[{"audio_id": "s2hUelXuoj0", "text": {"s2hUelXuoj0-00000-00000000-00000072": "[Music]", "s2hUelXuoj0-00001-00000072-00000186": "Dragonball", "s2hUelXuoj0-00002-00000516-00000689": "shooting ki blasts in your direction,", "s2hUelXuoj0-00003-00000693-00000969": "she touched my dragon balls, got anerection", "s2hUelXuoj0-00004-00000969-00001019": "Yeah", "s2hUelXuoj0-00005-00001023-00001313": "summon Shenron, it is a blessing yeah,", "s2hUelXuoj0-00006-00001329-00001379": "Ooh", "s2hUelXuoj0-00007-00001379-00001593": "my dende is hard! ;p", "s2hUelXuoj0-00008-00001593-00001889": "solar flare on the darkest day", "s2hUelXuoj0-00009-00001889-00002139": "Kameha meha meha WAVE", "s2hUelXuoj0-00010-00002143-00002369": "finna go Super Saiyan slowly,", "s2hUelXuoj0-00011-00002388-00002629": "slow leeeeee", "s2hUelXuoj0-00012-00002642-00002852": "hands in the air, that is a Spirit Bomb!", "s2hUelXuoj0-00013-00002852-00003119": "Got a girl with some lips bigger than Pikkons!", "s2hUelXuoj0-00014-00003119-00003369": "hold on, looka here! Potara earrings on my ear,", "s2hUelXuoj0-00015-00003369-00003619": "We lit, yeah this fusion make my ass strong!", "s2hUelXuoj0-00016-00003626-00003719": "Ooooh", "s2hUelXuoj0-00017-00003722-00003832": "(Random Jibberish)", "s2hUelXuoj0-00018-00003836-00004002": "Saibaman", "s2hUelXuoj0-00019-00004005-00004102": "(Subliminal Messages?)", "s2hUelXuoj0-00020-00004105-00004282": "Super Saiyan", "s2hUelXuoj0-00021-00004289-00004682": "(Language of the Gods) Vegito", "s2hUelXuoj0-00022-00004685-00004792": "dragon balls", "s2hUelXuoj0-00023-00004792-00004952": "(Like and Subscribe)", "s2hUelXuoj0-00024-00004962-00005095": "Gohan", "s2hUelXuoj0-00025-00005099-00005242": "(Have you subscribed yet!?)", "s2hUelXuoj0-00026-00005249-00005355": "Future Trunks", "s2hUelXuoj0-00027-00005359-00005455": "(Join the Time Patrol?)", "s2hUelXuoj0-00028-00005462-00005712": "Vegito", "s2hUelXuoj0-00029-00005712-00005978": "Ve.. Heh.. Gito!"}}, {"audio_id": "s2rtIhtZS_M", "text": {"s2rtIhtZS_M-00000-00000018-00000714": "can you believe it. Nick to Giovanni finally made a bad video. that I disliked, and this is", "s2rtIhtZS_M-00001-00000714-00001398": "the first time for a longer video. it has happened before on shorter videos where I disliked some", "s2rtIhtZS_M-00002-00001398-00002142": "of its videos, but this is the very first time besides older videos that it's finally happened.", "s2rtIhtZS_M-00003-00002232-00002724": "thank you, Giovanni. please add subtitles to the video or else I'll keep it on dislike."}}, {"audio_id": "s3dfDVGOjNI", "text": {"s3dfDVGOjNI-00000-00000054-00000606": "Hi, this is Chadi. Today we're going to be looking at modern MMA training, and compare it", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00001-00000606-00001296": "with that of the old Jujitsu training. So we're talking about the Meiji era and the Taisho era,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00002-00001296-00002064": "so late 1800s and early 1900s. We're going to be looking at old books obviously,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00003-00002064-00002610": "and just talk in general about the MMA because everyone knows what MMA is about,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00004-00002610-00003240": "but it's very good to compare it with something that also tried to have a very wholesome approach,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00005-00003240-00003882": "when it comes to the military self-defense, and even competing. So today a lot of people", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00006-00003882-00004452": "consider MMA to be the standard, or the gold standard to which to compare everything else,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00007-00004452-00004914": "and today I'm going to be comparing it with something that used to be wholesome like old", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00008-00004914-00005586": "Japanese Jujitsu. So when it comes to Japanese Jiu Jitsu it's important to know that in the past,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00009-00005676-00006336": "schools had separate curriculums, so each school had what is called the self-defense", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00010-00006336-00007236": "or Kata training, which was live drilling against particular scenarios and self-defense, so weapons,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00011-00007236-00008022": "strikes Etc, and striking was more catered towards the grappling, so it was a gateway to your", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00012-00008022-00008682": "grappling, so their training was mostly grappling, having the strikes to connect everything together.", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00013-00008682-00009396": "It's not like you have to be an elite Striker, and an elite Grappler like in MMA. So self-defense was", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00014-00009396-00009960": "very important, you hear about all these records that were written back in the day", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00015-00009960-00010680": "regarding which school is better for training the police, whether it is the Tokyo Police, or the", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00016-00010764-00011418": "Kyoto police Etc, so a lot of the times these schools would train a lot of self-defense,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00017-00011418-00012198": "as well as just regular sparring, and also Dojo storming, meaning any school can come knocking at", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00018-00012198-00012786": "your door at any second, trying to challenge you and possibly take away your students, and also", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00019-00012858-00013338": "somewhat dishonor your family name because Jujutsu schools were built on family names,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00020-00013338-00013836": "so sparring and also doing live drilling against all these weapons,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00021-00013836-00014291": "and Strikes and scenarios was very crucial. Now when it comes to MMA,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00022-00014376-00014880": "we know that it serves a very particular purpose, which is winning in the Octagon,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00023-00014880-00015624": "so what you have is only one fighter that you have to beat, you have to be very skilled in grappling,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00024-00015624-00016338": "and striking so when it comes to striking, yes there is a demand to be an elite Striker,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00025-00016338-00017004": "a lot of these fights are ending fights in KOs, and very few or a lot of the strikers actually", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00026-00017004-00017712": "do not want to go to the ground, and they want to have a striking oriented fight, While others", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00027-00017712-00018312": "want to have a more grappling oriented fight, so you really cannot know, so being somewhat Elite", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00028-00018312-00019104": "in both is very crucial obviously, the gi is not there, so grappling without the gi is your go-to,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00029-00019164-00019650": "stand up wrestling when it comes to takedown, or even Judo and on the ground", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00030-00019650-00020544": "judo's newaza and submission grappling. Here you can see Paddy Pimblett who utilizes a lot of Judo", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00031-00020544-00021246": "takedowns, he's training with Justin Flores, one of the best American judokas in my opinion. So", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00032-00021384-00021894": "you have to be a wholesome Grappler, and a striker when it comes to MMA. And that's", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00033-00021894-00022416": "your sole goal, because you need to win in the Octagon, not wearing the jacket is also", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00034-00022500-00023394": "highly recommended obviously. So now another part of the curriculum of the old Jiu Jitsu is randori,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00035-00023394-00023718": "you see it in the books, you have a randori section, which here you see the techniques,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00036-00023718-00024276": "it's much like judo's takedowns, there was no striking, it's mostly stand up grappling,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00037-00024276-00024786": "and ground grappling, you see the techniques that you know today. A lot of the records talk", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00038-00024786-00025434": "about X from this school used \"O soto Gari\", and then the other guy used \"harai goshi\",", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00039-00025434-00025926": "it seems like they're all just doing Judo, now we need to understand that they shared", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00040-00025926-00026483": "a lot of these techniques within each other, these schools were their secret techniques a", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00041-00026483-00027012": "little trick here and there of course, this is still the case today when it comes to gripping,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00042-00027012-00027545": "when it comes to setting up techniques Etc, you want an advantage against your competitors. So", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00043-00027606-00028182": "when there was peace in inner Japan starting from the Edo period in the 1600s, there was no", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00044-00028182-00029039": "war anymore so it was mainly for self-defense, but competing became very popular amongst schools, so", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00045-00029154-00029904": "when competing became very very popular, and safe at the same time, or safer than battlefields,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00046-00029904-00030516": "ground grappling became more popular, you are against one man and you need as much as Advantage", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00047-00030516-00031133": "as possible, so you see ground grappling, these very important positions that we all know were", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00048-00031133-00031686": "very much practiced at the same time like \"side control\", \"side headlock\", \"rear naked choke\",", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00049-00031686-00032394": "and pinning and \"the guard\" all were trained, so this idea that all of a sudden in the 20th", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00050-00032394-00032904": "century we're all training ground grappling, and this is a new Revolution, it's just simply false,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00051-00032904-00033714": "when competing became very popular so did ground grappling, because it was a new way to win on the", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00052-00033714-00034386": "ground, you don't want to be a half Grappler, so you hear or read these records from Maruyama", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00053-00034386-00034986": "Sanzo's book, there was minutes and minutes on end in these positions on the ground, and then they", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00054-00034986-00035580": "stood up, and fought for extra dozens of minutes, obviously the rules were different back then, but", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00055-00035676-00036192": "for someone to spend dozens of minutes on the ground it means they knew what they were doing,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00056-00036192-00036630": "so a lot of the fights ended either in unconsciousness, or the \"Tap out\",", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00057-00036714-00037458": "or someone verbally saying they cannot go anymore, the Ippon was not there, so you needed to be", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00058-00037458-00038106": "a good submission Grappler, and also know your positions on the ground. So there was self-defense", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00059-00038106-00038850": "curriculum, and Randori curriculum which catered to both, to the stand up and the ground, it's very", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00060-00038850-00039588": "important to know these two things. Here you see Gunji koizumi, a jujutsuka drilling guard passes,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00061-00039588-00040236": "and also guard retention in the previous footage, so you can see the level of sophistication when it", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00062-00040236-00040776": "came to ground grappling even from the late 1800s, when people started writing records", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00063-00040776-00041532": "up until I would say World War II. With Tsunetane Oda and his books, and his writing so the fighting", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00064-00041532-00042240": "was absolutely brutal, and it was until sheer exhaustion, and tapping out was not an option", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00065-00042240-00043068": "for a lot of these Grapplers as you see here in front of you. So KOs were very common, now", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00066-00043158-00043770": "another thing that I would really, it's important to point out is that from these old depictions", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00067-00043848-00044442": "here you see they took off their garments, and they were training and basically their underwear,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00068-00044442-00045180": "so it wasn't just only with the Gi or only with the jacket and the pants, but also without it,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00069-00045180-00045996": "so to say again \"no gi\" came from wrestling or catch, and the Gi came from Judo only, again", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00070-00046062-00046560": "this is just simply not the case, the evidence points otherwise. They needed to train in", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00071-00046560-00047172": "everything, because again training for the streets, and self-defense was crucial for them,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00072-00047172-00047826": "and not just to win in competition, or train the police, so they had a far more wholesome", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00073-00047826-00048678": "approach than people would think. And finally conditioning, being explosive, being flexible,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00074-00048678-00049344": "being in shape is very important, so in MMA they're not bodybuilders obviously, but they", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00075-00049344-00049944": "do lift weights they do conditioning exercises, they do rowing, they do cardio and of course they", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00076-00049944-00050790": "lift weights for stronger muscles, and of course muscular endurance, to last as as long as possible", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00077-00050790-00051546": "in the octagon. Gassing out is a big phenomenon that everyone wants to avoid. Now when it comes to", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00078-00051546-00052212": "the late Meiji, and early Taisho era there were a lot of popular exercises from the West starting to", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00079-00052278-00052841": "come in like radio Taiso, here you see the dumbbell exercises very similar to Eugen", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00080-00052841-00053604": "Sandow's method of using dumbbells, also a lot of body weight exercises, handstand walks, handstand", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00081-00053604-00054384": "push-ups, stuff that made them much stronger, and much more mobile, so here you see you know", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00082-00054438-00055188": "working on your vertical is also very important. The access to weights rooms was not a thing at", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00083-00055188-00055770": "the time, or very few had access to a weight room, so a lot of it was just working with each other,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00084-00055770-00056388": "lifting each other up, squatting each other's weights, putting each other on their backs, and", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00085-00056388-00057341": "doing push-ups doing standing on the necks Etc. So there's just a multitude of ways of training", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00086-00057341-00057876": "their bodies, and conditioning themselves, so as you see here from this old school footage,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00087-00058044-00058578": "going to the weights room as a relatively new phenomenon, there was ways to condition", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00088-00058578-00059196": "yourself and make yourself stronger which will ultimately translate to a better Grappler when", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00089-00059196-00059729": "it comes to competition obviously. So if you have anything else to add please,", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00090-00059729-00060282": "let me know down below, consider supporting me on Patreon for exclusive content, and keeping", "s3dfDVGOjNI-00091-00060282-00060846": "this content here on this channel going. This was Chadi, and thank you for listening."}}, {"audio_id": "s33Xz5ogFNc", "text": {"s33Xz5ogFNc-00000-00000433-00000533": "I want you to replace all of the computers, that’s six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven", "s33Xz5ogFNc-00001-00000533-00000633": "of these computers, plus one more at the bottom is twelve.", "s33Xz5ogFNc-00002-00000633-00001109": "You have to replace all of these computers with something that’s newer, or else I’ll", "s33Xz5ogFNc-00003-00001109-00001280": "be sad.", "s33Xz5ogFNc-00004-00001280-00001577": "Now, I don’t care if it costs money."}}, {"audio_id": "s3rbfSNsgZU", "text": {"s3rbfSNsgZU-00000-00000000-00000376": "RPC-319 grandma's christmas cookies!", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00001-00000376-00000927": "Object class: Omega-purple", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00002-00001106-00001256": "Registered", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00003-00001257-00001569": "Phenomena Code: 319", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00004-00001569-00001814": "Object Class: Omega-Purple", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00005-00001814-00002561": "Hazard Types: aggression hazard, animated hazard, grouped hazard, regenerative hazard,", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00006-00002561-00003423": "replicating hazard, sapient hazard, teleportation hazard, memory alteration hazard", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00007-00003423-00003936": "Containment Protocols: Due to the size of the area under its effects, and the extent", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00008-00003936-00004577": "of its anomalous capabilities, RPC-319 is considered uncontainable [See Previous Containment", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00009-00004577-00004900": "Protocols 319-25].", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00010-00004900-00005687": "UNAAC, the FOA, MI13, and all other allied organizations are to be briefed on the possible", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00011-00005687-00005995": "dangers associated with RPC-319.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00012-00005995-00006646": "Currently, all Authority efforts are to focus on tracking the entity's manifestations, subverting", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00013-00006646-00007114": "any evidence of the entity's existence and the containment or termination of its anomalous", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00014-00007114-00007214": "creations.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00015-00007214-00008032": "MST Alpha-03 \"Scavengers\" and X-Ray-06 \"Annulifiers\" are to remain on-call 24/7 through the month", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00016-00008032-00008586": "of December to respond to manifestations and to administer Class A-3 amnestics to any civilian", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00017-00008586-00009014": "exposed to RPC-319 or its effects.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00018-00009014-00009659": "As well as falsifying all deaths attributed to RPC-319 as natural or non-anomalous in", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00019-00009659-00009775": "nature.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00020-00009775-00010372": "Hotel-01 \"Highlanders\" have been tasked with combating and containing RPC-319's various", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00021-00010372-00010563": "anomalous creations.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00022-00010563-00011411": "These entities, designated as RPC-319-1 through -3, are to be contained at Site-074 within", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00023-00011411-00011674": "sector C's Gamma level containment wing.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00024-00011674-00012093": "Their containment protocols are as follows:", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00025-00012093-00012717": "RPC-319-1 instances are to be held within an airtight humanoid containment cell equipped", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00026-00012717-00013013": "with an industrial-grade dehumidifier.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00027-00013013-00013444": "These instances are not to be held with more than five per container.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00028-00013444-00014184": "Researchers are not to interact with RPC-319-1 under any circumstance outside of testing.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00029-00014184-00014937": "RPC-319-2 instances are to be held in a 10m x 12m x 6m reinforced modified humanoid containment", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00030-00014937-00015095": "cell.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00031-00015095-00015565": "The cell is to be equipped with an industrial-grade dehumidifier and standard video surveillance", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00032-00015565-00015731": "cameras.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00033-00015731-00016351": "Staff are to inspect the cell biweekly for damages caused by -2 instances.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00034-00016351-00017090": "RPC-319-3 is to be contained within a 15m x 20m x 15m reinforced Class-4 Gamma level", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00035-00017090-00017529": "containment chamber equipped with a gravimetric hygrometer.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00036-00017529-00017941": "Humidity within the cell is to be monitored hourly by site personnel, and any humidity", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00037-00017941-00018564": "reading above 0.5 grams per cubic metre is to be reported to the head of containment,", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00038-00018564-00018742": "Dr. Isaac.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00039-00018742-00019207": "In addition, the cell floor is to be fitted with a secondary chamber equipped with a primary", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00040-00019207-00019676": "feeder air source and 3 ninety-nine kW diesel burners.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00041-00019676-00020473": "If RPC-319-3 enters an agitated state, a heavy weapons ASF detachment is to immediately respond,", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00042-00020473-00021006": "and the cell's internal temperature is to be raised until the entity returns to a non-active", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00043-00021006-00021106": "state.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00044-00021106-00021548": "In the event of a containment breach, in which termination of instances via incineration", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00045-00021548-00022168": "is not viable, ASF personnel are to engage the instances with anti-materiel rounds and", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00046-00022168-00022268": "explosives.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00047-00022268-00022678": "Site staff are then to be instructed to partially eat the remains to fully ensure the destruction", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00048-00022678-00022942": "of an instance.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00049-00022942-00023224": "Previous Containment Protocols 319-25", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00050-00023224-00024201": "RPC-319 is currently considered contained through the means of Protocol 31912-25 Sus.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00051-00024201-00024771": "From December 13th through the 24th, surveillance teams from Site-074 are to pick households", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00052-00024771-00025320": "within RPC-319's area of effect that matches its preferred targets.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00053-00025320-00025768": "Teams must then monitor them for RPC-319 manifestations.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00054-00025768-00026242": "Once manifestations have begun, Site Director ██████ will choose at least three", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00055-00026242-00026720": "households and instruct teams to induce accelerated weight gain in the children of the specified", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00056-00026720-00026925": "houses.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00057-00026925-00027539": "On the night of the 24th, before RPC-319 has manifested, Authority personnel are to swap", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00058-00027539-00028056": "out the children in these homes with Sus domesticus similar in weight.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00059-00028056-00028472": "ASF containment teams and Research personnel are to remain near the household on the final", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00060-00028472-00029346": "night until RPC-319 demanifests in order to contain or terminate any RPC-319-1 or -2 instances", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00061-00029346-00029558": "left behind.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00062-00029558-00029964": "Children must then be returned to their families and administered Class A-3 amnestics.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00063-00029964-00030097": "Attention!", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00064-00030097-00030683": "Note from the Head of Anomaly Containment WESTCOM - These initial containment protocols", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00065-00030683-00031243": "operated under the belief that RPC-319 was an anomalous phenomena rather than a separate", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00066-00031243-00031563": "entity of its own volition.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00067-00031563-00032302": "Following Incident 319-25 and the creation of RPC-319-3, the Authority has revised these", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00068-00032302-00032511": "containment protocols.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00069-00032511-00032921": "Caution is advised when making assumptions on the anomalous; even in the attempt to save", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00070-00032921-00033333": "lives, we do not know the world in such simple terms.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00071-00033333-00034149": "Description: RPC-319 is currently believed to be a humanoid entity of unknown origin.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00072-00034149-00034615": "Manifestations of RPC-319 initially appear as a female in her late seventies with an", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00073-00034615-00034916": "abdominous build and grey-white hair.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00074-00034916-00035484": "However, an instance's appearance has been known to change later in its manifestations.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00075-00035484-00035891": "These changes have been noted as a shift in the eyes composition to include horizontal", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00076-00035891-00036603": "slit-shaped pupils, the addition of two to eight branched horns, and severe genu recurvatum.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00077-00036603-00037275": "The extent of RPC-319's shape-shifting abilities is currently being tested.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00078-00037275-00037778": "Manifestations of RPC-319 occur only once per year from December 13th through the 24th", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00079-00037778-00038068": "or Yuletide.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00080-00038068-00038512": "During this time, the entity enters an active state in which it is capable of manifesting", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00081-00038512-00038957": "or traveling near instantaneously throughout central and eastern Europe, which is believed", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00082-00038957-00039165": "to be its area of influence.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00083-00039165-00039844": "Specifically, RPC-319 has only been observed as far West as the Rhineland and East along", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00084-00039844-00040080": "the Volga River.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00085-00040080-00040561": "Researchers do not currently know how RPC-319 is capable of this, but it has never been", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00086-00040561-00040902": "observed outside of this area of effect.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00087-00040902-00041478": "During this active state, RPC-319 will manifest within several homes which, all display various", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00088-00041478-00041931": "Christmas decorations and are inhabited by a conjugal family.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00089-00041931-00042406": "These families must have trinitarian Christian religious beliefs.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00090-00042406-00042956": "Once manifestations have begun, RPC-319 will appear before the occupants of the home during", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00091-00042956-00043134": "any evening meal.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00092-00043134-00043644": "The home's denizens will all immediately remark that \"Grandma is home\" and show signs of familiarity", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00093-00043644-00043856": "with the entity.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00094-00043856-00044188": "RPC-319 is, however, incapable of human speech.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00095-00044188-00044698": "Instead, it appears to communicate through a mixture of animalistic growls, bellows,", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00096-00044698-00044984": "snorts, and screams.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00097-00044984-00045416": "Those communicating with the entity appear to understand these vocalizations and have", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00098-00045416-00045816": "been observed carrying on complete conversations.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00099-00045816-00046125": "Manifestations will appear within several homes throughout the European continent each", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00100-00046125-00046297": "evening.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00101-00046297-00046768": "Researchers have observed unusual weight gain by each member of the family during this time.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00102-00046768-00047371": "On the night of December 24th, RPC-319 will manifest in only a single home that it had", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00103-00047371-00047852": "previously manifested in and begin to vomit raw gingerbread dough into the family's oven", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00104-00047852-00048208": "or a similar apparatus.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00105-00048208-00048818": "Several RPC-319-1 and -2 instances will begin to grow from the oven dough in a form of budding", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00106-00048818-00048997": "reproduction.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00107-00048997-00049529": "During this event, RPC-319 takes on aspects of its less human appearance.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00108-00049529-00050162": "RPC-319 will then offer the family portions ripped from the -1 and -2 instances who then", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00109-00050162-00050397": "surround the dinner table.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00110-00050397-00050800": "The family will show signs of extreme joy at delight at \"Grandma's feast\" and eat for", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00111-00050800-00051111": "hours on end despite ill effects.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00112-00051111-00051629": "Once local time reaches midnight, RPC-319 will devour the still delighted children of", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00113-00051629-00051789": "the family and demanifest.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00114-00051789-00052773": "Presently, due to Incident 319-25, The Authority considers RPC-319 a Class IV aggressive anomalous", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00115-00052773-00052880": "threat.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00116-00052880-00053475": "The entity's capabilities so far are immeasurable, from its unknown capacity of creation to its", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00117-00053475-00053941": "physical form appearing within any space inside its area of influence.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00118-00053941-00054527": "As such, UNAAC alongside The Authority have begun to assemble a specialized multi-national", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00119-00054527-00054891": "task force to respond to this threat.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00120-00054891-00055491": "Classification and assembly of Task Force Alte Nacht is currently pending approval.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00121-00055491-00055935": "Addendum 31984-01: Anomalous Creations", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00122-00055935-00056791": "RPC-319 has a secondary anomalous trait in which it is able to create animated constructs", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00123-00056791-00057103": "comprised of various sugary confections.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00124-00057103-00057516": "These creations are formed from primarily baked goods consisting of flavored ginger,", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00125-00057516-00058098": "cinnamon, honey, and sugar or more commonly known as gingerbread.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00126-00058098-00058569": "In addition to this, these constructs also contain extremely detailed non-functioning", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00127-00058569-00058758": "anatomy.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00128-00058758-00059327": "Research personnel have performed several autopsies on inert RPC-319-1 and -2 instances", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00129-00059327-00059850": "to better understand the intricacies of their anatomical structures.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00130-00059850-00060362": "They have, to date, been able to identify licorice8 intestines, caramel-filled stomach", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00131-00060362-00061051": "cavities, peppermint sugar stick bone structure, baked marzipan hair, dark chocolate brain,", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00132-00061051-00061604": "pectin-based gummy candy eyes and other soft tissues, and chewing gum lungs.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00133-00061604-00062171": "Theories have also been suggested that irregular sugar structures observed inside each confection", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00134-00062171-00062596": "may act as some sort of non-functioning nervous system.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00135-00062596-00063107": "Researchers have also discovered that consumption of RPC-319's confections have no anomalous", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00136-00063107-00063347": "adverse effects.9", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00137-00063347-00064058": "All variations of RPC-319-1, -2, and -3 are capable of repairing themselves and other", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00138-00064058-00064620": "instances using a form of royal icing, which they produce from their mouths.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00139-00064620-00065022": "This substance is not found in large quantities inside the instances and is believed to be", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00140-00065022-00065501": "produced by unknown means as a response to trauma.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00141-00065501-00065889": "Instances have been observed 'healing' from various wounds using this substance.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00142-00065889-00066483": "Using help from primarily RPC-319-1, they appear able to rebuild each other even when", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00143-00066483-00066813": "over 60% of their mass has been broken down or destroyed.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00144-00066813-00067320": "As such, the consumption of pieces broken off from instances which have lost their anomalous", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00145-00067320-00067848": "durability appears to be the most efficient form of termination.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00146-00067848-00068254": "Instances have also shown an acute weakness to heat and a lack of humidity which makes", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00147-00068254-00068669": "the entities more docile and dries out their composition.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00148-00068669-00069331": "Once dried out, they become more brittle and are more easily susceptible to damage.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00149-00069331-00069875": "Instances appear to be unable to manifest and demanifest with RPC-319 and as such their", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00150-00069875-00070212": "behavior changes drastically when not near the entity.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00151-00070212-00070794": "While in the presence of RPC-319, instances behave notably more docile.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00152-00070794-00071326": "Awaiting commands from RPC-319 appears to be their primary function.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00153-00071326-00071973": "While not in RPC-319's presence, however, instances quickly become more animalistic", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00154-00071973-00072205": "and begin to form packs.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00155-00072205-00072630": "These packs will roam and attack any living creature they see and attempt to consume them", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00156-00072630-00072950": "with their non-functioning mouths.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00157-00072950-00073614": "RPC-319-1 solely takes the shape of a 178 cm tall adult male.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00158-00073614-00074031": "While instances are consistent between their size and shape, they vary between the types", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00159-00074031-00074352": "of gingerbread they are constructed from.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00160-00074352-00074763": "Most appear to be comprised of a condensed biscuit like bread, although some appear to", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00161-00074763-00075126": "be formed from white gingerbread.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00162-00075126-00075710": "Despite the non-anomalous nature of the ingredients used to create RPC-319-1, the gingerbread", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00163-00075710-00076068": "has shown remarkable durability against trauma.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00164-00076068-00076470": "Durability varies slightly between instances and gingerbread consistencies, but each type", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00165-00076470-00076818": "has shown a resistance up to intermediate small arms fire.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00166-00076818-00077483": "RPC-319-1 are not capable of speech but have been observed using squad tactics in combat.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00167-00077483-00077945": "This has lead researchers to believe that instances may be able to communicate by other", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00168-00077945-00078227": "anomalous means.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00169-00078227-00078847": "RPC-319-2 instances share many similarities structure-wise with their -1 counterparts.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00170-00078847-00079344": "However, they take on the appearance of a male Rangifer tarandus fennicus.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00171-00079344-00079696": "Due to their size and weight, approx.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00172-00079696-00080399": "200 kg in weight, 200 cm long, and 152 cm in height, they are much more dangerous than", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00173-00080399-00080518": "their -1 counterparts.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00174-00080518-00081042": "They are most notably distinguishable anatomically from Rangifer tarandus fennicus by their long", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00175-00081042-00081460": "sharp canine-like teeth formed from peppermint candy canes.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00176-00081460-00082388": "RPC-319-3 is a 4.5-metre tall humanoid gingerbread entity weighing approx. one metric ton.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00177-00082388-00082807": "Its anatomy differs greatly from other previous instances and does not appear to be based", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00178-00082807-00083257": "on any known existing animal or creature.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00179-00083257-00083833": "Most notably, RPC-319-3 has an anatomical bone structure similar to other digitigrades", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00180-00083833-00084233": "in its hind legs allowing it to move quickly and silently.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00181-00084233-00084664": "Its upper body is much more in line with that of its -1 counterparts.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00182-00084664-00085066": "It mainly differs in the formation of its three-digit hands, which are equipped with", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00183-00085066-00085585": "15 cm candy cane claws.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00184-00085585-00086046": "Unlike previous iterations that use only candy canes or other sugar stick confections as", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00185-00086046-00086713": "their bone replacement, RPC-319-3's bones (including its claws, teeth, and horns) are", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00186-00086713-00086941": "covered with black licorice.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00187-00086941-00087351": "Wounds caused by these black licorice appendages immediately produce acute licorice poisoning", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00188-00087351-00087604": "in its victims.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00189-00087604-00088148": "RPC-319-3's face resembles a human face with exaggerated sunken features and pronounced", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00190-00088148-00088355": "10 cm canines.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00191-00088355-00088976": "Its head is adorned with two 1 m long forward sloping hardened black licorice horns.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00192-00088976-00089749": "The gingerbread that RPC-319-3 consists of is a darker molasses-based composition.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00193-00089749-00090626": "This type of has proven to be the most resilient class of gingerbread among all the instances.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00194-00090626-00091117": "Additionally, its outer layer is covered with a mixture of spun sugar and royal icing which", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00195-00091117-00091586": "gives off a fuzzy appearance white in color and further protects the entity from outside", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00196-00091586-00091695": "trauma.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00197-00091695-00092289": "RPC-319-3 is hyper-aggressive even when compared to other instances.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00198-00092289-00092782": "It has immense strength and has been observed moving at speeds up to 90 km/h, as well as", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00199-00092782-00093229": "utilizing ambush tactics and camouflaging itself against the white snow.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00200-00093229-00093810": "RPC-319-3 has also shown to be dominant over other instances who have been observed aiding", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00201-00093810-00093953": "it in combat.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00202-00093953-00094823": "RPC-319-3 was created during Incident 319-25 in which it was responsible for an approx.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00203-00094823-00095233": "██ deaths of civilian and Authority personnel.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00204-00095233-00095562": "Incident 319-25", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00205-00095562-00096436": "On December 24th 19██, while attempting to complete Protocol 31912-25 Sus in ███ Germany,", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00206-00096436-00097038": "RPC-319 was observed acting erratically in behavior compared to prior Protocol completions.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00207-00097038-00097730": "After attempting to consume the Sus domesticus, RPC-319 stopped and began to enter an aggressive", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00208-00097730-00097875": "state.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00209-00097875-00098333": "During this state, it donned a form less human than previously observed and began screeching", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00210-00098333-00098804": "as it created several more RPC-319-1 instances.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00211-00098804-00099399": "ASF teams were ordered to immediately respond to the event as the entities became violent.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00212-00099399-00100128": "ASF and containment personnel were immediately overwhelmed upon RPC-319-3's creation.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00213-00100128-00100628": "Following its creation RPC-319 demanifested from the area.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00214-00100628-00101163": "Teams were unable to observe the creation of RPC-319-3 directly due to the chaos of", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00215-00101163-00101419": "the events.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00216-00101419-00102044": "As it demanifested a massive containment breach occurred at Site-074 as all containment cells", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00217-00102044-00102211": "opened simultaneously.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00218-00102211-00102692": "RPC-319 was observed on several surveillance cameras throughout the facility during the", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00219-00102692-00102792": "breach.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00220-00102792-00103258": "Due in part to the relatively low amount of anomalies stored at the site, and its useful", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00221-00103258-00103862": "Theta anomalies the breach was contained quickly with only ██ fatalities and the destruction", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00222-00103862-00104066": "of RPC-███.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00223-00104066-00104668": "However, all local Authority and allied assets had to be quickly dispatched in order to contain", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00224-00104668-00104835": "RPC-319-3.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00225-00104835-00105808": "FOA VOSK02, RPC-940, and MST Hotel-01 \"Highlanders\" were engaged in combat with the instances", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00226-00105808-00106429": "for several hours and sustained heavy casualties before temporarily subduing the entity.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00227-00106429-00106867": "Following the incident, Class A-1 amnestics were dispersed through the area by aerial", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00228-00106867-00106967": "means.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00229-00106967-00107349": "All deaths associated with the event were attributed to inclement weather alongside", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00230-00107349-00107583": "an electrical fire.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00231-00107583-00108085": "Site Director ██████ was reported missing from his office following the breach.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00232-00108085-00108623": "He, alongside several other containment specialists, had been responsible for the implementation", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00233-00108623-00108932": "of Protocol 31912-25 Sus.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00234-00108932-00109529": "ASF personnel stationed outside of the Director's office were all found dead and partially devoured.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00235-00109529-00109864": "Though, the Director's body was not found among them.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00236-00109864-00110327": "The only clue found about his disappearance was a single handwritten note, believed to", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00237-00110327-00110825": "be written by RPC-319, found on his desk [See Fig. 3].", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00238-00110825-00111205": "Currently, investigations into the matter are ongoing.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00239-00111205-00111601": "twas the night before christmas, when all through the site", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00240-00111601-00111949": "not a creature were stirring, as all were affright", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00241-00111949-00112187": "the guards were hung in an office with care", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00242-00112187-00112528": "in hopes that he and my sisters would soon be there", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00243-00112528-00112836": "the children were nestled, all in my insides", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00244-00112836-00113165": "their visions and nightmares danced as they collide", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00245-00113165-00113529": "and The Director and in his coat, and I in my cap", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00246-00113529-00113660": "were about to meet.", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00247-00113660-00113967": "Don't worry, I'll be done in a snap", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00248-00113967-00114194": "when out in the cells there arose such a clatter", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00249-00114194-00114582": "the staff spring to life to see what was the matter", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00250-00114582-00114950": "away to their screens they flew like a flash", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00251-00114950-00115230": "torn open the doors and to their abash", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00252-00115230-00115497": "the waning moon breast of the new-fallen snow", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00253-00115497-00115846": "showed the objects all free from their cells below", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00254-00115846-00116072": "when what to their wandering eyes did appear", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00255-00116072-00116367": "with I among them with each of my deer", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00256-00116367-00116629": "everything free and embarrassed avenged", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00257-00116629-00116910": "they new not to fret and the amend", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00258-00116910-00117238": "they heard me exclaim ere I jumped out of sight", "s3rbfSNsgZU-00259-00117238-00119634": "Happy feast for all, and I eat for delight!"}}, {"audio_id": "s3GTkzXd_74", "text": {"s3GTkzXd_74-00000-00000000-00009700": "My idea is the following. Everyone knows how it is difficult to choose a gift for a birthday, wedding, anniversaries and other various celebrations. A long and unsuccessful shopping trips. Begins to swell, the head of it all. So, I therefore had the idea of creating a catalog of gifts. Walk to all the shops, gather information about their merchandise, for a fee, add them to your directory (for taking photographs of goods additional fee). Also collect information about Internet stores, agree with them by placing their product in Your catalog, and they get You for this when you order receive goods at a discount. You can also contact craftsmen, who themselves are unable to realize their product. And all the gifts in one place!   You can then do network distribution of gifts in the catalog."}}, {"audio_id": "s3bENOY1sOU", "text": {"s3bENOY1sOU-00000-00000497-00000755": "(calm music)", "s3bENOY1sOU-00001-00001857-00002218": "Welcome to Short Arts. This is my take", "s3bENOY1sOU-00002-00002218-00002712": "on Sarah Lucas' \"Two Fried Eggs and a Kebab\" from 1992.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00003-00002712-00002975": "The work features two eggs and a kebab,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00004-00002975-00003195": "arranged in a stereotypical reference", "s3bENOY1sOU-00005-00003195-00003362": "to breasts and genitalia.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00006-00003461-00003776": "There is a photo of the artwork placed on top of the table.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00007-00003863-00004131": "Every day two new eggs and a kebab are placed", "s3bENOY1sOU-00008-00004131-00004392": "on the same spot to keep the food fresh.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00009-00004492-00004875": "This simple act appears at first to be a practical concern.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00010-00004875-00005118": "However, for me it is the key to understanding", "s3bENOY1sOU-00011-00005118-00005475": "the whole work. So, what is this work about?", "s3bENOY1sOU-00012-00005475-00005806": "Well it is a joke, and it's a pretty good one.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00013-00005806-00006078": "Lucas excels at these type of one line jokes,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00014-00006078-00006433": "playing with visual puns as gender cues.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00015-00006433-00006688": "Very simply, gender is a joke right?", "s3bENOY1sOU-00016-00006781-00007116": "But like so many forms of humor, the joke softens us up", "s3bENOY1sOU-00017-00007116-00007404": "to receive a deeper meaning and critique.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00018-00007404-00007694": "So let's focus on the replacing of the food every day.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00019-00007825-00008178": "What we see is a slow build-up of grease on the table", "s3bENOY1sOU-00020-00008178-00008584": "as new eggs and kebabs leach oil and fat into the wood.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00021-00008681-00008891": "This means that by the end of the exhibition", "s3bENOY1sOU-00022-00008891-00009297": "the food can be removed, but the stain on the table remains.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00023-00009387-00009578": "I'm going to read this through Judith Butler", "s3bENOY1sOU-00024-00009578-00009796": "and her notion of performativity.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00025-00009796-00009992": "Butler was formulating these ideas around", "s3bENOY1sOU-00026-00009992-00010212": "the same time this artwork was made,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00027-00010212-00010560": "and in the 1990s, performativity became a key theory", "s3bENOY1sOU-00028-00010560-00010835": "to explain the social construction of gender,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00029-00010835-00011086": "sexuality and ultimately identity.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00030-00011232-00011500": "Butler states: \"all signification takes place", "s3bENOY1sOU-00031-00011500-00011783": "within the orbit of the compulsion to repeat.\"", "s3bENOY1sOU-00032-00011940-00012109": "We can understand this quote in relation", "s3bENOY1sOU-00033-00012109-00012317": "to Lucas' in a few ways.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00034-00012406-00012816": "Firstly, the repetition alone generates the significance.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00035-00012816-00013066": "Butler argues that the first time we do something,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00036-00013066-00013432": "there is no significance, no inherent meaning in it.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00037-00013569-00013781": "But through repeating it, it gains", "s3bENOY1sOU-00038-00013781-00014044": "significance to us and to those around us.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00039-00014044-00014283": "So, the first time we choose to put on pants", "s3bENOY1sOU-00040-00014283-00014561": "rather than a skirt, it means nothing.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00041-00014561-00014854": "But after years of doing this, it becomes significant,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00042-00014854-00015058": "it is attached to notions of gender", "s3bENOY1sOU-00043-00015058-00015309": "and how we gender identify.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00044-00015309-00015541": "This is why little kids can play dress-ups", "s3bENOY1sOU-00045-00015541-00015805": "without their parents seeing it as significant,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00046-00015805-00016072": "but as soon as that kid reaches a certain age,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00047-00016072-00016310": "after a certain number of repetitions", "s3bENOY1sOU-00048-00016310-00016487": "in a particular gender identity,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00049-00016487-00016820": "dress-ups are seen as problematic, even deviant.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00050-00016921-00017144": "By the time we go to school, the uniform we wear", "s3bENOY1sOU-00051-00017144-00017489": "everyday is typically divided into a gender binary,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00052-00017489-00017625": "our gender must be set.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00053-00017755-00017940": "This is not only about what we wear,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00054-00017940-00018214": "but what pronouns we use, what jokes we tell,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00055-00018214-00018437": "what domestic chores we do and so on.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00056-00018567-00018773": "All of these accrue significance", "s3bENOY1sOU-00057-00018773-00019012": "and signification through repetition.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00058-00019162-00019413": "It is interesting to note that most of the performances", "s3bENOY1sOU-00059-00019413-00019746": "we repeat are things that we are told to do,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00060-00019746-00019947": "we don't choose them for ourselves.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00061-00020064-00020541": "Secondly, what is normal is not judged by the action itself,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00062-00020541-00020851": "but simply because it has been repeated.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00063-00020851-00021115": "This is the opposite of what most people think.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00064-00021115-00021391": "In fact, what is normal is justified precisely", "s3bENOY1sOU-00065-00021391-00021799": "as being in itself moral, healthy, or productive.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00066-00021799-00022079": "Surely normal is something God-given,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00067-00022079-00022265": "or scientifically proven.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00068-00022362-00022597": "It can be liberational to think of the normal", "s3bENOY1sOU-00069-00022597-00022787": "as something that is not fixed,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00070-00022787-00023287": "but rather just the thing most people unthinkingly repeat.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00071-00023519-00023769": "As such, the normal can be undermined", "s3bENOY1sOU-00072-00023769-00024000": "simply by refusing repetition.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00073-00024000-00024261": "However it's also really important to recognize", "s3bENOY1sOU-00074-00024261-00024590": "the risk associated with refusing repetition.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00075-00024590-00024947": "People face abuse, intimidation, alienation and threats", "s3bENOY1sOU-00076-00024947-00025313": "simply because they refuse such normative repetitions.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00077-00025415-00025655": "Finally, Lucas' artwork shows us", "s3bENOY1sOU-00078-00025655-00025920": "that the power of repetition is that it makes", "s3bENOY1sOU-00079-00025920-00026299": "external influences feel internal.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00080-00026299-00026574": "So why don't more of us reject repetitions,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00081-00026574-00026879": "especially as we rarely decide on what we repeat?", "s3bENOY1sOU-00082-00026964-00027367": "Well, part of it is that for lots of us it is easier not to.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00083-00027367-00027650": "We avoid thinking critically about what we do every day.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00084-00027650-00027879": "It's exhausting and it can be dangerous.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00085-00027968-00028325": "But actually, repetition ingrains external social,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00086-00028325-00028591": "cultural and political conventions to the point that", "s3bENOY1sOU-00087-00028591-00028808": "they start to feel like they come from", "s3bENOY1sOU-00088-00028808-00029217": "the inside out, rather than the outside in.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00089-00029338-00029727": "What we do over and over often feels like it is us,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00090-00029727-00030169": "our identity, rather than a construction of our identity.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00091-00030283-00030649": "And this is why I think Lucas' work is so brilliant.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00092-00030649-00031005": "Lucas show us that you can remove the external influences,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00093-00031005-00031428": "you can remove the eggs and kebabs, but the stain remains.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00094-00031539-00031819": "The stain of seemingly innocuous jokes,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00095-00031819-00032067": "the stain of Eurocentric history classes,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00096-00032067-00032358": "or the stain of binge watching TV series,", "s3bENOY1sOU-00097-00032358-00032585": "all etch their way into us.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00098-00032683-00033033": "If we attempt to remove these external repetitions", "s3bENOY1sOU-00099-00033033-00033458": "it can feel like we are sawing off a piece of ourselves.", "s3bENOY1sOU-00100-00033458-00033725": "(intense music)"}}, {"audio_id": "s49ZToMdfgo", "text": {"s49ZToMdfgo-00000-00000084-00000580": "Thank you for joining in, enjoy!", "s49ZToMdfgo-00001-00000678-00001122": "Hoping you are having a beautiful day/evening."}}, {"audio_id": "s4tk3cETb0u", "text": {"s4tk3cETb0u-00000-00001304-00001620": "Episode III", "s4tk3cETb0u-00001-00002142-00002320": "There's one little thing I haven't told you", "s4tk3cETb0u-00002-00002320-00002644": "The bar, where I work, it’s next to a theater,", "s4tk3cETb0u-00003-00002644-00002886": "and a lot of actors come to us. Many celebrities.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00004-00002886-00003204": "And that has made me become a specialist.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00005-00003204-00003629": "I’m an actor’s waitress.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00006-00003629-00003972": "Clara Cortes. An actor’s waitress.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00007-00003972-00004172": "And well, uhm… I mean,", "s4tk3cETb0u-00008-00004172-00004482": "I’ve provide then with very costumized attention,", "s4tk3cETb0u-00009-00004482-00004644": "and I treat them like everybody else.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00010-00004644-00005064": "It’s not like I go around sucking up to the actors", "s4tk3cETb0u-00011-00005064-00005348": "or the celebrities, no… regular people.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00012-00005656-00005872": "I have served some of the greatest in this country.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00013-00005872-00006212": "I know what very important people of this scene drink.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00014-00006384-00006654": "-And could you give us any names Clara?", "s4tk3cETb0u-00015-00006728-00006854": "-Names?", "s4tk3cETb0u-00016-00006854-00007054": "No, I couldn’t give any names.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00017-00007054-00007295": "Professional secret.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00018-00007473-00007700": "-And maybe any tales?", "s4tk3cETb0u-00019-00007700-00007900": "-Of course I could tell many tales.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00020-00007900-00008262": "The higher you ride the wave, the more alcohol you drink.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00021-00008262-00008462": "-Oh really? And what kind of alcohols?", "s4tk3cETb0u-00022-00008578-00008784": "-Gins, beers…", "s4tk3cETb0u-00023-00008784-00008984": "-And drugs?", "s4tk3cETb0u-00024-00008984-00009184": "-No, never.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00025-00009184-00009320": "-Never, ever?", "s4tk3cETb0u-00026-00009320-00009520": "-Professional secret.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00027-00009668-00009762": "-And tell us,", "s4tk3cETb0u-00028-00009762-00010050": "how are unemployed actors that come through here?", "s4tk3cETb0u-00029-00010050-00010250": "-Unemployed actors…", "s4tk3cETb0u-00030-00010250-00010668": "Well, they drink lattes with soy milk and things with ginger.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00031-00010668-00010720": "-Uhm.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00032-00010720-00010894": "-And they have very little patience.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00033-00010894-00011126": "They must use it all up on their careers.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00034-00011126-00011326": "-And don’t really understand it,", "s4tk3cETb0u-00035-00011326-00011614": "because the majority of them will end up here.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00036-00011614-00011814": "Behind the bar.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00037-00011814-00012058": "A little bit of empathy, good damn it!", "s4tk3cETb0u-00038-00012432-00012774": "That’s the reason why I came directly here.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00039-00012774-00012974": "To the trenches.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00040-00013254-00013456": "No kiss and tell.", "s4tk3cETb0u-00041-00013752-00013996": "It’s just that it’s closed."}}, {"audio_id": "s4wXRdSm8Rg", "text": {"s4wXRdSm8Rg-00000-00000144-00000244": "Okay.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00001-00000244-00000583": "So today I am going to talk about dysphoria.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00002-00000583-00001267": "So, you’re probably wondering what is this picture of the swan hand?", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00003-00001267-00001905": "Well, actually, it is not my picture but it is related to a story similar…", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00004-00001905-00002478": "I was with a friend one time and we made our hands into these shapes, like birds, like", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00005-00002478-00003170": "you’re holding it like it is a bird’s face, and we would, you know, nuzzle it against", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00006-00003170-00003921": "each other and then, you know, pretending that we are doing these bird gestures.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00007-00003921-00004519": "And that made us feel like, the most comfortable that we had felt, really, that we had felt", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00008-00004519-00004732": "during that time that we were together.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00009-00004732-00005551": "We had been trying to do these human gestures and not really been working and when we simply", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00010-00005551-00006104": "expressed ourselves in this way, although it looks very silly, we felt a lot more comfortable", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00011-00006104-00006229": "with ourselves.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00012-00006229-00006827": "And this is related to dysphoria.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00013-00006827-00007558": "Dysphoria is described in the dictionary as a state of feeling unwell or unhappy, a feeling", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00014-00007558-00008004": "of emotional and mental discomfort and suffering.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00015-00008004-00008709": "But often when we talk about dysphoria connected to identity, we mean this emotional and mental", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00016-00008709-00009406": "discomfort is connected with the feeling of, of being in the wrong physical body, being…", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00017-00009406-00010002": "being afraid or ashamed of your body, or even hating your body, and wanting desperately", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00018-00010002-00010642": "to be in a body that is more like you feel like, as a way to express yourself and express", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00019-00010642-00011250": "with other people is an important part of social life.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00020-00011250-00011706": "So that comes to the point where you might even feel more comfortable doing something", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00021-00011706-00012271": "very silly like using your hand to express your feelings, or a costume.