBrpbo-00064-00019048-00019361": "Your child would need to feel comfortable mixing with children,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00065-00019361-00019554": "be able to play in their games,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00066-00019554-00019727": "know how to interrupt games,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00067-00019727-00020009": "know how to include others into their games.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00068-00020009-00020325": "Speaking nicely to other children if something happens", "ewv66nBrpbo-00069-00020325-00020450": "and they get upset about it.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00070-00020450-00020683": "Knowing how to deal with that situation –", "ewv66nBrpbo-00071-00020683-00021012": "and I mean in a four-and-a-half to five year old level,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00072-00021012-00021322": "I don't mean in an eight or nine year old level.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00073-00021590-00021755": "Children do not need to be able", "ewv66nBrpbo-00074-00021755-00021924": "to read and write to start school.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00075-00021924-00022057": "The thing you can give your children", "ewv66nBrpbo-00076-00022057-00022436": "before they come to school  are good social skills.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00077-00022436-00022551": "They need to be able to talk", "ewv66nBrpbo-00078-00022551-00022728": "and they need to be able to listen.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00079-00022728-00022942": "The reading and the writing is what I teach them", "ewv66nBrpbo-00080-00022942-00023046": "when they come to school.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00081-00023046-00023295": "If they have a bit of a turn with letters and numbers or whatever,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00082-00023295-00023669": "that's great, but the best skills they can have is", "ewv66nBrpbo-00083-00023669-00023944": "being able to listen and being able to speak.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00084-00023944-00024198": "You need your children to be able to hold a pencil,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00085-00024198-00024379": "get them to use not just pencils", "ewv66nBrpbo-00086-00024379-00024748": "but crayons and paints and clay and playdough", "ewv66nBrpbo-00087-00024748-00024971": "and all those things that will help them write well", "ewv66nBrpbo-00088-00024971-00025177": "when they do come to school.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00089-00025440-00025628": "Most schools in NSW these days", "ewv66nBrpbo-00090-00025628-00025806": "have a couple of preparation days,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00091-00025806-00025930": "one or two", "ewv66nBrpbo-00092-00025930-00026159": "where children come along.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00093-00026159-00026284": "I always say to parents", "ewv66nBrpbo-00094-00026284-00026491": "it's a really good idea to visit the school", "ewv66nBrpbo-00095-00026491-00026707": "you think you're going to send your child to.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00096-00026707-00026795": "Go along,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00097-00026795-00026933": "ring them up and say,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00098-00026933-00027101": "\"I'd like to come and have a look\".", "ewv66nBrpbo-00099-00027101-00027177": "Go for a walk-through,", "ewv66nBrpbo-00100-00027177-00027347": "bring your child along", "ewv66nBrpbo-00101-00027347-00027598": "and you'll get the idea whether you're going to be comfortable there –", "ewv66nBrpbo-00102-00027598-00027822": "whether your child's going to be comfortable there.", "ewv66nBrpbo-00103-00027822-00028055": "There's more information about starting school", "ewv66nBrpbo-00104-00028055-00028337": "at www.schoolAtoZ.com.au", "ewv66nBrpbo-00105-00028337-00028560": "including a free downloadable booklet called", "ewv66nBrpbo-00106-00028560-00028694": "Time to Start School."}}, {"audio_id": "ewZkkeDzjmg", "text": {"ewZkkeDzjmg-00000-00000313-00000731": "Hello, I'm Colin and here are today's headlines live from Pride House 2012 in London with", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00001-00000731-00000868": "Pinksixty.", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00002-00000868-00001302": "One of the 20th Century's literary giants, Gore Vidal, has died at his home in Los Angeles,", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00003-00001302-00001403": "aged 86.", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00004-00001403-00001867": "Vidal wrote the novel Myra Breckinridge, the screenplay for Ben Hur, and ran for office", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00005-00001867-00002027": "twice, losing both times.", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00006-00002027-00002532": "The equality campaign website, All Out, has just passed the one million member milestone.", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00007-00002532-00002941": "The group campaigns against homophobia around the world, and has had an impact in many high-profile", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00008-00002941-00003091": "cases.", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00009-00003091-00003528": "The US Democrats have agreed to make marriage equality part of their platform for election.", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00010-00003528-00003904": "The panel decided over the weekend to send the amendment up for final aproval at the", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00011-00003904-00004150": "annual convention in September.", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00012-00004150-00004519": "Catholic bishops in Kenya have said they oppose any attempt in influencing their traditional", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00013-00004519-00004836": "teachings around conctraception and gay marriage.", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00014-00004836-00005307": "Their comments follow its $4.2 billion drive to promote family planning in the country.", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00015-00005307-00005881": "And finally, photos have emerged from Steven Soderbergh's latest movie, Behind the Candelabra.", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00016-00005881-00006335": "Michael Douglas plays Liberace and Matt Damon, his lover, in this new HBO biopic, due out", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00017-00006335-00006435": "next year.", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00018-00006435-00006535": "That's all from us today.", "ewZkkeDzjmg-00019-00006535-00006623": "Join us again tomorrow."}}, {"audio_id": "ewcxzeIHsk8", "text": {"ewcxzeIHsk8-00000-00000000-00000600": "God creates the water and we dig wells. the enemy seeks to stop the wells by", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00001-00000600-00001088": "covering it with dirt. the wells become dry and the dry wells become prisons", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00002-00001088-00001524": "from the days of John the Baptist until now the Kingdom of Heaven suffers", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00003-00001524-00001839": "violence and the violent take it by force", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00004-00001839-00002346": "the world you live in is dying out of thirst. the church is the well where", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00005-00002346-00002949": "rivers of living water flow to bring life to people, break through to finances", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00006-00002949-00003561": "peace to families, healing to physical bodies and freedom to souls. join us as", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00007-00003561-00004821": "we go digging. Today we continue with the series Digging Wells. today I want to specifically touch on the subject of tongues, the gift of tongues chances one of the one of them one of", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00008-00004821-00005273": "the gifts that Holy Spirit has for us and I want us to kind of dissect this", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00009-00005273-00005778": "gift and the baptism of fire the filling of the Holy Ghost, why it's important and", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00010-00005778-00006497": "why do we need to exercise that gift of speaking in tongues and praying in", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00011-00006497-00007172": "spirit, Amen and so today we specifically dedicate this service that after this", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00012-00007172-00007479": "message that we're gonna pray for those of you that want to receive that gift", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00013-00007479-00008115": "and those of you that still think like oh I can get by, hopefully this message", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00014-00008115-00008547": "will convince you to hunger and thirst for the gift and desire and if you do", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00015-00008547-00008936": "Bible says that you will receive it. Amen and today we will pray at the end of the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00016-00008936-00009620": "service and you will receive that gift in Jesus mighty name and so the gift of", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00017-00009620-00010772": "speaking in tongues we receive Holy Spirit on the day of our salvation", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00018-00010772-00011235": "sometimes people and I made a mistake and sometimes just the way even", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00019-00011235-00011747": "preachers word it that you receive the Holy Spirit when you're you are baptized", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00020-00011747-00012065": "in the Holy Spirit with evidence of speaking in tongues. that's not so. Bible", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00021-00012065-00012564": "says that we receive the Holy Spirit on the day of our salvation, that we are", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00022-00012564-00013391": "sealed by the Holy Spirit until the day of our until until the day our salvation", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00023-00013391-00014322": "and so when we are saved when we are saved, we received the Holy Spirit", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00024-00014322-00015222": "but when we are baptized in the Holy Spirit we release the Holy Spirit, we", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00025-00015222-00016137": "release his power that was given to us.  in John chapter 20 verses 22 he says", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00026-00016137-00016756": "that Jesus and and with that he breathed on them and said receive the Holy", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00027-00016756-00017406": "received the Holy Spirit. we see that in that instance disciples they received", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00028-00017406-00017922": "the Holy Spirit in their spirit but they were not speaking in tongues yet, they", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00029-00017922-00018378": "were not baptized in the Holy Spirit and that's why Jesus saw the disciples when", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00030-00018378-00018900": "he was leaving to make sure that you wait in Jerusalem because you're about", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00031-00018900-00019434": "to go to the next level. you're about to you're about what you received that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00032-00019434-00019935": "package is about to be unpacked. the package you're about to be baptized in", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00033-00019935-00020403": "in Holy Spirit and you're about to be unleashed, you're about to be you're about to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00034-00020403-00020856": "received and filled in the Holy Spirit and being powered by him and that's why in", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00035-00020856-00021444": "Acts chapter chapter 2 we see in verses four that during the day of", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00036-00021444-00021929": "Pentecost the Holy Spirit came upon them and they begin to speak in other tongues", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00037-00021929-00022920": "as the Holy Spirit enabled them.  also in the story of Saul when", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00038-00022920-00023504": "he was persecuting the church we see that he was going against Jesus, he was", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00039-00023504-00024018": "going against the church and Jesus met him and he rebuked him and during the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00040-00024018-00024704": "time  during that time Saul he said Lord, what have you what will you", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00041-00024704-00025188": "have me do and we see that he declared Jesus as Lord. Bible says when we confess", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00042-00025188-00025500": "with our mouth and declared that he is Lord and with the heart we believe that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00043-00025500-00026106": "we are saved. so we see upon that moment he received the Holy Spirit. how do we", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00044-00026106-00026783": "know that? because when he came into the city and Ananias he came out he called him", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00045-00026783-00027576": "brother brother Saul and we know that you can't be he would he would have not", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00046-00027576-00028095": "been a brother unless he was born again so through the scripture we see that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00047-00028095-00028587": "upon encounter with Jesus Saul he received the Spirit of God. he was saved", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00048-00028587-00029388": "but then and further down in Ananias he prayed for him to be filled with the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00049-00029388-00029844": "Holy Spirit and Apostle Paul was filled and baptized in the Holy Spirit so we", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00050-00029844-00030208": "see throughout  the New Testament the importance of", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00051-00030208-00030966": "being filled and being baptized with evidence of speaking in tongues and it's", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00052-00030966-00031683": "kind of like this like couple weeks ago I was applying for a business credit", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00053-00031683-00032097": "card with American Express and as I was going through application I applied it", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00054-00032097-00032420": "after the application said congratulations", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00055-00032420-00033105": "you received a unlimited  credit card for your business. I was like", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00056-00033105-00033444": "wow I mean I was expecting maybe a couple thousand maybe ten thousand of", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00057-00033444-00034236": "limit or whatever but I received an unlimited credit line and I was like", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00058-00034236-00034731": "wow that's so cool but even though I had access now to the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00059-00034731-00035115": "online portal I could see the account number, I could access", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00060-00035115-00035676": "all the all the backend stuff I had to wait for the card to come in and once the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00061-00035676-00036183": "card came in there is a sticker on the card says before using call to what? to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00062-00036183-00036834": "activate it right? so that's kind of how how it is when we get saved. we receive", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00063-00036834-00037238": "the Holy Spirit. now we don't have to have any prerequisites, we don't have to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00064-00037238-00037776": "qualify, we don't have to have a good life, we don't have to be righteous on", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00065-00037776-00038283": "our own, we don't have to have a good standing. God just gives it to us just for free", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00066-00038283-00038678": "he makes us righteous. we receive the Holy Spirit but when we were filled and", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00067-00038678-00039053": "baptized by the Holy Spirit it's like we've been activated and now that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00068-00039053-00039522": "unlimited resource and power is at our disposal and a power works through us", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00069-00039522-00039959": "and flows through us like a river, Amen", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00070-00040146-00041061": "and with that when we have baptized when we are baptized in the Holy Spirit", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00071-00041061-00041694": "with evidence of speaking in tongues we have a great gift at our disposal that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00072-00041694-00042499": "we could use to enhance our life and to fulfill the calling of God upon our life", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00073-00042499-00043177": "and so today I want to kind of dive in and discover few benefits. there are many", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00074-00043177-00043596": "benefits that we see in the Bible but today I kind of want to focus on few big", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00075-00043596-00044174": "ones. the benefits of having that gift and utilizing and speaking in tongues", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00076-00044174-00044765": "praying in the Holy Ghost, praying in the spirit Amen", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00077-00044852-00045468": "first thing that I want to focus attention on is that speaking in tongues", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00078-00045468-00046168": "speaking praying in a spirit it enhances our prayer life. see when we pray in our", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00079-00046168-00046693": "own language we're limited. we are limited by our words. you know sometimes", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00080-00046693-00047161": "have you been sometimes in a situation in a place where you had something to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00081-00047161-00047565": "express, you had this excitement, you had some kind of a feeling you want to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00082-00047565-00047996": "express but your words just fell short. have you ever experienced that?", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00083-00047996-00048714": "because our language is limited. you know knowing couple of languages I can see where", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00084-00048714-00049203": "in certain areas certain language can be more expressive and in other areas the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00085-00049203-00049699": "other language can be more limited and those of you that are bilingual you can", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00086-00049699-00050019": "agree with me right? there's some languages that could some languages", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00087-00050019-00050394": "are easy to express certain things and other languages it's harder to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00088-00050394-00050805": "express. so the reason why God gave up his language because he knew that our", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00089-00050805-00051513": "language is limited and our words are limited, our sounds are limited so God", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00090-00051513-00052002": "has given us God has given us his language so that we will not be limited", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00091-00052002-00052482": "by our language whatever language whatever language you speak. I", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00092-00052482-00053035": "believe I read a statistic that said that English an average person that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00093-00053035-00053449": "speaks English knows eleven thousand words. it used to be 14,000 but", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00094-00053449-00054229": "with each generations kind of decreasing so unfortunately but regardless of your", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00095-00054229-00054754": "capacity of your vocabulary you might not be able to express your full desire", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00096-00054754-00055242": "you might be be able to express that the fullness that you feel on inside you can", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00097-00055242-00055687": "express God or worship God the way you you feel like he needs to be worshiped. God", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00098-00055687-00056116": "has given us his language, he's given us a gift that we can worship God, we can", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00099-00056116-00056785": "express to God on his language with no limitation in Jesus name Amen", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00100-00056785-00057301": "we are also limited by our head knowledge. we can pray only for what we", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00101-00057301-00057934": "understand and what we know and how many of you agree that we are very limited? if", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00102-00057934-00058336": "you get yourself in a situation you know sometimes we look at the situation we", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00103-00058336-00058837": "see no way out. logically we see no way forward but this is where when you pray", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00104-00058837-00059344": "in the Spirit, when you pray in tongues, Holy Spirit can pray through you, praying", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00105-00059344-00059950": "through a way out. praying a way forward for you Amen", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00106-00059950-00060382": "sometimes you find yourself in a situation and you're faced with either", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00107-00060382-00060808": "or option because that's all you're limited to by your head knowledge but", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00108-00060808-00061266": "when you pray in the spirit there are many options the Holy Spirit can open", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00109-00061266-00061742": "and guide you through", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00110-00061899-00062863": "sometimes we find ourselves in a particular predicament and we begin to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00111-00062863-00063412": "pray to God and we begin to cry to cry out God please take me out of this", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00112-00063412-00063823": "situation and we begin to put God in a box. it's the only way he can take us out", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00113-00063823-00064350": "because that's our only option but when we allow Holy Spirit to pray through us", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00114-00064350-00064822": "when we allow Holy Spirit to pray in us and through us God begins to open doors", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00115-00064822-00065376": "for us and we begin to move forward in Jesus name Amen", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00116-00065604-00066340": "Bible says that oftentimes we don't receive an answer to the prayer because", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00117-00066340-00067117": "we do not pray in accordance to the will of God. sometimes our will, our desires", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00118-00067117-00067546": "and in our wishes and our prayers they're not in alignment with", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00119-00067546-00067966": "the will of God. we think that this person is the best person to spend a", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00120-00067966-00068359": "life with and so we're praying God let this person love me, let this person be with", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00121-00068359-00068902": "me but God but that's not God's will sometimes we go we get into a", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00122-00068902-00069313": "business contract we think this business contract will take us to the next level", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00123-00069313-00069685": "but God sees the outcome of it and he sees where it's gonna take our life and", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00124-00069685-00070363": "it's not where we should be, what direction we should we", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00125-00070363-00070975": "should be going and so when we pray in spirit, when we when we pray in tongues", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00126-00070975-00071425": "we pray in accord we always pray in accordance to the will of God because", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00127-00071425-00071944": "Holy Spirit is always in sync with the Father. we always pray exactly what needs", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00128-00071944-00072418": "to be prayed at the exact time. it's a perfect language. it's a direct line to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00129-00072418-00072889": "God without any distractions, without any motives on the way Holy Spirit prays", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00130-00072889-00073405": "through us and he knows us the best and he's leading us to a best life in Jesus", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00131-00073405-00074425": "name Amen Church. oftentimes what happens is we pray reactively. what I mean is", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00132-00074425-00074923": "that we find yourself in a situation, we find ourselves in trouble, we find", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00133-00074923-00075178": "ourselves in sickness, we find ourselves in a", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00134-00075178-00075706": "setback, we find ourselves at the end of a rope, at the end of the road and we", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00135-00075706-00076255": "begin to pray to God God please save me but when we pray in spirit, when we pray", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00136-00076255-00076969": "in tongues we don't pray reactively,  we pray preemptively. we begin to Holy", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00137-00076969-00077416": "Spirit through us begins to cancel every plan of the enemy. he begins to cancel every", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00138-00077416-00077887": "attack that might be coming our way. we begin to prophesy into our future and", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00139-00077887-00078316": "begin to build a life and guide our life in Jesus mighty name.", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00140-00078316-00078871": "the Bible says that our tongue is like a steering wheel. it guides our life and", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00141-00078871-00079294": "but the problem is like we discussed, our time number one is", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00142-00079294-00079897": "limited and and then two it's sometimes destructive actually and so when we", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00143-00079897-00080347": "surrender our tongue to the Holy Spirit he can begin to guide and lead us by", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00144-00080347-00081067": "praying through us into direction where our life needs to go. so then we don't", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00145-00081067-00081490": "find ourselves at the end of the road and ask him God why and God has to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00146-00081490-00081826": "rescue us and reroute us a different direction", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00147-00081826-00082426": "when Holy Spirit prays through us we are moving forward to the call that God and", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00148-00082426-00082882": "the purpose that God has for us Amen. Holy Spirit knows the future. he knows", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00149-00082882-00083440": "things to come and he can be praying and he can preemptively begin to stop the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00150-00083440-00084091": "things that will harm us and and reroute the smoothest position in a place", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00151-00084091-00084427": "where we will not be harmed but we will be blessed in Jesus name Amen", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00152-00084427-00084925": "there's a man called Martin out of Georgia in USA. his testimony goes like", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00153-00084925-00085777": "this, he got saved, he got baptized in the Holy Spirit and received", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00154-00085777-00086275": "the gift of speaking in tongues and one day and one day he came home and he just", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00155-00086275-00086833": "had this urge this serious urge to pray in the spirit. he didn't understand why he", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00156-00086833-00087160": "just understood he just kind of have  had a sensation that it would be", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00157-00087160-00087568": "but he'll be praying for somebody but he know who what or why and he began to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00158-00087568-00087928": "speak in tongues. he begin to pray intensively and he spent some time", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00159-00087928-00088426": "praying and then after some time when he was done praying he received a phone", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00160-00088426-00088918": "call, a phone call that no parent would like to receive and a phone call went", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00161-00088918-00089266": "like this, it was a state trooper on the other side that said that your daughter", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00162-00089266-00089877": "was in a severe car accident. the car is completely smashed and broken. even the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00163-00089877-00090469": "engine block got smashed open and and and crushed and he said your daughter is", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00164-00090469-00091051": "okay but he's like in so many years I have been a state trooper I've seen many accidents", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00165-00091051-00091555": "going off the freeway at 80 miles an hour and hitting the tree he said I've never", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00166-00091555-00092550": "seen anybody survive like your daughter did and she is without a scratch", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00167-00092550-00093106": "and of course father was relieved that his daughter was okay. he asked him what", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00168-00093106-00093491": "time did that take place? when the officer told him the time that it took", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00169-00093491-00093931": "place the Holy Spirit quickly reminded him it was the time that he felt", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00170-00093931-00094772": "the urge to pray in the spirit so when we when we pray in the spirit now you", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00171-00094772-00095249": "don't have to be you know you don't have to wait for the urge and desire to pray", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00172-00095249-00095836": "Apostle Paul says I pray at will so that means every time when you spend time", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00173-00095836-00096151": "with God, when you have a fellowship with God you pray for your needs", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00174-00096151-00096536": "Apostle Paul calls us to pray in our natural language but as well also", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00175-00096536-00096892": "pray in the spirit. once you had that time begin to pray in the spirit", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00176-00096892-00097391": "begin to set time aside in your day where you preemptively together with the Holy", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00177-00097391-00097742": "Spirit begin to go to your future begin  to go into your life when you", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00178-00097742-00098105": "begin to intercede for things sometimes you know what you're praying for and", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00179-00098105-00098533": "sometimes you don't but nonetheless Holy Spirit is praying through you and he is", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00180-00098533-00099004": "working in your life in Jesus name Amen church", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00181-00099054-00099585": "so it enhances our prayer life. let me put it this way", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00182-00099585-00100342": "police, medical staff, military they have their own língo you know alpha ten go", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00183-00100342-00100804": "out umbrella whatever those things right the eagle has landed", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00184-00100804-00101218": "you know bear has left the nest or whatever all these all these fancy", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00185-00101218-00101887": "things but the reason why they have their own lingo is for them to better", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00186-00101887-00102361": "and more effectively to communicate. same thing as police they have their codes", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00187-00102361-00102819": "they call in each other. they don't have to explain this big ol long sentences, they", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00188-00102819-00103284": "just say call you know call in and say code twenty nine. everybody knows I don't", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00189-00103284-00103536": "know if it's actually they don't get don't hold me to it I don't know if that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00190-00103536-00103995": "but I've heard something like that okay. you know everybody on the radio knows", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00191-00103995-00104275": "what's happening. they have codes for when a police", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00192-00104275-00104661": "officer is getting attacked or ambushed. they have codes for emergencies and so", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00193-00104661-00105040": "instead of describing the whole situation they just say this code or", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00194-00105040-00105415": "like in a hospital Code Red. you know everybody knows what's", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00195-00105415-00105930": "happening on the medical staff. no need to explain we got this hospital, male age", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00196-00105930-00106357": "29 this and this and this and that. everybody in medical staff knows what", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00197-00106357-00107067": "that code means so when we pray in spirit God Holy Spirit and the Father", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00198-00107067-00107882": "they have these codes, they can communicate between each other okay", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00199-00107882-00108633": "to the outsider it's it's nonsense to the outsider makes no sense. even to you", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00200-00108633-00109164": "when the Holy Spirit prays through you it might not make sense but Holy Spirit", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00201-00109164-00109524": "is communicating through  heavenly frequency, heavenly language", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00202-00109524-00109964": "with the Father and business is being done, things are being done on", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00203-00109964-00110397": "your behalf, in your life, in your destiny for the people around you in Jesus name", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00204-00110397-00111438": "Amen. so it enhances your prayer life. number two I believe that speaking in", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00205-00111438-00111959": "tongues frequently speaking in tongues  Bible says it builds our faith. in", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00206-00111959-00112620": "Jude chapter one verse 20 here encourages us to pray in tongues because", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00207-00112620-00113325": "it builds our most holy faith and keeps us in the love of God. see faith is", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00208-00113325-00113814": "a crucial element in our Christian walk. without faith Bible says that it's", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00209-00113814-00114414": "impossible to please God. without faith we can't receive anything from God. faith", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00210-00114414-00114830": "is a heavenly currency. it's what transports things from", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00211-00114830-00115449": "spiritual into natural and so if we don't have faith we won't function as we", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00212-00115449-00116135": "intended to. we won't be as efficient as we supposed to be as Christians and so", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00213-00116135-00116652": "oftentimes we are weak in our spirit because we do not pray in the spirit", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00214-00116652-00117072": "because we don't pray in tongues because Apostle Paul lets us know that when we", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00215-00117072-00117728": "pray in tongues when we pray in the spirit we are building up our faith. oftentimes", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00216-00117728-00118251": "we get struck by temptation. we get struck by fiery Bible says fiery darts", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00217-00118251-00118877": "of the enemy is because our Shield of faith is small. okay have you seen some", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00218-00118877-00119453": "of these old times and you know different armies have different shields", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00219-00119453-00119858": "Roman had shields where it covered their all the entire body. they could hide", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00220-00119858-00120249": "behind their entire body but have you seen some of these armies that had a", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00221-00120249-00120617": "shield like this little around shield, you like what do I protect with this here", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00222-00120617-00120936": "there. they're like you know like it's not", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00223-00120936-00121401": "how do you fight with that shield and so sometimes I feel like", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00224-00121401-00121870": "that's how that's how we how we are when we go into the battle. you know our", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00225-00121870-00122364": "shield is non-existent or small. we can't hide behind it and so when we pray in", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00226-00122364-00122826": "spirit we'll build our faith and we've shown this where we can resist the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00227-00122826-00123244": "temptations, we can resist the fiery darts of the enemy, we can resist", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00228-00123244-00124059": "negative thoughts, we can resist the negativity because we are built up. so", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00229-00124059-00124507": "many times in my life when I felt discouraged when I felt like you know I", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00230-00124507-00125004": "it's just felt down and in prayer instead of just whining and", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00231-00125004-00125340": "complaining to God why is this not happening why is that not happening but", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00232-00125340-00125782": "I begin to pray in tongues and as Holy Spirit begins to fill me and it begins", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00233-00125782-00126126": "to bubble up in the spirit, begins to flow like a river. afterwards you come", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00234-00126126-00126510": "out like a lion, like nothing is impossible. you feel built, you feel", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00235-00126510-00126999": "strong, you can take on the world, you can take on the day. build your faith by", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00236-00126999-00127584": "praying in spirit, by praying in tongues Amen. the other thing that the other", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00237-00127584-00128025": "benefit that I didn't really hear anybody after speak and I didn't", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00238-00128025-00128427": "understand it but as I start studying that more I begin to hear more", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00239-00128427-00128910": "testimonies and realize that speaking in tongues also brings divine health and", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00240-00128910-00129516": "healing to our body and it comes from 1st Corinthians chapter 14 verse 4 it", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00241-00129516-00130045": "says that we when we speak in tongues we edify oneself and when I heard that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00242-00130045-00130432": "Scripture I always thought that it speaks of our spirit, kind of like similar", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00243-00130432-00130999": "to what we talked about edifying meaning building our faith. but it says here that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00244-00130999-00131686": "we're not building our faith. it says we're edifying ourselves and not just our", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00245-00131686-00132619": "spirit but our entire selves, our body, soul and our spirit. see I knew about the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00246-00132619-00132990": "spirit I figured about like the soul you know when you pray in tongues. I've", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00247-00132990-00133437": "experienced that you know you feel stronger, you feel more positive and all", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00248-00133437-00133858": "that stuff. I never thought an aspect that it could bring healing and rejuvenation", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00249-00133858-00134373": "to our body. see the word edify in that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00250-00134373-00135462": "context it says it's a Greek word it's a Greek word or ekodama oh that means to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00251-00135462-00136290": "build a house, erect a building, repair or remodel so one Bible says Bible says", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00252-00136290-00136713": "that we are the temple that our body is the temple of the Holy Spirit", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00253-00136713-00137235": "so if here we're talking about that you edify, you build, you remodel you", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00254-00137235-00137751": "repair, you edify one selves that means you can receive healing in your body", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00255-00137751-00138246": "rejuvenation, strength in your body when you pray in spirit when you pray in", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00256-00138246-00138676": "tongues", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00257-00138815-00139374": "I heard this testimony of this person, this this man, this general called Perry he", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00258-00139374-00140079": "had so he was saved and he was baptized in the Holy Spirit and he was with", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00259-00140079-00140901": "evidence of speaking in tongues and  at the point one point of his life he", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00260-00140901-00141450": "was discovered that he had an inch and a half cyst on his pancreas and it", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00261-00141450-00141836": "required a surgery and a surgery is very complex to remove cysts from pancreas", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00262-00141836-00142359": "it's actually more complicated than doing a heart transplant so obviously he", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00263-00142359-00143079": "was scared, he was afraid, he was you know he was discouraged and as he", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00264-00143079-00143367": "was reading about when he went home as he was reading a Bible he came across", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00265-00143367-00143778": "this verse 1st Corinthians chapter 14 for that as you pray in tongues you", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00266-00143778-00144351": "edify yourself you build yourself up and he said and he begin to pray in tongues", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00267-00144351-00144765": "he begins to for next two months he began intensely to pray in tongues. when", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00268-00144765-00145479": "he went back for his pre surgery kind of exam they discovered that his", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00269-00145479-00145865": "cyst shrunk by more than half", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00270-00146300-00147109": "and and so then and the doctor said that there's no longer a need for for surgery", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00271-00147109-00147747": "that were obviously surprised that that happened and he continued to pray and we", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00272-00147747-00148321": "believe that he received his full healing but when we pray in the spirit", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00273-00148321-00148969": "when we pray in tongues we also edify our body. when we pray in", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00274-00148969-00149734": "the spirit we also he also gives us power over fear and anxiety. in Jude", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00275-00149734-00150094": "chapter one the story the one that we read it says that God will keep us in", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00276-00150094-00150804": "his love. in first John chapter four verse 18 says that perfect love casts", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00277-00150804-00151101": "out all fear. when we pray in the spirit when we pray", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00278-00151101-00151791": "in tongues we are able to counter every fear and every anxiety that comes", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00279-00151791-00152361": "in our life so if you feel anxious, if you feel afraid, if you feel like that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00280-00152361-00152889": "you know you're being overwhelmed begin to pray in spirit, begin to counter that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00281-00152889-00153322": "with the Spirit of God. begin to pray in the spirit and you will see how that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00282-00153322-00153784": "fear how God is gonna begin to move you into his presence where everything else", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00283-00153784-00154222": "fades where he's gonna begin to fill you with his love by his Spirit and his love", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00284-00154222-00154787": "will break away every fear, anxiety and every anxiousness", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00285-00154803-00155431": "in 2nd Timothy chapter 1 verse 6 and 7 says therefore i remind you to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00286-00155431-00156016": "stir up the gift of God which is in you to the laying on of my hands for God has", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00287-00156016-00156688": "not given a spirit of fear but of power and of love and of sound mind. you feel", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00288-00156688-00157060": "like you're losing your mind. you can't take it anymore. begin just pray in your", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00289-00157060-00157660": "spirit and you will see how Holy Spirit will begin to bring life and begin to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00290-00157660-00158125": "cast out the fear and break the grip of fear and anxiety over your life in Jesus", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00291-00158125-00158860": "name Amen church. Amen and last thing is that there's many", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00292-00158860-00159265": "there's many things but the last thing that we're gonna mention is gives you", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00293-00159265-00160003": "boldness to witness. gives you boldness to witness in Acts chapter 1 verse 8", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00294-00160003-00160429": "that we see when the Holy Spirit filled them that they were filled with power", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00295-00160429-00161032": "and boldness to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ, to preach the gospel of", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00296-00161032-00161509": "Jesus Christ. every one of us are different here and some of us are more", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00297-00161509-00162079": "outgoing, some of us are more reserved and witnessing and approaching a stranger", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00298-00162079-00162436": "when God puts in our heart or talking to some person or even talking to a friend", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00299-00162436-00162985": "sometimes can be intimidating and hard to break that first barrier, to begin to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00300-00162985-00163384": "talk to them about Jesus, to share the gospel with them. this is where Holy", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00301-00163384-00163927": "Spirit comes into play. he knows we're weak, he knows that we are we're not", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00302-00163927-00164419": "where we need to be and that's why Holy Spirit comes in us and when we pray in", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00303-00164419-00164902": "tongues he gives us boldness to be bold for the sake of Jesus, to be bold", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00304-00164902-00165430": "for the sake of the gospel, to spread his gospel all across the earth, to share the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00305-00165430-00166060": "gospel with people about Jesus and bring and bring the gospel to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00306-00166060-00166504": "the people around us, Amen there are many benefits the Bible lists", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00307-00166504-00167017": "as it shows us is to praying the benefits to pray in tongues, to pray in", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00308-00167017-00167509": "the spirit. another one one of the benefits is helps us to be sensitive", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00309-00167509-00167794": "to the Holy Spirit to be sensitive to the gifts of the Holy", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00310-00167794-00168537": "Spirit. one other one that says that it helps us to to to tame and to control", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00311-00168537-00169053": "our tongue when we pray in the Holy Ghost tongue and there's many other benefits but I", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00312-00169053-00169807": "want us to make a determination today and reignite the desire and to be", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00313-00169807-00170388": "prayerful in the spirit to allow the Holy Spirit to pray through us. Amen. to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00314-00170388-00170889": "allow the Holy Spirit to work through us. oftentimes you know what happened is we", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00315-00170889-00171295": "when there's a conference, where there's a man of God, woman of God comes to some", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00316-00171295-00171694": "place or comes to this church we eagerly want to go and ask them to lay their", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00317-00171694-00172089": "hands on us and pray for us right? and it's nothing wrong with it. it's all good.", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00318-00172089-00172636": "it's biblical. It's scriptural. we should do that but Bible says the Holy Spirit", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00319-00172636-00173298": "wants to pray through us for us right? while we sometimes put so much attention", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00320-00173298-00173748": "to have the man of God or a woman of God to pray for us but ignore the fact that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00321-00173748-00174297": "in our everyday life in a prayer walk. Holy Spirit wants to pray for us. God", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00322-00174297-00175461": "himself wants to pray for us but we have to give him an opportunity to do so okay", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00323-00175461-00175863": "we have to give an opportunity to pray through us. we have to open our mouth", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00324-00175863-00176573": "Apostle Paul says that that praying tongues as I will. you have to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00325-00176573-00177234": "intentionally open your mouth and begin to pray in Jesus name Amen and so", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00326-00177234-00177752": "quickly I want to talk about how to receive this gift. in Luke chapter 11", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00327-00177752-00178439": "verse 13 it says this, that by asking God if you then though you are evil know how", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00328-00178439-00178884": "to give good gifts to your children how much more will your Father in Heaven", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00329-00178884-00179228": "give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00330-00179228-00179579": "if you want to receive that gift of speaking in tongues, if you want to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00331-00179579-00179942": "receive the baptism of the Holy Spirit all you have to do is ask", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00332-00179942-00180428": "that's that simple. it's that simple. all you have to do ask. in Bible says the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00333-00180428-00180900": "moment you ask he gives it to you. the moment you ask he gives it you. so then", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00334-00180900-00181514": "what do you do then? you receive by faith that I have received it. if you ask God", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00335-00181514-00181944": "immediately he gives it you just like when you are saved when you came to the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00336-00181944-00182409": "front and you pray the prayer say Lord Jesus forgive me of my sins, receive me", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00337-00182409-00182889": "as your son, as your daughter. the moment you pray that prayer you take it by", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00338-00182889-00183369": "faith - you're saved right? you are saved right? at the moment in the same sense", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00339-00183369-00183876": "when you pray God and ask God fill me with your Holy Spirit in the same manner", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00340-00183876-00184395": "you received by faith that I got it. then what do you do then? you open your mouth", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00341-00184395-00185196": "and begin to speak. Bible says that they spoke as spirit filled them. often times", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00342-00185196-00185759": "people think that oh you have to you have to be overwhelmed, you have to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00343-00185759-00186143": "be taken over. Holy Spirit has to just take over and over you and you just", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00344-00186143-00186548": "gonna it's gonna come out automatically without your doing. that's not the way it", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00345-00186548-00187130": "is. sometimes it happens true but most of the time that's not the way it is. Bible", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00346-00187130-00187637": "says they spoke as the Holy Spirit enabled them. so that means you have to", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00347-00187637-00188087": "open your mouth, you have to begin to make noise and syllables and trust that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00348-00188087-00188723": "the syllables, the noise that you're making by faith that Holy Spirit takes", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00349-00188723-00189329": "it and make sense of it to the Father. that by faith those noises and those", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00350-00189329-00189761": "syllables that are coming out of your mouth that Holy Spirit puts heavenly", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00351-00189761-00190382": "meaning to it and they make sense to God. he's pleased with it and he has the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00352-00190382-00190898": "understands what you're saying to him. that's it. that's how simple that is. you", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00353-00190898-00191423": "speak and Holy Spirit enables. you open your mouth and the rivers of living", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00354-00191423-00192029": "water to begin to flow. it's not complicated. it's the hindrance of", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00355-00192029-00192374": "receiving tongues usually is because we overthink it. we think it's gonna be", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00356-00192374-00192964": "something mystical, something so complicated. just relax", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00357-00192964-00193541": "start making sounds start making noise. start producing vowels. Holy", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00358-00193541-00194102": "Spirit will take over and begin to work through you. it's kind of like this you drive", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00359-00194102-00194456": "a car every day. most of you don't know how the car operates outside of putting", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00360-00194456-00194915": "the key in, put it in a drive and push the gas pedal. you're", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00361-00194915-00195413": "understand how everything works in there how the engine combusts, produces movement that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00362-00195413-00195755": "the movement is transferred into the transmission then transfer it into the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00363-00195755-00196181": "axles and then how the brake system works, how all that stuff we we don't", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00364-00196181-00196601": "know we just get in there, we intentionally put our foot on the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00365-00196601-00197006": "pedal and then the car begins to drive and then we're able to travel 70 miles", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00366-00197006-00197570": "per hour which otherwise you won't be able to do before right? so you open your", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00367-00197570-00198170": "mouth, you begin to make noises, syllables, vowels", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00368-00198170-00198542": "God begins to take over, Spirit of God begins to take over begins to add", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00369-00198542-00199058": "meaning to it and that's how you speak in tongues, that's how you receive that", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00370-00199058-00199589": "gift Amen Amen Amen Amen so today we're gonna pray and we're", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00371-00199589-00200291": "gonna trust God that those of you that have not actually been activated, have", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00372-00200291-00200741": "not received that gift that today you have that gift that today your prayer", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00373-00200741-00201191": "life will go to another level, that today your faith level will that your faith", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00374-00201191-00201554": "your innermost will go to another level. you'll be built in faith that today", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00375-00201554-00202061": "you're gonna go to another level in relationship with God Amen. just the last", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00376-00202061-00202868": "thing from a science standpoint when Dr. Andrew Newberg a neuroscientist, he", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00377-00202868-00203189": "compared brain scans of Christians praying in tongues with Buddhist monks", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00378-00203189-00203474": "Buddhist monks chanting and", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00379-00203474-00204176": "Catholic nuns praying and studied and showed that the front lobes where the", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00380-00204176-00204599": "brain controlled the brain control center went quiet in the brains of", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00381-00204599-00205082": "Christians talking in tongues proving that speaking in tongues isn't a", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00382-00205082-00205986": "natural function of the brain but it's a supernatural function of the Spirit", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00383-00205986-00206450": "so what I'm saying is that don't overthink", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00384-00206450-00207053": "it. don't make it complex. you yield your mind to God. you come to God you say God", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00385-00207053-00207466": "I trust you but what's gonna come out of my mouth you're gonna add meaning to it", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00386-00207466-00207673": "and I'm gonna be speaking a heavenly language", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00387-00207673-00208105": "Hey this is pastor Vlad and thank you for watching this sermon. please click on", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00388-00208105-00208609": "the subscribe so that you can be a part of our hungry generation YouTube", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00389-00208609-00209054": "community and click on the bell as well so that you can be notified when we", "ewcxzeIHsk8-00390-00209054-00209575": "upload a new sermon. Thank you for watching and God bless you!"}}, {"audio_id": "exy8tqA_iTu", "text": {"exy8tqA_iTu-00000-00000000-00000158": "Do you prefer to listen", "exy8tqA_iTu-00001-00000158-00000496": "to articles rather than reading? Today", "exy8tqA_iTu-00002-00000496-00000961": "I will share with you how to do this, so that it can help", "exy8tqA_iTu-00003-00000961-00001242": "you to increase your productivity.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00004-00001242-00001722": "You can do this by using the Read Aloud function of", "exy8tqA_iTu-00005-00001722-00002002": "Microsoft edge to listen to", "exy8tqA_iTu-00006-00002002-00002291": "web articles instead of reading them.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00007-00002291-00002753": "So how cool is that? To use the read aloud function,", "exy8tqA_iTu-00008-00002753-00003112": "simply navigate to the web page.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00009-00003112-00003461": "First of all, you open the Microsoft edge and navigate", "exy8tqA_iTu-00010-00003461-00003851": "to the web page that you want to read.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00011-00003851-00004266": "In this case, I'm using my own blog article that I wrote", "exy8tqA_iTu-00012-00004266-00004723": "yesterday as an example that I want the read aloud", "exy8tqA_iTu-00013-00004723-00004833": "function to read.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00014-00004833-00005213": "Then just click the read aloud icon.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00015-00005213-00005763": "You can find it here. On this browser next to the URL.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00016-00005763-00006209": "Or you can also find it at the browser menu.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00017-00006209-00006809": "Just go down and you can find it below Find on page.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00018-00006809-00007292": "In addition, there are also some shortcut keys that you", "exy8tqA_iTu-00019-00007292-00007804": "can use but I will just use this to click read aloud.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00020-00007804-00008238": "You see all the options are here, you can just click this", "exy8tqA_iTu-00021-00008238-00008995": "icon to start playing, Home Learn how to improve cash", "exy8tqA_iTu-00022-00008995-00009432": "flow in your online business, how to improve cash flow", "exy8tqA_iTu-00023-00009432-00009592": "in your online business", "exy8tqA_iTu-00024-00009592-00009812": "Penny Chen, Learn,  no comments.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00025-00009812-00009977": "So you can see that.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00026-00009977-00010628": "You can also use this player option to stop it, pause it", "exy8tqA_iTu-00027-00010628-00011003": "or you can play it again.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00028-00011003-00011748": "You can rewind or forward and you can also select the", "exy8tqA_iTu-00029-00011748-00012149": "text you want to read before you activate.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00030-00012149-00012742": "For example, I highlight this section and pressed every", "exy8tqA_iTu-00031-00012742-00012960": "business owner knows that cash flow is the lifeblood of", "exy8tqA_iTu-00032-00012960-00013512": "their and by right clicking on the selected text,", "exy8tqA_iTu-00033-00013512-00014021": "Okay, so for example I highlight this sentence and", "exy8tqA_iTu-00034-00014021-00014357": "right click the select will provide you with yet another", "exy8tqA_iTu-00035-00014357-00014749": "context manual option to activate really allow.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00036-00014749-00015144": "So you can see Continue to read aloud here\". \"without", "exy8tqA_iTu-00037-00015144-00015376": "it, businesses cannot survive or even start.\"", "exy8tqA_iTu-00038-00015376-00015555": "There are some factors that\"", "exy8tqA_iTu-00039-00015555-00015851": "You have this option to change the voice. Just go to", "exy8tqA_iTu-00040-00015851-00016044": "the voice options.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00041-00016044-00016385": "You can also choose the reading speed to either", "exy8tqA_iTu-00042-00016385-00017050": "slower or faster and you can select a different voice.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00043-00017050-00017605": "Just click the drop down menu and you will be able to", "exy8tqA_iTu-00044-00017605-00017994": "see many different voice options for", "exy8tqA_iTu-00045-00017994-00018350": "English as well as other languages.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00046-00018350-00018805": "Just choose one that you like. So instead of just now I", "exy8tqA_iTu-00047-00018805-00018952": "have a female voice.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00048-00018952-00019294": "Now I choose David which is a male voice and then I", "exy8tqA_iTu-00049-00019294-00019543": "increase the speed somewhat.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00050-00019543-00019902": "Let's listen to this again, \"that can affect your", "exy8tqA_iTu-00051-00019902-00020024": "business's cash flow.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00052-00020024-00020239": "But thankfully there are also several things you can do", "exy8tqA_iTu-00053-00020239-00020450": "to improve it. In this article,\"", "exy8tqA_iTu-00054-00020450-00021200": "So that is how you choose to change the voice option.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00055-00021200-00021371": "Okay, so read aloud.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00056-00021371-00021816": "Currently has about 40 plus languages.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00057-00021816-00022308": "So you can also read it in different foreign languages", "exy8tqA_iTu-00058-00022308-00022762": "and use the text to speech technology to convert the", "exy8tqA_iTu-00059-00022762-00022973": "web page text to audio.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00060-00022973-00023253": "It works for a variety of websites.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00061-00023253-00023689": "Now we are going to see whether it can also work for", "exy8tqA_iTu-00062-00023689-00024301": "a pdf file. So for example, I have uploaded this pdf", "exy8tqA_iTu-00063-00024301-00025220": "here. I can use right click and just open it with", "exy8tqA_iTu-00064-00025220-00025795": "Microsoft edge and the pdf file will be open and", "exy8tqA_iTu-00065-00025795-00026238": "similarly to activate the read aloud, you just need to", "exy8tqA_iTu-00066-00026238-00026594": "click the read aloud icon here.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00067-00026594-00027004": "Timeless wisdom and a practical program for vibrant", "exy8tqA_iTu-00068-00027004-00027204": "health from the forgotten 1910 classic.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00069-00027204-00027513": "The Science of being well.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00070-00027513-00028205": "So you see, you can also read pdf file with read aloud.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00071-00028205-00028712": "Read aloud is intended for users who prefer to listen to", "exy8tqA_iTu-00072-00028712-00029194": "content instead of reading and people with dyslexia or", "exy8tqA_iTu-00073-00029194-00029738": "for other reading disabilities and Children learning to", "exy8tqA_iTu-00074-00029738-00029981": "read will also find this very useful.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00075-00029981-00030526": "So I would like to share with you this tip that I use to", "exy8tqA_iTu-00076-00030526-00031014": "increase my own productivity by listening and also", "exy8tqA_iTu-00077-00031014-00031133": "doing something else", "exy8tqA_iTu-00078-00031133-00031497": "at the same time. For example, I may be doing some", "exy8tqA_iTu-00079-00031497-00031807": "very repetitive work that do not", "exy8tqA_iTu-00080-00031807-00032176": "need to use a lot of thinking.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00081-00032176-00032772": "I can actually do it at the same time as listening to the", "exy8tqA_iTu-00082-00032772-00033219": "read aloud reading out the web pages or text.", "exy8tqA_iTu-00083-00033219-00033720": "So that's all for today. I hope you enjoy this episode of", "exy8tqA_iTu-00084-00033720-00034021": "productivity tip. Thanks for watching!", "exy8tqA_iTu-00085-00034021-00034436": "Please subscribe to my youtube channel to get more", "exy8tqA_iTu-00086-00034436-00034736": "ideas like this in future and like this video", "exy8tqA_iTu-00087-00034736-00035151": "If you find it helpful. Thank you. Bye bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "exEUp7re9dY", "text": {"exEUp7re9dY-00000-00000244-00001453": "Bruno Verachten: Hello, everyone! This is Jenkins platform six, the seven, two twenty, twenty-two. Today we have markweight, Stefan Mel and Damian diplomatico. Welcome.", "exEUp7re9dY-00001-00001469-00003909": "Bruno Verachten: We have quite a few items in the agenda, so I won't, maybe do the agenda of the agenda, because we have a few open action items to start with, and once in a while something progresses. Uh for the benefit of everybody. And today we have such a thing with Mark the support page for web containers, single up to windows, and nine, except for pages, was something", "exEUp7re9dY-00002-00003927-00005157": "Bruno Verachten: you agreed to do, I think. But ah! Somebody had to do it, and ultimately Basil Crow did it, and it's already online up and running. We can see it on Jenkins. Io:", "exEUp7re9dY-00003-00005171-00006875": "Mark Waite: Right? Yeah. And thanks to Basel very, very much uh that was a long running thing. Not only did he add this page, he also added two automated tests that check that So we have lots of automated tests to check that level. One servant container works.", "exEUp7re9dY-00004-00006876-00008371": "Mark Waite: But he added two automated tests, one to check that the tomcat, nine uh servlet at level, two continues to work at least minimally, and one for wildfly twenty-six that it continues to work. So what used to be j boss,", "exEUp7re9dY-00005-00008373-00008884": "Mark Waite: uh so we've got automation now in the packaging repository that checks", "exEUp7re9dY-00006-00008941-00009164": "Mark Waite: level one very heavily", "exEUp7re9dY-00007-00009177-00010063": "Mark Waite: and checks level two at least with a basic check. To be sure that things start and and are reasonably behaved at startup.", "exEUp7re9dY-00008-00010163-00010893": "Bruno Verachten: That's typical. It's even better. That's what we expected. So yeah, go, and gradually once more quit work.", "exEUp7re9dY-00009-00010935-00011433": "Bruno Verachten: That's cool. So one thing that we'll be able to remove from the agenda next time. That's super cool.", "exEUp7re9dY-00010-00011448-00012536": "Bruno Verachten: There we are now. Um sorry about that. I know already the answer, but you get time to check on the darker image, download, statistic per platform or version.", "exEUp7re9dY-00011-00012587-00014551": "Damien Duportal: So not in detail yet. Uh, but the action we did uh since this time is that we check for our clinics, at least because we have Jenkins slash homes, our clinics uh they can even the commission uh we weren't sure if it was used or not,", "exEUp7re9dY-00012-00014553-00015576": "Damien Duportal: but no one volunteered to uh to, since one year, one year, a half twelve on this one it was never published, as the inbound, the jump", "exEUp7re9dY-00013-00018099-00019183": "Damien Duportal: compared to the several millions. Yeah, several millions of the the agents, so that one will be a way to remove on the agenda,", "exEUp7re9dY-00014-00020731-00021270": "Damien Duportal: and for the case of the agents. For me it's a good reason for adding more and more.", "exEUp7re9dY-00015-00021295-00021488": "Damien Duportal: I uh I,", "exEUp7re9dY-00016-00022875-00023208": "Damien Duportal: an operating system as close as their habits,", "exEUp7re9dY-00017-00023219-00024461": "Damien Duportal: because the goal is to customize it most of the time. So for me it makes sense to have different operating system for the agent images, but that that's just an opinion. While for the Controller, when you use Docker", "exEUp7re9dY-00018-00024468-00025625": "Damien Duportal: for running Jenkins controller, it means you don't care the operating system of the the Jenkins Controller. You care of. You just want to run it. So it works,", "exEUp7re9dY-00019-00025627-00027235": "Damien Duportal: and you care about the command line or tools that we provide as a project to customize plugins or anyone but outside this I don't see a reason for having multiple version for me, Ubuntu eventually Alpine. But", "exEUp7re9dY-00020-00027800-00028177": "Damien Duportal: in the case of the agent. It depends on the kind of tooling you have,", "exEUp7re9dY-00021-00028279-00029083": "Damien Duportal: so that that that's why. But right now we don't have a lot of download of the options, so we shouldn't uh remove it", "exEUp7re9dY-00022-00029088-00030805": "Damien Duportal: globally. Um. The statistics of downloads are only available to the administrator of the docker. Urb, and it could be interesting to see if we can have a way to extract and anonymize some of this data or see what can be public. Maybe they already provide some public metrics, though", "exEUp7re9dY-00023-00030807-00031374": "Damien Duportal: that could help us to make decision without requiring an administrator to extract the Csv:", "exEUp7re9dY-00024-00031883-00033107": "Mark Waite: Okay. So so i'm. I'm strongly in favor of deleting the our clinics uh image anywhere, especially on on", "exEUp7re9dY-00025-00033109-00034751": "Mark Waite: controllers, but agents as well. I just don't see it's. I don't see the benefit of it, and even if it had hundreds of users. I don't think it's. I don't think we can reasonably continue to maintain it. So now, in terms of where to announce it in the past. What we've done is written a blog post", "exEUp7re9dY-00026-00034764-00035447": "Mark Waite: that that announced the deprecation of a of a particular container image. You", "exEUp7re9dY-00027-00035448-00037026": "Damien Duportal: we eventually are going to have to deprecate the centos seven image, for instance, in part because I hate the get version that's inside of it.", "exEUp7re9dY-00028-00037030-00037585": "Damien Duportal: I know one by no community, no red that since almost one year.", "exEUp7re9dY-00029-00037625-00038912": "Damien Duportal: Oh, really, yeah, I can find the red at It's about because they the red that shift their wall downstream to upstream, or they inverted their flow of distribution. So either you go to Rocky Linux Eight,", "exEUp7re9dY-00030-00038944-00039257": "Damien Duportal: but it has been deprecated so it's,", "exEUp7re9dY-00031-00039259-00041548": "Damien Duportal: and yet, and yet red hat and red hat and oracle are still shipping and supporting their version of seven. But it's not. Centos exactly sent to us used to be the community. And then where that was built on top. Now it's the other way around. What they call some to a stream is is a downstream of their own populatory distribution,", "exEUp7re9dY-00032-00041614-00042096": "Damien Duportal: and they shifted with the version eight, one year and a half. I think", "exEUp7re9dY-00033-00042170-00043032": "Damien Duportal: so. One other Alfie for us too soon, because too much people were relying on some to a seven, but now we can check the the statistic as well. But", "exEUp7re9dY-00034-00043054-00045052": "Damien Duportal: Santos seven, alas! The statistic won't be enough, because sometimes seven. A lot of people have this old version running somewhere on the hidden machine, which is really scary. But first keep we we we should not delete the image, but stop having new version of the image and remove them from the source code", "exEUp7re9dY-00035-00045061-00046925": "Mark Waite: that even if we don't vote sorry, go ahead. So i'm. I'm struggling with Centos end of support, because, for instance, on the Google compute engine page, they declare that okay in December, two thousand and twenty, the centos community, or maybe here i'm going to post.", "exEUp7re9dY-00036-00046926-00047215": "Mark Waite: I'll post this page and and uh", "exEUp7re9dY-00037-00047234-00047503": "Mark Waite: into the comments, and", "exEUp7re9dY-00038-00047511-00048032": "Mark Waite: if you can open it into the chat, and if you can open that page,", "exEUp7re9dY-00039-00048042-00048334": "Mark Waite: let's see. Here we go, get rid of it,", "exEUp7re9dY-00040-00048336-00048536": "Mark Waite: Breathe that they add", "exEUp7re9dY-00041-00048668-00049334": "Mark Waite: so. Here they say that centos, seven's end of life is not until June, the thirty, two thousand and twenty four.", "exEUp7re9dY-00042-00049335-00050721": "Mark Waite: Now that's not Centos community now now centos eight is already end of life, and so that's already something that we may want to. I wasn't aware of that. This tells me something new. And so if we've got a centos eight image", "exEUp7re9dY-00043-00050745-00051443": "Mark Waite: already beyond end of life, and we should have already dropped, drop support for it. So this is a good excuse to declare the", "exEUp7re9dY-00044-00051453-00053898": "Bruno Verachten: I I i'll have to check to see if we have any centos, eight images. But if we do, they are dead right, because sent to say it is not not supported, and we don't support things that the operating system vendor does not support. And even one year ago it was already a pain in the neck work. Recent to a seven. For example, I had to recompile, get, and call uh to get your recent version uh with the packages. It was not possible to have something reliable and pretty recent.", "exEUp7re9dY-00045-00053911-00054753": "Damien Duportal: So yeah, that that's true. Um. I I thought that Santos seven was already deprecated,", "exEUp7re9dY-00046-00054761-00055876": "Damien Duportal: so that might have changed. But just uh, you, you are correct. We still have one year and seven months, so we have to keep using. Send us seven, or at least. Yeah,", "exEUp7re9dY-00047-00055898-00057815": "Mark Waite: The discussion is again, do we need what? Why, someone needs some to a seven image of a controller", "exEUp7re9dY-00048-00057816-00058609": "Mark Waite: docker abstracts it. They should pick a better operating system for their controller base image. Centos Seven is a really lousy choice.", "exEUp7re9dY-00049-00058667-00059700": "Mark Waite: So I think you're right. We want to. So maybe what we need to put here is an action item to revisit the", "exEUp7re9dY-00050-00059735-00060833": "Mark Waite: platform support materials, to be sure that no no containers are delivered with centos. Eight or we we declare they're they're they're going to be removed promptly, because", "exEUp7re9dY-00051-00060873-00061149": "because Santos aid is not supported.", "exEUp7re9dY-00052-00061166-00062282": "Damien Duportal: Yep, and additionally it's a smell. If someone says I absolutely need some to a seven, I've seen two main cases. The first one is", "exEUp7re9dY-00053-00062354-00064251": "Damien Duportal: Um. The security team need to scan whatever binary or distribution, and they try to had agent inside the image, which is an empty pattern. They need the agent to run next on the same container, engine and scan for the image binary or the container binaries what it's walking. So", "exEUp7re9dY-00054-00065310-00066123": "Damien Duportal: the second, let's say, major use case I saw is people extend the Jenkins image", "exEUp7re9dY-00055-00066247-00066522": "Damien Duportal: for most of the time,", "exEUp7re9dY-00056-00066540-00067520": "Damien Duportal: because they use it as an agent as well as a controller, and that one must die right. That's that's that's an easy answer. Then stop doing that. I like that. However,", "exEUp7re9dY-00057-00067522-00069469": "Damien Duportal: However, there are still legit. Use case to take in accounts. Um. In order to use some plugins, such as the Cloud province, you might need to install additional tools, such as the Aws command line, sure as your command line, but each of the tools can be installed on the Ubuntu image.", "exEUp7re9dY-00058-00069470-00069988": "Damien Duportal: So for these cases, unless there is something really, really, really specific", "exEUp7re9dY-00059-00070443-00072336": "Damien Duportal: to maintain the image, or we will drop it, because that's the That's the key. There is no problem of using. And having all these images. If someone volunteers. If there are no volunteers, then we remove it because it's already our to maintain windows, Debian and Alpine, it's already some walk", "exEUp7re9dY-00060-00072656-00073979": "Bruno Verachten: nice. Oh, thank you, like we open the how would we say A can warm a kind of worms? Yeah, Pandora box,", "exEUp7re9dY-00061-00073981-00075506": "Bruno Verachten: anyhow. The next one is also for you, Damian. Ah, fixed Docker agent deployment issues. May I say, okay, that that action item is done fixed for rats.", "exEUp7re9dY-00062-00075549-00077171": "Damien Duportal: So the last culprits was uh really really really hold set up inside the Github repository, and I wasn't admin I was on the maintenance. I wasn't able to sew these three months, and, thanks to Timiacombe, Will Co. To the issue", "exEUp7re9dY-00063-00077172-00077612": "Damien Duportal: we add webbooks and Ssh deploy keys to the docker hub.", "exEUp7re9dY-00064-00077620-00079372": "Damien Duportal: So even if we did disable the docker, but automatic bills. There were some Docker code which is the legacy of a build system which is backed by Jenkins by the way, and there were that ghost system that keep continuing, receiving way, books,", "exEUp7re9dY-00065-00079374-00079999": "Damien Duportal: building images, and then pushing these images because it was a low through the Ssh key.", "exEUp7re9dY-00066-00081848-00083465": "Damien Duportal: This the a row we saw one year ago where some bills that should not be built, but they were still triggered, based on tags, so that one has been seen since eight months, so we should be okay. So I consider that subject close. Maybe it can reopen. But yeah,", "exEUp7re9dY-00067-00083466-00083859": "Damien Duportal: no, we cook the valid. So valid,", "exEUp7re9dY-00068-00084599-00085381": "Bruno Verachten: solving this issue. Nice um! The next one is still for you, Damian. So open issue for