[{"audio_id": "kycSCu_fJRk", "text": {"kycSCu_fJRk-00000-00004000-00004200": "Chào mừng đến với kênh của Tiênnn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00001-00004200-00004300": "tứk ghee", "kycSCu_fJRk-00002-00004400-00004600": "Mình đã hỏi các bạn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00003-00004600-00004800": "trên Instagram", "kycSCu_fJRk-00004-00004900-00005200": "và mình đã nhận được rất nhiều câu trả lời", "kycSCu_fJRk-00005-00005392-00005592": "Ý là em nhận được rất nhiều câu hỏi hả?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00006-00005592-00005692": "Câu trả lời!", "kycSCu_fJRk-00007-00005892-00005992": "Ủa, câu hỏi chứ", "kycSCu_fJRk-00008-00006192-00006427": "Oke Tiên nhận được rất nhiều câu hỏi mọi người à", "kycSCu_fJRk-00009-00006768-00006863": "Ủa nhiều câu hỏi ghê", "kycSCu_fJRk-00010-00006863-00007081": "Câu hỏi đầu tiên là", "kycSCu_fJRk-00011-00007453-00007836": "Liệu tụi mình có bị kỳ thị ở Mỹ không", "kycSCu_fJRk-00012-00007944-00008095": "Mình sẽ để Tiên trả lời", "kycSCu_fJRk-00013-00008095-00008183": "Em hả?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00014-00008200-00008400": "Ừ nếu em muốn trả lời câu này", "kycSCu_fJRk-00015-00008400-00008526": "không vầy nha, em trả lời trước rồi tới anh", "kycSCu_fJRk-00016-00008526-00008597": "Ok ok", "kycSCu_fJRk-00017-00008701-00008806": "Đối với Tiên mà nói", "kycSCu_fJRk-00018-00008806-00008907": "thì cũng không hẳn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00019-00008977-00009338": "kiểu Tiên cũng không thấy bị phân biệt chủng tộc gì hết", "kycSCu_fJRk-00020-00009380-00009499": "hồi còn ở Mỹ", "kycSCu_fJRk-00021-00009499-00009736": "Tiên không biết", "kycSCu_fJRk-00022-00009736-00009869": "cộng đồng người châu Á khác thì sao", "kycSCu_fJRk-00023-00009884-00009934": "nhưng mà", "kycSCu_fJRk-00024-00009934-00010089": "cá nhân Tiên", "kycSCu_fJRk-00025-00010089-00010184": "thì chưa thấy bị kỳ thị gì", "kycSCu_fJRk-00026-00010237-00010430": "Đối với Kyle thì cũng giống vậy", "kycSCu_fJRk-00027-00010472-00010783": "việc có bị người Mỹ kỳ thị hay không", "kycSCu_fJRk-00028-00010783-00011096": "thì cũng không thể nói 100% là không", "kycSCu_fJRk-00029-00011280-00011641": "nhưng mà tỉ lệ việc bị kỳ thị khá nhỏ", "kycSCu_fJRk-00030-00011641-00011740": "tại vì", "kycSCu_fJRk-00031-00011740-00011940": "mình cũng có khá nhiều bạn bè", "kycSCu_fJRk-00032-00011940-00012082": "không phải là người châu Á", "kycSCu_fJRk-00033-00012143-00012316": "như một số là người da đen,", "kycSCu_fJRk-00034-00012316-00012489": "người Tây Ban Nha,", "kycSCu_fJRk-00035-00012500-00012649": "hoặc là chơi cùng nhiều bạn bè người da trắng khác", "kycSCu_fJRk-00036-00012841-00013033": "cho nên cũng khá là hiếm khi", "kycSCu_fJRk-00037-00013132-00013311": "gặp chuyện đó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00038-00013360-00013517": "Mà cũng có thể nói là", "kycSCu_fJRk-00039-00013567-00014000": "mà việc duy nhất mình gặp đó là", "kycSCu_fJRk-00040-00014084-00014323": "khi bị mọi người hỏi", "kycSCu_fJRk-00041-00014483-00014709": "\"Ủa mày phải người Trung Quốc hông?\"", "kycSCu_fJRk-00042-00014709-00014799": "Ừ, đúng rồi đó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00043-00014873-00015208": "Tiên thấy là đa số người Mỹ đều nghĩ rằng", "kycSCu_fJRk-00044-00015208-00015397": "Hễ là dân châu Á thì là người Trung Quốc!", "kycSCu_fJRk-00045-00015397-00015475": "Cho nên họ cứ hay hỏi là", "kycSCu_fJRk-00046-00015481-00015603": "\"Mày có phải là dân Trung Quốc không?\"", "kycSCu_fJRk-00047-00015603-00015683": "\"Ủa mày là người nước nào?\"", "kycSCu_fJRk-00048-00015683-00015925": "Trung Quốc hả? Hàn Quốc hả?\"", "kycSCu_fJRk-00049-00015925-00016068": "Cho nên kiểu", "kycSCu_fJRk-00050-00016068-00016239": "mọi người cứ bị định kiến", "kycSCu_fJRk-00051-00016473-00016858": "hễ mày là dân châu Á thì chắn chắn  mày là dân Trung Quốc rồi", "kycSCu_fJRk-00052-00016972-00017114": "Nhưng ngoài việc đó ra", "kycSCu_fJRk-00053-00017114-00017230": "thì cũng không có gì nữa", "kycSCu_fJRk-00054-00018510-00018697": "Với Tiên", "kycSCu_fJRk-00055-00018764-00018886": "thì có thể là", "kycSCu_fJRk-00056-00018905-00019000": "năm đầu tiên đi học,", "kycSCu_fJRk-00057-00019000-00019168": "Tiên bạn trai nè", "kycSCu_fJRk-00058-00019168-00019295": "có bạn bè,", "kycSCu_fJRk-00059-00019295-00019470": "và có anh trai nữa nè.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00060-00019605-00019705": "Thực tình mà nói", "kycSCu_fJRk-00061-00019705-00019937": "thì Tiên cũng không có nhớ nhà lắm", "kycSCu_fJRk-00062-00020017-00020311": "Tiên cảm thấy là mình cũng ổn.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00063-00020311-00020484": "100% thấy ổn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00064-00020484-00020567": "Tiên không có khóc", "kycSCu_fJRk-00065-00020567-00020777": "cũng không có kiểu khóc muốn về nhà", "kycSCu_fJRk-00066-00020777-00020903": "hoặc nhớ nhà kiểu vậy", "kycSCu_fJRk-00067-00020903-00021016": "mà Tiên cũng có Kyle nữa", "kycSCu_fJRk-00068-00021016-00021411": "vì Nhà là ở đây nè!", "kycSCu_fJRk-00069-00021592-00021670": "không nha má!", "kycSCu_fJRk-00070-00021727-00021871": "Kiểu như", "kycSCu_fJRk-00071-00021871-00022036": "Tiên có anh trai bên cạnh", "kycSCu_fJRk-00072-00022036-00022181": "và cả Shayne nữa", "kycSCu_fJRk-00073-00022214-00022399": "Tụi mình sống ở gần nhau", "kycSCu_fJRk-00074-00022458-00022556": "Với Tiên mà nói", "kycSCu_fJRk-00075-00022603-00022699": "thì mọi thứ ổn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00076-00022714-00022876": "Quay lại trả lời câu hỏi của các bạn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00077-00022876-00023295": "làm sao để chuẩn bị sống xa gia đình", "kycSCu_fJRk-00078-00023295-00023546": "khi sắp đi du học", "kycSCu_fJRk-00079-00023569-00023752": "Lời khuyên của mình cho các bạn đó là", "kycSCu_fJRk-00080-00023905-00024152": "cứ lên tinh thần", "kycSCu_fJRk-00081-00024239-00024359": "mạnh mẽ lên", "kycSCu_fJRk-00082-00024538-00024836": "kiểu như gia đình sẽ luôn ở bên cạnh bạn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00083-00024836-00024935": "nhưng thời gian lên đại học", "kycSCu_fJRk-00084-00024935-00025220": "là thời cơ để bạn phát triển bản thân", "kycSCu_fJRk-00085-00025344-00025608": "cũng là lúc bạn được làm điều mình thích.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00086-00025690-00025954": "Cho nên bạn cứ lên tinh thần xách vali lên và đi thôi", "kycSCu_fJRk-00087-00025954-00026369": "dù biết phải xa nhà.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00088-00026369-00026592": "Nếu các bạn muốn thử một cuộc sống tự lập", "kycSCu_fJRk-00089-00026592-00026739": "thì các bạn phải tập tự lập", "kycSCu_fJRk-00090-00026762-00027077": "đừng quá dựa dẫm vào bố mẹ", "kycSCu_fJRk-00091-00027077-00027172": "Đó là cơ hội của các bạn!", "kycSCu_fJRk-00092-00027317-00027731": "Đó là cách tụi mình đã làm.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00093-00027786-00027931": "Hay quá ta.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00094-00028337-00028631": "Tụi mình thấy có rất nhiều câu hỏi liên quan đến IELTS, TOEFL", "kycSCu_fJRk-00095-00028631-00028856": "nên sẽ gom lại trả lời một lần nhé.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00096-00028856-00029010": "Những câu về IELTS", "kycSCu_fJRk-00097-00029010-00029155": "và cả về SAT nha.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00098-00029155-00029337": "Mình đã thấy có rất nhiều thắc mắc về SAT", "kycSCu_fJRk-00099-00029337-00029481": "và cả IELTS nữa.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00100-00029481-00029893": "Vậy thì mình và Tiên sẽ chia sẻ cách bọn mình chuẩn bị như thế nào cho kỳ thi IELTS", "kycSCu_fJRk-00101-00029893-00030056": "cách bọn mình đã ôn tập thế nào.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00102-00030056-00030272": "Mọi thứ liên quan đến việc học Tiếng Anh nhé.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00103-00030426-00030658": "Bọn mình đã học Tiếng Anh ở đâu?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00104-00030730-00030780": "Đầu tiên là,", "kycSCu_fJRk-00105-00030780-00030883": "bọn mình đã học ở đâu?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00106-00030883-00031075": "Đầu tiên là tụi mình học ở", "kycSCu_fJRk-00107-00031094-00031218": "YOLA", "kycSCu_fJRk-00108-00031420-00031589": "Nó cũng hơi mắc cười", "kycSCu_fJRk-00109-00031589-00031837": "mọi người đều biết YOLA mà phải không?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00110-00031837-00032063": "Còn nếu các bạn chưa biết thì thử tra google nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00111-00032081-00032263": "Kiểu như đó là một trung tâm khá quen thuộc", "kycSCu_fJRk-00112-00032263-00032479": "để học IELTS, TOEFL hay SAT", "kycSCu_fJRk-00113-00032479-00032537": "ở Việt Nam.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00114-00032663-00033074": "Điều thú vị là tụi mình đã đi học cùng với nhau", "kycSCu_fJRk-00115-00033074-00033256": "hình như là học cùng lớp.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00116-00033256-00033306": "Biết sao hông", "kycSCu_fJRk-00117-00033306-00033628": "kiểu như là tụi mình có rất nhiều bạn chung", "kycSCu_fJRk-00118-00033628-00033758": "học trong cùng một lớp", "kycSCu_fJRk-00119-00033758-00034243": "và tụi mình cũng học kiểu,  chỉ nói chuyện thôi", "kycSCu_fJRk-00120-00034353-00034500": "Kiểu tụi mình cũng chơi bời thôi", "kycSCu_fJRk-00121-00034500-00034610": "chứ thiệt tình cũng không có học hành gì", "kycSCu_fJRk-00122-00034731-00034867": "Thật lòng mà nói,", "kycSCu_fJRk-00123-00034867-00035038": "cá nhân mình cũng không có  học gì nhiều về SAT", "kycSCu_fJRk-00124-00035127-00035500": "không nhưng mà SAT đúng kiểu cái môn khó nhất", "kycSCu_fJRk-00125-00035500-00035665": "mà mình từng học trong cuộc đời.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00126-00035665-00036017": "SAT là một kỳ thi rất rất khó.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00127-00036017-00036137": "Thực sự là rất khó.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00128-00036137-00036342": "Còn TOEFL", "kycSCu_fJRk-00129-00036342-00036536": "và IELTS theo mình thì dễ hơn.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00130-00036612-00036959": "Về bản thân mình thì mình nhớ", "kycSCu_fJRk-00131-00036959-00037258": "mình cũng không học gì về IELTS cả.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00132-00037267-00037593": "thực ra bọn mình không có học gì nhiều về IELTS", "kycSCu_fJRk-00133-00037593-00037754": "nhưng mà tụi mình có học TOEFL.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00134-00037754-00038119": "Khi học TOEFL rồi thì tụi mình có thi thử IELTS", "kycSCu_fJRk-00135-00038119-00038256": "và kiểu nó cũng khá giống nhau", "kycSCu_fJRk-00136-00038256-00038369": "cũng không quá là khó.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00137-00038369-00038494": "Với mình thì ổn.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00138-00038494-00038699": "[T] Ủa anh có thi hả? [K] Có mà", "kycSCu_fJRk-00139-00038699-00038749": "Em thì không có thi nha.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00140-00038749-00038833": "Ủa vậy hả?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00141-00038833-00038944": "Đó, Kyle đã từng thi IELTS", "kycSCu_fJRk-00142-00038944-00039144": "nên Kyle nghĩ là", "kycSCu_fJRk-00143-00039144-00039247": "nếu mà không ôn tập gì", "kycSCu_fJRk-00144-00039247-00039410": "thì chắc đạt 7.0 điểm", "kycSCu_fJRk-00145-00039410-00039609": "[T] Ồ, 7.0/9.0 hả [K] Ừ", "kycSCu_fJRk-00146-00039609-00039899": "[K] Ủa phải thang điểm 9 không? [T] 9 mà", "kycSCu_fJRk-00147-00039950-00040153": "Ờ đó, mình đã đạt tầm 7.0/9.0", "kycSCu_fJRk-00148-00040321-00040604": "Còn TOEFT thì cũng không quá khó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00149-00040604-00040692": "theo em thấy là vậy", "kycSCu_fJRk-00150-00040692-00040887": "Ý là mình cũng không phải đạt 100 điểm", "kycSCu_fJRk-00151-00040887-00041044": "mình được 90 điểm", "kycSCu_fJRk-00152-00041301-00041729": "Nhưng mà trường em thì yêu cầu cần 80 điểm thôi", "kycSCu_fJRk-00153-00041729-00041929": "hầu như các trường ở Mỹ", "kycSCu_fJRk-00154-00041929-00042247": "đều yêu cầu bằng TOEFL từ 80 điểm.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00155-00042247-00042483": "Bằng SAT thì không phải bắt buộc", "kycSCu_fJRk-00156-00042483-00042713": "nhưng TOEFL chắc chắn phải có", "kycSCu_fJRk-00157-00042713-00042860": "cho tất cả các trường luôn.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00158-00042860-00043060": "Mình nghĩ đối với TOEFL", "kycSCu_fJRk-00159-00043060-00043110": "mình đã được khoảng 89 điểm", "kycSCu_fJRk-00160-00043110-00043297": "[T] Em cũng được 89 điểm luôn, làm tròn lên 90 đó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00161-00043481-00043700": "Trời đất còn làm tròn nữa.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00162-00043828-00044270": "Nhưng mình thấy môn SAT thì đúng là khó,  điểm thì thiệt là...", "kycSCu_fJRk-00163-00044270-00044621": "Điểm SAT của em là 1500/2400", "kycSCu_fJRk-00164-00044621-00044781": "Ừ anh cũng vậy, cũng tầm đó.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00165-00044846-00045314": "Các bạn phải mua thêm sách và học thêm, vậy đó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00166-00045314-00045601": "Mục tiêu của kỳ thi SAT sẽ giúp bạn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00167-00045601-00045963": "giống như một bức tường mà các bạn phải vượt qua", "kycSCu_fJRk-00168-00045963-00046138": "để đi đến giấc mơ du học Mỹ.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00169-00046153-00046452": "Thậm chí các bạn không hề sử dụng kiến thức gì của SAT tại trường đại học luôn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00170-00046452-00046551": "Đúng vậy, hoàn toàn không nha.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00171-00046551-00046868": "Trường của mình thậm chí còn không yêu cầu bằng SAT luôn đó.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00172-00046908-00047382": "Kiểu như bạn biết cả đống từ khó nhằn cần phải học để qua được kỳ thi đó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00173-00047382-00047432": "Siêu siêu khó luôn nha.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00174-00047432-00047582": "nhưng cuối cùng hoàn toàn không sử dụng tới luôn.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00175-00047582-00047790": "Ai đâu mà xài tới mấy từ khùng điên đó trời", "kycSCu_fJRk-00176-00047922-00048034": "Thiệt luôn.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00177-00048034-00048158": "Thật sự rất khó nha.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00178-00048158-00048564": "Mình thấy là các bạn không quá cần đặt nặng nó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00179-00048564-00048694": "mình không chắc nữa", "kycSCu_fJRk-00180-00048694-00048930": "cũng tùy vào mỗi người thôi", "kycSCu_fJRk-00181-00048930-00049107": "như bạn muốn đậu vào Ivy League chẳng hạn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00182-00049107-00049309": "Nếu muốn vào Ivy League thì chắc chắn cần SAT rồi đó.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00183-00049309-00049400": "Đúng vậy.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00184-00049400-00049536": "Kiểu như mấy trường top, mình không biết nữa", "kycSCu_fJRk-00185-00049536-00049660": "từ top 50 chẳng hạn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00186-00049660-00049783": "các trường từ top 30", "kycSCu_fJRk-00187-00049783-00049913": "và bạn chắc chắn cần bằng SAT", "kycSCu_fJRk-00188-00049913-00050237": "tại vì các trường này xét tuyển dựa trên điểm SAT rất nhiều", "kycSCu_fJRk-00189-00050237-00050393": "như Ivy League nè.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00190-00050555-00050815": "Còn tụi mình thì không tới mức đó.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00191-00050847-00051070": "Mình cứ thấy hồi thi SAT đúng là lãng phí thời gian", "kycSCu_fJRk-00192-00051070-00051220": "và tiền bạc", "kycSCu_fJRk-00193-00051526-00051954": "Nhưng nếu mà ai muốn vào trường top như Ivy League thì nên học nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00194-00051954-00052227": "Ừ, ai mà muốn vào Ivy League", "kycSCu_fJRk-00195-00052227-00052411": "thì đúng là phải cần thi SAT", "kycSCu_fJRk-00196-00052527-00052832": "Còn mình thì không cần vào trường đó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00197-00052854-00053124": "Giấc mơ của mình là trường khác kìa...", "kycSCu_fJRk-00198-00053661-00053946": "Trường mình học là Columbia College, ở Chicago", "kycSCu_fJRk-00199-00053946-00054157": "với chuyên ngành học  Quản lý & Kinh doanh Thời trang", "kycSCu_fJRk-00200-00054330-00054756": "Mình biết đến ngành học này nhờ Shayne", "kycSCu_fJRk-00201-00054756-00055189": "nhưng mà Shayne nghỉ sau nửa năm đầu", "kycSCu_fJRk-00202-00055246-00055500": "tại vì Shayne phải chuyển tới California", "kycSCu_fJRk-00203-00055500-00055635": "còn mình vẫn ở Chicago", "kycSCu_fJRk-00204-00055635-00055837": "nên chuyên ngành của mình vẫn là Kinh doanh Thời trang", "kycSCu_fJRk-00205-00055862-00055987": "Còn anh học chuyên ngành gì?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00206-00055987-00056047": "Mình hả?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00207-00056100-00056310": "Mình học về Kiến trúc", "kycSCu_fJRk-00208-00056310-00056441": "cho nên là...", "kycSCu_fJRk-00209-00056441-00056517": "lý do mình thấy", "kycSCu_fJRk-00210-00056517-00056783": "mình nghĩ SAT không quá quan trọng", "kycSCu_fJRk-00211-00056783-00057040": "tại vì khi học chuyên ngành Kiến trúc kỹ thuật", "kycSCu_fJRk-00212-00057040-00057184": "thì bạn cần gì SAT", "kycSCu_fJRk-00213-00057194-00057419": "Tiên thấy cái này phụ thuộc vào ngành bạn học", "kycSCu_fJRk-00214-00057419-00057647": "và cũng phụ thuộc vào trường bạn chọn nữa", "kycSCu_fJRk-00215-00057666-00057751": "ừ, đúng vậy.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00216-00057794-00058054": "Mới đầu mình học Kiến trúc sư", "kycSCu_fJRk-00217-00058054-00058369": "sau đó qua năm 2 thì chuyển sang ngành IT", "kycSCu_fJRk-00218-00058369-00058519": "nên giờ là IT nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00219-00058519-00058710": "Có nhiều bạn cũng hỏi là", "kycSCu_fJRk-00220-00058710-00059225": "liệu tụi mình đi học có học bổng hay không?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00221-00059225-00059630": "hay là tự chi trả tiền học", "kycSCu_fJRk-00222-00059630-00059959": "Riêng trường của mình thì lại không có học bổng nào", "kycSCu_fJRk-00223-00059959-00060152": "dành cho du học sinh quốc tế cả", "kycSCu_fJRk-00224-00060230-00060516": "Cho nên không có phần học bổng nào cả.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00225-00060516-00060784": "Nhưng có nhiều trường mình nộp trước đó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00226-00060784-00060949": "như: Depaul University, Loyala", "kycSCu_fJRk-00227-00060949-00061364": "họ có đề nghị gửi học bổng cho mình", "kycSCu_fJRk-00228-00061364-00061624": "khoảng $12,000~$13,000", "kycSCu_fJRk-00229-00061744-00061919": "Đó là 2 trường khác,", "kycSCu_fJRk-00230-00061919-00062338": "còn trường mình học thì không có học bổng gì cả", "kycSCu_fJRk-00231-00062338-00062439": "Mình cũng vậy nha.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00232-00062439-00062579": "tại UIC", "kycSCu_fJRk-00233-00062579-00062921": "thì cũng không xin được...", "kycSCu_fJRk-00234-00062921-00063149": "Tên trường anh là gì?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00235-00063149-00063450": "University of Illinois Chicago", "kycSCu_fJRk-00236-00063509-00063673": "Trường mình không có học bổng nào", "kycSCu_fJRk-00237-00063673-00063848": "dành cho du học sinh quốc tế", "kycSCu_fJRk-00238-00063875-00064308": "Nhưng mình thấy các bạn có thể nộp để được xét học bổng sau 1 năm học", "kycSCu_fJRk-00239-00064308-00064416": "nếu bạn thật sự cần", "kycSCu_fJRk-00240-00064562-00065028": "Còn nếu mới học năm nhất ở Mỹ thì trường không có chương trình học bổng nào cả", "kycSCu_fJRk-00241-00065118-00065778": "Vậy anh có bí quyết nào cho các bạn khi nộp vào các trường ở Mỹ không?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00242-00065881-00066048": "mọi người rất là quan tâm luôn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00243-00066048-00066218": "kiểu \"em rất là hoang mang\"", "kycSCu_fJRk-00244-00066218-00066500": "\"em không biết du học ở Mỹ sẽ như nào\"", "kycSCu_fJRk-00245-00066529-00066768": "không biết trường học thì ra sao", "kycSCu_fJRk-00246-00066768-00067101": "rồi không biết việc học hành thế nào", "kycSCu_fJRk-00247-00067101-00067160": "ừm", "kycSCu_fJRk-00248-00067160-00067334": "mình nghĩ là, bí quyết xịn nhất", "kycSCu_fJRk-00249-00067334-00067500": "mình có thể chia sẻ cho các bạn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00250-00067563-00067919": "nếu như bạn chuẩn bị sang Mỹ sinh sống", "kycSCu_fJRk-00251-00067919-00068045": "và học tập", "kycSCu_fJRk-00252-00068045-00068259": "Hãy tạo dựng các mối quan hệ", "kycSCu_fJRk-00253-00068259-00068377": "cứ ra ngoài làm quen bạn bè", "kycSCu_fJRk-00254-00068377-00068520": "đừng quen sống với người Việt", "kycSCu_fJRk-00255-00068520-00068619": "Thật sự mà nói", "kycSCu_fJRk-00256-00068619-00068809": "mình biết có nhiều bạn ra ngoài", "kycSCu_fJRk-00257-00068809-00068952": "cố gắng làm quen với nhiều người Việt", "kycSCu_fJRk-00258-00068952-00069188": "bởi vị họ thấy tự tin thoải mái hơn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00259-00069188-00069416": "Như vậy thì trình tiếng anh của bạn không bao giờ tốt hơn được", "kycSCu_fJRk-00260-00069416-00069504": "Không thể nào luôn!", "kycSCu_fJRk-00261-00069615-00069881": "Khi lần đầu tiên đến Mỹ, ở Chicago", "kycSCu_fJRk-00262-00069881-00070072": "và tiếng anh của mình cũng không tốt", "kycSCu_fJRk-00263-00070253-00070660": "Mặc dù mình học tiếng anh từ hồi lớp 1", "kycSCu_fJRk-00264-00070660-00070774": "thậm chí là từ trước đó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00265-00070774-00071013": "Nhưng mà tại vì mình sống ở Việt Nam", "kycSCu_fJRk-00266-00071013-00071217": "việc vẫn sống ở Việt Nam", "kycSCu_fJRk-00267-00071217-00071383": "và vẫn quen sử dụng tiếng Việt", "kycSCu_fJRk-00268-00071383-00071576": "làm cho tiếng anh của mình không được lưu loát", "kycSCu_fJRk-00269-00071576-00071710": "so với hiện tại", "kycSCu_fJRk-00270-00071731-00072000": "mình nói tiếng anh tốt hơn vì khi ở Mỹ", "kycSCu_fJRk-00271-00072000-00072162": "mình ít đi chơi với các bạn người Việt", "kycSCu_fJRk-00272-00072162-00072406": "mình giao tiếp với khá nhiều bạn nước ngoài khác", "kycSCu_fJRk-00273-00072406-00072609": "Cho nên sau 3-4 năm", "kycSCu_fJRk-00274-00072609-00072817": "thì ngữ điệu của mình cũng có thay đổi", "kycSCu_fJRk-00275-00072901-00073148": "Có nhiều bạn cũng thắc mắc", "kycSCu_fJRk-00276-00073148-00073318": "\"ủa sao tiếng anh của mày tốt vậy?\"", "kycSCu_fJRk-00277-00073318-00073530": "\"mày nói y chang người bản xứ luôn\"", "kycSCu_fJRk-00278-00073530-00073792": "mình kiểu, tại tao hay nói chuyện với người bản xứ", "kycSCu_fJRk-00279-00073792-00074013": "Cũng có nhiều bạn nói", "kycSCu_fJRk-00280-00074013-00074425": "em cũng muốn nói được tiếng anh thật tốt,  thật trôi chảy", "kycSCu_fJRk-00281-00074425-00074616": "nhưng lại không biết làm cách nào", "kycSCu_fJRk-00282-00074616-00074779": "Vậy có bí quyết gì không?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00283-00074821-00075023": "Và đây là một trong các bí kíp luyện tiếng anh", "kycSCu_fJRk-00284-00075023-00075565": "và một bí kíp khác cho bạn,  nếu bạn không chới với nhiều bạn người nước ngoài", "kycSCu_fJRk-00285-00075565-00075684": "như với các bạn người Việt", "kycSCu_fJRk-00286-00075684-00075896": "các bạn cũng có thể xem chương trình truyền hình,", "kycSCu_fJRk-00287-00075896-00076171": "phim ảnh bằng tiếng anh", "kycSCu_fJRk-00288-00076171-00076307": "hoặc chương trình nào đó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00289-00076307-00076576": "mới đầu mình có thể xem phụ đề", "kycSCu_fJRk-00290-00076576-00076958": "rồi khi quen rồi thì có thể xem không cần phụ đề", "kycSCu_fJRk-00291-00076958-00077122": "và cứ xem thôi", "kycSCu_fJRk-00292-00077122-00077330": "như vậy bạn có thể tiến bộ hơn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00293-00077330-00077681": "cũng có nhiều bạn không sử dụng tiếng anh mỗi ngày,", "kycSCu_fJRk-00294-00077681-00078239": "nhưng bằng việc xem TV thường xuyên cũng giúp bạn học và cải thiện rất nhiều", "kycSCu_fJRk-00295-00078247-00078358": "Thiệt sự nha.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00296-00078488-00079091": "Bên cạnh xem phim thì có youtube, có rất nhiều video bằng tiếng anh", "kycSCu_fJRk-00297-00079091-00079565": "và bạn có thể xem bất kỳ chủ đề mình yêu thích, như game chẳng hạn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00298-00079565-00079794": "bạn xem mọi người phát sóng trực tiếp", "kycSCu_fJRk-00299-00079794-00080319": "thay vì xem người Việt thì mình có thể xem game do người Mỹ phát sóng nè", "kycSCu_fJRk-00300-00080319-00080519": "họ phát trực tiếp và nói tiếng anh chẳng hạn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00301-00080519-00080636": "đó cũng là một cách học", "kycSCu_fJRk-00302-00080636-00081010": "nếu như mà mình thường xuyên nghe một ngôn ngữ nào đó trong một thời gian dài", "kycSCu_fJRk-00303-00081010-00081262": "thì bạn sẽ tăng khả năng tư duy về ngôn ngữ đó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00304-00081282-00081699": "Nhiều bạn thì sợ là tiếng anh của mình không đủ tốt lúc đi Mỹ", "kycSCu_fJRk-00305-00081699-00081884": "thì sẽ bị trêu chọc", "kycSCu_fJRk-00306-00081884-00082109": "có lẽ có nhiều bạn suy nghĩ như vậy,", "kycSCu_fJRk-00307-00082109-00082330": "đặc biệt là trong lớp học [K] Vì sao lại vậy?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00308-00082349-00082913": "Kiểu như khi muốn phát biểu mà bạn không phải người Mỹ và nói tiếng anh không được lưu loát", "kycSCu_fJRk-00309-00083019-00083232": "Nhưng mà các bạn biết không", "kycSCu_fJRk-00310-00083232-00083765": "quay ngược lại thì câu trả lời cho việc bạn quá sợ bị mọi người cười", "kycSCu_fJRk-00311-00083765-00084132": "và bạn không cố gắng đồng nghĩa là không bao giờ tiến bộ", "kycSCu_fJRk-00312-00084132-00084342": "mà không tiến bộ thì...", "kycSCu_fJRk-00313-00084355-00084690": "bạn biết kết quả của việc đó mà", "kycSCu_fJRk-00314-00084737-00084905": "sự thật là như vậy.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00315-00085000-00085050": "Câu hỏi dành cho cặp đôi", "kycSCu_fJRk-00316-00085050-00085148": "phần này vui nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00317-00085215-00085445": "Tụi mình đã chuẩn bị những câu hỏi vui", "kycSCu_fJRk-00318-00085445-00085723": "5 câu hỏi của Kyle 5 câu hỏi của Tiên", "kycSCu_fJRk-00319-00085723-00086300": "và sẽ xem suy nghĩ tui mình có giống nhau không", "kycSCu_fJRk-00320-00086641-00087067": "Kiểu như là xem tụi mình có hiểu về nhau đủ chưa", "kycSCu_fJRk-00321-00087067-00087442": "Về chúng ta, không phải hiểu lẫn nhau", "kycSCu_fJRk-00322-00087442-00087600": "ừ thì về chúng ta", "kycSCu_fJRk-00323-00087786-00088196": "ủa sao chơi nói tiếng Việt vậy, tưởng em muốn luyện tiếng anh chứ?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00324-00088196-00088377": "xin lỗi nha tiếng anh của em hơi tệ", "kycSCu_fJRk-00325-00088666-00088793": "chuẩn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00326-00089324-00089504": "Ngôi nhà trong mơ của tụi mình là gì?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00327-00089537-00089615": "trời đất", "kycSCu_fJRk-00328-00089763-00090312": "Kiểu, nếu mà tụi mình có cưới nhau thì tụi mình muốn sống ở đâu?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00329-00090312-00090685": "[K] Ý em muốn hỏi kiểu nhà gì hả? [T] Kiểu nhà nha.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00330-00090685-00090735": "3...2...1", "kycSCu_fJRk-00331-00090735-00090916": "Penthouse (căn hộ cao cấp)", "kycSCu_fJRk-00332-00090916-00091007": "Hiểu ý luôn rồi.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00333-00091028-00091247": "Câu hỏi của Kyle là", "kycSCu_fJRk-00334-00091259-00091557": "Nơi hẹn hò đầu tiên là ở đâu?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00335-00091557-00091660": "ui, quá là dễ", "kycSCu_fJRk-00336-00091660-00091923": "[K] Dễ á hả, anh không nghĩ em nhớ đâu", "kycSCu_fJRk-00337-00091923-00092120": "3...2...1", "kycSCu_fJRk-00338-00092120-00092320": "Hard Rock", "kycSCu_fJRk-00339-00092320-00092588": "trời ơi, honey, quá là dễ luôn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00340-00092588-00092931": "[T] Cách đây 8 năm rồi đó các bạn [K] Cách đây rất là lâu rồi", "kycSCu_fJRk-00341-00092931-00093059": "Từ hồi năm 2013 luôn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00342-00093059-00093279": "Tụi mình muốn có mấy đứa con?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00343-00093305-00093515": "trời mẹ, giờ nói về con luôn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00344-00093652-00093786": "3...2...1", "kycSCu_fJRk-00345-00093830-00093931": "2 đứa", "kycSCu_fJRk-00346-00094102-00094795": "Chương trình TV nào tụi mình thích coi nhất hồi quen nhau ở Mỹ?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00347-00094825-00094971": "chương trình gì hả?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00348-00095018-00095267": "3...2...1", "kycSCu_fJRk-00349-00095277-00095443": "Running Man", "kycSCu_fJRk-00350-00095706-00096014": "Hồi ở Chicago mình thích ăn gà ở đâu?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00351-00096014-00096141": "Quá là dễ luôn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00352-00096141-00096258": "3...2...1", "kycSCu_fJRk-00353-00096285-00096439": "Crisp", "kycSCu_fJRk-00354-00096439-00096592": "Có ai ở Chicago khônggg?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00355-00096592-00096950": "[T] Có nhiều người xem của mình  ở Chicago lắm nha [K] Ủa vậy hả?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00356-00096950-00097065": "[T] Có nhiều bạn nhắn tin cho mình vậy đó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00357-00097065-00097296": "[K] Nếu các bạn cũng đang ở Chicago, trời,", "kycSCu_fJRk-00358-00097325-00097609": "anh nhớ thành phố đó ghê", "kycSCu_fJRk-00359-00097609-00097950": "mọi người nhớ đi ăn gà ở Crisp nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00360-00097950-00098361": "món gà rán Hàn Quốc ở đó thề là ngon đỉnh", "kycSCu_fJRk-00361-00098361-00098824": "thề là món gà ngon nhất trong đời mình từng ăn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00362-00098824-00099078": "[K] Ngon nhất thế giới luôn [T] Thiệt sự nha.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00363-00099078-00099444": "[K] Mình chưa thấy... [T] Làm gì toàn thế giới, làm như anh đi nhiều nơi lắm dị", "kycSCu_fJRk-00364-00099444-00099644": "[K] Anh ăn nhiều chỗ lắm rồi [T] Thôi xạo quá", "kycSCu_fJRk-00365-00099644-00099867": "Ủa chứ em đi châu Âu chưa? Anh không nghĩ vậy...", "kycSCu_fJRk-00366-00099980-00100159": "Ừa, anh thấy dậy đó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00367-00100826-00101184": "Hỡi các bạn dân Chicago, dân Sài Gòn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00368-00101184-00101384": "Nếu bạn là dân Sài Gòn, nhớ mua áo của NoControl nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00369-00101384-00101518": "Chica-nese", "kycSCu_fJRk-00370-00101731-00101865": "đùa chút thôi", "kycSCu_fJRk-00371-00101955-00102459": "Nếu bạn có cơ hội đi Chicago, nhớ ghé Crisp nha thề là ngon đỉnh", "kycSCu_fJRk-00372-00102459-00102553": "Mình nghĩ là nó nằm ở đường...", "kycSCu_fJRk-00373-00102553-00102745": "Nhớ chụp hình và gửi cho bọn mình nhé", "kycSCu_fJRk-00374-00102745-00102795": "Đúng vậyyy", "kycSCu_fJRk-00375-00102888-00103312": "Tiệm đồ ngọt nào mình thích nhất ở Chicago?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00376-00103472-00103615": "Honey, đợi chút", "kycSCu_fJRk-00377-00103615-00103851": "có quá trời quán luôn sao biết quán nào?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00378-00103851-00104051": "ủa anh không biết, đó là chỗ anh thích nhất nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00379-00104280-00104910": "[T] nhưng mà là bánh gì? [K] wh...wh...", "kycSCu_fJRk-00380-00105024-00105529": "anh không biết nha. Đó, Tiên không nhớ nha mọi người", "kycSCu_fJRk-00381-00105678-00105827": "3...2...1", "kycSCu_fJRk-00382-00105827-00105970": "Fire Cake", "kycSCu_fJRk-00383-00106000-00106274": "Mình thề là cảnh này thật nha mọi người.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00384-00106333-00106832": "Câu này khó nha. Tụi mình đã du lịch cùng nhau qua mấy bang?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00385-00106832-00106982": "Ủa Tiên thậm chí không nhớ luôn mọi người", "kycSCu_fJRk-00386-00106982-00107111": "Ủa sao mình hỏi câu này ta?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00387-00107111-00107237": "3...2...1", "kycSCu_fJRk-00388-00107252-00107474": "5 bang. [T] Bang nào?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00389-00107613-00107838": "Trời, số đó tự nhảy ra luôn mọi người", "kycSCu_fJRk-00390-00108052-00108404": "[K] Mình nhớ là tụi mình đã đi qua... [T] (1) Illinois", "kycSCu_fJRk-00391-00108404-00108734": "[K] Ủa mình sống ở đó mà [T] Kệ đi cũng tính (1) mà", "kycSCu_fJRk-00392-00108734-00109063": "Mình ở đây thì vẫn tính Illinois là đi du lịch nha má", "kycSCu_fJRk-00393-00109253-00109453": "(1) Illinois", "kycSCu_fJRk-00394-00109453-00109878": "(2) Cali (3) New York", "kycSCu_fJRk-00395-00109878-00110078": "(4) Texas", "kycSCu_fJRk-00396-00110099-00110466": "(5) Washington State", "kycSCu_fJRk-00397-00110595-00110686": "(6) Virginia", "kycSCu_fJRk-00398-00110686-00111000": "(7) Philadelphia", "kycSCu_fJRk-00399-00111000-00111123": "(8) Washington DC", "kycSCu_fJRk-00400-00111209-00111404": "Thôi kệ câu đó tụi mình sai rồi", "kycSCu_fJRk-00401-00111404-00111615": "[K] Ủa vậy mình đã đi mấy bang? [T] 9 nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00402-00111615-00111723": "Mà tụi mình trả lời 5", "kycSCu_fJRk-00403-00111978-00112443": "Thực ra mình có đi qua mấy bang nữa  nhưng không phải đi với Kyle.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00404-00112490-00112965": "Tụi mình đã làm kỷ niệm lần 2 quen nhau ở đâu?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00405-00113038-00113430": "Kỷ niệm lần thứ 2 hả?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00406-00113430-00113614": "[K] Địa điểm ăn tối nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00407-00113614-00113840": "Là nơi nào đó...", "kycSCu_fJRk-00408-00113990-00114515": "[T] Ủa kỷ niệm lần thứ 2 là sao? [K] Là năm thứ 2 đó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00409-00114515-00114974": "[T] Ủa là năm thứ 2 hẹn hò đó hả? [K] Ủa trời ơi cái qq gì dậy?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00410-00115026-00115318": "[T] Oke em nhớ rồi 3...2...1", "kycSCu_fJRk-00411-00115356-00115481": "[T] Naha... [K] The Log", "kycSCu_fJRk-00412-00115508-00115633": "[T] ủa?? [K] Là quán The Log nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00413-00115633-00115825": "[T] ừ ha The Log  [K] ờ", "kycSCu_fJRk-00414-00115825-00116148": "Vậy mà Tiên nói là Tiên nhớ hết mọi thứ, nhưng...", "kycSCu_fJRk-00415-00116190-00116295": "The Log nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00416-00116389-00116689": "[T] À mình có chụp tấm hình [K] Đúng ời", "kycSCu_fJRk-00417-00116748-00116921": "Câu hỏi cuối cùng nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00418-00116932-00117370": "Từ nha, ai thua là phải mua cho người thắng một đôi giày nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00419-00117370-00117562": "ủa gì dãy?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00420-00117623-00118161": "Lần đầu tiên chúng ta nói chuyện với nhau là khi nào?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00421-00118239-00118433": "3...2...1", "kycSCu_fJRk-00422-00118477-00118586": "[K] Sophomore", "kycSCu_fJRk-00423-00118586-00118823": "[T] Lớp tin học [K] Nãy em không có nói", "kycSCu_fJRk-00424-00118851-00119233": "[T] Là khi nào? [K] thì là hồi học trung học năm 2", "kycSCu_fJRk-00425-00119233-00119415": "[T] Là lúc nào? [K] Ý em là sao", "kycSCu_fJRk-00426-00119415-00119594": "Ý là sao mình nói chuyện với nhau đó", "kycSCu_fJRk-00427-00119594-00119838": "[K] Trong lớp tin học [T] Tại sao á?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00428-00119838-00120038": "Tại sao mình nói chuyện lúc đó?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00429-00120053-00120253": "Tiên đã mượn tai nghe của mình", "kycSCu_fJRk-00430-00120253-00120469": "Lúc đó Tiên kiểu  \"mình mượn tai nghe của bạn được không?\"", "kycSCu_fJRk-00431-00120469-00120702": "Mình kiểu \"ủa bạn là ai dãy?\"", "kycSCu_fJRk-00432-00120826-00121063": "[T] Tụi mình là bạn cùng lớp. [K] Yeah", "kycSCu_fJRk-00433-00121063-00121426": "[K] Tiên kiểu cứ nhìn mình giống như crush  mình lâu rồi á mọi người", "kycSCu_fJRk-00434-00121426-00121564": "[T] không hề nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00435-00121711-00121938": "Hồi đó Kyle xấu lắm mọi người", "kycSCu_fJRk-00436-00122128-00122591": "[T] Kiểu hồi đó anh để tóc ngáo dừa [T] Ờ còn em hồi đó để tóc đỏ khá là đẹp", "kycSCu_fJRk-00437-00122591-00122950": "[T] Chứ sao nữa, anh nói gì dậy? [K] Hồi đó Tiên từng là dancer nhảy đó mọi người", "kycSCu_fJRk-00438-00122950-00123134": "[T] Em vẫn là dancer nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00439-00123279-00123537": "Câu hỏi cuối của mình", "kycSCu_fJRk-00440-00123649-00124418": "Có bao nhiêu trạm tàu điện ngầm từ chỗ ở cũ của Tiên tới phòng Kyle?", "kycSCu_fJRk-00441-00124527-00124689": "3...2...1", "kycSCu_fJRk-00442-00124689-00124912": "[T] 4. [K] 5.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00443-00124938-00125237": "5 nha, mình vẫn còn nhớ, Washington", "kycSCu_fJRk-00444-00125237-00125522": "[T] ủa em có đi qua chỗ đó mỗi ngày đâu? [K] Anh không quan tâm", "kycSCu_fJRk-00445-00125541-00125966": "Washington, Monroe Jackson, Lasalle, Clinton, UIC.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00446-00126010-00126119": "thấy chưa, đúng rồi", "kycSCu_fJRk-00447-00126218-00126361": "5 nha mọi người", "kycSCu_fJRk-00448-00126361-00126763": "[T]  Em chỉ ở đó có 1 năm à [K] Anh không biết nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00449-00126790-00127325": "Tụi mình hy vọng đã giải đáp được khá là nhiều  câu hỏi của các bạn", "kycSCu_fJRk-00450-00127325-00128009": "về chuyện đi du học, nộp hồ sơ tìm trường du học Mỹ...", "kycSCu_fJRk-00451-00128055-00128352": "Cảm ơn các bạn rất nhiều vì đã xem hết video này", "kycSCu_fJRk-00452-00128352-00128743": "Nếu các bạn thích xem tụi mình làm video nói tiếng anh", "kycSCu_fJRk-00453-00128758-00129085": "thì bình luận bên dưới để tụi mình biết nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00454-00129085-00129272": "và tụi mình sẽ gặp lại các bạn ở tập tiếp theo nha", "kycSCu_fJRk-00455-00129301-00129545": "Theo dõi tụi mình ở Instagram nhé.", "kycSCu_fJRk-00456-00129598-00129870": "Nhớ bấm theo dõi kênh của tụi mình nhe,  tạm biệttttt"}}, {"audio_id": "kzqXv0BaIWg", "text": {"kzqXv0BaIWg-00000-00000000-00000200": "There was yet another known issue."}}, {"audio_id": "kzGWtfCiuK0", "text": {"kzGWtfCiuK0-00000-00000216-00000705": "Hi everyone thanks for joining us. My name is Leah Pappas, and I'm presenting today with", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00001-00000705-00001224": "my colleagues from the Hawu community Naomi Thomas Mare and Leonardo Lede Lai. We will", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00002-00001224-00001717": "be presenting on gesture in video language documentation. Now, throughout the presentation", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00003-00001717-00002324": "we will first introduce you to the Hawu language. Then we will discuss gesture, why it's important,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00004-00002324-00002919": "give some examples. And finally we'll close with some suggestions for taking gesture into", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00005-00002919-00003403": "consideration while doing language documentation work. So right now we're in the midst of a", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00006-00003403-00003982": "Hawu documentation project, and this project is a multi-modal documentation project, meaning", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00007-00003982-00004601": "that we're focusing on making sure we collect both gesture and language. And we're collecting", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00008-00004601-00005245": "a plethora of different kinds of- different kinds of texts, largely dependent on what", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00009-00005245-00005733": "the speakers are interested in talking about. But so far we've collected a lot of narratives,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00010-00005733-00006253": "folk stories, and cultural information. Most of our speakers are older speakers, but we", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00011-00006253-00006786": "do have some younger speakers. And because of COVID, everything is currently remote right", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00012-00006786-00007354": "now. So I'm here in the united states and Naomi and Leo are in Indonesia, collecting", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00013-00007354-00007760": "the data, and processing it, and doing a lot of the work there. And then we collaborate", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00014-00007760-00008295": "online. So before we jump into gesture, Naomi is going to give you some information on the", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00015-00008295-00008679": "Hawu language and some cultural information.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00016-00008679-00009549": "Lii Hawu or Savu language is one of the regional languages in NTT which is used by the Savu", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00017-00009549-00010390": "people as a colloquial language. Furthermore, Savu people also use Indonesian in their daily", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00018-00010390-00011104": "communication. Lii Hawu or Savu language is always use in weddings, funerals, and other", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00019-00011104-00011956": "traditional rituals. Lii Hawu has five dialects namely Mehara, Liae, Seba, Savu Timur, and", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00020-00011956-00012850": "Raijua. The Savu people have many cultures, and one of them is the culture of kissing", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00021-00012850-00013561": "noses. This culture is always carried out by the Savu people who are in Savu and outside", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00022-00013561-00014565": "of Savu island. Savu people kiss noses when they meet at a special event. this kissing", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00023-00014565-00015112": "is a sign of their brotherhood, peace, and affection. Okay, now that you're somewhat", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00024-00015112-00015636": "familiar with Hawu, I want to transition into gesture and talk about why this is an important", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00025-00015636-00016197": "thing that we should document. So we're coming from the perspective that gesture is a critical", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00026-00016197-00016654": "part of communication. Gesture researchers view an utterance to include two elements:", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00027-00016654-00017304": "the verbal stream, which is the information that's contributed by the voice, and the gestural", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00028-00017304-00017743": "stream, the information contributed by the body. And these two elements are produced", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00029-00017743-00018270": "at the same time in a maximally communicative utterance. We also often think of gesture", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00030-00018270-00018764": "as a universal language, because what do we do when we don't have language to communicate?", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00031-00018764-00019439": "We use gesture. But it also can be somewhat disingenuous in that how we gesture, when", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00032-00019439-00020167": "we gesture, why, how much etc. is not necessarily universal. It can vary by language, by region,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00033-00020167-00020825": "by culture, even by person. So it's an important thing to document as we search to understand", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00034-00020825-00021551": "the diversity of human communication. Now unfortunately, just like language, most gesture", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00035-00021551-00022179": "studies have focused on widely-spoken European languages. But gesture researchers are in", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00036-00022179-00022823": "the process of diversifying the documentation, just as linguists are. As someone who's interested", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00037-00022823-00023343": "in language, gesture can be a very useful tool for many different things. For instance,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00038-00023343-00023717": "gesture can give pragmatic and interactional information. Gesture can let someone know", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00039-00023717-00024195": "when it's their turn to speak, when someone is done speaking, whether they understand,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00040-00024195-00024810": "whether they agree. All of this can be communicated via body language. For phonologists, gesture", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00041-00024810-00025333": "can be interesting in the context of stress. Gestures often occur on stressed syllables,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00042-00025333-00025948": "and so can give information as to how words are stressed in a stressed study. Gesture", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00043-00025948-00026473": "can also give specialized cultural, contextual information which we'll give you an example", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00044-00026473-00027010": "of in a moment. It can also reveal cognitive processes that are not available in language.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00045-00027010-00027516": "So these are left out of language but shown through gesture. It can reveal the setting", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00046-00027516-00028063": "of the speech event. Every speech event is rooted in the environment in which it's spoken,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00047-00028063-00028542": "and gesture can be one way in which the speakers refer to the environment as they speak. And", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00048-00028542-00029106": "there are many, many more ways that gesture can inform research. But we should also remember", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00049-00029106-00029677": "that as language documenters, our goals are to be maximally informative, right? Make make", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00050-00029677-00030179": "videos that are maximally useful to a broad range of people, and they should aim to be", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00051-00030179-00030870": "objective. And so we should be aware of the fact that gesture could be something that", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00052-00030870-00031375": "researchers are interested in and that our documentation can be very useful for gesture", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00053-00031375-00031800": "researchers. So we're going to provide you with some examples of areas where gesture", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00054-00031800-00032389": "is really important to fully understanding what the speaker is saying. In this first", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00055-00032389-00032818": "example this man is telling a story of his life. He's talking about his very first home", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00056-00032818-00033293": "that he built for his family, and I will let him do the talking", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00057-00034252-00045085": "Okay, so the man is saying \"it's like this house, the house over there\" and as he's speaking,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00058-00034960-00035562": "he's pointing to a house that he can't actually see because he's inside of a home, but he's", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00059-00035562-00036146": "pointing in the general direction of the house. And in this instance, the language isn't giving", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00060-00036146-00036752": "us any information about what the house looks like, but the gesture is is orienting our", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00061-00036752-00037534": "attention towards that house. Another example is- this is an example where gesture is giving", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00062-00037534-00038113": "cultural information, and so Naomi is going to introduce nira or palm juice and how important", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00063-00038113-00038965": "it is to the Hawu people. Nira or palm juice is one of the necessities of life for Savu", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00064-00038965-00039791": "people. The palm juice or nira is processed into red sugar, and we call it 'gula cair'", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00065-00039791-00040573": "and 'gula lamping'. Besides being consumed as staple food, sugar is also sold to help", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00066-00040573-00041352": "the economic needs of the Savu people. Now, the nira or palm juice has also been processed", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00067-00041352-00042366": "into powdered sugar, and we call it 'gula semut' and sopi or alcohol. So the palm juice", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00068-00042366-00042788": "of the Savu community has greatly helped the economy of the Savu people. Because of how", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00069-00042788-00043086": "important the collection of palm juice is, we've actually had a lot of people interested", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00070-00043086-00043719": "in talking about the process of collecting and processing the palm juice, and in these", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00071-00043719-00044314": "examples, we've actually found some recurring gestures that seem to be very culturally specific.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00072-00044314-00044902": "So this man is describing collecting palm juice, and watch his gesture as he talks about", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00073-00044902-00045085": "a tool called the ngapi.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00074-00045533-00046630": "Okay, so you can see that his gesture- He's lifting his arm up to his shoulder. He's opening", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00075-00046630-00047041": "and closing his arm while having his other arm inside like this. Okay, a very specific", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00076-00047041-00047600": "gesture. And now, in our translation we use the word 'clamp'. As someone who's not from", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00077-00047600-00047977": "Hawu, you hear the word 'clamp' and you could think of a bunch of different ways that something", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00078-00047977-00048566": "could be clamped. And in this instance, he's saying clamp the ngapi like this, like that", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00079-00048566-00049108": "It's like okay, well, like what? You can only get that information if you're looking at", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00080-00049108-00049708": "the gesture. Now let's take a look at this man who is talking about the same thing,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00081-00049708-00050223": "but he has access to the tool. And watch what he does with the tool. This is the ngapi.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00082-00051213-00051838": "It is actually two sticks that are clamped together at the end to make a joint. And to use it,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00083-00051838-00052301": "you put it over your shoulder, and you open and close it, okay. And the fruit goes in between", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00084-00052301-00052869": "the two sticks. So now that you see the tool, if we return to this man's gesture,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00085-00053700-00054361": "All of a sudden, you can see how his gesture relates to the tool, the ngapi", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00086-00054364-00054874": "His arm is acting as the tool. His elbow is the joint where the two sticks are together,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00087-00054874-00055345": "and he's opening and closing it like you would with the actual tool. Now, his other hand is", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00088-00055345-00055795": "going in the middle acting as the fruit that's being clamped between the two", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00089-00055795-00056425": "two sticks. Okay, so this is a very specific gesture. You have to have knowledge of the", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00090-00056425-00056901": "tool to understand what the gesture is doing, and we found that it's very common. Here's", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00091-00056901-00057337": "another man who's talking about collecting palm juice, and you can see he does the same thing.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00092-00057901-00058347": "Okay, so you can see again and again, he's doing this gesture, this gesture where he's taking", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00093-00058347-00058770": "the fruit putting it in the ngapi and using his arm as the tool. Okay, so those are just", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00094-00058770-00059188": "two examples. Honestly there could be a ton, but those are two examples of places where", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00095-00059188-00059854": "the gestures in the recordings are so important to understanding the actual content of the", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00096-00059854-00060549": "utterance. Okay, so now that we hopefully have an idea of how important gesture is, let's", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00097-00060549-00061152": "turn to how we should account for it. How we should document gesture. Gesture as a visual medium,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00098-00061152-00061620": "the most basic way to account for it is to use video in our documentation projects, quite", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00099-00061620-00062112": "simply. And luckily, video has become such an integral feature of documentation projects", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00100-00062112-00062882": "that it's quite simple to do at this point. But just using video is not necessarily", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00101-00062882-00063445": "enough. Depending on the situation, it's important to be informed as to how gestures might manifest", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00102-00063445-00064004": "within the speech event and how to account for them. So if we look at this diagram", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00103-00064004-00064632": "on the right hand side of the screen, you can see that there's a center area and then an", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00104-00064632-00065218": "extreme periphery, and most gestures occur in this center area. Now, occasionally they", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00105-00065218-00065737": "will extend into the periphery, and this is generally how gestures are treated. And often,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00106-00065737-00066450": "if you simply go by this, you'll get a fair amount of gestures. But where people gesture,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00107-00066450-00067195": "how they gesture, how much, how big can vary based on the sitting position, whether they're", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00108-00067195-00067663": "sitting or standing. And also the topic that they're talking about might cause them", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00109-00067663-00068093": "to orient their gestures in a certain way, make them larger or smaller. And so it's important", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00110-00068093-00068848": "to be informed about these topics before recording so that we can set up the recording appropriately.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00111-00068848-00069405": "Let's take a look at this video here. Now, as I said, according to this diagram most gestures", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00112-00069405-00069997": "occur within the center, but this is a man who is describing the layout of a traditional Hawu", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00113-00069997-00070273": "home, and he's using very large gestures.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00114-00071091-00071763": "Okay, so this video is pulled very far back. You get a lot of space around the speakers,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00115-00071763-00072139": "but because of how he's gesturing, this is really important. Sometimes his hands reach", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00116-00072139-00072662": "the top of the screen, and so he's really using the space widely. Now if we also look-", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00117-00073403-00073800": "He draws that line on the ground in front of him", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00118-00073812-00074299": "and this we found to be common among people who are sitting on the ground as they're speaking.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00119-00074299-00074874": "For the purposes of this presentation, we're calling this floor drawing where as the", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00120-00074874-00075295": "speaker is talking he's kind of using the floor as a tableau to orient his gestures", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00121-00075295-00075855": "on. So here's another example. This man is describing the different shapes of graves of Hawu people", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00122-00075855-00076036": "depending on their religion.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00123-00076798-00077326": "So we have these gestures that are oriented towards the floor as if he's looking down on", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00124-00077326-00077882": "these graves and tracing them and pointing to them. but they're not captured in the video", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00125-00077882-00078485": "right. And so this is the moment where we realized, oh this is a common gesture that", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00126-00078485-00078885": "we're seeing occur in our videos. We need to make sure that we're orienting the camera", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00127-00078885-00079250": "so that we're capturing those.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00128-00079250-00080063": "Okay, another example is how the topic might change what kinds of gestures are being", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00129-00080063-00080688": "used and where they're being used. So in this video Naomi and Leo are giving directions,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00130-00080688-00081291": "and we set up the recording so that it was able to get all three of us talking. So", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00131-00081291-00081762": "you can't ideally see Leo and I but you can see enough of us that we can also see", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00132-00081762-00082300": "each other as we're having the conversation. We didn't take into account the fact that", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00133-00082300-00082844": "because we're collecting directions, the gestures might not be oriented towards the", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00134-00082844-00083499": "camera. In fact, most places that they were talking about were actually", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00135-00083499-00083983": "behind them, and so I'll let you watch Leo give directions to a location.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00136-00084976-00085499": "So he's giving directions to something that's actually away from the camera, and in Hawu", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00137-00085499-00085860": "sometimes people point in the direction of the thing that they're locating rather than", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00138-00085860-00086220": "keeping the directions in front of them. And this was something that was not taken into", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00139-00086220-00086707": "account when we first made the video And so you can see when he's gesturing, actually", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00140-00086707-00087066": "most of his gestures are concealed by his body, and his body has kind of shifted away,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00141-00087066-00087724": "because most of the places we're talking about are actually located away from the camera.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00142-00087724-00088325": "Our final example is listener interaction. As language documenters, we are often thinking", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00143-00088325-00088768": "of the language. That's really important because we're interested in language, but the listeners", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00144-00088768-00089462": "can give just as much information about the speech event without using language.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00145-00089462-00090005": "So this is given by body language or gestures. So here's an example where a woman is- She's", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00146-00090005-00090397": "a weaver and she's describing the different parts of the weaving. They all have different", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00147-00090397-00090880": "names, the different designs, and she's pointing them out on a weaving. She's on the left talking,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00148-00090880-00091330": "and Leo is on the right listening. And you can watch his gestures as she speaks", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00149-00092469-00093131": "Okay, you can see that as she's pointing, his hands are somewhat following her, right.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00150-00093131-00093643": "As a way almost to say, hey I'm listening, hey I'm understanding, yeah i did see that,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00151-00093643-00094205": "etc. So even though he's not speaking until the very end of the video, his gestures are", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00152-00094205-00094748": "indicating engagement. Okay and so it's also important to consider that maybe we need to", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00153-00094748-00095057": "get the listener.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00154-00095057-00095617": "Okay, so those are some examples, largely where as we were doing the documentation process", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00155-00095617-00096298": "we realized, oh this is an important thing to document. So stepping back from what", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00156-00096298-00096841": "we just talked about, we want to offer some suggestions for documenting gesture. So first", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00157-00096841-00097518": "and foremost, most importantly, always use video. At least you're getting some gesture. When", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00158-00097518-00097900": "setting up the video, it's important to get the full range of motion, and the best way", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00159-00097900-00098419": "to do that is to set the camera farther back. You may not be getting minor details, but", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00160-00098419-00098902": "you're getting the environment. You're being more objective by just collecting the speech", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00161-00098902-00099406": "event as it's happening. Also, when possible, make sure you're getting both the speaker", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00162-00099406-00099891": "and the listener. You never know when the listener will talk, but the listener is also contributing", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00163-00099891-00100656": "to the speech event. Even when they're not talking, they're doing so via gesture often.", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00164-00100656-00101030": "Now with that in mind, we want to make sure that we're adjusting the video camera or the", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00165-00101030-00101581": "speaker based on the topic that they're talking about, their sitting position, their standing", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00166-00101581-00102464": "position, etc. And so as we're documenting, we should consider all of those things to maximize", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00167-00102464-00102883": "the amount of gesture that we're able to document. Now some possible techniques that we're suggesting", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00168-00102883-00103518": "here include if possible, use two video cameras. In that way you can get one in front", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00169-00103518-00103928": "of the body, and you can get one in the direction that gestures are happening. Maybe one in front", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00170-00103928-00104506": "and one behind, or one on front and one to the side. It's also possible that you could", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00171-00104506-00104975": "get one- You can have one video camera focused on the speaker while the other is angled downwards", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00172-00104975-00105632": "collecting floor drawings, or whatever kinds of gestures might be oriented towards", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00173-00105632-00106275": "the ground. It's also possible to get have one camera on the speaker, one on the environment,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00174-00106275-00106988": "etc. Now obviously in all of our examples we only have one video camera simply because", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00175-00106988-00107501": "we only had one video camera to use, and in those instances you can be informed on how", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00176-00107501-00108077": "you set up the documentation event. So it might make sense to choose an angle that", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00177-00108077-00108663": "will maximize the amount of information possible. So if you realize that the speaker", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00178-00108663-00109129": "is sitting cross-legged on the floor, angle the video camera downward more because they're", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00179-00109129-00109814": "likely to use the floor, at least in our case. In Hawu that's what we would do. Or alternatively,", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00180-00109814-00110338": "it might be important to make sure you're orienting the recording session so that the", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00181-00110338-00110810": "speakers are going to be gesturing towards the camera and not away from the camera. So", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00182-00110810-00111236": "in that example where we showed you where we were  collecting directions, it would", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00183-00111236-00111608": "have actually made more sense if the video camera had been on the other side, because", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00184-00111608-00112305": "that was the way that the speakers were gesturing the most. We also suggest that it might", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00185-00112305-00112750": "be useful to record the environment before or after the conversations. If someone references", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00186-00112750-00113225": "a house like in the example earlier in the presentation. We have", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00187-00113225-00113782": "reference to that house. Okay so these are just some suggestions. If you", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00188-00113782-00114221": "have any others that you've thought about as you've done your own documentation or listened", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00189-00114221-00114844": "to this presentation, we'll be very excited to talk about them in the Q&A session. So until", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00190-00114844-00115306": "then, thank you very much thanks for listening, and we look forward to talking with all of", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00191-00115306-00115957": "you soon. Finally, here are some resources on gesture if you're interested in learning", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00192-00115957-00116627": "more. For language documentation purposes, I particularly recommend Mandana Seyfeddinipur's", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00193-00116627-00116995": "'Reasons for documenting gestures and suggestions for how to go about it'. She gives a lot of", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00194-00116995-00117466": "detailed information. Okay, so thank you very much. thank you for listening and we look forward", "kzGWtfCiuK0-00195-00117466-00117568": "to talking to you all soon"}}, {"audio_id": "kzQaz5TSzKI", "text": {"kzQaz5TSzKI-00000-00013128-00013251": "Rawwrrr!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00001-00015804-00015880": "Look at that...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00002-00015910-00016051": "struck down by the gods.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00003-00023662-00023812": "Come ON, you two...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00004-00023838-00024025": "the silence is getting unnerving.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00005-00024055-00024175": "Don't worry about it.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00006-00024175-00024292": "We're focusing.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00007-00030889-00031002": "Nearly there now!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00008-00031029-00031119": "Finally...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00009-00031760-00031816": "Boy,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00010-00031845-00031930": "the rune.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00011-00033668-00033758": "Carve along that.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00012-00038189-00038243": "Wow.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00013-00038370-00038443": "Jötunheim.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00014-00038640-00038717": "We made it.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00015-00039351-00039504": "Beautiful, isn't it?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00016-00039534-00039661": "Why, I remember once—", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00017-00039708-00039788": "Brother! Look ou—", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00018-00040068-00040171": "Miss me?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00019-00040962-00041056": "Run, boy!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00020-00041079-00041176": "Cross the bridge!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00021-00041276-00041332": "No!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00022-00041366-00041459": "I'm a god too!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00023-00041483-00041573": "I can do this!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00024-00041609-00041693": "Get off him!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00025-00041710-00041773": "Really?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00026-00042624-00042721": "Baldur, let 'em go.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00027-00042737-00042961": "- Take me instead, I'll do whatever you— - Shut up.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00028-00043041-00043308": "All this time, I thought I needed you!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00029-00043451-00043555": "But, you're just meat!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00030-00043722-00043802": "Turns out,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00031-00043822-00043995": "the boy is the brains!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00032-00044349-00044592": "RAAAAAA!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00033-00045530-00045607": "NO!!!!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00034-00045630-00045730": "You broke the gate!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00035-00045760-00045917": "That was our only way to Jötunheim!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00036-00045960-00046054": "Oh,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00037-00046117-00046474": "you stupid son of a bitch!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00038-00046831-00046945": "Get out of here, boy!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00039-00047075-00047772": "Yes... by all means, junior, run away, Let daddy do all the heavy lifting for you.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00040-00048066-00048159": "Let GO!!!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00041-00048163-00048273": "Calm DOWN, boy!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00042-00048296-00048406": "You are NOT ready for this.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00043-00048410-00048536": "I AM ready!!!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00044-00048737-00048807": "Boy...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00045-00048850-00048910": "I...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00046-00048910-00049007": "Thunder—! (þruma!)—!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00047-00049554-00049861": "And here I thought my family was fucked up...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00048-00050362-00050765": "Aww... your father is right boy, you are far from ready.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00049-00050765-00051086": "Now, would you be so kind as to hold this for me?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00050-00051232-00051326": "Thank you.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00051-00051633-00051726": "ATREUS!!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00052-00053361-00053591": "Don't you know when to give up!!!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00053-00054679-00054753": "STAY...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00054-00054776-00054869": "AWAY...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00055-00054899-00054979": "FROM...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00056-00054979-00055070": "MY...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00057-00055070-00055146": "SON!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00058-00057679-00057776": "Weak!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00059-00057866-00058103": "YOU WON'T STOP ME!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00060-00058383-00058583": "I WILL break you!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00061-00058837-00058903": "WHY,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00062-00058920-00059154": "WON'T YOU DIE!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00063-00067639-00067812": "Who's activated the bridge?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00064-00067839-00068066": "Hey! I asked you a question—", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00065-00068576-00068683": "Too late,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00066-00068710-00068887": "it's locked in.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00067-00069094-00069624": "And when the bridge opensو the full weight of Asgard will come crashing down on you.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00068-00069904-00070028": "It's over.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00069-00070068-00070131": "Is it?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00070-00070945-00071056": "So be it.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00071-00071810-00071900": "BALDUR!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00072-00071900-00071950": "NO!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00073-00072010-00072093": "Listen to me!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00074-00072157-00072267": "Let me help!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00075-00072267-00072607": "Let go of it now or I will kill him, You know I will.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00076-00073194-00073421": "What did you do...?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00077-00073651-00073768": "BOY!!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00078-00076664-00076721": "BOY?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00079-00076785-00076868": "I'm here...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00080-00076901-00076988": "Stay still.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00081-00077809-00078036": "You will LISTEN to me and not speak a word.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00082-00078096-00078206": "I am your father—", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00083-00078219-00078420": "and you, boy, are not yourself.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00084-00078483-00078610": "You are too quick to temper.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00085-00078633-00078717": "You are rash,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00086-00078723-00078807": "Insubordinate,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00087-00078810-00078933": "and out of control.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00088-00079000-00079157": "This will not stand.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00089-00079250-00079394": "You will honor your mother,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00090-00079394-00079614": "and abandon this path you have chosen.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00091-00079784-00079911": "It is not too late...