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00022-00012271-00012956": "Now, if you’ve ever seen a furry documentary about the furry community, you know that the", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00023-00012956-00013204": "documentaries, well, they tend to be quite extreme.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00024-00013204-00013607": "So often, they will talk about furries who are…", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00025-00013607-00014065": "people think as the extreme end of the scale in behaviour.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00026-00014065-00014718": "They will talk about furries who like to dress in a fursuit, or a big plush costume.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00027-00014718-00015219": "And most of the time, they look about as silly as it does, you know, if you’re making a", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00028-00015219-00015518": "gesture with your hand.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00029-00015518-00015820": "But you will notice one thing that you will hear in those interviews.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00030-00015820-00016404": "They usually will say something like ‘I feel more like myself when I am wearing the", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00031-00016404-00017201": "fursuit’, or ‘it helps me to really express my ‘me’, my identity’.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00032-00017201-00017909": "And that’s what people with this kind of body dysphoria feels like, we feel like anything", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00033-00017909-00018469": "is better than using our human physical bodies for people to see us.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00034-00018469-00019068": "Even if it’s a costume, or a hand movement, we feel like that is expressing more of the", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00035-00019068-00019360": "real, the real who we are.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00036-00019360-00019939": "We feel this desperate need to become physically ourselves that we see in our mind, and when", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00037-00019939-00020487": "we can’t do that, because obviously that is not possible for us, we use any way to", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00038-00020487-00021154": "try to show that to people, so we would wear masks, or paint our face, or wear a collar,", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00039-00021154-00021558": "or howling and making animal sounds, or something like that.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00040-00021558-00022223": "Now it’s important to note, not all therians who wear a fursuit, or furries who wear a", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00041-00022223-00022724": "fursuit, or all therians in general are feeling dysphoria.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00042-00022724-00023167": "In fact, it’s not a very common topic to talk in the therian community, and that is", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00043-00023167-00023450": "part of why I make this video.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00044-00023450-00023990": "But for the ones who do, it is really the only way that we can feel comfortable with", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00045-00023990-00024517": "our bodies for a little time, and even then, it’s not really very good, because it doesn’t", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00046-00024517-00024879": "look real, it looks silly, and we know it’s not real.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00047-00024879-00025470": "But we have so much stress with our bodies, and so much feeling of wrong, sometimes, it’s", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00048-00025470-00026373": "down to that, or something much worse, coping mechanism like self-injury or self-harm because", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00049-00026373-00026902": "this looks silly, but don’t make a mistake, dysphoria is very serious.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00050-00026902-00027572": "I have personally experienced a eating disorder from dysphoria, I have experienced self-harm", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00051-00027572-00028226": "from dysphoria, and many people, you will see, they consider suicide for dysphoria and", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00052-00028226-00028648": "often you’re talking on the therian communities’ forums, and you will see people are talking", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00053-00028648-00029079": "about ‘I want to kill myself because of this dysphoria feeling’.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00054-00029079-00029608": "And you can’t take that as lightly, so it’s not a silly thing, the feeling of wanting", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00055-00029608-00029869": "to be right with your body.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00056-00029869-00030358": "Because in society, we go around all day and the world looks at us and they tell who we", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00057-00030358-00030564": "are by our bodies.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00058-00030564-00030994": "They think that when you look at your body, you know everything about you, and it’s", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00059-00030994-00031383": "wrong, because it’s not like that, people can be very different from their body.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00060-00031383-00031647": "But the body has so much power.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00061-00031647-00031933": "People want to make the body look like the self, and they want to be in the body that", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00062-00031933-00032404": "looks and feels like the self, and if they can’t do that it’s a big psychological", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00063-00032404-00032613": "stress.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00064-00032613-00033034": "We can’t, as therians, we can’t ever change our bodies to look like how we want.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00065-00033034-00033458": "There is no surgery or help, and that can be a big social stress for us, it’s more", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00066-00033458-00033678": "than you can think.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00067-00033678-00033802": "So that’s it for this time.", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00068-00033802-00034127": "I have some ideas for a second video, because I don’t think I talked about everything", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00069-00034127-00034512": "I wanted to talk about about dysphoria, but I’m going to just end this one here for", "s4wXRdSm8Rg-00070-00034512-00034726": "now and try to make it a bit shorter."}}, {"audio_id": "s4_HU6iv0Dy", "text": {"s4_HU6iv0Dy-00000-00000006-00000768": "yeah hi thanks great presentation by the way I'm Seymour so I think obviously I", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00001-00000768-00001461": "wanted to just get more information around your I mean SVK Crypto and your", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00002-00001461-00002034": "strategy for investments is it particular to any use cases and I mean", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00003-00002034-00002709": "what I mean position because taken a company one in a team when you guys get", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00004-00002709-00003386": "involved is it is it EOS? is it SVK  Crypto just maybe can you expand on that", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00005-00003386-00003894": "sure and the clarification is that it's it's the fund which is investing that", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00006-00003894-00004443": "fund is called Cryptogon EOS and that structure is a typical typical", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00007-00004443-00004950": "fund which would be deploying capital into a project we like very early stage", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00008-00004950-00005405": "projects that can be a blend of equity and tokens we don't want to have a fund", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00009-00005405-00005819": "which is just going to be a token fund because the volatility when you deploy", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00010-00005819-00006455": "50 million dollars in a token only fund even for me who really likes risk I do", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00011-00006455-00006884": "want to sleep at night certain certainly some nights with regards to the type of", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00012-00006884-00007365": "projects that we're looking for we're very open as long as the mandate is to", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00013-00007365-00007840": "invest into projects which will use the EOS protocol of course we're looking for", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00014-00007840-00008336": "cases that have a have a problem that they're solving we're looking for an", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00015-00008336-00008727": "all-star team that we know that we can execute and we're looking for projects", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00016-00008727-00009290": "that are right with their timing we look at so many deals over the last two years", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00017-00009290-00009678": "since the inception of since the inception of SVK and there are so many", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00018-00009678-00010172": "deals that came to us whereby they want to have a token for people over 65 that", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00019-00010172-00010550": "can go to the dentist and use this token and the dentist and you're looking at", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00020-00010550-00010943": "people going like less than half a percent of people who use the Internet", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00021-00010943-00011289": "have a digital wallet and you're talking about 65 year old going to the dentist", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00022-00011289-00011615": "and using a dentist coin you should go and do something else but", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00023-00011615-00012032": "you're a nice person and I really appreciate your time so like I think I", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00024-00012032-00012504": "think what we're looking to do is to put a big net open and bring everybody in", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00025-00012504-00012947": "but realistically we're not we're not a charity we're looking to generate", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00026-00012947-00013509": "returns for our investors so we have to always be looking at you", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00027-00013509-00014045": "know how is this project actually going to get it adopted so if you are you do", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00028-00014045-00014534": "have a project or you have any friends at a project if you get in our telegram", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00029-00014534-00015294": "chat which is SVK CROWD are you email myself or you go onto our website we", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00030-00015294-00015641": "have a form which is the initial form that you can fill out which allows us to", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00031-00015641-00016050": "some information to start that process so if there's anything we can do to help", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00032-00016050-00016331": "let us know thank you", "s4_HU6iv0Dy-00033-00016877-00017083": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "s4RbBEz3bq8", "text": {"s4RbBEz3bq8-00000-00000000-00000544": "charleston is a drinking town with a historic problem and especially when it comes to the", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00001-00000544-00001208": "blue laws which prohibit you from being able to purchase liquor past 7 pm any day of the week", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00002-00001272-00001864": "you cannot purchase liquor at all on sundays and that includes like saturday night once it turns", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00003-00001864-00002552": "midnight and become sunday you cannot get liquor or beer until 6 a.m then the rest of the day you", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00004-00002552-00003264": "can get beer but no liquor unless you buy it at a bar or restaurant so a lot of travelers", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00005-00003264-00003864": "come here they don't realize that and it can definitely mess up your night if you don't have", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00006-00003864-00004536": "anything to drink on because you didn't purchase it before 7. also the liquor stores are separate", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00007-00004536-00005056": "than the grocery store you can't just get them all in one place that would just be too convenient", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00008-00005056-00005632": "and easy so you live in a bigger city where you can party all night long and maybe you don't go", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00009-00005632-00006376": "out until 1am don't do that here because you will miss all the fun and also if you are planning on", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00010-00006376-00006864": "hitting up upper king street which is kind of the main bar district in charleston downtown", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00011-00006864-00007520": "try to get to wherever you're going before midnight because once midnight comes around", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00012-00007520-00008064": "there will be lines everywhere and you'll just waste a lot of time in line so get to where", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00013-00008064-00008776": "you're going by midnight post up get your drink on and remember the bar is closed by two there is", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00014-00008776-00009488": "no open containers on the streets so if you are walking around king street or really anywhere", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00015-00009488-00010040": "with a open drink in your hand you could very well get a ticket i doubt you would get arrested", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00016-00010040-00010488": "but you would probably very likely get a ticket and if you are obnoxious and drunk enough maybe", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00017-00010488-00011056": "you would get arrested but i know it probably feels a little like new orleans or savannah", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00018-00011056-00011928": "um but it's not so don't walk around with an open container and that also goes for the beaches um", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00019-00012168-00012872": "you cannot have an open container on the any of the beaches and if you are drinking you're", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00020-00012872-00013312": "definitely going to want to either put your alcohol in a cup or at least have a koozie", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00021-00013376-00013991": "and you do run the risk of getting a ticket even on the beach so don't do that no open containers", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00022-00013991-00014663": "in charleston now we do have one cool rule that as far as drinking and partying goes and that", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00023-00014663-00015184": "is that in south carolina you can split shots multiple ways so if you're balling on a budget", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00024-00015184-00015832": "you can go to the bartender and ask for three shots five ways save a little bit of money and", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00025-00015832-00016280": "that is probably one of the only cool things that we have going on down here", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00026-00016280-00016712": "we already got rid of the mini bottles so um hopefully one of these days will progress and", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00027-00016784-00017568": "party better but for now that's all we got multiple shots multiple ways if you are partying", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00028-00017568-00018224": "in downtown charleston or any of the nearby areas just uber it's a lot easier it's really not that", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00029-00018224-00018720": "expensive especially you're with a group you guys can all split the cost and parking is a", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00030-00018720-00019392": "[ __ ] and parking tickets are even more of a [ __ ] and then there's just all types of obstacles", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00031-00019392-00020008": "that come with parking so i recommend getting an uber leave the car at home a lot of places", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00032-00020008-00020528": "you can walk to and if you're a good drunk biker you can also bike that's another option", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00033-00020592-00021248": "but just obviously don't drink and drive alright party people i hope that you are just that much", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00034-00021248-00021840": "more prepared for partying in charleston i am baker manning thank you for tuning in", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00035-00021840-00022488": "check out my website bakermanning.com for a lot more travel guides and resources for charleston", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00036-00022544-00023024": "partying adventure and all the good stuff and if you like this video give me a little like", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00037-00023080-00023568": "be sure to subscribe if you want to be and hit the bell if you want to be notified when i post", "s4RbBEz3bq8-00038-00023568-00024336": "more videos which i will be doing and um if you come to chuck town definitely have a great time"}}, {"audio_id": "s4c2SIqUuzc", "text": {"s4c2SIqUuzc-00000-00000098-00000236": "Jiwon!", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00001-00000340-00000516": "Please Subscribe!", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00002-00000516-00000656": "and Thumbs up as well!", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00003-00000676-00000961": "Jiwon! Please Subscribe! and Thumbs up!", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00004-00000961-00001082": "Bye~!", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00005-00001344-00001534": "I just woke up", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00006-00001534-00001796": "and I thought it would be late for streaming if I did the makeup in advance", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00007-00001798-00002085": "so today I'll do the makeup on the air", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00008-00002126-00002274": "Wearing lenses", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00009-00002274-00002402": "Foundation", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00010-00002404-00002800": "It's Jung Saem Mool Essential Star-Cealer Foundation Light", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00011-00002802-00003244": "Now just put on makeup fast", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00012-00003400-00003815": "And this is Mamonde Powder Pact Blooming #21", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00013-00003818-00004306": "Since I don't have much time today, let me do this quickly!", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00014-00004306-00004408": "Done", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00015-00004596-00004798": "Curled my eyelashes~", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00016-00004798-00004904": "Done", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00017-00004905-00005308": "This is Jung Saem Mool Artist Eyeshadow Palette", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00018-00005316-00005410": "That's me!", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00019-00005414-00005916": "Use a pink color, since I am wearing pink", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00020-00005922-00006022": "Done", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00021-00006022-00006768": "Color my brows with shadow", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00022-00006778-00007006": "To color them similar to my hair color~", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00023-00007006-00007256": "Shadow", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00024-00007260-00007652": "Draw my eyelines with darker color", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00025-00007652-00007880": "I'll be done soon~", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00026-00007891-00008245": "My brows...", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00027-00008249-00008319": "Done", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00028-00008320-00008692": "Just use any products for the eyelines!", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00029-00008692-00008976": "Focusing so much on them", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00030-00008976-00009086": "Done as well", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00031-00009090-00009316": "This is Jung Saem Mool High Tinted Lip Lacquer", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00032-00009320-00009744": "It's an orange color and I'll mix with the red one.", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00033-00009748-00009968": "#Carmen Red", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00034-00009968-00010218": "#Extreme Red", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00035-00010224-00010476": "I used two colors for my lips!", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00036-00010476-00011190": "Now contouring close to my hair line to make my face look smaller!", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00037-00011556-00011756": "To make my chin look sharp and small", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00038-00011858-00011952": "Done", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00039-00011952-00012186": "For my cheeks, I'll use the product that SSIN gave me as a gift", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00040-00012186-00012550": "Too Cool for School X SSIN Glam Rock Veiled SSIN Shadow Palette Blusher/ Secretive", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00041-00012700-00012810": "Tell me my face looks brighter", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00042-00012810-00013168": "Now my makeup is over, so let's do my hair!", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00043-00013172-00013563": "Don't be surprised. I'll finish my hair as fast as I can!", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00044-00013563-00013686": "Done", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00045-00013710-00013910": "I am so ready for my streaming!", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00046-00013910-00014072": "It's done!", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00047-00014494-00015072": "I uploaded a similar video, using my hair iron, few days ago so I edited this part!", "s4c2SIqUuzc-00048-00015074-00015858": "But for those of you who want to see doing my hair, here is a short clip!"}}, {"audio_id": "s5plo3HQ1WM", "text": {"s5plo3HQ1WM-00000-00000285-00000775": "In 2017 the University of Minnesota launched AIS Detectors, a new program that set its", "s5plo3HQ1WM-00001-00000775-00001575": "target on the aquatic invasive species problem in Minnesota.", "s5plo3HQ1WM-00002-00001575-00002172": "We trained and certified 121 new volunteers across the state eager to lend a hand in the", "s5plo3HQ1WM-00003-00002176-00002608": "fight against aquatic invasive species.", "s5plo3HQ1WM-00004-00002608-00003268": "These volunteers have been hard at work across the state.", "s5plo3HQ1WM-00005-00004290-00004590": "Will you join us?", "s5plo3HQ1WM-00006-00004758-00005602": "Training for the next cohort of AIS Detectors will begin in Spring 2018.", "s5plo3HQ1WM-00007-00006168-00006909": "Our hands-on workshop is fun and interactive!", "s5plo3HQ1WM-00008-00008511-00008797": "Be sure to visit our website to learn more and to register."}}, {"audio_id": "s5NBUprhOj0", "text": {"s5NBUprhOj0-00000-00000000-00042670": "🌟 🇺🇸 Military Uniform of the Soviet Army — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "s5QACFfxbJg", "text": {"s5QACFfxbJg-00000-00001672-00002372": "that is excellent", "s5QACFfxbJg-00001-00008398-00009098": "that was mental Roy Hanks and Kevin Perry have retired Roy get down here and see what it's like from here I think I will actually yeah", "s5QACFfxbJg-00002-00011678-00012050": "wow I think people think we're mad", "s5QACFfxbJg-00003-00012050-00012750": "we're just having a good time and we await the arrival here of Dave Molyneux", "s5QACFfxbJg-00004-00014574-00015274": "sorry it's my first time it's my first time as well", "s5QACFfxbJg-00005-00019342-00020042": "the lightning leathers I think you'd call them and there's Mark Miller away", "s5QACFfxbJg-00006-00020528-00021228": "and John McGuinness will be the next one to go on the number 3 machine they must have wobbly legs", "s5QACFfxbJg-00007-00032838-00033207": "no way look out for no5 Guy John McGuinness sorry, here's Guy", "s5QACFfxbJg-00008-00033207-00033907": "whoa my heart's going ten to the dozen", "s5QACFfxbJg-00009-00034135-00034835": "Here's Bruce watch yourself, here he comes keep in", "s5QACFfxbJg-00010-00038825-00039525": "here they come Jane", "s5QACFfxbJg-00011-00042462-00043133": "that is so mad I completely lost control of the camera then I've got no idea what I was filming", "s5QACFfxbJg-00012-00043133-00043158": "whoa haha", "s5QACFfxbJg-00013-00043141-00043166": "John yay", "s5QACFfxbJg-00014-00043150-00043175": "ha ha", "s5QACFfxbJg-00015-00049159-00049859": "well done Jane", "s5QACFfxbJg-00016-00053252-00053952": "oh my god I was so terrified I really thought I was going to fall in the car park If we wern't going home  tomorrow I'd do that again that's brilliant so glad you enjoyed it you have absolutely made it for me thank you", "s5QACFfxbJg-00017-00057439-00057872": "did you like that Jane? yeah but my legs are really shaking badly though do you need to sit down, yeah i do", "s5QACFfxbJg-00018-00057872-00057897": "thanks mate", "s5QACFfxbJg-00019-00057879-00057924": "ha ha"}}, {"audio_id": "s5QJe-cMAYE", "text": {"s5QJe-cMAYE-00000-00000000-00000408": "We had some of the most astonishing miracles I've ever", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00001-00000408-00001000": "seen - blind eyes open, paralyzed limbs unloosed, and we went", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00002-00001000-00001456": "there every month. You are mentioning Pasadena.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00003-00001456-00001904": "That's where Kathryn Kuhlman first went before she went to her...", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00004-00001904-00002344": "Yes, she went to Pasadena. Also, one of the greatest healing", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00005-00002344-00002680": "evangelist of the twentieth century, who did a stint by the", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00006-00002680-00003215": "way as the assistant Pastor to Amy Mcpherson was Charles S.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00007-00003215-00003847": "Price. His headquarters were in Pasadena. He probably", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00008-00003847-00004320": "influenced me more in healing his writings than anyone. In", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00009-00004320-00004764": "fact, if you look at the back of the book \"I Believe in Miracles\"", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00010-00004764-00005244": "written by Kathryn Kuhlman, it is almost word-for-word", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00011-00005244-00005716": "taken from Doctor Price's description of Faith.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00012-00005716-00006252": "So, miracles began to happen in Pasadena when we went there.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00013-00006252-00006804": "We had a 3000 seat hall. I'll never forget one year", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00014-00006804-00007380": "a man named Daniel Ramirez. He was the Santa Claus in Gardena", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00015-00007380-00008006": "Mall in Gardena, California, not far from the LA airport.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00016-00008006-00008270": "His wife brought him to the meeting and didn't tell him it", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00017-00008270-00008710": "was a Christian meeting . He had been born blind - think of", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00018-00008710-00009166": "that - even in the Bible, it said no one had ever heard of", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00019-00009166-00009478": "someone born blind getting their sight. Well, he's sitting", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00020-00009478-00009934": "there and he's getting antagonistic because he finally", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00021-00009934-00010166": "realized from what he's hearing that he's in a Christian", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00022-00010166-00010758": "service. Then sovereignly his side is restored.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00023-00010758-00011318": "He looks down and he can see. He sees his wife for the first time. He", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00024-00011318-00011782": "he is out of his mind. He begins to disrupt the meeting", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00025-00011782-00012190": "and and people don't understand until finally he comes out on", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00026-00012190-00012686": "the stage. He hands me his braille ID, his cane and he", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00027-00012686-00013054": "looks me in the eye. I asked him - I noticed you're you're", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00028-00013054-00013462": "wearing a blue shirt, I said to him - I had a blue shirt", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00029-00013462-00013938": "on - I said, \"What color is my shirt?\" He laughed", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00030-00013938-00014234": "and said, \"I've never seen color before. I don't know what color", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00031-00014234-00014674": "that is.\" So, the children that December, because he was", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00032-00014674-00015154": "healed in October, they got to see a Santa Claus again with", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00033-00015154-00015778": "his sight. It shook Los Angeles. It was amazing.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00034-00015778-00016346": "We had so many healings like that. I'd like to", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00035-00016346-00016842": "just talk about one other. He was a", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00036-00016842-00017314": "Deputy Sheriff of Orange County. One day he was in", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00037-00017314-00017770": "his patrol car. He had a suspect in the back  and was", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00038-00017770-00018398": "writing up an arrest report when his car was struck.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00039-00018398-00018982": "It knocked his head in all four corners of that car. The", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00040-00018982-00019510": "man in the back was thrown out the window. He recovered", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00041-00019510-00019918": "from his physical maladies, but he lost his mind. He had to", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00042-00019918-00020334": "be institutionalized. His wife never left him. She was a", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00043-00020334-00020766": "believer. She sat there and just year after year, just", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00044-00020766-00021158": "believed her husband to be healed, One day the doctor", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00045-00021158-00021518": "said, \"He's dying.\"  She said, \"Well, if he's dying, let him", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00046-00021518-00022038": "come home. Let him live in his house for his last few days.\" They", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00047-00022038-00022446": "said he could be violent. He could hurt you so.\" He", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00048-00022446-00023062": "comes home. He's sitting there and he tells his wife, \"I kept", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00049-00023062-00023422": "my service revolver. They don't know that I have it.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00050-00023422-00023678": "It's under my pillow. I'm going to sleep in a different room", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00051-00023678-00023958": "than you. If you hear a gunshot in the middle of the", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00052-00023958-00024230": "night, you'll know that I killed myself because I can't", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00053-00024230-00024574": "live this way.\" She even recounted once when asking him what", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00054-00024574-00024944": "he wanted for dinner, how he tore the door off the", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00055-00024944-00025592": "hinges because of his violent anger. So, he took to watching", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00056-00025592-00025992": "the Trinity Broadcasting Network, with Paul and Jan Crouch.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00057-00025992-00026327": "One night Paul and Jen had me on.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00058-00026327-00026920": "We shared the miracle of Daniel Ramirez. They said,", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00059-00026920-00027272": "\"When is your next meeting?\" I said, \"It's in Pasadena on a", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00060-00027272-00027736": "certain night.\" This man turns to his wife and says,", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00061-00027736-00028216": "\"I'm supposed to be in that meeting.\" He comes to the meeting.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00062-00028216-00028680": "He's sitting there over on my left side with 3000 people.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00063-00028680-00029095": "I begin to call out a miracle to my right. He jumps up his -", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00064-00029095-00029592": "his name is John., John jumps up runs across to get under what he", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00065-00029592-00029968": "thinks is the flow over here. I go up and the point", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00066-00029968-00030368": "up in the balcony, so he runs up in the balcony. He's chasing", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00067-00030368-00030680": "the anointing all over the room - he thinks.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00068-00030680-00030950": "Finally he sits down,  looks at his wife and he says,", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00069-00030950-00031245": "\"Jesus is just going to have to find me.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00070-00031245-00031798": "That's all. I'm going to sit here.\" At approximately 8:45 on a", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00071-00031798-00032277": "Saturday night, he felt the breeze go through his head.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00072-00032277-00033072": "He looks at his wife (pause). [Cindy] \"I can feel that too.\"", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00073-00033072-00033496": "He says, \"I'm normal.\"", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00074-00033772-00034514": "So he comes on the stage and he starts telling a story. He", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00075-00034514-00034858": "said, \"I'm going to go to my doctor on Monday.\"", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00076-00034858-00035146": "it was Saturday. He said, \"I'm going to go to my doctor on Monday", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00077-00035146-00035602": "and I'm going to tell him.\" He has to take so many", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00078-00035602-00035978": "antidepressants and whatever medications they prescribed, anti", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00079-00035978-00036202": "seizure medication and everything else. They told", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00080-00036202-00036794": "him, \"Come in on Monday and I'll see you.\" He said Doc, what if I", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00081-00036794-00037446": "told you, I haven't had one pill in 72 hours, not one.\"", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00082-00037446-00038062": "The doctor said, \"Let me call security because this is", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00083-00038062-00038366": "this is not good. This is really bad!\" He said, \"Well, Doc", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00084-00038366-00038862": "I haven't had a seizure, haven't had any insane thoughts. I'm", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00085-00038862-00039286": "totally normal. I was healed by the power of God. A month", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00086-00039286-00039814": "later he's at our next rally. He's got a lawn bag filled", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00087-00039814-00040126": "with capsules. He said, \"This is what I would have taken by", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00088-00040126-00040924": "now if I had not been healed.\" While he's talking", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00089-00040924-00041284": "the audience is staring at him, I'm looking at his wife because", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00090-00041284-00042198": "there's the story. She stood and believed and never", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00091-00042198-00042638": "left him. It's amazing those things change your life", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00092-00042638-00043070": "forever. No wonder we believe they're deep wells in Pasadena", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00093-00043070-00043502": "because there are. Amen. I have so felt the presence of", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00094-00043502-00043806": "God. Do you remember what was it was it New Zealand?", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00095-00043806-00044078": "I think it was in New Zealand. We were in", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00096-00044078-00044652": "a hall where one of the great... Smith Wigglesworth had", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00097-00044652-00045100": "been. Mario, \"When we walked into that hall, there", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00098-00045100-00045548": "was a residue of the anointing from when Smith Wigglesworth was", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00099-00045548-00046012": "there. We drew on that. We saw all kinds", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00100-00046012-00046540": "of things, the manifestations of God. Just as I mentioned to", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00101-00046540-00046900": "you and Che when we were in California, I think that there", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00102-00046900-00047436": "are times when God wants you to go back to the wells and", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00103-00047436-00047812": "in Pasadena there is that place, that is a well. Che", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00104-00047812-00048132": "said, \"I believe we're supposed to go there at some point.\"", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00105-00048132-00048404": "I can't wait for that to happen. I want to be there.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00106-00048404-00048716": "I know a lot of the a lot of people who are", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00107-00048716-00048956": "watching this thinking, \"Wow, if that kind of stuff is going to", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00108-00048956-00049276": "happen there, I want to be there too.\" I love what", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00109-00049276-00049636": "you said that God said, \"I'm going to make you a target", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00110-00049636-00050028": "of my glory. So, those that are watching, I know", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00111-00050028-00050372": "that as we are hearing these testimonies from", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00112-00050372-00050794": "Mario, you are sensing that, you are feeling something.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00113-00050794-00051210": "Know that God is doing something, He is up to something Cindy,", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00114-00051210-00051650": "He's really up to something. Even the old wells...", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00115-00051650-00052002": "sometimes even the old techniques... because Mario was", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00116-00052002-00052417": "doing tent meetings.  You've been talking about", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00117-00052417-00052866": "tents, There's a brother in this area. He's doing tents. Who", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00118-00052866-00053282": "would think that God would come full circle again and have us", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00119-00053282-00053741": "do tent meetings? I believe that if we do them and we", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00120-00053741-00054078": "give the testimonies of them, God's going to be motivated to", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00121-00054078-00054438": "do it again Mario. Yes! I have so felt the presence of the", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00122-00054438-00054838": "Lord. I just think this is the time for you to pray for people.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00123-00054838-00055214": "Just let the Holy Spirit speak through you. I mean I", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00124-00055214-00055517": "feel such a healing anointing right now. The the people have", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00125-00055517-00055926": "faith - just pray.  One of the things I want to do", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00126-00055926-00056205": "to set up this prayer and then do it real quickly is the", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00127-00056205-00056664": "Devil's work always backfires. God guarantees it. It always", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00128-00056664-00057152": "backfires. It backfires to the same degree that of what he", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00129-00057152-00057544": "does. If he comes at you with great force, God is going to", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00130-00057544-00058128": "raise up a standard against him and overcome him.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00131-00058128-00058591": "I believe that we're in an hour where God is healing the sick.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00132-00058591-00058976": "This technology of Zoom calls that we're using today...", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00133-00058976-00059312": "Think about this. The pandemic was supposed to", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00134-00059312-00059862": "silence the church. But it gave the  church a black belt in online", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00135-00059862-00060358": "ministry, something that I think the devil severely", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00136-00060358-00060838": "regrets at this point. Paul thought, \"I'm in prison. I can't", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00137-00060838-00061454": "do anything but write.\" Oh how the devil regrets the New", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00138-00061454-00061974": "Testament! Lord I just thank you that what people think was", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00139-00061974-00062566": "an attack that set them back is actually a slingshot to drive", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00140-00062566-00062805": "them into the future with greater force than they", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00141-00062805-00063246": "imagined. And for that Lord we pray for healing. We give", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00142-00063246-00063717": "you the glory. We don't take it for ourselves. We ask you Lord", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00143-00063717-00064346": "to bring healing power on every single person that is watching.", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00144-00064346-00064722": "That husband and wife, the husband with cancer, a woman", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00145-00064722-00065354": "with lupus another that has severe crippling arthritis so", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00146-00065354-00065882": "bad that you never are free of pain and yet Jesus is there", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00147-00065882-00066378": "beside you to make you whole. I feel so much Lord from your", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00148-00066378-00066842": "Spirit. A river is flowing of healing and God I ask for", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00149-00066842-00067266": "healing in the body number one. Number two, encouragement in the", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00150-00067266-00067786": "spirit - for God to fan into flame some of the words that", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00151-00067786-00068218": "have been tested by the devil. Fan, the flame the original", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00152-00068218-00068682": "fire and the original clarity of what you have spoken and the", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00153-00068682-00069050": "promises that are going to be fulfilled. Thank you Lord for a", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00154-00069050-00069610": "mighty work. Let us hear astonishing reports of what's", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00155-00069610-00070026": "going out to the world through this broadcast right now in", "s5QJe-cMAYE-00156-00070026-00070482": "Jesus name, I pray Amen."}}, {"audio_id": "s5Sq5l-axu8", "text": {"s5Sq5l-axu8-00000-00000148-00000396": "What do you think about Korean traditional medicine doctors?", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00001-00000396-00000468": "(No)", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00002-00000560-00000660": "(My channel might get deleted)", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00003-00001100-00001200": "1,2,3", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00004-00001200-00001384": "Nice to meet you! It's Mobeomseng (means model student in Korean)", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00005-00001452-00001548": "Today's content?", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00006-00001548-00002184": "Questions I've heard during my med school life", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00007-00002184-00002400": "Questions I've heard during my med school (and my honest answers)", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00008-00002476-00002748": "You must have done well in the national exams haha", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00009-00002748-00002928": "Yes, I did well in the exam.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00010-00002928-00003160": "In the 2014 national exam, I got 4 wrong answers.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00011-00003160-00003592": "I did well in the Korean, English, Math and Science tests.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00012-00003592-00004092": "However, there were a lot who did better than me,", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00013-00004092-00004396": "So I don't think I can brag about it.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00014-00004396-00004724": "Why did you want to be a doctor?", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00015-00005329-00005628": "In the noble work of being able to save people's lives, I can sacrifice my youth-", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00016-00005752-00005852": "This is what I really wanted to say", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00017-00005852-00006312": "I've changed my mind a little now,  but when I came in, I didn't think much.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00018-00006312-00006728": "It's because of my grades, my house is near, and  I could enter the military service much later.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00019-00006728-00006988": "There's not really a special reason.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00020-00006988-00007208": "Do you study a lot?", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00021-00007208-00007340": "Yes, a lot.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00022-00007507-00007648": "But if I think oppositely,", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00023-00007648-00007808": "it's not just me that's studying this much,", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00024-00007808-00008004": "all of us future doctors have been doing this", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00025-00008004-00008508": "and lastly, it is needed to be done so it is quite bearable.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00026-00008508-00008756": "Why haven't you done your military service yet?", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00027-00008756-00009092": "Most male med students choose to  serve in the military service not as an enlisted soldier", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00028-00009092-00009504": "but as an army surgeon/doctor.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00029-00009504-00009688": "There's also the same system of public health care.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00030-00009688-00010140": "Serving as an army surgeon actually  takes a longer time than the usual military service", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00031-00010140-00010504": "But I heard from my friends that they don't really work har-", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00032-00010611-00010816": "Do you drink a lot of alcohol?", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00033-00010816-00011072": "There are lots of talks that medical students drink a lot.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00034-00011072-00011448": "When I was a new student, I drank a lot.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00035-00011448-00011732": "But now, I don't have friends to drink with... T_T", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00036-00011732-00011876": "(no new messages)", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00037-00011876-00012116": "(please contact me friends)", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00038-00012116-00012548": "Which branch will you go to?", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00039-00012548-00012936": "A very serious topic for me...", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00040-00012936-00013344": "Because I haven't even gone to practice yet, I don't know a lot of things.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00041-00013344-00013660": "I haven't thought about it much yet.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00042-00013660-00014068": "But if I were to wish, I'd want a department  where I  would get to meet a lot of people", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00043-00014068-00014404": "Q: I feel something painful here, what kind of sickness is this?", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00044-00014404-00014552": "Please go to the nearest hospital.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00045-00014552-00014844": "Can you give me a free diagnosis?", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00046-00014844-00015004": "Please wait for 20 years~", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00047-00015004-00015140": "What's this medicine?", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00048-00015140-00015312": "I don't know too~", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00049-00015312-00015632": "What do you think about oriental medicine?", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00050-00015795-00015895": "My channel might get deleted", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00051-00016174-00016363": "What do you feel when you watch dramas?", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00052-00016746-00017170": "Yoon Areum is the best.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00053-00017170-00017360": "I want to marry her <3", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00054-00017360-00017664": "Have you tried CC?", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00055-00017664-00017924": "Silence is gold.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00056-00018099-00018380": "You don't have fun that much , don;t you?", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00057-00019696-00019873": "You want to go one time?", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00058-00019873-00020328": "Yep, maybe I really don't have fun that much...", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00059-00020328-00020492": "(sorry)", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00060-00020492-00020728": "Those are just my personal answers", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00061-00020728-00021072": "Please note that it may vary from person to person.", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00062-00021072-00021236": "Don't forget to like and subscribe!", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00063-00021236-00021476": "That's it for today!", "s5Sq5l-axu8-00064-00021476-00021812": "I was so embarassed that I had to end it quickly..."}}, {"audio_id": "s64sZ4F3fsQ", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "s66afPfxEkQ", "text": {"s66afPfxEkQ-00000-00000154-00000754": "The discovery of new species of animal continues with the recent finding of a new species of", "s66afPfxEkQ-00001-00000754-00001226": "primate in China. I always enjoy these stories, as for those", "s66afPfxEkQ-00002-00001226-00002027": "of us that believe in and research the existence of cryptids it can give us renewed hope.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00003-00002027-00002577": "So in this video let’s take a look at this monkey and other ape like cryptids that could", "s66afPfxEkQ-00004-00002577-00002986": "be discovered next.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00005-00002986-00003594": "Welcome to if…………………….", "s66afPfxEkQ-00006-00003594-00004871": "This  species of gibbon was rediscovered after it", "s66afPfxEkQ-00007-00004871-00005538": "was thought to have been long extinct, remains were found in a 2300 year old tomb showing", "s66afPfxEkQ-00008-00005538-00006184": "that these creatures lived until recent history and could well be living today.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00009-00006184-00006706": "This new species was given the name ‘Junzi Imeprialis’ by the British scientist whom", "s66afPfxEkQ-00010-00006706-00007308": "discovered it, finding a partially buried skull in the tomb. This tomb was located in", "s66afPfxEkQ-00011-00007308-00007789": "the Chinese province of Shaanxi. The Chinese considered the Gibbon a noble", "s66afPfxEkQ-00012-00007789-00008420": "creature and they were often kept as pets by the ruling elite of the country.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00013-00008420-00008847": "This explains why the skull was found in a tomb, the remains were thought to have been", "s66afPfxEkQ-00014-00008847-00009545": "buried with Lady Xia the grandmother Qin ShiHuang the emperor whose warriors built the great", "s66afPfxEkQ-00015-00009545-00009710": "channel wall.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00016-00009710-00010254": "This discovery could give hope to those in the cryptid community whom are always praying", "s66afPfxEkQ-00017-00010254-00010843": "for a new discovery to prove the existence of creatures thought to be mythical.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00018-00010843-00011347": "So what ape like cryptids could be likely to be found next?", "s66afPfxEkQ-00019-00011347-00012242": "We all know about the big three Yeti, Bigfoot, and Yowie, but what others are out there?", "s66afPfxEkQ-00020-00012242-00012878": "First up is the Agogwe. The Agogwe is described as a small bipedal", "s66afPfxEkQ-00021-00012878-00013469": "human-like creature. Reports of the cryptid coming from the forests of East Africa.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00022-00013469-00014144": "The small ape like creature is said to stand at around 5 ½ feet tall with long arms and", "s66afPfxEkQ-00023-00014144-00014671": "long rust-colored woolly hair. Oddly it is reported as having yellowish-red", "s66afPfxEkQ-00024-00014671-00015330": "skin under this thick wooly-coat. Other variants of color have been reported", "s66afPfxEkQ-00025-00015330-00015951": "with some sightings saying they have seen the animals have black or grey hair.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00026-00015951-00016666": "This ape differs from identified species because of its distinct rounded forehead, small canines", "s66afPfxEkQ-00027-00016666-00017140": "and its odd hair coloration and strange skin tone.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00028-00017140-00017673": "The next hominid is more ‘human like’in its appearance and behavior.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00029-00017673-00018168": "The Almas. Said to be Found Mongolia this \"wild man\",", "s66afPfxEkQ-00030-00018168-00018951": "is purported to inhabit the Caucasus and Pamir Mountains of Central Asia, and the Altai Mountains", "s66afPfxEkQ-00031-00018951-00019449": "of western Mongolia. The Almas shares many characteristics with", "s66afPfxEkQ-00032-00019449-00020268": "its Bigfoot cousin but is thought to be slightly smaller and more human like in intelligence.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00033-00020268-00020812": "Some speculate that it could be a surviving member of an ancient group human, similar", "s66afPfxEkQ-00034-00020812-00021382": "to Neanderthals. There have been many sightings and a few expeditions", "s66afPfxEkQ-00035-00021382-00021970": "to find the beast, but all have met with failure thus far.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00036-00021970-00022648": "A lesser known cryptid ape comes from the Philippines the Amomongo.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00037-00022648-00023218": "Philippine folklore, tells tale of a creature described as hairy, man-sized and ape-like", "s66afPfxEkQ-00038-00023218-00023879": "with long sharp nails. The people of La Castellana in Negros Occidental", "s66afPfxEkQ-00039-00023879-00024580": "refer to the creature as a \"wild monkey\" that lives in caves near the foot of Mt. Kanlaon.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00040-00024580-00025243": "Interactions with Amomongo do not go well, the creature is said to be vicious and will", "s66afPfxEkQ-00041-00025243-00025920": "attack livestock and people that wonder too close to its subterranean home.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00042-00025920-00026570": "Another interesting humanoid from the region comes from the borders of Laos, Vietnam, and", "s66afPfxEkQ-00043-00026570-00026874": "Borneo. The Batutut.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00044-00026874-00027458": "People in the region talk of \"forest people\", and many groups that have explored these regions", "s66afPfxEkQ-00045-00027458-00027927": "have had sightings. French colonist refered to a animal they had", "s66afPfxEkQ-00046-00027927-00028404": "encountered as a wild man. There were reports of this creature being", "s66afPfxEkQ-00047-00028404-00029169": "captured in 1974 but still no hard evidence has come to light.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00048-00029169-00029688": "Footprints are often found and reports still come in with villagers in the area saying", "s66afPfxEkQ-00049-00029688-00030379": "these hominids are fact, they are extremely reclusive so gathering hard evidence is very", "s66afPfxEkQ-00050-00030379-00030877": "difficult. This being said many footprints and other", "s66afPfxEkQ-00051-00030877-00031508": "anecdotal evidence does exist and this makes me believe this is a good contender to be", "s66afPfxEkQ-00052-00031508-00031988": "discovered soon. However the last species of ape we will look", "s66afPfxEkQ-00053-00031988-00032718": "at was said to have been discovered but was then discredited as a hoax.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00054-00032718-00033560": "Many actually still believe the initial discovery was correct and this is a distinct ape species.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00055-00033560-00034131": "The De Loy’s ape. This Ape was classified by science and given", "s66afPfxEkQ-00056-00034131-00034719": "the name Ateles loysi. A Swiss explorer discovered the large primate", "s66afPfxEkQ-00057-00034719-00035262": "in South America. He supplied only one photograph as evidence", "s66afPfxEkQ-00058-00035262-00035758": "for the ape and this led many to believe it to be hoax.", "s66afPfxEkQ-00059-00035758-00036527": "Today many believe it to be the misidentification of a spider monkey with some photographic", "s66afPfxEkQ-00060-00036527-00037400": "manipulation to make the animal appear larger. Do you think any of these cryptids will discovered?", "s66afPfxEkQ-00061-00037400-00038062": "Which would you most like to see found? What other ape like or humanoid cryptids are", "s66afPfxEkQ-00062-00038062-00040453": "you interested in? Let me know in the comments below."}}, {"audio_id": "s6DG88woHIc", "text": {"s6DG88woHIc-00000-00000446-00001613": "In DDS-CAD 15 we introduced the intelligent mirroring of objects, where you could mirror nearly all symbols and objects, while ensuring that their standard-compliant representation was maintained.", "s6DG88woHIc-00001-00001613-00002166": "In DDS-CAD 16 we have made this incredibly useful functionality even better!", "s6DG88woHIc-00002-00002166-00002599": "For example the technical mirroring now includes junction boxes.", "s6DG88woHIc-00003-00002600-00003153": "And in addition to electrical components you can now also mirror cable management systems.", "s6DG88woHIc-00004-00003153-00003513": "This includes ladders,", "s6DG88woHIc-00005-00003513-00003873": "conduits,", "s6DG88woHIc-00006-00003873-00004233": "and cable trunkings.", "s6DG88woHIc-00007-00004233-00004593": "In other words, from now on nothing will be left behind.", "s6DG88woHIc-00008-00004593-00005506": "The optimized mirror function in DDS-CAD 16 will enable you to complete projects with lots of repetitive layouts even faster than before.", "s6DG88woHIc-00009-00005506-00006136": "If you want to see more videos like this subscribe to our channel, and hit the bell to be notified of new videos!"}}, {"audio_id": "s7dgBH_2tDc", "text": {"s7dgBH_2tDc-00000-00000045-00000531": "In this video, we will look at the results section, including what sort of statistics", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00001-00000531-00000892": "are found in journal papers and how they are presented.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00002-00000892-00001363": "This is part 5 of the Navigating Statistics in Research series.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00003-00001363-00001768": "The results section presents most of what is found by the study.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00004-00001768-00002116": "It is written in a minimal and direct format.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00005-00002116-00002561": "A reader that wants to understand the details of the findings, particularly if they want", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00006-00002561-00003071": "to independently assess their validity, should read the results.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00007-00003071-00003629": "When statistical results are presented, they can be found within either the main text,", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00008-00003629-00003925": "within tables or in a graphical form.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00009-00003925-00004423": "It is considered good form to present any single piece of information once only in a", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00010-00004423-00004523": "report.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00011-00004523-00005039": "The first part of the results section presents information about the data collections, using", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00012-00005039-00005530": "a catch-all designation called descriptive statistics.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00013-00005530-00005914": "Descriptive statistics are a statistical summary of the data.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00014-00005914-00006526": "They may include information about both population and samples statistics, and information about", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00015-00006526-00006809": "each variable considered in the study.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00016-00006809-00007370": "The specific details that may be presented include: central tendency statistics, such", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00017-00007370-00007959": "as mean, median, or mode; some measures of spread; and perhaps some measures indicating", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00018-00007959-00008429": "the shape and features of the distribution model for the variable.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00019-00008429-00008953": "For categorical variables, proportions or percentages may also be presented.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00020-00008953-00009407": "When studies use sampling, the sizes of the samples are particularly important.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00021-00009407-00009961": "They are critical for calculating the error of the models, and sometimes can determine", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00022-00009961-00010218": "which analysis method should be used.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00023-00010218-00010847": "Estimates of spread are particularly important statistical concepts, as they reveal the changeable", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00024-00010847-00011168": "nature of any measured variable.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00025-00011168-00011757": "Statistical indicators that measure spread include range, standard deviation, standard", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00026-00011757-00011947": "error, variance, percentiles and quartiles.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00027-00011947-00012564": "Of these measures, the most commonly reported is standard deviation.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00028-00012564-00013208": "Finally, statistics that describe divergence from the expected distribution may be reported,", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00029-00013208-00013603": "including measures such as skewness and kurtosis.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00030-00013603-00014026": "Skewness measures how biased the sample is to one side or the other.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00031-00014026-00014463": "Kurtosis measures how flat or peaked the sample is.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00032-00014463-00015029": "In exploratory analysis we are looking for relationships between variables that may indicate", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00033-00015029-00015191": "cause and effect.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00034-00015191-00015619": "Correlation factors can be used to show these relationships.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00035-00015619-00016207": "Correlation matrices are triangular tables which explore many such relationships in a", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00036-00016207-00016413": "compact form.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00037-00016413-00016882": "Tables and graphs are the most typical methods used for conveying statistical information.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00038-00016882-00017348": "Their purpose is to present large amounts of information in a compact form.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00039-00017348-00017716": "The following points are usually found in most journals:", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00040-00017716-00017816": "1.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00041-00017816-00018260": "Tables and graphs are introduced within the text prior to their position in the article.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00042-00018260-00018360": "2.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00043-00018360-00018885": "Graphs and tables have captions that begin with the figure number and then describe the", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00044-00018885-00019121": "information contained in it.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00045-00019121-00019221": "3.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00046-00019221-00019528": "The captions for tables are located above the table.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00047-00019528-00019628": "4.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00048-00019628-00020014": "The captions for graphs are located below the graphs.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00049-00020014-00020556": "The two most common graphs found in research are bar graphs and scatter plots.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00050-00020556-00021051": "Research reports rarely use pie-graphs, as other graphs can convey the same information", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00051-00021051-00021243": "with greater efficiency.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00052-00021243-00021630": "The interpretation of the findings are presented in the discussion.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00053-00021630-00022206": "The authors are focused on exploring the consequences of the findings, or examining how they fit", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00054-00022206-00022750": "the context developed in the introduction, literature and theory sections.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00055-00022750-00023297": "Since the goal of the research was to answer the research question, a major issue to consider", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00056-00023297-00023612": "is whether the results actually have answered it.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00057-00023612-00024205": "In an exploratory report, the focus is typically about finding a range of possible variables", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00058-00024205-00024443": "and influences on the main topic.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00059-00024443-00024939": "Guidance is often given during the discussion on where follow-up research could explore", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00060-00024939-00025648": "new ground or which variables could form the focus of new research possibilities and questions.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00061-00025648-00026126": "The researcher may consider that this is the most interesting section of the article, and", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00062-00026126-00026444": "often readers skip ahead to this section.