merging. Oh, sorry! Go ahead.", "exEUp7re9dY-00069-00085384-00086430": "Bruno Verachten: I I didn't have time to work on it so you can. It's just making your stages. That's okay. Um, I know so many things to do so little time.", "exEUp7re9dY-00070-00086432-00087627": "Bruno Verachten: Ah, something I should have told you maybe earlier. I discovered yesterday some tags for in good agents still sports preview label for Gdk: seventeen. So", "exEUp7re9dY-00071-00087721-00089413": "Bruno Verachten: we have to do something about that? Uh: yeah, yeah, I can see your face. I made the same one when I discovered that even on the current images. Oh, wow, uh, It was built five days ago with those.", "exEUp7re9dY-00072-00089416-00089704": "Damien Duportal: It's strange. Okay, Good. I check.", "exEUp7re9dY-00073-00089746-00091413": "Bruno Verachten: Yeah. Me, too, so we can put on that if you want to. Ah, Stephen, I don't have the link to know why open is on Jenkins's infrared app desk without adding gdk seven hundred and nineteen toci drinking. I O, that issue is almost done. It's one hundred and fifty,", "exEUp7re9dY-00074-00092087-00092562": "Stephane Merle: the issues, but the main one is up and running.", "exEUp7re9dY-00075-00092620-00093361": "Bruno Verachten: That's pretty cool. May I ask you to modify the documentation later on with the right link to the issue, please.", "exEUp7re9dY-00076-00093372-00093616": "Stephane Merle: Yes, Oh, thanks a lot.", "exEUp7re9dY-00077-00093726-00094854": "Bruno Verachten: Ah, Damian! Once again it's you winner of the day. So monthly bays, Os updating autumn cleanup. That's what kept you. No, that's not the only thing that gets you busy. But", "exEUp7re9dY-00078-00094866-00095312": "Bruno Verachten: you worked a lot on that lately.", "exEUp7re9dY-00079-00095385-00097372": "Bruno Verachten: What can we say you just auton clean up. That's kind of things we do. We like blowing the dead All leaves? It's a season. Yup! We we already did it so you can remove. That's about it. It's not any more Sorry we're done with the open action items that what has been done. Now? Sorry I should have Okay, The title made, a transition played a jingle or something.", "exEUp7re9dY-00080-00097641-00098616": "Damien Duportal: So it has been done so latest tag being over, written, as we say, that one is a close Now it has been done", "exEUp7re9dY-00081-00098671-00100174": "Damien Duportal: uh automatic tracking of remoteing and Jedica version. So we have. We have released at least six version with that system and one Gedk: A major version change might even also patch change. Uh, so that one is okay.", "exEUp7re9dY-00082-00100879-00101192": "Damien Duportal: But it's only in agent on inbound agent,", "exEUp7re9dY-00083-00101315-00101469": "Bruno Verachten: which is all really cool.", "exEUp7re9dY-00084-00101560-00102695": "Damien Duportal: Uh, yes, a lot of fixes as well. Uh, we broke some things. We had it also time zone support which was missing on the agents.", "exEUp7re9dY-00085-00102923-00104752": "Damien Duportal: Yes, and there were also a new contribution that was a waiting since one year on windows, images that are now supporting the Jenkins, Java, or pts on their own viable. Be careful for the of the quoting, because poor shall interpolate variables,", "exEUp7re9dY-00086-00104754-00105858": "Damien Duportal: but that allows you to fine tune and to specify Gm. Option to your agent process if you want to limit the amount of memory on windows. Agent, for instance,", "exEUp7re9dY-00087-00106144-00106310": "killed, Thank you.", "exEUp7re9dY-00088-00106395-00107161": "Bruno Verachten: And now experiments with windows two thousand and twenty two working with Jenkins's Russia to build these images. Edit: You have a", "exEUp7re9dY-00089-00107498-00107734": "Bruno Verachten: not I don't know.", "exEUp7re9dY-00090-00108477-00108632": "Bruno Verachten: Okay. So", "exEUp7re9dY-00091-00108710-00109012": "Damien Duportal: I see before Christmas as a gift", "exEUp7re9dY-00092-00109077-00109374": "Bruno Verachten: oh, so kind of yours!", "exEUp7re9dY-00093-00109414-00110789": "Bruno Verachten: Ah, experience with Jedica at nineteen enter out two to until our four transition complete. I think we already saw that in the last meeting that we could get rid of that I guess you can. You can delete the item. It's one hundred and fifty.", "exEUp7re9dY-00094-00110803-00110995": "Mark Waite: It's done", "exEUp7re9dY-00095-00111153-00111566": "Bruno Verachten: next. Stephan created the had this ticket to", "exEUp7re9dY-00096-00111656-00112229": "Bruno Verachten: not the progress on the Java nineteen support for developers.", "exEUp7re9dY-00097-00112283-00112735": "Bruno Verachten: It's progressing which my son, Is it for next week or", "exEUp7re9dY-00098-00112788-00112904": "Bruno Verachten: and Lou,", "exEUp7re9dY-00099-00113005-00113379": "Stephane Merle: That's that's the link I I sent you for", "exEUp7re9dY-00100-00113404-00113714": "Stephane Merle: for what else? It's almost done.", "exEUp7re9dY-00101-00113732-00113998": "Stephane Merle: Okay, That's the same issue. In fact,", "exEUp7re9dY-00102-00114033-00114369": "Bruno Verachten: that's why it seems something", "exEUp7re9dY-00103-00114383-00115073": "Bruno Verachten: I already heard of. Let me check where I am. I'm kind of lost in that big document.", "exEUp7re9dY-00104-00115131-00115488": "Bruno Verachten: Yeah, So I can get rid of that because you already", "exEUp7re9dY-00105-00115576-00116326": "Bruno Verachten: put the link earlier in the document. Now the container image deprecation. Why did there? We should have put that in the", "exEUp7re9dY-00106-00116419-00117521": "Bruno Verachten: open action item, and Maybe i'll move that later on. We discussed a little bit the other day about that, but we haven't done anything yet, I guess. Or", "exEUp7re9dY-00107-00117526-00117675": "Bruno Verachten: can you prove me wrong.", "exEUp7re9dY-00108-00117713-00117929": "Mark Waite: I I've done nothing on this.", "exEUp7re9dY-00109-00117960-00118448": "Mark Waite: The ideas, the ideas are good. I like the ideas, but I've done nothing on it.", "exEUp7re9dY-00110-00118622-00118799": "Bruno Verachten: Ok, So I move that", "exEUp7re9dY-00111-00118852-00119063": "in the open action items.", "exEUp7re9dY-00112-00119096-00120913": "Bruno Verachten: Now again, something for you, Damien. I already know the answer. But container, Reposit your imagine for Jinky's agent. So the progress towards unifying repositories. Hasn't changed much lately. Am I right? No, I need to write down um, so I've confirmed that", "exEUp7re9dY-00113-00120915-00122667": "Damien Duportal: uh the Jenkins agent in uh image is widely used by people using the docker Cloud plugin. Um. They that plug in allows free mode for the agent. Ssh! Inbound", "exEUp7re9dY-00114-00122669-00124642": "Damien Duportal: still name general be on that plugin, because the is not, as uh to be adopted. And there is a third mode that seems really really weird. We had an issue of a user let's say it left a zombie process on the Linux. Machines. It seems that it start a container and attach to the container", "exEUp7re9dY-00115-00124643-00125476": "Damien Duportal: to get information, so that means it create a virtual tty non-interactive to communicate between Jenkins and the container on the same machine.", "exEUp7re9dY-00116-00125554-00127219": "Damien Duportal: That's doesn't sounds a good idea, and of course it creates a lot of issues in terms of life cycle. But the the documentation of that plugin recommend to use Jenkins, especially John, for most of these use cases.", "exEUp7re9dY-00117-00127234-00128250": "Damien Duportal: So I've continued at least eight users open issues the past three weeks. That said, Oh, we are using Jenkins stash jumps,", "exEUp7re9dY-00118-00128256-00129731": "Damien Duportal: and so I've started to communicate to this user they will volunteer two of them. They realize free, including some uh someone in Irc. They realize that the difference between Jenkins and Jenkins, in bound, is only a shell script.", "exEUp7re9dY-00119-00130306-00130946": "Damien Duportal: Jenkins agent should be used as the let's say, the common foundation for both inbound and Ssh,", "exEUp7re9dY-00120-00130968-00132158": "Damien Duportal: which mean there will be a major change that might break the use cases of people on Jenkins agent is, we should not add the remoting a jumps on the the the foundational image.", "exEUp7re9dY-00121-00132851-00133270": "Bruno Verachten: Yeah, I see it's only for inbound agents.", "exEUp7re9dY-00122-00133348-00133527": "Bruno Verachten: So you", "exEUp7re9dY-00123-00133559-00134337": "Bruno Verachten: do. I understand correctly. The actual Docker agent is not supposed to be used, as is", "exEUp7re9dY-00124-00134357-00134482": "Damien Duportal: Yup exactly", "exEUp7re9dY-00125-00134599-00136323": "Bruno Verachten: mit ctl. And okay, um, And the script, the shell script. That is the main difference between the docker regions and the inbound agent. What does it do? What does it contain? So it implements the logic that you path either parameters or on the hormon variable one hundred and fifty", "exEUp7re9dY-00126-00136903-00137569": "Damien Duportal: and a few other uh uh thing, such as the gdk to use for the agent process", "exEUp7re9dY-00127-00138231-00139841": "Damien Duportal: mit ctl, and so it's only a way to make it easier. So any plugins, such as the Kubernetes plugin, or anyone starting a permanent take on with an automated system could control the B. If you're using under a variable that are the same, and that are well documented. One hundred and fifty,", "exEUp7re9dY-00128-00139972-00140080": "I see.", "exEUp7re9dY-00129-00140117-00140226": "Thank you.", "exEUp7re9dY-00130-00140476-00141924": "Bruno Verachten: So the unifying of all these three repositories is a long-term job. It won't be done tomorrow. So don't expect to see one repo as a first of January gift that won't happen.", "exEUp7re9dY-00131-00142041-00142254": "Bruno Verachten: Thanks a lot, Damian.", "exEUp7re9dY-00132-00142264-00143969": "Bruno Verachten: Now we quarrel. Java Eleven. Yeah, we're still talking about Java eleven, even if Gdk: seventeen works for Jenkins, So mark the build tool chain changes arrive in Parent Pond four dot fifty. Three. Can you tell us more? Yeah. So two", "exEUp7re9dY-00133-00144037-00145981": "Mark Waite: uh as part of the transition, Jenkins, beginning with two dot three hundred and fifty-seven uh middle of two thousand and twenty-two switch to require Java eleven for Jenkins core. We did the same thing in two, dot three, sixty, one dot one for the long term support release, so that think of that as step two.", "exEUp7re9dY-00134-00146007-00146830": "Mark Waite: The next steps then, are to switch more and more of the tool chain, so that it requires Java Eleven uh", "exEUp7re9dY-00135-00146843-00147223": "Mark Waite: big portions of the tool chain had to continue supporting Java eight,", "exEUp7re9dY-00136-00147283-00149010": "Mark Waite: so that you could run or build and test plugins with older versions. Now the the transition point. The tipping point is when Jenkins two, three hundred and sixty-one point one or greater is your minimum version of Jenkins, you must use Java eleven,", "exEUp7re9dY-00137-00149011-00150489": "Mark Waite: and the parent palm four, fifty-three just released a few days ago. Says that Now, if you use that parent palm, you must also use Jenkins to dot three, sixty, one dot, one or newer, as your minimum version.", "exEUp7re9dY-00138-00150601-00153590": "Mark Waite: So is all that you just cited reflected in the Quran documentation, and that document that you just opened actually gives even more information about it. So it it describes it. Doesn't describe parent palm versions, because that's a an an implementation detail, but it does describe. There are choices you can make and options when you choose a choice for your Jenkins recommended version. If you scroll up to the top of the page. We can look at some of the some of the guiding principles right? So", "exEUp7re9dY-00139-00153616-00154788": "Mark Waite: one of the guiding principles is building against recent Jenkins versions. Let you use recent core and recent Apis right? So Java eleven, for example, uh", "exEUp7re9dY-00140-00154790-00156750": "Mark Waite: next line down. Do not use versions that are no longer supported by the update center. The update center only tracks about twelve to fifteen months worth of releases. If your minimum Jenkins version as a plugin is older than about twelve months. It's time to increase your Jenkins minimum version,", "exEUp7re9dY-00141-00156773-00158212": "Mark Waite: and the reason for that is hiding in this fourth or fifth item down prefer releases that one more down that one few or no implied plug-in dependencies. So the story here is that", "exEUp7re9dY-00142-00158220-00158572": "Mark Waite: when we split a plug-in out from core.", "exEUp7re9dY-00143-00158580-00159217": "Mark Waite: In order to retain compatibility, we declare an implied dependency on the newly split plugin.", "exEUp7re9dY-00144-00159302-00160520": "Mark Waite: Uh that implied dependency means that any plugin dependent on a Gen. Conversion. Jenkins version before that release, before that, Jenkins release", "exEUp7re9dY-00145-00160523-00161448": "Mark Waite: will now implicitly depend on the new split plug-in. So in the example, here the Wmi windows agent plug-in has been deprecated.", "exEUp7re9dY-00146-00161478-00162315": "Mark Waite: The technology on which it's based is shutting down and not available. It makes no sense for that plugin to continue.", "exEUp7re9dY-00147-00162339-00163472": "Mark Waite: However, that means any plugin with a Jenkins minimum version of one dot five hundred and seventy-six. I think it is or older.", "exEUp7re9dY-00148-00163479-00163776": "Mark Waite: Has an implied dependency on that deprecated thing.", "exEUp7re9dY-00149-00163805-00163890": "Hmm.", "exEUp7re9dY-00150-00164080-00164948": "Bruno Verachten: I see. Now, I understand the message I got lately with that double Mi: Okay, Okay, it's clear. Now,", "exEUp7re9dY-00151-00164952-00165096": "Bruno Verachten: Thank you. Mark.", "exEUp7re9dY-00152-00165443-00166804": "Bruno Verachten: Now, Java, Seventeen supports in Jenkins. So that's part of what you're going to do. The entra team in December for your controllers, and maybe on Ci Jenkins. Io in January two thousand and twenty three.", "exEUp7re9dY-00153-00166838-00166954": "Bruno Verachten: Is that correct?", "exEUp7re9dY-00154-00167436-00169195": "Mark Waite: It's good. I'm not sure. We're gonna have capacity to do that, Damian. Do you think that for me I would accept delaying this one in favor of the J. Frog work and in favor in favor of the other work. I'm: Okay, if Java seventeen Isn't on C. I. Jenkins, that Io", "exEUp7re9dY-00155-00169196-00170199": "Mark Waite: for several months yet at least for me. I i'm open to your opinions and the opinions of others, but I think the work on artificial bandwidth is much more important.", "exEUp7re9dY-00156-00170281-00170975": "Damien Duportal: That that is true, but the effort to use Jedica seventeen is now close to", "exEUp7re9dY-00157-00170984-00172804": "Damien Duportal: No, no, because they work that uh first survey, and then Stephen Dids on the agent on terms we now control, finally control the Gdic version use for the agent, which is different on all of our images of the default. Gdk: The developer will want", "exEUp7re9dY-00158-00172806-00173280": "Damien Duportal: so the road for that one, the the last one, has been fixed by Stephen today,", "exEUp7re9dY-00159-00173378-00173821": "Damien Duportal: so the effort will be should not be", "exEUp7re9dY-00160-00173834-00174162": "Damien Duportal: changing our priorities. However.", "exEUp7re9dY-00161-00174642-00175833": "Damien Duportal: Um! What I had in mind was to start with, at least in your internal machine, and use it for one to week and then start thinking about release, c. I. Jenkins, I. You itself", "exEUp7re9dY-00162-00175842-00176052": "Stephane Merle: that will be of and weekly", "exEUp7re9dY-00163-00176079-00176273": "Damien Duportal: Yes, and weekly, of course,", "exEUp7re9dY-00164-00176308-00176439": "because same", "exEUp7re9dY-00165-00176844-00178145": "Stephane Merle: Okay. But that means that I will have to rebuild again the the world for agents with uh, Jedica Seventeen as the default launching one.", "exEUp7re9dY-00166-00178150-00178308": "Yes, true.", "exEUp7re9dY-00167-00178721-00179827": "Damien Duportal: Okay. I got one last. A new item. Go ahead. Being an issue. It's great, a critical one. It's been one year, almost,", "exEUp7re9dY-00168-00179836-00180131": "Damien Duportal: that the controller on the core image is", "exEUp7re9dY-00169-00180149-00181006": "Damien Duportal: of Jenkins are not up to dates, both Lts and weekly images. I've added the issue that", "exEUp7re9dY-00170-00181015-00181301": "Damien Duportal: uh, that is associated to that problem.", "exEUp7re9dY-00171-00181308-00182741": "Damien Duportal: So whatever Jenkins uh uh Jenkins session can see made of a controller on windows that you pool, whether it's windows or whatever technician", "exEUp7re9dY-00172-00182874-00183335": "Damien Duportal: you will always end with the weekly two,", "exEUp7re9dY-00173-00183399-00183569": "Damien Duportal: three, five, six,", "exEUp7re9dY-00174-00183580-00183815": "Damien Duportal: which is almost one year. Hold", "exEUp7re9dY-00175-00183952-00185295": "Damien Duportal: So if you are using windows container and one to run Jenkins Controller, which is already quite the hks. Then please uh manifest yourself on the team. H.", "exEUp7re9dY-00176-00185296-00186046": "Damien Duportal: The person will raise the image, volunteer to help, so i'm going to try to to give information for that person to solve the issue.", "exEUp7re9dY-00177-00186073-00186498": "Damien Duportal: But that means we need help on that part.", "exEUp7re9dY-00178-00186533-00186877": "Damien Duportal: Otherwise that mean, maybe no one is using.", "exEUp7re9dY-00179-00188352-00188860": "Mark Waite: Yeah, And I think I've got an answer. I think we should propose to end end its life.", "exEUp7re9dY-00180-00188909-00190273": "Mark Waite: Because, okay, it Damien, it was June of two thousand and twenty-two when we released two dot, three hundred and fifty-six. And there's not been an update since then and no one has raised an issue except this individual. User", "exEUp7re9dY-00181-00190322-00190409": "Yep,", "exEUp7re9dY-00182-00190444-00191414": "Bruno Verachten: there are two users within. No, no one. Sorry. Okay. Do you have the number so statistic for the Times? It has been downloaded or not?", "exEUp7re9dY-00183-00192926-00194285": "Mark Waite: No, but it it seems like it's an excuse, though, or it's a reason for us to investigate to see if to answer the question. Is this an image valuable enough for the community for us to continue maintaining it absolutely.", "exEUp7re9dY-00184-00194399-00194705": "hlemeur@cloudbees.com: When you want to try.", "exEUp7re9dY-00185-00194731-00195513": "hlemeur@cloudbees.com: When you want to try drinking for the first time on windows, Is it to you all are coming to use the the camera? So", "exEUp7re9dY-00186-00195515-00197030": "Mark Waite: no, no uh it. And if we do recommend the docker image, we recommend the Linux docker image, not the windows docker container image", "exEUp7re9dY-00187-00197042-00198986": "Bruno Verachten: telling us about darker, you know. Too complicated the way, by the way. Uh but no no reference to windows. I I know It's suppose I was supposed to do something, but that we should have put that into um action items of a national extent. I was supposed to simplify the documentation, but it will come. Stay", "exEUp7re9dY-00188-00199116-00199575": "Bruno Verachten: before I get retired, I promise.", "exEUp7re9dY-00189-00199590-00200053": "Bruno Verachten: Oh, that was nice. Thanks a lot for this new item, David", "exEUp7re9dY-00190-00200165-00200767": "Bruno Verachten: Um. Does anyone have any other question or item to address?", "exEUp7re9dY-00191-00200870-00202326": "Bruno Verachten: No, if that's perfect, Thanks a lot for your time, folks. It was nice to have all of you in this meeting. The recording should be available on you to from twenty, four to forty, eight hours in the base case, and see you, Mark, I think", "exEUp7re9dY-00192-00202375-00203372": "Bruno Verachten: it's the last one of the year or no. We still have one platform Sig: two weeks from now, I guess. So. Yeah, it's too early to say", "exEUp7re9dY-00193-00203381-00204954": "Bruno Verachten: uh Happy New Year, and it will. It will be next time. Maybe you had put um a special hat for, but it is. It is not too early to announce that the meeting that would be normally held on December thirtieth is cancelled.", "exEUp7re9dY-00194-00205073-00205244": "Bruno Verachten: Yeah, it is.", "exEUp7re9dY-00195-00205269-00206236": "Bruno Verachten: She's a reasonable to say people will be busy with the turkey or whatever, instead of coming in here talking about Docker,", "exEUp7re9dY-00196-00206428-00207353": "Bruno Verachten: I don't know, Anyhow, once again, thanks a lot to see you next time hopefully, and have a great rest of the week. Bye bye, bye, bye,"}}, {"audio_id": "ey81MTQ8fQA", "text": {"ey81MTQ8fQA-00001-00000504-00002364": "A genius device that helps us in our daily lives, whether we are pedestrians or drivers, was invented back in 1868 in London. It was created by an engineer named John Peake Knight, who used his experience with railroad semaphores that work on a similar principle", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00002-00002364-00003284": "The very first traffic light was operated manually. It had the simplest design: two semaphore switches that moved freely in the vertical plane", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00003-00003284-00004632": "At night the traffic light used a gas lantern with colored illumination for its operation. However, in 1869 the lantern in it exploded, as a result of which the policeman operating it was wounded", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00004-00004632-00005408": "Then, the world's first traffic lights were removed, and during the next 50 years, there were no more traffic lights in London", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00005-00005408-00007160": "Then, when new traffic lights appeared in various cities and countries, they were installed to regulate traffic. It was not originally intended that such a device would also be used for pedestrians, and cyclists, railroads, streetcars, including river trains", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00006-00007160-00008736": "Traffic lights have changed over the years. So, instead of yellow light, there was an orange light somewhere, there was static or flashing green arrow, a sound system designed to allow blind people to cross the road safely on their own", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00007-00008736-00010049": "Traffic lights have been changing constantly since their creation. It is necessary, because each resident of a major metropolis spends a total of about 6 months of his life, waiting for a green light", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00008-00010049-00010881": "Of course, in most cases, traffic lights in other countries are not significantly different from each other. So everyone can use them correctly.", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00009-00010881-00011579": "However, some places have their peculiarities, which would be nice to know before the tourist arrives in a particular country", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00011-00011967-00012099": "Traffic Lights in different countries", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00012-00012099-00013357": "Prague, Czech Republic. On the narrowest street of the capital Vinarná Čertovka, pedestrian traffic is regulated by traffic lights. This seems strange because the street is so small and narrow that two people can barely walk apart there,", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00013-00013357-00014634": "and that's assuming that they are both slim. The traffic lights have two signals, green and red. The tour guides claim that the city authorities have decided to make it more convenient for pedestrians, but the locals don't believe them", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00014-00014634-00016302": "They argue that it is a simple marketing ploy to create a memorable and unusual tourist attraction. And someone is sure that it is an advertisement for a local brewery with the same name, which has red and green colors in its symbolism", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00016-00016858-00017902": "Dresden, Germany. Be careful on the roads in Dresden, Germany! There is a risk of looking out and getting distracted. After all, the traffic lights in the city have the image of a girl in a sundress with pigtails,", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00017-00017902-00019170": "and there is also a traffic light that has been running red for over 30 years without interruption. The traffic light prohibits driving straight or left from the Ziegelstrasse but allows right-turn movements", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00018-00019170-00020114": "It cannot be replaced, however, because of the law stating that if traffic lights are placed at intersections, they must be in every street adjacent to the intersection", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00020-00020542-00021740": "Berlin, Germany. The German capital also decided to keep up with Dresden and placed traffic lights around the city depicting a man in a hat named Ampelmann. Berliners are very proud of him", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00021-00021740-00023282": "He first appeared in Germany in 1961, and his image was used on local traffic lights for many years, but after the unification of the country, the green men in hats disappeared completely but reappeared in 1996", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00022-00023282-00024118": "At that time, a committee was even formed to save the traffic light man. The authorities took public opinion into account, and the men returned", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00023-00024118-00025530": "There is also a traffic light device in the city that has as many as 13 different signals. Not everyone can figure out the freaking dozen, there is always a policeman on duty to help drivers if necessary", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00025-00026044-00027452": "South Korea and Japan. Korean designers took care of people suffering from color blindness. The development of Uni-Signal (short for Universal Sign Light) provides an opportunity to determine whether traffic is free", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00026-00027452-00028796": "or prohibited not by color, but by the shape of geometric shapes. Also, to make life easier for people with color vision disabilities, there are traffic lights, the red light of which has an orange hue, and green has a blue cast", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00027-00028796-00030148": "Incidentally, Japan previously used blue for traffic lights instead of green, but after studies that said the human eye is less responsive to the blue color, the country's traffic lights were reprogrammed for green signals", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00028-00030148-00031284": "But the Japanese still call it blue out of habit. And it is no coincidence that the world standard is this arrangement of colors: red at the top, yellow in the middle, and green at the bottom", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00029-00031284-00031848": "That way people, knowing which signal is where can move around even if they can't distinguish colors very well", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00031-00032276-00033400": "Syracuse, USA. Still, there is one place in the world where the colors of traffic lights are in reverse order. The city of Syracuse in the United States is home to mostly Irish descendants", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00032-00033400-00034496": "The traffic light in its standard form was installed here in 1925, but local hooligans kept breaking it because the green color, which symbolizes Ireland,", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00033-00034496-00035512": "was lower than the red color, which symbolizes the UK. At some point, the authorities gave up, and to this day, there is a traffic light with an unusual arrangement of colors", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00035-00035992-00036892": "Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In Rio de Janeiro between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m., drivers are not allowed to stop at red lights.", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00036-00036892-00037788": "It is so because the city has a rather serious crime situation, and there is a risk that a car that stops on the road in the middle of the night could be robbed.", "ey81MTQ8fQA-00038-00038196-00038456": "Traffic Lights in Different Countries"}}, {"audio_id": "eyldoRrERuA", "text": {"eyldoRrERuA-00000-00000000-00000501": "Welcome to my video", "eyldoRrERuA-00001-00000505-00001000": "Thank you for this video view", "eyldoRrERuA-00002-00001000-00001508": "Like, sub, share, support my channel.", "eyldoRrERuA-00003-00001516-00002000": "Thank you very much"}}, {"audio_id": "eyvKjyZCCLQ", "text": {"eyvKjyZCCLQ-00000-00001918-00002325": "hi my name is Lauren and I'm a registered dietician here at the", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00001-00002325-00002789": "University of Cincinnati today we're going to learn five tips to healthy", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00002-00002789-00003590": "eating here on campus tip number one is never skip breakfast it's true what your", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00003-00003590-00003926": "parents said to you in high school breakfast is the most important meal of", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00004-00003926-00004362": "the day it gives you brainpower to do well in school and gives you fuel to get", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00005-00004362-00004710": "through your classes it can be as easy as grabbing something like a piece of", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00006-00004710-00005472": "fruit right as you walk out the door tip number two is to load up on fruits and", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00007-00005472-00005868": "vegetables try to have at least one fruit or vegetable on your plate at", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00008-00005868-00006332": "every meal and at snacks the USDA guidelines for healthy nutrition", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00009-00006332-00007109": "recommend that your plate is half fruits and vegetables at every meal tip number", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00010-00007109-00007593": "three is to ditch the sugary beverages drinks like soda energy drinks and", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00011-00007593-00008070": "sports drinks add added calories and added sugar water is always the best", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00012-00008070-00008874": "choice tip number four is always choose whole grain in your dining halls or in", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00013-00008874-00009320": "your dorms. Look for items that are made with whole grain because they tend to have more fiber", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00014-00009320-00009746": "which helps to keep us fuller. our white refined grains don't have nearly", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00015-00009746-00010532": "as much nutrition hardly any fiber and leave us feeling hungry your last and", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00016-00010532-00010946": "final tip is to enjoy dessert in moderation we have lots of tasty treats", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00017-00010946-00011405": "in our dining halls and we want to make sure that we don't over indulge and also", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00018-00011405-00011971": "don't restrict and be too hard on ourselves life is all about balance", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00019-00012127-00012622": "thanks for tuning in everyone hope you have a healthy year. for more nutrition", "eyvKjyZCCLQ-00020-00012622-00013038": "tips visit the link below thanks"}}, {"audio_id": "eyzfUcpsXcu", "text": {"eyzfUcpsXcu-00000-00000010-00000063": "THEY ARRIVED HOME TONIGHT AT THE", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00001-00000063-00000070": "THEY ARRIVED HOME TONIGHT AT THE", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00002-00000070-00000313": "THEY ARRIVED HOME TONIGHT AT THE DULUTH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00003-00000313-00000320": "THEY ARRIVED HOME TONIGHT AT THE DULUTH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00004-00000320-00000387": "THEY ARRIVED HOME TONIGHT AT THE DULUTH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. >>> ONE LOCAL HIGH SCHOOL", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00005-00000387-00000393": "DULUTH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. >>> ONE LOCAL HIGH SCHOOL", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00006-00000393-00000577": "DULUTH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. >>> ONE LOCAL HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETE WAS SURPRISED BY A", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00007-00000577-00000583": ">>> ONE LOCAL HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETE WAS SURPRISED BY A", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00008-00000583-00000750": ">>> ONE LOCAL HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETE WAS SURPRISED BY A MINNESOTA VIKINGS PLAYER AT THE", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00009-00000750-00000757": "ATHLETE WAS SURPRISED BY A MINNESOTA VIKINGS PLAYER AT THE", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00010-00000757-00000960": "ATHLETE WAS SURPRISED BY A MINNESOTA VIKINGS PLAYER AT THE GRAND OPENING THE DICK'S SPORTS", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00011-00000960-00000967": "MINNESOTA VIKINGS PLAYER AT THE GRAND OPENING THE DICK'S SPORTS", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00012-00000967-00001274": "MINNESOTA VIKINGS PLAYER AT THE GRAND OPENING THE DICK'S SPORTS GOODS.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00013-00001274-00001281": "GRAND OPENING THE DICK'S SPORTS GOODS.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00014-00001281-00001421": "GRAND OPENING THE DICK'S SPORTS GOODS. LILI, THE FIRST FEMALE FOOTBALL", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00015-00001421-00001428": "GOODS. LILI, THE FIRST FEMALE FOOTBALL", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00016-00001428-00001551": "GOODS. LILI, THE FIRST FEMALE FOOTBALL PLAYER AT BRAINERD HIGH SCHOOL", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00017-00001551-00001558": "LILI, THE FIRST FEMALE FOOTBALL PLAYER AT BRAINERD HIGH SCHOOL", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00018-00001558-00001791": "LILI, THE FIRST FEMALE FOOTBALL PLAYER AT BRAINERD HIGH SCHOOL HAD A SURPRISE ONE-ON-ONE MEET", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00019-00001791-00001798": "PLAYER AT BRAINERD HIGH SCHOOL HAD A SURPRISE ONE-ON-ONE MEET", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00020-00001798-00002262": "PLAYER AT BRAINERD HIGH SCHOOL HAD A SURPRISE ONE-ON-ONE MEET AND -- MEET", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00021-00002262-00002268": "HAD A SURPRISE ONE-ON-ONE MEET AND -- MEET", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00022-00002268-00002579": "HAD A SURPRISE ONE-ON-ONE MEET AND -- MEET AND GREET WITH KYLE RUDOLPH.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00023-00002579-00002585": "AND -- MEET AND GREET WITH KYLE RUDOLPH.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00024-00002585-00002736": "AND -- MEET AND GREET WITH KYLE RUDOLPH. OF A HEARING HER STORY, HE", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00025-00002736-00002742": "AND GREET WITH KYLE RUDOLPH. OF A HEARING HER STORY, HE", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00026-00002742-00002859": "AND GREET WITH KYLE RUDOLPH. OF A HEARING HER STORY, HE WANTED TO THANK HER.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00027-00002859-00002866": "OF A HEARING HER STORY, HE WANTED TO THANK HER.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00028-00002866-00002959": "OF A HEARING HER STORY, HE WANTED TO THANK HER. >> I COULDN'T HAVE DONE IT", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00029-00002959-00002966": "WANTED TO THANK HER. >> I COULDN'T HAVE DONE IT", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00030-00002966-00003116": "WANTED TO THANK HER. >> I COULDN'T HAVE DONE IT WITHOUT THE PEOPLE SUPPORTING", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00031-00003116-00003123": ">> I COULDN'T HAVE DONE IT WITHOUT THE PEOPLE SUPPORTING", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00032-00003123-00003143": ">> I COULDN'T HAVE DONE IT WITHOUT THE PEOPLE SUPPORTING ME.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00033-00003143-00003149": "WITHOUT THE PEOPLE SUPPORTING ME.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00034-00003149-00003289": "WITHOUT THE PEOPLE SUPPORTING ME. MY TEAMMATES, BRAINERD HIGH", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00035-00003289-00003296": "ME. MY TEAMMATES, BRAINERD HIGH", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00036-00003296-00003400": "ME. MY TEAMMATES, BRAINERD HIGH SCHOOL IN GENERAL.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00037-00003400-00003406": "MY TEAMMATES, BRAINERD HIGH SCHOOL IN GENERAL.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00038-00003406-00003593": "MY TEAMMATES, BRAINERD HIGH SCHOOL IN GENERAL. THIS HAS BEEN A DREAM OF MINE TO", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00039-00003593-00003600": "SCHOOL IN GENERAL. THIS HAS BEEN A DREAM OF MINE TO", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00040-00003600-00003707": "SCHOOL IN GENERAL. THIS HAS BEEN A DREAM OF MINE TO PLAY FOOTBALL AND DO SOMETHING", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00041-00003707-00003713": "THIS HAS BEEN A DREAM OF MINE TO PLAY FOOTBALL AND DO SOMETHING", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00042-00003713-00003907": "THIS HAS BEEN A DREAM OF MINE TO PLAY FOOTBALL AND DO SOMETHING OUT OF THE NORM FOR A LONG", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00043-00003907-00003913": "PLAY FOOTBALL AND DO SOMETHING OUT OF THE NORM FOR A LONG", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00044-00003913-00003937": "PLAY FOOTBALL AND DO SOMETHING OUT OF THE NORM FOR A LONG TIME.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00045-00003937-00003943": "OUT OF THE NORM FOR A LONG TIME.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00046-00003943-00004100": "OUT OF THE NORM FOR A LONG TIME. I FINALLY GOT THE CHANCE TO.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00047-00004100-00004107": "TIME. I FINALLY GOT THE CHANCE TO.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00048-00004107-00004267": "TIME. I FINALLY GOT THE CHANCE TO. I WORK OUT VERY HARD AND THE", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00049-00004267-00004274": "I FINALLY GOT THE CHANCE TO. I WORK OUT VERY HARD AND THE", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00050-00004274-00004377": "I FINALLY GOT THE CHANCE TO. I WORK OUT VERY HARD AND THE GUYS HAVE BEEN FAMILY TO ME AND", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00051-00004377-00004384": "I WORK OUT VERY HARD AND THE GUYS HAVE BEEN FAMILY TO ME AND", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00052-00004384-00004701": "I WORK OUT VERY HARD AND THE GUYS HAVE BEEN FAMILY TO ME AND TO BE RECOGNIZED IT'S", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00053-00004701-00004708": "GUYS HAVE BEEN FAMILY TO ME AND TO BE RECOGNIZED IT'S", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00054-00004708-00004744": "GUYS HAVE BEEN FAMILY TO ME AND TO BE RECOGNIZED IT'S UNBELIEVABLE.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00055-00004744-00004751": "TO BE RECOGNIZED IT'S UNBELIEVABLE.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00056-00004751-00004838": "TO BE RECOGNIZED IT'S UNBELIEVABLE. >> FOR HER TO HAVE THE SUCCESS", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00057-00004838-00004844": "UNBELIEVABLE. >> FOR HER TO HAVE THE SUCCESS", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00058-00004844-00004988": "UNBELIEVABLE. >> FOR HER TO HAVE THE SUCCESS SHE HAD, NOT JUST IN FOOTBALL", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00059-00004988-00004994": ">> FOR HER TO HAVE THE SUCCESS SHE HAD, NOT JUST IN FOOTBALL", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00060-00004994-00005271": ">> FOR HER TO HAVE THE SUCCESS SHE HAD, NOT JUST IN FOOTBALL BUT ALSO IN WEIGHT LIFTING AND", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00061-00005271-00005278": "SHE HAD, NOT JUST IN FOOTBALL BUT ALSO IN WEIGHT LIFTING AND", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00062-00005278-00005432": "SHE HAD, NOT JUST IN FOOTBALL BUT ALSO IN WEIGHT LIFTING AND RUGBY, AS A KID WHO PLAYED MORE", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00063-00005432-00005438": "BUT ALSO IN WEIGHT LIFTING AND RUGBY, AS A KID WHO PLAYED MORE", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00064-00005438-00005585": "BUT ALSO IN WEIGHT LIFTING AND RUGBY, AS A KID WHO PLAYED MORE THAN ONE SPORT IN HIGH SCHOOL, I", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00065-00005585-00005592": "RUGBY, AS A KID WHO PLAYED MORE THAN ONE SPORT IN HIGH SCHOOL, I", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00066-00005592-00005685": "RUGBY, AS A KID WHO PLAYED MORE THAN ONE SPORT IN HIGH SCHOOL, I KNOW HOW HARD THAT IS.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00067-00005685-00005692": "THAN ONE SPORT IN HIGH SCHOOL, I KNOW HOW HARD THAT IS.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00068-00005692-00005899": "THAN ONE SPORT IN HIGH SCHOOL, I KNOW HOW HARD THAT IS. I HAVE A TON OF RESPECT FOR", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00069-00005899-00005905": "KNOW HOW HARD THAT IS. I HAVE A TON OF RESPECT FOR", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00070-00005905-00005962": "KNOW HOW HARD THAT IS. I HAVE A TON OF RESPECT FOR HER.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00071-00005962-00005969": "I HAVE A TON OF RESPECT FOR HER.", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00072-00005969-00006112": "I HAVE A TON OF RESPECT FOR HER. >> LILI HAS ACCEPTED A", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00073-00006112-00006119": "HER. >> LILI HAS ACCEPTED A", "eyzfUcpsXcu-00074-00006119-00006262": "HER. >> LILI HAS ACCEPTED A SCHOLARSHIP TO PLAY RUGBY AT"}}, {"audio_id": "eyzWvFxQefo", "text": {"eyzWvFxQefo-00000-00000212-00000454": "So, this is how it all started.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00001-00000454-00000625": "A just bougt my 3D-printer", "eyzWvFxQefo-00002-00000625-00000915": "and I wanted to try it out,", "eyzWvFxQefo-00003-00000915-00001358": "so I decided to print gears.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00004-00001358-00001495": "I made these", "eyzWvFxQefo-00005-00001495-00001723": "as my first project.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00006-00001723-00002041": "It's called the gear painting and", "eyzWvFxQefo-00007-00002041-00002304": "you can find it on Thingiverse.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00008-00002304-00002450": "All the", "eyzWvFxQefo-00009-00002450-00002802": "part are there.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00010-00002802-00003390": "There's no bearings or anything, it's just basically nails with printed parts on them.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00011-00003554-00003775": "So, that was the first one.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00012-00003775-00003940": "I decided that if I could do", "eyzWvFxQefo-00013-00003940-00004293": "gears, I could probably do some other", "eyzWvFxQefo-00014-00004293-00004763": "advanced mechanics, so I decided  to do a Gear Project.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00015-00004763-00005128": "and... I hade a free space", "eyzWvFxQefo-00016-00005128-00005291": "in our staircase.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00017-00005291-00005760": "A free wall which is about four meters high", "eyzWvFxQefo-00018-00005760-00006003": "and two meters wide.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00019-00006003-00006212": "That's the whole space.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00020-00006212-00006608": "So, I put the whole project on the wall.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00021-00006608-00007025": "Emm... It's basically six frames, three white", "eyzWvFxQefo-00022-00007025-00007265": "and three black.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00023-00007265-00007412": "And then eh,", "eyzWvFxQefo-00024-00007412-00007531": "everything is driven", "eyzWvFxQefo-00025-00007531-00007879": "from this third frame", "eyzWvFxQefo-00026-00007879-00008020": "Eh, there is", "eyzWvFxQefo-00027-00008020-00008238": "the driving gear", "eyzWvFxQefo-00028-00008238-00008592": "coming from motor in the boxes at the side there", "eyzWvFxQefo-00029-00008592-00008695": "Aemm,", "eyzWvFxQefo-00030-00008695-00009140": "They're not lined up perfectly. I will a redesign of the boxes.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00031-00009140-00009308": "But that's how it looks.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00032-00009308-00009558": "And the motor is coming in right there,", "eyzWvFxQefo-00033-00009558-00009788": "that's the driving gear.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00034-00009788-00009998": "and the this one goes up to", "eyzWvFxQefo-00035-00009998-00010245": "other frames up here.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00036-00010245-00010675": "and the last one, this one goes down here.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00037-00010675-00010919": "So, it all drives like that,", "eyzWvFxQefo-00038-00010919-00011163": "it's a double gear.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00039-00011163-00011318": "teeth at the top", "eyzWvFxQefo-00040-00011318-00011622": "and teeth at the side.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00041-00011622-00012043": "The theeth at the side drives the gears inside the frame", "eyzWvFxQefo-00042-00012043-00012373": "and, the ones on sticking out, like this.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00043-00012373-00012890": "Then there is the axes coming with the universal joint", "eyzWvFxQefo-00044-00012890-00013190": "driving the next frame.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00045-00013190-00013671": "There is a RJ11 connection which connects the... lighting.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00046-00013671-00013856": "As you can see, it's lit.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00047-00013856-00014207": "Connects the lighting down to the next frame and up to the next frame.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00048-00014207-00014465": "so if you go down here", "eyzWvFxQefo-00049-00014465-00015081": "to the next frame.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00050-00015081-00015244": "And then... it's black, and", "eyzWvFxQefo-00051-00015244-00015852": "then you have the driving gear white instead, the doubble gear, and the...", "eyzWvFxQefo-00052-00015852-00016302": "white gears is coming out, and it goes further", "eyzWvFxQefo-00053-00016302-00016622": "to the next frame...", "eyzWvFxQefo-00054-00016622-00016923": "The same idea.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00055-00016923-00017068": "Ahemm...", "eyzWvFxQefo-00056-00017068-00017400": "The RJ11 connection is used to...", "eyzWvFxQefo-00057-00017400-00017748": "to just to just have the lighting so if I pull this one", "eyzWvFxQefo-00058-00017748-00018045": "It looses the light.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00059-00018045-00018507": "Very simple.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00060-00018507-00018801": "Ehm... This is the top part, it's about 3 meters", "eyzWvFxQefo-00061-00018801-00019104": "from staircase.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00062-00019104-00019503": "Then it gose the next one.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00063-00019503-00020159": "It's two white gears sticking out on this frame.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00064-00020159-00020425": "And then, the universal joints again of course", "eyzWvFxQefo-00065-00020425-00020934": "to the next one like this.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00066-00020934-00021173": "One black gear is sticking out.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00067-00021173-00021397": "The motor is quite strong.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00068-00021397-00021945": "So, it's not a good idea to put your finger like this... I think you will hurt.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00069-00021945-00022114": "But eventually...", "eyzWvFxQefo-00070-00022114-00022541": "something will probably break before your finger breaks, but it will hurt.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00071-00022541-00022757": "And there is all ball bearings everywhere,", "eyzWvFxQefo-00072-00022757-00022969": "so, on the gears have", "eyzWvFxQefo-00073-00022969-00023342": "ball bearings, this is M6 screws.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00074-00023342-00023815": "Ball bearings on everything. On the holder there is a ball bearing.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00075-00023815-00024008": "and there is a,", "eyzWvFxQefo-00076-00024008-00024288": "ball bearing on the", "eyzWvFxQefo-00077-00024288-00024559": "holder right there.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00078-00024559-00024696": "And the same on", "eyzWvFxQefo-00079-00024696-00024944": "every frame everywhere.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00080-00024944-00025234": "In the universal joints as well.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00081-00025234-00025408": "Ball bearings...", "eyzWvFxQefo-00082-00025408-00025642": "So, it's very quiet.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00083-00025642-00025875": "The whole idea whas that it should be quiet so", "eyzWvFxQefo-00084-00025875-00026169": "it should not disturb anyone.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00085-00026169-00026340": "for the moment the...", "eyzWvFxQefo-00086-00026340-00026658": "the motor is a little bit noisy.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00087-00026658-00026855": "It is something wrong with, so I will change it.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00088-00026855-00027091": "when I get the new one.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00089-00027091-00027357": "So this is the whole thingie...", "eyzWvFxQefo-00090-00027357-00027543": "and is there is a, uh...", "eyzWvFxQefo-00091-00027543-00027877": "Remote controll to controll the lighting", "eyzWvFxQefo-00092-00027877-00028577": "so if I do red here, the thing is red.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00093-00029128-00029568": "Green, it's green, And blue of course, and white.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00094-00029568-00029852": "You can also be changed the", "eyzWvFxQefo-00095-00029852-00030359": "amount, change how, how...", "eyzWvFxQefo-00096-00030359-00030830": "bright it should be.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00097-00030830-00031202": "Very nice.", "eyzWvFxQefo-00098-00031202-00031902": "Ehh.. Yea, that's about it I think."}}, {"audio_id": "eyEGpqPh1p0", "text": {"eyEGpqPh1p0-00000-00000006-00000509": "Have you ever wondered how someone can go from having absolutely nothing and then having it all", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00001-00000574-00000825": "Anything they could have ever dreamed of they have it", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00002-00000825-00001359": "Well, I was one of those people and I'm going to show you exactly how I created my reality. Let's go", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00003-00002068-00002465": "Did you know we live in a world of abundance did you know that anything?", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00004-00002466-00003033": "You can dream of it can become yours your deepest desires. Literally anything. I promise you", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00005-00003046-00003309": "so the first thing is really", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00006-00003385-00004161": "Having a big enough imagination a creative enough imagination to be able to see yourself doing something crazy something huge", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00007-00004216-00004532": "Something that will change the world once you have that big picture", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00008-00004585-00005016": "You have to figure out exactly what it's gonna take for you to accomplish that for you not to be", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00009-00005068-00005684": "Overwhelmed by having such an amazing huge goal that you want to accomplish for you not to be overwhelmed", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00010-00005685-00005810": "You need to write it down", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00011-00005810-00006281": "You need to write down literally in every little step that its gonna take for you to get there", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00012-00006282-00006794": "That's how you create your reality. It doesn't matter where you start you could be so broke", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00013-00006795-00007092": "You could be the poorest person in the world", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00014-00007111-00007797": "But if you have desire if you have willpower if you want to do something, so huge and change the world", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00015-00007845-00008436": "No one's gonna stop you. It's not about skin colour. It's not about ethnicity. It's not about a little gender", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00016-00008436-00008942": "It's it's not about anything like that. There's so many rich people that", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00017-00009010-00009318": "Haven't really brought anything positive to society, you know", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00018-00009372-00009525": "And I just want you to know you're not alone", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00019-00009525-00009712": "A lot of people want to change the world", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00020-00009712-00010199": "But we're the ones that are actually gonna take the massive action to change. I hope you're one of them", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00021-00010200-00010339": "I know I'm one of them and", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00022-00010339-00010977": "The only reason I actually got involved in the startup space is because I knew it was gonna be a platform for positivity", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00023-00010977-00011489": "I knew it was gonna be a platform that was going to unite the worlds entrepreneurs and", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00024-00011512-00012149": "Provide them with resources from a local to global scale to help everybody grow their business, ethically", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00025-00012150-00012900": "and I think that's amazing and I'm honored to be a part of that team that's gonna revolutionize the world for entrepreneurs because god knows", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00026-00012955-00013463": "The world needs more of us because we're the creatives. We're the ones that think outside the box", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00027-00013463-00013752": "We're the ones that question everything without us", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00028-00013774-00014279": "This world would be so complacent and if you're an entrepreneur, I want you to know that you're not alone", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00029-00014316-00014627": "I have self-doubts. Everybody has self-doubts", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00030-00014632-00015365": "everybody has negative thoughts but it's the willpower within us to out think those negative thoughts and put positivity in there put", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00031-00015394-00015969": "affirmations in there and that's how we cleanse ourselves of those negative thoughts remind ourselves what our true goal is and", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00032-00015991-00016626": "And feel it with emotion feel our true goals with emotion so that we can go out and accomplish them", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00033-00016660-00016886": "The world needs more of us now", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00034-00016887-00017406": "I hope what you take out of this helps you and I hope that you go show it to somebody so you can help them", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00035-00017431-00018000": "Because we're not alone and we need a platform that unites us all together in that startup space", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00036-00018000-00018444": "So go download the app go use it and ask a question any question", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00037-00018444-00019061": "Even if it's about like self help self development anything like that or if it's marketing whatever whatever question that you need answered", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00038-00019062-00019569": "It doesn't matter. We're here to help each other. We're here to uplift each other. Okay, because", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00039-00019623-00020177": "Society isn't gonna do it for us. So we got to take massive action and help ourselves out. All right", "eyEGpqPh1p0-00040-00020178-00020378": "Hope you guys enjoyed it latest"}}, {"audio_id": "eyN2AScokpE", "text": {"eyN2AScokpE-00000-00000264-00000634": "FRANCISCO SORIANO AND PETER CORDENONSI", "eyN2AScokpE-00001-00000705-00001043": "PRESENT", "eyN2AScokpE-00002-00001182-00001569": "A MOVIE OF ONE BRAZIL'S DARKEST PERIODS", "eyN2AScokpE-00003-00002866-00003326": "Hard times... It was a very sad period for each one of us.", "eyN2AScokpE-00004-00003414-00003822": "We used to get worried about uncle Francisco", "eyN2AScokpE-00005-00003882-00004250": "due to the concern about someone that had gone through such a trauma, one would", "eyN2AScokpE-00006-00004250-00004358": "[ Francisco´s niece and sister ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00007-00004390-00004790": "usually take medicines, visit psychiatrists here and there, but not him. He lives the life.", "eyN2AScokpE-00008-00004790-00005266": "He is such a zen, playing his accordion, his music. He believes in humanity.", "eyN2AScokpE-00009-00005360-00005747": "DURING THE DICTATORSHIP YEARS, \"THE LEAD YEARS\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00010-00005938-00006406": "YOUNG STUDENTS CHOSE DEFENDING FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY OVER PARTIES", "eyN2AScokpE-00011-00006642-00007120": "THEY FOUGHT, THEY WERE TORTURED AND MANY DID NOT SURVIVE", "eyN2AScokpE-00012-00007479-00007747": "ONE OF THEM DECIDED, AS HIS MISSION,", "eyN2AScokpE-00013-00007751-00008086": "TO TELL \"THE STORY OF THE RESISTENT ONES\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00014-00008445-00008764": "HE WAS BORN IN TEÓFILO OTONI, MINAS GERAIS STATE", "eyN2AScokpE-00015-00008768-00008989": "IN 1964, HE LIVED IN RIO DE JANEIRO", "eyN2AScokpE-00016-00009087-00009351": "HE STILLS DREAMS OF A BETTER COUNTRY", "eyN2AScokpE-00017-00009355-00009645": "AND A MORE HUMANE SOCIETY", "eyN2AScokpE-00018-00009869-00010319": "HE MET MANY FELLOWS WHO SHARED THOSE SAME DREAMS", "eyN2AScokpE-00019-00010567-00010819": "THE BIG DEPARTURE THE LEAD YEARS", "eyN2AScokpE-00020-00010846-00011462": "The Brazilian military dictatorship invented a lot of myths during its ruling time.", "eyN2AScokpE-00021-00011522-00012074": "For instance, the idea that repression was a reaction due to the armed struggle.", "eyN2AScokpE-00022-00012074-00012622": "It´s complete lie! The Military hard-liners took over the government authority.", "eyN2AScokpE-00023-00012754-00013170": "They violated the constitution, deposed a legitimate president, established", "eyN2AScokpE-00024-00013270-00013930": "censorship, coerced the judicial system, dreadfully arrested many people.", "eyN2AScokpE-00025-00013930-00014806": "All this before the armed struggle. Once the underground political action had its", "eyN2AScokpE-00026-00014914-00015506": "beginning, they were already using all the violent means, trying to carry all before one.", "eyN2AScokpE-00027-00015694-00016090": "At the time of the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état, I was a newly graduate lawyer.", "eyN2AScokpE-00028-00016090-00016194": "[ Lawyer ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00029-00016242-00016770": "I used to work in a very modest office", "eyN2AScokpE-00030-00016770-00017082": "I remember one day I went there,", "eyN2AScokpE-00031-00017130-00017530": "there was a rally that was supposed to be a public meeting to support the government.", "eyN2AScokpE-00032-00017670-00018122": "Lots of people looking at the sky, looking at the streets.", "eyN2AScokpE-00033-00018122-00018630": "Suddenly, from the streets there came tanks, and the people applauded them.", "eyN2AScokpE-00034-00018722-00019022": "They thought they were tanks supporting the government.", "eyN2AScokpE-00035-00019082-00019450": "Shortly after, they noticed that the Army soldiers were carrying", "eyN2AScokpE-00036-00019450-00019882": "their fixed bayonets... behind those tanks.", "eyN2AScokpE-00037-00019882-00020406": "While people were applauding, the tank cannons were rotated.", "eyN2AScokpE-00038-00020562-00021390": "As soon as people began booing them, soldiers started banishing people from there.", "eyN2AScokpE-00039-00021474-00021874": "There were protestations against them, some were shouting at them and,", "eyN2AScokpE-00040-00021978-00022522": "meanwhile, two men shot into the crowd. I saw it happen, a man fell down near me.", "eyN2AScokpE-00041-00022774-00023282": "The pair who shot ran towards the Military Club,", "eyN2AScokpE-00042-00023282-00023634": "on the corner of Rio Branco Ave. and Santa Luzia St.", "eyN2AScokpE-00043-00023742-00024166": "They entered the building and immediately the gates were shut&", "eyN2AScokpE-00044-00024226-00024586": "and we realized: the Coup had taken the streets over. Exactly on April 1st.", "eyN2AScokpE-00045-00024658-00025302": "Nobody wants to be neither coupist nor rebellious.", "eyN2AScokpE-00046-00025354-00025514": "[ Historian ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00047-00025574-00025942": "That´s why in the beginning, maybe by distraction,", "eyN2AScokpE-00048-00026034-00026534": "what they called The April 1st 1964 Revolution.", "eyN2AScokpE-00049-00026534-00026938": "Before long, they realized April 1st was known as the Fools' Day.", "eyN2AScokpE-00050-00026938-00027518": "It was even invented that that was a redemptive \"Revolution\". One that saved", "eyN2AScokpE-00051-00027606-00027918": "the west from the communist expansion, celebrated on March 31st.", "eyN2AScokpE-00052-00028070-00028434": "Actually, we´re not talking about a revolution. That was a counter-revolutionary", "eyN2AScokpE-00053-00028558-00028818": "project of some Brazilian capitalist groups, with a kind of commitment to", "eyN2AScokpE-00054-00028974-00029374": "some military branches, to control the progress of peoples´ rightly struggle -", "eyN2AScokpE-00055-00029374-00030010": "that in a way was being stimulated by reformist politics of João Goulart´s", "eyN2AScokpE-00056-00030090-00030702": "populist government. Since the very beginning of our colonization period,", "eyN2AScokpE-00057-00030914-00031278": "all the Elite politics, leading politics, defended the land property concentration.", "eyN2AScokpE-00058-00031302-00031806": "It means that if one messed with them, one would have opposed the capitalist society.", "eyN2AScokpE-00059-00031866-00032314": "That was an idea of someone who would be considered a communist at a later time.", "eyN2AScokpE-00060-00032398-00032798": "First of all, the Military Coup put an end to people´s dreams,", "eyN2AScokpE-00061-00032946-00033342": "- dreams about a reformed country.", "eyN2AScokpE-00062-00033390-00033462": "[ Economist ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00063-00033498-00033938": "the word \"reform\" sounded as an order. It is so because we had been", "eyN2AScokpE-00064-00033938-00034382": "because we had been waiting for Rural Reform, Urban Reform, University Reform", "eyN2AScokpE-00065-00034382-00035010": "for an improvement of our own sovereignty over our own country and our own riches,", "eyN2AScokpE-00066-00035078-00035622": "so that these riches would bring us a bettered social equality,", "eyN2AScokpE-00067-00035622-00035986": "social justice. It was part of the plan,", "eyN2AScokpE-00068-00036018-00036542": "flowing into a government which had no better perspective. Something interestingly", "eyN2AScokpE-00069-00036610-00037010": "good in the pre-coup period was a Mining political faction", "eyN2AScokpE-00070-00037106-00037518": "that we started in Minas Gerais, with Geology and Engineering students.", "eyN2AScokpE-00071-00037690-00038062": "In February 1964, they organized a great meeting", "eyN2AScokpE-00072-00038334-00038682": "that was called \"No Ore Gives Minerals Twice\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00073-00038806-00039442": "The idea was to discuss Brazil´s own sovereignty over its own resources,", "eyN2AScokpE-00074-00039442-00039834": "that were already in the hands of transnational corporations,", "eyN2AScokpE-00075-00039974-00040146": "mainly American, but English ones too.", "eyN2AScokpE-00076-00040274-00040738": "THE PATH OF THE COUP (FROM GETÚLIO TO GOULART)", "eyN2AScokpE-00077-00040798-00041246": "- Could Janio Quadros be considered representative of a 64 kind of coup attempt", "eyN2AScokpE-00078-00041298-00041486": "without weapons?", "eyN2AScokpE-00079-00041574-00041742": "- Partly, yes.", "eyN2AScokpE-00080-00042154-00042754": "to the IMF in order to control inflation", "eyN2AScokpE-00081-00042930-00043254": "In general terms, that´s what happened.", "eyN2AScokpE-00082-00043254-00043570": "But not from the external point of view. No.", "eyN2AScokpE-00083-00043570-00043926": "From the external point of view, that was a main cause for the fall of President", "eyN2AScokpE-00084-00043926-00044326": "Jânio Quadros. He established an independent foreign policy. It is, however,", "eyN2AScokpE-00085-00044430-00044894": "important to know that attempts at coup had been made for quite some time.", "eyN2AScokpE-00086-00044894-00045822": "In 1954, the crisis after Vargas´ suicide was part of a coup attempt.", "eyN2AScokpE-00087-00045926-00046326": "There was even an upper school of war in operation.", "eyN2AScokpE-00088-00046326-00046582": "Golbery was already working.", "eyN2AScokpE-00089-00046630-00046986": "even found a way to overthrow João Goulart as Minister of Labor", "eyN2AScokpE-00090-00047058-00047430": "when he proposed to raise the monthly minimum wage to 100% of it,", "eyN2AScokpE-00091-00047526-00047678": "which was frozen since the 40s.", "eyN2AScokpE-00092-00047766-00048038": "They also released \"The Manifesto of the Colonels\" and", "eyN2AScokpE-00093-00048186-00048482": "practically removed João Goulart from the Ministry of Labor. President Getúlio", "eyN2AScokpE-00094-00048530-00048882": "complied with that, but the 100% increase in the minimum wage was approved.", "eyN2AScokpE-00095-00049026-00049478": "I clearly remember the day Getúlio died. I mean, the suicide,", "eyN2AScokpE-00096-00049590-00049762": "that actually was a murder.", "eyN2AScokpE-00097-00049910-00050386": "I had been working before I went to Acre Street, towards the crowd", "eyN2AScokpE-00098-00050386-00050694": "that wanted to invade the Globo newspaper building.", "eyN2AScokpE-00099-00050726-00050954": "But there they had their big gateways and it was impossible to enter the building.", "eyN2AScokpE-00100-00051006-00051426": "So, we attacked their vehicles used for newspaper distribution.", "eyN2AScokpE-00101-00051494-00051634": "Then we planned a direct attack on", "eyN2AScokpE-00102-00051706-00051942": "the Tribuna da Imprensa newspaper", "eyN2AScokpE-00103-00051998-00052434": "When we got there, the building had already been surrounded by the Air Force soldiers", "eyN2AScokpE-00104-00052554-00052902": "carrying their machine guns and rifles with fixed bayonets. In that case, I went home.", "eyN2AScokpE-00105-00053010-00053598": "The 60s ground a national development that had been tried since the government of", "eyN2AScokpE-00106-00053658-00054130": "President JK, purportedly meant for freedom.", "eyN2AScokpE-00107-00054170-00054626": "Then, we are able to see some improvements in Brazil.", "eyN2AScokpE-00108-00054734-00055098": "As the process of industrialization starts, a new Middle Class arises from it,", "eyN2AScokpE-00109-00055206-00055466": "and, expressing the origin of this class, some movements are created.", "eyN2AScokpE-00110-00055506-00055666": "[ Journalist ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00111-00055754-00056338": "We had cultural movements such as Bossa Nova, the \"Cinema Novo\" film movement", "eyN2AScokpE-00112-00056462-00056714": "and a national pride grounding.", "eyN2AScokpE-00113-00056714-00057122": "A strong motivation for the development of this national pride awareness took place", "eyN2AScokpE-00114-00057218-00057746": "when Brazil won its first World Cup,", "eyN2AScokpE-00115-00057841-00058329": "THE SIXTIES", "eyN2AScokpE-00116-00058410-00058750": "I have no regrets. I could do everything again. I would have done it even better.", "eyN2AScokpE-00117-00058862-00059262": "I just wouldn´t have made some mistakes.", "eyN2AScokpE-00118-00059262-00059338": "- What mistakes are these?", "eyN2AScokpE-00119-00059470-00059970": "- One mistake is that we were too idealists, such as dreamers.", "eyN2AScokpE-00120-00059970-00060250": "Sometimes we behaved like sectarians,", "eyN2AScokpE-00121-00060310-00060510": "[ Lutheran Priest ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00122-00060570-00061226": "sometimes we discriminated against a comrade who stood for another ideology.", "eyN2AScokpE-00123-00061366-00061942": "There was a bit of vanity. Some mistakes, you know. A mistake that is also some sort", "eyN2AScokpE-00124-00062002-00062794": "of ideological purism. Despite being Christian, I considered myself a", "eyN2AScokpE-00125-00062910-00063270": "Christian-Marxist, and it was", "eyN2AScokpE-00126-00063334-00063810": "The Marxism, Leninism etc were forms of a kind of dogma. Actually, I would have been", "eyN2AScokpE-00127-00063878-00064514": "less dogmatic, and would not have behaved like a Manichaean", "eyN2AScokpE-00128-00064570-00064786": "who would split this country into two parts: pure and impure ones.", "eyN2AScokpE-00129-00064786-00065098": "The pure ones were the leftists,", "eyN2AScokpE-00130-00065166-00065402": "and the degree of pureness would depend", "eyN2AScokpE-00131-00065462-00065702": "on the political-ideological level of the person.", "eyN2AScokpE-00132-00065702-00066390": "I would have been more humane, probably. Despite being a Christian man,", "eyN2AScokpE-00133-00066454-00067094": "I also had a hard time, as many others who once said \"let´s save the world\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00134-00067170-00067294": "In other words, it was like a triumphalism.", "eyN2AScokpE-00135-00067338-00067498": "There is a song by Gilberto Gil that says:", "eyN2AScokpE-00136-00067570-00067826": "\"those who did not sleep in a sleeping bag did not even dream\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00137-00067826-00068066": "We slept in a \"sleeping bag\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00138-00068194-00068570": "No doubt there were moments of sorrowful experience,", "eyN2AScokpE-00139-00068602-00068974": "though very rich in meaning, in the sense that we had the opportunity to try.", "eyN2AScokpE-00140-00068974-00069162": "We thought we could change the world.", "eyN2AScokpE-00141-00069298-00069698": "The International Conjuncture of the ´60s was progressive.", "eyN2AScokpE-00142-00069898-00070366": "The fight for Civil Rights and Racial Equality assumed a high-profile role", "eyN2AScokpE-00143-00070534-00070934": "in the U.S.A, with movements such as the Black Power and Black Panthers", "eyN2AScokpE-00144-00071054-00071398": "boldly confronting the white capitalist establishment.", "eyN2AScokpE-00145-00071458-00072374": "The May 1968 took place in France. Actually, there were various", "eyN2AScokpE-00146-00072502-00073002": "international movements standing for a progressive cultural improvement.", "eyN2AScokpE-00147-00073086-00074038": "However, the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état was established out of this international way.", "eyN2AScokpE-00148-00074038-00074242": "In fact, that´s an event that not only happened in Brazil,", "eyN2AScokpE-00149-00074242-00074690": "but also in other Latin America countries.", "eyN2AScokpE-00150-00074690-00074954": "[ Sociologist ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00151-00074954-00075322": "Because in Latin America there were other countries in the same situation,", "eyN2AScokpE-00152-00075522-00075946": "on the occasion Latin America was passing through changes and", "eyN2AScokpE-00153-00075974-00076758": "moving towards the solution of its own chronic difficulties and social differences.", "eyN2AScokpE-00154-00076758-00077418": "In many of these Latin countries, the way of treating this situation was quite similar.", "eyN2AScokpE-00155-00077593-00077771": "OPERATION CONDOR", "eyN2AScokpE-00156-00077774-00078015": "Then, there was Operation Condor,", "eyN2AScokpE-00157-00078019-00078242": "which was the articulation", "eyN2AScokpE-00158-00078246-00078535": "between all Latin American dictatorships.", "eyN2AScokpE-00159-00078538-00078901": "Operation Condor did work as an articulation,", "eyN2AScokpE-00160-00078905-00079155": "in which Brazil was a key component,", "eyN2AScokpE-00161-00079158-00079413": "in supplying theoretic schemes", "eyN2AScokpE-00162-00079417-00079886": "of many torture methods. Everyone knows that.", "eyN2AScokpE-00163-00079890-00080327": "Brazilians were torture teachers to all Latin America.", "eyN2AScokpE-00164-00080335-00080563": "If you search the Brazilian records,", "eyN2AScokpE-00165-00080566-00081018": "you'll find Brazil's participation in Operation Condor.", "eyN2AScokpE-00166-00081021-00081254": "You won't find them in Brazil,", "eyN2AScokpE-00167-00081257-00081617": "but if you look in Chile, Paraguay,", "eyN2AScokpE-00168-00081620-00081878": "Uruguay and Argentina", "eyN2AScokpE-00169-00081881-00082307": "we can find the interface of it all.", "eyN2AScokpE-00170-00082313-00082684": "For instance, I recall Martin, the lawyer,", "eyN2AScokpE-00171-00082691-00082926": "showing me Mariguela's biography.", "eyN2AScokpE-00172-00082930-00083281": "Every record that was found here", "eyN2AScokpE-00173-00083284-00083646": "had exact copies in other countries.", "eyN2AScokpE-00174-00083650-00083867": "Modesto, to which extent,", "eyN2AScokpE-00175-00083871-00084310": "can this help, or even demoralize", "eyN2AScokpE-00176-00084394-00084943": "the actions of those who want to keep the truth concealed?", "eyN2AScokpE-00177-00084988-00085477": "We've got signs and proof that such records, abroad,", "eyN2AScokpE-00178-00085480-00085835": "links Brazil with the whole articulation.", "eyN2AScokpE-00179-00085838-00086240": "If the Brazilian Government refuses to show their records,", "eyN2AScokpE-00180-00086244-00086714": "the same records can be exposed from abroad.", "eyN2AScokpE-00181-00086718-00086998": "This could make the Brazilian authorities look bad", "eyN2AScokpE-00182-00087001-00087239": "for trying to conceal the truth.", "eyN2AScokpE-00183-00087242-00087491": "It will be revealed.", "eyN2AScokpE-00184-00087495-00087916": "Martin himself says that he's got a plethora of documents", "eyN2AScokpE-00185-00087919-00088281": "having even brought a few as models and examples,", "eyN2AScokpE-00186-00088284-00088794": "linking Brazilian authorities to Operation Condor,", "eyN2AScokpE-00187-00088797-00089087": "as well as the torturers and their victims.", "eyN2AScokpE-00188-00089090-00089383": "The Government keeps stating", "eyN2AScokpE-00189-00089387-00089895": "that their part in the continental and worldwide torture and killings", "eyN2AScokpE-00190-00089898-00090205": "is a meager one. That's not true.", "eyN2AScokpE-00191-00090208-00090419": "Major Pires Sergueira", "eyN2AScokpE-00192-00090422-00090921": "died during the international articulation of Operation Condor", "eyN2AScokpE-00193-00090924-00091428": "because he plotted the escape of Col. Gerson de Alencar Osório.", "eyN2AScokpE-00194-00091505-00091627": "THE FEAR", "eyN2AScokpE-00195-00091696-00092092": "It´s very difficult to get someone to head an union, to hand out pamphlets.", "eyN2AScokpE-00196-00092092-00092464": "This is because of a certain kind of cultural habit.", "eyN2AScokpE-00197-00092600-00093140": "Till nowadays people have this concern over receiving pamphlets", "eyN2AScokpE-00198-00093168-00094024": "and no fear of giving it away. So, where does it come from? This repressive fear?", "eyN2AScokpE-00199-00094136-00094612": "That´s the culture of fear. I commented on this when I was discussing", "eyN2AScokpE-00200-00094612-00094972": "about something that is happening in Teófilo Otoni. Then someone said:", "eyN2AScokpE-00201-00095020-00095300": "\"but I have fear\" - this is what is really dangerous.", "eyN2AScokpE-00202-00095364-00095788": "During the strikes period, we went on our first strike and it was the opportunity", "eyN2AScokpE-00203-00095972-00096372": "for me to make the jump from", "eyN2AScokpE-00204-00096556-00096956": "People were afraid of going on strike, and so was I. But we were continuously", "eyN2AScokpE-00205-00096988-00097388": "struggling with it and making progress. There are two ways to oppress: one way is", "eyN2AScokpE-00206-00097500-00098244": "to arrest and punish people. It has an end, but it also incites grievances and anger.", "eyN2AScokpE-00207-00098352-00099056": "And when someone finally escapes maltreatments", "eyN2AScokpE-00208-00099092-00099292": "it is over.", "eyN2AScokpE-00209-00099432-00099668": "Even so, there is another kind of oppression that is sweet: If you do that,", "eyN2AScokpE-00210-00099768-00100264": "you will find yourself in great danger\". This kind of oppression is the most harmful.", "eyN2AScokpE-00211-00100400-00100716": "Due to such an oppression we have such kind of fear.", "eyN2AScokpE-00212-00100865-00101076": "THE WORKER", "eyN2AScokpE-00213-00101080-00101299": "I went to work at a factory", "eyN2AScokpE-00214-00101302-00101763": "aiming to be reborn as a worker.", "eyN2AScokpE-00215-00101766-00101972": "That's very sane, isn't it?", "eyN2AScokpE-00216-00101975-00102189": "To move out of my class", "eyN2AScokpE-00217-00102192-00102428": "and be reborn as a worker", "eyN2AScokpE-00218-00102432-00102836": "so that I could see how the workman and the workwoman", "eyN2AScokpE-00219-00102840-00103339": "live in the greatest industrial city of Latin America, São Paulo.", "eyN2AScokpE-00220-00103343-00103665": "It was a rebirth experience to me,", "eyN2AScokpE-00221-00103668-00104082": "which made me humbler then when I started,", "eyN2AScokpE-00222-00104085-00104402": "thinking that I had some \"truth\" to teach them.", "eyN2AScokpE-00223-00104405-00104744": "Then, I gradually realized that their lives", "eyN2AScokpE-00224-00104747-00105194": "were the actual milestones that would pace the changes.", "eyN2AScokpE-00225-00105197-00105654": "I found out that my goal was to help them", "eyN2AScokpE-00226-00105658-00105988": "to become self-aware.", "eyN2AScokpE-00227-00105991-00106290": "Of their rights, their potential,", "eyN2AScokpE-00228-00106293-00106468": "their dignity,", "eyN2AScokpE-00229-00106472-00106651": "and develop self-esteem", "eyN2AScokpE-00230-00106655-00107041": "to become the subjects of their own stories.", "eyN2AScokpE-00231-00107044-00107371": "That notion gained strength on the exile,", "eyN2AScokpE-00232-00107374-00107736": "when I worked with Paulo Freire for 4 years.", "eyN2AScokpE-00233-00107739-00107995": "That was his vision", "eyN2AScokpE-00234-00107998-00108375": "and that was when I started re-discovering", "eyN2AScokpE-00235-00108378-00108583": "the meaning of the revolution.", "eyN2AScokpE-00236-00108586-00108930": "The revolution is not conquering the Government", "eyN2AScokpE-00237-00108934-00109247": "in order to obtain all the solutions from it.", "eyN2AScokpE-00238-00109251-00109622": "Rather, it is the construction of a society", "eyN2AScokpE-00239-00109626-00109938": "in which each individual becomes the subject", "eyN2AScokpE-00240-00109941-00110333": "of himself, his story and his development.", "eyN2AScokpE-00241-00110337-00110651": "That was a major learning to me:", "eyN2AScokpE-00242-00110654-00110879": "to quit my job as a geologist", "eyN2AScokpE-00243-00110883-00111353": "and become a factory worker for two years,", "eyN2AScokpE-00244-00111356-00111832": "enduring the awful work conditions,", "eyN2AScokpE-00245-00111836-00111989": "12 hours a day,", "eyN2AScokpE-00246-00111993-00112439": "in one of the greatest transnational foundries", "eyN2AScokpE-00247-00112442-00112592": "in São Paulo.", "eyN2AScokpE-00248-00112592-00112974": "I t was a Mercedes-Benz subsidiary company.", "eyN2AScokpE-00249-00112978-00113423": "We had a mandatory 12-hour daily shift", "eyN2AScokpE-00250-00113427-00113662": "plus overtime.", "eyN2AScokpE-00251-00113666-00113996": "It was a terrible setting,", "eyN2AScokpE-00252-00114000-00114522": "a huge hangar, with 150 workers in that section alone.", "eyN2AScokpE-00253-00114526-00114885": "The factory had a total of 3,000 workers.", "eyN2AScokpE-00254-00114889-00115281": "It was then that the military coup reason became clear.", "eyN2AScokpE-00255-00115285-00115697": "So that the capital holders would have the full authority", "eyN2AScokpE-00256-00115700-00115940": "to crush the working class.", "eyN2AScokpE-00257-00115944-00116386": "So, to sensitize the workers to join the union", "eyN2AScokpE-00258-00116390-00116741": "was marred with a plethora of hindrances.", "eyN2AScokpE-00259-00116744-00117080": "Joining the union was already a big taboo.", "eyN2AScokpE-00260-00117084-00117328": "It was risking being arrested,", "eyN2AScokpE-00261-00117331-00117815": "of being seen as one with ties to those opposing the system.", "eyN2AScokpE-00262-00117952-00118175": "Standard procedures today,", "eyN2AScokpE-00263-00118178-00118652": "which were then considered great acts of heroism.", "eyN2AScokpE-00264-00118655-00118943": "Besides the union had been infiltrated,", "eyN2AScokpE-00265-00118947-00119234": "ran by undercover Government agents.", "eyN2AScokpE-00266-00119235-00119566": "They organized the council with the Intelligence.", "eyN2AScokpE-00267-00119570-00119840": "It was a series of risks we undertook", "eyN2AScokpE-00268-00119843-00120052": "in forming what ended up being", "eyN2AScokpE-00269-00120056-00120398": "the São Paulo's Metallurgic Opposition Union.", "eyN2AScokpE-00270-00120401-00120577": "SINDIPETRO RIO DE JANEIRO", "eyN2AScokpE-00271-00120580-00121031": "The main concern of the dominating classes,", "eyN2AScokpE-00272-00121034-00121177": "the oppressors,", "eyN2AScokpE-00273-00121181-00121613": "is the working class.", "eyN2AScokpE-00274-00121652-00121977": "In the coup of the year 1964,", "eyN2AScokpE-00275-00121980-00122505": "the first targets were the workers.", "eyN2AScokpE-00276-00122508-00122826": "Effectively, their allies...", "eyN2AScokpE-00277-00122829-00123275": "Some call the workers a powder keg,", "eyN2AScokpE-00278-00123278-00123609": "and the students movement, the fuse.", "eyN2AScokpE-00279-00123613-00124166": "That immediately hit UNE, because they were allies.", "eyN2AScokpE-00280-00124179-00124663": "The first issue was considering strikes an anti-government crime.", "eyN2AScokpE-00281-00124666-00124981": "The first order given to unions", "eyN2AScokpE-00282-00124984-00125284": "was to extinguish all the communists.", "eyN2AScokpE-00283-00125312-00125724": "The Workers General Central and other articulations", "eyN2AScokpE-00284-00125727-00125994": "were shut down or disposed of,", "eyN2AScokpE-00285-00125997-00126227": "and their leaders, arrested.", "eyN2AScokpE-00286-00126230-00126766": "All of our five dictators had the same speech:", "eyN2AScokpE-00287-00126822-00127218": "to crush the social movements and the left-wing party", "eyN2AScokpE-00288-00127222-00127536": "align Brazil with the US", "eyN2AScokpE-00289-00127539-00127859": "and a major economy serving the greater capital.", "eyN2AScokpE-00290-00127939-00128122": "P.C.B. (THE BIG PARTY)", "eyN2AScokpE-00291-00128212-00128800": "I used to work in quarries, breaking stones, from the age of 8 until 16.", "eyN2AScokpE-00292-00128920-00129292": "In 1945, when I was about to", "eyN2AScokpE-00293-00129468-00129908": "the visit of Luis Carlos Prestes to Uberlândia was scheduled.", "eyN2AScokpE-00294-00130000-00130292": "There were many laborers in Uberlândia and it seemed to be somewhat original.", "eyN2AScokpE-00295-00130364-00130716": "That´s why the city was known as \"The Brazilian Little Moscow\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00296-00130800-00131172": "When the one Bishop in the surroundings knew that Prestes would be visiting", "eyN2AScokpE-00297-00131276-00131620": "Uberlândia, he went there and called all these influential people - Priests, catholic", "eyN2AScokpE-00298-00131708-00132108": "high-ups, the authorities - and decided that the Priests should go in procession", "eyN2AScokpE-00299-00132108-00132524": "in order to discourage the rally that would be organized by communists.", "eyN2AScokpE-00300-00132792-00133136": "And these were his words:", "eyN2AScokpE-00301-00133160-00133676": "casting out these demons and bringing this rally to an end\". In my case,", "eyN2AScokpE-00302-00133776-00134512": "instead of joining the procession, I attended the rally, independently.", "eyN2AScokpE-00303-00134512-00135048": "At the place where the rally took place, there were all kinds of people,", "eyN2AScokpE-00304-00135160-00135804": "mainly laborers. When Prestes appeared before us, I felt great empathy.", "eyN2AScokpE-00305-00135804-00136216": "I stared at him and thought to myself: \"is he really a child eater commie?", "eyN2AScokpE-00306-00136384-00136656": "Is he like that dangerous figure of whom people speak at the Church?", "eyN2AScokpE-00307-00136696-00137096": "He can not be that man, he looks like Jesus Christ\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00308-00137096-00137436": "In fact, he looked like the captive Jesus carrying his cross.", "eyN2AScokpE-00309-00137612-00137984": "When Prestes spoke to us,", "eyN2AScokpE-00310-00138020-00138284": "as if he was speaking to me.", "eyN2AScokpE-00311-00138400-00138800": "The others felt the same thing. Actually, everybody understood what he said.", "eyN2AScokpE-00312-00138908-00139308": "He spoke about the reality in which I lived. He spoke about my life.", "eyN2AScokpE-00313-00139528-00140048": "He knew how to describe things and how to show the way out.", "eyN2AScokpE-00314-00140136-00140904": "That´s how this rally turned me upside down.", "eyN2AScokpE-00315-00140904-00141780": "Since then, I not only voted Prestes for Senator in 1945, I finally understood", "eyN2AScokpE-00316-00141812-00142460": "that I was at the wrong Church. In fact, the churches preached the same thing.", "eyN2AScokpE-00317-00142516-00143348": "That´s how I became a communist, a socialist.", "eyN2AScokpE-00318-00143354-00143815": "BRAZIL'S COMMUNIST PARTY WAS FOUNDED IN 1922", "eyN2AScokpE-00319-00143984-00144479": "IN 1961, THE NAME IS CHANGED TO BRAZILIAN COMMUNIST PARTY", "eyN2AScokpE-00320-00144720-00145152": "I used to study History and I also had connections to PCB,", "eyN2AScokpE-00321-00145228-00145656": "though I didn´t agree with their political line.", "eyN2AScokpE-00322-00145656-00145888": "[ Psychologist ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00323-00145968-00146416": "Later on, I joined the splinter group from PC, there was the famous DI, and, after that,", "eyN2AScokpE-00324-00146416-00146876": "I got involved with the Revolutionary Movement 8th October (MR-8).", "eyN2AScokpE-00325-00146876-00147392": "However, I still didn´t fully agree with their political line.", "eyN2AScokpE-00326-00147492-00147856": "I began disagreeing with the Communist Party, with their pacific way,", "eyN2AScokpE-00327-00147996-00148396": "with the priority that was being given to the parliamentary position,", "eyN2AScokpE-00328-00148456-00148748": "and I distrusted the armed struggle too.", "eyN2AScokpE-00329-00148772-00149076": "wouldn´t lead us to a good end, I didn´t know a good way to go through.", "eyN2AScokpE-00330-00149220-00149668": "At the time of the Brazilian coup d'état", "eyN2AScokpE-00331-00149668-00149964": "It was a deeply disturbing event,", "eyN2AScokpE-00332-00149964-00150220": "[ Journalist ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00333-00150272-00150772": "Many people were arrested in the city. My father was under arrest.", "eyN2AScokpE-00334-00150772-00151112": "In 1965, I went to Belo Horizonte", "eyN2AScokpE-00335-00151112-00151444": "to study and to fight dictatorship.", "eyN2AScokpE-00336-00151716-00152208": "In short, that´s what prevailed during the 60s. To fight in order to succeed", "eyN2AScokpE-00337-00152208-00152884": "in bringing down dictatorship. The Resistance, even after the AI-5.", "eyN2AScokpE-00338-00152964-00153596": "I didn´t get involved with the armed struggle because we believed in another way.", "eyN2AScokpE-00339-00153596-00153944": "The struggle among laborers. I was affiliated with POLOP,", "eyN2AScokpE-00340-00153944-00154240": "a group dedicated to workers organization and Labor Policy.", "eyN2AScokpE-00341-00154364-00154896": "The POLOP defended the armed struggle, but not at that exact moment. It is so", "eyN2AScokpE-00342-00154896-00155276": "because the idea was that the working class would have to be perfectly organized first,", "eyN2AScokpE-00343-00155352-00155636": "once they thought the dictatorship was solid and that it would be", "eyN2AScokpE-00344-00155636-00156120": "impossible to bring it down militarily.", "eyN2AScokpE-00345-00156236-00156448": "I used to live in Teófilo Otoni, the city that Soriano is from.", "eyN2AScokpE-00346-00156644-00157056": "My friend, my brother comrade, now it goes.", "eyN2AScokpE-00347-00157056-00157324": "How are you doing? Good? This is the man.", "eyN2AScokpE-00348-00157444-00157772": "I was arrested as Vice president of UNE (National Students Union), in Ibiúna,", "eyN2AScokpE-00349-00157820-00158192": "encircled on all sides by the Military Police from São Paulo,", "eyN2AScokpE-00350-00158192-00158540": "and by the Civil Police that used to be called DOPS.", "eyN2AScokpE-00351-00158568-00158768": "[ Engineer ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00352-00158808-00159128": "We spent 2 years in prison. Either way, I was lucky", "eyN2AScokpE-00353-00159200-00159440": "because I´ve found so many friends, resisters, and one of them is you.", "eyN2AScokpE-00354-00159520-00160000": "- I remember when you went to testify and there were those three sergeants with us,", "eyN2AScokpE-00355-00160032-00160272": "who felt for you and said:", "eyN2AScokpE-00356-00160328-00160688": "\"just want to see whether you´re going to handcuff our comrade Edson\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00357-00160792-00161192": "Isn´t it enough three soldiers and a Doberman dog?", "eyN2AScokpE-00358-00161192-00161600": "Men armed with machine guns just to take you to the next block.", "eyN2AScokpE-00359-00161812-00162212": "- The Police came making that hellish noise", "eyN2AScokpE-00360-00162212-00162616": "and bringing a group of thirteen friends - tied and bloodstained.", "eyN2AScokpE-00361-00162700-00163096": "Then I started screaming: \"Surrender, Corisco! No, I wont surrender!", "eyN2AScokpE-00362-00163144-00163292": "I'm not a bird to live in a prison.