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00092-00080265-00080448": "This discussion is far from over.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00093-00080532-00080735": "We are here because of you, boy.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00094-00080909-00081015": "Never forget that.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00095-00084489-00084629": "I can't believe we're back in Hel.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00096-00084649-00084763": "Not just Hel...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00097-00084799-00084999": "worst place in Hel you could've put us.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00098-00085263-00085350": "I see a ship.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00099-00085376-00085447": "Get us there.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00100-00085493-00085727": "It only takes us halfway to Týr's Temple", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00101-00085740-00085947": "but at least it gets us far from here.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00102-00086114-00086478": "For a thousand mortal lifetimes, the Bridge Keeper kept the living out of this place.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00103-00086511-00086728": "But now that you've ripped his heart out, here we are.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00104-00086781-00086938": "Funny how it all comes around.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00105-00087455-00087642": "He should pay for what he said about mother.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00106-00087739-00087796": "Boy?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00107-00087902-00088133": "That... wasn't me.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00108-00095633-00095707": "It was me...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00109-00095934-00096047": "But we're gods.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00110-00096201-00096553": "We can do whatever we want", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00111-00096556-00096673": "Turn away, boy.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00112-00096678-00096868": "Hehehehe...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00113-00097001-00097188": "that's what I said... to your mother...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00114-00097258-00097439": "right before I gave it to her.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00115-00097742-00097786": "That...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00116-00097846-00097959": "wasn't me.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00117-00098052-00098143": "I couldn't have done that.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00118-00098176-00098336": "Do not dwell on those thoughts.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00119-00098386-00098473": "Not here.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00120-00098563-00098626": "Yeah.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00121-00098700-00098817": "We must keep moving.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00122-00098937-00099007": "Yeah.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00123-00101469-00101519": "Head.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00124-00101563-00101636": "What was that?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00125-00101669-00101903": "Not just the old and sick come to Helheim...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00126-00101926-00102043": "so do the criminals.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00127-00102103-00102520": "Hel must not draw a distinction between us and those whom these visions are meant to torture.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00128-00102577-00102667": "How do we stop it?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00129-00102709-00102817": "Escape Hel.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00130-00102860-00102977": "As soon as possible.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00131-00103051-00103171": "I'm not gonna let it bother me.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00132-00103251-00103348": "Like you said, Mimir—", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00133-00103401-00103515": "it was just an illusion.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00134-00103551-00103641": "That wasn't me.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00135-00103668-00103742": "No.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00136-00103815-00104032": "But it is who you have become of late.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00137-00104084-00104142": "Look,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00138-00104172-00104289": "I know I got us into this.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00139-00104349-00104442": "But I'll get us out", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00140-00104508-00104585": "...whoever I am.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00141-00104616-00104763": "I will get us out.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00142-00104776-00104913": "You will follow orders.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00143-00104935-00105076": "But maybe that's not who I am.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00144-00105120-00105253": "It had better be.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00145-00105320-00105457": "Now let me focus.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00146-00106758-00106865": "I don't mean to hurry you, but...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00147-00106910-00106978": "faster?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00148-00107010-00107105": "Let me think.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00149-00120522-00120602": "Thunder! (þruma!)", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00150-00121863-00121896": "Wait,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00151-00121953-00122083": "I think I see Baldur up ahead...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00152-00123004-00123128": "(No...no,)", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00153-00123201-00123465": "- (I would never have wanted this!) - Stay out of sight.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00154-00123465-00123521": "Listen...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00155-00123575-00123758": "You... you had no right.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00156-00123758-00124032": "I had every right, I am your mother.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00157-00124038-00124205": "You had no RIGHT, Witch!!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00158-00124329-00124442": "I can't taste,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00159-00124479-00124561": "I can't smell,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00160-00124569-00124726": "I can't even feel the temperature of this...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00161-00124746-00124839": "this room.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00162-00124939-00125029": "Feasting...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00163-00125035-00125116": "drinking...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00164-00125116-00125200": "women,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00165-00125233-00125326": "it's all gone.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00166-00125326-00125727": "- But you will never have to feel pain again. - Gone!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00167-00125743-00126057": "Death has no power over you now.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00168-00126057-00126186": "You would rather die?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00169-00126186-00126347": "Than never feel again?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00170-00126347-00126410": "Yes.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00171-00126491-00126601": "YES!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00172-00126691-00126821": "I would rather die.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00173-00126841-00126908": "Yes.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00174-00126951-00127111": "- Take it away, mother. - I can't.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00175-00127111-00127228": "Please...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00176-00127245-00127479": "please, please, take it away.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00177-00127479-00127819": "- It doesn't work like that, Son. - Oh please...(crying)", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00178-00127892-00128061": "Trust me in time,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00179-00128139-00128263": "you will thank me.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00180-00128503-00128640": "- You will thank me. - Come on.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00181-00129330-00129400": "No...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00182-00129524-00129586": "Yes.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00183-00129624-00129710": "I won't...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00184-00129858-00129928": "Come on,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00185-00130108-00130215": "come on.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00186-00130245-00130365": "You ruined my life.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00187-00130381-00130849": "Honey, we can figure this out, I promise, trust me, I know how—", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00188-00131252-00131546": "No, not if you can't fix it, Mother.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00189-00131890-00131976": "Come on.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00190-00132020-00132137": "- Do it, DO IT! - Son—", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00191-00132207-00132320": "Do it.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00192-00132427-00132534": "COME ON!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00193-00132544-00132637": "Son—", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00194-00133992-00134082": "Coward!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00195-00134996-00135210": "I never want to see you again.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00196-00135527-00135613": "Never.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00197-00135970-00136084": "(crying)", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00198-00137252-00137455": "What you did to me...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00199-00137652-00137846": "WHAT YOU DID TO ME!!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00200-00137926-00138146": "(screams and yells)", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00201-00139364-00139637": "(crying)", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00202-00139637-00140034": "I'm a coward... I'm a... I'm a coward, I'm a worth... worthless coward", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00203-00140034-00140088": "(continued crying)", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00204-00140094-00140231": "Freya is his mother.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00205-00140281-00140442": "Why did you keep this from us, Head?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00206-00140485-00140652": "Would you believe it slipped my mind?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00207-00140728-00140809": "I would not.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00208-00140910-00140987": "I'm at a loss.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00209-00141029-00141292": "I assure you I've no reason to keep such a thing a secret.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00210-00141356-00141453": "There's the boat.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00211-00141509-00141653": "We will speak more of this.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00212-00141716-00141803": "Soon.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00213-00152390-00152550": "Such chaos.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00214-00152584-00152914": "I will have much to do after I kill you.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00215-00153031-00153101": "Who was that?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00216-00153138-00153224": "We must hurry.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00217-00170134-00170188": "Er...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00218-00170225-00170495": "not entirely sure this is seaworthy.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00219-00170528-00170615": "She will do.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00220-00171095-00171159": "Now what?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00221-00171192-00171319": "Give me space to work.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00222-00172063-00172130": "Let me help.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00223-00172207-00172280": "What can I do?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00224-00172320-00172440": "You have done enough.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00225-00172844-00172967": "The sails are intact!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00226-00173515-00173601": "We're moving!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00227-00173628-00173665": "Great,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00228-00173698-00174015": "just bear in mind—this boat can only take us part of the way.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00229-00174048-00174349": "Týr's Temple is near the top of a tremendous waterfall which,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00230-00174369-00174435": "sadly,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00231-00174452-00174566": "we are downstream.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00232-00174612-00174799": "That means even if we get there intact,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00233-00174833-00175096": "we'd still need to sail UP a waterfall somehow.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00234-00175103-00175450": "The Vanir built the greatest ship that ever was and it can fly.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00235-00175497-00175587": "Skíðblaðnir?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00236-00175627-00175677": "Yeah...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00237-00175707-00175927": "because it was designed to fly.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00238-00175944-00176060": "This was not.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00239-00176110-00176197": "Nevertheless,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00240-00176217-00176354": "this is the boat we have.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00241-00176387-00176504": "We make due.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00242-00177178-00177245": "Owp!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00243-00177255-00177328": "We're stuck.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00244-00177412-00177685": "On perhaps the biggest Iceberg I've ever seen.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00245-00177745-00177896": "At least the fire's making heat.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00246-00177919-00177986": "What now?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00247-00178933-00179040": "You're chopping It...?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00248-00179060-00179187": "Give your father room.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00249-00179547-00179687": "So now the sails are loose...?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00250-00179791-00179898": "Just watch.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00251-00181192-00181306": "You're pulling the sails down?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00252-00181372-00181503": "But how they gonna catch the wind?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00253-00182383-00182473": "We're floating!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00254-00182500-00182614": "The heat from the fires!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00255-00182654-00182777": "We're actually floating!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00256-00183725-00183902": "Aaaaand we're stuck again.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00257-00183912-00184002": "Not for long.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00258-00184025-00184128": "Stay with the boat.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00259-00184175-00184259": "I can't believe it.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00260-00184299-00184435": "You just made a huge sky lantern.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00261-00185590-00185667": "That did It.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00262-00185687-00185757": "We're loose!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00263-00185800-00185924": "Wait for me there!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00264-00186488-00186558": "Thunder! (þruma!)", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00265-00188107-00188181": "Thunder! (þruma!)", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00266-00188473-00188593": "We need to talk, brother.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00267-00188670-00188903": "You do realize it's over, don't you?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00268-00188957-00189460": "Even if we make it back to Midgard, you and Baldur destroyed the only gate to Jötunheim.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00269-00189484-00189661": "We are out of options.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00270-00189701-00189821": "And that boy up there...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00271-00189894-00190044": "he's in nine kinds of pain.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00272-00190088-00190471": "- His head's turned so far around, he— - Atreus is not your concern.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00273-00190512-00190562": "Well,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00274-00190595-00190869": "he might become everyone's concern if you don't do something.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00275-00190925-00191192": "You don't have to be the smartest man in the world to see that.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00276-00207005-00207081": "Atreus.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00277-00207255-00207328": "I can help?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00278-00207398-00207467": "Together now.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00279-00209030-00209107": "We did it.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00280-00209146-00209230": "We're free.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00281-00209596-00209767": "We are going to get out of here.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00282-00209851-00209988": "Face me, father.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00283-00210051-00210244": "It is time to end this.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00284-00210294-00210425": "Yes, my son.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00285-00210465-00210588": "It is time.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00286-00210725-00210815": "No...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00287-00210855-00210959": "It's that voice again.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00288-00211039-00211135": "Do you know who that is?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00289-00211206-00211286": "I...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00290-00211319-00211439": "do not know.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00291-00212260-00212342": "Iceberg!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00292-00212350-00212430": "Portside!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00293-00212467-00212544": "Hold on!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00294-00213775-00213882": "Grab that one, Father!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00295-00215476-00215550": "Got 'em!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00296-00216054-00216173": "Get away from him!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00297-00217225-00217375": "They're trying to put out the fire!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00298-00217385-00217498": "Right-hand side!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00299-00217519-00217655": "I mean—starboard!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00300-00218630-00218710": "Aahh!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00301-00219731-00219801": "Right flank!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00302-00221282-00221398": "Something stopped us!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00303-00221406-00221479": "Portside!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00304-00221523-00221603": "Harpoon!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00305-00221619-00221729": "I will free us!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00306-00221746-00221839": "Watch out!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00307-00224144-00224221": "Right flank!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00308-00224229-00224329": "Watch your back!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00309-00226781-00226875": "We're free!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00310-00227889-00228119": "Head, how long before we reach the temple?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00311-00228156-00228198": "Yeah,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00312-00228239-00228298": "it's freezing!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00313-00228336-00228780": "As long as we maintain this speed and those fires don't go out, we should be there in no time, lad.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00314-00229564-00229631": "Thunder! (þruma!)", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00315-00230621-00230742": "They're putting out the fire!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00316-00230752-00230838": "Starboard!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00317-00231015-00231102": "I'm not ready.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00318-00231432-00231512": "The fire's out!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00319-00231556-00231619": "Starboard!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00320-00231950-00232080": "Behind you, watch out!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00321-00232750-00232834": "The fire's out!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00322-00232871-00232941": "Starboard!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00323-00234852-00234973": "Watch out Father!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00324-00235516-00235603": "Another one down!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00325-00237812-00237898": "The fire's out!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00326-00237946-00238012": "Starboard!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00327-00238656-00238796": "Behind you, look out!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00328-00239214-00239284": "Left side!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00329-00239487-00239614": "We're going to hit that bridge!!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00330-00240828-00240925": "I'll bring him down!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00331-00242991-00243123": "Father! Now's your chance!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00332-00243177-00243258": "The fire's out!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00333-00243284-00243367": "Portside!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00334-00244335-00244415": "Watch 'em!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00335-00248147-00248214": "Crow Team! (Kráku lið!)", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00336-00249777-00249898": "Watch out Father!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00337-00251634-00251704": "Careful!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00338-00252487-00252564": "Not yet.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00339-00253338-00253481": "Ice attack, incoming!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00340-00253952-00254082": "Yeah, take that!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00341-00257382-00257465": "We're free!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00342-00258769-00258830": "Mimir?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00343-00258873-00259010": "How's the fire staying lit?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00344-00259027-00259190": "Would you believe \"magic”?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00345-00259234-00259340": "Or those blades...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00346-00261966-00262083": "Look out Father!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00347-00264933-00265066": "They're dousing the fire!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00348-00265089-00265156": "Starboard!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00349-00266311-00266397": "The fire's out!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00350-00266414-00266487": "Portside!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00351-00267839-00268016": "Hurry—before they get back up!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00352-00268106-00268192": "Crow Team! (Kráku lið!)", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00353-00269057-00269157": "And stay dead!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00354-00269394-00269490": "We're almost back!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00355-00269490-00269547": "Look!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00356-00269557-00269641": "Straight ahead.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00357-00269664-00269721": "I see it!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00358-00269857-00269944": "We're pitching!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00359-00270118-00270234": "More harpoons!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00360-00270455-00270558": "We're stopped again!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00361-00270605-00270828": "Brother, the bow of the boat's been harpooned!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00362-00271429-00271536": "Watch 'em!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00363-00272520-00272617": "Only three to go!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00364-00274876-00274999": "Behind you, watch out!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00365-00275033-00275083": "Father,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00366-00275119-00275250": "don't step out onto the bow!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00367-00275266-00275390": "It'll break off!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00368-00275413-00275573": "But we need to lose that harpoon!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00369-00275880-00275974": "Enemy down!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00370-00281859-00282030": "It is time, my son.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00371-00282113-00282317": "Look around at what you have done.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00372-00286271-00286411": "Come on, we gotta go.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00373-00286437-00286571": "You saw...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00374-00286604-00286741": "There's no time! LOOK!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00375-00288273-00288376": "I have a plan!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00376-00288556-00288620": "JUMP!!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00377-00290652-00290778": "That was your plan?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00378-00290818-00290975": "You're both cracked!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00379-00291209-00291346": "We are leaving this realm.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00380-00291376-00291429": "NOW.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00381-00291469-00291633": "As long as we didn't wreck our way back...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00382-00293681-00293798": "What Is this place?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00383-00293851-00293965": "This Is Odin's.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00384-00294002-00294265": "I'd recognize his atrocious taste anywhere.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00385-00294719-00294792": "Look at that!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00386-00294836-00294993": "It's the missing panel, about Týr.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00387-00295233-00295343": "Odin must have stolen it.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00388-00295403-00295476": "But why?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00389-00295566-00295770": "He always has his reasons.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00390-00295830-00295923": "Might I have a look?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00391-00296260-00296334": "Well...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00392-00296337-00296541": "this is most unexpected.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00393-00296614-00296658": "Why?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00394-00296708-00296774": "What does It mean?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00395-00296811-00296911": "I haven't the foggiest.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00396-00296958-00297075": "Isn't that unexpected?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00397-00297098-00297155": "Head...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00398-00297165-00297208": "Look,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00399-00297211-00297368": "clearly that's Týr...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00400-00297428-00297525": "travelling, somehow,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00401-00297568-00297662": "perhaps magically.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00402-00297759-00298172": "But what's that to do with the Giants, that they should devote a shrine to it?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00403-00298229-00298479": "I'm afraid that Is none too clear.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00404-00298583-00298720": "What are those runes in the corners?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00405-00298786-00298896": "Not runes.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00406-00298923-00299117": "Symbols... from different lands.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00407-00299163-00299240": "They mean—", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00408-00299280-00299414": "- War. - Aye.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00409-00299474-00299557": "How do you...?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00410-00299667-00299831": "This one I know too well.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00411-00300148-00300211": "Oh.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00412-00300688-00300768": "His eyes.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00413-00300852-00300962": "They are jewels.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00414-00301055-00301142": "Like yours.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00415-00301165-00301392": "No doubt signifying the gift of sight,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00416-00301406-00301546": "the Giants granted us...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00417-00301596-00301713": "Give me a closer look.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00418-00302056-00302163": "Interesting...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00419-00302897-00303164": "Very interesting.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00420-00303231-00303311": "What is that!?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00421-00303338-00303484": "Secret plans.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00422-00303484-00303741": "concealed by Týr so none could access but him...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00423-00303795-00304038": "and those few others the Giants trusted.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00424-00304105-00304372": "And right under Odin's nose—ha-ha!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00425-00304389-00304619": "I did promise I'd get you to Jötunheim...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00426-00304646-00304762": "What do you mean, Head?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00427-00304822-00304993": "You said we were out of options.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00428-00305053-00305173": "Don't you see, brother?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00429-00305216-00305470": "Odin never gave up hope, and neither should we.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00430-00305520-00305823": "He knew there was a clue in here, but we're the ones who found it.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00431-00305853-00306194": "These plans are for a key to some chamber Týr's kept hidden.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00432-00306227-00306427": "I don't know where it's leading us or what we'll find...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00433-00306444-00306581": "but it's a path.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00434-00306888-00307041": "How do we make this key?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00435-00307115-00307268": "I suggest we ask a Dwarf.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00436-00307822-00307972": "That symbol on the temple door...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00437-00308022-00308152": "it's a bunch of runes together.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00438-00308232-00308286": "Peace,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00439-00308329-00308393": "Unity,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00440-00308446-00308493": "Hope,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00441-00308556-00308660": "other things too.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00442-00308690-00308806": "Týr's own design.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00443-00308826-00308980": "He made this door himself.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00444-00312417-00312473": "Boy...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00445-00312684-00312764": "Before...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00446-00312870-00312944": "what you...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00447-00313067-00313131": "saw...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00448-00313368-00313478": "I didn't see anything.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00449-00313688-00313845": "You did not see me with someone?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00450-00313952-00314045": "An old man?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00451-00314232-00314309": "What old man?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00452-00314759-00314839": "Can we go?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00453-00314959-00315019": "Yes...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00454-00315223-00315296": "very well.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00455-00315997-00316327": "Alright, let's get back to Midgard and see about making that key.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00456-00316351-00316451": "Where's that Dwarf?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00457-00320284-00320381": "Now, head—", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00458-00320441-00320702": "why did you not tell us Baldur is the son of Freya?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00459-00320742-00320855": "He IS!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00460-00320895-00321079": "It's shocking every time I hear,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00461-00321092-00321242": "it and yet obviously I know it.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00462-00321292-00321659": "But when I think about Baldur and Freya, I...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00463-00321806-00321859": "Mimir?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00464-00321906-00321976": "Yes, lad?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00465-00322016-00322103": "(chuckle)", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00466-00322173-00322240": "Freya.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00467-00322266-00322357": "How's that, brother?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00468-00322410-00322480": "Head,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00469-00322543-00322720": "tell me Baldur's vulnerability.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00470-00322770-00323044": "Baldur is blessed with invulnerability to all threats,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00471-00323064-00323201": "physical or magical.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00472-00323207-00323251": "Wait,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00473-00323264-00323361": "what Is happening?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00474-00323401-00323648": "He is bewitched not to speak of what he knows.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00475-00323695-00323751": "I am?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00476-00323778-00323865": "I AM!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00477-00323908-00324045": "Ooh... that's it precisely.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00478-00324045-00324238": "I wonder how long that's been so—", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00479-00324282-00324459": "since she had my head at her mercy,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00480-00324512-00324726": "or back when I figured out Baldur's weakness.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00481-00324772-00324842": "Mimir!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00482-00324889-00324973": "Yes, lad?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00483-00325009-00325183": "You just said you figured out Baldur's weakness!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00484-00325243-00325293": "Did I?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00485-00325353-00325643": "But Baldur is blessed with invulnerability to all threats,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00486-00325660-00325857": "- physical or magical. - AUGH!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00487-00325870-00325930": "Enough.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00488-00326007-00326157": "This means there is a way.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00489-00326207-00326344": "If he troubles us again,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00490-00326417-00326551": "we will find It.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00491-00327115-00327195": "Can you make It?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00492-00327462-00327578": "Is it a weapon?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00493-00327665-00327749": "Armor?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00494-00327779-00328226": "Or likewise an instrument of war of which I'm a master at shaping?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00495-00328276-00328336": "No?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00496-00328373-00328469": "Then forget it.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00497-00328533-00328856": "Even if I wanted to make such an Insignificant gewgaw,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00498-00328866-00329127": "I'm liable to chink my tools working something so...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00499-00329153-00329427": "- delicate and ladylike. - Then shingle it.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00500-00329544-00329804": "Pattern weld the item with skap slag, keep the layers thin,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00501-00329817-00329937": "alternate the overlay.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00502-00330018-00330161": "Okay, smart guy.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00503-00330201-00330561": "And where do you propose to find a lump of quality skap slag?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00504-00330598-00330745": "Last time I saw one,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00505-00330748-00330965": "I could still get rigid down south.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00506-00331212-00331419": "Shut your mouth, is that...?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00507-00331616-00331736": "Where did you...?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00508-00331809-00331959": "I had to get my hands dirty.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00509-00331973-00332160": "(gags)", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00510-00332273-00332460": "(laughter)", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00511-00332460-00332640": "Well, don't just stand there—", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00512-00332657-00332804": "- let's do this! - What?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00513-00332854-00332920": "You?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00514-00332937-00333151": "You're fine with working on something that's not a weapon?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00515-00333264-00333478": "Ah hell... why not?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00516-00333631-00333691": "What?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00517-00333778-00333921": "I can grow too...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00518-00334145-00334185": "Oh,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00519-00334218-00334329": "watch the spine.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00520-00334369-00334469": "Keep your wrist loose.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00521-00334489-00334689": "YOU keep your wrist loose.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00522-00334716-00334932": "- I need more heat here! - Coming up.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00523-00334993-00335169": "You going to temper that steel longer?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00524-00335169-00335276": "I don't need to—", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00525-00335299-00335613": "I triple-quenched it with Draugr oil, See?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00526-00335616-00335867": "Oh, how inventive, and sanitary!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00527-00336000-00336147": "You clever little beaver!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00528-00336264-00336411": "Never too late to learn a new trick,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00529-00336444-00336494": "is it?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00530-00336621-00336744": "No, its not!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00531-00337055-00337131": "Here it is!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00532-00337151-00337198": "Nope!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00533-00337221-00337365": "Don't forget this!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00534-00338950-00339137": "Oh, quit yer grinning.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00535-00339143-00339307": "It's downright unsettling hrmm.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00536-00339404-00339550": "It's just nice to see you together.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00537-00339694-00339737": "But...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00538-00339781-00339978": "now the rune on your brand looks different.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00539-00339988-00340345": "Yeah, price of uh.. reforging something what broke.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00540-00340375-00340488": "I knew it.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00541-00340501-00340611": "You two love each other.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00542-00340642-00340945": "Oh, cut It out, princess, You're gonna get me all weepy.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00543-00341089-00341212": "I like the new one better,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00544-00341366-00341432": "don't you?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00545-00341566-00341699": "We have work to do.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00546-00342694-00342824": "Ohhhh...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00547-00343414-00343638": "My brother and me got a new project—", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00548-00343668-00343858": "now that we're on speaking terms.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00549-00344228-00344322": "What do you want?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00550-00344362-00344595": "With the whetstone and hammer you've retrieved for us,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00551-00344646-00344879": "Brok and I can construct the Dvegræðikr;", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00552-00344909-00345069": "Dwarven armor of legend!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00553-00345096-00345516": "We just needs three more mythical ingredients 'fore we set to hammering.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00554-00345566-00345717": "- Which are... - Dunno!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00555-00345747-00345927": "Armor's pure legend,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00556-00345950-00346254": "and the details is fuzzier than a Wulver's butthole.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00557-00346280-00346564": "You expect us to find parts from a legend.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00558-00346597-00346878": "Old Motsògnir, The Dwarf King found two of 'em!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00559-00346904-00347041": "Everyone knows that.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00560-00347075-00347281": "But when he went looking for the third...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00561-00347288-00347348": "Poof!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00562-00347362-00347475": "He vanished.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00563-00347532-00347839": "Maybe you'll find some clues at his stronghold in Konùnsgard?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00564-00347849-00347999": "And lookee here!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00565-00348016-00348276": "A Konùnsgard entry stone.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00566-00348302-00348473": "It's got your name on It,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00567-00348489-00348663": "how fucking strange.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00568-00349300-00349731": "The Stronghold's northwest of here, behind the Svartalfheim realm tower.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00569-00349764-00350018": "Large stone structure, creepy atmosphere...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00570-00350064-00350194": "you'll know it when you see it.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00571-00350395-00350505": "The Huldra Brothers,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00572-00350505-00350625": "back in action again!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00573-00350655-00350832": "Oh, I can't wait to get started.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00574-00350878-00351259": "Never think I'd see such a day we was back to building as a duo.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00575-00351309-00351442": "But it feels right,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00576-00351476-00351612": "'specially for this.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00577-00351663-00351899": "...been so used to building on my own all these years.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00578-00351899-00352250": "Almost forgot how dang useful an extra pair of hands is.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00579-00352313-00352757": "I forgot how much easier it is to smelt skap slag with someone else gauging the temperature!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00580-00352890-00353061": "This'll be our best work yet.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00581-00353094-00353291": "Just need a little help from you lot.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00582-00353484-00353624": "Something else we can do for you?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00583-00353648-00353731": "Nah, just...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00584-00353785-00353971": "- glad you guys worked it out. - Ah,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00585-00354042-00354095": "Well...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00586-00354168-00354292": "I could say the same to you.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00587-00354312-00354369": "Ha!", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00588-00354429-00354619": "I guess I was getting a bit full of myself.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00589-00354649-00354946": "Told him what he needed to hear, how's it sounds to me.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00590-00354999-00355076": "Just the same...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00591-00355213-00355403": "I'm sorry for how I spoke to you, Sindri.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00592-00355513-00355600": "You forgive me?", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00593-00355630-00355727": "Already have.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00594-00355797-00355890": "Like you said,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00595-00355913-00356027": "it all worked out.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00596-00356084-00356134": "Now,", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00597-00356204-00356361": "let us get back to work before I get...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00598-00356517-00356601": "sentimental...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00599-00357001-00357131": "Now you're talking...", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00600-00362300-00362530": "Them blades is gonna sing now.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00601-00364349-00364622": "Good to see you sweating the details.", "kzQaz5TSzKI-00602-00366290-00366527": "Now there's something else...?"}}, {"audio_id": "kzQtGOLinKu", "text": {"kzQtGOLinKu-00000-00000175-00000620": "Best Spaces for Studying at the Library.", "kzQtGOLinKu-00001-00000620-00000948": "You wanna study?", "kzQtGOLinKu-00002-00000948-00001238": "Here’s where you can do that at the Library.", "kzQtGOLinKu-00003-00001238-00001793": "While we will be showing off lots of our recently-renovated study spaces at Webster here, you should know", "kzQtGOLinKu-00004-00001793-00002674": "that Vanier library also has some awesome study spaces, many flooded with natural light.", "kzQtGOLinKu-00005-00002674-00003240": "For solo time, head to one of our study carrels, where you can work and study with a bit more", "kzQtGOLinKu-00006-00003240-00003340": "privacy.", "kzQtGOLinKu-00007-00003340-00003507": "Forgot your laptop?", "kzQtGOLinKu-00008-00003507-00003936": "You can continue working on your research paper at one of the many workstations in our", "kzQtGOLinKu-00009-00003936-00004332": "Reading Rooms, where you can rely on a quiet environment.", "kzQtGOLinKu-00010-00004332-00004818": "For an even more silent experience, head to the Zero-Noise Room.", "kzQtGOLinKu-00011-00004818-00005378": "Also called the Friends of the Library Room, it’s a cozy space to focus on your readings", "kzQtGOLinKu-00012-00005378-00005607": "or enjoy some quietude.", "kzQtGOLinKu-00013-00005607-00005864": "You won’t even hear a keyboard!", "kzQtGOLinKu-00014-00005864-00006442": "For group projects, pull up a high table stool or settle into one of the colourful booths", "kzQtGOLinKu-00015-00006442-00006945": "or at one of the big tables in the collaborative zones, which you’ll conveniently find on", "kzQtGOLinKu-00016-00006945-00007179": "each floor of the library.", "kzQtGOLinKu-00017-00007179-00007706": "For getting those larger projects done, book a Group Study Room or a presentation practice", "kzQtGOLinKu-00018-00007706-00008200": "room, where you’ll be able to record your presentation live!", "kzQtGOLinKu-00019-00008200-00008507": "Feel like taking your studying to the next level?", "kzQtGOLinKu-00020-00008507-00008981": "Visit the Grey Nuns Reading Room (make sure to have your student ID with you) and let", "kzQtGOLinKu-00021-00008981-00009557": "the peace and quiet of the restored chapel transport you into the best study session", "kzQtGOLinKu-00022-00009557-00009881": "yet.", "kzQtGOLinKu-00023-00009881-00010440": "And remember, help is always available at the Ask Us or Reference Desk – no question", "kzQtGOLinKu-00024-00010440-00010550": "is silly!", "kzQtGOLinKu-00025-00010550-00010950": "If you are having trouble finding a place to get your work done, just ask us!"}}, {"audio_id": "k-2n5byr7X8", "text": {"k-2n5byr7X8-00000-00000000-00000432": "ten years ago we started mud jeans with only one goal in", "k-2n5byr7X8-00001-00000432-00000750": "mind to create the first and only circular denim brand in the world", "k-2n5byr7X8-00002-00001224-00001757": "in my lifetime I've seen the textile industry change to this fast Fashion Monster and I wanted", "k-2n5byr7X8-00003-00001757-00002166": "to do something about it we noticed that a growing number of people wants to live a", "k-2n5byr7X8-00004-00002166-00002628": "little bit more sustainably and especially in these times so we decided to make jeans", "k-2n5byr7X8-00005-00002628-00003018": "of organic cotton and pay the people well in the industry but that's not good enough", "k-2n5byr7X8-00006-00003018-00003534": "we also want to have the raw material back to be able to recycle it well good genes is", "k-2n5byr7X8-00007-00003534-00004146": "wonderful but we don't want to compromise on the look and feel and on the fit of course because", "k-2n5byr7X8-00008-00004146-00004914": "everybody has a different body type imagine you take this fabric an old pair of jeans", "k-2n5byr7X8-00009-00004914-00005724": "and you shred it and you shred it into a fiber this fiber is then Blended in with new cotton", "k-2n5byr7X8-00010-00005724-00006702": "but the more of the old fiber you have the weaker it is today we reach 40 all genes that we reuse", "k-2n5byr7X8-00011-00006702-00007344": "in our new teams that's called post-consumer denim our circular production decisions actually", "k-2n5byr7X8-00012-00007344-00008190": "have huge environmental benefits compared to Industry standard we save 93 water 74 CO2 and", "k-2n5byr7X8-00013-00008190-00008832": "51 biodiversity impact so we have this dot on the horizon where we want to reach 100 percent", "k-2n5byr7X8-00014-00008832-00009522": "recycled fibers in our genes we will have no more virgin materials and on top of that the", "k-2n5byr7X8-00015-00009522-00010008": "quality can be guaranteed so there's a lot to be gained still we're very proud to be one of", "k-2n5byr7X8-00016-00010008-00010476": "the highest scoring benefit corporations in Europe B Corps and that implicates that we", "k-2n5byr7X8-00017-00010476-00010890": "have to carefully pick the people we work with so we have a great privilege to be working with", "k-2n5byr7X8-00018-00010890-00011544": "Saxton University they are really the household name for textile Innovation so one of the biggest", "k-2n5byr7X8-00019-00011544-00012000": "hurdles but actually also the one most exciting part of this project is that we're combining", "k-2n5byr7X8-00020-00012000-00012582": "both the mechanical technique of recycling with green chemistry that's going to be the challenge"}}, {"audio_id": "k-95BhElfOY", "text": {"k-95BhElfOY-00000-00001100-00001800": "Who Hacked Qatar's News Sites?", "k-95BhElfOY-00001-00001900-00003000": "The Washington Post reported the UAE was behind the planting of fake news that sparked the diplomatic crisis. The Emirates denies the charge.", "k-95BhElfOY-00002-00003100-00004900": "The foreign minister of the United Arab Emirates denied Monday a report in The Washington Post that said the Emirates was behind the posting of false stories on Qatari news websites that sparked the regional fallout between four Saudi-led Arab countries and Qatar.", "k-95BhElfOY-00003-00005000-00006700": "Anwar Gargash, the Emirates foreign minister, told the BBC the Post report was “untrue. ” In a statement posted on Twitter, Yousef al-Otaiba, the UAE’s ambassador to Washington, also dismissed the Post’s reporting.", "k-95BhElfOY-00004-00006800-00009300": "At issue are Qatari news reports in May that quoted Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani, the country’s emir, as criticizing Saudi Arabia, praising Iran, Saudi Arabia’s main regional rival, describing Qatar’s relations with Israel as “good,” and also lauding Hamas, the Palestinian militant group that controls Gaza.", "k-95BhElfOY-00005-00009400-00011400": "Qatari officials immediately called the remarks fake, adding its news websites were a victim of a “shameful cybercrime.” The trouble, though, as regional experts said at the time, was that the comments attributed to Qatar’s emir have long been viewed as Qatar’s policy.", "k-95BhElfOY-00006-00011500-00012500": "Then in June, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Egypt, and Bahrain severed relations with Qatar, citing its support of terrorism.", "k-95BhElfOY-00007-00012600-00014200": "They expelled Qatari citizens from their countries, recalled their citizens from Qatar, and cut off transportation links with the kingdom, which relies on imports brought in by road from Saudi Arabia and from the UAE’s ports.", "k-95BhElfOY-00008-00014300-00015000": "In response, Qatar turned to Iran and Turkey for supplies and support.", "k-95BhElfOY-00009-00015100-00016700": "The four countries cited Qatar’s alleged support for the Muslim Brotherhood, which is banned in Egypt, elements of al-Qaeda, Hamas, ISIS, and other Islamist extremist groups, as the reasons for their actions.", "k-95BhElfOY-00010-00016800-00018000": "Qatar has denied supporting al-Qaeda and ISIS, and says its relations with Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood are no different from those maintained by other Arab countries.", "k-95BhElfOY-00011-00018100-00020300": "The four countries then set a deadline and sent Qatar a list of 13 demands, including the closure of Al-Jazeera, the Qatari-owned Arabic language broadcaster; the severing of links with Iran; the closure of a Turkish military base in Qatar; and the severing of links with Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood.", "k-95BhElfOY-00012-00020400-00022100": "Qatar rejected the demands. says some of the demands could be met. Saudi Arabia and the others say the offer no longer stands. Kuwait, which has not joined the action against Qatar, is mediating the crisis.", "k-95BhElfOY-00013-00022200-00023900": "Rex Tillerson, the U.S. secretary of state, spent last week shuttling among Arab capitals in an attempt to resolve the dispute, though the U.S. acknowledges that will take time. finds itself caught in the middle among allies.", "k-95BhElfOY-00014-00024000-00025600": "On the one hand, the Saudis are perhaps the closest U.S. ally in the Arab world and seen as a necessary partner to keep Iran and Islamist extremism in check; on the other, Qatar is home to the largest U.S.", "k-95BhElfOY-00015-00025700-00026400": "military base in the region, from where coalition aircraft strike ISIS targets.", "k-95BhElfOY-00016-00026500-00028500": "Amid this back and forth lay the question who placed the false stories on Qatari websites? Last month the Guardian reported that an FBI investigation concluded that Russia had carried out the hack, but the Post’s story, based on statements from unnamed U.S.", "k-95BhElfOY-00017-00028600-00030100": "intelligence officials, said the Emirates were behind the hack. The officials told the Post that senior UAE officials had discussed the hack on May 23. The purported hack occurred one day later.", "k-95BhElfOY-00018-00030200-00031100": "The Post also cited the officials as saying it was unclear whether the Emirates carried out the action itself or had outsourced the task.", "k-95BhElfOY-00019-00031200-00031900": "Either way the impact of the Qatari news accounts has been dramatic in a region not short of drama."}}, {"audio_id": "k-lEVNwMW68", "text": {"k-lEVNwMW68-00000-00000246-00000639": "\"0:00-4:33 Another very important sector of society that is currently being digitalized", "k-lEVNwMW68-00001-00000639-00001269": "that refers to e-government, that’s the digitalization of public administrative processes,", "k-lEVNwMW68-00002-00001269-00001902": "and this happens at the national level, for example national government’s USA.gov, but", "k-lEVNwMW68-00003-00001902-00002566": "also at different authorities for example at the DMV, and the department of motor vehicles", "k-lEVNwMW68-00004-00002566-00002871": "or also at local municipalities.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00005-00002871-00003488": "World wide you can see that in half of the countries world wide you can already go online", "k-lEVNwMW68-00006-00003488-00004161": "and create a personal account with the government um in many countries you can submit tax declarations", "k-lEVNwMW68-00007-00004161-00004737": "online which is very cheap also for the government and very convenient for the user if you had", "k-lEVNwMW68-00008-00004737-00005353": "to fill out a tax declaration already you know that its much easier through a software", "k-lEVNwMW68-00009-00005353-00005719": "than on paper which is a real headache.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00010-00005719-00006280": "You can register a business online in many countries, or pay fines, in some countries", "k-lEVNwMW68-00011-00006280-00006875": "you can even apply for drivers license, or for personal identification card online but", "k-lEVNwMW68-00012-00006875-00007432": "these are very few countries in the world about 30 countries of the 200 countries in", "k-lEVNwMW68-00013-00007432-00007964": "the world where you can do these kinds of things already.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00014-00007964-00008375": "One e-government application that is very important refers to the public recurment process,", "k-lEVNwMW68-00015-00008375-00008965": "so this is everything the government buys, the government on average manages between", "k-lEVNwMW68-00016-00008965-00009697": "15% and 40% of the money in an entire economy in the entire country, and with this money", "k-lEVNwMW68-00017-00009697-00010346": "the government has to buy a lot of things the government has to buy pencils and papers", "k-lEVNwMW68-00018-00010346-00011034": "for it’s bureaucrats, but the government also buys things like roads, and hospitals,", "k-lEVNwMW68-00019-00011034-00011139": "and airports.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00020-00011139-00011850": "Now, spending so much money and doing these kinds of purposes with such amount often leads", "k-lEVNwMW68-00021-00011850-00012167": "to a lot of corruption and a lot of inefficiencies.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00022-00012167-00012489": "So bringing these processes online has a lot of benefits.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00023-00012489-00013119": "Here you can see some statistics from Brazil and you can see that the so called e procurement", "k-lEVNwMW68-00024-00013119-00014016": "process the digitalization of the public procurement process can save between 20% and 30% of the", "k-lEVNwMW68-00025-00014016-00014522": "government expenditures that means that the government in the end has 20%-30% more money", "k-lEVNwMW68-00026-00014522-00015183": "in it’s pocket and it can buy more hospitals, more schools, and more roads with this.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00027-00015183-00016006": "So bringing transparency and efficiency through digital means has important benefits.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00028-00016006-00016537": "It also increases a lot the transparency this is here a webpage from Chile an e-procurement", "k-lEVNwMW68-00029-00016537-00017026": "site from Chile and you can see you can click on it you can see that’s what Chile looks", "k-lEVNwMW68-00030-00017026-00017568": "like, Chile is a very long country basically as long as the United States is wide, so from", "k-lEVNwMW68-00031-00017568-00018161": "Los Angeles to New York that’s how long Chile is and these are the different states", "k-lEVNwMW68-00032-00018161-00018355": "and you can see how much money they spend.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00033-00018355-00018849": "It’s very transparent online so it’s a big tool to fight corruption.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00034-00018849-00019396": "You can even download the details of every purchase the government makes and in this", "k-lEVNwMW68-00035-00019396-00020003": "case it’s just an exo file, but journalists can still look through and during my time", "k-lEVNwMW68-00036-00020003-00020439": "at the United Nations there was one case, it wasn’t in Chile but in another Latin", "k-lEVNwMW68-00037-00020439-00021036": "American countries where journalists discovered that the presidents office bought towels at", "k-lEVNwMW68-00038-00021036-00021247": "the value of $600.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00039-00021247-00021541": "So now you know these things can now be detected.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00040-00021541-00022069": "You can even go in that’s again back to the case of Chile and look at different providers", "k-lEVNwMW68-00041-00022069-00022698": "so you can go in look at this database this is all the providers that offer toys and masks", "k-lEVNwMW68-00042-00022698-00023135": "and you can look through them see who they are, see when they won something.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00043-00023135-00023654": "Whether they won a competition because for example if it’s always the same person who", "k-lEVNwMW68-00044-00023654-00024237": "wins a competition, and the person happens to have the same last name as a government", "k-lEVNwMW68-00045-00024237-00024786": "official you can start to expect things are going on there so you can see this webpage", "k-lEVNwMW68-00046-00024786-00025668": "basically looks like online retailer just like any others where we shop from, it provides", "k-lEVNwMW68-00047-00025668-00026087": "a lot of transparency, which is a huge achievement of development.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00048-00026087-00026887": "This is now a page of the United States recovery.gov where you can track all the money that was", "k-lEVNwMW68-00049-00026887-00027112": "invested in the recovery act.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00050-00027112-00027383": "The American Recovery Reinvestment Act.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00051-00027383-00027583": "\"4:34-9:04 ....So you can see how much money is spent.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00052-00027583-00028494": "For example you can go to California, click on that and go in open this webpage and look", "k-lEVNwMW68-00053-00028494-00028988": "at the zip code 95616, that is Davis.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00054-00028988-00029605": "It zooms us in and shows us exactly Davis, Yolo county.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00055-00029605-00030108": "There is Davis and you can see several projects, Finance lets check some out.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00056-00030108-00030702": "And you can see its all very transparent you just look it up on the webpage there’s no,", "k-lEVNwMW68-00057-00030702-00031180": "you can check it out yourself and see if the money is rightly invested or not.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00058-00031180-00032075": "For example two projects pretty close to campus lets look at them what they’re about.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00059-00032075-00032491": "The Primary goal at the ARRA EETT grant is to improve student academic achievement through", "k-lEVNwMW68-00060-00032491-00032813": "the use of technology in elementary and secondary schools.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00061-00032813-00033000": "The state goal is to 1.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00062-00033000-00033531": "Assist every student in crossing the digital divide by ensuring that every student is technologically", "k-lEVNwMW68-00063-00033531-00033631": "literate.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00064-00033631-00034461": "A very important project for example financed here in Davis.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00065-00034461-00034841": "One thing that I find particularly interesting about e-government is that it represents a", "k-lEVNwMW68-00066-00034841-00035688": "huge opportunity for developing countries like leapfrogging and advancing in their modernization", "k-lEVNwMW68-00067-00035688-00035837": "of their public sector.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00068-00035837-00036456": "In this graph from the global e-government survey you can see here on the x axis the", "k-lEVNwMW68-00069-00036456-00036644": "horizontal x axis.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00070-00036644-00037302": "You can see e-government index countries that are more to the right are more advanced and", "k-lEVNwMW68-00071-00037302-00037916": "here you can see the income of the countries and some countries like Philippines Bolivia", "k-lEVNwMW68-00072-00037916-00038421": "who’s (?) on Vietnam have a higher e government advancement.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00073-00038421-00039108": "They are more to the right on the x axis but they are lower on terms of income as some", "k-lEVNwMW68-00074-00039108-00039693": "other countries like Guatemala and Pirogue which have a higher income per capita.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00075-00039693-00040341": "They are richer but they have less advance e-governments that basically tells us that", "k-lEVNwMW68-00076-00040341-00040975": "e governments not necessarily depends on how rich a country is in general money of course", "k-lEVNwMW68-00077-00040975-00041540": "helps but the modernization of the public sector can also lead to a lot of cost savings.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00078-00041540-00042259": "And many developing countries kind of like leap frog stages of development of their public", "k-lEVNwMW68-00079-00042259-00042556": "sector by digitalizing.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00080-00042556-00042990": "And instead of doing it like we did in the industrial age they never get to this stage.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00081-00042990-00043947": "They just leap frog into a new modern digital way of administration as a result there is", "k-lEVNwMW68-00082-00043947-00044378": "a lot of activity going on also cooperation between governments.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00083-00044378-00044774": "So when I was working in the United Nations secretary to special in Latin America there’s", "k-lEVNwMW68-00084-00044774-00045363": "a network among Latin American e-government leaders where we also worked together a lot", "k-lEVNwMW68-00085-00045363-00045821": "with other international organizations and international donors.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00086-00045821-00046468": "And these e-governments expert exchange experiences with each other because its new for everybody", "k-lEVNwMW68-00087-00046468-00047306": "but important improvements can be done to serve the people in developing countries better", "k-lEVNwMW68-00088-00047306-00047615": "and last but not least digitalization.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00089-00047615-00048149": "Also changes how the way the government communicates with the citizens.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00090-00048149-00048636": "Check out this video to understand that a little bit better.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00091-00048636-00049494": "Of course this increase communication between citizens and among citizens sometimes leads", "k-lEVNwMW68-00092-00049494-00050163": "to a completely new ways the citizens see the governments and or the government can", "k-lEVNwMW68-00093-00050163-00050446": "serve or can control its citizens.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00094-00050446-00051015": "And you might have heard of the twitter revolution or this revolution will be tweeted for example", "k-lEVNwMW68-00095-00051015-00051620": "in the Arab spring and the up rising of many Arab countries and Egypt and Indonesia social", "k-lEVNwMW68-00096-00051620-00051812": "networks like Facebook Twitter and YouTube.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00097-00051812-00052289": "Played a very crucial roll in there’s a lot of research going on about how of how", "k-lEVNwMW68-00098-00052289-00053071": "social media especially can be used and is being used to organize protests and revolutions.", "k-lEVNwMW68-00099-00053071-00053662": "Also in developed countries and how countries and how governments can and should deal with", "k-lEVNwMW68-00100-00053662-00054345": "it and if a new kind of democratic evidence based on these digital communication challenges."}}, {"audio_id": "k-qY_jVflME", "text": {"k-qY_jVflME-00000-00000104-00001592": "what just happened", "k-qY_jVflME-00001-00002792-00002984": "i", "k-qY_jVflME-00002-00004072-00004384": "hi", "k-qY_jVflME-00003-00005704-00005784": "what just happened", "k-qY_jVflME-00004-00009760-00009984": "me", "k-qY_jVflME-00005-00011360-00011410": "my", "k-qY_jVflME-00006-00013144-00013224": "what just happened", "k-qY_jVflME-00007-00014032-00014184": "he makes me sick", "k-qY_jVflME-00008-00015544-00016263": "well that takes care of that hey patrick"}}, {"audio_id": "k-SGmvP216o", "text": {"k-SGmvP216o-00000-00000000-00000200": "🔥 Ralphs-Carsound 🔥 Supercars Drift 2022", "k-SGmvP216o-00001-00000200-00000400": "🔥 Ralphs-Carsound 🔥 #gewinne ! #winalot ! #abo #competition"}}, {"audio_id": "k_3-YSi4UE4", "text": {"k_3-YSi4UE4-00000-00000038-00000138": "Hi!", "k_3-YSi4UE4-00001-00000138-00000793": "Tonight I want to improvise for you about \"to believe\".In dictionary to believe means", "k_3-YSi4UE4-00002-00000793-00001466": "to be convinced of something.For me to believe means to remain naive,to...how to say...to", "k_3-YSi4UE4-00003-00001466-00002544": "believe means to imagine the impossible possible,to concider the naivety a miraculous quality", "k_3-YSi4UE4-00004-00002544-00003510": "and not a defect,because I noticed a lot of people judge the naivety of other persons.