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00063-00026444-00027006": "However, a critical reader will be cognizant of the limits inherent in the evidence and", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00064-00027006-00027195": "analysis presented.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00065-00027195-00027770": "So a good habit is to check the claims made in the discussion against the presented evidence,", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00066-00027770-00028170": "to verify the accuracy of the claims and interpretation.", "s7dgBH_2tDc-00067-00028170-00028716": "This is the end of the fifth video in the navigating statistics in research series."}}, {"audio_id": "s77YQDQAC2U", "text": {"s77YQDQAC2U-00000-00000000-00000200": "Choudhary Films Fatehpur Shekhawati"}}, {"audio_id": "s7vkmrJ3h5k", "text": {"s7vkmrJ3h5k-00000-00000087-00000413": "(NARRATOR) For some time now, with  the evolution of information systems,", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00001-00000413-00000687": "there has been talk of implementing an electronic voting system.", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00002-00000687-00001017": "that doesn't quite come together. In this video we will", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00003-00001017-00001374": "try to explain why this is the case.  Among the 75 countries", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00004-00001374-00001671": "purely democratic according  to The Economist magazine,", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00005-00001671-00001959": "only 7 have an electronic  voting system in place.", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00006-00001959-00002349": "In fact, in countries that in Europe we  consider as examples in technology, such as", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00007-00002349-00002736": "Germany, the United Kingdom and Ireland, electronic voting is legally prohibited.", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00008-00002736-00003099": "In the first case, due to a lack of technical knowledge on the part of its voters.", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00009-00003099-00003459": "while the other two were due to  security problems with the system.", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00010-00003459-00003720": "Among the countries that have  implemented electronic voting,", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00011-00003720-00004242": "in the United Arab Emirates,there  was a 119% increase in the participation", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00012-00004242-00004548": "as well as women's participation, which  increased by 6% with respect to", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00013-00004548-00004896": "the previous elections. In the case of Estonia, it is possible to", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00014-00004896-00005274": "vote up to 4 days prior to the election date, by using the certificates that", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00015-00005274-00005715": "implements The ID card. In addition, it is possible to vote several times,", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00016-00005715-00006147": "being the latter is the only one that is counted  and the latter can be done in person.", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00017-00006147-00006408": "In most of the countries that  implement this method,", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00018-00006408-00006739": "the vote is verified by means of a ballot that is returned to you by the machine.", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00019-00006739-00007100": "According to the Spanish Sports Council, the electronic voting system", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00020-00007100-00007216": "has the following advantages:", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00021-00007216-00007513": "eliminates the cost associated with printing traditional ballots,", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00022-00007513-00007903": "simplifies process management, improves the reliability of the results obtained,", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00023-00007903-00008026": "adds safety improvements,", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00024-00008026-00008464": "decreases the counting time through  data storage and dissemination", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00025-00008464-00008692": "of the results, universalizes  the vote", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00026-00008692-00009007": "and simplifies voting for people  with disabilities", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00027-00009007-00009460": "(ALUMN) In conclusion, electronic voting is very useful and would be agreat advance for society", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00028-00009460-00009598": "be able to implement it.", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00029-00009598-00009928": "We, as computer engineers, can help.", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00030-00009928-00010348": "To do this, we must deepen our  knowledge of cybersecurity.", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00031-00010348-00010657": "to find solutions to ensure security  against cyber-attacks", "s7vkmrJ3h5k-00032-00010657-00010916": "and make it as secure as   voting in person."}}, {"audio_id": "s7e-qb94OAY", "text": {"s7e-qb94OAY-00000-00000000-00020288": "E-MAIL - PROFFENYOFFICIAL@GMAIL.COM"}}, {"audio_id": "s8nkyK8R010", "text": {"s8nkyK8R010-00000-00000000-00000218": "I am very happy.", "s8nkyK8R010-00001-00000236-00000578": "Today is not unusual day,  today we received the certificates.", "s8nkyK8R010-00002-00000614-00000929": "That we can teach yoga now.", "s8nkyK8R010-00003-00000930-00001528": "You know I am so happy  that I am at school Akshi Yogashala.", "s8nkyK8R010-00004-00001552-00001784": "Because exactly this school", "s8nkyK8R010-00005-00001822-00002392": "based totally different attitude  to yoga inside me, in my heart.", "s8nkyK8R010-00006-00002448-00002723": "It's a philosophy, it's a wisdom.", "s8nkyK8R010-00007-00002723-00003040": "All teachers who taught here live yoga", "s8nkyK8R010-00008-00003040-00003345": "They have yogic life style.", "s8nkyK8R010-00009-00003361-00003926": "Absolutely everything here  is saturated with care, wisdom,", "s8nkyK8R010-00010-00003940-00004204": "warmth and concern.", "s8nkyK8R010-00011-00004220-00004412": "Here we have a nice food!", "s8nkyK8R010-00012-00004436-00004784": "And look around  what a nature and beauty!", "s8nkyK8R010-00013-00004822-00005160": "Ganga that purify you and fill you.", "s8nkyK8R010-00014-00005190-00005408": "I am so grateful to everyone,", "s8nkyK8R010-00015-00005442-00005828": "thanks to Maya, to Vivek ji, to Karamjeet ji,", "s8nkyK8R010-00016-00005850-00006128": "to Keshav ji, to Sandeep ji,", "s8nkyK8R010-00017-00006173-00006463": "to Swami Atma ji", "s8nkyK8R010-00018-00006464-00006658": "may be I missed some teachers....", "s8nkyK8R010-00019-00006680-00006963": "But that you put in soil,", "s8nkyK8R010-00020-00006963-00007250": "that seeds that you put inside us", "s8nkyK8R010-00021-00007250-00007468": "I know that it will grow.", "s8nkyK8R010-00022-00007518-00008054": "And those people who may me think now  that they want to change something in their life", "s8nkyK8R010-00023-00008064-00008278": "or to find yourself", "s8nkyK8R010-00024-00008314-00008558": "or to know about yoga from different angles.", "s8nkyK8R010-00025-00008578-00008876": "I think this is the best place for it.", "s8nkyK8R010-00026-00008963-00009279": "Namaste, thank you to everyone."}}, {"audio_id": "s8ve_0LG4AQ", "text": {"s8ve_0LG4AQ-00000-00000458-00004848": "[CARILLON PLAYING \"FAR ABOVE CAYUGA'S WATERS\"]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00001-00004848-00006311": "[CARILLON ENDS]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00002-00006311-00007042": "[APPLAUSE]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00003-00007042-00008942": "RICHARD FEYNMAN: In the beginning of the history of experimental observation or any other kind", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00004-00008942-00009542": "of observation on scientific things, it's intuition, which is really based on just experience", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00005-00009542-00010052": "with everyday objects, that suggests reasonable explanations for things.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00006-00010052-00010710": "But as we try to widen and make more consistent our description of what we see, as it gets", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00007-00010710-00011206": "wider and wider and we see a greater range of phenomena, the explanations become what", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00008-00011206-00011532": "we call \"laws\" instead of simple explanations.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00009-00011532-00012065": "But the one odd characteristic is that they often seem to become more and more unreasonable", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00010-00012065-00012403": "and more and more intuitively far from obvious.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00011-00012403-00012820": "To take an example is the relativity theory.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00012-00012820-00013422": "In which, for instance, the proposition is that if you think that two things occur at", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00013-00013422-00013729": "the same time, that's just a subjective opinion.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00014-00013729-00014060": "Someone else could conclude that those two events-- those two events, one was before", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00015-00014060-00014881": "the other, and that simultaneity is merely a subjective impression.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00016-00014881-00015259": "Now there's no reason why they should be otherwise, really.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00017-00015259-00015803": "The things of the direct, everyday experience involve large numbers of particles or involve", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00018-00015803-00016454": "things moving very slowly or involve other conditions that are very special and represent,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00019-00016454-00016829": "in fact, a very limited experience with nature.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00020-00016829-00017356": "It's a small section, only, that one gets of natural phenomena from a direct experience.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00021-00017356-00017870": "It's only through the refined measurements and careful experimentation that we can get", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00022-00017870-00018034": "a wider vision.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00023-00018034-00018396": "And then we see unexpected things.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00024-00018396-00018986": "We see things that are far from what we would guess.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00025-00018986-00019359": "We see things that are very far from what we could have imagined.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00026-00019359-00020026": "And so our imagination is stretched to the utmost-- not, as in fiction, to imagine things", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00027-00020026-00020273": "which aren't really there.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00028-00020273-00020751": "But our imagination is stretched to the utmost just to comprehend those things which are", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00029-00020751-00020851": "there.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00030-00020851-00021528": "And it's this kind of a situation that I want to talk about, tonight.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00031-00021528-00021922": "Start, for instance, with the history of light.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00032-00021922-00022634": "At first, light was seen to behave-- it would appear to behave very much like a rain of", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00033-00022634-00022889": "particles-- of corpuscles.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00034-00022889-00023045": "Like rain.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00035-00023045-00023145": "Bullets from a gun.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00036-00023145-00023245": "Same idea.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00037-00023245-00023831": "Then, with further research, it was clear that that was not right, but that light actually", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00038-00023831-00024384": "behaved like waves-- like water waves, for instance.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00039-00024384-00024804": "And then, in the 20th century, on further research, it appeared that light actually", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00040-00024804-00025093": "behaved in many ways, again, like particles.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00041-00025093-00025431": "In the photoelectric effect, you could count these particles.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00042-00025431-00025745": "They're called \"photons,\" now, and so forth.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00043-00025745-00026350": "Again, electrons, when they were first discovered, behaved exactly like particles-- bullets--", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00044-00026350-00026558": "very simple.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00045-00026558-00027130": "Further research showed, from electron diffraction experiments and so on, that they behaved like", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00046-00027130-00027330": "waves.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00047-00027330-00027858": "And as time went on, there was a growing confusion in the question of how the things really behaved--", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00048-00027858-00028045": "waves or particles, particles or waves?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00049-00028045-00028362": "But everything looked like both.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00050-00028362-00029027": "Now this growing confusion was resolved in 1925 or '26 with the advent of the correct", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00051-00029027-00029277": "equations for quantum mechanics.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00052-00029277-00029914": "And now we know how the electrons and how light behave.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00053-00029914-00030031": "But what can I call it?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00054-00030031-00030474": "I can't say they behave like a particle wave, or they behave in typical quantum-mechanical", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00055-00030474-00030662": "manners.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00056-00030662-00030772": "There isn't any word for it.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00057-00030772-00031063": "If I say they behave like particles, I give the wrong impression-- if I say they behave", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00058-00031063-00031164": "like waves.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00059-00031164-00031419": "They behave in their own inimitable way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00060-00031419-00031519": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00061-00031519-00031975": "Which, technically, could be called a \"quantum-mechanical\" way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00062-00031975-00032558": "They behave in a way that is like nothing that you have ever seen before.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00063-00032558-00032743": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00064-00032743-00033257": "Your experience with things that you have seen before is inadequate-- is incomplete.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00065-00033257-00033880": "The behavior of things on a very tiny scale is simply different.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00066-00033880-00034086": "They do not behave just like particles.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00067-00034086-00034450": "They do not behave just like waves.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00068-00034450-00034799": "Atoms do not behave like weights hanging on a spring and oscillating.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00069-00034799-00035334": "Nor do they behave like miniature representations of the solar system, with little planets going", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00070-00035334-00035440": "around in orbit.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00071-00035440-00036038": "Nor does it appear to be somewhat like a cloud or fog of some sort surrounding the nucleus.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00072-00036038-00036365": "It behaves like nothing that you've seen before.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00073-00036365-00036613": "Well, there's one simplification.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00074-00036613-00037146": "At least electrons behave exactly the same, in this respect, as photons.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00075-00037146-00037262": "That is, they're both screwy--", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00076-00037262-00037362": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00077-00037362-00037936": "--but in exactly the same way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00078-00037936-00038496": "How they behave, therefore, 0 takes a great deal of imagination to appreciate, because", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00079-00038496-00038986": "we're going to describe something which is different than anything you know about.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00080-00038986-00039480": "This-- in that respect, at least-- makes this perhaps the most difficult lecture of the", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00081-00039480-00040288": "series, in the sense that it's abstract-- in the sense that it's not close to experience.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00082-00040288-00040414": "And I cannot avoid that.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00083-00040414-00040969": "Were I to give a series of lectures on the character of physical law and to leave out,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00084-00040969-00041463": "from this series, the description of the actual behavior of particles on a small scale, I", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00085-00041463-00041728": "would certainly not be doing the job.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00086-00041728-00042218": "Because this thing is completely characteristic of all of the particles of nature and of a", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00087-00042218-00042344": "universal character.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00088-00042344-00042928": "And it is, if you want to hear about the character of physical law, essential to talk about this", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00089-00042928-00043272": "particular aspect.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00090-00043272-00043466": "So it will be difficult.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00091-00043466-00044049": "But the difficulty, really, is psychological and exists in the perpetual torment that results", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00092-00044049-00044574": "from your saying to yourself \"But how can it be like that?\"", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00093-00044574-00045115": "Which really is a reflection of an uncontrolled, but I say utterly vain, desire to see it in", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00094-00045115-00045368": "terms of some analogy with something familiar.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00095-00045368-00045728": "I will not describe it in terms of an analogy with something familiar.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00096-00045728-00046112": "I'll simply describe it.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00097-00046112-00046536": "There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00098-00046536-00046636": "relativity.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00099-00046636-00046787": "I don't believe there ever was such a time.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00100-00046787-00047203": "There might have been a time when only one man did, because he's the only guy who caught", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00101-00047203-00047391": "on, before he wrote his paper.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00102-00047391-00047884": "But after people read the paper, a lot of people kind of understood the theory of relativity", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00103-00047884-00048072": "in some way or other.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00104-00048072-00048233": "But more than 12.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00105-00048233-00048685": "On the other hand, I think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum mechanics.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00106-00048685-00048785": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00107-00048785-00049234": "Now if you appreciate this, and don't take the lecture too seriously, that you really", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00108-00049234-00049658": "have to understand, in terms of some model, what I'm going to describe, and just relax", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00109-00049658-00049900": "and enjoy it, I'm going to tell you what nature behaves like.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00110-00049900-00050275": "And if you will simply admit that maybe she does behave like this, you will find her a", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00111-00050275-00050461": "delightful, entrancing thing.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00112-00050461-00051037": "So that's the way to look at the lecture-- is not to try to understand-- well, you have", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00113-00051037-00051263": "to understand the English, of course.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00114-00051263-00051569": "But in any sense in terms of something else.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00115-00051569-00051910": "And don't keep saying to yourself, if you can possibly avoid it, \"But how can it be", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00116-00051910-00052010": "like that?\"", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00117-00052010-00052169": "Because you'll get down the drain.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00118-00052169-00052520": "You'll get down into a blind alley in which nobody has yet escaped.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00119-00052520-00052766": "Nobody knows how it can be like that.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00120-00052766-00053559": "So then just let me describe to you the behavior of electrons or of photons in their typical", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00121-00053559-00053752": "quantum-mechanical way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00122-00053752-00054265": "Now the way I'm going to do this is by a mixture of analogy and contrast.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00123-00054265-00054529": "If I made a pure analogy, we would fail.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00124-00054529-00055036": "So it must be by analogy and contrast-- two things that you're familiar with.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00125-00055036-00055527": "And so I make it by analogy and contrast, first to the behavior of particles, for which", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00126-00055527-00056191": "I will use bullets, and second to the behavior of waves, for which I will use, say, water", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00127-00056191-00056447": "waves or sound waves.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00128-00056447-00056547": "So we begin.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00129-00056547-00057070": "First to discuss, in a particular-- what I'm going to do is I'm going to invent a particular", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00130-00057070-00057587": "experiment and first tell how it would behave-- what the situation would be in that experiment", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00131-00057587-00058145": "using particles, what you'd expect to happen if waves were involved, and then what happens", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00132-00058145-00058453": "when there are actually electrons or photons in the system.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00133-00058453-00059058": "And I will just take this one experiment, which has been designed to contain all of", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00134-00059058-00059569": "the mystery of quantum mechanics, to put you up against the paradoxes and mysteries and", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00135-00059569-00059869": "peculiarities of nature, 100%.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00136-00059869-00060495": "Any other situation in quantum mechanics, it turns out, can always be explained afterwards", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00137-00060495-00060883": "by saying \"You remember the case of the experiment with the two holes?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00138-00060883-00061126": "It's the same thing.\"", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00139-00061126-00061851": "And so I'm going to tell you about the experiment with the two holes, which does contain the", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00140-00061851-00061951": "general mystery.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00141-00061951-00062051": "I am avoiding nothing.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00142-00062051-00062767": "I am baring nature in her most elegant and difficult form.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00143-00062767-00062924": "So I start with bullets.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00144-00062924-00063504": "And all the experiments are going to be in the same general design, so I'll draw it this", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00145-00063504-00063604": "way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00146-00063604-00064014": "Suppose that we have some source of bullets, which is-- just represent the source, which", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00147-00064014-00064519": "we call the \"source,\" and is, in fact, in the case of bullets, a machine gun.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00148-00064519-00064658": "[STUDENTS CHUCKLING]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00149-00064658-00065152": "Then we have a plate in front, here, with a hole in it for the bullets to come out of.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00150-00065152-00065606": "And this plate, in the case of bullets, is armor plate.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00151-00065606-00066232": "Then a long distance from here, we have another plate, which I'm drawing only a short distance,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00152-00066232-00066462": "because I haven't got room on the blackboard for everything.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00153-00066462-00066872": "But this distance is supposed to be much longer in proportion to the width.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00154-00066872-00067016": "You'll please expand that.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00155-00067016-00067195": "That's a small point, but--", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00156-00067195-00067360": "And it has two holes in it.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00157-00067360-00067616": "That's the famous two-hole business.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00158-00067616-00068012": "I am going to talk a lot about these holes, so I'll talk about this hole as number 1 hole", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00159-00068012-00068474": "and the other hole as number 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00160-00068474-00068642": "And I'm only drawing it in two dimensions.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00161-00068642-00069000": "You can, if you wish to, imagine these as round holes in three dimensions.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00162-00069000-00069296": "But just say this is a cross section.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00163-00069296-00069700": "And then, again, a long distance away-- but we'll draw it relatively short distance, because", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00164-00069700-00070171": "of the limitations of this blackboard-- we have another screen, here, which is just a", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00165-00070171-00070877": "backstop of some sort, on which we can put, in various places, what I will call a \"detector.\"", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00166-00070877-00071025": "And I will mark that \"detector.\"", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00167-00071025-00071219": "[STUDENTS CHUCKLING]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00168-00071219-00071963": "Which, in the case of the bullets, is a box of sand, into which the bullets will be caught,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00169-00071963-00072164": "and we can count them.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00170-00072164-00072506": "That's the detector for bullets.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00171-00072506-00072931": "I don't want to have to redraw the experiment each time, so I'll label everything in this", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00172-00072931-00073031": "way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00173-00073031-00073533": "And then we will be able to catch on to situations for different cases.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00174-00073533-00073991": "And also I'm going to do experiments in which I count how many bullets come into this detector,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00175-00073991-00074387": "or box of sand, when the box is here or here or here or here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00176-00074387-00074908": "And to describe that, I'll measure the distance of the box from somewhere down here and call", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00177-00074908-00075008": "that x.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00178-00075008-00075148": "And I talk about what happens when we change x.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00179-00075148-00075484": "It means only you move the doggone thing up and down.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00180-00075484-00075658": "All right.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00181-00075658-00076327": "Now first I would like to make a few modifications from real bullets, in two idealizations.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00182-00076327-00076727": "The first is that the machine gun is very shaky and wobbly, and that the bullets go", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00183-00076727-00077211": "in various directions-- not just exactly straight on and bounce back.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00184-00077211-00077587": "And they can ricochet off the edges of the slits-- the slits-- rather, the holes in these", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00185-00077587-00077687": "armor plates.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00186-00077687-00078355": "And finally-- well, let's say, for instance, that the bullets have all the same speed or", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00187-00078355-00078622": "energy if you want, but that's not very important.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00188-00078622-00079011": "But the most important idealization in which it differs from real bullets is I want these", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00189-00079011-00079307": "bullets to be absolutely indestructible.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00190-00079307-00079776": "So that what we find in the box is not pieces of lead of some bullet that broke in half,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00191-00079776-00079947": "but we get the whole bullet, please.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00192-00079947-00080542": "So imagine indestructible bullets, or hard bullets and soft armor plate, or something.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00193-00080542-00080657": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00194-00080657-00081272": "And now the first thing that we will notice about bullets is that the things that arrive", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00195-00081272-00081513": "come in lumps.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00196-00081513-00081927": "When the energy comes, it's all in one bulletful-- a bang.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00197-00081927-00082289": "If you count the bullets, there's one, two, three, four bullets.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00198-00082289-00082420": "The things come in lumps.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00199-00082420-00082730": "They're equal in size, we suppose, in this case.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00200-00082730-00083163": "And when a thing comes into the box, it's either all in the box or it's not in the box.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00201-00083163-00083327": "It comes in lumps.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00202-00083327-00083931": "Moreover, if I put up two boxes here, I never get two bullets in the boxes at the same time.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00203-00083931-00084377": "Well, if the gun isn't going off too fast, and I have enough time between them to see.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00204-00084377-00084786": "Slow down the gun so they go off very slowly-- bing! Bing, bing! Bing!", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00205-00084786-00084886": "[STUDENTS CHUCKLING]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00206-00084886-00085209": "Then put the two things here and look very quickly in the two boxes.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00207-00085209-00085927": "You'll never get two bullets at the same time in the two boxes, because a bullet is a single,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00208-00085927-00086027": "identifiable lump.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00209-00086027-00086419": "I call that characteristic of the object that it comes in lumps.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00210-00086419-00086519": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00211-00086519-00087345": "So the first thing about bullets is that they come in lumps.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00212-00087345-00087588": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00213-00087588-00088005": "And now what I'm going to measure is how many bullets arrive here, on the average, in a", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00214-00088005-00088207": "long period of time.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00215-00088207-00088793": "So you wait an hour, and you count how many bullets are in the can-- in the sand-- and", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00216-00088793-00089033": "average that.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00217-00089033-00089544": "Now we call that, if you want-- let's say we take a definite time, like per hour, and", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00218-00089544-00089783": "say the number of bullets that arrive per hour.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00219-00089783-00090210": "And sometimes you could call that what's called the \"probability of arrival,\" because it just", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00220-00090210-00090631": "gives the chance that a bullet going through this thing arrives in this particular box.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00221-00090631-00090841": "At least, it's proportional to the chance.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00222-00090841-00091337": "One way to measure is to measure the average number of bullets that arrive over a period", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00223-00091337-00091437": "of time.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00224-00091437-00091894": "Now the number of bullets that arrive in this box, here, will vary as I vary x.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00225-00091894-00092470": "And I'm going to make a graph here in which I plot horizontally the number of bullets", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00226-00092470-00092764": "that I get if I hold this thing here for an hour.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00227-00092764-00093367": "And I'll get a curve that will probably look more or less like this.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00228-00093367-00093951": "Because when the box is behind one of these holes, it gets a lot of bullets-- the ones", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00229-00093951-00094081": "that went through this hole.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00230-00094081-00094307": "And otherwise it gets the ones that went through this hole.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00231-00094307-00094520": "And if it's a little bit out of line, it doesn't get as many.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00232-00094520-00094826": "They have to bounce a little off the edges of the hole.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00233-00094826-00095000": "And so it disappears, like this.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00234-00095000-00095532": "And this is the number that we get in an hour when both holes are open.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00235-00095532-00096103": "And I call that by an abbreviation \"N12,\" which merely means the number which arrive", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00236-00096103-00096442": "when hole number 1 and hole number 2 are both open.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00237-00096442-00096642": "Looks like that [INAUDIBLE].", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00238-00096642-00097195": "And I must insist that the number that we're plotting here doesn't come in lumps.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00239-00097195-00097377": "It can have any size it wants.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00240-00097377-00097684": "For example, there can be two and half bullets in an hour.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00241-00097684-00098033": "In spite of the fact that the bullets come in lumps, what I mean by \"two and a half bullets", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00242-00098033-00098456": "in an hour\" is that if you're on a long time, like 10 hours, you get 25 bullets.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00243-00098456-00098694": "So it's on the average two and a half bullets.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00244-00098694-00098819": "The end can have any size.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00245-00098819-00099039": "It doesn't have to be in lumps, because it's an average.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00246-00099039-00099453": "I'm sure you're all familiar with the joke about fact that the average family in the", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00247-00099453-00099728": "United States seems to have two and a half children.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00248-00099728-00100079": "It doesn't mean that there's a half a child in any family whatever.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00249-00100079-00100280": "The children come in lumps.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00250-00100280-00100380": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00251-00100380-00100929": "But nevertheless, when you take the average number for a family, it can be any number", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00252-00100929-00101029": "whatsoever.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00253-00101029-00101431": "And so this number N, which is the number that arrive in this container per hour, on", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00254-00101431-00101631": "the average, need not be an integer.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00255-00101631-00102134": "It can be a tenth, which would mean, under those circumstances, that you have to wait,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00256-00102134-00102803": "on the average, 10 hours, more or less, per bullet.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00257-00102803-00103343": "So what we measure, then, is the probability of arrival, which is a technical measure.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00258-00103343-00104107": "The probability of arrival, which is technical term, really, for the average number that", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00259-00104107-00104507": "arrive in a given length of time.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00260-00104507-00105101": "And now, finally, if we go to analyze this curve, N12, we can interpret it very nicely.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00261-00105101-00105419": "We can interpret it as the sum of two curves, which I will draw here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00262-00105419-00105833": "You see, that's why I need the blackboard wider, because I've got several cases.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00263-00105833-00106378": "So I draw two curves here, one which would represent what I call \"N1\"-- the number which", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00264-00106378-00106954": "would come if hole number 2 is closed by another piece of armor plate in front, and so they", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00265-00106954-00107220": "all come through number 1.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00266-00107220-00107691": "And N2 would be the number that come through hole number 2 alone.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00267-00107691-00108030": "So N1 is the number that come through hole number 1 alone, and N2 is the number that", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00268-00108030-00108391": "come through hole number 2 alone, those numbers being determined by closing the respective", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00269-00108391-00108491": "holes.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00270-00108491-00108903": "And then we discover a very important law, which is that the number that arrive with", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00271-00108903-00109312": "both holes open is the number that arrive by coming through number 1 hole plus the number", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00272-00109312-00109570": "that come through number 2 hole.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00273-00109570-00110035": "And this proposition-- the fact that all you have to do is add these two together-- I call", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00274-00110035-00110332": "\"nice,\" or \"no interference.\"", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00275-00110332-00110976": "That is, what you get from the two holes open is the same as you get by simply adding each", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00276-00110976-00111077": "hole separately.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00277-00111077-00111230": "That's for bullets.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00278-00111230-00111330": "Done.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00279-00111330-00111430": "We've done with bullets.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00280-00111430-00111530": "All right.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00281-00111530-00112115": "Now I begin again, this time with water waves.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00282-00112115-00112676": "Here is standing some kind of a big mass of stuff which is being shaken up and down.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00283-00112676-00113250": "This is a long line of barges, or jetties, with a gap in the water in between.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00284-00113250-00113640": "Perhaps it's better to do it with ripples than it is to do it with big ocean waves.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00285-00113640-00113769": "It'd sound more sensible.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00286-00113769-00114076": "Wiggle my finger up and down, here, and I have a little piece of wood, here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00287-00114076-00114259": "And ripples start out here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00288-00114259-00114647": "And then I've arranged, in a tank, to put boards in the way, here, so that I have these", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00289-00114647-00114912": "two holes.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00290-00114912-00115096": "And then I have this so-called detector.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00291-00115096-00115540": "And then what I do with the detector-- what the detector defects is how much the water", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00292-00115540-00115662": "is jiggling.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00293-00115662-00116048": "For instance, I put a cork in the water and measure how it moves up and down.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00294-00116048-00116533": "And what I'm going to measure, in fact, is the energy of the agitation of the cork, which", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00295-00116533-00117052": "is exactly proportional to the energy carried by the waves.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00296-00117052-00117755": "Also, I forgot to say that this jiggling is made very regular and perfect so that the", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00297-00117755-00118061": "waves are all of the same spacing from one another.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00298-00118061-00118357": "And then I'll describe what we get under those circumstances.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00299-00118357-00119129": "For that, I first remark-- well, let's see.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00300-00119129-00119396": "First, we can measure the energy of the cork.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00301-00119396-00120225": "But then another thing is important for water waves-- for waves-- water waves-- is that", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00302-00120225-00120563": "the thing that we're measuring can have any size at all.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00303-00120563-00120935": "We're measuring the intensity of the waves, or the energy in the cork.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00304-00120935-00121301": "And if the waves are very quiet-- if the fellow over here is only jiggling a little bit--", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00305-00121301-00121635": "then there'll be very little motion of the cork, and so on.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00306-00121635-00121883": "No matter how much it is, it's proportional.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00307-00121883-00122674": "So it can have any size.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00308-00122674-00122778": "It doesn't come in lumps.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00309-00122778-00122957": "It's not all there or nothing.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00310-00122957-00123761": "And what we're going to measure is the intensity of the waves which, to be precise, if you", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00311-00123761-00124382": "want, is the energy generated by the waves at a point.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00312-00124382-00124924": "And now what happens if we measure the intensity-- which I'll draw on a third curve, here-- which", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00313-00124924-00125336": "I'll call \"I\" to remind you it's an intensity and not a number of particles of any kind,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00314-00125336-00125858": "and \"I12\" when both holes are open-- is a curve that looks something like this.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00315-00125858-00126769": "Rather an interesting, complicated-looking curve, which ought to be symmetrical.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00316-00126769-00127105": "I didn't do too badly, actually.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00317-00127105-00127217": "[STUDENTS CHUCKLING]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00318-00127217-00127336": "Very complicated-looking curve.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00319-00127336-00127664": "That is, if we put the thing in different places, we get a very, very different intensity", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00320-00127664-00127950": "which varies very rapidly in a peculiar manner.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00321-00127950-00128175": "And you're probably all familiar with the reason for that.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00322-00128175-00128723": "The reason is that the ripples, as they come out of here, have crests and troughs, spreading", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00323-00128723-00128823": "from here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00324-00128823-00129066": "And they have crests and troughs spreading from here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00325-00129066-00129819": "Now if we're at a place which, say, is exactly in between these two things, so that the two", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00326-00129819-00130200": "waves arrive at the same time, the crests will come on top of each other.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00327-00130200-00130602": "And they'll be plenty of jiggling, which is the exact opposite of this curve.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00328-00130602-00130702": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00329-00130702-00131317": "So I'll have to put-- there should be another bump.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00330-00131317-00131417": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00331-00131417-00131757": "We have a lot of jiggling right in dead center.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00332-00131757-00132520": "On the other hand, if I were to move to some point here, since I'm further from hole 2", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00333-00132520-00133105": "than hole 1, it takes a little longer for the waves to come from 2 than from 1.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00334-00133105-00133596": "And when 1 has a crest arriving, the crest hasn't quite reached there yet from 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00335-00133596-00133871": "In fact, it's a trough from 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00336-00133871-00134366": "So the water tries to move up, and it tries to move down from the influences of the waves", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00337-00134366-00134484": "coming from the 2 hole.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00338-00134484-00134842": "And the net result is it doesn't move at all, or practically not at all.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00339-00134842-00135213": "And so we have these low bumps at that place.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00340-00135213-00135649": "And then, if you move still further over, you get enough delay that when a crest is", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00341-00135649-00135949": "here, this other crest is, in fact, one whole wave behind.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00342-00135949-00136451": "So, in fact, it's a crest that-- two crests are coming on top of each other, but not the", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00343-00136451-00136563": "same crests, so to speak.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00344-00136563-00136844": "The fourth crest from here, and the fifth crest from there.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00345-00136844-00137252": "So you get a big one again, then a small one, a big one, a small one, depending upon the", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00346-00137252-00137670": "way the crests and troughs \"interfere,\" as we say.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00347-00137670-00138342": "The word \"interference,\" again, is used in science in a funny way, because we'll have", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00348-00138342-00138462": "what we call a \"constructive interference.\"", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00349-00138462-00138936": "When they both interfere here, it makes it stronger.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00350-00138936-00139249": "Well, they call it \"interference,\" anyway.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00351-00139249-00139798": "But the very important thing is that I12 is not the same as I1 plus I2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00352-00139798-00140040": "And we say it shows interference.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00353-00140040-00140173": "Yes, interference.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00354-00140173-00140790": "That's a funny term we use-- \"constructive\" and \"destructive\" interference.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00355-00140790-00141293": "I didn't mention what I1 and I2 look like, but we can find out by closing this, for instance,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00356-00141293-00141393": "to find I1.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00357-00141393-00142033": "The intention that you get here, if the hole is closed, is simply the waves from one hole", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00358-00142033-00142214": "from which there's no interference.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00359-00142214-00142314": "And that's this curve.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00360-00142314-00142607": "N1 is the same as I1, and the same way, otherwise I2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00361-00142607-00142927": "And this curve is quite different than the sum of these two.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00362-00142927-00143337": "As an matter of fact, the mathematics of this curve is rather an interesting one.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00363-00143337-00143575": "What is true is this.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00364-00143575-00144007": "That the height of the water, when both holes are open, is equal to the height that you", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00365-00144007-00144408": "would get from number 1 open plus the height you get from number 2 open.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00366-00144408-00144853": "Thus, if it's a trough, the height from 2 is negative and cancels out the height from", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00367-00144853-00144953": "1.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00368-00144953-00145240": "So you can represent it by talking about the height of the water.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00369-00145240-00145700": "But it turns out that the intensity, in any case-- for instance, when both holes are open--", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00370-00145700-00146242": "is not the same as the height, but it's proportional to the square of the height.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00371-00146242-00146578": "And it's because of this-- the fact that we're dealing with the squares-- that we get these", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00372-00146578-00146770": "very interesting curves.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00373-00146770-00146961": "All right.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00374-00146961-00147761": "Now we erase the machinery and start over.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00375-00147761-00148103": "This time, we start with electrons.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00376-00148103-00148203": "We have a filament, here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00377-00148203-00148523": "Tungsten plate, holes in the tungsten plate.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00378-00148523-00148900": "And for a detector, any electrical system which is sufficiently sensitive to pick up", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00379-00148900-00149288": "the charge of an electron arriving with whatever energy the source had.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00380-00149288-00149609": "Or, if you would prefer, we could use photons.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00381-00149609-00150008": "And this is a black paper with a hole in it, two holes in another sheet of black paper.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00382-00150008-00150399": "Paper isn't very good, because the fibers don't make a sharp hole, so use something", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00383-00150399-00150499": "better.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00384-00150499-00151078": "And here, for a detector, a photomultiplier that can detect the individual photons arriving.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00385-00151078-00151202": "Now what happens with either case?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00386-00151202-00151380": "And I'll discuss only the electron case.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00387-00151380-00151836": "The other case is exactly the same-- the case with the photon-- is this, first.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00388-00151836-00152389": "That what we receive in this electrical detector, with a sufficiently powerful amplifier behind", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00389-00152389-00152599": "it, are clicks.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00390-00152599-00152699": "Click!", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00391-00152699-00152878": "Click, click, click!", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00392-00152878-00153223": "And so on, with the source here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00393-00153223-00153411": "Lumps.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00394-00153411-00153511": "Absolutely lumps.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00395-00153511-00153636": "When the click comes, it's a certain size.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00396-00153636-00154015": "And the size is the same if you turn the source weaker.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00397-00154015-00154363": "The clicks come farther apart, but it's the same size click.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00398-00154363-00154739": "You turn it up, they go click-click-click-click-- and it jams the amplifier.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00399-00154739-00155203": "So you have to turn it down enough that there aren't too many clicks for the machinery that", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00400-00155203-00155384": "you're using to detect.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00401-00155384-00155948": "Next, if you were to put up another detector here and listen to both of them, you never", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00402-00155948-00156397": "get two clicks at the same time, at least if the source is weak enough, because of the", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00403-00156397-00156621": "precision with which you measure the same time.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00404-00156621-00156997": "If you cut down the intensity of the source so they come few and far between, they never", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00405-00156997-00157274": "come a click in both detectors.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00406-00157274-00157595": "So that means that the thing which is coming comes in lumps.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00407-00157595-00157950": "It has a definite size, and it only comes to one place at a time.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00408-00157950-00158050": "All right.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00409-00158050-00159561": "So for electrons, or for photons-- we'll just use that-- it comes in lumps.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00410-00159561-00160011": "And therefore what we can do is the same thing as we did with the bullets.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00411-00160011-00160163": "We measure how many come.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00412-00160163-00160405": "We measure the probability of arrival.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00413-00160405-00160650": "What we do is we hold the detector in a certain place.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00414-00160650-00161234": "Actually, if you wanted to, although it's expensive, we could put detectors all over", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00415-00161234-00161619": "at the same time and make the whole curve simultaneously.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00416-00161619-00161899": "But let's suppose we put it in a certain place, and we measure, at the end of an hour, how", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00417-00161899-00162059": "many electrons came.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00418-00162059-00162167": "And we average it.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00419-00162167-00162764": "By the way, if I put detectors all along the back, here, when one comes, it comes into", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00420-00162764-00162864": "1 but not to others.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00421-00162864-00163160": "It just-- one goes off, then the other goes off, then this goes off, and that one goes", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00422-00163160-00163260": "off, and so on.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00423-00163260-00163360": "Just like with bullets.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00424-00163360-00163852": "And we measure, then, the probability of arrival of the electrons.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00425-00163852-00164050": "And what do we get?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00426-00164050-00164188": "The number of electrons that arrive.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00427-00164188-00164473": "The same kind of an N12 as before.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00428-00164473-00165048": "This is what we get for N12.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00429-00165048-00165311": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00430-00165311-00165573": "N12.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00431-00165573-00165721": "This is what we get with both holes open.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00432-00165721-00166327": "And that's the phenomenon of nature-- that she produces the curve which is the same as", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00433-00166327-00166758": "you would get from an interference of waves.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00434-00166758-00166892": "But she produces a curve for what?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00435-00166892-00167375": "Not for the energy in a wave, but for the probability of arrival of one of these lumps.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00436-00167375-00167515": "The mathematics is simple.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00437-00167515-00168062": "You change I to N. And you have to change H to something else, which is nu.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00438-00168062-00168342": "And you call it something, because it's not the height of anything.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00439-00168342-00168658": "But in order-- this curve has a simple mathematical form.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00440-00168658-00169227": "There is an a, which can be represented as an a1 plus an a2, which we call a \"probability", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00441-00169227-00169712": "amplitude\"-- (MUTTERING) because we don't know what it means-- to arrive from hole 1,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00442-00169712-00169928": "plus the probability amplitude to arrive from hole 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00443-00169928-00170405": "And you add the two together to get the total probability amplitude to arrive, and square", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00444-00170405-00170505": "it.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00445-00170505-00170803": "Just direct imitation of what happens with the waves, because we've got to get the same", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00446-00170803-00171471": "curve out, so we use the same mathematics.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00447-00171471-00171571": "Let's find out.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00448-00171571-00171879": "I'd better check on one point, though, about the interference.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00449-00171879-00172204": "I forgot to say what happens if we close one of the holes.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00450-00172204-00172721": "Let's try to analyze this interesting curve, which now, for electrons, I erase all the", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00451-00172721-00172885": "stuff with the light.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00452-00172885-00173133": "Well, everything with light is erased.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00453-00173133-00173422": "And now we're talking about electrons.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00454-00173422-00173652": "This curve isn't important in our case.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00455-00173652-00173913": "This is the number which arrive.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00456-00173913-00174858": "Now we would like to analyze this curve.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00457-00174858-00174958": "And we try this.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00458-00174958-00175417": "We say maybe it comes-- we can analyze this by thinking that the electrons come through", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00459-00175417-00175576": "this hole or through the other.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00460-00175576-00175984": "So we can close one hole and measure how many come through hole number 1, and we get that", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00461-00175984-00176084": "curve.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00462-00176084-00176422": "Or we can close this hole and measure how many come through hole number 2, and we get", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00463-00176422-00176573": "that curve.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00464-00176573-00176819": "And these two added together is not this.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00465-00176819-00176977": "And so this is not the same as N1 plus N2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00466-00176977-00177324": "And it does show interference.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00467-00177324-00177576": "It shows interference.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00468-00177576-00178259": "And, in fact, the mathematics is given by this funny formula that the probability of", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00469-00178259-00178889": "arrival is the square of an amplitude, which itself is the sum of two pieces.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00470-00178889-00179726": "The question is, how can that come about?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00471-00179726-00179973": "That when they go through hole 1, they would be distributed this way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00472-00179973-00180183": "When they go through hole 2, they would be distributed that way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00473-00180183-00180580": "How can it be that when both holes are open, you don't get the sum of the two?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00474-00180580-00181290": "For instance, if I hold a detector at this point, here, I get practically nothing.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00475-00181290-00181557": "If I close one of the holes, I get plenty.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00476-00181557-00181977": "If I close the other hole, I get something.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00477-00181977-00182121": "If I leave both holes open, I get nothing.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00478-00182121-00182566": "If I let them go through both holes, they won't come anymore.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00479-00182566-00182854": "Or take the point in the center.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00480-00182854-00183233": "You can show that that's higher than the sum-- than it was in the other case-- than the sum", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00481-00183233-00183333": "of these two.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00482-00183333-00183700": "I get more here, when both holes are open, than I would get with either one of the two", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00483-00183700-00183810": "closed.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00484-00183810-00184125": "Now you might think that, if you were clever enough, you could argue that they have some", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00485-00184125-00184398": "way of going around through the holes, back and forth, and they do something complicated,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00486-00184398-00184794": "or it splits in half and goes through the two holes, and so forth, in order to explain", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00487-00184794-00184894": "this phenomenon.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00488-00184894-00185614": "Nobody, however, has succeeded to get an explanation of this that's satisfactory.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00489-00185614-00185776": "Because the mathematics in the end are so very simple.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00490-00185776-00186117": "The curve is so very simple.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00491-00186117-00186716": "I will summarize, then, by saying that electrons arrive in lumps, like particles.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00492-00186716-00187301": "But the probability of arrival of these lumps is determined like the intensity of waves", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00493-00187301-00187425": "would be.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00494-00187425-00188015": "And it is in this sense that the electron behaves, as you might say, sometimes like", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00495-00188015-00188174": "a particle and sometimes like a wave.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00496-00188174-00188508": "It behaves in these two different ways at the same time.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00497-00188508-00188633": "And that's all there is to say.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00498-00188633-00189051": "I give a mathematical description to figure out the probability of arrival of electrons", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00499-00189051-00189239": "under any circumstances, and so on.