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00363-00163356-00163648": "I only wanted to tell them that", "eyN2AScokpE-00364-00163704-00164072": "\"We were not birds and one day we would leave that place\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00365-00164072-00164472": "All of them said that it was like a balsam for their souls.", "eyN2AScokpE-00366-00164572-00164972": "They felt relieved: \"well, there is someone here. We're all in the same boat\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00367-00165551-00166021": "THE CITY, TEEMING WITH GEMS, WAS PLANNED AND SET UP", "eyN2AScokpE-00368-00166193-00166702": "IN STRAIGHT LINES, NO ALLEYS AND WINDING LINES FROM THE COURT", "eyN2AScokpE-00369-00167022-00167272": "WORDS OF TEÓFILO OTTONI, ITS FOUNDER,", "eyN2AScokpE-00370-00167275-00167596": "A HARSH CRITIC OF THE BRAZILIAN EMPIRE", "eyN2AScokpE-00371-00168059-00168320": "FRANCISCO'S ORIGIN", "eyN2AScokpE-00372-00168455-00168911": "What I most admire about my father is the respect...", "eyN2AScokpE-00373-00168999-00169175": "he´s always had for ideas in general.", "eyN2AScokpE-00374-00169211-00169411": "[ Francisco´s Sister ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00375-00169411-00169939": "When he married my mother, she belonged to a traditional Catholic family", "eyN2AScokpE-00376-00170047-00170515": "and he was Spiritist, despite his Catholic origins. However, they agreed", "eyN2AScokpE-00377-00170651-00171175": "no religious controversy between them.", "eyN2AScokpE-00378-00171243-00171595": "She used to say things like: \"knowledge is what nobody takes from you\",", "eyN2AScokpE-00379-00171595-00172015": "\"better lose the saddle than the horse\" etc.", "eyN2AScokpE-00380-00172063-00172463": "You spoke of our father when you mentioned the idea of religious tolerance.", "eyN2AScokpE-00381-00172643-00172963": "See that it may be related to the Enlightenment ideas.", "eyN2AScokpE-00382-00172963-00173367": "During the Age of Reason, the ideas of religious freedom and freethinking...", "eyN2AScokpE-00383-00173367-00173727": "inspired some rising Masonic ideals.", "eyN2AScokpE-00384-00173851-00174263": "- I remember my mother once saying: \"There are so many friends of Francisco...", "eyN2AScokpE-00385-00174363-00174667": "coming here to study. He is so studious\". This is about the meetings", "eyN2AScokpE-00386-00174703-00175107": "he used to organize in his room. But one day I suspected there was something more", "eyN2AScokpE-00387-00175107-00175823": "he was not exactly so devoted to studies.", "eyN2AScokpE-00388-00175823-00176347": "I was already married and living", "eyN2AScokpE-00389-00176379-00176679": "He was arrested at home. It was a shock for all of us.", "eyN2AScokpE-00390-00176731-00177007": "[ Francisco´s Brother in Law ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00391-00177035-00177607": "At the first light of day ,", "eyN2AScokpE-00392-00177935-00178335": "by soldiers carrying machine guns and commanded by a Captain or Major.", "eyN2AScokpE-00393-00178715-00179115": "Mr. Avelino, Francisco´s father, opened the door and, lamenting, received them", "eyN2AScokpE-00394-00179283-00179683": "and said: \"If I had armed myself, you would not have entered this house", "eyN2AScokpE-00395-00179875-00180387": "without a document issued", "eyN2AScokpE-00396-00180639-00181027": "As he had always been worried with regards to the social context,", "eyN2AScokpE-00397-00181027-00181327": "he would only speak about politics.", "eyN2AScokpE-00398-00181327-00181583": "[ Francisco´s wife ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00399-00181569-00182209": "By 1968, we had already decided to marry.", "eyN2AScokpE-00400-00182213-00182457": "Meanwhile, my brother in law tried to persuade my sister", "eyN2AScokpE-00401-00182577-00182921": "that I should not marry Francisco because he was a communist", "eyN2AScokpE-00402-00183001-00183269": "and this kind of people was considered dangerous to Brazil.", "eyN2AScokpE-00403-00183369-00183629": "When my sister came to speak with me, I just said:", "eyN2AScokpE-00404-00183765-00183981": "\"No", "eyN2AScokpE-00405-00183752-00183940": "You were somewhat aware of it,", "eyN2AScokpE-00406-00183943-00184147": "but didn't want to know too much, right?", "eyN2AScokpE-00407-00184150-00184470": "I knew it was something illegal,", "eyN2AScokpE-00408-00184473-00184933": "that the Government was watching the leftists closely.", "eyN2AScokpE-00409-00184937-00185286": "But I never thought Francisco would be arrested.", "eyN2AScokpE-00410-00185290-00185551": "It never crossed my mind.", "eyN2AScokpE-00411-00185555-00185898": "After his arrest, I felt the shock.", "eyN2AScokpE-00412-00185902-00186175": "That's when I knew it was the real deal.", "eyN2AScokpE-00413-00186179-00186577": "I was afraid of being arrested. We went to Paraíba, hidden.", "eyN2AScokpE-00414-00186581-00186941": "The two of us took a bus, keeping a low profile...", "eyN2AScokpE-00415-00187090-00187419": "CAMPINA GRANDE PARAÍBA STATE", "eyN2AScokpE-00416-00187477-00187797": "To me, having this gathering is a miracle,", "eyN2AScokpE-00417-00187801-00188055": "all of us, alive, now.", "eyN2AScokpE-00418-00188059-00188468": "After all, we were never arrested,", "eyN2AScokpE-00419-00188471-00188651": "but kidnapped.", "eyN2AScokpE-00420-00188793-00189293": "We were dragged from our homes, without any judicial warrants.", "eyN2AScokpE-00421-00189297-00189509": "I saw you in your cell,", "eyN2AScokpE-00422-00189513-00189847": "and remember being a moment of great concern,", "eyN2AScokpE-00423-00189851-00190318": "because your wife, Ivone, was pregnant with your baby.", "eyN2AScokpE-00424-00190322-00190575": "She was very distressed,", "eyN2AScokpE-00425-00190579-00190791": "and feared losing the baby.", "eyN2AScokpE-00426-00190794-00191254": "And you thought she had had a miscarriage.", "eyN2AScokpE-00427-00191258-00191613": "When you asked, I told you right away:", "eyN2AScokpE-00428-00191616-00191959": "\"Ivone is fine, she didn't lose the baby.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00429-00191962-00192318": "You were moved, and thanked me a lot.", "eyN2AScokpE-00430-00192352-00192727": "When he was first arrested, they also took me in.", "eyN2AScokpE-00431-00192794-00193270": "They kept me there from noon until 9 pm that night.", "eyN2AScokpE-00432-00193274-00193623": "I was pregnant, feeling very depressed,", "eyN2AScokpE-00433-00193626-00194012": "and Dr. Câmara insisted on me seeing an Army doctor.", "eyN2AScokpE-00434-00194015-00194258": "He kept insisting, as I refused, afraid.", "eyN2AScokpE-00435-00194261-00194463": "It was as if he was saying:", "eyN2AScokpE-00436-00194466-00194796": "\"Let's get rid of that little terrorist in your belly.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00437-00194800-00195229": "It's striking that nobody likes to bring up their past.", "eyN2AScokpE-00438-00195282-00195614": "The past is very important", "eyN2AScokpE-00439-00195617-00195944": "so that we can live the present and the future.", "eyN2AScokpE-00440-00195948-00196401": "The Military Era is seen as something of great shame.", "eyN2AScokpE-00441-00196405-00196740": "Everybody thinks is should be forgotten.", "eyN2AScokpE-00442-00196822-00197025": "Politicians go out of their ways", "eyN2AScokpE-00443-00197028-00197384": "to avoid lawsuits against the torturers.", "eyN2AScokpE-00444-00197436-00197905": "It is crucial to take on our past history.", "eyN2AScokpE-00445-00197963-00198245": "From our history,", "eyN2AScokpE-00446-00198315-00198843": "we can face and better our present and future.", "eyN2AScokpE-00447-00198877-00199366": "Those were very difficult times. Things haven't stopped since.", "eyN2AScokpE-00448-00199369-00199609": "I think it is extremely important", "eyN2AScokpE-00449-00199613-00199940": "to remember this part of Brazil's history.", "eyN2AScokpE-00450-00199943-00200195": "It's something so recent,", "eyN2AScokpE-00451-00200199-00200439": "so close to us, militants,", "eyN2AScokpE-00452-00200442-00200731": "but so distant from today's youth.", "eyN2AScokpE-00453-00200732-00200945": "They must know what happened.", "eyN2AScokpE-00454-00200948-00201174": "Repression was fierce.", "eyN2AScokpE-00455-00201177-00201480": "It took four men to kidnap me.", "eyN2AScokpE-00456-00201483-00201802": "At the time, our greatest fear,", "eyN2AScokpE-00457-00201805-00202057": "even knowing we were going to suffer,", "eyN2AScokpE-00458-00202061-00202518": "was actually that our families wouldn't know where we were.", "eyN2AScokpE-00459-00202521-00202869": "When José was kidnapped,", "eyN2AScokpE-00460-00202872-00203399": "the whole neighborhood gathered up at our house at night,", "eyN2AScokpE-00461-00203402-00203705": "demanding the mayor to show up.", "eyN2AScokpE-00462-00203708-00204106": "The people communicated with each other, took part,", "eyN2AScokpE-00463-00204109-00204248": "and vouched for it.", "eyN2AScokpE-00464-00204252-00204498": "What really saddened me", "eyN2AScokpE-00465-00204501-00204739": "was having snitch classmates.", "eyN2AScokpE-00466-00204742-00204928": "At the University", "eyN2AScokpE-00467-00204931-00205411": "we had classmates, Francisco's supporters,", "eyN2AScokpE-00468-00205415-00205854": "who would say: \"I'm in charge, no commies can join.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00469-00205858-00206088": "They'd really delate people.", "eyN2AScokpE-00470-00206092-00206435": "When we were released from jail,", "eyN2AScokpE-00471-00206671-00207076": "I went to City Hall and then, to the University,", "eyN2AScokpE-00472-00207076-00207516": "one of these old classmates said: \"Thank God you came back!\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00473-00207520-00207825": "I said: \"Funny you are thanking God.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00474-00207828-00208108": "\"This must be messing up your mind.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00475-00208111-00208569": "\"I mean, I loathe torturers.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00476-00208669-00209087": "\"Major Câmara and his followers...\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00477-00209091-00209460": "\"But they're paid to do it, it's their role!\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00478-00209464-00209670": "\"They were trained for it.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00479-00209674-00210013": "\"But you are worse then all of them!\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00480-00210040-00210208": "\"Yes, worse.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00481-00210212-00210842": "\"After all, you don't represent that institutionalized power.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00482-00210845-00211145": "\"You are a teacher, you should be solidary.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00483-00211148-00211315": "\"Show some respect,", "eyN2AScokpE-00484-00211319-00211535": "and don't thank God, for it's a lie.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00485-00211539-00212025": "Threatening school bomb phone calls were made.", "eyN2AScokpE-00486-00212028-00212341": "-Wow! -That happened a lot.", "eyN2AScokpE-00487-00212345-00212542": "Secretaries were frightened,", "eyN2AScokpE-00488-00212542-00212946": "it was a very difficult time to us all, to our families.", "eyN2AScokpE-00489-00212949-00213224": "We will never forget it,", "eyN2AScokpE-00490-00213228-00213457": "and this is something I always say:", "eyN2AScokpE-00491-00213460-00213789": "\"Even with all the hardship and the suffering,", "eyN2AScokpE-00492-00213789-00214038": "I don't regret a single thing I did.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00493-00214041-00214409": "I just regret not being as experienced as I am today.", "eyN2AScokpE-00494-00214413-00214662": "I'd take better, more planned actions,", "eyN2AScokpE-00495-00214665-00214917": "with more enthusiasm and drive.", "eyN2AScokpE-00496-00215000-00215256": "HOMAGE TO JOSÉ MILTON BARBOSA", "eyN2AScokpE-00497-00215256-00215880": "We used to go for a walk with José Milton Barbosa and Linda Tayah,", "eyN2AScokpE-00498-00215880-00216220": "to whom Francisco pay homage.", "eyN2AScokpE-00499-00216280-00216588": "They were lovers and she was deeply involved. I did´t get into those things", "eyN2AScokpE-00500-00216700-00217112": "so deeply, though I´d let people", "eyN2AScokpE-00501-00217112-00217684": "@@@@", "eyN2AScokpE-00502-00217805-00218225": "I met Zé Milton when he was attending a course on Brazilian Realities", "eyN2AScokpE-00503-00218273-00218653": "at the Faculty of Economics of UFRJ", "eyN2AScokpE-00504-00218741-00219061": "He trusted me at that time I was his girlfriend, and that´s why he opened his", "eyN2AScokpE-00505-00219141-00219609": "heart to me in spite of my doubt", "eyN2AScokpE-00506-00219609-00219729": "[ Psychologist ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00507-00219789-00220049": "because he was too politicized.", "eyN2AScokpE-00508-00220049-00220865": "on the military´s side would never be so politicized as he used to be.", "eyN2AScokpE-00509-00220965-00221137": "I joined ALN directly.", "eyN2AScokpE-00510-00221285-00221521": "I didn´t get involved with the other preceding parties", "eyN2AScokpE-00511-00221709-00222109": "and I knew José Milton had already joined the PCB, PCBR", "eyN2AScokpE-00512-00222193-00222537": "and, later on, the ALN.", "eyN2AScokpE-00513-00222661-00223061": "Zé Milton and I were fellow members of PCBR", "eyN2AScokpE-00514-00223093-00223433": "but we grew impatient as time went by,", "eyN2AScokpE-00515-00223433-00223825": "because we felt PCBR was being too bureaucratic and PCB, too heavy.", "eyN2AScokpE-00516-00223901-00224237": "Zé Milton had one thing clear in his mind:", "eyN2AScokpE-00517-00224261-00224921": "he believed that a rural guerilla would shake the dictatorial regime.", "eyN2AScokpE-00518-00225005-00225349": "There would have been no way to defeat us in the rural areas...", "eyN2AScokpE-00519-00225349-00225621": "whereas in the city we were already an easy target.", "eyN2AScokpE-00520-00225621-00226021": "He was a real hero. I owe him my life.", "eyN2AScokpE-00521-00226061-00226349": "Under arrest, when we were supposed to be together we were not...", "eyN2AScokpE-00522-00226381-00226681": "He was killed when we were being sent to prison.", "eyN2AScokpE-00523-00226709-00226985": "However, I was arrested on the same day.", "eyN2AScokpE-00524-00227029-00227505": "They shot at Zé Milton. He had", "eyN2AScokpE-00525-00227505-00227901": "but he failed when he tried to use it...", "eyN2AScokpE-00526-00227901-00228269": "and he was shot.", "eyN2AScokpE-00527-00228269-00228493": "It seems that he died of three gunshot wounds to his chest.", "eyN2AScokpE-00528-00228589-00228809": "I was shot too though...", "eyN2AScokpE-00529-00228953-00229105": "- do you have a gunshot scar? -", "eyN2AScokpE-00530-00229169-00229249": "Yes, I have.", "eyN2AScokpE-00531-00229337-00229701": "It´s here, on the left side of my head.", "eyN2AScokpE-00532-00229789-00230049": "I fainted and... when I recovered consciousness", "eyN2AScokpE-00533-00230097-00230301": "he was already dead, lying his", "eyN2AScokpE-00534-00230301-00230749": "I put his head back to the car seat and when I saw his eyes were half-opened...", "eyN2AScokpE-00535-00230841-00231269": "I thought he was still alive... but there was blood draining out of his nose.", "eyN2AScokpE-00536-00231269-00231737": "I had been calling for him over and over until I fainted again. I woke up at OBAN.", "eyN2AScokpE-00537-00231813-00232145": "In December I found out I was pregnant,", "eyN2AScokpE-00538-00232313-00232909": "that my son would be a boy", "eyN2AScokpE-00539-00232989-00233393": "and he was named José Milton,", "eyN2AScokpE-00540-00233549-00233877": "It makes me think of the birth of Anita Prestes in prison.", "eyN2AScokpE-00541-00233877-00234505": "Your story, fruit of a love that survived torture,", "eyN2AScokpE-00542-00234601-00234913": "death, the house of death where we had been.", "eyN2AScokpE-00543-00235045-00235509": "- I was only told of what had happened when I was around 14-15 years old.", "eyN2AScokpE-00544-00235613-00235833": "My impression is that he was a good person,", "eyN2AScokpE-00545-00235901-00236101": "a courageous man who knew how to fight for his ideals", "eyN2AScokpE-00546-00236209-00236409": "[ Systems Analyst ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00547-00236409-00236757": "and not only this, for he would fight for the others. I´m proud of him.", "eyN2AScokpE-00548-00236889-00237349": "Everything that happened, not only to my father, but also to my mother...", "eyN2AScokpE-00549-00237385-00237613": "He died trying to protect her,", "eyN2AScokpE-00550-00237693-00237961": "even though he did not know she was pregnant.", "eyN2AScokpE-00551-00238105-00238237": "His body has never been found,", "eyN2AScokpE-00552-00238401-00238537": "it has never been identified.", "eyN2AScokpE-00553-00238537-00238809": "- At that period I was still", "eyN2AScokpE-00554-00238837-00239245": "they told me that his remains were in Perus, but they were never found. They had", "eyN2AScokpE-00555-00239293-00239721": "transferred other´s remains to Perus, and they were never recognized as being his.", "eyN2AScokpE-00556-00239837-00240061": "- One of the last things he said:", "eyN2AScokpE-00557-00240085-00240445": "\"When I need to move from one place to another, when I´m in a hurry,", "eyN2AScokpE-00558-00240445-00240857": "the first thing that I take with me, among the few the things that I have,", "eyN2AScokpE-00559-00240857-00241025": "is my chessboard, chess pieces and a book by Smyslov\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00560-00241057-00241325": "I gave him a book by Smyslov.", "eyN2AScokpE-00561-00241485-00241665": "I did not even know the chess", "eyN2AScokpE-00562-00241785-00241937": "Actually, I´ve always enjoyed playing chess.", "eyN2AScokpE-00563-00242113-00242341": "Rubaiyat used to speak of poetry and wine.", "eyN2AScokpE-00564-00242521-00242841": "I prefer speaking of music and chess.", "eyN2AScokpE-00565-00242885-00243285": "Here in my house everybody has a chessboard and one´s own chess pieces.", "eyN2AScokpE-00566-00243445-00243845": "I´ve also learned how to play it, but I´m not a very good player.", "eyN2AScokpE-00567-00244049-00244449": "It has everything to do with the Art of War, the continuity of Politics.", "eyN2AScokpE-00568-00244449-00244825": "This piece here is a king.", "eyN2AScokpE-00569-00244997-00245397": "Here it is the Queen, here it is the King.", "eyN2AScokpE-00570-00245397-00245965": "There are tactics, strategies and even psychological factors in chess playing.", "eyN2AScokpE-00571-00246137-00246401": "Everybody is going to play seriously against you", "eyN2AScokpE-00572-00246481-00246729": "if you were known as a strong player.", "eyN2AScokpE-00573-00246753-00247045": "But if you´re not known, surprise is a factor. Thus, it is different when", "eyN2AScokpE-00574-00247125-00247569": "when you go to prison and they know who you are, with whom you´re connected.", "eyN2AScokpE-00575-00247613-00247809": "That´s why we need to comprehend", "eyN2AScokpE-00576-00247809-00247925": "those who revealed secrets.", "eyN2AScokpE-00577-00247925-00248201": "It is terrible when they know that we know.", "eyN2AScokpE-00578-00248245-00248401": "[ Economist ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00579-00248433-00248773": "the runaround when they do not", "eyN2AScokpE-00580-00248773-00249029": "It´s the same thing when you´re going to play in a chess tournament,", "eyN2AScokpE-00581-00249097-00249313": "when your opponent do not know", "eyN2AScokpE-00582-00249313-00249733": "whether you are a champion. Then you start playing with a stupid face and...", "eyN2AScokpE-00583-00249861-00250485": "How many times didn´t they think", "eyN2AScokpE-00584-00250485-00250913": "That´s what I did with them at that time.", "eyN2AScokpE-00585-00250981-00251337": "I have respect for every and each professional and its category.", "eyN2AScokpE-00586-00251337-00251481": "Military men have their own role,", "eyN2AScokpE-00587-00251549-00251797": "and also the Anarchists etc. We need everyone, every role.", "eyN2AScokpE-00588-00251837-00252237": "The Military Art speak of the surprise factor,", "eyN2AScokpE-00589-00252317-00252721": "that you should know your enemy very well,", "eyN2AScokpE-00590-00252781-00252917": "that you need to be trained,", "eyN2AScokpE-00591-00252961-00253305": "that you must be skilled.", "eyN2AScokpE-00592-00253305-00253589": "I think our Left-wing organizations did not prepare very well their schemes,", "eyN2AScokpE-00593-00253629-00253881": "mainly when it comes to a bigger battle such the armed struggle.", "eyN2AScokpE-00594-00254107-00254275": "ALMOST 40 YEARS LATER,", "eyN2AScokpE-00595-00254279-00254570": "FRANCISCO SORIANO AND THE LAWYER MODESTO DA SILVEIRA,", "eyN2AScokpE-00596-00254640-00255210": "GATHER SURVIVORS JARBAS, JEAN MARC RODRIGO AND SEBASTIÃO", "eyN2AScokpE-00597-00255340-00255780": "AT THE COMMUNITY SOCCER CENTER OF SONGWRITER CHICO BUARQUE", "eyN2AScokpE-00598-00255982-00256158": "Is your left side any good?", "eyN2AScokpE-00599-00256158-00256338": "I am two-handed.", "eyN2AScokpE-00600-00256338-00256554": "We´d rather you use your left.", "eyN2AScokpE-00601-00256554-00256922": "Chico, you´re a man that experienced all those years of dictatorship.", "eyN2AScokpE-00602-00257106-00257418": "You were a witness and a victim.", "eyN2AScokpE-00603-00257518-00257814": "We´ve always felt in your songs, in your work, a prudent language,", "eyN2AScokpE-00604-00257982-00258382": "somewhat discrete, skillful, almost hermetic.", "eyN2AScokpE-00605-00258466-00258774": "Well, those who worked with music, movies, theater,", "eyN2AScokpE-00606-00258774-00259374": "television etc had to deal with censorship.", "eyN2AScokpE-00607-00259374-00259634": "[ Songwriter ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00608-00259726-00260526": "and it would certainly interfere with", "eyN2AScokpE-00609-00260854-00261282": "In this way, one would have to use artifices and tricks", "eyN2AScokpE-00610-00261382-00261782": "in order to do better than censorship, using metaphors etc. That´s how you´ve said,", "eyN2AScokpE-00611-00261826-00262230": "a certain kind of language that", "eyN2AScokpE-00612-00262342-00262742": "There are certain things I wrote that even I have difficulties...", "eyN2AScokpE-00613-00262926-00263190": "understanding what I had been trying to say behind the scenes.", "eyN2AScokpE-00614-00263190-00263526": "We were almost obliged to speak in code.", "eyN2AScokpE-00615-00263562-00264034": "As you are my namesake, I added a footnote to the end of this book", "eyN2AScokpE-00616-00264034-00264358": "in which the song \"Vai Passar\" is transcribed in full,", "eyN2AScokpE-00617-00264498-00264858": "especially that verse in which you say that", "eyN2AScokpE-00618-00264950-00265350": "\"our mother land (...) was in the underground of shadowy transactions\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00619-00265498-00265898": "When it comes to MPB, in this great match you were the chief Striker.", "eyN2AScokpE-00620-00266006-00266158": "More like a Midfield player, maybe.", "eyN2AScokpE-00621-00266919-00267427": "BRAZIL'S NAVY BASE USED AS A PRISON FACILITY DURING THE DICTATORSHIP", "eyN2AScokpE-00622-00267543-00267943": "I assumed a mission, as if it was part of the oath,", "eyN2AScokpE-00623-00267943-00268371": "a pact with many comrades who died and", "eyN2AScokpE-00624-00268443-00268803": "among them, José Milton Barbosa, to whom I pay homage in this book.", "eyN2AScokpE-00625-00268831-00269243": "We sweared that we survivors would tell the story, that is a history", "eyN2AScokpE-00626-00269243-00269603": "of the resistance to tyranny, specifically against the 1964 Military dictatorship.", "eyN2AScokpE-00627-00269603-00270083": "There was also a moment of glory during that time we were in prison...", "eyN2AScokpE-00628-00270083-00270319": "and here we are, the survivors from the Island of Flowers.", "eyN2AScokpE-00629-00270515-00270831": "What is the importance of these events in your life, mainly those of the 60s and 70s...", "eyN2AScokpE-00630-00270899-00271055": "Sebastião Medeiros?", "eyN2AScokpE-00631-00271119-00271727": "A very difficult period, particularly because we were very young, around the age", "eyN2AScokpE-00632-00271823-00272307": "of 17-18 years old. We did not have the experience to enter the fight right away,", "eyN2AScokpE-00633-00272451-00272711": "as we intended to do.", "eyN2AScokpE-00634-00272803-00273003": "[ Bookseller ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00635-00273003-00273303": "In this manner we made some mistakes,", "eyN2AScokpE-00636-00273303-00273735": "but we were imbued with the idea of justice.", "eyN2AScokpE-00637-00273867-00274203": "Contradictions were so tough", "eyN2AScokpE-00638-00274203-00274655": "that it was indeed a good moment", "eyN2AScokpE-00639-00274655-00274879": "to fight against Imperialism.", "eyN2AScokpE-00640-00275031-00275487": "Only one directress of the National Students Union was not imprisoned.", "eyN2AScokpE-00641-00275527-00275927": "Nine people among ten were imprisoned. Five of these nine were either killed", "eyN2AScokpE-00642-00275971-00276323": "or disappeared. That´s the directorship of the massacre. It is really painful.", "eyN2AScokpE-00643-00276511-00276871": "Now one may look through the history of the students movement during that", "eyN2AScokpE-00644-00276871-00277115": "period and may think:", "eyN2AScokpE-00645-00277115-00277375": "In fact, I think we prevented the", "eyN2AScokpE-00646-00277375-00277747": "We did not have the expected success,", "eyN2AScokpE-00647-00277815-00277967": "[ Economist ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00648-00278003-00278187": "the free University Education", "eyN2AScokpE-00649-00278187-00278443": "for those who desire and are capable of undergoing Higher Education in Brazil.", "eyN2AScokpE-00650-00278535-00279043": "We fought for it, but we didn´t attain such success. However, we prevented the", "eyN2AScokpE-00651-00279159-00279439": "privatization of the Federal University from moving forward as the Military intended.", "eyN2AScokpE-00652-00279439-00279819": "The increase in the number of vacancies offered by public universities", "eyN2AScokpE-00653-00279819-00280107": "was a success. Our fight for the continuity of the Brazilian University was a success.", "eyN2AScokpE-00654-00280131-00280407": "These were the victories we won.", "eyN2AScokpE-00655-00280447-00280719": "The plan of the Military Regime", "eyN2AScokpE-00656-00280759-00280975": "The plan was to bring an end to the public University and academic research.", "eyN2AScokpE-00657-00281079-00281471": "We lost the war. We lost the essential of what we fought for,", "eyN2AScokpE-00658-00281619-00282019": "because we fought for a Social Revolution,", "eyN2AScokpE-00659-00282019-00282359": "a revolution that never took place.", "eyN2AScokpE-00660-00282423-00282795": "We had some help, even though beneath our expectations,", "eyN2AScokpE-00661-00282839-00283155": "but the fight for democracy was", "eyN2AScokpE-00662-00283191-00283479": "A hard-won conquest, and we all have won.", "eyN2AScokpE-00663-00283559-00283851": "Actually, I think we were militarily defeated.", "eyN2AScokpE-00664-00283927-00284055": "[ jornalist ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00665-00284095-00284483": "Either way, the screams of the tortured and", "eyN2AScokpE-00666-00284483-00284919": "our dead and disappeared friends made way for the current democracy.", "eyN2AScokpE-00667-00285079-00285448": "Sebastião had a mason father.", "eyN2AScokpE-00668-00285657-00286066": "It was through masonry that you were located", "eyN2AScokpE-00669-00286070-00286315": "and your dad could reach you.", "eyN2AScokpE-00670-00286318-00286660": "That day, no visitors were allowed at Ilha das Flores.", "eyN2AScokpE-00671-00286663-00286943": "We were halted as soon as we got there.", "eyN2AScokpE-00672-00286947-00287179": "But through his masonry contacts,", "eyN2AScokpE-00673-00287183-00287443": "he arranged a short, 10-minute visit.", "eyN2AScokpE-00674-00287447-00287796": "He spoke to me and to Marcos, my brother,", "eyN2AScokpE-00675-00287800-00288264": "and, in a flash, he was gone. But at least he made it.", "eyN2AScokpE-00676-00288263-00288819": "There was a Military officer who became famous for interconnecting", "eyN2AScokpE-00677-00288891-00289359": "the male and female wards. He used to take messages from one side to the other.", "eyN2AScokpE-00678-00289515-00289811": "One day he lost a message near", "eyN2AScokpE-00679-00290095-00290495": "a message written by Solange - the woman from Bahia - and sent to me.", "eyN2AScokpE-00680-00290607-00291007": "One of the prison guards took the message to the Commander", "eyN2AScokpE-00681-00291199-00291567": "and we were immediately held in solitary confinement.", "eyN2AScokpE-00682-00291567-00291999": "Then he began questioning me about the letter, whether I had received that letter etc.", "eyN2AScokpE-00683-00292075-00292351": "I said I had received no letter.", "eyN2AScokpE-00684-00292487-00292939": "for 1 1/2 month. At that time they could", "eyN2AScokpE-00685-00293251-00293587": "Late at night, the guy knocked my door", "eyN2AScokpE-00686-00293615-00293851": "- and I used to read till late.", "eyN2AScokpE-00687-00293903-00294239": "He approached the window and said:", "eyN2AScokpE-00688-00294271-00294587": "\"I can´t understand why you", "eyN2AScokpE-00689-00294639-00295067": "and I said: \"I would never turn you in. After all, you showed solidarity with us.", "eyN2AScokpE-00690-00295067-00295359": "How could we turn you in?\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00691-00295419-00295779": "He continued: \"But I am on your enemy´s side, I´m the jail keeper\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00692-00295847-00296191": "And I replied: \"That´s not true. You´re just doing your job.", "eyN2AScokpE-00693-00296243-00296735": "You appeared to be extremely solidary\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00694-00296791-00297191": "and suddenly he asked:", "eyN2AScokpE-00695-00297435-00297851": "A great number of military men, maybe thousands of them, also suffered in prison.", "eyN2AScokpE-00696-00298059-00298551": "They were either patriots or legalists, nationalists etc,", "eyN2AScokpE-00697-00298795-00299195": "from soldiers to General Officers,", "eyN2AScokpE-00698-00299251-00299651": "living by their ideals they were persecuted too -", "eyN2AScokpE-00699-00299775-00300131": "may justice be done.", "eyN2AScokpE-00700-00300343-00300739": "In 1969, at the time of the World Cup qualification match against Paraguay,", "eyN2AScokpE-00701-00300843-00301247": "Luis and I were being tortured.", "eyN2AScokpE-00702-00301343-00301911": "The torturer looked at his record, he saw Luis was from Ceará, and said:", "eyN2AScokpE-00703-00302075-00302419": "\"You´re my homey, so I´m gonna", "eyN2AScokpE-00704-00302451-00302763": "Once the game is finished I´ll be back\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00705-00303031-00303547": "When things were less complicated", "eyN2AScokpE-00706-00303547-00303951": "more freedom within the prison,", "eyN2AScokpE-00707-00304003-00304231": "[ Lawyer ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00708-00304231-00304731": "one of my clients, Dr. Irum Sant´anna, was so excited about a course in Bangu that,", "eyN2AScokpE-00709-00304779-00305179": "on a Friday when I gave him", "eyN2AScokpE-00710-00305311-00305639": "he said: \"(...) but I have to finish", "eyN2AScokpE-00711-00305687-00306043": "Please, bring it back on next Monday.", "eyN2AScokpE-00712-00306103-00306403": "I won´t leave this place without completing this course!\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00713-00306501-00306878": "I read \"One Hundred Years of Solitude\" at Ilha das Flores", "eyN2AScokpE-00714-00306881-00307149": "when they stuck me in the solitary,", "eyN2AScokpE-00715-00307152-00307379": "which was the longest period", "eyN2AScokpE-00716-00307382-00307670": "in the many solitaries I was sent to.", "eyN2AScokpE-00717-00307673-00307880": "It was a 10 by 6-feet cell.", "eyN2AScokpE-00718-00307880-00308195": "On that occasion, they kept me there for 40 days.", "eyN2AScokpE-00719-00308198-00308619": "It was a cell by the end of the hallway.", "eyN2AScokpE-00720-00308622-00308883": "Between the last cell and the bathroom,", "eyN2AScokpE-00721-00308886-00309218": "there was a place known as \"the luggage hole\",", "eyN2AScokpE-00722-00309221-00309439": "completely enclosed at dark.", "eyN2AScokpE-00723-00309442-00309854": "At sunset, our cell hallway was directly illuminated.", "eyN2AScokpE-00724-00310113-00310585": "Small beams of light would shine through the door.", "eyN2AScokpE-00725-00310588-00310924": "The inmates sent me, sheet by sheet,", "eyN2AScokpE-00726-00310928-00311191": "the book, under the door.", "eyN2AScokpE-00727-00311195-00311438": "I had to read it by standing up,", "eyN2AScokpE-00728-00311441-00311711": "scrolling it on the light beam,", "eyN2AScokpE-00729-00311715-00312006": "page by page, during those 40 days.", "eyN2AScokpE-00730-00312006-00312377": "A long time later, I met García Márquez, the author,", "eyN2AScokpE-00731-00312380-00312613": "and told him my story.", "eyN2AScokpE-00732-00312617-00313032": "He said: \"Listen, if you don't write about this, I will!\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00733-00313029-00313489": "There is no greater nearness than to live in the same jail cell.", "eyN2AScokpE-00734-00313605-00313921": "I shared the prison cell with Soriano", "eyN2AScokpE-00735-00313921-00314097": "[ Theater Producer ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00736-00314097-00314361": "and he turned into an intimate friend, a brother.", "eyN2AScokpE-00737-00314581-00314981": "I thank you for this memorable day in which I share my testimony", "eyN2AScokpE-00738-00315041-00315497": "as I clarify my ideas", "eyN2AScokpE-00739-00315497-00315653": "with these brilliant comrades.", "eyN2AScokpE-00740-00318368-00318588": "[ A.L.N - National Liberation Association ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00741-00318708-00319108": "The ALN has its origin in", "eyN2AScokpE-00742-00319240-00319640": "The Government of Cuba used to discuss matters concerning the survival", "eyN2AScokpE-00743-00319640-00320056": "of its political ideal that was being established.", "eyN2AScokpE-00744-00320140-00320488": "Here in Brazil, Marighella was already a member of the PCB,", "eyN2AScokpE-00745-00320488-00320996": "and he was kind of a militant leftist,", "eyN2AScokpE-00746-00321072-00321296": "so that he represented the party at the Congress of Ollas.", "eyN2AScokpE-00747-00321296-00321516": "[ Librarian ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00748-00321632-00321944": "They decided that centers of resistance had to rise up,", "eyN2AScokpE-00749-00322076-00322400": "guerilla centers in Latin America.", "eyN2AScokpE-00750-00322400-00322752": "He used to think the members of the party had an addictive habit...", "eyN2AScokpE-00751-00322804-00322916": "of avoiding armed struggle.", "eyN2AScokpE-00752-00323012-00323420": "For that reason, he´d rather deal with people outside the party,", "eyN2AScokpE-00753-00323568-00323776": "so he could teach them how to carry out the armed actions.", "eyN2AScokpE-00754-00323876-00324656": "This is quite different from the usual idea of leftist organization", "eyN2AScokpE-00755-00324716-00325172": "which used to waste a lot of time with theoretical masturbation.", "eyN2AScokpE-00756-00325360-00325884": "The great quality of that movement was the thought, the work and the fight for", "eyN2AScokpE-00757-00325964-00326332": "social equality. As time went by, those slight differences of thought", "eyN2AScokpE-00758-00326412-00326596": "increased in such a proportion...", "eyN2AScokpE-00759-00326628-00326948": "that it should never have existed.", "eyN2AScokpE-00760-00326948-00327748": "Apart from Marighella´s technical leadership, we may also see that", "eyN2AScokpE-00761-00327988-00328388": "he had a great affection for people, and people had a great affection for him.", "eyN2AScokpE-00762-00328672-00329072": "He was a learned man and many things were in his hands.", "eyN2AScokpE-00763-00329184-00329584": "We´ve lost a leader, almost a father.", "eyN2AScokpE-00764-00329740-00330096": "It was a period of orphanhood.", "eyN2AScokpE-00765-00330300-00330756": "two moments of orphanhood:", "eyN2AScokpE-00766-00330964-00331364": "We had to finish all the process", "eyN2AScokpE-00767-00331584-00332024": "but there was Toledo,", "eyN2AScokpE-00768-00332136-00332624": "Shortly before the death of Marighella,", "eyN2AScokpE-00769-00332812-00333260": "the A.L.N. had had great influence on the Left-wing politics", "eyN2AScokpE-00770-00333260-00333572": "due to its impressive action in", "eyN2AScokpE-00771-00333572-00333908": "to kidnap Elbrick, the American ambassador,", "eyN2AScokpE-00772-00334012-00334128": "in September 1969.", "eyN2AScokpE-00773-00334188-00334544": "On that occasion, I was in touch with the people responsible for the kidnapping,", "eyN2AScokpE-00774-00334684-00334972": "mainly with Carlos Alberto Muniz", "eyN2AScokpE-00775-00335064-00335348": "and Franklin Martins.", "eyN2AScokpE-00776-00335348-00335652": "José Roberto Spliegner had stayed at my house for some time", "eyN2AScokpE-00777-00335652-00336048": "and left a little while before Gabeira, dying in São Paulo later on. During that period,", "eyN2AScokpE-00778-00336172-00336652": "there had been an anonymous accusation against me and my husband.", "eyN2AScokpE-00779-00336652-00336988": "We were under arrest but we thought there were no counts on their files.", "eyN2AScokpE-00780-00337040-00337308": "[ Psichologist ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00781-00337340-00337688": "We were tranquilly taken to DOPS.", "eyN2AScokpE-00782-00337784-00338352": "However, we had no idea they would find a document related to security matters.", "eyN2AScokpE-00783-00338456-00338736": "That´s the irony of fate.", "eyN2AScokpE-00784-00338784-00339132": "Two days later we were taken to DOI-CODI,", "eyN2AScokpE-00785-00339248-00339672": "and that´s when things got still worse. We were covered with a hood,", "eyN2AScokpE-00786-00339868-00340392": "and the first thing we had to do was to take off our clothes, mainly women.", "eyN2AScokpE-00787-00340392-00340984": "There was a sexual torture, and also the torture of seeing my husband under torture.", "eyN2AScokpE-00788-00341136-00341536": "Things that for a long time I haven´t", "eyN2AScokpE-00789-00341636-00342036": "Truthfully, our power of speech is like a fight weapon. May there not be", "eyN2AScokpE-00790-00342076-00342560": "any misunderstanding such as that I am either a victim or a self-promoter.", "eyN2AScokpE-00791-00342560-00343116": "It is a struggle, indeed. One of the most dreadful things in the world is torture,", "eyN2AScokpE-00792-00343140-00343640": "so much so that our struggle is an ethic one, beyond and against any kind", "eyN2AScokpE-00793-00343672-00343956": "of torture. There is no justification for torture. Not even a poisonous animal", "eyN2AScokpE-00794-00344032-00344356": "should be tortured, there is no reason.", "eyN2AScokpE-00795-00344356-00344736": "Much less reason there will be when it comes to human beings.", "eyN2AScokpE-00796-00344736-00345048": "Torture is restricted to the poor. It´s neither meant for the middle-class nor for the elite.", "eyN2AScokpE-00797-00345144-00345384": "I think there has to be a need for speaking", "eyN2AScokpE-00798-00345444-00345676": "of those things we felt deeply and personally under torture.", "eyN2AScokpE-00799-00345704-00345900": "We have power of speech, we are visible,", "eyN2AScokpE-00800-00345900-00346136": "but poverty has never had power of speech, it has never been noticeable.", "eyN2AScokpE-00801-00346136-00346512": "Poverty has always been ignored", "eyN2AScokpE-00802-00346512-00346752": "That´s when feel like not being human and", "eyN2AScokpE-00803-00346752-00346988": "the other sees you as a non-human.", "eyN2AScokpE-00804-00347020-00347176": "That´s what I deeply felt when I was being tortured.", "eyN2AScokpE-00805-00347338-00347651": "UNREASON", "eyN2AScokpE-00806-00347592-00348196": "It is said that once there had been an ecumenical meeting in Recife,", "eyN2AScokpE-00807-00348228-00348728": "at Princesa Isabel theater,", "eyN2AScokpE-00808-00348792-00348992": "[ Lutheran Priest ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00809-00349056-00349456": "the social revolution that would take place.", "eyN2AScokpE-00810-00349536-00349936": "Actually, there really was a reunion and censorship was already in operation.", "eyN2AScokpE-00811-00350088-00350488": "That´s when those who would", "eyN2AScokpE-00812-00350628-00351028": "should submit their words", "eyN2AScokpE-00813-00351172-00351572": "A Methodist priest submitted his speech and began addressing the audience.", "eyN2AScokpE-00814-00351676-00352124": "Shortly after, he stopped speaking and improvised another speech.", "eyN2AScokpE-00815-00352176-00352724": "\"Thus spoke Isaiah: Woe to those who add house to house and join field to field,", "eyN2AScokpE-00816-00352836-00353244": "until there is no more room, so that you have to live alone in the midst of the land!", "eyN2AScokpE-00817-00353412-00353812": "Thus spoke James! Behold, the wages of the laborers who mowed your fields,", "eyN2AScokpE-00818-00353924-00354496": "which you have kept back by fraud, cry out, and the cries of those who reaped", "eyN2AScokpE-00819-00354848-00355528": "have entered into the ears of the Lord of Armies! And thus spoke Amos (...)\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00820-00355644-00356332": "He continued quoting the prophecies from the Bible and, after he´s finished,", "eyN2AScokpE-00821-00356460-00356892": "a military man called him and said: \"Reverend, you are under arrest", "eyN2AScokpE-00822-00356992-00357584": "till you give us the address of those men called Isaiah, James and Amos\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00823-00357664-00358048": "We want their addresses.", "eyN2AScokpE-00824-00358264-00358636": "Such events reveal the stupidity of the censor.", "eyN2AScokpE-00825-00358696-00359288": "These were demonic characters: The censor, the stoolie, the torturer etc", "eyN2AScokpE-00826-00359400-00359932": "in the worst sense of the word demonic!", "eyN2AScokpE-00827-00360004-00360496": "Words such as \"demo\" and \"diabolical\" have their roots in Greek,", "eyN2AScokpE-00828-00360540-00360888": "and have meanings such as \"all that divide, separate, diverge etc\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00829-00347338-00347651": "UNREASON", "eyN2AScokpE-00830-00360961-00361305": "Back then, Pernambuco's bishop was Dom Helder Câmara.", "eyN2AScokpE-00831-00361309-00361781": "I had already defended him and other people in Pernambuco.", "eyN2AScokpE-00832-00361954-00362368": "On that occasion, a catholic leadership couple came to Rio.", "eyN2AScokpE-00833-00362371-00362851": "The National Bishop Conference got them a job over here,", "eyN2AScokpE-00834-00362855-00363026": "discreetly.", "eyN2AScokpE-00835-00363052-00363585": "Internal Defenses from Pernambuco tracked them down here,", "eyN2AScokpE-00836-00363588-00363791": "and sent them to Rio.", "eyN2AScokpE-00837-00363845-00364345": "I was only able to set them free two or three months later.", "eyN2AScokpE-00838-00364348-00364560": "They had nothing on them.", "eyN2AScokpE-00839-00364563-00365023": "They were just a New Church progressive Catholics,", "eyN2AScokpE-00840-00365027-00365400": "with maybe a small tendency to support popular action.", "eyN2AScokpE-00841-00365403-00365547": "Yes, they preached.", "eyN2AScokpE-00842-00365550-00365876": "They preached about their views on humanism,", "eyN2AScokpE-00843-00365880-00366431": "the Bible, Christ, brotherhood, equality.", "eyN2AScokpE-00844-00366434-00366615": "Right? Well, then...", "eyN2AScokpE-00845-00366619-00367060": "After being released, she came to my office, by herself.", "eyN2AScokpE-00846-00367064-00367458": "She said: \"Help me, Dr. Modesto.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00847-00367462-00367920": "\"While in jail, I was tortured in front of my husband.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00848-00367923-00368260": "\"They had us facing each other.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00849-00368264-00368636": "\"They were so mad that we didn't say anything", "eyN2AScokpE-00850-00368639-00369054": "that they took him away and raped me, one after the other!\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00851-00369192-00369439": "\"I passed out on the second man,", "eyN2AScokpE-00852-00369442-00369842": "but I  saw the face of the first one and a bit of the second.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00853-00369845-00370262": "\"Now, I'm pregnant. What should I do?\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00854-00370266-00370691": "\"Of course I, like everybody else, am against abortion,", "eyN2AScokpE-00855-00370694-00371144": "but I find it, in this case, completely justifiable,", "eyN2AScokpE-00856-00371148-00371420": "and maybe even warrantable.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00857-00371423-00371736": "\"However, I know you are a devout catholic,", "eyN2AScokpE-00858-00371739-00372108": "and have serious religious doctrine issues with that...\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00859-00372108-00372395": "-\"Have you told your husband?\" -\"No.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00860-00372399-00372755": "\"Tell him, as well as your bishop.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00861-00372841-00373174": "\"Once you're past the religious matters,", "eyN2AScokpE-00862-00373178-00373429": "I will help you however I can.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00863-00373433-00373728": "She didn't tell her husband.", "eyN2AScokpE-00864-00373731-00373949": "She went straight to the bishop.", "eyN2AScokpE-00865-00373949-00374283": "She later told me the bishop walked around,", "eyN2AScokpE-00866-00374287-00374698": "with sweaty hands, not knowing what to say.", "eyN2AScokpE-00867-00374701-00375165": "He then said: \"Child, did you tell your husband?\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00868-00375165-00375404": "-\"No.\" -\"Then, tell him!\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00869-00375407-00375600": "\"Come later, if you want to!\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00870-00375603-00376000": "She told her husband, he listened.", "eyN2AScokpE-00871-00376004-00376340": "He was the quiet type, from the countryside.", "eyN2AScokpE-00872-00376343-00376757": "I thought: \"I might have given her wrong advice.\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00873-00376760-00376983": "Well, not wrong advice,", "eyN2AScokpE-00874-00376987-00377211": "but if him, being the way that he is,", "eyN2AScokpE-00875-00377214-00377656": "the quiet, married, north eastern type,", "eyN2AScokpE-00876-00377660-00378047": "won't take it, and will go after the torturers,", "eyN2AScokpE-00877-00378050-00378312": "try to kill them, and die by doing so.", "eyN2AScokpE-00878-00378315-00378607": "I thought: \"Her husband is going to die!\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00879-00378611-00378969": "I wondered if I would be partly guilty of it.", "eyN2AScokpE-00880-00379098-00379502": "Well, he listened, quietly, to her entire story", "eyN2AScokpE-00881-00379506-00379742": "When she was done,", "eyN2AScokpE-00882-00379746-00380100": "he quietly put her arms around her and said:", "eyN2AScokpE-00883-00380104-00380518": "\"Honey, a child is a child!\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00884-00380521-00380890": "\"Go ahead and have her, I'll help you make her a decent being!\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00885-00381140-00381669": "\"We'll know how to make her a decent person!\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00886-00381753-00381905": "Well...", "eyN2AScokpE-00887-00381988-00382224": "In the end,", "eyN2AScokpE-00888-00382274-00382709": "for hers, the bishop's and everyone's sake,", "eyN2AScokpE-00889-00382795-00383220": "she went through such a physical and psychological relaxation", "eyN2AScokpE-00890-00383223-00383652": "that two days later, she had a miscarriage!", "eyN2AScokpE-00891-00383656-00383959": "That's when she said that God jumped in.", "eyN2AScokpE-00892-00383962-00384222": "\"God did it for me!\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00893-00384274-00384618": "\"Fridge\"... that´s an instrument of torture made in England", "eyN2AScokpE-00894-00384618-00384930": "and it does not leave marks on bodies.", "eyN2AScokpE-00895-00385018-00385630": "It could kill a person. It is a dark room around eight by eight feet", "eyN2AScokpE-00896-00385666-00385726": "[ Historian ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00897-00385874-00386530": "in which they could maintain any temperature they wanted.", "eyN2AScokpE-00898-00386718-00386930": "I don´t know any victim of the heat. Everyone suffered from coldness.", "eyN2AScokpE-00899-00386962-00387070": "That´s why it was called fridge.", "eyN2AScokpE-00900-00387254-00387630": "You had to keep on jumping because", "eyN2AScokpE-00901-00387630-00388090": "Some of the tortured people used to say that they also felt something", "eyN2AScokpE-00902-00388206-00388574": "moving and biting.", "eyN2AScokpE-00903-00388574-00389030": "non-poisonous snakes, but the person", "eyN2AScokpE-00904-00389030-00389358": "and would go mad. It didn´t happen to me.", "eyN2AScokpE-00905-00389358-00389830": "Another kind of torture was to hear the screams of our comrades", "eyN2AScokpE-00906-00389950-00390430": "being torture at full volume.", "eyN2AScokpE-00907-00390706-00391490": "So, what happened? Just a few did not come clean. I confessed.", "eyN2AScokpE-00908-00391626-00391970": "But I was one of the last prisoners, they already knew everything.", "eyN2AScokpE-00909-00392234-00392830": "And those who didn´t come clean died under torture.", "eyN2AScokpE-00910-00392951-00393543": "Once a comrade said: \"we´ve learned how to fight and how to die", "eyN2AScokpE-00911-00393591-00393771": "but we haven´t learned how to tolerate torture\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00912-00394039-00394439": "He was the most injured fellow,", "eyN2AScokpE-00913-00394475-00394795": "virtually crushed by the torture machine.", "eyN2AScokpE-00914-00394855-00395295": "We didn´t know each other and we didn´t speak much. We were cautious", "eyN2AScokpE-00915-00395327-00395591": "for anyone could be an agent.", "eyN2AScokpE-00916-00395747-00396203": "But he saw me after being tortured,", "eyN2AScokpE-00917-00396203-00396731": "\"What do I do now, fellow?\"", "eyN2AScokpE-00918-00396731-00397095": "\"They are also torturing me as the have done with you\".", "eyN2AScokpE-00919-00397095-00397411": "Then he taught me a lesson: \"Take heart!", "eyN2AScokpE-00920-00397508-00397940": "That man deeply touched me when he said that the glory of Tiradentes was not in that", "eyN2AScokpE-00921-00398020-00398528": "he had tried to do a revolution. He was glorious because he had carried all", "eyN2AScokpE-00922-00398628-00398884": "the consequences and released people from their guiltiness.", "eyN2AScokpE-00923-00398908-00399228": "He was a fellow who selflessly", "eyN2AScokpE-00924-00399228-00399376": "to save lives.", "eyN2AScokpE-00925-00399413-00399670": "Our pain has to be turned into a fight instrument.", "eyN2AScokpE-00926-00399694-00400258": "This pain is marked on our bodies and it will never be forgotten.", "eyN2AScokpE-00927-00400322-00400618": "Wretched pain, humiliation...", "eyN2AScokpE-00928-00400618-00400886": "the pain of subjection, nakedness,", "eyN2AScokpE-00929-00400978-00401322": "the pain of sexual abuse,", "eyN2AScokpE-00930-00401322-00401590": "It´s a method to turn you into an object...", "eyN2AScokpE-00931-00401590-00401950": "that´s what they said when I was taken to see Novaes being tortured.", "eyN2AScokpE-00932-00401950-00402258": "I´ve been hearing his screams", "eyN2AScokpE-00933-00402258-00402430": "I had never heard his scream before that.", "eyN2AScokpE-00934-00402466-00402962": "Silence would be more natural. Silenced are those who think that", "eyN2AScokpE-00935-00403006-00403238": "what happened was not worth it.", "eyN2AScokpE-00936-00403458-00403754": "more we state it to be true", "eyN2AScokpE-00937-00403794-00404186": "is to break obliviousness, and therefore", "eyN2AScokpE-00938-00404214-00404430": "Despite our mistakes,", "eyN2AScokpE-00939-00404614-00405038": "it´s essential that the generations to come learn what´s happened in the recent past.", "eyN2AScokpE-00940-00405258-00405498": "The \"Authorized  History\" they taught us,", "eyN2AScokpE-00941-00405498-00405766": "that is a story told by the dictatorship", "eyN2AScokpE-00942-00405790-00406070": "and strengthened by the mass media,", "eyN2AScokpE-00943-00406070-00406294": "has always been the viewpoint of the winners.", "eyN2AScokpE-00944-00406294-00406506": "Even so, we try to break these rules", "eyN2AScokpE-00945-00406534-00406850": "the other version of this kind of \"History\", the viewpoint of the defeated.", "eyN2AScokpE-00946-00406850-00407194": "That´s what you try to present in this movie and what we try to tell.", "eyN2AScokpE-00947-00407366-00407818": "It must have been difficult for you to write this book.", "eyN2AScokpE-00948-00407950-00408302": "- Some psychology is needed...", "eyN2AScokpE-00949-00408702-00409402": "[Dead and missing since 1964]", "eyN2AScokpE-00950-00410582-00410978": "Despite our divergences, we took part in a solidary movement", "eyN2AScokpE-00951-00411078-00411530": "that is kind of being destroyed", "eyN2AScokpE-00952-00411530-00411774": "Individualism, every man for himself,", "eyN2AScokpE-00953-00411774-00412202": "at most for his family. These conditions currently prevail.", "eyN2AScokpE-00954-00412202-00412446": "But we have lived by other ideas", "eyN2AScokpE-00955-00412538-00412810": "and it is important to remember them.", "eyN2AScokpE-00956-00412810-00413346": "It´s possible to live a fraternal life.", "eyN2AScokpE-00957-00413438-00413846": "a solidary economy. And now I remember Marcos Arruda´s words.", "eyN2AScokpE-00958-00414006-00414566": "My friend, you are already a hope.", "eyN2AScokpE-00959-00414702-00415230": "is a lively proof that it is not", "eyN2AScokpE-00960-00415270-00415522": "[ Economist ]", "eyN2AScokpE-00961-00415522-00415914": "These men haven´t understood that their world is already dead -", "eyN2AScokpE-00962-00416082-00416562": "a world that is on the opposite side of the human evolution,", "eyN2AScokpE-00963-00416562-00416798": "that is against evolution.", "eyN2AScokpE-00964-00416938-00417366": "The patriarchal system that is also hierarchical, authoritarian,", "eyN2AScokpE-00965-00417434-00417778": "capitalist, materialistic, consumerist... overpowers reality", "eyN2AScokpE-00966-00417906-00418414": "due to a kind of culture subsisting on inertia, despite being already dead,", "eyN2AScokpE-00967-00418482-00418758": "and turning everything into merchandise.", "eyN2AScokpE-00968-00418802-00419190": "People may be rich though unhappy, lonely, maybe suicidal...", "eyN2AScokpE-00969-00419226-00419650": "And you may ask yourself: \"How can that be? They have everything.\" It´s not true.", "eyN2AScokpE-00970-00419650-00419946": "We can have everything even when we do not have what to wear.", "eyN2AScokpE-00971-00420110-00420314": "We take part in a world of hope", "eyN2AScokpE-00972-00420434-00420838": "that is taking place in each gesture,", "eyN2AScokpE-00973-00420838-00421170": "that is leaving behind our old patterns of man and woman.", "eyN2AScokpE-00974-00421382-00421666": "The time I died under torture, I profoundly revisited my faith", "eyN2AScokpE-00975-00421706-00422066": "and it happened to be too deep.", "eyN2AScokpE-00976-00422258-00422718": "Every religion that adheres to a belief in an outside God", "eyN2AScokpE-00977-00422858-00423098": "has lost its sense of meaning", "eyN2AScokpE-00978-00423138-00423638": "since I had to review my understanding of the experience I had had.", "eyN2AScokpE-00979-00423734-00424282": "I´m living that same way of life Jesus lived,", "eyN2AScokpE-00980-00424314-00424942": "climbing my Calvary. This is what is higher and more profound.", "eyN2AScokpE-00981-00424942-00425206": "And who is to say that I´ve lost the war?", "eyN2AScokpE-00982-00425206-00425370": "They´ve lost the war, not me.", "eyN2AScokpE-00983-00425466-00425690": "They may kill me, my body may die,", "eyN2AScokpE-00984-00425862-00426070": "but my spirit is unbeatable", "eyN2AScokpE-00985-00426146-00426318": "and they are powerless.", "eyN2AScokpE-00986-00426318-00426842": "This is what I learned during those moments of torture,", "eyN2AScokpE-00987-00426842-00427090": "violence and death face to face.", "eyN2AScokpE-00988-00427250-00427654": "Once I had survived, I was full of gratitude for life", "eyN2AScokpE-00989-00427706-00427986": "and feeling a great sense of responsibility.", "eyN2AScokpE-00990-00428134-00428502": "My God! Why me?", "eyN2AScokpE-00991-00428502-00428710": "So many wonderful people were killed...", "eyN2AScokpE-00992-00428758-00429106": "How could I be worthy of the grace and the gift of remaining alive in this world?", "eyN2AScokpE-00993-00429146-00429402": "I may have some sort of mission to fulfill...", "eyN2AScokpE-00994-00433537-00433781": "Quoting Cecília Meirelles:", "eyN2AScokpE-00995-00433865-00434317": "\"Freedom is not enough.", "eyN2AScokpE-00996-00429839-00430218": "PRODUCED BY FRANCISCO SORIANO", "eyN2AScokpE-00997-00430324-00430814": "SCREENPLAY, DIRECTED AND EDITED BY PETER CORDENONSI", "eyN2AScokpE-00998-00430927-00431326": "PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH VERA MODERNO", "eyN2AScokpE-00999-00431473-00431911": "CINEMATOGRAPHY AND CAMERA OP THIAGO SCORZA", "eyN2AScokpE-01000-00432057-00432433": "SOUND (LOCATION) THIAGO SOBRAL", "eyN2AScokpE-01001-00432555-00432949": "SOUNDTRACK FRANCISCO SORIANO", "eyN2AScokpE-01002-00433015-00433361": "ARCHIVE FOOTAGE CALIBAN FILM PRODUCTIONS", "eyN2AScokpE-01003-00442361-00442790": "BASED ON FRANCISCO SORIANO'S SELF-TITLED BOOK", "eyN2AScokpE-01004-00442909-00443493": "IN TRIBUTE TO CAPTAIN JOSÉ MILTON BARBOSA"}}, {"audio_id": "eyWmnK8ulq0", "text": {"eyWmnK8ulq0-00000-00000888-00001066": "[PEPPER TV]", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00001-00002080-00002328": "We provide you the best service", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00002-00002660-00003038": "(I chose a music that might be played in a salon..)   (The song may put you to sleep)", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00003-00003338-00003614": "Feel so good.....", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00004-00005114-00005338": "A pillow cover that has been taken from somewhere", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00005-00006048-00006418": "I picked this skill up from somewhere", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00006-00007334-00007708": "Spine massage from that has been   picked from nowhere", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00007-00008092-00008460": "Pepper enjoys it anyway in her own way.", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00008-00008790-00009156": "Ear massage that has been picked up also nowhere", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00009-00010120-00010492": "She sleeps shallowly when I press her armpit gently.", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00010-00011724-00012094": "The pillow cover blanket comes out again", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00011-00012824-00013197": "We're coming to session the clavicle and chest massage.", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00012-00013430-00013708": "(What are you guys doing)", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00013-00014430-00014713": "But she's remaining because she likes it anyways, right?", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00014-00014884-00014963": "(Dont stopit)", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00015-00015310-00015482": "Do you...want more, Ma'am?", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00016-00015812-00015906": "(A bit more..!)", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00017-00016080-00016432": "It's all done, Ma'am.  You'll have to pay extension fee, Ma'am.", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00018-00016498-00016662": "Stand up, please.", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00019-00016910-00017200": "We're going to the end session so firmly.", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00020-00017780-00018070": "A day that Pepper worked out", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00021-00018324-00018596": "The pillow cover blanket enters again", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00022-00018880-00019146": "She's just CUTE....", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00023-00019404-00019700": "(It's not bad)", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00024-00021540-00021832": "Pressing armpits", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00025-00022830-00022968": "Starting lower body massage session.", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00026-00023722-00024020": "Relaxing muscles because she worked out her muscles that day.", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00027-00024900-00025044": "It's done, it's done", "eyWmnK8ulq0-00028-00025222-00025452": "Loving massage with absolutely no knowledge is done*"}}, {"audio_id": "ezrZ8WmULB8", "text": {"ezrZ8WmULB8-00000-00002158-00002412": "- [Gail] Hello, my name is Gail Boyle.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00001-00002412-00002633": "And it's my pleasure to have been asked to present", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00002-00002633-00002791": "at today's webinar.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00003-00002791-00003079": "My task is to provide a very brief overview", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00004-00003079-00003375": "of the change in relationship that museums have had", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00005-00003375-00003645": "with archaeological archives over time.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00006-00003645-00003870": "The challenges that this has posed", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00007-00003870-00004120": "and some of the more recent initiative that SMA", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00008-00004120-00004454": "and others have been delivering to address them.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00009-00004454-00004591": "Before I go further,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00010-00004591-00004825": "for those who are not familiar with SMA,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00011-00004825-00005162": "the society is recognised by Arts Council England", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00012-00005162-00005325": "as the subject specialist network", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00013-00005325-00005533": "for British archaeology.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00014-00005533-00005912": "With about 250 members in the UK and beyond,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00015-00005912-00006258": "it's been fully constituted for over 40 years.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00016-00006258-00006558": "And although initially set up to provide the profession", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00017-00006558-00006737": "with a political voice,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00018-00006737-00007000": "it is just as much interest to today", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00019-00007000-00007237": "in promoting best practise.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00020-00007237-00007566": "As I shall explain, we also work collaboratively", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00021-00007566-00007979": "with a wide variety of other sector wide organisations.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00022-00008187-00008391": "The contents of archaeological archives", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00023-00008391-00008766": "are hugely variable dependence on when they were excavated", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00024-00008766-00009062": "and many museums hold records from sites explored", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00025-00009062-00009379": "before modern field work techniques were developed.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00026-00009379-00009704": "Their content will be affected by amongst other things,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00027-00009704-00009995": "the period and responsibility for production,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00028-00009995-00010316": "standards at that time, research agendas,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00029-00010316-00010720": "investigative techniques, and the resources available.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00030-00010720-00010900": "These photographs show the excavation", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00031-00010900-00011054": "of Kings Weston Roman Villa", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00032-00011054-00011325": "near Bristol in the late 1940s.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00033-00011325-00011704": "It was discovered by two teenage amateur archaeologists", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00034-00011704-00012112": "whilst a new postwar housing estate was being built.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00035-00012112-00012220": "Clearly at this time,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00036-00012220-00012470": "archaeology was not bound by the planning controls", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00037-00012470-00012770": "and processes that we experience today,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00038-00012770-00013058": "but equally the quality of what was produced", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00039-00013058-00013262": "as an archive was also nothing", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00040-00013262-00013716": "like we would expect to see deposited at a museum now.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00041-00013716-00013887": "This site wasn't excavated", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00042-00013887-00014170": "by experienced professional archaeologists", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00043-00014170-00014391": "and there were no standards that could be applied", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00044-00014391-00014541": "to what was produced.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00045-00014741-00014870": "With regard to the growing need", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00046-00014870-00015066": "to professionalise practise,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00047-00015066-00015291": "an important challenge was to ensure", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00048-00015291-00015487": "that archives were compiled in a way", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00049-00015487-00015750": "that they provided detailed records of sites", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00050-00015750-00016075": "which would themselves be destroyed by excavation.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00051-00016075-00016270": "And crucially so that these records", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00052-00016270-00016545": "could be re-examined in the future.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00053-00016545-00016850": "Similarly challenging was the practical de-position process", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00054-00016850-00017241": "to museum stores in ways that enabled them to be curated", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00055-00017241-00017470": "in the most efficient way.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00056-00017470-00017750": "The need for standardisation came about initially", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00057-00017750-00018112": "in response to the quantity of excavated material produced", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00058-00018112-00018516": "by rescue excavation in the 1960s and 70s.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00059-00018516-00018691": "But the need for best practise guidance", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00060-00018691-00018908": "became more pressing after changes", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00061-00018908-00019291": "to the UK's planning system in the 1990s,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00062-00019291-00019520": "especially after the introduction", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00063-00019520-00019945": "of Planning Policy Guidance 16: Archaeology and Planning", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00064-00019945-00020162": "PPG 16.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00065-00020162-00020441": "Although PPG 16 is now cancelled,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00066-00020441-00020641": "it's principles are being carried forward", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00067-00020641-00020904": "into the current planning framework.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00068-00020904-00021191": "It wasn't until 2007 however", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00069-00021191-00021520": "that Duncan Brown's best practise guide was produced", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00070-00021520-00021787": "which enabled archives to be created", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00071-00021787-00022145": "and then curated in a useful way in the future.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00072-00022145-00022262": "And then more recently,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00073-00022262-00022587": "the Archer's European Standard was published.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00074-00022587-00022820": "It's worth saying here that's as yet", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00075-00022820-00023012": "there are no directly equivalent standards", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00076-00023012-00023150": "in other countries,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00077-00023150-00023383": "whereby the same fundamental requirements", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00078-00023383-00023716": "for archaeological archiving are adopted nationally.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00079-00023929-00024179": "As the number of sites being investigated today", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00080-00024179-00024383": "have sword and the professionalism", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00081-00024383-00024612": "with which they are delivered has developed.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00082-00024612-00024929": "So conversely, the role of the museum archaeologist", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00083-00024929-00025158": "in their practical field work delivery", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00084-00025158-00025466": "has become increasingly more remote.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00085-00025466-00025595": "As many of you will know", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00086-00025595-00025883": "there are very few museums that now employ", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00087-00025883-00026179": "field archaeologists in-house.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00088-00026179-00026475": "The size of the product is enormous.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00089-00026475-00026700": "The archaeological investigations project", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00090-00026700-00027083": "suggests more than 80,000 archaeological projects", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00091-00027083-00027429": "were delivered between 1990 and 2010.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00092-00027429-00027754": "And more recent data gathered for Algo UK", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00093-00027754-00028062": "shows that over 10,000 archaeological investigations", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00094-00028062-00028445": "took place in England and Scotland in just one year", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00095-00028445-00028825": "between 2017 and 2018.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00096-00028825-00029000": "Each will have produced an archive", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00097-00029000-00029170": "that has to be stored somewhere.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00098-00029266-00029533": "The profession has had to formulate new strategies", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00099-00029533-00029812": "and to learn to navigate the way that museums participate", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00100-00029812-00029954": "in the process.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00101-00029954-00030237": "In particular, museums have had to deal with changes", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00102-00030237-00030483": "to the makeup of the contents of archives", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00103-00030483-00030762": "so that different skills are required to manage them", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00104-00030762-00031095": "particularly with reference to their digital content.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00105-00031095-00031329": "Museum curatorial work requires", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00106-00031329-00031575": "more than managing three-dimensional material", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00107-00031575-00031775": "or paperwork in boxes.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00108-00031775-00032054": "It also involves managing the relationships", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00109-00032054-00032375": "with other organisations involved in the process,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00110-00032375-00032654": "such as the archaeology data service.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00111-00032654-00032983": "It's important to emphasise here that no museum", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00112-00032983-00033366": "in the UK has the capacity to adequately collect", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00113-00033366-00033745": "and curate born digital material in such a way", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00114-00033745-00034050": "that it might continue to be accessed in the future,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00115-00034050-00034416": "and this has become an increasingly significant issue.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00116-00034633-00034920": "One of the most important aspects of the work that SMA", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00117-00034920-00035137": "and others have been doing has been to gather data", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00118-00035137-00035308": "on the size and nature of the problem", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00119-00035308-00035454": "the sector faces,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00120-00035454-00035725": "and to use it to advocate for change.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00121-00035725-00035912": "Museums had long warned about the pressure", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00122-00035912-00036366": "on storage space even before the advent of PPG 16.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00123-00036366-00036533": "One of the major issues it reported", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00124-00036533-00036800": "to a ministerial inquiry in 2014", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00125-00036800-00037066": "was the disconnect that exists between the duties placed", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00126-00037066-00037400": "upon local planning authorities by NPPF", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00127-00037400-00037754": "which requires information to be made publicly accessible", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00128-00037754-00037929": "and for archives to be deposited", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00129-00037929-00038287": "with a local museum or other public depository", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00130-00038287-00038508": "especially where there is no statutory", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00131-00038508-00038641": "requirement to do so.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00132-00038733-00038954": "Quantifying the problem to government and others", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00133-00038954-00039279": "was made possible by the Edwards Report in 2012,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00134-00039279-00039508": "and then a series of annual surveys commissioned", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00135-00039508-00039845": "by Historic England and delivered by SMA.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00136-00039845-00040125": "The reports were compiled using Gait data", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00137-00040125-00040487": "gathered by online survey for more than 200 respondents", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00138-00040487-00040775": "in England that represent museums which collect", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00139-00040775-00041020": "or hold archaeological material.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00140-00041020-00041262": "The results relate to the capacity to collect,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00141-00041262-00041508": "staff resource and expertise", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00142-00041508-00041679": "and made stark reading.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00143-00041975-00042175": "The results of the three annual surveys", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00144-00042175-00042541": "broadly concur with the survey undertaken in 2012,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00145-00042541-00042733": "which amongst other things had highlighted", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00146-00042733-00043025": "a possible 9,000 archives being held", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00147-00043025-00043362": "by commercial units that could not be deposited", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00148-00043362-00043566": "at an estimated cost to those units", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00149-00043566-00043912": "of 330,000 pounds per year.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00150-00043912-00044262": "Collectively SMEs annual survey results showed,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00151-00044262-00044495": "there are many areas of England where archives", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00152-00044495-00044695": "could not be deposited.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00153-00044695-00044945": "Archives were remaining with commercial units", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00154-00044945-00045191": "in ever increasing numbers.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00155-00045191-00045516": "There are annual decreases in the number of museums", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00156-00045516-00045737": "that collect archives.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00157-00045737-00046170": "Budget cuts have led to staff losses and expertise.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00158-00046170-00046391": "Archives held by commercial units", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00159-00046391-00046750": "are not being held in publicly accessible repositories.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00160-00046750-00047083": "And two thirds of museums currently collecting archives", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00161-00047083-00047266": "reported their stores would be full", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00162-00047266-00047479": "in five years or less.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00163-00047766-00048029": "Sadly there is no single overarching body", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00164-00048029-00048370": "that speaks for or represents all points of view.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00165-00048370-00048495": "Nevertheless, it is certain", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00166-00048495-00048745": "that if our profession wishes to address the challenges", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00167-00048745-00049041": "it faces, it must do so collaboratively", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00168-00049041-00049383": "with a wide variety of other organisations.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00169-00049383-00049604": "Better communication between the producers", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00170-00049604-00049941": "and receivers of archives is one of the key requirements", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00171-00049941-00050220": "for this to happen, as well as the acquisition", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00172-00050220-00050558": "of a shared understanding of each other's problems.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00173-00050558-00050854": "The data SMA collated relating to the current state", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00174-00050854-00051025": "of collecting in museums,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00175-00051025-00051204": "began to inform many discussions", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00176-00051204-00051508": "on the future of museum archaeology collections", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00177-00051508-00051679": "and the resolution of the problem", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00178-00051679-00051950": "of undeposited archaeological archives", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00179-00051950-00052241": "at both the regional and national level.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00180-00052241-00052445": "Over a hundred archaeologists involved", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00181-00052445-00052766": "in distant aspects of the process for example,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00182-00052766-00053070": "came together to address this in Southwest England,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00183-00053070-00053245": "to discuss what could be done better", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00184-00053245-00053491": "from each stakeholder's perspective", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00185-00053491-00053770": "as part of the Seeing the Light of Day Project.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00186-00053770-00054070": "In 2017, a series of workshops was organised", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00187-00054070-00054337": "by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00188-00054337-00054670": "in partnership with and funded by Historic England", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00189-00054670-00054879": "as part of the 21st century challenges", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00190-00054879-00055054": "for archaeology project.