\"Oh", "k_3-YSi4UE4-00005-00003510-00004476": "don't be naive\" I wonder what means to be naive.It means maybe to not think in a evil", "k_3-YSi4UE4-00006-00004476-00005303": "way anymore or to not feel it and maybe through this actually you keep the inner child,to", "k_3-YSi4UE4-00007-00005303-00005622": "not feel the evil anymore and to not do evil things anymore,to not feel anymore and \"don't", "k_3-YSi4UE4-00008-00005622-00006431": "be naive\" seems to me like a bad advice gave to others.Be naive,believe,be credulous.Let's", "k_3-YSi4UE4-00009-00006431-00007295": "not forget,the child is...have an extraordinary quality.Right away he imagine a horse is going", "k_3-YSi4UE4-00010-00007295-00008653": "on the horse and he's playing and you almost see that around him.To not lose the inner", "k_3-YSi4UE4-00011-00008653-00009638": "child,that is for me \"to believe\" and I wish as many people possible to stop judging others", "k_3-YSi4UE4-00012-00009638-00010017": "because are naive.How do you feel about all this?", "k_3-YSi4UE4-00013-00010017-00010059": "Bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "k_45eZKW9HM", "text": {"k_45eZKW9HM-00000-00000016-00000608": "if you're considering modifying your dslr or mirrorless camera for astrophotography you usually", "k_45eZKW9HM-00001-00000608-00001208": "have a few different choices and the goal with all of these mods as we call them is to let in more", "k_45eZKW9HM-00002-00001208-00001655": "light in the deep reds of the visible spectrum the issue with stock cameras is that they have", "k_45eZKW9HM-00003-00001655-00002312": "a fairly aggressive ir cut filter that rolls off gradually in these deep reds and that gradual roll", "k_45eZKW9HM-00004-00002312-00002864": "off means that the h alpha emission line which is so important for capturing emission nebulae", "k_45eZKW9HM-00005-00002864-00003528": "is only passed at somewhere from around 20 to 50 transmission after modification you typically pass", "k_45eZKW9HM-00006-00003528-00004160": "that line at over 95 transmission and that makes it much easier to photograph these dim", "k_45eZKW9HM-00007-00004160-00004792": "emission nebulae like the heart and soul or the california nebula or the north america and pelican", "k_45eZKW9HM-00008-00004864-00005544": "and if you've looked into camera mods you may have seen terms like low pass filter full spectrum Ha", "k_45eZKW9HM-00009-00005544-00006224": "mod Baader mod and felt overwhelmed by all of the different choices here well this video will", "k_45eZKW9HM-00010-00006224-00006728": "clear up the actual physical differences of these different types of camera mods but also", "k_45eZKW9HM-00011-00006728-00007264": "go into their pros and cons and what to expect from each mod when it comes to real world results", "k_45eZKW9HM-00012-00007264-00007831": "under the night sky and to do this i'll be showing my results all taken on the same night", "k_45eZKW9HM-00013-00007831-00008320": "with these different cameras with the same askar 200 millimeter lens and i'll do some", "k_45eZKW9HM-00014-00008320-00008960": "head-to-head comparisons at the end to be clear this video is not going to go over how to modify", "k_45eZKW9HM-00015-00008960-00009648": "your camera yourself if you are interested in that you can find guides on the web but personally", "k_45eZKW9HM-00016-00009648-00010072": "i've never done it myself because i don't have a clean room and i don't really have any", "k_45eZKW9HM-00017-00010176-00010728": "experience or particular skills with small electronics so i've always sent my cameras out for", "k_45eZKW9HM-00018-00010728-00011312": "modification or bought them already modified and if you're interested in sending your camera out", "k_45eZKW9HM-00019-00011312-00012048": "to be modded or buying an already modded camera i can recommend astrogear.net i've had a long call", "k_45eZKW9HM-00020-00012048-00012847": "with the owner and he really knows his stuff i sent him this canon eos t7 dslr for modification", "k_45eZKW9HM-00021-00012904-00013352": "he did a batter mod on it i've been using it for months and the results have been great so", "k_45eZKW9HM-00022-00013352-00014072": "astrogear.net and my affiliate link is in the description so let's dive in to start with let", "k_45eZKW9HM-00023-00014072-00014863": "me just break down the anatomy of the filter stack in a typical stock dslr or mirrorless canon camera", "k_45eZKW9HM-00024-00014968-00015663": "after you open up the mirror light first hits the lpf1 filter which is an anti-aliasing filter it", "k_45eZKW9HM-00025-00015663-00016247": "also so what an anti-aliasing filter does is it blurs small detail a little bit the point", "k_45eZKW9HM-00026-00016247-00016984": "of this is to get rid of moire patterns but uh those don't really affect us in astrophotography", "k_45eZKW9HM-00027-00017128-00017744": "the lpf1 filter also is necessary if your camera has an auto dust cleaning function", "k_45eZKW9HM-00028-00017744-00018176": "that doesn't really matter to me i usually turn off the autodust cleaning function anyways because", "k_45eZKW9HM-00029-00018264-00018968": "if you're not careful with flat fielding that can be a problem anyways then behind the lpf1", "k_45eZKW9HM-00030-00018968-00019464": "filter is the lpf2 filter and this is the filter that needs to be removed in every kind of mod", "k_45eZKW9HM-00031-00019520-00019880": "because this is the one that's affecting the deep reds of the visible spectrum", "k_45eZKW9HM-00032-00019880-00020624": "and cutting off some of the ha and usually all of the s2 what i just went over lpf1 lpf2", "k_45eZKW9HM-00033-00020704-00021160": "being two different filters is true of canon for sony and nikon it's a little bit different", "k_45eZKW9HM-00034-00021160-00022032": "and often those filters are all glued together in a sandwiched filter style so that affects the", "k_45eZKW9HM-00035-00022032-00022728": "kinds of mods you would do a little bit but it's it's the basic same idea as as what you have with", "k_45eZKW9HM-00036-00022728-00023240": "canon that there's different sort of filters in a low-pass filter stack that do different things", "k_45eZKW9HM-00037-00023312-00023896": "and uh the one that you really have to remove is usually called the lpf2 because that's the one", "k_45eZKW9HM-00038-00023896-00024448": "that's limiting those reds if you just remove the lpf2 filter but retain the lpf1 filter", "k_45eZKW9HM-00039-00024528-00025040": "that's uh one of many mods that we might call an ha mod and it's one of the most popular because", "k_45eZKW9HM-00040-00025040-00025752": "it's usually the cheapest mod out there and there are a variety of mods that also combine removing", "k_45eZKW9HM-00041-00025752-00026336": "the lpf2 or the entire low-pass filter and then adding some kind of astro specific filter back", "k_45eZKW9HM-00042-00026336-00026968": "in internally and the most typical one you'll see is adding back an illuminance filter also known as", "k_45eZKW9HM-00043-00026968-00027568": "an astronomy-specific uv-ir cut filter and those are usually provided by the company Baader and the", "k_45eZKW9HM-00044-00027568-00028080": "Baader filter is so popular for modding that when it's used it's usually just called a Baader mod", "k_45eZKW9HM-00045-00028080-00028760": "and so that's what i'll call it in in this video in my case what i had done was i had the lpf one", "k_45eZKW9HM-00046-00028760-00029408": "and two removed and the bottom filter added in by astrogear.net and then another kind of popular", "k_45eZKW9HM-00047-00029408-00029968": "mod is the full spectrum mod where you remove the lpf1 and lpf2 filter and either replace them with", "k_45eZKW9HM-00048-00029968-00030576": "clear glass or don't replace them at all and just have a naked sensor so to review the the types are", "k_45eZKW9HM-00049-00030704-00031424": "lpf2 removal lpf1 retained a batter mod where lpf 1 and 2 have been removed and a Baader", "k_45eZKW9HM-00050-00031424-00032008": "luminance filter is added internally and then a full spectrum mod where everything's taken out", "k_45eZKW9HM-00051-00032008-00032600": "and i'll be comparing these three different kinds of camera mods lpf2 removed bottom mod and full", "k_45eZKW9HM-00052-00032600-00033288": "spectrum mod to a stock dslr and to my canon EOS Ra which is sort of a weird case of a camera that", "k_45eZKW9HM-00053-00033288-00033824": "you buy stock but it's already been pre-modified by canon and they charge a big premium for that", "k_45eZKW9HM-00054-00033824-00034264": "i won't dwell on the ra in this video though because you can just watch my full review of it", "k_45eZKW9HM-00055-00034264-00034760": "where i go into all of the the details of what the ra is all about including the ra is really", "k_45eZKW9HM-00056-00034760-00035240": "just for a point of comparison when we get to the end uh when i'm doing comparisons of all the", "k_45eZKW9HM-00057-00035240-00035816": "different types of mods so let's jump into each camera mod look at the results the pros and cons", "k_45eZKW9HM-00058-00035816-00036560": "and we'll start with this canon 60d which has had the lpf2 filter removed if you get this mod", "k_45eZKW9HM-00059-00036560-00037248": "done by astrogear.net it's the cheapest one they offer at 169 here's the resulting photo this is 18", "k_45eZKW9HM-00060-00037248-00037880": "photos at 30 seconds each stacked together and we can compare it here to the stock dslr on the north", "k_45eZKW9HM-00061-00037880-00038336": "american pelican nebulae and you can see that the colors are pretty different because when you", "k_45eZKW9HM-00062-00038336-00038760": "mod you're letting in all that hydrogen signal so on an emission nebula like this it really", "k_45eZKW9HM-00063-00038760-00039232": "helps firm up details even in the bright parts of the nebula like the cygnus wall region here", "k_45eZKW9HM-00064-00039296-00039776": "i'd say the biggest pro of this mod is that it's the cheapest it works quite well at letting in", "k_45eZKW9HM-00065-00039776-00040296": "more ha and you retain the lpf1 filter which gives some protection from the elements if you ever", "k_45eZKW9HM-00066-00040296-00041160": "open the camera up without a lens or telescope on it it does give the lpf1 filter does give those", "k_45eZKW9HM-00067-00041160-00041848": "small stars a little bit of a blur and we'll talk about that next and comparing this one to a 60d", "k_45eZKW9HM-00068-00041848-00042320": "that's been has the full spectrum meaning that both the whole entire low pass filter", "k_45eZKW9HM-00069-00042320-00043272": "assembly has been removed i replaced it with an astronomic l2 uvir block filter that's a clip in", "k_45eZKW9HM-00070-00043272-00043992": "and at first glance it might look nearly identical to the last mod but the removal of the lpf1 filter", "k_45eZKW9HM-00071-00043992-00044536": "means that if we look at the stars very closely you'll see that that lpf1 filter does blur small", "k_45eZKW9HM-00072-00044536-00045088": "detail and without that anti-aliasing effect we can split stars with the full spectrum camera", "k_45eZKW9HM-00073-00045160-00045616": "because the small details sharpen up a little bit this is a small enough difference that i'm", "k_45eZKW9HM-00074-00045616-00046144": "not sure if artistically i care because zoomed out like i say they look basically identical to my eye", "k_45eZKW9HM-00075-00046144-00046592": "but the real advantage of the full spectrum camera is that it's a bit more flexible", "k_45eZKW9HM-00076-00046648-00047328": "i could remove this astronomic l2 which i use for nighttime shooting and put in an ir pass filter on", "k_45eZKW9HM-00077-00047328-00047944": "front of a lens like like this Hoya r72 and do infrared photography during the day which i've", "k_45eZKW9HM-00078-00047944-00048528": "only done on a few occasions but it was really fun i want to do more of it and so that's a big pro", "k_45eZKW9HM-00079-00048528-00049008": "of the full spectrum is that it's more flexible the the downside is you'll likely pay a bit more", "k_45eZKW9HM-00080-00049072-00049448": "to get this added flexibility because you're buying different kinds of filters and things", "k_45eZKW9HM-00081-00049448-00050064": "so next let's compare these two that we've done to the Baader mod which is like full spectrum but", "k_45eZKW9HM-00082-00050064-00050760": "then they add a Baader luminance filter back in internally rather than having to use a clip in or", "k_45eZKW9HM-00083-00050760-00051312": "an external ir cut filter and this makes the mod a bit more expensive but let's see if it's worth it", "k_45eZKW9HM-00084-00051367-00051952": "over the extra cost of for instance just an lpf2 removal and interestingly the color rendering is", "k_45eZKW9HM-00085-00051952-00052400": "pretty different we still get plenty of signal but we don't get as overpowered by the reds", "k_45eZKW9HM-00086-00052400-00052952": "if we go back to the stock camera comparison you can see it's just a tad closer than with the other", "k_45eZKW9HM-00087-00052952-00053536": "two mods one thing i do wonder is if i used an astronomic l3 rather than an l2 if that might", "k_45eZKW9HM-00088-00053536-00054088": "be more similar to the Baader but anyways i i like this color rendering and it leads me into my last", "k_45eZKW9HM-00089-00054088-00054648": "comparison here which is the canon ra the stars will look bloated compared to the other cameras", "k_45eZKW9HM-00090-00054648-00055328": "because i've cropped down from full frame and the ra has significantly bigger pixels than these crop", "k_45eZKW9HM-00091-00055328-00055832": "sensor cameras but that's also why it's a brighter image than the others because of these bigger", "k_45eZKW9HM-00092-00055896-00056520": "pixels but if we can get past those differences i think it compares pretty well to the Baader mod so", "k_45eZKW9HM-00093-00056520-00056976": "let's bring them all back up now and look at some crops i'd say that the differences are", "k_45eZKW9HM-00094-00056976-00057552": "all pretty subtle with a few small adjustments in photoshop i could probably make all of these", "k_45eZKW9HM-00095-00057552-00057991": "look even more identical than they do here as another test though i did a daytime shootout", "k_45eZKW9HM-00096-00057991-00058640": "with a lamp set to 6000 kelvin which is pretty close to sunlight it's sort of a bluish white", "k_45eZKW9HM-00097-00058640-00059120": "and i first put all of the cameras onto full auto including auto white balance and took", "k_45eZKW9HM-00098-00059120-00059736": "snapshots and here's the results there and you can see with modified cameras auto white balance", "k_45eZKW9HM-00099-00059736-00060344": "is a pretty bad idea except with the Canon EOS Ra in which case it works fine because canon's", "k_45eZKW9HM-00100-00060344-00060912": "already done a white balance shift in the firmware so to even the score let's set a custom white", "k_45eZKW9HM-00101-00060912-00061424": "balance with a gray card for each camera before taking the snapshots and these are the results", "k_45eZKW9HM-00102-00061624-00062279": "so obviously much closer and it really is uh they can be used with a custom white balance", "k_45eZKW9HM-00103-00062279-00062648": "if you've enjoyed this video i'm gonna have a part two in this series on camera", "k_45eZKW9HM-00104-00062648-00063240": "mods one week from today where i'll be comparing a modded canon dslr to a modded", "k_45eZKW9HM-00105-00063240-00063784": "nikon dslr and we'll see if i'm so wowed by the nikon that i want to switch to the", "k_45eZKW9HM-00106-00063784-00064584": "dark side of the force well till then this has been Nico Carver nebulaphotos.com Clear Skies!"}}, {"audio_id": "k_wFvZ5p0RQ", "text": {"k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00000-00000024-00000409": "I'm Maceál from Rapalje and I'd like to invite you as a patron", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00001-00000468-00000614": "on patreon.com", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00002-00000672-00001048": "And in this video I explain  you how Patreon works", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00003-00001086-00001398": "and how you can help us  make better Rapalje Show videos", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00004-00001448-00001688": "and music videos like this", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00005-00003358-00003726": "So, welcome to patreon and let's figure out how this works because it's as new", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00006-00003726-00004236": "for me as it could be new for you so first we go to our patreon page at", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00007-00004298-00004850": "patreon.com/rapalje_celtic_folk_music  and there you see this screen", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00008-00004884-00005262": "and you can see at the moment that we record this video that we have six patrons and", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00009-00005262-00005578": "we earn $11 per YouTube video", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00010-00005596-00005800": "and we make two videos a week:", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00011-00005800-00006170": "The Rapalje Show every Sunday  and a music video every Wednesday", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00012-00006210-00006552": "And we will also pledge you for those two videos a week", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00013-00006676-00006995": "To the left you can see our goals and our first goal", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00014-00006995-00007302": "was already reached after half an hour opening the page", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00015-00007342-00007558": "I could welcome my first parton", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00016-00007558-00007852": "Bjorn van Rijszen. Thank you very  much for being the first one", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00017-00007909-00008298": "Our next goal was to be able to  repair our tea-chest-bass top", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00018-00008310-00008638": "and all other instruments and to get strings 'n' things", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00019-00008676-00009068": "and I made a longer video from this repair from this tea-chest-bass to thank all the patrons", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00020-00009068-00009560": "and you can see who these patrons are in the end screen credits from this video", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00021-00011364-00011802": "This table is the dancing table  you will see on on this video", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00022-00022688-00023128": "In the middle of the page you now see the first Rapalje Show video I ever made", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00023-00023170-00023570": "But of course if you go to our page now you will see this video I made for you", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00024-00023634-00023992": "At the right you can see the rewards and the first reward", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00025-00024010-00024340": "is your name in the credits  and descriptions of the videos", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00026-00024340-00024674": "and these are the Rapalje Show  videos and our music videos", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00027-00024746-00024834": "twice a week", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00028-00024912-00025270": "We will print your name in the credits  of all upcoming album releases", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00029-00025302-00025478": "for $2 a video", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00030-00025546-00025864": "And for $5 a video you can download our exclusive", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00031-00025894-00026154": "weekly home videos in English, German", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00032-00026177-00026280": "or Dutch", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00033-00026298-00026450": "And if you want to support our new album", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00034-00026450-00026818": "and you want your voice and a video on the song \"Flatlands\"", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00035-00028226-00028683": "you can record a video, you send it to us and we make a personal video for you", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00036-00028683-00028889": "and your voice will also be on our next album", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00037-00028924-00029270": "and for twenty dollars a video  we will invite you here in our studio", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00038-00029322-00029810": "To record your voice, your video on the same song \"Flatlands\"", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00039-00029833-00030058": "you also get a tour around the house", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00040-00030077-00030270": "and also some goodies to take home", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00041-00030288-00030642": "And afterwards you get a video from me. You can use for whatever you want", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00042-00030664-00031108": "And of course, in every next tier you also get the rewards from previous ones", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00043-00031138-00031344": "So how can you become a patron?", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00044-00031406-00031538": "you click on the red part", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00045-00031583-00031733": "which says become a patron", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00046-00031764-00032154": "And here you can choose your  reward and unlock the posts", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00047-00032170-00032464": "like the special video with the tea-chest-bass I recorded", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00048-00032518-00032712": "And to the right you can also see our next goal", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00049-00032712-00033066": "where $20 per YouTube video  pays for all the previous goals", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00050-00033066-00033276": "and the rent for the camera gear I'm using to shoot", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00051-00033276-00033504": "the Rapalje Shows and the live streams", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00052-00033542-00033778": "And a photo and all the gear beneath it", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00053-00033778-00033952": "And if you want to have some  more information about the gear", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00054-00033952-00034188": "just send me a message and I explain some more", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00055-00034228-00034632": "Here you can see how much dollars you want to pledge and also what your reward is", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00056-00034632-00034848": "like I mentioned before", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00057-00034906-00035104": "and then click on one for example this one", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00058-00035146-00035466": "And here you can sign up with your Facebook account", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00059-00035556-00035958": "or write your full name,  email and password", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00060-00036518-00036708": "Agree to the terms of use", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00061-00036736-00037016": "and tell the computer that you are not a robot", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00062-00037016-00037152": "You get a small puzzle", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00063-00037224-00037684": "Select all images with cars and  click verify once there are none left", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00064-00037684-00037946": "So you have to keep clicking until you see no more cars", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00065-00037976-00038296": "Where do we see the cars? Here's a car:", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00066-00038346-00038444": "There's a car", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00067-00038610-00038750": "And new pictures are coming up", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00068-00038804-00038924": "Ahh, I see a car", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00069-00038972-00039086": "I see a car", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00070-00039576-00039686": "I see a car", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00071-00039810-00040020": "Take your time, this is a fun game", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00072-00040154-00040354": "I guess, ah, there's another car", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00073-00040374-00040672": "I don't see any more cars", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00074-00040688-00040900": "Here, but that's not clickable", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00075-00040938-00041034": "Verify..", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00076-00041120-00041434": "Well, I'm not a robot and I hope you aren't either", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00077-00041572-00041936": "And here you can confirm your pledge to  RAPALJE Celtic Folk Music", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00078-00041956-00042128": "Which means that you support us", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00079-00042142-00042322": "with all the goals we set", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00080-00042352-00042552": "You can also edit and choose another one", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00081-00042640-00042722": "and continue..", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00082-00042744-00043044": "But you can also for example pledge to Rapalje", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00083-00043072-00043388": "for two videos a month or more or less", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00084-00043430-00043664": "You can pay with creditcard or with PayPal", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00085-00043664-00043792": "I have PayPal so I click it", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00086-00043792-00044112": "And then you just follow your  PayPal instructions like you used to", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00087-00044126-00044494": "when you pay on line for other things and goodies", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00088-00044570-00044868": "So I hope that you understand  what I explained here", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00089-00044874-00045270": "so please let me know in the comments if I can help you with setting up patreon", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00090-00045308-00045688": "To support us making Rapalje Show  videos like this and music videos", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00091-00045694-00045882": "and at the end of this video", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00092-00045916-00046026": "in the end screen credits", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00093-00046060-00046280": "you can see our patrons that supported us", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00094-00046296-00046438": "Be easy and free", "k_wFvZ5p0RQ-00095-00046454-00046680": "and I meet you on Patreon"}}, {"audio_id": "k_Pbfem2rg8", "text": {"k_Pbfem2rg8-00000-00000012-00000450": "Driver stop, come forward. What. Driver, driver,", "k_Pbfem2rg8-00001-00000450-00001530": "driver, slow. How is he gonna get down that dude. Forward, now passenger. Wow, ohh."}}, {"audio_id": "k_RKjrVLaok", "text": {"k_RKjrVLaok-00000-00000459-00000810": "Now, Mia is an edX learner, and I", "k_RKjrVLaok-00001-00000810-00001108": "would love to have her share with you her own journey.", "k_RKjrVLaok-00002-00001108-00001191": "Thank you, Anant.", "k_RKjrVLaok-00003-00001191-00001524": "I completed the Supply Chain Management MicroMasters", "k_RKjrVLaok-00004-00001524-00001655": "from MIT.", "k_RKjrVLaok-00005-00001655-00001797": "I learned something in the evening", "k_RKjrVLaok-00006-00001797-00002039": "that I could immediately connect to what", "k_RKjrVLaok-00007-00002039-00002169": "I was working on the next day.", "k_RKjrVLaok-00008-00002169-00002574": "I got my dream job, I got an increase in responsibility,", "k_RKjrVLaok-00009-00002574-00002802": "I got nearly a double increase in pay,", "k_RKjrVLaok-00010-00002802-00003114": "which was very significant-- and taking the MicroMasters program", "k_RKjrVLaok-00011-00003114-00003386": "really transformed my career in a significant way,", "k_RKjrVLaok-00012-00003386-00003657": "and it provided me with opportunities that I really", "k_RKjrVLaok-00013-00003657-00003902": "wouldn't have imagined before."}}, {"audio_id": "kAeelBq_Dlg", "text": {"kAeelBq_Dlg-00000-00000358-00001179": "here is New York commuters give the city its title restlessness natives gave its", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00001-00001179-00001928": "solidity and continuity but the settlers gave it passion EB weight would have", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00002-00001928-00002580": "described me as a settler in fact I became a New Yorker to pursue my passion", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00003-00002580-00003221": "for design my name is Daniela ohand I'm here at the Elizabeth", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00004-00003221-00003746": "collective historic mansion in midtown New York where Art and Design lived", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00005-00003746-00004625": "together curated by messenger art welcome to harvest dialog", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00006-00005941-00006562": "at 97 fashion designer pierre cardin is a subject of a comprehensive", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00007-00006562-00007145": "retrospective at the brooklyn museum responding to the space race of the 60s", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00008-00007145-00007598": "and 70s Cardin revolutionized fashion and became one of the most influential", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00009-00007598-00008095": "fashion designer at that time hello Matthew Kowalski", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00010-00008095-00008606": "senior curator of fashion material culture and also the curator of this", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00011-00008606-00009380": "show Pierre Cardin future fashion so what do you to focus on Pierre Cardin at", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00012-00009380-00009905": "this time at this time well a couple years ago I had worked on a Jean Paul", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00013-00009905-00010397": "Gautier retrospective and I hadn't realized that Jean Paul had actually", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00014-00010397-00010883": "worked for Pierre Cardin in the early 70s and I thought we should", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00015-00010883-00011321": "all go back and think about Pierre Cardin so what when did you meet him for", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00016-00011321-00012071": "the first time so we met earlier this year around the holidays and you know", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00017-00012071-00012545": "he's 97 he still comes to his office I walked in and he showed me his new", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00018-00012545-00012928": "drawings that he just did that morning so you know one of the things that I", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00019-00012928-00013366": "learned from your exhibition is that he's still active as a fashion designer", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00020-00013366-00013940": "well you know I went down to the men's salon and I was looking at the men's", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00021-00013940-00014633": "clothes and they said Oh Pierre just had this made he's innovation he's probably", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00022-00014633-00015253": "his contribution if you look back to the history of 20th century fashion really", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00023-00015253-00016028": "were rooted in the 60s and 70s so I wonder how do you place him or his", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00024-00016028-00016518": "legacy in the pantheon of modern fashion design", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00025-00016518-00017226": "well before the sixties he was known for his tailoring he did exquisite tailoring", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00026-00017226-00017815": "and in the 60s he's in the conversation with Korres and Paco Rabanne I think", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00027-00017815-00018448": "what distinguishes Pierre Cardin is his use of innovative fabrics like vinyl and", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00028-00018448-00018973": "car diene that he invented Pierre Cardin switched form the creative to the", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00029-00018973-00019560": "business what happened then he was very lucky I would say at the beginning in", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00030-00019560-00020095": "that he was able to license his name you know he had done so well in couture that", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00031-00020095-00020917": "he was able to sell his name to be on other products very successfully very", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00032-00020917-00021367": "successful and at the beginning he had people that managed all of the products", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00033-00021367-00021859": "so if you got something that a Pierre Cardin name on it was a quality item and", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00034-00021859-00022345": "this happened for decades and it's just when you had started to have things like", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00035-00022345-00022993": "sub-licensing where you didn't have all the creative control things changed and", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00036-00022993-00023569": "the licensing allowed him to buy a theater in the 70s it allowed him to buy", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00037-00023569-00024045": "Maxine's restaurant it allowed him to buy a palace it allowed him to buy a", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00038-00024045-00024498": "castle in Lacoste where he has a music festival now so you was able to", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00039-00024498-00025032": "investigate whole other sides of creativity that if he hadn't done", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00040-00025032-00025576": "licensing wouldn't have been available to him he will you pioneered yes that", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00041-00025576-00026194": "notion of licensing and you as a curator of fashion you have worked on several", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00042-00026194-00026915": "figures in the history of fashion how do you want us to remember Pierre Cardin Oh", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00043-00026915-00027475": "for me I think that Pierre Cardin in addition to being a great futurist", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00044-00027475-00028174": "designer I think I also look at him as a person at 97 who never retired he", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00045-00028174-00028719": "continued designing throughout his whole life and I think that that's a lesson", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00046-00028719-00029009": "for all of us", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00047-00030025-00030581": "one of the most intriguing books of the season is the International bastards", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00048-00030581-00031214": "list by Amy Fran Collins this prestigious list started in the forties", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00049-00031214-00031769": "by Eleanor Lambert who was also the founder of New York Fashion Week and the", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00050-00031769-00032637": "Met Gala in 2003 just month before she died at 100 she entrusted the list to", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00051-00032637-00033344": "four for friends in Amy fine Collins is one of them Amy so I want to ask you for", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00052-00033344-00033975": "Eleanor lumbered the fashion was a form of art and you too is an art historian", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00053-00033975-00034700": "you look and analyze fashion as a form of art and I really love this article", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00054-00034700-00035280": "that you wrote in Vanity Fair about Karl Lagerfeld and how you got to be friends", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00055-00035280-00035825": "with him through your love your mutual love of art so what do you bring to the", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00056-00035825-00036653": "list as an art historian first I think Eleanor and I had a rapport because of", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00057-00036653-00037512": "her background in art she was trained to be a sculptor and she initially started", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00058-00037512-00038038": "out as a publicist representing artists a really important artist like isn't", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00059-00038038-00038643": "Noguchi to be an artist she represented artists and from there she represented", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00060-00038643-00039456": "art galleries the Whitney Museum at the time of its opening and then fashion", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00061-00039456-00039849": "designers American fashion designers started saying why can't you do for us", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00062-00039849-00040446": "what you have done for American artists so that was her background my background", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00063-00040446-00041177": "was in art history and she and I could speak the same language about clothing", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00064-00041177-00041736": "which was not about what is commercial what is trendy what is going to sell", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00065-00041736-00042108": "what's new this season and what's not it was a converse", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00066-00042108-00042840": "station that would be about volume and texture and proportion and line she and", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00067-00042840-00043538": "I would say myself to our or work very particular about what kind of clothes we", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00068-00043538-00044049": "wanted to wear Eleanor Lambert was a force by the time I met her she was", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00069-00044049-00044666": "already in her 90s or at least close to 90 here was a woman who was still", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00070-00044666-00045194": "working full-time who had the entire fashion world at her command", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00071-00045194-00045722": "she had a mission it was almost evangelical she wanted to make American", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00072-00045722-00046524": "designers equal to the designers in paris and and I think in this book you", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00073-00046524-00047087": "really bring a heart to life again in this book well thank you for reading it", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00074-00047087-00047972": "so closely and in 1996 you entered the best-dressed list Hall of Fame what", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00075-00047972-00048725": "exactly is it the Hall of Fame was started in 1958 the list began in 1940", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00076-00048725-00049302": "and and there were a number of women who were so outstanding in the way they", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00077-00049302-00050162": "dressed someone like babe pally or Grace Kelly the Duchess of Windsor that their", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00078-00050162-00050661": "names recurred on the list year after year Mona Bismarck these", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00079-00050661-00051257": "women made the list repetitive because they were so excellent they deserve to", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00080-00051257-00051813": "win every year so finally Eleanor decided there should be a Hall of Fame", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00081-00051813-00052658": "what do you suggest young girls who look up to this list this list is like V", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00082-00052658-00053337": "lists there are so many lists but this is the list what can you suggest them if", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00083-00053337-00053973": "the one to get to this level of style there's a lot of confusion out there", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00084-00053973-00054704": "about fashion now there's a multiplicity of sources for information about fashion", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00085-00054704-00055417": "much of it is corrupted and compromised there's no one voice of authority", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00086-00055422-00056241": "telling young girls to look your best to be most inspired look this way and she", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00087-00056241-00056823": "was an extent that's a good development but it's gotten way too far so my advice", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00088-00056823-00057444": "and part of the reason why I wrote this book is please confer with this book", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00089-00057444-00058032": "look at this book and see the women and the men who have been most beautifully", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00090-00058032-00058725": "dressed most elegantly dress dress most appropriately to their position their", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00091-00058725-00059277": "place their purpose in life and get inspired but I have a guest for you I", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00092-00059277-00059850": "have a surprise for you I hope it's a good surprise only good ok", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00093-00059850-00060597": "I would like to welcome I care who the artist author and publisher whose fame", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00094-00060597-00061308": "portraits have challenged issues of culture and gender he's a three times", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00095-00061308-00062033": "member of the international best dressed list I care hello", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00096-00062072-00062949": "we've known each other for a while indeed and you approach fashion in a", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00097-00062949-00063897": "very conceptual cultural way what is fashion to you fashion is for first and", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00098-00063897-00064698": "foremost the index of culture it's a very profound cultural marker sometimes", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00099-00064698-00065622": "or often times to locate a personage in history you merely have to look at what", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00100-00065622-00066078": "they are wearing so when you look at people as an artist you learn about", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00101-00066078-00066908": "their identity yes I think that fashion can can can be a very good indicators of", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00102-00066908-00068126": "one's identity details religion class gender sex etc", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00103-00068126-00068943": "Amy your friends right for a very long time yes indeed can you tell me what who", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00104-00068943-00069789": "made you choose I care for the best-dressed list and it wasn't just I", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00105-00069789-00070521": "remember we have where voters really you have a committee as I K is what I would", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00106-00070521-00071193": "say sweet generous he's one of a kind he there was no one else who dresses like", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00107-00071193-00071750": "him who looks like him and it's a full expression of who he is", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00108-00071750-00072705": "and it also sets an example and a standard for other people to look at to", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00109-00072705-00073800": "follow to interpret to be inspired by I K elevates fashion as he wears it to the", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00110-00073800-00074625": "level of art so I would say I Kate takes fashion to its highest level and that is", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00111-00074625-00075270": "what we are looking for for the Stressless it is rare and it's hard to", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00112-00075270-00075936": "find okay you your style is authentic you as Amy said you dress like nobody", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00113-00075936-00076428": "else it's something that is totally personal do you have any advice on how", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00114-00076428-00077156": "one can achieve authentic style I don't think there's any kind of advice to give", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00115-00077156-00077868": "somebody because it's not formulaic as it were it has it's a fire it's a", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00116-00077868-00078672": "passion there is a spiritual elements to it because dressing in a way that is an", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00117-00078672-00080384": "extension of one's inner world has a very shall we say become and serene", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00118-00080384-00081135": "effect on one's disposition and being can I ask you if you have anyone that", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00119-00081135-00081698": "you admire further style I have work right here my right side", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00120-00081698-00082505": "every phone call is of course I liked some of David Bowie's style I like the", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00121-00082505-00083111": "Duke of Windsor style was he a part of the best was list I know she the Duke of", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00122-00083111-00083651": "Windsor went immediately to the Hall of Fame when when men were admitted into", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00123-00083651-00084326": "the list and David Bowie is on the list and there's a fantastically elegant", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00124-00084326-00084866": "picture of him here not from his psychedelic moment yeah well I also like", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00125-00084866-00085526": "Gary Cooper as well Amy so I care has been on the list three", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00126-00085526-00086029": "times is he a candidate for the Hall of Fame", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00127-00086029-00086461": "okay is still a bit young for the Hall of Fame", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00128-00086461-00087056": "but I would say he is on that track without doubt I technically he is", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00129-00087056-00087409": "eligible yes", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00130-00088540-00089054": "Eleanor Lambert not only founded the best-dressed list but also New York", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00131-00089054-00089621": "Fashion Week when she founded it it came to showcase American fashion to", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00132-00089621-00090164": "journalists but at that time luxury looked very different than today", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00133-00090164-00090824": "how has the notion of luxury changed and what can we learn about it from a recent", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00134-00090824-00091535": "New York Fashion Week so hello Gary wasner author and authority on financing", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00135-00091535-00092143": "fashion how are you I'm fine thank you very much what has changed", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00136-00092143-00092701": "luxury used to be something that was unattainable or attainable by only a few", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00137-00092701-00093137": "today luxury is affordable and attainable by", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00138-00093137-00093704": "almost everyone you can rent it on Rent the Runway you can buy it at the real", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00139-00093704-00094271": "real so the whole concept of luxury has been democratized who are the major", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00140-00094271-00094934": "players in democratizing fashion as you have witnessed let's say in the recent", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00141-00094934-00095345": "New York Fashion Week recently well of course as Virgil oblong", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00142-00095345-00095815": "but he wasn't it part of New York Fashion Week", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00143-00095815-00096623": "Pyramus kirby Jean Raymond that he is making a statement he's talking about", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00144-00096623-00097442": "fashion as more of a political tool then just clothing that you wear he has made", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00145-00097442-00097982": "a huge difference in the way people are looking at clothing today and I think", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00146-00097982-00098531": "also when we look at sustainability that's democratized and and also I know", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00147-00098531-00099146": "that the audience that you see in the fashion shows have completely changed", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00148-00099146-00099749": "what what is that if it used to be editors and buyers only that was it you", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00149-00099749-00100154": "could never buy a ticket you could not buy a ticket they were not these big", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00150-00100154-00100508": "extravagant shows they were not meant for the public", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00151-00100508-00101033": "they were meant for the trade editors and buyers and Eleanor Lambert in fact", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00152-00101033-00101540": "was fantastic at bringing them together and offering a venue for the editors and", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00153-00101540-00101939": "buyers to come to come in and see the collections that they otherwise could", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00154-00101939-00102884": "not see collectively today it's bloggers it's influencers it's the public and and", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00155-00102884-00103393": "and why do you think that fashion brands interested in this direct relationship", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00156-00103393-00103940": "with consumers well again back to democratizing fashion there that all the", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00157-00103940-00104459": "gatekeepers that we previously had that blocked your way as a designer from", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00158-00104459-00104960": "reaching directly to the public all of those gatekeepers are gone we don't need", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00159-00104960-00105503": "the magazines to introduce a brand you can go on Instagram you can go on social", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00160-00105503-00105704": "media and introduce yourself to the world", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00161-00105704-00106320": "so we're speaking directly to the public to the consumer today you know anything", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00162-00106320-00107174": "a luxury that you miss yes I do I actually miss the anticipation of buying", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00163-00107174-00107741": "something putting it away being very careful with it coveting it in a healthy", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00164-00107741-00108270": "way and then wearing it for an occasion I do miss that luxury has completely", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00165-00108270-00108710": "changed since Eleanor Lambert founded the fashion New York Fashion Week in", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00166-00108710-00109174": "1943 significantly yes", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00167-00110226-00110754": "in the National Design Awards celebrated that the cooper-hewitt National Design", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00168-00110754-00111388": "Museum last month the recipient of the category of the emerging designer is", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00169-00111388-00112158": "open style lab it is a new york-based nonprofit organization that comes to", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00170-00112158-00112779": "provide solutions wearable solutions and style to people with disabilities", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00171-00112779-00113241": "two of the three founders are here with us today", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00172-00113241-00114159": "hi grace John and - our event what is your mission so our mission is to make", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00173-00114159-00114640": "style accessible to people of all abilities regardless of cognitive or", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00174-00114640-00115086": "physical disability how did you come up with this mission I guess the story is", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00175-00115086-00115629": "really it first started off as a social service project at MIT and grace was", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00176-00115629-00116208": "actually the first one to sort of notice it and realize the potential of it and I", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00177-00116208-00116653": "think the structure of it was a little bit different they they were still", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00178-00116653-00116989": "working with people with disabilities but they weren't designers involved so", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00179-00116989-00117628": "it really like slowly became a more interdisciplinary system where we", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00180-00117628-00118000": "actually team up with designers engineers occupational or physical", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00181-00118000-00118402": "therapists to co-create these wearable solutions with people with disabilities", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00182-00118402-00119113": "so give me an example of a wearable solution that you have created for a", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00183-00119113-00119713": "specific person we have a few examples one that is just between us as a board", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00184-00119713-00120277": "Kristina's are our most I think you know valuable board member so we want to make", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00185-00120277-00120711": "sure she has a good quality of life and together we thought about having an idea", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00186-00120711-00121185": "around conductive socks so she types with her toes and in the winter a lot of", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00187-00121185-00121552": "people stare at her feet because they're kind of wondering why she's taking out", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00188-00121552-00122128": "her feet and trying to move her iPad or her phone on the floor so I made her", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00189-00122128-00122735": "these socks that she told me she in a certain shape and form as well as", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00190-00122735-00123302": "material that had conductive endings on the toe so she kind of type and have", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00191-00123302-00123946": "socks well you have been doing a summer programs in recent years and they are", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00192-00123946-00124529": "particularly productive and interesting what what exactly are they so each year", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00193-00124529-00125145": "we team up with a group of disabilities to co-create garments or wearable", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00194-00125145-00125588": "solutions for them with teams of engineers designers and therapists with", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00195-00125588-00126011": "that we actually created a different format this year where when we teamed up", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00196-00126011-00126491": "with the initiative for a woman with disabilities of NY leg on working with", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00197-00126491-00127163": "teenage girls we actually picked out whatever address they like and Coco", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00198-00127163-00127683": "hacked and altered their based on their needs and I know grace you told me that", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00199-00127683-00128048": "style is very important yeah so if I wanted to elaborate on", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00200-00128048-00128544": "style but it really resonates to what our summer program does and it's about", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00201-00128544-00128897": "making a space where people with disabilities people of all abilities", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00202-00128897-00129398": "especially creatives can gather together and talk about style as a form of", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00203-00129398-00129967": "identity I think it's it's just so beautiful what you do and to introduce", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00204-00129967-00130526": "style and fashion to people with disabilities that you know most of us", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00205-00130526-00131042": "never think about congratulations for receiving the National Design Awards", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00206-00131042-00131501": "thank you and thanks for being here thank you for having us", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00207-00131501-00132227": "and thanks for tuning in and until next time remember figure tastes this episode", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00208-00132227-00132812": "was brought to you by Rago a worldwide leader in the sale of fine design at", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00209-00132812-00133094": "auction", "kAeelBq_Dlg-00210-00136049-00136436": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "kAL2IfVcpDM", "text": {"kAL2IfVcpDM-00000-00000000-00000200": "music"}}, {"audio_id": "kAS6iDQYSwM", "text": {"kAS6iDQYSwM-00000-00000000-00003650": "JoeBejjany.com"}}, {"audio_id": "kB8-YTfUdvE", "text": {"kB8-YTfUdvE-00000-00000312-00000594": "Hi, I'm Carrie Anne, and welcome to Crash Course Computer Science!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00001-00000594-00001010": "Last episode we talked about data storage, how technologies like magnetic tape and hard", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00002-00001011-00001364": "disks can store millions, billions and trillions of bits of data, for long durations, even", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00003-00001365-00001465": "without power.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00004-00001465-00001852": "Which is perfect for recording “big blobs” of related data, what are more commonly called", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00005-00001852-00001964": "computer files.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00006-00001964-00002431": "You’ve no doubt encountered many types, like text files, music files, photos and videos.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00007-00002431-00002855": "Today, we’re going to talk about how files work, and how computers keep them all organized", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00008-00002855-00002996": "with File Systems.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00009-00002996-00003886": "INTRO", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00010-00003886-00004318": "It’s perfectly legal for a file to contain arbitrary, unformatted data, but it’s most", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00011-00004318-00004707": "useful and practical if the data inside the file is organized somehow.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00012-00004707-00004883": "This is called a file format.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00013-00004883-00005264": "You can invent your own, and programmers do that from time to time, but it’s usually", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00014-00005264-00005626": "best and easiest to use an existing standard, like JPEG and MP3.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00015-00005626-00005873": "Let’s look at some simple file formats.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00016-00005873-00006448": "The most straightforward are T-X-T files, which contain, surprise, text.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00017-00006448-00006836": "Like all computer files, this is just a huge list of numbers, stored as binary.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00018-00006836-00007300": "If we look at the raw values of a T-X-T file in storage, it would look something like this:", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00019-00007300-00007691": "We can view this as decimal numbers instead of binary, but that still doesn’t help us", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00020-00007691-00007791": "read the text.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00021-00007791-00008206": "The key to interpreting this data is knowing that T-X-T files use ASCII, a character encoding", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00022-00008206-00008455": "standard we discussed way back in Episode 4.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00023-00008455-00008998": "So, in ASCII, our first value, 72, maps to the capital letter H. And in this way, we", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00024-00008998-00009124": "decode the whole file.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00025-00009124-00009528": "Let’s look at a more complicated example: a WAVE File – also called a WAV – which", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00026-00009528-00009628": "stores audio.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00027-00009628-00010020": "Before we can correctly read the data, we need to know some information, like the bit", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00028-00010020-00010269": "rate and whether it’s a single track or stereo.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00029-00010269-00010537": "Data, about data, is called meta data.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00030-00010537-00010921": "This metadata is stored at the front of the file, ahead of any actual data, in what’s", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00031-00010921-00011026": "known as a Header.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00032-00011026-00011367": "Here’s what the first 44 bytes of a WAV file looks like.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00033-00011367-00011812": "Some parts are always the same, like where it spells out W-A-V-E.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00034-00011812-00012148": "Other parts contain numbers that change depending on the data contained within.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00035-00012148-00012616": "The audio data comes right behind the metadata, and it’s stored as a long list of numbers.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00036-00012616-00013054": "These values represent the amplitude of sound captured many times per second, and if you", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00037-00013054-00013482": "want a primer on sound, check out our video all about it in Crash Course Physics.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00038-00013483-00013611": "Link in the dobblydoo.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00039-00013611-00013981": "As an example, let’s look at a waveform of me saying: \"hello!\" Hello!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00040-00013981-00014306": "Now that we’ve captured some sound, let’s zoom into a little snippet.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00041-00014306-00014719": "A digital microphone, like the one in your computer or smartphone, samples the sound", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00042-00014719-00014878": "pressure thousands of times.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00043-00014878-00015119": "Each sample can be represented as a number.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00044-00015119-00015460": "Larger numbers mean higher sound pressure, what’s called amplitude.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00045-00015460-00015763": "And these numbers are exactly what gets stored in a WAVE file!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00046-00015763-00016018": "Thousands of amplitudes for every single second of audio!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00047-00016018-00016473": "When it’s time to play this file, an audio program needs to actuate the computer's speakers", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00048-00016474-00016712": "such that the original waveform is emitted.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00049-00016712-00016786": "“Hello!”", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00050-00016786-00017084": "So, now that you’re getting the hang of file formats, let’s talk about bitmaps or", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00051-00017084-00017305": "B-M-Ps, which store pictures.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00052-00017305-00017686": "On a computer, PICtures are made up of little tiny square ELements called pixels.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00053-00017686-00018048": "Each pixel is a combination of three colors: red, green and blue.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00054-00018048-00018362": "These are called additive primary colors, and they can be mixed together to create any", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00055-00018362-00018554": "other color on our electronic displays.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00056-00018554-00019048": "Now, just like WAV files, BMPs start with metadata, including key values like image", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00057-00019048-00019226": "width, image height, and color depth.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00058-00019226-00019729": "As an example, let’s say the metadata specified an image 4 pixels wide, by 4 pixels tall,", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00059-00019729-00020224": "with a 24-bit color depth - that’s 8-bits for red, 8-bits for green, and 8-bits for blue.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00060-00020224-00020504": "As a reminder, 8 bits is the same as one byte.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00061-00020504-00020886": "The smallest number a byte can store is 0, and the largest is 255.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00062-00020886-00021145": "Our image data is going to look something like this:", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00063-00021145-00021409": "Let’s look at the color of our first pixel.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00064-00021409-00021951": "It has 255 for its red value, 255 for green and 255 for blue.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00065-00021951-00022390": "This equates to full intensity red, full intensity green and full intensity blue.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00066-00022390-00022681": "These colors blend together on your computer monitor to become white.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00067-00022681-00022870": "So our first pixel is white!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00068-00022870-00023470": "The next pixel has a Red-Green-Blue, or RGB value of 255, 255, 0.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00069-00023470-00023604": "That’s the color yellow!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00070-00023604-00024274": "The pixel after that has a RGB value of 0,0,0 - that’s zero intensity everything, which is black.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00071-00024274-00024444": "And the next one is yellow.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00072-00024445-00024814": "Because the metadata specified this was a 4 by 4 image, we know that we’ve reached", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00073-00024815-00025019": "the end of our first row of pixels.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00074-00025019-00025230": "So, we need to drop down a row.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00075-00025230-00025697": "The next RGB value is 255,255,0 – yellow again.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00076-00025697-00026107": "Okay, let’s go ahead and read all the pixels in our 4x4 image… tada!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00077-00026107-00026280": "A very low resolution pac-man!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00078-00026280-00026758": "Obviously this is a simple example of a small image, but we could just as easily store this", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00079-00026758-00026895": "image in a BMP.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00080-00026895-00027288": "I want to emphasize again that it doesn’t matter if it’s a text file, WAV, BMP, or", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00081-00027288-00027552": "fancier formats we don’t have time to discuss, like ZIPs and PPTs.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00082-00027552-00028050": "Under the hood, they’re all the same: long lists of numbers, stored as binary, on a storage device.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00083-00028054-00028392": "File formats are the key to reading and understanding the data inside.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00084-00028392-00028714": "Now that you understand files a little better, let’s move on to how computers go about", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00085-00028714-00028822": "storing them.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00086-00028822-00029227": "Even though the underlying storage medium might be a strip of tape, a drum, a disk,", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00087-00029227-00029637": "or integrated circuits... hardware and software abstractions let us think of storage as a", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00088-00029637-00029869": "long line of little buckets that store values.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00089-00029869-00030306": "In the early days, when computers only performed one computation like calculating artillery", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00090-00030306-00030702": "range tables – the entire storage operated like one big file.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00091-00030702-00031132": "Data started at the beginning of storage, and then filled it up in order as output was", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00092-00031132-00031300": "produced, up to the storage capacity.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00093-00031300-00031768": "However, as computational power and storage capacity improved, it became possible, and", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00094-00031768-00032050": "useful, to store more than one file at a time.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00095-00032050-00032344": "The simplest option is to store files back-to-back.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00096-00032344-00032745": "This can work... but how does the computer know where files begin and end?", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00097-00032745-00033198": "Storage devices have no notion of files – they’re just a mechanism for storing lots of bits.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00098-00033199-00033758": "So, for this to work, we need to have a special file that records where other ones are located.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00099-00033758-00034093": "This goes by many names, but a good general term is Directory File.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00100-00034093-00034586": "Most often, it’s kept right at the front of storage, so we always know where to access it.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00101-00034586-00034752": "Location zero!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00102-00034752-00035088": "Inside the Directory File are the names of all the other files in storage.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00103-00035088-00035478": "In our example, they each have a name, followed by a period, and end with what’s called", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00104-00035478-00035797": "a File Extension, like “BMP” or “WAV”.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00105-00035797-00036141": "Those further assist programs in identifying file types.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00106-00036141-00036594": "The Directory File also stores metadata about these files, like when they were created and", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00107-00036594-00036994": "last modified, who the owner is, and if it can be read, written or both.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00108-00036994-00037422": "But most importantly, the directory file contains where these files begin in storage, and how", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00109-00037422-00037522": "long they are.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00110-00037522-00037963": "If we want to add a file, remove a file, change a filename, or similar, we have to update", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00111-00037963-00038146": "the information in the Directory File.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00112-00038146-00038578": "It’s like the Table of Contents in a book, if you make a chapter shorter, or move it", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00113-00038578-00039048": "somewhere else, you have to update the table of contents, otherwise the page numbers won’t match!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00114-00039048-00039522": "The Directory File, and the maintenance of it, is an example of a very basic File System,", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00115-00039523-00039956": "the part of an Operating System that manages and keep track of stored files.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00116-00039956-00040440": "This particular example is a called a Flat File System, because they’re all stored at one level.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00117-00040440-00040530": "It’s flat!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00118-00040530-00040863": "Of course, packing files together, back-to-back, is a bit of a problem, because if we want", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00119-00040863-00041306": "to add some data to let’s say “todo.txt”, there’s no room to do it without overwriting", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00120-00041306-00041506": "part of “carrie.bmp”.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00121-00041506-00041722": "So modern File Systems do two things.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00122-00041722-00041934": "First, they store files in blocks.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00123-00041934-00042269": "This leaves a little extra space for changes, called slack space.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00124-00042269-00042766": "It also means that all file data is aligned to a common size, which simplifies management.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00125-00042766-00043147": "In a scheme like this, our Directory File needs to keep track of what block each one", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00126-00043147-00043247": "is stored in.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00127-00043247-00043656": "The second thing File Systems do, is allow files to be broken up into chunks and stored", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00128-00043656-00043784": "across many blocks.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00129-00043784-00044200": "So let’s say we open “todo.txt”, and we add a few more items then the file becomes", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00130-00044200-00044421": "too big to be saved in its one block.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00131-00044421-00044802": "We don’t want to overwrite the neighboring one, so instead, the File System allocates", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00132-00044802-00045084": "an unused block, which can accommodate extra data.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00133-00045084-00045513": "With a File System scheme like this, the Directory File needs to store not just one block per", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00134-00045513-00045759": "file, but rather a list of blocks per file.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00135-00045759-00046216": "In this way, we can have files of variable sizes that can be easily expanded and shrunk,", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00136-00046216-00046471": "simply by allocating and deallocating blocks.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00137-00046471-00046928": "If you watched our episode on Operating Systems, this should sound a lot like Virtual Memory.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00138-00046928-00047100": "Conceptually it’s very similar!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00139-00047100-00047344": "Now let’s say we want to delete “carrie.bmp”.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00140-00047344-00047658": "To do that, we can simply remove the entry from the Directory File.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00141-00047658-00047915": "This, in turn, causes one block to become free.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00142-00047916-00048400": "Note that we didn’t actually erase the file’s data in storage, we just deleted the record of it.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00143-00048400-00048836": "At some point, that block will be overwritten with new data, but until then, it just sits there.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00144-00048836-00049268": "This is one way that computer forensic teams can “recover” data from computers even", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00145-00049270-00049542": "though people think it has been deleted. Crafty!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00146-00049544-00050000": "Ok, let’s say we add even more items to our todo list, which causes the File System", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00147-00050001-00050468": "to allocate yet another block to the file, in this case, recycling the block freed from", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00148-00050468-00050581": "carrie.bmp.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00149-00050581-00051062": "Now our “todo.txt” is stored across 3 blocks, spaced apart, and also out of order.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00150-00051062-00051405": "Files getting broken up across storage like this is called fragmentation.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00151-00051407-00051841": "It’s the inevitable byproduct of files being created, deleted and modified.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00152-00051842-00052142": "For many storage technologies, this is bad news.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00153-00052142-00052639": "On magnetic tape, reading todo.txt into memory would require seeking to block 1, then fast", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00154-00052640-00053038": "forwarding to block 5, and then rewinding to block 3 – that’s a lot of back and forth!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00155-00053040-00053482": "In real world File Systems, large files might be stored across hundreds of blocks, and you", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00156-00053482-00053726": "don’t want to have to wait five minutes for your files to open.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00157-00053726-00053962": "The answer is defragmentation!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00158-00053964-00054358": "That might sound like technobabble, but the process is really simple, and once upon a", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00159-00054358-00054582": "time it was really fun to watch!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00160-00054582-00055044": "The computer copies around data so that files have blocks located together in storage and", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00161-00055044-00055152": "in the right order.