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00500-00189239-00189489": "And that would, in principle, be the end of the lecture.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00501-00189489-00190039": "Except that there are a number of subtleties involved in the fact that nature works this", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00502-00190039-00190139": "way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00503-00190139-00190453": "There's a number of peculiar things.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00504-00190453-00191098": "And I would like to discuss those peculiarities, because they may not be self-evident at this", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00505-00191098-00191198": "point.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00506-00191198-00191789": "So, to discuss the subtleties, we begin by discussing a proposition which we would have", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00507-00191789-00192078": "thought to use since these things are lumps.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00508-00192078-00192559": "Since what comes is always one complete nah, which I'll call an \"electron\"-- one complete", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00509-00192559-00192940": "lump, one complete electron-- it's obvious that it's reasonable--", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00510-00192940-00193115": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00511-00193115-00193885": "--that either an electron arrives-- or \"goes,\" let's say.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00512-00193885-00194861": "That either an electron goes through hole number 1, or it goes through hole number 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00513-00194861-00195402": "That seems like-- it goes through hole number 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00514-00195402-00195796": "That seems very obvious, that it can't do anything else, if it's a lump.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00515-00195796-00196273": "And I'm going to discuss this proposition, so I have to give it a name.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00516-00196273-00196390": "I'll call it \"proposition A.\"", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00517-00196390-00196750": "Now we've already discussed, a little bit, what happens with proposition A. If it were", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00518-00196750-00197132": "true that an electron either goes through hole number 1 or it goes through hole number", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00519-00197132-00197703": "2, then the total number which arrive here would have to be analyzable as a sum of two", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00520-00197703-00197888": "contributions.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00521-00197888-00198316": "The total number which arrive here will be the number that come here via hole 1 plus", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00522-00198316-00198515": "the number that come via hole 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00523-00198515-00199087": "And since this curve cannot easily be analyzed as the sum of two pieces in such a nice manner,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00524-00199087-00199523": "and since the experiments which determine how many would have arriven-- \"would have", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00525-00199523-00199623": "arrived\"--", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00526-00199623-00199723": "[STUDENTS CHUCKLING]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00527-00199723-00200276": "If only hole number 1 were open, don't give the result that this number is the sum of", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00528-00200276-00200376": "these two.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00529-00200376-00200751": "It is obvious that we should conclude that this proposition is false.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00530-00200751-00201275": "It is not true that the electron either comes through hole number 1 or hole number 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00531-00201275-00201611": "Maybe it divides itself in half, temporarily, or something.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00532-00201611-00201830": "So proposition A is false.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00533-00201830-00201973": "That's logic.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00534-00201973-00202487": "Unfortunately, or otherwise, we can test logic by experiment.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00535-00202487-00202898": "So we just have to do, to find out whether it's true or not that the electrons come through", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00536-00202898-00203035": "hole 1 and hole 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00537-00203035-00203266": "Or maybe they go around through both holes, or they split up, or something.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00538-00203266-00203541": "All we have to do is watch them.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00539-00203541-00203847": "To watch them, we need light.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00540-00203847-00204199": "So we put, back here, behind the holes, a source of light.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00541-00204199-00204498": "A very intense light.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00542-00204498-00204610": "Light is scattered by electrons.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00543-00204610-00204716": "It is bounced off electrons.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00544-00204716-00205104": "In other words, you can see electrons as they go by, if the light's strong enough.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00545-00205104-00205635": "So we stand back here, and we look to see whether we see, when the electron is counted,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00546-00205635-00206167": "here, a flash-- or have seen, the moment before the electrons got here-- a flash behind hole", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00547-00206167-00206389": "1 or a flash behind hole 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00548-00206389-00206751": "Or maybe a sort of a half flash in each place at the same time.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00549-00206751-00207132": "Because we're going to find out, now, how it goes-- by looking.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00550-00207132-00207537": "Well, you turn on the light and look.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00551-00207537-00208040": "And lo, you discover that you see flashes behind either one hole or the other hole every", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00552-00208040-00208210": "time you get a count here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00553-00208210-00208639": "Every time there's a count here, you see a flash behind number 1 or behind number 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00554-00208639-00209419": "What you see is that the electron come 100% complete through hole 1 or through hole 2,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00555-00209419-00209541": "when you look.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00556-00209541-00209757": "Kind of a paradox.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00557-00209757-00210351": "Well, let's squeeze nature into some kind of a difficulty, here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00558-00210351-00210588": "I'll show you what we're gonna do, see?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00559-00210588-00210688": "[STUDENTS CHUCKLING]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00560-00210688-00210863": "We're going to keep the light on.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00561-00210863-00210977": "We're gonna watch.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00562-00210977-00211253": "And we're going to count how many electrons come through.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00563-00211253-00211710": "And we're going to make two columns.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00564-00211710-00212417": "I'll watch the holes very carefully while you please count how many are arriving in", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00565-00212417-00212517": "the detector.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00566-00212517-00212617": "[STUDENTS CHUCKLING]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00567-00212617-00212737": "All right, you say, one arrived!", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00568-00212737-00212992": "I said, I saw that when it went through hole number 1.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00569-00212992-00213092": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00570-00213092-00213876": "But we put here two columns, which is column 1 for number 1 hole and number 2 hole.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00571-00213876-00214243": "And every time you get one, you tell me you got one, I have seen it, of course.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00572-00214243-00214453": "And I say either number 1 or 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00573-00214453-00214641": "The first one was 1.What's the next one?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00574-00214641-00214741": "Number 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00575-00214741-00214841": "All right.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00576-00214841-00214941": "Number 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00577-00214941-00215041": "Number 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00578-00215041-00215141": "Number 1.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00579-00215141-00215241": "And so on.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00580-00215241-00215341": "Hmm?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00581-00215341-00215460": "So as we watch the electrons-- as I watch the electrons-- for every one that you count,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00582-00215460-00215915": "I can separate them experimentally into two columns-- them what have arrived via hole", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00583-00215915-00216413": "1, and those-- (ASIDE) I know the English isn't right-- I'm just trying-- (FULL VOICE)", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00584-00216413-00216513": "that arrive--", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00585-00216513-00216613": "[STUDENTS CHUCKLING]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00586-00216613-00216941": "--via hole 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00587-00216941-00217184": "So the number-- the total number that arrives--", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00588-00217184-00217544": "Well, first, what does this column look like, when you add it all together for different", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00589-00217544-00217886": "position here, which is just the number that are supposed to have come through 1?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00590-00217886-00218180": "I watch behind 1, and what do I see?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00591-00218180-00218301": "I see this curve.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00592-00218301-00218502": "That column is distributed this way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00593-00218502-00218744": "Just like we thought when we closed hole 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00594-00218744-00219096": "It works the same way whether we're looking or not.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00595-00219096-00219562": "If we close hole 2, we get the same distribution in those that arrived as if we are watching.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00596-00219562-00219904": "And likewise, the number in this column that are supposed to have arrived via hole number", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00597-00219904-00220027": "2 is also this simple curve.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00598-00220027-00220127": "Now look.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00599-00220127-00220730": "The total number which arrives has to be the total number.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00600-00220730-00220875": "I'm just counting little marks.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00601-00220875-00221282": "It has to be the sum of this number plus that number.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00602-00221282-00221723": "The total number which arrive absolutely has to be the sum of these two.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00603-00221723-00221944": "It has to be distributed this way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00604-00221944-00222325": "When I said it was distributed this way, it's distributed this way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00605-00222325-00222425": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00606-00222425-00222525": "It really is, of course.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00607-00222525-00222625": "It has to be.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00608-00222625-00222725": "And it is.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00609-00222725-00222944": "It's distributed this way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00610-00222944-00223139": "[STUDENTS CHUCKLING]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00611-00223139-00223759": "If, then, we mark with a prime the results when a light is lit-- prime means with the", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00612-00223759-00224260": "light lit-- then we find N1 prime is practically the same as N1 without the light.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00613-00224260-00224515": "And N2 prime is almost the same as N2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00614-00224515-00225323": "But the number that we see when the light is on is equal to the number that we see through", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00615-00225323-00225600": "1 plus the number that we see through 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00616-00225600-00226064": "This is the result that we get when the light is on.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00617-00226064-00226633": "In other words, we get a different answer, whether I turned on the light or not.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00618-00226633-00227089": "If I had the light turned on, this is the distribution which you measure over here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00619-00227089-00227498": "If I turn off the light, this is the distribution that you measure over here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00620-00227498-00227651": "Turn on the light, this is the answer.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00621-00227651-00227876": "Turn off the light, that's the answer.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00622-00227876-00228204": "See, nature's squeezed out!", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00623-00228204-00228538": "[STUDENTS CHUCKLING]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00624-00228538-00229031": "Now we could say, then, that the light affects the result.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00625-00229031-00229360": "If the light is on, you get a different answer than if the light is off.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00626-00229360-00229556": "If you want to, you can say they are light effects.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00627-00229556-00229946": "It does affect-- in fact, we found, by this experiment, we get a difference with the light", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00628-00229946-00230046": "on and off.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00629-00230046-00230198": "Light affects the behavior of electrons.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00630-00230198-00230654": "If you want to talk about the motion of the electrons through here-- which is a little", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00631-00230654-00230754": "inaccurate-- you can.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00632-00230754-00231188": "You can say that the light affects the motion so that those which might have arrived at", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00633-00231188-00231681": "the maximum have somehow been deviated or kicked by the light and arrived at the minimum,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00634-00231681-00232308": "instead smoothing the curve to produce this thing.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00635-00232308-00232525": "You see, electrons are very delicate.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00636-00232525-00232850": "Although, when you're looking at a baseball and you shine light on it, it doesn't make", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00637-00232850-00232950": "any difference.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00638-00232950-00233050": "The baseball goes the same way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00639-00233050-00233242": "Electrons are very flimsy-- very delicate.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00640-00233242-00233628": "And when you shine a light on them, it's a little tough on the electrons.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00641-00233628-00233728": "It knocks them about a bit.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00642-00233728-00234194": "And instead of doing that, they do this, because you turn the light on so strong.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00643-00234194-00234328": "You hit 'em with a hammer.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00644-00234328-00234741": "It's not just a delicate thing, like when you're looking at a baseball with light.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00645-00234741-00234979": "There you are, hitting them with a hammer.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00646-00234979-00235205": "What you do is you turn up the light too strong.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00647-00235205-00235392": "Turn it weaker and weaker and weaker, until it's very dim.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00648-00235392-00235905": "And then use very careful detectors that can see very dim light.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00649-00235905-00236055": "And look with the dim light.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00650-00236055-00236489": "Now, as the light gets dimmer and dimmer, you can't expect with very, very, very weak", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00651-00236489-00237084": "light to affect the electron so completely as to change the pattern 100% from this pattern", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00652-00237084-00237184": "to this pattern.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00653-00237184-00237533": "As the light gets weaker and weaker and weaker, somehow it should get more and more like no", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00654-00237533-00237658": "light at all.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00655-00237658-00237996": "And how, then, does this turn into that?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00656-00237996-00238444": "Well, it turns out that light is not like a wave of water.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00657-00238444-00238919": "But light also comes in particle-like characters called \"photons.\"", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00658-00238919-00239401": "And as you turn down the intensity of the light, you're not turning down this effect.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00659-00239401-00239926": "You're turning down the number of photon particle-like things that are coming out of the source.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00660-00239926-00240309": "So as I turn down the light, I'm getting fewer and fewer photons.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00661-00240309-00240614": "The least I can scatter from an electron is one photon.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00662-00240614-00241110": "And if I have too few photons, well, sometimes the electron would get through.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00663-00241110-00241250": "And it just happens there wasn't enough light.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00664-00241250-00241392": "There was no photon coming by.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00665-00241392-00241533": "I didn't see it.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00666-00241533-00241738": "So a very weak light doesn't mean a small disturbance.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00667-00241738-00241982": "It just means a few photons.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00668-00241982-00242241": "And what happens is that I have to invent a third column.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00669-00242241-00242492": "You see, you get a click over here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00670-00242492-00242669": "I say, I saw that one.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00671-00242669-00242857": "That was in number 1 hole.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00672-00242857-00243054": "This was behind hole number 2.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00673-00243054-00243242": "Then another comes, I'm sorry.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00674-00243242-00243348": "I didn't see that.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00675-00243348-00243637": "There wasn't enough light to give a photon, at that time.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00676-00243637-00243954": "So there must be a third column under \"didn't see.\"", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00677-00243954-00244054": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00678-00244054-00244380": "And when the light is very strong, there are very few in there.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00679-00244380-00244652": "And when the light is very weak, most of them end in there.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00680-00244652-00245061": "So that there are three columns-- this one, this one, and sometimes in here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00681-00245061-00245300": "Now you can guess what happens.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00682-00245300-00245496": "The ones I do see are distributed this way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00683-00245496-00245713": "The ones I didn't see are distributed that way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00684-00245713-00245835": "[STUDENTS CHUCKLING]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00685-00245835-00246256": "And as I turn the light weaker and weaker, well, I see less and less of them.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00686-00246256-00246789": "A greater and greater fraction are not seen, and the actual curve, in any case, is a sort", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00687-00246789-00246909": "of a mixture of this and this.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00688-00246909-00247208": "And as the light gets weaker so that fewer and fewer are seen, it gets more and more", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00689-00247208-00247604": "like that, in a continuous fashion.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00690-00247604-00248227": "So, in this case, if the electrons are not seen and nothing bounced off the light, under", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00691-00248227-00248607": "those circumstances you get this complicated pattern for those electrons which were not", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00692-00248607-00248707": "seen.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00693-00248707-00249031": "The ones in the column \"didn't see\" are exactly distributed in this complicated way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00694-00249031-00249716": "And the other two columns are in these two ways, here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00695-00249716-00250317": "Now you say, I got another way to measure which hole it goes through.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00696-00250317-00250741": "And I'm sorry I haven't got enough time to discuss a large number of different inventions", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00697-00250741-00251194": "that you might have to find out which hole the electron went through and what happens", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00698-00251194-00251342": "in each case.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00699-00251342-00251996": "It always turns out, however, that it's impossible to arrange the light in any way so that you", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00700-00251996-00252531": "can tell through which hole the thing is going without disturbing the pattern of arrival", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00701-00252531-00253073": "of electrons from this form to this form without destroying the interference.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00702-00253073-00253257": "And not only light, but anything else.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00703-00253257-00253441": "You use neutrinos, you use anything.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00704-00253441-00253830": "In principle, it's impossible to do it.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00705-00253830-00254173": "You can, if you want, invent a way to tell which hole the electron's going through.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00706-00254173-00254416": "Then it turns out it's going through one or the other.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00707-00254416-00254842": "But if you try to make that instrument so that, at the same time, it doesn't disturb", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00708-00254842-00255317": "the motion of the electrons, well, then what happens is you get back-- you can't tell anymore", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00709-00255317-00255460": "which one it goes through, and you get this.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00710-00255460-00255773": "If you can tell, you get this.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00711-00255773-00256173": "Heisenberg noticed, when he discovered the laws of quantum mechanics, that the new laws", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00712-00256173-00256698": "of nature that he'd discovered could only be consistent if there was some basic limitation", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00713-00256698-00257075": "to our experimental abilities that had not been previously recognized.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00714-00257075-00257664": "In other words, you can't experimentally be as delicate as you wish.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00715-00257664-00258154": "And he proposed his uncertainty principle, which, stated in terms of our experiment,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00716-00258154-00258267": "is the following.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00717-00258267-00258541": "He stated it another way, but they're exactly equivalent.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00718-00258541-00258785": "You can get from one to the other.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00719-00258785-00259028": "But unfortunately I haven't time to explain that.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00720-00259028-00259452": "In our experiment, his uncertainty principle would be stated in this manner.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00721-00259452-00260092": "It is impossible to design any apparatus whatsoever to determine which hole the electron passes", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00722-00260092-00260650": "and one succeeds in determining which hole the electron passes-- passes-- which-- through", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00723-00260650-00261016": "which hole the elect-- which can determine who which hole the electron passes that will", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00724-00261016-00261576": "not, at the same time, disturb the electron enough to destroy the interference pattern.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00725-00261576-00261769": "And no one has found a way around this.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00726-00261769-00262247": "And I'm sure you're itching with inventions as to methods of detecting which hole the", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00727-00262247-00262347": "electron went through.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00728-00262347-00262651": "But if each one of them is analyzed carefully, you'll find out there's something the matter", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00729-00262651-00263007": "with it, and that if, without disturbing the electron, you think you could do it.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00730-00263007-00263244": "But it turns out there's always something the matter.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00731-00263244-00263591": "And you can account for the difference in the patterns due to the disturbance of the", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00732-00263591-00264044": "instruments used to determine through which hole the electron comes.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00733-00264044-00264775": "Now this, therefore, is a basic characteristic of nature and tells us something about everything.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00734-00264775-00265292": "If a new particle is found tomorrow, the kaon-- actually, it's already been found.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00735-00265292-00265392": "Something.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00736-00265392-00265492": "Give it a name.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00737-00265492-00265592": "Let's say a kaon.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00738-00265592-00266043": "And I use kaons to interact with electrons to determine which hole the electron is going", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00739-00266043-00266143": "through.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00740-00266143-00266801": "I already know, ahead of time-- I hope-- enough about the behavior of the kaon to say that", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00741-00266801-00267356": "it cannot be of such a type that I could tell through which hole the electron would go without,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00742-00267356-00267742": "at the same time, producing a disturbance on the electron to change the pattern from", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00743-00267742-00267842": "here to here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00744-00267842-00268446": "The uncertainty principle is used as a general principle to guess ahead at many of the characteristics", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00745-00268446-00268563": "of unknown objects.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00746-00268563-00268855": "They are kind of limited in their character.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00747-00268855-00269038": "Well, then, let's go back.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00748-00269038-00269248": "What about this proposition A?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00749-00269248-00269801": "Does it go either through one hole or the other, or not?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00750-00269801-00270222": "Well, physicists have the convention-- a way of avoiding the pitfalls which exist.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00751-00270222-00270781": "And they make their game-- their rules of thinking-- as follows.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00752-00270781-00271215": "That if you have an apparatus which is capable of telling which hole the electron goes through--", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00753-00271215-00271804": "and you can have such apparati-- then one can say that it either goes through one hole", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00754-00271804-00271904": "or the other.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00755-00271904-00272004": "And it does, when you look.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00756-00272004-00272479": "It always is going through one hole or the other, when you look.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00757-00272479-00272888": "But when you do not try to determine, or you have no disturbance-- no apparatus-- there", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00758-00272888-00273387": "to determine through which hole the thing goes, under those circumstances you cannot", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00759-00273387-00273726": "say that it either goes through one hole or the other.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00760-00273726-00274188": "You can always say it, provided you stop thinking immediately and don't make any deduction from", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00761-00274188-00274288": "it.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00762-00274288-00274649": "We prefer not to say it, rather than to stop thinking at the moment.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00763-00274649-00274983": "In other words, when we don't look, we can't say through which hole it's going.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00764-00274983-00275324": "But if you try to look to see, you find it always goes through one hole or the other.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00765-00275324-00275695": "Still, to conclude that goes either through one hole or the other when you're not looking", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00766-00275695-00276024": "is to produce an error in prediction.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00767-00276024-00277094": "And that is the logical tightrope on which we have to walk, if we wish to interpret nature.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00768-00277094-00277433": "This proposition that I'm talking about is more general.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00769-00277433-00277697": "It's not just for two holes.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00770-00277697-00277932": "It's a general proposition-- reads something like this.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00771-00277932-00278490": "That the probability of any event in an ideal experiment-- that just means that everything", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00772-00278490-00278995": "is specified as well as it can be-- the probability of an event is the square of something-- which", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00773-00278995-00279450": "I call \"A\" here-- is called the \"probability amplitude.\"", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00774-00279450-00279986": "And when an event can occur in several alternative ways, the probability amplitude, this A number,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00775-00279986-00280462": "is the sum of the As for each of the various alternatives.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00776-00280462-00281035": "And finally, if an experiment is performed which is capable of determining which alternative", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00777-00281035-00281603": "is taken, the probability of the event is the sum of the probabilities for each alternative.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00778-00281603-00281885": "That is, you lose the interference.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00779-00281885-00282115": "Now the question is, how does it really work?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00780-00282115-00282502": "What machinery is actually producing this thing?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00781-00282502-00282883": "Well, nobody knows any machinery.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00782-00282883-00283319": "Nobody can give you a deeper explanation of this phenomenon than I have given.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00783-00283319-00283465": "That as a description of it.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00784-00283465-00284052": "They can give you a wider explanation, in the sense that they can do more examples to", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00785-00284052-00284495": "show how it's impossible to tell which hole it goes and at the same time not destroy the", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00786-00284495-00284634": "interference pattern.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00787-00284634-00285082": "They can give a wider class of experiments than just the two-slit interference experiment,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00788-00285082-00285188": "and so on.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00789-00285188-00285559": "But they're all just repeating the same thing to drive it in.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00790-00285559-00285750": "It's not any deeper; it's only wider.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00791-00285750-00285943": "The mathematics can be made more precise.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00792-00285943-00286311": "You can mention that they're complex numbers instead of real numbers, and a couple of other", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00793-00286311-00286632": "minor points which have nothing to do with the main idea.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00794-00286632-00287018": "And the deep mystery is what I describe.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00795-00287018-00288033": "And no one can go any deeper today, but only wider.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00796-00288033-00288475": "Now I mentioned probabilities in this calculation.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00797-00288475-00289014": "What we're calculating here-- this curve-- is the probability of arrival of an electron.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00798-00289014-00289612": "The question is, is there any way to determine where it really arrives?", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00799-00289612-00290016": "We are not adverse to using the theory of probability-- that is, calculating odds--", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00800-00290016-00290132": "when a situation is very complicated.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00801-00290132-00290660": "You throw up a die, and it spins so many times in the air, with the various resistance and", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00802-00290660-00291148": "atoms and all this complicated business that we're perfectly willing to allow that we don't", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00803-00291148-00291367": "know enough details.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00804-00291367-00291920": "And so we calculate the odds that the thing will come this way or that way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00805-00291920-00292413": "But here what we're proposing, is it not, is that there be probability all the way back", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00806-00292413-00292699": "at the fundamental laws.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00807-00292699-00293039": "That in the fundamental laws of physics, there are odds.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00808-00293039-00293694": "For example, suppose that I have an experiment so set up that with the light out I get this", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00809-00293694-00293944": "interference situation and know that.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00810-00293944-00294468": "Then I'd say that, with the light on, I can't predict through which hole it will go.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00811-00294468-00294784": "I only know that each time I look it will be one hole or the other.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00812-00294784-00295288": "But there is no way to predict ahead of time through which hole it goes.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00813-00295288-00295622": "The future, in other words, is unpredictable.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00814-00295622-00296100": "It is impossible to predict in any way, from any information ahead of time, through which", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00815-00296100-00297012": "the thing will go or which hole it will be seen behind.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00816-00297012-00297417": "That means that physics has kind of given up, if the original purpose was-- (ASIDE)", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00817-00297417-00297939": "and everybody thought it was-- to know enough that in a given situation you could predict", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00818-00297939-00298039": "what's going to happen next.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00819-00298039-00298260": "Given the circumstances, you can predict what happens.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00820-00298260-00298404": "Here are the circumstances.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00821-00298404-00298520": "Source, strong light source.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00822-00298520-00298860": "Tell me which hole-- behind which hole will I see the electron.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00823-00298860-00299259": "You say, well, the reason you can't tell through which hole you're going to see the electron", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00824-00299259-00299566": "is it's determined by some very complicated things, back here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00825-00299566-00300108": "If I knew enough about that electron-- it has internal wheels, internal gears, and so", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00826-00300108-00300527": "forth-- and that this is what determines through which hole it goes.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00827-00300527-00301118": "So it's 50-50 probability, because, like a die, it's set sort of at random.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00828-00301118-00301431": "And that if I were to have studied it carefully enough, your physics is incomplete.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00829-00301431-00301803": "If you get a complete-enough physics, then you'll be able to predict through which hole", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00830-00301803-00301909": "it goes.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00831-00301909-00302177": "That's the \"hidden-variable theory\"-- so called.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00832-00302177-00302388": "Well, that's not possible.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00833-00302388-00302796": "It is not due to a lack of detailed knowledge that we cannot make the prediction.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00834-00302796-00303331": "Because I said that if I didn't turn on the light I should get this interference pattern.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00835-00303331-00303678": "If I have a circumstance in which I get that interference pattern, then it is impossible", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00836-00303678-00303794": "to analyze it, in terms of saying it goes through here or here.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00837-00303794-00304363": "Because that curve is so simple-- mathematically a different thing than the contribution of", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00838-00304363-00304728": "this and this as probabilities.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00839-00304728-00305333": "So if it were possible for you to have determined through which hole it was going to go if I", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00840-00305333-00305810": "had the light on, the fact that I had the light on hasn't got anything to do with it.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00841-00305810-00306201": "Whatever gears there are back here that you observed which permitted you to tell me whether", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00842-00306201-00306722": "it was going to go through 1 or 2, you could have observed if I had the light off.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00843-00306722-00307258": "And therefore you could have told me, with the light off, which hole-- each time an electron", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00844-00307258-00307393": "goes-- which hole it's going to go through.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00845-00307393-00307908": "But if you can do this, then that curve would have to be represented as the sum of those", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00846-00307908-00308269": "that goes through there and those that goes through there.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00847-00308269-00308369": "And it ain't.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00848-00308369-00308761": "And therefore it's impossible to have any information ahead of time as to which hole", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00849-00308761-00309254": "it's going to go through when the light is out-- or when the light is on or out, in a", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00850-00309254-00309672": "circumstance when the experiment is set up that it can produce this interference pattern.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00851-00309672-00310359": "So it is not a lack of unknown gears-- a lack of internal complications-- that make nature", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00852-00310359-00310520": "have probability in it.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00853-00310520-00310771": "It seems to be, in some sense, intrinsic.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00854-00310771-00310924": "Someone has said it this way.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00855-00310924-00311481": "Nature herself doesn't know which way the electron is going to go.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00856-00311481-00312318": "A philosopher once said-- pompously-- (POMPOUSLY) \"It is necessary for the very existence of", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00857-00312318-00312771": "science that the same conditions always produce the same result.\"", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00858-00312771-00313010": "(NORMAL VOICE) Well, they don't.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00859-00313010-00313110": "[LAUGHTER]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00860-00313110-00313581": "You can set up the electrons in any way-- I mean, you set up the circumstance, here,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00861-00313581-00314024": "in the same conditions, every time, and you cannot predict behind which hole you'll see", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00862-00314024-00314648": "the electron.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00863-00314648-00315068": "And yet the science goes on, in spite of it, although the same conditions don't produce", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00864-00315068-00315168": "the same results.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00865-00315168-00315419": "That makes us unhappy that we can't predict exactly what'll happen.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00866-00315419-00315834": "Incidentally, you can make a circumstance which is very dangerous and serious and man", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00867-00315834-00316006": "must know, and still can't predict.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00868-00316006-00316274": "For instance, we could cook up-- although we would rather not-- but we could cook up", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00869-00316274-00316816": "a scheme by which we arrange photo cells so that if it-- one electron's going to go through.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00870-00316816-00317434": "If we see it behind hole number 1, we set off the atomic bomb and start World War III.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00871-00317434-00318242": "If we see it behind hole 2, we just make peace feelers-- and delay the war a little longer.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00872-00318242-00318342": "[STUDENTS CHUCKLING]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00873-00318342-00318807": "Then the thing is that the future of man would then be dependent upon something which no", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00874-00318807-00319134": "amount of science can predict.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00875-00319134-00319520": "[INAUDIBLE] the future is unpredictable.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00876-00319520-00319956": "What is necessary for the very existence of science and so forth, and what the characteristics", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00877-00319956-00320318": "of nature are, are not to be determined by pompous preconditions.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00878-00320318-00320798": "They are determined, always, by the material with which we work-- by nature herself.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00879-00320798-00321095": "We look and we see what we find.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00880-00321095-00321555": "And we cannot say ahead of time-- successfully-- what it's going to look like.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00881-00321555-00322086": "The most reasonable possibilities turn out often not be the situation.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00882-00322086-00322690": "What is necessary for the very existence of science is just the ability to experiment,", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00883-00322690-00323141": "the honesty in reporting results-- the results must be reported without somebody saying what", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00884-00323141-00323475": "they'd like the results to have had been, rather than [INAUDIBLE].", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00885-00323475-00323982": "And finally, an important thing is the intelligence to interpret the results but-- important point", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00886-00323982-00324556": "about this intelligence is-- that it should not be sure ahead of time about what must", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00887-00324556-00324656": "be.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00888-00324656-00325012": "Now it can be prejudiced and say \"that's very unlikely.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00889-00325012-00325256": "I don't like that.\"", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00890-00325256-00325438": "Prejudice is different than absolute certainty.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00891-00325438-00325555": "I don't mean absolute prejudice; just bias.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00892-00325555-00325883": "But not strict bias.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00893-00325883-00325987": "Not complete prejudice.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00894-00325987-00326298": "As long as you're biased, it doesn't make any difference.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00895-00326298-00326764": "Because if the fact is true, there will be a perpetual accumulation of experiments that", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00896-00326764-00327226": "perpetually will annoy you until they cannot be disregarded anymore.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00897-00327226-00327630": "Only can be disregarded if you're absolutely sure, ahead of time, of some precondition", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00898-00327630-00327835": "that science has to have.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00899-00327835-00328520": "In fact, it is necessary for the very existence of science that minds exist which do not allow", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00900-00328520-00328940": "that nature must satisfy some preconceived conditions like those of our philosopher.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00901-00328940-00329040": "Thank you.", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00902-00329040-00329140": "[APPLAUSE]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00903-00329140-00329240": "[CARILLON PLAYING \"FAR ABOVE CAYUGA'S WATERS\"]", "s8ve_0LG4AQ-00904-00329240-00329240": "[CARILLON ENDS]"}}, {"audio_id": "s8eJ7scE6fA", "text": {"s8eJ7scE6fA-00000-00000008-00000512": "i have been working through a lot of my works in progress projects lately and i've been able", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00001-00000512-00001104": "to add so many new things to my closet this wool miniskirt not withstanding but before", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00002-00001104-00001528": "i get into the details of the pattern i have to show the journey that this", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00003-00001528-00001952": "fabric has been on to help me get through my unfinished projects i decided to let", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00004-00001952-00002600": "fate help pick which patterns i would be working on i have something called decision fatigue if", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00005-00002600-00003056": "the decision is too difficult or overwhelming for me then i just give up on making a decision at all", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00006-00003112-00003640": "so i wrote down all the projects on note cards and have been randomly drawing one every day and", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00007-00003640-00004280": "documenting the progress on my tick tock here's the video that i made for this wool skirt hi you", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00008-00004280-00005096": "guys welcome back it's day eight of the unfinished project challenge day eight of a lot so let's", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00009-00005096-00005952": "get into it let's draw randomly which unfinished project i'm gonna be working on today oh i got two", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00010-00006232-00006688": "i'll always wonder what that one was this is work in progress two which means it's one of the ones", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00011-00006688-00007384": "from the bin let me go grab it okay this is gonna be a good one from what i remember this is like", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00012-00007384-00008328": "a little cape jacket uh i think the fabric so pretty right i love like an unconventional plaid", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00013-00008328-00009168": "situation i think it's wool and it looks like the pattern is mccall's 7051 i do not have the", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00014-00009168-00009720": "pattern here i do not have the instructions here so i've got to go find that somewhere before i", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00015-00009720-00010384": "can do anything we have a serious problem okay so this is very clearly like a wool fabric it has no", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00016-00010384-00011328": "stretch no give and this is the pattern what was i thinking i there's no way i wanted to make a wool", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00017-00011328-00012160": "top that makes no sense and what's even more weird is that the sleeves are cut to be short sleeves", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00018-00012352-00013247": "huh like what i don't know what to do um this is all scrap so that gives me a little bit of hope", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00019-00013247-00014232": "that i can like salvage this and turn it into like a little coat but i genuinely cannot figure out", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00020-00014232-00014791": "what i was planning on doing with this i've been on quite a journey today but what i ended up doing", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00021-00014791-00015368": "was cutting it all up into a completely different pattern i ended up making mccall", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00022-00015368-00016176": "7438 which is this little mini skirt pattern and guys it is minnie it is very very short like i", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00023-00016176-00016792": "can't bend over this is a stand-up only outfit um but i think given what i had to work with", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00024-00016912-00017624": "it's going to be fine right so as you can see it was initially cut to be some sort of top which", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00025-00017624-00018344": "is still so confusing to me so the fact that i was able to turn that into this skirt makes me", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00026-00018344-00018960": "really happy i'm going to be showing you all sorts of angles of the skirt and talking a lot about fit", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00027-00018960-00019456": "the fabric i use the pattern instructions hacks and alterations i made and anything", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00028-00019456-00020032": "i'll do differently when i make another one in this video be sure to like it though so other", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00029-00020032-00020536": "people will see it subscribe and click the bell if you want to be notified every time i post a video", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00030-00020536-00021064": "videos highlighting my makes and sewing pattern reviews go up every monday i already have dozens", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00031-00021064-00021504": "for you to watch if you need a little binge sesh check out the playlist in the top right", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00032-00021504-00021936": "corner of your screen it opens in a new tab so you won't lose your place here i promise", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00033-00022000-00022512": "if you're new here i'm lindsay i sew all my own clothes and basically just come on here and talk", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00034-00022512-00023008": "about it so i don't annoy the heck out of my friends and family i am so glad you found me", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00035-00023008-00023424": "please be sure to introduce yourself in the comments so i can give you a formal welcome", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00036-00023536-00024272": "the pattern is mccall's 7438 and it is described as a semi-fitted below waist skirt that has a", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00037-00024272-00025032": "contour waistband back zipper and stitched hem view a features an overlay view b has front pleats", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00038-00025032-00025800": "with decorative buttons view c has a center front pleat and view d has self fringe this pattern is", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00039-00025800-00026472": "out of print now but there are some available on etsy and if you haven't seen fringe is everything", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00040-00026472-00027208": "right now this skirt is dollars and made from faux leather which you know isn't super expensive so", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00041-00027208-00027927": "i see a vue d in my future this version though is you see with the center front pleat because i was", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00042-00027927-00028464": "just trying to salvage this work in progress and also trying to do it within a day i did take some", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00043-00028464-00029208": "creative liberties first i cut the largest size of the pattern which is a 22 that is one to two", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00044-00029208-00029792": "sizes bigger than my hips and four sizes bigger than my waist but i did not want to fit around", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00045-00029792-00030344": "with getting that waistband to fit perfectly and doing the zipper on wool especially considering", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00046-00030344-00031080": "i wasn't even sure that this make would work out consider it an extreme wearable muslin so to get", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00047-00031080-00031648": "the waistband to fit i just added two channels to the back waistband and inserted two pieces", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00048-00031648-00032288": "of elastic in them it's definitely an interesting choice considering the fabric but i don't hate it", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00049-00032288-00032960": "it kind of adds to the casual nature of this skirt and fabric i did though have the wherewithal to", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00050-00032960-00033544": "not add elastic to the front of the waistband i did not want any bulk in that area my body does", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00051-00033544-00034144": "a good enough job of that on its own so i get all the benefits of an elastic waist skirt but a", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00052-00034144-00034872": "clean look of a flat front best of both worlds the fabric is a wool or more likely a wool blend that", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00053-00034872-00035472": "i got several years ago i can't remember where i got it from online somewhere but i remember loving", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00054-00035472-00036152": "the fact that it was clearly a cool weather fabric but with unconventional colors i love plaids they", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00055-00036152-00036744": "give a nod to a few different seasons in one it means i can wear this skirt multiple months and", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00056-00036744-00037296": "it not seem out of place if i wear it during the fall the colors seem fall like if i wear it during", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00057-00037296-00038096": "the winter the substrate seems winter like and so um the timing is always right to wear this skirt", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00058-00038184-00038712": "the pattern did not call for a lining but since it was wool i knew i would be uncomfortable if i", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00059-00038712-00039424": "did not line the whole thing i also used a lining fabric for the waistband facing so as to not add", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00060-00039424-00040136": "a ton of extra bulk to that area the waistband facing is sewn as instructed but the skirt lining", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00061-00040136-00040832": "is actually attached at the waist and the hem i just sewed it to the hem first under stitched", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00062-00040832-00041568": "that seam pressed it inside the skirt and then sandwiched that raw edge into the waistband seams", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00063-00041696-00042280": "so the skirt is pretty short which i acknowledge in the tick tock wearing it with tights definitely", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00064-00042280-00042768": "helps but if i want to make other versions to wear without tights i will need to adjust that", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00065-00042824-00043360": "i think that adding a little bit of length all around will help but so would a full seat", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00066-00043360-00043944": "adjustment in the back so i will do that too also with a little more time on my hands i'll be able", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00067-00043944-00044576": "to use my fast fit system to find the perfect size for the waistband and be able to make a", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00068-00044576-00045216": "fitted one without an elastic casing if you don't know my fast fit system is a little guide that", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00069-00045216-00045792": "i created and i use all the time to figure out which size of a pattern to cut factoring in design", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00070-00045792-00046480": "and wearing ease it takes a lot of the guesswork out of picking a size you can download it from my", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00071-00046480-00047000": "website and i have linked it in the description box for you i've also linked my most recent", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00072-00047000-00047720": "pattern review that was for mccall's 8218 if you want to see what else i've been sewing lately and", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00073-00047720-00048432": "if you want to keep up with my unfinished project challenge be sure to follow me on tik tok but that", "s8eJ7scE6fA-00074-00048432-00048960": "is going to do it for me today thank you so much for watching and i will see you all very soon bye"}}, {"audio_id": "s99aKBK0Apu", "text": {"s99aKBK0Apu-00000-00000600-00000900": "Lines"}}, {"audio_id": "sqg48-Fi1R0", "text": {"sqg48-Fi1R0-00000-00000103-00000653": "イギリスでは、”ボブはあなたの叔父さん”って 言い回しがあるんだけど、", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00001-00000660-00001193": "今日は”ブーツはあなたの叔父さん”の方が しっくりきたな。", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00002-00001206-00002123": "田口、実力のある選手だと思ってるのかもしれないが、 俺にはただのナンプティー(間抜け)に見えた。", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00003-00002133-00002603": "俺の方が頭がいい。", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00004-00002626-00003363": "これで悪党の俺様が5連勝だ。", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00005-00003370-00003686": "いや、5勝か？4勝か？", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00006-00003696-00003946": "クソ、まだ4勝か。", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00007-00003950-00004183": "間違えた。後で編集してくれる？", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00008-00004183-00004540": "これで悪党の俺様が4勝だ。", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00009-00004546-00005033": "ナンプティーハンターの巻き返しだ。", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00010-00005033-00005523": "ゴールドバーグやアンダーテイカーにも迫る勢いだ。", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00011-00005523-00005903": "４連勝だ！すごいだろ！", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00012-00005910-00006650": "オスプレイ、ナンプティーハンターに 捕まってしまわないか、ヒヤヒヤしてることだろう。", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00013-00006656-00007153": "優勝が近づいて来た。", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00014-00007156-00007903": "そしてウィル、お前のベルトを奪ってやる。", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00015-00007923-00008620": "それから首を折ってやる！", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00016-00008783-00008923": "ブーツ、ありがとな。", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00017-00009096-00009463": "He knew it. He knew it.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00018-00009896-00010293": "He knew to take off his shoes!", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00019-00010483-00010643": "He got me.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00020-00011613-00012056": "It can't be helped,  the referee missed his tap-out.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00021-00012186-00012666": "It’s over, there's no use in complaining.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00022-00012996-00013576": "But the point is...  The shoe laces...", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00023-00013716-00014223": "I went to grab his ankle,  and his shoe laces were untied...", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00024-00014363-00014593": "And I saw that.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00025-00014850-00015446": "I was yanking and yanking, and I yanked too hard.  I've seen this before...", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00026-00015586-00016273": "Eddie Guerrero did this. Eddie Guerrero did this.  Eddie Guerrero did this.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00027-00016350-00016763": "I have shoes like Eddie Guerrero's...", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00028-00016983-00017850": "And I got the moves of Eddie Guerrero.  So, why... Why...", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00029-00017946-00018820": "He got me. It's over. It's over.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00030-00019210-00020100": "I shouldn’t have yanked so much,  I would have won if I didn't.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00031-00020410-00021410": "It's okay to yank a little,  but you shouldn't yank too much.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00032-00021523-00022233": "I pulled them off. I didn’t think they would  come off. I yanked and yanked...", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00033-00022240-00022493": "I yanked.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00034-00022833-00022940": "Crap.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00035-00022953-00023283": "It’s all over. Can’t be helped.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00036-00023380-00023623": "It can't be helped", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00037-00024006-00024266": "I did this. I did this.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00038-00024326-00024846": "It can't be helped.  He rolled me up", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00039-00025033-00025126": "Damn.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00040-00025686-00025766": "Damn.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00041-00025916-00026130": "It’s all over. It's all over.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00042-00026236-00026713": "There's another match tomorrow, but...", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00043-00026826-00027496": "I'll be the first one to prepare for next year,  before anyone else.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00044-00027600-00027866": "I will.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00045-00027873-00028270": "One year. One year.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00046-00028383-00028826": "I'll go from 90 kg to 87 kg.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00047-00028850-00029226": "A year is enough time to lose 3 kgs.", "sqg48-Fi1R0-00048-00029493-00029683": "It can't be helped."}}, {"audio_id": "sqCL8PbQFDc", "text": {"sqCL8PbQFDc-00000-00000000-00000096": "Hey, everyone!", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00001-00000096-00000371": "This is week 14 and this is our weekly update.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00002-00000428-00000732": "This week we will be starting UNIT 4: Ecology", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00003-00000788-00000968": "So, since we finished UNIT 3, please", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00004-00001064-00001486": "Take note that your unit 3 Journal reflection entry will ...", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00005-00001486-00001719": "be do this Saturday April 17th.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00006-00001772-00001968": "By 11:59 p.m..", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00007-00002108-00002148": "Eastern Standard Time", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00008-00002200-00002472": "Also due this week is module k.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00009-00002528-00002632": "Chapter 19.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00010-00002700-00002976": "Population and Community ecology.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00011-00003032-00003267": "Let's go ahead and take a look at the assignment ...", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00012-00003267-00003539": "schedule together to see what is due by this Saturday.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00013-00003611-00003932": "So I have shared my screen with you and you can see ...", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00014-00003932-00004268": "that we are now in UNIT 4 ecology and the first unit.