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00191-00055054-00055320": "With the first workshop addressing new models", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00192-00055320-00055675": "for archive creation, de-position, storage,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00193-00055675-00055875": "access and research.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00194-00056120-00056329": "Nationally, Historic England convened", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00195-00056329-00056645": "an archaeological archives advisory group", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00196-00056645-00056833": "and responded along with many others", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00197-00056833-00057000": "to the Mendoza Review,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00198-00057000-00057279": "an independent review of museums in England", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00199-00057279-00057425": "which was undertaken in response", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00200-00057425-00057750": "to the culture white paper 2016.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00201-00057750-00058000": "The review outlined key recommendations", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00202-00058000-00058237": "relating to government support for the museum sector", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00203-00058237-00058383": "in England.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00204-00058383-00058629": "Importantly, one of its requirements", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00205-00058629-00058950": "was for Historic England to produce recommendations", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00206-00058950-00059175": "to improve the long-term sustainability", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00207-00059175-00059608": "of archives generated by the developer-funded process.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00208-00059608-00059925": "Significantly the work to deliver these recommendations", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00209-00059925-00060195": "enabled SMA to provide a definition", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00210-00060195-00060470": "of a publicly accessible repository,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00211-00060470-00060708": "which is referenced in the NPPF,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00212-00060708-00061029": "but without specifying its characteristics.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00213-00061029-00061275": "SMEs definition covers accessibility", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00214-00061275-00061500": "both physically and intellectually,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00215-00061500-00061679": "and says that in order for these collections", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00216-00061679-00061891": "to remain publicly accessible,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00217-00061891-00062029": "they should be managed by staff", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00218-00062029-00062283": "with professional expertise appropriate", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00219-00062283-00062491": "to their care and display.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00220-00062491-00062733": "That's also the ability to unlock their potential", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00221-00062733-00062987": "for a wide variety of people.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00222-00062987-00063179": "The latter is especially important", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00223-00063179-00063441": "since safeguarding the collection for the future", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00224-00063441-00063741": "is not simply a matter of cataloguing its contents", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00225-00063741-00063908": "and providing a secure location", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00226-00063908-00064120": "with the correct environment.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00227-00064120-00064408": "It is also about acquiring and disseminating", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00228-00064408-00064583": "accumulated knowledge,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00229-00064583-00064937": "the delivery of inspirational engagement opportunities", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00230-00064937-00065079": "and collection development", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00231-00065079-00065420": "by individuals properly qualified to do so.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00232-00065641-00065891": "As a direct result of the Mendoza Review,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00233-00065891-00066162": "Historic England, Arts Council England,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00234-00066162-00066287": "SMA and others,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00235-00066287-00066525": "developed an action plan to address the challenge", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00236-00066525-00066920": "of sustainable management of archaeological archives.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00237-00066920-00067183": "This was subsequently endorsed by Michael Ellis,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00238-00067183-00067475": "Minister for Arts, Heritage and Tourism.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00239-00067475-00067679": "Key features of the plan as listed", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00240-00067679-00067937": "on Historic England's website are,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00241-00067937-00068158": "investigating the potential for national", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00242-00068158-00068400": "or regional repositories,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00243-00068400-00068820": "understanding and promoting access and use of archives,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00244-00068820-00069233": "clarifying issues of ownership and title transfer,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00245-00069233-00069583": "exploring sensible charging frameworks,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00246-00069583-00069812": "increasing the focus on retaining", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00247-00069812-00070066": "only what is truly significant,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00248-00070066-00070454": "and exploring new technologies and methods of storage.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00249-00070654-00070812": "Many of the actions specified", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00250-00070812-00071020": "in the plan have begun to bear fruits.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00251-00071020-00071229": "Not least of which is the ongoing options", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00252-00071229-00071512": "for sustainable archaeological archives project", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00253-00071512-00071745": "which is designed to assess strategic options", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00254-00071745-00072062": "for the ongoing issue of storing archives.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00255-00072062-00072237": "The options appraisal will according", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00256-00072237-00072612": "to its publicity review existing and future capacity", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00257-00072612-00072862": "for archaeological archives within England", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00258-00072862-00073170": "considering a full range of archive solutions", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00259-00073170-00073400": "and evaluating the potential of each", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00260-00073400-00073875": "to meet the needs of archive creators, managers and users.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00261-00073875-00074083": "Nevertheless, SMEs definition", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00262-00074083-00074333": "of a publicly accessible repository", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00263-00074333-00074708": "will have to be met by whatever solutions are found.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00264-00074708-00074895": "Significant inroads have been made", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00265-00074895-00075195": "with advice on how to handle the digital archive", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00266-00075195-00075454": "with the developments of up to date guidance,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00267-00075454-00075737": "and which also underlines the premise that museums", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00268-00075737-00076079": "without core trusted seal accreditation are not trusted", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00269-00076079-00076308": "digital repositories and not equipped", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00270-00076308-00076575": "to store digital data in perpetuity.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00271-00076670-00076937": "Other practitioners have also taken action.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00272-00076937-00077283": "For example, Algo investigated the relationship", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00273-00077283-00077475": "between National Planning Policy", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00274-00077475-00077666": "and the production of archives", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00275-00077666-00077820": "and what planning archaeologists", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00276-00077820-00078100": "might realistically contribute to the solution.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00277-00078375-00078670": "Mindful of the loss of archaeological expertise", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00278-00078670-00078900": "across the museum sector,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00279-00078900-00079116": "SMA realised there was an increasing number", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00280-00079116-00079429": "of non-specialists curating archaeological collections,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00281-00079429-00079720": "and that access to training and specialist knowledge", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00282-00079720-00079900": "was required.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00283-00079900-00080162": "In response to this, SMA successfully applied", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00284-00080162-00080312": "for Arts Council funding to deliver", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00285-00080312-00080600": "the Society for Museum Archaeology resources", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00286-00080600-00080845": "and training or smart project.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00287-00080845-00081050": "The aims of the project were threefold.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00288-00081050-00081350": "Firstly to update existing out of date guidelines", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00289-00081350-00081583": "and produce new online standards guidance", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00290-00081583-00082012": "and resources readily accessible via the SMA website.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00291-00082012-00082345": "Secondly, to enable museum staff and volunteers", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00292-00082345-00082633": "to develop skills to work with archaeological collections", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00293-00082633-00082887": "proactively and confidently.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00294-00082887-00083229": "And thirdly, to connect to non-specialist museum staff", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00295-00083229-00083541": "with those that have subject specialist expertise", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00296-00083541-00083795": "in order to facilitate knowledge exchange", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00297-00083795-00084058": "and thereby strengthen expertise.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00298-00084058-00084208": "The guidance which was published", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00299-00084208-00084587": "in April, 2020 takes the form of separate packages", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00300-00084587-00084945": "of information, all of which are free to download.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00301-00085116-00085400": "A series of regional workshops were also delivered", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00302-00085400-00085587": "which introduced participants", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00303-00085587-00085795": "to the multiple ways that archaeology collections", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00304-00085795-00085983": "can be managed to best effect,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00305-00085983-00086254": "and use to engage and inspire people of all ages", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00306-00086254-00086475": "beyond the medium of display.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00307-00086475-00086700": "Subject matter included best practise", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00308-00086700-00086991": "in the management use and understanding of collections.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00309-00086991-00087362": "The transfer and accessioning of archaeological archives.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00310-00087362-00087654": "Effective participation in the Trezor process", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00311-00087654-00087979": "and how archaeology can be used for community engagement,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00312-00087979-00088241": "learning and volunteer projects.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00313-00088241-00088437": "The workshops were aimed at museum staff", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00314-00088437-00088783": "with little or no specific expertise in archaeology.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00315-00088783-00088975": "A mentorship scheme was also trialled", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00316-00088975-00089137": "in the Southeast of England", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00317-00089137-00089312": "to provide one-to-one training", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00318-00089312-00089495": "and advice for museum staff", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00319-00089495-00089733": "with no archaeological experience", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00320-00089733-00090062": "which will hopefully be extended across the UK.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00321-00090175-00090387": "The results of the Smart project,", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00322-00090387-00090691": "SMA surveys and reports are all available to download", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00323-00090691-00090816": "from our website.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00324-00090816-00091025": "Where you'll also be able to find details", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00325-00091025-00091216": "of how to join the society", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00326-00091216-00091500": "and you don't have to work in a museum to do so.", "ezrZ8WmULB8-00327-00091500-00091620": "Thank you for listening."}}, {"audio_id": "ezy9gP0ArP4", "text": {"ezy9gP0ArP4-00000-00001300-00001512": "We are going to play another game now.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00001-00001520-00001716": "The name of this game is", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00002-00001736-00001965": "'Halves'. What is the name of the game?", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00003-00001978-00002231": "- Halves. - You know this game,", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00004-00002231-00002384": "we have played it before, isn't it?", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00005-00002424-00002483": "Right.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00006-00002515-00002597": "Are you ready?", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00007-00002683-00002802": "- Yes teacher. - Start.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00008-00003193-00003319": "You must talk loudly, okay?", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00009-00003329-00003529": "Half of one is a half.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00010-00003632-00003832": "Half of three is...", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00011-00003864-00003898": "one.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00012-00004092-00004163": "One and a half.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00013-00004379-00004579": "Half of 12 is six.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00014-00004727-00004884": "Half of eight is four.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00015-00005151-00005363": "Half of 18 is nine.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00016-00005516-00005729": "Half of 14 is four.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00017-00005860-00006046": "- What is half of 14? - Four.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00018-00006124-00006291": "Right. That's incorrect. Put it over there.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00019-00006348-00006491": "Half of ten is five.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00020-00006630-00006850": "Half of two is four.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00021-00007141-00007361": "Half of seven is three and a half.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00022-00007384-00007644": "Well done. Now let's see how many cards you have.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00023-00007751-00007874": "Count your cards for us quickly.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00024-00008148-00008187": "Loudly.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00025-00008259-00008589": "- Count: one, - ...two, three, four, five.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00026-00008620-00008806": "And you, how many cards do you have?", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00027-00008832-00009008": "One, two, three.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00028-00009029-00009151": "Right, so who is the winner?", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00029-00009164-00009255": "Elrisha.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00030-00009275-00009424": "Elrisha!", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00031-00009462-00009769": "- Give Elrisha a round of applause. - [applause]", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00032-00009769-00010164": "Well done, and give her a round of applause for taking part.", "ezy9gP0ArP4-00033-00010164-00010383": "- [applause] - Give her a round of applause."}}, {"audio_id": "ezNyJhSB9GI", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "ezOM58ob--E", "text": {"ezOM58ob--E-00000-00000041-00000305": "Good afternoon everyone.  Buenas tardes.", "ezOM58ob--E-00001-00000305-00000888": "Welcome to, \"Creating a Culture of Empowerment\"  My name is Todd Nienkirk.  I'm a", "ezOM58ob--E-00002-00000888-00001276": "digital strategist and partner at Four Kitchens.  If you have any", "ezOM58ob--E-00003-00001276-00001659": "follow up questions or if you want to touch base after this session,", "ezOM58ob--E-00004-00001659-00002048": "that's my email address.  I'm on Twitter @toddross.", "ezOM58ob--E-00005-00002048-00002375": "I warn you in advance though it's mostly", "ezOM58ob--E-00006-00002375-00002809": "bad puns.  I don't know how puns work in Spanish but just trust me they're brilliant", "ezOM58ob--E-00007-00002809-00003396": "English puns.  Before we get started I want to say a few words about the nature of", "ezOM58ob--E-00008-00003396-00003810": "this presentation because this is unusual for a DrupalCon talk.", "ezOM58ob--E-00009-00003810-00004153": "We're not gonna talk about Drupal.  We're not going to talk about the web.", "ezOM58ob--E-00010-00004153-00004487": "We're not gonna talk about technology or even process.", "ezOM58ob--E-00011-00004487-00004803": "Instead, we're going to talk about how we apply", "ezOM58ob--E-00012-00004803-00005205": "and open source philosophy to management, to teams,", "ezOM58ob--E-00013-00005205-00005632": "and to people.  So you're also going to hear me talk a lot about the way we do", "ezOM58ob--E-00014-00005632-00005744": "things at Four Kitchens,", "ezOM58ob--E-00015-00005744-00006053": "I want to assure you that this is not intended to be bragging.", "ezOM58ob--E-00016-00006053-00006414": "The presentation I'm about to give you is the result", "ezOM58ob--E-00017-00006414-00006759": "of nine years a trial and error and many many many failures.", "ezOM58ob--E-00018-00006759-00007059": "We don't have all the answers.  We're also trying to find them,", "ezOM58ob--E-00019-00007059-00007398": "but I think we're on to a few things and I want to share them with you.", "ezOM58ob--E-00020-00007398-00007858": "Also, I want to be attuned to", "ezOM58ob--E-00021-00007858-00008183": "the different customs and cultures in the room as well so", "ezOM58ob--E-00022-00008183-00008575": "a lot of the opinions and a lot of the experiences I will discuss", "ezOM58ob--E-00023-00008575-00008953": "are based on things we've done in the United States.", "ezOM58ob--E-00024-00008953-00009263": "I recognize that the culture of work", "ezOM58ob--E-00025-00009263-00009584": "varies from country to country sometimes even", "ezOM58ob--E-00026-00009584-00009910": "from city to city so I do acknowledge that", "ezOM58ob--E-00027-00009910-00010267": "not everything I say will apply to everybody in this room but I hope that", "ezOM58ob--E-00028-00010267-00010420": "everybody can take something away from this.", "ezOM58ob--E-00029-00010420-00010825": "Why am I here today?", "ezOM58ob--E-00030-00010825-00011279": "I am here to help people run better companies", "ezOM58ob--E-00031-00011279-00011771": "by making teams and leaders happier.  So how many of you", "ezOM58ob--E-00032-00011771-00012104": "are business owners were leaders within your organization in some way?", "ezOM58ob--E-00033-00012104-00012670": "Excellent.  That's about right.", "ezOM58ob--E-00034-00012670-00013180": "I want to tell you story that was the", "ezOM58ob--E-00035-00013180-00013597": "inspiration for this whole talk. This is the \"Two Snacks a Day\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00036-00013597-00014019": "story.  In 2000, I worked at a startup", "ezOM58ob--E-00037-00014019-00014406": "just before I started college and this startup", "ezOM58ob--E-00038-00014406-00014769": "was like any other started during the dot-com bubble", "ezOM58ob--E-00039-00014769-00015128": "back in 2000.  They had a lot of money", "ezOM58ob--E-00040-00015128-00015487": "and they had no idea what to do with it so they thought that the best way to", "ezOM58ob--E-00041-00015487-00015612": "spend their money was on", "ezOM58ob--E-00042-00015612-00015966": "benefits for their employees.  They did all kinds of unusual things.", "ezOM58ob--E-00043-00015966-00016354": "One of the many many many things that they did", "ezOM58ob--E-00044-00016354-00016750": "that cost a lot of money was they had a lot of snacks", "ezOM58ob--E-00045-00016750-00017125": "and drinks and things for everybody to eat and", "ezOM58ob--E-00046-00017125-00017497": "you know be comfortable throughout the day.  A lot of companies do this.", "ezOM58ob--E-00047-00017497-00017812": "But at some point during", "ezOM58ob--E-00048-00017812-00018258": "the six months or so that I worked there somebody send an email", "ezOM58ob--E-00049-00018258-00019026": "and the email said everybody can only have two snacks per day.", "ezOM58ob--E-00050-00019026-00019418": "We used to have unlimited snacks and Cokes and", "ezOM58ob--E-00051-00019419-00019848": "whatever it is we wanted to drink I but now suddenly we were limited to two snacks.", "ezOM58ob--E-00052-00019848-00020198": "What do you think that did to the team?", "ezOM58ob--E-00053-00020198-00020535": "Everybody started wondering, \"Are we going out of business?", "ezOM58ob--E-00054-00020535-00020850": "Why can't the afford for me three snacks a day", "ezOM58ob--E-00055-00020850-00021220": "or for snacks a day?  How much does a snack", "ezOM58ob--E-00056-00021220-00021616": "cost?  Is it fifty cents?  Is a dollar?", "ezOM58ob--E-00057-00021616-00021963": "How many people work at this company?  40 ... okay.", "ezOM58ob--E-00058-00021963-00022292": "If forty people are spending an extra", "ezOM58ob--E-00059-00022292-00022670": "snack a day, an extra dollar day, that's forty dollars a day,", "ezOM58ob--E-00060-00022670-00023135": "that's two hundred dollars a week, that's eight hundred dollars a month.  Are we going to go out", "ezOM58ob--E-00061-00023136-00023546": "of business because of all the snacks we eat?  Is eight hundred dollars a month", "ezOM58ob--E-00062-00023547-00023913": "really going to help company survive if they have to cut back", "ezOM58ob--E-00063-00023913-00024251": "by that much?  Who's in charge of policing", "ezOM58ob--E-00064-00024251-00024765": "the snacks that we eat?  Is my co-worker going to tell on me", "ezOM58ob--E-00065-00024765-00025159": "when I eat three sacks?  Do I get to carry over snacks?", "ezOM58ob--E-00066-00025159-00025500": "If I eat only one on a Monday, can I eat three on a Tuesday?", "ezOM58ob--E-00067-00025500-00025798": "Is that okay?\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00068-00025798-00025985": "This stops making sense pretty quickly right?", "ezOM58ob--E-00069-00025985-00026311": "It changed the entire culture.  People thought we were going out of business,", "ezOM58ob--E-00070-00026311-00026658": "people started telling other people because \"Todd\" had too many snacks", "ezOM58ob--E-00071-00026658-00027008": "yesterday.  It cost 50 cents", "ezOM58ob--E-00072-00027008-00027419": "for a snack, right?   That's an example of", "ezOM58ob--E-00073-00027419-00027744": "a bad culture.  That was a big mistake that was made", "ezOM58ob--E-00074-00027744-00028107": "that organization and towards the end my time there", "ezOM58ob--E-00075-00028107-00028836": "they were bought, and they eventually went out of business.  So let's start by defining culture.", "ezOM58ob--E-00076-00028836-00029395": "What do I mean by culture?  Culture is defined", "ezOM58ob--E-00077-00029395-00029702": "as the behaviors and believes characteristic", "ezOM58ob--E-00078-00029702-00030251": "of a  social, ethnic, or age group.  Your company", "ezOM58ob--E-00079-00030251-00030741": "where you work is a social group.  You spend about a third of your life there.", "ezOM58ob--E-00080-00030741-00031045": "That's about as much time as you spend with your family.", "ezOM58ob--E-00081-00031195-00031788": "The culture also effects how you think and feel about a group.", "ezOM58ob--E-00082-00031788-00031952": "when you think about a culture,", "ezOM58ob--E-00083-00031952-00032292": "you have some positive feelings and some negative feelings.", "ezOM58ob--E-00084-00032292-00032556": "I  want to run an experiment right now, and I've", "ezOM58ob--E-00085-00032557-00032952": "never done this before so bear with me. The experiment is:", "ezOM58ob--E-00086-00032952-00033266": "what is the culture of the United States?", "ezOM58ob--E-00087-00033266-00033642": "Just think about that for a moment.", "ezOM58ob--E-00088-00033642-00033896": "I'm going to show you some images", "ezOM58ob--E-00089-00033896-00034328": "and I want you to think about what culture means", "ezOM58ob--E-00090-00034328-00035028": "and how these images make you feel.", "ezOM58ob--E-00091-00040133-00040628": "How did those images make you feel?", "ezOM58ob--E-00092-00040628-00041172": "Like America?  American?  What else?  You will not offend me, I promise you.", "ezOM58ob--E-00093-00041172-00041519": "I put some kinda disturbing images in there.", "ezOM58ob--E-00094-00041519-00041922": "I kept it pretty light but what are some other thoughts?", "ezOM58ob--E-00095-00041922-00042309": "What do you think of when you think of the culture of the United States?", "ezOM58ob--E-00096-00042309-00042652": "What?", "ezOM58ob--E-00097-00042652-00043062": "Very familiar.  Where you from?  You're from Colombia.", "ezOM58ob--E-00098-00043062-00043762": "Anything else?", "ezOM58ob--E-00099-00043804-00044504": "... focused on ego ... egocentric", "ezOM58ob--E-00100-00045088-00045444": "The class struggles is very much a part of the culture.  One last one.", "ezOM58ob--E-00101-00045444-00045644": "Yes sir?", "ezOM58ob--E-00102-00046082-00046282": "Dichotomy?", "ezOM58ob--E-00103-00046283-00046793": "A dissonance between the image that's portrayed what's actually happening in society.", "ezOM58ob--E-00104-00046803-00047419": "These are the feelings that we have around the culture", "ezOM58ob--E-00105-00047419-00047891": "of the United States.  But this culture has many layers.", "ezOM58ob--E-00106-00047891-00048477": "We focused on national culture but there are many different layers to what we define of as culture.", "ezOM58ob--E-00107-00048478-00048977": "There's human culture, for example.  Psychologists know", "ezOM58ob--E-00108-00048977-00049296": "that we have certain universal motions,", "ezOM58ob--E-00109-00049296-00049715": "facial expressions, ways that we express ourselves, body language.", "ezOM58ob--E-00110-00049715-00050099": "So of it is divided into nations or other small groups", "ezOM58ob--E-00111-00050099-00050762": "but for the most part a smile means you're happy and a frown means you're sad.", "ezOM58ob--E-00112-00050762-00051018": "Psychologists have tested this all over the world", "ezOM58ob--E-00113-00051022-00051406": "even among some tribes that have barely been contacted.", "ezOM58ob--E-00114-00051406-00052054": "There's some universal human truths within a universal human culture.", "ezOM58ob--E-00115-00052054-00052302": "We also have a culture around our language.", "ezOM58ob--E-00116-00052302-00052694": "They're many countries that speak Spanish, many countries that speak English.", "ezOM58ob--E-00117-00052694-00052905": "It spans multiple nations.", "ezOM58ob--E-00118-00052905-00053374": "Neurologists have found that there's an assumption we have", "ezOM58ob--E-00119-00053374-00053574": "about how language works in the brain that is wrong.", "ezOM58ob--E-00120-00053627-00053939": "Common sense says", "ezOM58ob--E-00121-00053939-00054239": "that our language", "ezOM58ob--E-00122-00054239-00054543": "exists to express our thoughts.", "ezOM58ob--E-00123-00054543-00054905": "We have thoughts, language provieds them with structure", "ezOM58ob--E-00124-00054905-00055088": "and that's how we communicate them to one another.", "ezOM58ob--E-00125-00055088-00055470": "It turns out that's actually not true, it's the opposite.", "ezOM58ob--E-00126-00055470-00055864": "If you don't have language, you do not have thought", "ezOM58ob--E-00127-00055864-00056251": "they have found people who were raised in", "ezOM58ob--E-00128-00056251-00056625": "terrible situations where they did not have exposure to language", "ezOM58ob--E-00129-00056625-00056960": "and it turns out that they did not really possess thought as we know it.", "ezOM58ob--E-00130-00056960-00057317": "Language physically shapes", "ezOM58ob--E-00131-00057317-00057758": "and alters our brain.  So it stands to reason", "ezOM58ob--E-00132-00057758-00058274": "that the way your language works changes your brain.  The grammar", "ezOM58ob--E-00133-00058274-00058595": "structure Spanish creates a different brain", "ezOM58ob--E-00134-00058595-00058937": "than the grammar and language and structure of", "ezOM58ob--E-00135-00058937-00059242": "English or German or Chinese or Japanese.", "ezOM58ob--E-00136-00059242-00059670": "That's a kind of culture that spans", "ezOM58ob--E-00137-00059670-00060204": "borders.  Obviously, there's national culture.", "ezOM58ob--E-00138-00060204-00060527": "When we say culture, this is usually what we mean.  We talk about nations.", "ezOM58ob--E-00139-00060527-00060833": "We also have local culture.", "ezOM58ob--E-00140-00060833-00061266": "Bogota is different than Medellin.  New York City", "ezOM58ob--E-00141-00061266-00061567": "is different than Los Angeles.  They're very different places.", "ezOM58ob--E-00142-00061567-00062248": "Some cities walk fast, and there's a lot of stress, or there's good public transit or there's not.", "ezOM58ob--E-00143-00062248-00062619": "You look at a city like Los Angeles, you have to drive to get anywhere.", "ezOM58ob--E-00144-00062619-00063004": "And then there is the culture of the self.", "ezOM58ob--E-00145-00063004-00063494": "We are all individual, we all have different ancestry and family influences", "ezOM58ob--E-00146-00063495-00063861": "we as individuals behave like.  So we each have our own", "ezOM58ob--E-00147-00063861-00064166": "individual culture.  So here we are", "ezOM58ob--E-00148-00064166-00064597": "the levels of culture.  This is what I'm talking about", "ezOM58ob--E-00149-00064597-00064973": "when I say culture I mean all these things.", "ezOM58ob--E-00150-00065162-00065678": "The second part of this is empowerment.", "ezOM58ob--E-00151-00065682-00066470": "First, I mean the autonomy to decide what you will do and ho you will do it.", "ezOM58ob--E-00152-00066620-00067196": "Second, the freedom to challenge without fear of reprisal.", "ezOM58ob--E-00153-00067197-00067617": "Sharing your thoughts and feelings, not being afraid to", "ezOM58ob--E-00154-00067617-00068135": "say something that somebody disagrees with, speaking your mind.", "ezOM58ob--E-00155-00068135-00068451": "The power to affect change.", "ezOM58ob--E-00156-00068452-00069152": "The ability to actually do something to make something different.", "ezOM58ob--E-00157-00069152-00069619": "Finally (excuse me) ownership of outcomes.", "ezOM58ob--E-00158-00069623-00069993": "You cannot be empowered unless you are responsible", "ezOM58ob--E-00159-00069993-00070351": "for what happens.  If you're not responsible for what happens,", "ezOM58ob--E-00160-00070351-00070829": "how can you actually be empowered to do anything?", "ezOM58ob--E-00161-00070898-00071418": "Empowerment comes from autonomy, freedom, power", "ezOM58ob--E-00162-00071418-00071803": "and ownership and ultimately it means controlling your destiny,", "ezOM58ob--E-00163-00071803-00072370": "what you're going to do professionally and personally.", "ezOM58ob--E-00164-00072370-00072864": "Why does it matter?  Why is it important?", "ezOM58ob--E-00165-00072864-00073098": "Empowerment makes teams happy", "ezOM58ob--E-00166-00073098-00073506": "Teams that are empowered are more productive,", "ezOM58ob--E-00167-00073506-00073890": "they enjoy their work more, quality of work goes up,", "ezOM58ob--E-00168-00073890-00074290": "they pay more attention to details, people want to stick around,", "ezOM58ob--E-00169-00074290-00074715": "you have higher retention, just a better place to work.", "ezOM58ob--E-00170-00074862-00075180": "Empowerment will make your clients happy.", "ezOM58ob--E-00171-00075180-00075454": "The positive feelings of your team", "ezOM58ob--E-00172-00075454-00075888": "and the quality of work that they deliver will feed into the work that they do for your clients", "ezOM58ob--E-00173-00075889-00076312": "They're happy, they do better work, they deliver better results to the clients,", "ezOM58ob--E-00174-00076312-00076574": "and the client's pick up on this energy.", "ezOM58ob--E-00175-00076574-00076828": "They pick up on whether people are happy or sad in", "ezOM58ob--E-00176-00076829-00077193": "your organization, how people respond, the tone in her voice", "ezOM58ob--E-00177-00077193-00077621": "the word choice they use in email.", "ezOM58ob--E-00178-00077621-00078100": "Additionally, if your team is empowered, everybody has the ability", "ezOM58ob--E-00179-00078100-00078486": "to do what it takes to solve the client's problems, so", "ezOM58ob--E-00180-00078486-00079132": "everybody can do something for the client.  Finally, empowerment enables leadership.", "ezOM58ob--E-00181-00079132-00079520": "so for the leaders in the room, the company owners, or the managers or supervisors,", "ezOM58ob--E-00182-00079521-00079831": "this means less work for you", "ezOM58ob--E-00183-00079831-00080225": "so that you can focus on bigger problems,", "ezOM58ob--E-00184-00080225-00080716": "long-term issues, planning for the future. If they're", "ezOM58ob--E-00185-00080716-00081125": "fewer things that you have to decide micromanage, you can", "ezOM58ob--E-00186-00081125-00081825": "redirect all that attention to bigger problems or more interesting things.", "ezOM58ob--E-00187-00081976-00082260": "In a moment, I'm going to talk about very specific", "ezOM58ob--E-00188-00082260-00082622": "tactical things that we've done to empower our team", "ezOM58ob--E-00189-00082622-00082975": "but first I want to talk about the underlying principles", "ezOM58ob--E-00190-00082975-00083377": "that guided those decisions.", "ezOM58ob--E-00191-00083378-00083804": "The guiding principles of empowerment.", "ezOM58ob--E-00192-00083804-00084130": "Build a company you want to work for,", "ezOM58ob--E-00193-00084130-00084422": "not a company you want to control.", "ezOM58ob--E-00194-00084422-00084730": "For the business owners in the room,", "ezOM58ob--E-00195-00084730-00085096": "why did you start a business?", "ezOM58ob--E-00196-00085096-00085340": "Why did you start your business?", "ezOM58ob--E-00197-00085340-00085705": "Anybody?  Change the world?", "ezOM58ob--E-00198-00085705-00086422": "Somebody made the money sign so that's fair.  Let's acknowledge that.", "ezOM58ob--E-00199-00086422-00086722": "To do what you want.", "ezOM58ob--E-00200-00087101-00087475": "To work the way you want.", "ezOM58ob--E-00201-00087475-00087925": "To be empowered.  To do what you want and do it the way you want to do it.", "ezOM58ob--E-00202-00087925-00088114": "Be responsible for the outcomes.", "ezOM58ob--E-00203-00088115-00088446": "Whether you succeed changing world, making money,", "ezOM58ob--E-00204-00088446-00088752": "whatever, you did it because you want to be empowered.", "ezOM58ob--E-00205-00088752-00089106": "So make that company that you want to work for.", "ezOM58ob--E-00206-00089106-00089532": "You have to empower other people.", "ezOM58ob--E-00207-00089532-00089770": "Give people control over their destiny.", "ezOM58ob--E-00208-00089771-00090157": "Treat your coworkers as responsible professionals.", "ezOM58ob--E-00209-00090157-00090483": "They are adults, they know what they're doing.", "ezOM58ob--E-00210-00090483-00090659": "They can collaborate with you.", "ezOM58ob--E-00211-00090660-00091205": "They're not children that you should manage.  This leads to mutual respect", "ezOM58ob--E-00212-00091205-00091550": "In the knowledge industry, in what we do,", "ezOM58ob--E-00213-00091550-00092036": "design, technology, development, people are very self-motivated.", "ezOM58ob--E-00214-00092036-00092516": "they had to teach themselves how to do this there are very few schools that teach what we do.", "ezOM58ob--E-00215-00092516-00093114": "These are generally people who want the freedom of freelancing,", "ezOM58ob--E-00216-00093114-00093368": "of being contractors and they often", "ezOM58ob--E-00217-00093368-00093787": "only get a job when they feel like they can't make it", "ezOM58ob--E-00218-00093787-00094179": "as a freelancer but they still want that freedom.", "ezOM58ob--E-00219-00094179-00094591": "They want to do what they want, how they want to do it.", "ezOM58ob--E-00220-00094591-00095014": "And most importantly, let them succeed or fail.  You have to let people fail.", "ezOM58ob--E-00221-00095015-00095463": "it's the best way to learn and it's authentic.", "ezOM58ob--E-00222-00095463-00096270": "Finally, make trust the center of your culture.  Trust facilitates empowerment so you can't", "ezOM58ob--E-00223-00096273-00096704": "actually empower someone until you trust them and they won't", "ezOM58ob--E-00224-00096704-00097087": "act on that empowerment, they won't believe you, until they trust you", "ezOM58ob--E-00225-00097087-00097414": "to let them succeed or fail.", "ezOM58ob--E-00226-00097414-00097966": "This means you, as the manager or business owner have to be the first", "ezOM58ob--E-00227-00097966-00098355": "to volunteer your mistakes.  You have to be vulnerable", "ezOM58ob--E-00228-00098355-00098690": "you have to explain that you made a mistake,", "ezOM58ob--E-00229-00098690-00099006": "explain why, explain how you're going to fix it", "ezOM58ob--E-00230-00099006-00099614": "and expect that from everybody else.", "ezOM58ob--E-00231-00099678-00100112": "For the rest the presentation I want to talk about very specific things that we've done", "ezOM58ob--E-00232-00100113-00100549": "in order to try and achieve this.  Now these are just a few,", "ezOM58ob--E-00233-00100549-00100863": "there are many other things that can be done.", "ezOM58ob--E-00234-00100863-00101202": "I also want to turn this into a conversation.", "ezOM58ob--E-00235-00101202-00101900": "I want to leave plenty of time at the end for comments, questions, arguments, whatever.", "ezOM58ob--E-00236-00101900-00102164": "I've already talked about how important language is", "ezOM58ob--E-00237-00102164-00102583": "because language shapes the brain.  It physically alters your brain.", "ezOM58ob--E-00238-00102583-00103311": "The words you use are very important.  It's a bit of a corporate cliche", "ezOM58ob--E-00239-00103313-00103815": "to say, \"there is no \"I\" in team\" but it's a cliche", "ezOM58ob--E-00240-00103815-00104389": "and we all laugh at it because most people who say it don't mean it.  But it's still true.", "ezOM58ob--E-00241-00104389-00104878": "If you mean it authentically, it's very powerful.", "ezOM58ob--E-00242-00104878-00105378": "Language is thought.  It doesn't express thought, it is thought.", "ezOM58ob--E-00243-00105378-00105720": "When you say \"we\" instead of \"I\",", "ezOM58ob--E-00244-00105720-00106288": "you're demonstrating how you actually think not just the words that you're saying.", "ezOM58ob--E-00245-00106288-00107016": "We are a team.  I don't like the \"e\" word, employees.", "ezOM58ob--E-00246-00107016-00107208": "I don't like that word.", "ezOM58ob--E-00247-00107208-00107561": "It immediately creates a structure.", "ezOM58ob--E-00248-00107561-00108061": "Don't ever say \"my employees\".  You don't own them.", "ezOM58ob--E-00249-00108063-00108433": "They aren't yours.  They're there because they want to be there", "ezOM58ob--E-00250-00108433-00108842": "and if you keep treating them like that they won't.", "ezOM58ob--E-00251-00108842-00109383": "\"We\" not \"I\".  \"Team\" not \"employees\".", "ezOM58ob--E-00252-00109533-00110048": "Ask for input everyday in big ways, in small ways.", "ezOM58ob--E-00253-00110048-00110506": "People want to be heard more then they want to be agreed with.", "ezOM58ob--E-00254-00110507-00111202": "I'll say that one more time because it's really important.  People want to be heard", "ezOM58ob--E-00255-00111202-00111602": "more then they want to be agreed with.", "ezOM58ob--E-00256-00111602-00112126": "It doesn't matter if you agree with them.", "ezOM58ob--E-00257-00112126-00112488": "What matters is that you heard their problems,", "ezOM58ob--E-00258-00112488-00112802": "you listen to them and you thought about them.", "ezOM58ob--E-00259-00112802-00113090": "A lot of people also have an open-door policy.", "ezOM58ob--E-00260-00113090-00113568": "That's great!  You should have that, but having an open door", "ezOM58ob--E-00261-00113569-00114123": "is very different from inviting somebody into the room.  You have to actively", "ezOM58ob--E-00262-00114123-00114425": "get people, bring them into the room and talk to them.", "ezOM58ob--E-00263-00114425-00114780": "You have to set aside time, well in advance,", "ezOM58ob--E-00264-00114780-00115184": "with an agenda to say this is what we're going to talk about", "ezOM58ob--E-00265-00115184-00115542": "I want honest feedback about this,", "ezOM58ob--E-00266-00115542-00115868": "so they have time to think about it and they're not put on the spot.", "ezOM58ob--E-00267-00115868-00116215": "Ask the right questions.", "ezOM58ob--E-00268-00116215-00116677": "Don't ask, \"how are things going?\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00269-00116755-00116963": "What does everybody say?  Their fine.", "ezOM58ob--E-00270-00116963-00117160": "\"How are you?\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00271-00117160-00117280": "\"I'm fine.\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00272-00117280-00117502": "\"What did you do today?\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00273-00117502-00117702": "\"Not much.\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00274-00117748-00118188": "Ask specific questions that elicit imprtant answers.", "ezOM58ob--E-00275-00118270-00118702": "\"What's the most proud you have been this last month?\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00276-00118854-00119308": "\"If you could change one thing about this company right now, what would it be?\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00277-00119372-00119776": "\"What's the most difficult challenge you've overcome this year?\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00278-00119928-00120420": "Suddenly those answers go from, \"Everything's fine\" to \"Oh, well there's all these things.", "ezOM58ob--E-00279-00120421-00120907": "Now that I'm thinking about it, now that you've activated that part of my brain,", "ezOM58ob--E-00280-00120907-00121291": "I have all kinda stuff to say.\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00281-00121376-00122124": "When I was creating this presentation, I took a poll of our team to ask, \"Are we actually doing these things?\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00282-00122125-00122415": "\"What are some things that we're doing that I didn't mention?\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00283-00122416-00122732": "\"What are things that I'm saying we're doing and we're not?\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00284-00122732-00123156": "In this presentation, I got input from our team.", "ezOM58ob--E-00285-00123404-00123790": "Provide feedback channels that are accessible,", "ezOM58ob--E-00286-00123792-00124139": "non argumentative and genuine.", "ezOM58ob--E-00287-00124139-00124975": "Half that is corporate speak and half of that are just really big words so I'll break it down a little bit.", "ezOM58ob--E-00288-00125154-00125668": "Feedback channels, ways to communicate, they should be accessible.", "ezOM58ob--E-00289-00125669-00126134": "Meaning if you want to get feedback through email", "ezOM58ob--E-00290-00126134-00126393": "you should be checking your email and responding to it.", "ezOM58ob--E-00291-00126393-00126616": "It should be easy for people to get a hold of you.", "ezOM58ob--E-00292-00126616-00127054": "There should be a system.  There should be expectations.", "ezOM58ob--E-00293-00127054-00127726": "Non-argumentative.  Meaning, you're not gonna fight about", "ezOM58ob--E-00294-00127726-00128166": "when somebody gives you feedback, they should not expect to fight.", "ezOM58ob--E-00295-00128166-00128788": "They should expected to be heard, not necessarily agreed with but heard and understood.", "ezOM58ob--E-00296-00128789-00129167": "And in someway, acted upon.  Even if that action is to do nothing.", "ezOM58ob--E-00297-00129239-00129778": "Finally, genuine.  You have to really mean it you can't just say, \"Here's a survey, please fill it out.\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00298-00129778-00130213": "and then not look it.  You have to actually look at it, think about it and", "ezOM58ob--E-00299-00130213-00130682": "analyze the results.  \"What does it mean that these four people said this and", "ezOM58ob--E-00300-00130682-00130980": "these 10 people said that?\"  It's really important.", "ezOM58ob--E-00301-00131130-00131786": "How many of you have heard about Toyota's Andon Cord?", "ezOM58ob--E-00302-00131786-00132204": "Toyota the car company has a manufacturing line", "ezOM58ob--E-00303-00132266-00132890": "and they have this cord that runs all along the entire stretch of the line.", "ezOM58ob--E-00304-00132890-00133314": "Anybody can reach up and pull it anytime and it stops the line.", "ezOM58ob--E-00305-00133314-00133686": "The entire production line stops.", "ezOM58ob--E-00306-00133686-00134114": "Now, if this were an American car company, like Ford,", "ezOM58ob--E-00307-00134115-00134515": "you cannot stop the line.  The line keeps going.", "ezOM58ob--E-00308-00134515-00134691": "It doesn't matter if you saw something that's broken,", "ezOM58ob--E-00309-00134691-00135122": "you to say, \"Hey that's broken.  Uhh, I'm gonna put a note on it.\"  Keep going.", "ezOM58ob--E-00310-00135122-00135513": "How many times we done that in the project?   \"That code doesn't look good\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00311-00135513-00135972": "\"That CSS doesn't make a lot of sense but ... gotta ship it!\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00312-00135972-00136306": "\"Keep going.  Somebody else did it but I don't have time.\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00313-00136306-00136610": "\"More stuff is coming down the production line.  Gotta keep going.\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00314-00136610-00137140": "Toyota has this cord, the Andon Cord.  It a Japanese word.", "ezOM58ob--E-00315-00137300-00137830": "What makes the cord powerful is that pulling it does not mean you get in trouble.", "ezOM58ob--E-00316-00137830-00138184": "When you pull the cord, supervisors do not come running over and say,", "ezOM58ob--E-00317-00138184-00138521": "\"Why did you do that? What are you doing? Do you realize how much money we're losing?", "ezOM58ob--E-00318-00138521-00138852": "We're losing a million dollars an hour because you pulled that cord.\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00319-00138852-00139238": "They don't do that.  If they did that, nobody would pull the cord.", "ezOM58ob--E-00320-00139238-00139714": "One person would do that once and they'd react like that, and that'd be the end of it.", "ezOM58ob--E-00321-00139714-00140074": "Nobody would ever pull it over again.  That's what I mean by", "ezOM58ob--E-00322-00140074-00140582": "accessible, non argumentative and genuine.  When somebody pulls the cord,", "ezOM58ob--E-00323-00140582-00140906": "a supervisor walks over and says,", "ezOM58ob--E-00324-00140906-00141594": "\"What can we do to fix this?  What did you see that was wrong?  How can we improve it?\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00325-00141594-00142004": "and they will keep that line stopped as long as possible to fix the problem.", "ezOM58ob--E-00326-00142062-00142528": "They lose a lot of money doing it but ultimately, the team is happier and", "ezOM58ob--E-00327-00142528-00142970": "Toyota cars are very reliable.", "ezOM58ob--E-00328-00143098-00143314": "Hire the right people.", "ezOM58ob--E-00329-00143314-00143740": "This is kind of obvious so I'll dig into it a little bit.", "ezOM58ob--E-00330-00143762-00144246": "You want to make sure that the people you hire share your values", "ezOM58ob--E-00331-00144247-00144589": "and those values should be defined.", "ezOM58ob--E-00332-00144589-00145399": "You can't just say, \"They're not a fit\" and not have the criteria for what a fit is.", "ezOM58ob--E-00333-00145554-00146170": "Think about your company and what you stand for.  What do you want your company to be?", "ezOM58ob--E-00334-00146170-00146584": "What are the things that define your culture?  Write them down.", "ezOM58ob--E-00335-00146584-00146957": "Make them meaningful and genuine.", "ezOM58ob--E-00336-00146957-00147292": "Publish them.  Put them online.", "ezOM58ob--E-00337-00147292-00147876": "Be held accountable for them and now you have rules that help you decide,", "ezOM58ob--E-00338-00147876-00148376": "\"Should I hire this person?  Should we spend money on this event?", "ezOM58ob--E-00339-00148376-00148680": "Should be except work from this client?\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00340-00148680-00148984": "If there's ever a question go back to your values", "ezOM58ob--E-00341-00148984-00149352": "they should help you answer those questions.", "ezOM58ob--E-00342-00149352-00149644": "In hiring the right people, there's", "ezOM58ob--E-00343-00149644-00149972": "a little bit the test I like to do.", "ezOM58ob--E-00344-00149972-00150368": "I call it 'The Airport Test'.", "ezOM58ob--E-00345-00150388-00150800": "That name was invented by a guy named Greg Mattison", "ezOM58ob--E-00346-00150800-00151123": "who is still very well known in the Drupal community.", "ezOM58ob--E-00347-00151248-00151768": "The Airport Test is the idea that", "ezOM58ob--E-00348-00151768-00152194": "you are stuck in an airport for three hours, for five hours,", "ezOM58ob--E-00349-00152195-00152758": "for 10 hours with this person.  What does that feel like?", "ezOM58ob--E-00350-00152758-00153159": "You're waiting for you flight, it's late, and you want to go home.", "ezOM58ob--E-00351-00153159-00153516": "You've been working all week and you're tired, you're irritable.", "ezOM58ob--E-00352-00153516-00154025": "What is it like to be with this person? Are they gonna start saying things that", "ezOM58ob--E-00353-00154025-00154211": "you don't feel fit with your values?", "ezOM58ob--E-00354-00154211-00154551": "They might have certain attitudes that you don't really share about", "ezOM58ob--E-00355-00154551-00154966": "how to treat other people or are they gonna get really angry about", "ezOM58ob--E-00356-00154966-00155194": "the fact that they're sitting and waiting and you're not the kinda person", "ezOM58ob--E-00357-00155194-00155417": "wants to get really angry about waiting.", "ezOM58ob--E-00358-00155490-00155690": "Think through that.", "ezOM58ob--E-00359-00156046-00156604": "This is one we did a couple years ago.  We went virtual.", "ezOM58ob--E-00360-00156658-00157296": "This means a lot of different things.   Some people call this 'Distributed' or 'Distributed Team'.", "ezOM58ob--E-00361-00157624-00157937": "Some people don't like the word virtual because it makes it seem like", "ezOM58ob--E-00362-00157937-00158240": "your company isn't real.  It's virtual as opposed to real.", "ezOM58ob--E-00363-00158240-00158575": "What it means is you don't necessarily have an office and you don't necessarily", "ezOM58ob--E-00364-00158575-00158858": "come to the same place everyday.", "ezOM58ob--E-00365-00158858-00159379": "How many of you work for distributed companies or virtual companies?", "ezOM58ob--E-00366-00159379-00159703": "Keep your hands up if you don't mind.", "ezOM58ob--E-00367-00159704-00160246": "How many of you really like it?", "ezOM58ob--E-00368-00160247-00160639": "Did anybody's hands go down?  I didn't see any.", "ezOM58ob--E-00369-00160639-00161240": "When done well it works. It's great.  Why?  Because your empowered.", "ezOM58ob--E-00370-00161240-00161585": "You can live where you want.  You can", "ezOM58ob--E-00371-00161585-00162119": "set your own schedule to some degree.  If you want to move to a new city", "ezOM58ob--E-00372-00162119-00162640": "or if you have to move to the city for family reasons or whatever, you have the freedom to do so.", "ezOM58ob--E-00373-00162640-00163036": "You don't have to give up your job to do that.  That's really important.", "ezOM58ob--E-00374-00163054-00163358": "It allows a lot of flexibility.", "ezOM58ob--E-00375-00163358-00163996": "If you work with people who like to travel in unusual ways like", "ezOM58ob--E-00376-00163996-00164480": "get on a boat and go up and down the coast", "ezOM58ob--E-00377-00164480-00164798": "for six months but as long as you have an Internet connection", "ezOM58ob--E-00378-00164798-00165172": "and certain number office hours were they're working and they're doing good work,", "ezOM58ob--E-00379-00165173-00165478": "what does it matter if they're on a boat, or in a house,", "ezOM58ob--E-00380-00165478-00165967": "or in an office. The fact that you can grant that person that freedom is", "ezOM58ob--E-00381-00165967-00166335": "incredible and  very empowering.", "ezOM58ob--E-00382-00166340-00167024": "very closely related, let your team set their own schedules.  Allow flexible work schedules.", "ezOM58ob--E-00383-00167025-00167576": "Where possible, consider something like an open vacation policy.", "ezOM58ob--E-00384-00167576-00167928": "Some people call this an unlimited paid leave policy.", "ezOM58ob--E-00385-00168106-00168590": "The idea is, take as much vacation as you need when you need it.", "ezOM58ob--E-00386-00168591-00168979": "That's it.  Nobody's tracking it.", "ezOM58ob--E-00387-00168979-00169338": "That seems a little crazy to some people", "ezOM58ob--E-00388-00169338-00169773": "but here's the thing, if they abuse that policy", "ezOM58ob--E-00389-00169774-00170336": "they're not the right fit because they're letting their teammates down.", "ezOM58ob--E-00390-00170574-00171156": "So work with your team to schedule flexible time, to figure out when you can take time off,", "ezOM58ob--E-00391-00171157-00171573": "and take the time off you need.  It's very empowering.", "ezOM58ob--E-00392-00171573-00172032": "Many people in our industry want to be freelancers.", "ezOM58ob--E-00393-00172032-00172380": "They want to be contractors.  Why do people want to be freelancers?", "ezOM58ob--E-00394-00172380-00172765": "Because of this.  They can work", "ezOM58ob--E-00395-00172765-00173190": "only in the morning or only in the evening or four days a week,", "ezOM58ob--E-00396-00173190-00173570": "not five or take a month off in the year to travel", "ezOM58ob--E-00397-00173570-00173876": "because the whole family takes a month off.", "ezOM58ob--E-00398-00174192-00174810": "You should invest time and money in your team's success.  Time and money.", "ezOM58ob--E-00399-00174958-00175508": "This means giving people a budget for professional development.  Allowing them to", "ezOM58ob--E-00400-00175509-00176038": "travel to events like this if you can and the time off to have these conversations.", "ezOM58ob--E-00401-00176038-00176492": "How many people in the last two days, because we're almost at the end of the second day,", "ezOM58ob--E-00402-00176492-00177068": "how many people have learned something here at DrupalCon in the last two days?", "ezOM58ob--E-00403-00177298-00177630": "Everybody, even if you didn't raise your hand.  I know you did.", "ezOM58ob--E-00404-00177824-00178366": "That was worth it.  You're going to take back the inspiration", "ezOM58ob--E-00405-00178369-00178772": "and the energy and the ideas and everything else that you learned", "ezOM58ob--E-00406-00178772-00179136": "to your organization.  Whether you", "ezOM58ob--E-00407-00179136-00179760": "teach them what you learn or if you just go back with a better attitude, it was worth it.", "ezOM58ob--E-00408-00179950-00180530": "Allow them the time and give them some kind of a budget if you can to invest in their own development", "ezOM58ob--E-00409-00180834-00181104": "This is a really important one for us", "ezOM58ob--E-00410-00181104-00181563": "and I think this one actually scares people more than anything else.", "ezOM58ob--E-00411-00181563-00181951": "Encourage personal brands.", "ezOM58ob--E-00412-00182100-00182378": "See, he didn't like it.", "ezOM58ob--E-00413-00182664-00183224": "A personal brand is the idea that you are really good at what you do", "ezOM58ob--E-00414-00183224-00183616": "and you were known for what you do if you want to be known.", "ezOM58ob--E-00415-00183616-00183794": "People recognize you", "ezOM58ob--E-00416-00183794-00184303": "and they want to talk to you and if you like to write blog posts about what you do, you can do that.", "ezOM58ob--E-00417-00184542-00185176": "Some company owners get really afraid when people they work with", "ezOM58ob--E-00418-00185176-00185708": "start to become famous, because they're afraid they're going to leave.", "ezOM58ob--E-00419-00185708-00186261": "If you're afraid that the people you work with are going to leave", "ezOM58ob--E-00420-00186261-00186683": "because they're going to get too good at their job and too well-known,", "ezOM58ob--E-00421-00186683-00187169": "then there's something wrong with your organization.", "ezOM58ob--E-00422-00187169-00187656": "Because what are you doing?  You're deliberately holding them back.", "ezOM58ob--E-00423-00187710-00188082": "You're not allowing them the time or the budget to get good at what they do.", "ezOM58ob--E-00424-00188082-00188282": "You're stifling them.", "ezOM58ob--E-00425-00188540-00189066": "That's a hard truth.  People don't want to hear that.  But if you're not allowing people", "ezOM58ob--E-00426-00189066-00189426": "to grow and allow them to leave if they", "ezOM58ob--E-00427-00189426-00189927": "really do get too good at their job and you can't sustain them at your", "ezOM58ob--E-00428-00189927-00190392": "organization, absolutely, you should help them find another place,", "ezOM58ob--E-00429-00190392-00191110": "another career.  Because they're not going to be happy with you and their work will suffer.", "ezOM58ob--E-00430-00191534-00192110": "We have an expression in English.  I have no idea if it translates: if you love something, set it free.", "ezOM58ob--E-00431-00192330-00192938": "If you really want people to succeed you have to let them go if they want.", "ezOM58ob--E-00432-00193096-00193570": "The benefit is, if you're the kind of organization that allows people to do this", "ezOM58ob--E-00433-00193610-00193942": "and celebrates it, they will almost certainly stay", "ezOM58ob--E-00434-00193942-00194342": "because they're happy there.", "ezOM58ob--E-00435-00194458-00195116": "This helps eliminate the \"I am NOT my job\" divide.", "ezOM58ob--E-00436-00195156-00195658": "In what we do, knowledge, work, web,", "ezOM58ob--E-00437-00195662-00196074": "technology, we are our jobs.", "ezOM58ob--E-00438-00196074-00196437": "We actually are.  We do take it home with us", "ezOM58ob--E-00439-00196437-00196902": "because we're passionate about it.  For some people, that's not the case and", "ezOM58ob--E-00440-00196902-00197418": "that's fine.  But for some organizations, it really is a passion.", "ezOM58ob--E-00441-00197418-00197978": "For people who are passionate about it they want to build personal brand.", "ezOM58ob--E-00442-00198300-00198874": "One final thought.  There's a lot of talk about work/life balance.", "ezOM58ob--E-00443-00199004-00199548": "I want to work some amount and I want to have a life outside of work and that's very healthy", "ezOM58ob--E-00444-00199548-00199978": "and everybody should have that.  That's very important.  But at the same time,", "ezOM58ob--E-00445-00199978-00200385": "I don't necessarily believe in work/life separation.", "ezOM58ob--E-00446-00200386-00200638": "I think that they're two things that should be in balance,", "ezOM58ob--E-00447-00200638-00201046": "but they're not necessarily entirely separate.", "ezOM58ob--E-00448-00201226-00201806": "If what you want to do is innovate and you really cool things in your organization and change the world,", "ezOM58ob--E-00449-00201822-00202450": "you're doing it 24 hours a day even in your sleep.  If that's the kind of organization you want to be", "ezOM58ob--E-00450-00202450-00203042": "you need to be that.  Own it.  If you don't want to do that, don't do that.  That's okay.", "ezOM58ob--E-00451-00203462-00204039": "Adopt agile methodologies.  Scrum, Con Bon,", "ezOM58ob--E-00452-00204039-00204341": "Extreme Programming", "ezOM58ob--E-00453-00204341-00204766": "pair per you know anything that allows you to work", "ezOM58ob--E-00454-00204766-00205153": "on a project in a more agile way and work with your clients", "ezOM58ob--E-00455-00205153-00205471": "in an agile way.", "ezOM58ob--E-00456-00205498-00206040": "Built into the core of agile development is the idea the team's self organize", "ezOM58ob--E-00457-00206040-00206350": "around projects and problems.", "ezOM58ob--E-00458-00206350-00206900": "The team decides what it's going to do, who's gonna work on it, when it's done.", "ezOM58ob--E-00459-00206900-00207376": "That's a lot of empowerment.  You're giving the team the control", "ezOM58ob--E-00460-00207376-00207736": "over what's going to be done in the project to some degree.", "ezOM58ob--E-00461-00207990-00208441": "Also built into empowerment is the idea of", "ezOM58ob--E-00462-00208441-00208792": "getting feedback.  Always ask for feedback every day", "ezOM58ob--E-00463-00208792-00209261": "constantly understand what's working and not working.  Agile methodologies", "ezOM58ob--E-00464-00209261-00209623": "has this idea  of retrospectives or retros.", "ezOM58ob--E-00465-00209623-00209941": "You do a retro at the end a", "ezOM58ob--E-00466-00209941-00210225": "a period of work, like a sprint.", "ezOM58ob--E-00467-00210225-00210654": "What went well?  What did not go well?  How can we improve?", "ezOM58ob--E-00468-00210655-00211071": "You're asking those every week or every two weeks,", "ezOM58ob--E-00469-00211071-00211517": "always getting feedback.", "ezOM58ob--E-00470-00211571-00211733": "Don't tell people how to do things.", "ezOM58ob--E-00471-00211733-00212138": "Give people goals.", "ezOM58ob--E-00472-00212138-00212694": "Let them figure out how to do it.  Do what you want, how you want to do it.", "ezOM58ob--E-00473-00212930-00213460": "The technology in the tools that you use in your organization should be decided by your team,", "ezOM58ob--E-00474-00213460-00213813": "not a manager.  The team is the one using them", "ezOM58ob--E-00475-00213813-00214296": "so if they don't like your project management tool,", "ezOM58ob--E-00476-00214296-00214652": "if they don't like Jira or", "ezOM58ob--E-00477-00214652-00215154": "other tools, if they really don't like it work with them to find another and switch.", "ezOM58ob--E-00478-00215154-00215417": "Because it's something we have to do all the time", "ezOM58ob--E-00479-00215417-00215671": "and every time they go into that thing they hate it,", "ezOM58ob--E-00480-00215671-00216156": "and then they hate you a little bit more because you picked it.  Let them pick it", "ezOM58ob--E-00481-00216156-00216509": "and if you try new thing it doesn't work,", "ezOM58ob--E-00482-00216509-00216904": "throw it away.  Do something else.  Yeah its painful, but", "ezOM58ob--E-00483-00216904-00217311": "the team sees how much you care about their input because", "ezOM58ob--E-00484-00217311-00217680": "you generally do.  You've invested in a new tool or new technology, you've spent", "ezOM58ob--E-00485-00217680-00217989": "all the time migrating to it.  You're working in it,", "ezOM58ob--E-00486-00217989-00218475": "didn't work well okay on to the next thing.", "ezOM58ob--E-00487-00218736-00219319": "Set boundaries beyond what the person currently feels.", "ezOM58ob--E-00488-00219319-00219761": "This is a little complicated.  Here's what I mean.", "ezOM58ob--E-00489-00219761-00220057": "Some people take power.", "ezOM58ob--E-00490-00220230-00220800": "Some people need to have their expectations set beyond what they currently believe", "ezOM58ob--E-00491-00220801-00221278": "in order to find that power.   Some people say, \"You know what?", "ezOM58ob--E-00492-00221278-00221621": "I'm gonna learn this thing over here because I want to get better", "ezOM58ob--E-00493-00221621-00222052": "my job.  I'm gonna do this thing I've never done before.  I'm gonna take over", "ezOM58ob--E-00494-00222052-00222264": "this story because it's not getting done", "ezOM58ob--E-00495-00222264-00222576": "and somebody needs to do it.  I'm gonna do it.\"  Some people", "ezOM58ob--E-00496-00222576-00223141": "are like that.  Some people are not.  If you really want to build a culture of", "ezOM58ob--E-00497-00223141-00223458": "empowerment and demonstrate that everybody can do this", "ezOM58ob--E-00498-00223458-00223834": "and it's not just up to the people who go out take it and then they get praised", "ezOM58ob--E-00499-00223834-00224121": "for it, create opportunities for people who don't", "ezOM58ob--E-00500-00224121-00224588": "take power to receive praise.", "ezOM58ob--E-00501-00224588-00224886": "Tell them, \"Hey, there's the story", "ezOM58ob--E-00502-00224886-00225435": "in the backlog that nobody's touching.", "ezOM58ob--E-00503-00225435-00226017": "why don't you give it a try?  You can do it.\"  \"Oh, but I don't really know much about...\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00504-00226017-00226365": "\"I bet you could learn.  Give it a week.  I bet you can figure it out.", "ezOM58ob--E-00505-00226365-00226792": "I know you can figure it out because you've figured out a bunch of other things in the past.\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00506-00226792-00227169": "They'll figure it out and", "ezOM58ob--E-00507-00227169-00227576": "they will volunteer again in the future.", "ezOM58ob--E-00508-00227576-00227951": "They will take that power in the future because you have empowered them.", "ezOM58ob--E-00509-00228312-00228792": "A lot of business owners and managers take a long time", "ezOM58ob--E-00510-00228792-00229177": "stepping out of the work because they feel like,", "ezOM58ob--E-00511-00229177-00229694": "\"Oh but I know all this stuff and I've been working with this client for two years and", "ezOM58ob--E-00512-00229694-00230164": "but you know I don't know this person is not really up to speed on SASS", "ezOM58ob--E-00513-00230164-00230580": "or on whatever technology you're using.\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00514-00230734-00231264": "Accept the fact that they know more than you do because you hired them and", "ezOM58ob--E-00515-00231264-00231669": "you should be hiring people better than you all the time.", "ezOM58ob--E-00516-00232000-00232456": "These people who know more about your work than you do", "ezOM58ob--E-00517-00232457-00232863": "because you're a manager now, you're not actually doing work anymore.", "ezOM58ob--E-00518-00232863-00233269": "You're doing a different kind of work.   You're doing this work.", "ezOM58ob--E-00519-00233269-00233651": "They know more about it.  They're in the weeds.", "ezOM58ob--E-00520-00233651-00234092": "They're working every day with the client.  They should have a lot say", "ezOM58ob--E-00521-00234092-00234279": "in what the company does.", "ezOM58ob--E-00522-00234279-00234984": "Because they see what clients, need what projects need, all the new technologies that are out there.", "ezOM58ob--E-00523-00234985-00235358": "They're trying new things.  They're failing and succeeding.", "ezOM58ob--E-00524-00235358-00235679": "Ask them about their vision", "ezOM58ob--E-00525-00235679-00236117": "for where the web is going or technology.", "ezOM58ob--E-00526-00236117-00236648": "They know more about it than you do.", "ezOM58ob--E-00527-00236648-00236809": "And finally,", "ezOM58ob--E-00528-00236838-00237434": "You have to constantly reaffirm this.  Constantly exemplify,", "ezOM58ob--E-00529-00237435-00237886": "pursue and praise empowerment.  When somebody is empowered,", "ezOM58ob--E-00530-00237886-00238398": "you say, \"Hey, they did this really cool thing.\"  Point it out.  Celebrate it.", "ezOM58ob--E-00531-00238498-00238958": "If people don't feel like they're empowered or they say they're not empowered", "ezOM58ob--E-00532-00238959-00239276": "you have to figure out how to solve that and constantly work with them.", "ezOM58ob--E-00533-00239276-00239750": "Reinforce, reinforce, reinforce.", "ezOM58ob--E-00534-00239992-00240500": "One final thought about this.  Asking for help", "ezOM58ob--E-00535-00240500-00240980": "is not a sign of weakness.  It's a sign of strength.", "ezOM58ob--E-00536-00241006-00241490": "It's a sign of knowing what you don't know and being comfortable with that.", "ezOM58ob--E-00537-00241490-00241814": "People should never feel like,", "ezOM58ob--E-00538-00241814-00242132": "\"I don't want to ask for help because then it's going to seem like", "ezOM58ob--E-00539-00242132-00242510": "I don't know what I'm doing\" or \"Everybody else is really busy\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00540-00242510-00242908": "Because what's gonna happen is that thing that you need help with, it's not going to fix itself", "ezOM58ob--E-00541-00242909-00243286": "and you're not gonna be able to fix it is you need help doing it.  So it's going to fail.", "ezOM58ob--E-00542-00243286-00243496": "Then everybody's gonna wanna know why.", "ezOM58ob--E-00543-00243496-00244042": "If you ask for help you were actually showing that you are strong, not weak.", "ezOM58ob--E-00544-00244450-00245111": "So this idea of empowerment changes everything.  When empowered,", "ezOM58ob--E-00545-00245111-00245440": "a person benefits the company,", "ezOM58ob--E-00546-00245440-00245894": "not the other way around.  Here's what I mean by this.", "ezOM58ob--E-00547-00246104-00246623": "Traditionally. the company is this big thing with lots of little people.", "ezOM58ob--E-00548-00246623-00246980": "The company is big and powerful and there lots of little people there.", "ezOM58ob--E-00549-00246980-00247348": "The people they all rely on the company", "ezOM58ob--E-00550-00247348-00247669": "for everything.  The company gives them a salary.", "ezOM58ob--E-00551-00247669-00248009": "The company gives them a job.  The company a gives them", "ezOM58ob--E-00552-00248009-00248590": "professional development and career growth.  But when they are empowered", "ezOM58ob--E-00553-00248590-00249050": "the company becomes smaller in a way.", "ezOM58ob--E-00554-00249290-00249706": "In this case, the people are allowing the company", "ezOM58ob--E-00555-00249706-00250142": "to succeed.  The people are giving to the company and that is in fact what's happening.", "ezOM58ob--E-00556-00250200-00250590": "We spend a third of our lives at work.", "ezOM58ob--E-00557-00250678-00251033": "A third of our lives at work.", "ezOM58ob--E-00558-00251100-00251826": "We are giving a third our lives to our jobs.  They give us something in return,", "ezOM58ob--E-00559-00251828-00252266": "but the company, the job, should be more grateful than we are.", "ezOM58ob--E-00560-00252266-00252704": "Always.  That is empowerment.", "ezOM58ob--E-00561-00252704-00253048": "Empowerment makes everyone happier", "ezOM58ob--E-00562-00253048-00253400": "and better at their jobs.  The teams are happier,", "ezOM58ob--E-00563-00253400-00253896": "they like their work more, quality goes up,", "ezOM58ob--E-00564-00253896-00254210": "people stick around.  They stay, they don't quit.", "ezOM58ob--E-00565-00254210-00254573": "Clients are happier because quality is up,", "ezOM58ob--E-00566-00254573-00255217": "people aren't leaving.  Clients never like it when a person leaves a project.", "ezOM58ob--E-00567-00255217-00255419": "you have to explain like, \"Oh our lead", "ezOM58ob--E-00568-00255419-00255884": "architect just left and we're going to have to replace them and its going to take a month to ramp up.\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00569-00256023-00256538": "Finally, leadership.  it's less work for business managers,", "ezOM58ob--E-00570-00256541-00256884": "it actually takes a lot of work out of their hands so they can focus on the future", "ezOM58ob--E-00571-00256884-00257360": "and facilitating empowering their team.  So this change is worth it.", "ezOM58ob--E-00572-00257508-00258060": "Preguntas?", "ezOM58ob--E-00573-00260588-00261048": "Questioner: I completely agree with you.", "ezOM58ob--E-00574-00261048-00261465": "What I would say with some of the challenges that we have", "ezOM58ob--E-00575-00261465-00261790": "also talking from your perspective on", "ezOM58ob--E-00576-00261790-00262122": "culture.  The culture in Latin", "ezOM58ob--E-00577-00262122-00262438": "America is a little bit different, of course,  then from", "ezOM58ob--E-00578-00262438-00262751": "the US.  Some of the challenges", "ezOM58ob--E-00579-00262752-00263166": "to apply some of the concepts like, free time or", "ezOM58ob--E-00580-00263166-00263521": "or open-door schedule,", "ezOM58ob--E-00581-00263521-00263891": "or take any vacation when you want ...", "ezOM58ob--E-00582-00263891-00264210": "It's hard to apply when the culture is very different", "ezOM58ob--E-00583-00264210-00264639": "especially in a culture like the US that is very centric,", "ezOM58ob--E-00584-00264639-00265049": "and individual verses the culture of Latin America", "ezOM58ob--E-00585-00265049-00265416": "that is a bit more community based.", "ezOM58ob--E-00586-00265416-00265804": "Do you have any suggestions or any experience on", "ezOM58ob--E-00587-00265804-00266174": "how to handle that based on your distributive", "ezOM58ob--E-00588-00266174-00266575": "team it has to do with?  Very good question.", "ezOM58ob--E-00589-00266575-00266969": "I don't have a lot of suggestions", "ezOM58ob--E-00590-00266969-00267271": "actually on how on how to implement this in", "ezOM58ob--E-00591-00267271-00267644": "in areas are cultures where a lot of these things are difficult.", "ezOM58ob--E-00592-00267644-00268120": "I'll give you an example.  So the idea of ...", "ezOM58ob--E-00593-00268120-00268431": "I'll put it this way: these are challenges", "ezOM58ob--E-00594-00268431-00268758": "in the United States.  The stuff that I've talked about now", "ezOM58ob--E-00595-00268758-00269184": "is really unusual in the United States. This is not the typical thing at all.", "ezOM58ob--E-00596-00269184-00269672": "This is very forward-thinking.  When you think of something like the", "ezOM58ob--E-00597-00269672-00270091": "open vacation policy, people can take off", "ezOM58ob--E-00598-00270091-00270419": "however much time they want.  There's some really", "ezOM58ob--E-00599-00270419-00270746": "unusual legal problems with that in the United States", "ezOM58ob--E-00600-00270746-00271117": "so everybody is experiencing this.  Specifically,", "ezOM58ob--E-00601-00271117-00271491": "the state of California.  The state of California is a problem", "ezOM58ob--E-00602-00271491-00272191": "in lots of ways ...", "ezOM58ob--E-00603-00272361-00272679": "The state of California has a policy that says", "ezOM58ob--E-00604-00272679-00273030": "if you leave your job or if you're fired your employer", "ezOM58ob--E-00605-00273030-00273496": "has to pay all accrued time off.", "ezOM58ob--E-00606-00273496-00273716": "If you have saved up", "ezOM58ob--E-00607-00273716-00274063": "three weeks of vacation they have to pay you three extra weeks of", "ezOM58ob--E-00608-00274063-00274391": "salary when you leave or are dismissed.", "ezOM58ob--E-00609-00274391-00274912": "When you have an open vacation policy, is that", "ezOM58ob--E-00610-00274912-00275278": "infinite time?  This is a real legal question", "ezOM58ob--E-00611-00275278-00275697": "in California and I don't think it's been tested in court yet.  But when people", "ezOM58ob--E-00612-00275697-00275894": "have, Netflix has this policy,", "ezOM58ob--E-00613-00275894-00276495": "for example.  They're kind of famous for it.  When somebody leaves Netflix,", "ezOM58ob--E-00614-00276495-00276845": "and they're mad, are they going to sue Netflix", "ezOM58ob--E-00615-00276845-00277431": "and say, \"You owe me for the rest of my working life?\"  I don't know.", "ezOM58ob--E-00616-00277431-00277750": "We haven't tested that yet.  This is a new policy.", "ezOM58ob--E-00617-00277750-00278119": "Also in Finland, there is", "ezOM58ob--E-00618-00278119-00278457": "I've heard this sort of second hand so", "ezOM58ob--E-00619-00278457-00278938": "I may be ruining the story, but there's some kinda policy", "ezOM58ob--E-00620-00278938-00279251": "that says there is a minimum amount", "ezOM58ob--E-00621-00279251-00279586": "time off that is enforced by criminal law,", "ezOM58ob--E-00622-00279586-00280071": "in Finland, and I think it's five weeks even", "ezOM58ob--E-00623-00280071-00280606": "if you are a business owner and you want to work,", "ezOM58ob--E-00624-00280664-00281082": "you have to take time off.  So guess what everybody does.  They lie.", "ezOM58ob--E-00625-00281082-00281455": "All the business owners who have to work because this is", "ezOM58ob--E-00626-00281455-00281816": "the job, they have to lie and say, \"Yeah I took", "ezOM58ob--E-00627-00281816-00282125": "five weeks off\" or \"I took two weeks here and three weeks there\" and", "ezOM58ob--E-00628-00282125-00282587": "they're working secretly on their own company.", "ezOM58ob--E-00629-00282587-00283083": "It's kind of silly.  So these are big ideas", "ezOM58ob--E-00630-00283083-00283490": "that are new for everybody.", "ezOM58ob--E-00631-00283490-00283870": "In places where it's especially difficult, which may be", "ezOM58ob--E-00632-00283870-00284210": "Colombia, I would suggest that", "ezOM58ob--E-00633-00284210-00284661": "you should see this as maybe", "ezOM58ob--E-00634-00284661-00285033": "some inspiration or a way to start thinking a little bit differently", "ezOM58ob--E-00635-00285033-00285687": "about work or find the things that you feel really touch you", "ezOM58ob--E-00636-00285688-00286215": "emotionally.  Like what you like about this and see if there are ways that you can maybe", "ezOM58ob--E-00637-00286215-00286377": "work with the system you have", "ezOM58ob--E-00638-00286377-00286886": "or even in some cases work against to change it.  Because there are things", "ezOM58ob--E-00639-00286886-00287194": "even in the United States that we have two work against.", "ezOM58ob--E-00640-00287527-00288006": "Here's another example: The Airport Test that I talked about earlier.", "ezOM58ob--E-00641-00288006-00288412": "Can you sit in an airport with this person for five hours and not hate them.", "ezOM58ob--E-00642-00288422-00289053": "I wrote about this, I forget where, on some business", "ezOM58ob--E-00643-00289053-00289485": "magazine and I was all excited because I got published in", "ezOM58ob--E-00644-00289485-00289989": "this business magazine.  It was really cool. But I made the mistake of", "ezOM58ob--E-00645-00289989-00290169": "reading internet comments about my own article", "ezOM58ob--E-00646-00290169-00290591": "and luckily this being a business website", "ezOM58ob--E-00647-00290591-00290932": "it wasn't like YouTube.  They were actually", "ezOM58ob--E-00648-00290932-00291329": "thoughtful but they kind of rip me to shreds on the policy", "ezOM58ob--E-00649-00291329-00292385": "because they said that that the airport test sounded like a way to enforce", "ezOM58ob--E-00650-00292386-00293022": "discriminatory hiring practices.  You're just gonna hire people that you get", "ezOM58ob--E-00651-00293023-00293357": "along with and chances are that means the people that have the same", "ezOM58ob--E-00652-00293357-00293764": "background as you, that speak the same language as you, that are a lot like you,", "ezOM58ob--E-00653-00293764-00293919": "probably look like you.", "ezOM58ob--E-00654-00293919-00294529": "Then all these other biases come into play and you know what they're kind of right.", "ezOM58ob--E-00655-00294529-00295020": "I've had to shift the way I think about that airport policy because", "ezOM58ob--E-00656-00295021-00295431": "its more about values now than it is getting along with somebody", "ezOM58ob--E-00657-00295431-00295890": "its, \"Do you share the same values?  Do you have the same goals?\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00658-00295890-00296249": "That's what you want to think about.  Not necessarily if can we tell each other the", "ezOM58ob--E-00659-00296249-00296697": "same jokes and will we think they're funny.", "ezOM58ob--E-00660-00296697-00296897": "Any other questions?", "ezOM58ob--E-00661-00297326-00297618": "Just one moment.  We're gonna pass the mic to you.", "ezOM58ob--E-00662-00297618-00298166": "Questioner: In Argentina in 2001 there was social upheaval.", "ezOM58ob--E-00663-00298168-00298544": "Many factory owners tried to close their factories.", "ezOM58ob--E-00664-00298772-00299306": "What the workers did in many cases is they took over the factory and", "ezOM58ob--E-00665-00299306-00299892": "they made the factory work on their own and became successful with certain limitations.", "ezOM58ob--E-00666-00299892-00300329": "This has happened in Chicago with the glass company", "ezOM58ob--E-00667-00300329-00300640": "and in France also with a watch company.", "ezOM58ob--E-00668-00300848-00301320": "In that sense, that's the kind of sense where I want to tell you", "ezOM58ob--E-00669-00301320-00301772": "exactly what I feel.  I think that it's a very courageous", "ezOM58ob--E-00670-00301772-00302096": "presentation.  Very fresh ideas", "ezOM58ob--E-00671-00302096-00302610": "If your company is implementing half of this,", "ezOM58ob--E-00672-00302610-00302882": "where is the job application from?", "ezOM58ob--E-00673-00302882-00303190": "On the other hand ...", "ezOM58ob--E-00674-00303190-00303478": "Given the fact ...", "ezOM58ob--E-00675-00303478-00303922": "I think what we're heading for in this presentation", "ezOM58ob--E-00676-00303922-00304434": "is to optimize a difficult situation and I have to say in true honesty is", "ezOM58ob--E-00677-00304435-00304756": "my impression that I want to share with you", "ezOM58ob--E-00678-00304756-00305187": "is that there's dialogue going on", "ezOM58ob--E-00679-00305187-00305683": "in all the language statements.  It's a dialogue with the manager", "ezOM58ob--E-00680-00305683-00306203": "which is fine.  There's nothing wrong with that.", "ezOM58ob--E-00681-00306203-00306819": "But what we're doing here is trying to design a benevolent dictator.", "ezOM58ob--E-00682-00307014-00307570": "The root problem will not be solved until there's no dictator.", "ezOM58ob--E-00683-00307570-00307976": "So it has to be ... I don't know.", "ezOM58ob--E-00684-00307976-00308390": "There are experiments cooperatives.  There are experiments", "ezOM58ob--E-00685-00308390-00308717": "in different kind designs of companies.", "ezOM58ob--E-00686-00308952-00309790": "I guess a benevolent dictator is better than a non benevolent dictator who", "ezOM58ob--E-00687-00309790-00310269": "ruins the company and all the projects fail and so on and so forth.", "ezOM58ob--E-00688-00310284-00310946": "But since there is a fundamental difference in that the manager or the owner", "ezOM58ob--E-00689-00310946-00311287": "owns the means of production in the knowledge", "ezOM58ob--E-00690-00311287-00311677": "factory.  It's an insurmountable ...", "ezOM58ob--E-00691-00311677-00312140": "I mean, there's a problem there.  So in any case I just wanted to share that with you", "ezOM58ob--E-00692-00312140-00312504": "I do think, I've just given a presentation on the lean", "ezOM58ob--E-00693-00312504-00312902": "approaches and evidently I agree with you that I mean", "ezOM58ob--E-00694-00312902-00313204": "the these techniques have to be put", "ezOM58ob--E-00695-00313204-00313582": "into operation because that's the state of affairs", "ezOM58ob--E-00696-00313582-00313941": "right now.  I did get that feeling that", "ezOM58ob--E-00697-00313941-00314328": "the the dialogue is with the manager only and", "ezOM58ob--E-00698-00314328-00314681": "some even know I'm owner/director", "ezOM58ob--E-00699-00314681-00314983": "the small group of people", "ezOM58ob--E-00700-00315366-00315792": "why isn't the dialogue also with", "ezOM58ob--E-00701-00315792-00316151": "the people who work at the company?", "ezOM58ob--E-00702-00316151-00316497": "But in any case, it's just rules again.  I just wanted to share", "ezOM58ob--E-00703-00316497-00316820": "my feelings about", "ezOM58ob--E-00704-00316820-00317195": "listening to you and thank you very much.", "ezOM58ob--E-00705-00317195-00317723": "Presenter:  A couple thoughts, there are a lot of interesting things that we could talk", "ezOM58ob--E-00706-00317723-00318031": "about as it relates to the power structures and hegemony", "ezOM58ob--E-00707-00318031-00318338": "all those things and that's the kinda stuff I love to talk about.", "ezOM58ob--E-00708-00318338-00318673": "But I'm gonna focus it very tightly on", "ezOM58ob--E-00709-00318673-00319001": "just this presentation and just some of the ideas we we talked about here", "ezOM58ob--E-00710-00319001-00319469": "because I will say that there's a lot of political ideology", "ezOM58ob--E-00711-00319469-00319857": "that goes into that as well.  