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00162-00055152-00055641": "After we’ve defragged, we can read our todo file, now located in blocks 1 through 3, in", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00163-00055641-00055788": "a single, quick read pass.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00164-00055788-00056193": "So far, we’ve only been talking about Flat File Systems, where they’re all stored in", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00165-00056193-00056313": "one directory.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00166-00056313-00056701": "This worked ok when computers only had a little bit of storage, and you might only have a", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00167-00056701-00056832": "dozen or so files.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00168-00056832-00057319": "But as storage capacity exploded, like we discussed last episode, so did the number", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00169-00057319-00057436": "of files on computers.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00170-00057436-00057870": "Very quickly, it became impractical to store all files together at one level.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00171-00057870-00058276": "Just like documents in the real world, it’s handy to store related files together in folders.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00172-00058276-00058633": "Then we can put connected folders into folders, and so on.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00173-00058633-00059101": "This is a Hierarchical File System, and its what your computer uses.There are a variety", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00174-00059101-00059425": "of ways to implement this, but let’s stick with the File System example we’ve been", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00175-00059425-00059605": "using to convey the main idea.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00176-00059605-00060000": "The biggest change is that our Directory File needs to be able to point not just to files,", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00177-00060000-00060147": "but also other directories.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00178-00060147-00060585": "To keep track of what’s a file and what’s a directory, we need some extra metadata.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00179-00060585-00060994": "This Directory File is the top-most one, known as the Root Directory.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00180-00060994-00061463": "All other files and folders lie beneath this directory along various file paths.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00181-00061463-00061973": "We can see inside of our “Root” Directory File that we have 3 files and 2 subdirectories:", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00182-00061973-00062117": "music and photos.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00183-00062117-00062513": "If we want to see what’s stored in our music directory, we have to go to that block and", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00184-00062513-00062945": "read the Directory File located there; the format is the same as our root directory.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00185-00062945-00063129": "There’s a lot of great songs in there!", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00186-00063129-00063574": "In addition to being able to create hierarchies of unlimited depth, this method also allows", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00187-00063574-00063775": "us to easily move around files.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00188-00063775-00064229": "So, if we wanted to move “theme.wav” from our root directory to the music directory,", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00189-00064229-00064486": "we don’t have to re-arrange any blocks of data.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00190-00064486-00065044": "We can simply modify the two Directory Files, removing an entry from one and adding it to another.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00191-00065052-00065341": "Importantly, the theme.wav file stays in block 5.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00192-00065341-00065692": "So that’s a quick overview of the key principles of File Systems.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00193-00065692-00066660": "They provide yet another way to move up a new level of abstraction.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00194-00066660-00067126": "File systems allow us to hide the raw bits stored on magnetic tape, spinning disks and", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00195-00067126-00067598": "the like, and they let us think of data as neatly organized and easily accessible files.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00196-00067598-00068082": "We even started talking about users, not programmers, manipulating data, like opening files and", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00197-00068082-00068482": "organizing them, foreshadowing where the series will be going in a few episodes.", "kB8-YTfUdvE-00198-00068482-00068614": "I’ll see  you next week."}}, {"audio_id": "kBUlmVrNCyo", "text": {"kBUlmVrNCyo-00000-00000441-00000618": "Well,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00001-00000618-00000832": "projects are a backdrop for", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00002-00001053-00001391": "channeling the purpose of the Holy Spirit.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00003-00001445-00001864": "So, if you look at the problem and you start to realize there are no", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00004-00001919-00002119": "specific problems there's no", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00005-00002130-00002591": "environmental problems, relationship problems, health issues. There's just no", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00006-00002658-00003154": "specific problems but cracked or distorted perception is the problem.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00007-00003213-00003713": "What did they say in the Bible,  \"you, you look through a darkened glass.\" It says in Corinthians.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00008-00003792-00004387": "That's a problem looking through a darkened glass. You can't really see none of us can see when we're looking through a darkened glass.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00009-00004449-00004649": "So if, if", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00010-00004713-00005122": "distorted or fragmented perception is the problem, then what is it", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00011-00005223-00005879": "that will stabilize that distorted perception, that will clear away that darkened glass?", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00012-00006012-00006212": "Jesus says,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00013-00006336-00006758": "\"Only a,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00014-00006770-00006970": "single purpose", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00015-00007007-00007213": "can unify perception.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00016-00007328-00007939": "Only a single purpose can unify perception.\" So we have this purpose in it, you could call it forgiveness,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00017-00007977-00008621": "you can call it atonement, you can call it the miracle, you can call it one single intention,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00018-00008621-00009014": "you can call it anything you want, but this one single purpose", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00019-00009174-00009389": "exercised, practiced, used,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00020-00009456-00009632": "done through,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00021-00009632-00009895": "will unify perception. So,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00022-00009971-00010246": "when we seem to have projects and tasks", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00023-00010328-00010528": "well, let's take a look at that.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00024-00010578-00011224": "That would have to be the purpose behind the projects and the tasks- to unify perception.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00025-00011313-00011551": "What would be the purpose of doing the dishes?", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00026-00011688-00012485": "To be done through so perfectly by the Holy Spirit, or building something, or repairing something, or teaching something, or", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00027-00012515-00012715": "singing, or dancing, or whatever", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00028-00012756-00013181": "the form was. The purpose would have to be forgiveness, the unified perception", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00029-00013263-00013949": "to unify all of perception and to be totally done through until there is no doer and you are simply", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00030-00014041-00014241": "aware that you are a being.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00031-00014278-00014404": "So,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00032-00014404-00014681": "for me that was, that's been my whole life", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00033-00014752-00014905": "you know, I", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00034-00014905-00015588": "seem to have skills and abilities that were developed in an ego context and then I gave them over to the Holy Spirit.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00035-00015652-00015852": "I was shy,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00036-00015862-00016054": "I was a loner,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00037-00016054-00016370": "I was not a social butterfly in any sense of the word.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00038-00016416-00016893": "I, I had a great hesitation around speaking and communication.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00039-00016893-00017415": "I was on a job many years ago where they did a job evaluation", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00040-00017479-00017940": "and I was so unworthy and uncertain of myself that oftentimes", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00041-00018010-00018290": "when I was talking to my superiors or whatever", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00042-00018346-00018624": "my words would drift off into a mumble.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00043-00018624-00019036": "I actually mumbled. I would start off with a sentence then I would mumble.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00044-00019060-00019444": "And then I would get an evaluation back and it said, \"David eats his words.\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00045-00019564-00019952": "Cause I was so uncertain I would mumble and, and", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00046-00020059-00020411": "so speaking was not exactly a strength.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00047-00020412-00020599": "I never went to Toastmasters.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00048-00020599-00021242": "But it was not a strength at all and neither was public speaking or any of those kind of things,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00049-00021289-00021390": "but again,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00050-00021390-00021996": "I, I was willing to give everything over to the Holy Spirit to use for this single unified purpose,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00051-00022015-00022515": "and that's what the projects are about and of themselves, it doesn't mean anything.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00052-00022543-00023120": "Sometimes I can go to a monastery or convent and even before I go through the gates I can feel,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00053-00023266-00023466": "feel telepathically", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00054-00023506-00023754": "whether there's great depth there", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00055-00023779-00024395": "or whether there's a lot of people pleasing and busyness all for the sake of rules and regulations and whatever", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00056-00024460-00024668": "because I can feel the presence", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00057-00024775-00025200": "before I actually go into the convent or the monastery because it's the purpose", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00058-00025252-00025583": "underneath those doings that means everything.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00059-00025672-00026132": "And you know how the ego works, it can get you real busy in to much ado about nothing.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00060-00026218-00026732": "Where it's almost like you're just doing it because I told you so, because it has to be done,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00061-00026769-00026984": "you know for all the reasons, you know,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00062-00027066-00027491": "that, that are given. And then there's this sense of presence where,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00063-00027603-00027803": "where there's such a flow,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00064-00027912-00028379": "kind of like that movie, You Can't Take it With You, with Grandpa's house, you know where everybody,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00065-00028434-00029099": "one guys making fireworks in the basement, one lady's writing and using the little kitten, you know, as a paperweight", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00066-00029155-00029544": "typing, and one's doing ballet and dancing, and one's playing the xylophone,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00067-00029559-00030089": "it's a great movie with Jimmy Stewart and Lionel Barrymore, but, but they're all in a state of", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00068-00030169-00030569": "being done through and there's great joy in the house.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00069-00030631-00030878": "You could go down the street to a monastery where they're", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00070-00030937-00031113": "making cheese,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00071-00031113-00031313": "or, you know,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00072-00031318-00031589": "sweeping and doing these things and if it's just ritual", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00073-00031648-00032139": "the ego loves ritual for ritual sake there's no inspiration behind ritual.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00074-00032220-00032912": "Even the Course is just a it's a brief ritual with the, with the workbook, and he's asking you to springboard off that and", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00075-00032956-00033432": "henceforth hear only the voice for God that the voice for God direct you in all subsequent learning.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00076-00033456-00034139": "It's not meant to keep you in ritual. It's meant to free you from ritual so you could be totally spontaneous.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00077-00034308-00034652": "How does the advanced teacher of God spend his day?", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00078-00034720-00035422": "Is a question for Jesus. And Jesus says, \"To the advanced teacher of God this question is superfluous.\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00079-00035596-00035975": "You don't even have a thought in your mind about how you're gonna spend the day.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00080-00035975-00036455": "You're just into joy, of just whooshing through you, you know, and you're not thinking", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00081-00036520-00036830": "okay, this, this, this, this. And as for", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00082-00036840-00037508": "you know, like, the beginning of Carey's question was like sometimes it gets depressing to think of doing the things you're doing", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00083-00037536-00037768": "if you push them out over the timeline,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00084-00037846-00038483": "I, I had a day the other day was several days ago where somebody was saying, you know, I can't wait till I'm", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00085-00038550-00039002": "where David is or I want to be a messenger of peace so I can have easy street and", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00086-00039052-00039517": "just sit around and sip tea and sit in the hot tub all day and", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00087-00039546-00040186": "just look at the cloud patterns go by and smile and laugh and, and I think that was one of my days where I a", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00088-00040260-00040624": "typical day like I've had in that week where I was having like", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00089-00040715-00040838": "14-hour", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00090-00040838-00041425": "days where I would get up and I'd be sucked into my communication function with Skype calls,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00091-00041591-00041711": "correspondences,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00092-00041711-00042241": "going around meeting, people seeing people and then, and then like 14 hours later", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00093-00042353-00042739": "just kicking back and throwing my shoes off and going, \"Ah.\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00094-00042824-00043363": "But it wasn't a tired \"ah\". It was just like oh, yeah, I just was", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00095-00043424-00043669": "being done through for 14 hours.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00096-00043760-00044374": "Like a whirling dervish and yet feeling energized by it, not feeling fatigued", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00097-00044405-00044605": "at all by those 14 hours.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00098-00044654-00044854": "More like the Nestea plunge, ahhh, wishcho", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00099-00045125-00045364": "Back into the water, you know, because", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00100-00045437-00046069": "the whole point's to be done through. It's not, it's not to think, I need do nothing is talking about", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00101-00046172-00046372": "the form.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00102-00046406-00046537": "Oh, that's a sneaky one,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00103-00046537-00047020": "you know, the ego can get you and I need do nothing and then after a while you start to feel bored,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00104-00047099-00047252": "lazy,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00105-00047252-00047773": "lethargic, you know, and you know that the ego has slipped another mickey in the drink, you know,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00106-00047796-00048480": "and, and you didn't even know it, you like, I'm gonna be on easy street today, I'm gonna do nothing.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00107-00049038-00049208": "Where's the joy?", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00108-00049208-00049816": "Where's joy? Let's have some joy, you know, because you're trying to do the ego is trying to do nothing.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00109-00049908-00050081": "Miracles are involuntary.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00110-00050081-00050683": "You know, it doesn't mean anything to you. If you're not in the joy, if you're not truly,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00111-00050747-00051388": "you know, coursed through by the Spirit. So yeah, so that's, that's what", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00112-00051440-00051958": "the projects are for that, they're only for one thing and that's for unifying perception.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00113-00052034-00052459": "And there's one part in the Course where Jesus says, \"You can use the body", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00114-00052554-00053110": "with the Holy Spirit to expand your perception.\" I love that.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00115-00053211-00053554": "Imagine somebody says to you sweep the floor. Okay.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00116-00053607-00054037": "And then you tell yourself, \"Oh gonna expand my perception.\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00117-00054091-00054272": "That's the truth.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00118-00054272-00054898": "That's the Holy Spirit speaking to you. Not, \"Yeah, I get this, sweeps them under the rug, see if they can see that.\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00119-00054898-00055244": "here's if they can see that no, it's it's very", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00120-00055299-00055907": "It's very different. The ego is devious and the Holy Spirit's like yeah expand your perception.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00121-00055958-00056158": "I remember one time I was in", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00122-00056172-00056836": "Denver, Colorado at a spiritual group called, with this group, called A School of Innocence and,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00123-00056976-00057310": "and, uh one of the people in the community Joshua", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00124-00057372-00057872": "was told by somebody there that he had to go out and rake the leaves in the backyard", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00125-00057951-00058283": "and he was raking the leaves all right, but not like Ben, Ben's", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00126-00058353-00058576": "famous time where he was here at the monastery", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00127-00058580-00059102": "and I don't know who told you to go out, was Lisa or somebody told you to go rake the leaves and", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00128-00059163-00059876": "Ben had long hair like Moses and he had this big flowing robe on like Moses", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00129-00059930-00060185": "and somebody here at the monastery had told him to go rake the leaves", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00130-00060234-00060647": "it was like a 45 mile an hour wind outside", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00131-00060696-00061063": "and Ben grabbed that rake and I swear I was right here in this room,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00132-00061064-00061721": "and I was looking right out this window with Lisa, Lisa was right there, and we looked out and we were,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00133-00061797-00062131": "\"That's inspiring.\" Because Ben was out there", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00134-00062187-00062291": "dancing in the wind", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00135-00062291-00062947": "he looked like Gene Kelly with this rake and he was raking and, I mean, the leaves were blowing all over the place", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00136-00062979-00063655": "and he, he wasn't literally raking the leaves for, to get them in a pile or anything, because he couldn't get his", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00137-00063675-00064127": "rake on them, but he was like dancing away and his hair was blowing in the wind,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00138-00064127-00064502": "this is back in those, before you had clean shaven, you had the long", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00139-00064554-00065158": "Moses hair and the big Moses robe and all the shiny, sparkly things on it. And he was so happy and", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00140-00065244-00065596": "Lisa's like, \"All glory to God. Praise Sweet Jesus.\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00141-00065597-00066251": "You know, and to me that was just a clear example of the miracle because you said, \"Yes!\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00142-00066279-00066863": "To rake those leaves and damn if you could even rake a leaf because it was blowing all over.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00143-00066863-00067522": "Now let's get back to my story with Denver. Like this is the opposite of that. I remember looking out there and", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00144-00067605-00068089": "Joshua was pissed. He was pissed, he was angry.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00145-00068175-00068689": "And I remember going outside and walking up to him and he's raking the leaves and he's really,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00146-00068781-00069463": "really angry. Every motion was anger, anger, anger. And so I said, \"Well stop for a minute Let's just talk.\" and everything. And", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00147-00069681-00069961": "he said to me, it's kind of the same thing along the line of,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00148-00070026-00070240": "Chris's question about what's the purpose. He said,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00149-00070317-00070607": "\"What does raking leaves have to do with enlightenment?\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00150-00070800-00071363": "And I said, \"That's a really good question, let's put the rake down and let's", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00151-00071460-00072089": "explore that. What does raking leaves have to do with enlightenment?\" I said, \"This is really good.\" I said,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00152-00072089-00072164": "\"Now,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00153-00072164-00072373": "how are you feeling now?\" He said, \"I am very", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00154-00072438-00072790": "angry.\" And I said, \"Well, what do you think's going on?\" He said, \"Well,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00155-00072932-00073483": "this so-and-so told me to rake the leaves. I don't want to rake the leaves. I'm not inspired to rake the leaves.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00156-00073483-00073753": "I don't see the value in raking the leaves.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00157-00073800-00074305": "I'm angry at this person for telling me and bossing me around and", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00158-00074406-00074726": "I'd rather be doing anything else but raking the leaves.\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00159-00074802-00075180": "I said, \"Okay from all that we can deduce that you're upset.\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00160-00075314-00075622": "And he said \"Yes.\" I said, \"Okay, now", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00161-00075756-00075956": "what does upset", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00162-00075960-00076463": "have to do with enlightenment? Let's take it away from, what does the raking the leaves have to do with enlightenment,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00163-00076463-00076822": "let's just look at your state of mind. What does upset have to do with enlightenment?\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00164-00076911-00077111": "And he said, \"It, it doesn't", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00165-00077199-00077399": "have anything to do with enlightenment.\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00166-00077495-00077695": "And I said, \"So", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00167-00077805-00078160": "why do you think you're upset then? If you came here,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00168-00078161-00078599": "what, what was the purpose did you, why did you come to this community?\" He said, \"I came here for enlightenment.\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00169-00078669-00079195": "I said, \"But now you're upset.\" He said, \"Yeah, I'm upset.\" \"But you came here for enlightenment, and now you're upset.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00170-00079296-00080052": "So you're not in the purpose for which you came?\" He said, \"Yeah, that's right.\" I said, \"Why is that?\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00171-00080118-00080626": "He said, \"I don't know.\" I said, \"Well, can you see that, that purpose is a choice?", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00172-00080684-00080914": "Did you have a choice of your state of mind", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00173-00080985-00081506": "regardless of what you're doing.\" And he said, \"Yeah, I can see that.\" \"So why are you choosing to be upset?\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00174-00081594-00081869": "\"Well because they told me I had to rake the leaves.\" I said,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00175-00082032-00082753": "\"So you believe there's somebody outside of you, somebody not you, told you, you have to do something that you don't want to do.\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00176-00082802-00083233": "He said, \"Yeah, that's it.\" I said, \"What's that have to do with enlightenment?\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00177-00083432-00083845": "He said, \"I don't, I guess nothing.\" I said, \"Well, why are you choosing it?\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00178-00084060-00084428": "\"I don't know.\" I said, \"How did you get here?\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00179-00084518-00084894": "I said, \"Did somebody twist your arm come down to Louisiana and, like,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00180-00084914-00085378": "put, pushed your arm behind your back and say you've got to go to Denver to get enlightened?\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00181-00085461-00085712": "\"No.\" I said, \"Did you come here voluntarily?\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00182-00085802-00086281": "He said, \"Yeah.\" I said, \"So you're here voluntarily, nobody made you come?\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00183-00086379-00086505": "\"That's right.\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00184-00086505-00086664": "\"So you're here voluntarily?\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00185-00086664-00086992": "\"Yeah, that's right.\" \"And your purpose of coming is for enlightenment?\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00186-00087044-00087355": "\"Yes, that's right.\" \"And now you're upset?\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00187-00087594-00087794": "\"Yeah.\" \"Oh,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00188-00087843-00088475": "why, are you choosing to be upset?\" \"Well, they, they told me I had to rake the leaves.\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00189-00088698-00088909": "This who's on first, what's on second,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00190-00088916-00089507": "I don't know is on third, you know, it's no amount of evidence will convince you of what you do not want.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00191-00089586-00089801": "It's the purpose you bring with you,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00192-00089892-00090565": "it's the purpose in mind that you bring to the projects that you bring to the whatever you're doing, that's everything.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00193-00090566-00091102": "That's your decision. It's not that the world happens to you in some kind of accidental", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00194-00091102-00091477": "oh, I happen to have a bad day because this happened to me and this, and this, and this.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00195-00091536-00091799": "You know, remember the, the", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00196-00091863-00092164": "workbook lesson myself, capital Self, is ruler of the universe.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00197-00092268-00092364": "It is", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00198-00092364-00093109": "impossible that anything should come to me and bidden my, by myself even in this world it is I who rule my destiny.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00199-00093152-00093682": "What happens is what I desire; and what does not occur is what I do not want to happen.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00200-00093741-00094096": "Okay, you don't need a whole course of miracles. You can just use that one", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00201-00094185-00094382": "phrase, that,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00202-00094382-00095011": "myself is ruler of the universe. The power of decision, lesson 152, the power of decision is my own.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00203-00095012-00095710": "He says, \"You may believe that this is too all-encompassing to be the truth.\" Jesus says.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00204-00095835-00096179": "The power of decision is my own. \"But, he says,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00205-00096339-00096539": "\"Truth has no exceptions.\"", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00206-00096630-00096830": "Indeed, that's exactly the way it is,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00207-00096882-00097453": "everything that seems to happen to me I ask for and receive as I've asked. And there are no exceptions,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00208-00097532-00098311": "ever, ever, ever. So, this is where we're zooming in to enlightenment where we start to take the empowering", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00209-00098373-00099082": "journey, and seeing how powerful our mind is the power of decisions and we don't try to let ourselves get snagged into", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00210-00099128-00099652": "this idea that we're just raking leaves, or just doing the dishes,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00211-00099696-00100346": "or just chopping the celery, or whatever, which the ego would have us freeze into", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00212-00100416-00100932": "because why? Because that's littleness and the ego wants us to be content", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00213-00101022-00101714": "with littleness and just leave it at that. Just stay guilty and little. And, and a unified purpose lifts us up", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00214-00101790-00102259": "higher and higher and higher into a state of the celestial glory,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00215-00102260-00102752": "you know, to, to a level of mind, which we see is all", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00216-00102825-00102966": "encompassing.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00217-00102966-00103168": "So it's never about the project.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00218-00103299-00103580": "It's more about the motive. What's the motive?", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00219-00103647-00103955": "With what is it for? What's the motive for the project? And for me,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00220-00103965-00104465": "that's the best thing in my life is, it doesn't matter if I have 50 emails,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00221-00104609-00104809": "the number doesn't matter,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00222-00104850-00105436": "uh, I just pray and if I'm guided to pick out two or three and respond to those", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00223-00105540-00106081": "then that's everything. And I've never felt a sense of coercion. I've never felt a sense of duty.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00224-00106233-00106565": "It's, It's not fun to feel that you have a duty", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00225-00106674-00107240": "to serve the Holy Spirit, you know, an obligation. Oh, I'm gonna,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00226-00107292-00107563": "I'm gonna have a day serving the Holy Spirit. I'm obligated,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00227-00107718-00108056": "uh, to the Holy Spirit today, you know, where's the fun", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00228-00108120-00108661": "in that. I, I would always say what the Holy Spirit wants for me is for me to be happy", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00229-00108747-00109420": "to me, for me, to be inspired, for me to experience myself as I truly am and not to", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00230-00109455-00110212": "hold on to this idea of what David wants, what David wants, what Da-David doesn't want. That's going to get me nowhere.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00231-00110292-00110551": "Most of the tasks that I did at the very beginning, uh,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00232-00110706-00111013": "even ones that, that the Holy Spirit would,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00233-00111099-00111704": "would ask me to do- talk to somebody, or call somebody, and do this, in this. I had trepidation and", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00234-00111744-00112208": "fear and doubt at the beginning because it was so out of pattern for the way", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00235-00112208-00112768": "I was living my life and yet I still followed and I felt bursts of joy after I got off the phone,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00236-00112845-00113045": "after I visited somebody in the hospital,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00237-00113100-00113344": "made a, paid a visit to their house. I was just", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00238-00113424-00113589": "swelling with joy.", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00239-00113589-00113993": "Because I listened and followed even when the ego was saying \"Don't do it,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00240-00114057-00114647": "don't do it. Stop. You're gonna lose your autonomy. You're gonna lose your individuality if you keep", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00241-00114714-00115280": "following in, that little voice.\" I just kept at it. No, I like tell me - I like that joy", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00242-00115280-00115907": "I like that feeling so I have one more that feeling of joy, and so I,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00243-00115958-00116158": "I lost myself in that,", "kBUlmVrNCyo-00244-00116256-00116819": "uh joy, I lost my ego you could say, not my true self, but in that experience."}}, {"audio_id": "kC-D3wP1YKy", "text": {"kC-D3wP1YKy-00000-00000000-00000050": "Santa Cruz Bronson Long Term Review", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00001-00000050-00000100": "Welcome to the channel new and old viewers.  Today, we'll be doing a long-term review of the 2019 Bronson", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00002-00000100-00000624": "Welcome to the channel new and old viewers today. We'll be doing a long-term review of the 2019 Bronson", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00003-00000639-00001313": "we're in DuPont forest with my buddy Seth to test the cornering agility and climbing of the Bronson the", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00004-00001324-00001955": "S Plus build comes with a Fox 36 fork RockShox deluxe rear shock code R brakes", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00005-00002017-00002729": "35 millimeter wide rims with 2.6 tires. I have upgraded my rear wheel and both front and rear tires", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00006-00002730-00002930": "I think push core to the rear as well", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00007-00003130-00003329": "Don't let me down", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00008-00004033-00004596": "The new linkage is amazing running a stiff tree of shock allows you to feel very little pedal Bob and", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00009-00004603-00004892": "Still take big hits with a medium rebound setup", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00010-00004893-00005523": "This may not seem like a steep climb, but it's sandy and slick. The bike is holding traction, and I'm keeping up with Seth", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00011-00007245-00007464": "I've seen somebody rock roll and dropped a flat here", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00012-00007552-00007752": "So he's gonna ride", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00013-00007783-00008183": "Up through this which is wild but like you see this opening here", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00014-00008980-00009180": "You made it you made it", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00015-00009313-00009608": "Yeah, yeah you smashed into this the end of that knuckle right there", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00016-00009609-00010002": "So like that was like that was a cush core move there. I didn't I didn't dig my rim, though", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00017-00010002-00010202": "It was just a hard hit", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00018-00010210-00010410": "I've definitely read the trail before", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00019-00010591-00010832": "Yeah, I'm not gonna have any like amazing lines", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00020-00010885-00011136": "I think you're really going to purr fast having a good time", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00021-00011191-00011651": "Let's hop on the trail and see if we can keep up with a hack himself. Don't touch the brakes", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00022-00011757-00011957": "That was nice", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00023-00012334-00012771": "So is the Bronson playful even on a not aggressive trail", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00024-00012771-00013488": "I would say so I feel like the Bronson allows you to take on anything really from", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00025-00013576-00014138": "Basic trails like this is a flow trail. What I do is I go ahead and step up my tire pressure to 35 psi", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00026-00014138-00014708": "And it seems to work just fine as far as it stiffing up the feel the bike on the trail. I", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00027-00014776-00015063": "Know that the Bronx can handle all kinds of park life. I've been there", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00028-00015063-00015190": "We've all seen the brachot all that stuff", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00029-00015190-00015656": "But the biggest complaint that I get or question is like all is it too big for the trail bowl?", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00030-00015656-00015887": "I don't want to push the bike up the hill. Oh", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00031-00016078-00016569": "It's too heavy or it's - relax - the geometries - relaxed and well", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00032-00016636-00017180": "It does everything for me. I've climbed all the clubs in Pisgah on it. I've done all the descents on it", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00033-00017188-00017388": "I've written in Georgia, Alabama", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00034-00017448-00017569": "Tennessee", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00035-00017569-00017769": "South Carolina, Florida", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00036-00017812-00018125": "So I have done it all so I do think it's a do all bike", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00037-00018433-00018633": "Turn", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00038-00018850-00019610": "Very good Ripper man. Yeah here so it's my turn to get out front left his bike blazed the trail to the bottom for us", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00039-00021561-00021974": "One of the things on the bike that I do feel like is lacking is definitely going to be", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00040-00021993-00022585": "I have some gear slippage and everybody sells me. It's the long caged derailleur. That's the issue", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00041-00022680-00023315": "I think everybody kind of our own just really had some issues with shifting from Mena shifting properly or stepping on a heavy gear", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00042-00023373-00023593": "Shifting when I'm going up hill right now", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00043-00023594-00023935": "It's gonna be a cassette issue, but it seems the arocs when I go to a shop", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00044-00023937-00024398": "Everybody's got the idea of oh just buy this or just replace this or buy this upgrade", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00045-00024398-00024931": "It'll make it better. And after a few rides I continue to have shifting problems. No matter what I do", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00046-00024963-00025163": "So I just kind of deal with it", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00047-00025248-00025777": "Is the Bronson nimble enough to take on flow trails and toss it around? I think so", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00048-00025777-00026054": "I think the Bronson being a twenty seven five", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00049-00026120-00026758": "Allows you to be more nimble with the bike where maybe it's a little bit larger go bike for basic trails", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00050-00026775-00027116": "But with the twenty seven five allows you to throw and run it be really playful", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00051-00027132-00027574": "So I really enjoy that part of the Bronson I can take it everywhere. I do everything", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00052-00027579-00028234": "I've done dirt jumps on it. I've done doubles. I've done down little courses on it I've done", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00053-00028311-00028907": "Park runs on it. I've done greenways on it. I've done multi permit pass on it. So", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00054-00028970-00029612": "I'm a pretty firm believer that the Bronson is a good all-around bike for everything if you want to have one bike", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00055-00029612-00029852": "I think a trail bike is the way to go", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00056-00029931-00030383": "Because you can go anywhere honor you do it any way that shows up you can go do riding with them and the bike will", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00057-00030383-00030742": "Take care. You don't want to be under gunned is what I'm always worried about", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00058-00030743-00031120": "I don't want to go to do do something that my bike can't handle it because I don't have enough", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00059-00031152-00031489": "suspension or the bike just isn't aggressive enough for me to", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00060-00031560-00031889": "Do that without crashing or like really getting hurt or really rolling the dice", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00061-00031947-00032270": "So what I have is an S Plus build the S Plus build", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00062-00032289-00032905": "means that you have a wider set of rims from 30 millimeter to 35 and it tires you get stock are going to be", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00063-00032973-00033173": "2.6 s versus 2.5 s", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00064-00033213-00033505": "Which is the exact type of riding that I want to do", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00065-00033506-00033898": "I want a wider rim for a better track pattern on the tire out of the ground", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00066-00033960-00034095": "I", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00067-00034095-00034378": "Also want a bigger tire", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00068-00034471-00034915": "So that I have more traction on there a little bit of I consider a little bit of suspensions", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00069-00034915-00035248": "It's give and taking the tires that big so the combination just makes sense", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00070-00035248-00035665": "It's the exact same price as getting a plus build versus not plus build", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00071-00035669-00036016": "but then you get the wider rim just wish all the aftermarket stuff is going to", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00072-00036029-00036517": "Every part of cycling is going to a wider a trim. So anybody looking to buy on Santa Cruz make sure you buy a plus-size", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00073-00036596-00036898": "Build and give you the wider rims off the start. I", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00074-00037151-00037627": "Hope this video gave you some insight about what the brunson can do as far as it being an all-around bike", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00075-00037640-00037838": "That can do just about everything", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00076-00037838-00038119": "It's a safe bet for getting a bike that can do everything", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00077-00038119-00038827": "If you're looking to do a full spectrum of mountain biking if you're not looking to go to park or ride big features or temp", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00078-00038827-00039295": "20 foot jumps maybe the Bronston isn't the best idea for you and maybe like the 50 10 or something", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00079-00039295-00039985": "That's more XC related. But I also think that the 50 10 is something you could probably run and I'd probably push limits", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00080-00039986-00040558": "So that's 130 millimeters of travel which can get you in trouble real fast, depending on how fast you're going over some features", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00081-00042124-00042519": "After having this bike for almost a year going to every park in the southeast", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00082-00042519-00043113": "This black is held up super well, I've also had to replace the cranks the chain the derailleur", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00083-00043113-00043661": "But I also crashed a lot. My next step is gonna have to be getting this cassette changed. What cassette do you use?", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00084-00043662-00044100": "What do you recommend? I'm pretty cheap. So I'm probably trying to find a deal whatever is on sale", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00085-00044137-00044576": "Would you consider the Bronson a do all bike let me know in the comments below?", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00086-00044590-00044942": "Thank you for checking out my review big shots all my patreon supporters", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00087-00044992-00045425": "Appreciate what you guys do and thank you to all my subscribers here on YouTube", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00088-00045433-00045866": "And if you're not subscribed go ahead and hit the subscribe button you like the content", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00089-00045886-00046140": "I'll try to get more and more stuff out for you guys and", "kC-D3wP1YKy-00090-00046189-00046521": "Last but not least paddle a little harder and don't touch the brakes"}}, {"audio_id": "kCe6b0Z96n4", "text": {"kCe6b0Z96n4-00000-00000000-00000200": "In life, you should know you can take a donkey to the river but you can not force the donkey to drink the water."}}, {"audio_id": "kDT7ATwGjWU", "text": {"kDT7ATwGjWU-00000-00000000-00001481": "What the hell is going on ? Garou stole Saitama's power and repeated his series of normal punches. Will he be able to copy his Serious blow, And will it be as strong as we are now", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00001-00001481-00003107": "we will discuss this with you. Hello Friends, this is a review of the last 210 chapters of the manga One Punch Man  to watch the voice acting with sound effects and cool music, click on the hint.", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00002-00003107-00004251": "But before I start, I want to thank Anime Festa for the huge support on Boosters, a link to his YouTube channel as well as to my Busti will be in the description.", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00003-00004251-00005420": "And so, back to the Manga. The city reaches the flow of all energies and the behavior of all forces in the universe, which suggests that it can copy any techniques and", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00004-00005420-00006733": "the blows of his opponents, which he does, repeats a series of ordinary blows of the Site we. Did Garou manage to copy the force of the blow as well? yes, at least he is able to copy", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00005-00006733-00008208": "the usual blows of Saitama, but about the serious ones, I can't say yet. But one thing we know for sure, Saitama and Garou staged a nuclear war, because the explosions are so powerful", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00006-00008208-00009659": "that shake the earth. We are shown Psaikos, which is not surprising, because \" SPOILERS \" after all, she also survived in the webcomic, and after that, Tatsumaki even decided to finish her off, only Saitama", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00007-00009659-00010783": "and Fubuki saved her from this fate, but that's not what we're talking about, and so, she noticed that the power that Garou uses is \"Divine\", but will we see Psaikos again", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00008-00010783-00012145": "in battle, well, on this field, it is very unlikely, but on wheat, it is possible.  Dad, okay, I'm such a joker, I won't joke like that anymore. Okay, after the exchange of blows", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00009-00012145-00013321": "Saitama and Garou fell into the water, but then immediately flew into the air. We see how Saitama closed his nose, obviously, so as not to suffocate under the water, but you and I know that he", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00010-00013321-00014623": "can breathe underwater. You will say that this has never happened anywhere and it is impossible, and I will answer you that Saitama can get used to any environment that we were shown in the battle against the Orochi,", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00011-00014623-00016001": "when Saitama took a magma bath, so here's the answer. He takes his hand away, looks at it, and as if he saw his blood, as if he had received damage from Garou, and says this.", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00012-00016001-00016435": "Saitama: Damn, man, I promised the kid that I wouldn't get a scratch.", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00013-00016435-00017684": "So Saitama got a scratch to Garou? Damn, yes! probably yes, but I don't want to believe it. I don't even want to see how Garou gives at least some damage to Sites, even though I", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00014-00017684-00018893": "I love Gaara, but if Saitama gets damage from someone, I think many people will lose interest in anime, because that's the whole trick of Saitama, that no one is even able to hurt him.", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00015-00018893-00020117": "Well, in the final, I'm not against the appearance of a Monster God or someone else with whom the Sites will have to fight in earnest. That's when you can hurt Saitama, and break a couple of knuckles, but", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00016-00020117-00021540": "until then, please, don't spoil everything. So if the Sites didn't take damage from the Garrow, then what? This is water that accidentally got into his nose, that's it, period. Bubububu, I can't hear you.", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00017-00021540-00022732": "I know that you will write in the comments that this is utter nonsense, but I also know that there will be people who will agree with me. And so, Garowe used a Gamma-ray burst,", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00018-00022732-00023916": "Gamma explosion is the energy released by a dying star, and the most destructive explosion in the universe, which sent Saitama to Mars, the moon, Jupiter, Saturn, etc", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00019-00023916-00025125": "And so, they show us a Cute mask that came up to Flash and Monaco, and asks Flash what kind of monster is with him, to which Flash replies that he just found an exotic animal", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00020-00025125-00026466": "which can be used as a flashlight, poor Monaco was scared. I think she'll be fine. Most likely, Saitama will take her home, well, or Flash to use her, like a flashlight.", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00021-00026466-00028306": "In the webcomic One, Saitama took the black sperm and the Dog Orochi to his home, and here we have both the black sperm, the dog, and Monaco. Well, next", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00022-00028306-00029765": "Garych lands next to all the Heroes who were terrified and trembling with fear, and some even ran, but I really liked what flash said. I don't think he", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00023-00029765-00030998": "he was scared, he just realized that the City is now at a completely different level, and they will never defeat him. But, he's not going to run away, he says there's no point in running, that is", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00024-00030998-00032545": "He is ready to fight to the end while his heart is beating. Oh, yes, he's a real hero. We also see Bang who crawled to his former student to fix his brains, but Garych answers", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00025-00032545-00033867": "that he is friends with his head, and that everything is ok. Even the Monster God couldn't mess up his brain, even though he tried. And now, having received such power, and having become an Absolute Evil, but,", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00026-00033867-00035229": "Being in his right mind, he will do evil. Until Saitama comes and gives him a bream, but, as we noticed, Saitama has flown somewhere, and it is unclear when he will return.", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00027-00035229-00036365": "Perhaps he will immediately want to fly back to the City, But see the sign about the sale, and will be delayed, but then on the way home he will realize that the meat is likely to spoil, since", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00028-00036365-00037598": "his house was destroyed, and he will not be able to cook food or put meat in the refrigerator, after which he will give the meat to cats and dogs, and he will return to the battlefield. But and there, for now", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00029-00037598-00038822": "There was no Saitama, Garou had already managed to beat all the heroes, including the S class, that's how Saitama will punish Garych for everything he did, And he will understand that he will not become an absolute evil", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00030-00038822-00039418": "as long as there is Saitama, the absolute embodiment of justice. End.", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00031-00039418-00040158": "Friends, there is no monetization on YouTube, and I don't get anything for these videos if you want to support me with a Donation,", "kDT7ATwGjWU-00032-00040158-00041383": "In the description there will be a link to my Boost and channel. Thank you all for your support. If you liked my review, subscribe to the channel and like this video, but I was with you, Animanga, bye to everyone."}}, {"audio_id": "kETM-R40EnY", "text": {"kETM-R40EnY-00000-00000484-00001170": "[singing in background]: ...Happy birthday to you! Happy birthday Mr Juncker...", "kETM-R40EnY-00001-00001170-00001604": "Molly Scott Cato: This is supposed to be a birthday party, but it's a birthday party", "kETM-R40EnY-00002-00001604-00002118": "with a difference because we've got a really serious message for Mr Juncker. The message", "kETM-R40EnY-00003-00002118-00002527": "is that he needs to listen to the people of Europe and he needs to listen to their concerns", "kETM-R40EnY-00004-00002527-00002709": "about TTIP [more info below]. Today we're", "kETM-R40EnY-00005-00002709-00003294": "handing over a petition with one million signatures from citizens across Europe. We are asking", "kETM-R40EnY-00006-00003294-00003781": "Juncker and his competition commissioner to take this seriously, to stop these secret negotiations", "kETM-R40EnY-00007-00003781-00004358": "which are negotiating away our citizens rights. We want them to accept the European", "kETM-R40EnY-00008-00004358-00004940": "Citizens' Initiative and allow this issue to be debated openly and democratically in Europe."}}, {"audio_id": "kEaGLNzh4Yc", "text": {"kEaGLNzh4Yc-00000-00000032-00000448": "pewdiepie, we have received a new notification from one of your recent videos.", "kEaGLNzh4Yc-00001-00000552-00000927": "we have one out of two notifications that your video is changing to dislike,", "kEaGLNzh4Yc-00002-00000927-00001536": "and we may unsubscribe to you. specifically, it was found on only three minutes later.", "kEaGLNzh4Yc-00003-00001536-00002072": "did you know that i didn't know that this would have to be changed, and that's too much.?"}}, {"audio_id": "kEcWI2pIyAY", "text": {"kEcWI2pIyAY-00000-00000009-00000366": "As I discussed on one of my last videos is that platitudes are one of the things you", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00001-00000366-00000560": "should never use in your marketing.", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00002-00000560-00000976": "In fact it’s causing you lackluster marketing results even if you’ve been advertising", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00003-00000976-00001391": "for 10 or 20 years or even longer.", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00004-00001391-00001689": "Platitudes are words or phrases that are common and predictable.", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00005-00001689-00002176": "Things like free estimates, we’re different, dependable, conveniently located and on and", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00006-00002176-00002276": "on.", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00007-00002276-00002665": "I’m not saying you shouldn’t be or do these things, I’m saying is that they mean", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00008-00002665-00002986": "nothing because they’re overused and everyone says them.", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00009-00002986-00003358": "Let’s get into seeing if you have platitudes in your marketing.", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00010-00003358-00003721": "Platitude evaluation #2 is Who Else Can Say That?", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00011-00003721-00004151": "The question isn’t who else can do what you do, but who else can say what you say.", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00012-00004151-00004396": "The answer is usually anyone and everyone.", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00013-00004396-00004774": "Now here’s painter that says they have Top Quality Painting and Staining.", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00014-00004774-00004915": "Who else can say that?", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00015-00004915-00005357": "This guy might actually have the highest quality in the whole universe but do you believe it", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00016-00005357-00005501": "because he said it.", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00017-00005501-00005639": "Who else can say it?", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00018-00005639-00006057": "How about his direct competitor that says Providing the highest quality painting and", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00019-00006057-00006173": "staining.", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00020-00006173-00006433": "Now look at one of your ads or website.", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00021-00006433-00006850": "Read a few lines and then ask yourself this, “Who else can say that?”", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00022-00006850-00007161": "If one of your competitors can say it, you failed this evaluation.", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00023-00007161-00007671": "I’ll also put the link to the platitude evaluation #1 video so you can see if you", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00024-00007671-00007838": "passed that test.", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00025-00007838-00008236": "Please connect or follow me for more marketing tips and getting rid of platitudes in your", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00026-00008236-00008336": "marketing.", "kEcWI2pIyAY-00027-00008336-00008386": "Thanks."}}, {"audio_id": "kF7Ot5X69Uk", "text": {"kF7Ot5X69Uk-00000-00000000-00017120": "Hard Freestyle Beat - \"Homeless\" | Masked Wolf x Joyner Lucas Type Beat"}}, {"audio_id": "kFmBwXEVlN0", "text": {"kFmBwXEVlN0-00000-00007189-00007406": "JFIF $3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz &'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz", "kFmBwXEVlN0-00001-00007406-00008312": "*Tj7 !Y~Q>K oHM6 mmtKM= xL./ uRN/ jW2= =/uk 5<\\mh g=b] .=BP rqvqSMFQRi %L@m Haj5 *z|W", "kFmBwXEVlN0-00002-00008312-00009321": "9m~1|8 XU)N0Snu k+54 %EQ~ s=ev Qepy RrVrU*)4 )].T >/|2 MAE7 {8|W f/q% ;c'? 9&G^ N?kNW{Z", "kFmBwXEVlN0-00003-00009321-00010970": "7W1- U*.f  DePAt XI`Lj M5Rno Btg*S ?e-G +x-4 ,|=- l<75", "kFmBwXEVlN0-00004-00010970-00013662": "\\V{V *>W' .<3r <O<( 'DGM 3>#3 7WKK? 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Altogether.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00011-00004495-00004559": "First take the three 1s.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00012-00004740-00004780": "Yes.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00013-00004825-00004890": "Must I help you?", "kFObC-IFL7g-00014-00005317-00005393": "Right.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00015-00005553-00005619": "Thank you.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00016-00005657-00005751": "Thank you Ovami.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00017-00005856-00006215": "Who would like to come and group all the  10s together, next to the 1s?", "kFObC-IFL7g-00018-00006360-00006414": "Charne.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00019-00007045-00007137": "Let's first take these.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00020-00007543-00007637": "Right. How many are there?", "kFObC-IFL7g-00021-00007770-00007870": "Two...", "kFObC-IFL7g-00022-00008173-00008269": "Count for us.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00023-00008305-00008475": "- Three - Take this one.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00024-00008490-00008590": "Three", "kFObC-IFL7g-00025-00008716-00008764": "Help me.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00026-00008921-00009030": "Four", "kFObC-IFL7g-00027-00009117-00009262": "Four", "kFObC-IFL7g-00028-00009419-00009582": "Five", "kFObC-IFL7g-00029-00009765-00010011": "- Six - Six. Thank you Charne", "kFObC-IFL7g-00030-00010092-00010148": "Well done.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00031-00010229-00010442": "How many 1s did we say we have?", "kFObC-IFL7g-00032-00010448-00010711": "- Five. - Five, who will come and write it for us?", "kFObC-IFL7g-00033-00010718-00011078": "That same learner can also come and write the 10s for us please.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00034-00011132-00011281": "Yes, Takudswa.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00035-00011402-00011476": "So now we are going to...", "kFObC-IFL7g-00036-00011554-00011591": "The", "kFObC-IFL7g-00037-00011656-00012082": "three 1s plus the two 1s give us", "kFObC-IFL7g-00038-00012130-00012276": "- five. - Write it.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00039-00012411-00012505": "How many 10s are there?", "kFObC-IFL7g-00040-00012517-00012872": "How much does the two 10s and the four 10s give me?", "kFObC-IFL7g-00041-00012897-00012951": "60", "kFObC-IFL7g-00042-00013004-00013210": "60 or six 10s, isn't it?", "kFObC-IFL7g-00043-00013238-00013297": "Well done.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00044-00013325-00013463": "How many 10s do we have?", "kFObC-IFL7g-00045-00013507-00013574": "Six.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00046-00013618-00013932": "Six 10s, good. So how much is it altogether?", "kFObC-IFL7g-00047-00013933-00014247": "How much do the five 1s and six 10s give us?", "kFObC-IFL7g-00048-00014263-00014551": "- 65. - Let's read the sum now.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00049-00014604-00015241": "- 23 plus 42 equals 65. - What number is this?", "kFObC-IFL7g-00050-00015269-00015553": "- 42. - Let's read it again.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00051-00015600-00016344": "23 plus 42 equals 65.", "kFObC-IFL7g-00052-00016358-00016453": "Thank you very much."}}, {"audio_id": "kFRar_ECtz8", "text": {"kFRar_ECtz8-00000-00000142-00000587": "we had a member of my house cleaning business post a question in the products", "kFRar_ECtz8-00001-00000587-00001128": "and equipment forum they are saying that they're looking for a squeegee to use in", "kFRar_ECtz8-00002-00001128-00001571": "the shower for the shower glass in the tile walls and they're asking what is", "kFRar_ECtz8-00003-00001571-00002121": "the best squeegee to use well I would recommend a shower squeegee first of all", "kFRar_ECtz8-00004-00002121-00002571": "because it has a rubber blade on it this one here is approximately 12 inches wide", "kFRar_ECtz8-00005-00002571-00003134": "but that with the rubber blade on here you won't have any issues of damaging", "kFRar_ECtz8-00006-00003134-00003839": "anything in the shower and it will do an excellent job on ceramic tile or just a", "kFRar_ECtz8-00007-00003839-00004557": "an acrylic tile tougher shower i i've been using the standard squeegee forever", "kFRar_ECtz8-00008-00004557-00004914": "just because i've been washing so many windows over the years i just got too", "kFRar_ECtz8-00009-00004914-00005432": "accustomed to using this and that's what I use in tubs and showers I hope that", "kFRar_ECtz8-00010-00005432-00005921": "helps I'm Steve Hanson co-founder of the of my house clean biz thanks for", "kFRar_ECtz8-00011-00005921-00006342": "watching the video let's connect on LinkedIn Google+ and Twitter see you on", "kFRar_ECtz8-00012-00006342-00006587": "the next one"}}, {"audio_id": "kFaUrGNVhoo", "text": {"kFaUrGNVhoo-00000-00000000-00000200": "Gotham Knights Barbara Gordon - BATGIRL"}}, {"audio_id": "kGCPDNTwT44", "text": {"kGCPDNTwT44-00000-00000536-00001336": "Businesses are coming around to the idea that they can affect positive change while still being responsible to their shareholders.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00001-00001336-00001926": "In fact, a recent study revealed that 93% of CEOs surveyed viewed sustainability", "kGCPDNTwT44-00002-00001926-00002383": "as important to their company's future success.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00003-00002383-00002876": "There are a number of good reasons to consider a sustainable environment.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00004-00002876-00003706": "Most impact a company's triple bottomline.  Let's go ahead and discuss them individually.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00005-00003706-00004466": "Most cost savings comes from the reduction of waste, such as waste of materials, packaging, and energy.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00006-00004466-00005086": "Some companies choose to do waste audits where they can track and measure their efforts in waste reduction.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00007-00005086-00005866": "Eco-efficiency is a new term used to describe this type of waste management.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00008-00005866-00006639": "Companies that focus on sustainability tend to have reduced compliance and litigation risk.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00009-00006640-00007213": "Sustainable product innovation can provide companies with new revenue streams.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00010-00007213-00007733": "Recycling and repurposing can also provide companies with new revenue streams.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00011-00007733-00008506": "After performing waste audits, companies seek alternative use for the materials in their waste streams.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00012-00008506-00009226": "Companies are finding that they're better able to recruit top talent and retain employees", "kGCPDNTwT44-00013-00009226-00009706": "longer when an organization is actively pursuing sustainability.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00014-00009706-00010266": "This can lead to reduced turnover which reduces costs.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00015-00010266-00011279": "Additional benefits include higher productivity less, absenteeism, more employee engagement, and lower healthcare costs.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00016-00011280-00011920": "Many investors are taking sustainability into account when making investment decisions.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00017-00011920-00012216": "In fact, there are over 1200", "kGCPDNTwT44-00018-00012216-00012896": "institutional investors with more than 34 trillion dollars of assets under management", "kGCPDNTwT44-00019-00012896-00013719": "that are classified as UN-backed  Principles for Responsible Investment or PRI for short.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00020-00013719-00014390": "PRI focuses on environmental, social and on governance issues.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00021-00014390-00014826": "Consumers, supply-chain customers, and special interest groups are putting pressures on", "kGCPDNTwT44-00022-00014826-00015266": "companies to become more socially and environmentally sustainable", "kGCPDNTwT44-00023-00015266-00015896": "Those who don't are losing market share and customers while those who embed", "kGCPDNTwT44-00024-00015896-00016429": "sustainability through their entire organization are likely to gain market share.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00025-00016430-00016780": "Ben and Jerry’s is an example of this.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00026-00016780-00017433": "This is fairly obvious but companies that include sustainability in their", "kGCPDNTwT44-00027-00017433-00017926": "core culture tend to be well-respected companies.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00028-00017926-00018539": "So a company's external image can either hurt or improve sales.", "kGCPDNTwT44-00029-00018540-00019306": "And that concludes this short video on how business is impacted by sustainability."