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00015-00004380-00004504": "or Module in this UNIT", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00016-00004580-00004660": "is Module K", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00017-00004712-00004952": "Populations and Community ecology.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00018-00005016-00005208": "If we click on our chapter resource folder.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00019-00005260-00005610": "Access are assignment checklist we will briefly go ...", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00020-00005610-00005911": "over everything that's due by this weekend.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00021-00005984-00006444": "We see with chapter 19 we have four individual lessons ...", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00022-00006444-00006833": "so we have four voiceThread watch attendance ...", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00023-00006833-00007027": "assignments and four.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00024-00007104-00007400": "Quick Check quizzes at the end of each lesson.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00025-00007476-00007858": "We also have three visual or ART connection questions ...", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00026-00007858-00008199": "these are discussion board posts where you get a ...", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00027-00008199-00008590": "chance to interact with your peers please make sure you ...", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00028-00008590-00009015": "comment on the original question found within each figure.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00029-00009080-00009360": "And comment on one of your classmates.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00030-00009484-00009792": "Also you have a critical thinking question do.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00031-00009892-00010274": "And as always we have our end of chapter test and end ...", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00032-00010274-00010419": "of chapter survey.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00033-00010480-00010902": "All these items are due by April 17th at 11:59 p.m.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00034-00010902-00011107": "Eastern Standard Time.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00035-00011164-00011700": "That concludes the weekly update for week 14 again we just started.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00036-00011760-00011800": "UNIT 4", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00037-00011852-00011936": "Ecology.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00038-00012000-00012380": "Therefore your unit 3 evolution and the diversity of life.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00039-00012436-00012648": "Journal reflective peace will be due.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00040-00012728-00012828": "at the end of this week", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00041-00012904-00013184": "April 17th 11:59 p.m..", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00042-00013291-00013336": "Eastern standard time", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00043-00013396-00013797": "If anyone has any questions comments or concerns.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00044-00013797-00013911": "please, email", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00045-00013963-00014080": "Call my office.", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00046-00014163-00014612": "using the correct extension or schedule a virtual meeting using OnceHub", "sqCL8PbQFDc-00047-00014712-00014944": "Have a great week ahead we'll talk soon."}}, {"audio_id": "sqCOWOO2lkE", "text": {"sqCOWOO2lkE-00000-00000022-00000583": "Listen carefully, the line that you are going to speak, neither this line is very short but it means very long", "sqCOWOO2lkE-00001-00000633-00000826": "The one who said yesterday day is gone", "sqCOWOO2lkE-00002-00000876-00001143": "And whoever said yesterday, the year has passed", "sqCOWOO2lkE-00003-00001193-00001415": "And whoever said today did the same thing", "sqCOWOO2lkE-00004-00001415-00001710": "Whoever said today did the same thing"}}, {"audio_id": "sqQwLNBA_oQ", "text": {"sqQwLNBA_oQ-00000-00000714-00000874": "Juhi Chawla: But, Sadhguruji,", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00001-00000874-00001191": "suppose we say this to the common man,", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00002-00001191-00001345": "who has a little house", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00003-00001345-00001538": "Sadhguru: Where did you meet a common man?", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00004-00001538-00001791": "Juhi Chawla:(Laughs). I’m imagining it,", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00005-00001791-00001907": "that you know,", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00006-00001907-00002078": "they have so many chores to do in a day", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00007-00002078-00002250": "Sadhguru: No, what I’m, saying is", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00008-00002250-00002600": "every… every man or woman think they’re special, believe me", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00009-00002600-00002674": "Juhi Chawla: Oh yes.", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00010-00002674-00002711": "Sadhguru: Yes.", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00011-00002711-00002908": "So where did you meet a common man, I’m asking (Laughter).", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00012-00002908-00003033": "Juhi Chawla: Oh!", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00013-00003347-00003561": "I will come to this as well actually.", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00014-00003561-00003694": "I want to ask you this.", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00015-00003694-00003872": "Now, I’m talking about a household", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00016-00003872-00004179": "where people have to literally go to work every day,", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00017-00004179-00004340": "to pay their rents, you know", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00018-00004340-00004514": "children have to be educated,", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00019-00004514-00004717": "food has to be on the table.", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00020-00004717-00004904": "They are busy morning to night –", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00021-00004904-00005021": "they go to office,", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00022-00005021-00005308": "maybe their boss is not pleasant with them,", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00023-00005308-00005567": "they come home – maybe they have a little tiff with their wife,", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00024-00005567-00006048": "the children have their own little wants and you know demands", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00025-00006048-00006375": "and… Dealing with so much,", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00026-00006375-00006769": "how can they keep reminding themselves that you know", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00027-00006769-00007011": "it’s all in my mind and I have to be", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00028-00007011-00007346": "Sadhguru: No, no, no, first they have to know this,", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00029-00007346-00007576": "these are all the things", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00030-00007576-00007849": "these are all not punishment imposed upon them", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00031-00007849-00008082": "these are all the things that they always wanted.", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00032-00008082-00008382": "They wanted a job and they got it.", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00033-00008382-00008472": "Juhi Chawla: Yes.", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00034-00008472-00008695": "Sadhguru: They wanted a wife or a husband, they got it.", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00035-00008695-00008852": "They wanted children, they got it.", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00036-00008852-00009221": "They wanted a car in which they’re stuck in the traffic jam (Laughter),", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00037-00009221-00009307": "okay.", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00038-00009307-00009394": "Juhi Chawla: Yes.", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00039-00009394-00009639": "Sadhguru: I’m saying these are all things that they wanted.", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00040-00009639-00009805": "So they must understand,", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00041-00009805-00010201": "if their dreams come true, they are a big mess (Laughter/Applause).", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00042-00010712-00010999": "Juhi Chawla: Yes, actually I have heard this–", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00043-00010999-00011201": "“Be careful what you ask for,", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00044-00011201-00011559": "because you might get it” and yes we’ve all got it.", "sqQwLNBA_oQ-00045-00011559-00012178": "Sadhguru: So they’re complaining about things that have worked in their life (Laughter)."}}, {"audio_id": "sqTgF93zkNc", "text": {"sqTgF93zkNc-00000-00000000-00000300": "Hello, i am Dino", "sqTgF93zkNc-00001-00000400-00001400": "Today's my birthday", "sqTgF93zkNc-00002-00001600-00002000": "I have not yet received any gifts.", "sqTgF93zkNc-00003-00002000-00003400": "sniffle", "sqTgF93zkNc-00004-00003850-00004100": "Hey, it's me. Leni.", "sqTgF93zkNc-00005-00004150-00004400": "Happy Birthday, Dino.", "sqTgF93zkNc-00006-00004450-00004600": "I have something for you.", "sqTgF93zkNc-00007-00004750-00005700": "A gift!", "sqTgF93zkNc-00008-00008000-00008400": "The end.", "sqTgF93zkNc-00009-00008400-00008800": "- Synced and corrected by xxx^hjb -"}}, {"audio_id": "sr2tDg4l9wg", "text": {"sr2tDg4l9wg-00000-00000000-00000389": "I'm really really really trying not trying to sound overly dramatic but I", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00001-00000389-00000986": "was honestly debating on making this video for like a while after I watch the", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00002-00000986-00001392": "last episode the enemies of Jake Paul by Shane Dawson with Nick Crompton because of the ending and", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00003-00001392-00001898": "Kati Morton is coming back and this is actually a really really serious subject", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00004-00001898-00002336": "which is why I was debating on talking about it but I think I can do it in the", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00005-00002336-00002978": "right way but we really need to talk about mental health ethics because if I", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00006-00002978-00003570": "bring Kati a therapist with us and she's there too whole time I don't think he's", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00007-00003570-00003909": "going to be like themselves I don't think he's gonna be comfortable I think", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00008-00003909-00004421": "he's going to be kind of a fake so I came up with a plan and it sounds really", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00009-00004421-00005810": "shitty the plan is I'm gonna have Katie pretend to be and she's going to be with", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00010-00005810-00006533": "us the whole day watching listening analyzing Jake's seeing what he's like", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00011-00006533-00007002": "when the camera turns off and then throughout the day she's gonna take me", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00012-00007002-00007320": "it's a jail have no idea and I will go to the other room and I'll just be like", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00013-00007320-00008535": "how's it going what do you think what is up everybody this is Chris from the", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00014-00008535-00008954": "rewired soul where we talk about the problem but focus on the solution and if", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00015-00008954-00009311": "you're new to my channel my channel is all about mental health and helping you", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00016-00009311-00009650": "improve your mental health so if you're into that kind of stuff make sure you", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00017-00009650-00010028": "subscribe and ring that notification bell so let's talk about ethics real", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00018-00010028-00010631": "quick like with my ethics and with my morals and my values like I feel that I", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00019-00010631-00011058": "would be doing my audience a disservice if I didn't make a video on this alright", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00020-00011058-00011453": "I know a lot of you who subscribe to my channel you know you care about mental", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00021-00011453-00011850": "health you care about your mental health or the mental health of others a very", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00022-00011850-00012602": "serious topic is ethics in the mental health field so when I saw the ending of", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00023-00012602-00013073": "the enemies of Jake Paul they're showing a preview for the next episode and I saw", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00024-00013073-00013547": "you know what Shane was talking about with Katie morning my oh my god like I", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00025-00013547-00013872": "was on my livestream if any of you want to check it out it'll be linked up in", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00026-00013872-00014325": "the info card but like my jaw was on the floor and you can see me going through", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00027-00014325-00014865": "this process and talking like should I make a video on this because if if they", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00028-00014865-00015326": "go through with this this can potentially lead to a lot of really bad", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00029-00015326-00015860": "things and it could be really unethical so before I really dive into this video", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00030-00015860-00016270": "I want to say a few things okay", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00031-00016520-00017129": "nothing's happened yet this is this is speculation okay so if I am wrong or", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00032-00017129-00017628": "whatever happens I swear to you I will make a follow-up video to discuss this", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00033-00017628-00017826": "okay because if any of you have been watching", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00034-00017826-00018312": "me for at least a week or two you know that I'm I love and respect Kati Morton", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00035-00018312-00018731": "I think she is an amazing therapist I don't think that a lot of back laughs", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00036-00018731-00019284": "that came her way was fair but if this plays out the way that Shane is saying", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00037-00019284-00019620": "it's going to play out then I really gotta take a step back and look at it", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00038-00019620-00020013": "but like I said I'm not going to accuse her of anything I'm gonna try really", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00039-00020013-00020490": "really hard to watch how I speak about this because", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00040-00020490-00020880": "even me you know claiming that she is doing", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00041-00020880-00021387": "something unethical is not good but I think you know what I try to do with my", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00042-00021387-00021729": "channel I try to take things that are happening in the YouTube community and", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00043-00021729-00022215": "pop culture to try to teach you about mental health right so for any of you", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00044-00022215-00022701": "out there who are looking for you know therapy or if any of you are you know", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00045-00022701-00023040": "have a loved one who's looking for a therapy like it's really important that", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00046-00023040-00023412": "you know about ethics and what your rights are as a client or as a patient", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00047-00023412-00023928": "or whatever it is so this is a great opportunity to discuss these things so", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00048-00023928-00024360": "before I jump into this really cool guest appearance I have I want to say so", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00049-00024360-00025410": "right now and credentials so currently I'm pursuing my CADC what that is is a", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00050-00025410-00025823": "certified alcohol and drug counselor all right I should be certified by the", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00051-00025823-00026370": "beginning of 2019 right now the class I'm taking is about", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00052-00026370-00026829": "ethics and legal stuff so ethics is like really in the forefront of my mind right", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00053-00026829-00027195": "now I've been working in the mental health industry for a little over three", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00054-00027195-00027683": "years now and ethics is something that I always take very seriously one of them", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00055-00027683-00028056": "is because not only am i recovering alcoholic and addict but I've struggled", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00056-00028056-00028514": "with mental health issues depression anxiety you know all sorts of stuff so", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00057-00028514-00028986": "like ethics is really important for me like I really truly care about everybody", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00058-00028986-00029547": "who I help everybody who's coming into treatment and all that so like this is a", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00059-00029547-00030066": "really important subject for me so when I watch that video and at the ending I", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00060-00030066-00030774": "was like you know what like I'm currently not the best at you know I", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00061-00030774-00031295": "think yet Kati obviously knows way more than me with her experience but you know", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00062-00031295-00031632": "who knows more than me and katie is my mama", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00063-00031632-00032333": "my mom is dr. Terry F Randazzo she has a PhD in psychology and she has been in", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00064-00032333-00032766": "the field for over a decade now alright so I was like I don't know all the", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00065-00032766-00033128": "answers so what I wanted to do was I wanted to call my mom", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00066-00033128-00033461": "like mom I don't even know if I should make this video and it's really funny", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00067-00033461-00033803": "you'll see like my mom's like wait what's going on she's really confused", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00068-00033803-00034118": "but I want to be hear from somebody who's been in the industry for this long", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00069-00034118-00034526": "and my mom me and my mom are very similar and my mom is a recovering", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00070-00034526-00034901": "alcoholic she's coming up on 13 years sober like ethics are very important to", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00071-00034901-00035372": "her too so I knew that she would be the exact person to ask about this so I", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00072-00035372-00035687": "recorded my phone call with my mom she knew I was recording it so it wasn't", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00073-00035687-00036428": "like secretive but I have a few tricks up my sleeve", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00074-00036428-00036916": "all right so please give a warm welcome to my mother dr. Carrie F Randazzo and", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00075-00036916-00037862": "yeah here it goes okay so okay so I'm gonna just kind of give you like a brief", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00076-00037862-00038341": "overview of this story I'm trying to make a video for my youtube channel so", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00077-00038341-00038945": "basically they're there they're gonna interview this guy but they're they're", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00078-00038945-00039209": "worried that he won't be real with them they're trying to find out if there's a", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00079-00039209-00039686": "sociopath or not you know whatever but anyways they featured a licensed", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00080-00039686-00040400": "therapist in Episode two okay now they're afraid the people interviewing", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00081-00040400-00040769": "this guy okay so they talked about sociopaths in episode two", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00082-00040769-00041075": "well now they're going to meet they're going to meet this guy in the next", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00083-00041075-00041606": "episode but he wants to bring the therapist with him so the concern is is", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00084-00041606-00041978": "that this guy's not going to be real or honest if he knows this woman is a", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00085-00041978-00042764": "therapist so what they're what they're talking about doing is bringing her but", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00086-00042764-00043358": "saying that she's a producer and not a therapist so like my question is is that", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00087-00043358-00043826": "like unethical because she's like trying to get like a diagnosis all right", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00088-00043826-00045374": "like is that unethical yes No so you don't know what would you say it's", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00089-00045374-00045734": "unethical for her to give a diagnosis if this guy did not know that she was like", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00090-00045734-00046030": "evaluating him", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00091-00050470-00050948": "like trying to get to the bottom of the series's is this guy a sociopath you", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00092-00050948-00051667": "know what I mean so they're trying to do it and like why I'm asking you the", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00093-00051667-00052397": "questions here mom no no it's just is this like millionaire youtuber the", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00094-00052397-00056234": "guy's name is Jay Paul millions of dollars introduced a producer so he does", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00095-00056234-00056509": "not know that she is a", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00096-00057720-00058388": "Senor not opposing to get on TV and diagnosed she is committing that is", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00097-00058388-00059504": "illegal to do I think because we could cause her harm so do you think do you", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00098-00059504-00061176": "think that that would cause him harm say they say they do yeah so would you think", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00099-00061176-00061601": "it was deceptive if like what if they got the arm what do they got consent", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00100-00061601-00064287": "afterwards like oh surprise she was a fair passed yeah if you were today and", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00101-00064287-00064707": "she says listen I'm not giving up my diagnosis but based on this it sounds", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00102-00064707-00065049": "like you might be a sociopath like things like that could even cause him", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00103-00065049-00069204": "home doctor but but yeah like I'm glad I talked to", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00104-00069204-00069581": "her about it and just see you all know she sent me a text later my mom's like", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00105-00069581-00069935": "me or so I think about something even more than might have more to say and my", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00106-00069935-00070310": "mom sent me a follow-up text that says the more I think about it it is", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00107-00070310-00070635": "unethical dot dot dot major so what my mom's", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00108-00070635-00071144": "bringing up is like can it cause the person harm right and yeah so we don't", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00109-00071144-00071519": "know how this is going to play out yet we don't we don't know and I just want", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00110-00071519-00072047": "to make that clear again for any of you who ignored my disclaimer okay but if if", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00111-00072047-00072602": "they go through with this it is unethical like it's it's not okay it's", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00112-00072602-00073178": "not okay to secretly do this like I was giving I gave Kati Morton so many props", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00113-00073178-00073502": "like you know either even though people hear what they want to hear Kati Morton", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00114-00073502-00073955": "was not giving anybody a diagnosis in Episode two no diagnosis whatsoever and", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00115-00073955-00074474": "she states that it would be unethical for her to do so right so if she went in", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00116-00074474-00075197": "there as a secret therapist math as a producer it would have been really", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00117-00075197-00075641": "really unethical because if she comes back even if she said and even if she", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00118-00075641-00076076": "said like you know based on what I saw yeah you know he could be like even that", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00119-00076076-00076623": "is unethical a lot of trouble like I say these things like I just don't think I", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00120-00076623-00076848": "don't think that's what it would be I just don't think so", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00121-00076848-00077144": "when it comes to mental health when it comes to mental health or even physical", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00122-00077144-00077504": "health flight no you're right no no what's ethical what's not a psycho like", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00123-00077504-00078044": "like consent is really really important it is extremely important like I can't", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00124-00078044-00078431": "even like take pictures at my facility because even if it shows like the back", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00125-00078431-00078980": "of somebody's head without consent right so like consent is extremely extremely", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00126-00078980-00079664": "important so like my fear about this is that even if even if you know they did", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00127-00079664-00080123": "this or whatever like my concern would be that Katie's reputation in like the", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00128-00080123-00080519": "professional community would be tarnished and like I don't know is she", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00129-00080519-00081026": "you know would she do this for views I just don't I don't know and maybe it's", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00130-00081026-00081260": "just because I like Kati Morton and I always try to check in with myself", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00131-00081260-00081764": "because I you know being someone's fan or liking their content that can you", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00132-00081764-00082279": "know create a bias you know what I mean so like somebody first my girlfriend", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00133-00082279-00082975": "texted me so no no there's ending what is it like she finished it before me I", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00134-00082975-00083575": "was talking to her I'm like oh my god like I don't know I hope they don't but", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00135-00083575-00083947": "my girl was saying that you know there's gonna look bad on shade and so I wanna", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00136-00083947-00084283": "make this clear so when it comes and stuff like that like Shane would be", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00137-00084283-00084682": "nowhere at fault in this so if they did go through with this and this is the way", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00138-00084682-00084904": "it played out Shane would not be at fault", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00139-00084904-00085273": "Shane is not the professional Shane is not the licensed therapist in the", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00140-00085273-00085876": "situation so Shane is not expected to know better now if he ends up doing like", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00141-00085876-00086254": "you know secret recordings of hidden camera stuff I don't know the legal", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00142-00086254-00086482": "issues with that in the state of California or whatever", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00143-00086482-00086992": "but if this happens like if there were legal ramifications they would be all on", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00144-00086992-00087502": "Katie and you know she could lose her license or whatever the case is so Shane", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00145-00087502-00087736": "would be in the clear on that because Shane's not expected to know any better", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00146-00087736-00089065": "I will say this you know after the first episode or even the second episode he", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00147-00089065-00089506": "knew everything he said Shane told him everything literally everything so what", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00148-00089506-00089875": "I'm hoping is is that maybe this is overdramatize maybe they're just you", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00149-00089875-00090379": "know doing this for a show or whatever and Jake knows and all that and if", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00150-00090379-00090790": "that's the case like cool kind of cool because you're still not really gonna", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00151-00090790-00091245": "have good to pitch in but I am gonna make two more videos about that episode", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00152-00091245-00091666": "but I think I think Shane's just realizing that Jake is just a person and", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00153-00091666-00092407": "maybe a person this is an important subject I know some of you are seeking", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00154-00092407-00092788": "mental health help and it's important to know and if you have questions about", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00155-00092788-00093166": "ethics and stuff like that like leave them down in the comments if I don't", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00156-00093166-00093487": "know I'll try to steer you in the right direction but it's important to know", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00157-00093487-00093943": "these things like I hope you are all aware those of you in the United States", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00158-00093943-00094330": "this thing called HIPAA okay like you have rights as a patient where they", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00159-00094330-00094807": "cannot disclose you know confidential information about you like this is", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00160-00094807-00095101": "really really important stuff so again like", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00161-00095101-00095629": "hope I did this video justice I'm not accusing Katie event anything I hope", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00162-00095629-00096022": "this is all just a show I hope when we see the next episode I hope they say", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00163-00096022-00096448": "never mind we're not gonna do that like I hope that you know if Shane", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00164-00096448-00096907": "wanted to do this I hope they show Katie saying no that's unethical we cannot do", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00165-00096907-00097318": "that this is just kind of what I hope happens or that it's fake but even if", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00166-00097318-00097777": "it's still things like I said it might damage Katie's reputation but anyways I", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00167-00097777-00098221": "would love to know your thoughts if you have any experiences that might be", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00168-00098221-00098512": "interesting too if you have any experiences you want to share in the", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00169-00098512-00098992": "comments below about experience you've had whether with mental healthcare or", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00170-00098992-00099376": "your physical health experiences with things that were unethical like let's", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00171-00099376-00099763": "have a conversation about it it's a porn to know this because I'm somebody who", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00172-00099763-00100078": "used to hate doctors and medical professionals and mental health", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00173-00100078-00100534": "professionals I didn't trust anybody a lot of trust issues but I try to tell", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00174-00100534-00100852": "people like there's good and there's bad there's good doctors and bad doctors", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00175-00100852-00101338": "good therapist and bad therapist but I think just by having a conversation in", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00176-00101338-00101713": "the comments below more people will be educated about this and know like when", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00177-00101713-00102151": "when the right time is to get a different health care professional you", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00178-00102151-00102379": "know what I mean anyways that's all I got for this video", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00179-00102379-00102720": "I will be making more so make sure they stay tuned if you like this video please", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00180-00102720-00103015": "give it a thumbs up and if you're new here I'm always making videos to help", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00181-00103015-00103288": "you out with your mental and emotional well-being make sure you hit that", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00182-00103288-00103588": "subscribe button I ring that notification bell and a huge thank you", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00183-00103588-00103954": "to everybody supporting the channel over on patreon and did you see that cool", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00184-00103954-00104307": "shirt my mom was wearing that is actually a rewired soul shirt and you", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00185-00104307-00104644": "can get it right there in the merch shop by click or tapping on that night all", "sr2tDg4l9wg-00186-00104644-00105105": "right thanks so much for watching I'll see you next time"}}, {"audio_id": "sr7uJQpML8Q", "text": {"sr7uJQpML8Q-00000-00001664-00001852": "Hey, Everybody, Judas Bear Extraordinaire Here", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00001-00001912-00002512": "I'm here today; I've got a great show.  We're gonna do an old meme", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00002-00002545-00002823": "it's from - like three years ago...  five years ago... I don't know.  Ah...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00003-00002824-00003518": "but it's the \"draw my life\" meme, uh, from the YouTube channels.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00004-00003518-00004018": "Lots of people have done this like Zoella and...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00005-00004058-00004234": "Sam Pepper did one i think...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00006-00004266-00004398": "and umm...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00007-00004480-00004782": "Colleen did one... Colleen, did you do... you...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00008-00004838-00004974": "Josh did.one if you didn't", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00009-00005018-00005528": "But anyway we're gonna do this thing... some of you who are", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00010-00005528-00005696": "H 8 R compatible :-(", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00011-00005730-00006180": "are going to leave comments down below to this effect", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00012-00006252-00006310": "I'm a bear.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00013-00006384-00006516": "I don't have any thumbs.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00014-00006580-00006654": "So I can't draw.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00015-00006752-00007094": "So I went through my dad's drawings and I used his stuff", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00016-00007100-00007190": "I made a slide show", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00017-00007198-00007398": "and i did... i did the voice-over myself", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00018-00007436-00007608": "that's all me.  Uh, that is my life.  Uhh...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00019-00007614-00007800": "so I'm gonna share that with you today", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00020-00007850-00008140": "if you don't like the way I did this then I'm sorry...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00021-00008188-00008252": "Again:", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00022-00008280-00008330": "I'm a bear...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00023-00008398-00008484": "no thumbs...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00024-00008543-00008623": "do the math.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00025-00008666-00009010": "but-but please do enjoy and", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00026-00009044-00009268": "without further ado: My Life.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00027-00009652-00010206": "uh HEY!  So I was born in 1999.  I don't remember much about that time because I was just a cub.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00028-00010206-00010434": "But my mom was a Jewish Princess", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00029-00010434-00010640": "and, ah, well, you know my dad.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00030-00010732-00010870": "Mom had to go and fight against", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00031-00010893-00010943": "Santa Claws", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00032-00011010-00011160": "we all remember twelve/twenty-six.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00033-00011276-00011516": "Dad had a meltdown when Mom left and moved us to", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00034-00011516-00011595": "the North Pole", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00035-00011672-00011744": "He - umm...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00036-00011782-00011924": "was tryin' ta... I don't know what he was doin'", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00037-00011956-00012206": "[gibberish about a warzone?}", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00038-00012224-00012532": "Santa kidnapped him and, uh, put him to forced labour.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00039-00012576-00012824": "Fortunately his brother was with the Seraphim", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00040-00012863-00013091": "and he was able to barter a deal with Santa", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00041-00013091-00013222": "and get him released", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00042-00013282-00013569": "at which time dad got a", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00043-00013582-00013663": "new place", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00044-00013678-00013918": "It was a nice little apartment apartment.  We lived there together", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00045-00013994-00014096": "untl Y2K", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00046-00014124-00014334": "Everybody thought the world was going to end;", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00047-00014334-00014476": "computers were going to come alive and", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00048-00014476-00014630": "like... EAT everybody but", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00049-00014641-00015096": "it didn't happen so everything just kinda went on as it was.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00050-00015113-00015701": "But in the mean time Mom kinda went into, ah, I dunno... seclusion or something...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00051-00015701-00015778": "she disappeared", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00052-00015778-00015981": "We think she had some kinda hard time", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00053-00015981-00016317": "and Dad had a hard time with her having a hard time with fighting", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00054-00016332-00016382": "Santa", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00055-00016398-00016508": "We went back to California.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00056-00016552-00016602": "so...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00057-00016660-00017106": "We settled back in the Bay Area in Alameda, where I was born and, ah we, um", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00058-00017142-00017390": "stayed there for a while until Dad got a job", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00059-00017393-00017913": "then we started working our way up the peninsula until we got to San Francisco.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00060-00017956-00018220": "Then we started living at the - uh...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00061-00018280-00018638": "at the Fox Tower there in San Francisco for a while", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00062-00018638-00018832": "which was cursed by Anton LaVey.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00063-00018860-00019237": "it was a really scary place to live and, um", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00064-00019282-00019524": "I had nightmares that kept me awake most nights.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00065-00019542-00019594": "which, ah", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00066-00019665-00020031": "eventually led me to turning to my... ahh...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00067-00020036-00020144": "addiction", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00068-00020144-00020242": "to, uh, gummy candy", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00069-00020346-00020506": "[being-sick noises]", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00070-00020624-00020704": "[gross]", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00071-00020789-00021093": "So the Tower was downtown.  We lived there for about", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00072-00021108-00021174": "a year", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00073-00021192-00021368": "and then we moved to the ghetto,", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00074-00021384-00021642": "we lived there and then we moved BY the ghetto", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00075-00021642-00022064": "and then we moved out to the Sunset, we lived there for quite a while - it was very nice.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00076-00022066-00022254": "And, ah, HERE, briefly", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00077-00022284-00022650": "and then back to the scary tower.  We didn't know that Anton had cursed it yet.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00078-00022678-00022966": "And then we danced down to this ghetto... that was a different one.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00079-00022993-00023119": "And then we went here.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00080-00023126-00023410": "this is where we live now.  This is actually a great place", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00081-00023456-00023846": "we like livin' here, Dad 'n' I both have friends here", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00082-00023846-00024144": "it's a nice house; we have a whole story to ourselves", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00083-00024144-00024520": "and we really dig it, so that's where we live.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00084-00024628-00024708": "and, ahh...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00085-00024796-00024854": "2012!", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00086-00024858-00024917": "that was a big deal", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00087-00024968-00025338": "everybody thought the world was gonna end and that, ahh...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00088-00025338-00025394": "The Maya", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00089-00025394-00025754": "were gonna come back from the dead and eat us all alive", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00090-00025754-00026118": "and a comet was gonna do something...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00091-00026118-00026168": "I dunno.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00092-00026181-00026237": "but, uh,", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00093-00026282-00026366": "I was afraid.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00094-00026412-00026483": "So, ah,", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00095-00026545-00026638": "What did I do?", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00096-00026638-00026689": "Of course:", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00097-00026704-00026856": "ah, I turned to cannibalism ;-)", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00098-00026900-00027036": "[devouring noises]", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00099-00027230-00027286": "[scary]", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00100-00027656-00027706": "* burp *", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00101-00027842-00027892": "* urp *", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00102-00028000-00028189": "So the end of the world thing... it...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00103-00028260-00028310": "well", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00104-00028400-00028450": "didn't happen", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00105-00028518-00028568": "uh...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00106-00028614-00028664": "again.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00107-00028712-00028888": "so, ah, everybody was fine...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00108-00028888-00029082": "we all lived happily ever after", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00109-00029194-00029244": "That's it!", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00110-00029292-00029342": "BAWWW!!!!", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00111-00029364-00029504": "And so, that's pretty much it.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00112-00029504-00029932": "It's - it's 2014 now so you can see we've pretty much got you up to speed", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00113-00029974-00030120": "um... ah...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00114-00030206-00030498": "If you've got any questions... about me...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00115-00030526-00030598": "Judas Bear", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00116-00030598-00030820": "you can leav'm down in the comments below with the, ah,", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00117-00030820-00031033": "H - 8 - R compatible people...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00118-00031080-00031439": "Ah!  I do hope that you are... less than three compatible...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00119-00031447-00031497": "uh...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00120-00031497-00031619": "That's what I am...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00121-00031620-00031745": "I'm <3 compatible...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00122-00031756-00031983": "and, ah, that's... that's a", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00123-00031983-00032033": "heart.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00124-00032092-00032142": "Yeah.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00125-00032164-00032470": "You know that 'cause you guys are already here on the internet, so", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00126-00032470-00032633": "you probably know that better than I do.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00127-00032633-00032683": "Again:", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00128-00032683-00032852": "I'm just a bear; no thumbs.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00129-00032885-00032949": "But-aam,", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00130-00033002-00033524": "Thanks for watching the video.  My dad... he does wanna have a quick word with you.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00131-00033574-00033630": "Just...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00132-00033634-00033758": "y'know, nothing serious...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00133-00033812-00034096": "nothing serious.  He just wants to say \"hello\" and, ah,", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00134-00034096-00034324": "and-and to tell you some exciting stuff... so, ah...", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00135-00034370-00034434": "Here's m' dad.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00136-00034648-00034732": "Thanks, Judas.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00137-00034800-00034922": "Welcome to my splash screen.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00138-00034967-00035023": "You can:", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00139-00035042-00035406": "click here to go to my channel and see what else I've got.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00140-00035406-00035642": "You can go down just below and subscribe.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00141-00035680-00035854": "down below that, if you click on the \"g\"", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00142-00035862-00036050": "that will take you to my g+ page", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00143-00036050-00036320": "you can find a link to my Facebook there", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00144-00036320-00036464": "and on my Main page", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00145-00036494-00036868": "Thanks, everybody, for watching.  If you liked this video please give it a thumbs-up.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00146-00036916-00037262": "If you would like to see more click that subscribe button", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00147-00037312-00037546": "I would like to say a special thank-you to", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00148-00037552-00037704": "Gmcd73", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00149-00037786-00037846": "Pascale", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00150-00037903-00037953": "Jessy", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00151-00037984-00038204": "Especially to Jessy, thanks for all your help with", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00152-00038210-00038372": "this video in particular!", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00153-00038430-00038708": "If you have ideas for further videos", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00154-00038708-00038896": "please leave them in the comments below", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00155-00038896-00039312": "Common ideas that are appropriate will be turned into \"When Bears...\" episodes.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00156-00039337-00039595": "Thanks again for watching and stay tuned.  I'll have more for you.", "sr7uJQpML8Q-00157-00039620-00039820": "Cheers!"}}, {"audio_id": "srw-JyQYoQc", "text": {"srw-JyQYoQc-00001-00000543-00000862": "HOW TO WHITEN SKIN WITH SKIN WHITENING DROPS  |   SKIN CARE"}}, {"audio_id": "srSvaRh5szo", "text": {"srSvaRh5szo-00000-00000003-00000090": "what!! you are a guy!?", "srSvaRh5szo-00001-00000105-00000208": "\"Sawasdee krub\" in thai mean hello,hi", "srSvaRh5szo-00002-00000212-00000290": "[ Laughing ]", "srSvaRh5szo-00003-00000295-00000345": "That's right.", "srSvaRh5szo-00004-00000345-00000527": "i'm a guy or a girl?", "srSvaRh5szo-00005-00000615-00000815": "A few minute later~", "srSvaRh5szo-00006-00001126-00001235": "[ <- Track not detected ]", "srSvaRh5szo-00007-00001235-00001306": "[ <- Track not detected ] Holy shi-", "srSvaRh5szo-00008-00001306-00001425": "[ Track not detected -> ] Holy~", "srSvaRh5szo-00009-00001425-00001481": "[ <- Track detected ]", "srSvaRh5szo-00010-00001481-00001556": "Holy shi-", "srSvaRh5szo-00011-00001556-00001672": "Not a girl no problem.", "srSvaRh5szo-00012-00001672-00001804": "You are cute enough.", "srSvaRh5szo-00013-00001804-00001987": "How did you know.I'm not a girl.", "srSvaRh5szo-00014-00002052-00002102": "Hmm", "srSvaRh5szo-00015-00002122-00002550": "[ Laughing ]", "srSvaRh5szo-00016-00002550-00002630": "Just kidding.", "srSvaRh5szo-00017-00002630-00002719": "\"Sawasdee krub\" in thai mean hello,hi", "srSvaRh5szo-00018-00002727-00002851": "How am i supposed to play it.", "srSvaRh5szo-00019-00002851-00002901": "Mr.Ducknight.", "srSvaRh5szo-00020-00002901-00003000": "You take a responsibility for it!", "srSvaRh5szo-00021-00003195-00003293": "Arghhhhhhhhhh"}}, {"audio_id": "ss5cJEMmRwY", "text": {"ss5cJEMmRwY-00000-00000000-00000699": "Technology has the power to transform student learning. But what happens when it doesn't? What", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00001-00000699-00001194": "happens when that class set of iPads is nothing more than a class set of really expensive digital", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00002-00001194-00001832": "worksheets? The SAMR model tackles these issues with a focus on the intersection of technology and", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00003-00001832-00002469": "pedagogy. This model has four different layers with the first two focusing on enhancing the", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00004-00002469-00003198": "learning task while the next two layers focus on actual transformation. With substitution the", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00005-00003198-00003747": "technology acts as a direct substitute with no significant change. A student typing an", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00006-00003747-00004404": "essay on a computer is merely swapping out paper for a laptop. With augmentation the technology", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00007-00004404-00004995": "acts as a substitution with some functional improvement. So that same essay is now done", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00008-00004995-00005469": "on the google document with the ability to have classmates leave comments on one another's work.", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00009-00005469-00006258": "With modification technology allows for significant task redesign. So that same", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00010-00006258-00006747": "essay is now a blog post. Students are doing research online, editing on a shared document,", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00011-00006747-00007500": "and publishing to an authentic audience. It is no longer an essay. It is an article crafted for", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00012-00007500-00008223": "the world. With redefinition the technology allows for new tasks that were previously inconceivable.", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00013-00008503-00008968": "So that same essay is now a multimedia package. Students are not only researching", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00014-00008968-00009484": "online but connecting with experts through video conferencing. They are co-writing", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00015-00009484-00010084": "their posts with a digital blogging cohort from around the world. They are producing not only a", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00016-00010084-00010762": "blog post but also a corresponding podcast and an edited video. Notice that the higher up you move", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00017-00010762-00011332": "through the SAMR model the more transformative the technology task becomes both in terms of", "ss5cJEMmRwY-00018-00011332-00011884": "multimedia content creation and in terms of communication with the rest of the world."}}, {"audio_id": "ss8AkS7BpyA", "text": {"ss8AkS7BpyA-00000-00000000-00004804": "Click on the link in description for more keto recipes"}}, {"audio_id": "ss8Guu8Ya4o", "text": {"ss8Guu8Ya4o-00000-00000592-00001208": "While it is important to share our own stories, we need to develop a balance between speaking", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00001-00001208-00001968": "and listening. If we speak too much, we may hijack or steal the conversation. And our participant may", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00002-00001968-00002544": "not be able to share their narratives. Moreover, a balanced conversation allows us to listen", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00003-00002544-00003288": "carefully to what is spoken. And to reflect on the interpretation going on in our heads as we listen.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00004-00003392-00003711": "This kind of reflexivity is important in interviews", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00005-00003711-00004208": "because what is said is not always the same as what is heard and understood.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00006-00004296-00004960": "Like observation, listening too is an interpretive exercise. We may hear the words just as they are", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00007-00004960-00005512": "spoken, but the meanings and references that we draw are very much constructed.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00008-00005584-00006104": "Sometimes speaking out what we think helped clarify any differences between", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00009-00006104-00006423": "our understanding and the participant expressions", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00010-00006616-00007216": "and it helps to share our understanding with the participants so that we may build on it together.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00011-00007216-00007808": "A wonderful example of this kind of reflexivity is seen in the work of Aanchal Malhotra. Aanchal", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00012-00007808-00008288": "listens intently to her participants and actively reflects on what they are saying.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00013-00008368-00008672": "These reflections become a part of her representation.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00014-00008776-00009264": "Let us hear from Aanchal about the role of listening and reflexivity in her work.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00015-00009264-00009912": "Aanchal Malhotra: Hello, my name is Aanchal Malhotra, I am oral historian of memory and", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00016-00009912-00010504": "material culture. I work with object, and the memory embodies, but in an inanimate object", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00017-00010504-00011208": "cannot speak. It does not have an emotion of its own. So any importance that an object may hold is", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00018-00011208-00011768": "deposited into it by people and as time passes the meaning of these objects changed with every", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00019-00011768-00012472": "passing generation. The period I focus on is of the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00020-00012552-00013000": "While studying a migration of 14 million people to either side of the border,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00021-00013080-00013647": "I often contemplated the notion of home and what have might have felt like to flee from it hastily.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00022-00013776-00014447": "For many years I travelled across India, Pakistan and the UK looking for themes that", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00023-00014447-00015040": "refugees brought with them. The object that became like companion on the way to her new citizenship.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00024-00015152-00015616": "From things as simple banal and mundane as household items", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00025-00015688-00016360": "to those of obvious monitory precious value. Such an artifact would be reservoir memory and", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00026-00016360-00016920": "experience and its physical weight would be outweighed by the emotional weight", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00027-00016920-00017552": "cashed into it over the years. So such an object would in some ways occupy the weight of the past.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00028-00017680-00018224": "My project is called remnants of separation, and it is not just about objects from another time,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00029-00018224-00018728": "but a correlated experience of the objects physical and metaphysical potential.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00030-00018824-00019360": "I wanted to know what it fell like to hold in one s hand tangible part of one's history,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00031-00019424-00019808": "particularly if that history was now on the other side of an impenetrable,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00032-00019808-00020008": "international militarised border.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00033-00020096-00020600": "How did people look at these themes? Were these things prized possessions or something", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00034-00020600-00021264": "too mundane to be considered of value and most importantly could these objects be used as a guide", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00035-00021264-00022080": "for recollection, could they be propagators of the past. I strive to look at the notion of belonging", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00036-00022080-00022672": "through belongings to appreciate the object in its totality not is something that blends into the", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00037-00022672-00023192": "landscape of the past but is a primary character around which the entire landscape is arranged.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00038-00023360-00024088": "We often see that as memory passes and as the years passed our emotion settle into objects", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00039-00024088-00024640": "in a way that they become physical evidence of belonging to a certain place at a certain time.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00040-00024760-00025184": "The object expands to transcend its own physicality by creating", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00041-00025184-00025824": "a tangible link to an un tangible place or state of being things mundane things like", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00042-00025824-00026464": "books and shawls and pencil cases and hand-painted boxes and pocket knife all", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00043-00026464-00027208": "valuable things like jewellery or even documents and ID cards remain incredibly important", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00044-00027208-00027608": "yet unexplored means of understanding personal and collective histories.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00045-00027760-00028095": "By unfolding memories woven within materiality,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00046-00028168-00028576": "my work unravels a deeper understanding of the personal narrative around partition.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00047-00028695-00029280": "And though the object remains at the centre what emerges through such a storytelling is social", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00048-00029280-00030127": "ethnography, a way of life in syncretic undivided India. Despite the sheer volume of inclination on", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00049-00030127-00030712": "the partition available to us today, we are still only learning how to speak thoroughly", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00050-00030712-00031295": "and sensitively about the events. How to encompass its many facets and countless individual accounts.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00051-00031352-00031824": "Traditional means and narration have failed to do justice to the depth of historical trauma", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00052-00031824-00032472": "and yet it is so necessary to continually express this in words and discuss it and gradually", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00053-00032472-00033184": "eradicate this notion of the unspeakable. This is what I will do. I speak to people about the past.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00054-00033280-00033880": "I listen to them not for the sake of mainly recording an experience or just listening,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00055-00033880-00034328": "but to attempt to untangle and attempt the study the memory of traumatic time.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00056-00034400-00034640": "So we may never receive an event like partition.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00057-00034816-00035440": "Oral history is not reportage or journalism, but it is the penetration of human memory.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00058-00035528-00036256": "It asserts that people's experiences matter that the small age histories within the larger", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00059-00036256-00037104": "capital age history of geographies and landscapes and empire are also important. I have numbered", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00060-00037104-00037640": "many times about how reliving moments of trauma affect the people that are recalling the story.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00061-00037744-00038328": "But the interviewer and the interviewee together go beyond the scope of recollection attempting to", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00062-00038328-00039016": "untangle the traumatic experience. Many people are unwilling to talk about the event for many years.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00063-00039112-00039784": "As those suppression might remove all traces of it. But I think from my experience,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00064-00039784-00040296": "no one really finds peace and silence even when it is a choice to remain silent.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00065-00040496-00041208": "And so after doing interviews across the world, across India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and the UK,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00066-00041272-00041792": "I do deduce that in crossing the great difficultly of remembering", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00067-00041792-00042400": "and in giving voice to the experience in 1947 does eventually result in some form of lightness.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00068-00042520-00042904": "Because even an inactive crisis can remain a source of lingering trauma.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00069-00043056-00043440": "There is a need to talk about what happened because things have not yet settled.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00070-00043512-00043976": "There is still so much we do know about partition and it is not yet an event of the past.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00071-00044048-00044624": "Its heaviness continuous to way down, sometimes only subconsciously both for", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00072-00044624-00045144": "those who have lived through it and as well as those who inherited stories and memories of it.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00073-00045144-00045712": "So one of the main questions that I get all the time is how do we begin with these interviews.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00074-00045712-00046184": "How do we approach people, and how do we start asking questions. The generation", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00075-00046184-00046880": "that lives through partition obviously had an impact in their mind it remains still,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00076-00046880-00047320": "and it is not something to be taken lightly because to remember it is still very difficult.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00077-00047320-00047920": "So how do we begin to ask the questions? One of the ways in which I began starting with my family", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00078-00047976-00048624": "I come from a family where all four grandparents move from across the border as close as the Lahore", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00079-00048624-00049344": "and as far as Dera Ismail Khan. I started slowly, I started asking about things because things were", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00080-00049344-00050032": "the way that I found an entry way into the past to approach someone and say, oh you lived through", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00081-00050032-00050584": "partition it sounds horrible can you tell me about it is very crass and still is not sensitive.