I think it's all well founded and I would", "ezOM58ob--E-00712-00319857-00320242": "describe myself personally as sort of a weird mix", "ezOM58ob--E-00713-00320242-00320590": "of a capitalist an anarchist.", "ezOM58ob--E-00714-00320590-00321088": "I know that seems maybe like they're at odds but that's just what I'm like.", "ezOM58ob--E-00715-00321316-00321792": "The audience for this presentation, it's interesting", "ezOM58ob--E-00716-00321792-00322149": "and I think it's very valid feedback,", "ezOM58ob--E-00717-00322149-00322539": "very constructive, critical feedback to hear that you feel that it's", "ezOM58ob--E-00718-00322539-00322926": "almost exclusively directed managers.", "ezOM58ob--E-00719-00322926-00323363": "True, usually when I give the presentation like this", "ezOM58ob--E-00720-00323363-00323776": "is to managers and other business owners because I'm trying to change their minds about things.", "ezOM58ob--E-00721-00323776-00324204": "At the same time I want to have another information here for people who are not", "ezOM58ob--E-00722-00324205-00324558": "In a management position or ownership position to make them think,", "ezOM58ob--E-00723-00324558-00325020": "\"Hey I'm not being treated fairly.", "ezOM58ob--E-00724-00325020-00325335": "There are some suggestions I could make my organization", "ezOM58ob--E-00725-00325335-00325792": "to do this.\"  I think maybe casting a ... there's definitely some intent", "ezOM58ob--E-00726-00325792-00326137": "but it may not be clear so I take that to heart and I", "ezOM58ob--E-00727-00326137-00326645": "I hope to expand on it in the future. We're about one minute overtime", "ezOM58ob--E-00728-00326645-00326940": "I'd like to take one more question and then we'll wrap up and then I'll be here", "ezOM58ob--E-00729-00326940-00327230": "and I can talk for a few more minutes.", "ezOM58ob--E-00730-00327230-00327320": "Yessir?", "ezOM58ob--E-00731-00327320-00327761": "Questioner: I have two questions, the second one I'll ask after.", "ezOM58ob--E-00732-00327761-00328292": "You have all these philosophy", "ezOM58ob--E-00733-00328292-00329022": "and a way ... really a manifesto for people how to", "ezOM58ob--E-00734-00329022-00329594": "be a colleague with the people they manage or supervise or vice versa.", "ezOM58ob--E-00735-00329594-00329977": "When you see examples of", "ezOM58ob--E-00736-00329977-00330303": "really bad management,", "ezOM58ob--E-00737-00330303-00330663": "kind of like a dictatorship", "ezOM58ob--E-00738-00330663-00331175": "style like Steve Jobs, and these companies are so successful.", "ezOM58ob--E-00739-00331175-00331511": "To keep naming people ...", "ezOM58ob--E-00740-00331511-00331922": "Bill Gates.", "ezOM58ob--E-00741-00331922-00332254": "All of them have these kinda like dictatorship style", "ezOM58ob--E-00742-00332254-00332713": "like \"my way or the highway\" and the are so successful.", "ezOM58ob--E-00743-00332713-00333156": "What kind of message is this?", "ezOM58ob--E-00744-00333156-00333468": "It's questionable.", "ezOM58ob--E-00745-00333468-00333832": "You're so successful because you're a dictatorship.", "ezOM58ob--E-00746-00333832-00334198": "Presenter: I think about that a lot", "ezOM58ob--E-00747-00334198-00334732": "because I think a lot about Steve Jobs in particular.", "ezOM58ob--E-00748-00334732-00335039": "and it's interesting that you mention him as an example because he's the", "ezOM58ob--E-00749-00335039-00335137": "opposite of all this", "ezOM58ob--E-00750-00335137-00335462": "and yet Apple is the wealthiest", "ezOM58ob--E-00751-00335462-00335675": "company in the world, has more cash on hand", "ezOM58ob--E-00752-00335675-00336010": "than any company has ever had, and they continue to innovate and all kinds a", "ezOM58ob--E-00753-00336010-00336356": "impressive things.", "ezOM58ob--E-00754-00336356-00336671": "I don't know enough yet about Tim Cook to", "ezOM58ob--E-00755-00336671-00337031": "know what his style is like.  I think they're still", "ezOM58ob--E-00756-00337031-00337393": "feeling that out over there.   I imagine he's probably a lot like Steve Jobs.", "ezOM58ob--E-00757-00337393-00337599": "Why else would he hand off the company to anyone else", "ezOM58ob--E-00758-00337599-00338155": "other than someone like himself?  I think there are basically two kinds of companies in the world.", "ezOM58ob--E-00759-00338155-00338478": "There's the Steve Jobs kind of company", "ezOM58ob--E-00760-00338478-00338926": "and there's what I think we're aspiring to be here.", "ezOM58ob--E-00761-00338996-00340104": "I think that, and this goes towards your question from earlier, looking at the political questions", "ezOM58ob--E-00762-00340104-00340694": "around power and structure.  In our world, we live in a very", "ezOM58ob--E-00763-00340694-00341009": "capitalist world so companies like Apple", "ezOM58ob--E-00764-00341009-00341327": "through a dictator like model,", "ezOM58ob--E-00765-00341327-00341906": "I'm using that word very loosely, they succeed really well within the system", "ezOM58ob--E-00766-00341906-00342227": "that has been built.  At the same time,", "ezOM58ob--E-00767-00342227-00342632": "I think that some people are actually really motivated.  I don't understand it", "ezOM58ob--E-00768-00342632-00342775": "myself because I'm not motivated", "ezOM58ob--E-00769-00342775-00343174": "that way but I think some people are genuinely motivated by fear,", "ezOM58ob--E-00770-00343174-00343606": "by being constantly pushed", "ezOM58ob--E-00771-00343607-00343924": "to go farther and farther and farther into you feel like you ..", "ezOM58ob--E-00772-00343924-00344279": "you know, look at how athletes train.  Athletes train because they're", "ezOM58ob--E-00773-00344279-00344460": "constantly pushed beyond their limits", "ezOM58ob--E-00774-00344460-00344853": "in the heel and they get better in the keep going.  If athletes were trained", "ezOM58ob--E-00775-00344853-00345229": "because the coach said, \"Hey that's good enough. I'm your buddy.", "ezOM58ob--E-00776-00345229-00345582": "Let's go get beers.\"  Would they ever make it to the Olympics?", "ezOM58ob--E-00777-00345582-00345933": "Maybe not.  Now that may not be a fair", "ezOM58ob--E-00778-00345933-00346551": "comparison but some people are motivated by being pushed really hard and really far.", "ezOM58ob--E-00779-00346551-00346943": "Those people really like working at Apple", "ezOM58ob--E-00780-00346943-00347465": "I know people work at Apple and they love it.  They love that kinda stuff.  I would not", "ezOM58ob--E-00781-00347465-00347985": "do well there at all.  What's interesting though is that", "ezOM58ob--E-00782-00347985-00348498": "companies like what we're aspiring to be,", "ezOM58ob--E-00783-00348498-00348966": "aren't usually very big.  We're pretty small", "ezOM58ob--E-00784-00348966-00349446": "and we get into some really interesting political discussions now about", "ezOM58ob--E-00785-00349446-00349760": "well as that because the system that we've built that is", "ezOM58ob--E-00786-00349760-00350240": "even outside of business, that is social and cultural, is it because companies", "ezOM58ob--E-00787-00350240-00350926": "like this can only succeed so far?  Because other companies are", "ezOM58ob--E-00788-00350927-00351247": "eating up the rest to the pie?  Like the Apple's and and the rest.", "ezOM58ob--E-00789-00351247-00351632": "It's almost the philosophical question and it's something that I do think", "ezOM58ob--E-00790-00351632-00351866": "about a lot because there are things about", "ezOM58ob--E-00791-00351866-00352175": "Apple and Steve Jobs I find very inspiring.", "ezOM58ob--E-00792-00352175-00352492": "Their design, how forward-thinking they are.", "ezOM58ob--E-00793-00352628-00353190": "Most people think, \"Let's figure out what the consumer wants", "ezOM58ob--E-00794-00353191-00353549": "and give them that.\" or \"Let's take something that they have and make it better.\"", "ezOM58ob--E-00795-00353549-00353910": "But what Apple has done is they've said, \"There's this thing", "ezOM58ob--E-00796-00353910-00354272": "that you don't even want yet and we're gonna make it so good", "ezOM58ob--E-00797-00354272-00354656": "that its going to be the thing you have to have.\"  That's kind of incredible", "ezOM58ob--E-00798-00354656-00355005": "because it goes against all other logic.", "ezOM58ob--E-00799-00355005-00355467": "They can't look at surveys or reports or sales numbers or anything when they try", "ezOM58ob--E-00800-00355467-00355813": "to do something completely different.", "ezOM58ob--E-00801-00355813-00356235": "Anyway, I could start talking forever about this because I find it fascinating.", "ezOM58ob--E-00802-00356235-00356436": "I'll wrap up now because we're a few minutes over.", "ezOM58ob--E-00803-00356436-00356663": "Thank you so much for your time.  I really appreciate it."}}, {"audio_id": "ezQtQixjAKM", "text": {"ezQtQixjAKM-00000-00000081-00000383": "WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE, I'M PETTY OFFICER IAN COTTER.", "ezQtQixjAKM-00001-00000383-00000604": "THESE ARE YOUR HEADLINES FROM AROUND THE FLEET.", "ezQtQixjAKM-00002-00000604-00001035": "THE AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT SHIP USS PELELIU IS SCHEDULED TO BE DECOMMISSIONED MARCH 31ST", "ezQtQixjAKM-00003-00001035-00001227": "AT NAVAL BASE SAN DIEGO.", "ezQtQixjAKM-00004-00001227-00001627": "PELELIU WILL CELEBRATE NEARLY 35 YEARS OF SERVICE TO THE FLEET, COMPRISED OF MULTIPLE", "ezQtQixjAKM-00005-00001627-00002132": "DEPLOYMENTS TO U.S. 5TH AND 7TH FLEETS, HUMANITARIAN EFFORTS AND PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS.", "ezQtQixjAKM-00006-00002132-00002527": "AFTER DECOMMISSIONING, PELELIU WILL JOIN THE RESERVE FLEET IN PEARL HARBOR.", "ezQtQixjAKM-00007-00002527-00002852": "FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT PELELIU, VISIT THEIR FACEBOOK PAGE.", "ezQtQixjAKM-00008-00002852-00003311": "USS CAPE ST. GEORGE RETURNED TO SAN DIEGO FROM A WESTERN PACIFIC DEPLOYMENT, JANUARY", "ezQtQixjAKM-00009-00003311-00003411": "16TH.", "ezQtQixjAKM-00010-00003411-00003960": "DURING THE DEPLOYMENT, CAPE ST. GEORGE PARTICIPATED IN RIM OF THE PACIFIC 2014 AND EXERCISES VALIANT", "ezQtQixjAKM-00011-00003960-00004101": "SHIELD AND KEEN SWORD.", "ezQtQixjAKM-00012-00004101-00004587": "A TICONDEROGA CLASS GUIDED MISSILE CRUISER, CAPE ST. GEORGE PROVIDES DETERRENCE, PROMOTES", "ezQtQixjAKM-00013-00004587-00004940": "PEACE AND SECURITY, AND CAN PROVIDE HUMANITARIAN OR DISASTER RELIEF.", "ezQtQixjAKM-00014-00004984-00005394": "FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT CAPE ST. GEORGE, VISIT THEIR WEBSITE."}}, {"audio_id": "ezRC0rQENHg", "text": {"ezRC0rQENHg-00000-00000598-00001386": "In a bowl pour the flour with some salt and blend", "ezRC0rQENHg-00001-00002756-00004248": "Make a small nest in the middle and add about 1/3 of water (room temperature), olive oil and mix", "ezRC0rQENHg-00002-00005044-00005700": "Gradually add the rest of the water until you have a firm dough", "ezRC0rQENHg-00003-00008340-00008932": "Roll the dough with your hands and add the ingredients of your choice", "ezRC0rQENHg-00004-00009316-00014622": "We used tomato sauce, oregano, turkey, bell peppers, mushrooms, grated yellow cheese and bacon", "ezRC0rQENHg-00005-00023824-00024504": "Bake at 220 C at the low oven rack until golden"}}, {"audio_id": "e-F7cprCs5U", "text": {"e-F7cprCs5U-00000-00000006-00000483": "Welcome to the SAP HANA Academy. My name", "e-F7cprCs5U-00001-00000306-00000942": "is Bob and in this series of videos", "e-F7cprCs5U-00002-00000483-00001137": "we'll be looking at SAP Vora 2.0. In", "e-F7cprCs5U-00003-00000942-00001428": "this series of videos were going to be", "e-F7cprCs5U-00004-00001137-00001623": "looking at installation. In this fourth", "e-F7cprCs5U-00005-00001428-00001952": "video of the series we'll be looking at", "e-F7cprCs5U-00006-00001623-00002114": "installing Vora on a single node Ubuntu", "e-F7cprCs5U-00007-00001952-00002468": "server within the Google Cloud Platform", "e-F7cprCs5U-00008-00002114-00002618": "within a Docker container. To give some", "e-F7cprCs5U-00009-00002468-00002834": "background what we've done is we've", "e-F7cprCs5U-00010-00002618-00003081": "created an Ubuntu server within the", "e-F7cprCs5U-00011-00002834-00003396": "Google Cloud Platform. Then what we", "e-F7cprCs5U-00012-00003081-00003686": "looked at was connecting to service", "e-F7cprCs5U-00013-00003396-00004050": "marketplace and getting hold of SAP Vora", "e-F7cprCs5U-00014-00003686-00004242": "2.0. Because we're prepping an image", "e-F7cprCs5U-00015-00004050-00004467": "You'll need to run scripts. All of these", "e-F7cprCs5U-00016-00004242-00004701": "scripts are available to you in our", "e-F7cprCs5U-00017-00004467-00004959": "GitHub repository, as you can see here.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00018-00004701-00005114": "And we've used those scripts to do a few", "e-F7cprCs5U-00019-00004959-00005436": "things. One of them is to create a", "e-F7cprCs5U-00020-00005114-00005721": "Kubernetes cluster on a single node Minikube", "e-F7cprCs5U-00021-00005436-00006000": "virtual machine. And lastly what we", "e-F7cprCs5U-00022-00005721-00006351": "did is we looked at instantiating or", "e-F7cprCs5U-00023-00006000-00006584": "starting a local Docker registry on that", "e-F7cprCs5U-00024-00006351-00006906": "Ubuntu server where we're going to", "e-F7cprCs5U-00025-00006584-00007211": "install SAP Vora. So now what we need", "e-F7cprCs5U-00026-00006906-00007529": "to do is get the SAP Vora installation", "e-F7cprCs5U-00027-00007211-00007743": "file the, TGZ file on this server. What", "e-F7cprCs5U-00028-00007529-00008040": "I did is I placed it in a team Dropbox", "e-F7cprCs5U-00029-00007743-00008268": "and I'm using W get to bring the file", "e-F7cprCs5U-00030-00008040-00008592": "locally. That's what I found is the", "e-F7cprCs5U-00031-00008268-00008736": "quickest and easiest way. Of course this", "e-F7cprCs5U-00032-00008592-00008949": "would work if you've got a Google Drive", "e-F7cprCs5U-00033-00008736-00009192": "as well. Because you can access it with a", "e-F7cprCs5U-00034-00008949-00009438": "W get and the port should by", "e-F7cprCs5U-00035-00009192-00009615": "default the open and you're Ubuntu", "e-F7cprCs5U-00036-00009438-00009836": "server should be able to connect to it.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00037-00009615-00010047": "So it's going to take around two minutes", "e-F7cprCs5U-00038-00009836-00010397": "to get. It’s about one and a half gig in", "e-F7cprCs5U-00039-00010047-00010914": "size. And again the version I got was in", "e-F7cprCs5U-00040-00010397-00011093": "end of October 2017 of Vora 2.0. That's the", "e-F7cprCs5U-00041-00010914-00011418": "version I've got which I showed you how", "e-F7cprCs5U-00042-00011093-00011613": "to get in one of my earlier videos. Now", "e-F7cprCs5U-00043-00011418-00011864": "that we've got it. I can run a clear and", "e-F7cprCs5U-00044-00011613-00012150": "if I do an LS we can see we've got that", "e-F7cprCs5U-00045-00011864-00012393": "file here. So now that we've got the file", "e-F7cprCs5U-00046-00012150-00012717": "what we'll need to do is untar that", "e-F7cprCs5U-00047-00012393-00013064": "package to extract it. So I'm going to", "e-F7cprCs5U-00048-00012717-00013258": "run a tar xvf and then the name of the", "e-F7cprCs5U-00049-00013064-00013474": "file. It will extract it.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00050-00013258-00013756": "It'll take a few seconds to extract and", "e-F7cprCs5U-00051-00013474-00013975": "now that we've got it what we can do is", "e-F7cprCs5U-00052-00013756-00014251": "just to make sure that it's there, I'll", "e-F7cprCs5U-00053-00013975-00014407": "run a clear and if I do in LS we can see", "e-F7cprCs5U-00054-00014251-00014647": "we've got a folder SAP Vora", "e-F7cprCs5U-00055-00014407-00014935": "distributed runtime. I'll go in that", "e-F7cprCs5U-00056-00014647-00015138": "folder and if I do an LS here you can", "e-F7cprCs5U-00057-00014935-00015343": "see now we've got those installation", "e-F7cprCs5U-00058-00015138-00015712": "files. And of course going to run an", "e-F7cprCs5U-00059-00015343-00015919": "installation dot SH. There's a couple of", "e-F7cprCs5U-00060-00015712-00016144": "variables we need to set. Firstly we need", "e-F7cprCs5U-00061-00015919-00016363": "to export that the namespace is equal to", "e-F7cprCs5U-00062-00016144-00016759": "Vora and we're doing this for both", "e-F7cprCs5U-00063-00016363-00016888": "Kubernetes and also for Docker. And of", "e-F7cprCs5U-00064-00016759-00017110": "course we're using the Docker registry.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00065-00016888-00017347": "So we need to export the name of our", "e-F7cprCs5U-00066-00017110-00017713": "Docker registry as well. Which is running", "e-F7cprCs5U-00067-00017347-00017920": "on port 5,000 on this machine. And of", "e-F7cprCs5U-00068-00017713-00018310": "course this will be used during the Vora", "e-F7cprCs5U-00069-00017920-00018454": "installation. Again if I do an LS in this", "e-F7cprCs5U-00070-00018310-00018724": "folder we're going to execute that", "e-F7cprCs5U-00071-00018454-00018961": "installed dot SH. And I'm going to run it", "e-F7cprCs5U-00072-00018724-00019138": "with a few different parameters. So I'll", "e-F7cprCs5U-00073-00018961-00019282": "paste the command in and I'll explain", "e-F7cprCs5U-00074-00019138-00019408": "how these parameters work. Of course", "e-F7cprCs5U-00075-00019282-00019666": "we're doing a dot forward slash", "e-F7cprCs5U-00076-00019408-00019900": "install dot SH. We’re deploying to the", "e-F7cprCs5U-00077-00019666-00020062": "cloud. So I'm going to put bash DT equals", "e-F7cprCs5U-00078-00019900-00020335": "cloud. You've also got the option to do", "e-F7cprCs5U-00079-00020062-00020520": "an on-premise install. You can skip the", "e-F7cprCs5U-00080-00020335-00020791": "installation of various services. I'm", "e-F7cprCs5U-00081-00020520-00020995": "skipping this Vora Diagnostics service.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00082-00020791-00021247": "And with this option I'm basically", "e-F7cprCs5U-00083-00020995-00021538": "saying that we have no role based access", "e-F7cprCs5U-00084-00021247-00021829": "control. There's loads more other options", "e-F7cprCs5U-00085-00021538-00022057": "you can turn on and off when you run", "e-F7cprCs5U-00086-00021829-00022323": "this install dot SH and they're all", "e-F7cprCs5U-00087-00022057-00022723": "really well documented within the", "e-F7cprCs5U-00088-00022323-00023080": "installation guide. So now I'll select", "e-F7cprCs5U-00089-00022723-00023251": "return and the install starts. What", "e-F7cprCs5U-00090-00023080-00023413": "you'll see is we've done some pre-flight", "e-F7cprCs5U-00091-00023251-00023656": "checks. So we've checked that we can", "e-F7cprCs5U-00092-00023413-00023914": "connect to Docker. We check that we can", "e-F7cprCs5U-00093-00023656-00024091": "push to the Docker registry. We can pull", "e-F7cprCs5U-00094-00023914-00024397": "from the registry and also we can use", "e-F7cprCs5U-00095-00024091-00024628": "Kube CTL to connect to our Kubernetes", "e-F7cprCs5U-00096-00024397-00024826": "cluster. So obviously all that needs to", "e-F7cprCs5U-00097-00024628-00024982": "work before proceeding. The first thing", "e-F7cprCs5U-00098-00024826-00025129": "we'll need to do is decide whether or", "e-F7cprCs5U-00099-00024982-00025411": "not we want to accept the license. Of", "e-F7cprCs5U-00100-00025129-00025608": "course I'm going to say yes. We want to", "e-F7cprCs5U-00101-00025411-00025816": "enable authentication. Which means we'll", "e-F7cprCs5U-00102-00025608-00026125": "have to log in with a password and log", "e-F7cprCs5U-00103-00025816-00026422": "in when using Vora tools. So of course", "e-F7cprCs5U-00104-00026125-00026595": "here I'm gonna say yes we'll then need", "e-F7cprCs5U-00105-00026422-00026785": "to enter our administrator", "e-F7cprCs5U-00106-00026595-00027022": "for Vora tools which I'm entering as", "e-F7cprCs5U-00107-00026785-00027264": "the user Vora with a specific password.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00108-00027022-00027552": "So I'll type that password in and I'll", "e-F7cprCs5U-00109-00027264-00027722": "reenter the password. Here we're prompted", "e-F7cprCs5U-00110-00027552-00028008": "to decide if we want to configure", "e-F7cprCs5U-00111-00027722-00028239": "connectivity to our Hadoop or Spark", "e-F7cprCs5U-00112-00028008-00028477": "installation. This is not a mandatory", "e-F7cprCs5U-00113-00028239-00028647": "step and we don't need to do that and", "e-F7cprCs5U-00114-00028477-00028918": "we'll cover that in another video. So for", "e-F7cprCs5U-00115-00028647-00029158": "now I'm just gonna hit enter to skip", "e-F7cprCs5U-00116-00028918-00029400": "this step. We’ll be prompted to see if we", "e-F7cprCs5U-00117-00029158-00029613": "want to configure HANA connectivity for", "e-F7cprCs5U-00118-00029400-00029872": "Vora tools and for the Vora thrift", "e-F7cprCs5U-00119-00029613-00030147": "server. Again I'm going to select no here.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00120-00029872-00030499": "And again we'll be prompted if we wanted", "e-F7cprCs5U-00121-00030147-00030694": "to configure connectivity to HDFS. I'm", "e-F7cprCs5U-00122-00030499-00030919": "going to select no and the reason is is", "e-F7cprCs5U-00123-00030694-00031255": "because if you want to create a table", "e-F7cprCs5U-00124-00030919-00031480": "which connects to data in HDFS you can", "e-F7cprCs5U-00125-00031255-00031822": "actually do that on the fly within the", "e-F7cprCs5U-00126-00031480-00032131": "table creation command. And I'll show you", "e-F7cprCs5U-00127-00031822-00032362": "how to do that in another video. So once", "e-F7cprCs5U-00128-00032131-00032719": "we press return then the installation", "e-F7cprCs5U-00129-00032362-00032931": "will start. Of course what's going to", "e-F7cprCs5U-00130-00032719-00033202": "happen then, we're installing to that", "e-F7cprCs5U-00131-00032931-00033444": "Docker registry so all the files needed", "e-F7cprCs5U-00132-00033202-00033733": "will be pushed to the Docker registry.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00133-00033444-00033790": "Now it's going to take around 4 minutes", "e-F7cprCs5U-00134-00033733-00033984": "to install.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00135-00033790-00034294": "So what I'll just do is I'll speed up", "e-F7cprCs5U-00136-00033984-00034465": "the installation process with the magic", "e-F7cprCs5U-00137-00034294-00034815": "of video and we'll come back to it to", "e-F7cprCs5U-00138-00034465-00034815": "alter the verification stage.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00139-00035103-00035410": "[Music]", "e-F7cprCs5U-00140-00037227-00038091": "[Music]", "e-F7cprCs5U-00141-00037784-00038346": "So the great thing about the install dot", "e-F7cprCs5U-00142-00038091-00038574": "SH file is that the last step is that", "e-F7cprCs5U-00143-00038346-00038697": "it runs a validation, that all your", "e-F7cprCs5U-00144-00038574-00038922": "servers are running within the", "e-F7cprCs5U-00145-00038697-00039116": "Kubernetes cluster and that you can", "e-F7cprCs5U-00146-00038922-00039422": "lower the sample table. So here you can", "e-F7cprCs5U-00147-00039116-00039621": "see that the validation is running. It’s", "e-F7cprCs5U-00148-00039422-00039806": "testing that each of your various", "e-F7cprCs5U-00149-00039621-00040034": "services are up within the Kubernetes", "e-F7cprCs5U-00150-00039806-00040241": "cluster and then what's going to happen", "e-F7cprCs5U-00151-00040034-00040461": "at the very end is that it's going to", "e-F7cprCs5U-00152-00040241-00040715": "connect to your Vora", "e-F7cprCs5U-00153-00040461-00040938": "installation and it's going to try and", "e-F7cprCs5U-00154-00040715-00041216": "create a simple table and load some data", "e-F7cprCs5U-00155-00040938-00041522": "into that table and again this is just", "e-F7cprCs5U-00156-00041216-00041805": "to verify that your Vora installation is", "e-F7cprCs5U-00157-00041522-00042044": "working correctly. So here you can", "e-F7cprCs5U-00158-00041805-00042303": "see everything's working and then the", "e-F7cprCs5U-00159-00042044-00042566": "last step is that it will give you the", "e-F7cprCs5U-00160-00042303-00042762": "various ports needed for external", "e-F7cprCs5U-00161-00042566-00043140": "connectivity. The main thing that we're", "e-F7cprCs5U-00162-00042762-00043383": "looking at is this HANA tools port. Now", "e-F7cprCs5U-00163-00043140-00043731": "of course remember within the firewall", "e-F7cprCs5U-00164-00043383-00043962": "rule we opened up ports 30,000 to 33,000.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00165-00043731-00044253": "Of course what you might want", "e-F7cprCs5U-00166-00043962-00044481": "to do now is open up port 30,000", "e-F7cprCs5U-00167-00044253-00044652": "for Kubernetes dashboard. And then", "e-F7cprCs5U-00168-00044481-00044840": "then obviously open up the various", "e-F7cprCs5U-00169-00044652-00045234": "ports you need here. For example I would", "e-F7cprCs5U-00170-00044840-00045540": "open up the Vora tools port. So if I go", "e-F7cprCs5U-00171-00045234-00045827": "back to my browser what will first do is", "e-F7cprCs5U-00172-00045540-00046137": "verify that the Kubernetes is configured.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00173-00045827-00046352": "All I'll do on this page is I'll refresh", "e-F7cprCs5U-00174-00046137-00046680": "the page and what we should see is a new", "e-F7cprCs5U-00175-00046352-00046884": "namespace for Vora. If I click on the", "e-F7cprCs5U-00176-00046680-00047141": "drop down and scroll down we have a", "e-F7cprCs5U-00177-00046884-00047418": "namespace for Vora and then these are", "e-F7cprCs5U-00178-00047141-00047594": "our various, what are called deployments.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00179-00047418-00047811": "Which are essentially like services", "e-F7cprCs5U-00180-00047594-00048000": "within that Kubernetes cluster. Again", "e-F7cprCs5U-00181-00047811-00048243": "these deployments are fully explained if", "e-F7cprCs5U-00182-00048000-00048561": "you Google a Kubernetes deployment. It’s", "e-F7cprCs5U-00183-00048243-00048825": "all explained out there within Google or", "e-F7cprCs5U-00184-00048561-00048999": "on YouTube. If you select a specific", "e-F7cprCs5U-00185-00048825-00049169": "deployment then you can see other", "e-F7cprCs5U-00186-00048999-00049425": "various options for that deployment and", "e-F7cprCs5U-00187-00049169-00049584": "also log files as well. So of course", "e-F7cprCs5U-00188-00049425-00049665": "ultimately we want to test we can", "e-F7cprCs5U-00189-00049584-00049902": "connect to Vora.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00190-00049665-00050189": "So what I'll do is I'll copy the IP", "e-F7cprCs5U-00191-00049902-00050463": "address, the external IP address. I'll put", "e-F7cprCs5U-00192-00050189-00050644": "it into a new tab and if you remember", "e-F7cprCs5U-00193-00050463-00050869": "what I'm going to simply do is", "e-F7cprCs5U-00194-00050644-00051250": "append the Vora tools port. So I'll copy", "e-F7cprCs5U-00195-00050869-00051472": "that 3 0 8 2 4 in my case. Yours probably", "e-F7cprCs5U-00196-00051250-00051736": "will obviously be different. I'll put a", "e-F7cprCs5U-00197-00051472-00052029": "semicolon and then I'll put the port and", "e-F7cprCs5U-00198-00051736-00052312": "press return. And here you've got your", "e-F7cprCs5U-00199-00052029-00052648": "SAP Vora tools. Which looks the same as", "e-F7cprCs5U-00200-00052312-00052779": "in Vora 1.3. Of course I'll login with", "e-F7cprCs5U-00201-00052648-00052980": "that user that we created during the", "e-F7cprCs5U-00202-00052779-00053137": "installation. This is what it'll look", "e-F7cprCs5U-00203-00052980-00053395": "like. You might need to put it again, here", "e-F7cprCs5U-00204-00053137-00053560": "in, because I'm using Chrome. And then", "e-F7cprCs5U-00205-00053395-00053792": "here you'll see your typical data", "e-F7cprCs5U-00206-00053560-00053977": "browser editor model and user management.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00207-00053792-00054151": "And what we're looking for on the", "e-F7cprCs5U-00208-00053977-00054325": "right-hand side is that we can see that", "e-F7cprCs5U-00209-00054151-00054499": "we've actually connected. Here you can", "e-F7cprCs5U-00210-00054325-00055036": "see we've connected to our thrift server", "e-F7cprCs5U-00211-00054499-00055423": "running on port 10,000. So that's how you", "e-F7cprCs5U-00212-00055036-00055600": "perform an installation of SAP Vora.", "e-F7cprCs5U-00213-00055423-00055951": "What we're going to cover in the next", "e-F7cprCs5U-00214-00055600-00056200": "video is how to, if you want to obviously", "e-F7cprCs5U-00215-00055951-00056428": "shutdown your Ubuntu instance in the", "e-F7cprCs5U-00216-00056200-00056713": "Google Cloud Platform. How you can ensure", "e-F7cprCs5U-00217-00056428-00056929": "that your Vora services or Vora", "e-F7cprCs5U-00218-00056713-00057234": "deployments come back up in your", "e-F7cprCs5U-00219-00056929-00057234": "Kubernetes cluster."}}, {"audio_id": "e_3rqaylLig", "text": {"e_3rqaylLig-00000-00000000-00004800": "🌟 🇺🇸 Costume Border guard for a boy — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "e_nhO5OoujM", "text": {"e_nhO5OoujM-00000-00000728-00001298": "Hello. I'm Dr. Cherie Beverly.  I'm the Coordinator of the Education Technology", "e_nhO5OoujM-00001-00001298-00001769": "Program at the College of Education at James Madison University.", "e_nhO5OoujM-00002-00001769-00002409": "My background is education of students with disabilities and students of", "e_nhO5OoujM-00003-00002409-00002808": "diversity which is a very broad range, but I was asked to speak to you about", "e_nhO5OoujM-00004-00002808-00003663": "access from my perspective. So from the perspective of disability there are laws", "e_nhO5OoujM-00005-00003663-00004245": "in terms of access and there are federal laws ensuring access to digital", "e_nhO5OoujM-00006-00004245-00005301": "information.  There are civil rights laws that ensure access of basically access", "e_nhO5OoujM-00007-00005301-00005882": "to everything that non-disabled people have access to. When I think of access I", "e_nhO5OoujM-00008-00005882-00006661": "think of academic access. Access to the opportunity to learn content through the", "e_nhO5OoujM-00009-00006661-00007331": "pedagogy and the materials that are used for instruction and for measuring growth.", "e_nhO5OoujM-00010-00007331-00008009": "I think of cognitive access which are the metacognitive problem-solving,", "e_nhO5OoujM-00011-00008009-00008706": "organizing, comparison contrasting decision-making, the thinking aspects", "e_nhO5OoujM-00012-00008706-00009111": "which could be associated with academics but are associated with almost", "e_nhO5OoujM-00013-00009111-00009665": "everything else that we do in life.  I think of communicative access and I", "e_nhO5OoujM-00014-00009665-00010193": "think of communicative access as both the receiver of communications, print,", "e_nhO5OoujM-00015-00010193-00011300": "audio visual, kinesthetic and the sender of communication.  Also again: print, audio,", "e_nhO5OoujM-00016-00011300-00011861": "kinesthetic, visual. And when we think about communication, the pair language,", "e_nhO5OoujM-00017-00011861-00012396": "the non-language aspect of communication can be especially important when trying", "e_nhO5OoujM-00018-00012396-00012828": "to think about access and persons with disabilities, English language learners,", "e_nhO5OoujM-00019-00012828-00013268": "persons from different learning experiences that are", "e_nhO5OoujM-00020-00013268-00013754": "not typical American school based learning experience or work-based", "e_nhO5OoujM-00021-00013754-00014702": "learning experience. So, we have: academic, cognitive, communicative, social and this", "e_nhO5OoujM-00022-00014702-00015101": "is a really important one when you're thinking about access to digital", "e_nhO5OoujM-00023-00015101-00015518": "information that persons with disabilities and persons who are", "e_nhO5OoujM-00024-00015518-00016252": "culturally different tend to be more isolated anyway, or in smaller groups,", "e_nhO5OoujM-00025-00016252-00016925": "have more limited social networks or more limited social engagement.  Part of", "e_nhO5OoujM-00026-00016925-00017660": "that could be because they have inadequate social skills; part of it", "e_nhO5OoujM-00027-00017660-00018170": "could be because people misread their social cues.  But when you think about", "e_nhO5OoujM-00028-00018170-00018812": "digital information or multimedia information and you think about how it's", "e_nhO5OoujM-00029-00018812-00019670": "delivered, it has to have the okay, let me see if I can say this for you,", "e_nhO5OoujM-00030-00019670-00020282": "it has to be such that it doesn't isolate people but it brings people", "e_nhO5OoujM-00031-00020282-00020765": "together in networks people. So, the social is really important and then", "e_nhO5OoujM-00032-00020765-00021062": "developmental. And when we say developmental we're usually thinking", "e_nhO5OoujM-00033-00021062-00021595": "physical. So how can I physically access that digital information or that", "e_nhO5OoujM-00034-00021595-00022160": "multimedia product. There are a lot of technology especially assistive", "e_nhO5OoujM-00035-00022160-00022648": "technology but now just regular technology, software apps that allow for", "e_nhO5OoujM-00036-00022648-00023285": "access for persons with disabilities. If you are a quadriplegic and you don't have", "e_nhO5OoujM-00037-00023285-00023803": "the use of your arms, hands or fingers then you can get a voice program that", "e_nhO5OoujM-00038-00023803-00024437": "once you orient it towards your voice it will do what you tell it to do. Now, it's", "e_nhO5OoujM-00039-00024437-00025109": "a little time-consuming because sometimes you'll say, \"cursor right\" and it", "e_nhO5OoujM-00040-00025109-00025568": "goes, you know, one little mini-step right when you want it to go, you know, all the", "e_nhO5OoujM-00041-00025568-00026093": "way to the right. And sometimes it might have problems understanding your diction, but", "e_nhO5OoujM-00042-00026093-00026430": "you'd get there. We have just the reverse for someone who", "e_nhO5OoujM-00043-00026430-00026847": "is blind and cannot read what's being presented. If it's been presented to the", "e_nhO5OoujM-00044-00026847-00027752": "computer, then we have text-to-voice, so that whatever text is being is on the screen, we", "e_nhO5OoujM-00045-00027752-00028583": "can see. There are programs that if you're designing digital information", "e_nhO5OoujM-00046-00028583-00029228": "to be delivered through the computer or through electronics, then they have text", "e_nhO5OoujM-00047-00029228-00029805": "that you can hide behind the visuals so that the person can get a description of", "e_nhO5OoujM-00048-00029805-00030477": "the visual. They have closed captioning for videos that you can put on. So, there's", "e_nhO5OoujM-00049-00030477-00031103": "lots of different ways to provide access to digital information through software,", "e_nhO5OoujM-00050-00031103-00031706": "through hardware, and through just good design. And what we've learned is that", "e_nhO5OoujM-00051-00031706-00032390": "when you provide access you are hopefully providing opportunity. Giving", "e_nhO5OoujM-00052-00032390-00032816": "me the access to a space without giving me the opportunity to engage in that", "e_nhO5OoujM-00053-00032816-00033812": "space is not access. So, access is the process of entry, let's say, opportunity,", "e_nhO5OoujM-00054-00033812-00034518": "encouragement, engagement, ongoing critical feedback and reflection. So", "e_nhO5OoujM-00055-00034518-00035090": "access is a whole process, but we start by giving you entry, if you will. And we", "e_nhO5OoujM-00056-00035090-00035744": "can give you entry through a lot of software, hardware, assistive technology,", "e_nhO5OoujM-00057-00035744-00036581": "and just really good planning and designing of the environment and the", "e_nhO5OoujM-00058-00036581-00037171": "information, and how it's being delivered to the person. So that was my very quick", "e_nhO5OoujM-00059-00037171-00037787": "introduction and overview of access from the perspective of disability and", "e_nhO5OoujM-00060-00037787-00038394": "diversity, and there's so much more that if you want to talk about this it's one of", "e_nhO5OoujM-00061-00038394-00039086": "my favorite subjects. So find me and we'll talk via social distance."}}, {"audio_id": "e_-S-OvU9mg", "text": {"e_-S-OvU9mg-00000-00000102-00000523": "O2 is a real-time communication protocol for building modular", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00001-00000523-00000946": "software, especially interactive computer music systems.", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00002-00000946-00001311": "O2 uses message-based communication similar to", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00003-00001311-00001757": "Open Sound Control, but it adds many often-needed features, including", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00004-00001757-00002321": "discovery, reliable messages, clock synchronization, publish/subscribe,", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00005-00002321-00002645": "browser-based interfaces, and much more.", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00006-00002645-00002932": "I'd like to demonstrate just some basics of O2.", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00007-00002932-00003252": "I've constructed a little server process that can play four", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00008-00003252-00003640": "sounds, addressed by these O2 address strings.", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00009-00003640-00004164": "The first part, \"synth\" is known as a service, and that's the key to the power of", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00010-00004164-00004581": "O2: Any client can connect to the \"synth\" service without any", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00011-00004581-00004941": "need to know an IP address or the location of the service.", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00012-00004941-00005292": "Here, I'll start my interface program.", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00013-00005292-00005550": "It will find the \"synth\" service, connect to it, and we're", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00014-00005550-00005787": "ready to go.", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00015-00005787-00006031": "I can run the interface program anywhere.", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00016-00006031-00006345": "Here's the identical program running on a separate Windows", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00017-00006345-00006718": "machine, and automatically connecting from anywhere in", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00018-00006718-00006820": "the Internet.", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00019-00006820-00007217": "O2 applications also have a built-in web server you can enable,", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00020-00007217-00007714": "so I can even write an interface in HTML5 and use it in the", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00021-00007714-00007824": "same way.", "e_-S-OvU9mg-00022-00007824-00008089": "Please check out my ICMC paper to learn more."}}, {"audio_id": "eAdrRIZbjEA", "text": {"eAdrRIZbjEA-00000-00000712-00001592": "foreign", "eAdrRIZbjEA-00001-00002756-00002856": "[Music]", "eAdrRIZbjEA-00002-00002856-00003084": "foreign [Music]", "eAdrRIZbjEA-00003-00004248-00005240": "on this day grant me a share from your mercy which is why guide me towards your shining proofs", "eAdrRIZbjEA-00004-00005368-00006336": "lead me to your all in compassing pleasure by your law of the hope of the desires", "eAdrRIZbjEA-00005-00006872-00007184": "hello my dear brothers and sisters", "eAdrRIZbjEA-00006-00007800-00008928": "ninth day of ramadan we ask god to lead us towards his pleasure we ask him guide us", "eAdrRIZbjEA-00007-00008928-00010144": "towards your pleasure and only your pleasure not ourselves not societies not anyone else's pleasure", "eAdrRIZbjEA-00008-00010392-00011160": "in islam we only honor one's satisfaction and that's god he is the one", "eAdrRIZbjEA-00009-00011216-00011944": "who knows the right and wrong for human he's the one who knows the true reality", "eAdrRIZbjEA-00010-00011944-00012800": "of human he's the one what does human needs and what does he not and that's", "eAdrRIZbjEA-00011-00012800-00014208": "why we call ourselves muslims it means submitted we submit to god to his wisdom to his actions", "eAdrRIZbjEA-00012-00014208-00015584": "and to his rules may inshallah god put us among the true muslims inshallah", "eAdrRIZbjEA-00013-00015584-00015641": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "eA21787nJBA", "text": {"eA21787nJBA-00000-00000004-00001262": "Welcome Leigh Ann Davis from the National Center for Criminal Justice and Disability in the US. (applase)", "eA21787nJBA-00001-00001262-00001680": "(Leigh Ann) Good afternoon, my name is Leigh Ann Davis, and I'm with", "eA21787nJBA-00002-00001680-00002322": "The Arc's National Center on Criminal Justice in the US. I want to start by", "eA21787nJBA-00003-00002322-00002634": "introducing you to a friend and a colleague of mine,", "eA21787nJBA-00004-00002634-00003303": "James Meadors. James has developmental disabilities, but he's also a rape survivor.", "eA21787nJBA-00005-00003303-00003732": "James experienced sexual assault", "eA21787nJBA-00006-00003732-00004298": "four different times over his life, and the last time was in his own apartment", "eA21787nJBA-00007-00004298-00004907": "where he was raped by someone that he thought was a friend. Now James and I", "eA21787nJBA-00008-00004907-00005609": "share some similar experiences in that we are both sexual assault survivors, but", "eA21787nJBA-00009-00005609-00006173": "he experienced the justice system very differently. And that's because the", "eA21787nJBA-00010-00006173-00006804": "justice system is not set up, or equipped, to serve people with developmental", "eA21787nJBA-00011-00006804-00007389": "disabilities. So the challenge that we see is how do we help people with", "eA21787nJBA-00012-00007389-00007931": "disabilities really have access to the justice system? Here's what we know from", "eA21787nJBA-00013-00007931-00008682": "data in the US. People with disability are 2 to 3 times more likely to be", "eA21787nJBA-00014-00008682-00009368": "victimized. Now when we look at the other side of the issue, they have a 43% chance", "eA21787nJBA-00015-00009368-00010047": "of being arrested by age 28. We have to consider what are the root causes of", "eA21787nJBA-00016-00010047-00010638": "this? We know that there's persistent bias, there's a lack of knowledge and a", "eA21787nJBA-00017-00010638-00011109": "lack of experience among criminal justice professionals, many of whom have", "eA21787nJBA-00018-00011109-00011789": "never had any training when it comes to disability. So here's the solution.", "eA21787nJBA-00019-00011789-00012249": "We knew it had to be more than just training alone. So we begin to think", "eA21787nJBA-00020-00012249-00012684": "about, how do we get the justice community talking to the disability", "eA21787nJBA-00021-00012684-00013215": "community? So we have a three step approach with our 'Pathways to Justice'", "eA21787nJBA-00022-00013215-00013800": "training intiative. Step one is creating Disability Response Teams.", "eA21787nJBA-00023-00013800-00014310": "These teams are made up of law enforcement, victim advocates, attorneys,", "eA21787nJBA-00024-00014318-00014955": "people with disabilities and disability advocates, and what they do is become the", "eA21787nJBA-00025-00014955-00015303": "go-to resource on these issues in their community.", "eA21787nJBA-00026-00015303-00015954": "Step two. We then work with the Disability Response Team to provide", "eA21787nJBA-00027-00015954-00016590": "training to justice professionals in their own communities. And then last, we", "eA21787nJBA-00028-00016590-00017145": "provide technical assistance for these teams so that it doesn't end on training", "eA21787nJBA-00029-00017145-00017610": "day. They can continue to learn and grow, and learn from each other, about", "eA21787nJBA-00030-00017610-00018363": "solutions that work in their area. To date, we have created fifteen Disability", "eA21787nJBA-00031-00018363-00018908": "Response Teams - you'll see them there in orange on the map - and we've trained over", "eA21787nJBA-00032-00018908-00019470": "1,200 justice professionals. And while we've covered a lot of ground, we know we", "eA21787nJBA-00033-00019470-00020151": "have so much more to go. And that is where you come in. We're looking to scale", "eA21787nJBA-00034-00020151-00020604": "the full 'Pathways to Justice' model, starting in the US but we'd like to then", "eA21787nJBA-00035-00020604-00021057": "go globally as well. We're using the licensing and the train the trainer", "eA21787nJBA-00036-00021057-00021444": "approach, but I want to share with you the needs that we have because I know", "eA21787nJBA-00037-00021444-00021981": "that you're excited to join us in this. First we're looking for partners, we need", "eA21787nJBA-00038-00021981-00022563": "partners who kind of share our vision of justice for people with disabilities. We", "eA21787nJBA-00039-00022563-00023172": "also are looking for funders, funders who can provide the help to develop more", "eA21787nJBA-00040-00023172-00023631": "capacity within our National Center on Criminal Justice and Disability, so that", "eA21787nJBA-00041-00023631-00024048": "that will allow us to get more and more training out to justice professionals.", "eA21787nJBA-00042-00024048-00024642": "And then last, expertise. We're looking for expertise specifically in helping us", "eA21787nJBA-00043-00024642-00025161": "replicate the model internationally, but then also in evaluation as we look at", "eA21787nJBA-00044-00025161-00025695": "having a very strong tool so we can know that what we're doing works, not just in", "eA21787nJBA-00045-00025695-00026509": "the US but internationally as well. Now James had a clear pathway to justice, but", "eA21787nJBA-00046-00026509-00027152": "without that he would have never been able to move from victim to survivor, and", "eA21787nJBA-00047-00027152-00027700": "without building pathways to justice, people will never be able, people with", "eA21787nJBA-00048-00027700-00028303": "disabilities, to have a way to experience inclusive justice. We thank you so much", "eA21787nJBA-00049-00028303-00028759": "for your time today, we have brochures that we'd like to share with you on the", "eA21787nJBA-00050-00028759-00029233": "'Pathways to Justice' training and we hope that you will join us in being a partner", "eA21787nJBA-00051-00029233-00029809": "with us for inclusive justice. Myself, Ariel Simms is here as well - please look", "eA21787nJBA-00052-00029809-00030100": "for us later, and thank you so much for your time.", "eA21787nJBA-00053-00030100-00030300": "(applause)"}}, {"audio_id": "eAKGDC2BN7u", "text": {"eAKGDC2BN7u-00000-00000000-00000050": "Why I hardly wear any clothes // Explaining myself by Victoria X Rave", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00001-00000051-00000573": "hello there hey hey oh hold on hey it's Victoria X Rave here so I want to", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00002-00000573-00000951": "address a topic today and this may seem like a really weird topic to address and", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00003-00000951-00001505": "my camera is cricked um the topic today and I get this a lot on my channel and I", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00004-00001505-00001947": "want to just cover it all for your information so you guys can stop saying", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00005-00001947-00002261": "it which is not gonna make anybody stop saying it but I'm just gonna like", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00006-00002261-00003024": "whatever the topic here is my scantily-clad miss is an issue the", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00007-00003024-00003611": "question really isn't why I don't wear a lot of clothes or why I am always half", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00008-00003611-00004136": "dressed the question really is about my promiscuity is that a word promise", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00009-00004136-00004569": "promiscuity I don't know be the type of person who wants to kind of take you", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00010-00004569-00004803": "seriously which I don't be taken seriously seriously if I don't want", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00011-00004803-00005232": "people to talk about porn or cam sites or blah blah blah and and how people", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00012-00005232-00005700": "tell me those types of things and I also don't want guys in general to see me as", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00013-00005700-00006252": "like a sexual object but then I I dress in a way that makes me look like a", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00014-00006252-00006593": "sexual object what that's why we talked about today I understand what's going on", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00015-00006593-00006951": "or not stupid like a lot of people think that maybe I'm like stupid or I don't", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00016-00006951-00007383": "have a brain but I have a brain a lot of my content is silly and not serious and", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00017-00007383-00007728": "that it out it up so the topic at hand is why I don't wear a lot of clothes", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00018-00007728-00008004": "there's a lot of reasons for this and we're just gonna talk about it because", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00019-00008004-00008532": "you guys seem to wonder about me a lot of people wonder and I'm here to bless", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00020-00008532-00008897": "you that's it I'm sorry that mrs. dodge spoke a word even though it's Sunday", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00021-00008897-00009161": "it's supposed we spoke aware it's Monday but you know what can't have too much", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00022-00009161-00009657": "spoke a word I've never liked clothes I was home-schooled for a bit that's", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00023-00009657-00010011": "another story for another time and I wear pajamas all the time it's all like", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00024-00010011-00010335": "pants but who does nobody likes pants okay", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00025-00010335-00010793": "I do fitness stuff the reason that I show you guys sometimes my fitness", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00026-00010793-00011372": "progress is not for a sexual thing but so you guys can see aesthetically how my", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00027-00011372-00011768": "muscle development is doing and that's why I post like that Instagram too it's", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00028-00011768-00012120": "not to be sexual it never is yeah I know what do we see those a sexual object I", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00029-00012120-00012618": "don't think any girl really does I tend to just not wear more clothes than I", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00030-00012618-00012991": "need to my body temperature runs extremely hot", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00031-00012991-00013313": "buddy who knows me I get my body to me runs really warm and I also sweat a", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00032-00013313-00013781": "really lot so that eliminates all long sleeves and t-shirts from my wardrobe", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00033-00013781-00014105": "I'm not even kidding if I have to wear long sleeves or t-shirt", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00034-00014105-00014636": "I will sweat so much even if it's cold I'll sweat relatable ok this gross I", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00035-00014636-00015215": "don't care I just sweat a lot I'm also a high high high strong type of person and", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00036-00015215-00015544": "I just I just I'll sweat like just for no reason", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00037-00015544-00015908": "I don't wear long sleeves or t-shirts I can't it's just so uncomfortable knowing", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00038-00015908-00016241": "that like my underarms are just like sweated upon whatever I'm working out in", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00039-00016241-00016576": "the gym and stuff I like to see my muscles working I know that sounds kind", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00040-00016576-00016979": "of weird but one of the reasons I go to the gym is to help with my anxiety the", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00041-00016979-00017245": "second reason is for aesthetics obviously like that's a lot of people to", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00042-00017245-00017636": "go to the gym for aesthetics and I like to be able to see my progress and what", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00043-00017636-00018041": "I'm working and how the muscles like I'm very visual person yeah I'd like to I'd", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00044-00018041-00018467": "like to be kind of like it looks like I know sexy sometimes I I just dressed", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00045-00018467-00018911": "what kind of fits my body I've a very short torso and long legs so", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00046-00018911-00019201": "whenever I wear any types of shorts it always looks like they're shorter than", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00047-00019201-00019361": "they really are yeah I wear a lot of like crop tops", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00048-00019361-00019790": "because I can't like all all normal length shirts are too long for me", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00049-00019790-00020129": "this looks stupid that I've even explaining that's like you guys don't", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00050-00020129-00020525": "really even care my main thing is that I'm not I'm never going to do porn and", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00051-00020525-00020903": "I'm not gonna be a cam girl so you guys can stop saying those things and that's", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00052-00020903-00021206": "not me and that's not the route that I want to take not to be a suicide girl", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00053-00021206-00021575": "I'm not gonna do nude modeling unless it's like super artistic I guess but", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00054-00021575-00021910": "that's not me and that's not like if you're new to this channel that's not", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00055-00021910-00022334": "who I am and if you people are like that that's fine I don't want to be taken", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00056-00022334-00022616": "that way and me saying that isn't gonna change anything", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00057-00022616-00022862": "you guys are gonna think what you're gonna think but I just want to make a", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00058-00022862-00023234": "really quick video today just talking about that because I don't like those", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00059-00023234-00023626": "comments and I don't like when people see me like that and but I'm not trying", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00060-00023626-00024056": "to be all sexual like I have a brain I have more to me than just my appearance", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00061-00024056-00024607": "and my body and I have a lot to offer and I'd like you guys to see me in that", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00062-00024607-00024965": "way and it's kind of kind of productive for me to like say it you know sometimes", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00063-00024965-00025273": "I want to look sexy that's okay but at the same time I guess it doesn't really", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00064-00025273-00025619": "matter and I don't really have to explain myself I just wanted to and if", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00065-00025619-00025844": "you're new here if you're wondering who I am I", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00066-00025844-00026470": "I do personality stuff I like dancing I like working out I like making music I", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00067-00026470-00026876": "like being youthful and playful and having fun and not being serious", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00068-00026876-00027092": "alright that's not all what to talk about I know this videos like really", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00069-00027092-00027479": "short and like kind of pointless but I've been wanting to talk about that for", "eAKGDC2BN7u-00070-00027479-00027937": "a second now so I figured I'd just say it in a video"}}, {"audio_id": "eB0aQf60xIc", "text": {"eB0aQf60xIc-00000-00000700-00001084": "hello everyone this is Marc how are you", "eB0aQf60xIc-00001-00001084-00001342": "today I'm doing just great, thanks for", "eB0aQf60xIc-00002-00001342-00001453": "asking", "eB0aQf60xIc-00003-00001453-00001738": "A ravishing tall young blond South", "eB0aQf60xIc-00004-00001738-00002200": "African woman. Charlize Theron - A hideous", "eB0aQf60xIc-00005-00002200-00002436": "massive middle-aged German monster.", "eB0aQf60xIc-00006-00002436-00002800": "Frankenstein. In this lesson we're going", "eB0aQf60xIc-00007-00002800-00003252": "to talk about adjectives so stay tuned", "eB0aQf60xIc-00008-00003252-00004168": "What are adjectives ? They are words", "eB0aQf60xIc-00009-00004168-00004573": "that give more details or identify nouns", "eB0aQf60xIc-00010-00004573-00004927": "or pronouns. They can be used to modify", "eB0aQf60xIc-00011-00004927-00005257": "them, to modify the nouns or pronouns or", "eB0aQf60xIc-00012-00005257-00005532": "can act as a complements to a linking", "eB0aQf60xIc-00013-00005532-00005935": "verb.What is a linking verb ? A linking verb", "eB0aQf60xIc-00014-00005935-00006411": "can be: be, feel, become, etc. you can", "eB0aQf60xIc-00015-00006411-00006681": "watch a lesson on linking verbs if you", "eB0aQf60xIc-00016-00006681-00007053": "click here, now I've listed, as you can", "eB0aQf60xIc-00017-00007053-00007633": "see 7 tips on adjectives. The first one", "eB0aQf60xIc-00018-00007633-00008176": "adjectives do not change form so they stay", "eB0aQf60xIc-00019-00008176-00008304": "the same", "eB0aQf60xIc-00020-00008304-00008725": "I mean, a nice girl", "eB0aQf60xIc-00021-00008725-00009229": "is the same as to say a nice man or if", "eB0aQf60xIc-00022-00009229-00009568": "you want to say the plural  nice girls", "eB0aQf60xIc-00023-00009568-00009954": "nice men, obviously without the article", "eB0aQf60xIc-00024-00009954-00010143": "a, because we're talking about plurals", "eB0aQf60xIc-00025-00010143-00010554": "so the adjective doesn't change stays", "eB0aQf60xIc-00026-00010554-00010668": "the same", "eB0aQf60xIc-00027-00010668-00011179": "nice girls nice men doesn't change, so", "eB0aQf60xIc-00028-00011179-00011500": "number 2 placed in front of nouns", "eB0aQf60xIc-00029-00011500-00011922": "obviously so a white house in this case", "eB0aQf60xIc-00030-00011922-00012304": "we have white which is a color and is an", "eB0aQf60xIc-00031-00012304-00012600": "adjective and describes house which is", "eB0aQf60xIc-00032-00012600-00012703": "a noun", "eB0aQf60xIc-00033-00012703-00012975": "so they're placed before the nouns", "eB0aQf60xIc-00034-00012975-00013422": "the 3rd tip,  if this mean purpose of the", "eB0aQf60xIc-00035-00013422-00013765": "statement is to give the information given", "eB0aQf60xIc-00036-00013765-00014190": "by an adjective then they are placed after", "eB0aQf60xIc-00037-00014190-00014562": "a linking verb, for example he feels", "eB0aQf60xIc-00038-00014562-00014865": "how that he feel ? he feels exhausted", "eB0aQf60xIc-00039-00014865-00015240": "exhausted is the adjective, it is actually", "eB0aQf60xIc-00040-00015240-00015594": "preceded by the verb to feel which is it", "eB0aQf60xIc-00041-00015594-00015909": "is linking verb, another example she", "eB0aQf60xIc-00042-00015909-00016312": "seems tired, seems is the linking verb", "eB0aQf60xIc-00043-00016312-00016570": "and in this case we have tired as the", "eB0aQf60xIc-00044-00016570-00016923": "adjective so the other tip that I have", "eB0aQf60xIc-00045-00016923-00017379": "is adjectives -ed or -ing adjectives also", "eB0aQf60xIc-00046-00017379-00017629": "called describe the effect that", "eB0aQf60xIc-00047-00017629-00017913": "something has on your feelings or ideas", "eB0aQf60xIc-00048-00017913-00018187": "or to describe the way somebody's", "eB0aQf60xIc-00049-00018187-00018484": "affected by something I have a lesson on", "eB0aQf60xIc-00050-00018484-00018694": "this you may click here to watch that", "eB0aQf60xIc-00051-00018694-00019231": "lesson so an example an exciting trip or", "eB0aQf60xIc-00052-00019231-00019759": "a bored student, i'm not going to spend", "eB0aQf60xIc-00053-00019759-00019929": "much time on this because i have a", "eB0aQf60xIc-00054-00019929-00020197": "lesson but  if you want to watch it", "eB0aQf60xIc-00055-00020197-00020794": "you may do so, now the 5th tip compound", "eB0aQf60xIc-00056-00020794-00021022": "adjectives and I also have a lesson on", "eB0aQf60xIc-00057-00021022-00021244": "this you may click here to watch that", "eB0aQf60xIc-00058-00021244-00021582": "lesson compound adjectives are two or", "eB0aQf60xIc-00059-00021582-00021847": "more words put together using a", "eB0aQf60xIc-00060-00021847-00022338": "hyphen, a hyphen is just a dash so brown-eyed", "eB0aQf60xIc-00061-00022338-00022765": "girl brown-eyed is a compound", "eB0aQf60xIc-00062-00022765-00023331": "adjective tall-dark men a tall-dark is", "eB0aQf60xIc-00063-00023331-00023856": "a compound adjective, the 6th one is comparative and", "eB0aQf60xIc-00064-00023856-00024156": "superlative adjectives there is a lesson", "eB0aQf60xIc-00065-00024156-00024435": "on that so you can click here if you", "eB0aQf60xIc-00066-00024435-00024720": "want to watch that lesson they are used", "eB0aQf60xIc-00067-00024720-00024984": "to compare two or more nouns", "eB0aQf60xIc-00068-00024984-00025341": "Shorter than me for example", "eB0aQf60xIc-00069-00025341-00025539": "so the most important part of this", "eB0aQf60xIc-00070-00025539-00025845": "lesson would be the order of adjectives", "eB0aQf60xIc-00071-00025845-00026256": "and here i listed a table showing all", "eB0aQf60xIc-00072-00026256-00026499": "the types of adjectives that we find", "eB0aQf60xIc-00073-00026499-00026862": "before a noun the first would be a", "eB0aQf60xIc-00074-00026862-00027102": "determiner, so a determiner would be", "eB0aQf60xIc-00075-00027102-00027741": "a , the, an, every, these, this, etc. the", "eB0aQf60xIc-00076-00027741-00027963": "observation in this case is ravishing", "eB0aQf60xIc-00077-00027963-00028179": "because we are describing a", "eB0aQf60xIc-00078-00028179-00028479": "beautiful actress so she's ravishing", "eB0aQf60xIc-00079-00028479-00028889": "observation what I think of her then we", "eB0aQf60xIc-00080-00028889-00029304": "have size, and then I listed tall she's", "eB0aQf60xIc-00081-00029304-00029757": "a tall woman shape, shape I didn't write", "eB0aQf60xIc-00082-00029757-00030039": "anything but it could be anything from", "eB0aQf60xIc-00083-00030039-00030735": "hallow, narrow, deep, flat,  shallow, etc then", "eB0aQf60xIc-00084-00030735-00031212": "age in this case I wrote young then color", "eB0aQf60xIc-00085-00031212-00031595": "blond blond could be also written with", "eB0aQf60xIc-00086-00031595-00031935": "an e at the end I chose not to write it", "eB0aQf60xIc-00087-00031935-00032643": "then origin where she is from and she's", "eB0aQf60xIc-00088-00032643-00032985": "a South African woman material I", "eB0aQf60xIc-00089-00032985-00033156": "didn't list anything", "eB0aQf60xIc-00090-00033156-00033405": "ah for material but material could be", "eB0aQf60xIc-00091-00033405-00033834": "anything from wood, silver, metal", "eB0aQf60xIc-00092-00033834-00034209": "qualifier and purpose I didn't list", "eB0aQf60xIc-00093-00034209-00034446": "anything but a quantifier would be", "eB0aQf60xIc-00094-00034446-00035055": "anything from very, enough, indeed, pretty", "eB0aQf60xIc-00095-00035055-00035391": "and then the noun in this case", "eB0aQf60xIc-00096-00035391-00035820": "woman then for the second example the", "eB0aQf60xIc-00097-00035820-00036240": "determiner is a observation is hideous", "eB0aQf60xIc-00098-00036240-00036819": "size massive age shape I didn't write", "eB0aQf60xIc-00099-00036819-00037188": "obviously age middle-aged color nothing", "eB0aQf60xIc-00100-00037188-00037722": "origin German and then the noun monster", "eB0aQf60xIc-00101-00037722-00037923": "now the last example that i'm going to", "eB0aQf60xIc-00102-00037923-00038328": "give you lists all the adjectives that", "eB0aQf60xIc-00103-00038328-00038538": "we can write before a noun", "eB0aQf60xIc-00104-00038538-00038922": "so the determiner several observation", "eB0aQf60xIc-00105-00038922-00039111": "expensive", "eB0aQf60xIc-00106-00039111-00039690": "size little shape round age antique color", "eB0aQf60xIc-00107-00039690-00040098": "brown origin Roman material bronze", "eB0aQf60xIc-00108-00040098-00040542": "qualifier collectible and then the noun", "eB0aQf60xIc-00109-00040542-00041166": "coins as you can see I left a space for", "eB0aQf60xIc-00110-00041166-00041535": "you to write your own example so this", "eB0aQf60xIc-00111-00041535-00041949": "would be written under this video now", "eB0aQf60xIc-00112-00041949-00042390": "let's recap, this lesson we looked at", "eB0aQf60xIc-00113-00042390-00042648": "adjectives, adjectives are words that", "eB0aQf60xIc-00114-00042648-00042999": "describe or identify a pronoun or", "eB0aQf60xIc-00115-00042999-00043359": "a noun I listed 6 tips you to follow", "eB0aQf60xIc-00116-00043359-00043689": "but most importantly I told you about", "eB0aQf60xIc-00117-00043689-00044010": "the order of adjectives I recommend you", "eB0aQf60xIc-00118-00044010-00044184": "watch the lesson if you haven't", "eB0aQf60xIc-00119-00044184-00044436": "understood so that's it for today if you", "eB0aQf60xIc-00120-00044436-00044676": "have any comments or requests or if you", "eB0aQf60xIc-00121-00044676-00044919": "want to post your own example you may do", "eB0aQf60xIc-00122-00044919-00045177": "so under this video if you haven't", "eB0aQf60xIc-00123-00045177-00045432": "subscribed to my channel please do so", "eB0aQf60xIc-00124-00045432-00045837": "next week you'll get a new lesson so", "eB0aQf60xIc-00125-00045837-00046035": "have a great day", "eB0aQf60xIc-00126-00046035-00047798": "and I see you next week thank you bye-bye"}}, {"audio_id": "eBnQszFLj88", "text": {"eBnQszFLj88-00000-00000567-00001375": "On one side of Windsor High Street stands William the Conqueror's fortress, the largest inhabited castle in the world.", "eBnQszFLj88-00001-00001492-00002588": "On the other, beneath a pile of blankets inside the bus shelter, is Carla Giazzi, a homeless 24-year-old - or 'vagrant' as the local council describes her.", "eBnQszFLj88-00002-00002705-00003357": "Now it looks as if both of them will play a supporting role in the great royal showpiece of the year.", "eBnQszFLj88-00003-00003474-00004337": "It is a cast iron rule of royal weddings that they always generate some unexpected political or diplomatic maelstrom ahead of the big day", "eBnQszFLj88-00004-00004454-00005406": "It happened to the future Queen in 1947 after an MP claimed her wedding dress had been produced by 'enemy' silkworms from Japan (it hadn't)", "eBnQszFLj88-00005-00005523-00006331": "And so it is that Prince Harry and Meghan Markle find their own marriage plans mired in a furious row about homelessness in Windsor.", "eBnQszFLj88-00006-00006448-00008055": "By last night, their wedding had been recast as a grand tableau of social inequality played out on news bulletins around the world with the happy couple demonised on social media as a cross between King Croesus and Marie Antoinette - and all thanks to the leader of the local council.", "eBnQszFLj88-00007-00008172-00009114": "If Simon Dudley was ever on the guest list for St George's Chapel, Windsor on May 19, his name will surely have been erased by now", "eBnQszFLj88-00008-00009231-00010907": "For reasons best known to himself, the leader of Tory-controlled Windsor and Maidenhead Council - or 'the Royal Borough' as it likes to call itself - decided to use Christmas week to demand that the police deal with an 'epidemic' of 'rough-sleeping and vagrancy' on the streets of Windsor ahead of the wedding", "eBnQszFLj88-00009-00011024-00011721": "In his festive tweet, Mr Dudley added that aggressive beggars had been 'marching tourists to cashpoints'.", "eBnQszFLj88-00010-00011838-00013262": "He has since provided more details in a letter to the local Police Commissioner for Thames Valley, Anthony Stansfeld, in which he deplores the 'hostile atmosphere for our residents and the seven million tourists who come to Windsor each year'", "eBnQszFLj88-00011-00013379-00014561": "'It is becoming increasingly concerning to see the quantities of bags and detritus that those begging are accumulating and leaving on our pavements, thus presenting a security risk,' he warns", "eBnQszFLj88-00012-00014678-00015603": "'Obviously, the level of tourist interest is set to multiply with the Royal Wedding and there are increased concerns from our residents about their safety", "eBnQszFLj88-00013-00015719-00016278": "The whole situation also presents a beautiful town in a sadly unfavourable light.'", "eBnQszFLj88-00014-00016395-00017234": "In response, the police commissioner said that he had been 'surprised' by the letter which had been released to the media before he had received it", "eBnQszFLj88-00015-00017351-00017703": "But he would consider Mr Dudley's points.", "eBnQszFLj88-00016-00017820-00018695": "The council leader was unavailable for comment yesterday, having chosen to launch his broadside while on a skiing holiday in Wyoming", "eBnQszFLj88-00017-00018812-00019322": "His media management does have a certain Donald Trump quality about it.", "eBnQszFLj88-00018-00019439-00020021": "However, there was no shortage of heated debate on the freezing streets of Windsor", "eBnQszFLj88-00019-00020138-00020864": "I found opinion fiercely divided on the causes of homelessness in one of Britain's wealthiest areas.", "eBnQszFLj88-00020-00020981-00021642": "The one thing which united all sides, however, was a degree of sympathy for the royal couple.", "eBnQszFLj88-00021-00021759-00023095": "'If I was Prince Harry I would be furious that the biggest day of my life has been overshadowed by all this,' said Murphy James, 34, who runs the Windsor Homeless Project from a room at the local Baptist church", "eBnQszFLj88-00022-00023212-00023698": "'We are always told that the royals have to stay out of politics", "eBnQszFLj88-00023-00023815-00024275": "And here you have a politician politicising a royal wedding.'", "eBnQszFLj88-00024-00024392-00025274": "Once homeless himself, Mr James helps the charity provide a drop-in centre, legal support and a weekly meal for all-comers", "eBnQszFLj88-00025-00025391-00025977": "He thought that there were between 12 and 15 people sleeping rough in Windsor at present", "eBnQszFLj88-00026-00026095-00026756": "Several more come here to beg from elsewhere, something which angers the 'resident' rough-sleepers", "eBnQszFLj88-00027-00026873-00027541": "But Mr James said the one thing all beggars have in common is some sort of mental health issue", "eBnQszFLj88-00028-00027658-00028257": "Hence his irritation at Mr Dudley's attempt to drag Prince Harry into the argument", "eBnQszFLj88-00029-00028374-00029038": "'Prince Harry and his brother have brought the whole issue of mental health home to millions of people who wouldn't"}}, {"audio_id": "eBsQ1TdFhSk", "text": {"eBsQ1TdFhSk-00000-00000199-00001010": "Less than three months after being hit by Hurricane Iselle, residents of the Puna district", "eBsQ1TdFhSk-00001-00001010-00002389": "on the big island of Hawaii face another natural disaster.", "eBsQ1TdFhSk-00002-00002389-00002916": "Hawaii Army and Air National Guardsmen were called to support the Hawaii County Civil", "eBsQ1TdFhSk-00003-00002916-00003468": "Defense as the Puna Lava Flow makes its way down slope towards a major thoroughfare and", "eBsQ1TdFhSk-00004-00003468-00003568": "homes.", "eBsQ1TdFhSk-00005-00003568-00004178": "Approximately 80 Soldiers and Airmen local to the area volunteered to provide security.", "eBsQ1TdFhSk-00006-00004178-00004769": "Their operating 24 hour roaming patrols and security checkpoints in partnership with the", "eBsQ1TdFhSk-00007-00004769-00005001": "Hawaii police department.", "eBsQ1TdFhSk-00008-00005001-00005492": "The lava flow is now about 480 feet away from the main road.", "eBsQ1TdFhSk-00009-00005492-00005844": "Reporting from Hawaii, I'm Army Staff Sgt.", "eBsQ1TdFhSk-00010-00005844-00005939": "Katie Gray."}}, {"audio_id": "eBYTnMRFAHg", "text": {"eBYTnMRFAHg-00000-00000000-00000328": "hey, i'm a singer ,musician and bandleader .....", "eBYTnMRFAHg-00001-00000384-00000660": "with \"le Bourdon\" I try  to built a gate between my inner world and the outside one ..", "eBYTnMRFAHg-00002-00000712-00000911": "In this case, it was the fisrt time that play with those musicians .", "eBYTnMRFAHg-00003-00000964-00001112": "we don't known each others ,and i improvise upon their music", "eBYTnMRFAHg-00004-00001144-00001412": "\"LE BOURDON\"   my youtube channel                                                                    to follow my experience , join me  ..."}}, {"audio_id": "eCd6EFzo0oE", "text": {"eCd6EFzo0oE-00000-00000000-00000200": "THE NEWS"}}, {"audio_id": "eCnmCmdNMco", "text": {"eCnmCmdNMco-00000-00000000-00000570": "[Music] come on drop a thumbs up subscribe if you're new and we got a massive video boys 10", "eCnmCmdNMco-00001-00000570-00001326": "scary videos of ghosts and graveyards I'm ready this next video is said to take place", "eCnmCmdNMco-00002-00001326-00001914": "at a haunted cemetery in York Maine Story Goes that a white witch named Mary was buried here", "eCnmCmdNMco-00003-00001914-00002748": "in 1776 and that her ghost is often seen roaming the grounds even stranger children at a nearby", "eCnmCmdNMco-00004-00002748-00003258": "playground have reported quote an invisible woman who likes to push them on the swings", "eCnmCmdNMco-00005-00003354-00003915": "this bizarre clip someone catches a mourner kneeling over a grave in the cemetery [Music]", "eCnmCmdNMco-00006-00004500-00004746": "yeah oh there's someone inside what", "eCnmCmdNMco-00007-00004956-00005278": "okay so there's a way hey [Music]", "eCnmCmdNMco-00008-00005706-00006498": "two rounds fired and you're telling me that he cannot see that's probably uh I think you know", "eCnmCmdNMco-00009-00006564-00007710": "bruh shivama or what so he did like what is he doing oh damn [Applause]", "eCnmCmdNMco-00010-00007710-00008004": "[Music]", "eCnmCmdNMco-00011-00008004-00008364": "yo I find the homies crying yeah the homies it almost looks as if", "eCnmCmdNMco-00012-00008364-00008676": "some ghostly figure is reaching out to try to comfort the man", "eCnmCmdNMco-00013-00008826-00009372": "but what do you think oh man I shouldn't have fire bullets it might be a good course man rip", "eCnmCmdNMco-00014-00009372-00010104": "bro bro sorry man YouTube Ghost Hunter Franco TV is investigating a supposedly haunted cemetery", "eCnmCmdNMco-00015-00010104-00010698": "in Florida in the dead of night he begins to get the feeling that he might not be alone", "eCnmCmdNMco-00016-00010848-00011094": "with the corner of my eye", "eCnmCmdNMco-00017-00011304-00012048": "like a black shadow just kind of move through here yeah bro just walk slowly make sure you're aiming", "eCnmCmdNMco-00018-00012150-00013152": "so what could happen is he gonna feed like a shape man these lights be yeah yeah the weirdest thing", "eCnmCmdNMco-00019-00013230-00014082": "and then things get even weirder oh damn all right the the circus that I think is the most creepiest", "eCnmCmdNMco-00020-00014310-00015076": "the wrong ship line is just bad oh my God I'm a fire first ask questions later later [Music]", "eCnmCmdNMco-00021-00015497-00015894": "what the hell is that oh", "eCnmCmdNMco-00022-00016104-00016350": "that sound effect just scared me man there's nothing there", "eCnmCmdNMco-00023-00016464-00017158": "yo yo yo yo yo yo yo yo I saw a black shadow again I didn't personally [Music]", "eCnmCmdNMco-00024-00017448-00018276": "yo there is nothing that [__] come on yo don't be turning like that bruh okay that was weird", "eCnmCmdNMco-00025-00018534-00019278": "there's nothing encounters don't stop there whoa hey I'm actually", "eCnmCmdNMco-00026-00019422-00020136": "pretty sure pretty sure that got someone pretty sure I apologize for", "eCnmCmdNMco-00027-00020136-00020604": "that but one in the chat if that scared you actually a little bit creeped out right now", "eCnmCmdNMco-00028-00020778-00021408": "you won those jump scares right like I get it that's why you oh", "eCnmCmdNMco-00029-00021582-00022350": "Marco Polo no probably asking why I'm saying Marco yeah oh inside joke anybody knows what's", "eCnmCmdNMco-00030-00022350-00022878": "Marco Polo like I I started because it reminded me of Uncharted 3 maybe oh no Uncharted among", "eCnmCmdNMco-00031-00022878-00023328": "Taves Uncharted 2 there was like a Marco Polo trophy so it kind of then he says Marco Edge I", "eCnmCmdNMco-00032-00023328-00023892": "was like Polo well it was supposed to be a joke but it one of my videos I do the same thing", "eCnmCmdNMco-00033-00023994-00024304": "and you could actually hear a response back [Music]", "eCnmCmdNMco-00034-00024690-00024966": "bro what dude this is", "eCnmCmdNMco-00035-00025164-00025554": "man I should have kept shooting man I just got so scared I pulled Myself Away", "eCnmCmdNMco-00036-00026066-00026166": "[Music]", "eCnmCmdNMco-00037-00026166-00026238": "what was that", "eCnmCmdNMco-00038-00026454-00026645": "okay aim downside", "eCnmCmdNMco-00039-00027066-00027330": "oh I'm out I gotta reload", "eCnmCmdNMco-00040-00028164-00028818": "ing my bullet landed on a glass on a piece of glass yeah you heard that falling right", "eCnmCmdNMco-00041-00029022-00029652": "that's a lonely ass Road bro what are you doing on a lonely ass Road like that so did Franco TV", "eCnmCmdNMco-00042-00029652-00030312": "see some sort of Shadow being or catch a ghost on camera or is it all just an elaborate hoax", "eCnmCmdNMco-00043-00030377-00030983": "you decide you can check out Frank's full video over on his channel that looked like a puppy face", "eCnmCmdNMco-00044-00030983-00031812": "right like a chihuahua of some kind of Franco TV Frank ghost of Gettysburg Gettysburg National Park", "eCnmCmdNMco-00045-00031812-00032412": "in Pennsylvania was the site of the infamous Civil War Battle of Gettysburg it's also home to the", "eCnmCmdNMco-00046-00032412-00033030": "Gettysburg National Cemetery where approximately 5 000 of the deceased Union and Confederate soldiers", "eCnmCmdNMco-00047-00033030-00033732": "were laid to rest in this video a tourist spots bizarre orbs in the trees and begins filming", "eCnmCmdNMco-00048-00033732-00034254": "them completely unaware of the even stranger activity her camera is catching on the ground", "eCnmCmdNMco-00049-00034554-00035412": "oh [Music] so bizarre activity on the ground he said oh I'm saying some bizarre activity", "eCnmCmdNMco-00050-00035622-00036594": "is that water is that like a river oh what what [Music] is yeah but I gotta use the", "eCnmCmdNMco-00051-00036672-00037200": "my guy used the Harry Potter Harry Potter clock and real quick I know this is unrelated but this", "eCnmCmdNMco-00052-00037200-00037656": "is probably some sad news if any of you are a Harry Potter fan the actor behind Hagrid", "eCnmCmdNMco-00053-00037656-00038244": "just recently passed away which is like really really sad I'm a massive fan so yeah man that's", "eCnmCmdNMco-00054-00038384-00039114": "[Music] yeah yo what's that", "eCnmCmdNMco-00055-00039372-00039564": "hey", "eCnmCmdNMco-00056-00039834-00040440": "hey hey I feel like someone's gonna jump out what", "eCnmCmdNMco-00057-00040752-00040764": "what", "eCnmCmdNMco-00058-00040974-00041718": "yeah I gotta get me one of these what looks to be the ghostly apparitions of Civil War soldiers can", "eCnmCmdNMco-00059-00041718-00042228": "be seen appearing and walking the grounds the woman who filmed the footage says she didn't", "eCnmCmdNMco-00060-00042228-00043050": "even see the figures until she reviewed her video biggest cap This Little Light yeah you believe in", "eCnmCmdNMco-00061-00043050-00043518": "that one if yes to if not I don't know man how can you not or maybe if it's just that the ghost", "eCnmCmdNMco-00062-00043518-00044094": "had a policy of just showing up on the camera and not uh and she couldn't see it uh that with her", "eCnmCmdNMco-00063-00044094-00044610": "naked eyes you know the muser frankly 2112 says that his brother convinced him to come along on", "eCnmCmdNMco-00064-00044610-00045288": "a ghost hunt through a graveyard dating back to the 1800s he starts filming and ends up catching", "eCnmCmdNMco-00065-00045288-00046086": "one of the strangest paranormal encounters ever recorded [Music] do not look behind you that's", "eCnmCmdNMco-00066-00046086-00046692": "all I'm gonna say within the next 10 seconds okay so nine eight you know how that goes", "eCnmCmdNMco-00067-00046968-00047470": "hey are you playing I saw it on the right [Music]", "eCnmCmdNMco-00068-00048414-00049050": "you would you actually go boys if you would you actually go in a horse like", "eCnmCmdNMco-00069-00049194-00049872": "so what was that did you see it watch it again in slow motion that felt like something was", "eCnmCmdNMco-00070-00049872-00050712": "yeah that's what I'm saying that it that broke my exe bruh he didn't then when he pans back", "eCnmCmdNMco-00071-00051108-00051648": "now I'm not even sure how to describe what he captures on camera it almost looks like some", "eCnmCmdNMco-00072-00051648-00052416": "sort of apparition with a light in its chest yeah and then the strange thing just seems to disappear", "eCnmCmdNMco-00073-00052416-00053088": "and the light flies away frankly 2112 says that he couldn't see The Apparition and had no idea", "eCnmCmdNMco-00074-00053088-00053729": "what he called until he reviewed his film later so let me know what you think this thing looks like", "eCnmCmdNMco-00075-00053790-00054348": "I mean how would I know I'm not a scientist I'm not an astronaut I'm not a teacher teacher I'm", "eCnmCmdNMco-00076-00054348-00055338": "musician I'm I'm none of that I'm just a stud muffin man where science ends [Music] Jr posted", "eCnmCmdNMco-00077-00055338-00055758": "a video of a very strange anomaly at the Oakwood Cemetery in Michigan", "eCnmCmdNMco-00078-00055950-00056610": "what we're doing right now is we're taking the farthest entrance into the cemetery", "eCnmCmdNMco-00079-00056676-00057036": "farther as you can see down this little road we're going to be heading gas is", "eCnmCmdNMco-00080-00057036-00057528": "very expensive too expensive you Lord just save gas man don't take the farthest Road", "eCnmCmdNMco-00081-00057528-00058091": "just take the shortest one getting down a hill it's a very short reverse okay short", "eCnmCmdNMco-00082-00058332-00058967": "to demonstrate what's gonna happen here I'm first going to put my car in neutral all right okay", "eCnmCmdNMco-00083-00059052-00059484": "is it gonna be one of those gravity take my foot off the pedals there's some bird", "eCnmCmdNMco-00084-00059484-00059844": "poops in my window I think this is gonna be one of those gravity things we've seen", "eCnmCmdNMco-00085-00059844-00060174": "videos like that on the channel if you're new definitely subscribe if I'm not wrong", "eCnmCmdNMco-00086-00060174-00060588": "the car is just gonna go backwards now but let's see might be something else enjoy that", "eCnmCmdNMco-00087-00060767-00061320": "and now as you can see with my foot off the pedal and the car in neutral we're rolling downhill", "eCnmCmdNMco-00088-00061391-00061926": "that is what you would expect yeah nothing unusual about that bruh that's just good", "eCnmCmdNMco-00089-00061926-00062448": "physics right right well if you're gonna do this little test yourself you'll notice that over here", "eCnmCmdNMco-00090-00062448-00063162": "there's a tree with a big knot hole you'll want to pull your vehicle that's a massive hole right", "eCnmCmdNMco-00091-00063162-00063822": "there bro like I know most of you were like oh I I love holes but man you gotta um keep that Dragon", "eCnmCmdNMco-00092-00063822-00064505": "asleep sometimes too okay right up toward it and put your car in neutral and Watch What Happens", "eCnmCmdNMco-00093-00064691-00065616": "it's gonna go backwards we're rolling backwards up the hill oh damn are you sure about it I'm", "eCnmCmdNMco-00094-00065616-00066042": "gonna throw this my feet are off the pedal kind of we're still in neutral can a brother perhaps", "eCnmCmdNMco-00095-00066150-00066588": "yeah neutral can a brother perhaps see your weirdest darn thing and I", "eCnmCmdNMco-00096-00066588-00067032": "don't know how or why it does it but it does it consistently every time", "eCnmCmdNMco-00097-00067140-00067722": "can a brother perhaps I'm gonna drive back down here well right by the knot hole to show you", "eCnmCmdNMco-00098-00067866-00068352": "but show us your like like full area like how would we it's good on my window", "eCnmCmdNMco-00099-00068448-00068874": "uh or maybe um you know what I'm dumb like I don't have a driver's license so what if like", "eCnmCmdNMco-00100-00068874-00069402": "when you put at neutral it's just neutral and you cannot drive or go back or go forward is that how", "eCnmCmdNMco-00101-00069402-00070164": "that works because I yeah I don't have a license just yet so I'm I'm dumb cart back in neutral and", "eCnmCmdNMco-00102-00070338-00070962": "rolling backwards yeah probably no point in showing the feet area right", "eCnmCmdNMco-00103-00070962-00071316": "I don't really want to know how it works I just know that it does", "eCnmCmdNMco-00104-00071538-00072042": "but it works it works and it's the weirdest thing it works but it works", "eCnmCmdNMco-00105-00072354-00072960": "save gas save gas looks like by this tree we stop and we start going forward again", "eCnmCmdNMco-00106-00073014-00073368": "saving gas boys saving lives saving lives anyway", "eCnmCmdNMco-00107-00073422-00073674": "if you want to try it for yourself Oakwood Cemetery in Farmington Michigan", "eCnmCmdNMco-00108-00073740-00074490": "uh it's a cool Cemetery by the way lots of really um unique old markers some of them very very old", "eCnmCmdNMco-00109-00074610-00075246": "but the real draw for me is uh not the markers as much as being able to roll backwards uphill", "eCnmCmdNMco-00110-00075366-00075954": "note that the car rolls both ways when in neutral both up and down the hill", "eCnmCmdNMco-00111-00076056-00076602": "but here's something that might be even Stranger in this video YouTube commenters began to point", "eCnmCmdNMco-00112-00076602-00077166": "out that a creepy unexplained voice could be heard in the middle of the video still in neutral", "eCnmCmdNMco-00113-00077628-00078072": "it's the weirdest darn thing and I don't know how or why it does it", "eCnmCmdNMco-00114-00078342-00078972": "replay audio boosted 2x so just what do you think is going on at Oakwood Cemetery", "eCnmCmdNMco-00115-00078972-00079428": "in Michigan is it just an optical illusion and the sound of the Wind", "eCnmCmdNMco-00116-00079518-00080274": "you decide you decide to lie YouTube Ghost Hunter Spirit encounters ITC are investigating", "eCnmCmdNMco-00117-00080274-00080862": "an