}}, {"audio_id": "kGRh3YKXlNY", "text": {"kGRh3YKXlNY-00000-00000100-00000581": "How to create and verify bet365 account in Bangladesh", "kGRh3YKXlNY-00001-00000581-00000791": "bet365 account verification", "kGRh3YKXlNY-00002-00000878-00001228": "bet365 bangladesh", "kGRh3YKXlNY-00003-00001341-00001637": "how to create bet365 account in bangladesh", "kGRh3YKXlNY-00004-00001637-00001744": "bet365 bd", "kGRh3YKXlNY-00005-00001805-00002106": "how to bet365 bangladesh", "kGRh3YKXlNY-00006-00002106-00002256": "how to open bet365 bd", "kGRh3YKXlNY-00007-00002407-00002684": "how to create bet365 account", "kGRh3YKXlNY-00008-00002684-00002929": "how to create bet365 account in bangladesh", "kGRh3YKXlNY-00009-00002929-00003193": "how to verify bet365", "kGRh3YKXlNY-00010-00003275-00003557": "bet365"}}, {"audio_id": "kHE_RuY3su4", "text": {"kHE_RuY3su4-00000-00000000-00000200": "iDempiere Open Source ERP Community Powered Enterprise", "kHE_RuY3su4-00001-00000200-00000400": "Installation Guide for Development Environment In Windows 10 Home Edition", "kHE_RuY3su4-00002-00000400-00000600": "Installing second prerequisite Maven", "kHE_RuY3su4-00003-00000695-00001291": "Navigate to https://maven.apache.org/", "kHE_RuY3su4-00004-00001291-00001591": "Then navigate to Download", "kHE_RuY3su4-00005-00001591-00001791": "https://maven.apache.org/download.cgi NOTE: the link is in the description below", "kHE_RuY3su4-00006-00001791-00001991": "Download the Binary zip archive", "kHE_RuY3su4-00007-00003207-00004304": "Uncompress the downloaded file into C:\\Program Files", "kHE_RuY3su4-00008-00005877-00006875": "Now we need to add the Maven bin folder to the PATH environment variable", "kHE_RuY3su4-00009-00007961-00008161": "Test in the command line that the MVN command works and the version is correct", "kHE_RuY3su4-00010-00008454-00008654": "and we're ready for the next step"}}, {"audio_id": "kI05HS-iKi8", "text": {"kI05HS-iKi8-00000-00000000-00000200": "not a sponsored video"}}, {"audio_id": "kIkSdPG2n8Q", "text": {"kIkSdPG2n8Q-00000-00000475-00001155": "subscribe to my YouTube channels and Click on the bell icon for upcoming lastest video", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00001-00001155-00001601": "guys today I'm gonna show you how to download MC Elementor Footer Block", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00002-00001601-00002444": "also I'm gonna show you how to use it in your website so now move to the step 1", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00003-00002444-00003048": "download footer block so first just click the link below this video", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00004-00003048-00003938": "description it will take to these URLs now click on subscribe YouTube channels", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00005-00004048-00004385": "click on subscribe", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00006-00004791-00005575": "now go back and click on downloaded file", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00007-00005873-00006329": "now you see files downloading automatically into your local computers", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00008-00006329-00007452": "click on arrow show in folder this is a zip files which contain all the", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00009-00007452-00008126": "templates right click on the file extract here", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00010-00008309-00009060": "open the folder you will see all 17 templates you can use to your websites", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00011-00009060-00009815": "and make your website more powerful and unique now move to this tab to open", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00012-00009815-00011478": "dashboard and install plugins go to plugins click on add new research Elementor", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00013-00011478-00011750": "header and footer", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00014-00012172-00013926": "click on install now and active now move to step 2  create footer just", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00015-00014029-00016345": "go appearance click on header and footer builder click on add new enter", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00016-00016345-00017618": "the name that you like now click on select option and choose footer now", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00017-00017618-00018679": "click on select and choose entire websites click on default templates", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00018-00018679-00019315": "choose elementary canvas click on publish", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00019-00019795-00021296": "now click on an arrangement Elementor now move to the step 4 import", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00020-00021296-00022845": "footer block so click on the icons my templates import icons click on select", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00021-00022845-00024048": "file we can choose any templates that you like but I will choose 15 click on", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00022-00024048-00025841": "open so this is the templates that which we chose click on research so now click", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00023-00025841-00026937": "on update now go to your websites to see this is a default template which is a", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00024-00026937-00027403": "predefined by themes now click on refresh", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00025-00027822-00028213": "okay now you see this is the new template which we created in the", "kIkSdPG2n8Q-00026-00028213-00029407": "previous steps so thanks if you like and share with friends"}}, {"audio_id": "kIIxCGQZt94", "text": {"kIIxCGQZt94-00000-00000000-00000096": "Why are you gay?"}}, {"audio_id": "kJoxtzY5vEE", "text": {"kJoxtzY5vEE-00000-00000387-00000487": "[applause]", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00001-00000487-00000587": "Dr. Evan Eichler: So it really is, indeed, a pleasure to be", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00002-00000587-00001226": "here. I was here I think five years ago last time and my message has stayed -- maybe not", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00003-00001226-00001847": "hopefully -- but has stayed very much consistent. As Jim alluded to, our lab has been focused", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00004-00001847-00002200": "on what some people have called the darkest matter of the Human Genome. We’re specifically", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00005-00002200-00002665": "interested in regions that changed very, very rapidly, specifically within the human species;", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00006-00002665-00003061": "areas of the Genome that have been proven to be dynamic both in terms of structure,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00007-00003061-00003528": "their organization, and in terms of their evolution.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00008-00003528-00004019": "As he mentioned, specifically we’re focused, as one aspect of that study, on regions of", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00009-00004019-00004505": "the Genome that are highly duplicated. And so these come in two different flavors. These", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00010-00004505-00004993": "are duplicated sequences that are either duplicated within a chromosome known as intrachromosomal", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00011-00004993-00005494": "duplications or duplicated between non-homologous chromosomes known as interchromosomal duplications.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00012-00005494-00006007": "The reasons we’re interested in this are really two-fold. One, these are dynamic by", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00013-00006007-00006508": "the fact that they have sequence identity at very high levels to not only the comolgous", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00014-00006508-00006990": "recombination promoting additional rearrangement events at the specific sites. The second reason", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00015-00006990-00007353": "is that if you believe the work of Susumu Ohno and others duplication is the primary", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00016-00007353-00007755": "force by which new genes and gene families evolve. So we’re interested in these regions", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00017-00007755-00008238": "really from the perspective of dynamic mutation, De novo mutation associated with disease,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00018-00008238-00008652": "and second from the perspective of the evolution potentially of new genes and gene families", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00019-00008652-00008985": "within human. And both of those topics I want to discuss today.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00020-00008985-00009524": "So just to summarize the work that came from really analyzing the whole Genome, or really", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00021-00009524-00010061": "the finished Human Genome, this is the pattern of the largest and most identical duplications", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00022-00010061-00010567": "within our Genome; the blue lines representing these large blocks, greater than 95 percent,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00023-00010567-00011126": "greater than 20 kb in size, of intrachromosomal duplications. And you’ll notice from this", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00024-00011126-00011481": "that a lot of our duplications are essentially interspersed. So if you look at chromosome", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00025-00011481-00011845": "seven, you find a lot of the paraways [spelled phonetically], the large ones, are separated", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00026-00011845-00012489": "by megabases of sequence. If you add the intrachromosomal pattern you get something like this. So this", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00027-00012489-00012874": "is the pattern of the Human Genome that has been relatively constant to the new assemblies.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00028-00012874-00013371": "And most of this data, I should point out, came from back-based sequencing. This is the", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00029-00013371-00013760": "sequencing of large insert clones. If you go back and look at some of the first published", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00030-00013760-00014189": "whole Genome shotgun assembly versions of the Human Genome, these areas of the Genome", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00031-00014189-00014799": "are completely missing. The important point is about 60 percent of the large duplications", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00032-00014799-00015297": "within our Genome are interspersed. That is to say, they are separated by at least a megabase", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00033-00015297-00015890": "from their nearest neighbor, or they map to another chromosome. If you contrast this with", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00034-00015890-00016310": "some recent data that we’ve done with Deanna Church and looking at kind of the comparable", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00035-00016310-00016827": "finished version of the mouse Genome, this is the pattern that you see for the most identical", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00036-00016827-00017117": "and the largest duplications within mouse.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00037-00017117-00017565": "So in this, the total amount of duplicated sequence now turns out to be very similar", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00038-00017565-00017995": "to what we saw initially with human; roughly five percent of the Genome. But you’ll notice", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00039-00017995-00018498": "two things. The actual locations of these are fewer in number, so there are about half", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00040-00018498-00018928": "the number of sites in the mouse Genome that are highly duplicated. And the second thing", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00041-00018928-00019392": "you’ll notice is that essentially most of the lines, the blue lines here, which indicate", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00042-00019392-00019965": "intrachromosomal duplications, are right on top of one another, suggesting that most of", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00043-00019965-00020498": "the duplications in mouse, about 82 percent of them, are tandem, that is to say, clustered,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00044-00020498-00021101": "in orientation. So this difference between man and mouse in terms of finished back-based", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00045-00021101-00021535": "sequence assembly has important ramifications, both in terms of evolution, the fact that", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00046-00021535-00021964": "you can juxtapose different pieces of DNA creating complex configurations that you don’t", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00047-00021964-00022543": "see in close-related species, and also in terms of disease.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00048-00022543-00022896": "So its importance in terms of disease comes from really some of this seminal work from", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00049-00022896-00023382": "Jim Lofsky [spelled phonetically] and others in the early 1990s, and the idea is very straightforward.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00050-00023382-00023807": "If you have duplicated sequences within a Genome you can trick the recombination machinery", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00051-00023807-00024379": "during meiosis to recombine where it shouldn’t. So here’s showing two of the four chromosomes", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00052-00024379-00024856": "aligning during meiosis, the duplicated sequence shown in green, and anomaly re-homologous", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00053-00024856-00025256": "[spelled phonetically] recombination, also known as an equal crossing over event occurring,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00054-00025256-00025700": "leading to gametes that have accumulated an additional copy of that duplicated sequence", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00055-00025700-00026026": "or have lost a copy of that duplicated sequence.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00056-00026026-00026595": "So the really important part is that if these were essentially interspersed, imagine intrachromosomal", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00057-00026595-00027100": "duplications now with unique sequences encoding genes A, B, and C, genes A, B, and C get taken", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00058-00027100-00027497": "along for the ride. So in addition to producing gametes that have additional copies of that", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00059-00027497-00027932": "duplicated sequence, we now have gametes that have additional copies of genes A, B, and", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00060-00027932-00028406": "C, and we have gametes that have lost copies of A, B, and C. And so those genes are triple", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00061-00028406-00029006": "sensitive, haploid sufficient, or imprinted, the result is disease. And so there are at", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00062-00029006-00029456": "this point about 30 different syndromes in the human population that are caused precisely", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00063-00029456-00029924": "by this mechanism. It is not really a genetic disease, because it doesn’t have to be transmitted.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00064-00029924-00030427": "There’s something that goes on in all of us as we sit in this room and we produce gametes,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00065-00030427-00030850": "either egg or sperm. And an architecture that has a lot of these intraspersed configurations", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00066-00030850-00031346": "is obviously going to be predisposed to these types of events at a much higher frequency.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00067-00031346-00032055": "So these are some of the diseases. I’m sure many of you have heard of some of them: Velo-Cardio-Facial", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00068-00032055-00032560": "DiGeorge, Williams Syndrome, Prader-Willi and so on. There are two interesting aspects", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00069-00032560-00033096": "about these diseases, if you look at them. So shown here is the actual size of the duplication,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00070-00033096-00033500": "which is immediate in the rearrangement. And the important point here is that most of the", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00071-00033500-00033913": "events are large. The duplicated sequences have to be greater than 10 kb, often greater", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00072-00033913-00034459": "than 100 kb in size, to mediate at a high frequency of De novo event. The second point", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00073-00034459-00034961": "is that the degree of sequence identity is also very high. So typically most of the diseases", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00074-00034961-00035377": "are caused by duplications that are greater than 95 percent, and the vast majority are", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00075-00035377-00035934": "greater than 98 percent. And the third component of these diseases, which you can kind of see", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00076-00035934-00036401": "here, is that the vast majority of diseases that have been described thus far involve", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00077-00036401-00036793": "some type of neurologic component: either peripheral nervous system, or central nervous", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00078-00036793-00037269": "and cognitive deficit with these kids.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00079-00037269-00037721": "So the hypothesis was very straightforward. If we had a beautiful duplication map of the", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00080-00037721-00038071": "Genome, which was born on the sweat of a lot of wonderful people working on this project", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00081-00038071-00038518": "over the last 10 years, could we use that as essentially a morbidity map to predict", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00082-00038518-00039013": "the sites of disease associated with these specific regions? And, specifically, could", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00083-00039013-00039596": "we focus on children with mental retardation to find new diseases, previously unknown?", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00084-00039596-00039996": "So this is this duplication map I showed you again. So it was not just a quality control", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00085-00039996-00040441": "exercise for the Human Genome project, but we actually viewed it as a disease map. And", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00086-00040441-00040971": "so, here is our roadmap. All of the gold bars represent blocks of sequence where the architecture", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00087-00040971-00041372": "is such that you would be believe to be a high frequency of De novo mutation based on", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00088-00041372-00041963": "very large, very identical sequences at these positions. So there are roughly 130 regions", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00089-00041963-00042388": "at that time, of the Genome. Twenty-three at that time, which are the gold bars with", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00090-00042388-00042849": "letters behind them, were ones already associated with disease, and we were betting, at least", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00091-00042849-00043662": "the subset of those remaining regions would be associated with De novo disease in the", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00092-00043662-00043762": "human population.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00093-00043762-00044028": "So the way we did this -- this is kind of old technology now, but we began this work", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00094-00044028-00044518": "about two and a half years ago -- we targeted all of our regions that had at least 50 kb", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00095-00044518-00044926": "of unique sequence less than five megabases that were flanked by duplications greater", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00096-00044926-00045489": "than 95 identity and greater than 10 kb in size. We took backs from these regions and", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00097-00045489-00045996": "we built a specialized microray which contained about 2,000 backs from these roughly 130 regions", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00098-00045996-00046532": "of the Human Genome. We spotted them on a microray and we simply would test and give", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00099-00046532-00047022": "a normal DNA sample labeled with one florachrome against a diseased individual labeled with", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00100-00047022-00047412": "another florachrome, and looked for sigma intensity differences based on hybridization", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00101-00047412-00048074": "to this chip as evidence or gain of loss of that specific region.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00102-00048074-00048480": "So, in terms of the study populations, we used a normal control group, which people", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00103-00048480-00048847": "have argued maybe isn’t the best normal control group, but it was what we had available", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00104-00048847-00049227": "at that time, which included all of the HapMap samples, as well as an additional diversity", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00105-00049227-00049699": "panel of roughly 45 individuals. So we used these normal individuals to establish the", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00106-00049699-00050191": "normal pattern of variation within individuals without disease, or at least without disease", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00107-00050191-00050655": "associated with mental retardation. So I’m not going to go over those details, other", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00108-00050655-00051068": "than to say that we found lots of copy number variation. So, harkening back to something", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00109-00051068-00051508": "that Claire mentioned, the Human Genome had riddled with copy number differences and gains", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00110-00051508-00052105": "and losses of sequences in different individuals. We then focused on a collection of kids that", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00111-00052105-00052432": "essentially the clinical community, or at least diagnostic community, had given up on.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00112-00052432-00052935": "There’s roughly 500 children: children which had been tested for Fragile X had come back", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00113-00052935-00053580": "negative, children tested for [unintelligible] rearrangements, and children whose carrier", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00114-00053580-00054114": "type was normal for testing, using this platform.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00115-00054114-00054579": "So, some of the results. So after screening the normal collection then following up with", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00116-00054579-00055052": "studies of these three, roughly initially the first 291 children from Oxford, we found", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00117-00055052-00055346": "regions of the Genome that look like this. So what you’re looking at here is a log", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00118-00055346-00055729": "two relative hybridization intensity plot for four different individuals. These are", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00119-00055729-00056127": "all children with mental retardation. And we’re looking for things that deviate from", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00120-00056127-00056367": "the log two ratio of zero, which would be no difference.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00121-00056367-00056757": "And you’ll probably notice that there’s a lot of noise over these regions, which is", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00122-00056757-00057117": "because about a third of our probes were actually selected right from the duplicated regions,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00123-00057117-00057511": "where the denominator really isn’t 2n, but is actually more than that, so this actually", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00124-00057511-00057935": "creates some background. But clearly there’s something different about these four kids.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00125-00057935-00058424": "They have essentially about five backs that are apparently showing evidence of microdeletion", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00126-00058424-00058925": "in a region that we never saw once in a normal control group of study. These were validated", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00127-00058925-00059472": "by fish. I think the most probably interesting aspect is that we could actually go back now", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00128-00059472-00059875": "and do a more high density [unintelligible] nucleotide customized micro race instead of", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00129-00059875-00060387": "using five backs in the region, we designed now 11,000 [unintelligible] over that specific", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00130-00060387-00060738": "region and really confirmed to see whether the breakpoints were identical.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00131-00060738-00061161": "So it’s showing here those four children once again. This is the log two relative hybridization", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00132-00061161-00061585": "intensity depression shown here in terms of Log Two, indicated by significance in terms", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00133-00061585-00062083": "of when you see the red signal. And what you can see here is a couple of things. First", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00134-00062083-00062516": "off, if we compare the affected child with that of the parents, so this is one of the", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00135-00062516-00062916": "children compared to mom and dad, you see mom and dad are normal over in that area,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00136-00062916-00063651": "but the child has a deletion of roughly 450 kb, precisely at that site. You also noticed", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00137-00063651-00064054": "here, this is the segmental duplications. These are very large, highly identical duplications,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00138-00064054-00064714": "which chair about 99 percent identity over 100 kb in size. So the duplications are demarcating", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00139-00064714-00065141": "the boundaries, or the breakpoints, roughly. But you’ll also notice when you look at", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00140-00065141-00065664": "the regions contained underneath these duplications, you see a lot of variation in the normal population,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00141-00065664-00065764": "as well.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00142-00065764-00066327": "The important point here was that we had essentially an identical, critical region in four children", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00143-00066327-00066811": "identified from this study of mental retardation. All of them had haploid sufficiency [spelled", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00144-00066811-00067145": "phonetically], at least that’s our model, and in fact all of them that we’ve been", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00145-00067145-00067647": "able to test so far were De novo events. In other events, parents did not have this lesion;", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00146-00067647-00067891": "this was seen specifically in the kids.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00147-00067891-00068325": "On top here are some of the genes and then there’s five genes mapping into that region.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00148-00068325-00068739": "We don’t know which causes the disease but obviously there are some great candidates.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00149-00068739-00069165": "One of the most interesting is MAPT, also known as Tao. It’s a gene in which point", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00150-00069165-00069547": "mutations have been associated with Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and frontal temperate dementia.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00151-00069547-00070098": "So we’re screening now patients which have essentially phenocopy in terms of disease", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00152-00070098-00070258": "and looking for point mutations.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00153-00070258-00070699": "I’d like to just emphasize and make this note, that even though we screened only 300", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00154-00070699-00071161": "kids, this was roughly of the idiopathic collection that we looked at, was roughly one and a half", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00155-00071161-00071635": "percent of the total in terms of disease.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00156-00071635-00072174": "These are what the kids looked like in collaboration with our former competitors, Bert de Vries", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00157-00072174-00072651": "in Holland. We’ve had the opportunity to look at roughly now 21 children, all of them", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00158-00072651-00073003": "which have the microdeletion. Nineteen of them, we’ve been able to look at parentals", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00159-00073003-00073414": "and show the De novo events. And if you look at these kids you can see there’s some similarities", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00160-00073414-00073868": "in phenotype. One of the most pronounced, believe it or not, is this very bulbous nose", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00161-00073868-00074213": "that you see in almost all of the kids. You see a pronounced philtrum, sometimes protruding", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00162-00074213-00074683": "tongue, as well as a fairly happy disposition, which has actually been noted in many of the", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00163-00074683-00075231": "clinical records. So the children have a better outlook than most of us in terms of life.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00164-00075231-00075674": "And, in fact, we’ve now been able to go back and identify from De novo collections", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00165-00075674-00076199": "being able to show clinicians the data being able to identify additional kids using this", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00166-00076199-00076299": "approach.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00167-00076299-00076745": "So one of the interesting parts of this particular, what we think is a new, deletion syndrome,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00168-00076745-00077254": "is that the exact some region that we identified as being deleted in the human population was", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00169-00077254-00077597": "a region that was described a year-and-a-half earlier by Curry Stephenson [spelled phonetically]", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00170-00077597-00078264": "from Decode as being a site of a common inversion polymorphism in humans. And shown here is", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00171-00078264-00078687": "the region once again blowing up. This is actually looking at the CEPH Diversity Panel,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00172-00078687-00079143": "and the black indicating the frequency of that inversion. So that inversion is essentially", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00173-00079143-00079683": "restricted largely to Caucasian populations. Both European and Mediterranean populations", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00174-00079683-00080160": "have this inversion, most common. You’ll see, once you get into Africa and Asia and", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00175-00080160-00080674": "India, you see very low frequencies of this inversion. Their data suggests that this inversion,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00176-00080674-00081174": "for completely reasons, was associated with increased fecundity and associated with increased", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00177-00081174-00081755": "combination in these populations. That was based on genealogical data from I believe", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00178-00081755-00081861": "the Icelandic population.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00179-00081861-00082451": "So we went back and we looked at our kids to see if they came from haplotypes that essentially", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00180-00082451-00083251": "carried the inversion, and to date 19 out of 19 cases all come from this inversion haplotype.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00181-00083251-00083541": "So I want to make it clear that we don’t know necessarily whether it’s the inversion", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00182-00083541-00083926": "that’s predisposing to this microdeletion event or it’s something else on that haplotypic", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00183-00083926-00084335": "background which may be predisposing. But the data are overwhelming that this inversion", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00184-00084335-00084879": "polymorphism, which is ethnically stratified, is essentially predisposing, or the inversion", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00185-00084879-00085418": "haplotype is predisposing to disease. So this obviously has some ramifications. One of the", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00186-00085418-00086003": "ramifications would be that this is largely a Caucasian-specific idiopathic mental retardation", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00187-00086003-00086668": "syndrome. And our screening so far of African-Americans has shown no cases in a screening of 500 kids", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00188-00086668-00087005": "of this particular deletion.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00189-00087005-00087605": "That wasn’t the only one we found. So here’s another region on 15Q24.1, 24.2. Four megabases", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00190-00087605-00088139": "in size. These are the children and these are their actual genotypes based on a [unintelligible]", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00191-00088139-00088627": "GH over [unintelligible]. Breakpoints in three of the four cases occur precisely at regions", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00192-00088627-00089199": "of high sequence identity. In these three cases, we know that each of these events is", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00193-00089199-00089908": "De novo. And these kids are fairly high functioning. They have IQs of around 65 to 70. They have", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00194-00089908-00090343": "been described as Autistic Spectrum Disorder, but they have extra features such as a growth", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00195-00090343-00090483": "deficiency.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00196-00090483-00091183": "Here’s yet a third example. This is distal to the Prader-Willi Region on 15Q13.3. Our", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00197-00091183-00091607": "initial screening we skipped over this region and that was because of our criteria. This", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00198-00091607-00092164": "index patient here had a breakpoint between breakpoint three and breakpoint five. Actually,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00199-00092164-00092667": "it was not a De novo event. So when we looked at the parents, the mother actually had this", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00200-00092667-00093186": "very large deletion over this region, however, it turned out that the mother also had mild", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00201-00093186-00093731": "mental retardation as well as epilepsy. So we screened this one and we got two additional", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00202-00093731-00094162": "cases that came in. Both of these cases were smaller. They were between breakpoint four", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00203-00094162-00094676": "and breakpoint five. These particular cases were both De novo and in both of these cases", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00204-00094676-00095244": "there’s also mild mental retardation or a developmental delay and epilepsy. We don’t", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00205-00095244-00095723": "know for sure if this a genetic disorder but we’re betting it is. What’s particularly", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00206-00095723-00096210": "interesting is that there is one gene located here, [unintelligible] seven, which is a gated", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00207-00096210-00096607": "ion channel gene, which has been associated or at least has been implicated and I don’t", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00208-00096607-00097142": "think ever proven to be associated with myoclonic epilepsy. So we believe that haploid sufficiency", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00209-00097142-00097536": "of this region also causes disease and once again the breakpoints are mapping to these", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00210-00097536-00097740": "very large, highly identical duplications.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00211-00097740-00098356": "And the last example that I’ll show you is an example of recurrent deletion not associated", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00212-00098356-00098814": "with mental retardation. So we’ve now moved outside of kids with mental retardation and", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00213-00098814-00099364": "started screening kids with other types of pediatric disease. And so this is analysis", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00214-00099364-00099885": "of some of those children. This is a collection of roughly 80 pediatric patients with renal", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00215-00099885-00100335": "disease that have been screened. What we found in this particular case was once again a De", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00216-00100335-00100851": "novo deletion. We should point out that all of these cases are De novo with respect to", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00217-00100851-00101310": "breakpoints embedded right within the segmental duplications. What’s particularly remarkable", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00218-00101310-00101695": "about this disease is that at least in terms of the studies that we’ve looked at and", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00219-00101695-00102010": "the samples that we’ve looked at, and this is largely with Christine Belan Chantello", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00220-00102010-00102364": "[spelled phonetically] at Paris, it accounts for about 20 percent of pediatric patients", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00221-00102364-00102864": "with renal disease that they have in their collection. So it’s a very common, what", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00222-00102864-00103311": "we think is a common, microdeletion. Interestingly enough, it’s never been observed once in", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00223-00103311-00103945": "a controlled group of 927 individuals. And interestingly, on top of that is essentially", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00224-00103945-00104490": "that about 36 percent of children with maturity onset diabetes of the young Type Five also", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00225-00104490-00105066": "have the same microdeletion. There is a gene in this region, TCF2, the transcription factor,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00226-00105066-00105553": "in which point mutations have been shown to be associated with both renal disease and", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00227-00105553-00105916": "MODY Five diabetes.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00228-00105916-00106474": "So, in summary, we’ve actually looked at now a large number of kids, particularly from", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00229-00106474-00107066": "the IMR Study. These numbers are based largely on the initial 300 set from Oxford. And in", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00230-00107066-00107641": "these patients we identified what we think are roughly 16 sites of novel structural variation.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00231-00107641-00107979": "I wouldn’t claim that the majority of those are causative, but I do feel comfortable saying", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00232-00107979-00108542": "that we do have at least three novel genomic disorders in which we have De novo event recurrence", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00233-00108542-00109108": "and we have phenotypic similarities that actually allow us to assign this as a new disorder.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00234-00109108-00109659": "We have one example of a microdeletion event associated with diabetes and renal disease.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00235-00109659-00110139": "And I’d be willing to hazard a bet that if we screen more children with more forms", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00236-00110139-00110498": "of pediatric disease, we’ll actually find additional genomic disorders associated with", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00237-00110498-00110682": "a wide range of phenotypes.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00238-00110682-00111366": "I’ll just leave this one slide here as an example of why I think this is so important.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00239-00111366-00111923": "We just finished screening using the Lumina platform with Debbie Nickerson and Greg Cooper", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00240-00111923-00112442": "in my group, a large number of normal individuals. These are individuals that came in essentially", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00241-00112442-00112873": "for lipid testing as part of a study known as the “Park Study” [spelled phonetically].", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00242-00112873-00113416": "And shown here is essentially hot spot regions that we find deleted or duplicated within", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00243-00113416-00114217": "this normal control group. So shown here are the duplications in pink, and the deletions", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00244-00114217-00114732": "are shown here in blue. These are the number of chromosomes from this collection of roughly", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00245-00114732-00115325": "1,920 chromosomes that were shown at various frequencies. So here is the absolute number,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00246-00115325-00115824": "here’s the one percent frequency cut off, and here are a bunch of events that are roughly", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00247-00115824-00116104": ".1 and .2 percent frequency.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00248-00116104-00116654": "So, coming back to a point that Richard made. Two issues that I want you to think about.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00249-00116654-00117158": "Roughly in this group we have six to 12 percent of normal individuals having big deletions,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00250-00117158-00117675": "precisely over regions that are non-allelic, homologous, recombination, predisposed. We", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00251-00117675-00118061": "have an excess, which we don’t understand why in terms of deletions versus duplications,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00252-00118061-00118577": "but we have an absence of things that are around the one to two to three percent frequency.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00253-00118577-00119070": "I would bet that these are being fed by De novo mutations at a high frequency, in the", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00254-00119070-00119516": "more normal pool. And the question remains open: what is the impact of these in terms", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00255-00119516-00119877": "of disease or susceptibility?", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00256-00119877-00120391": "So one of the things you might ask yourself is, why? If you think about the mouse Genome", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00257-00120391-00120841": "architecture and human, why do we have all of these large blocks of interchromosomal", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00258-00120841-00121334": "and intrachromosomal duplications, if they predispose 10 percent of our Genome to microdelete", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00259-00121334-00121842": "and microduplicate at a high frequency? Well, so we tried to address this question over", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00260-00121842-00122416": "the years, and maybe I’ll kind of go over these fairly quickly. But the idea and one", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00261-00122416-00122746": "of the important things to realize about the duplication architecture in these regions", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00262-00122746-00123135": "is it’s not just one piece of sequence. It’s essentially heterogeneous, made up", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00263-00123135-00123594": "of many different parts that have had different evolutionary histories and trajectories. So", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00264-00123594-00124152": "this is one of roughly the 400 regions in our Human Genome, and each of the colored", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00265-00124152-00124865": "in grey represent regions that are duplicated. So basically this full 790 kb stretch of DNA", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00266-00124865-00125327": "is entirely duplicated. When you actually reconstruct the evolutionary history of this", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00267-00125327-00125736": "region, what you find is that everything in color we’ve been able to show comes from", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00268-00125736-00126294": "a different area of the Genome. So we have, essentially, this hodgepodge mosaic over these", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00269-00126294-00126596": "specific regions made up of all of these parraways [spelled phonetically] alignments from all", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00270-00126596-00127170": "over the Genome. To complicate matters, these regions then duplicate between these large", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00271-00127170-00127682": "duplication blocks and can share large blocks of homology in common with another. And these", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00272-00127682-00128114": "are the types of events, the secondary events, that are actually predisposed to microdeletions", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00273-00128114-00128464": "and microduplications associated with disease.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00274-00128464-00128877": "So we have this architecture; can we systematically reconstruct the evolutionary history of these", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00275-00128877-00129360": "regions? And so, working with Pavel Pevzner, we came up with an approach to look at all", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00276-00129360-00129799": "of the individual ParaWise alignments within the Human Genome that make up these duplication", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00277-00129799-00130321": "blocks, decompose them into minimal evolutionary shared segments so we could break all of these", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00278-00130321-00130896": "parraways alignments into individual subunits, or duplication subunits. And then, using data", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00279-00130896-00131605": "largely from work from UCSC, basically compare these regions of the Human Genome, all of", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00280-00131605-00131991": "the duplicated positions, to see if we can identify the ancestral segment from where", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00281-00131991-00132530": "the duplication began. Therefore, provide directionality in terms of the duplications.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00282-00132530-00132837": "And here the logic is pretty straightforward. Most of the duplications that we’re studying", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00283-00132837-00133372": "are primate-specific. So if we look at out-group species, such as rat, dog, and mouse that", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00284-00133372-00133870": "should not have these regions duplicated, we should see a single hit. Moreover, because", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00285-00133870-00134383": "the human copy that’s ancestral moves by this multiple step procedure in terms of duplication,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00286-00134383-00134904": "we should see more autologous anchors between the human and mammalian out-group sequence.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00287-00134904-00135347": "So using this approach we defined the ancestral origin for 67 percent of the duplications", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00288-00135347-00136184": "within the Human Genome. We confirmed or validated by fish to see if we really could identify", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00289-00136184-00136580": "these ancestral origins. So we take an out-group species, we take a probe that comes from the", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00290-00136580-00136937": "derivative locus, and we hybridize to see if it goes back to the right spot that we", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00291-00136937-00137268": "predicted. That confirmed, in this case, a relatively small number of experiments in", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00292-00137268-00137833": "a matter of 12 times. We then also compared our experimental maps, which we had generated", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00293-00137833-00138249": "over the years before with our Insilco prediction with Pavel, and you can see that there’s", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00294-00138249-00138796": "pretty good correspondence between the dupocons [spelled phonetically] that we identified.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00295-00138796-00139249": "So what did we learn from this analysis? So here’s the part that we learned. If we start", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00296-00139249-00139777": "looking at these intrachromosomal duplication blocks that cause disease what we find in", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00297-00139777-00140616": "almost all cases, maybe with one or two exceptions, is that shown here is a map of the duplication", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00298-00140616-00140979": "blocks. So these are all of the duplication blocks that have emerged in the last 25 million", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00299-00140979-00141502": "years on chromosome 15. About a third of these cause disease. One of the things that we find", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00300-00141502-00142069": "is that located almost precisely in the center of these blocks is a common sequence in about", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00301-00142069-00142524": "90 percent of the cases, at least for this specific chromosome. This is what we call", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00302-00142524-00143066": "a core duplicon. It has a number of interesting properties. It’s the most abundant and most", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00303-00143066-00143524": "ancient, as you might except in terms of duplications. Even though these have all heterogeneous histories,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00304-00143524-00144032": "it is common to the vast majority, seems to be the focal point for intrachromosomal duplication", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00305-00144032-00144486": "formation. Cores are frequently duplicated as solo elements in the Genome, but rarely", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00306-00144486-00144665": "are the flanking duplicons.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00307-00144665-00145137": "So the flanking duplicons almost always exist in association with a core. And when you look", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00308-00145137-00145619": "at the cores they are enriched four to five fold for both genes, at least annotated genes", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00309-00145619-00146091": "per base pair, as well as ESTs. So these seem to be the most transcriptionally active, most", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00310-00146091-00146591": "dynamic areas of the Genome. When we compare those cores, and we find them on about a half", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00311-00146591-00147033": "a dozen human chromosomes that have experienced this burst of intrachromosomal duplication,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00312-00147033-00147460": "what we find is that these cores are often associated with Great Ape and human specific", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00313-00147460-00147841": "gene families that have been described in the literature over the last five or six years.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00314-00147841-00148259": "We described one of the first, called a nuclear pole interacting protein, which evolves about", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00315-00148259-00148704": "50 times faster than most normal genes, at least based on DNDS ratios, and there’s", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00316-00148704-00149078": "a number of other genes that have been described. The common features of these genes is they", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00317-00149078-00149560": "do not have orthologs in mouse. They have multiple copies in human in chimp. They show", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00318-00149560-00149953": "dramatic expressions and changes in their expression profile when compared to these", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00319-00149953-00150380": "out-group species, such as baboon or macaque. And at least three of the four examples here", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00320-00150380-00150979": "show signatures of positive selection, and in two cases very dramatic examples of positive", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00321-00150979-00151079": "selection.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00322-00151079-00151365": "So, I’ll just finish off by actually sharing with you some of the work we’ve been able", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00323-00151365-00151823": "to do with Eric and NISC, particularly in this regard. Because these regions are so", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00324-00151823-00152200": "complicated, we really can’t get a handle on their architecture from looking at whole", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00325-00152200-00152774": "Genome shotgun sequence assemblies of chimpanzee, gorilla, macaque, and so on. So working with", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00326-00152774-00153141": "Eric we’ve been able to actually target these regions and re-sequence them systematically", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00327-00153141-00153677": "in a number of primate species. So shown here is another core region, just to give you an", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00328-00153677-00154028": "idea. These are all of the locations of these cores, and this is -- or I should say these", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00329-00154028-00154462": "duplication blocks. So this is about 250 kb in size and there’s this core of roughly", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00330-00154462-00155208": "20 kb, which is in 14 out of 16 of the blocks that are shown on this chromosome. This is", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00331-00155208-00155545": "a core, which is particularly interesting, as it has a very rapidly evolving gene family", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00332-00155545-00155959": "embedded within in, which is the nuclear pore interacting protein. So that if you look at", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00333-00155959-00156332": "the actual degree of sequence identity and sliding windows across this region of the", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00334-00156332-00156862": "Genome, this is actually comparing any two copies, you will find troughs and peaks in", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00335-00156862-00157240": "terms of the sequence identity. And what’s most remarkable is that these troughs correspond", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00336-00157240-00157803": "precisely to the position of exons. So this is this eight exon gene, with no known function.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00337-00157803-00158165": "And the other thing I’ll just point out is that 98 percent of these changes have resulted", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00338-00158165-00158841": "in amino acid changes between the copies. This is an extreme example of positive selection.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00339-00158841-00159272": "So working with Eric we drilled down and looked at a lot of other copies in other primates,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00340-00159272-00159802": "particularly focusing on gorilla, chimpanzee, orangutan, and baboon. We sequence annotated", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00341-00159802-00160226": "all of the sequences that we got back, both experimentally and computationally, and then", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00342-00160226-00160814": "we reconstructed the phylogeny of these segments. So I hope you don’t go blind, but this is", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00343-00160814-00161300": "the actual phylogeny, shown here. This is based on a neighbor joining analysis of two", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00344-00161300-00161850": "kb of non-coding sequence for the core. And shown here is the structure that you see with", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00345-00161850-00162435": "HSA representing human, PTR representing chimp, GGO representing gorilla, and so on. So what", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00346-00162435-00162984": "we get from this bewildering complexity over these parts of the Genome are really a couple", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00347-00162984-00163590": "of things. Number one, all of this architecture that we now see, which we now know causes", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00348-00163590-00164046": "disease, is about 10 million years young. So all of the events have occurred in the", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00349-00164046-00164511": "common ancestor of chimp, human, and gorilla, or immediately after the separation of those", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00350-00164511-00165025": "species. The second thing, which I think is really, really interesting, is that when we", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00351-00165025-00165540": "look at orangutan, we find none of the core  -- we see the core once again present, but", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00352-00165540-00166022": "we see completely different flanking duplicons, which are unique in human and all of the other", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00353-00166022-00166538": "Great Ape species. So orangutan has done the exact same thing that our Genome did seven", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00354-00166538-00166990": "million years, ago using the same core, but has actually picked up completely different", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00355-00166990-00167729": "flanking sequences which are unique in chimpanzee, unique in gorilla, and unique in human.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00356-00167729-00168161": "So this tells us that this core is actively transducing, we think, segments of the Genome", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00357-00168161-00168707": "around. And just to give you a perspective back now 25 million years ago, these are all", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00358-00168707-00169359": "of the pieces that in human look like this  -- oh, sorry. So this is the architecture", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00359-00169359-00169889": "that we see in human. Each one of these blocks of sequence are essentially unique in baboon,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00360-00169889-00170415": "they’re unique in macaque. So we think these all began as unique copy sequences, with the", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00361-00170415-00170910": "core beginning to jump probably about 20 million years ago, pick up flanks, and continue to", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00362-00170910-00171532": "grow, such that it now occupies LCR16A and its associated duplicons, about 10 percent", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00363-00171532-00172196": "of the euchromatin of human chromosome 16. At least, in this case, 16P. With large insert", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00364-00172196-00172760": "sequences, we can also map the locations in orangutan. And so this is the orangutan picture.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00365-00172760-00173415": "This is human 16. Very limited activity on human 16. But here you see on chromosome 13,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00366-00173415-00173908": "the core has essentially jumped, jumped to a new chromosome, and begun to do its dance", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00367-00173908-00174424": "again on these particular chromosomes, creating a very complex architecture once again on", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00368-00174424-00174987": "chromosome 13, interspersed at duplications distributed across, in this case, chromosome", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00369-00174987-00175639": "13. So here I think the important point is the cores are mobile. They can jump to new", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00370-00175639-00176085": "chromosomes, and they can actually transduce flanking sequences as part of its trajectory.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00371-00176085-00176574": "I don’t have time to go into all of this data; just summarize what we know about this", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00372-00176574-00177092": "particular core. We know that it began as a single copy sequence about 25 million years", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00373-00177092-00177509": "ago, and data that I don’t have time to show you indicates that it was actually testes", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00374-00177509-00177959": "specific. It was expressed only in the tests and it showed no evidence of selection by", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00375-00177959-00178439": "any of the normal tests looking at KAKS. So this is a little bit heretical, I think, because", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00376-00178439-00178870": "most people would teach you that all genes are born from other genes. Our data suggests", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00377-00178870-00179202": "that this thing was born from a transcript that was probably neutral in terms of evolution.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00378-00179202-00179748": "Then about 25 million years to 12 million years ago, in the common ancestor of orangutan,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00379-00179748-00180262": "gorilla, and chimpanzee in human, it began to move, it began to duplicate. Some copies", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00380-00180262-00180761": "on this lineage duplicating specifically heavily in chromosome 16 and here duplicating on chromosome", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00381-00180761-00181314": "13. At this point, when it began to duplicate based on expression analysis in orangutan,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00382-00181314-00181797": "chimpanzee, and human, we see ubiquitous pattern of expression. It’s expressed in every tissue", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00383-00181797-00182180": "in orangutan and in human that we’ve ever analyzed to date. So we’ve looked at about", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00384-00182180-00182663": "a dozen in orangutan and about 32 different tissues in human.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00385-00182663-00183169": "Between seven and 12 million years ago, not on this lineage but on the African Great Ape", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00386-00183169-00183821": "human lineage, we see extreme positive selection. KAKS values on the order of, like, 10 compared", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00387-00183821-00184374": "to the Old World monkey sequence, suggesting that at that point some mutation must have", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00388-00184374-00184935": "occurred to lead to an open reading frame that was essentially selective and then became", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00389-00184935-00185346": "fixed at a very high frequency in the population. So the 98 percent amino acid changes that", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00390-00185346-00185725": "I mentioned are occurring right here at this branch.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00391-00185725-00186160": "So we believe that the movement of this core led to the emergence of a novel gene family", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00392-00186160-00186523": "about seven million years ago; probably one of the youngest and most rapidly evolving", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00393-00186523-00186653": "genes in the human species.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00394-00186653-00187169": "So in summary, I’ve talked about the architecture of the Human Genome, with respect to these", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00395-00187169-00187605": "large blocks of duplication, I talked about how complex they were, and specifically showed", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00396-00187605-00188114": "you some examples of how these complex, all of this complex architecture can predispose", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00397-00188114-00188614": "to De novo, large deletions, probably of huge significant effect or selective effect within", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00398-00188614-00189091": "the population. Our targeted approach has uncovered four new microdeletion syndromes,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00399-00189091-00189583": "and we’ve shown that they’re recurrent De novo. And I think the question remains", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00400-00189583-00190002": "unanswered: what is the importance of this mechanism toward complex disease? Because", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00401-00190002-00190437": "if you think about it none of these events can be tagged using a tag SNP. Because they’re", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00402-00190437-00190835": "De novo, they’re occurring in some cases on different haplotypes.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00403-00190835-00191383": "Then I talked about the evolutionary significance of these regions; particularly the core architecture", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00404-00191383-00191801": "that we think has emerged to account for the expansion of intrachromosomals within the", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00405-00191801-00192260": "human Great Ape lineage. And particularly, I’ll leave you with this kind of final thought,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00406-00192260-00192685": "maybe the negative selection of these microdeletion and microduplication events that exist in", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00407-00192685-00193277": "our species may be partially offset by the positive effect of having newly minted genes,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00408-00193277-00193772": "many copies of them, at new locations. And if you think about it, there’s a huge challenge", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00409-00193772-00194150": "ahead, even though they’re few in number, is to work out what are the functions of these", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00410-00194150-00194577": "types of genes that don’t exist in out-group species and that are embedded in these very", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00411-00194577-00194958": "complex regions of the Genome where STS and SNP mappers fear to tread.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00412-00194958-00195065": "[laughter]", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00413-00195065-00195565": "And we hope to continue hopefully -- I think my students say it’s going to be on my epitaph,", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00414-00195565-00195935": "that he found these genes but never actually showed the function of a single one. Maybe", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00415-00195935-00196289": "five years from now I can come back and share with you some evidence that they’re actually", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00416-00196289-00196777": "functional. So, acknowledge these folks: Andy Sharp [spelled phonetically], Heather Mefford", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00417-00196777-00197042": "[spelled phonetically]. They did most of the post docs that worked on the human disease", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00418-00197042-00197269": "angle. Matt Johnson [spelled phonetically] and Zo Xi Jang [spelled phonetically], they", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00419-00197269-00197636": "are both students who did all of the work with respect to the evolution of these core", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00420-00197636-00198203": "regions. Good colleagues in sequencing centers, Baylor Washoe [spelled phonetically] and specifically", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00421-00198203-00198813": "at NISC, who rose to the challenge of sequencing some of these very difficult clones. I think", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00422-00198813-00199185": "I have a reputation, probably rightly deserved, that these are some of the nastiest clones", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00423-00199185-00199688": "for sequencing centers to sequence. Thank the patience of people like Bashali Mascari", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00424-00199688-00200053": "[spelled phonetically], Bob Blakesly [spelled phonetically], and really Jerry Bouchard [spelled", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00425-00200053-00200505": "phonetically], who really took these on and took them to completion, at least within the", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00426-00200505-00201069": "primates. And a lot of great colleagues, clinical colleagues, particularly overseas, that have", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00427-00201069-00201459": "been very forthcoming in providing samples and working on collaborations. Thank you.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00428-00201459-00201586": "[applause]", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00429-00201586-00202603": "Dr. Eric Green: We have time for quick questions. Any questions", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00430-00202603-00202703": "from the floor?", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00431-00202703-00202929": "Dr. Evan Eichler: Richard’s got one.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00432-00202929-00203382": "Dr. Eric Green: Richard, you’ve got one? Come over here.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00433-00203382-00203742": "Dr. Richard Gibbs: Yea. Evan, what about mild mice? Have you", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00434-00203742-00204153": "got any duplication data there? Have they got the same low level of these events?", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00435-00204153-00204535": "Dr. Evan Eichler: Nothing on -- you mean wild outbred mice?", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00436-00204535-00205003": "Yea, so no information on wild yet. We have a lot of information from the inbreds over", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00437-00205003-00205513": "the duplicated regions, and they show as much variation as humans do. The only difference", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00438-00205513-00206058": "is that variation is restricted to the duplications which are tandem, and doesn’t influence", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00439-00206058-00206321": "these unique stretches between the interspersed duplications.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00440-00206321-00206652": "Dr. Eric Green: So I want to ask a question and we’re trying", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00441-00206652-00207136": "to get a PowerPoint loaded, so I’ll also stall a little. Evan, so the screen that you", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00442-00207136-00207575": "did of the pediatric patients, you made some comment that if you screened for more pediatric", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00443-00207575-00207960": "diseases you’d like to find more of these copy number changes, but there’s no reason", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00444-00207960-00208416": "to think if you screened unusual adult onset diseases you might find similar.", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00445-00208416-00208709": "Dr. Evan Eichler: Right. No, we’ve toyed with the idea and", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00446-00208709-00209336": "we’re thinking about doing a more adult-oriented disease, I guess. I guess I kind of have this", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00447-00209336-00209688": "fundamental belief that if we can show it at a pediatric level, there’ll be a stronger", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00448-00209688-00210069": "genetic component, and so I’m more interested in actually screening more kids with disease", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00449-00210069-00210467": "in which we don’t have a good explanation, than actually looking at diseases where environment", "kJoxtzY5vEE-00450-00210467-00210755": "will play probably a bigger role and genetics might play less."}}, {"audio_id": "kKo3vSqf6Gk", "text": {"kKo3vSqf6Gk-00000-00000007-00000262": "This year governments will discuss", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00001-00000274-00000562": "the preparations of the United Nations General Assembly on drugs", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00002-00000574-00000820": "that will take place next year in New York.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00003-00000832-00001135": "UNGASS provides an opportunity to rethink", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00004-00001147-00001385": "what we have been doing over the last fifty years.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00005-00001397-00001632": "The world has changed", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00006-00001644-00001930": "and the world drug policy has also evolved.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00007-00001942-00002294": "But have the objectors of the drug treaties ,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00008-00002306-00002666": "which are to ensure the health and well-fare of our populations,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00009-00002678-00002842": "really become outdated?", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00010-00002877-00003029": "I donÕt think so.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00011-00003097-00003439": "We do believe that policy changes can be achieved", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00012-00003451-00003733": "within the existing legal drug control framework.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00013-00003745-00004119": "The most popular mantra of the commission was shared responsibility.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00014-00004131-00004613": "The world drug problem remains common and shared responsibility...", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00015-00004625-00004959": "...on the basis of the principle  of common and shared responsibility...", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00016-00004971-00005161": "...common and shared responsibility.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00017-00005173-00005461": "For some member states, most of them Latin American,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00018-00005473-00005732": "this shared responsibility should lead to an open debate about the alternatives", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00019-00005744-00005994": "of current politic drug policies.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00020-00006006-00006589": "We agree with Mexico, Guatemala, Columbia, and Equador", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00021-00006601-00007102": "with the support of other Latin American ??? state that", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00022-00007114-00007555": "this ??? process for the UNGASS should warranty", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00023-00007567-00007885": "our real debate and dialogue.