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00082-00050712-00051352": "But to tell someone oh you brought this notebook with you or you brought this ring with you or", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00083-00051352-00052032": "you carried your pencil case from school, how did you know what to carry and who told you", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00084-00052032-00052512": "that you will never come back, did you think that you will never come back to your home, did you", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00085-00052512-00052984": "think that you will never see these walls again, your room again, your school again your friends.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00086-00053128-00053632": "I think that these questions might seeing up their questions about everyday lives,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00087-00053632-00054376": "but I want to stress this fact very clearly that partition is not just about August 1947.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00088-00054376-00054904": "It is about the time that came before it and the time that came after it. Riots happened throughout", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00089-00054904-00055712": "and relationship between Hindus, Muslim, and others did not disrupt overnight. So what we are", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00090-00055712-00056232": "trying to understand through listening, through asking questions through looking at objects,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00091-00056232-00056904": "documents things like this is to build and form a social ethnography. We want to understand what", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00092-00056904-00057479": "life was like before it and how this event could happen, an event of this magnitude.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00093-00057552-00058167": "So what we are trying to do in our questioning, in our oral history interviews is, a) to make the", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00094-00058167-00059055": "person feel as comfortable with you as they can to be able to dwell deeper and more vulnerably into", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00095-00059055-00059567": "their past and the second thing, of course, is to gather as much information as we can about that", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00096-00059567-00060400": "time. When I go to do interviews. I have a very basic questionnaire about where you were born?", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00097-00060400-00060832": "And if they do not know where they were born or when they were born then approximately what", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00098-00060832-00061504": "months or what season or maybe how old where the time partition and then you can calculate back.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00099-00061664-00062208": "Things were not so easy then in terms of birth certificates or even people's", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00100-00062208-00062576": "documentation, so there is a little bit of calculation that is always needed,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00101-00062576-00062991": "but I think your basic questionnaire should be there and apart from that", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00102-00062991-00063184": "you should try and build on what the person is saying.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00103-00063279-00063991": "Another thing I always enjoy is doing a bit of research on the area that the person comes from.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00104-00064072-00064512": "So if someone knows I am going to come to interview them, I would like to know", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00105-00064512-00064816": "which is the town or the city or the village they come from.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00106-00064816-00065255": "So I can do a bit of reading about exactly what happened during the partition there,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00107-00065255-00065792": "what kind of migration happened, what the culture was like in terms of religion.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00108-00065792-00066192": "Was it an agrarian economy, did it focus more on", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00109-00066192-00066752": "shops. So my questions can be targeted to those specifics things that people might relate to,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00110-00066920-00067496": "and the other thing about working with older people is that, and I think somebody in my", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00111-00067496-00068056": "generation a millennial really needs to know this and I know this question is about listening. So", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00112-00068056-00068552": "it is very important is that older people really just want someone to listen to them.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00113-00068648-00069256": "So, if you are in an oral history interview with someone who is a decade older than you,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00114-00069256-00069808": "be present because it is very important for we to know what they are telling you matters to", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00115-00069808-00070248": "you. And it should matter to you because there is still so much we do not know about partition,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00116-00070248-00070768": "so we are always unerathening something. So if you are genuinely interested,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00117-00070856-00071144": "then incredible memories will come out.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00118-00071208-00071576": "But I think this is something that we as millennial forget a lot", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00119-00071576-00072224": "how to listen and how to let someone talk without interrupting them.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00120-00072400-00072896": "The idea of balance is key to engaging with and learning from our participants.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00121-00072960-00073448": "We need to maintain a fine balance between speaking and listening,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00122-00073536-00074136": "fluidity and structure, empathy for the other and a desire to learn from them.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00123-00074224-00074824": "To be reflexive is also to be aware of our position in the research with respect to our", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00124-00074824-00075456": "participants. Often we engage with people whose cultures and contexts are very different from us.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00125-00075536-00075984": "In an interview, these differences manifest in the narratives that are shared", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00126-00075984-00076616": "and the ways in which they are articulated. Participants build a perception of who we are,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00127-00076616-00077184": "our background and experiences their interactions with us is based on these perceptions.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00128-00077240-00077856": "You may remember the experience of Hagar Salamon, the Israeli researcher in Jerusalem", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00129-00077856-00078288": "who interviewed Palestinian women about the maps they embroidered.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00130-00078376-00078912": "The narratives shared with Salamon by her Palestinian participants were a response to", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00131-00078912-00079672": "her identity as an Israeli Jewish woman. It is possible they may have spoken differently to a", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00132-00079672-00080416": "person from another country. A similar example is that of a former black slave interviewed by two", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00133-00080416-00081112": "different researchers -one black and one white. In each case, the narratives shared are quite", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00134-00081112-00081712": "different. You can read these two transcripts here and answer some questions based on your reading.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00135-00081800-00082488": "As we immerse ourselves deeper into the world of our participants, their perception of us changes.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00136-00082488-00082944": "From being someone who represents the 'other' culture or community,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00137-00082944-00083568": "we start to be seen as individuals. This shift happens within us too. We build our", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00138-00083568-00084224": "relationships with them based on this shifting and understanding of our similarities and differences.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00139-00084376-00085144": "Consider for example, my engagement with Raniben and Meghiben. To begin with, we shared a language", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00140-00085144-00085784": "Gujarati and the experience of the earthquake that devastated parts of Gujarat in 2001.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00141-00085912-00086472": "These became common grounds on which we build our relationship in the earlier stages of our", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00142-00086472-00087104": "interruptions. I wanted to understand the notion of displacement that had shaped their lives.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00143-00087192-00087552": "I have no experience of being forcibly displaced from my home.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00144-00087656-00088408": "And they have been repeatedly displaced. First, because of the 1972 India-Pakistan war, and", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00145-00088408-00089096": "then by the earthquake in 2001. This was a huge difference between their experiences and mine.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00146-00089208-00089936": "Martha Norkunas calls this the difference between knowing and not knowing. It is the difference", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00147-00089936-00090576": "between what the other knows through their experience which we do not. In interacting with", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00148-00090576-00091416": "each other, we tried to bridge this difference. Listening to the other's narratives helps us make", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00149-00091416-00092200": "sense of this difference in experiences. These narratives act as mediums. They are conveying", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00150-00092200-00092688": "experiences, feelings and thoughts that may otherwise be difficult to articulate.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00151-00092768-00093128": "In narrating the story of their migration, for instance,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00152-00093184-00093536": "Meghiben spoke about moving to another place when she got married.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00153-00093608-00094216": "Raniben shared details about the various stages of her journey of crossing the border.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00154-00094216-00094616": "She spoke of the hurdles and difficulties that her community faced", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00155-00094616-00095384": "along the way and of the hopes and fears that accompanied them.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00156-00107832-00108240": "In each narrative, there were various themes which spoke about their experiences", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00157-00108240-00108448": "of migration and displacement.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00158-00108559-00109328": "Their narratives were a record of their lives and their experiences. We see here that reciting", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00159-00109328-00109832": "their narrative can help participants speak about difficult and complex subjects.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00160-00109896-00110488": "And through these narratives, we can better understand their lives and contexts. For a", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00161-00110488-00111088": "participant having their narrative heard and recorded is a way of having their version of", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00162-00111088-00111711": "history recognised. In doing ethnographic interviews, we sometimes play the role of", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00163-00111711-00112311": "mediators and translators carrying our participants' narratives to the world at large.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00164-00112376-00112776": "In this role, listening becomes an act of support and empathy.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00165-00112832-00113359": "it emphasises the human nature of our work. For these reasons,", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00166-00113416-00113904": "building a meaningful interaction requires a conscious and active effort on our part.", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00167-00113992-00114656": "We need to pay attention to all of the ways in which we speak and listen to our participants. We", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00168-00114656-00115432": "need to define what we wish to learn from them and how we may engage and learn. This work begins much", "ss8Guu8Ya4o-00169-00115432-00116383": "before the interview. It is these preparations that form the focus of our next session."}}, {"audio_id": "ssyb-YoecDQ", "text": {"ssyb-YoecDQ-00000-00000408-00000719": "[Music]", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00001-00000873-00001210": "Hello to all friends and welcome for this new video on ROK!", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00002-00001221-00001860": "Today, folks, we're right back together. to eight days since it is the 2nd", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00003-00001870-00002388": "December, we meet finds its way back to the battery eight days before the date", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00004-00002390-00002830": "of the future KvK, namely the December 10th.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00005-00002840-00003252": "If you missed the video where on the lilith leak", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00006-00003260-00003628": "I'm suggesting the link, normally based on the information that", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00007-00003629-00004162": "now everyone has, at the time, that had just fled, the kvk season 3", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00008-00004170-00004567": "so on the oldest servers will take place on December 10th and we're tails", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00009-00004570-00005112": "at eight days, so it's pre-KvK. that would \"begin\", I use", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00010-00005120-00005571": "a conditional on that date since if it were to start now.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00011-00005580-00005980": "if kvk should start on December 10 prê-KvK", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00012-00005992-00006447": "would be now, so if you missed this video do not hesitate to subscribe", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00013-00006450-00006723": "to the chain by clicking on the bell so you don't miss any videos.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00014-00006723-00007117": "I remind you that we've set ourselves up in the live the target for January from 2000 subscribers", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00015-00007117-00007495": "we've been making good progress since this live show so I'm thank you for it, let's keep it up so we can", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00016-00007495-00007911": "is going to be able to do it, so we're at the top of our game. thank you to you and don't hesitate, you do it", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00017-00007911-00008224": "know it helps a lot with SEO of the chain, to release a big blue thumb", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00018-00008224-00008622": "If you like the content, we'll move on. very quickly like that and I'll get back to you.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00019-00008622-00009049": "thank you again. So it's a question of today we're going to talk about it: already", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00020-00009049-00009396": "when you connect, no one can miss", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00021-00009396-00009711": "wonderful, wonderful science of the marketing", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00022-00009711-00010288": "the cybermonday with this patch Exceptional cyber monday sales one", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00023-00010288-00010704": "only day, obviously this pack is no better than a", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00024-00010704-00011235": "other event pack it is very standard I would even say from my point of view", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00025-00011235-00011796": "since he's not as well because look at him. the items are not chests where", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00026-00011796-00012192": "you have the choice of resources they are imposed resources so they are imposed resources", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00027-00012192-00012486": "Certainly it may seem like a lot. important but when it comes to", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00028-00012486-00012832": "imposed resources that you do not have the choice they always put more and more of it on you", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00029-00012832-00013144": "saw it in the video of the event packs that I made you,", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00030-00013144-00013543": "I put you the link suggestions if you missed it, you can see that", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00031-00013543-00014026": "usually when it's chests and that we have a choice there are less than", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00032-00014026-00014500": "when we have no choice, so that's it. like the pack if we go to see the batch of", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00033-00014500-00014731": "value the pack", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00034-00014731-00015118": "resource reserves there are more because it's specific to that, and by", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00035-00015118-00015490": "the more they are imposed on us, we have no choice in short, in any case when you don't have the", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00036-00015490-00015766": "and they impose it on us like this that we don't have a resource chest of", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00037-00015766-00016237": "level 1 2 3 or 4 since at the last pack it's four, well, we still have more than", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00038-00016237-00016423": "resources so don't think it's a good deal", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00039-00016423-00016726": "It's a pack like any other I'll give you. advise not to buy it, I'll tell you", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00040-00016726-00017059": "really advises to book yourself for for the holiday season if you", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00041-00017059-00017423": "would you like to do a little something nice about that? will always be more optimized, especially", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00042-00017423-00017918": "when combined with gems, event like one", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00043-00017918-00018346": "just got when you spend 2500 gems in the day you have a", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00044-00018346-00018784": "gift: an additional box obviously it's more optimized when", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00045-00018784-00019103": "that's the way it is. So don't rush into it. So in", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00046-00019103-00019495": "this quiet period we often... I say \"calm\" because right now if we're really in", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00047-00019495-00019879": "seven days, since it's the 02/12, we're eight days from", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00048-00019879-00020429": "of the pre-kvk of season 3, now you have to get ready so now you see", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00049-00020429-00020854": "that an event has pop: \"from scratch\" according to the waiters depending on where we are, I have", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00050-00020854-00021166": "accounts and it's either events construction accelerator", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00051-00021166-00021587": "and training events or events of expenditure to create", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00052-00021587-00021898": "troops. obviously it would have been much better", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00053-00021898-00022112": "if it had appeared at the same time as the MGE", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00054-00022112-00022525": "the mightiest governor but it's not the case so here it is expenditure I", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00055-00022525-00022904": "would say dry only for one event, that is, I'm here. Again, once again", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00056-00022904-00023323": "I always advise you so see this a pop yesterday the first one is the 2 I'll tell you", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00057-00023323-00023635": "always advises to wait before to spend, to wait until the last day to", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00058-00023635-00023978": "do them when there is no reset at midnight since these are the most important periods", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00059-00023978-00024278": "where you can see if you are have an accumulation of events.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00060-00024278-00024679": "So this is not the case so we can stuff it on. When you have this guy", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00061-00024679-00025079": "of event I always ask myself the same question and that's really what", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00062-00025079-00025444": "I wanted to discuss today with you is that I spend in this", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00063-00025444-00025757": "event or do I reserve myself for the MGE since", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00064-00025757-00026110": "precisely on the greatest governor the first day is exactly the same.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00065-00026110-00026509": "Thing's gonna be an expense. training accelerator and the", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00066-00026509-00026866": "fourth day, Thursday It's going to be an expense for", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00067-00026866-00027409": "increase power and that includes the construction power is really fine", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00068-00027409-00027958": "depend on your server and the rate of accelerator you have because very", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00069-00027958-00028493": "few players can afford it all simply, are fat girls.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00070-00028493-00029038": "whales to have enough for spend both in this type of event and in", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00071-00029038-00029462": "the greatest governor, and rarely are we sees the players displayed on both", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00072-00029462-00029756": "there. When we go to watch what can we gain there we can", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00073-00029756-00030161": "win 20 heads in gold or when you're first 10 heads in second and so that's it.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00074-00030161-00030533": "still decreases very quickly certainly, it's generic heads and the", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00075-00030533-00030784": "the greatest governor is not a generic heads but still this", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00076-00030784-00031283": "is decreasing very quickly and we're on the right track. accelerators that count the minute and", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00077-00031283-00031783": "not the power gained so really the expense there you have to calculate it. If we", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00078-00031783-00032164": "look on my server the first one is not not at such an important level as that", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00079-00032164-00032921": "since he's at 157,000, 157000 minutes, 157000 minutes if you do", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00080-00032921-00033380": "the conversion we look at right away over 157,000 minutes is a little bit like", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00081-00033380-00033863": "more than two thousand six hundred hours, 2600 hours is about a hundred and ten hours.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00082-00033863-00034190": "days so since a little more so Let's say 110 days ago.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00083-00034190-00034690": "of accelerator is not crazy if he had to create t5s", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00084-00034690-00035162": "by transforming t4 to t5 with boosts is fine", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00085-00035162-00035503": "take 12 hours, which is the most optimized in this way as already mentioned", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00086-00035503-00035900": "in the tips of the most popular video type a great gourvener so there for 110 days", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00087-00035900-00036377": "he's going to do he's going to do four one hundred and forty thousand troops, 440000", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00088-00036377-00036893": "T5 troop, that's it. will allow him to do about that,", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00089-00036893-00037196": "it's going to make him about 26 million points on the first", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00090-00037196-00037568": "day if it makes the troops obviously because given his level he", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00091-00037568-00037742": "would make the troops, there is no construction after,", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00092-00037742-00038021": "I know him so it would be what he would do, as is the case with the", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00093-00038021-00038348": "most of the first ones so it's not enormous 26 million on the MGE", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00094-00038348-00038726": "so he's right to invest in this event where he can put himself", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00095-00038726-00039191": "first with only I would say 110 days of acceleration knowing that the", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00096-00039191-00039662": "first on the MGE 200 300 400 400 500 days or more", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00097-00039662-00040163": "in acceleration boost so when you hesitate about that, I do.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00098-00040163-00040610": "was talking to a guildmate yesterday, when you hesitate on this type of event", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00099-00040610-00040790": "that's what you have to take in consideration,", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00100-00040790-00041240": "how many accelerators do you have already in stock and what are you", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00101-00041240-00041462": "prefer: is what you prefer", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00102-00041462-00041894": "to have on the MGE, let's say you are going to have between 10 and 20 heads, it's", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00103-00041894-00042239": "hard to get the podium when you're in the middle of a to ask these questions, this type of", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00104-00042239-00042557": "questions here, do you prefer having 10 or 20 heads of Attila for", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00105-00042557-00042869": "trigger the pack", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00106-00042911-00043397": "\"history writers\" at 5 49 thereafter, which will still go to you", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00107-00043397-00043793": "bring back 10 generic heads, or is it it's better to invest there, it's", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00108-00043793-00044177": "really that factor that's going to be taken for consideration.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00109-00044177-00044714": "I advise you if you can't not really elbowing your way", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00110-00044714-00044990": "server on the MGE, to really invest in the heads", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00111-00044990-00045386": "generic and then you will try to have cards in the king,", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00112-00045386-00045616": "that appears once a month, we should see him within the week, I think.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00113-00045616-00046106": "and so to have the governor you miss that. will be much simpler and much easier", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00114-00046106-00046520": "more efficient from the point of view of your profile, however, if you cannot", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00115-00046520-00046891": "play the first three places on your server on this event,", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00116-00046891-00047378": "obviously I don't advise you to to do \"from scratch\"", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00117-00047378-00047759": "and try the TOP25 MGE because this that you can aim for a top 25 and the", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00118-00047759-00048074": "top 25 will still allow you to have some heads on the", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00119-00048074-00048644": "MGE, if you have enough boost to play I would say here on this event", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00120-00048644-00048976": "where you can also play for the top 25, if you", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00121-00048976-00049312": "you fall back on this on the MGE. So really several", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00122-00049312-00049792": "factors to be considered if I have to summarize the first one, it's", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00123-00049792-00050116": "the configuration of your server if you have players who", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00124-00050116-00050473": "unfortunately are able to stuff the top 10 of the two events", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00125-00050473-00050902": "and make the top 10, the top 10 of this one all the time because once", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00126-00050902-00051181": "you passed the 10th place when it comes to even watching you fall to three", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00127-00051181-00051583": "gold sculptures it doesn't become very interesting given the investment in boost,", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00128-00051583-00052108": "which is what it takes if the same players are the same able to block you from the top 50 of the", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00129-00052108-00052438": "MGE unfortunately, you are in a server where there is", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00130-00052438-00052804": "a lot of whales and big ones whales and very little low spender", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00131-00052804-00053188": "or freeplayer so it's going to be very complicated for you to play", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00132-00053188-00053822": "the events and we're gonna have to play simply the evolution of your", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00133-00053822-00054254": "city, your village, if on the other hand you're not in this type of", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00134-00054254-00054583": "configuration there on your server the factors to be taken into account in", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00135-00054583-00054889": "consideration: am I waiting for the last day of", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00136-00054889-00055444": "the event, can I play the top 3 of the event, i.e. to ensure that I have the", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00137-00055444-00055792": "minus five sculptures if you are not able to do so", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00138-00055792-00056281": "keep, keep for several years weeks, for several months if he does", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00139-00056281-00056737": "to invest at a time when you are really want the governor you", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00140-00056737-00057191": "can do it at the largest level Governor, you can do on this guy", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00141-00057191-00057412": "of event, if you prefer generic heads", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00142-00057412-00057779": "knowing of course that even a first place there will ensure you", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00143-00057779-00058252": "only 20 gold sculptures generic but it's almost 20", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00144-00058252-00058642": "sculptures easier to take than 20 sculptures in the greatest governor", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00145-00058642-00058942": "since if I don't talk nonsense, 20 sculptures in the largest in the", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00146-00058942-00059419": "Governor, it must be a top ten or a top ten. top 15 I think it's a top 10 so", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00147-00059419-00059734": "you have to be able to hold it. It still stays that way.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00148-00059734-00060223": "a very high level and if you don't do your 25 30 35 million points is fine", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00149-00060223-00060679": "be difficult so calculate it well before, knowing that now we're sure", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00150-00060679-00061138": "several types of accelerator drives and construction so that", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00151-00061138-00061450": "may also allow you to give an indication, it is better to", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00152-00061450-00061936": "invest here or invest in the most great governor because the accelerators", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00153-00061936-00062295": "of construction you will earn fewer points on day 4 in the MGE", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00154-00062295-00062749": "that invests in this type of event, when I say will bring you back - points", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00155-00062749-00063424": "i.e. the expenditure will be more profitable here since, the", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00156-00063424-00063679": "big players, this factor also to be taken into account in", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00157-00063679-00064000": "consideration, the big players who are already at the maximum", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00158-00064000-00064339": "they will only be able to do training accelerators since they", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00159-00064339-00064627": "have no more construction to do so if you have a large stock", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00160-00064627-00064984": "of construction accelerator there is no doesn't have that many questions to ask himself.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00161-00064984-00065383": "it is in these events that we need to invest to try to rank on the", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00162-00065383-00065632": "as best as possible and that's why we're doing it. sees here", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00163-00065632-00066022": "as alexmaroufleurs and as follows except pepto", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00164-00066022-00066358": "so if we exclude the first one and fifth, these are players who do not have", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00165-00066358-00066772": "their construction to the maximum so it's for that reason they can rank well there", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00166-00066772-00067267": "above using their accelerator of Construction here, listen, I hope you're listening.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00167-00067267-00067786": "it will have helped you with this video. decide whether to invest or not, because", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00168-00067786-00068164": "that I'm being asked and I've been asked again yesterday the question: are we going, are we going?", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00169-00068164-00068413": "that I'm going, is that that I'm saving for the greatest", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00170-00068413-00068665": "Governor, these are questions you ask me.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00171-00068665-00069106": "The best thing is obviously to succeed in invest a little bit here to earn", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00172-00069106-00069463": "two, three heads and invest a small little in the greatest governor for", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00173-00069463-00069853": "to win three or four heads can be interesting since the largest", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00174-00069853-00070270": "Governor will return several times to the minus three times the same commander if", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00175-00070270-00070585": "you have several times five heads at the minus two times five heads is fine with you.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00176-00070585-00070976": "ensure that the commander in question. Here you go, listen to them.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00177-00070976-00071306": "friends I hope this video will be for you useful if this is the case do not hesitate to", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00178-00071306-00071585": "drop a big blue thumb, you know that. it helps a lot of development of", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00179-00071585-00071918": "the chain and I remind you of our target of 2000 subscribers by January", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00180-00071918-00072272": "so don't hesitate if it's not already to subscribe to the channel and to", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00181-00072272-00072602": "click on the bell to be informed of any new video do not hesitate", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00182-00072602-00073013": "either to respond to the survey that will be here all week, which will remain all week.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00183-00073013-00073598": "the week in on the youtube page of the chain in the community part where", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00184-00073598-00073973": "I'm asking you to find out which ones schedules you prefer for live performances at", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00185-00073973-00074297": "that is, 11 hours or 18 hours apparently 18 hours is well into", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00186-00074297-00074528": "head. I wish you all a good game and I", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00187-00074528-00074842": "I'll see you later on ROK.", "ssyb-YoecDQ-00188-00075097-00075409": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "ssZ14Qnuj1u", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "st4TZQYkM9A", "text": {"st4TZQYkM9A-00000-00000000-00000200": "Introduction", "st4TZQYkM9A-00001-00000200-00000400": "Session 1:artist enters the house", "st4TZQYkM9A-00002-00000400-00000600": "Session:2:second audition", "st4TZQYkM9A-00003-00000600-00000800": "Session 3:3rd artist auditioned", "st4TZQYkM9A-00004-00000800-00001000": "Ending"}}, {"audio_id": "styBBcHq55A", "text": {"styBBcHq55A-00000-00000078-00000474": "It’s easy to think of technology as nothing more than a resource, as a set of tools used", "styBBcHq55A-00001-00000474-00000797": "to make your day-to-day work more manageable.", "styBBcHq55A-00002-00000797-00000959": "Easy – but wrong.", "styBBcHq55A-00003-00000959-00001613": "At EMPIST, we know that when managed correctly your technology directly affects your 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"svbWN3emXuk-00003-00000000-00000133": "words with more than", "svbWN3emXuk-00004-00000000-00000253": "one morpheme for example in English we", "svbWN3emXuk-00005-00000000-00000100": "have the word", "svbWN3emXuk-00006-00000000-00000075": "\"cats\" which clearly has two bits of", "svbWN3emXuk-00007-00000000-00000323": "meaning in it", "svbWN3emXuk-00008-00000075-00000411": "one of them is the root for the animal", "svbWN3emXuk-00009-00000323-00000699": "\"cat\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00010-00000411-00000883": "and the other one is an affix the plural", "svbWN3emXuk-00011-00000699-00001219": "which tells you how many", "svbWN3emXuk-00012-00000883-00001619": "cats there are probably many", "svbWN3emXuk-00013-00001219-00001859": "cats so we know this because we speak", "svbWN3emXuk-00014-00001619-00002091": "English and we know that these two parts", "svbWN3emXuk-00015-00001859-00002331": "mean different things but how can we", "svbWN3emXuk-00016-00002091-00002651": "know this in a different language", "svbWN3emXuk-00017-00002331-00002875": "we do this by observing patterns and", "svbWN3emXuk-00018-00002651-00003283": "here we're going to try an example", "svbWN3emXuk-00019-00002875-00003283": "with the Mexican language Nahuatl", "svbWN3emXuk-00020-00003403-00003787": "and by the way we've already worked on a", "svbWN3emXuk-00021-00003667-00003995": "morphology problem", "svbWN3emXuk-00022-00003787-00004091": "this is something that we did on week", "svbWN3emXuk-00023-00003995-00004307": "one", "svbWN3emXuk-00024-00004091-00004403": "remember we did the Swahili exercise", "svbWN3emXuk-00025-00004307-00004747": "when we looked at", "svbWN3emXuk-00026-00004403-00005051": "works like \"ninasoma,\" \"nilisoma,\" \"nitasoma\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00027-00004747-00005123": "and then by carefully comparing the", "svbWN3emXuk-00028-00005051-00005515": "words", "svbWN3emXuk-00029-00005123-00005771": "we figured out that \"ni\" means 'I'", "svbWN3emXuk-00030-00005515-00005939": "\"na\" means that 'you're doing something' and", "svbWN3emXuk-00031-00005771-00006107": "\"soma\" means 'to read'", "svbWN3emXuk-00032-00005939-00006251": "well that was essentially a morphology", "svbWN3emXuk-00033-00006107-00006619": "exercise \"ni\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00034-00006251-00006955": "and \"na\" are inflectional prefixes", "svbWN3emXuk-00035-00006619-00007363": "and they are inflecting this verbal root", "svbWN3emXuk-00036-00006955-00007715": "\"soma\" so prefix prefix root", "svbWN3emXuk-00037-00007363-00007867": "\"ninasoma\" and again by observing patterns in", "svbWN3emXuk-00038-00007715-00007939": "the words we managed to figure out what", "svbWN3emXuk-00039-00007867-00008259": "every bit", "svbWN3emXuk-00040-00007939-00008555": "meant we're going to do the same thing", "svbWN3emXuk-00041-00008259-00008643": "again with a language from Mexico called", "svbWN3emXuk-00042-00008555-00008979": "Nahuatl", "svbWN3emXuk-00043-00008643-00009075": "spoken in Michoacán so take a look at", "svbWN3emXuk-00044-00008979-00009371": "this data here", "svbWN3emXuk-00045-00009075-00009443": "it has Nahuatl words for 'my house' 'my", "svbWN3emXuk-00046-00009371-00009779": "houses'", "svbWN3emXuk-00047-00009443-00010147": "'your house' 'his house' and 'houses'", "svbWN3emXuk-00048-00009779-00010419": "let's focus on examples one through five", "svbWN3emXuk-00049-00010147-00010483": "so what can we do to answer the first", "svbWN3emXuk-00050-00010419-00010827": "question", "svbWN3emXuk-00051-00010483-00011003": "what is the morpheme that means 'house'", "svbWN3emXuk-00052-00010827-00011315": "obviously we need to compare and", "svbWN3emXuk-00053-00011003-00011379": "contrast examples one through five if", "svbWN3emXuk-00054-00011315-00011747": "you look at", "svbWN3emXuk-00055-00011379-00012043": "for example the singular ones", "svbWN3emXuk-00056-00011747-00012131": "'my house' versus 'his house' you're going", "svbWN3emXuk-00057-00012043-00012331": "to see that", "svbWN3emXuk-00058-00012131-00012499": "there's some elements that are the same", "svbWN3emXuk-00059-00012331-00012707": "in those two words", "svbWN3emXuk-00060-00012499-00012875": "indeed there's a couple there's elements", "svbWN3emXuk-00061-00012707-00012987": "that are the same in words one through", "svbWN3emXuk-00062-00012875-00013267": "five", "svbWN3emXuk-00063-00012987-00013411": "what are they you give it a try what is", "svbWN3emXuk-00064-00013267-00013811": "the morpheme that means", "svbWN3emXuk-00065-00013411-00013811": "'house' please pause the video", "svbWN3emXuk-00066-00014035-00014643": "right again if we compare", "svbWN3emXuk-00067-00014363-00014851": "examples one, three, and five 'my house,'", "svbWN3emXuk-00068-00014643-00014971": "'your house,' and 'his house'", "svbWN3emXuk-00069-00014851-00015171": "you'll see that the part that they have", "svbWN3emXuk-00070-00014971-00015451": "in common is \"kali\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00071-00015171-00015579": "so we're going to hypothesize that that", "svbWN3emXuk-00072-00015451-00015931": "is the root for", "svbWN3emXuk-00073-00015579-00016115": "'house' again these are hypotheses maybe", "svbWN3emXuk-00074-00015931-00016379": "we will need to change them", "svbWN3emXuk-00075-00016115-00016427": "later but at least with a hypothesis we", "svbWN3emXuk-00076-00016379-00016627": "can", "svbWN3emXuk-00077-00016427-00016867": "move forward and then try to see if more", "svbWN3emXuk-00078-00016627-00017171": "things you know fall in place", "svbWN3emXuk-00079-00016867-00017411": "so let's assume that \"kali\" means", "svbWN3emXuk-00080-00017171-00017411": "'house'", "svbWN3emXuk-00081-00017507-00018163": "if we know that \"kali\" means 'house'", "svbWN3emXuk-00082-00017819-00018203": "then maybe we could look at examples", "svbWN3emXuk-00083-00018163-00018483": "like", "svbWN3emXuk-00084-00018203-00018667": "number two and number five to figure out", "svbWN3emXuk-00085-00018483-00018875": "what the plural is", "svbWN3emXuk-00086-00018667-00019035": "you give it a try what is the morpheme", "svbWN3emXuk-00087-00018875-00019891": "that tells you the plural", "svbWN3emXuk-00088-00019035-00019891": "of a noun in Nahuatl please pause the video", "svbWN3emXuk-00089-00019979-00020339": "so first we do have the hypothesis that", "svbWN3emXuk-00090-00020203-00020547": "\"kali\" means 'house'", "svbWN3emXuk-00091-00020339-00020667": "and we have examples like number five", "svbWN3emXuk-00092-00020547-00020991": "'houses'", "svbWN3emXuk-00093-00020667-00021123": "which is \"kali\" plus something else", "svbWN3emXuk-00094-00020991-00021331": "\"kalimes\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00095-00021123-00021443": "if we think if we hypothesize that \"mes\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00096-00021331-00021699": "is the plural", "svbWN3emXuk-00097-00021443-00021851": "then it would make examples like number", "svbWN3emXuk-00098-00021699-00022083": "two would make a lot of sense", "svbWN3emXuk-00099-00021851-00022195": "where the only difference between 'my", "svbWN3emXuk-00100-00022083-00022523": "house' and 'my", "svbWN3emXuk-00101-00022195-00022755": "houses' is \"mes\" so", "svbWN3emXuk-00102-00022523-00022955": "the hypothesis seems to", "svbWN3emXuk-00103-00022755-00023027": "be working also look at number six and", "svbWN3emXuk-00104-00022955-00023339": "seven \"mopelo\" \"mopelomes\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00105-00023027-00023491": "the only difference in the", "svbWN3emXuk-00106-00023339-00023611": "English is that one is singular and the", "svbWN3emXuk-00107-00023491-00023779": "other one is plural", "svbWN3emXuk-00108-00023611-00023931": "and the only difference in the noun is", "svbWN3emXuk-00109-00023779-00024251": "that this one", "svbWN3emXuk-00110-00023931-00024339": "has the 'mes' so this hypothesis makes a", "svbWN3emXuk-00111-00024251-00024755": "lot of sense", "svbWN3emXuk-00112-00024339-00024755": "let's assume that 'mes' means the plural", "svbWN3emXuk-00113-00024811-00025139": "so by now you've seen the technique we", "svbWN3emXuk-00114-00025067-00025491": "compare", "svbWN3emXuk-00115-00025139-00025763": "words and try to figure out try to find", "svbWN3emXuk-00116-00025491-00025827": "the two words the two words that are", "svbWN3emXuk-00117-00025763-00026091": "most", "svbWN3emXuk-00118-00025827-00026139": "like each other except for the elements", "svbWN3emXuk-00119-00026091-00026547": "we're", "svbWN3emXuk-00120-00026139-00026883": "looking for for example in 'my'", "svbWN3emXuk-00121-00026547-00027211": "we have words like 'my house' number one", "svbWN3emXuk-00122-00026883-00027339": "number two 'my houses' number nine 'my cornfield'", "svbWN3emXuk-00123-00027339-00027779": "so try to group those together and", "svbWN3emXuk-00124-00027491-00027931": "figure out what they have in common", "svbWN3emXuk-00125-00027779-00028083": "also try to do the same thing with the", "svbWN3emXuk-00126-00027931-00028499": "words that mean 'your", "svbWN3emXuk-00127-00028083-00028499": "house' please pause the video", "svbWN3emXuk-00128-00028811-00029187": "alright we have the hypothesis that", "svbWN3emXuk-00129-00029035-00029395": "\"kali\" means 'house'", "svbWN3emXuk-00130-00029187-00029723": "and we have examples number like one and", "svbWN3emXuk-00131-00029395-00030035": "nine \"nokali\" and \"nokwahmili\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00132-00029723-00030355": "so we think that \"kali\" means 'house' so", "svbWN3emXuk-00133-00030035-00030659": "the only thing that could mean 'my' is \"no\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00134-00030355-00030787": "in \"nokali\" this would also make sense for", "svbWN3emXuk-00135-00030659-00030939": "example number nine", "svbWN3emXuk-00136-00030787-00031091": "where we have 'my cornfield' and we have", "svbWN3emXuk-00137-00030939-00031395": "the element \"no\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00138-00031091-00031659": "so let's hypothesize that \"no\" means 'my'", "svbWN3emXuk-00139-00031395-00031891": "in number three and ten we can derive", "svbWN3emXuk-00140-00031659-00032259": "the same hypothesis for \"your\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00141-00031891-00032315": "that 'mo' means \"your\" notice a very", "svbWN3emXuk-00142-00032259-00032603": "interesting", "svbWN3emXuk-00143-00032315-00032731": "clue that both of these are prefixes and", "svbWN3emXuk-00144-00032603-00032955": "that makes a lot of sense", "svbWN3emXuk-00145-00032731-00033163": "usually languages are consistent like if", "svbWN3emXuk-00146-00032955-00033435": "they have the possession", "svbWN3emXuk-00147-00033163-00033595": "as a suffix they will do all of their", "svbWN3emXuk-00148-00033435-00033739": "possession as suffixes if they have it", "svbWN3emXuk-00149-00033595-00033915": "as a prefix they will have all of the", "svbWN3emXuk-00150-00033739-00034291": "possession as prefixes", "svbWN3emXuk-00151-00033915-00034483": "that's a usual pattern so", "svbWN3emXuk-00152-00034291-00034619": "we can figure we can hypothesize that", "svbWN3emXuk-00153-00034483-00034827": "\"mo\" means 'your'", "svbWN3emXuk-00154-00034619-00035043": "and then another very important thing", "svbWN3emXuk-00155-00034827-00035379": "look at number nine and ten", "svbWN3emXuk-00156-00035043-00035611": "'my cornfield' and 'your cornfield'", "svbWN3emXuk-00157-00035379-00035771": "we have explained the \"no\" and the \"mo\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00158-00035611-00035843": "and the only other element that we have", "svbWN3emXuk-00159-00035771-00036115": "to explain is", "svbWN3emXuk-00160-00035843-00036115": "'cornfield' \"wahmili\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00161-00036179-00036571": "so we can hypothesize that that's the", "svbWN3emXuk-00162-00036355-00036891": "root for cornfield", "svbWN3emXuk-00163-00036571-00036963": "also again notice that it would make the", "svbWN3emXuk-00164-00036891-00037123": "data", "svbWN3emXuk-00165-00036963-00037283": "make sense because we would have the", "svbWN3emXuk-00166-00037123-00037523": "prefix and a root", "svbWN3emXuk-00167-00037283-00037791": "\"nokali\" here we would also have a prefix", "svbWN3emXuk-00168-00037523-00037963": "and a root \"no-kwahmili\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00169-00037963-00038395": "alright so you give it a try what's", "svbWN3emXuk-00170-00038227-00038467": "the morpheme and that's just one I", "svbWN3emXuk-00171-00038395-00038787": "apologize", "svbWN3emXuk-00172-00038467-00039027": "what's the morpheme for 'dog' please pause", "svbWN3emXuk-00173-00038787-00039027": "the video", "svbWN3emXuk-00174-00039219-00039603": "okay now you know the technique yeah we", "svbWN3emXuk-00175-00039435-00039675": "can look at number six and number seven", "svbWN3emXuk-00176-00039603-00039931": "for example", "svbWN3emXuk-00177-00039675-00040059": "'your dog' and 'your dogs' and we have", "svbWN3emXuk-00178-00039931-00040355": "explained the element", "svbWN3emXuk-00179-00040059-00040419": "\"mo\" which means 'your' and the element \"mes\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00180-00040355-00040643": "which means", "svbWN3emXuk-00181-00040419-00040763": "'dogs' and then the only other element", "svbWN3emXuk-00182-00040643-00041115": "that we have left is this", "svbWN3emXuk-00183-00040763-00041387": "the \"pelo\" so it would also make sense", "svbWN3emXuk-00184-00041115-00041875": "to have this as a prefix and then a root", "svbWN3emXuk-00185-00041387-00041875": "prefix root and then the plural suffix \"mo-pelo-mes\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00186-00041963-00042707": "so \"pelo\" is probably the root for 'dog'", "svbWN3emXuk-00187-00042467-00042795": "alright you give it a shot what's the", "svbWN3emXuk-00188-00042707-00043507": "morpheme for", "svbWN3emXuk-00189-00042795-00043803": "'his' please pause the video", "svbWN3emXuk-00190-00043507-00043891": "yep so we have examples like number four", "svbWN3emXuk-00191-00043803-00044323": "\"ikali\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00192-00043891-00044515": "number eight \"ipelo\" and number 11 \"ikwahmili\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00193-00044323-00044667": "and they're the only thing they have in", "svbWN3emXuk-00194-00044515-00044803": "common in English is 'his'", "svbWN3emXuk-00195-00044667-00045027": "and the only thing they have in common", "svbWN3emXuk-00196-00044803-00045419": "Nahuatl is the prefix \"i\"", "svbWN3emXuk-00197-00045027-00045723": "so it is these are the morphemes", "svbWN3emXuk-00198-00045419-00045899": "contained in this data set", "svbWN3emXuk-00199-00045723-00046171": "and they can help us explain the", "svbWN3emXuk-00200-00045899-00046387": "structure of knowledge words", "svbWN3emXuk-00201-00046171-00046507": "the possession is indicated with a", "svbWN3emXuk-00202-00046387-00046891": "prefix", "svbWN3emXuk-00203-00046507-00047195": "the plurality is indicated with a suffix", "svbWN3emXuk-00204-00046891-00047371": "and they have these roots here", "svbWN3emXuk-00205-00047195-00047507": "but we notice that we don't have enough", "svbWN3emXuk-00206-00047371-00047699": "information to know if the roots are", "svbWN3emXuk-00207-00047507-00047771": "bound or free because we've never seen", "svbWN3emXuk-00208-00047699-00047987": "them free", "svbWN3emXuk-00209-00047771-00048355": "maybe they could be free we just don't", "svbWN3emXuk-00210-00047987-00048355": "know from the data we've been given", "svbWN3emXuk-00211-00048483-00048867": "so in summary you analyze the morphology", "svbWN3emXuk-00212-00048707-00049051": "by looking at patterns and trying to", "svbWN3emXuk-00213-00048867-00049123": "compare words with only one difference", "svbWN3emXuk-00214-00049051-00049315": "for example", "svbWN3emXuk-00215-00049123-00049435": "'house' versus 'houses' and then the", "svbWN3emXuk-00216-00049315-00049659": "difference between these two", "svbWN3emXuk-00217-00049435-00049851": "has to be the plural and we build", "svbWN3emXuk-00218-00049659-00050083": "hypotheses along the way which maybe", "svbWN3emXuk-00219-00049851-00050331": "they'll need changing or refining but", "svbWN3emXuk-00220-00050083-00050459": "we try to build the edifice little by", "svbWN3emXuk-00221-00050331-00050603": "little", "svbWN3emXuk-00222-00050459-00050827": "in the next video we're going to look at", "svbWN3emXuk-00223-00050603-00050907": "morphologies that morphemes that can", "svbWN3emXuk-00224-00050827-00051167": "have", "svbWN3emXuk-00225-00050907-00051467": "more than one personality that can have", "svbWN3emXuk-00226-00051167-00051467": "allomorphs"}}, {"audio_id": "swiRvTYrYuM", "text": {"swiRvTYrYuM-00000-00000021-00000762": "It’s Official!", "swiRvTYrYuM-00001-00000762-00001292": "Huge News Confirmed About Melania After Months Of Rumors – Congrats Are In Order!", "swiRvTYrYuM-00002-00001292-00001664": "First Lady Melania Trump is definitely one of the most interesting First Ladies of all", "swiRvTYrYuM-00003-00001664-00001764": "time.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00004-00001764-00002119": "She speaks multiple languages and has been a woman of class and dignity.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00005-00002119-00002465": "A special announcement has just been made on her behalf at the conclusion of months", "swiRvTYrYuM-00006-00002465-00002790": "of rumors and now congratulations are certainly in order.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00007-00002790-00003230": "Melania looked radiant in hot pink during her UN speech she made last year that covered", "swiRvTYrYuM-00008-00003230-00003560": "her chosen platform as the first lady about bullying.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00009-00003560-00003928": "Her presentation didn’t go off without a hitch, as liberals were listening to what", "swiRvTYrYuM-00010-00003928-00004210": "she had to say and publicly ridiculed her for it.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00011-00004210-00004594": "It’s ironic, really, given the subject matter of her public platform.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00012-00004594-00005017": "However, that didn’t stop one announcement from happening that much of the public was", "swiRvTYrYuM-00013-00005017-00005218": "certainly astounded by.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00014-00005218-00005635": "While the leftist part of the country wants to slam Melania for her contribution, or what", "swiRvTYrYuM-00015-00005635-00006089": "they perceive as a lack thereof, their reflections of her are not at all accurate.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00016-00006089-00006540": "Liberals don’t want to believe that a woman can be well-dressed, gorgeous, a former model,", "swiRvTYrYuM-00017-00006540-00006956": "and a mother/wife all in one, in addition to being influential.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00018-00006956-00007247": "The combination of these attributes blows their minds.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00019-00007247-00007639": "They have spent months attempting to diminish her as her husband’s puppet, a person without", "swiRvTYrYuM-00020-00007639-00008067": "voice or intelligent thought of her own – simply to appease their misguided impressions.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00021-00008067-00008518": "In a massive moment of “winning” over her detractors, Melania was just granted a", "swiRvTYrYuM-00022-00008518-00009043": "title that liberals couldn’t dream of, certainly not of this incredibly impressive woman.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00023-00009043-00009436": "Despite what liberals preach on behalf of females in this world, they actually seem", "swiRvTYrYuM-00024-00009436-00009875": "to like to see women fail, so long as they go against the grain that they’re advocating", "swiRvTYrYuM-00025-00009875-00009975": "for.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00026-00009975-00010360": "This has never been so prevalent as it is with Melania Trump, who just won a new title.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00027-00010360-00010865": "“A new CNN poll showed that first lady Melania Trump has almost doubled her popularity among", "swiRvTYrYuM-00028-00010865-00011304": "Americans over the past 18 months and now can claim the title of the most popular member", "swiRvTYrYuM-00029-00011304-00011590": "of the Trump family,” Western Journalism reports.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00030-00011590-00012025": "“The poll found that 50 percent of those responding to a poll had a favorable view", "swiRvTYrYuM-00031-00012025-00012562": "of the first lady, while 13 percent somewhat disapprove and 13 percent strongly disapprove.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00032-00012562-00012841": "26 percent have no opinion.”", "swiRvTYrYuM-00033-00012841-00013184": "This is a “mind-blowing” moment for liberals who thought that they had talked enough trash", "swiRvTYrYuM-00034-00013184-00013426": "to diminish this incredible woman.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00035-00013426-00013547": "It didn’t work.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00036-00013547-00013837": "Her actions spoke louder than their defiling words.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00037-00013837-00014313": "Melania was an immigrant who came to America the “correct” way, earned her citizenship,", "swiRvTYrYuM-00038-00014313-00014703": "worked hard to earn an income for herself in what’s arguably the most difficult industry", "swiRvTYrYuM-00039-00014703-00014807": "there is.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00040-00014807-00015227": "Through her effort and personal fortitude, she found herself in a life of prestige and", "swiRvTYrYuM-00041-00015227-00015624": "accomplishment and has now become the First Lady of her adopted country.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00042-00015624-00016025": "This is the fruit of actually pursuing the American dream – not making excuses for", "swiRvTYrYuM-00043-00016025-00016527": "an inability to do so, or apologizing for anything in the process of your accomplishments.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00044-00016527-00017071": "Melania didn’t use her gender or immigration status as excuses for not rising above others,", "swiRvTYrYuM-00045-00017071-00017504": "she worked harder to get here, with a deep appreciation for the opportunity to do so.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00046-00017504-00018012": "It’s no wonder that this kind, compassionate example of a mother, wife, and accomplished", "swiRvTYrYuM-00047-00018012-00018306": "woman is the most love of those who bare the Trump name.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00048-00018306-00018641": "She’s quiet, but a shining example of success.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00049-00018641-00019106": "She doesn’t gloat about these things, she gives back to those she knows she can help.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00050-00019106-00019344": "Western Journalism continues:", "swiRvTYrYuM-00051-00019344-00019925": "When CNN first asked that question in February 2016, only 24 percent had a favorable opinion", "swiRvTYrYuM-00052-00019925-00020099": "of Melania Trump.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00053-00020099-00020468": "A past poll showed two Trumps in a dead heat for second place.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00054-00020468-00020908": "Ivanka Trump had a 41 percent rating for both those who view her favorably and those who", "swiRvTYrYuM-00055-00020908-00021054": "do not.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00056-00021054-00021482": "President Donald Trump also came in at 41 percent favorable but had 57 percent view", "swiRvTYrYuM-00057-00021482-00021661": "him unfavorably.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00058-00021661-00022118": "White House aide Jared Kushner, Ivanka’s husband, had a 20 percent favorable rating", "swiRvTYrYuM-00059-00022118-00022407": "and 39 percent unfavorable rating.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00060-00022407-00022772": "The president has noted his wife’s growing popularity.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00061-00022772-00023168": "During a recent dinner for the White House Historical Association, Trump told the group", "swiRvTYrYuM-00062-00023168-00023427": "that the most popular Trump was the first lady.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00063-00023427-00023860": "“I’m going turn it over to the star of the Trump family,” the president said.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00064-00023860-00024029": "“They love her out there.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00065-00024029-00024533": "We walked all over Florida, we walked all over Texas, and they’re loving Melania.”", "swiRvTYrYuM-00066-00024533-00024973": "While there are a number of things that connect Melania to the American people, her demure,", "swiRvTYrYuM-00067-00024973-00025283": "low-key personality is one of the biggest factors.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00068-00025283-00025738": "This was not only something that her predecessor attempt to pretend to be, but Melania is actually", "swiRvTYrYuM-00069-00025738-00026097": "this person and her genuineness has definitely reached the heart of the country.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00070-00026097-00026644": "“She is a woman of few words,” said Anita McBride, who served as former first lady Laura", "swiRvTYrYuM-00071-00026644-00026801": "Bush’s chief of staff.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00072-00026801-00027231": "“But when she says something, it really is gentle and meaningful, and soothing — it", "swiRvTYrYuM-00073-00027231-00027430": "has a natural empathy to it.”", "swiRvTYrYuM-00074-00027430-00027881": "Melania has balanced the art of speaking when something important needs to be said but listening", "swiRvTYrYuM-00075-00027881-00028057": "to what others say more.", "swiRvTYrYuM-00076-00028057-00029388": "This is a habit that many of her detractors could learn benefit from."}}, {"audio_id": "swm6yhr8htM", "text": {"swm6yhr8htM-00000-00000000-00000200": "Ryzen 7 5800X3D + RTX 3050 | Hogwarts Legacy 2K"}}, {"audio_id": "swB8YXZm0YQ", "text": {"swB8YXZm0YQ-00000-00000003-00000351": "hi there everyone we're doing something a little bit different to you but it's", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00001-00000351-00001032": "not new to me I've got other things going on besides being on YouTube I have", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00002-00001032-00001902": "got a few websites I moderate a couple of groups on Facebook and I'm also", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00003-00001902-00002589": "pretty much involved with moderating or being an unofficial host of a large", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00004-00002589-00003386": "churches chat area so I'm a pretty busy camper but one thing that I have is", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00005-00003386-00003984": "called the daily Christian quote website DailyChristianQuote.com  notice no s in", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00006-00003984-00004787": "it and it is the byproduct of me sending out daily Christian quotes starting back", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00007-00004787-00005316": "in the day before there were actual websites people would sign up to a", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00008-00005316-00005973": "mailing list I had back then I no longer have a mailing list for the daily", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00009-00005973-00006603": "Christian quote but you can sign up for a version of a mailing list on the", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00010-00006603-00007134": "website just look at the top of the quote on the main page and you'll see", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00011-00007134-00007533": "where you can sign up so anyhow I thought I'd start to share a few of", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00012-00007533-00008127": "those quotes with you there's six thousand there and there is a new quote", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00013-00008127-00008490": "every single day hence the daily Christian quote but a", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00014-00008490-00009107": "little secret I load those into the computer or into the web site or onto", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00015-00009107-00009846": "Facebook a month in advance in one big clump so I do not remember all the quotes", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00016-00009846-00010493": "that are in that little bundle that I bundled all at once but pop up to", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00017-00010493-00011031": "everyone else once a day but this morning in with a totally independent", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00018-00011031-00011625": "thought I thought I would share whatever this quote was today just because I", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00019-00011625-00012146": "thought I would post something to you guys so I kind of giggled when this one", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00020-00012146-00012702": "popped up as this happens to be Sunday when I'm in doing this and I'm not able", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00021-00012702-00013335": "to get to my local church today so I will fellowshipping with fellow", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00022-00013335-00013911": "verse in a chat area of a group that I have been involved with for over ten", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00023-00013911-00014358": "years these people know me by my name they know who I am", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00024-00014358-00014829": "and although we don't see each other face to face because we live all around", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00025-00014829-00015519": "the world there's a hard connection there and I know they have my back and I", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00026-00015519-00016094": "know that some of them know me well enough they'll call me out on my crap", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00027-00016094-00016761": "when my crap is out on display to everyone else but the quote of the day", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00028-00016761-00017511": "today is by a pastor named Banning Leibschier who is the pastor of an", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00029-00017511-00018174": "up-and-coming church in the Sacramento area and he has got such a passion for", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00030-00018174-00018879": "the local church and for the body of the local church to be doing its job and", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00031-00018879-00019506": "that is supporting each other and to stop looking towards the pastor to be", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00032-00019506-00020301": "the answer for every single situation he believes in empowering people to do the", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00033-00020301-00021347": "job creating a healthy Church that in turn can reach out to people who really", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00034-00021347-00022182": "need the help of Christ in their lives so here's his quote and I'm not sure", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00035-00022182-00022824": "where I picked it up from probably from a book that he wrote and he says the", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00036-00022824-00023388": "spirit of Independence has separated too many people from community and the enemy", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00037-00023388-00023868": "darts are raining down on them it's really not that complicated", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00038-00023868-00024714": "if it's raining and you don't want to get wet then jump under an umbrella so", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00039-00024714-00025416": "if you're thinking boy oh boy the enemy's onslaught against me ever", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00040-00025416-00025887": "getting rough remember our enemy is not flesh and", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00041-00025887-00026613": "blood it's not people who are bugging you it's not your job it's not even your", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00042-00026613-00026952": "most unfavorite politician that's not the enemy", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00043-00026952-00027638": "I'm talking about here but you will notice these stings and the arrows of", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00044-00027638-00028197": "the enemy's onslaught against you a heck of a lot more if you're trying to live", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00045-00028197-00028706": "this Christian walk by yourself me myself of Jesus that's all that I need", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00046-00028706-00029279": "then when you are in the protective covering of being with other believers", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00047-00029279-00030095": "who lift up their shields of faith around you over your head and providing", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00048-00030095-00030951": "you with that umbrella of protection that will help to dampen the effect of", "swB8YXZm0YQ-00049-00030951-00031637": "the enemy's onslaught against you I'll talk to you again soon bye"}}, {"audio_id": "swYwpVRxxz0", "text": {"swYwpVRxxz0-00000-00000004-00000546": "Hi, I'm Beppe Severgnini, I'm an italian writer and broadcaster", "swYwpVRxxz0-00001-00001188-00001574": "I work here in Milan, Italy's most surprising City", "swYwpVRxxz0-00002-00001574-00002021": "Milan is Italy's powerhouse, a generous welcoming place", "swYwpVRxxz0-00003-00002021-00002459": "Milan is Italy's America. It doesn't matter where you come from", "swYwpVRxxz0-00004-00002459-00002791": "what matters to Milan is what you do and how you do it", "swYwpVRxxz0-00005-00002791-00003240": "I'm up here on the roof of Milan's Cathedral: the Duomo", "swYwpVRxxz0-00006-00003240-00003559": "to tell you one thing: the beauty of this place", "swYwpVRxxz0-00007-00003559-00003876": "is not Milanese or Italian or European", "swYwpVRxxz0-00008-00003876-00004234": "the beauty of this place is human, it belongs to", "swYwpVRxxz0-00009-00004234-00004548": "all of us, wherever we are.", "swYwpVRxxz0-00010-00004548-00005228": "That's why I'm here, that's why we need your help. International Patrons of", "swYwpVRxxz0-00011-00005228-00005475": "Duomo di Milano, a new American charity", "swYwpVRxxz0-00012-00005475-00006024": "as being created for the future of the Duomo. Around me there are 135", "swYwpVRxxz0-00013-00006024-00006115": "spires", "swYwpVRxxz0-00014-00006115-00006447": "and 3,400 statues of Candoglia marble", "swYwpVRxxz0-00015-00006447-00006947": "today one of those spires needs your help", "swYwpVRxxz0-00016-00006947-00007247": "It's the spire dedicated to a humble Italian woman", "swYwpVRxxz0-00017-00007247-00007602": "Saint Francesca Cabrini, she was known as", "swYwpVRxxz0-00018-00007602-00007971": "the \"Migrants's Mother\". Adopting the Francesca cabrini's spire", "swYwpVRxxz0-00019-00007971-00008246": "is an act of love", "swYwpVRxxz0-00020-00008246-00008564": "and it's simple just go to foritaly.org", "swYwpVRxxz0-00021-00008564-00008879": "You can help! There are going to be rewards too", "swYwpVRxxz0-00022-00008879-00009196": "Your name will be remembered on the website, of course,", "swYwpVRxxz0-00023-00009196-00009514": "any, if you want, your name can also be engraved", "swYwpVRxxz0-00024-00009514-00010117": "on a special plaque underneath the spire. This is just my small contribution to an", "swYwpVRxxz0-00025-00010117-00010225": "amazing city,", "swYwpVRxxz0-00026-00010225-00010925": "But yours is so much more important!"