old graveyard in Cornwall England one of the group members sees a strange ghostly orb", "eCnmCmdNMco-00118-00080862-00081468": "but for some reason none of the rest are able to see it one researcher Chris Moon points his", "eCnmCmdNMco-00119-00081468-00082416": "camera in the general direction of the orb and manages to catch something truly chilling hey", "eCnmCmdNMco-00120-00082478-00082960": "[Music] UFO aliens explosion [Music]", "eCnmCmdNMco-00121-00083196-00084090": "at first it simply looks like a light then as it blooms brighter it reveals some bizarre faceless", "eCnmCmdNMco-00122-00084090-00084696": "Apparition seemingly holding the light in its hand what Chris says he had no idea what he had", "eCnmCmdNMco-00123-00084696-00085200": "caught until he reviewed his footage later it's it's almost as though some person was standing", "eCnmCmdNMco-00124-00085200-00085680": "there with the hands like that with the eye in the palm of their that person's hand right", "eCnmCmdNMco-00125-00085836-00086442": "hold on a team named Jesse greathouse and his family were vacationing in Savannah", "eCnmCmdNMco-00126-00086442-00087042": "Georgia when they decided to visit a civil war graveyard as Jesse films across the cemetery", "eCnmCmdNMco-00127-00087042-00087588": "he catches something unbelievable as an oddly pale little boy comes running down the path", "eCnmCmdNMco-00128-00088632-00089088": "that was back in 2008 boys seemed to jump into a tree", "eCnmCmdNMco-00129-00089424-00089970": "yeah then drops back to the ground and simply disappears behind the grave", "eCnmCmdNMco-00130-00090228-00090942": "hold on the photographer is so baffled by what he's seen that he actually just stops filming", "eCnmCmdNMco-00131-00091002-00091446": "my video has been examined by visual effects experts and they say that", "eCnmCmdNMco-00132-00091446-00091830": "there is absolutely no evidence of editing or video manipulation", "eCnmCmdNMco-00133-00091830-00092814": "you know it's one of those things where if you record something crazy if something crazy happens", "eCnmCmdNMco-00134-00092814-00093336": "the the first thing we do I know it's our running joke that you would take your camera right and you", "eCnmCmdNMco-00135-00093336-00093888": "would actually film it right but usually Whatever Whenever something crazy happens you're recording", "eCnmCmdNMco-00136-00093888-00094536": "but all of a sudden you do this you're almost as though you're so like frightened or paranoid or", "eCnmCmdNMco-00137-00094536-00095268": "shocked by the situation then you stop recording right and that's like a natural way you baby do", "eCnmCmdNMco-00138-00095268-00095856": "that and we just sometimes if something is really bad happening we're gonna try to run away and just", "eCnmCmdNMco-00139-00095856-00096378": "get away from that situation and it's one of those things here I think he saw and he couldn't believe", "eCnmCmdNMco-00140-00096378-00096996": "it that he just stopped recording and yeah that's a sign that it was kind of legit atos", "eCnmCmdNMco-00141-00097086-00097542": "Stacy from the YouTube channel misguided road trips and Patty from G team paranormal", "eCnmCmdNMco-00142-00097542-00097920": "make a trip to a secluded graveyard out in the middle of the remote Woods", "eCnmCmdNMco-00143-00097920-00098574": "of Georgia at first it's a bit creepy but everything goes as expected however", "eCnmCmdNMco-00144-00098574-00099102": "Stacy and Patty soon realized that they may not be alone out in the dark woods", "eCnmCmdNMco-00145-00099420-00100248": "bye station Stacy Stacy better do some bad light over there", "eCnmCmdNMco-00146-00100392-00100668": "I don't know if y'all see that oh light's gone though", "eCnmCmdNMco-00147-00100728-00101538": "lights gone it's your time to be zooming just run Stacey I see eyeballs eyeballs why beer", "eCnmCmdNMco-00148-00101664-00102485": "I'll see eyeballs I see uh I think what I just saw was eyeballs right over there oh my God", "eCnmCmdNMco-00149-00102570-00103032": "I didn't see either a little shaken up the two continued deeper into the forest", "eCnmCmdNMco-00150-00103259-00104400": "where the light button on the ball eyeballs this is really scary guys I don't get scared very often", "eCnmCmdNMco-00151-00104585-00105102": "I get scared very often nah man I see you I'll see you sounds like a girl", "eCnmCmdNMco-00152-00105383-00105438": "shadow", "eCnmCmdNMco-00153-00106122-00107088": "seeing things okay yo I saw a shadow I saw a shadow what is that some strange Shadow this", "eCnmCmdNMco-00154-00107088-00107711": "this is just standing motionless near one of the low Cemetery walls Stacy and Patty decide", "eCnmCmdNMco-00155-00107711-00108342": "to make a quick exit it's a big something dark just dark something dark standing there", "eCnmCmdNMco-00156-00108461-00109314": "oh my God it just moved it's just been moved oh my God I think we should go I think we need to", "eCnmCmdNMco-00157-00109314-00110226": "go too Petty I don't like this oh my God where'd it go yeah bro like this is a bad sign man yeah", "eCnmCmdNMco-00158-00110226-00111006": "hold R2 and run I think we need to go I'm telling you I want to get out of here I don't feel right", "eCnmCmdNMco-00159-00111168-00112182": "apparently they don't leave soon enough ah not soon enough your massive plot twist coming in", "eCnmCmdNMco-00160-00112182-00112794": "yo man do not look to the right of you okay nor left just focusing on here you", "eCnmCmdNMco-00161-00112794-00113183": "do not know what might be to the right of you and what might be to the left of your", "eCnmCmdNMco-00162-00113183-00114054": "own just saying okay so be careful guys what the [__] was that what oh my God oh my God", "eCnmCmdNMco-00163-00114132-00115032": "oh my God what just happened why did he go like that did something touch you yes", "eCnmCmdNMco-00164-00115224-00115632": "it's like it tagged on my shirt pulling me back oh", "eCnmCmdNMco-00165-00115632-00116118": "damn there's something over there Stacy oh my God I want to go too", "eCnmCmdNMco-00166-00116382-00116435": "oh my God", "eCnmCmdNMco-00167-00116633-00117383": "oh my God just push me down I don't know Stacy something just pushed me down", "eCnmCmdNMco-00168-00117461-00118085": "yo bro you're Hollywood acting Hollywood acting or what like I thought he was running I thought", "eCnmCmdNMco-00169-00118085-00118632": "he was running but the Homie fell damn you can watch the rest of Stacy and Patty's videos as", "eCnmCmdNMco-00170-00118632-00119118": "well as their follow-up investigation okay it's clear that there's a shadow there but part of", "eCnmCmdNMco-00171-00119118-00119694": "me feels like it's just a cardboard I think it's just a cardboard thoughts on that you", "eCnmCmdNMco-00172-00119694-00120156": "see that's like these are Graves and there's a shadow there and yeah there's a shadow there too", "eCnmCmdNMco-00173-00120156-00120690": "but it I mean I would be freaked out too but you know what over on their YouTube channels", "eCnmCmdNMco-00174-00120690-00121283": "misguided road trips and G team paranormal I don't know about that one man but number", "eCnmCmdNMco-00175-00121283-00121818": "one watching oh number two actually in this next entry we go back again to Cornwall England which", "eCnmCmdNMco-00176-00121818-00122333": "apparently has some of the most haunted graveyards in the world this time the YouTube channel Ghost", "eCnmCmdNMco-00177-00122333-00122909": "Adventures of Cornwall is investigating another allegedly haunted graveyard investigator Mark", "eCnmCmdNMco-00178-00122909-00123761": "Davies captures a bizarre floating white Mist between Graves look at the mouse hold on a", "eCnmCmdNMco-00179-00123761-00124680": "minute yeah it's right there yeah right yeah that's more or less where you were standing", "eCnmCmdNMco-00180-00124938-00125322": "yeah wow she's got a white mesh", "eCnmCmdNMco-00181-00125424-00125964": "it's like a white boy is this supposed to be like the quote-unquote coast figure it's missed", "eCnmCmdNMco-00182-00126452-00126552": "[Music]", "eCnmCmdNMco-00183-00126552-00126833": "yo what's happening I don't I don't know man what's happening", "eCnmCmdNMco-00184-00126966-00127596": "oh now two these are fully clogged up though oh no these are Graves", "eCnmCmdNMco-00185-00127866-00128550": "then they noticed something odd about one of the tombstones oh these are tombstones yeah", "eCnmCmdNMco-00186-00128772-00129156": "yeah is it gonna move is there's gonna be a hand that comes on", "eCnmCmdNMco-00187-00129438-00129594": "okay there's like a blinking area", "eCnmCmdNMco-00188-00129930-00130014": "oh my God", "eCnmCmdNMco-00189-00130266-00130548": "work something appeared", "eCnmCmdNMco-00190-00130764-00131226": "yo I thought that then this so this is nothing and I got scared for no reason", "eCnmCmdNMco-00191-00131226-00132114": "I well I thought somebody was kind of coming to Peking I've got all kinds of going on here mate", "eCnmCmdNMco-00192-00132432-00132534": "why do I feel", "eCnmCmdNMco-00193-00132762-00133434": "it then that headstone there right it almost looks as if a spirit is", "eCnmCmdNMco-00194-00133434-00133764": "peeking out at them from behind the stone yeah that's what I was saying", "eCnmCmdNMco-00195-00133764-00134304": "is this a ghost caught on camera or just a trick of the line let me know", "eCnmCmdNMco-00196-00134514-00135000": "shaking like a leaf this next video was supposedly filmed by", "eCnmCmdNMco-00197-00135000-00135408": "a young guy touring the universal Cemetery in barranquia Colombia", "eCnmCmdNMco-00198-00135630-00136674": "Colombia Daniel hey and it disappeared yo look at look at look at the tree must have climbed", "eCnmCmdNMco-00199-00136674-00137514": "like a chihuahua you can Chihuahuas climb ing on trees yeah all right video has become a bit", "eCnmCmdNMco-00200-00137514-00138096": "of a classic ghost video on the internet and it's even been featured in multiple paranormal TV shows", "eCnmCmdNMco-00201-00138168-00138810": "but what do you think yo those caught on camera or just a really good you'll", "eCnmCmdNMco-00202-00138810-00139296": "finally finally a ghost that doesn't wear like full on black shirts or full-on black", "eCnmCmdNMco-00203-00139296-00139812": "robes or white robes it's like in jeans a normal day normal daytime I mean what", "eCnmCmdNMco-00204-00139812-00140376": "a classic that's a certified Hood classic but you wanna see more certified Hood classic do", "eCnmCmdNMco-00205-00140376-00140778": "not look behind you click on this video on the screen and I'll see you right there subscribe"}}, {"audio_id": "eCrvE-sVSxA", "text": {"eCrvE-sVSxA-00000-00000101-00000564": "In order for you to make the best use of your microscope system, I will give you now two", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00001-00000564-00001198": "lectures on the scanning electron microscope. The first lecture I will talk about the probe", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00002-00001198-00001898": "current, spot-size, and signal to noise ratio. In the second lecture I will talk about the", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00003-00002069-00002752": "scanning rastering image effects and what you need to think of, and I will also talk", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00004-00002752-00003452": "about the interaction of the electrons from the beam that interacts with the sample.", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00005-00003560-00004260": "Probe size and current of the beam, what you can say is that you change the spot-size of", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00006-00004417-00005117": "the beam in an electron microscope, a few parameters effects this. In the course book", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00007-00005210-00005879": "you can see an equation that relates to this and this states that the beam diameter (dp)", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00008-00005879-00006579": "is given by an equation that states that it's proportional to the beam current over the", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00009-00006937-00007637": "brightness (beta) of the source times pi^2 and the aperture angle in the focus square", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00010-00007865-00008401": "(alpha^2), and everything under square root. This says that if you drop the beam current", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00011-00008401-00008917": "then you also reduce the spot-size and you want to have the spot-size in theory as small", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00012-00008917-00009551": "as possible, because that reduces the area that you will get the information from and", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00013-00009551-00010240": "thereby increase the resolution, right? But it also states that the brightness of the", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00014-00010240-00010940": "source governess this, and the brightness you can define as the intensity of the source", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00015-00011186-00011886": "divided by the area that's creating this \"light\". We can make an example of that: if you have", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00016-00012182-00012882": "a tungsten filament source, that is a big metallic wire that glows and radiate electrons", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00017-00012906-00013544": "and that illuminating area is rather big if you compare that to a field emission unit", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00018-00013544-00014079": "that's sort of looks like this pen, a small needle and the electrons are only emitted", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00019-00014079-00014779": "from the outermost top here. So then all intensity comes from a very, very small region. The", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00020-00014879-00015579": "field emission will have a brightness that's 1000x larger than the tungsten source. The", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00021-00015723-00016423": "LaB6 crystal is sort of between, 100x larger than the tungsten source. Either you by a", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00022-00016537-00017090": "new microscope and increase the brightness in that way or you can change the brightness", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00023-00017090-00017790": "also by increasing the accelerating voltage of the gun. This is directly proportional", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00024-00017911-00018881": ", the brightness (beta) is proportional to the accelerating voltage. What you need to", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00025-00019190-00019663": "have in mind here is that if you increase the accelerating voltage, usually a microscope", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00026-00019663-00020363": "goes from a few kilovolt up to perhaps 30 kV. If you do that complete change then the", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00027-00020673-00021373": "beam size will perhaps drop to half, if you instead switch from a tungsten source to a", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00028-00021770-00022302": "field-emission source then the beam size at the same current level will be a factor of", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00029-00022302-00023002": "ten smaller. Changing the accelerating voltage can not replace switching to a field-emission", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00030-00023160-00024016": "unit, it can improve it but not as much. Another thing to think of, is that if you increase", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00031-00024340-00024968": "the accelerating voltage to much then you can also create sample damages, because you", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00032-00024968-00025668": "shoot at the sample with more energetic electrons. You need to avoid that region as well. The", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00033-00025916-00026616": "third factor that is depending on this, the spot-size is depending on a third factor and", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00034-00026664-00027247": "that is the aperture angle. That means that if you have the gun up here and the sample", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00035-00027247-00027947": "below here, were the book is, you focus the beam into a spot, and that focusing angle", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00036-00028092-00028785": "affects the spot-size. If that angle is small which means you will need to raise the sample", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00037-00028785-00029369": "close to the gun, if you do that then the angle will be very high and then you can achieve", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00038-00029369-00029901": "a much smaller spot-size if compared to if you have the sample very long beneath the", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00039-00029901-00030601": "gun. There is also a practical thing here, if you have the aperture angle to high that", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00040-00030872-00031572": "will make more strain on the optics and it's hard to build ideal electron optics and these", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00041-00031729-00032232": "side effects will be more apparent when you increase the aperture angle. Here you have", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00042-00032232-00032775": "a give and take situation you want to increase the angle to as much as possible but still", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00043-00032775-00033475": "not be out in this zone where the aberrations of the microscope starts to take over and", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00044-00033584-00034718": "drop the resolution for you. Summary: small spot-size = low beam current,high", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00045-00034800-00035500": "brightness on the source, great aperture angle.", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00046-00035818-00036312": "The next thing is a continuation on the beam", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00047-00036375-00037058": "current. If you drop the beam current so it becomes to low then you will of course have", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00048-00037058-00037758": "noise taking over in the detector. The detector measures a signal. I can draw that for you:", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00049-00037880-00038580": "lets say we have this graph, on the x-axis we have the \"surface profile\" (scanning direction),", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00050-00038756-00039382": "and on the y-axis we have signal intensity. We can describe this as a cross section view", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00051-00039382-00040082": "of the surface. Then I add some noise on this signal with my red pen here. Then we can see", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00052-00040239-00040939": "in this graph that the big valleys and mountains will be visible because that is higher than", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00053-00040962-00041662": "the noise. The small changes in the middle of this graph those will not be visible because", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00054-00041700-00042400": "it's hidden by the noise. There is a criteria that governs this, the Rose visibility criteria,", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00055-00042571-00043271": "and that states that for you to distinguish to objects from the background in the signal", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00056-00043277-00044435": "then the signal change (delta S) must be 5x larger than the noise (N). The signal, whats", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00057-00044584-00045201": "that?, that's the electrons that we measure in the detector so that is a counting of discrete", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00058-00045201-00045901": "values and that gives that we can describe this as a statistical phenomena. The change", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00059-00046239-00046939": "in signal must be more than 5x sqrt( counts). If you relate this to contrast of the image,", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00060-00047194-00047782": "you know that contrast is defined as the relative change in signal compared to the overall signal.", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00061-00047862-00048398": "Contrast is the change of signal relative to the background signal, must be larger than", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00062-00048672-00048990": "5x the statistical noise error over the signal.", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00063-00049188-00049546": "Which is the same as the total count. That", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00064-00049546-00050246": "means that the signal counting average value must be bigger than five times over the contrast squared.", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00065-00051267-00051812": "Now we know how many electrons we need to count in order to achieve the contrast", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00066-00051839-00052526": "necessary to actually detect this feature in the image. We can describe this as a function", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00067-00052526-00053462": "of time, and that time is called the dwelling time. The electrons that we count is an electrical", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00068-00053744-00054407": "signal (current), that is just the number of electrons times the elementary charge divided", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00069-00054407-00055059": "by the dwelling time (Tau). We know that the image is a digital image, a rastering image,", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00070-00055059-00055759": "pixel by pixel and these pixel will be a scanning position on the sample, were you count electrons.", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00071-00056049-00056695": "That means that in order to achieve this minimum number of electrons that we need to count", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00072-00056695-00057149": "we need to spend a minimum amount time in each pixel when we do this counting. if this", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00073-00057149-00057849": "is a backscattering image that we are taking we know that the backscattering electrons", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00074-00057892-00058504": "is a function of the elements and that's depending on whats called the backscattering coefficient,", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00075-00058504-00059196": "and just as a ruff value we can say that this is around 1/2. That means that the signal,", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00076-00059196-00059879": "this current signal in the detector will be proportional to the beam current (ip), it", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00077-00059879-00060402": "will not be the same but it will be proportional. This proportional factor we can call epsilon.", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00078-00060402-00061102": "So then we can describe the minimum beam current that is required in order to fulfill the necessary", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00079-00061389-00061897": "amount of electrons that needs to counted in the detector on this specific dwelling", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00080-00061897-00062483": "time. Because we scan the image, pixel by pixel, we can choose a screen resolution of", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00081-00062483-00063115": "this image. If you want an higher resolution that means you need to scan more pixels and", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00082-00063115-00063636": "if you want to achieve that in the same frame rate time, then the dwelling time must be", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00083-00063636-00064241": "reduced and that means you must increase the beam current. So you can relate the dwelling", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00084-00064241-00064941": "time to the scanning frame rate basically. We can give a value on the dwelling time as", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00085-00065266-00065554": "function of the time (tf) to scan a scan image.", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00086-00065848-00066098": "Basically this says that if you drop the beam", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00087-00066125-00066693": "current then you need to increase the dwelling time in order to achieve the same signal to", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00088-00066693-00067257": "noise ratio and if you need to have an higher dwelling time, that means either must scan", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00089-00067448-00067640": "with lower resolution in the image,", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00090-00067860-00068054": "fewer pixels, or you need to increase the total", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00091-00068314-00068742": "time to scan the full image. Allright, to summarize lecture one, I talked", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00092-00068743-00069443": "about the spot-size and the importance of knowing what controls this because it affects", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00093-00069522-00070017": "resolution, you need to have a small spot-size as possible, that's usually the case, the", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00094-00070017-00070608": "brightness, high brightness gives better performance and different kinds of guns can give different", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00095-00070608-00071174": "brightness. You have the focusing aperture angle, it's good to have that large, it's", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00096-00071174-00071787": "beneficial for you. The beam current will also have an effect on this but if you have", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00097-00071787-00072377": "a too low beam current you will get practical signal to noise ratio problems and that will", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00098-00072377-00073077": "give you a noisy image and poor results. That was lecture one, now I want you to continue", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00099-00073216-00073735": "and do some problems, I have given them out below here and after that you can continue", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00100-00073735-00074300": "on lecture two that I will give and the I talk about the beam that interacts with the", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00101-00074300-00074829": "sample and there we have a different problem situation and it sort of contradicts what", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00102-00074829-00075352": "I have said here in lecture one. In lecture two I will also give you a complex problem", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00103-00075352-00075894": "to solve and discuss with other colleges in your group. Good luck with the questions below", "eCrvE-sVSxA-00104-00075894-00076027": "and I see you on lecture two."}}, {"audio_id": "eCwQzXdDfLo", "text": {"eCwQzXdDfLo-00000-00001702-00002407": "In this video, I'm going to showcase a constructed language, a conlang, that I've spent the last", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00001-00002407-00003011": "month or so creating. The language isn't complete by any means, though I'm not sure exactly", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00002-00003011-00003475": "what that would entail. The name of the language, I've decided, is", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00003-00003475-00004303": "\"Denamn,\" or \"Denamn sa maña,\" meaning \"language of skill or art,\" or simply \"art lang,\" because", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00004-00004303-00004787": "that's what it is, an art lang, though with the purpose of demonstrating simplicity and", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00005-00004787-00005369": "internationality, it bears some resemblance to an auxiliary language. Simplicity was a", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00006-00005369-00006044": "foremost priority, and the simplest place to start is with simple phonology and phonotactics.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00007-00006044-00006684": "In my philosophy, simplicity also facilitates disambiguation in communication, and as such,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00008-00006684-00007286": "I wanted to bake that simplicity into the orthography, along with its internationality.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00009-00007286-00007917": "This is why I designed the phonology and orthography concurrently. I also find that elegance can", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00010-00007917-00008497": "invite simplicity, and vice versa, so I started with the simplest shape I could think of.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00011-00008497-00009256": "A circle. I considered what a circle consists of; four curves, or rather, a single curve", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00012-00009256-00009867": "in four different orientations. With four different orientations of a curve and a whole", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00013-00009867-00010447": "circle, we already have five fairly distinct symbols.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00014-00010447-00010918": "Counter to my philosophy of simplicity, the phonological designation of each symbol will", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00015-00010918-00011681": "always be essentially arbitrary. For the orthography, I took a lot of inspiration from Korean Hangul,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00016-00011681-00012215": "but the reduction of shapes is not conducive to obvious or self evident sound symbols.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00017-00012215-00012754": "Instead, I decided to simplify it further; reduce the five shapes to three, and apply", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00018-00012754-00013319": "simple and consisent rules to manipulate those shapes.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00019-00013319-00014094": "So here we are; a curve pointing down, a curve pointing up, and a circle. Simple. These are", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00020-00014094-00014813": "the nasal stops, and will be the basis of the remaining symbols. Three nasal stops?", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00021-00014813-00015453": "Yes; /m/ /n/ and /ŋ/.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00022-00015453-00015953": "Two points to make here; the /ŋ/ sound is included so as to facilitate the distinction", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00023-00015953-00016520": "between that sound in words like \"hanger\" and \"hunger,\" that is, whether it is followed by", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00024-00016520-00016995": "a stop consonant or not. Notice that the glyphs are already arranged in a", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00025-00016995-00017698": "pattern; each column represents a category of manner of articulation, and each row represents", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00026-00017698-00018506": "a place of articulation. This is the trend that the other glyphs build on.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00027-00018506-00019390": "After the nasal stops, we have the voiced stops, labial /b/, coronal /d/ and laryngeo-dorsal /g/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00028-00019390-00020012": "We represent these by simply mirroring the starting symbol; similar, but different.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00029-00020012-00020566": "But how do you flip a circle? Admittedly, you can't, so instead I decided to give it", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00030-00020566-00021247": "a little tail, or a half column, representing I suppose a kind of support for the /ŋ/ sound.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00031-00021247-00022209": "Then the voiceless stops, labial /p/, coronal /t/ and laryngeo-dorsal /k/. These are, again,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00032-00022209-00022647": "similar but different to the last column. They seem like they're essentially just harder", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00033-00022647-00023287": "versions of the same sounds; similar, but more intense. We represent this by stacking", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00034-00023287-00023950": "each symbol atop itself, doubling it. Here, the voiceless laryngeo-dorsal, that is /k/,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00035-00023950-00024304": "loses its tail again.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00036-00024304-00025092": "Lastly, we have fricatives and approximants. That means, labial /v/, or rather, /ʋ/,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00037-00025092-00025973": "coronal /s/ and /l/, that's two sounds, take note, and laryngeodorsal /h/. Here we bring in that column", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00038-00025973-00026444": "again, but this time it's a full column, first on the left of the symbol, and if we need", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00039-00026444-00026716": "another symbol, on the right.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00040-00026716-00027094": "But hang on, a lot of these sounds aren't that international!", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00041-00027094-00027533": "That's right, but given that each sound is so fairly distinct, most of them have multiple", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00042-00027533-00028275": "different options for pronunciation; essentially the only  guides are, so long as it's distinct and intelligible,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00043-00028276-00028448": "it is correct.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00044-00028524-00029036": "As such, the /ʋ/ functions both as /ʋ/, /v/ and a slight /f/,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00045-00029172-00029726": "and /s/ functions as /s/, /θ/ and various /ʃ/-/ɕ/ like sounds.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00046-00029762-00030195": "/l/and /h/ are kind of interesting, as they both cover different", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00047-00030195-00030870": "types of rhotic sounds, where /l/ covers various retroflex, tapped or trilled rhotics, and", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00048-00030870-00031492": "/h/ covers laryngeo-dorsal rhotics such as /ʀ/ and /ʁ/, as well as a wide spectrum of", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00049-00031492-00032118": "/x/ like velar and uvular fricatives. This should allow any given phonology to apply", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00050-00032119-00032594": "roughly to this language; if you speak, say, japanese, you needn't distinguish between", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00051-00032594-00033097": "/l/ and tapped or trilled /ɺ/ sounds, and if you can't roll your /ɾ/, simply pronounce", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00052-00033097-00033766": "it as /l/ instead. Likewise, if you're Spanish, you might have a hard time with /h/ sounds,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00053-00033766-00034349": "so simply substitute a /x/ sound, like that of a Spanish J.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00054-00034349-00034798": "In all secrecy, there are three more symbols, but their only function is in proper nouns", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00055-00034798-00035368": "and names, which are translated or transliterated phonetically, necessitating a finer distinction", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00056-00035368-00036072": "between /s/ and /z/, between /h/ and /ʀ/, and between /v/ and /f/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00057-00036326-00037090": "And there we go. From a simple shape to 13, or 16, fairly distinct consonants. If this", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00058-00037090-00037573": "were an abjad, that'd be all we needed, and while it was designed to be able to function", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00059-00037573-00038121": "as such, it is not its main purpose. As such, we need some sonorous sounds to put in between", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00060-00038121-00038278": "the consonants.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00061-00038278-00038936": "And I do mean literally between the consonants. Other than Hangul, a major inspiration for", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00062-00038936-00039480": "the orthography was Sanskrit, because of its beauty and style, and the idea of a pseudo-abugida,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00063-00039480-00040296": "or a kind of abjad, like Arabic or Hebrew, but with mandatory diacritical vowel marks.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00064-00040296-00040850": "Through those, along with Tolkien's elvish Tengwar, I ended up deciding that vowels should", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00065-00040850-00041585": "function as a kind of diacritic, marked above or below, besides or sometimes inside consonants;", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00066-00041585-00042146": "as such, we can use the simple placement or position of the vowel symbols to convey information,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00067-00042146-00042518": "specifically about syllabic stress or emphasis.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00068-00042684-00043230": "For simplicity, consonant-vowel pairs, or vowel-consonant pairs, are read in the direction", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00069-00043230-00043725": "of reading; unless otherwise specified, that means from left to right, and from top to", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00070-00043725-00044222": "bottom. That means that a vowel symbol above a consonant precedes it.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00071-00044222-00044842": "I call this a proximal position, because it is closer to the reader in a sense; /am/.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00072-00044908-00045740": "This  is also one of the two emphatic positions. If a vowel symbol appears beneath or inside", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00073-00045740-00046334": "a consonant, it comes after that consonant. I call this a distal position; /ma/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00074-00046334-00046858": "This position is always unemphatic, that is, unstressed.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00075-00046859-00047452": "But what if a word ends in a stressed vowel? Then that vowel must take a distal, emphatic", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00076-00047452-00047914": "position; next to the consonant according to the direction of reading: /ma/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00077-00047966-00048563": "Conversely, a word beginning with an unstressed vowel must take a proximal unemphatic position,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00078-00048564-00049014": "before the consonant according to the direction of reading: /am/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00079-00049064-00049208": "/ma'ma/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00080-00049208-00049340": "/'mama/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00081-00049362-00049482": "/am'am/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00082-00049482-00049610": "/'amam/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00083-00049742-00050392": "Note that, while I use a very classically European method of syllabic stress for emphasis,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00084-00050392-00050986": "any sort of emphasis is valid, such as tonal distinctions; the key is the distinction itself,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00085-00050986-00051487": "and the intelligibility of that distinction.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00086-00051487-00051863": "Now that you understand the concept of vowel positions, let's take a look at the vowels", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00087-00051863-00052801": "themselves. They are /ɔ/, /a/ and /ɛ/. This little dot represents /ɔ/. This little", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00088-00052801-00053529": "smile is /a/ and the long stroke is /ɛ/. There's also this little short stroke, which is the", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00089-00053529-00054106": "/ə/ mark that only sort of counts as a vowel  and it's really just there for clarity. It", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00090-00054106-00054522": "also can't be emphasized, and it doesn't appear in dipthongs.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00091-00054522-00054729": "Right, diphthongs!", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00092-00054730-00055229": "We have three vowels, not counting schwa, and all combinations are allowed. Forming", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00093-00055229-00055804": "a diphthong is quite simple; you simply arrange the vowels according to the direction of reading;", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00094-00055804-00056291": "that is, unless otherwise specified, left to right, top to bottom.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00095-00056291-00056591": "So we have /ɔ/ /a/ and /ɛ/.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00096-00056591-00057244": "Two /ɔ/ become /u/ or /ʊo/. /ɔ/ & /a/ become /ʊa/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00097-00057244-00058666": "/ɔ/ & /ɛ become /ɔj/. /a/ & /ɔ/ become /aʊ/, two /a/ become /æ/ or /a:/,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00098-00058666-00058939": "and /a/ & /ɛ/ become /aj/.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00099-00058939-00059975": "Lastly, /ɛ/ & /ɔ/ become /jo/, (not /œw/), /ɛ/ & /a/ become /ja/ and finally, most interestingly, if you", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00100-00059975-00060966": "ask me, two /ɛ/ become /jɛ/ /ɛj/ or, most commonly /i/. That makes 12 vowels total, 13", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00101-00060966-00061481": "counting the schwa, but even moreso than with the consonants, the reader need only learn", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00102-00061481-00061997": "three basic shapes to get the gist of the rest, and as mentioned before, the schwa only", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00103-00061997-00062366": "exists for clarity.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00104-00062366-00062822": "Both monophthongs and diphthongs are free of orientation, meaning their basic shapes", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00105-00062823-00063520": "can be rotated freely and still mean the same thing; this is partly for aesthetic reasons,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00106-00063520-00063967": "and partly to make it easier to write by hand. Just remember the direction of reading when", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00107-00063967-00064226": "writing diphthongs.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00108-00064332-00064758": "Notice that while some diphthongs have more than one pronunciation, and that both pronunciations", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00109-00064758-00065225": "are technically valid, in a hypothetical use scenario, these distinctions are designed", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00110-00065225-00065754": "to even out and fall to speaker consensus eventually, while perhaps still being somewhat", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00111-00065754-00066408": "contextual; in the compendium, I justify the various pronunciation suggestions based on", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00112-00066408-00066966": "a syllable's placement within a word, and with that, let's get into phonotactics.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00113-00067147-00067674": "The most important phonotactic rule is this; if you're having trouble with a consonant", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00114-00067674-00068329": "cluster, insert a schwa. This is called the auxiliary schwa. It is always unstressed,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00115-00068329-00068950": "and it allows any given written consonant cluster to be pronounced as a pseudo-syllable.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00116-00068950-00069401": "With this in mind, it becomes clear that the schwa mark, the short stroke we talked about", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00117-00069401-00070051": "earlier, isn't always entirely necessary; only some lexemes actually contain a distinguishing", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00118-00070051-00070458": "schwa, and as such, they are marked differently in romanization.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00119-00070458-00071128": "That said, if you can pronounce a given consonant cluster with ease, you're very welcome to.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00120-00071169-00071748": "Certain clusters naturally invite pronounciations that aren't usually found in germanic or romantic", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00121-00071749-00072225": "languages, which I like to think emphasizes the intended internationality.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00122-00072225-00072360": "/hɬ/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00123-00072360-00072466": "/tɬ/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00124-00072466-00072658": "/gɬ/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00125-00072658-00072782": "/mb/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00126-00072782-00072878": "/nd/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00127-00072878-00073044": "/ŋg/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00128-00073044-00073148": "/ts/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00129-00073150-00073268": "/sʁ/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00130-00073288-00073468": "/dʁ/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00131-00073538-00073880": "Ultimately, in a hypothetical use scenario,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00132-00073880-00074451": "these prounciation differences would likely level out and reach some consensus. Instead,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00133-00074451-00074928": "let's look at some consonant-vowel pairs.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00134-00074928-00075324": "Most consonant-vowel pairs should be fairly obvious; you take your consonant", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00135-00075324-00075581": "/m/ and your vowel", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00136-00075581-00075764": "/a/ and put them together", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00137-00075764-00075992": "/ma/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00138-00075992-00076515": "Of course, not every sound is created equal. Let's look at the voiced and unvoiced stops,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00139-00076515-00076855": "along with the diphthongs that start with E.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00140-00078844-00079718": "Again, the only real rule is to keep it distinct and intelligible, and preferably consistent.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00141-00079718-00080453": "I mentioned some of my inspirations earlier; Hangul, Sanskrit, abjads, but up until now,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00142-00080453-00081157": "I've only presented the simple glyph characters. Let's change that.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00143-00081157-00081894": "Much better. Notice the very sanskrit inspired horizontal line at the top of each consonant;", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00144-00081894-00082416": "while this was initially an aesthetic choice, I discovered that it greatly increased differentiation", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00145-00082416-00083040": "between which vowels are above and which are not above a consonant. It also reduces the", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00146-00083040-00083591": "area needed to write, in that spaces between words can be indicated by a break in the line,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00147-00083591-00084194": "rather than a full space. Now that the orthography is a bit nicer to", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00148-00084194-00084630": "look at, let's do some grammar.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00149-00084630-00085276": "Much like the orthography, the grammar was subject to several iterations. I wandered", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00150-00085276-00085856": "back and forth between very strict and wide inflections for both verbs and nouns and even", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00151-00085856-00086495": "adjectives, and simpler particle indication systems more akin to many creole languages.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00152-00086495-00087082": "In the end, I did decide on a limited set of cases and liberal use of simple particles.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00153-00087082-00087400": "Let's take a look at them, starting with pronouns.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00154-00087400-00087921": "There are six different kinds of pronouns. The most interesting are the first person", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00155-00087921-00088323": "plural pronouns and the different 3rd person pronouns.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00156-00088323-00088932": "Firstly, first person plural, that is \"we, us,\" has two different kinds depending on", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00157-00088932-00089574": "context. They are both formed by adding the plural indicator particle, /ʋi/ before a first", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00158-00089574-00090176": "person pronoun; the distinction comes down to clusivity, that is, who, in context, are", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00159-00090176-00091008": "\"we\"? \"vê o\" refers to the speaker and the speaker's associates or friends, but not the listener,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00160-00091008-00091735": "\"vê nê\" or simply \"vê\", refers to the speaker and the listener. Notice that the substitution", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00161-00091735-00092268": "of \"vê\" is not taken from germanic languages; rather it is a considered contraction of the", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00162-00092268-00092912": "plural particle \"vê\" and the pronoun \"ê\". As such, \"vê nê\" could be considered an emphatic version", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00163-00092912-00093488": "of the same pronoun. If one is ever confused about which form to use, exclusive or inclusive,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00164-00093488-00093941": "I find that it's probably good manners to use the inclusive form.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00165-00093941-00095207": "Then of course there are the 2nd person pronouns, \"co, ca\" and \"vê co, vê ca\". The \"co/ca\" distinction", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00166-00095207-00095851": "may suggest gender or some such, but this is not the case; rather it is a weak for of", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00167-00095851-00096401": "vowel harmony; you simply use which ever one is simpler to say in context of what you're", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00168-00096401-00097040": "saying. If you're moving from or to a syllable with an O, you use \"co\", and similarly with", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00169-00097040-00097880": "\"ca\" for a syllable with an A. In the case of E, I or YE, well, you do you. These are essentially", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00170-00097880-00098292": "considered different pronunciations of the same word.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00171-00098292-00099056": "Next, the 3rd person general; \"sê, vê sê,\" meaning, of course, \"he, she, it\" and \"they\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00172-00099056-00100017": "The last two are also 3rd person pronouns, but they're a bit more complicated.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00173-00100017-00100913": "We have \"va, vê va,\" which basically means this, this one, these. That is, something near to", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00174-00100913-00101676": "or held by the speaker. Conversly, we have \"vo, vê vo,\" meaning that,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00175-00101676-00102341": "that one, those, ergo something far away from the speaker, or held by the listener, or rather,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00176-00102341-00102930": "the one who the speaker speaks to. Further more, \"va\" and \"vo\" can be used to specify", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00177-00102930-00103468": "references to grammatical elements that could in at least many indo-european languages be", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00178-00103468-00104034": "quite ambiguous. As such, \"va\" can be added to another pronoun or used on its own to refer", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00179-00104034-00104644": "to the subject of a sentence, where as \"vo\" can be used to refer to the object, direct", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00180-00104644-00105229": "or indirect. Think of the sentence \"it gave it its clothes,\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00181-00105229-00105911": "where \"its\" can refer to either the subject \"it\" or the object \"it.\" In Denamn, we would", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00182-00105911-00106633": "clarify this by saying \"it gave VO VA's clothes,\" if it is the subject's clothes, or if the", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00183-00106633-00107334": "clothes already belong to the object, \"it gave VO VO's clothes.\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00184-00107334-00107828": "Those are the pronouns. Notice that they aren't declined for case or number; everything is", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00185-00107828-00108434": "done with particles. The plural particle \"vê\" functions for pronouns, as well as nouns.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00186-00108434-00108842": "Instead of \"cars,\" we would say \"vê car.\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00187-00108842-00109361": "Given the simplistic grammar, that phrase, \"vê car,\" could be interpreted as \"we are", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00188-00109361-00109945": "driving a car.\" So how do we make the distinction? There are a couple of ways. The first most", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00189-00109945-00110625": "basic way is using a verb indicator particle. There are two verb indicator particles, \"cê\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00190-00110625-00111481": "for the active voice, and \"cô\" for the passive voice. The verb itself is never conjugated.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00191-00111481-00112063": "Beyond the verb indicator mark, we can introduce tenses with the particle \"må\". A quick note", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00192-00112063-00112570": "here, \"må\" is the only particle with perfect vowel harmony; it always adopts the basic", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00193-00112570-00113124": "non-schwa vowel form of the vowel nearest to it in the verb it describes. To understand", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00194-00113124-00113620": "this, let's talk about how it works. If there is no tense marker, the present tense", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00195-00113620-00114268": "is assumed. If the tense marker comes after a verb, this indicates the past tense. Likewise,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00196-00114268-00114893": "if the particle comes before a verb, it indicates the future tense. This is true for both active", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00197-00114893-00115479": "and passive voice. So, if the particle comes before a verb, it", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00198-00115479-00116234": "adopts the verb's first non-schwa vowel. \"me cêstêl\"; counted, or has counted. If the particle", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00199-00116234-00116953": "comes after a verb, it adopts the verb's last non-schwa vowel. \"cêstêl me\"; will count, or", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00200-00116953-00117297": "going to count.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00201-00117297-00117891": "Another kind of verb indicator are the imperative particles; \"tama\" indicates active imperative,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00202-00117891-00118205": "while \"tana\" indicates passive imperative.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00203-00118205-00118897": "For all of these forms, we assume the indicative mood, that is, we assume that what we're talking", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00204-00118897-00119473": "about is factual, truthful, matter of factly so. To indicate otherwise, we need to use", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00205-00119473-00120128": "the subjunctive particle, \"ta\". The subjunctive mood indicates things like counterfactuality,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00206-00120128-00120675": "uncertainty or desire. A sentence like \"I might leave\" or \"I want to leave\" would be", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00207-00120675-00121315": "translated using the subjunctive mood, as would \"I think he left.\" Here the English", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00208-00121315-00122129": "auxiliary verbs, \"might, want\" and \"think\" are made superfluous.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00209-00122129-00122849": "There are two further forms; the gerund, which uses the particle \"to,\" and the agent noun particle,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00210-00122849-00123652": "which uses the particle \"ve\" or \"vel\". Gerunds don't work quite as they do in English,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00211-00123652-00124201": "taking more inspiration from Greek and Pidgin languages. That is, a gerund is used to make", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00212-00124201-00124780": "a verb form that indicates the performance of the action of that verb.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00213-00124780-00125339": "In English, you would think of \"a walking stick\" as a stick used to help you walk. In", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00214-00125339-00125891": "Denamn, \"a walking stick\" would be interpreted as \"a stick that walks on its own,\" or \"a", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00215-00125891-00126521": "stick for the people who walk.\" To be quite honest, I'm not sure what this object is in", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00216-00126521-00126984": "reality, but it serves as a good example. With this logic, we can create a lot of more", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00217-00126984-00127536": "complex terms from simple verbs. Further more, gerunds can assume the grammatical function", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00218-00127536-00128081": "of any element; a verb, a noun or an adjective, by simply adding the relevant particles along", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00219-00128081-00128314": "with the gerund particle \"to.\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00220-00128314-00128955": "Let's take an example in Denamn, \"cê cêstês,\" to count or calculate.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00221-00128955-00129652": "To say \"he is counting,\" or \"he counts or calculates,\" we simply say \"sê cê cêstês.\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00222-00129652-00130285": "What kind of person just sits around counting and calculating? Mathematicians or accountants.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00223-00130285-00131049": "So our subject is a Mathematician, let's say. To express this, we simply say \"sê to cêstês.\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00224-00131049-00131637": "Notice there is no verb for \"is;\" copulative \"to be\" does not occur explicitly, and is", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00225-00131637-00132269": "always assumed to be implicit between a subject pronoun or noun and its descriptive noun or", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00226-00132269-00132898": "adjective. In other words, the sentense \"he is a mathematician,\" \"sê to cêstês,\" is literally", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00227-00132898-00133790": "translated as \"he mathematician,\" or even more literally, \"he calculation-performing-party\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00228-00133790-00134350": "If a gerund form of a verb is still unclear in some contexts, such as \"to cêstês,\" which", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00229-00134350-00134944": "could also mean an electronic calculator or a computer, one can use the agent noun form,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00230-00134944-00135599": "or its passive counterpart, the patient noun form, with the particle \"ve\" or \"vel.\" The distinction", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00231-00135599-00136026": "between the two, \"ve\" and \"vel,\" is entirely based on the speaker's personal preference, and", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00232-00136026-00136573": "the two are completely interchangeable. The distinction between active and passive voice", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00233-00136573-00137172": "is made through the verb indicators we discusses earlier; \"cê\" and \"cô.\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00234-00137172-00137673": "Unlike the Gerund, the agent noun form always refers to an active performer, which will", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00235-00137673-00138275": "likely be a person or at least a living being, and as such it is good form to use a relevant", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00236-00138275-00139145": "pronoun as a pseudo-article. So we can form the argument \"sê cê cêstês vel,\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00237-00139145-00139864": "meaning \"he (is) a calculator,\" or rather, \"he (is) one who performs calculations\" i.e.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00238-00139864-00140397": "a mathematician. We can also use the passive voice to our advantage", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00239-00140397-00141342": "here, \"sê cô cêstês vel,\" \"it (is) calculated,\" meaning a calculation or the result of a calculation.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00240-00141342-00141801": "These various distinctions allow us to recycle the same lexeme to mean different things based", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00241-00141801-00142398": "on its basic form, indicated by a variety of particles. As such, most lexemes will have", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00242-00142398-00142969": "associated but distinct verb forms, noun forms and adjective forms, sometimes also forms", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00243-00142969-00143502": "as particles, pronouns or prepositions, as well as occasional specific gerund forms as", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00244-00143502-00144036": "either or both verbs, adjectives and nouns.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00245-00144036-00144661": "Speaking of, nouns have four basic forms. All the forms utilize a relevant pronoun,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00246-00144661-00145108": "but this may not always be necessary to get across what you mean.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00247-00145108-00145586": "The subject form has no particle, other than the pronoun. You simply use the pronoun as", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00248-00145586-00146373": "a pseudo-article and then the noun. \"sê cêstêl\" means \"the number.\" \"va cêstêl\" means \"this", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00249-00146373-00147221": "number,\" and \"vo cêstêl\" means \"that number.\" The subject is the actor or agent of a verb,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00250-00147221-00147769": "and that verb may take an object, that is, an element that is acted upon. We indicate", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00251-00147769-00148405": "this with the direct object particle \"dô.\" This is used to indicate the direct object of transitive", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00252-00148405-00149083": "verbs. But not all verbs are transitive; some are intransitive, and yet still take an object.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00253-00149083-00149672": "We call this an indirect object, and it's simply indicated using a relevant preposition.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00254-00149672-00150324": "In English, these are words such as \"in, with, toward.\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00255-00150324-00150899": "These forms mirror basic cases of European languages; nominative, accusative, and dative", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00256-00150899-00151588": "or ablative. That leaves the genitive case, or the possessive case. Words like \"his, hers,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00257-00151588-00152368": "my, your.\" To indicate these kinds of relations, we use the particle \"sa.\"  \"sê sa cêstêl,\" \"beloning", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00258-00152368-00152722": "to the number.\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00259-00152722-00153505": "So now we have tenses, moods, person and number for verbs, as well as declensions for nouns.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00260-00153505-00154067": "We can start putting together simple sentences. Let's start with a weird one.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00261-00154067-00154887": "Generally the word order is SOV, except for indirect objects, which come after the verb.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00262-00154887-00155540": "We write this as S dO V iO.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00263-00155540-00156268": "The sentence is: \"ve cêstêl vo dô cêstêl cê cêstêl ve sa cêstêl\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00264-00156268-00156692": "meaning, the number counts the number's number.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00265-00156693-00157301": "This is a fairly ambiguous sentence in English. Let's unpack the original sentence.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00266-00157301-00157871": "\"ve cêstêl,\" this number, the one over here, which is the subject", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00267-00157871-00158682": "\"vo dô cêstêl,\" that number, which is a direct object - already the two are distinct", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00268-00158682-00159403": "\"cê cêstêl,\" count, with no particle other than the indicative verb particle. We can", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00269-00159403-00159910": "then assume it is performed by the subject, so we'll translate it as \"the number counts\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00270-00159910-00160795": "\"ve sa cêstêl,\" \"belonging to the number,\" but which number? well, \"ve\" number, of course.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00271-00160795-00161388": "Meaning, the number that is also the subject of the verb; \"this number.\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00272-00161388-00161849": "You might have already noticed that I pronounced the same lexeme in two different ways; when", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00273-00161849-00162529": "a lexeme is a noun, an adjective or an adverb, the stress or emphasis falls on the very last", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00274-00162529-00162942": "non-schwa vowel; /kist'il/", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00275-00162942-00163522": "When the lexeme is a verb, or a verb form such as gerund or agent/patient noun, the", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00276-00163522-00164078": "emphasis falls on the second to last non-schwa vowel, /'kistil/.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00277-00164146-00164722": "So, in speech, we can differentiate quite easily between a word that is a verb and a", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00278-00164722-00165313": "word that is not a verb. If you remember from earlier, we use the position of vowels in", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00279-00165313-00165862": "our orthography to indicate syllabic emphasis; as such, we can make the same distinction", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00280-00165862-00166521": "quite easily in writing, which I hope would increase reading comprehension.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00281-00166521-00167104": "As such, with all of these particles, there is a lot of redundant information. Sometimes,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00282-00167104-00167634": "that redundancy is a good thing, such as with a beginning or learning speaker. But it also", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00283-00167634-00168177": "creates more work to pronounce and write. In a hypothetical use scenario, a lot of these", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00284-00168177-00168671": "particles would gradually fade out or only be used in clarifying circumstances, in favor", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00285-00168671-00169240": "of even simpler forms deduced from word order and syllabic emphasis.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00286-00169240-00169792": "To be sure, the indicative verb indicator particle, \"cê,\" is not always necessary, given", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00287-00169792-00170380": "that a verb is also indicated by the placement of its syllabic emphasis. Likewise, a gerund", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00288-00170380-00170876": "will be obvious, in that it sounds like a verb in terms of syllabic stress, but takes", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00289-00170876-00171522": "the syntactic position of a noun - so the gerund particle \"ta\" is not always necessary.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00290-00171522-00172159": "Likewise, in conversation, once the subject of conversation has been established, pronouns", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00291-00172159-00172850": "may in certain circumstances be omitted entirely; as such, as I somewhat erroneously said earlier,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00292-00172850-00173542": "the lone plural particle \"vê\" may not always refer to the first person plural in context.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00293-00173542-00174142": "The key word is context. If ambiguity arises, knowing and mastering the simple particles", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00294-00174142-00174744": "can quickly eliminate it. In a hypothetical use scenario, a native or even just a trained", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00295-00174744-00175250": "speaker would almost naturally sense when disambiguation would be necessary or helpful", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00296-00175250-00175705": "and when it wouldn't.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00297-00175705-00176253": "The last grammatical function we'll look at are the adjectival forms, of which there are", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00298-00176253-00177076": "five. Positive, or basic form, \"van\", such as English ”good,” comparative, \"vôn\", such", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00299-00177076-00177907": "as English ”better,” and superlative, \"bân,\" such as English ”best.” There are", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00300-00177907-00178495": "two diminutives that function as a simple way to form antonyms without needlessly expanding", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00301-00178495-00179301": "vocabulary; the diminutive, \"lö,\" \"le\" or \"lê,\" such as english ”less,” and the negative,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00302-00179301-00180332": "or superlative diminutive, \"bân lö,\" \"bân le\" or \"bân lê,\" such as english ”least.”", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00303-00180332-00180769": "There's also the negation particle \"bö,\" which can work in conjuction with any of the other", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00304-00180769-00181372": "adjectival form particles. I call them adjectival forms, and their main", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00305-00181372-00181919": "purpose is to function as English ”-er, -est,” and such for adjectives and adverbs,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00306-00181919-00182393": "which is achieved by placing the particle directly before the adjective it describes;", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00307-00182393-00183088": "\"vôn tnau,\" ”quicker or faster,” \"bân tnau,\" ”quickest or fastest”", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00308-00183088-00183985": "But the adjectival forms can also be used to create hyponyms for nouns, or even troponyms", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00309-00183985-00184377": "for verbs, by placing the particle after the lexeme.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00310-00184377-00185001": "\"lañca\" a stream of water; \"lañca bân,\" a great river", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00311-00185001-00185646": "\"osedô,\" to walk; \"osedô bân,\" to run", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00312-00185646-00186423": "Again, context is important; if the subject of conversation is ”the river,” it might", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00313-00186423-00187087": "not be necessary to use the superlative continously. Likewise, the positive or basic form particle", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00314-00187087-00187714": "\"van\" is mainly used for clarification, in situations where adjective-noun distinction could be", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00315-00187714-00187951": "ambiguous.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00316-00187951-00188642": "So far we've used a few vocabulary terms as examples; \"lañca, osedô, cêstêl.\"", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00317-00188766-00189176": "Let's take a quick look at how I've been producing lexemes.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00318-00189298-00189910": "Originally, I wanted to create lexemes by reconstructing a form of proto-language", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00319-00189911-00190488": "through the comparison of semantically similar reconstructions from a variety of reconstructed", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00320-00190488-00191195": "proto-languages, such as indo-european, sino-tibetan and afro-asiatic proto-languages. It quickly", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00321-00191195-00191774": "dawned on me just how much work this would be; looking up every term in three or five", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00322-00191774-00192412": "different dictionaries, matching up or averaging out phonetics, it'd be a real ordeal.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00323-00192412-00192888": "I'd still like to use this concept in the future, perhaps for another language, but I think", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00324-00192888-00193244": "the best way to do it would be to automate some of the process.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00325-00193244-00193886": "Instead, I decided to divide words into categories of words, by topic or grammatical function,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00326-00193886-00194452": "and as evenly as possible distribute those categories across different language families;", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00327-00194452-00194933": "when I did suspect a certain overlap, however, I sometimes did revert to the original idea", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00328-00194933-00195446": "of matching up or averaging out the phonology. For the most part, however, the method was", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00329-00195446-00195656": "much simpler;", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00330-00195656-00196150": "I considered the meaning of the intended lexeme, and considered which category best suited", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00331-00196151-00196641": "it. Then it is a simple case of looking that meaning up in a relevant dictionary and surveying", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00332-00196641-00197180": "the results. Then I would simply take one of these results, and first off I'd attempt", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00333-00197180-00197798": "to reduce consonant clustering by introducing vowels. Then I'd attempt to arrange said vowels", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00334-00197798-00198259": "along with occasional schwas, in a way that might preserve the original word's syllabic", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00335-00198259-00198751": "emphasis in at least one pronunciation of the lexeme.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00336-00198751-00199247": "So far as possible, I tried keeping every lexeme between two and five syllables long,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00337-00199247-00199903": "not including auxiliary schwas. I would then attempt to pronounce the lexeme, shifting", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00338-00199903-00200420": "the emphasis to test out different forms. If I am happy with the pronunciation, I can", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00339-00200420-00200944": "then begin to derive seperate verb meanings from nouns, or noun meanings from verbs, as", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00340-00200944-00201472": "well as adjectives and adverbs, as well as the occasional gerund.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00341-00201472-00202015": "With this method, we end up with a word like \"osedö,\" which depending on context and pronunciation", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00342-00202015-00202750": "can mean, ”to walk or to run, to go somewhere,” as a noun, ”foot, or leg” or even ”shoe,”", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00343-00202750-00203348": "as an adjective, ”footlike, meaning flat, ” a gerundium noun form meaning ”runner", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00344-00203348-00203947": "or athlete,” and an adverbial form meaning ”while moving or on the way”", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00345-00203947-00204539": "The ambiguity of these semantic distinctions is essentially a test case for ambiguity in", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00346-00204539-00205004": "general. It may turn out that I would have to design a language differently to avoid", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00347-00205004-00205633": "such ambiguity while recycling lexemes. I do, however, both believe and hope that I've", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00348-00205633-00206077": "moved closer to achieving the goal of simplicity.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00349-00206077-00206654": "As of the time of writing, the compendium contains a glossary of some 300 odd lexemes,", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00350-00206654-00207209": "about half of which I believe have upwards of five or six different grammatical functions", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00351-00207209-00207835": "and subsequent semantic values. Doing a bit of loose math, that's somewhere between 700", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00352-00207835-00208698": "and 1000 different English words, not accounting for synonyms. From 300 to 1000, that easily.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00353-00208698-00209165": "The recycling of lexemes turns out to be good time management as well.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00354-00209266-00209746": "I hope you've enjoyed this showcasing. If and when this video is out of date, I'll", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00355-00209746-00210233": "be sure to mark it as such in the video title or description. The video description should", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00356-00210233-00210835": "also have a link to a download of the compendium, containing the lexeme glossary, a short overview", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00357-00210835-00211371": "of the grammar and a section on orthography, typography and pronunciation.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00358-00211371-00211832": "If you have any questions or suggestions, please leave a comment or contact me on twitter.", "eCwQzXdDfLo-00359-00211869-00212014": "Thank you for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "eDkytxWtXdc", "text": {"eDkytxWtXdc-00000-00000168-00000521": "Debra Leonard: So thank you for inviting me to come and talk", "eDkytxWtXdc-00001-00000521-00001094": "about the College of American Pathologists' Genomic Medicine Policy Framework.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00002-00001094-00001857": "This was really driven because CAP had a multiyear strategic planning process in which we identified", "eDkytxWtXdc-00003-00001857-00002063": "genomics as essential to the future of pathology, and anything that I'm going to be saying here", "eDkytxWtXdc-00004-00002063-00002163": "today you could say for primary care, you could say for medical genetics, you could", "eDkytxWtXdc-00005-00002163-00002263": "say -- so just insert your specialty of choice.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00006-00002263-00002363": "But we did feel that pathologists were key for cancer genomics.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00007-00002363-00002463": "It's sort of the garbage in/ garbage out issue with proper tissue selection, integration", "eDkytxWtXdc-00008-00002463-00002563": "with the histopathology, and other testing results.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00009-00002563-00002663": "We have a number of genomic medicine initiatives around education, creating accreditation standards", "eDkytxWtXdc-00010-00002663-00002763": "for next-gen sequencing testing, and we're in the final stages of having a proficiency", "eDkytxWtXdc-00011-00002763-00002863": "testing program for clinical laboratories.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00012-00002863-00002963": "Around the area of genomic medicine advocacy, the CAP received, as I'm sure all professional", "eDkytxWtXdc-00013-00002963-00003063": "societies do, AMP, ACMG, everybody else, requests for comments from Congress, federal and regulatory", "eDkytxWtXdc-00014-00003063-00003163": "agencies, for comments on genomic medicine issues, policies, bills.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00015-00003163-00003263": "And we had no framework for our responses.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00016-00003263-00003363": "We were being reactive and not taking a proactive approach in our advocacy around genomic medicine.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00017-00003363-00003463": "And so in 2012, the CAP initiated a development of a genomic medicine policy framework that", "eDkytxWtXdc-00018-00003463-00003563": "would be used to guide responses to requests for comments, but also to create a more proactive", "eDkytxWtXdc-00019-00003563-00003663": "advocacy position around genomic medicine.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00020-00003663-00003763": "So this policy framework was a collaboration between the CAP's Council on Government and", "eDkytxWtXdc-00021-00003763-00003863": "Professional Affairs, of which I'm a member, and the Personalized Healthcare Committee,", "eDkytxWtXdc-00022-00003863-00003963": "which I chair.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00023-00003963-00004063": "And so we identified major issue categories, which is what I'm going to be going over this", "eDkytxWtXdc-00024-00004063-00004163": "morning just very briefly, and then we divided those major issues among the members of the", "eDkytxWtXdc-00025-00004163-00004263": "group, and organized the discussion of each issue as the background of the issue, the", "eDkytxWtXdc-00026-00004263-00004363": "work that had been done to date by CAP and other organizations, the needs for that issue,", "eDkytxWtXdc-00027-00004363-00004463": "and recommendations for the college.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00028-00004463-00004563": "And then all of these different sections written by different people were unified into a coherent", "eDkytxWtXdc-00029-00004563-00004663": "document, and so at the identification of the issue stage, and then the final document", "eDkytxWtXdc-00030-00004663-00004763": "was approved, with the final document being approved in January 2013.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00031-00004763-00004863": "And this is the membership of the committee; there were 10 pathologists, and Fay Shamanski,", "eDkytxWtXdc-00032-00004863-00004963": "who's CAP staff in our Washington D.C. office.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00033-00004963-00005063": "And so the paper, the white paper, is organized as an introduction and overview of the issues,", "eDkytxWtXdc-00034-00005063-00005163": "a principle statement of the role of pathologists in genomic medicine, and then the 12 issues", "eDkytxWtXdc-00035-00005163-00005263": "that I'll be going over, and then a summary of the recommendations.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00036-00005263-00005363": "So what are the major issue topics?", "eDkytxWtXdc-00037-00005363-00005463": "Pathologists' visibility in genomic medicine.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00038-00005463-00005563": "This was much more of an issue earlier on -- when we felt like genomic medicine was", "eDkytxWtXdc-00039-00005563-00005663": "being led mostly by medical geneticists, and pathologists who had been very active in molecular", "eDkytxWtXdc-00040-00005663-00005763": "pathology were happy doing their molecular pathology tests but hadn't really jumped on", "eDkytxWtXdc-00041-00005763-00005863": "the genomic medicine bandwagon.