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00024-00007897-00008197": "The war on drug problem is a complex issue", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00025-00008209-00008457": "that is not possible to approach in a", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00026-00008469-00008781": "simplistic single-minded way.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00027-00008793-00009232": "As such, for years we have called in this forum", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00028-00009244-00009557": "for abroad and diverse debate", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00029-00009569-00009910": "without constraint or  taboos.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00030-00009922-00010385": "What is the position of the group of Latin American countries on UNGASS?", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00031-00010397-00010577": "What do they want to achieve next year?", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00032-00010589-00010897": "The first challenge of the Latin American and Caribbean group is", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00033-00010909-00011122": "to achieve a common position.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00034-00011134-00011471": "There is a majority of countries that see the UNGASS", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00035-00011483-00011763": "as an opportunity to have an open debate where", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00036-00011775-00012108": "old policy alternatives can be debated and analized.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00037-00012120-00012398": "In general I would say that the aim of the region is", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00038-00012410-00012803": "to acknowledge and make visible the negative economic", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00039-00012815-00013097": "and social consequencies of the war on drugs", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00040-00013110-00013513": "so the international community can  disclose whether", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00041-00013538-00013907": "is still relevant to just tackle and approach the drug phenomena", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00042-00013919-00014435": "from one perspective rather than from comprehensive approach", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00043-00014447-00014762": "including development, public health, justice,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00044-00014774-00015037": "human rights and other very relevant issues", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00045-00015049-00015136": "not just security.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00046-00015207-00015441": "Does it mean that there are some Latin American countries that", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00047-00015453-00015620": "would change the treaties themselves?", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00048-00015663-00016026": "I donÕt neccesserily see the UNGASS being", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00049-00016038-00016356": "in that particular occasion in which Latin American", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00050-00016368-00016708": "will directly advocate for treaty reform.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00051-00016720-00016997": "Although I would say that the Latin American region is", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00052-00017009-00017388": "one of the regions that are pushing the most for the UNGASS", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00053-00017400-00017608": "to have a very strong political outcome.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00054-00017620-00017956": "However the majority of UN member states and institutions", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00055-00017968-00018166": "think drug prohibition works well.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00056-00018178-00018335": "So they donÕt want to open a debate about", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00057-00018347-00018590": "the UN drug conventions at the next year UNGASS.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00058-00018602-00018905": "The drug control treaties are not outdated.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00059-00018934-00019354": "Neither they are irrelevant, nor they are inapplicable.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00060-00019366-00019625": "Like the chart of the United Nations", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00061-00019637-00019838": "and The Universal Declaration of Human Rights,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00062-00019873-00020105": ", the drug control treaties are stood the test of time.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00063-00020193-00020372": "And remained valid and relevant today,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00064-00020431-00020566": "drugs have not changed,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00065-00020578-00020782": "the human biology has not changed.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00066-00020885-00021280": "What needs revalidated is the commitment of states", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00067-00021292-00021551": "towards the full application of the treaties.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00068-00021563-00021866": "What do you expect from next year is UNGASS on drugs?", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00069-00021878-00022311": "Well, in 2016 UNGASS will be a meeting", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00070-00022323-00022577": "the general assembly and special session to talk about", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00071-00022589-00022734": "the problem of the war on drugs.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00072-00022746-00023145": "My concern is that if we just go to UNGASS", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00073-00023145-00023490": "and just talk nothing will have been accomplished.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00074-00023502-00023847": "We need amendments to the United NationsÕ drug treaties,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00075-00023886-00024164": "signed and filed and advanced of UNGASS", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00076-00024202-00024537": "so a nation who was unhappy with the particular aspect", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00077-00024549-00024785": "of drug policy should file an amendment.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00078-00024797-00025122": "The United States should sign and file a petition to, say,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00079-00025134-00025424": "end the cannabis prohibition in these treaties.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00080-00025436-00025709": "Uruguay could sign the same statement.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00081-00025721-00026074": "And then the countries of the world would have something specific", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00082-00026086-00026386": "to debate and act upon when they get to UNGASS", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00083-00026398-00026551": "instead of just talking about it.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00084-00026563-00026959": "I would like to see more organisations from different kinds of sectors", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00085-00026971-00027445": "coming out and explaining that this is their turf as well.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00086-00027457-00027722": "Because I think for too long itÕs just been to drugs NGOs", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00087-00027734-00028167": "itÕs too easy to sideline or silence us.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00088-00028197-00028478": "But when the lights of human rights spoke out more,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00089-00028490-00028756": "when health poverty actions recently spoke out more", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00090-00028768-00029146": "and if we can get child rights organisations just pointing out", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00091-00029158-00029348": "the intersections you donÕt always have to agree with", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00092-00029360-00029474": "policy solutions.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00093-00029486-00029741": "Just pointing out that this is actually a far,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00094-00029753-00030232": "a very wide reaching policy area.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00095-00030283-00030555": "And is trampling human rights in different parts of the world", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00096-00030567-00030699": "and is undermining development", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00097-00030711-00030818": "and is a security nightmare.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00098-00030830-00031048": "Many-many countries are calling through,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00099-00031060-00031251": "you know, we need to take a public health approach", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00100-00031263-00031518": "to illicit drugs, or legal drugs.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00101-00031553-00031660": "And what they...", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00102-00031685-00031974": "many times thatÕs well intentioned,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00103-00031986-00032168": "thats not a bad thing per se,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00104-00032180-00032447": "but what they don't really want to consider,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00105-00032459-00032828": "is some of the more powerful public health interventions", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00106-00032840-00033111": "which are the regulatory interventions.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00107-00033123-00033449": "I mean the successes we've had on tobacco", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00108-00033461-00033825": "in various countries has not been just because", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00109-00033837-00034028": "we educated people about it", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00110-00034040-00034329": "and we did some research to find out their harms.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00111-00034341-00034642": "We regulate the heck out of the product.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00112-00034654-00034915": "We tell people how old they have to be to buy it,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00113-00034927-00035120": "where they can buy it, where they can smoke it,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00114-00035132-00035305": "where they canÕt smoke it mostly.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00115-00035317-00035796": "So in some countries the regulatory aspects of it", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00116-00035808-00035972": "are really profound.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00117-00035984-00036245": "And they complement the educational", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00118-00036257-00036515": "and the research aspects of it.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00119-00036527-00036879": "And you use enforcement to bust people", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00120-00036891-00037069": "who are selling to minors,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00121-00037081-00037316": "and bust people who are producing illegally,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00122-00037328-00037547": "that sort of stuff, like those who arenÕt licensed producers.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00123-00037559-00037822": "So public health has a lot of power and", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00124-00037834-00038317": "some much of that power is through their regulatory interventions.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00125-00038329-00038760": "So we should be looking at how can we use", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00126-00038772-00039093": "that type of framework for currently illegal drugs.", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00127-00039118-00039412": "On a good day UNGASS is a big opportunity", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00128-00039438-00039975": "to open the door to new ways of thinking", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00129-00039987-00040112": "and approaching this issue,", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00130-00040124-00040329": "on a bad day...", "kKo3vSqf6Gk-00131-00040341-00040913": "itÕs gonna be just more the same and not much different."}}, {"audio_id": "kKsRhucshN0", "text": {"kKsRhucshN0-00000-00000000-00000200": "INE BUUNY (credits)"}}, {"audio_id": "kKzr1Vxdezk", "text": {"kKzr1Vxdezk-00000-00000322-00000490": "-  Hi YouTube", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00001-00000540-00001174": "- Today we will do trekking geiters.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00002-00001394-00001636": "- This example is for the right foot.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00003-00002856-00003056": "- Waterproof fabric.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00004-00003098-00003297": "For front side, we've added Velcro fastener.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00005-00003446-00003810": "- We've added clasp to fasten.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00006-00003846-00004084": "- We preferred to snap alignment.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00007-00004384-00004584": "- Bottom is elastic.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00008-00004870-00005106": "- Bungee to the bottom.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00009-00005438-00005638": "- Rear is elasticated", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00010-00006068-00006623": "- The front section can be adjusted.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00011-00007570-00008066": "- As you can see, the product is being used in this way.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00012-00008134-00008652": "- It can also be used in summer and winter boots.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00013-00008718-00008798": "- Hook", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00014-00009228-00009768": "- How it is used on top of the video you can see already.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00015-00009986-00010546": "- You can ask if you do not understand.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00016-00010678-00010878": "- Because I answer.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00017-00011022-00012010": "- Project templates can be accessed from the link above.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00018-00012400-00012600": "- This is all for now.", "kKzr1Vxdezk-00019-00012678-00013097": "- Do not forget to make comment and subscribe."}}, {"audio_id": "kKCQ-j6cL8M", "text": {"kKCQ-j6cL8M-00000-00000001-00000105": "(male narrator) In this video,", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00001-00000105-00000301": "we will begin solving age problems", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00002-00000301-00000509": "where we attempt to find the age of individuals", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00003-00000509-00000801": "at a given point in time.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00004-00000801-00001000": "To help us organize our information,", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00005-00001000-00001203": "we will put everything in a table.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00006-00001203-00001401": "In the first column,", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00007-00001401-00001700": "we will list the two individuals we are considering.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00008-00001700-00001808": "In the second column,", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00009-00001808-00002207": "we will put the information we have about their age right now.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00010-00002207-00002509": "We will then consider some type of change in time.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00011-00002509-00002707": "In the last column,", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00012-00002707-00003100": "we will add or subtract the amount of change occurring.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00013-00003100-00003304": "Once we have the table filled in,", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00014-00003304-00003502": "we will consider an equation", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00015-00003502-00003804": "for either the past or the future.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00016-00004007-00004209": "This equation combined with the table", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00017-00004209-00004602": "will allow us to answer the questions.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00018-00004602-00005007": "Let's consider an example where we can see this work out.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00019-00005007-00005401": "Here, we see that we are comparing two people.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00020-00005401-00005707": "We are comparing Sue and Brian.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00021-00005707-00006108": "Right now, we see that Sue is 5 years younger than Brian.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00022-00006108-00006308": "This tells us nothing about Brian,", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00023-00006308-00006509": "so he will be our variable.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00024-00006509-00006707": "Sue is 5 years younger.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00025-00006707-00007004": "To show she's 5 years younger than x,", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00026-00007004-00007406": "we simply have to subtract 5 from x.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00027-00007406-00007708": "Next, we are told in 7 years.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00028-00007708-00008101": "This moves us 7 years in the future.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00029-00008101-00008305": "This means we have to add 7", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00030-00008305-00008606": "to the Sue cell and the Brian cell:", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00031-00008606-00009009": "x minus 5, plus 7, will give us x plus 2.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00032-00009009-00009508": "When we add 7 to Brian's cell, we simply get x plus 7.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00033-00009508-00009907": "Now, we can consider the rest of the sentence.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00034-00009907-00010302": "The sum of their ages is 49.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00035-00010302-00010504": "This means Sue plus Brian", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00036-00010504-00010906": "is going to equal 49 years in the future,", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00037-00010906-00011105": "so we can replace Sue", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00038-00011105-00011507": "with Sue's information from the future: x plus 2.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00039-00011507-00011709": "We can also replace Brian", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00040-00011709-00012300": "with Brian's information from the future: x plus 7.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00041-00012300-00012507": "This equals 49.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00042-00012507-00012906": "This gives us an equation we can quickly solve.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00043-00012906-00013203": "First, we can combine like terms:", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00044-00013203-00013703": "2x plus 9, equals 49.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00045-00013703-00014305": "Subtracting 9 from both sides will give us 2x equals 40.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00046-00014305-00014907": "Dividing both sides by 2 will tell us that x equals 20.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00047-00014907-00015306": "Recall from our table, we said x was Brian's age.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00048-00015306-00015801": "Sue is x minus 5, or 20 minus 5.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00049-00015801-00016304": "This means Sue is 15 years, and Brian is 20 years.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00050-00016600-00016800": "Let's consider another example", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00051-00016800-00017104": "where we can build a table and an equation", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00052-00017104-00017400": "to answer the age problem.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00053-00017505-00017907": "In this problem, we are comparing two new people.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00054-00017907-00018402": "In this problem, we have Maria and Sonia.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00055-00018402-00018700": "What we know about their age right now", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00056-00018700-00019002": "is that Maria is 10 years older than Sonia.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00057-00019002-00019202": "This tells us nothing about Sonia,", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00058-00019202-00019402": "so she is our variable.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00059-00019402-00019601": "Maria is 10 years older,", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00060-00019601-00020006": "meaning we have to add 10 to x, or Sue's age.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00061-00020006-00020206": "The next part of our sentence", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00062-00020206-00020601": "tells us the change in time: 8 years ago.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00063-00020601-00020902": "We must subtract 8 from both cells,", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00064-00020902-00021505": "giving us x plus 2 and x minus 8 from Maria and Sue's age.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00065-00021505-00021809": "The rest of the sentence will give us our equation.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00066-00021809-00022305": "Maria was--or equals-- 3 times Sonia's age.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00067-00022305-00022506": "Again, we can replace Maria", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00068-00022506-00023102": "with the Maria information from the past: x plus 2,", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00069-00023102-00023705": "equals 3 times Sonia's age in the past was x minus 8.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00070-00023705-00023909": "This now gives us an equation", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00071-00023909-00024303": "we can quickly solve to answer the problem.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00072-00024303-00024805": "First, we distribute: and x plus 2, equals 3x, minus 24.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00073-00024805-00025202": "Move the variable to one side by subtracting x", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00074-00025202-00025700": "gives us 2 equals 2x, minus 24.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00075-00025700-00026404": "Adding 24 to both sides gives us 26 equals 2x.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00076-00026404-00026908": "Finally, dividing both sides by 2 tells us that x equals 13.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00077-00027101-00027400": "x is what we had for Sonia's age.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00078-00027400-00027901": "Maria is x plus 10, or 13 plus 10.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00079-00027901-00028203": "Maria is 23 years old.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00080-00028203-00028600": "Sonia is 13 years old.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00081-00028600-00028709": "And that completes our problem.", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00082-00028709-00029009": "By setting up our table with the given information,", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00083-00029009-00029209": "the amount of change that occurs", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00084-00029209-00029506": "in an equation for the future or past,", "kKCQ-j6cL8M-00085-00029506-00029809": "we can quickly solve in age problem."}}, {"audio_id": "kL0ziHEFP0g", "text": {"kL0ziHEFP0g-00000-00000000-00000200": "why do you have captions on", "kL0ziHEFP0g-00001-00000207-00000407": "you should subscribe", "kL0ziHEFP0g-00002-00000433-00000633": "like the video", "kL0ziHEFP0g-00003-00000633-00000833": "watch the video 10 times in 0.25 speed (worth it)"}}, {"audio_id": "kLOEoB5MsrQ", "text": {"kLOEoB5MsrQ-00000-00000218-00000485": "Today, we are driving through the southern shore", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00001-00000485-00000667": "and we are heading for a hike", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00002-00000667-00000870": "which is somewhere between the cities of", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00003-00000870-00001014": "Vila Franca and Furnas.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00004-00001014-00001203": "I kind of knew about the existence", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00005-00001203-00001306": "of this place,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00006-00001306-00001544": "but have never really visited it yet.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00007-00003198-00003581": "This is the trail, which we are about to do today.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00008-00003581-00003878": "The hike starts on the main road", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00009-00003878-00004121": "near the sign to Amora beach.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00010-00005503-00005832": "Once you start the hike, you will get amazing views", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00011-00005832-00006010": "of the coastline and the beach,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00012-00006010-00006256": "to which you need to take a little detour,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00013-00006256-00006384": "if you would like to visit it.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00014-00006384-00006662": "If you are not planning to do the full hike,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00015-00006662-00006869": "you could just visit the Amora beach,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00016-00006869-00007137": "which is a very peaceful, volcanic beach,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00017-00007137-00007382": "and it only gets a very few visitors.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00018-00007440-00007800": "The hike is short, it takes 15 - 20 minutes", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00019-00007800-00008123": "and it is not possible to go down by car.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00020-00008123-00008394": "You will need to take good shoes", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00021-00008394-00008684": "because the road leading to the beach is a steep,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00022-00008684-00008804": "dirt road.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00023-00008804-00009030": "For the best experience,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00024-00009030-00009281": "try to go during low tide.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00025-00010919-00011155": "Now, we took a little detour", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00026-00011155-00011367": "from the original hiking trail", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00027-00011367-00011516": "to visit the Amora beach.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00028-00011516-00011868": "To get back to the Ponta Garca - Lobeira trail,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00029-00011868-00012274": "it is necessary to return back by the dirt path stairs", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00030-00012274-00012532": "which led down to the Amora beach.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00031-00012532-00012833": "Keep hiking up, until you see the crossroad", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00032-00012833-00013060": "where you made the detour to the beach", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00033-00013060-00013354": "Then, to get back on the trail,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00034-00013354-00013774": "you need to take the right, and again start descending towards sea level.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00035-00013964-00014260": "There are a lot of uphills and downhills,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00036-00014260-00014454": "so you will get amazing views.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00037-00014454-00014714": "The majority of the path of this trail", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00038-00014714-00015083": "runs through a small, sometimes very narrow pathway.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00039-00015262-00015491": "You will pass a couple of other beaches,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00040-00015491-00015597": "a small house,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00041-00015597-00015780": "and a traditional vineyard.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00042-00015780-00016154": "The length of the hike is around 5.5 km", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00043-00016154-00016488": "and it takes approximately 2.5 hours.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00044-00020595-00020769": "While we hike through the beach here,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00045-00020769-00020921": "we are going to give a very quick", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00046-00020921-00021066": "follow-up story to", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00047-00021066-00021272": "the previous video, which was on", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00048-00021272-00021536": "\"Who integrated the Azores to the map of Europe?\"", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00049-00021536-00021873": "We already know that the settlement on different islands", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00050-00021873-00022095": "happened in different times.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00051-00022095-00022366": "and also that it had quite a slow pace", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00052-00022366-00022659": "because the Crown was investing money and", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00053-00022659-00022993": "energy into different affairs, into their priorities.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00054-00022993-00023193": "Now the follow up story is that", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00055-00023193-00023417": "well, there are actually two,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00056-00023417-00023625": "and the first one is that", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00057-00023625-00023922": "\"What were the struggles of the first settlers?\"", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00058-00023922-00024056": "and the second is that", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00059-00024056-00024452": "\"Why would people even want to move to the Azores?\"", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00060-00024452-00025015": "Arriving and settling on the island was not easy for the first settlers.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00061-00025015-00025233": "Because there was practically nothing.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00062-00025233-00025516": "And since it's a volcanic archipelago,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00063-00025516-00025976": "also the coastlines were not so much accessible.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00064-00025976-00026309": "They had to raise animals, they had to find drinking water,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00065-00026309-00026652": "they had to raise the animals for food and also for transportation", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00066-00026652-00026903": "There were no houses, no boats,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00067-00026903-00027233": "so they had to construct everything.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00068-00027233-00027679": "They also had to make their own tools for agriculture.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00069-00027679-00027787": "and for housing.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00070-00027787-00028198": "And plus, there was always a risk of volcanic eruption", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00071-00028198-00028348": "and earthquakes.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00072-00028348-00028622": "And now the second part of the follow-up story,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00073-00028622-00028969": "and that is that \"Why would people even want to come here?\"", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00074-00028969-00029386": "Apparently there were many different reasons and motivations", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00075-00029386-00029635": "Many people just saw it as a great opportunity to", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00076-00029635-00029920": "move and to start a new life on a new place.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00077-00029920-00030315": "Also the benefits, such as the exemption of the fee", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00078-00030315-00030510": "which was granted by the Crown,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00079-00030510-00030698": "seemed quite attractive.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00080-00030698-00031084": "And now, also people who were dishonoured on the mainland", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00081-00031084-00031335": "saw moving as a great opportunity", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00082-00031335-00031629": "because they saw the Azores as a foreign place,", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00083-00031629-00031910": "where they didn't know anybody and nobody knew them.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00084-00031910-00032280": "So this means that many thought they could just regain", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00085-00032280-00032483": "their social status.", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00086-00032483-00032918": "and they just saw the islands as a kind of a \"refugee place\"", "kLOEoB5MsrQ-00087-00032918-00033372": "That was the fun fact and now we go and finish the hike."}}, {"audio_id": "kMnKDJ1TT7Y", "text": {"kMnKDJ1TT7Y-00000-00000762-00001648": "Mix 60gr cold butter with 90gr plain flour until they look like breadcrumbs", "kMnKDJ1TT7Y-00001-00003076-00005112": "Add 70gr graviera cheese, 2-3Tbs cold water and keep mixing", "kMnKDJ1TT7Y-00002-00006508-00007122": "Add 6gr salt and knead until the dough is ready", "kMnKDJ1TT7Y-00003-00007923-00008446": "Place in cling film and shape in a square", "kMnKDJ1TT7Y-00004-00010890-00011298": "Chill for 30 minutes", "kMnKDJ1TT7Y-00005-00011448-00013056": "Optionally mix 100gr cold butter with 150gr plain flour until they look like breadcrumbs", "kMnKDJ1TT7Y-00006-00013402-00017162": "Add 75gr graviera cheese, 1 egg yolk,2-3Tbs cold water, paprika and oregano and keep mixing", "kMnKDJ1TT7Y-00007-00017464-00017836": "Knead until the dough is ready", "kMnKDJ1TT7Y-00008-00019806-00020252": "Place in cling film and shape in a square", "kMnKDJ1TT7Y-00009-00021308-00021772": "Chill for 30 minutes", "kMnKDJ1TT7Y-00010-00022818-00023842": "Roll the dough (not too thick) and use a cookie cutter to shape the crackers", "kMnKDJ1TT7Y-00011-00026558-00028545": "Coat with egg white and bake at 180 C until golden"}}, {"audio_id": "kMrLZpWPQG4", "text": {"kMrLZpWPQG4-00000-00000104-00000521": "Directed by Keoni Carrion (IG - @keonifilms)", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00001-00000554-00000704": "NEFFEX", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00002-00000704-00000863": "FREE ME", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00003-00001160-00001484": "You can try to play, but you're never gonna beat me", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00004-00001484-00001810": "Look the other way, what I'm doing ain't easy", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00005-00001810-00002118": "Bloody hands stained from the people who deceive me", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00006-00002118-00002440": "Muddy hands break through the chains go, free me.", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00007-00002452-00002777": "Looking for change, looking for pain Pulling a mob, pushin' a train", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00008-00002777-00003124": "I'll never stop, stick to a lane, Pick up the pieces and go rearrange, uh!", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00009-00003174-00003424": "I'll be the best, above all the rest, Put me to a test and", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00010-00003489-00003645": "Expect nothing less, you're checkers, I'm chess", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00011-00003645-00003741": "What's happening next? Yeah.", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00012-00003741-00004041": "He got the venom, tangible weapon, no coming in second, this life is a lesson", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00013-00004041-00004204": "He got a new engine, from pain that's a blessing", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00014-00004204-00004358": "New focus no guessing, just bold and obsession", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00015-00004358-00004663": "All in his possession, you got their attention, Now leave an impression, and take your redemption", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00016-00004679-00005021": "Just kill no discretion, your mind is a weapon Eleven, eleven, it's time for progression, uh!", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00017-00005037-00005322": "You can try to play, but you're never gonna beat me", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00018-00005322-00005651": "Look the other way, what I'm doing ain't easy", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00019-00005651-00005964": "Bloody hands stained from the people who deceive me", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00020-00005964-00006281": "Muddy hands break through the chains go, free me", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00021-00006281-00006602": "People like sheep move feet herded easy", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00022-00006602-00006919": "You don't wanna be fast asleep while they scheming", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00023-00006919-00007236": "Better stand tall ready for a fight, believe me", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00024-00007236-00007570": "And when they try the chains, you can say \"No, free me\".", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00025-00007597-00007878": "So he's been looking for somebody who could save him", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00026-00007927-00008204": "Instead of searching inside for what they gave him", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00027-00008242-00008521": "A strong will, strong mind causes mayhem", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00028-00008538-00008838": "We can change the world, change times rearrange them.", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00029-00008850-00009163": "Staying on pace, running the race Life is a chase, I don't wanna place", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00030-00009163-00009501": "I wanna be first, work 'til it hurts Dehydrated thirst, 'til I'm in a hearse, uh", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00031-00009580-00009780": "High ambitions and the right mind", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00032-00009788-00010126": "Can take you so far, it's like you lived a few lifetimes.", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00033-00010135-00010585": "Take off, I'ma break off, from the weak minds, they can stay soft, you can change lives, you create thoughts", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00034-00010594-00011056": "Never waste time, you got one shot, you got one life, better pop off, what do you like? Make a dream job", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00035-00011077-00011403": "No 9 to 5, no mean boss Just my life, and free thoughts.", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00036-00011426-00011715": "You can try to play, but you're never gonna beat me", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00037-00011716-00012045": "Look the other way, what I'm doing ain't easy", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00038-00012045-00012362": "Bloody hands stained from the people who deceive me", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00039-00012362-00012683": "Muddy hands break through the chains go, free me", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00040-00012683-00013013": "People like sheep move feet herded easy", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00041-00013013-00013334": "You don't wanna be fast asleep while they scheming", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00042-00013334-00013647": "Better stand tall ready for a fight, believe me", "kMrLZpWPQG4-00043-00013647-00013984": "And when they try the chains, you can say \"No, free me\"."}}, {"audio_id": "kNktHlxrjhk", "text": {"kNktHlxrjhk-00000-00000025-00000322": "Hi~ this is Jina.", "kNktHlxrjhk-00001-00000322-00000722": "It's been a while. Now I'm in Taipei for a business trip.", "kNktHlxrjhk-00002-00000736-00001016": "and it's the first da, and I've just unpacked my luggage and..", "kNktHlxrjhk-00034-00010623-00010723": "That pan is very expensive;;;", "kNktHlxrjhk-00047-00016602-00016686": "1 DAY, 1 MILK TEA!!"}}, {"audio_id": "kNt-5CZbiUy", "text": {"kNt-5CZbiUy-00000-00000003-00000496": "A bird can fly over the state border and nobody bats an eyelid.", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00001-00000496-00001080": "A human has to apply for a border pass and can only cross if they are considered “essential”", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00002-00001080-00001480": "or are granted an exemption. A deer can freely walk", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00003-00001480-00002007": "outside and eat in a field of grass. A human must prove their vaccination", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00004-00002007-00002696": "status to sit down in an outdoor cafe. An owl can freely seek shelter in a tree.", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00005-00002696-00003067": "A human has to pay another human for the privilege.", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00006-00003067-00003472": "An impala can freely drink water at the local watering hole.", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00007-00003472-00004088": "A human must cover their face to have a picnic. Melbourne residents keen to have a beer with their", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00008-00004088-00004792": "mates will still have to keep their masks on while drinking. Make sure you bring your straws people.", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00009-00004792-00005244": "A dolphin can cross an international border and nothing is said.", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00010-00005244-00005756": "A human must line up and show their passports and vaccination status.", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00011-00005756-00006282": "Hey you! You’re nose isn’t covered properly. Don’t you know anything about science!", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00012-00006282-00006755": "A dog is free to walk around slavering all over the place without a muzzle,", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00013-00006755-00007368": "but paradoxically their human masters muzzle their own dirty, germ-ridden faces.", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00014-00007368-00007910": "Yes, it’s official. Humans are now lower on the social hierarchy than animals.", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00015-00007910-00008461": "We have allowed our cruel masters to enslave us and take away almost all our freedoms.", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00016-00008461-00009000": "While the animals are free to roam from state to state, eating and drinking as they please,", "kNt-5CZbiUy-00017-00009000-00009540": "we live in a world-wide prison of our own creation. Perhaps we deserve it."}}, {"audio_id": "kNAq9UWLWl0", "text": {"kNAq9UWLWl0-00000-00000000-00351866": "EPIC MUSIC"}}, {"audio_id": "kNZuwdZqPG4", "text": {"kNZuwdZqPG4-00000-00000504-00001122": "Welcome to a new video by JESUS H.N. BIGAMER", "kNZuwdZqPG4-00001-00001150-00001605": "you can see in the title, the video is the next", "kNZuwdZqPG4-00002-00001654-00002104": "you know that I play a part fast and then slow", "kNZuwdZqPG4-00003-00002104-00002260": "so", "kNZuwdZqPG4-00004-00002260-00002472": "we start", "kNZuwdZqPG4-00014-00005040-00005318": "well that´s all about the video", "kNZuwdZqPG4-00015-00005318-00005764": "you know that  you can give me a like or dislike", "kNZuwdZqPG4-00016-00005786-00006014": "if it is the first time that you watch one of my videos", "kNZuwdZqPG4-00017-00006014-00006264": "you can subscribe and activate the bell", "kNZuwdZqPG4-00018-00006280-00006636": "for you will know about the future videos", "kNZuwdZqPG4-00019-00006692-00007040": "well, we go to the part slow", "kNZuwdZqPG4-00020-00007144-00007194": "chao"}}, {"audio_id": "kNcJtZuDQlU", "text": {"kNcJtZuDQlU-00000-00000310-00000809": "# One Team Gov - Futures Leadership Global Leadership Workshop - UK time zone.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00001-00000809-00001037": "# 'Leadership in systems’ - Nadine Smith", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00002-00001037-00001579": "Hello everybody, I'm Nadine, Nadine Smith I may have met some of you who are on the", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00003-00001579-00001679": "line.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00004-00001679-00002248": "And it's a real pleasure to be able to talk to you today about leading in communities.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00005-00002248-00003092": "And, in fact, it is it it sort of slightly strange that we are talking about leading", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00006-00003092-00003750": "and communities and systems in a kind of very renewed and energised way almost as if we've", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00007-00003750-00004267": "never realised in all of our lives that we are working in the system.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00008-00004267-00004626": "I just find that really odd for a minute I just wanted to just take a second to sort", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00009-00004626-00005056": "of say what is this kind of huge sudden interest in momentum around systems, I'm glad it's", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00010-00005056-00005423": "here, because it is about time we started to talk about it.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00011-00005423-00005898": "And, you know, it's interesting because I'm sort of doing a little bit of a literature", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00012-00005898-00006479": "review I'm not very literary kind of girl, but you know I did take a good look and see", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00013-00006479-00006992": "what the other this momentum is translating into on into the head of academic papers and", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00014-00006992-00007686": "whether it's reaching the kind of media and new financial capital, said something quite", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00015-00007686-00008285": "interesting, said that the NHS is writing whole systems change into tenders, and others", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00016-00008285-00008778": "are rebadging their approaches under the term ‘systems change’ and local authorities", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00017-00008778-00009244": "are talking about ‘whole systems approaches’, and to help them tackle, very real budget", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00018-00009244-00009514": "challenges, and this is a really interesting so what's happening.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00019-00009514-00010232": "Do you think to create this kind of new momentum and Are you someone who operates in a system", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00020-00010232-00010364": "of course you are.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00021-00010364-00010838": "So if you are working in a system, then I assume you know that you may need to be a", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00022-00010838-00011018": "systems leader.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00023-00011018-00011575": "And what does that mean and and and if you think you're already doing really well, then", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00024-00011575-00011947": "how can you perhaps be a bit better at that.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00025-00011947-00012106": "So, I'm.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00026-00012106-00012454": "Let's first of all, just to say there is a little bit of bad news.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00027-00012454-00012963": "There is no one common definition of being a systems leader.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00028-00012963-00013450": "No, it's for those who are who are really scientific and loves to sort of think about", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00029-00013450-00014113": "maths and answers and this is not for you because you are going to need to be able to", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00030-00014113-00014508": "cope with the ambiguity I love ambiguity.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00031-00014508-00015063": "With the ambiguity of this thing called systems, leading and complexity and all of the other", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00032-00015063-00015724": "things that go with it because it's a more of a practice than a position, I suppose being", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00033-00015724-00016202": "in a kind of adapted collaborative systems leader, which is the sort of things we're", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00034-00016202-00016686": "going to talk about the sort of words that come up when we read around systems leadership", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00035-00016686-00017344": "is about letting go, is about looking across rather than down is about being uncomfortable", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00036-00017344-00018060": "and, and with with faith, facing uncomfortable truths as we've heard about before challenging", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00037-00018060-00018564": "assumptions, thinking about what you think of the shared beliefs and values of those", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00038-00018564-00018966": "working with you, around you and everywhere in the system that impacts on the job that", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00039-00018966-00019204": "you're trying to do as well.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00040-00019204-00019538": "And then we talk about a system then we think well you know i said to one of my colleagues", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00041-00019538-00019955": "the other week what is this system anyway you know what's that you know is I think I", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00042-00019955-00020640": "know what it is but there was an interesting definition Lang Kelly, Chase found some a", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00043-00020640-00021139": "configuration of interaction, this isn't going to make it any easier by the way, interdependent", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00044-00021139-00021583": "parts that are connected through a web of relationships, forming a whole that is greater", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00045-00021583-00022034": "than the sum of its parts, an interconnected and interdependent interdependent series of", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00046-00022034-00022774": "entities overlapping nested networks subsystems etc etc.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00047-00022774-00023444": "So it's a set of people with your scientific molecules cells, interconnected in such a", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00048-00023444-00023885": "way that they produce their own patterns of behaviour over time.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00049-00023885-00024470": "So, this is what many people call complex.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00050-00024470-00025092": "And these definitions demonstrate the sheer difficulty that I have, and many of us do", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00051-00025092-00025488": "here, and you probably have to in explaining how we need to start to think like systems", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00052-00025488-00025619": "leaders.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00053-00025619-00026094": "It's simply infuriating to be at the end of somebody like me talking about it, the thinking", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00054-00026094-00026364": "What does she mean what do I need to do.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00055-00026364-00027110": "So, at CPI we, which is the Centre for public impact that's as Neil said, we help governments", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00056-00027110-00027583": "all over the world to kind of help prepare the, the organisations and leadership teams", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00057-00027583-00027822": "for the future that is already here.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00058-00027822-00028350": "And that future, we believe it's very much based on relationships and collaborative ways", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00059-00028350-00028858": "of working and thinking about systems, not just your own organisation so today you're", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00060-00028858-00029335": "not going to get a top down list for me about how you can be a systems leader, but hopefully", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00061-00029335-00029829": "you can be reassured by the good news and this is the good news bit that therefore to", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00062-00029829-00030508": "be a systems leader, you will be able to adapt for the culture and for the context in which", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00063-00030508-00031045": "you are working, and you will be able to bring your personal self your authentic self into", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00064-00031045-00031331": "being a systems leader too.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00065-00031331-00031772": "And one thing to say is that I do speak to many civil servants and public sector leaders", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00066-00031772-00032208": "and they say, but we're already systems leaders, we don't need to do any more.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00067-00032208-00032580": "I already am doing that I am not a command and control leader.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00068-00032580-00033107": "I have let go power I look across the systems I bring into other organisations all the time", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00069-00033107-00033749": "but after around about 10 minutes of conversation, it becomes clear that at some point, that", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00070-00033749-00034429": "systems leader or the one in waiting starts to hit a bit of a fear, a wall of fear, a", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00071-00034429-00034911": "fear that if they are not doing as they should be by the book that they will fail.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00072-00034911-00035233": "And that failure will lead to disastrous outcomes.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00073-00035233-00035728": "So I think what I'm saying here is that, I'll give you the opposite view.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00074-00035728-00036490": "So, I have the great honour and privilege of working in three major public inquiries.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00075-00036490-00037187": "In my time I was 1718 years as a civil servant in Whitehall in the UK and in that time I", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00076-00037187-00037304": "tried to get out.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00077-00037304-00037865": "And as much as I could to really understand what how systems don't work, and public inquiries", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00078-00037865-00038139": "are the place to really unravel.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00079-00038139-00038761": "What happens when it all goes catastrophic Lee wrong and, and it may be an extreme but", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00080-00038761-00039320": "what I will say is that every single time I saw a leader, a public service be a CEO", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00081-00039320-00039950": "or chief of police or chief of firebreak Brigade, or chief of public social services sit there,", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00082-00039950-00040408": "they would say that they, they simply were being questioned about what they knew was", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00083-00040408-00041071": "going on, you know, levels down levels down from if we were asked, and they would say", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00084-00041071-00041498": "that they tried their best to command and control every situation every eventuality,", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00085-00041498-00041673": "and they obviously couldn't.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00086-00041673-00042184": "And then you bring in the people from the lower.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00087-00042184-00042962": "And then you talk about, then you look levels down, and then people would come into in front", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00088-00042962-00043379": "of public inquiries very upset they've done their best and their job really tried hard,", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00089-00043379-00043873": "but they couldn't work collaboratively and what happens at the end of these public inquiries.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00090-00043873-00044324": "And there's there's many going on right now is that we put more regulation in, we put", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00091-00044324-00045049": "more inspection in, we put more roles in to hopefully deal with the possible unlikely,", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00092-00045049-00045390": "and very rare outcome that something will go wrong, we've got systems designed for the", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00093-00045390-00046099": "worst possible outcome and we think by putting systems in a much more kind of siloed working", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00094-00046099-00046577": "organised way that we're going to solve the problems but actually no, the absolute opposite", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00095-00046577-00046761": "happens.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00096-00046761-00047241": "So that was a bit of a learning for me about the importance of collaboration because every", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00097-00047241-00047655": "time things failed, it was because people weren't didn't feel enabled or empowered to", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00098-00047655-00047825": "work across the system.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00099-00047825-00048580": "It wasn't encouraged, it wasn't valued people's performance wasn't evaluated, like that, and", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00100-00048580-00048968": "that therefore, it was it was actually a hard thing to do people were fighting constantly", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00101-00048968-00049194": "around that system.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00102-00049194-00049456": "But let's talk about you now, and.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00103-00049456-00049861": "And then some of the experiences that you may have had in trying to work across the", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00104-00049861-00050397": "whole system and let's think about why that's important together for a moment, because I'm", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00105-00050397-00051082": "sure that you are trying your very best to be collaborative and adaptive as a leader,", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00106-00051082-00051494": "that's what we spoke about when we talk about systems leaders.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00107-00051494-00051995": "But the fact is the way in which we end the default way we end up working.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00108-00051995-00052680": "No matter how hard we say we're not, is to be in our team, looking down in our silos,", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00109-00052680-00053186": "it's comfortable, it's much better here I feel better here don't I you do as well don't", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00110-00053186-00053526": "you and of course you know what you're doing in your team and your role, you come across", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00111-00053526-00053968": "certain organisations you hit other cultures, or the norms, other ways of thinking, it's", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00112-00053968-00054188": "really really difficult.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00113-00054188-00054748": "But let's remember the ways in which we think about being an effective leader are really", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00114-00054748-00055275": "hardwired into us, this is going to be very difficult to be to be a systems leader across", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00115-00055275-00055783": "complex different cultures, because during boys you were a child and you were growing", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00116-00055783-00056410": "up and you're nurtured and you're taught how to lead as a child, you're told to fight those", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00117-00056410-00056989": "battles on your own, you know, man up, step up, take leadership, don't be dependent on", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00118-00056989-00057089": "other people.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00119-00057089-00057351": "If that is what we tell children all the time.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00120-00057351-00057683": "That's what we were told, so I'm asking you to do the complete opposite.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00121-00057683-00058154": "And it's very very difficult and in the breakout will be thinking about what events shaped", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00122-00058154-00058537": "your view of leadership perhaps it was something when you were a child.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00123-00058537-00058912": "And when did I realise that those methods weren't going to cut it it was actually watching", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00124-00058912-00059139": "my eight year old son play football.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00125-00059139-00059689": "It's the most frustrating thing to watch a team of children play football.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00126-00059689-00059892": "They don't pass the ball.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00127-00059892-00060516": "You're standing at the sidelines and you're like, pass, pass, and they don't want to.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00128-00060516-00061154": "Well, you know, that is exactly how citizens that we've spoken to all over the world at", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00129-00061154-00061817": "the centre of public impact felt they felt like nobody was playing them into the team.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00130-00061817-00062030": "Nobody wanted them on the pitch.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00131-00062030-00062383": "It was a one man, one woman show, there was a hero.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00132-00062383-00063074": "And that wasn't them, and this is about the end of hero leadership now your kid powering", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00133-00063074-00063841": "it down the football pitch is no longer the hero and actually we, it's interesting because", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00134-00063841-00064441": "I talked about no pass the ball, not, you know, pass the ball and not not the blame.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00135-00064441-00065077": "And we I was actually very privileged to hit listen to the England Football Manager recently", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00136-00065077-00065682": "talking about his understanding that came actually later in his career that he was having", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00137-00065682-00065907": "to become this systems leader.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00138-00065907-00066295": "He Himself said you know I wasn't it wasn't all about me anymore.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00139-00066295-00066858": "I had to become an adaptive collaborative leader, I had to let people in, I had to listen", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00140-00066858-00067368": "I had to encourage people all over the place in different organisations and teams and different", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00141-00067368-00068117": "roles and and and people to come in and I had to shut up my voice was not the most important", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00142-00068117-00068286": "voice in the room anymore.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00143-00068286-00068677": "So we're talking about being a kind of system steward.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00144-00068677-00068777": "You are still the boss.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00145-00068777-00069186": "Don't worry, you're still going to get paid as a leader there is not getting rid of, of", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00146-00069186-00069569": "a pioneer that we value experience in systems leadership.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00147-00069569-00070068": "But what we're talking about is that you are someone co creating something really wonderful", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00148-00070068-00070491": "together you are enabling something great to happen.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00149-00070491-00070952": "And so, you will be someone who is seen as someone when we're talking about Kate was", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00150-00070952-00071372": "talking earlier about, you know, when she comes into the room, it lights up the room.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00151-00071372-00071472": "Brilliant.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00152-00071472-00071950": "When it systems leader walks in the room, people know that some of the best conversations", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00153-00071950-00072183": "are going to be had together.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00154-00072183-00072537": "That's the difference between you coming into him and say we can't wait to hear what the", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00155-00072537-00072850": "dean says because when it, because the problem with that is that people will then say on", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00156-00072850-00073212": "a dean You sound like you know what to do, go do it.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00157-00073212-00073456": "Now you're really you're really inspiring clearly on it.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00158-00073456-00073741": "It's a bit like, why don't you be the diversity champion you talk about diversity all the", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00159-00073741-00073841": "time.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00160-00073841-00073941": "No.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00161-00073941-00074517": "So the important thing is don't be the person with the most exciting idea in the room, give", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00162-00074517-00074670": "it to someone else.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00163-00074670-00075047": "So we hire the best people don't wait to tell the truth.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00164-00075047-00075256": "Tell us the truth and fix things for us.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00165-00075256-00075688": "But it might be it's the way that you lead, and who you invite to your table that is setting", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00166-00075688-00076198": "a tone across your whole organisation and tells us whether you are not a systems leader.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00167-00076198-00076775": "We look to leaders for signals for for for tomes, as we talked about.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00168-00076775-00077230": "And you're going to need to think about having a whole new language as a systems leader,", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00169-00077230-00077542": "because it might be that you're trying your very best to collaborate, but the way in which", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00170-00077542-00078063": "you're speaking is doing some is doing you a disservice and at CPI we've been looking", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00171-00078063-00078630": "at the kind of very traditional ways of leading and governments and the public sector.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00172-00078630-00079369": "And we found there to be the words like hierarchy came up, target driven managing transactionality,", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00173-00079369-00079514": "and what works.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00174-00079514-00079898": "Evidence How do we know so you all hear things like this from someone who's not a system", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00175-00079898-00080192": "leader you will hear, we need a great x in the ring.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00176-00080192-00080533": "Yeah, we talked about people in terms of grades.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00177-00080533-00080789": "We've set ambitious targets How will we achieve them.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00178-00080789-00081075": "What's the evidence, will it work.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00179-00081075-00081306": "The customer journey will look like this.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00180-00081306-00081847": "And we have an IT system that can help make sure that they go down that road smoothly.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00181-00081847-00082324": "That is not a system leader way of thinking and I'm not saying that that's not an important", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00182-00082324-00082581": "way to think in some situations.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00183-00082581-00082993": "But what we're talking about is complex problems as we've been talking about today that cuts", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00184-00082993-00083514": "across a number of different organisations and really impact on the person at the centre", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00185-00083514-00083674": "of the human being.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00186-00083674-00084218": "And these kinds of questions is, as innocent and as sensible and as scientific as they", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00187-00084218-00085072": "may seem, make no sense in this complex system, so be careful, if that is how you are speaking.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00188-00085072-00085504": "You are going to need to get out of these offices and you're going to need to empower", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00189-00085504-00085995": "and enable and reward your teams for going out and getting to know people, because when", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00190-00085995-00086235": "we talk about complex matters.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00191-00086235-00086687": "It is only complex because we designed a system so complex that therefore the people we're", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00192-00086687-00087211": "trying to help say their problems are complex, each one is reinforcing the other.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00193-00087211-00087745": "And when people hear that they are complex, oh I come to you with a problem and you're", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00194-00087745-00088210": "like, Whoa, that's a complex systems complex, can we not see that we are.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00195-00088210-00088736": "It's not the person who's got a difficult problem is bit too difficult box.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00196-00088736-00089257": "It's the system has created this difficult person sitting in front of you so in fact", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00197-00089257-00089587": "I don't think we should talk about people having complex problems anymore.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00198-00089587-00090277": "I think they just people with problems and it's the system that has made it so darn complex.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00199-00090277-00090801": "So what we're going to need to talk about now is, is to, I'll give you up in the break,", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00200-00090801-00091344": "we'll talk about kind of what's preventing you from being a systems leader and I'll give", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00201-00091344-00091506": "you a different story as well now.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00202-00091506-00091681": "It's a personal story.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00203-00091681-00092460": "It's a story of how my mom fell on hard times she suddenly found herself that she was a", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00204-00092460-00092560": "businesswoman.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00205-00092560-00092963": "She'd come to this country in the 1960s she worked hard she was a nurse.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00206-00092963-00093460": "And then she fell on some really difficult times, and we knew as kids that things were", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00207-00093460-00093843": "going to be tough for a few months but we didn't expect it to go on for 10 years.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00208-00093843-00094320": "So the reason this happened was it, she went to the job centre.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00209-00094320-00094573": "And she came out in pieces.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00210-00094573-00094948": "So she went in to ask for help she came out and pizza she felt like a number.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00211-00094948-00095214": "She said she felt like a low number at that.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00212-00095214-00095663": "And she felt that someone was talking to her as if she, she felt the system was talking", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00213-00095663-00095925": "to her not a human was talking to her.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00214-00095925-00096383": "Now, that meant that at that point where there was potentially something amazing that could", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00215-00096383-00096961": "happen to that woman support, understanding some patients, some help.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00216-00096961-00097212": "Some holistic support.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00217-00097212-00097617": "She was talking to them about the mortgage company the utilities company can the can", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00218-00097617-00098155": "the rent get paid directly to the council etc etc and all those things were very difficult", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00219-00098155-00098770": "and very complex, apparently, and this meant that she spiralled unfortunately into feeling", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00220-00098770-00099412": "quite demoralised, now that didn't have to be the case that could have been three weeks.