}}, {"audio_id": "sxiZ-i61xr8", "text": {"sxiZ-i61xr8-00000-00000014-00000542": "HIGH-SPEED INTERNET ACCESS IS STILL AN ISSUE FOR MANY PARTS OF CENTRAL AND NORTHERN MINNESOTA.", "sxiZ-i61xr8-00001-00000542-00001041": "STATE REPRESENTATIVE RON KRESHA RECENTLY AUTHORED A BILL TO HELP GIVE UNDERSERVED AREAS ACCESS", "sxiZ-i61xr8-00002-00001041-00001201": "TO BROADBAND INTERNET.", "sxiZ-i61xr8-00003-00001201-00001725": "THE BORDER TO BORDER BROADBAND BILL IS SEEKING 100 MILLION DOLLARS OVER THE NEXT TWO YEARS", "sxiZ-i61xr8-00004-00001725-00002142": "TO ALLOW CITIES TO PARTNER WITH BROADBAND PROVIDERS TO HAVE HIGH SPEED INTERNET DELIVERED", "sxiZ-i61xr8-00005-00002142-00002257": "TO THEIR AREA.", "sxiZ-i61xr8-00006-00002257-00002711": "KRESHA SAYS IF THIS BILL IS APPROVED IT COULD ALSO HELP THE WORK FORCE SHORTAGE IN RURAL", "sxiZ-i61xr8-00007-00002711-00003115": "MINNESOTA AS WELL.", "sxiZ-i61xr8-00008-00003115-00003627": "WE HAVE A MAJOR WORKFORCE ATTRACTION PROBLEM IN RURAL MINNESOTA WHERE WE NEED TO GET PEOPLE", "sxiZ-i61xr8-00009-00003627-00004272": "BACK INTO THE RURAL PARTS OF THE STATE FOR PROFESSIONAL JOBS OR MANUFACTURING OR - WE", "sxiZ-i61xr8-00010-00004272-00004830": "JUST NEED THE WORKERS, AND THEY ARE NOT GOING TO COME WHEN THERE'S NO INTERNET ACCESSIBILITY.", "sxiZ-i61xr8-00011-00004830-00005094": "IT REALLY IS ONE OF THE GREAT EQUALIZERS.", "sxiZ-i61xr8-00012-00005094-00005490": "A HEARING HAS BEEN SCHEDULED FOR THE BORDER TO BORDER BROADBAND BILL, AND IF IT IS APPROVED", "sxiZ-i61xr8-00013-00005490-00006511": "IT WILL BE VOTED ON BY THE STATE SENATE AND STATE REPRESENTATIVES."}}, {"audio_id": "sxI1FXek01E", "text": {"sxI1FXek01E-00000-00000900-00001450": "Before starting using your services,  we had", "sxI1FXek01E-00001-00001460-00002060": "a problem of data security, it was difficult to calculate", "sxI1FXek01E-00002-00002070-00002290": "accurate commissions and", "sxI1FXek01E-00003-00002300-00002890": "the calculation process was very slow.", "sxI1FXek01E-00004-00002900-00003080": "That's why we looked for the possibility", "sxI1FXek01E-00005-00003090-00003579": "to have a solution which had to be robust and flexible at the same time,", "sxI1FXek01E-00006-00003590-00004090": "and enabled us to move faster and calculate  commissions more rapidly.", "sxI1FXek01E-00007-00004100-00004530": "We have been using RAID Incentives for almost a year.", "sxI1FXek01E-00008-00004540-00005090": "We've had very good results because for instance", "sxI1FXek01E-00009-00005092-00005432": "regarding quick procesing times, we have a monthly process", "sxI1FXek01E-00010-00005440-00005900": "and we are able to fulfill the deadlines we are obliged to because", "sxI1FXek01E-00011-00005900-00006270": "obviously we have a cash flow that we have to respect", "sxI1FXek01E-00012-00006280-00006570": "and we are closing it every first day of the month", "sxI1FXek01E-00013-00006580-00006750": "the first working day of each month.", "sxI1FXek01E-00014-00006759-00007080": "So we are delivering as expected.", "sxI1FXek01E-00015-00007080-00007400": "Other aspects that have been very positive for instance", "sxI1FXek01E-00016-00007409-00007620": "have to do with support.", "sxI1FXek01E-00017-00007620-00007820": "First of all it is robust.", "sxI1FXek01E-00018-00007820-00008490": "We can run a lot of data and the process is stable,", "sxI1FXek01E-00019-00008490-00008790": "it keeps its uptime.", "sxI1FXek01E-00020-00008800-00009320": "Secondly, from the user perspective, it gives us the ability to create many rules", "sxI1FXek01E-00021-00009320-00009720": "and these rules can be actionable.", "sxI1FXek01E-00022-00009850-00010200": "And in third place, in particular for my team, the flexibility it gives us", "sxI1FXek01E-00023-00010210-00010550": "enables them to focus on other activities in parallel."}}, {"audio_id": "sysVC25UStY", "text": {"sysVC25UStY-00000-00000000-00000200": "Ekansgamerop minecraft"}}, {"audio_id": "syFuiPCftMk", "text": {"syFuiPCftMk-00000-00000079-00000376": "Born in 1876, William Bennett Bizzell was", "syFuiPCftMk-00001-00000376-00000744": "President of OU from 1926 to 1940.", "syFuiPCftMk-00002-00000744-00000951": "Bizzell oversaw enormous growth of the", "syFuiPCftMk-00003-00000951-00001208": "campus particularly during the 1930s", "syFuiPCftMk-00004-00001208-00001408": "through federal works projects including", "syFuiPCftMk-00005-00001408-00001664": "the Oklahoma Memorial Union, the biology", "syFuiPCftMk-00006-00001664-00001735": "building,", "syFuiPCftMk-00007-00001735-00001952": "much of the South Oval, the Stadium, and", "syFuiPCftMk-00008-00001952-00002072": "the Field House.", "syFuiPCftMk-00009-00002072-00002288": "He also oversaw vast improvements to the", "syFuiPCftMk-00010-00002288-00002480": "University's library system.", "syFuiPCftMk-00011-00002480-00002688": "The main branch of the OU library system", "syFuiPCftMk-00012-00002688-00002919": "bears his name.", "syFuiPCftMk-00013-00002919-00003080": "Welcome to the Peggy V. Helmerich Great", "syFuiPCftMk-00014-00003080-00003247": "Reading Room! Actress turned", "syFuiPCftMk-00015-00003247-00003407": "philanthropist, libraries and book", "syFuiPCftMk-00016-00003407-00003615": "awards bear Miss Helmerich's name.", "syFuiPCftMk-00017-00003615-00003792": "She was the nurse in the Jimmy Stewart", "syFuiPCftMk-00018-00003792-00004071": "film Harvey released in 1950.", "syFuiPCftMk-00019-00004071-00004207": "Her portrait hangs at the back of the", "syFuiPCftMk-00020-00004207-00004336": "Great Reading Room, and the other", "syFuiPCftMk-00021-00004336-00004487": "portraits here are from University", "syFuiPCftMk-00022-00004487-00004648": "Presidents up through David L.", "syFuiPCftMk-00023-00004648-00004992": "Boren. This is a quiet study area with", "syFuiPCftMk-00024-00004992-00005096": "Wi-Fi.", "syFuiPCftMk-00025-00005096-00005264": "Reflecting its early 20th Century", "syFuiPCftMk-00026-00005264-00005416": "construction, there are few places to", "syFuiPCftMk-00027-00005416-00005671": "plug in any electronic devices.", "syFuiPCftMk-00028-00005671-00005816": "Many students comment that this room", "syFuiPCftMk-00029-00005816-00005984": "reminds them of the dining hall in Harry", "syFuiPCftMk-00030-00005984-00006055": "Potter.", "syFuiPCftMk-00031-00006055-00006216": "To protect our beautiful inheritance", "syFuiPCftMk-00032-00006216-00006408": "though no butter beer or chocolate frogs", "syFuiPCftMk-00033-00006408-00006584": "are allowed.", "syFuiPCftMk-00034-00006584-00006768": "This room also contains the theses and", "syFuiPCftMk-00035-00006768-00006959": "dissertations of OU students.", "syFuiPCftMk-00036-00006959-00007159": "The decks are an area that OU students", "syFuiPCftMk-00037-00007159-00007311": "don't commonly see;", "syFuiPCftMk-00038-00007311-00007479": "if your search results say your book is", "syFuiPCftMk-00039-00007479-00007688": "in the decks, they'll be in here.", "syFuiPCftMk-00040-00007688-00007840": "You'll notice different call numbers on", "syFuiPCftMk-00041-00007840-00007959": "these as well as they are still", "syFuiPCftMk-00042-00007959-00008143": "cataloged under the old Dewey Decimal", "syFuiPCftMk-00043-00008143-00008232": "System.", "syFuiPCftMk-00044-00008232-00008400": "The decks still feature the glass floors", "syFuiPCftMk-00045-00008400-00008543": "and ceilings that would allow light to", "syFuiPCftMk-00046-00008543-00008608": "shine through", "syFuiPCftMk-00047-00008608-00008775": "before lighting was available on each", "syFuiPCftMk-00048-00008775-00009015": "floor.", "syFuiPCftMk-00049-00009015-00009288": "The 1958 edition cost 2.7 million", "syFuiPCftMk-00050-00009288-00009400": "dollars to build.", "syFuiPCftMk-00051-00009400-00009568": "The funds were raised on a bond issue", "syFuiPCftMk-00052-00009568-00009832": "that was paid in part by cigarette tax -", "syFuiPCftMk-00053-00009832-00010120": "smokers helped pay for the 1958 edition!", "syFuiPCftMk-00054-00010120-00010328": "Those days you could smoke anywhere even", "syFuiPCftMk-00055-00010328-00010479": "inside the Library.", "syFuiPCftMk-00056-00010479-00010624": "The desks were sealed with a special", "syFuiPCftMk-00057-00010624-00010775": "flame retardant finish so that those", "syFuiPCftMk-00058-00010775-00010960": "smokers wouldn't burn down the Library", "syFuiPCftMk-00059-00010960-00011175": "they helped fund.", "syFuiPCftMk-00060-00011175-00011407": "The '58 edition contains many of Bizzell's", "syFuiPCftMk-00061-00011407-00011592": "technology offerings including the IT", "syFuiPCftMk-00062-00011592-00011736": "Service Center where you can get help", "syFuiPCftMk-00063-00011736-00011888": "with your personal technology,", "syFuiPCftMk-00064-00011888-00012136": "the Edge (an open technology sandbox", "syFuiPCftMk-00065-00012136-00012343": "where you can 3d print prototypes, build", "syFuiPCftMk-00066-00012343-00012560": "electronic projects, or visualize data in", "syFuiPCftMk-00067-00012560-00012728": "virtual reality)", "syFuiPCftMk-00068-00012728-00012903": "and our ever-changing atmosphere-", "syFuiPCftMk-00069-00012903-00013087": "creating library exhibits.", "syFuiPCftMk-00070-00013087-00013263": "Main gallery exhibits are curated by", "syFuiPCftMk-00071-00013263-00013440": "faculty across departments, pop-up", "syFuiPCftMk-00072-00013440-00013616": "exhibits are frequently changed out and", "syFuiPCftMk-00073-00013616-00013808": "feature student research.", "syFuiPCftMk-00074-00013808-00013952": "The Sooner yearbooks are available at", "syFuiPCftMk-00075-00013952-00014152": "the end of the exhibits hall. Find your", "syFuiPCftMk-00076-00014152-00014200": "folks", "syFuiPCftMk-00077-00014200-00014384": "or, if you're first-gen like me, find", "syFuiPCftMk-00078-00014384-00014559": "other people's folks. It's a neat way to", "syFuiPCftMk-00079-00014559-00014744": "see how campus life has changed or", "syFuiPCftMk-00080-00014744-00015128": "hasn't in the last 100 plus years.", "syFuiPCftMk-00081-00015128-00015344": "The '58 edition also houses the Boorstin", "syFuiPCftMk-00082-00015344-00015512": "Collection, named after 20th century", "syFuiPCftMk-00083-00015512-00015600": "american historian", "syFuiPCftMk-00084-00015600-00015863": "Daniel Joseph Boorstin. Family restrooms", "syFuiPCftMk-00085-00015863-00016136": "are located outside the Boorstin room.", "syFuiPCftMk-00086-00016136-00016344": "The '82 edition features the circulation", "syFuiPCftMk-00087-00016344-00016528": "desk, the self-checkout kiosk, a", "syFuiPCftMk-00088-00016528-00016736": "computer lab with printers and scanners,", "syFuiPCftMk-00089-00016736-00016959": "a reference desk, and restrooms. The", "syFuiPCftMk-00090-00016959-00017128": "restrooms are located on each side of", "syFuiPCftMk-00091-00017128-00017359": "the West Entrance.", "syFuiPCftMk-00092-00017359-00017631": "Books, reserves for class, interlibrary", "syFuiPCftMk-00093-00017631-00017720": "loans,", "syFuiPCftMk-00094-00017720-00017904": "or a resource you found on the Library's", "syFuiPCftMk-00095-00017904-00018048": "discover page?", "syFuiPCftMk-00096-00018048-00018256": "This is where you can pick it up. Sooner", "syFuiPCftMk-00097-00018256-00018423": "Express books will be delivered here as", "syFuiPCftMk-00098-00018423-00018504": "well.", "syFuiPCftMk-00099-00018504-00018712": "Technology lending is free and available,", "syFuiPCftMk-00100-00018712-00018904": "including laptop computers,", "syFuiPCftMk-00101-00018904-00019128": "laptop and phone chargers, calculators,", "syFuiPCftMk-00102-00019128-00019336": "telescopes, and binoculars.", "syFuiPCftMk-00103-00019336-00019504": "All you have to do is stop by and talk", "syFuiPCftMk-00104-00019504-00019656": "with one of our friendly circulation", "syFuiPCftMk-00105-00019656-00019800": "staff members.", "syFuiPCftMk-00106-00019800-00020000": "Don't want to stand in line? Try our", "syFuiPCftMk-00107-00020000-00020136": "self-checkout station!", "syFuiPCftMk-00108-00020136-00020295": "All the convenience and none of the", "syFuiPCftMk-00109-00020295-00020479": "unexpected items in the baggage area", "syFuiPCftMk-00110-00020479-00020623": "woes.", "syFuiPCftMk-00111-00020623-00020864": "At the Research Help Desk, OU Libraries", "syFuiPCftMk-00112-00020864-00021031": "student employees will assist you with", "syFuiPCftMk-00113-00021031-00021184": "your research questions", "syFuiPCftMk-00114-00021184-00021336": "while also helping you become more", "syFuiPCftMk-00115-00021336-00021528": "comfortable and confident navigating the", "syFuiPCftMk-00116-00021528-00021823": "OU Libraries websites and databases.", "syFuiPCftMk-00117-00021823-00021992": "Our student workers can also help you", "syFuiPCftMk-00118-00021992-00022151": "schedule a research consultation", "syFuiPCftMk-00119-00022151-00022304": "appointment with a librarian of your", "syFuiPCftMk-00120-00022304-00022408": "major.", "syFuiPCftMk-00121-00022408-00022568": "The Helmerich Collaborative Learning Center", "syFuiPCftMk-00122-00022568-00022720": "and the Learning Lab are located on", "syFuiPCftMk-00123-00022720-00022864": "Lower Level 1.", "syFuiPCftMk-00124-00022864-00023048": "Here, OU students have access to", "syFuiPCftMk-00125-00023048-00023200": "collaborative and individual study", "syFuiPCftMk-00126-00023200-00023392": "spaces as well as assistance from other", "syFuiPCftMk-00127-00023392-00023568": "campus services that support student", "syFuiPCftMk-00128-00023568-00023640": "success,", "syFuiPCftMk-00129-00023640-00023831": "such as the OU Writing Center and UC", "syFuiPCftMk-00130-00023831-00023976": "Action.", "syFuiPCftMk-00131-00023976-00024136": "The Helmerich Collaborative Learning Center", "syFuiPCftMk-00132-00024136-00024328": "has eight collaborative study rooms.", "syFuiPCftMk-00133-00024328-00024520": "These rooms are technology enabled to", "syFuiPCftMk-00134-00024520-00024720": "help facilitate group study projects and", "syFuiPCftMk-00135-00024720-00025008": "can be reserved at the link on screen.", "syFuiPCftMk-00136-00025008-00025159": "For students who need some noise but", "syFuiPCftMk-00137-00025159-00025343": "prefer to study alone there are individual", "syFuiPCftMk-00138-00025343-00025472": "study tables on the east", "syFuiPCftMk-00139-00025472-00025800": "end of the Learning Lab. Lower Level 2 is", "syFuiPCftMk-00140-00025800-00025983": "a faculty and graduate floor.", "syFuiPCftMk-00141-00025983-00026168": "However, undergrad students can access", "syFuiPCftMk-00142-00026168-00026360": "the Canyon Garden on Lower Level 2 by", "syFuiPCftMk-00143-00026360-00026639": "following the carpeted path.", "syFuiPCftMk-00144-00026639-00026808": "Thanks for joining me on this quick tour,", "syFuiPCftMk-00145-00026808-00027016": "and come see us at Bizzell Memorial or any", "syFuiPCftMk-00146-00027016-00027168": "of our branch libraries.", "syFuiPCftMk-00147-00027168-00027500": "Your future will thank you!"}}, {"audio_id": "szTE6rKOYHy", "text": {"szTE6rKOYHy-00000-00000061-00001216": "Inside every mind, if you look, you will find There’s a child who never grew old", "szTE6rKOYHy-00001-00001216-00003597": "Who sings to the trees, like nobody can see With a fire that never went cold", "szTE6rKOYHy-00002-00003597-00004069": "He looks up to the stars, and the moon, and at Mars", "szTE6rKOYHy-00003-00004069-00005057": "And the endless expanse of the sky Devoid of all doubt, just a question of how", "szTE6rKOYHy-00004-00005057-00005532": "To climb up to the heavens and fly", "szTE6rKOYHy-00005-00005532-00006070": "But time is advancing A drip, then a flood", "szTE6rKOYHy-00006-00006070-00006531": "He’s adrift while you’re stuck on the shore", "szTE6rKOYHy-00007-00006531-00007904": "And he sails away to the depths of our brains And we can’t seem to dream anymore", "szTE6rKOYHy-00008-00007904-00008518": "With the passing of days, we get lost in the maze", "szTE6rKOYHy-00009-00008518-00009422": "That we built out of habit and fear The longer we run, the more lost we become", "szTE6rKOYHy-00010-00009422-00009844": "As the days disappear into years", "szTE6rKOYHy-00011-00010824-00011372": "When we’re sleeping in bed, the child in our heads", "szTE6rKOYHy-00012-00011372-00012316": "Is reminding us how to break out But the moment we wake, it just up and escapes", "szTE6rKOYHy-00013-00012317-00012761": "And we’re back to the fear and doubt", "szTE6rKOYHy-00014-00012761-00013265": "But the answer’s inside us, it never did leave", "szTE6rKOYHy-00015-00013265-00013676": "We just never believed it before", "szTE6rKOYHy-00016-00013676-00014269": "Well, I’m done with the maze for the rest of my days", "szTE6rKOYHy-00017-00014269-00015465": "I’m not wasting my dreams anymore No, I’m not wasting my dreams anymore"}}, {"audio_id": "s-LSblnPyFA", "text": {"s-LSblnPyFA-00000-00000222-00000361": "- I wanted to take a moment", "s-LSblnPyFA-00001-00000361-00000782": "to acknowledge that you're doing great.", "s-LSblnPyFA-00002-00000782-00001282": "So we are here in Japan and there's this whole process,", "s-LSblnPyFA-00003-00001348-00001671": "it's like this tax refund process where, as a tourist,", "s-LSblnPyFA-00004-00001671-00002076": "you get a refund on a certain consumption tax.", "s-LSblnPyFA-00005-00002076-00002576": "And we kept reading online that it was", "s-LSblnPyFA-00006-00002638-00002792": "this really easy process", "s-LSblnPyFA-00007-00002792-00003151": "and Japan had made it really easy to claim your tax refund.", "s-LSblnPyFA-00008-00003151-00003318": "But we've been here almost,", "s-LSblnPyFA-00009-00003318-00003551": "well, for a whole week and we still", "s-LSblnPyFA-00010-00003551-00003857": "have not really figured out how it works.", "s-LSblnPyFA-00011-00003857-00004060": "We've been carrying around these receipts", "s-LSblnPyFA-00012-00004060-00004355": "and we keep going and we're trying to get our tax refunds.", "s-LSblnPyFA-00013-00004355-00004515": "And people are like, \"No.\"", "s-LSblnPyFA-00014-00004515-00004921": "And then there are all these steps and processes and things", "s-LSblnPyFA-00015-00004921-00005187": "that we need to be able to claim our tax refund", "s-LSblnPyFA-00016-00005187-00005436": "that we just didn't know about or couldn't figure out.", "s-LSblnPyFA-00017-00005436-00005647": "Like, we have to have our passport", "s-LSblnPyFA-00018-00005647-00005853": "and we have to go to the same store", "s-LSblnPyFA-00019-00005853-00006041": "that we made the purchase at", "s-LSblnPyFA-00020-00006041-00006502": "with the items and also with the receipt", "s-LSblnPyFA-00021-00006502-00006866": "and it has to be on the same day that we made the purchase.", "s-LSblnPyFA-00022-00006866-00007012": "And we didn't know any of these things.", "s-LSblnPyFA-00023-00007012-00007291": "And then there's some things about consumables", "s-LSblnPyFA-00024-00007291-00007670": "versus non-consumables and then they can't be mixed.", "s-LSblnPyFA-00025-00007670-00008058": "And so it's this really kind of complicated process", "s-LSblnPyFA-00026-00008058-00008519": "that we, even as smart people like yourselves,", "s-LSblnPyFA-00027-00008519-00008713": "cannot figure out.", "s-LSblnPyFA-00028-00008713-00009064": "And sometimes, as attorneys,", "s-LSblnPyFA-00029-00009064-00009290": "we think it's kind of a no-brainer.", "s-LSblnPyFA-00030-00009290-00009554": "We're like why wouldn't somebody do like a trust", "s-LSblnPyFA-00031-00009554-00009842": "or put together an asset-protection plan?", "s-LSblnPyFA-00032-00009842-00010149": "And it's because we're used to it.", "s-LSblnPyFA-00033-00010149-00010480": "We live and breathe this all the time.", "s-LSblnPyFA-00034-00010480-00010974": "And so for us, it's not a very complicated process", "s-LSblnPyFA-00035-00010974-00011217": "because we know all the steps involved", "s-LSblnPyFA-00036-00011217-00011431": "and all the documents needed.", "s-LSblnPyFA-00037-00011431-00011898": "But for other people, I am just acknowledging", "s-LSblnPyFA-00038-00011898-00012324": "that you're doing great by hiring a guide", "s-LSblnPyFA-00039-00012324-00012630": "to move you through this process", "s-LSblnPyFA-00040-00012630-00012960": "that can seem really overwhelming and confusing.", "s-LSblnPyFA-00041-00013060-00013244": "And that it's perfectly normal", "s-LSblnPyFA-00042-00013244-00013548": "that you're confused by all the information out there."}}, {"audio_id": "s-XERx1m6eY", "text": {"s-XERx1m6eY-00000-00001932-00002808": "Hello, in our last lecture we had described the concept of force, in classical mechanics", "s-XERx1m6eY-00001-00002891-00003590": "force is well known. We discussed how we redefine it when we come to the special theory of relativity", "s-XERx1m6eY-00002-00003929-00004619": "then we realized that the way we define force in the special theory of relativity the acceleration", "s-XERx1m6eY-00003-00004619-00005153": "And force need not be in the same direction, while in classical mechanics, if I apply force", "s-XERx1m6eY-00004-00005153-00005764": "in a particular direction the acceleration is also in the same direction, but in relativity", "s-XERx1m6eY-00005-00005764-00006464": "it is not like that it need not be like that. Then we consider two special cases; one when", "s-XERx1m6eY-00006-00006672-00007218": "we are talking of only one dimensional motion. It means that the force is being applied in", "s-XERx1m6eY-00007-00007218-00007918": "the same direction as the velocity of the particle, and a situation in which the force", "s-XERx1m6eY-00008-00007964-00008571": "is applied perpendicular to the direction of velocity. In these two cases we found out", "s-XERx1m6eY-00009-00008571-00009089": "that the force and the acceleration will turn out to be the same, will turn out to be in", "s-XERx1m6eY-00010-00009089-00009628": "the same direction, sorry will turn out to be in the same direction; these are the things", "s-XERx1m6eY-00011-00009628-00009825": "that we discussed last time.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00012-00009825-00010482": "So, we recapitulate, we discussed the definition of force and relativity, the acceleration", "s-XERx1m6eY-00013-00010482-00011182": "in general is not in the same direction as force. We considered two special cases when", "s-XERx1m6eY-00014-00011192-00011744": "force and acceleration are in the same direction and this is what I have just now told these", "s-XERx1m6eY-00015-00011744-00012254": "two are the two special cases; one where the motion is along the line, and the force is", "s-XERx1m6eY-00016-00012254-00012747": "applied along the direction of velocity. And the second condition, when the force is", "s-XERx1m6eY-00017-00012747-00013372": "applied perpendicular to the direction of velocity of the particle. In the last lecture,", "s-XERx1m6eY-00018-00013372-00014013": "we had sort of said that we should we will find out the equivalent of what we call is", "s-XERx1m6eY-00019-00014013-00014650": "parametric equations using these definition of force in relativity. So, we will spend", "s-XERx1m6eY-00020-00014650-00015174": "some time today to discuss that particular aspect then of course we will talk about the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00021-00015174-00015371": "force transformation.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00022-00015371-00016071": "So, this is the equation that we have derived earlier force multiplied by time. Let us just", "s-XERx1m6eY-00023-00016487-00017187": "recapitulate the nomenclatures u naught is the initial velocity of the particle. If force", "s-XERx1m6eY-00024-00017187-00017687": "is applied in the same direction of velocity of the particle was the force is applied in", "s-XERx1m6eY-00025-00017687-00018107": "the same direction as the velocity of the particle and the motion is only in one direction.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00026-00018107-00018645": "We are not talking about the vector signs, so we have remove the vector signs. So, u", "s-XERx1m6eY-00027-00018645-00019334": "naught is the initial velocity of the particle or we now call initial speed of the particle", "s-XERx1m6eY-00028-00019334-00019993": "and a constant force is applied for a time t and after time t, u t is the final velocity", "s-XERx1m6eY-00029-00019993-00020565": "of the particle. This u here, there is a u t here there is a u naught here, there is", "s-XERx1m6eY-00030-00020565-00021041": "a u naught here and m naught of course, the rest mass of the particle.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00031-00021041-00021741": "So, this is the equation which we had derived last time which relates force to the final", "s-XERx1m6eY-00032-00021954-00022357": "velocity of the particle and the initial velocity of the particle of course, it assumes that", "s-XERx1m6eY-00033-00022357-00023035": "force is constant as a function of time. So, my next step would be to find out this u t", "s-XERx1m6eY-00034-00023035-00023538": "as a function of time, so that I can directly get one equation from which I can find out", "s-XERx1m6eY-00035-00023538-00024079": "the speed of the particle this is the way the traditional kinematic equations in classical", "s-XERx1m6eY-00036-00024079-00024656": "mechanics are derived. So, let us attempt to do that.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00037-00024656-00025356": "This is what I have written this equation can be rewritten in a different form to enable", "s-XERx1m6eY-00038-00025363-00025926": "us to calculate the speed after a given time t, when a particle is subjected to a force", "s-XERx1m6eY-00039-00025926-00026543": "F in one dimension motion which essentially means, reorganization of these terms because", "s-XERx1m6eY-00040-00026543-00026930": "the equation has already been obtained. It is only sort of reorganizing the term, so", "s-XERx1m6eY-00041-00026930-00027452": "that by direct substitution I can find out the velocity at a particular time when a constant", "s-XERx1m6eY-00042-00027452-00028036": "force is applied to the particle. So, let us try to reorganize these terms.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00043-00028036-00028736": "So, this was my equation which we have just now written and explained. I define a quantity", "s-XERx1m6eY-00044-00028933-00029633": "A is not a very standard symbol, we just force divided by m naught rest mass of the particle", "s-XERx1m6eY-00045-00029672-00030080": "this I am calling as A which is some sort of acceleration. You know in some sense because", "s-XERx1m6eY-00046-00030080-00030715": "it has the dimension of acceleration, but I am writing it as capital A. If I take this", "s-XERx1m6eY-00047-00030715-00031383": "define f by m naught as capital A then this m naught which is appearing in both these", "s-XERx1m6eY-00048-00031383-00031970": "equations can be brought here. We brought it here this becomes F of one m naught and", "s-XERx1m6eY-00049-00031970-00032670": "this quantity will become A this 1 upon under root 1 minus u naught upon u naught square", "s-XERx1m6eY-00050-00032846-00033187": "upon c square. I can write as gamma u naught which is the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00051-00033187-00033768": "standard nomenclature which we have been always using it if this quantity can be written A", "s-XERx1m6eY-00052-00033768-00034408": "gamma u naught. This will become gamma u naught multiplied by u naught this quantity I take", "s-XERx1m6eY-00053-00034408-00034930": "on their right hand side because this I had divided by m naught. This becomes this quantity", "s-XERx1m6eY-00054-00034930-00035484": "becomes A t m naught disappears from the right hand side of these equations.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00055-00035484-00036116": "This equation I take it this side and write in the form of gamma u naught, it is the left", "s-XERx1m6eY-00056-00036116-00036816": "hand side become A multiplied by t plus gamma u naught u naught. So, this term remains exactly", "s-XERx1m6eY-00057-00036861-00037521": "as becomes except for m naught which we have already taken by replacing f by A from the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00058-00037521-00038221": "right hand side, we just have u t upon under root 1 minus u t square by c square.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00059-00038313-00038853": "My idea is to write u t in terms of everything, so what I will do I will square this quantity", "s-XERx1m6eY-00060-00038853-00039488": "and try to solve for u t. It is a simple very simple algebra, but just arrive at the equation", "s-XERx1m6eY-00061-00039488-00040031": "which is comparative simplified equation top determine final velocity in most of the kinematic", "s-XERx1m6eY-00062-00040031-00040530": "problems that we are used to the classical mechanics. Essentially, you are given force", "s-XERx1m6eY-00063-00040530-00041162": "and given acceleration and you have to find out the velocity of the particle at a particular", "s-XERx1m6eY-00064-00041162-00041240": "time.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00065-00041240-00041768": "This is what I am doing in the next transparent sheet; this is the same equation what I had", "s-XERx1m6eY-00066-00041768-00042237": "written in the last transparent sheet exactly the same I have squared it. I have squared", "s-XERx1m6eY-00067-00042237-00042937": "it this becomes this square A t plus gamma u naught u naught A t plus gamma u naught", "s-XERx1m6eY-00068-00043008-00043687": "u naught squared, when I square the right hand side this will become u t square and", "s-XERx1m6eY-00069-00043687-00044178": "in the denominator the under root will go away. So, it will become just 1 minus u t", "s-XERx1m6eY-00070-00044178-00044800": "square by c square this I take on the left hand side this will get multiplied to this", "s-XERx1m6eY-00071-00044800-00045287": "particular quantity c squared this is what is happening here.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00072-00045287-00045856": "This quantity after squaring and bringing to the left hand side becomes 1 minus u t", "s-XERx1m6eY-00073-00045856-00046440": "square upon c square this quantity squared is put here becomes equal to u t square. Now,", "s-XERx1m6eY-00074-00046440-00047140": "it is simple we have tried to organize the terms with u t square collect all the terms", "s-XERx1m6eY-00075-00047359-00047944": "that have u t square and those terms, which do not have u t square and solve for u t square", "s-XERx1m6eY-00076-00047944-00048565": "this is what I am doing in the next transparent sheet. So, this u t square term has just been", "s-XERx1m6eY-00077-00048565-00048693": "taken on the other hand side.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00078-00048693-00049393": "Let me just work it out we had 1 minus u t square by c square and here we have this quantity", "s-XERx1m6eY-00079-00050268-00050968": "A t plus gamma u naught u naught square, whole square is equal to u t square. If I take one", "s-XERx1m6eY-00080-00051603-00052090": "and multiply this, this becomes a constant quantity and this in retain on the left hand", "s-XERx1m6eY-00081-00052090-00052790": "side this becomes A t plus gamma u naught u naught square, this contains u t square.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00082-00053523-00054129": "So, I take it on the other hand side, so this becomes u t square this term will give you", "s-XERx1m6eY-00083-00054129-00054829": "one and because this I am changing to right hand side. So, this negative will become plus", "s-XERx1m6eY-00084-00055007-00055707": "this whole quantity divided by c square this is what this equation would look like this", "s-XERx1m6eY-00085-00056040-00056416": "is what I am writing in the next transparent sheet precisely.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00086-00056416-00057116": "If you look here at the transparent sheet, A t plus gamma u gamma u naught u naught square", "s-XERx1m6eY-00087-00057173-00057873": "and this u t square 1 plus A t plus gamma u naught u naught square divided by c square,", "s-XERx1m6eY-00088-00057960-00058652": "after that simple I divide this quantity on the both both the side. So, left hand side", "s-XERx1m6eY-00089-00058652-00059352": "becomes this divided by this square, and then I take another root once I do that this is", "s-XERx1m6eY-00090-00059400-00060100": "the value of u t which I get u t once I take the under root this just becomes A t plus", "s-XERx1m6eY-00091-00060100-00060665": "gamma u naught u naught this is on the numerator this gets divided.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00092-00060665-00061290": "So, this becomes 1 plus A t plus gamma u naught u naught square by c square and of course,", "s-XERx1m6eY-00093-00061290-00061773": "because I am taking another root, so this becomes another root. So, this equation would", "s-XERx1m6eY-00094-00061773-00062408": "tell me if I know what is the value of A that is f upon m naught, if I know what is the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00095-00062408-00063108": "force and if I know what is the initial velocity u naught. Then if you tell me what is going", "s-XERx1m6eY-00096-00063139-00063811": "to be the speed of the particle after time t of course it assumes very clearly that motion", "s-XERx1m6eY-00097-00063811-00064291": "has to be only along a single line, because if the motion is not along the single line", "s-XERx1m6eY-00098-00064291-00064837": "these equations will not work unlike kinematic equations where you could take the components", "s-XERx1m6eY-00099-00064837-00065213": "and write those equations here. It is very clear in this case that force and", "s-XERx1m6eY-00100-00065213-00065496": "acceleration would not be in the same direction. So, in this case one has to be careful it", "s-XERx1m6eY-00101-00065496-00066113": "is only for the one dimensional motion, that I can write this type of equation. And as", "s-XERx1m6eY-00102-00066113-00066496": "you have seen this equation is much more complicated than the usual kinematic equation that we", "s-XERx1m6eY-00103-00066496-00067196": "have been used to writing v is equal to u plus a t. Suppose, we are opting this equation", "s-XERx1m6eY-00104-00067426-00068017": "of velocity as a function of time and also like to find out the distance travelled by", "s-XERx1m6eY-00105-00068017-00068417": "the particle in the same time t and at the same conditions.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00106-00068417-00068987": "This is an equivalent of the kinematic equation that we write s is equal to u t plus half", "s-XERx1m6eY-00107-00068987-00069536": "a t square, which tells you that if you know the acceleration then you know what is the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00108-00069536-00069979": "distance travelled by the particle in a given time t. Of course, knowing the initial velocity", "s-XERx1m6eY-00109-00069979-00070591": "u equivalent of that equation can be d found out by integrating this particular equation", "s-XERx1m6eY-00110-00070591-00071104": "and that is what I will do, next to find out the distance travelled by the particle in", "s-XERx1m6eY-00111-00071104-00071585": "a given time t.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00112-00071585-00072008": "This is what I have written here the equation gives the speed of the particle with initial", "s-XERx1m6eY-00113-00072008-00072606": "speed u naught after time t under a constant force F. Force is very clear that may repeat", "s-XERx1m6eY-00114-00072606-00073286": "I assume that the motion is in one dimension, force is applied in the same direction in", "s-XERx1m6eY-00115-00073286-00073645": "which the velocity of the particle exist.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00116-00073645-00074261": "We can integrate the above equation further to find the distance travelled by the particle", "s-XERx1m6eY-00117-00074261-00074961": "that is what I said and going to do next. For that matter, let us just assume for simplicity", "s-XERx1m6eY-00118-00075007-00075707": "that this is along the x direction, because we are talking only of one particle frame,", "s-XERx1m6eY-00119-00075718-00076130": "there is no question of transformation as of now. So, you have just a frame and you", "s-XERx1m6eY-00120-00076130-00076796": "would like to know you have a particular particle which is moving in a particular direction.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00121-00076796-00077496": "Let us assume that this particular dimension direction is x direction just for simplicity.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00122-00077524-00078224": "Therefore, once I try to integrate this equation this u t can be written as d x d t, because", "s-XERx1m6eY-00123-00079414-00079814": "the motion is along the x direction.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00124-00079814-00080514": "Therefore, if I write this u t as d x d t this equation becomes d x and I take d t on", "s-XERx1m6eY-00125-00080929-00081629": "the right hand side, so this whole thing to d t after that I can integrate it, this is", "s-XERx1m6eY-00126-00082175-00082875": "what I have written. This particular transparent sheet 0 to x d x assuming that the particle", "s-XERx1m6eY-00127-00083006-00083642": "starts at time t is equal to 0 from x is equal to 0. Of course, we assume the time starts", "s-XERx1m6eY-00128-00083642-00084210": "from the time when we are trying to measure the distance and goes after time t here, x", "s-XERx1m6eY-00129-00084210-00084716": "is total distance travelled by the particle. I have to integrate this particular equation", "s-XERx1m6eY-00130-00084716-00085293": "once I integrate this equation then I can find out what will value of distance that", "s-XERx1m6eY-00131-00085293-00085993": "the particle travels at this particular time t, like before I would like to take the indefinite", "s-XERx1m6eY-00132-00086112-00086440": "form of this integral and solve. Of course, the left hand side is very simple because", "s-XERx1m6eY-00133-00086440-00086926": "this just gives you the value of x because once I integrate, I will get x and if you", "s-XERx1m6eY-00134-00086926-00087416": "put the limit this will just be x. So, the left hand side is obvious trivial only the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00135-00087416-00087852": "right hand side has to be integrated though the integral looks complicated, but you can", "s-XERx1m6eY-00136-00087852-00088488": "see that this integral as you will see this integral can be evaluated. So, let us go to", "s-XERx1m6eY-00137-00088488-00089188": "your next transparent sheet, where I write indefinite form.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00138-00089200-00089812": "Let us solve right hand side integral in indefinite form by using a substitution, I take a substitution", "s-XERx1m6eY-00139-00089812-00090462": "and using that particular substitution I will able to solve this integral.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00140-00090462-00090793": "So, this right hand side integral which I have written, I have removed the limits because", "s-XERx1m6eY-00141-00090793-00091104": "I want to solve this in indefinite form just to make things easy. You could have done the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00142-00091104-00091769": "other way also if you like it and I out the substitution this particular quantity which", "s-XERx1m6eY-00143-00091769-00092469": "is under the root 1 plus A t plus gamma u naught u naught divided by c square. Of course,", "s-XERx1m6eY-00144-00092568-00093229": "this quantity is also squared this whole quantity within the bracket. I write as sub variable", "s-XERx1m6eY-00145-00093229-00093841": "that I am just taking this variable to be p to sub variable which is put here, which", "s-XERx1m6eY-00146-00093841-00094416": "is put inside the bracket. Suppose, I take this for substitution I have", "s-XERx1m6eY-00147-00094416-00095051": "to change this by variables integration also from d t to d p, for that I have to differentiate", "s-XERx1m6eY-00148-00095051-00095606": "this quantity. Once I differentiate this quantity on the right hand side I will get d p, but", "s-XERx1m6eY-00149-00095606-00096114": "let me try to first differentiate this particular quantity. If I differentiate 1 I will get", "s-XERx1m6eY-00150-00096114-00096603": "one times m, so I will get 0, so that does not contribute to the differential.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00151-00096603-00097303": "Once, I start differentiating this, this whole square is multiplied by constant 1 upon c", "s-XERx1m6eY-00152-00097319-00098019": "square or rather multiplied by a constant c square, this constant c square will remain", "s-XERx1m6eY-00153-00098044-00098710": "as it is in fact that is a reason this c square have taken on the right hand side. Then I", "s-XERx1m6eY-00154-00098710-00099130": "have to differentiate this quantity which is on the numerator, if I differentiate that", "s-XERx1m6eY-00155-00099130-00099781": "particular quantity this is f x square or rather f t square. So, first I have to differentiate", "s-XERx1m6eY-00156-00099781-00100354": "assuming f t to be one single variable this becomes two times f t, so this becomes 2 multiplied", "s-XERx1m6eY-00157-00100354-00100985": "by this quantity, which is in the bracket which is a multiplied by t plus gamma u naught", "s-XERx1m6eY-00158-00100985-00101287": "u naught. Then I have to differentiate this quantity", "s-XERx1m6eY-00159-00101287-00101685": "in the bracket itself, once I differentiate this quantity in the bracket you know I have", "s-XERx1m6eY-00160-00101685-00102324": "to find out d f d t and for that this quantity is constant, initial velocity is constant", "s-XERx1m6eY-00161-00102324-00102926": "then gamma u naught is also constant. Then this quantity when I differentiate I just", "s-XERx1m6eY-00162-00102926-00103626": "get A, so this A this 2 is because of this differential this A is because of this differential", "s-XERx1m6eY-00163-00103734-00104195": "and divided by c square. I have taken on the right hand side, so what", "s-XERx1m6eY-00164-00104195-00104895": "I get 2 A t plus gamma u naught u naught A d t is c square d p what I will do here. I", "s-XERx1m6eY-00165-00105091-00105750": "have A t plus gamma u naught u naught this particular quantity I will replace by c square", "s-XERx1m6eY-00166-00105750-00106450": "d p. Of course, this multiplied by d p, I will replace by c square d p, d by 2 A this", "s-XERx1m6eY-00167-00106726-00107184": "what I am doing in the next transparent sheet.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00168-00107184-00107884": "This was my original integral this quantity I have written as p, so this becomes under", "s-XERx1m6eY-00169-00107894-00108594": "p. And as it is discussed this multiplied by d p, can be written as c square divided", "s-XERx1m6eY-00170-00108660-00109360": "by 2 A multiplied by d p this is what I have written c square upon 2 A is constant.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00171-00109378-00110078": "So, I can take it out and what remains here is the integral of 1 upon under root p, which", "s-XERx1m6eY-00172-00111113-00111813": "becomes integral of p to the power minus half d p. This will become n plus 1 which becomes", "s-XERx1m6eY-00173-00112436-00113136": "3 by sorry minus half this becomes p to the power half must be divided by half. So, this", "s-XERx1m6eY-00174-00113586-00114246": "becomes 2 p to the power half, so this is p to the power half is at the root p, this", "s-XERx1m6eY-00175-00114246-00114834": "what I have written here, in this particular transparent sheet c square divided by 2 A", "s-XERx1m6eY-00176-00114834-00115534": "multiplied by 2 p. This two of course, cancels out and then what I get is c square by 2 A", "s-XERx1m6eY-00177-00115578-00116161": "root p. So, this rather easy integral to solve not all that difficult I substitute the value", "s-XERx1m6eY-00178-00116161-00116743": "of p and then put that into the integral, then I will get x as a function of p in fact", "s-XERx1m6eY-00179-00116743-00116950": "p contains time.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00180-00116950-00117650": "So, now the integral as I said becomes c square by a under root p, so this quantity was p", "s-XERx1m6eY-00181-00117844-00118391": "which we had defined it of course, depend on time and depends on A which is f upon m", "s-XERx1m6eY-00182-00118391-00119091": "naught. We can substitute that into the integral and we can write the full integral and the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00183-00119301-00119941": "solution of the full integral by putting limits, if I put the limit I have to I mean the left", "s-XERx1m6eY-00184-00119941-00120388": "hand side was very clear because it was integral of d x. So, first you put the limits you just", "s-XERx1m6eY-00185-00120388-00120965": "get x, but here when you put the limit you have to put the limit t and subtract minus", "s-XERx1m6eY-00186-00120965-00121411": "put t is equal to 0 and then get the answer. So, this is what I will be doing in the next", "s-XERx1m6eY-00187-00121411-00121841": "transparent sheet taking this write it.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00188-00121841-00122541": "So, that it makes little clear quantity written here was just c square by A 1 plus A t plus", "s-XERx1m6eY-00189-00122975-00123675": "gamma u naught u naught square divided by c square, first quantity when I put the limit", "s-XERx1m6eY-00190-00124044-00124744": "t this quantity remains identical. So, when I put 0 then have to subtract whatever I get", "s-XERx1m6eY-00191-00125080-00125780": "substitute u 0, if I substitute 0 you will get c square by A and the root 1 plus gamma", "s-XERx1m6eY-00192-00125928-00126628": "u naught u naught, from there is no square here gamma naught u naught divided by c square.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00193-00127851-00128389": "This is what I am writing in the next transparent sheet here, that x is equal to c square by", "s-XERx1m6eY-00194-00128389-00128483": "A.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00195-00128483-00129183": "This quantity remains as it is, minus c square upon A under root 1 plus gamma u naught u", "s-XERx1m6eY-00196-00129242-00129942": "naught upon c whole square. As you can see that this equation is also much more complicated", "s-XERx1m6eY-00197-00130108-00130604": "than simple equation s is equal to u t plus half a t square, which we have been using", "s-XERx1m6eY-00198-00130604-00131218": "for kinematics in the traditional classical mechanics. Now, what this equation can give", "s-XERx1m6eY-00199-00131218-00131918": "me x the distance travelled by the particle in time t, if the particle starts with a speed", "s-XERx1m6eY-00200-00131977-00132571": "u naught and is under the influence of a force F and it has a rest mass m naught.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00201-00132571-00133265": "So, a is equal to F upon m naught of force assuming that the motion is purely in one", "s-XERx1m6eY-00202-00133265-00133862": "dimension this is where the equivalent of the kinematic equations, we are used to in", "s-XERx1m6eY-00203-00133862-00134470": "kinematics in classical mechanics. Now, let us go to the next step which is crucial for", "s-XERx1m6eY-00204-00134470-00135069": "us to arrive at the transformation of electric field and magnetic field that we are going", "s-XERx1m6eY-00205-00135069-00135769": "to discuss, as the last topic for this course. So, question is that if I know the force of", "s-XERx1m6eY-00206-00135938-00136638": "the particle in a given plane what will happen to the force as we viewed by another frame.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00207-00136813-00137454": "This what we call then transformation we have been talking about momentum transformation,", "s-XERx1m6eY-00208-00137454-00137720": "we have been talking about momentum transformation, but it means that I know the velocity components", "s-XERx1m6eY-00209-00137720-00138192": "in a given frame and I want to find out the velocity components of the same particles", "s-XERx1m6eY-00210-00138192-00138892": "in a different frame. Similarly, I know the momentum components in the given frame and", "s-XERx1m6eY-00211-00138924-00139368": "I want to find out the momentum components in a different frame.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00212-00139368-00140010": "Now, my question is if I know what are the force components F x, F y, F z, I would like", "s-XERx1m6eY-00213-00140010-00140585": "to find out what are the F x, F y, F z in different frame. In classical mechanics they", "s-XERx1m6eY-00214-00140585-00141077": "are expected to be same, but as we will be seeing in relative mechanics they do not turn", "s-XERx1m6eY-00215-00141077-00141777": "out to be same the force components all four are framed. Remember, F is equal to d v d", "s-XERx1m6eY-00216-00141896-00142596": "t, so once you are talking of transformation of momentum how we are going to transform", "s-XERx1m6eY-00217-00142775-00142898": "the force.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00218-00142898-00143380": "This in have written as transformation force with the new definition of force in place.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00219-00143380-00143873": "Let us try to see if it is transformation to seek its transformation as we change the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00220-00143873-00144397": "frame, I know the components of force in a given direction what are the components of", "s-XERx1m6eY-00221-00144397-00144998": "a force in a different frame on that, what we will do? We will go back to the concept", "s-XERx1m6eY-00222-00144998-00145577": "of fierce vector, which we have been using earlier we had defined the Lorentz transformation", "s-XERx1m6eY-00223-00145577-00145934": "in terms of four vector. We have defined velocity transformation in", "s-XERx1m6eY-00224-00145934-00146572": "terms of force vector and we defined energy momentum in terms of force vector. So, let", "s-XERx1m6eY-00225-00146572-00147272": "us try to construct a force four vector and if I am able to construct a force, four vector", "s-XERx1m6eY-00226-00147404-00147930": "obviously that will give me the transformation of force, so that is the way I will look into", "s-XERx1m6eY-00227-00147930-00148630": "it, I will first try to define the force four vector.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00228-00148945-00149645": "As you have said earlier define the momentum four vector, as this the notation that we", "s-XERx1m6eY-00229-00149814-00150399": "have used if you remember is that these are the four components of the four vector, first", "s-XERx1m6eY-00230-00150399-00150985": "three components are x, y and z. Components of momentum of the particle, first component", "s-XERx1m6eY-00231-00150985-00151672": "is p x second component is p y third component is p z and the fourth component of momentum", "s-XERx1m6eY-00232-00151672-00152335": "called momentum or normally call momentum energy. Four vectors are dependent on the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00233-00152335-00152789": "total relativistic energy of the particle and in the notation that we have used.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00234-00152789-00153489": "We write it as i E by C, where E is the total energy, total relativistic energy of the particle.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00235-00153703-00154314": "Obviously, if I have to construct a momentum for force, I have to differentiate with respect", "s-XERx1m6eY-00236-00154314-00154847": "to time or I have to differentiate differentiate something; I have to differentiate this with", "s-XERx1m6eY-00237-00154847-00155448": "respect to something that has a dimension of time. If I differentiate this with respect", "s-XERx1m6eY-00238-00155448-00156041": "to d t again we land into the same problem, where we are trying to construct from a displacement", "s-XERx1m6eY-00239-00156041-00156669": "four vector to a velocity four vector because d t is a frame dependent quantity, time interval.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00240-00156669-00157369": "If we take a particular time a moment of the particle and at a little later time the moment", "s-XERx1m6eY-00241-00157401-00158101": "of the particle is the difference this delta t time is a frame dependent quantity. If I", "s-XERx1m6eY-00242-00158176-00158764": "differentiate this particular thing with d t, then I will not be able to get the four", "s-XERx1m6eY-00243-00158764-00159430": "vectors because in that case d t will be frame dependent quantity. If I have to construct", "s-XERx1m6eY-00244-00159430-00159869": "another four vectors out of this I have to multiply or divide with something which is", "s-XERx1m6eY-00245-00159869-00160462": "a four scalar which does not depend on the frame, this we have discussed earlier.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00246-00160462-00161162": "If you realize if you remember it is a proper time interval which is frame independent quantity.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00247-00161171-00161708": "Therefore, if I have to construct a force four vector from a moment four vector I cannot", "s-XERx1m6eY-00248-00161708-00162226": "differentiate with respect to d t, which is different in different frame I must differentiate", "s-XERx1m6eY-00249-00162226-00162773": "with respect to d tau. The proper time interval because d tau is a frame independent quantity,", "s-XERx1m6eY-00250-00162773-00163413": "if you change your frame d tau will not change. Therefore, if I have to take a force four", "s-XERx1m6eY-00251-00163413-00163605": "vector I prefer to differentiate this with respect to d tau.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00252-00163605-00164305": "That is what I have written to generate a force four vector, we have to differentiate", "s-XERx1m6eY-00253-00164398-00165098": "with proper time which is four scalar therefore, I define force vector, four vector force four", "s-XERx1m6eY-00254-00165142-00165842": "vector as d p d tau where tau is the frame, tau is a frame independent quantity. If you", "s-XERx1m6eY-00255-00166229-00166785": "remember whatever we have done at the time at velocity transformation eventually, I will", "s-XERx1m6eY-00256-00166785-00167336": "write to write in terms of the force component in my own frame. If I have a particular frame", "s-XERx1m6eY-00257-00167336-00167934": "and in my frame I would prefer to write this in terms of d t and as that is my own frame,", "s-XERx1m6eY-00258-00167934-00168603": "but my definition gives the differential in terms of d tau. I can always convert this", "s-XERx1m6eY-00259-00168603-00169303": "d tau into d t, so if I know the velocity of the particle at that instant of time then", "s-XERx1m6eY-00260-00169345-00170045": "I can calculate gamma u. Then I know d tau is equal to d p divided", "s-XERx1m6eY-00261-00170075-00170648": "by gamma u this also wee have earlier used in the case of force four, I am sorry velocity", "s-XERx1m6eY-00262-00170648-00171348": "four vector. So, this d tau can be written as d p divided by gamma u, this quantity force", "s-XERx1m6eY-00263-00171467-00172167": "can be written as gamma u d p d t the advantage is that now I write this in a particular frame.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00264-00172250-00172724": "If you are in a particular frame you would like to know things in your frame to construct", "s-XERx1m6eY-00265-00172724-00173315": "a force four vector, so it is better if I know things in terms of my own frame.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00266-00173315-00174007": "So, my prescription is that I have to calculate the moment four vector in my frame then differentiate", "s-XERx1m6eY-00267-00174007-00174530": "with respect to time with my own frame, because this is going to a frame dependent quantity.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00268-00174530-00175054": "So, what I have to do I multiply this by gamma u, where gamma is 1 upon under root 1 minus", "s-XERx1m6eY-00269-00175054-00175492": "c square by c square, where u is this speed of the particle measured in my own frame.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00270-00175492-00176192": "If I know the speed of the particle the moment of four vector, I know gamma u and using that", "s-XERx1m6eY-00271-00176209-00176851": "particular d t I can find out what is force four vector.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00272-00176851-00177249": "This what I have said the four components of the force four vector, vector defined in", "s-XERx1m6eY-00273-00177249-00177907": "this way would then given me like this I calculate with my own frame, what is the x component", "s-XERx1m6eY-00274-00177907-00178404": "of momentum differentiate with respect to time as measured with my frame. This is this", "s-XERx1m6eY-00275-00178404-00178814": "quantity take the y component of momentum differentiate with respect to time as measured", "s-XERx1m6eY-00276-00178814-00179199": "in my own frame, this will give me the second component.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00277-00179199-00179716": "I take the z component of the momentum differentiate with respect to time in my own frame I will", "s-XERx1m6eY-00278-00179716-00180204": "calculate and get the third component. I know the energy of the part in my frame, I differentiate", "s-XERx1m6eY-00279-00180204-00180765": "with respect to time in my own frame all these quantities are given in my own frame then", "s-XERx1m6eY-00280-00180765-00181172": "I do what is the speed of the particle, I calculate gamma u which is the under root", "s-XERx1m6eY-00281-00181172-00181712": "1 minus u square by c square. I know gamma u, I have multiplied this gamma u by these", "s-XERx1m6eY-00282-00181712-00182179": "quantities then these four vectors are now written in with respect to everything that", "s-XERx1m6eY-00283-00182179-00182742": "is known in my own frame. So, I know how to write it, so the force four", "s-XERx1m6eY-00284-00182742-00183315": "vectors will be given by this particular quantity all these quantities multiplied by gamma u", "s-XERx1m6eY-00285-00183315-00183862": "will generate the force four vectors. If you remember exactly the way we had calculated", "s-XERx1m6eY-00286-00183862-00184451": "or we have we have constructed a velocity four vector, now once we know that this is", "s-XERx1m6eY-00287-00184451-00185067": "a velocity four vector, I am sorry force four vector then I know how it is transformed.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00288-00185067-00185610": "Once I go from one frame to another frame because this is the way force transformation", "s-XERx1m6eY-00289-00185610-00186042": "four vector class formation takes place through a standard equation.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00290-00186042-00186548": "Let me just first read this thing the first three quantities in the bracket are equal", "s-XERx1m6eY-00291-00186548-00187196": "to the components of the force once I said d p x d t, we have already defined as the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00292-00187196-00187896": "force d p y by d t. I have defined as f y d p z by d t, I have defined as f z and the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00293-00188017-00188457": "last quantity depends on the rate of change of the total energy which we can write in", "s-XERx1m6eY-00294-00188457-00188924": "terms of power, which we have done earlier in the last lecture. So, before going to the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00295-00188924-00189463": "transformation let me just rewrite this thing this components in terms of the force and", "s-XERx1m6eY-00296-00189463-00189759": "d e d t.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00297-00189759-00190376": "Therefore, the components of force four vector can be written as gamma u, first component", "s-XERx1m6eY-00298-00190376-00191076": "was d p x d t which by new definition is f x d p by d t is the new definition is f y", "s-XERx1m6eY-00299-00191191-00191887": "d p z d t. If I call this by new definition is f z. If you remember we had calculated", "s-XERx1m6eY-00300-00191887-00192587": "d p of E in the last lecture and that we have found out be power F dot u. So, d p d t I", "s-XERx1m6eY-00301-00192689-00193389": "have written F dot u divided by c, so energy happens to be the forth component of energy", "s-XERx1m6eY-00302-00193428-00193963": "moment four vector time happens to be the fourth component of the displacement four", "s-XERx1m6eY-00303-00193963-00194663": "vector for the force four vector, the force component turns out to be power.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00304-00194691-00195391": "So, once we have generated everything in terms of forces, if I go to different frame in general", "s-XERx1m6eY-00305-00195421-00196064": "f x is likely to change f y will change f z will change. Of course, u will change and", "s-XERx1m6eY-00306-00196064-00196409": "of course, gamma u will change because the velocity of the particle would change. Once", "s-XERx1m6eY-00307-00196409-00197087": "I change my frame of preference, I can write the transformation equation as given in this", "s-XERx1m6eY-00308-00197087-00197228": "particular transparent sheet.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00309-00197228-00197928": "These are my four components of the force four vectors in the particular frame s prime", "s-XERx1m6eY-00310-00199061-00199655": "this is the transformation matrix which depends on gamma, gamma depends on v the relative", "s-XERx1m6eY-00311-00199655-00200122": "velocity between the frames. Remember, we have three different speeds, so we should", "s-XERx1m6eY-00312-00200122-00200380": "not get confused these are the components that I want to find out in a frame s this", "s-XERx1m6eY-00313-00200380-00201005": "a particle which is moving in s its velocity is being measured by an observer sitting in", "s-XERx1m6eY-00314-00201005-00201705": "frame s. That is what I am calling as u the same particle is being observed by an observer", "s-XERx1m6eY-00315-00201828-00202528": "in s prime and that observer finds the speed of the same particle to be u prime, so that", "s-XERx1m6eY-00316-00202530-00202941": "is second speed. The third speed is that the relative velocity", "s-XERx1m6eY-00317-00202941-00203425": "between the force, the two frame which always assumed to be along the x direction and all", "s-XERx1m6eY-00318-00203425-00204070": "those things which are the conditions of Lorentz transformation that is v. We have three speeds", "s-XERx1m6eY-00319-00204070-00204680": "and correspondingly we have three gamma’s, we have gamma u we have gamma which depend", "s-XERx1m6eY-00320-00204680-00205319": "on v, we have gamma u prime which depend on u prime. This is my transformation matrix", "s-XERx1m6eY-00321-00205319-00205933": "which I have to open up if I have to find out what will be f x prime relating to other", "s-XERx1m6eY-00322-00205933-00206633": "components in s frame that is what we see next.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00323-00206677-00207377": "Let us expand it within this particular transformation matrix here just to take some time to make", "s-XERx1m6eY-00324-00207462-00208162": "it clear, if I have write gamma prime f x prime this will be gamma multiplied by this", "s-XERx1m6eY-00325-00208194-00208894": "component 0 multiplied by this component plus 0 multiplied by this component plus i beta", "s-XERx1m6eY-00326-00209149-00209849": "gamma multiplied by this component. So, that will be the first term, let us just see first", "s-XERx1m6eY-00327-00210041-00210564": "term once I multiplied here gamma u, gamma u will come out and f x there will be gamma", "s-XERx1m6eY-00328-00210564-00211171": "and gamma u which will also be similar i square will make it minus 1. So, second term will", "s-XERx1m6eY-00329-00211171-00211538": "be F dot u by c into beta.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00330-00211538-00212238": "This is what I have written here that is the first term gamma u prime f x prime, which", "s-XERx1m6eY-00331-00212238-00212938": "is the first terms on the matrix. The column matrix on the left hand side is equal to gamma", "s-XERx1m6eY-00332-00212986-00213686": "gamma u which we have agreed will come out multiplied by f x minus beta F dot u divided", "s-XERx1m6eY-00333-00213794-00214494": "by c. Let us look at the second component, second equation here in the paper it is gamma", "s-XERx1m6eY-00334-00214719-00215419": "u prime f y prime is equal to 0 multiplied by this one multiplied by this plus 0 multiplied", "s-XERx1m6eY-00335-00215527-00216227": "by this plus 0 multiplied by this which gives gamma u prime f y prime is equal to gamma", "s-XERx1m6eY-00336-00216299-00216999": "u f y gamma u prime f z prime. Similarly, will be gamma u f z and the fourth", "s-XERx1m6eY-00337-00217147-00217847": "equation will be in gamma u prime this quantity minus i beta gamma multiplied by gamma u f", "s-XERx1m6eY-00338-00217967-00218638": "x plus 0 multiplied by this plus 0 multiplied by this plus gamma multiplied by this. Here", "s-XERx1m6eY-00339-00218638-00219154": "also you will see that there is a gamma and gamma u there is a gamma and gamma u which", "s-XERx1m6eY-00340-00219154-00219854": "will come out of the matrix. So, these are my equations gamma u dot f y prime is equal", "s-XERx1m6eY-00341-00219948-00220519": "to gamma u f y gamma u prime f z prime is equal to gamma u f z and this is the fourth", "s-XERx1m6eY-00342-00220519-00221219": "equation gamma u prime i F prime dot u prime by c because the fourth term in the column", "s-XERx1m6eY-00343-00221282-00221734": "matrix of the left. This i beta beta with this i gamma gamma u", "s-XERx1m6eY-00344-00221734-00222434": "and i comes out and you will get minus beta f x plus f dot u by c, these are expanded", "s-XERx1m6eY-00345-00222792-00223430": "this particular matrix equation has been expanded into the four equations. Now, we will try", "s-XERx1m6eY-00346-00223430-00224104": "to simplify these equations by using a notation using a equation, which we had opted at the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00347-00224104-00224753": "time of velocity transformation to write in a compact form which is a usual form and which", "s-XERx1m6eY-00348-00224753-00225453": "probably is much more useful as far as our futures endeavors are concerned.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00349-00225476-00226038": "So, this is what I have written, we shall use a previous result to simplify the force", "s-XERx1m6eY-00350-00226038-00226738": "transformation equation this result was obtained while writing the velocity four vectors.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00351-00226938-00227415": "This was my velocity four vector transformation, see remember this transformation matrix is", "s-XERx1m6eY-00352-00227415-00227939": "exactly same in that case. If you remember what was forming the four vector was gamma", "s-XERx1m6eY-00353-00227939-00228639": "u u x gamma u u y gamma u u z and gamma u i c and when we change the frame it became", "s-XERx1m6eY-00354-00228821-00229344": "gamma u prime u x prime gamma u prime u y prime gamma u prime u z prime and gamma u", "s-XERx1m6eY-00355-00229344-00229931": "prime i c prime. Let us look at only the fourth equation which", "s-XERx1m6eY-00356-00229931-00230532": "is this equation, which is gamma u prime i c which is equal to gamma multiplied by gamma", "s-XERx1m6eY-00357-00230532-00231229": "u I am sorry minus i beta gamma multiplied by gamma u x plus gamma u multiplied by gamma", "s-XERx1m6eY-00358-00231229-00231753": "u i c. I am looking only the fourth equation first three equations will give me standard", "s-XERx1m6eY-00359-00231753-00231871": "velocity transformation.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00360-00231871-00232571": "Now, you just look at this particular fourth equation which is here gamma u prime i c is", "s-XERx1m6eY-00361-00232648-00233002": "equal to this particular quantity this we have done earlier, discussed earlier in great", "s-XERx1m6eY-00362-00233002-00233539": "detail when we are discussing the velocity transformation. And by reorganizing the term", "s-XERx1m6eY-00363-00233539-00234196": "on which I would not like to occupy time here is what we this what we get gamma u prime", "s-XERx1m6eY-00364-00234196-00234698": "is equal to gamma gamma u 1 minus v u x upon c square.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00365-00234698-00235356": "So, on the left hand side the force transformation equation the four equations that we have got", "s-XERx1m6eY-00366-00235356-00236005": "where ever gamma u prime comes I will replace it by gamma gamma u 1 minus v u x upon c square.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00367-00236005-00236530": "Therefore, I will be able to get a clean equation writing f x prime in terms of the components", "s-XERx1m6eY-00368-00236530-00237021": "this is what I am doing in the next transparent sheet.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00369-00237021-00237721": "So, I have said we use this equation in the expansion of the force transformation equation.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00370-00238019-00238681": "This was my first term which we have opted by expanding that particular matrix equation", "s-XERx1m6eY-00371-00238681-00239381": "gamma u prime f x prime is equal to gamma gamma u f x minus beta F dot u by c just now", "s-XERx1m6eY-00372-00239634-00240044": "we have obtained by expanding that particular matrix. This is the equation which I have", "s-XERx1m6eY-00373-00240044-00240448": "written in earlier transparent sheet, which we had obtained from the velocity transformation", "s-XERx1m6eY-00374-00240448-00241102": "which related gamma u prime in terms of gamma gamma u so gamma u prime is equal to gamma", "s-XERx1m6eY-00375-00241102-00241617": "gamma u multiplied by 1 minus v u x upon c square.