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00042-00005863-00005963": "And so this is -- and again, you have to understand that this document -- Teri said I should not", "eDkytxWtXdc-00043-00005963-00006063": "make this sound like pathologists are going to rule the world.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00044-00006063-00006163": "[laughter]", "eDkytxWtXdc-00045-00006163-00006263": "So I have to have you understand --", "eDkytxWtXdc-00046-00006263-00006363": "Male Speaker: [inaudible]", "eDkytxWtXdc-00047-00006363-00006463": "Debra Leonard: But I do have to have you understand that", "eDkytxWtXdc-00048-00006463-00006563": "this white paper was written by the College of American Pathologists for pathologists", "eDkytxWtXdc-00049-00006563-00006663": "and directing them, so please forgive the, you know, \"pathologists will rule the world\"", "eDkytxWtXdc-00050-00006663-00006763": "implications.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00051-00006763-00006863": "It's not meant to disable anybody else.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00052-00006863-00006963": "So we also knew that there were infrastructure and resource needs around genomic medicine", "eDkytxWtXdc-00053-00006963-00007063": "and genomic testing in particular, so those pathologists, particularly molecular pathologists", "eDkytxWtXdc-00054-00007063-00007163": "who are starting to adopt next-gen sequencing technologies, had real needs, and those needed", "eDkytxWtXdc-00055-00007163-00007263": "to be addressed.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00056-00007263-00007363": "We also felt it was important to discuss the impact of patents and exclusive licensing", "eDkytxWtXdc-00057-00007363-00007463": "on how we are going to use entire genome information when about 25 percent of it is patented and/or", "eDkytxWtXdc-00058-00007463-00007563": "exclusively licensed.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00059-00007563-00007663": "Interoperability and other health information technology issues; that's already been brought", "eDkytxWtXdc-00060-00007663-00007763": "up here.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00061-00007763-00007863": "I'm not sure that any of these issues are really new to this group.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00062-00007863-00007963": "There are huge datasets, how to manage those in a quality manner so that -- and then the", "eDkytxWtXdc-00063-00007963-00008063": "interoperability between instruments, the laboratory information systems, the electronic", "eDkytxWtXdc-00064-00008063-00008163": "health record, and then the personal health record, and how you represent the data, and", "eDkytxWtXdc-00065-00008163-00008263": "what data to represent are huge issues.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00066-00008263-00008363": "The federal regulatory oversight of genomic testing is unclear.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00067-00008363-00008463": "This has been emphasized in many of the roundtables that the IOM has held, the workshops that", "eDkytxWtXdc-00068-00008463-00008563": "-- the IOM roundtable that Geoff, and I, and others are members of, and so this is something", "eDkytxWtXdc-00069-00008563-00008663": "that needs to -- needs advocacy for gaining clarification of the regulatory oversight.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00070-00008663-00008763": "Pathologists as patient consultants for genomic medicine.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00071-00008763-00008863": "So as a molecular pathologist, I would often meet with families to help them understand", "eDkytxWtXdc-00072-00008863-00008963": "the genetic testing results that we had done in the laboratory.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00073-00008963-00009063": "This is not a common role for pathologists, but we are exploring the usefulness, and have", "eDkytxWtXdc-00074-00009063-00009163": "found that patients very much appreciate having the pathologist perspective on their cancer", "eDkytxWtXdc-00075-00009163-00009263": "diagnoses, and feel that there is a role for pathologists as direct patient consultants,", "eDkytxWtXdc-00076-00009263-00009363": "and -- but there are many barriers to that.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00077-00009363-00009463": "There are also a lot of questions around payment for genomic testing itself, but the interpretations,", "eDkytxWtXdc-00078-00009463-00009563": "which are highly complex, and consultations either to other healthcare providers or to", "eDkytxWtXdc-00079-00009563-00009663": "patients and their families is not very well compensated, and while we may talk about new", "eDkytxWtXdc-00080-00009663-00009763": "CPT codes and all of that, when I am now living in Vermont with a rapid movement to per member", "eDkytxWtXdc-00081-00009763-00009863": "per month payments, I'm not sure CPT codes is going to be adequate, and so we need to", "eDkytxWtXdc-00082-00009863-00009963": "be forward thinking about how this all gets paid for.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00083-00009963-00010063": "And then there are privacy, ethical, legal, and social issues around genomic testing,", "eDkytxWtXdc-00084-00010063-00010163": "identification, privacy, other issues.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00085-00010163-00010263": "Population and public health genomics, genomic epidemiology, and clinical outcomes research,", "eDkytxWtXdc-00086-00010263-00010363": "we felt was very -- and I know this like putting a -- you know, it's like a word soup here", "eDkytxWtXdc-00087-00010363-00010463": "with actually many different issues, but how we use this information globally to improve", "eDkytxWtXdc-00088-00010463-00010563": "patient outcomes is very important.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00089-00010563-00010663": "Then we had some education topics, genomic education and training for pathologists, and", "eDkytxWtXdc-00090-00010663-00010763": "education of healthcare providers and patients on the role of pathologists in genomic medicine.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00091-00010763-00010863": "And then, finally, looking at coordinated care models and genomic medicine.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00092-00010863-00010963": "These seem to be two discussions that are happening in separate silos in the U.S., and", "eDkytxWtXdc-00093-00010963-00011063": "I know in Vermont, we have now OneCare Vermont covering 48,000 Medicare-covered lives, and", "eDkytxWtXdc-00094-00011063-00011163": "are rapidly thinking about how to bring on commercial payers in a coordinated care model.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00095-00011163-00011263": "And it's one of the reasons that I was excited about moving to the University of Vermont", "eDkytxWtXdc-00096-00011263-00011363": "-- I'm now not talking as the College of American Pathologists -- because I want to bring clinical", "eDkytxWtXdc-00097-00011363-00011463": "genomics to Fletcher Allen Healthcare and Vermont, and see what the link is to the coordinated", "eDkytxWtXdc-00098-00011463-00011563": "care models, but this also links back to this population and public health genomics and", "eDkytxWtXdc-00099-00011563-00011663": "clinical outcomes research.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00100-00011663-00011763": "So I think that around coordinated care, it'll be very interesting to see if the clinical", "eDkytxWtXdc-00101-00011763-00011863": "genomics can be linked to many of the CMS shared savings programs that are developing", "eDkytxWtXdc-00102-00011863-00011963": "across the country.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00103-00011963-00012063": "I think those are like little laboratories for genomic medicine.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00104-00012063-00012163": "So this CAP genomic medicine policy framework was completed in 2013.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00105-00012163-00012263": "It provides a global perspective for the role of pathologists in genomic medicine, discusses", "eDkytxWtXdc-00106-00012263-00012363": "issues affecting incorporation of genomic testing into pathology practices, and makes", "eDkytxWtXdc-00107-00012363-00012463": "recommendations to guide genomic medicine advocacy efforts for pathologists.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00108-00012463-00012563": "So moving forward, the CAP is developing advocacy strategies around these key issues, and we", "eDkytxWtXdc-00109-00012563-00012663": "are planning annual review of this policy framework since it's a very rapidly changing", "eDkytxWtXdc-00110-00012663-00012763": "field, and the technology is changing, and as we address issues, what needs to be done", "eDkytxWtXdc-00111-00012763-00012863": "is also changing.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00112-00012863-00012963": "So I thought for the discussion I could leave the 12 issues up there, I don't know how much", "eDkytxWtXdc-00113-00012963-00013063": "discussion there will be, and sort of grate out the ones that are so pathology-centric", "eDkytxWtXdc-00114-00013063-00013163": "that you may not want to consider them.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00115-00013163-00013263": "[laughs] But I was pleased to see in Geoff's presentation that the U.K. issues, you know,", "eDkytxWtXdc-00116-00013263-00013363": "many of the other issues are the same -- are similar in this document to national initiatives,", "eDkytxWtXdc-00117-00013363-00013463": "except for Number 12, which is very interesting when you think about U.K. and Canada, they", "eDkytxWtXdc-00118-00013463-00013563": "already have coordinated care.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00119-00013563-00013663": "And so how we do that in the U.S. is, I think, a very important issue.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00120-00013663-00013763": "So I'll stop there.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00121-00013763-00013863": "Rex Chisholm: Thanks, Debra.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00122-00013863-00013963": "We have time for a little bit of discussion about this.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00123-00013963-00014063": "You know, I wonder -- since probably the closest thing to coordinated care that we might have", "eDkytxWtXdc-00124-00014063-00014163": "here, as was alluded to earlier, was some of the Armed Forces.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00125-00014163-00014263": "Does any of this resonate with any of the participants from the armed forces here?", "eDkytxWtXdc-00126-00014263-00014363": "Or the VA, of course, yes.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00127-00014363-00014463": "[laughter]", "eDkytxWtXdc-00128-00014463-00014563": "Debra Leonard: Or even CMS, I mean, that's another type of", "eDkytxWtXdc-00129-00014563-00014663": "coordinated care model.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00130-00014663-00014763": "Male Speaker: So --", "eDkytxWtXdc-00131-00014763-00014863": "Debra Leonard: So -- go ahead.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00132-00014863-00014963": "Male Speaker: I'm sorry.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00133-00014963-00015063": "So one thing that I don't see up here is sort of the issue of how to order the right test,", "eDkytxWtXdc-00134-00015063-00015163": "and, in my experience, providers who may not be as genomic savvy as they could be order", "eDkytxWtXdc-00135-00015163-00015263": "kind of strange things, often --", "eDkytxWtXdc-00136-00015263-00015363": "Debra Leonard: Yes, they do.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00137-00015363-00015463": "Male Speaker: -- order large panels, often order very specific", "eDkytxWtXdc-00138-00015463-00015563": "whole sequence tests, when a very straightforward, even a biochemical test would be much more", "eDkytxWtXdc-00139-00015563-00015663": "appropriate.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00140-00015663-00015763": "And I'm wondering, you know, there is the coordinated care models, but that's a major", "eDkytxWtXdc-00141-00015763-00015863": "issue in trying to get genomic medicine into it, and I'm wondering how you see the role", "eDkytxWtXdc-00142-00015863-00015963": "of pathologists, I assume you --", "eDkytxWtXdc-00143-00015963-00016063": "Debra Leonard: That's that Number 1, pathologist visibility", "eDkytxWtXdc-00144-00016063-00016163": "in genomic medicine, so that includes that what's the right test, and what do these results", "eDkytxWtXdc-00145-00016163-00016263": "really mean for the patient, helping with that pre-analytical making sure you're ordering", "eDkytxWtXdc-00146-00016263-00016363": "the right test, and then the post-analytical, once the test is done, what does that really", "eDkytxWtXdc-00147-00016363-00016463": "mean for the patient and patient care decision making.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00148-00016463-00016563": "So that's hidden there.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00149-00016563-00016663": "Male Speaker: That's the number one up there.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00150-00016663-00016763": "Debra Leonard: Yeah.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00151-00016763-00016863": "It was number one for us.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00152-00016863-00016963": "[laughs]", "eDkytxWtXdc-00153-00016963-00017063": "Male Speaker: Just related to that particular point, in", "eDkytxWtXdc-00154-00017063-00017163": "Geoff's talk he mentioned, you know, the payer group that we had pulled together, one of", "eDkytxWtXdc-00155-00017163-00017263": "the work groups that was constituted is addressing that very issue which is, you know, what would", "eDkytxWtXdc-00156-00017263-00017363": "be the role that payers could potentially play in terms of educating clinicians at the", "eDkytxWtXdc-00157-00017363-00017463": "point of care to make sure that the right test gets ordered and that it gets interpreted", "eDkytxWtXdc-00158-00017463-00017563": "properly, so we've been hearing presentations from groups that have began to explore ways", "eDkytxWtXdc-00159-00017563-00017663": "to do that including the ARUP scenario that I know you're well familiar with, Larry, so", "eDkytxWtXdc-00160-00017663-00017763": "we think this is a -- I mean, as we think about all of the opportunities, I don't think", "eDkytxWtXdc-00161-00017763-00017863": "there's anyone around the table that would say, irrespective of what you think about", "eDkytxWtXdc-00162-00017863-00017963": "the utility of the test, we shouldn't be ordering the wrong test under any circumstances.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00163-00017963-00018063": "Debra Leonard: Right.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00164-00018063-00018163": "Male Speaker: So that really seems to be -- perhaps low-hanging", "eDkytxWtXdc-00165-00018163-00018263": "fruit is not even sufficient, it's rotten fruit laying on the ground that we need to", "eDkytxWtXdc-00166-00018263-00018363": "pick up.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00167-00018363-00018463": "Debra Leonard: Well, and it ties back to the clinical decision", "eDkytxWtXdc-00168-00018463-00018563": "support because I don't think pathologists can be everywhere all the time, and so pathologists", "eDkytxWtXdc-00169-00018563-00018663": "are also playing roles in development of the appropriate clinical decision support tools", "eDkytxWtXdc-00170-00018663-00018763": "for their particular institution and patient care group.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00171-00018763-00018863": "Wayman Cheatham: Wayman Cheatham again from Navy.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00172-00018863-00018963": "First of all, I want to express my thanks for having been invited to attend this meeting.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00173-00018963-00019063": "I'm sorry that I didn't have a chance to attend the earlier ones because already I can see", "eDkytxWtXdc-00174-00019063-00019163": "the robust discussion is of value to me, and perhaps I can speak in regard to the question", "eDkytxWtXdc-00175-00019163-00019263": "that pertained to the Armed Forces because as Admiral Dull [spelled phonetically] pointed", "eDkytxWtXdc-00176-00019263-00019363": "out, there are conceptions of what the Armed Forces healthcare system is and what it is", "eDkytxWtXdc-00177-00019363-00019463": "not is often overlooked.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00178-00019463-00019563": "We are currently in the midst of a process of bringing our healthcare systems closer", "eDkytxWtXdc-00179-00019563-00019663": "together.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00180-00019663-00019763": "Air Force, Navy, Army healthcare systems have been, to a large extent, somewhat disparate;", "eDkytxWtXdc-00181-00019763-00019863": "although a service member or family can obtain care at different facilities heretofore, our", "eDkytxWtXdc-00182-00019863-00019963": "processes, our health records, our activities, even in our governance structures, have been", "eDkytxWtXdc-00183-00019963-00020063": "a bit disparate.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00184-00020063-00020163": "And of course, I think that our opportunity now in coming together, and this is a process", "eDkytxWtXdc-00185-00020163-00020263": "that's been underway for several years, where we are becoming joint and our healthcare system", "eDkytxWtXdc-00186-00020263-00020363": "is becoming joint, causes us to focus more intently on the goal of a unified electronic", "eDkytxWtXdc-00187-00020363-00020463": "health record running into the same issues and problems that exist elsewhere.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00188-00020463-00020563": "But my question really has to do with what I observe from my vantage point in regard", "eDkytxWtXdc-00189-00020563-00020663": "to the vulnerabilities of having any disparate functionality whatsoever, because I'm looking", "eDkytxWtXdc-00190-00020663-00020763": "at the situation where there are commercial, there are business activities underway in", "eDkytxWtXdc-00191-00020763-00020863": "the area of \"genomics\" and \"genomic medicine,\" in quotes, that are attempting to latch onto", "eDkytxWtXdc-00192-00020863-00020963": "structures that are not unified, that are not organized, that do not have a syntax of", "eDkytxWtXdc-00193-00020963-00021063": "laws, and governance, and policies, and so forth, who actually exploit our systems for", "eDkytxWtXdc-00194-00021063-00021163": "that reason.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00195-00021163-00021263": "Colonel Sessions of the Air Force is going to speak later today, but she has been working", "eDkytxWtXdc-00196-00021263-00021363": "hard to bring our Armed Forces and DoD activities to the awareness and cognizance of the importance", "eDkytxWtXdc-00197-00021363-00021463": "of our genomic custody, so to speak, of all of our personnel.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00198-00021463-00021563": "And we're making good progress in that regard but it has been that some have not awakened", "eDkytxWtXdc-00199-00021563-00021663": "as yet and others have.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00200-00021663-00021763": "I'm looking back to the Monsanto case of recent weeks and months, and I've gone through the", "eDkytxWtXdc-00201-00021763-00021863": "list here, I didn't see anyone from the U.S. Patent Office at this session.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00202-00021863-00021963": "[laughter]", "eDkytxWtXdc-00203-00021963-00022063": "Maybe there is one, and I've just overlooked it --", "eDkytxWtXdc-00204-00022063-00022163": "Debra Leonard: Even more relevant is probably the --", "eDkytxWtXdc-00205-00022163-00022263": "Male Speaker: They're busy at the Supreme Court.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00206-00022263-00022363": "Debra Leonard: Yeah, they're busy.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00207-00022363-00022463": "Wayman Cheatham: Ah, yes.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00208-00022463-00022563": "But it seems to me that we should probably bundle them onto the cart and pull them along", "eDkytxWtXdc-00209-00022563-00022663": "because guidance, and policy, and process, even in that regard, is going to be important.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00210-00022663-00022763": "We're being badgered in here -- in the next few seconds.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00211-00022763-00022863": "We're being badgered in the military by these entrepreneurial commercial activities that", "eDkytxWtXdc-00212-00022863-00022963": "want to come and latch onto our populations, our enormous populations, with the guise that", "eDkytxWtXdc-00213-00022963-00023063": "they're going to provide greater value to us.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00214-00023063-00023163": "And of course everyone here who works for the government knows how responsive we have", "eDkytxWtXdc-00215-00023163-00023263": "to be to Congress, but how open Congress is to their constituents and business activities", "eDkytxWtXdc-00216-00023263-00023363": "who sometimes funnel those people right into our arena.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00217-00023363-00023463": "So there, in my perspective, should be, as you're pointing out, what the College of American", "eDkytxWtXdc-00218-00023463-00023563": "Pathologists is doing, a parallel process that has to do -- you have legal there, but", "eDkytxWtXdc-00219-00023563-00023663": "also patent and ownership would be important.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00220-00023663-00023763": "We're even, perhaps, potentially victimized by the academic entrepreneurial business development", "eDkytxWtXdc-00221-00023763-00023863": "activities that are at our universities but they have a mission to really make more money", "eDkytxWtXdc-00222-00023863-00023963": "for the university, throw patents on things as quickly as possible, and then promote them.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00223-00023963-00024063": "So with all of that gemish I feel satisfied now, I can rest at least for the next few", "eDkytxWtXdc-00224-00024063-00024163": "minutes without speaking.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00225-00024163-00024263": "[laughter]", "eDkytxWtXdc-00226-00024263-00024363": "Rex Chisholm: Other comments?", "eDkytxWtXdc-00227-00024363-00024463": "Yes, please.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00228-00024463-00024563": "Male Speaker: Just a quick question.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00229-00024563-00024663": "So, you know, given that this is so densely genomic, and bioinformatics, and, you know,", "eDkytxWtXdc-00230-00024663-00024763": "what kind of challenge is that for somebody who's a traditional pathologist to sort of", "eDkytxWtXdc-00231-00024763-00024863": "get into that?", "eDkytxWtXdc-00232-00024863-00024963": "I mean, I know that -- they've made the case at my campus that the pathologists should", "eDkytxWtXdc-00233-00024963-00025063": "be administering these tests.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00234-00025063-00025163": "So I'm just--", "eDkytxWtXdc-00235-00025163-00025263": "Debra Leonard: I'm not quite sure what \"administer\" means.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00236-00025263-00025363": "We -- in CAP we've come to understand, through the assessment of genomic medicine, that genomic", "eDkytxWtXdc-00237-00025363-00025463": "medicine is coming; that it's not going to be a tsunami because the clinically-relevant", "eDkytxWtXdc-00238-00025463-00025563": "information is going to happen at the pace of science and research, probably, and so", "eDkytxWtXdc-00239-00025563-00025663": "what we can apply really will happen over time.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00240-00025663-00025763": "Very rapidly, but over time.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00241-00025763-00025863": "And the pathologists -- there are a group of pathologists called molecular pathologists", "eDkytxWtXdc-00242-00025863-00025963": "who are likely going to be doing this testing -- I mean, we all hope to.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00243-00025963-00026063": "It's very exciting for us older molecular pathologists to actually have lived long enough", "eDkytxWtXdc-00244-00026063-00026163": "to see an age where we could do an individual patient's genome clinically, potentially,", "eDkytxWtXdc-00245-00026163-00026263": "and have it be relevant.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00246-00026263-00026363": "But then there are pathologists who will need to understand the ordering -- the test will", "eDkytxWtXdc-00247-00026363-00026463": "be sent out, the results will come back, but there would be integration with the other", "eDkytxWtXdc-00248-00026463-00026563": "pathology results or clinical information, either through tumor-board conferences or", "eDkytxWtXdc-00249-00026563-00026663": "those kinds of things.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00250-00026663-00026763": "So the College is actually preparing, trying to prepare all pathologists for this pre-analytical", "eDkytxWtXdc-00251-00026763-00026863": "and post-analytical phases of genomic testing so that pathologists can be informed and participate,", "eDkytxWtXdc-00252-00026863-00026963": "but also to facilitate the work of molecular pathologists in adopting the genomic testing.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00253-00026963-00027063": "So they're kind of two groups, and it's not to say that it's only the molecular pathologists", "eDkytxWtXdc-00254-00027063-00027163": "who could do the testing, but they're the first adopters among pathologists, and until", "eDkytxWtXdc-00255-00027163-00027263": "there are black box systems like our clinical chemistry analyzers, I don't think it's going", "eDkytxWtXdc-00256-00027263-00027363": "to be widely adopted by people who don't understand molecular biology and genetics and genomics", "eDkytxWtXdc-00257-00027363-00027463": "very well.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00258-00027463-00027563": "Hope that helps.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00259-00027563-00027663": "Rex Chisholm: One last comment.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00260-00027663-00027763": "Debra Leonard: Oh, sorry.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00261-00027763-00027863": "Female Speaker: Hi.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00262-00027863-00027963": "I love the list.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00263-00027963-00028063": "It's a little daunting.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00264-00028063-00028163": "Number 8, in terms of privacy, ethical, legal, and social issues, was this primarily focused", "eDkytxWtXdc-00265-00028163-00028263": "on clinical care, or is there also a tension being focused on just access to the huge repositories", "eDkytxWtXdc-00266-00028263-00028363": "that sit in most pathology departments in terms of resources for research?", "eDkytxWtXdc-00267-00028363-00028463": "Debra Leonard: Both.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00268-00028463-00028563": "And tomorrow I've been asked to talk a little more broadly about the clinically-relevant", "eDkytxWtXdc-00269-00028563-00028663": "issues and what the CAP is recommending around those, so I'll get into a little bit more", "eDkytxWtXdc-00270-00028663-00028763": "of what we're focused on.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00271-00028763-00028863": "Rex Chisholm: Thanks very much, Debra.", "eDkytxWtXdc-00272-00028863-00028963": "Next presenter is Teri Manolio, who'll give an overview of NHGRI activities in genomic", "eDkytxWtXdc-00273-00028963-00028963": "medicine."}}, {"audio_id": "eDn29kzZWmg", "text": {"eDn29kzZWmg-00000-00000000-00000924": "using Libya because of its status there was confusion there was no state in control", "eDn29kzZWmg-00001-00001050-00001662": "and in fact hundreds if not thousands of them were trapped in Libya in different places in", "eDn29kzZWmg-00002-00001662-00002352": "prisons starving to death others abused in all sorts of ways some people had started", "eDn29kzZWmg-00003-00002352-00003192": "coming picking some of them and taking them to their countries to use them as slaves slaves", "eDn29kzZWmg-00004-00003665-00004176": "so and we were somewhere discussing some of the readers and I was telling them", "eDn29kzZWmg-00005-00004176-00004824": "why don't we address this program I said for example for me I am not just going to", "eDn29kzZWmg-00006-00004824-00005886": "suggest this theoretically I want to even provide an example I said let's find ways"}}, {"audio_id": "eDwVBubxJeQ", "text": {"eDwVBubxJeQ-00000-00001055-00005318": "foreign", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00001-00005318-00009582": "foreign", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00002-00009582-00018109": "control point", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00003-00018109-00027061": "advice on the 876 successful", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00004-00027061-00027270": "[Applause]", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00005-00027270-00027481": "control", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00006-00027481-00027581": "okay", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00007-00027581-00031812": "I'm having a yellow time for 81.51", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00008-00031812-00031912": "foreign", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00009-00031912-00035599": "thanks", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00010-00035599-00043527": "sorry about that James station for 83 run genes one zero one six and uh the time is", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00011-00043527-00044081": "6 30 if you're able to attend that one", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00012-00044081-00044363": "Roger one zero one six at Coqui 294.", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00013-00044363-00045718": "361 go ahead 94 out of service can you private back to Greenwood yard s of services", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00014-00045718-00046232": "uh thank you and have a good night", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00015-00046232-00046332": "go ahead", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00016-00046332-00054635": "why don't we", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00017-00054635-00055070": "five times", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00018-00055070-00056694": "uh could you check scene and deference eastbound uh they're calling in uh sinkhole at the service", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00019-00056694-00063492": "stop there", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00020-00063492-00079732": "control 5801 someone", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00021-00079732-00080051": "put that photo offender", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00022-00080051-00080151": "foreign", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00023-00080151-00080251": "thank you", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00024-00080251-00084257": "go ahead well it's like eight seven six eight", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00025-00084257-00084717": "controllers", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00026-00084717-00090851": "go ahead let's stay away the two doors there's no one there okay Roger thank you", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00027-00090851-00091000": "collector at candidates control", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00028-00091000-00091830": "are you calling for Kennedy", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00029-00091830-00092720": "um you have a first phone on bus from 40 Kennedy 17 run so if the operator returns a big purse", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00030-00092720-00092907": "uh can you call us back", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00031-00092907-00093732": "uh this will be lots of birds on the bus and then let them know if we find it operator", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00032-00093732-00094488": "found it so when the person is returned to you please um just call us", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00033-00094488-00094798": "of the birth project thank you", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00034-00094798-00097844": "Central 46 PK", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00035-00097844-00099205": "go ahead EMS and GPS", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00036-00099205-00099305": "station", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00037-00099305-00100549": "oh", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00038-00100549-00103182": "all right", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00039-00103182-00117667": "do not enter on the automated entries and no other girls", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00040-00117667-00126403": "oh sorry only half of that came through you're asking if there's a fire alarm [Music] activated", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00041-00126403-00127028": "at Domino's", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00042-00127028-00128278": "[Music] I know negative", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00043-00128278-00128903": "46 minutes", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00044-00128903-00129840": "oh John Mills", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00045-00129840-00130777": "some chocolate please", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00046-00130777-00133276": "and her criminality here it's another place [Applause]", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00047-00133276-00139644": "[Music] go ahead I got even bus four seven six out here at Kipling for this inbox the", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00048-00139644-00140499": "end talks has declined transport and he bordered a 97 bus [Applause] okay thank you", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00049-00140499-00149261": "foreign", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00050-00149261-00149422": "trains", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00051-00149422-00149937": "operators line one uh applying two part of me who are down four unsafe platform continues", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00052-00149937-00150500": "westbound Spadina reports of a female not boarding trains uh described as being a black", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00053-00150500-00151629": "female wearing all black clothing possibly", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00054-00151629-00156171": "clear laurencies update to it", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00055-00156171-00159497": "but if I'm gonna clean yourself do you", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00056-00159497-00161475": "have directions", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00057-00161475-00165430": "12 hours", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00058-00165430-00171778": "okay 106. I can't hear you because you're at someone else but they need to speak to", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00059-00171778-00172702": "the 450 need to speak to you on the phone I think they're trying to call you", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00060-00172702-00172802": "foreign", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00061-00172802-00172902": "thank you", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00062-00172902-00175364": "146 for running in station", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00063-00175364-00176752": "146 for running it operators line tubular Danforth Kirby holding eastbound Oregon beach", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00064-00176752-00177449": "station with an emergency alarm activated on board a train uh 20", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00065-00177449-00178376": "to hold that chain 26 hold that little bill please", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00066-00178376-00178476": "low for two minutes", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00067-00178476-00180235": "foreign", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00068-00180235-00182020": "[Music]", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00069-00182020-00182647": "eastbound male brandishing a night in a trailing car again bathroom station and employees please", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00070-00182647-00183316": "make your way to escape room till further notice", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00071-00183316-00183416": "Prince", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00072-00183416-00183540": "232 runs", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00073-00183540-00184876": "and uh until you found at uh rear music is not clear all turns out following equipment", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00074-00184876-00184976": "thank you", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00075-00184976-00186826": "SDM also copies", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00076-00186826-00188103": "professional collectors and Bible States please go to Safe location at Panther station again", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00077-00188103-00188952": "all collectors at 506 at Bathurst please go to Safe location you have a nice call", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00078-00188952-00189670": "please tell us to control", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00079-00189670-00191497": "the  description of the assistant", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00080-00191497-00192597": "uh so let's see eastbound 224 run I don't have", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00081-00192597-00192697": "a description", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00082-00192697-00192797": "foreign", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00083-00192797-00198423": "ER doesn't want to open his door uh obviously he says he's playing also playing with the", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00084-00198423-00198623": "knife", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00085-00198623-00199817": "5068 506 states that takes control", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00086-00199817-00199917": "foreign", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00087-00199917-00200709": "end of the westbound entering in westbounds", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00088-00200709-00204238": "22 hole that lands down 26 at Dundas bus please", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00089-00204238-00204339": "on the mainline Channel now", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00090-00204339-00206784": "get a bus holding at Shepherd West station a three-run Shepherd West Express 3576 apparently", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00091-00206784-00207421": "there was a disorderly meal on board uh abusive to customers operator does not feel safe to", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00092-00207421-00208194": "go back to the bus he's hang out in the operator's lunchroom at Bosch Bank GPS has a call just", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00093-00208194-00208982": "use question please mail described as um blackmail in their early early 30s wearing a black jacket", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00094-00208982-00211198": "and a dark black blue jean", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00095-00211198-00211383": "seven y one L", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00096-00211383-00211483": "happy", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00097-00211483-00211635": "thank you", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00098-00211635-00214890": "I went to the 135a please again all people going to the bathrooms please go to events", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00099-00214890-00215207": "one", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00100-00215207-00215875": "506 page control", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00101-00215875-00217719": "privacy exchange this is control", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00102-00217719-00222417": "production offers like people were down fourth we continue the whole piece on our bathroom", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00103-00222417-00222917": "station now to teach here but again criminals over Eastern bathroom station due to security", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00104-00222917-00227831": "and development by the frame", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00105-00227831-00237546": "this is control", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00106-00237546-00242127": "collectors that they did this control", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00107-00242127-00242971": "foreign", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00108-00242971-00245501": "one more time", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00109-00245501-00249560": "uh three five seven six", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00110-00249560-00251023": "operations holding eastbound High Park with an EA activation on board a train 25 holder", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00111-00251023-00252521": "running me 27 hold at Jane", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00112-00252521-00253440": "we have a PA from the trains eastbound again you have an EA activated from the Train on", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00113-00253440-00253601": "eastbound", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00114-00253601-00253921": "a pleasure", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00115-00253921-00254735": "Collective is clear offers one two uh activation Eastern High participles alarm all trains", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00116-00254735-00258955": "has to hold", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00117-00258955-00259055": "thank you", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00118-00259055-00259285": "106.", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00119-00259285-00259891": "I'm not", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00120-00259891-00259991": "sure", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00121-00259991-00260091": "additional officers", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00122-00260091-00260494": "authorization however we're going to implement an unsafe each down at bathroom station 224", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00123-00260494-00261091": "run at Bathurst the honor variables t204d copy", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00124-00261091-00261291": "yeah Roger can sell 24 coffees uh crowd is formed all the people are getting back on", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00125-00261291-00261759": "their Tremain closing the doors in about five seconds here Roger thank you two three four", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00126-00261759-00262458": "and once again all offers live super dancer full service at bathroom station however unsafe", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00127-00262458-00269173": "Eastern ad bathroom station", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00128-00269173-00269996": "because control can fit us", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00129-00269996-00270929": "uh TPS have one on the platform there um I'm not sure if you heard it over events when", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00130-00270929-00271757": "I'm just about to put clear they said it was okay to clear", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00131-00271757-00272334": "intentional employees all employees of bathroom station bathroom station is being deemed clear", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00132-00272334-00277758": "by attending TPS again Bathurst was all clear", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00133-00277758-00277858": "foreign", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00134-00277858-00278205": "101 .", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00135-00278205-00279039": "all right", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00136-00279039-00279872": "115 someone", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00137-00279872-00281133": "today someone at Union uh cell phone came we're holding with a disorderly on board the", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00138-00281133-00281697": "train uh I was gonna offers only two four dead fourth full circle Zoom at our bathroom", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00139-00281697-00282250": "station however unsafe eastbound to bathroom station again unsafe eastbound bathroom station", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00140-00282250-00282884": "full service has resumed", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00141-00282884-00284811": "go ahead realize the mail has left the bus but he needs some strike towards the operator", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00142-00284811-00285911": "uh can you call a TPS can you call uh 150 18 to attend and take the statement from the", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00143-00285911-00286011": "operator", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00144-00286011-00286111": "[Applause]", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00145-00286111-00287413": "I just use cautionary I don't know exactly what's going on but we have reports of a disorderly", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00146-00287413-00288331": "person on the southbound train uh it's an EA I believe it's in the second car uh just", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00147-00288331-00288838": "use caution again", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00148-00288838-00288938": "Roger", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00149-00288938-00291199": "thank you go ahead", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00150-00291199-00292152": "moved upstairs to the more connections", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00151-00292152-00293321": "because uh first on two floor Danforth the unsafe Eastern advantages now clear once again", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00152-00293321-00294085": "the unsafe beat down at Panther station is now clear go ahead we're still on that call", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00153-00294085-00294693": "from the bus 9008 and the other bus you're not taking over custody of the arrest with", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00154-00294693-00295376": "GPS so we're still on the call okay Roger", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00155-00295376-00295705": "h3d", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00156-00295705-00296034": "um", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00157-00296034-00297448": "do we know um [Music]", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00158-00297448-00299266": "okay are you  okay", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00159-00299266-00299522": "someone do you copy", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00160-00299522-00301697": "hello uh the mail's off the train apparently on the platform", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00161-00301697-00312836": "so I'm happy we're filming our way over", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00162-00312836-00313685": "foreign foreign", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00163-00313685-00313785": "foreign", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00164-00313785-00314980": "ER", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00165-00314980-00316270": "hmm", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00166-00316270-00320324": "uh 146 PB at Savannah", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00167-00320324-00321794": "right now sorry how are we making out there uh Elizabeth", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00168-00321794-00322960": "thank you", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00169-00322960-00323461": "for Dad for the unsafe that we had uh westbound esportation are clear once again", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00170-00323461-00324514": "and uh just for clarity there is no one based on the floor again no one stays on Y2 right", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00171-00324514-00325331": "now go ahead single demand for the last chapter in 164 rounds", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00172-00325331-00327675": "okay so money copy because they saw one copy on the clear", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00173-00327675-00329067": "[Music] um", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00174-00329067-00334699": "go ahead were we able to get the uh the car number for the uh is doing card at the doctors", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00175-00334699-00335882": "uh give you one second here", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00176-00335882-00339807": "I I have it as five zero one six", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00177-00339807-00340219": "okay thank you", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00178-00340219-00341203": "106 faster this is control", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00179-00341203-00341400": "Eminem", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00180-00341400-00342632": "go ahead oh that's Shepard here with the TPS unit they said they received a call from aggressive", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00181-00342632-00342982": "mail at Shepherd uh they're up", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00182-00342982-00348821": "but uh not that I recall just uh give me a second here uh it should be for the shuttle", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00183-00348821-00349768": "bus station", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00184-00349768-00350919": "I will fix chapter you have a report of unsanitary eastbound platform by yellow triangle", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00185-00350919-00351019": "thank you", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00186-00351019-00354669": "welcome", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00187-00354669-00358380": "[Applause]", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00188-00358380-00365801": "I think", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00189-00365801-00369511": "103.", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00190-00369511-00390081": "one or three is one can you call the Constable desk up here 35 . right", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00191-00390081-00392815": "Oh by 105.", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00192-00392815-00393726": "foreign", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00193-00393726-00394434": "could you attend the McCall Loop uh we have a vehicle sitting there with a Mischief on", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00194-00394434-00395027": "board apparently the operator has no knowledge of the occurrence we just need a supervisor", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00195-00395027-00395786": "to attend uh if need be we're gonna put the car in a division and then get 50 to attend", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00196-00395786-00396439": "leader uh so there's 4426 folding at Mccall Loop apparently the door number four and the", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00197-00396439-00396770": "B module has been uh shattered", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00198-00396770-00398471": "146 for paint", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00199-00398471-00399103": "ing station", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00200-00399103-00400115": "uh be the paint collector has a phone that's been turned into them Roger um control I might", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00201-00400115-00400566": "bombing station on the eastbound tonight oh medical he's having a hard time breathing", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00202-00400566-00401711": "he's uh declining EMS trying to get him up the stairs I'll keep you updated okay Roger", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00203-00401711-00402268": "uh really gentlemen uh", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00204-00402268-00412689": "okay Roger keep me updated please 62 years old okay", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00205-00412689-00412789": "control", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00206-00412789-00414071": "yeah [Applause] control refunding this is awesome you know who's yelling at everybody", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00207-00414071-00414529": "he's currently the best day", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00208-00414529-00415797": "so there's a dishonomy meal yelling that everybody currently at birthday and he got to see and", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00209-00415797-00415931": "can I have description", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00210-00415931-00417314": "so you know who can see uh he is a black girl you are an all black uh about five foot nine", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00211-00417314-00417981": "um I don't have eyes on him right now this is the best way do you want me to uh observe", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00212-00417981-00418662": "on the corner from State Defense if not you don't need to go and check so he's causing", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00213-00418662-00419233": "the disturbance at the birthday blackmail wearing all black height five nine weapon", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00214-00419233-00419333": "nothing", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00215-00419333-00419677": "I'll be there we send somebody over thank you", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00216-00419677-00420393": "146 for Finch", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00217-00420393-00423272": "[Music] uh Eminem The collector's calling in um I don't know if they're sleeping or", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00218-00423272-00423863": "it's a medical in front of their booth", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00219-00423863-00423963": "okay", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00220-00423963-00427454": "sure what you just give me a quick call on the phone", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00221-00427454-00429062": "oh that's right here", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00222-00429062-00430081": "it's all clear now is that correct all right thank you thanks for update", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00223-00430081-00432997": "over 106.", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00224-00432997-00437375": "mobile 106. 10", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00225-00437375-00439891": "can you reinstate a stock when you can at Birch mountain shepherd both North and South", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00226-00439891-00440131": "anyway", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00227-00440131-00442635": "uh Personnel Birch mountain shepherd that's right", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00228-00442635-00447573": "22 at Sinclair control all right 226.", "eDwVBubxJeQ-00229-00447573-00447960": "stay clear go ahead yeah"}}, {"audio_id": "eDyuLUqA_uo", "text": {"eDyuLUqA_uo-00000-00000582-00000686": "Everyone has a share", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00001-00000686-00000894": "All the distinguished guests get a wreath today", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00002-00000910-00001198": "In early January, I went to Pingtung, the southernmost part of Taiwan", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00003-00001198-00001406": "to visit the coffee garden of the Ulaljuc tribe", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00004-00001406-00001686": "where the Taiwu coffee is the Typica species", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00005-00001686-00001918": "probably passed down from the Japanese ruling period", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00006-00001918-00002168": "After all these years of domestication", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00007-00002168-00002384": "the species have been very well suited to our soil", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00008-00002384-00002592": "As guardians of the mountains and forests", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00009-00002592-00002882": "we have to pay great attention to the sustainability of the environment", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00010-00002882-00003008": "when we develop our industries", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00011-00003012-00003246": "They use the coffee seeds left behind from their ancestors", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00012-00003246-00003429": "to reinstate the pride of the local inhabitants", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00013-00003429-00003615": "The waters in front of them are linked to each other", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00014-00003615-00003918": "and they can be naturally farmed", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00015-00003918-00004216": "They can also see in the woods, in a restricted environment", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00016-00004216-00004432": "people are working together to find a way out", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00017-00004432-00004702": "What's on it are solar panels with sun-chasing patterns", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00018-00004702-00004958": "that have a certain spacing so that light can come in", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00019-00004958-00005422": "It's a pity if the land is used only for power generation", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00020-00005422-00005730": "There's possibly a proper farm under the photovoltaic panel", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00021-00005730-00006066": "like vanilla, which is relatively highly profitable", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00022-00006066-00006534": "and also very suitable for growing in places like Pingtung County where there is plenty of light", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00023-00006544-00006745": "The energy created in these places", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00024-00006745-00006970": "lets us see tenacity in the Taiwanese", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00025-00006970-00007288": "how they learn a relationship with the land in order to sustain", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00026-00007288-00007748": "They build up bridges for industries, ecology, and society", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00027-00007748-00007859": "I am Audrey Tang", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00028-00007859-00008240": "In the new year, I invite you to participate", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00029-00008240-00008538": "in the\"Starting Asia\" Asia Pacific Social Enterprise Summit on May 11/12", "eDyuLUqA_uo-00030-00008538-00008904": "to start to stimulate the energy of social innovation from Taiwan"}}, {"audio_id": "eD-4ESjKxwE", "text": {"eD-4ESjKxwE-00000-00000000-00000282": "[This is Ruby]", "eD-4ESjKxwE-00001-00000354-00000516": "[ME: How so cute]", "eD-4ESjKxwE-00002-00000517-00000654": "[Ruby: Get away!]", "eD-4ESjKxwE-00003-00000719-00000921": "[ME: So cute~]", "eD-4ESjKxwE-00004-00000970-00001153": "[Ruby: Get away from me!]", "eD-4ESjKxwE-00005-00001202-00001471": "[ME: Why are you avoiding~ c'mon]", "eD-4ESjKxwE-00006-00001521-00001721": "(Avoiding)", "eD-4ESjKxwE-00007-00001761-00001951": "[Taking a step backward]", "eD-4ESjKxwE-00008-00002037-00002213": "[ME: Finally would you come to me?]", "eD-4ESjKxwE-00009-00002213-00002304": "[Ruby: Of course no~]", "eD-4ESjKxwE-00010-00002304-00002396": "[The end]"}}, {"audio_id": "eD_DgA1BXjM", "text": {"eD_DgA1BXjM-00000-00000010-00000063": "BENEFIT LAWS, BROADBAND ACCESS,", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00001-00000063-00000070": "BENEFIT LAWS, BROADBAND ACCESS,", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00002-00000070-00000160": "BENEFIT LAWS, BROADBAND ACCESS,  AND IMPROVING TRANSPORTATION.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00003-00000160-00000166": "BENEFIT LAWS, BROADBAND ACCESS,  AND IMPROVING TRANSPORTATION.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00004-00000166-00000323": "BENEFIT LAWS, BROADBAND ACCESS,  AND IMPROVING TRANSPORTATION.  >>> IT WAS A BIG DAY FOR RED", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00005-00000323-00000330": "AND IMPROVING TRANSPORTATION.  >>> IT WAS A BIG DAY FOR RED", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00006-00000330-00000423": "AND IMPROVING TRANSPORTATION.  >>> IT WAS A BIG DAY FOR RED  LAKE AS THEY KICKED OFF PHASE", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00007-00000423-00000430": ">>> IT WAS A BIG DAY FOR RED  LAKE AS THEY KICKED OFF PHASE", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00008-00000430-00000523": ">>> IT WAS A BIG DAY FOR RED  LAKE AS THEY KICKED OFF PHASE  ONE OF THEIR BIG SOLAR ENERGY", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00009-00000523-00000530": "LAKE AS THEY KICKED OFF PHASE  ONE OF THEIR BIG SOLAR ENERGY", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00010-00000530-00000693": "LAKE AS THEY KICKED OFF PHASE  ONE OF THEIR BIG SOLAR ENERGY  PROJECT.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00011-00000693-00000700": "ONE OF THEIR BIG SOLAR ENERGY  PROJECT.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00012-00000700-00000907": "ONE OF THEIR BIG SOLAR ENERGY  PROJECT.   THE IDEA TO SWITCH THE", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00013-00000907-00000914": "PROJECT.   THE IDEA TO SWITCH THE", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00014-00000914-00001020": "PROJECT.   THE IDEA TO SWITCH THE  RESERVATION TO SOLAR ENERGY", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00015-00001020-00001027": "THE IDEA TO SWITCH THE  RESERVATION TO SOLAR ENERGY", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00016-00001027-00001287": "THE IDEA TO SWITCH THE  RESERVATION TO SOLAR ENERGY  FIRST CAME TWO YEARS AGO.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00017-00001287-00001294": "RESERVATION TO SOLAR ENERGY  FIRST CAME TWO YEARS AGO.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00018-00001294-00001364": "RESERVATION TO SOLAR ENERGY  FIRST CAME TWO YEARS AGO. THE PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BRING", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00019-00001364-00001371": "FIRST CAME TWO YEARS AGO. THE PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BRING", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00020-00001371-00001444": "FIRST CAME TWO YEARS AGO. THE PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BRING DOZENS OF JOBS TO THE", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00021-00001444-00001451": "THE PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BRING DOZENS OF JOBS TO THE", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00022-00001451-00001548": "THE PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BRING DOZENS OF JOBS TO THE AREA AND BOOST THE RED LAKE", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00023-00001548-00001554": "DOZENS OF JOBS TO THE AREA AND BOOST THE RED LAKE", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00024-00001554-00001768": "DOZENS OF JOBS TO THE AREA AND BOOST THE RED LAKE  ECONOMY.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00025-00001768-00001775": "AREA AND BOOST THE RED LAKE  ECONOMY.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00026-00001775-00001868": "AREA AND BOOST THE RED LAKE  ECONOMY. PHASE ONE INVOLVED MOVING SOLAR", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00027-00001868-00001875": "ECONOMY. PHASE ONE INVOLVED MOVING SOLAR", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00028-00001875-00001988": "ECONOMY. PHASE ONE INVOLVED MOVING SOLAR  PANELS TO THE ROOF OF THE", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00029-00001988-00001995": "PHASE ONE INVOLVED MOVING SOLAR  PANELS TO THE ROOF OF THE", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00030-00001995-00002158": "PHASE ONE INVOLVED MOVING SOLAR  PANELS TO THE ROOF OF THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00031-00002158-00002165": "PANELS TO THE ROOF OF THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00032-00002165-00002255": "PANELS TO THE ROOF OF THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING. PHASE TWO AND THREE ARE EXPECTED", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00033-00002255-00002262": "GOVERNMENT BUILDING. PHASE TWO AND THREE ARE EXPECTED", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00034-00002262-00002352": "GOVERNMENT BUILDING. PHASE TWO AND THREE ARE EXPECTED TO START IN THE NEXT COUPLE", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00035-00002352-00002359": "PHASE TWO AND THREE ARE EXPECTED TO START IN THE NEXT COUPLE", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00036-00002359-00002989": "PHASE TWO AND THREE ARE EXPECTED TO START IN THE NEXT COUPLE OF WEEKS.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00037-00002989-00002996": "TO START IN THE NEXT COUPLE OF WEEKS.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00038-00002996-00003103": "TO START IN THE NEXT COUPLE OF WEEKS. >> HOPEFULLY WE GET TO THE POINT", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00039-00003103-00003109": "OF WEEKS. >> HOPEFULLY WE GET TO THE POINT", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00040-00003109-00003346": "OF WEEKS. >> HOPEFULLY WE GET TO THE POINT WHERE WE START PROVIDING,", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00041-00003346-00003353": ">> HOPEFULLY WE GET TO THE POINT WHERE WE START PROVIDING,", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00042-00003353-00003483": ">> HOPEFULLY WE GET TO THE POINT WHERE WE START PROVIDING,  PUTTING SOLAR PANELS ON", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00043-00003483-00003490": "WHERE WE START PROVIDING,  PUTTING SOLAR PANELS ON", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00044-00003490-00003653": "WHERE WE START PROVIDING,  PUTTING SOLAR PANELS ON  INDIVIDUAL HOUSES, IF WE CAN SO", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00045-00003653-00003660": "PUTTING SOLAR PANELS ON  INDIVIDUAL HOUSES, IF WE CAN SO", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00046-00003660-00003843": "PUTTING SOLAR PANELS ON  INDIVIDUAL HOUSES, IF WE CAN SO  I MEAN IT IS GOING TO OPEN A LOT", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00047-00003843-00003850": "INDIVIDUAL HOUSES, IF WE CAN SO  I MEAN IT IS GOING TO OPEN A LOT", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00048-00003850-00004003": "INDIVIDUAL HOUSES, IF WE CAN SO  I MEAN IT IS GOING TO OPEN A LOT OF WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00049-00004003-00004010": "I MEAN IT IS GOING TO OPEN A LOT OF WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00050-00004010-00004180": "I MEAN IT IS GOING TO OPEN A LOT OF WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY. WHAT I THINK IS MOST NOTEWORTHY", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00051-00004180-00004187": "OF WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY. WHAT I THINK IS MOST NOTEWORTHY", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00052-00004187-00004564": "OF WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY. WHAT I THINK IS MOST NOTEWORTHY  IS IT'S -- IT'S ABOUT", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00053-00004564-00004571": "WHAT I THINK IS MOST NOTEWORTHY  IS IT'S -- IT'S ABOUT", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00054-00004571-00004734": "WHAT I THINK IS MOST NOTEWORTHY  IS IT'S -- IT'S ABOUT  DIVERSIFICATION OF OUR ECONOMY", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00055-00004734-00004741": "IS IT'S -- IT'S ABOUT  DIVERSIFICATION OF OUR ECONOMY", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00056-00004741-00004888": "IS IT'S -- IT'S ABOUT  DIVERSIFICATION OF OUR ECONOMY  AND EXPANDING OUT INTO OTHER", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00057-00004888-00004894": "DIVERSIFICATION OF OUR ECONOMY  AND EXPANDING OUT INTO OTHER", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00058-00004894-00005345": "DIVERSIFICATION OF OUR ECONOMY  AND EXPANDING OUT INTO OTHER  AREAS OF THE ECONOMY.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00059-00005345-00005352": "AND EXPANDING OUT INTO OTHER  AREAS OF THE ECONOMY.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00060-00005352-00005595": "AND EXPANDING OUT INTO OTHER  AREAS OF THE ECONOMY. WE WANT TO CREATE ANOTHER SOURCE", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00061-00005595-00005602": "AREAS OF THE ECONOMY. WE WANT TO CREATE ANOTHER SOURCE", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00062-00005602-00005782": "AREAS OF THE ECONOMY. WE WANT TO CREATE ANOTHER SOURCE OF REVENUE FOR THE TRIBE.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00063-00005782-00005789": "WE WANT TO CREATE ANOTHER SOURCE OF REVENUE FOR THE TRIBE.", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00064-00005789-00005885": "WE WANT TO CREATE ANOTHER SOURCE OF REVENUE FOR THE TRIBE. >> WE WILL HAVE MORE DETAILS ON", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00065-00005885-00005892": "OF REVENUE FOR THE TRIBE. >> WE WILL HAVE MORE DETAILS ON", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00066-00005892-00005959": "OF REVENUE FOR THE TRIBE. >> WE WILL HAVE MORE DETAILS ON  RED LAKE'S SOLAR PROJECT IN OUR", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00067-00005959-00005965": ">> WE WILL HAVE MORE DETAILS ON  RED LAKE'S SOLAR PROJECT IN OUR", "eD_DgA1BXjM-00068-00005965-00006082": ">> WE WILL HAVE MORE DETAILS ON  RED LAKE'S SOLAR PROJECT IN OUR COMMUNITY SPOTLIGHT SEGMENT NEXT"}}, {"audio_id": "eDBxuD3RyU4", "text": {"eDBxuD3RyU4-00000-00000204-00000613": "So this was an old estate, Adolph Somebody of", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00001-00000613-00001225": "one of the multi-millionaires from like the turn of the century of San Francisco and here", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00002-00001225-00001587": "it is, as a park and it used to be all these statues and they fell over", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00003-00001587-00002183": "And the buildings were cleared away, but I've never walked in this park, it's beautiful,", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00004-00002183-00002868": "it's the end of 48th Ave and Point Lobos so it's right by the ocean!", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00005-00002868-00003036": "I'm gonna take a look around.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00006-00003036-00003447": "It just goes to show, you don't know everything about your city.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00007-00003447-00003861": "So the word today is, discover!", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00008-00003861-00004487": "Okay see, I've been exploring and I found this Sutro Heights Park that I've never ever", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00009-00004487-00004682": "been in.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00010-00004682-00005296": "And I wanted to do another video on trusting your gut.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00011-00005296-00005901": "So, I almost didn't come out today but the weather was so gorgeous I had to so I was", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00012-00005901-00006561": "trusting my gut and I've noticed over time that even if you don't have the evidence that", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00013-00006561-00006926": "trusting your gut will always lead you somewhere good.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00014-00006926-00007248": "Or you'll learn something that you didn't expect to!", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00015-00007248-00007747": "So like today I ran into this nice gal, she might have been @0-nothing.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00016-00007747-00007959": "We had a long profound talk right here.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00017-00007959-00008631": "Well it was only about 15 minutes and we really connected on a deep level about friendship,", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00018-00008631-00009437": "and love and how you gotta take care of yourself and you know trusting your gut is loving yourself.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00019-00009437-00010088": "You're listening to what your soul and heart and spirit is telling you rather than the", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00020-00010088-00010196": "outside.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00021-00010196-00010896": "Because when you listen to that spirit inside you, you can't go wrong.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00022-00010896-00011518": "And you'll notice it's the soft voice underneath the loud ones.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00023-00011518-00011910": "So if you get that feeling in the back of your neck, or the pit of your stomach that's", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00024-00011910-00012164": "your gut talking.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00025-00012164-00012551": "And trusting it, we don't know what's around the corner!", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00026-00012551-00013174": "We don't know what we're being led to all the time and hey it's worked for travel and", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00027-00013174-00013719": "when it worked for traveling around the world I realized that it could work when I was at", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00028-00013719-00013863": "home working.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00029-00013863-00014213": "Well, I consider the world to be my home.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00030-00014213-00014947": "But what I'm saying is when I would come back and I would have my gigs and jobs and I realized", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00031-00014947-00015549": "one time after about 3 big trips that I can really trust my gut while I'm here, here in", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00032-00015549-00015808": "my normal environment, not traveling.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00033-00015808-00016172": "And be still traveling, trusting my gut.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00034-00016172-00017037": "So, trusting your gut takes practice and I want to challenge you to experience that for", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00035-00017037-00017177": "a whole day.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00036-00017177-00017570": "So, actually I've been doing it all day, every little thing, I almost didn't come to this", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00037-00017570-00017973": "park and I'm like no, something inside you is telling you to come into that park.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00038-00017973-00018149": "Look it, trees by the ocean!", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00039-00018149-00018834": "Look at this back ground!", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00040-00018834-00019726": "So, I'll see you in the next video, comment below about when you've trusted your gut.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00041-00019726-00020038": "And enjoy every day, I'll see you in the next video.", "eDBxuD3RyU4-00042-00020038-00020133": "Tell me what you think."}}, {"audio_id": "eDEsd-kTblA", "text": {"eDEsd-kTblA-00000-00000212-00000741": "This is exciting. I want to thank the first responders actually for bringing", "eDEsd-kTblA-00001-00000741-00001133": "the piece of legislation in the first place. This this really does two things.", "eDEsd-kTblA-00002-00001133-00001607": "This makes the lives of the families and the employees of our first", "eDEsd-kTblA-00003-00001607-00001982": "responders better. But the other thing it does - and this is where the first", "eDEsd-kTblA-00004-00001982-00002411": "responders are taking the lead on it - is it blows a hole in the stigma that is", "eDEsd-kTblA-00005-00002411-00002934": "psychological injuries and PTSI. It's appropriate for them to be the leaders", "eDEsd-kTblA-00006-00002934-00003303": "on because of how difficult their jobs are, and it's appropriate for us to", "eDEsd-kTblA-00007-00003303-00003764": "continue to talk about the importance of not only the physical health of our", "eDEsd-kTblA-00008-00003764-00004236": "communities, but also the mental health. And so I think the first responders for", "eDEsd-kTblA-00009-00004236-00004659": "bringing it and I'm so excited that it's time for us to start talking about the", "eDEsd-kTblA-00010-00004659-00005192": "broader mental health of our communities. And so thank you all!"}}, {"audio_id": "eDNYwPSbXO8", "text": {"eDNYwPSbXO8-00000-00000000-00000200": "Korean food", "eDNYwPSbXO8-00001-00000200-00000400": "Street food"}}, {"audio_id": "eE3yP_MeNho", "text": {"eE3yP_MeNho-00000-00000112-00000250": "( Cosmic )", "eE3yP_MeNho-00001-00000594-00000794": "Life's good", "eE3yP_MeNho-00002-00001032-00001284": "Even with your eyes open", "eE3yP_MeNho-00003-00001332-00001500": "you don’t see", "eE3yP_MeNho-00004-00001536-00001716": "the me now", "eE3yP_MeNho-00005-00001766-00001942": "it seems you are asleep", "eE3yP_MeNho-00006-00001973-00002462": "It seems that the past possesses you,", "eE3yP_MeNho-00007-00002508-00002692": "stops you", "eE3yP_MeNho-00008-00002746-00002958": "-- please try to escape", "eE3yP_MeNho-00009-00002996-00003182": "what's going on, what's going on", "eE3yP_MeNho-00010-00003228-00003420": "don't be frustrated", "eE3yP_MeNho-00011-00003478-00003658": "what's going on, what's going on", "eE3yP_MeNho-00012-00003706-00003861": "look at the new me", "eE3yP_MeNho-00013-00003908-00004148": "can't you see everything you’ve been expecting", "eE3yP_MeNho-00014-00004166-00004346": "...can’t you see that I’ve changed?", "eE3yP_MeNho-00015-00004424-00004564": "don't be confused", "eE3yP_MeNho-00016-00004564-00004790": "another new one, another new world", "eE3yP_MeNho-00017-00004808-00005266": "the bright light buried in your heart", "eE3yP_MeNho-00018-00005288-00005752": "is gradually awakening --  hold me, you hold me", "eE3yP_MeNho-00019-00005796-00006264": "even the secrets hidden in your heart", "eE3yP_MeNho-00020-00006278-00006788": "slowly get nearer -- hold me, you hold me", "eE3yP_MeNho-00021-00006828-00007272": "look at the now perfect wide world", "eE3yP_MeNho-00022-00007312-00007695": "it's gonna be alright, be alright", "eE3yP_MeNho-00023-00007744-00008264": "look at the vivid worlds now", "eE3yP_MeNho-00024-00008298-00008722": "it's gonna be alright, be alright", "eE3yP_MeNho-00025-00008748-00008822": "(Life's good)", "eE3yP_MeNho-00026-00008956-00009178": "Baby don't you know", "eE3yP_MeNho-00027-00009238-00009646": "you’re better with a changed me", "eE3yP_MeNho-00028-00009690-00009902": "more special, brand new", "eE3yP_MeNho-00029-00009960-00010034": "Hey, dude", "eE3yP_MeNho-00030-00010076-00010322": "I want to capture you a bit more widely", "eE3yP_MeNho-00031-00010342-00010652": "today seeing is what’s competitive right now", "eE3yP_MeNho-00032-00010652-00010844": "you’ll probably be stunned as soon as you see it", "eE3yP_MeNho-00033-00010866-00011286": "the bright light buried in your heart", "eE3yP_MeNho-00034-00011310-00011790": "is gradually awakening -- hold me, you hold me", "eE3yP_MeNho-00035-00011820-00012272": "even the secrets hidden in your heart", "eE3yP_MeNho-00036-00012296-00012752": "slowly get nearer -- hold me, you hold me yeah", "eE3yP_MeNho-00037-00012782-00013294": "look at the now perfect wide world", "eE3yP_MeNho-00038-00013322-00013747": "it's gonna be alright, be alright", "eE3yP_MeNho-00039-00013788-00014266": "look at the vivid worlds now", "eE3yP_MeNho-00040-00014294-00014678": "it's gonna be alright, be alright", "eE3yP_MeNho-00041-00014808-00016560": "be alright ~", "eE3yP_MeNho-00042-00016598-00017042": "the bright light buried in your heart", "eE3yP_MeNho-00043-00017068-00017578": "is gradually awakening - hold me, you hold me yeah", "eE3yP_MeNho-00044-00017602-00018026": "even the secrets hidden in your heart", "eE3yP_MeNho-00045-00018050-00018520": "slowly get nearer -- hold me, you hold me yeah", "eE3yP_MeNho-00046-00018544-00019080": "look at the now perfect wide world", "eE3yP_MeNho-00047-00019102-00019470": "it's gonna be alright, be alright", "eE3yP_MeNho-00048-00019496-00020024": "look at the vivid worlds now", "eE3yP_MeNho-00049-00020048-00020508": "it's gonna be alright, be alright"}}, {"audio_id": "eE4Xrfx19H8", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "eE8eVhWN46U", "text": {"eE8eVhWN46U-00000-00000000-00000657": "happy Superbowl Sunday everybody today I'm gonna do TBL tea and this is tough build and data said", "eE8eVhWN46U-00001-00000657-00001098": "something happened on Friday after the market I had an agreement with a major European company", "eE8eVhWN46U-00002-00001098-00001668": "so this stock is looking pretty good for Monday and maybe the rest of the week too so just like", "eE8eVhWN46U-00003-00001668-00002052": "you're minded to subscribe to my channel hit the bells to get the notifications on these swing", "eE8eVhWN46U-00004-00002052-00002577": "trades and don't forget to like this video let's get right into TBL tea so just like I was saying", "eE8eVhWN46U-00005-00002577-00002961": "this happen on Friday after the market closed tough built announces agreement with a major", "eE8eVhWN46U-00006-00002961-00003777": "European distributor so 15 regional warehouses 11 branches and to distribution centers in Dublin", "eE8eVhWN46U-00007-00003777-00004503": "and Ireland so this company is growing pretty rapidly and so the stocks gonna pump up pretty", "eE8eVhWN46U-00008-00004503-00005070": "good on Monday I price say you want to get in pre market so around 9 o'clock 9:30 so here's", "eE8eVhWN46U-00009-00005070-00005730": "tough builds website you can see that do tools list tool bags pretty much everything so you", "eE8eVhWN46U-00010-00005730-00006129": "got pouches and everything to put your tools in so you know a lot of the stuff they have at", "eE8eVhWN46U-00011-00006129-00006584": "Home Depot so hopefully in the future they can sign a contract of one of these big companies", "eE8eVhWN46U-00012-00006584-00007116": "like that Home Depot Lowe's or whatnot so this stock has four million shares floats so that", "eE8eVhWN46U-00013-00007116-00007620": "means this thing could run really good I mean it could shoot off like a rocket if it wanted to", "eE8eVhWN46U-00014-00007620-00008352": "that's my spaceship we'll see but it's gonna happen it's gonna happen on Monday I got the", "eE8eVhWN46U-00015-00008352-00008835": "chart pull up here you can see it's not really much - because they started in December 3rd so", "eE8eVhWN46U-00016-00008835-00009207": "not really much to look at but right when they open it up you can see everything in", "eE8eVhWN46U-00017-00009207-00009762": "just dumped and it's heard raining down then here on January 15th ahead of a huge pump and", "eE8eVhWN46U-00018-00009762-00010314": "dump somewhat but it didn't go back to where it was so that's what I like about this right here", "eE8eVhWN46U-00019-00010314-00011019": "and let me zoom in right here so the chart itself doesn't really look that pleasing or that good", "eE8eVhWN46U-00020-00011019-00011523": "but the thing is the news came out on Friday about the stock and that's what's gonna make", "eE8eVhWN46U-00021-00011523-00012042": "this thing run on Monday if anything that's gonna be a really quick swing trade I would", "eE8eVhWN46U-00022-00012042-00012762": "say probably on maybe $4 or even $5 you got to watch it you can probably get out of this stock", "eE8eVhWN46U-00023-00012762-00013334": "I believe that's a rig around 4 to 5 dollars I would probably wait to sell on that mark", "eE8eVhWN46U-00024-00013334-00013721": "and I think it's gonna end up being pretty good on Monday maybe in the next couple days", "eE8eVhWN46U-00025-00013721-00014063": "but after that the Schwartz are getting on and you want to get out of the stock because you're", "eE8eVhWN46U-00026-00014063-00014513": "just gonna make it pull right back so that's about it just like to remind you subscribe to", "eE8eVhWN46U-00027-00014513-00014837": "my channel hit the bells to get the notifications and like this video and I'm out let's make more"}}, {"audio_id": "eEBXTW7So-M", "text": {"eEBXTW7So-M-00000-00000000-00000407": "[ The following realistic fan made trailer is approved for appropriate audiences, created for entertainment and the fans. ]", "eEBXTW7So-M-00001-00000952-00001372": "Dr. Robert Neville: the hospital what happened in the hospital?", "eEBXTW7So-M-00002-00002816-00003352": "Alice Braga: I want you to respond truthfully what'sthe one thing that we all have in common?", "eEBXTW7So-M-00003-00003592-00003737": "we all die", "eEBXTW7So-M-00004-00004496-00004824": "you've been through a lot get some rest", "eEBXTW7So-M-00005-00005568-00005784": "News reporter: this is a national crisis", "eEBXTW7So-M-00006-00006495-00007184": "we're seeing bleeding from the eyes uh screaming find a place to hide and stay there", "eEBXTW7So-M-00007-00007768-00008244": "Dr. Neville: maybe if you were to take a few more steps up just get someplace safe", "eEBXTW7So-M-00008-00008277-00008477": "I WAS THE ONLY MAN ON EARTH", "eEBXTW7So-M-00009-00008966-00009166": "I WAS THE ONLY SURVIVOR", "eEBXTW7So-M-00010-00009592-00009818": "gonna shake up this world", "eEBXTW7So-M-00011-00010336-00010490": "I AM IMMUNE", "eEBXTW7So-M-00012-00010490-00010672": "the only time you ever truly feel happy", "eEBXTW7So-M-00013-00010672-00011000": "is when you're flat on your belly about to squeeze a trigger", "eEBXTW7So-M-00014-00011632-00012121": "I do not want to kill you but I absolutely will if I have to", "eEBXTW7So-M-00015-00013352-00013823": "look all you need to know is I'm gonna be running down until I'm a hundred"}}, {"audio_id": "eEL2hdDG1fA", "text": {"eEL2hdDG1fA-00000-00000202-00000700": "Hi everybody! I'm Phillip Goodman. And I'm Roberta Monroe. And we are from the Nevada", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00001-00000700-00001116": "Real Estate Group at Keller Williams Group One Inc in Reno, Nevada and this is", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00002-00001116-00001735": "the February 2019 real estate market report for Spanish Springs Nevada. And if this is your first", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00003-00001735-00002173": "time watching one of our market reports please click the subscribe button and", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00004-00002173-00002547": "the bell below out so you'll get notifications about our newest videos.", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00005-00002547-00002967": "All right well Roberta let's take a look inside market insights and see what", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00006-00002967-00003492": "happened in February 2019 in Spanish Springs.a", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00007-00004196-00004725": "We are looking at single-family homes in Spanish Springs - all three sections of", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00008-00004725-00005082": "Spanish Springs based on the MLS map area. Roberta", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00009-00005082-00005676": "tell us what happened in February of 2019. Unlike most of Reno units sold in", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00010-00005676-00006104": "February was 47% over January yet down six", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00011-00006104-00006864": "percent from last year. New listings are down 30% and days to contract more than", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00012-00006864-00007322": "doubled. Both of these figures are most likely caused by the snowy winter we had", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00013-00007322-00007934": "in January and February. Inventory levels are also up 31% over last year because", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00014-00007934-00008406": "of all the new builds coming near Pyramid Highway and La Posada. Days to", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00015-00008406-00008859": "contract is up a ton because of these new builds that are on the market. The", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00016-00008859-00009386": "lots get listed and it typically takes longer for a home not yet built to be", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00017-00009386-00010175": "sold. Median price for February dropped from November's $420,000 peak to $382,000.", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00018-00010175-00010689": "Even as prices continue to climb we commonly see prices dip a little bit in", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00019-00010689-00011208": "the winter and if these trends continue prices will go back up going into spring", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00020-00011208-00011684": "and summer. Here we are on our website seerenohomesforsale.com and our", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00021-00011684-00012306": "featured luxury property of the day is 2645 West View Boulevard in Spanish", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00022-00012306-00012542": "Springs. Roberta tell us about this property.", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00023-00012542-00013028": "Well this property is listed at $1,093,000.  