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00221-00099412-00099882": "And it ended up being several years, and the similar thing when we talk about female drug", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00222-00099882-00100426": "addicts, for example, and the lack of what's going on with with with the causes of reoffending", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00223-00100426-00100872": "for female drug addicts, I should say, we're talking about the lack of meaningful employment", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00224-00100872-00101210": "opportunities, the way they're prepared for released by the criminal justice system, their", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00225-00101210-00101612": "families, the attitudes of the courts the wider policy on criminalised criminalization", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00226-00101612-00102018": "of drugs, and of course the behaviour of the individual there as well.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00227-00102018-00102538": "So this is a system and it's very complex so when we looked at behaviours and ways of", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00228-00102538-00103281": "leading that we're going to be conducive to a much more smooth running system that thinks", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00229-00103281-00103775": "of people more holistically, we found that to be more the words as you see on the right", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00230-00103775-00104084": "of the screen here that you see more in green.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00231-00104084-00104620": "We saw things like continuous learning, people talking about having feedback loops across", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00232-00104620-00105082": "the systems we heard about the importance of relationships, we've seen, and we've, we've", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00233-00105082-00105551": "heard about subsidiarity so placing power at the place where it makes most sense at", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00234-00105551-00106133": "the lowest possible place if you're thinking of it, top down so places like Wigan in Greater", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00235-00106133-00106503": "Manchester where we've heard, you may have heard of how they've reimagined the way in", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00236-00106503-00107117": "which they could deal with, really tough financial situation by actually always handing the power", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00237-00107117-00107626": "of decision making over to the people of Wigan and making sure that those people have real", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00238-00107626-00108121": "agency not tokenistic consultations, not, not a meeting where we just have a nice chat", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00239-00108121-00108440": "and listen proper power being placed.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00240-00108440-00108988": "That means the whole system has to come together and listen to that community services need", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00241-00108988-00109122": "to join up around them.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00242-00109122-00109634": "That's what we have been seeing, and then we defined governance.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00243-00109634-00110047": "In simple terms, really, meaning that, making sure that you are creating the right incentives", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00244-00110047-00110521": "for perhaps the contractors to come together and rather than compete with one another,", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00245-00110521-00110848": "actually collaborate to solve problems and look at things together holistically actually", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00246-00110848-00111379": "rewarding contracts awarding contracts for those people that really think about how they", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00247-00111379-00111905": "can collaborate in commissioning, and that is also happening in various local authorities", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00248-00111905-00112300": "up and down, the United Kingdom and places across the world.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00249-00112300-00112700": "So the other thing is that we've done it CPI is we kind of wanted to find out from people.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00250-00112700-00113134": "What do you think is missing in these relationships.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00251-00113134-00113709": "What is it you feel you need to see in the system, and they talked to us about, there's", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00252-00113709-00114204": "another slide on this, we call them the CPAs legitimacy behaviours because people talked", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00253-00114204-00114763": "about wanting to strengthen legitimacy, those all important relationships that deep reservoir", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00254-00114763-00115164": "of support that you're going to need to be effective at anything.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00255-00115164-00115936": "So the talks about empathy connections, authentic connections, the ability to scrutinise government", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00256-00115936-00116534": "valuing citizens voices and and responding to them, and transparency and and working", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00257-00116534-00116961": "towards a shared vision together, interesting though, of all the people we spoke to all", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00258-00116961-00117327": "over the world No one said, an effective working it system.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00259-00117327-00117953": "No, nobody said that interesting is you could spend billions on a really really important", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00260-00117953-00118588": "IT system and find that one glitch one failure demand leads to total and utter despair and", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00261-00118588-00119060": "disappointment and that my mom that three weeks, turning into years because you didn't", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00262-00119060-00119603": "have that really important reservoir of support those relationships that you need to build", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00263-00119603-00120042": "right across the system with leaders like you, you're going to need to find them so", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00264-00120042-00120158": "we're talking about.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00265-00120158-00120751": "No more hero leadership as I said we're talking about creating those spaces for people to", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00266-00120751-00121273": "listen to have power and have agency that's something you can join up with other organisations", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00267-00121273-00121750": "services to do, believe me if you do it individually, it won't work, and it will be more expensive", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00268-00121750-00121973": "so if that's the argument that you need.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00269-00121973-00122073": "There it is.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00270-00122073-00122630": "And then you need to also make sure that you kind of surround yourself with people who,", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00271-00122630-00123190": "who think like you and find them and that's what I love about one team gov, and that there", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00272-00123190-00123755": "is a real feel of a team here you know like people are people are connecting around a", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00273-00123755-00124273": "new language, and the words like compassion, love and empathy I'd never thought I'd have", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00274-00124273-00124632": "heard 20 years ago in government but look at look at us now talking about it.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00275-00124632-00125140": "I'm going to an event at Camden Council in London tomorrow on Valentine's Day about love,", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00276-00125140-00125550": "in public services never, ever thought that I would spend my Valentine's day doing that", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00277-00125550-00125832": "but I would do that over anything else in the world.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00278-00125832-00126416": "And then finally, just some systemic barriers I mean I guess there are some really important", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00279-00126416-00126623": "barriers that are in the way for you.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00280-00126623-00127021": "Once you've got rid of your own shaken off your own command and control kind of mentality", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00281-00127021-00127445": "and really thought about the role that you can pay in being that collaborative enabling", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00282-00127445-00127786": "Gareth Southgate if you want.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00283-00127786-00128150": "And that kid on the pitch that passes the ball once you've realised that you can do", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00284-00128150-00128465": "that, then of course you've got those systemic barriers, I know you do.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00285-00128465-00128791": "So then you're going to need to look at the governance of your organisation and its own", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00286-00128791-00129464": "ability to connect with people, because the last thing you want to do is build connections", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00287-00129464-00129946": "across organisations and as as leaders of public services say, let's get together and", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00288-00129946-00130328": "let's create these really nice spaces and those spaces, guess what they thought that", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00289-00130328-00130660": "people will never come back to them again, you're going to need to connect with civic", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00290-00130660-00131111": "leaders charity leaders, voluntary groups and people who know much more than you, about", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00291-00131111-00131553": "how you can understand and connect and collaborate, those conversations will feel really uncomfortable", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00292-00131553-00131872": "at first, I've been in rooms where I've been told to leave if I'm from government.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00293-00131872-00132283": "And I thought, Wow, how can government possibly hold these conversations when I've actually", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00294-00132283-00132845": "just been asked to justify my whole being on this planet, you need to connect with stories,", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00295-00132845-00133417": "young people we've spoken to about what they need in order to build relationships and have", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00296-00133417-00133935": "services designed around them, have said that they need to feel that they, their story matters.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00297-00133935-00134402": "And then you need to hold your own leaders to account, and your teams.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00298-00134402-00134785": "Think about how you reward people, how do you talk to them about their success, what", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00299-00134785-00135077": "do you revaluations like what questions are you asking them.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00300-00135077-00135435": "When you come to your team meetings about what they're doing.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00301-00135435-00135858": "And then think about a couple more things before I end commissioning I know is a huge", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00302-00135858-00136287": "problem and a really big barrier here that you can.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00303-00136287-00136904": "If we stop thinking with these complex cross government cross silo problems if we start", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00304-00136904-00137325": "to reimagine KPIs and we start to rethink about what is success.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00305-00137325-00138054": "And we've worked with citizens who are able to create KPIs that are very, very good.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00306-00138054-00138482": "So, collaborate with the people you're trying to help in actually building those contracts", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00307-00138482-00139155": "and building a sense of what shared success would look like, and know that you can't always", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00308-00139155-00139627": "predict success either, so be careful of talking about things that would work.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00309-00139627-00139838": "We know it will work be adaptive.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00310-00139838-00140033": "Be not afraid to fail.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00311-00140033-00140527": "We talk at CPI about failing forward, and I can talk about that another for a whole", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00312-00140527-00141058": "nother day but but it's about a positive language around failure, rather than it feeling like", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00313-00141058-00141449": "if you fail the whole world's going to come crashing in on units leaders, we've got to", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00314-00141449-00141674": "start to think and speak like that.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00315-00141674-00142063": "And then you need to be a secret shopper you need to get out, not just in your own organisation", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00316-00142063-00142537": "and listen to the phone calls and the call centres, go to someone else's call centre.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00317-00142537-00142991": "Because what might look like a success on your textbooks sheets when people call up", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00318-00142991-00143346": "and say they've got a problem with their welfare payments or doing their tax returns, it may", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00319-00143346-00143512": "be a tick for you.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00320-00143512-00143908": "But behind that the reason they've won again and again and again and again, is because", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00321-00143908-00144330": "there's a whole lot of other problems go going on that are connected to your success.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00322-00144330-00144850": "You need to get yourself out of your organisation, listening in secret if you need to.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00323-00144850-00145350": "But, but putting yourself right next to the person who's got a whole lot of other problems", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00324-00145350-00145697": "and really walk in their shoes and we talked about can we do empathy.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00325-00145697-00146245": "I think if you don't know if you're not naturally empathetic, I think you can teach it by just", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00326-00146245-00146671": "making people get out and walk in their shoes and see it.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00327-00146671-00147141": "Even if they just see something differently for a moment that could help them to develop", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00328-00147141-00147449": "that all important empathy needs in this, I'll stop there.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00329-00147449-00148005": "And thank you very much for listening, and I look forward to hearing some of your questions", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00330-00148005-00148105": "and conversations.", "kNcJtZuDQlU-00331-00148105-00148106": "*Transcribed by https://otter.ai*"}}, {"audio_id": "kpkB35UA2_U", "text": {"kpkB35UA2_U-00000-00000026-00000126": "Hey guys!", "kpkB35UA2_U-00001-00000126-00000259": "Chuck Shueman, Oxmoor Toyota.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00002-00000259-00000710": "We got the 2018 Camerys here, great new updates for this vehicle.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00003-00000710-00001078": "One of the cornerstones of the Toyota brand, and one of the things we're most excited about", "kpkB35UA2_U-00004-00001078-00001566": "with the Toyota Camry, the 2018, it includes our Entune 3.0 system.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00005-00001566-00001969": "Now Entune is our radio head unit, and we've got some really cool updates and features", "kpkB35UA2_U-00006-00001969-00002308": "that they've included in this, and it's only available right now on the Camry, so we're", "kpkB35UA2_U-00007-00002308-00002646": "going to talk a little bit more about that, show you some of the features and things that", "kpkB35UA2_U-00008-00002646-00002971": "it does!", "kpkB35UA2_U-00009-00002971-00003536": "Entune audio 3.0, so Entune comes in three different levels, it comes in either Entune", "kpkB35UA2_U-00010-00003536-00004131": "Audio, Entune Audio Plus, or Entune Audio Premium, and so, three different levels available.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00011-00004131-00004562": "The first time you can have navigation on every single trim in the 2018 Camry thanks", "kpkB35UA2_U-00012-00004562-00004739": "to Entune 3.0.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00013-00004739-00005497": "So the Entune audio you'll get AM, FM, Bluetooth, 7 inch touch screen, you'll also have voice", "kpkB35UA2_U-00014-00005497-00006037": "recognition, voice training so you can talk to the car, Siri's eyes free, and either weather", "kpkB35UA2_U-00015-00006037-00006561": "updated there when your phone is paired to the car.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00016-00006561-00006986": "Entune audio plus includes all the features of Entune audio, but you also get a subscription", "kpkB35UA2_U-00017-00006986-00007364": "to XM radio, which includes cache radio, allowing you to pause live radio.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00018-00007364-00007728": "You also get the connect services, so you get service connect, which connects you right", "kpkB35UA2_U-00019-00007728-00008168": "to your dealership, SOS connect which connexts you to emergency services, remote connect", "kpkB35UA2_U-00020-00008168-00008593": "which is now on your phone, allowing you to talk to your car and you also get wifi connect", "kpkB35UA2_U-00021-00008593-00009207": "embedded here in the app suite, so you can have wifi hotspot in your vehicle.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00022-00009207-00009663": "Entune 3.0 premium audio comes with all of the features of Entune audio plus, but you", "kpkB35UA2_U-00023-00009663-00010303": "also get Embedded dynamic navigation, dynamic point of interest search, dynamic voice recognition,", "kpkB35UA2_U-00024-00010303-00010709": "and you also get destination search assistance connect as well.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00025-00010709-00011271": "So that all comes available either on the XLE or the XSE that's a V6 which is available", "kpkB35UA2_U-00026-00011271-00011542": "there, also includes JBL speakers with clarify.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00027-00011542-00012249": "Okay, so Entune audio in the plus and premium, you have available the connected services,", "kpkB35UA2_U-00028-00012249-00012739": "now, we mentioned those earlier but one of them is the SOS connected service, so if you", "kpkB35UA2_U-00029-00012739-00013131": "look up here, it is available as a button, so this is actually if you push this button", "kpkB35UA2_U-00030-00013131-00013494": "it will connect you to emergency services.If you have some sort of emergency, you need", "kpkB35UA2_U-00031-00013494-00013991": "the police, EMS, fire, it will connect to the emergency services.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00032-00013991-00014486": "This will also alert the authorities if your car is in a wreck and if the car is stolen,", "kpkB35UA2_U-00033-00014486-00014913": "you can contact the SOS department and they can actually track your vehicle.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00034-00014913-00015470": "So, it is part of the connected services available in Entune audio plus and Entune audio premium.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00035-00015470-00016332": "Okay, so service connect available on Entune plus and Entune premium 3.0 is a feature that", "kpkB35UA2_U-00036-00016332-00016793": "will contact your service department at the dealership of your choice when your car needs", "kpkB35UA2_U-00037-00016793-00016893": "maintenance.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00038-00016893-00017340": "So when your oil change is due, you'll get a notification from service connect which", "kpkB35UA2_U-00039-00017340-00017823": "will also contact your dealership so they can schedule an appointment, get you in and", "kpkB35UA2_U-00040-00017823-00017923": "out quickly.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00041-00017923-00018449": "One of the more exciting features on the Entune 3.0 connected services is that the remote", "kpkB35UA2_U-00042-00018449-00018549": "connect.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00043-00018549-00018934": "It is available as an app that you download on your phone, and from remote connect, you", "kpkB35UA2_U-00044-00018934-00019502": "can actually start your engine, you can lock and unlock your car from any distance, you", "kpkB35UA2_U-00045-00019502-00019879": "have a vehicle finder which will actually locate your car, you can check vehicle status", "kpkB35UA2_U-00046-00019879-00020345": "as far as if the windows are rolled down, if the car is unlocked, what the fuel level", "kpkB35UA2_U-00047-00020345-00020882": "is in your vehicle, and you also have a guest driver options, so from that you can set different", "kpkB35UA2_U-00048-00020882-00021379": "things for like a valet, for a family, friends, somebody that is driving your car when you're", "kpkB35UA2_U-00049-00021379-00021835": "not in it, you can set speed limits, distance, you can set curfews on it, all kinds of of", "kpkB35UA2_U-00050-00021835-00022463": "really cool features keep you completely connected with your car right from your phone.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00051-00022463-00022949": "So another connected service available on Entune audio 3.0 in the plus and the premium", "kpkB35UA2_U-00052-00022949-00023193": "is wifi connect, which is really exciting.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00053-00023193-00023916": "It is a Toyota first, so when you go into your app screen here, all of your apps available", "kpkB35UA2_U-00054-00023916-00024410": "in the Entune app suite, and then down there you also see the wifi signup, so when you", "kpkB35UA2_U-00055-00024410-00024928": "purchase your new Camry and you get your phone paired, you can download the apps, you can", "kpkB35UA2_U-00056-00024928-00025636": "set up wifi and actually have a wifi hot spot in your car that your phone can pair to.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00057-00025636-00026033": "So we're really excited about Entune 3.0 and all the new services that it has, especially", "kpkB35UA2_U-00058-00026033-00026456": "those connected services on the plus and the premium, where you get remote connect, wifi", "kpkB35UA2_U-00059-00026456-00026777": "connect, SOS, and service connect as well.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00060-00026777-00027185": "All brand new to our system, and at this point you get navigation in every trim level, which", "kpkB35UA2_U-00061-00027185-00027410": "we've never had before, so we're really excited about it.", "kpkB35UA2_U-00062-00027410-00027763": "Come to Oxmoor Toyota, test drive a new Camry today!"}}, {"audio_id": "kplXkyLeTSu", "text": {"kplXkyLeTSu-00000-00000011-00000378": "Hello everyone, I hope you’re safe and well.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00001-00000378-00000860": "My name is Lucas De Macêdo and in this video I’m gonna talk about a study I did with", "kplXkyLeTSu-00002-00000864-00001188": "Ana and Antonio at Project EMA.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00003-00001188-00001418": "Enjoy!", "kplXkyLeTSu-00004-00001639-00002206": "Sometimes moving our body might seem simple and  ordinary since it is so frequent in our daily lives.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00005-00002316-00002599": "However, some people face a different reality.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00006-00002696-00003134": "Every year, around half a million people suffer  a spinal cord injury,", "kplXkyLeTSu-00007-00003134-00003400": "according to the World Health Organization.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00008-00003432-00003782": "And it’s only one kind of neuromotor impairment.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00009-00003874-00004162": "A spinal cord injury is usually  caused by a trauma", "kplXkyLeTSu-00010-00004174-00004630": "that compromises part of the nervous system,  damaging the communication pathways", "kplXkyLeTSu-00011-00004640-00004984": "between the brain and the rest of the body,  including the muscles.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00012-00005038-00005676": "It leads to localised paralysis in some degree  depending on the severity of the injury and", "kplXkyLeTSu-00013-00005676-00005894": "the affected location.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00014-00006042-00006286": "In rehabilitation some patients are able to move again", "kplXkyLeTSu-00015-00006296-00006776": "through a technology called  neuromuscular electrical stimulation,", "kplXkyLeTSu-00016-00006776-00007162": "the application of small electric pulses  to provoke muscle contraction.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00017-00007259-00007790": "It can give great benefits and experiences to the users,  for example being able to ride", "kplXkyLeTSu-00018-00007790-00008109": "an adapted trike with their own legs.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00019-00008116-00008642": "When the electrical stimulation is used to perform a specific task, it can be treated", "kplXkyLeTSu-00020-00008642-00009177": "as FES, Functional Electrical Stimulation.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00021-00009422-00010108": "Although FES allows patients to regain certain mobility,  there are some aspects that can still be improved.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00022-00010170-00010822": "A challenge nowadays is the rapid muscle fatigue,  which is a common obstacle for longer therapy", "kplXkyLeTSu-00023-00010822-00011238": "sessions and exercises with this technology.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00024-00011238-00011610": "Among the strategies being studied to address this issue,", "kplXkyLeTSu-00025-00011610-00012132": "SDSS is an alternative to deliver the electric pulses.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00026-00012132-00012534": "It stands for spatially distributed sequential stimulation.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00027-00012534-00013019": "And this is the method we explored in this research.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00028-00013244-00013513": "This is the title we gave to the present study.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00029-00013515-00013963": "As one of the first attempts of our research group  to investigate such alternative strategies,", "kplXkyLeTSu-00030-00013963-00014616": "we designed a protocol to compare force and  muscle activity with SDSS and the", "kplXkyLeTSu-00031-00014616-00015128": "conventional method, SES,  or Single Electrode Stimulation.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00032-00015128-00015688": "The experiments consisted of isometric knee extensions  with two volunteers, who’ve had", "kplXkyLeTSu-00033-00015688-00015938": "complete spinal cord injury.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00034-00016018-00016482": "Here is the outline I’ll follow  from now on to explain more about our research.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00035-00016488-00016800": "Starting with the experiment design.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00036-00016930-00017560": "In SES, here on the left, the participant’s quadriceps was stimulated with a single channel,", "kplXkyLeTSu-00037-00017560-00017998": "through one active electrode at a higher frequency.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00038-00017998-00018642": "In SDSS, here on the right, these four smaller electrodes  had one fourth the size of the", "kplXkyLeTSu-00039-00018642-00018970": "larger one, so the overall area remained the same.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00040-00018970-00019528": "And instead of one, we used four stimulator channels in  a way that the overall frequency", "kplXkyLeTSu-00041-00019528-00019695": "was the same with both strategies.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00042-00019696-00020354": "A 4 by 1 adaptor allowed the proximal larger electrode to  be a shared reference.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00043-00020496-00020862": "These plots represent the pulses in time for each method.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00044-00020862-00021531": "In both cases, we applied rectangular biphasic balanced  pulses with a current amplitude of", "kplXkyLeTSu-00045-00021531-00021668": "40 milliamperes.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00046-00021808-00022340": "The pulse width was set individually for each participant,  according to the setup phase,", "kplXkyLeTSu-00047-00022340-00022492": "which I’m about to explain.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00048-00022694-00023269": "Throughout the experiment, we recorded muscle activity  with a single-channel EMG amplifier", "kplXkyLeTSu-00049-00023269-00023802": "and isometric force with a load cell  attached to the participant’s ankle.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00050-00024054-00024426": "We divided the experiment into two main sessions for  each volunteer,", "kplXkyLeTSu-00051-00024442-00024690": "with a minimum of 24 hours in between.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00052-00024802-00025484": "Both legs were stimulated with SDSS in the  first session and with SES in the second.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00053-00025500-00025938": "The initial leg assessed in each session was  chosen at random,", "kplXkyLeTSu-00054-00025938-00026410": "so the apostrophe represents the contralateral leg.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00055-00026426-00026850": "After 5 months we repeated the same protocol with  each participant,", "kplXkyLeTSu-00056-00026858-00027158": "what we called the second set.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00057-00027158-00027906": "Each of these four blocks is a sequence, consisted of a  setup phase, a rest period of 5 minutes,", "kplXkyLeTSu-00058-00027906-00028318": "and a stimulation phase of 6 minutes.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00059-00028326-00028688": "In the setup phase, we manually increased the pulse width", "kplXkyLeTSu-00060-00028702-00029039": "until the exerted force reached 20 Newtons.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00061-00029039-00029586": "After that, the participant rested for 5 minutes  and we started the stimulation,", "kplXkyLeTSu-00062-00029586-00030158": "36 on and off series with an intensity  ramp for the transitions.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00063-00030170-00030612": "In the second session, we repeated the experiments  with the same volunteer", "kplXkyLeTSu-00064-00030612-00031218": "but with the SES method instead, with the electrodes  covering the same surface.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00065-00031376-00031870": "Next, I’ll briefly describe these measurements and  our data analysis.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00066-00032333-00033054": "Among the several metrics to evaluate muscle  fatigue we chose the force-time integral, or FTI.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00067-00033062-00033922": "The figure on the left displays the normalised force from  the first set of participant P1 left leg with SES.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00068-00033932-00034282": "The orange Y axis refers to the FTI values,", "kplXkyLeTSu-00069-00034282-00034847": "here as small circles, and to their respective fitting line in red.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00070-00034960-00035522": "The animation on the right illustrates one  FTI and its respective interval.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00071-00035522-00036096": "We obtained the FTI values by calculating the area below  the normalized force separately", "kplXkyLeTSu-00072-00036096-00036553": "for each of the 5 seconds stimulation intervals.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00073-00036554-00037321": "Besides the fitting slope we used other metric, the FTI  mean, the average of all integrals.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00074-00037512-00038100": "Here’s the same trial, with the complete  force and eEMG data after the analysis.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00075-00038318-00038924": "For the EMG signal, first, we had to process it using  artifact detection and filtering", "kplXkyLeTSu-00076-00038924-00039338": "tools to get the evoked muscle activity.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00077-00039352-00040126": "Then, we were able to calculate the eEMG-time integral, or eTI, similar to the force.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00078-00040126-00040546": "We used the linear regressions only as a decay metric,", "kplXkyLeTSu-00079-00040546-00041025": "as the fatigue model is out of the scope of this work.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00080-00041026-00041396": "With the stimulator commands and  the single-channel EMG data", "kplXkyLeTSu-00081-00041396-00042194": "we also estimated the individual contribution  of each stimulator channel.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00082-00042194-00042612": "Now, I’ll present the force and EMG outcomes.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00083-00042902-00043466": "This is a table I extracted from our paper, which  contains the eEMG and force time integral", "kplXkyLeTSu-00084-00043466-00043820": "outcomes, our metrics for muscle fatigue.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00085-00043821-00044096": "Force is on the left and eEMG on the right.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00086-00044096-00044864": "Data from participant P1 is separated by left and right leg, as well as the mean between both legs.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00087-00044884-00045144": "Likewise for P2.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00088-00045144-00045686": "The second set took place 5 months after the first and is  a repetition of the same procedures.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00089-00045686-00046639": "The fitting slopes are on a one over one thousand scale  and the dash represents missing data.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00090-00046640-00047408": "On average, most regression slopes were less negative  with SDSS, except for participant P2 force data.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00091-00047408-00047736": "Suggesting slower fatigue on the overall.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00092-00047736-00048272": "FTI and eTI mean were higher with SDSS in  the majority of the data", "kplXkyLeTSu-00093-00048272-00048718": "but lower for P1 in the first set and P2 in the second.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00094-00048718-00049312": "Indicating a comprehensive greater  area below the force profile.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00095-00049326-00049953": "During SDSS, we set a lower pulse width to  achieve the same level of force as in SES", "kplXkyLeTSu-00096-00049954-00050598": "in all cases, which means less intensity was  required for a similar initial peak force.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00097-00050598-00050960": "Hence, both the lower pulse width and higher FTI mean", "kplXkyLeTSu-00098-00050960-00051472": "indicated greater overall stimulation  efficiency with SDSS.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00099-00051626-00052255": "Using only one EMG channel we estimated the  muscle activity evoked by each of the four", "kplXkyLeTSu-00100-00052255-00052605": "electrical stimulation channels, displayed here on the bottom.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00101-00052624-00053108": "We may observe that in most cases the channels  presented a similar amplitude at each of the", "kplXkyLeTSu-00102-00053108-00053902": "36 series and over time the muscles seem to  fatigue faster with SES, here on top.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00103-00053920-00054434": "We believe that it would be possible to adjust  these signals in real-time with a controller,", "kplXkyLeTSu-00104-00054434-00054876": "possibly improving performance  in terms of fatigue resistance.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00105-00054920-00055336": "Now, the last section, discussion.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00106-00055414-00056136": "The SDSS suggested a slower decay on average when  compared to SES and indicated more efficiency", "kplXkyLeTSu-00107-00056136-00056566": "by having a similar mechanical output at  lower stimulation intensity.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00108-00056566-00057236": "However, more research on the topic is still required as  there are conflicting results regarding force decay.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00109-00057328-00057896": "A statistical analysis with more participants is  indispensable to consolidate these findings.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00110-00057897-00058357": "To our knowledge, we implemented the first evoked  muscle activity estimation for each", "kplXkyLeTSu-00111-00058358-00058948": "channel of the SDSS method, which could  lead to more selectively controllers.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00112-00059002-00059388": "I want to thank all these partners and everyone  that made this work possible.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00113-00059400-00059808": "My attempt was to make a straightforward and clear  presentation, I hope you liked it.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00114-00059841-00059994": "Feel free to reach out.", "kplXkyLeTSu-00115-00059994-00060047": "Thank you!"}}, {"audio_id": "kpG6zgCSB7o", "text": {"kpG6zgCSB7o-00000-00000052-00000344": "來到十二月只是過了頭數天", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00001-00000344-00000623": "但種種跡象顯示", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00002-00000623-00000892": "美國白宮已做好幾手準傋", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00003-00000892-00001191": "隨時在2020年和中國陷入新一輪的", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00004-00001192-00001472": "\"微冷戰”對抗階段。這種對抗昇溫", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00005-00001472-00001773": "要到中美談判踏入第二階段的時候", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00006-00001773-00002072": "才會越來越明顯", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00007-00002072-00002348": "第一階段是有不少機會可簽成", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00008-00002348-00002674": "( 美國貿易代表)萊特希澤那邊很多協議細節文本已經寫好待簽", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00009-00002674-00002972": "踏入尾聲", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00010-00002972-00003238": "而第一階段協議內容比較輕鬆", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00011-00003238-00003506": "中國要買四，五百億(美元)美國農產品;", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00012-00003506-00003772": "部份的知識產權要提升保障;", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00013-00003772-00004099": "中國會開放金融業，保險業;", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00014-00004099-00004386": "給外國尤其是美國", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00015-00004386-00004622": "增大投資競爭;", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00016-00004640-00004959": "而真正重要的涉及技術轉移.", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00017-00004959-00005208": "國家補貼企業,  等等", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00018-00005208-00005494": "全部放在第二階段才去糾纏", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00019-00005494-00005798": "這一點才是涉及中國製造2025計劃", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00020-00005798-00006082": "成敗的關鍵", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00021-00006082-00006204": "所以頗花時間", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00022-00006208-00006366": "現在特朗普", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00023-00006382-00006687": "充滿信心可在第一階段簽成", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00024-00006687-00006984": "所以他志在滿滿地說", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00025-00006984-00007261": "\"我才不怕。不如待過了明年美國大選", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00026-00007262-00007564": "才談然後才簽    最想簽", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00027-00007564-00007847": "是中方, 我看中國能否在今個月之內", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00028-00007847-00008152": "寫得文本協議滿意與否,  我才決定簽或不簽\"", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00029-00008152-00008449": "\"是他們比我更想簽成”", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00030-00008449-00008765": "他這樣高姿態,就是不怕中方在第一階段不簽署協議", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00031-00008765-00009068": "所以才這樣說。 而他在另一方面又說:", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00032-00009068-00009387": "當他簽署香港人權及民主法案時", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00033-00009387-00009687": "已經知道對整場中美協議談判", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00034-00009687-00009982": "是無助甚至是有害", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00035-00009982-00010303": "即是說由美國總統朗普", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00036-00010304-00010598": "及至整個白宮都是", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00037-00010598-00010908": "只對第一階段有信心，到了第二階段", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00038-00010908-00011112": "可能有一個頗長", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00039-00011112-00011412": "和多方面角力和拉扯", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00040-00011412-00011714": "甚至胎死腹中， 到了大選", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00041-00011714-00012017": "之後才可續談", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00042-00012017-00012296": "明年的形勢比較緊張", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00043-00012296-00012640": "他們更加會坐觀一些人權牌", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00044-00012640-00012913": "留待明年才用", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00045-00012913-00013203": "除了簽署 香港人權及民主法案之外", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00046-00013204-00013507": "台灣主權象徵法案亦有機會通過", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00047-00013508-00013797": "在之前", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00048-00013797-00014102": "台灣的軍人、外交官", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00049-00014102-00014386": "不可在全世界的美國機關", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00050-00014386-00014644": "揮台灣旗和穿著正式", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00051-00014644-00014836": "官服", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00052-00014836-00015140": "現在若通過了主權象徵法案", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00053-00015140-00015413": "這些通通都可以做", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00054-00015413-00015719": "就會氣煞中國。試想想在美國機關", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00055-00015719-00015990": "揮舞台灣旗。好像是承認了", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00056-00015990-00016330": "它是主權獨立國家", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00057-00016330-00016588": "另外繼參議院之後 眾議院", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00058-00016588-00016853": "也通過了維吾爾人權政策法案", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00059-00016854-00017157": "繼續在新疆問題上", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00060-00017158-00017452": "加大壓力。預期下年", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00061-00017460-00017804": "一旦第二階段不順利、", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00062-00017818-00018106": "聯合歐盟在人權議題上", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00063-00018106-00018400": "圍堵中國、然後", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00064-00018400-00018664": "在南海軍事姿態上昇溫、", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00065-00018666-00018941": "再加上(預期)經濟的半脫歐", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00066-00018942-00019242": "是會持續。它看準了", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00067-00019242-00019539": "如果順利達成第二階段", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00068-00019540-00019810": "才會增大在中國的", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00069-00019810-00020100": "市場介入和投資", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00070-00020100-00020348": "所以看到整個國力是為了鋪排", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00071-00020348-00020650": "2020年的不順景 和新一輪", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00072-00020650-00020830": "微鬥爭 微冷戰", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00073-00020861-00021158": "的形勢。有一件事", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00074-00021158-00021550": "值得一提，在未簽署(強調是未簽署)", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00075-00021566-00021780": "香港人權及民主法案之前", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00076-00021794-00022078": "由陶傑和田北辰的對話", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00077-00022078-00022326": "揭露了一位", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00078-00022326-00022624": "香港的富商", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00079-00022624-00022990": "乘私人飛機到美國入境時， 被問話三小時", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00080-00023004-00023250": "最後蘋果日報澄清了", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00081-00023252-00023550": "不是被拒入境，是原機折返", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00082-00023550-00023856": "是最後能入境。但因為", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00083-00023856-00024142": "他被煞有介事地問話了三小時", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00084-00024142-00024412": "以他這種身份地位的人物， 就很不爽", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00085-00024412-00024714": "就算最後讓他入境也沒有意思", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00086-00024714-00024986": "現在商界私底下流傳", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00087-00024986-00025290": "連我也收到風聲", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00088-00025290-00025588": "那人便是何柱國", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00089-00025588-00025856": "但不是說他很低調的嗎？", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00090-00025856-00026114": "沒怎樣親近中共和政治", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00091-00026114-00026421": "但他真的這麼低調嗎？", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00092-00026422-00026562": "值得開放討論一下", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00093-00026564-00026867": "他在上次特首選舉中，", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00094-00026867-00027185": "也曾大談曾俊華可否開綠燈", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00095-00027185-00027473": "最近在反修例中又接受TVB訪問", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00096-00027473-00027760": "在我看來也不是那麼低調", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00097-00027776-00028066": "大家看看可靠程度有多高吧", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00098-00028066-00028344": "我看是值得參考 最少何柱國", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00099-00028344-00028644": "暫時沒有高調否認", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00100-00028644-00028930": "但可想而知  在整個背後", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00101-00028930-00029208": "根本不關制裁事", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00102-00029208-00029492": "因為商人們不是政客", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00103-00029492-00029736": "不是制訂政策來打壓", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00104-00029736-00030027": "香港人的官員", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00105-00030027-00030298": "背後有這般緊張的對峙", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00106-00030298-00030592": "的出現。就好像外國人", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00107-00030592-00030880": "去大陸般的對待", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00108-00030880-00031160": "現在氣氛是仍然持續", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00109-00031160-00031460": "整個鋪排", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00110-00031460-00031722": "對下年的對抗沒有降溫的作用", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00111-00031722-00032024": "現在這事件連對商人也是如此", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00112-00032024-00032319": "嚇得一些中國官員", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00113-00032320-00032621": "或者是特區政府官員", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00114-00032622-00032774": "不敢嘗試入境", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00115-00032774-00032900": "連建制派也是", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00116-00032900-00033214": "怕被人知道後出醜、嘲笑他們", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00117-00033214-00033490": "我們會觀察這種政治氣氛", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00118-00033490-00033770": "會維持多久。", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00119-00033770-00034033": "中國在正面對這些人權牌", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00120-00034033-00034357": "和微冷戰鋪排下的形勢之下", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00121-00034371-00034688": "作出反制;  也是林鄭所謂", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00122-00034688-00034948": "的反制。在記招會中不打自招", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00123-00034948-00035280": "用不屑的態度。", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00124-00035280-00035607": "首先是禁止美國艦隊到香港休整", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00125-00035607-00035912": "這些好像沒有甚麼大不了", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00126-00035912-00036226": "之前因爭拗 在八月時已經停過", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00127-00036226-00036344": "禁止軍艦入香港", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00128-00036364-00036524": "這樣做其實更差", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00129-00036524-00036740": "現在隨時美國軍艦", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00130-00036774-00037100": "會假借經過香港海域之後", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00131-00037100-00037380": "到達台灣休整", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00132-00037380-00037684": "對外交形象更大打擊。", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00133-00037700-00037962": "另外會制裁一系列", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00134-00037980-00038334": "在反修例運動中表現不好的外國組織如", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00135-00038334-00038634": "美國國家民主基金會", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00136-00038634-00038939": "美國國際事務民主協會", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00137-00038939-00039239": "美國國際共和研究所", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00138-00039240-00039392": "人權觀察 自由之家、等等", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00139-00039436-00039738": "很奇怪， 不知要制裁甚麼", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00140-00039738-00040048": "中國一向是不允許這些組織", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00141-00040048-00040347": "的人員入境。亦沒有恆常的辨公室在境內", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00143-00040432-00040673": "這是那門子的制裁？", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00144-00040674-00040968": "是你捐錢去支持這些組織的嗎?", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00145-00040968-00041294": "之後就停止捐款。是不是這樣?", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00146-00041294-00041598": "不是的，人家美國一向是自己支持", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00147-00041598-00041888": "美國人自己去捐錢支撐這些組織", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00148-00041888-00042109": "而這些組織在收到捐款後", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00149-00042110-00042426": "美國國家民主基金會", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00150-00042440-00042732": "不要知道制裁到些甚麼", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00151-00042736-00043019": "假若目的是制裁這些人員 不准進入香港", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00152-00043020-00043344": "不能在香港設有辦公室單位", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00153-00043344-00043666": "要驅逐他們。那這是香港", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00154-00043666-00043962": "出入境事務或內部事務", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00155-00043962-00044298": "不應由中國外交部高調", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00156-00044298-00044586": "介入香港， 指令他們怎去辦事", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00157-00044586-00044910": "迫使林鄭月娥灰頭土臉地稱謂 要配合國家政策", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00158-00044910-00045010": "應該先私下", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00159-00045072-00045308": "與林鄭談妥", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00160-00045347-00045652": "再由行政長官自行宣佈 這些事宜", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00161-00045652-00045947": "用來表達高度遺憾", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00162-00045947-00046232": "極為不滿美國通過了", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00163-00046232-00046542": "這項法案。這才像話", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00164-00046542-00046846": "現她如今在外交手段上 給人知悉", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00165-00046846-00047128": "你(中央)正在高調地衝擊一國兩制", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00166-00047128-00047422": "連這些外國組織究竟是否", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00167-00047422-00047718": "有派員在港", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00168-00047718-00048040": "都是由你指手劃腳去教它怎辨", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00169-00048040-00048332": "所以這些所謂制裁", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00170-00048332-00048634": "只是象徵性懲罰，沒有實質意義。", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00171-00048634-00048878": "據說將會有一不可靠實體清單", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00172-00048878-00049150": "將要發佈", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00173-00049172-00049463": "其實這清單已談了很久遲遲未出", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00174-00049464-00049628": "但這清單敢用來懲罰", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00175-00049628-00049940": "最有錢，最大勢力的美國商人嗎", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00176-00049940-00050240": "你沒有這膽色。而且他們可能沒有", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00177-00050240-00050532": "參與這法案。不是搞政治的", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00178-00050532-00050674": "亦是沒意思", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00179-00050694-00051084": "如你搞到一些與人權及民主法案有關的政客", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00180-00051084-00051358": "同時間他們有產業在中國", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00181-00051358-00051587": "究竟數目有多少呢，我真的摸不著頭腦,", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00182-00051587-00051644": "很有疑問", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00183-00051644-00051952": "而且這些鷄毛蒜皮的人數，對方也不會介意在中國 ;", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00184-00051952-00052300": "所以來來去去只有中國的", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00185-00052310-00052571": "官員和香港的建制派", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00186-00052572-00052853": "在美國的美金，市場，生意", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00187-00052854-00053148": "大學等等，有著千絲萬縷的關係的人", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00188-00053148-00053450": "他們才會介意。畢竟美國在", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00189-00053450-00053770": "世界主導了幾十年 無論是在", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00190-00053770-00054067": "經濟體系，或學術其他方面", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00191-00054067-00054324": "所以才能和你這批人千絲萬縷，", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00192-00054324-00054526": "人家不入中國", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00193-00054526-00054776": "其實中國一向已是用關門放狗的態度", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00194-00054776-00055085": "那(他們)還有多少利益進注呢", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00195-00055105-00055380": "現在的只是象徵性罷了", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00196-00055380-00055678": "中國在表面上大談反制", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00197-00055678-00055964": "實際它依然是想簽署第一階段(協議)的", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00198-00055964-00056226": "看現在", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00199-00056226-00056391": "引起那麼多事端", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00200-00056412-00056788": "幸好遇上國際在聖誕節檔期增加了", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00201-00056788-00057078": "訂單， 中國制造業採購指數", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00202-00057094-00057440": "才剛剛在11月重回到50.2", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00203-00057471-00057784": "因為很多中國銀行", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00204-00057784-00058089": "放寬了借貸， 才頂住了", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00205-00058090-00058387": "經濟下滑得沒那麼明顥", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00206-00058388-00058598": "但中國很担心在整個2020年", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00207-00058598-00058754": "每季", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00208-00058767-00058944": "GDP不能達到6", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00209-00058944-00059194": "一直跌至5.8或更低", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00210-00059194-00059499": "經常有美國機構質疑", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00211-00059500-00059735": "這些GDP數字有水份", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00212-00059736-00060072": "實際上可能只得一半，是在長期的觀察它", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00213-00060086-00060383": "所以中國其實最想拖延", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00214-00060383-00060704": "是第二階段， 吊命一陣子", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00215-00060704-00060907": "很大機會簽署第一階段", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00216-00061066-00061348": "為甚麼習近平放不下第二階段？", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00217-00061348-00061625": "因為他認為市場的控制", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00218-00061626-00061996": "和維持所謂\"Block and Clone\"的策略", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00219-00061996-00062200": "才是令到中國", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00220-00062200-00062467": "日後十多二十年崛起", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00221-00062467-00062666": "及贏過美國的關鍵", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00222-00062676-00062822": "甚麼是Block and Clone?", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00223-00062822-00063022": "中國在近來十多二十年", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00224-00063036-00063336": "透過複製美國的", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00225-00063336-00063602": "產業和技術來香港", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00226-00063602-00063800": "自加發展", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00227-00063800-00064182": "同時封鎖了其他企業來華競爭", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00228-00064182-00064498": "一直用這一套策略來興旺了", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00229-00064498-00064710": "多年  例如", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00230-00064729-00065114": "美國有Amazon, Facebook", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00231-00065114-00065452": "Uber 等等產業", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00232-00065452-00065758": "中國就把它們全複製了。有\"亞里巴巴\"", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00233-00065758-00066063": "接著是\"人人網\"、\"飯否網\"、", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00234-00066063-00066359": "然後有\"滴滴出行\"", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00235-00066373-00066648": "全部都是抄別人那一套", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00236-00066648-00066948": "然後再拿來自己發展和改善", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00237-00066948-00067244": "不准許外國進入競爭，鬥贏了別人那一套", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00238-00067244-00067562": "賺了大錢，賺了十幾億的市場", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00239-00067562-00067860": "同時亦收購了", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00240-00067860-00068076": "德國，美國公司", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00241-00068076-00068372": "取得了所有的技術", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00242-00068372-00068626": "又或者借對方進入中國市場合作時", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00243-00068626-00068931": "強迫轉移技術到中國  然後", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00244-00068932-00069190": "全部抄掉。另一方面派情報", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00245-00069190-00069381": "和間諜去偷取", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00246-00069381-00069620": "其他國家的先進技術和情報回來", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00247-00069644-00069936": "這些就是中國十多廿年來", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00248-00069936-00070233": "的長處。它認為一種寄生", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00249-00070233-00070558": "的方法才可以最後勝過宿主", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00250-00070558-00070871": "學了別人最強大歐美世界", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00251-00070871-00071174": "的能耐。所以是", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00252-00071174-00071433": "很難放棄(這種方法) 。習近平", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00253-00071434-00071668": "在四中全會中所說的", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00254-00071688-00071944": "經濟管控，治理控制", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00255-00071944-00072221": "其實很重要就是這種政策", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00256-00072221-00072321": "Block and Clone", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00257-00072428-00072810": "所以我也不大看好", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00258-00072810-00073020": "明年第二階段會談妥。", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00259-00073020-00073330": "現在回到香港問題上", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00260-00073330-00073582": "剛剛在北京舉行了一個", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00261-00073600-00073840": "記念澳門基本法二十週年(研討會)", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00262-00073840-00074200": "栗戰書談到\"一國為本\"是很重要", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00263-00074200-00074422": "要特區政府自己參詳", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00264-00074422-00074596": "看澳門多成功", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00265-00074616-00074850": "在國家安全方面多盡力", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00266-00074850-00075006": "還要自己後來私下加上", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00267-00075022-00075250": "防止獨立的條文", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00268-00075250-00075527": "在議案和法例之上", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00269-00075530-00075830": "所以就說香港特區政府不積極 ;", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00270-00075830-00076127": "其實整個意思是迫使香港", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00271-00076128-00076260": "不能", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00272-00076260-00076568": "在整個特區政府內部(發生)大地震", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00273-00076568-00076820": "就以為因為通過了香港人權及民主法案", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00274-00076820-00077026": "便以後全被制肘，", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00275-00077044-00077234": "來自中國的指令", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00276-00077234-00077434": "本地官員則陽奉陰違不聽話", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00277-00077434-00077736": "不貫徹習近平在四中全會的", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00278-00077736-00077828": "治理體系", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00279-00077828-00078008": "其實是應用在", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00280-00078008-00078226": "香港特區政府上面", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00281-00078226-00078426": "不能在兩制之下游走", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00282-00078436-00078592": "一定要以一國為本 ;", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00283-00078592-00078890": "也就是今早王志民", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00284-00078890-00079244": "在硏討會中的講話", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00285-00079244-00079492": "要香港不要逃避", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00286-00079492-00079668": "及要繼續", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00287-00079680-00079794": "止暴制亂", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00288-00079802-00080088": "才是當前要務", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00289-00080088-00080330": "迫令林鄭月娥要做實際事", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00290-00080330-00080564": "亦哷應了為何鄭若驊", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00291-00080580-00080882": "無端在十一月中之後離奇失踪", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00292-00080882-00081148": "現在事情明白了", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00293-00081148-00081486": "是臨時被中國迫令去北京接受訓話", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00294-00081486-00081722": "與王志民的失踪也很類似", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00295-00081722-00081914": "訓話後再出現 ;", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00296-00081914-00082131": "令人摸不著頭腦", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00297-00082132-00082328": "為何你", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00298-00082328-00082534": "作為律政司司長", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00299-00082534-00082788": "沒辨法撬鬆而", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00300-00082802-00083100": "更嚴厲地懲罰他們口中所謂暴徒", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00301-00083100-00083308": "\"是否真的毫無辨法\"?", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00302-00083308-00083466": "\"耍小手段也不能\"?", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00303-00083466-00083735": "\"你讓法官說了算\"？", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00304-00083736-00084031": "\"作為律政司司長是無所作為的\"？", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00305-00084032-00084326": "給予她很多類似以上的政治壓力", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00306-00084326-00084504": "你回香港後自己去想通它", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00307-00084504-00084650": "在下年", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00308-00084650-00084998": "看看可以消費到到鄭若驊、王志民等人多久", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00309-00085130-00085356": "才發覺他們辦事不成，再除去他們", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00310-00085356-00085669": "現在是最後的任務", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00311-00085670-00085962": "他倆一定要替中國完成", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00312-00085980-00086234": "現在就是正在進行中。", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00313-00086234-00086454": "昨晚鄭若驊的記招", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00314-00086532-00086794": "她明明說是去北京看病", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00315-00086898-00087206": "那種緊張、慌亂的程度", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00316-00087206-00087354": "在記者面前表現了出來", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00317-00087372-00087681": "還要是讀稿 解釋自己為何去了北京", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00318-00087682-00087890": "這麼簡單的程序", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00319-00087890-00088090": "她也要手執一紙才能讀出", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00320-00088102-00088314": "完全不是她平時自己", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00321-00088314-00088544": "可想而知她是多緊張", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00322-00088918-00089110": "現在香港局勢是", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00323-00089212-00089358": "很久也會搞不好", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00324-00089358-00089514": "因為自從由美國介入之後", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00325-00089514-00089674": "現在香港警察", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00326-00089674-00089910": "是方寸大亂", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00327-00089962-00090272": "它要去到製造假消息這一步", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00328-00090272-00090438": "來維持它的士氣", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00329-00090438-00090582": "在12月1日", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00330-00090610-00091214": "明顯地沒有任何示威者投擲煙霧餅", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00331-00091214-00091406": "它竟然作新聞", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00332-00091420-00091592": "在 Facebook發貼說", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00333-00091604-00091848": "\"有(幾百名暴徒)扔煙霧餅\"", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00334-00091848-00092048": "隨後過了一會便修正為", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00335-00092066-00092322": "\"有暴徒擲煙霧餅\"", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00336-00092322-00092508": "到了翌日的記招", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00337-00092530-00092802": "完全地迴避和否認", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00338-00092802-00093200": "並無任何影片或證據能證實有人扔煙霧餅", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00339-00093200-00093494": "而是警察在遊行集會人群中", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00340-00093494-00093793": "胡亂施放催淚彈生事", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00341-00093793-00094098": "後來他們所說的扔磗、扔玻璃樽", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00342-00094098-00094359": "已有充分證據", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00343-00094360-00094667": "是在發放催淚彈之後，才激發起市民反抗的", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00344-00094668-00094768": "所以現在是", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00345-00094774-00094974": "一來是", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00346-00094974-00095204": "警察是為了維持士氣", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00347-00095204-00095562": "在前綫 仍可見到有零星比較強硬的動作", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00348-00095580-00095840": "如推跌老婦，拘捕老婦等等", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00349-00095840-00096114": "又挑撥比較大型的人群", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00350-00096114-00096406": "找個藉口來", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00351-00096406-00096696": "無中生有指控對方", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00352-00096700-00097010": "甚至有情景被人在晚上拍攝到", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00353-00097010-00097311": "警察想發射大量催淚彈", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00354-00097311-00097611": "和暴力執法之前", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00355-00097611-00097916": "事前會開揚聲器說:", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00356-00097916-00098225": "\"我們前方有六個暴徒在扔汽油彈\"", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00357-00098225-00098531": "\"是非常武力，危害到我們安全\"", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00358-00098532-00098750": "\"所以我們現在會執法\"", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00359-00098764-00098948": "做足了事前工夫", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00360-00099008-00099306": "以便執行強烈行為", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00361-00099306-00099606": "有了這種包裝方法", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00362-00099606-00099800": "是比較惡劣行為", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00363-00099808-00100108": "它希望(顯得)示威者行為更惡劣", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00364-00100110-00100470": "警察執法只是用來鎮壓暴徒", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00366-00100922-00101130": "現正在這情況下糾纏當中", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00367-00101150-00101470": "它對這場運動是毫無辨法", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00368-00101470-00101761": "只打算挑釁示威者至失控", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00369-00101762-00102186": "給予警察有更強烈的理由去執法", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00370-00102220-00102400": "拉拉扯扯", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00371-00102405-00102707": "不湯不水的地方是，還有長時間才完結", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00372-00102708-00103030": "不能動用解放軍，又未有廿三條", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00373-00103061-00103352": "究竟消磨到何時?", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00374-00103352-00103642": "變了一個長時間的文化內戰", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00375-00103642-00103766": "形成了", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00376-00103766-00103958": "我們現在面對的是", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00377-00104050-00104328": "習近平是一新的宗教", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00378-00104354-00104688": "他是專制中國的教主", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00379-00104798-00105002": "只有他向你們傳教", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00380-00105016-00105270": "沒有香港人的自由價值", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00381-00105290-00105544": "可以動搖他去改變政策", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00382-00105611-00105966": "所我們平日聽到一些討論的時侯", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00383-00106146-00106296": "就叫做", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00384-00106344-00106630": "\"全面管治權\"", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00385-00106630-00106888": "但其實更加深沉和複雜的", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00386-00106888-00107185": "就是在一國內有一最新的變化", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00387-00107185-00107510": "是習近平因素", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00388-00107510-00107818": "而他的仰和治理體系，他發動的", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00389-00107818-00107959": "第三次革命", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00390-00107983-00108182": "才是取了香港兩制的命。", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00391-00108182-00108658": "所以不是一直之前說很普通的、", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00392-00108658-00108892": "以前領導人說了算 ;", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00393-00108970-00109244": "你看連江澤民的河水不犯井水論", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00394-00109244-00109433": "已經有中國官方刊物", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00395-00109483-00109898": "來批評這種說法", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00396-00109898-00110126": "它已是過時和不適合", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00397-00110128-00110377": "習近平新時代有中國特色", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00398-00110378-00110674": "社會主義的實踐。", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00399-00110674-00110942": "所以我們必須要認清現在最新形勢", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00400-00110980-00111214": "只有習近平可向你們教", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00401-00111214-00111359": "我們是改變不了他的", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00402-00111374-00111554": "那我們如何去適應這變局呢?", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00403-00111559-00111808": "就必須要用一些更加靈活的策略", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00404-00111852-00112072": "包括我之前提出", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00405-00112072-00112268": "大家該要討論的事項", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00406-00112270-00112418": "和不同的人物", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00407-00112418-00112680": "如袁彌昌、", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00408-00112682-00112835": "沈旭暉、", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00409-00112872-00113118": "蕭若元、", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00410-00113124-00113376": "趙博、徐少華、等等", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00411-00113376-00113683": "大家可以集思廣益", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00412-00113683-00113982": "思考一下如何由下而上多做功夫", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00413-00113982-00114185": "令到這場仗", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00414-00114267-00114542": "雖然現已經是三輸的局面", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00415-00114542-00114846": "美國 、中國 、香港 都是輸家", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00416-00114846-00115135": "但我們取回我們該有的東西", "kpG6zgCSB7o-00417-00115135-00115426": "然後是要汲取歷史的教訓。今日到此為止。多謝大家。"}}, {"audio_id": "kOHRx4OpgMc", "text": {"kOHRx4OpgMc-00000-00000188-00001675": "(CC on", "kOHRx4OpgMc-00001-00001675-00001736": "screen.)"}}, {"audio_id": "kOX_7PPFyr0", "text": {"kOX_7PPFyr0-00000-00000042-00000555": "ON A COOL SPRING NIGHT USS CONSTITUTION WAS MOVED FROM ITS MOORING AT PIER ONE WEST AND", "kOX_7PPFyr0-00001-00000555-00001076": "CENTERED ON THE ENTRANCE TO DRY DOCK ONE AT THE HISTORIC CHARLESTOWN NAVY YARD.", "kOX_7PPFyr0-00002-00001076-00001465": "LINES WERE TIGHTENED AROUND CAPSTANDS AND THE DOCKING OFFICER GUIDED OLD IRONSIDES TO", "kOX_7PPFyr0-00003-00001465-00001702": "ITS HOME FOR THE NEXT THREE YEARS.", "kOX_7PPFyr0-00004-00001702-00002248": "THERE'S A SENSE OF ACCOMPLISHMENT NOT ONLY FOR THE CREW BUT FOR THE MAINTENANCE DETACHMENT", "kOX_7PPFyr0-00005-00002248-00002699": "HERE FROM NAVAL HISTORY AND HERITAGE COMMAND AND ALL THE AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS THAT", "kOX_7PPFyr0-00006-00002699-00003192": "HELPED THIS BIG COMPLEX EVOLUTION GO OFF SAFELY AND SUCCESSFULLY.", "kOX_7PPFyr0-00007-00003192-00003719": "NOW WE CAN GET TO WORK ON REALLY WHAT IT'S ALL ABOUT WHICH IS RESTORING THE SHIP.", "kOX_7PPFyr0-00008-00003719-00004058": "ON JUNE 9TH CONSTITUTION WILL RE-OPEN FOR PUBLIC VISITS.", "kOX_7PPFyr0-00009-00004058-00004535": "FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THE RESTORATION OF AMERICA'S SHIP OF STATE GO TO AH DOT MIL.", "kOX_7PPFyr0-00010-00004535-00005051": "FOR ALL HANDS UPDATE I'M PETTY OFFICER DOMINIQUE PINEIRO."}}, {"audio_id": "kPiOl1WpYou", "text": {"kPiOl1WpYou-00000-00000000-00000642": "months and months and months ago david dobrik got exposed by another youtuber", "kPiOl1WpYou-00001-00000642-00001992": "and in my opinion it was actually for the greater good what is up everybody", "kPiOl1WpYou-00002-00001992-00002336": "this is Chris from the rewired soul where we talk about the problem but", "kPiOl1WpYou-00003-00002336-00002678": "focus on the solution and if you're new to my channel sometimes what I like to", "kPiOl1WpYou-00004-00002678-00003035": "do is pull different topics from the YouTube community or pop culture or", "kPiOl1WpYou-00005-00003035-00003422": "internet culture and try to see what lessons we can learn from them to try to", "kPiOl1WpYou-00006-00003422-00003779": "improve our lives so if any that stuff make sure you subscribe and bring that", "kPiOl1WpYou-00007-00003779-00004314": "notification about because I make a ton of videos so yeah this has been a video", "kPiOl1WpYou-00008-00004314-00004896": "that's been on my mind for a little while like cancel culture is a big thing", "kPiOl1WpYou-00009-00004896-00005394": "it's been going on for a while now and it's it's absolutely ridiculous I think", "kPiOl1WpYou-00010-00005394-00005687": "I mentioned it in another video I'm thinking about doing a whole video about", "kPiOl1WpYou-00011-00005687-00006232": "how cancel culture is one of the reasons why so many people are so anxious in", "kPiOl1WpYou-00012-00006232-00006684": "2009/10 and probably waiting years to come as well so yeah david dobrik months", "kPiOl1WpYou-00013-00006684-00007113": "and months and months ago he was exposed by another youtuber and it's probably", "kPiOl1WpYou-00014-00007113-00007448": "not the situation that you're thinking I'm talking about the situation I'm", "kPiOl1WpYou-00015-00007448-00007818": "actually talking about is from August of last year and it was from none other", "kPiOl1WpYou-00016-00007818-00008318": "than Elijah Daniel alright so those of you who don't know who Eliza Daniels is", "kPiOl1WpYou-00017-00008318-00008804": "he's a he's a YouTube creator he's a rapper he recently got engaged", "kPiOl1WpYou-00018-00008804-00010110": "congratulations Elijah but anyways so Elijah Daniel made a video around the", "kPiOl1WpYou-00019-00010110-00010572": "time that what do they call it drama get in what's going on when you know it was", "kPiOl1WpYou-00020-00010572-00010881": "like Manny MUA and laura-leigh and like Nikita", "kPiOl1WpYou-00021-00010881-00011349": "dragon and Gabriel Zamora and all that stuff was going on and everything and", "kPiOl1WpYou-00022-00011349-00011964": "you know Elijah Daniel was like inspired to make a video and he he", "kPiOl1WpYou-00023-00011964-00012461": "titled it something along the lines of like David  dobrik don't work is a homophobic", "kPiOl1WpYou-00024-00012461-00013070": "racist to come back and be like you know it was like basically what he was", "kPiOl1WpYou-00025-00013070-00013373": "talking about what matters like like people were", "kPiOl1WpYou-00026-00013373-00013668": "losing their minds during that time and it's still something that happens", "kPiOl1WpYou-00027-00013668-00014100": "whenever like controversy kind of comes up once again this is talking about how", "kPiOl1WpYou-00028-00014100-00014447": "like youtubers were like going through their their old like tweets and", "kPiOl1WpYou-00029-00014447-00014793": "everything and deleting anything that might be problematic and everybody was", "kPiOl1WpYou-00030-00014793-00015170": "like freaking out because that's kind of what happened with Laura Lee Lauren", "kPiOl1WpYou-00031-00015170-00015641": "Lee's old tweets were like brought up and everything and Elijah Daniels ended", "kPiOl1WpYou-00032-00015641-00016115": "up like showing that even david dobrik one of the most lovable dudes on the", "kPiOl1WpYou-00033-00016115-00017070": "platform had some what would seem problematic tweets I want to explain", "kPiOl1WpYou-00034-00017070-00017595": "more of like more of what comedy was like back in those days I'm not excusing", "kPiOl1WpYou-00035-00017595-00018098": "anyone of anything I'm not making excuses I'm not defending anyone anyone", "kPiOl1WpYou-00036-00018098-00018393": "who's a politic all that's their shit but the Internet", "kPiOl1WpYou-00037-00018393-00018900": "back then was very different than it is now like and I think a lot of people I", "kPiOl1WpYou-00038-00018900-00019206": "mean especially I'm seeing a lot of like this person's homophobic this person is", "kPiOl1WpYou-00039-00019206-00019781": "homophobic because they tweeted like that's so gay but in 2012 in 2011 2010", "kPiOl1WpYou-00040-00019781-00020519": "2009 that's so gay and fat and things like that were acceptable things to say", "kPiOl1WpYou-00041-00020519-00020787": "and the point Elijah Daniels was trying to make was", "kPiOl1WpYou-00042-00020787-00021260": "like the internet used to be a different time a different place where like people", "kPiOl1WpYou-00043-00021260-00021773": "like just said things and they said whatever and they did things you know", "kPiOl1WpYou-00044-00021773-00022169": "they talking say things that might be deemed homophobic or racist or whatever", "kPiOl1WpYou-00045-00022169-00022526": "like those of you who don't know me like I'm actually half african-american I'm", "kPiOl1WpYou-00046-00022526-00022953": "like I know this I grew up in gaming culture right like I'm a gamer I've been", "kPiOl1WpYou-00047-00022953-00023444": "playing games since I was like five years old like original Nintendo right", "kPiOl1WpYou-00048-00023444-00023807": "like that's what they're doing then I got into online games and like in online", "kPiOl1WpYou-00049-00023807-00024518": "gaming like you know people toss around you know racial slurs sexist things and", "kPiOl1WpYou-00050-00024518-00024950": "you know like and I was on like the football team and the wrestling team and", "kPiOl1WpYou-00051-00024950-00025409": "the track team and you know in that kind of like masculinity culture there's like", "kPiOl1WpYou-00052-00025409-00025748": "homophobic things that be tossed around everything and like not saying that", "kPiOl1WpYou-00053-00025748-00026226": "that's okay but today is very problematic right it's", "kPiOl1WpYou-00054-00026226-00026745": "fascinating to me because like the title of this video I believe David Ober got", "kPiOl1WpYou-00055-00026745-00027150": "exposed quote-unquote for the greater good because the larger Daniels brought", "kPiOl1WpYou-00056-00027150-00027672": "up a bigger conversation and it's kind of like so there's this old like", "kPiOl1WpYou-00057-00027672-00028164": "philosophical question right where where there's like a trolley going down the", "kPiOl1WpYou-00058-00028164-00028587": "tracks and if you're keeps going on the path that's going it's gonna hit a bunch", "kPiOl1WpYou-00059-00028587-00029024": "of people and kill them right or but you have the option to pull the lever is", "kPiOl1WpYou-00060-00029024-00029688": "switches tracks and it only hits one person what do you do right and this is", "kPiOl1WpYou-00061-00029688-00030216": "something where well it's just an interesting question and I made a video", "kPiOl1WpYou-00062-00030216-00030729": "about the Avengers a while ago about the the war between Captain America and Iron", "kPiOl1WpYou-00063-00030729-00031188": "Man and Iron Man is more of a utilitarian right where he looks at just", "kPiOl1WpYou-00064-00031188-00031583": "like the most realistic situations and says okay this is probably gonna give us", "kPiOl1WpYou-00065-00031583-00032061": "the best net game so like when Elijah Daniels did that like I got it right", "kPiOl1WpYou-00066-00032061-00032487": "like david dobrik got like a little bit of flack but it created a greater", "kPiOl1WpYou-00067-00032487-00033021": "conversation and it also made it onto the philip defranco show like even", "kPiOl1WpYou-00068-00033021-00033453": "philip defranco like talked about this story so what are the things i want to", "kPiOl1WpYou-00069-00033453-00033960": "talk about is it's just like this idea of judging people based on their past i", "kPiOl1WpYou-00070-00033960-00034254": "made it i talked about this i think in the shane dawson video I did the other", "kPiOl1WpYou-00071-00034254-00034605": "day but it's absolutely ridiculous to judge people based on their past", "kPiOl1WpYou-00072-00034605-00035007": "especially when it was like a different time but people were different as well", "kPiOl1WpYou-00073-00035007-00035409": "like you look at people like david dobrik right who's in his 20s you know", "kPiOl1WpYou-00074-00035409-00036060": "like he was a teenager not that long ago I'm a 33 year old man you know so ten", "kPiOl1WpYou-00075-00036060-00036579": "years ago whatever like I was in my 20s but also for somebody like myself and", "kPiOl1WpYou-00076-00036579-00036954": "why I try not to judge people on their passes I'm a recovering drug addict and", "kPiOl1WpYou-00077-00036954-00037434": "alcoholic I'm coming up on seven years sober in a couple months and I don't", "kPiOl1WpYou-00078-00037434-00037815": "want people judging me based on my past because I used to be an awful terrible", "kPiOl1WpYou-00079-00037815-00038163": "terrible terrible person right but there's still some things from my past", "kPiOl1WpYou-00080-00038163-00038502": "like you know just jokes I've made the things like that well I'd just be like", "kPiOl1WpYou-00081-00038502-00038901": "like what did logic Daniels is saying like it was it was a different time", "kPiOl1WpYou-00082-00038901-00039556": "well one of the most fascinating things to me I think Ethan from h3h3", "kPiOl1WpYou-00083-00039556-00039946": "productions made a video about my kids reacting to Seinfeld", "kPiOl1WpYou-00084-00039946-00040387": "like in 2019 or was it 2018 I don't remember what that video was like but", "kPiOl1WpYou-00085-00040387-00040795": "like just showing how like offended or like touchy like kids were around these", "kPiOl1WpYou-00086-00040795-00041238": "subjects Oh Seinfeld one of the most like non-controversial", "kPiOl1WpYou-00087-00041238-00041845": "shows ever created like ever created right like if anything like from back in", "kPiOl1WpYou-00088-00041845-00042373": "that era like Roseanne use like some more edgy humor and like you know around", "kPiOl1WpYou-00089-00042373-00042736": "that time people were like time to get edgier and edgy or add to your right but", "kPiOl1WpYou-00090-00042736-00043126": "yeah I just think it shows like the time that we're in with this like outrage", "kPiOl1WpYou-00091-00043126-00043738": "culture like I really feel I really feel like so many people are just waking up", "kPiOl1WpYou-00092-00043738-00044074": "in the morning and I think it's subconscious I don't think people", "kPiOl1WpYou-00093-00044074-00044472": "intentionally do this some bite but we're living in a time where people wake", "kPiOl1WpYou-00094-00044472-00044763": "up in the morning and they're looking for something to get offended by they're", "kPiOl1WpYou-00095-00044763-00045196": "looking for it and here's the thing I'm not a psychologist or anything like that", "kPiOl1WpYou-00096-00045196-00045541": "but I'm a nerd when it comes to psychology mental health the way our", "kPiOl1WpYou-00097-00045541-00046096": "minds working everything and like there's a thing called selective", "kPiOl1WpYou-00098-00046096-00046555": "attention theory right where our brain focuses on what we train it to focus on", "kPiOl1WpYou-00099-00046555-00047170": "and when you combine that with confirmation bias it creates just like a", "kPiOl1WpYou-00100-00047170-00047557": "recipe for disaster so let's say you don't like somebody you", "kPiOl1WpYou-00101-00047557-00047932": "don't like that person right and then you you read something that they they", "kPiOl1WpYou-00102-00047932-00048372": "tweet it out or an Instagram post or you watch a video by them because of that", "kPiOl1WpYou-00103-00048372-00048769": "bias that you already have you're selective attention is going to", "kPiOl1WpYou-00104-00048769-00049327": "figure out what things they said that could be taken in an offensive way like", "kPiOl1WpYou-00105-00049327-00049738": "oh my god I cannot believe they said this like one of the reasons I love", "kPiOl1WpYou-00106-00049738-00050080": "comedians is because they do not give a damn", "kPiOl1WpYou-00107-00050080-00050455": "alright they just don't care like so many comedians like I listen to a", "kPiOl1WpYou-00108-00050455-00051025": "podcast like I was just listening to the Christie Lea podcast and like he's", "kPiOl1WpYou-00109-00051025-00051352": "talked about it I know Bill Birds talked about it some other comedians have", "kPiOl1WpYou-00110-00051352-00051913": "talked about it like every joke is going to offend somebody it's going to offend", "kPiOl1WpYou-00111-00051913-00052347": "somebody and we're such a selfish and self-centered type of", "kPiOl1WpYou-00112-00052347-00052788": "species where we only care about our thing right like if you say this thing", "kPiOl1WpYou-00113-00052788-00053185": "in offended me I care about this you know what I mean like for example if", "kPiOl1WpYou-00114-00053185-00053662": "they may like you know fat jokes I thought oh my god oh my god but wait but", "kPiOl1WpYou-00115-00053662-00054082": "then if they made you know a joke about something else I'm like that's funny you", "kPiOl1WpYou-00116-00054082-00054532": "see what I'm saying like we get offended by things that are personal to us and we", "kPiOl1WpYou-00117-00054532-00054835": "care way too much about things that really don't matter and I really think", "kPiOl1WpYou-00118-00054835-00055291": "that context of jokes like jokes especially like I'm a huge believer", "kPiOl1WpYou-00119-00055291-00056076": "where like comedians you know they they are there to make us laugh at you know", "kPiOl1WpYou-00120-00056076-00056491": "this this sometimes for rendus world that we're living in this crazy world", "kPiOl1WpYou-00121-00056491-00056899": "that we're living in and they're they're there to bring some light to some", "kPiOl1WpYou-00122-00056899-00057391": "serious topics you know what I'm saying but kind of the last thing I want to", "kPiOl1WpYou-00123-00057391-00057838": "talk about again like with Elijah Daniel's using david dobrik um you know", "kPiOl1WpYou-00124-00057838-00058367": "to get views on that video but it was for a good reason and and here's a thing", "kPiOl1WpYou-00125-00058367-00058905": "like there's so many topics that i want to discuss and because of things that", "kPiOl1WpYou-00126-00058905-00059410": "happen with me I'm like I don't know if I should but these are the types of", "kPiOl1WpYou-00127-00059410-00059964": "things that get my wheels turning like is it okay right is it okay to talk", "kPiOl1WpYou-00128-00059964-00060426": "about this this one person if it might be able to get out a more positive", "kPiOl1WpYou-00129-00060426-00060864": "message for the rest of them I think that's what a lot of commentary channels", "kPiOl1WpYou-00130-00060864-00061377": "struggle with sometimes I talked about this a little bit and I never response", "kPiOl1WpYou-00131-00061377-00061750": "video I made but I think commentary channel struggle with this a bit as well", "kPiOl1WpYou-00132-00061750-00062214": "and I think Leon Rush is probably somebody who recently went through this", "kPiOl1WpYou-00133-00062214-00062613": "and it hasn't been talked about it's something that I noticed no where he has", "kPiOl1WpYou-00134-00062613-00063099": "figured out a way to keep doing what he's doing without necessarily like", "kPiOl1WpYou-00135-00063099-00063823": "pissing off specific people but anyways I am still like like my man Tony Stark", "kPiOl1WpYou-00136-00063823-00064377": "I am a utilitarian where I believe like if if we have to talk about one thing to", "kPiOl1WpYou-00137-00064377-00064816": "get out a more positive message like I think that's important I think that's", "kPiOl1WpYou-00138-00064816-00065154": "what it is you know what I mean but I would love to know your thoughts on this", "kPiOl1WpYou-00139-00065154-00065539": "whole topic down below in the comment section whether it's about like kids at", "kPiOl1WpYou-00140-00065539-00065941": "all or like you know ah the you know effect", "kPiOl1WpYou-00141-00065941-00066306": "one person to help many other people let me know your thoughts on that down in", "kPiOl1WpYou-00142-00066306-00066610": "the comments below all right but again allows you Daniels congratulations on", "kPiOl1WpYou-00143-00066610-00067048": "your engagement I have another video planned about david dobrik and yeah if", "kPiOl1WpYou-00144-00067048-00067306": "you like this video please give it a thumbs up if you're new make sure you", "kPiOl1WpYou-00145-00067306-00067638": "subscribe and bring that freaking notification bell baby because i make a", "kPiOl1WpYou-00146-00067638-00067968": "ton of videos and a huge huge thank you to everybody support the channel over on", "kPiOl1WpYou-00147-00067968-00068277": "patreon you're all amazing and i will be answering all your questions for the", "kPiOl1WpYou-00148-00068277-00068680": "monthly patreon Q&A this week alright thanks again so so much for watching", "kPiOl1WpYou-00149-00068680-00069006": "i'll see you next time"}}, {"audio_id": "kPwbNIE1f7M", "text": {"kPwbNIE1f7M-00000-00000357-00000497": "Unconceivable"}}, {"audio_id": "kP-Qa-5BRNo", "text": {"kP-Qa-5BRNo-00000-00000010-00000060": "THROUGHOUT THE DAY TO ANSWER", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00001-00000060-00000066": "THROUGHOUT THE DAY TO ANSWER", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00002-00000066-00000400": "THROUGHOUT THE DAY TO ANSWER  QUESTIONS AND REASSURE SAFETY.", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00003-00000400-00000407": "QUESTIONS AND REASSURE SAFETY.", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00004-00000407-00000607": "QUESTIONS AND REASSURE SAFETY. THE DRIVER OF A CAR THAT HIT A", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00005-00000607-00000613": "THE DRIVER OF A CAR THAT HIT A", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00006-00000613-00000730": "THE DRIVER OF A CAR THAT HIT A BEMIDJI SCHOOL BUS LAST MAY", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00007-00000730-00000737": "BEMIDJI SCHOOL BUS LAST MAY", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00008-00000737-00000840": "BEMIDJI SCHOOL BUS LAST MAY  NOW SITS IN THE BELTRAMI", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00009-00000840-00000847": "NOW SITS IN THE BELTRAMI", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00010-00000847-00000927": "NOW SITS IN THE BELTRAMI  COUNTY JAIL.", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00011-00000927-00000934": "COUNTY JAIL.", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00012-00000934-00001107": "COUNTY JAIL. ACCORDING TO THE BELTRAMI", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00013-00001107-00001114": "ACCORDING TO THE BELTRAMI", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00014-00001114-00001227": "ACCORDING TO THE BELTRAMI  INMATES LIST, THOMAS LEE", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00015-00001227-00001234": "INMATES LIST, THOMAS LEE", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00016-00001234-00001367": "INMATES LIST, THOMAS LEE  NIELSEN NOW SITS IN JAIL FOR", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00017-00001367-00001374": "NIELSEN NOW SITS IN JAIL FOR", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00018-00001374-00001444": "NIELSEN NOW SITS IN JAIL FOR  CARELESS DRIVING.", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00019-00001444-00001451": "CARELESS DRIVING.", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00020-00001451-00001608": "CARELESS DRIVING. NIELSEN WAS SCHEDULED TO BE", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00021-00001608-00001614": "NIELSEN WAS SCHEDULED TO BE", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00022-00001614-00001691": "NIELSEN WAS SCHEDULED TO BE  SENTENCED TODAY.", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00023-00001691-00001698": "SENTENCED TODAY.", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00024-00001698-00001791": "SENTENCED TODAY. HOWEVER, AT THIS TIME WE DO", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00025-00001791-00001798": "HOWEVER, AT THIS TIME WE DO", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00026-00001798-00001991": "HOWEVER, AT THIS TIME WE DO  NOT KNOW THE TERMS OF HIS", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00027-00001991-00001998": "NOT KNOW THE TERMS OF HIS", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00028-00001998-00002031": "NOT KNOW THE TERMS OF HIS  SENTENCE.", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00029-00002031-00002038": "SENTENCE.", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00030-00002038-00002198": "SENTENCE. NIELSEN WAS CITED FOR CARELESS", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00031-00002198-00002205": "NIELSEN WAS CITED FOR CARELESS", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00032-00002205-00002315": "NIELSEN WAS CITED FOR CARELESS DRIVING IN MAY WHEN HE DROVE", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00033-00002315-00002322": "DRIVING IN MAY WHEN HE DROVE", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00034-00002322-00002425": "DRIVING IN MAY WHEN HE DROVE  THROUGH A STOP SIGN AND STRUCK", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00035-00002425-00002432": "THROUGH A STOP SIGN AND STRUCK", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00036-00002432-00002575": "THROUGH A STOP SIGN AND STRUCK A BEMIDJI SCHOOL BUS, CAUSING", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00037-00002575-00002582": "A BEMIDJI SCHOOL BUS, CAUSING", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00038-00002582-00002679": "A BEMIDJI SCHOOL BUS, CAUSING  IT TO LOSE CONTROL AND ROLL ON", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00039-00002679-00002686": "IT TO LOSE CONTROL AND ROLL ON", "kP-Qa-5BRNo-00040-00002686-00002786": "IT TO LOSE CONTROL AND ROLL ON ITS SIDE IN THE DITCH."}}, {"audio_id": "kPNWfGru3RY", "text": {"kPNWfGru3RY-00000-00000016-00001592": "we are going to be reacting to the weeknd echoes of silence", "kPNWfGru3RY-00001-00002016-00002184": "talk to me baby", "kPNWfGru3RY-00002-00002480-00003016": "man they're showing up by the weeknd's voice is just too unique today", "kPNWfGru3RY-00003-00003016-00003504": "it stands out anytime you listen to it every time you listen to it tell", "kPNWfGru3RY-00004-00004344-00004448": "you me know", "kPNWfGru3RY-00005-00004696-00005784": "how all of this would end up girl i saw it in your eyes and maybe i can read your mind", "kPNWfGru3RY-00006-00006360-00006816": "is this some is this some like futuristic like end of apocalypse thing where", "kPNWfGru3RY-00007-00006816-00007144": "it's two robots are the only ones survived last", "kPNWfGru3RY-00008-00007144-00007688": "survived i mean that could be that could be it but like the fact that like it looks it looks almost", "kPNWfGru3RY-00009-00007688-00008584": "like a video game which is weird because nowadays the graphics and video games is just ridiculous", "kPNWfGru3RY-00010-00008944-00009896": "cause we both wanted to do this but i could tell that you were scared cause you thought", "kPNWfGru3RY-00011-00011688-00012272": "oh i love that it's like recreating um this famous painting um i'm forgetting the name", "kPNWfGru3RY-00012-00012272-00012736": "of the painting i am literally forgetting the name of a painting but it's a famous painting um", "kPNWfGru3RY-00013-00012736-00013216": "that's pretty cool though that's a stunning visual right there and then the robots we're not gonna", "kPNWfGru3RY-00014-00013216-00013912": "talk about the lady robot the way the way they did that yeah i'm glad i know you guys see it i'm not", "kPNWfGru3RY-00015-00013912-00015584": "the only one i'm not the only one i know i'm not the only one so you guys you guys cannot see that", "kPNWfGru3RY-00016-00015640-00016144": "let's be mature let's be very sure about this but it's like subtle that you actually", "kPNWfGru3RY-00017-00016144-00016984": "actually like did it", "kPNWfGru3RY-00018-00017336-00017656": "nothing's gonna make me feel this real", "kPNWfGru3RY-00019-00018280-00018456": "so baby don't go home", "kPNWfGru3RY-00020-00018976-00019320": "you know one thing i love about the weekend that like usually", "kPNWfGru3RY-00021-00019320-00019920": "we don't normally say like even if this man is yawning it sounds amazing even if and the", "kPNWfGru3RY-00022-00019920-00020520": "weeknd sounds like he's like whispering sounds amazing anything the man could be", "kPNWfGru3RY-00023-00020520-00021184": "cried it will be sounding amazing i'm dead serious man it's just crazy it's crazy", "kPNWfGru3RY-00024-00021832-00022584": "nobody does nobody does", "kPNWfGru3RY-00025-00022752-00023032": "would you end your night with me", "kPNWfGru3RY-00026-00023384-00023912": "now you're pretty much like begging you know like come on girl just send your night with me man", "kPNWfGru3RY-00027-00023912-00024176": "um you gotta do what you gotta do all right the weeknd i mean", "kPNWfGru3RY-00028-00024256-00024720": "that's it i mean come on if you're the weeknd pretty much sing and it's over", "kPNWfGru3RY-00029-00024984-00025384": "don't you leave me all behind", "kPNWfGru3RY-00030-00025552-00026783": "oh my days that's stunning", "kPNWfGru3RY-00031-00027152-00027912": "this was so weird and so wrong the weekend why did you do this we can really why did you do this like", "kPNWfGru3RY-00032-00027912-00029583": "i just want to know i don't know why i'm like it's a robot bro it's a robot and i'm feeling all right", "kPNWfGru3RY-00033-00029664-00030983": "no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no", "kPNWfGru3RY-00034-00031120-00032383": "after this i am going to have serious conversation with myself", "kPNWfGru3RY-00035-00033992-00034584": "are you like the only survivor like all the robots go offline automatically and stuff and then the", "kPNWfGru3RY-00036-00034584-00035184": "weeknd end up being the only one so that's the echoes of silence oh geez that must be sad man", "kPNWfGru3RY-00037-00036552-00037104": "um yeah no for seriously that that must be like terrible man if if that's the case", "kPNWfGru3RY-00038-00037104-00037536": "uh you don't want to go through that you don't want to go through something like that", "kPNWfGru3RY-00039-00037536-00038016": "um but the like the weak in his voice is just so immaculate it's ridiculous", "kPNWfGru3RY-00040-00038016-00038488": "he sounds terrific he sounds stunning whatever he does with his voice", "kPNWfGru3RY-00041-00038488-00039064": "it always comes out here my favorite song by the weeknd is starboy blinding lights", "kPNWfGru3RY-00042-00039192-00039768": "i go crazy when and the weeknd blinding lights comes on it's just crazy but yeah that's gonna", "kPNWfGru3RY-00043-00039768-00040304": "be it for the reaction video and if you guys enjoyed this video smash the like button peace out"}}, {"audio_id": "kPRoGVIS2yg", "text": {"kPRoGVIS2yg-00000-00000000-00000843": "[music]", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00001-00000843-00001283": "This video will cover variation, including a definition of variation and the measures of", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00002-00001283-00002433": "variation: range, interquartile range, variance, standard deviation, and standardization, as well as testing differences between means.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00003-00002433-00002819": "Variation refers to how spread out the values are for a variable.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00004-00002820-00003653": "Interpreting variation - that is, explaining a variable’s variation in reference to other variables - is a foundational task in business analytics.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00005-00003653-00004473": "Variables that have values that are spread out have higher variation, while variables with values very close to the mean have lower variation.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00006-00004473-00005423": "The following measures help us understand how the values for a variable are spread out around the mean: range, interquartile range, variance,", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00007-00005423-00005773": "standard deviation, and standardization.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00008-00005773-00006319": "Using an example of salaries by gender, a question arises: Do men make more than women?", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00009-00006320-00006720": "Certainly, some men make more than some women, but is this true for the group as a whole?", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00010-00006720-00007156": "Using the principles of variation will help us answer this question.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00011-00007156-00007886": "The range is the largest number minus the smallest number. To find the range, we first sort from smallest to largest. Then we subtract the", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00012-00007886-00008799": "smallest value from the largest value.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00013-00008800-00009453": "To find the interquartile range, first separate the data into quartiles, then subtract Q1 from Q3.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00014-00009453-00010446": "To find the variance, we first calculate the mean, or average.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00015-00010446-00010799": "Then, we subtract the mean from each value and square the result.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00016-00010800-00011353": "By squaring the differences, we remove the possibility of negative values cancelling out the positive values.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00017-00011353-00012093": "Next, find the average of the squared differences.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00018-00012093-00012146": "Next, find the average of the squared differences.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00019-00012146-00012723": "However, the variance is not a very useful measure. The value we got for variance is much different from the range of salaries that our", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00020-00012723-00013473": "variable captures. To get it back into the correct scale, we take the square root of the variance—this results in the standard deviation.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00021-00013473-00014129": "This value is used relative to the mean to determine which values are within the normal variation of the Salary variable.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00022-00014130-00014590": "Subtract the standard deviation from the mean to find the lower threshold.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00023-00014590-00014990": "Add the standard deviation to the mean to find the upper threshold.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00024-00014990-00015880": "Using the standard deviation gives us a way to determine which values are within the normal variation, and which values are either less than", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00025-00015880-00016269": "normal or greater than normal. In other words, it gives us the ability to identify outliers more easily.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00026-00016269-00017166": "In our example, we can identify that the smallest 2 salaries, $28,665 and $29,500, and the largest", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00027-00017166-00017843": "salary, $44,020, are outside one standard deviation from the mean.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00028-00017843-00018553": "Mean and standard deviation are measures that describe the distribution of a set of a numbers. But what if we want to describe the numbers", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00029-00018553-00019016": "within the set to compare to numbers within an entirely different set? We can do this by", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00030-00019016-00019503": "standardizing the values. In statistics, this measure is called the z-score.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00031-00019503-00019973": "To standardize a value, subtract the mean and divide by the standard deviation.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00032-00019973-00020829": "For example, in the first row of our dataset, since we’ve already calculated the “Salary - Mean” column, all we need to do is divide by $4,103 to", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00033-00020830-00022013": "get the result of of -1.14. This value can be interpreted as: “The value of $29,500 is 1.14 standard deviations lower than the mean.”", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00034-00022013-00022823": "Looking at the rest of the values, we see that the largest salary, $44,020, is actually very far away from the mean. This must be a high performing", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00035-00022823-00023599": "bank teller! We can use this standardized value to compare the high performing bank teller to the high performer of another profession.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00036-00023600-00024256": "Let’s return to the question posed at the beginning - Do men make more than women? To answer this question, we can use a statistical", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00037-00024256-00024986": "test called a t-test. This test requires we make 3 assumptions about our data, which (for now), we will assume to be true.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00038-00024986-00025269": "The two populations have the same variance.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00039-00025270-00025513": "The populations are normally distributed.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00040-00025513-00025953": "Each value is sampled independently from each other value.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00041-00025953-00026373": "By considering the values of salary separately, we can see that females have the lowest value", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00042-00026373-00026763": "and the highest value, so the variation must be higher.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00043-00026763-00027403": "Calculating the mean and standard deviation for each group, we see that the mean is almost the same, yet the standard deviation for females is", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00044-00027403-00028169": "more than twice that for males. Using the these values we can calculate the t-statistic and corresponding p-value, but in Excel, we only", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00045-00028170-00028570": "need the original values in different columns.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00046-00028570-00029196": "Using the =T.TEST() function, we get a p-value of 0.44. Since this value is much higher than 0.05,", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00047-00029196-00029726": "we conclude that the two distributions are not statistically significant. This is mainly due to the", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00048-00029726-00030396": "fact that our sample size for this example is very small, and also because the means are almost equivalent.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00049-00030396-00031366": "This concludes our video on measures of variation. Today we defined variation, and then discussed range, interquartile range, variance,", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00050-00031366-00031673": "standard deviation, standardization, and testing differences between means.", "kPRoGVIS2yg-00051-00031673-00032526": "[music]"}}, {"audio_id": "kPYf6PdKFmM", "text": {"kPYf6PdKFmM-00000-00000000-00000341": "This video will talk about how to use the summation symbol.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00001-00000341-00000431": "But before I do that,", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00002-00000431-00001190": "I'm going to give you one of my favorite math jokes.  That is, the square root of negative one, two to the third power, the summation", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00003-00001221-00001553": "symbol, and then the symbol for pi.  Or, I", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00004-00001693-00001825": "Ate", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00005-00001825-00002025": "some pi.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00006-00002050-00002367": "Translated to English: I ate some pie and", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00007-00002460-00002652": "It was delicious.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00008-00002652-00003053": "Alright, but we're actually here to talk about the summation symbol.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00009-00003082-00003821": "This is the summation symbol. it is the capital Greek letter sigma, and it means either summation or addition.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00010-00003821-00004207": "We never use the sigma symbol by itself. We never use the summation symbol by itself.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00011-00004290-00004889": "At the bottom of the summation symbol will be an index. In this case, I'm using the variable k. And", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00012-00004942-00005607": "we'l give a starting value. I could start at zero. I could start at one, I could even start at negative 10.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00013-00005686-00006377": "But I'm going to start at zero for this example. On the top of the summation symbol will be another number.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00014-00006378-00006900": "And that's going to be where we're ending our summation. It could be a variable n.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00015-00006904-00007422": "It could be a number like 10 and it could even be infinity. But we'll leave it at n.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00016-00007422-00007754": "And then we also have an element x sub k.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00017-00007825-00008375": "Different elements based on the index that we're sequencing through.  Again k is our index.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00018-00008375-00008930": "It does not have to be k.  You'll see i. Sometimes, you'll even use n. In this case,", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00019-00008931-00009681": "we're using a k. We've got our starting value, and then at the top we have our ending value, and again our element.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00020-00009718-00009918": "Let's look at an example.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00021-00009922-00010316": "This is a summation from k equals 0 to 4 of k squared.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00022-00010456-00010922": "So what does that equal? Well, first we let k equal 0.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00023-00010989-00011213": "Then we increase K by 1", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00024-00011302-00011711": "to 1. Then we add another one.  And now we have", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00025-00011860-00011968": "two, three, ...", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00026-00011968-00012257": "until K is equal to 4. And at that point", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00027-00012257-00012776": "we stop, because our lowest value is 0 and our highest value is 4. Now", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00028-00012777-00013289": "I just go ahead and evaluate the elements.  Zero squared is zero, one squared is one.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00029-00013388-00013585": "Two squared is four,", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00030-00013585-00013693": "nine,", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00031-00013693-00014454": "sixteen, and when I add these all together, I get that the summation from zero to four of K squared is equal to", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00032-00014472-00014631": "thirty.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00033-00014631-00014984": "Let's do a different example. This is the summation from n", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00034-00014985-00015623": "equals zero to four of negative 1 to the nth power divided by 1 plus n. Again in this case", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00035-00015624-00015780": "I'm using the Index n.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00036-00015780-00016157": "It really doesn't matter, as long as I'm consistent throughout my summation.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00037-00016183-00016713": "You might want to pause the video, and see if you could come up with an answer for this, before I go ahead and give", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00038-00016713-00016913": "you the solution.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00039-00016993-00017140": "And", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00040-00017140-00017426": "here's the solution.  We first let n equal 0.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00041-00017494-00017936": "Then we let n equal one, two, three, and then four.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00042-00018048-00018797": "And what happens in the numerator, is we have negative 1 to the 0th power. Well, anything to the 0th power is 1.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00043-00018847-00019538": "But negative 1 to the first power is negative 1.  But negative 1 squared is going to be positive 1. Etc.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00044-00019594-00020102": "So we'll have our numerator sign alternate between positive and negative.  And then our denominator", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00045-00020137-00020787": "went from 1 plus 0, to 1 plus 1, to 1 plus 2, etc., until 1 plus 4.", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00046-00020857-00021569": "When I put these in terms of a common denominator and add them up, I get that the summation from n", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00047-00021570-00021848": "equals 0 to 4 of negative 1 to the nth", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00048-00021848-00022625": "power, divided by 1 plus n is equal to 47 divided by 60. That's about all you need to know to be able to calculate", "kPYf6PdKFmM-00049-00022690-00022890": "summations."}}, {"audio_id": "kQanzJlJ3KM", "text": {"kQanzJlJ3KM-00000-00001876-00002076": "You hurt Eda", "kQanzJlJ3KM-00001-00002076-00002276": "You put her in chains", "kQanzJlJ3KM-00002-00002318-00002666": "And now, I will take you down!", "kQanzJlJ3KM-00003-00003039-00003175": "I like your spirit", "kQanzJlJ3KM-00004-00003209-00003459": "But try that again and things won't end well for you", "kQanzJlJ3KM-00005-00003571-00003813": "I may have lost, but so have you", "kQanzJlJ3KM-00006-00004294-00004494": "I thought you wanted to fight!"}}, {"audio_id": "kREZR_4K9xk", "text": {"kREZR_4K9xk-00000-00003932-00004236": "Return of the Evil Spirit", "kREZR_4K9xk-00001-00004344-00004912": "T he marvelous world of the Alps never stops inspiring all the inhabitants of this land.", "kREZR_4K9xk-00002-00004932-00005540": "Everyone loves their world and does everything possible to keep this magic atmosphere.", "kREZR_4K9xk-00003-00005568-00006040": "Roggy, we can’t catch anything for the second day in a row.", "kREZR_4K9xk-00004-00006052-00006468": "Oh,we’re bad fishermen", "kREZR_4K9xk-00005-00006523-00006940": "It’s not you, it’s just because there is no fish in the river.", "kREZR_4K9xk-00006-00006976-00007323": "Castor! What do you mean by ‘no fish’?", "kREZR_4K9xk-00007-00007388-00007720": "Simple as that. There used to be fish and then it disappeared.", "kREZR_4K9xk-00008-00007756-00007952": "That’s impossible…", "kREZR_4K9xk-00009-00008600-00009500": "Ouch,ouch,ouch! Guys, there is really no fish. We have to do something! We have to find fish!", "kREZR_4K9xk-00010-00010724-00010968": "Oh, what is it?", "kREZR_4K9xk-00011-00011524-00011828": "Coco, I think I know that laugh.", "kREZR_4K9xk-00012-00011920-00012812": "Hahaha. . You thought I didn’t exist anymore? I’m invincible!", "kREZR_4K9xk-00013-00013063-00013391": "Leave our friend alone!", "kREZR_4K9xk-00014-00013428-00013652": "You are saying ‘friend’?!", "kREZR_4K9xk-00015-00013972-00014224": "Castor, what’s wrong with you?", "kREZR_4K9xk-00016-00015044-00015308": "Coco! blow!", "kREZR_4K9xk-00017-00015680-00015919": "What is going on?!", "kREZR_4K9xk-00018-00015940-00016548": "Spirit of Mountains! Disaster! Your twin brother has plotted something terrible...", "kREZR_4K9xk-00019-00016616-00016952": "I see that it’s his work", "kREZR_4K9xk-00020-00017432-00017720": "Spirit of Mountains, the fish has disappeared", "kREZR_4K9xk-00021-00017744-00018184": "The fish is poisoned by Evil Spirit’s magic. Everyone who eats it, becomes evil.", "kREZR_4K9xk-00022-00018216-00019140": "You have to get to the Big Forest fast and tell all the inhabitants about it.", "kREZR_4K9xk-00023-00020416-00020696": "This is your rudder.", "kREZR_4K9xk-00024-00021148-00021476": "And you, my friend, hit splash water with your tail.", "kREZR_4K9xk-00025-00022064-00022620": "Hurry up! Save the Alps!", "kREZR_4K9xk-00026-00027032-00027420": "Guests from the valley! Please, join our table.", "kREZR_4K9xk-00027-00027672-00028327": "Soory, but we cant’t eat it, It’s under the magic of Evil Spirit.", "kREZR_4K9xk-00028-00028383-00028639": "What? What are you talking about? What magic ?", "kREZR_4K9xk-00029-00028727-00029372": "Bonnium asked to inform all the inhabitants of the Big Forest about this disaster. it’s the doings of Mallium.", "kREZR_4K9xk-00030-00029392-00030016": "We believe to Bonnium. He always protects our Forest.", "kREZR_4K9xk-00031-00030252-00030568": "And we are ready to fight. Let’s start !", "kREZR_4K9xk-00032-00030976-00031483": "They are all under my power ! They are all my slaves !", "kREZR_4K9xk-00033-00032680-00032880": "Let’s go, get him !", "kREZR_4K9xk-00034-00033176-00033552": "No, why is it not work?", "kREZR_4K9xk-00035-00034120-00035316": "Let him go! We must fight evil with kindness. And it’s never late to correct the mistakes.", "kREZR_4K9xk-00036-00035348-00035714": "Well done for today! You are all defenders of the Alps."}}, {"audio_id": "kRFkBvbbafk", "text": {"kRFkBvbbafk-00000-00000000-00000366": "Intro", "kRFkBvbbafk-00001-00000393-00000817": "In this video, I  will teach you how to lock your Facebook profile", "kRFkBvbbafk-00002-00000840-00000941": "It's very easy", "kRFkBvbbafk-00003-00000941-00001589": "Often People know about this but some people did not know how to lock their Facebook profile", "kRFkBvbbafk-00004-00001607-00001807": "What are the advantages of profile locking also what are the disadvantages", "kRFkBvbbafk-00005-00002127-00002661": "In this video, i will teach you how to lock your Facebook profile in one click"}}, {"audio_id": "kRGneBgIC20", "text": {"kRGneBgIC20-00000-00000045-00013116": "BUGÜN ESKİ FORTNİTE OYNUYORUZ İYİ SEYİRLER"}}, {"audio_id": "kRT771jeKkk", "text": {"kRT771jeKkk-00000-00000013-00000186": "- So when I read a comment a couple days ago", "kRT771jeKkk-00001-00000186-00000411": "from someone saying I can't wait until I see the video", "kRT771jeKkk-00002-00000411-00000564": "of you walking for the first time", "kRT771jeKkk-00003-00000564-00000787": "and I responded with oh gosh, thank you so much.", "kRT771jeKkk-00004-00000787-00000997": "I can't wait until that day, either.", "kRT771jeKkk-00005-00000997-00001349": "I was picturing in my head, honestly, months out.", "kRT771jeKkk-00006-00001349-00001539": "I didn't think that video would be today.", "kRT771jeKkk-00007-00001539-00001664": "Hey everybody, welcome back.", "kRT771jeKkk-00008-00001664-00001918": "Before we get to the footage that I cannot wait to show you", "kRT771jeKkk-00009-00001918-00002094": "and that I am so excited for,", "kRT771jeKkk-00010-00002094-00002241": "there's a bit of a story leading up to it.", "kRT771jeKkk-00011-00002241-00002465": "So this video may be a little bit longer", "kRT771jeKkk-00012-00002465-00002784": "than my videos normally are and I ask you to bear with me.", "kRT771jeKkk-00013-00002784-00002953": "If you want, of course, skip ahead.", "kRT771jeKkk-00014-00002953-00003161": "I'm not gonna do the YouTube thing where I force you", "kRT771jeKkk-00015-00003161-00003257": "to listen to my whole story", "kRT771jeKkk-00016-00003257-00003547": "before you get to the walking part.", "kRT771jeKkk-00017-00003547-00003676": "So that's at the end of this video.", "kRT771jeKkk-00018-00003676-00003759": "Feel free to skip ahead.", "kRT771jeKkk-00019-00003759-00003976": "But if you wanna hear the story, don't do that.", "kRT771jeKkk-00020-00003976-00004082": "I wanna tell it to you.", "kRT771jeKkk-00021-00004082-00004436": "So a few days ago, I was walking in a Smashburger", "kRT771jeKkk-00022-00004436-00004633": "and I smashed my leg.", "kRT771jeKkk-00023-00004633-00004869": "I went into a greasy burger place", "kRT771jeKkk-00024-00004869-00005221": "that had very unwashed floors, which I was unaware of,", "kRT771jeKkk-00025-00005221-00005607": "and went down hard on my leg.", "kRT771jeKkk-00026-00005607-00005941": "My crutches just completely flew out from underneath me.", "kRT771jeKkk-00027-00005941-00006161": "I had no hope of staying up.", "kRT771jeKkk-00028-00006161-00006553": "And I landed on, directly on, my stump.", "kRT771jeKkk-00029-00006656-00007031": "Was in a ton of pain, got home quickly,", "kRT771jeKkk-00030-00007031-00007259": "iced it the rest of the day, talked to the doctor.", "kRT771jeKkk-00031-00007259-00007500": "They said to keep it elevated, keep it iced.", "kRT771jeKkk-00032-00007614-00007880": "My prosthetics appointment is supposed to be on Monday.", "kRT771jeKkk-00033-00007880-00008145": "Don't know if that's gonna happen again.", "kRT771jeKkk-00034-00008145-00008432": "That'll be like the 4th time we've moved it out further.", "kRT771jeKkk-00035-00008432-00008561": "When I fell, it was two days out", "kRT771jeKkk-00036-00008561-00008690": "from my prosthetics appointment,", "kRT771jeKkk-00037-00008690-00008926": "when I was supposed to get casted for my prosthetic", "kRT771jeKkk-00038-00008926-00009273": "and also stand up in it and maybe take a first step", "kRT771jeKkk-00039-00009273-00009363": "for the first time.", "kRT771jeKkk-00040-00009363-00009612": "I thought there was no way this was going to happen.", "kRT771jeKkk-00041-00009612-00009723": "It hurt way too much.", "kRT771jeKkk-00042-00009723-00009806": "It was swollen.", "kRT771jeKkk-00043-00009806-00010009": "I was taking care of it by icing and elevating,", "kRT771jeKkk-00044-00010009-00010123": "which was doctor's orders,", "kRT771jeKkk-00045-00010123-00010384": "but I didn't think I was gonna be able to make it.", "kRT771jeKkk-00046-00010384-00010528": "They told me to come in anyways", "kRT771jeKkk-00047-00010528-00010831": "and so I thought, eh, might as well.", "kRT771jeKkk-00048-00010831-00010939": "Good morning everybody.", "kRT771jeKkk-00049-00010939-00011207": "It is round two, three, of heading up to Denver", "kRT771jeKkk-00050-00011207-00011579": "to get my casting and check socket done for my prosthetic.", "kRT771jeKkk-00051-00011579-00011777": "So I don't actually think this is gonna happen.", "kRT771jeKkk-00052-00011777-00011925": "I think that I'm gonna get up there", "kRT771jeKkk-00053-00011925-00012178": "and they're probably gonna say hey, we can't do anything.", "kRT771jeKkk-00054-00012178-00012344": "But I mean, I get to drive for an hour and a half", "kRT771jeKkk-00055-00012344-00012648": "with my mom up there and back, so I'll take it.", "kRT771jeKkk-00056-00012648-00012862": "Fingers crossed something actually happens today", "kRT771jeKkk-00057-00012862-00012976": "and I see some progress.", "kRT771jeKkk-00058-00012976-00013207": "So let's just take a quick moment", "kRT771jeKkk-00059-00013207-00013394": "to acknowledge how cute my mom is.", "kRT771jeKkk-00060-00013394-00013547": "I got in the back seat.", "kRT771jeKkk-00061-00013547-00013724": "Nice little note to elevate the leg", "kRT771jeKkk-00062-00013724-00014063": "with Christmas lights in the back and a bunch of pillows.", "kRT771jeKkk-00063-00014063-00014197": "Mom, you're the sweetest.", "kRT771jeKkk-00064-00014197-00014393": "I got up there and I was shocked to hear", "kRT771jeKkk-00065-00014393-00014669": "that it was actually not too swollen", "kRT771jeKkk-00066-00014669-00014876": "and they could do the casting for the prosthetic.", "kRT771jeKkk-00067-00014876-00015068": "Now, it was still a lot of pain,", "kRT771jeKkk-00068-00015068-00015260": "so if you see me cringing a lot", "kRT771jeKkk-00069-00015260-00015485": "and looking unhappy in these videos,", "kRT771jeKkk-00070-00015485-00015728": "it's A, 'cause it was a bit of a challenging day", "kRT771jeKkk-00071-00015728-00015929": "but B, because it hurt a lot.", "kRT771jeKkk-00072-00015929-00016115": "But it was totally worth it.", "kRT771jeKkk-00073-00016115-00016374": "(bright music)", "kRT771jeKkk-00074-00021150-00021352": "And then I had to leave for hours", "kRT771jeKkk-00075-00021352-00021589": "because I was told when you come back,", "kRT771jeKkk-00076-00021589-00021743": "we're gonna have it ready to go", "kRT771jeKkk-00077-00021743-00021999": "and you'll be able to stand in it and, you know,", "kRT771jeKkk-00078-00021999-00022242": "maybe take a step or two for the first time.", "kRT771jeKkk-00079-00022242-00022676": "And my expected response and my actual response", "kRT771jeKkk-00080-00022676-00022883": "to hearing that I'd be standing and maybe walking", "kRT771jeKkk-00081-00022883-00023050": "for the first time that day", "kRT771jeKkk-00082-00023050-00023300": "in my prosthetic leg were polar opposite things.", "kRT771jeKkk-00083-00023300-00023768": "I figured I would be just jazzed and super excited", "kRT771jeKkk-00084-00023768-00023934": "and ready to call everybody I knew", "kRT771jeKkk-00085-00023934-00024139": "and just tell them oh my God, today's the day,", "kRT771jeKkk-00086-00024139-00024253": "as soon as I heard that news.", "kRT771jeKkk-00087-00024253-00024483": "But I did not feel that way.", "kRT771jeKkk-00088-00024483-00024722": "I felt nothing like that.", "kRT771jeKkk-00089-00024722-00025142": "Got word that I would be able to stand", "kRT771jeKkk-00090-00025142-00025376": "and maybe take my first couple steps today", "kRT771jeKkk-00091-00025376-00025652": "and you would think that I would be super excited", "kRT771jeKkk-00092-00025652-00026152": "and, instead, I feel this crushing exhaustion", "kRT771jeKkk-00093-00026187-00026512": "and apprehension, so much fear.", "kRT771jeKkk-00094-00026512-00026791": "And that doesn't make any sense to me.", "kRT771jeKkk-00095-00026791-00026992": "I'm not sure if it comes from feeling like,", "kRT771jeKkk-00096-00026992-00027470": "if it's fear of just the unknown and the next step or what,", "kRT771jeKkk-00097-00027470-00027701": "but this should be something that is just,", "kRT771jeKkk-00098-00027701-00027835": "I shouldn't use the word should.", "kRT771jeKkk-00099-00027835-00028145": "Should is the only bad word in my therapist's office", "kRT771jeKkk-00100-00028145-00028304": "'cause there is not a should when I comes", "kRT771jeKkk-00101-00028304-00028495": "to dealing with anything.", "kRT771jeKkk-00102-00028495-00028745": "But I feel like a normal reaction", "kRT771jeKkk-00103-00028745-00029005": "to this news would be ecstasy", "kRT771jeKkk-00104-00029005-00029299": "and oh my God, let's go celebrate today.", "kRT771jeKkk-00105-00029299-00029530": "And like ah, this is great.", "kRT771jeKkk-00106-00029530-00030030": "But I just feel almost angry", "kRT771jeKkk-00107-00030163-00030348": "and upset and sad", "kRT771jeKkk-00108-00030480-00030725": "and like I don't wanna do this today.", "kRT771jeKkk-00109-00030844-00030987": "How weird is that?", "kRT771jeKkk-00110-00030987-00031112": "I'm gonna have to work on trying", "kRT771jeKkk-00111-00031112-00031348": "to figure out where that's coming from", "kRT771jeKkk-00112-00031348-00031461": "'cause it's so weird to me.", "kRT771jeKkk-00113-00031461-00031749": "And understand that while, intellectually,", "kRT771jeKkk-00114-00031749-00032070": "I was incredibly grateful for this,", "kRT771jeKkk-00115-00032070-00032445": "I was thankful that this day was here, all of that,", "kRT771jeKkk-00116-00032445-00032668": "emotionally, I was exhausted.", "kRT771jeKkk-00117-00032668-00033052": "Emotionally, I was very unsure if this was gonna work.", "kRT771jeKkk-00118-00033052-00033244": "I wasn't sure if the pain", "kRT771jeKkk-00119-00033244-00033443": "because of the fall was gonna be too much.", "kRT771jeKkk-00120-00033443-00033766": "I was tired of having to feel like I had", "kRT771jeKkk-00121-00033766-00033931": "to be a certain way.", "kRT771jeKkk-00122-00033931-00034278": "I think I felt the pressure of having to feel like I had", "kRT771jeKkk-00123-00034278-00034603": "to be excited and so I just was crashing.", "kRT771jeKkk-00124-00034603-00035031": "I was just feeling all of the emotions and so tired.", "kRT771jeKkk-00125-00035031-00035381": "And so I ate junk food.", "kRT771jeKkk-00126-00035381-00035687": "If you watched the first prosthetics video,", "kRT771jeKkk-00127-00035687-00035879": "you'll see that, in that video,", "kRT771jeKkk-00128-00035879-00036051": "I went to a McDonald's and couldn't get ice cream.", "kRT771jeKkk-00129-00036051-00036221": "We went to that same McDonald's.", "kRT771jeKkk-00130-00036221-00036463": "I could get ice cream, thank God.", "kRT771jeKkk-00131-00036463-00036929": "Is there anything that sugar and dairy", "kRT771jeKkk-00132-00036929-00037092": "and cookies can't fix?", "kRT771jeKkk-00133-00037092-00037343": "Personally, think it's the best fuel", "kRT771jeKkk-00134-00037343-00037583": "for new and scary things.", "kRT771jeKkk-00135-00037583-00037996": "'Cause your body needs to burn calories.", "kRT771jeKkk-00136-00038111-00038226": "- [Mom] There's some calories.", "kRT771jeKkk-00137-00038226-00038349": "- So here's some (laughs).", "kRT771jeKkk-00138-00038349-00038436": "- [Mom] Burn away.", "kRT771jeKkk-00139-00038436-00038545": "- Here's some calories.", "kRT771jeKkk-00140-00038545-00038726": "- [Mom] What's the big deal (laughs).", "kRT771jeKkk-00141-00038726-00038977": "- So filled with junk food, I took a nap in the back seat", "kRT771jeKkk-00142-00038977-00039152": "and just waited for the appointment,", "kRT771jeKkk-00143-00039152-00039490": "figured I'd get it over, uh, just go home, you know?", "kRT771jeKkk-00144-00039490-00039679": "Thankfully that is not how things actually went", "kRT771jeKkk-00145-00039679-00039763": "when I got there.", "kRT771jeKkk-00146-00039763-00039996": "My husband came up to Denver and met me up there.", "kRT771jeKkk-00147-00039996-00040234": "And as we actually sat down in the appointment,", "kRT771jeKkk-00148-00040234-00040490": "I started getting kind of excited.", "kRT771jeKkk-00149-00040490-00040714": "And as I met with my prosthetist", "kRT771jeKkk-00150-00040714-00041017": "and we started getting things fitted", "kRT771jeKkk-00151-00041017-00041292": "and I started learning how to actually put it on", "kRT771jeKkk-00152-00041292-00041629": "and got to see it and all of that,", "kRT771jeKkk-00153-00041629-00041870": "I started feeling more and more on par", "kRT771jeKkk-00154-00041870-00042059": "with what I kind of expected to feel.", "kRT771jeKkk-00155-00042059-00042269": "But it all came together when I was able", "kRT771jeKkk-00156-00042269-00042575": "to actually stand up in it for the first time", "kRT771jeKkk-00157-00042575-00042745": "and then take a couple steps.", "kRT771jeKkk-00158-00042745-00043004": "(bright music)", "kRT771jeKkk-00159-00050407-00050554": "And it honestly felt amazing.", "kRT771jeKkk-00160-00050554-00050750": "Don't get me wrong, it really hurt.", "kRT771jeKkk-00161-00050750-00050915": "It was physically very painful.", "kRT771jeKkk-00162-00050915-00051127": "But emotionally, it was awesome.", "kRT771jeKkk-00163-00051127-00051455": "I was able to do so much more than I expected.", "kRT771jeKkk-00164-00051455-00051705": "My leg is doing really, really, really well.", "kRT771jeKkk-00165-00051705-00051850": "If there's one thing that I learn", "kRT771jeKkk-00166-00051850-00051976": "over and over and over again,", "kRT771jeKkk-00167-00051976-00052216": "is that I cannot predict what I'm going", "kRT771jeKkk-00168-00052216-00052342": "to feel about anything.", "kRT771jeKkk-00169-00052342-00052541": "And the more that I try to be any one thing,", "kRT771jeKkk-00170-00052541-00052848": "the more that I try to fake it or always be positive", "kRT771jeKkk-00171-00052848-00053040": "and always be happy, it just doesn't work.", "kRT771jeKkk-00172-00053040-00053283": "That might work for an hour or a day", "kRT771jeKkk-00173-00053283-00053394": "but it doesn't stick.", "kRT771jeKkk-00174-00053394-00053708": "And that was definitely true in this case", "kRT771jeKkk-00175-00053708-00054136": "because I felt pretty much all of the emotions", "kRT771jeKkk-00176-00054136-00054303": "in an eight hour period.", "kRT771jeKkk-00177-00054303-00054454": "You name it, I felt it.", "kRT771jeKkk-00178-00054454-00054873": "And I learned over again how important it is to be honest", "kRT771jeKkk-00179-00054873-00055229": "with myself and not to fake it for me, for my family,", "kRT771jeKkk-00180-00055229-00055453": "for my friends, for the camera, for anybody.", "kRT771jeKkk-00181-00055453-00055713": "Because this journey is weird.", "kRT771jeKkk-00182-00055713-00055841": "This journey is crazy.", "kRT771jeKkk-00183-00055841-00056054": "It's really cool and super exciting", "kRT771jeKkk-00184-00056054-00056317": "and then it's also a tiny bit heartbreaking", "kRT771jeKkk-00185-00056317-00056427": "and really painful.", "kRT771jeKkk-00186-00056427-00056594": "And there are moments when I get angry", "kRT771jeKkk-00187-00056594-00056840": "and moments where I'm scared as hell,", "kRT771jeKkk-00188-00056840-00057030": "like I was yesterday for moments.", "kRT771jeKkk-00189-00057030-00057316": "But overall, it's really cool", "kRT771jeKkk-00190-00057316-00057533": "and I think if there's one take away", "kRT771jeKkk-00191-00057533-00057636": "that I have from yesterday,", "kRT771jeKkk-00192-00057636-00057964": "aside from I have a leg, which is super cool,", "kRT771jeKkk-00193-00057964-00058390": "it's that I need to continue to practice authenticity", "kRT771jeKkk-00194-00058390-00058566": "because I place a high priority on that", "kRT771jeKkk-00195-00058566-00058957": "and when I stop being authentic with myself,", "kRT771jeKkk-00196-00058957-00059286": "I just crash and burn, end up angry and bitter and crying", "kRT771jeKkk-00197-00059286-00059501": "in a back seat of a car, riding around Denver,", "kRT771jeKkk-00198-00059501-00059587": "waiting for an appointment.", "kRT771jeKkk-00199-00059587-00059841": "So I'm gonna continue attempting to do that", "kRT771jeKkk-00200-00059841-00059983": "and I hope that's okay with you guys", "kRT771jeKkk-00201-00059983-00060180": "because it does not mean being chipper and happy", "kRT771jeKkk-00202-00060180-00060351": "and positive all of the time.", "kRT771jeKkk-00203-00060351-00060588": "So from here on out, it's gonna be learning how", "kRT771jeKkk-00204-00060588-00060777": "to walk on my prosthetic leg,", "kRT771jeKkk-00205-00060777-00061032": "learning how to walk on it without crutches", "kRT771jeKkk-00206-00061032-00061141": "or without other aids", "kRT771jeKkk-00207-00061141-00061430": "because there's no way I can put my full weight on it yet.", "kRT771jeKkk-00208-00061430-00061707": "It's gonna be a while until I can build up to that.", "kRT771jeKkk-00209-00061707-00061896": "Pretty much every week I'm gonna be meeting", "kRT771jeKkk-00210-00061896-00062235": "with my leg guy, my prosthetics guy,", "kRT771jeKkk-00211-00062235-00062687": "to have the socket reworked and redone,", "kRT771jeKkk-00212-00062687-00062911": "make sure that there's pressure in the right places,", "kRT771jeKkk-00213-00062911-00063083": "not in the wrong places.", "kRT771jeKkk-00214-00063083-00063377": "Then eventually I'll get my final socket.", "kRT771jeKkk-00215-00063377-00063583": "It's only final for a couple months", "kRT771jeKkk-00216-00063583-00063696": "and then I'll have another one made.", "kRT771jeKkk-00217-00063696-00064042": "In about a year I should have the leg I'll be using", "kRT771jeKkk-00218-00064042-00064241": "for a long time at that point.", "kRT771jeKkk-00219-00064241-00064662": "So it's gonna be an evolving process but a big step.", "kRT771jeKkk-00220-00064662-00064791": "Do you like that terrible pun?", "kRT771jeKkk-00221-00064791-00064966": "Was taken forward yesterday.", "kRT771jeKkk-00222-00064966-00065210": "I do have my foot here with me at home.", "kRT771jeKkk-00223-00065210-00065615": "You can see kind of some of the cool pieces in there.", "kRT771jeKkk-00224-00065615-00065913": "So this Christmas, I will be learning how to use this baby", "kRT771jeKkk-00225-00065913-00066169": "and enjoying the process.", "kRT771jeKkk-00226-00066169-00066286": "Thanks, guys, for watching.", "kRT771jeKkk-00227-00066286-00066402": "I hope you enjoyed.", "kRT771jeKkk-00228-00066402-00066555": "I seriously appreciate all", "kRT771jeKkk-00229-00066555-00066699": "of your support more than I can tell you,", "kRT771jeKkk-00230-00066699-00066834": "and your encouragement.", "kRT771jeKkk-00231-00066834-00067016": "And thanks for being part of this journey", "kRT771jeKkk-00232-00067016-00067208": "and for being excited along with me.", "kRT771jeKkk-00233-00067208-00067437": "I was able to take my first steps yesterday, guys.", "kRT771jeKkk-00234-00067437-00067559": "How cool is that?", "kRT771jeKkk-00235-00067559-00067642": "Thanks for watching.", "kRT771jeKkk-00236-00067642-00067758": "I look forward to talking to you soon.", "kRT771jeKkk-00237-00067758-00067851": "Bye guys.", "kRT771jeKkk-00238-00067851-00068117": "(bright music)"}}, {"audio_id": "kRYep_qq1Pc", "text": {"kRYep_qq1Pc-00000-00000187-00000620": "The CTE program in general is a wonderful program here at Edison", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00001-00000620-00001225": "I believe we offer fourteen different locational disciplines", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00002-00001225-00001877": "Every one of them has a component of literacy which includes certainly all math,", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00003-00001877-00002331": "reading, writing as well as specific technical information but I", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00004-00002331-00002753": "know the teachers that I work with, uhh, do a wonderful job and they work as hard", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00005-00002753-00003093": "as you can possibly work to provide a quality education released", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00006-00003093-00003471": "an opportunity for a quality education.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00007-00003471-00003851": "If you do the things that I ask you to do and you learn the things that I would", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00008-00003851-00004233": "like to teach you there's nothing that we cannot do.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00009-00004233-00004685": "This little piece equipment down stand in front of right now is a forklift", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00010-00004685-00005075": "and you can get certified in this coming out of high school.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00011-00005075-00005428": "Now the law says you gotta be 18 even get behind one of these", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00012-00005428-00005660": "things even learn how to operate it.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00013-00005660-00006130": "But because in a program that we have here are so unique, you can start learning", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00014-00006130-00006405": "at 15 to 16 and then when you get ready to graduate.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00015-00006405-00006711": "You'll already know how to operate this and you'll want to get a", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00016-00006711-00006963": "job, you know operating one of these lifts.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00017-00006963-00007197": "Lighting, camera work, editing.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00018-00007197-00008125": "All of those things put together, the basics of in three phases in your three years.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00019-00008125-00008543": "You learn about pre-production, the planning, you learn about production, the", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00020-00008543-00008972": "actual shooting and execution, and you learn about post-production,", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00021-00008972-00009479": "which is bringing it all together inside of the editing station on your computer", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00022-00009479-00009817": "and then sharing it out and distributing out to the world.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00023-00009817-00010281": "Would ever get whatever you put into the program that are you going to get out of it.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00024-00010281-00010542": "Welding is a building block process.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00025-00010542-00011132": "The way it is broken down throughout three years is nice because it allows the", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00026-00011132-00011606": "students to not only learn the basics of all the processes,", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00027-00011606-00012078": "but also to further their skills on regarding those processes", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00028-00012078-00012439": "which transitions into a job after their senior year.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00029-00012439-00012777": "We actually have tenth graders that began this year.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00030-00012777-00013241": "They are about to do a full paint job on a Dodge pickup.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00031-00013241-00013993": "They're also about to do a custom paint job on a Mazda Miata and they are restoring", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00032-00013993-00014418": "a 1967 Pontiac GTO.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00033-00014418-00014887": "And by your senior year you're actually installing heating and air conditioning", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00034-00014887-00015140": "equipment and also doing service and repair.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00035-00015140-00015594": "I can prepare student here in three years to be able to work on electrical", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00036-00015594-00016060": "problems, to be able to work on suspension problem, engine running problem, and also", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00037-00016060-00016174": "repair brakes.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00038-00016174-00016346": "Type a student who really likes this class is", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00039-00016346-00016468": "the creative student.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00040-00016468-00016737": "Whether it's drawing; there are students that can draw beautifully.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00041-00016737-00016962": "There are students that, uhm,", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00042-00016962-00017198": "can't draw at all that take this class but they like", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00043-00017198-00017490": "the idea of creating something on a computer, being able to take", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00044-00017490-00017645": "nothing and form something.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00045-00017645-00017938": "There are tremendous artists in this class who love to sketch", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00046-00017938-00018081": "and they take their sketches and bring it into", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00047-00018081-00018531": "a computer in the program's of Photoshop Illustrator bring that drawing to life.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00048-00018531-00018837": "A student who would like to involve himself or", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00049-00018837-00019441": "herself in this type of program is one who likes to tinker with computers, likes to find", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00050-00019441-00019848": "out how they work, how to fix them, uhm,", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00051-00019848-00020559": "how to correctly install them, uhm, operating systems wise etc. so if", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00052-00020559-00020840": "they can become better with computers and also", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00053-00020840-00020940": "earn money.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00054-00020940-00021174": "When they leave from us they do receive a certificate, uh,", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00055-00021174-00021526": "from us basically saying that they either completed three years or four years", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00056-00021526-00021626": "in the program.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00057-00021626-00022079": "What that entitles them is uh entry into the military or one of the armed forces", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00058-00022079-00022398": "with more stripes which meets equates for more money for them", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00059-00022398-00023082": "or they usually have preference into a JROTC college unit within the local area, temple", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00060-00023082-00023250": "and we'll have Saint Joe's.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00061-00023250-00023563": "You're never too young to learn about your health.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00062-00023563-00023779": "So if you're serious you might not know what type", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00063-00023779-00023955": "of health field you would like.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00064-00023955-00024320": "If you come into my program you have hands on with all different", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00065-00024320-00024687": "expertise so that you could have exposure to all the different levels of the health", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00066-00024687-00024952": "field, not just one specific.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00067-00024952-00025377": "They're many opportunities in the field of cosmetology.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00068-00025377-00025661": "Once you complete your education here at Edison High", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00069-00025661-00026001": "School you would get your high school diploma", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00070-00026001-00026462": "along with taking the test for the State Board of Cosmetology so when you leave", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00071-00026462-00026874": "edison you can be a licensed cosmetologist.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00072-00026874-00027308": "The transition from our program to, to this food service", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00073-00027308-00027525": "industry should be a smooth one.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00074-00027525-00028044": "Given the fact that I like to have my students run every one..", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00075-00028044-00028563": "every each station possible from baking, to the front of the house, to", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00076-00028563-00029052": "dish washing stations, to soup stations, sauce stations, uh to deli.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00077-00029052-00029505": "And that some students will have a very good all-around education and they will", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00078-00029505-00029826": "be equipped with all the skills necessary to work pretty much", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00079-00029826-00030111": "every station on any food service venue.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00080-00030111-00030650": "Uh, this program is a care and guidance of young", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00081-00030650-00031055": "children and we prepare students to work as aids", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00082-00031055-00031364": "in childcare centers, but they don't have to stop at an", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00083-00031364-00031606": "entry level position they can move up the career ladder", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00084-00031606-00032227": "if they want to become a director, uh, family and Consumer Science homed teacher.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00085-00032227-00032495": "They can work in a lab school; so there's a number", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00086-00032495-00032972": "of related positions that they can enter with a background in childcare.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00087-00032972-00033311": "When the students finish the plumbing program here, they will be", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00088-00033311-00033719": "ready as an apprentice to go to work for a plumbing contractor.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00089-00033719-00034061": "Whether it's a commercial contractor, residential contractor they'll have the", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00090-00034061-00034437": "basic knowledge to go in and become productive on much", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00091-00034437-00034724": "right away which is what the goal is.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00092-00034724-00035015": "My name is Mrs. Robinson, I'm Anthony Rowe,", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00093-00035015-00035237": "My name is Ron Price, My name is Ms. Marsen,", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00094-00035237-00035477": "My name is Mr. Zimac, My name's Mr. Dawson,", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00095-00035477-00035705": "My name is Ms. Riddick, My name is Mike Cannily,", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00096-00035705-00035928": "My name is G David Mills, My name is Sherly Morton,", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00097-00035928-00036153": "I'm Gibran Medina, Tyrone Garcia,", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00098-00036153-00036411": "My name is Steve Chagrin, I'm Buck Brookman,", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00099-00036411-00036550": "and I am Jay Espinal.", "kRYep_qq1Pc-00100-00036550-00036628": "Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "kSfaOQbuBV8", "text": {"kSfaOQbuBV8-00000-00000000-00000200": "20 MINUTES BREAK TIME THINK AND LISTEN IF YOU GO FAR ANYTIME DURING THE DAY."}}]