It has", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00024-00013028-00013812": "four bedrooms, three baths, 6,844 square feet of living. It sits on one acre and", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00025-00013812-00014438": "it was built in 1985. What a spectacular kitchen with this Italian marble, stone", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00026-00014438-00014781": "floor, and what do you think of these cabinets?  They're gorgeous.", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00027-00014781-00015272": "This property is all about the views all around. It is, just really beautiful.", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00028-00015272-00015747": "Roberta these owners are very active. You've got the fitness center looks like", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00029-00015747-00016194": "it might be in the basement downstairs and a full tennis court.", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00030-00016194-00016673": "absolutely and who doesn't love to play tennis? This is my favorite view of the", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00031-00016673-00017103": "property because I am a person who loves sunsets more than anything. And", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00032-00017103-00017520": "to see more listings by our team click the link you see in the upper right", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00033-00017520-00017850": "corner now. Well there's your look back at the", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00034-00017850-00018315": "February 2019 real estate market activity for Spanish Springs. Roberta", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00035-00018315-00018693": "spring is right around the corner and one of your favorite events is happening", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00036-00018693-00019179": "at Andelin Farms. Tell us about that. It is baby animal day so come see the pets", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00037-00019179-00019686": "and hold the babies at the farm. Baby animal petting zoo, hands on chicken", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00038-00019686-00020217": "experience, pony rides, hay rides, barrel train ride, and barnyard activities and", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00039-00020217-00020883": "more. And for tickets go to their website andelinfamilyfarm.com. If you have", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00040-00020883-00021219": "any questions about the numbers that we've discussed in today's market report", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00041-00021219-00021573": "or if you're ready to go tour that amazing property with Roberta you can", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00042-00021573-00021984": "contact her, her information is in the youtube description below. Hopefully you", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00043-00021984-00022302": "found all this information very helpful and if you did please give it a like and", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00044-00022302-00022716": "a share on your social media too. For the Nevada Real Estate Group at Keller", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00045-00022716-00023064": "Williams Group one inc in Reno Nevada I'm Phillip Goodman and I'm Roberta  Monroe.", "eEL2hdDG1fA-00046-00023064-00023402": "We'll see you next time."}}, {"audio_id": "eEPsqqj-V9E", "text": {"eEPsqqj-V9E-00000-00000067-00000418": "Dr. Teri Manolio: -- this new approach is that everyone's so", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00001-00000418-00001024": "excited about in terms of genome-wide association. And I hope I'm being picked up now. And Larry", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00002-00001024-00001434": "had asked me to make the point that there's a revolution going on. So I went for the most", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00003-00001434-00002018": "revolutionary picture I could find, which is Willard's Spirit of '76, and actually it", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00004-00002018-00002481": "is well worth making that point, that really something dramatic has changed here, and Larry", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00005-00002481-00002941": "has talked about it a bit, and Emily, and Francis, in that we're much more able to scan", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00006-00002941-00003498": "the genome and look for differences between people than we have ever been before. So technologic", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00007-00003498-00003957": "advances now allow us to measure hundreds of thousands, now millions of variable points", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00008-00003957-00004448": "across the genome at a relatively low cost, certainly not the 50 billion that Francis", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00009-00004448-00005042": "had mentioned earlier, probably about $500 per person, you know, depending on the platform", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00010-00005042-00005482": "that you use, and using relatively little DNA. So it used to be we needed, you know,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00011-00005482-00005951": "close to a microgram of DNA in order -- and you only get maybe 20 or 100 micrograms out", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00012-00005951-00006455": "of a blood sample -- in order to measure really even just one genotype. And then that went", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00013-00006455-00006959": "down quite a bit, but it was still so much that you couldn't really measure this many", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00014-00006959-00007453": "variants in one person without a whole lot of blood or DNA. And now we can do all of", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00015-00007453-00007947": "these measurements in a microgram or even considerably less than that.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00016-00007947-00008454": "What this also means is that these technologies can be applied to unrelated individuals. And", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00017-00008454-00008946": "you heard earlier that there have been many studies funded by NIH, and many other groups", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00018-00008946-00009469": "around the country and the world, who basically have identified lots and lots of people and", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00019-00009469-00009857": "have studied them for the development of a whole bunch of different diseases, schizophrenia,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00020-00009857-00010542": "or autism, or psoriasis, or whatever. And those folks, many of them, have DNA stored", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00021-00010542-00011117": "in freezers around the country and the world, just waiting for these kinds of technologies", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00022-00011117-00011614": "to be available, and now they can be applied. We can also identify a multitude of subtle", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00023-00011614-00012154": "genetic effects that increase the risk of complex diseases. And Neil Risch, who many", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00024-00012154-00012703": "of you may have heard speak -- whoops, oh, that's the advance, no, that's not even advance,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00025-00012703-00013245": "there we go, okay -- Neil likes to say that genetically complex diseases, which we describe", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00026-00013245-00013701": "as diseases that are due to multiple genes, are only complex because we looked for single", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00027-00013701-00014135": "genes and didn't find them so they must be complex. And remember that when we talk about", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00028-00014135-00014572": "Mendelian diseases, we're really talking about a single gene, and those are the sort of the", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00029-00014572-00014959": "lamp posts that we had been studying for so many years.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00030-00014959-00015315": "So what is a genome-wide association study? It's a method for interrogating all of the", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00031-00015315-00015772": "10 million or so variable points across the genome. We've heard already that this variation", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00032-00015772-00016204": "is inherited in groups, luckily for us, so we don't have to measure all 10 million points.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00033-00016204-00016726": "We can just measure a small subset of them. These blocks are longer in people who are", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00034-00016726-00017123": "more closely related. They're very long in identical twins. In fact, they're the entire", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00035-00017123-00017604": "genome. But in siblings, or parents and offspring, they are about maybe 10 million base pairs", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00036-00017604-00018190": "long or perhaps a little bit longer than that, and the less closely you're related, the shorter", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00037-00018190-00018836": "those blocks are. So when you have people who are not related at all except for 100,000", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00038-00018836-00019376": "years ago when we all came out of Africa, you do need to test more and more of these", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00039-00019376-00019868": "things, but you don't have to test them all. And so we now are able to do studies in unrelated", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00040-00019868-00020447": "people assuming about a 10,000 base pair length that's shared, and that does vary by population.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00041-00020447-00020945": "So in older populations like populations in Africa, that length is much shorter. In younger", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00042-00020945-00021481": "populations, American Indians, other such populations, those lengths are much longer.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00043-00021481-00021934": "One of the challenges in studying populations of recent African ancestry is that you do", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00044-00021934-00022432": "need to test more spots. And until we realize this, a lot of times we would look, and really", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00045-00022432-00022923": "not see an association in Africans, and yet we would see it in non-Africans, then we'd", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00046-00022923-00023273": "say, “Oh, must be something funny here. Let's just focus on the non-Africans.”", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00047-00023273-00023840": "And I think Vence will talk a little bit later about how that's been a challenge to deal", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00048-00023840-00024351": "with but one that we can deal with. So just to kind of go back over again this concept", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00049-00024351-00024795": "of linkage disequilibrium, this is a paper from the “New England Journal” just very", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00050-00024795-00025332": "recently, talking about what SNPs in genome-wide association may mean for medicine, and it", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00051-00025332-00025739": "shows here a chromosome and pulling out a gene. And here are various SNPs, these little", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00052-00025739-00026105": "red things are the exons, and you see SNP 1, 2, 3, and 4, just again a hypothetical", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00053-00026105-00026531": "gene. What's shown down here, you may see these kinds of triangles. This is very much", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00054-00026531-00026997": "like -- you remember that AAA would give you these maps, and they'd say, you know, “How", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00055-00026997-00027456": "far is it from New York to Chicago, or from New York to San Francisco, or New York to", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00056-00027456-00028006": "Tokyo?” and that's -- whoops, sorry, I keep doing that -- that's basically what this is.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00057-00028006-00028622": "So this is the correlation between SNP 1 here and SNP 2. And when this block is very dark,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00058-00028622-00029007": "it means that, “Boy, if you know SNP 1, you can be pretty sure, like Larry's gray", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00059-00029007-00029666": "sock, that other sock is probably gray.” And SNP 1 and SNP 3 are pretty closely correlated,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00060-00029666-00030148": "as are SNP 1 and SNP 4. But when you get down here to SNP 1 and SNP 5, they're not well", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00061-00030148-00030644": "correlated at all. So probably what happened between SNPs probably 4 and 5 was that there", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00062-00030644-00031083": "was a recombination event that DNA crossed over, and there was some advantage, or there", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00063-00031083-00031587": "was not, it was just a random event, but at any rate, those two are not well correlated.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00064-00031587-00032207": "So say we just look at these SNPs, 3, 4, and 5, in this very nice diagram that they did", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00065-00032207-00032852": "here, showing here SNP 3 and SNP 4, this could be a G or a T in SNP 3, a C or a T in SNP", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00066-00032852-00033238": "4, but notice that every place where you have a G -- where this person has a G, they have", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00067-00033238-00033695": "a C, every place. Every place where person 2 has a G, there's a C, or where there's a", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00068-00033695-00034196": "T, there's a T. So these two are very closely correlated. If you know one, you know the", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00069-00034196-00034710": "other, as opposed to here, SNP 4, you know, here sometimes you have a C and you've got", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00070-00034710-00035037": "a T, sometimes you have a C and you have an A. Sometimes you have a T here and there's", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00071-00035037-00035429": "an A, sometimes a T and a T. So those SNPs are not well correlated. And this was the", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00072-00035429-00035909": "concept of tag SNPs. So this one can act as a proxy for that. It can't act as a proxy", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00073-00035909-00036293": "for that, so you need a different one. So that's all that we're talking about here.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00074-00036293-00036799": "So, mapping those was what the HapMap did, was to really define which ones are closely", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00075-00036799-00037278": "related to which others. And while that was going on and partly as a stimulus stimulated", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00076-00037278-00037780": "by the HapMap project, genotyping technology became much, much more efficient and less", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00077-00037780-00038088": "costly. This is a slide from my colleague, Steven Channick [spelled phonetically], showing", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00078-00038088-00038843": "that way back in 2001, we were probably spending about 100 cents per genotype, maybe a little", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00079-00038843-00039516": "bit less than that, for the standard genotyping technology of that day. And over time to 2005,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00080-00039516-00039911": "those costs and use of the different platforms have gone down, and the number of SNPs that", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00081-00039911-00040527": "one can measure has gone up fairly dramatically. So here at the end of 2005 we were measuring", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00082-00040527-00041108": "between 100,000 and 500,000 SNPs at the cost of about a penny a genotype, or even less.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00083-00041108-00041597": "Those costs have continued to decline. This is only through October, 2006, from my colleague,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00084-00041597-00042027": "Stacey Gabriel, and I should probably update it further, and that shows -- now we're showing", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00085-00042027-00042701": "these not by cost per SNP but cost per person. So for a person's entire genome, both -- I", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00086-00042701-00043306": "mean, sorry -- both sets of their DNA, initially starting at about maybe $1,600 per person", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00087-00043306-00043831": "for the Affymetrix platform in July of 2005, that has declined dramatically. And other", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00088-00043831-00044247": "products have come on the market that have more and more SNPs, and Affymetrix now has", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00089-00044247-00044622": "one that's a million SNPs, as does Illumina. These probably have dropped down to about,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00090-00044622-00045308": "oh, 200 or $300, you know, per person genotyped, and the one million SNP 1s [spelled phonetically]", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00091-00045308-00045708": "will come down in cost as well. So this has been really quite a dramatic change, and it", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00092-00045708-00046004": "has enabled us to afford these kinds of studies.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00093-00046004-00046506": "Larry talked a bit about the chips, and you see them around there. This is the data that", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00094-00046506-00046999": "you get off of these. So when a genotyping lab does this, basically their computer produces", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00095-00046999-00047650": "a picture like this, which for SNP rs2990510, shows you the three different genotypes. So", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00096-00047650-00048074": "here you have someone who's a homozygous for one allele. I don't know which. Here's the", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00097-00048074-00048441": "heterozygote, and here's the homozygote, and likewise here. You can probably ignore these", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00098-00048441-00049004": "for the moment. But anyway, these are the numbers of people, and shown up here is basically", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00099-00049004-00049475": "the intensity of the light that's reflected back in red by the computer. And then there's", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00100-00049475-00049864": "a clustering algorithm -- and these algorithms are very important and very complicated, and", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00101-00049864-00050341": "they also change fairly rapidly -- that tries to basically read three different intensities,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00102-00050341-00050850": "assuming that you have a SNP that is polymorphic, so you have two different copies, you have", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00103-00050850-00051314": "the A and a T. You could have picked up a sample that just by chance only had Ts. That", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00104-00051314-00051867": "SNP would be called monomorphic in that population, and in that case, you should see everybody", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00105-00051867-00052292": "clustering at one end. Now, sometimes the computer algorithms get confused when they", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00106-00052292-00052804": "see that, and they try to make it into two, or three, or whatever. And so it's important", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00107-00052804-00053251": "when you have a SNP that you're very interested in, you really want to take a look at these", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00108-00053251-00053670": "plots, you can't look at all 300,000 or one million, but you can look at the two, or three,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00109-00053670-00053867": "or five, or 10 that you're quite interested in.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00110-00053867-00054362": "As you can see here, these are called -- these purple ones are called as heterozygotes. But", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00111-00054362-00054675": "then there are a couple of folks that are kind of hanging out here that the algorithm", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00112-00054675-00055155": "doesn't quite know what to do with, and so there are errors or challenges in the technology", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00113-00055155-00055630": "in being able to read these. These would be called not -- not called or missing SNPs.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00114-00055630-00056054": "There are different rates of missing SNPs in different platforms, plus different genotype", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00115-00056054-00056527": "DNA quality will give you different rates. And all of these things are things that are", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00116-00056527-00057037": "recommended to be reported in the report of a genome-wide association study. Unfortunately,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00117-00057037-00057512": "these days, the reports are so short that you end up having to look at that in the supplementary", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00118-00057512-00057955": "material. But most labs that are doing these now, you know, will report out their quality", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00119-00057955-00058591": "control, and it's very, very good. It's, like, 99.7 percent, you know, fidelity, for these", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00120-00058591-00059217": "measures. So if you wanted to look at a dataset from a genome-wide association study, you", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00121-00059217-00059597": "could actually look at the Coriell Web site. The National Institute of Neurologic Diseases", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00122-00059597-00060274": "and Stroke has done a study of Parkinson's Disease, 297 cases, 297 controls -- can go", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00123-00060274-00060851": "onto their Web site, agree to keep the data confidential per person, and not to try to", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00124-00060851-00061305": "identify anyone, and to use them only for scientific purposes, and then basically you'd", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00125-00061305-00061445": "have a chance to look at these data.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00126-00061445-00061833": "So if you pulled up chromosome 22, which I picked because I'm a wimp, and it's the smallest", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00127-00061833-00062285": "chromosome there is, and it's still a huge dataset, the first two SNPs in that, and the", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00128-00062285-00062917": "first three cases in that dataset shown here, and here are the alleles. So allele 1 at this", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00129-00062917-00063502": "SNP for person 14 is a T, allele 2 is also a T, so they're a homozygote. Person 20 is", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00130-00063502-00064054": "a heterozygote. And then for the controls, the first three controls are shown here, and", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00131-00064054-00064448": "for allele -- sorry -- for this SNP, this allele, and you'll notice that this one is", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00132-00064448-00064906": "-- the frequency of the A allele is much less. It's about eight percent, actually.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00133-00064906-00065266": "And when you get these results back, they actually give you a file that says, “Okay,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00134-00065266-00065811": "in your sample we had eight percent As at this point, we had 50 percent Ts at this point,”", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00135-00065811-00066370": "whatever. So what you can then do is do what Emily and Francis were showing you, is basically", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00136-00066370-00066774": "count up all the cases you have, and the controls that you have, and see how many of them have", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00137-00066774-00067242": "As and how many of them have Gs. And if you were to do this -- and these are totally made", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00138-00067242-00067907": "up data, do not report this -- but suppose you took a look at this one SNP, which was", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00139-00067907-00068273": "the second one that I showed you here, so allele 2, the one that only about eight percent", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00140-00068273-00068885": "of people have an A at that spot, say you took a whole bunch of people, 1,000 people", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00141-00068885-00069518": "that you collected from greater, you know, Richmond, Virginia, and you genotyped them,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00142-00069518-00070043": "and you find that maybe about eight percent of them have an A, the variant allele at this", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00143-00070043-00070634": "particular point, so 920 of them don't have the A, they have the G variant there, and", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00144-00070634-00070942": "then you follow them forward in time, and you say, “How many of these people actually", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00145-00070942-00071074": "develop Parkinson's Disease?”", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00146-00071074-00071575": "And you find that, gee, of the 80, 10 of them develop Parkinson's Disease. And of the 920,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00147-00071575-00072126": "only 40 developed Parkinson's Disease. You could then estimate a risk, a relative risk,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00148-00072126-00072532": "it's called, and this was sort of the standard measure of disease risk for many, many years", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00149-00072532-00072876": "until we got other computer programs that started calculating other things, which we'll", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00150-00072876-00073255": "talk about. But basically you could look at the risk in the exposed, which is 10 out of", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00151-00073255-00073868": "80, or 12½ percent, compare it to the risk in the unexposed, 40 out of 920, or 4.3 percent,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00152-00073868-00074394": "and you would get a relative risk of 2.9. So somebody carrying this A allele is 2.9", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00153-00074394-00074819": "times more likely to develop disease than somebody not carrying that allele. And that's", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00154-00074819-00075305": "a measure of risk. Usually we see estimates of things like smoking or family history in", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00155-00075305-00075950": "the three to fourfold range for common diseases. The measures that we get for genes for common", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00156-00075950-00076320": "diseases are much less than that, so they're much less than one and a half usually in the", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00157-00076320-00076777": "1.2, 1.3 range typically.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00158-00076777-00077310": "Well, there's a measure called the odds ratio, which you're much more likely to see in genome-wide", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00159-00077310-00077788": "association studies. And there are two reasons for that. One is that you have to have a certain", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00160-00077788-00078162": "study design in order to be able to calculate a relative risk because you have to know what", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00161-00078162-00078532": "the denominator of your population is. So you had to know that there were 80 people", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00162-00078532-00079195": "total, of whom 10 had the disease and the allele, and 920 total of whom a certain proportion", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00163-00079195-00079566": "had the allele and the disease. Sometimes you don't know that. In a case control study,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00164-00079566-00079849": "you won't, and we'll talk about that in a second.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00165-00079849-00080520": "In addition, there are many modeling systems that basically focus on the odds ratio because", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00166-00080520-00080963": "it's computationally simpler. And so just to talk about odds, and everybody really intuitively", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00167-00080963-00081389": "I think knows what odds are. Odds are related to probability. They're actually the probability", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00168-00081389-00081818": "of an event over the probability of it not happening, so the probability of it happening", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00169-00081818-00082283": "over one minus the probability of it happening, which is the probability of it not happening.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00170-00082283-00082627": "So if the probability of a horse winning a race is 50 percent, we all know the odds are", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00171-00082627-00083149": "one to one. If the probability is 25 percent, the odds are one to three for a win, or three", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00172-00083149-00083701": "to one against a win, so those are odds. And again if a probability of a person who's exposed", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00173-00083701-00084187": "to a given risk factor -- if their probability of getting a disease is 25 percent, their", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00174-00084187-00084801": "odds are 25 percent over 75 percent, one to three, pretty simple. When we don't have denominators", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00175-00084801-00085257": "for risk estimates, which is typical in a case control study, we calculate an odds ratio.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00176-00085257-00085630": "You may have heard about this, if any of you took sort of, you know, basic statistics long", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00177-00085630-00086176": "ago, as a cross-product ratio, AD over BC, and I'll show you a two by two table where", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00178-00086176-00086371": "we get these names of these cells.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00179-00086371-00086793": "And again it's computationally easier, and if the disease is rare, the odds ratio approximates", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00180-00086793-00087226": "the relative risk. It always tends to overestimate it a little bit, so your relative risk might", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00181-00087226-00087693": "be 2.1 in that example that I showed you earlier, if you calculate it in an odds ratio, which", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00182-00087693-00088180": "we would do by just multiplying -- we call these cells A, B, C, D, very novel -- but", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00183-00088180-00088705": "anyway if we just multiply these two, AD times BC, we would get an odds ratio of about 3.1,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00184-00088705-00089438": "so not that far off. So here, I actually took the data that Francis is going to show you", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00185-00089438-00089761": "from the Hilgadauter [spelled phonetically] Paper, which is under embargo -- and I won't", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00186-00089761-00090167": "give you the name of the SNP, but many of you probably have already seen it anyway -- and", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00187-00090167-00090549": "basically took the data that they had in their tables, which you had to back-calculate a", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00188-00090549-00091211": "bit, but at any rate figuring out how many  -- they had basically a group of cases, 1,507", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00189-00091211-00091719": "people who had myocardial infarction, 6,700 who did not have myocardial infarction, but", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00190-00091719-00092076": "we really don't know what the denominators of these are. These are sort of cases that", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00191-00092076-00092354": "they identified through a whole series of different studies.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00192-00092354-00092482": "[low audio]", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00193-00092482-00092920": "Oh, and I'm sorry, this is not in the book. We were trying to update things and be as", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00194-00092920-00093305": "up-to-date as we possibly could be, so my apologies, it's not in the book. What I had", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00195-00093305-00093695": "given you was a totally made up example from the Parkinson's data, and I thought a real", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00196-00093695-00094247": "example might be more fun. So, anyway, so basically if you look at the frequencies of", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00197-00094247-00094597": "their alleles in their cases and controls, you can calculate these numbers, and then", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00198-00094597-00095031": "you can look at the odds in the exposed. So the odds of disease in the people with the", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00199-00095031-00095652": "variant allele would be 813 over 3061, right, that's probability, P over one minus P, and", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00200-00095652-00096241": "the odds in people who did not have that allele would be 794 over 3667. If you wanted to do", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00201-00096241-00096918": "this cross-product, it would be here, 813 times 3667 over 794 times 3061 equals 1.23.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00202-00096918-00097477": "And in the paper they quote 1.22, so hopefully I did my math right, and maybe we just have", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00203-00097477-00097919": "a little bit of a rounding error. And again, just remember that's embargoed until Thursday,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00204-00097919-00098019": "I think.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00205-00098019-00098418": "So the thing that's important, that's, you know, really conceptually very, very different", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00206-00098418-00098867": "for somebody like me, and Larry was describing, that we used to do these one at a time. At", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00207-00098867-00099242": "the very end of my talk, I have some slides that they made me take out because they said", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00208-00099242-00099908": "they were boring, but what they show is basically genotypes for one person in chromosome 22,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00209-00099908-00100519": "it's a slide of them, and it's like several slides of them, it's basically about one page", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00210-00100519-00101095": "of WordPerfect -- I'm sorry -- Word single print, single line, single space type. For", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00211-00101095-00101643": "chromosome 22 for one person, what you get from the NINDS Web site is about seven pages,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00212-00101643-00101908": "and that's only chromosome 22.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00213-00101908-00102308": "So there are lots of other chromosomes that are much bigger, and trying to manage these", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00214-00102308-00102855": "data is just mind-boggling, so, basically, new approaches are needed for accessing, manipulating,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00215-00102855-00103216": "and visualizing these data. And there have been some very creative approaches to doing", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00216-00103216-00103805": "this. But it does require an entirely new perspective, so we're no longer looking under", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00217-00103805-00104258": "the lamppost, essentially saying, “Gee, I know there's a gene related to angiotensin", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00218-00104258-00104855": "converting enzyme, ACE, which I know is somehow related to hypertension, so I'm going to relate", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00219-00104855-00105317": "my ACE gene polymorphisms to hypertension.” And in some studies it was associated, and", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00220-00105317-00105797": "in some studies it was not. In this kind of a paradigm, we're basically saying, “We", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00221-00105797-00106208": "don't know much at all about the genome. We're going to interrogate across the entire thing", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00222-00106208-00106747": "and see what sort of comes up as being associated.” And we do have to recognize that when you", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00223-00106747-00107460": "do two, or five, or 10 kinds of tests like this, or hundreds of thousands of them, it", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00224-00107460-00107845": "is possible that the differences we observe just happen by chance. Differences do happen", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00225-00107845-00108288": "by chance. That's why people gamble. And what you want is to try to sort of filter out the", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00226-00108288-00108701": "ones that might be due to chance versus the ones that are likely to be real.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00227-00108701-00109103": "So, I'm sorry, I know it's before lunch, and we haven't had a break, but I do have to give", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00228-00109103-00109608": "you a little bit of statistical, epidemiologic kinds of stuff. So you probably all have heard", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00229-00109608-00110119": "of p-values. P-value is the probability of finding a result as extreme or more extreme", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00230-00110119-00110757": "than you observed in your study, by chance alone. We used to focus on p-values of about", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00231-00110757-00111379": "P less than 10 to the minus fourth, .0001. When I was in epidemiology school, I was told,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00232-00111379-00111732": "“Don't bother to look any -- for p-values any smaller than that. They don't mean anything.”", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00233-00111732-00112232": "No, really, this is what they used to teach us. And then the geneticists came along and", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00234-00112232-00112503": "said, “Hey, we can test 100,000 or 500,000 things.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00235-00112503-00112919": "We actually want to know if our p-value is 10 to the minus 10th, or the minus 20th, or", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00236-00112919-00113364": "the minus 30th, because we want to correct for the number of times we've looked.” And", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00237-00113364-00113761": "when you're looking for, you know, a million times or so, you do want to have a much smaller", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00238-00113761-00114323": "p-value. You may have heard of type I error or alpha error. This is the probability of", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00239-00114323-00114809": "finding a difference when really in the truth of the universe there isn't one. And it's", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00240-00114809-00115292": "also called sort of a spurious association. This has been the bane of what we called candidate", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00241-00115292-00115869": "gene association studies because, you know, you test the ACE gene, and the angiotensinogen", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00242-00115869-00116207": "gene, and lots of different genes for a relationship with hypertension, and if you did them in", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00243-00116207-00116675": "small samples, and you just happened to get lucky or unlucky, you might find an association.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00244-00116675-00117040": "Very few of those associations were subsequently replicated.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00245-00117040-00117431": "A type II error is the probability here -- so here you find a difference where there isn't", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00246-00117431-00117916": "one, here you don't find a difference when really there is one. This is one that we tend", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00247-00117916-00118417": "to worry about a bit more because we're concerned that we have done a study that isn't -- basically", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00248-00118417-00118806": "isn't big enough in order to be able to detect a difference. The difference was smaller than", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00249-00118806-00119446": "we expected it to be. We didn't look hard enough, whatever. We might have missed it.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00250-00119446-00119886": "Power of a study is closely related to type II error. Basically, you know, there are two", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00251-00119886-00120300": "things that could happen. If there really is a difference, you can either find it or", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00252-00120300-00120714": "you can't find it -- sorry -- you can either  -- or you don't find it. So if you don't", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00253-00120714-00121077": "find it, you've committed type II error, if you do find it, it's just one minus the type", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00254-00121077-00121460": "II error. So that's the power of your study. We usually like to have studies that are powered", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00255-00121460-00121896": "for about 80 percent power so you have an 80 percent chance of picking up a difference", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00256-00121896-00122274": "if it's really there. Most people actually prefer 90 percent or even a little bit more", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00257-00122274-00122711": "than that to pick it up. And then the effect size is the magnitude of risk associated with", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00258-00122711-00123161": "a variance. So those are those measures that I mentioned, the relative risk, 2.9, the odds", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00259-00123161-00123563": "ratio, 1.23. There's also something called a hazard ratio that you'll see in some of", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00260-00123563-00124055": "these papers, which is the risk of a disease occurring over a given time period, and it", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00261-00124055-00124465": "takes into account the amount of time it takes for a disease to develop.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00262-00124465-00124880": "And just be aware that you need very large sample sizes for these if you're looking for", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00263-00124880-00125369": "very small p-values, which we are tending to do because we make so many comparisons.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00264-00125369-00125833": "If the effect size is smaller, so if you're looking for a 1.2-fold relative risk or a", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00265-00125833-00126319": "20 percent increase in risk, you need many, many more people to detect that than for a", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00266-00126319-00126732": "threefold increase in risk or a fivefold increase in risk. Now, you might ask yourself, “Well,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00267-00126732-00127178": "do I really care if the increased risk is only 1.2?” And it used to be, again, that", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00268-00127178-00127558": "we would sort of say, “Mm, you know, that's probably not all that important,” but we", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00269-00127558-00127979": "are finding that there are genes that actually are quite important pathophysiologically,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00270-00127979-00128513": "and sort of as hints to treatment that have risks about this size. So we probably do want", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00271-00128513-00128971": "to detect those. Allele frequency, if you have an allele that's only present in eight", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00272-00128971-00129269": "percent of the population, you're going to need a lot more people to be able to find", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00273-00129269-00129649": "the association with the gene, and the disease, or the trait, than if it's present in 40 or", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00274-00129649-00130250": "50 percent. And the measure that you're measuring, if it's very variable, if you have a lot of", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00275-00130250-00130680": "error in your measurement, it's going to be more difficult to separate out your groups", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00276-00130680-00131067": "with, you know, one gene that -- with one variant versus another if that variant is", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00277-00131067-00131509": "having an effect on that measure. So the more variable that a measure is -- blood pressure", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00278-00131509-00132053": "is a very variable measure. It changes minute to minute, essentially. So that's another", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00279-00132053-00132289": "challenge in needing a large sample size.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00280-00132289-00132890": "And you'll see displays like this. This was probably the first and best-known truly genome-wide", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00281-00132890-00133305": "association study published by Klein, et al., looking at age-related macular degeneration,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00282-00133305-00133747": "and what they did was plot with these little lines here every spot along the genome that", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00283-00133747-00134298": "they had tested, 100,000 of them. This is the log -- sorry -- minus log 10 of P, so", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00284-00134298-00134835": "remember your logs were those exponents, so if you're looking at a p-value of 10 to the", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00285-00134835-00135383": "minus fourth, the minus log 10 of that would be four, and so here is your four level, here", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00286-00135383-00135832": "is your six level. And just above six, 10 to the minus seventh is where this one that", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00287-00135832-00136441": "turned out to be very, very suspicious for being causative, complement factor H, was", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00288-00136441-00136890": "hiding. So that's one way of looking at them. This is another way, much more colorful, from", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00289-00136890-00137283": "the Brode [spelled phonetically], MIT folks, looking at their diabetes scan, and basically", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00290-00137283-00137663": "what they did was to color-code by chromosomes. And as you can see, this chromosome is very", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00291-00137663-00138066": "big. This gap here is -- sorry -- the central mirror where you can't measure it, and then", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00292-00138066-00138428": "they get smaller and smaller, and here's my chromosome 22 way down there, but anyway,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00293-00138428-00139074": "looking at the SNPs that are associated, and just plotting the minus log of the p-value.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00294-00139074-00139549": "So here's one that's really, really associated very strongly, at least highly unlikely to", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00295-00139549-00139966": "be due to chance, could be due to things like genotyping error, or it could be due to things", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00296-00139966-00140485": "like, you picked a sort of a funky population and that. So you need to be able to replicate", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00297-00140485-00141223": "them. But at least it's not due to chance. Okay. This same group published recently a", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00298-00141223-00141671": "genome-wide scan for prostate cancer. What you'll sometimes see is that instead of showing", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00299-00141671-00142011": "you the entire genome, although often they'll do this, they'll say, “You know, this area", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00300-00142011-00142419": "looks very interesting. We think it's interesting because there's a clump of them and because", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00301-00142419-00142858": "we know that this particular chromosome,” which Francis will talk about, “is related", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00302-00142858-00143336": "to a disease, whatever it might be.” And that was done here for prostate cancer. This", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00303-00143336-00143747": "is the 8q24 region, which everyone has sort of -- is sort of scratching their heads, “Why", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00304-00143747-00144246": "is it that this is related to prostate cancer when there don't seem to be any genes there?”", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00305-00144246-00144645": "And it's probably because we know so little about the genome that we'll learn a great", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00306-00144645-00145104": "deal about it from this kind of example. What they did was to look at this particular area.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00307-00145104-00145591": "Here is the SNP that they found most strongly associated with it. And then basically, statistically,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00308-00145591-00146053": "they adjusted for the presence of this SNP. So if you're using a model, you're calculating", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00309-00146053-00146463": "out an odds ratio for each one of these things, here's the p-value for that odds ratio.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00310-00146463-00147150": "And once you basically hold this constant, statistically -- go to this way -- once you", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00311-00147150-00147458": "hold this constant, then all the [spelled phonetically] rest of these kind of fall down", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00312-00147458-00147884": "to the bottom [inaudible]. Their association is much less [inaudible] because they're [inaudible]", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00313-00147884-00148315": "with this one. And [inaudible] this one [inaudible] the next most strongly [inaudible] and once", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00314-00148315-00148689": "you adjust for that, then all of the rest of these kind of fall down below the threshold.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00315-00148689-00149109": "And they did this about five times. It's really a very nice progression in the paper, Hamann,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00316-00149109-00149552": "et al., in Nature Genetics. And this is one that you'll see from Francis in a little.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00317-00149552-00149992": "Eh [spelled phonetically], sorry to have stolen it from you. We're looking at chromosome 11", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00318-00149992-00150459": "again. Here's a SNP that was of great interest. Here are a bunch of SNPs that are associated", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00319-00150459-00150840": "with it. Once you adjust for that, all of the rest of these fall out. And here's one", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00320-00150840-00151344": "of those triangle AAA diagrams that we showed you previously. This shows why, that basically", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00321-00151344-00151754": "there's a strong block of linkage disequilibrium. All of these things are correlated with each", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00322-00151754-00152288": "other. And that's basically what you're picking up with this one SNP. Okay.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00323-00152288-00152799": "I mentioned about how genome-wide association studies -- sorry -- about how candidate gene", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00324-00152799-00153266": "associations have had some challenges in replicating their findings. Did you see here, 600 associations,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00325-00153266-00153721": "only six of them were significant in more than three studies. This is a nice paper by", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00326-00153721-00154171": "Joel Hirschhorn. And this is not to say that candidate gene studies are bad. What it is", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00327-00154171-00154633": "to say is that it's very easy for us to find spurious associations when we only look once", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00328-00154633-00155058": "or twice. And what this taught us was that when we start doing things like genome-wide", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00329-00155058-00155612": "association, we have to replicate multiple times. And as we've seen, replication really", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00330-00155612-00155986": "now is considered to be the sine qua non. So you'll see these papers coming through", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00331-00155986-00156379": "where they've done three, or four, or five studies at a time showing yes, it does replicate", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00332-00156379-00156903": "in all of these populations. So large sample sizes, multiple studies are needed to replicate", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00333-00156903-00157424": "the findings. These produce massive datasets, the analysis requires a huge and a very specialized", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00334-00157424-00157851": "effort, and better analytic methods are needed. And we recognize that if we make these data", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00335-00157851-00158335": "widely available, that will stimulate the analysis of these methods. In addition, once", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00336-00158335-00158683": "you measure somebody's genome, you can relate it to anything. So you've already got it measured,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00337-00158683-00158959": "you can look at their height, you can look at their weight, you can look at lots and", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00338-00158959-00159108": "lots of different things.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00339-00159108-00159526": "So these datasets are very rich, and one of the things that we are focusing on a great", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00340-00159526-00159986": "deal at NIH is making sure that the datasets are made available to lots of different investigators", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00341-00159986-00160445": "so that you don't have sort of this syndrome of this first fly on a beached whale who lands", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00342-00160445-00160884": "on it and says, “Dibs, this is all mine.” And we certainly don't want that happening", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00343-00160884-00161286": "with genome-wide studies. And there has been a tendency for that to happen. So we are pushing", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00344-00161286-00161901": "very hard to make these data widely available. So the revolution is probably here. Extensive", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00345-00161901-00162556": "characterization is now possible. It can applied to unrelated individuals to find putative", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00346-00162556-00163031": "genetic causes of diseases. Many existing studies are out there, basically waiting for", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00347-00163031-00163445": "this technology to be applied to them. But we do need new approaches to manipulating", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00348-00163445-00163951": "the data. And we need responsible approaches to sharing data, so that participants are", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00349-00163951-00164395": "protected, and the investigators who produce the datasets also get some recognition for", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00350-00164395-00164870": "their efforts. And we believe strongly that collaboration for both replication of findings", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00351-00164870-00165391": "and investigation of function is absolutely crucial. So I think at that point I'll stop,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00352-00165391-00165871": "and be happy to take questions. Okay. Yes, Joe.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00353-00165871-00166424": "Male Speaker: I'm just curious, since the p-values are so", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00354-00166424-00166898": "important in terms of giving some sort of a credibility, and you know that you're getting", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00355-00166898-00167445": "multiple comparisons, so you have to have smaller p-values, isn't there some statistic", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00356-00167445-00167659": "that accommodates --", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00357-00167659-00167759": "Dr. Teri Manolio: Sure.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00358-00167759-00167859": "Male Speaker: -- the fact that you are doing -- I mean,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00359-00167859-00167959": "how does that work?", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00360-00167959-00168126": "Dr. Teri Manolio: Sure, well, there are a couple of different", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00361-00168126-00168408": "ways. People debate, you know, what's the best way to correct for that. I mean, you", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00362-00168408-00168773": "could say that basically, a p-value -- it's very interesting, you know, how we ever got", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00363-00168773-00169258": "to -- back in the olden days, a p-value was .05, and if you had a chance of less than", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00364-00169258-00169707": "one in 20 of picking up a difference totally by chance, people were sort of comfortable", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00365-00169707-00170093": "with that. But where did that come from? Well, the way it was explained to me is that, if", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00366-00170093-00170479": "you flip a coin, when you think about flipping a coin, and you get heads, and you say, “Well,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00367-00170479-00170770": "you know, I could have gotten heads, anyway, it's about 50 percent.” And you flip it", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00368-00170770-00171019": "again, and you get heads, and you say, “Well, you know, 25 percent chance of that.” And", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00369-00171019-00171311": "you flip it again, and you get heads, and you kind of say, “Mm, ah, it's a little", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00370-00171311-00171660": "bit odd.” But you do it a fourth time, and you get heads, now you want to look at the", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00371-00171660-00172191": "coin, okay? So that's something that's unusual. And that's 6.25. So maybe that's how we got", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00372-00172191-00172573": "to a five percent being a level that people were uncomfortable with. But, you know, but", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00373-00172573-00173034": "it really is totally arbitrary. And when we look more than one time, we may say, “Well,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00374-00173034-00173591": "you know, if I actually checked five percent, you know, I take these five percent of differences", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00375-00173591-00173941": "as being statistically significant or unlikely to have happened by chance,” well, if I", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00376-00173941-00174522": "do 20 differences, you know, out of 20 roughly on average one of them is going to be -- you", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00377-00174522-00174813": "know, appear to be different, even though it really isn't.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00378-00174813-00175169": "So maybe I need to do -- I need to correct for that, for the number of times that I've", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00379-00175169-00175558": "looked. And one way that people do that is to divide the p-value by the number of times", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00380-00175558-00176132": "that you've looked. That's called a Bonferroni correction. It's thought to be very conservative,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00381-00176132-00176513": "because it assumes that every test you're doing is independent. And these tests are", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00382-00176513-00176783": "not independent, because they're all stuck on -- you know, many of them are stuck on", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00383-00176783-00177303": "the same chromosomes, so there are other ways of doing this. You can permute the genotypes", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00384-00177303-00177812": "basically so you say, “I'm going to randomly generate genotypes and see how often, just", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00385-00177812-00178265": "by -- where I know that it's random -- how often I see an association with my trait.”", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00386-00178265-00178638": "And that's another way of correcting. There are a couple of others.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00387-00178638-00178889": "Dr. Francis Collins: But actually --", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00388-00178889-00179241": "Male Speaker: Go back to the microphone.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00389-00179241-00179474": "Dr. Francis Collins: Page back to your slide, to the --", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00390-00179474-00179574": "Dr. Teri Manolio: Microphone, Dr. Collins.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00391-00179574-00179674": "Dr. Francis Collins: Yes, thank you.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00392-00179674-00179774": "[low audio]", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00393-00179774-00179874": "Please page back to the macular generation. You just went past it.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00394-00179874-00179974": "[low audio]", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00395-00179974-00180215": "So see that p-value of 4.8 times 10 to the minus seven, where does that come from? Well,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00396-00180215-00180790": "that comes from the fact that in this study they tested about 100,000 SNPs, and they were", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00397-00180790-00181341": "assuming sort of this conservative correction, so they said they wanted to achieve, effectively,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00398-00181341-00181953": "a p-value of .05, but they’re doing 100,000 independent tests, so they’ve got to divide", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00399-00181953-00182560": ".05 by 100,000, and that gives you that dashed line. So they were arguing that any result", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00400-00182560-00183170": "that fell above that, that is, that the p-value was even better, was likely to be significant", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00401-00183170-00183653": "and not noise, and anything that fell below that dotted line might be significant but", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00402-00183653-00183803": "you haven’t proved it.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00403-00183803-00184035": "Dr. Teri Manolio: Yes.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00404-00184035-00184445": "Male Speaker: Yeah, you said that, that -- a p-value like", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00405-00184445-00184719": "that wouldn’t -- can’t happen by chance alone, but --", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00406-00184719-00184989": "Dr. Teri Manolio: I didn't say that. It wouldn’t [spelled", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00407-00184989-00185426": "phonetically] be very likely, but if you did, you know, 10 million [inaudible], you might", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00408-00185426-00185597": "come across [unintelligible] like that.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00409-00185597-00185897": "Male Speaker: Okay, but actually -- but you said, “But", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00410-00185897-00186431": "it could be a genotyping error.” I guess I don’t know, what is a genotyping error?", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00411-00186431-00186834": "Dr. Teri Manolio: Well, as I showed you before with these calling", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00412-00186834-00187320": "algorithms, sometimes they get confused, and particularly if you genotype your cases and", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00413-00187320-00187769": "your controls differently – sorry -- in sort of different batches. So when you’re", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00414-00187769-00188544": "doing this test, say that, for some reason, your controls -- the DNA is different, it’s", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00415-00188544-00188831": "come from a different source [spelled phonetically], buccal -- you know, buccal source instead", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00416-00188831-00189378": "of blood source, you know, for whatever reason, when you do this test instead of getting these", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00417-00189378-00189891": "nicely separated, they’re actually more of a smear together. So just from that kind", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00418-00189891-00190374": "of an error, you could sort of generate a difference between them that where, really,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00419-00190374-00190785": "there is no difference. That’s a technological error. I’m not explaining it well, and I’m", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00420-00190785-00191511": "sorry. I’m caffeine deprived. But also you could get errors -- it is possible or conceivable,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00421-00191511-00191831": "and maybe, Larry, you’d want to comment on this as well, that there might be other", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00422-00191831-00192251": "genes or other variants in the region that would interfere with this, that might be related", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00423-00192251-00192772": "to cases, and not in controls, or something. What other kinds of genotyping errors can", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00424-00192772-00192900": "give you spurious associations?", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00425-00192900-00193037": "Larry Thompson: I think those are the --", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00426-00193037-00193182": "Dr. Teri Manolio: Those are the main ones?", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00427-00193182-00193386": "Larry Thompson: -- the main ones. I mean, some things don’t", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00428-00193386-00193870": "behave well in the assay, in cases and controls, and get tossed out. They never get into the", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00429-00193870-00194394": "final dataset. The other issue that is the population stratification one, that you might", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00430-00194394-00194494": "want to discuss --", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00431-00194494-00194594": "Dr. Teri Manolio: Oh, yes.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00432-00194594-00194694": "Larry Thompson: -- because that’s another place where you", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00433-00194694-00195104": "can produce false positive results that Teri can explain.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00434-00195104-00195305": "Dr. Teri Manolio: Right, and population stratification is another", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00435-00195305-00195894": "really horrible name for differences in the sort of ancestry between cases and controls.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00436-00195894-00196205": "So say you selected all your cases -- you know, not that anyone would do this but it", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00437-00196205-00196678": "does happen sometimes in not very good studies  -- say you selected all of your cases from", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00438-00196678-00197022": "people from Finland, and all of your controls from people from Japan, they’re going to", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00439-00197022-00197471": "have different allele frequencies just because of the population history, and so any differences", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00440-00197471-00197898": "between them, if there are differences in disease as well, you’re going to start ascribing", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00441-00197898-00198282": "those to the disease, where they might not be related at all. This actually has been", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00442-00198282-00198794": "used as a way of finding genes that might be related to diseases, called admixture mapping,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00443-00198794-00199083": "and it has been a technique that’s been used in the past. It’s not used very often", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00444-00199083-00199183": "anymore, but that’s another thing that could cause [unintelligible]. If there are systematic", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00445-00199183-00199283": "differences between your cases and controls, those are -- you know, old time epidemiologists", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00446-00199283-00200220": "call this confounders, and it’s just a confounder between a [unintelligible] genotype instead", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00447-00200220-00200955": "of environmental [unintelligible]. Does that help?", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00448-00200955-00201519": "Female Speaker: Could you go back to the science embargoed", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00449-00201519-00201927": "slide and talk slowly about the probability issue again and how you got to where you did?", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00450-00201927-00202542": "Dr. Teri Manolio: I can go back. Whether I can talk slowly is", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00451-00202542-00202938": "something [inaudible]. We tried, and tried, and just never quite gotten to it, but at", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00452-00202938-00203407": "any rate, what we have here -- what they basically published in the paper or in the table, you", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00453-00203407-00204148": "may have it there, is the number of cases, the number of controls, and the allele frequencies.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00454-00204148-00205021": "So for this particular SNP they gave the number of cases was the 1,507, the number of controls", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00455-00205021-00205786": "was 6,728, and then they said it [inaudible] .453 of the cases had the allele A, and point", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00456-00205786-00206686": "whatever, that was of the controls, had allele  -- sorry -- of the controls were [unintelligible]", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00457-00206686-00207084": "-- yes, of the controls had allele [unintelligible] A. So basically what I do is just take those", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00458-00207084-00207252": "proportions and multiply them by 1,507, and figure out how many people had [unintelligible]", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00459-00207252-00207927": "both cases and had allele A, how many people were controls and had allele A, subtracted", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00460-00207927-00208534": "that from this total number to get this number, and this from that total number to get that", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00461-00208534-00208690": "number, and then did the cross-product.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00462-00208690-00208790": "[low audio]", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00463-00208790-00208930": "Sorry, it was allele A in the other example on [unintelligible]. Does that help?", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00464-00208930-00209129": "Female Speaker: Think so.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00465-00209129-00209863": "Dr. Teri Manolio: Okay, yeah, it’s just a matter of filling", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00466-00209863-00210063": "out [unintelligible]. Yes?", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00467-00210063-00210411": "Female Speaker: I think I’m still not understanding why", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00468-00210411-00210925": "it is that genome-wide association studies are, as I think you’re saying, less likely", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00469-00210925-00211536": "to find spurious associations than the earlier, you know, single candidate gene approach.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00470-00211536-00211671": "Could you take another stab at that?", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00471-00211671-00212029": "Dr. Teri Manolio: Yes, sure. Please don’t leave this room", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00472-00212029-00212423": "thinking that genome-wide association [spelled phonetically] are less likely to find as spurious.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00473-00212423-00212782": "They are more likely to, because you’re doing many more tests. The reason now that", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00474-00212782-00213275": "we’re less likely, hopefully, to find spurious associations is that we recognize that so", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00475-00213275-00213375": "many of them are possibly spurious that we do replications of them, and we require -- in", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00476-00213375-00213475": "the same [unintelligible] -- even the same populations, more likely a different population,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00477-00213475-00213691": "but a completely different study. And so you may see in one of the science papers -- you", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00478-00213691-00214261": "know, there were several different groups around Canada, and Texas, and different places.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00479-00214261-00215108": "Some of them used different phenotypes, which is a little bit risky. Some used MI, and some", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00480-00215108-00215891": "used coronary calcification, and, you know, if the gene that you’re looking at is related", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00481-00215891-00216309": "to both MI and coronary -- myocardial infarction and coronary calcification, then, you know,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00482-00216309-00216982": "you’re golden, and it actually gives you more reassurance that we’re finding something", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00483-00216982-00217496": "that’s likely to be important. Yes, Steve [spelled phonetically].", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00484-00217496-00217992": "Male Speaker: Another reason why Canada gene studies were", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00485-00217992-00218521": "particularly likely to give false positives, is because there were so few true positives,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00486-00218521-00219328": "right? So, if you’re assuming that the genes that are on your short list must contain some", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00487-00219328-00219861": "that are actually right, and you keep trying over and over again, sooner or later, by chance,", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00488-00219861-00220338": "you’re going to get one that looks encouraging. There’s a natural pressure, of course, to", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00489-00220338-00220692": "publish something that looks positive. You say, “Well, let’s put it out there and", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00490-00220692-00221248": "see if anybody can validate it.” In most of those instances, the validation didn’t", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00491-00221248-00221657": "happen, so you ended up with a paper reporting the finding, and then a paper refuting the", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00492-00221657-00222174": "finding. So we filled up the literature. One of the things that’s different here is with", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00493-00222174-00222725": "a genome-wide association study for most of the diseases we go after, if you have a sufficient", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00494-00222725-00223324": "number of samples, there are going to be true positives, and as long as you’re rigorous", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00495-00223324-00223853": "about your statistics and making sure your cases and controls were well-matched, you’re", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00496-00223853-00224548": "going to have real results to be able to write about. And so when you see those publications", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00497-00224548-00225056": "coming out, it’s likely, if they did everything right, that the top tier of what they have", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00498-00225056-00225541": "found will be validated. And I think that’s certainly been true in the last month or so", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00499-00225541-00226048": "with these particular studies. So, again, if you’re trying to do a study where you", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00500-00226048-00226389": "know you’re doomed to failure, but there’s still a pressure to publish, there’s going", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00501-00226389-00226796": "to be stuff coming out. If you have a study where you’re almost certainly going to find", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00502-00226796-00227132": "something, then if you do it right you’ll publish something that’s right.", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00503-00227132-00227473": "Dr. Teri Manolio: I think a point that’s important to make", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00504-00227473-00227640": "as well is in these replication studies, very often it’s not the most strongly associated", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00505-00227640-00227740": "step in the first study that actually survives to be replicated. There are those who argue", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00506-00227740-00227840": "that the ones with the sets [spelled phonetically] that are really, really extreme are the ones", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00507-00227840-00227985": "you should be nervous about, where others you say, “Oh, no, I like the ones that [unintelligible]", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00508-00227985-00228350": "very strongly.” So regardless, when you do the replication study, very often [unintelligible]", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00509-00228350-00229178": "that replicates [spelled phonetically]. So you take a large number of them, replicate", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00510-00229178-00229558": "[unintelligible] a sample, and then a smaller number of those that are associated in both", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00511-00229558-00229923": "studies, and replicate them as a third, and maybe even a fourth, and a fifth before you", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00512-00229923-00230651": "say, “You know, this looks pretty good. I think I’ll buy it.” And then still you", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00513-00230651-00231311": "put it out in the literature and, you know, 20 groups try and replicate it, and hopefully", "eEPsqqj-V9E-00514-00231311-00231421": "most of them do."}}]