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00376-00241617-00242191": "So, this is gamma u prime here I will substitute by this particular quantity gamma gamma u", "s-XERx1m6eY-00377-00242191-00242808": "multiplied by 1 minus v u x by c square once I do here. Let us put it here gamma gamma", "s-XERx1m6eY-00378-00242808-00243486": "u cancel from here, what I will be getting 1 minus v u x upon c square which will get", "s-XERx1m6eY-00379-00243486-00244186": "multiplied to f x prime and right hand side will just become f x minus beta f dot u upon", "s-XERx1m6eY-00380-00244244-00244944": "c. Now, it is rather simple I can just divide this quantity both sides and I will get f", "s-XERx1m6eY-00381-00245115-00245741": "x prime is equal to a quantity that I am doing in the next transparent sheet.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00382-00245741-00246441": "I have divided 1 minus u x upon c square and remember there was a beta and there was a", "s-XERx1m6eY-00383-00246569-00247048": "c here, there was beta was v upon c there was also a c here. So, this become v upon", "s-XERx1m6eY-00384-00247048-00247748": "c square this becomes v upon c square F dot u divided by 1 minus v u x upon c square may", "s-XERx1m6eY-00385-00247919-00248513": "be you will see the resemblance that you will get from the equation. That was the time when", "s-XERx1m6eY-00386-00248513-00248977": "we were doing Lorentz transformation, we were doing the time transformation we were getting", "s-XERx1m6eY-00387-00248977-00249663": "something like this, and this is something similar to that except the fourth term to", "s-XERx1m6eY-00388-00249663-00250202": "be F dot u. This will be the transformation of the x component", "s-XERx1m6eY-00389-00250202-00250902": "of the force, let us look at the transformation of the y component of the force of course,", "s-XERx1m6eY-00390-00251296-00251746": "before first let me first discuss it because this equation sometime is written in different", "s-XERx1m6eY-00391-00251746-00252132": "form. Let us first work out that particular form then we will do their vital component", "s-XERx1m6eY-00392-00252132-00252660": "transformation and transformation just wanted to make one more point.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00393-00252660-00253360": "That member f x prime will also depend on force f x f y and f z see like in the case", "s-XERx1m6eY-00394-00253511-00254211": "of moment of transformation x prime also dependent on the energy which depend on E square should", "s-XERx1m6eY-00395-00254241-00254802": "depend also on the x y and z component of moment of not just the x component of the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00396-00254802-00255319": "momentum. Similarly, here it is also dependent on f y and f z sometimes the equation is written", "s-XERx1m6eY-00397-00255319-00255864": "in a different form avoiding to write this F naught. So, let us just try to write that", "s-XERx1m6eY-00398-00255864-00256222": "equation in that form before you go to the transformation of the y component and the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00399-00256222-00256239": "z component.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00400-00256239-00256939": "So, what we do we just expand this F dot u f x is v upon c square remains like this and", "s-XERx1m6eY-00401-00257504-00257877": "like simple dot product of two vectors. If we have dot product of E and v we have e x", "s-XERx1m6eY-00402-00257877-00258577": "dx plus e y d y plus e z d z and if you have F dot u you will get f x u x plus f y u y", "s-XERx1m6eY-00403-00258596-00259296": "plus f z u z. This is what I have written minus v upon c square F dot u is f x u x plus", "s-XERx1m6eY-00404-00259373-00260073": "f y u y plus f z u z just simply expanding and writing what I will do, I will take this", "s-XERx1m6eY-00405-00260314-00260735": "f x common here. If I take f x common I will get 1 minus v", "s-XERx1m6eY-00406-00260735-00261435": "b u c square I am sorry we will get f x 1 minus v u x by c square. So, there is a u", "s-XERx1m6eY-00407-00261627-00262103": "x here there is a u here, so I will get a v u x by c square and that quantity will cancel", "s-XERx1m6eY-00408-00262103-00262803": "with this particular quantity only as far as the x components are concerned as far as", "s-XERx1m6eY-00409-00262827-00263495": "these components are concerned there is no cancellation, so I can rewrite slightly this", "s-XERx1m6eY-00410-00263495-00264195": "This was my equation, so as I said f x 1 minus v upon c square f x 1 minus v u x upon c square", "s-XERx1m6eY-00411-00264404-00265104": "this cancels and you get this simple f x these two quantities, there is no cancellation.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00412-00265125-00265825": "If you get f x minus v upon c square which is here f y u y which is here plus f z u z", "s-XERx1m6eY-00413-00265907-00266511": "which is here the of course, divided by 1 minus v u x upon c square. So, this tells", "s-XERx1m6eY-00414-00266511-00267027": "you that f x prime is equal to f x minus all these quantities.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00415-00267027-00267639": "Remember in classical mechanics we expect v f x prime to be equal to f x. So, we can", "s-XERx1m6eY-00416-00267639-00268128": "see very easily that when v is going to be close to c then all these terms will cancel", "s-XERx1m6eY-00417-00268128-00268528": "and just f x prime and u will be negligible rather and this will give you f x prime is", "s-XERx1m6eY-00418-00268528-00269228": "equal to f x. Now, let us go to the transformation of the y component of the force.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00419-00269481-00269936": "For second and third both are similar, so let us look for simplifying the second term", "s-XERx1m6eY-00420-00269936-00270605": "this was the equation gamma u f y prime is equal to gamma u f y. This was my second equation", "s-XERx1m6eY-00421-00270605-00271305": "which we had obtained from opening the matrix I use again gamma u prime is equal to gamma", "s-XERx1m6eY-00422-00271331-00272031": "gamma u 1 minus v u x upon c square exactly similar way here. There will be gamma this", "s-XERx1m6eY-00423-00272150-00272609": "gamma u will cancel from this gamma u, on the right hand side multiply by 1 minus v", "s-XERx1m6eY-00424-00272609-00273208": "u x upon c square. So, this gamma will not cancel here, we will just have a f y prime", "s-XERx1m6eY-00425-00273208-00273908": "into gamma into the whole of this quantity 1 minus v x upon c square divided by equal", "s-XERx1m6eY-00426-00274071-00274247": "to y f y.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00427-00274247-00274947": "Therefore, f y prime is equal to f y divided by gamma 1 minus v u x upon c square. If you", "s-XERx1m6eY-00428-00275227-00275771": "remember this was similar to the velocity transformation of the y component and because", "s-XERx1m6eY-00429-00275771-00276471": "the z component equations are exactly identical their f z prime is equal to f z gamma 1 minus", "s-XERx1m6eY-00430-00276540-00276899": "v u x upon c square. Remember in the x component there is no gamma there because the gamma", "s-XERx1m6eY-00431-00276899-00277476": "has cancelled out here gamma has not cancelled out gamma u has cancelled out. So, gamma is", "s-XERx1m6eY-00432-00277476-00278176": "written in the denominator just like the velocity transformation that we had got obtained there.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00433-00278259-00278728": "You can see that in non relativistic limit that f x prime is equal to f x, that we have", "s-XERx1m6eY-00434-00278728-00279334": "discussed. You can also see in non relativistic limit this will become one this when v and", "s-XERx1m6eY-00435-00279334-00279945": "u x are much smaller than c this quantity is negligible in comparison to one f y prime", "s-XERx1m6eY-00436-00279945-00280328": "will be equal to f y f z prime will be equal to f z. So, normally in non relativistic limit", "s-XERx1m6eY-00437-00280328-00280852": "we do get f x prime is equal to f x f y prime is equal to f y and f z prime is equal to", "s-XERx1m6eY-00438-00280852-00281552": "f z, but in relativity forces also transformed in a different frame they appear to be different.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00439-00281617-00282046": "Now, let us look at the fourth component which component which is related to transformation", "s-XERx1m6eY-00440-00282046-00282669": "of power, so power also transforms. So, once I go from one particular frame to another", "s-XERx1m6eY-00441-00282669-00283130": "frame the power will also transform. Now, let us look at the transformation of the fourth", "s-XERx1m6eY-00442-00283130-00283830": "component of force for vector which is related to the transformation of power.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00443-00283850-00284509": "This was my equation which we have obtained by expanding the matrix, which was the fourth", "s-XERx1m6eY-00444-00284509-00285176": "component equation again I write for gamma u prime gamma gamma u 1 minus v u x divided", "s-XERx1m6eY-00445-00285176-00285876": "by c square here. There is a gamma gamma u which will cancel, it will also cancel which", "s-XERx1m6eY-00446-00285919-00286619": "is being to somewhat simpler equation it is F prime dot u prime is equal to f dot u minus", "s-XERx1m6eY-00447-00286979-00287679": "v f x divided by 1 minus v u x upon c square. So, this gives me the transformation of power", "s-XERx1m6eY-00448-00288020-00288570": "once I move from frame s to s prime how my power changes.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00449-00288570-00289270": "This is the transformation equation that governs that particular transformation equation. Now,", "s-XERx1m6eY-00450-00289425-00289965": "let us look at the inverse transformation this tradition whenever we write a transformation,", "s-XERx1m6eY-00451-00289965-00290617": "we also write an inverse transformation. It means if my quantities are given in s prime", "s-XERx1m6eY-00452-00290617-00291055": "frame of reference, we have to find put the equivalent quantities in s frame of reference", "s-XERx1m6eY-00453-00291055-00291617": "how do I transform like for instance in velocity transformation.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00454-00291617-00292174": "My velocity components are given in s prime frame of reference and I want to find those", "s-XERx1m6eY-00455-00292174-00292730": "velocity components in s frame of reference that is what we call as inverse transformation", "s-XERx1m6eY-00456-00292730-00293315": "descriptions are simple. As we have discussed number of times that all prime quantities", "s-XERx1m6eY-00457-00293315-00293974": "have to be changed to unprime quantities and wherever there is a v replace it by minus", "s-XERx1m6eY-00458-00293974-00294666": "v this is as simple as that, so that is what we are doing. We are now writing the inverse", "s-XERx1m6eY-00459-00294666-00295274": "transformation equation just by interchanging the prime and unprime and replacing v by minus", "s-XERx1m6eY-00460-00295274-00295316": "v.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00461-00295316-00296016": "So, this is my force component, so on the left hand side we have f x is equal to f x", "s-XERx1m6eY-00462-00296749-00297370": "here there was f x. So, this becomes f x prime there was a minus v because we have replaced", "s-XERx1m6eY-00463-00297370-00298070": "a v by minus v, so this becomes plus this becomes v upon c square F dot u. Now, F prime", "s-XERx1m6eY-00464-00298100-00298800": "dot u prime should be prime divided by 1 minus v u x prime by c square. Similarly, f y will", "s-XERx1m6eY-00465-00299132-00299832": "now become f y prime gamma 1 plus v u x prime upon c square because v has been replaced", "s-XERx1m6eY-00466-00300021-00300721": "by minus v. Similarly, here f z will be equal to f z prime divided by gamma 1 plus v u x", "s-XERx1m6eY-00467-00300828-00301414": "prime by c square, so this becomes inverse transformation by force.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00468-00301414-00302114": "Similarly, we can write the inverse power transformation also exactly identical things", "s-XERx1m6eY-00469-00302139-00302839": "here become F dot, I am sorry become F prime dot u prime plus v x prime divided by 1 plus", "s-XERx1m6eY-00470-00302959-00303521": "v u x prime by c square. For the left hand side we have F dot u prescription is simple", "s-XERx1m6eY-00471-00303521-00303920": "we do not spend too much of time in describing this, we just interchange all quantities as", "s-XERx1m6eY-00472-00303920-00304620": "I said make all prime quantities all unprime quantities make them prime replace v by minus", "s-XERx1m6eY-00473-00304641-00305341": "v. This case we get inverse transformation before we close the lecture, let us look at", "s-XERx1m6eY-00474-00305472-00306172": "a special case which is quite useful and illustrative and we will also be using in our next lecture,", "s-XERx1m6eY-00475-00306320-00306847": "we consider a special case of a force transformation.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00476-00306847-00307539": "Let us assume that there is a frame s in which this particular particle is instantaneously", "s-XERx1m6eY-00477-00307539-00308093": "at rest of course, it is at rest at that given point of time, but a later time because it", "s-XERx1m6eY-00478-00308093-00308617": "is under the influence of force it is speed will change. So, no longer it will at rest", "s-XERx1m6eY-00479-00308617-00309176": "at that particular frame assume that there is a frame in which at a given instant in", "s-XERx1m6eY-00480-00309176-00309710": "which I am interested. In this particular particle is at rest is whatever was the velocity", "s-XERx1m6eY-00481-00309710-00310397": "of that particular particle at that particular frame that particular the frame seems to go", "s-XERx1m6eY-00482-00310397-00311097": "with the same velocity. Therefore, this particular particle is at rest in that particular frame", "s-XERx1m6eY-00483-00311189-00311889": "in that case u would be 0 u will be 0 and the force equations become somewhat simple", "s-XERx1m6eY-00484-00312020-00312079": "equations.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00485-00312079-00312709": "So, this is the f x prime this is the transformation of the x component because this particle is", "s-XERx1m6eY-00486-00312709-00313409": "instantaneously at rest in s frame, so u becomes 0 once u becomes 0 this whole quantity becomes", "s-XERx1m6eY-00487-00313484-00314100": "0. Of course, if u is 0 x is also 0, so this quantity becomes 0 and denominator you have", "s-XERx1m6eY-00488-00314100-00314800": "only one which gives me f x prime is equal to f x. So, if we measure the force on the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00489-00314973-00315500": "particle in the s frame at that point of time when the particle was instantaneously at rest", "s-XERx1m6eY-00490-00315500-00316117": "in s prime frame also it will appear to be at rest the x component of the force will", "s-XERx1m6eY-00491-00316117-00316355": "turn out to be the same.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00492-00316355-00317055": "Let us look at y f y prime is equal to f y divided by gamma one minus v u x upon c square", "s-XERx1m6eY-00493-00317179-00317747": "u and x being 0 in s frame, you will have this quantity equal to 0. So, you will just", "s-XERx1m6eY-00494-00317747-00318447": "have f y prime is equal to f y divided by gamma gamma be always greater than 1. Your", "s-XERx1m6eY-00495-00318488-00319180": "f y prime will be smaller than f y and of course, because these transformation equations", "s-XERx1m6eY-00496-00319180-00319847": "are similar for component I will also get a z prime is equal to z divided by gamma.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00497-00319847-00320500": "So, what get in this particular case an f x prime is equal to f x by gamma f y prime", "s-XERx1m6eY-00498-00320500-00321115": "is equal to f y by gamma and f z prime is equal to f z by gamma.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00499-00321115-00321749": "We thus see the force is smaller because the f y components have become smaller in a frame", "s-XERx1m6eY-00500-00321749-00322449": "in which the particle is not at rest. So, the force is large in a frame in which the", "s-XERx1m6eY-00501-00322456-00322998": "particle is at rest which you can call as a proper frame.", "s-XERx1m6eY-00502-00322998-00323698": "So, to end the lecture we just summarize whatever we have done we derived the equations similar", "s-XERx1m6eY-00503-00323728-00324359": "to the equations in classical mechanics. We also defined the force four vector and discussed", "s-XERx1m6eY-00504-00324359-00324661": "the transformation of force. Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "s-Znr6SK3EM", "text": {"s-Znr6SK3EM-00000-00000734-00001224": "In today’s world, humanity suffers from various kinds of issues", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00001-00001224-00001902": "like addictions and compulsive behavior -", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00002-00001902-00002654": "being addicted to substances, alcohol, nicotine, caffeine and", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00003-00002655-00002986": "various other aspects of life.", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00004-00002986-00003446": "So these addictions and compulsive behaviors,", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00005-00003446-00004142": "which can lead to psychological pits like depression, manic depression,", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00006-00004142-00004550": "all these things - essentially, what it means is, in some way,", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00007-00004550-00005244": "we are not able to make use of the discretionary dimension of who we are.", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00008-00005312-00005978": "To be human essentially means this, that though we have our instincts,", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00009-00005978-00006844": "though we have our needs, a human being is capable of employing his discretionary mind in such a way,", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00010-00006844-00007108": "that he can go beyond his needs,", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00011-00007108-00007458": "he can go beyond his compulsive behavior.", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00012-00007459-00008059": "Unlike other creatures, a human being has the ability to employ his discretionary mind", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00013-00008059-00008738": "in such powerful ways, that he can even go beyond his fundamental needs of life.", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00014-00008780-00009514": "The whole system of yoga or what we are calling today as Inner Engineering is essentially", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00015-00009514-00009986": "about gaining the ability, having the ability,", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00016-00009986-00010396": "to employ the discretionary dimension of who we are.", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00017-00010482-00010968": "Discretion means that we can conduct our life the way we want it,", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00018-00010968-00011384": "not the way we’re compelled by the situations in which we exist,", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00019-00011384-00011932": "or the chemistry of our body or other kinds of influences upon us.", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00020-00011984-00012376": "Going beyond our chemistry, going beyond our genetics,", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00021-00012376-00012656": "going beyond the situations in which we exist,", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00022-00012656-00013122": "a human being can still craft his own life the way he wants it.", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00023-00013204-00013597": "The basic process of Inner Engineering is", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00024-00013597-00014254": "to empower a human being to be able to employ his discretionary dimension in such a way that", "s-Znr6SK3EM-00025-00014254-00014947": "he can move his life to a dimension beyond his present level of existence."}}, {"audio_id": "s_scCZftD7Q", "text": {"s_scCZftD7Q-00000-00000000-00000228": "This respondent, unfortunately, didn't get into any one of two models", "s_scCZftD7Q-00001-00000248-00000624": "because this respondent is one of 220 respondents", "s_scCZftD7Q-00002-00000694-00000894": "out of 2330", "s_scCZftD7Q-00003-00001030-00001366": "which can not be predicted by this model", "s_scCZftD7Q-00004-00001634-00001910": "Let's take the respondent number 24", "s_scCZftD7Q-00005-00002090-00002284": "This respondent is married,", "s_scCZftD7Q-00006-00002826-00002948": "quite wealthy,", "s_scCZftD7Q-00007-00002948-00003184": "the respondent has received a higher education", "s_scCZftD7Q-00008-00003338-00003465": "the job is the head,", "s_scCZftD7Q-00009-00003465-00003624": "lives in south-western district", "s_scCZftD7Q-00010-00003722-00003854": "within", "s_scCZftD7Q-00011-00004014-00004108": "the Moscow ring road", "s_scCZftD7Q-00012-00004124-00004468": "Remember that these two categories more likely \"push\" the respondent to zero model", "s_scCZftD7Q-00013-00005202-00005402": "24th respondent", "s_scCZftD7Q-00014-00005546-00005616": "is", "s_scCZftD7Q-00015-00005972-00006232": "predicted to be in the first group (selected)", "s_scCZftD7Q-00016-00006346-00006609": "In combination with other characteristics", "s_scCZftD7Q-00017-00006648-00006848": "the respondent appears in the first", "s_scCZftD7Q-00018-00006898-00006998": "model", "s_scCZftD7Q-00019-00007234-00007472": "These predictors are valid", "s_scCZftD7Q-00020-00007808-00008290": "and that's how they operate", "s_scCZftD7Q-00021-00008764-00008894": "Thus,", "s_scCZftD7Q-00022-00008948-00009148": "it's possible to predict", "s_scCZftD7Q-00023-00009854-00010204": "the frequency with which the parents will see their children to leisure centres", "s_scCZftD7Q-00024-00010224-00010424": "We can do it now actually", "s_scCZftD7Q-00025-00010528-00010728": "We only need to keep", "s_scCZftD7Q-00026-00010860-00010970": "the respondents", "s_scCZftD7Q-00027-00011012-00011150": "from the first", "s_scCZftD7Q-00028-00011214-00011414": "model", "s_scCZftD7Q-00029-00011492-00011620": "highlighted", "s_scCZftD7Q-00030-00011810-00012018": "To do so, I need to remove", "s_scCZftD7Q-00031-00012058-00012192": "the old calculation", "s_scCZftD7Q-00032-00012596-00012796": "Let's ask", "s_scCZftD7Q-00033-00013086-00013240": "the machine to select", "s_scCZftD7Q-00034-00013394-00013613": "the people entering", "s_scCZftD7Q-00035-00013722-00013922": "the first model", "s_scCZftD7Q-00036-00014850-00015110": "We could take into account that there are 200 people", "s_scCZftD7Q-00037-00015191-00015488": "are not predicted", "s_scCZftD7Q-00038-00015634-00015882": "but, in comparison with", "s_scCZftD7Q-00039-00016004-00016163": "2330 people,", "s_scCZftD7Q-00040-00016200-00016338": "200 is not a big number", "s_scCZftD7Q-00041-00016352-00016530": "That's why it is not likely these 200 people will", "s_scCZftD7Q-00042-00016594-00016648": "ruin", "s_scCZftD7Q-00043-00016702-00017002": "the situation, moreover, we are more interested in the respondent number", "s_scCZftD7Q-00044-00017294-00017364": "24", "s_scCZftD7Q-00045-00018192-00018336": "That's how 24"}}, {"audio_id": "s_xuu1wOXg4", "text": {"s_xuu1wOXg4-00000-00000000-00004500": "🌟 🇺🇸 Fixiki Costume ✌️ Fix Verta Animator — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "s_P2aRcnWyy", "text": {"s_P2aRcnWyy-00000-00000682-00000802": "Bangla Songbad52"}}, {"audio_id": "s_R-y36lM0c", "text": {"s_R-y36lM0c-00000-00000000-00000155": "I hope no one breaks open my door", "s_R-y36lM0c-00001-00000212-00000384": "That's Unfortunate", "s_R-y36lM0c-00002-00000393-00000593": "speedy.", "s_R-y36lM0c-00003-00000593-00000787": "Woah, where's that music playing", "s_R-y36lM0c-00004-00000932-00001059": "Imagine dying lol.", "s_R-y36lM0c-00005-00001059-00001184": "Got a video of him dying if 4K lol", "s_R-y36lM0c-00006-00001224-00001574": "playing wordscapes 10 minutes a day, SHARPENS UR MIND!!!!", "s_R-y36lM0c-00007-00001808-00002007": "69  \"NO\"s lol"}}, {"audio_id": "s_U0aW_zlR4", "text": {"s_U0aW_zlR4-00000-00000390-00000708": "You can help a child learn about more and less,", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00001-00000708-00001040": "by putting some small objects in two groups.", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00002-00001190-00001511": "For this activity, you can use  any objects you have available,", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00003-00001529-00001827": "but for my example, I'll be using rocks.", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00004-00001927-00002377": "So, we'll put two rocks in one group...", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00005-00002562-00003117": "and we'll put three rocks in another group.", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00006-00003273-00003733": "Now together, you and child can count out how many rocks are in each group.", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00007-00003776-00004122": "We have one, two rocks in this group...", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00008-00004188-00004579": "and one, two, three rocks  in the other group.", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00009-00004759-00005107": "Then you can ask the child, \"which group has more?\"", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00010-00005114-00005314": "And the child can point at it.", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00011-00005418-00005714": "Then you can ask them,  \"which group has less?\"", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00012-00005978-00006223": "You can change up the groups...", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00013-00006838-00007200": "and ask the child, \"which group has more?\"", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00014-00007382-00007582": "and \"which group has less?\"", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00015-00007885-00008216": "When a child learns about more and less,", "s_U0aW_zlR4-00016-00008216-00008582": "it helps them when they learn to add and subtract."}}, {"audio_id": "sA85mQh-mgy", "text": {"sA85mQh-mgy-00000-00000000-00000050": "Copyright by phumi7788", "sA85mQh-mgy-00001-00000050-00000231": "Name of Movie's Veal Srey Sror Nors", "sA85mQh-mgy-00002-00000246-00000382": "រឿង​វាលស្រីស្រណោះ"}}, {"audio_id": "sALTS6ZvgeM", "text": {"sALTS6ZvgeM-00000-00001046-00001246": "We are in the 18th borough in Paris,", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00001-00001246-00001326": "this is a new Remax Excellence agency,", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00002-00001326-00001420": "Gabrielle is waiting for me", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00003-00001420-00001576": "to show me her beautiful agency", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00004-00002012-00002072": "Hello Gabrielle,", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00005-00002072-00002146": "Hello Thibaut", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00006-00002146-00002346": "How are you ?", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00007-00002346-00002546": "I’m fine thank you", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00008-00002926-00003214": "What are recipes for success ?", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00009-00003214-00003414": "When we arrive here", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00010-00003414-00003614": "In a brand new agency", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00011-00003715-00003910": "There’s a lot of competition,", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00012-00003910-00004058": "being close to the customers", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00013-00004058-00004210": "is the most important thing to do", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00014-00004220-00004356": "You said that", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00015-00004372-00004510": "people naturally came in", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00016-00004514-00004642": "to drink coffee in the morning", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00017-00004642-00004724": "yes, yes", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00018-00004724-00004882": "many neighbors or merchants", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00019-00004882-00005082": "We chat a lot", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00020-00005082-00005320": "it allows us to learn what happen in the neighborhood", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00021-00005320-00005520": "flats for sale of course, but not only", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00022-00005520-00005802": "the door is open to all kind of conversation", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00023-00005802-00006002": "There’s a kind of sensitivity when you step inside this agency", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00024-00006002-00006202": "The paintings all around…", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00025-00006202-00006402": "There’s a pretty atrium:", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00026-00006402-00006540": "You get in the office", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00027-00006550-00006823": "and obviously you are led to believe you will find the flat of your dreams !", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00028-00006823-00006959": "Where does it come from ?", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00029-00006959-00007126": "I really wanted an agency that looks like me", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00030-00007126-00007326": "Everything has been customised to this end", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00031-00007326-00008378": "Yet, we can feel a typical Remax template, which is made of classic colours white, red and black", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00032-00008518-00008972": "I was allowed to do what I wanted, it’s was very important for me", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00033-00009010-00009518": "I’ve seen new ways to make business in Canada recently, similar agencies which looked like yours", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00034-00009518-00010508": "A real estate agency which is welcoming new jobs, an art gallery, for me, the Starbuck barista is not so far and will blend  in real estate agencies", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00035-00010508-00010708": "You said that it was your goal ?", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00036-00010708-00010874": "Absolutely, it is my goal,", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00037-00010874-00011142": "I hope I will soon be able to organize a", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00038-00011610-00011810": "few afterworks and to", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00039-00011994-00012166": "welcome some artists who can exhibit their arts", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00040-00012354-00012554": "Some artists already came", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00041-00012554-00012896": "to see the place to know where and how to exhibit", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00042-00012960-00013258": "some of them paint or draw", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00043-00013258-00013352": "it’s very interesting", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00044-00013363-00013522": "we already have accommodated many artists.", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00045-00013522-00013954": "I have never seen this before in France", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00046-00013954-00014382": "The goal is to mix real estate  with something else", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00047-00014382-00014500": "It’s very important", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00048-00014500-00015058": "we have to help each other", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00049-00015058-00015396": "not only between us Remax  but also between other professions", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00050-00015456-00015880": "If we can exhibit,  it would be amazing", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00051-00015880-00016090": "So, an exhibition very soon ?", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00052-00016090-00016290": "And coffee ?", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00053-00016290-00016408": "Double Latte Capuccino !", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00054-00016408-00016474": "Sure !", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00055-00016474-00016726": "Thank you for having us Gabrielle", "sALTS6ZvgeM-00056-00016726-00016948": "See you soon, thanks !"}}, {"audio_id": "sBgfdpJi-1u", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "sBv8vehBC6U", "text": {"sBv8vehBC6U-00001-00000404-00000808": "I was living with $20 in my checking account between", "sBv8vehBC6U-00002-00000810-00001222": "paycheck to paycheck, and I knew it wasn't enough. I knew", "sBv8vehBC6U-00003-00001224-00001643": "that education was the key to opportunity and success.", "sBv8vehBC6U-00004-00001645-00002052": "Northcentral Technical College was the only thing that was the only thing could really", "sBv8vehBC6U-00005-00002054-00002473": "offer that for me considering my situation, my family. So, I went back", "sBv8vehBC6U-00006-00002475-00002881": "to school because I needed money. I'm extremely grateful to NTC and", "sBv8vehBC6U-00007-00002883-00003290": "all the opportunities they've given me. It's been a life-changing experience--", "sBv8vehBC6U-00008-00003292-00003697": "one of the best decision I've made in my entire life.", "sBv8vehBC6U-00009-00003699-00004118": "I know that no matter what my age or my circumstance,", "sBv8vehBC6U-00010-00004120-00004521": "it's just the beginning of something beautiful, and NTC is", "sBv8vehBC6U-00011-00004523-00004919": "that big bridge that I needed to get where I want to go."}}, {"audio_id": "sBLuVTyOeWI", "text": {"sBLuVTyOeWI-00000-00000000-01404000": "video Samuel Push top 1  before he was deleted account.  link below discription and  comment"}}, {"audio_id": "sCwXlsB_9Po", "text": {"sCwXlsB_9Po-00000-00000781-00001011": "Well, it started just like any other Monday.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00001-00001011-00001555": "I said, \"Good morning, Mark. Good morning, Tom. Good morning, Kisan,\" and then walk into", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00002-00001555-00001753": "my space.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00003-00001753-00002453": "Kisan ... He was one of those people that was a quiet spirit. He was a person that was", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00004-00002894-00003594": "kind and gentle, and he would always a smile on his face and a twinkle in his eye.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00005-00003692-00004171": "Then everything changed.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00006-00004171-00004871": "That sounds like a weapon being fired, and so we got down, dropped down to the ground.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00007-00005246-00005662": "And I crawled to my desk, and I got my CAC card and my purse. As soon as I grabbed my", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00008-00005662-00006362": "purse, I looked over to Kisan's desk, and I saw that he was down, and there was a wound", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00009-00006678-00006831": "in his head.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00010-00006831-00007531": "I took the paper towel and put it against the wound, and I felt him breathe.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00011-00007670-00008153": "And I was praying over him and talking to him, and I felt for his pulse and it was strong,", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00012-00008153-00008403": "and I told Andy that we needed to go get help.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00013-00008403-00008967": "So we went out the emergency door. They took us to the street. We realized that we couldn't", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00014-00008967-00009667": "get an ambulance there, so there was an unmarked vehicle at the end of the street. The unmarked", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00015-00009732-00010432": "vehicle came down the street, and we got Kisan in the back of the seat. Then I got in the", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00016-00010547-00011247": "front and we...lights, sirens ... and we made our way to M Street ... M Street and New Jersey,", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00017-00011557-00011684": "in front of the CVS.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00018-00011684-00012384": "We laid Kisan down, and I told the security guard that I need an ambulance, and he coordinated", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00019-00012440-00013140": "with the policeman that was on the street directing traffic. And I went back to Kisan.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00020-00013282-00013545": "There was no pulse at the time.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00021-00013545-00014151": "So, I immediately started chest compressions. I did find out later on that he didn't make", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00022-00014151-00014572": "it ... until we got home to this area.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00023-00014572-00015272": "I was a hospital corpsman for five and a half years. Sometimes in an emergency situation,", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00024-00015313-00016013": "it's not all about what's going on, it's about what you can do to help. And I think that", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00025-00016245-00016945": "training is what helped me in the end ... in the end for Kisan, but it stays with you.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00026-00017444-00017644": "It doesn't leave you.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00027-00017644-00018344": "Once you've been in the Navy, that doesn't leave you. It's like a part of your life.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00028-00018469-00019037": "You don't want any harm to come to your fellow shipmates.", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00029-00019037-00019737": "And so Kisan was a Navy family person, and I looked at him as my shipmate. I could not", "sCwXlsB_9Po-00030-00019766-00020147": "leave him behind. You don't leave your family behind."}}, {"audio_id": "sC_xVM1X7Ey", "text": {"sC_xVM1X7Ey-00000-00000000-00000433": "I will quit my job.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00001-00000433-00000712": "I will do it. I decided.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00002-00000712-00001237": "How did my junior partner do with my decision.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00003-00001733-00002279": "We have just finished shooting a video about our goods.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00004-00003190-00003598": "Did it go well? I will check.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00005-00003774-00003974": "Will you wear these socks?", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00006-00003974-00004211": "I will later.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00007-00004211-00004344": "I put them aside here.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00008-00004347-00004819": "This time, I will play a prank on Shota.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00009-00004819-00004974": "It’s called...", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00010-00004974-00005583": "If the older partner tell the junior partner to quit job, how will he react?", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00011-00005583-00006140": "I will clarify if my junior partner will react with my lie.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00012-00006375-00006687": "Spy camera is very useful.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00013-00006770-00007100": "Pass me the T-shirt on there.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00014-00007100-00007386": "Left one. It’s green long T-shirt.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00015-00007386-00007586": "Which?", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00016-00007863-00008063": "Hurry up.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00017-00008213-00008551": "Do you want to wear the same color’s shirt as mine?", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00018-00008570-00008926": "I will wear it underneath. You are annoying.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00019-00008960-00009203": "The words were too sharp.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00020-00009203-00009618": "I can‘t choose my clothes.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00021-00009629-00009922": "Whatever.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00022-00010962-00011341": "Shota", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00023-00011341-00011500": "Sho-chan", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00024-00011500-00011924": "What?", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00025-00011924-00012124": "Listen to me.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00026-00012938-00013138": "I will ...", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00027-00013470-00013670": "quit my job.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00028-00013787-00014080": "I decided it.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00029-00014225-00014425": "What are you supposed to do?", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00030-00014478-00014766": "I wanna work YouTube only.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00031-00014766-00015111": "(No)", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00032-00015446-00016000": "I think now situation is not good for our channel.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00033-00016024-00016427": "Well, it must be half-baked.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00034-00016427-00016665": "It can’t be.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00035-00016665-00016865": "Both of job and YouTube.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00036-00016865-00017239": "They can’t be half-baked. You work all hard enough.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00037-00017239-00018062": "I thought it was better to choose one of the two, so I have done YouTube.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00038-00018290-00019178": "You’re wrong.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00039-00019210-00020270": "Resignation letter has to be handed over one month before I leave my office. I will quit my job this year, so I handed over it already.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00040-00020400-00020540": "Really?", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00041-00020540-00020740": "It’s true.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00042-00020875-00021332": "I will quit my job at the end of December.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00043-00021332-00021475": "Hold on.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00044-00021475-00022208": "(I am confused.)", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00045-00022277-00022578": "That may be wrong.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00046-00022578-00022871": "Why? This is my decision.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00047-00022871-00023769": "It’s not the point whether you may not work hard and need choose one.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00048-00023769-00024194": "I apologize you for not having told you about it.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00049-00024194-00024580": "I believed you would accept what I did.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00050-00024580-00025070": "No, I never do.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00051-00025077-00025500": "We two should devote ourselves to YouTube.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00052-00025500-00026815": "We will do well with it and it canna be happy for me and the viewers, but", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00053-00026815-00027677": "To be honest, the income is getting lower and our lifestyle should be worse.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00054-00027686-00028326": "But, after we come over the difficulties, we can bear fruit.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00055-00028326-00028594": "We will be definitely happy after the demanding lifestyle.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00056-00028594-00029000": "Let me see,", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00057-00029000-00029200": "I can’t agree with you.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00058-00029200-00029572": "It’s too late. I handed over the resignation letter.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00059-00029911-00030863": "In case we are well off, I can agree with you.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00060-00030863-00031282": "We have some savings.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00061-00031282-00031843": "Shota, which is more important for you, money or me.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00062-00032036-00032545": "(It is out of the point.)", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00063-00032545-00032863": "Which is important?", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00064-00033435-00033931": "That’s not point.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00065-00033969-00034308": "As you know, money is important because we can‘t live without money.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00066-00034308-00034508": "Right.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00067-00034565-00035500": "Money is essential for us to live even though it is downplayed.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00068-00035500-00036196": "I can image our lifestyle without money is so miserable.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00069-00036197-00036591": "We can‘t do anything without money.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00070-00036606-00037016": "But, I handed over resignation letter already.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00071-00037362-00037834": "Well,", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00072-00037834-00038951": "some families have a housewife and a man of worker.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00073-00038951-00039732": "I think you should think better of it.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00074-00039746-00040033": "But, I handed over.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00075-00040033-00040233": "It’s caused by you.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00076-00040265-00040886": "You should have considered it deeply and consulted with me.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00077-00040886-00041184": "I decided it myself.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00078-00041184-00041459": "Not good. That‘s terrible.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00079-00041459-00041678": "I can‘t agree with you.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00080-00041678-00041942": "Well, what should I do?", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00081-00041942-00042424": "Do talk with your boss.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00082-00042451-00043822": "Should I say “I want to rescind my resignation”?", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00083-00043822-00044289": "(It‘s complicated.)", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00084-00044289-00045442": "No, I am not saying I don’t wanna support you.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00085-00045442-00046395": "I think it is better you work as long as you are in a good condition.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00086-00046406-00046606": "It can save money.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00087-00046606-00047176": "We can save the best for last.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00088-00047176-00048210": "We have worked on YouTube and I found there are enough times to shoot some videos.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00089-00048210-00048545": "I think most you tubers are the same situation as us.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00090-00048545-00048875": "Now situation must be the best for us.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00091-00048886-00049086": "(That‘s great advice.)", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00092-00049110-00049310": "Do you understand me?", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00093-00049383-00049706": "You say so, but I want to give up.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00094-00049706-00049906": "Your job?", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00095-00049918-00050457": "No, I am talking about shooting YouTube videos in spare moments.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00096-00050554-00050711": "(Our argument is lasting.)", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00097-00050711-00051193": "It’s impossible for you.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00098-00051271-00051471": "You don’t like to be kept under surveillance.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00099-00051536-00052068": "You are reminiscent of the saying of fortune-teller.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00100-00052068-00052476": "(The guy said “Working at the office is the best for him.” )", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00101-00052476-00054061": "For the YouTube, you should not be anxious because we can shoot videos in the off-days.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00102-00054061-00054832": "I can know your anxiety.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00103-00054832-00055403": "Our current lifestyle is not bad for us.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00104-00055515-00055836": "I will tell Shota all of them were lie.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00105-00055870-00056510": "At last, I want to talk about one thing to you.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00106-00056510-00057687": "The camera is shooting to check your reaction now.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00107-00058319-00058519": "(He should be slapped.)", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00108-00059471-00059857": "Did you honestly think I will quit my job?", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00109-00059927-00060883": "I could take a guess what you would talk about is your job.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00110-00060893-00061500": "But, I was honestly impatient when you said you handed over the resignation letter.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00111-00061500-00061783": "But, I would make you rescind your resignation.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00112-00061783-00062217": "I don’t quit.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00113-00062217-00062749": "We can‘t live without my job.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00114-00062749-00063769": "I should know better than to quit my job.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00115-00063769-00063969": "That’s all good.", "sC_xVM1X7Ey-00116-00064411-00064969": "This is CM."}}, {"audio_id": "sCCT4QwrdQA", "text": {"sCCT4QwrdQA-00000-00000006-00000648": "if you want to work from home, do this - part 1 of 2. the work from home", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00001-00000648-00001191": "movement got a big push from covid-19 so we've all seen that a lot of", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00002-00001191-00001521": "people are working from home but you know even before that a lot of people", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00003-00001521-00001860": "were switching to working from home if this is something you want to do you're", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00004-00001860-00002261": "gonna want to watch this video to the entirety and you're also gonna want to", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00005-00002261-00002768": "watch part 2 this is part 1 of two parts in a series on how you can work", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00006-00002768-00003239": "from home so in this video I'm gonna show you how you can work from home for", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00007-00003239-00003515": "your present employer and if that doesn't work I'll even show you", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00008-00003515-00003834": "companies that will allow you to work from home and you can just go to work", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00009-00003834-00004296": "for them and we're starting right now hey I'm J.R. Fisher been selling online", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00010-00004296-00004785": "since 2009 so millions of dollars above digital and physical products and on", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00011-00004785-00005282": "this channel I share with you ways you can start run and grow a business online", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00012-00005282-00005784": "or just work from home from your current employer now I also have a course it's a", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00013-00005784-00006180": "$97 course it's down in the description all you got to do is click on it and", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00014-00006180-00006584": "learn there's no credit card required do me a favor make sure you subscribe to", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00015-00006584-00006968": "this channel if you haven't already done so if you are already a subscriber", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00016-00006968-00007295": "welcome back and don't forget turn on notifications you gotta get the", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00017-00007295-00007704": "notification Bell turn on all those case when you do that you become part of the", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00018-00007704-00008220": "Fisher family the VIP group that gets notified every single time I do a new", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00019-00008220-00008415": "video so that way you don't miss out on anything", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00020-00008415-00008874": "okay now let's jump on this thing here this thing we call what working from", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00021-00008874-00009225": "home have you already tried to do it put it in the comments below if you already", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00022-00009225-00009495": "tried to work from home or you are working from home tell me how it's", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00023-00009495-00009840": "working out I want to hear your story just put your comments below don't", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00024-00009840-00010268": "forget to give me a thumbs up let's get going thanks to technology things like", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00025-00010268-00010938": "Skype and zoom and Google Hangouts and FaceTime and all these other programs", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00026-00010938-00011289": "out there a lot of people are figuring out they can actually work from home and", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00027-00011289-00011639": "you probably can too now the fact is we know why it's", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00028-00011639-00012047": "attractive as employees I mean we don't have to commute which is really cool we", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00029-00012047-00012354": "can you know eat at the house we can save ourself money we can be around our", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00030-00012354-00012696": "family we can do our own comfortable environments but the truth is if it", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00031-00012696-00012942": "wasn't good for an employer no companies we", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00032-00012942-00013390": "do it companies have figured out that you working from home can actually save", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00033-00013390-00013729": "them money they don't have to have office buildings and offices and you", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00034-00013729-00014169": "know elaborate computer setups and electricity and heat and cooling and all", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00035-00014169-00014595": "those things that they're gonna have to supply to you if you work in a building", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00036-00014595-00015037": "additionally they found that had reduced turnover people who work from home have", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00037-00015037-00015462": "a higher job satisfaction it also actually protects and insulates the", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00038-00015462-00015706": "company too because if there is a natural or", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00039-00015706-00016159": "man-made disaster and it affects that office building well you know they're", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00040-00016159-00016563": "out of business but if their employees work remotely all over the place then I", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00041-00016563-00016978": "almost has no effect on their business whatsoever so it's really beneficial to", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00042-00016978-00017404": "businesses to let employees work from home now to work from home it is", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00043-00017404-00017745": "necessary that you have the technology that's going to be required to do your", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00044-00017745-00017959": "job and that comes in many different forms", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00045-00017959-00018213": "you of course are gonna have to have a workspace you're gonna have to have", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00046-00018213-00018712": "internet connection now personally I end up in a Starbucks a lot so you know I", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00047-00018712-00019041": "can work out of a Starbucks they have the internet connection and there's the", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00048-00019041-00019401": "workspace right there there's a table and a place to sit so it makes it really", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00049-00019401-00019740": "easy the next thing I will tell you though that this is where some people", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00050-00019740-00020226": "mess up is they don't have a good work schedule you actually have to set times", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00051-00020226-00020598": "that you're gonna work and stick to it today I'm shooting videos today I shoot", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00052-00020598-00020982": "videos from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. that's what I know I have to do I have to get", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00053-00020982-00021315": "up earlier than that get some other work done prior to that and I'm gonna have to", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00054-00021315-00021762": "get some other work done after that the thing is I have a schedule and I don't", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00055-00021762-00022107": "get interrupted I don't do anything else I stick to that schedule if you're going", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00056-00022107-00022504": "to have to talk to other people in your business you know you got to work out", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00057-00022504-00022804": "how you gonna do that you're gonna use Skype or you're gonna use FaceTime you", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00058-00022804-00023209": "know zoom what are you gonna use you got to get that all set up to now obviously", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00059-00023209-00023740": "there's certain jobs that kind of lend themselves to working online like IT IT", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00060-00023740-00024051": "you certainly don't need to go in an office and sit next to somebody but also", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00061-00024051-00024550": "virtual assistants any type of data entry instruction and teaching can", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00062-00024550-00024912": "easily be done online so there's a lot of jobs that really shouldn't be done in", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00063-00024912-00025212": "person they should actually be done online and you're gonna see a huge", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00064-00025212-00025552": "change of this from you know months ago before Cova Dean", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00065-00025552-00025951": "hit us because a lot of people are gonna realize that they can now work there", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00066-00025951-00026281": "because they've done it they were they were forced into this test there's a", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00067-00026281-00026820": "variety of really big companies that are now turning the page and having their", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00068-00026820-00027277": "people work from home companies like Amazon and Dell and Humana Kaplan", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00069-00027277-00027694": "Salesforce they all have remote employees at this time and they have a", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00070-00027694-00028177": "whole lot more than they ever did before and that workforce is growing now on top", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00071-00028177-00028531": "of all the things like your technology and your internet and all that you need", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00072-00028531-00028897": "to really get organized as to how you're gonna handle things things like your", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00073-00028897-00029202": "kids being around your pets being around how are you gonna deal with those", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00074-00029202-00029652": "situations upfront you know with your employer if you're gonna be working for", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00075-00029652-00030031": "an employer you kind of got to know the ground rules what's expected of you is", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00076-00030031-00030402": "it a set amount of work or is it that you're available to answer calls from", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00077-00030402-00030739": "9:00 to 5:00 we want to get this set up right up front so there's no confusion", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00078-00030739-00031156": "make sure you're allowed to work on a public Wi-Fi that you don't have to have", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00079-00031156-00031570": "some type of secure connection you know some companies do require that and you", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00080-00031570-00031948": "may have to address that at the time how are you gonna communicate with your", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00081-00031948-00032392": "fellow employees is it gonna be through slack is it gonna be through asana how", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00082-00032392-00032839": "are you going to you know work on your different projects and everybody work on", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00083-00032839-00033151": "it and it all get organized I would suggest if you're doing this with an", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00084-00033151-00033457": "employer you want to have some trial runs first because you're gonna run into", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00085-00033457-00033781": "issues you're gonna have problems you know not everything is always gonna be", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00086-00033781-00034108": "smooth so you know have some trial runs and figure out where you need to make", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00087-00034108-00034594": "some adjustments now earlier I said set up a functional workspace now not", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00088-00034594-00034933": "everybody isn't gonna have an office this is my office in the house so I have", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00089-00034933-00035176": "this office here that's really nice I can sit in here and work if I want", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00090-00035176-00035545": "however maybe you don't have a space like this but you do want to have it", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00091-00035545-00035854": "removed from noise and interruptions you know maybe it's the corner of your", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00092-00035854-00036139": "bedroom maybe it's the corner of the living room you know maybe it's the", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00093-00036139-00036448": "kitchen table I don't know where it is for you but you know where the best", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00094-00036448-00036811": "space is for you to get the type work done that you want to do if you don't", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00095-00036811-00037180": "have a designated space it makes it really difficult because if you do have", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00096-00037180-00037564": "a designated space it kind of puts you in the mindset that I'm working now I'm", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00097-00037564-00037837": "doing this but you know if you're just sitting on the couch and you're thumbing", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00098-00037837-00038179": "through TV shows all day long and then doing some work and then going back to", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00099-00038179-00038331": "TV shows you're not gonna be very", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00100-00038331-00038775": "productive you really have to have the right internet speed you know I see so", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00101-00038775-00039243": "many people matter fact I had a call the other day with a business and the person", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00102-00039243-00039494": "was trying to pull something up and it was actually a nurse that I was talking", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00103-00039494-00039750": "to on the line and she was trying to pull stuff up and she kept saying I'm", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00104-00039750-00040083": "sorry it's slow loading and slow loading I said are you working from home she", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00105-00040083-00040418": "says yeah I said you just have normal internet she goes yeah I'm like well", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00106-00040418-00040752": "there's the problem okay if you're gonna be working from home and you're gonna", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00107-00040752-00041340": "need access stuff on the internet normal home Internet is not very fast and", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00108-00041340-00041678": "you're gonna have some issues now in our home we have a business internet as a", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00109-00041678-00042012": "business level internet so that we can get our work done because if you're", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00110-00042012-00042486": "staring at your screen waiting for you know half hour 45 minutes overall you", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00111-00042486-00042840": "know throughout the day that's gonna waste a lot of time so you know you", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00112-00042840-00043281": "spending another 20 30 40 50 dollars a month can save you a tremendous amount", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00113-00043281-00043652": "of time and this is something you want to address maybe with your employer too", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00114-00043652-00044049": "if you're working for an employer and they're having you work remote make sure", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00115-00044049-00044438": "you setup the right phone apps this is one thing I see where in businesses", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00116-00044438-00044799": "there's maybe 10 or 20 or 30 employees and they're all using different ways to", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00117-00044799-00045152": "connect so you know if one employee always uses Skype it always has Skype", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00118-00045152-00045519": "open and I'm another employee and I like to use FaceTime and I never have Skype", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00119-00045519-00045809": "open they're not gonna be able to get ahold of me so you have to have some", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00120-00045809-00046236": "ground rules what are we going to use for communications and we have to have", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00121-00046236-00046565": "those apps open at all time so that we can communicate with each other you also", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00122-00046565-00047046": "want to minimize distractions you know if you have dogs barking and if you have", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00123-00047046-00047400": "jackhammers going outside and construction all that that can be very", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00124-00047400-00047712": "disruptive to the person that you're talking to you want to use some noise", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00125-00047712-00048383": "cancelling type of headset or iPod pros earphones something that's gonna knock", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00126-00048383-00048833": "out that outside noise if you have kids around they can disturb you too so you", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00127-00048833-00049187": "may want to make a deal with a husband or wife you know who's gonna watch the", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00128-00049187-00049530": "kid at what times I had an employee that is", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00129-00049530-00049908": "at home a lot and he works nights and his wife works you know days and they", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00130-00049908-00050433": "take off time to watch their child they can do that because they both work", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00131-00050433-00050844": "remote so make sure you plan that out in advance if it's not planned in advance", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00132-00050844-00051062": "then there's always going to be arguments there's always going to be", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00133-00051062-00051612": "problems for you plan extra social interactions now I know a lot of people", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00134-00051612-00051977": "like the idea of working in solitude and getting their work done but we still", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00135-00051977-00052374": "need that human interaction so make sure even if it's not off-site where you meet", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00136-00052374-00052698": "somebody at a restaurant something like that but make sure that you are", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00137-00052698-00053102": "connected with the people you work with do some video chats do some skypes with", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00138-00053102-00053582": "your video camera on do some face times with your video camera on and take those", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00139-00053582-00053985": "breaks to talk to other people on your team and it'll make it a whole lot more", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00140-00053985-00054210": "organized and you will be more productive if you take those little", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00141-00054210-00054626": "mental breaks now it used to be yeah the people who work from home it was kind of", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00142-00054626-00054966": "hokey you know maybe it was an Amway some multi-level company something like", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00143-00054966-00055254": "that where they trying to keep their costs down so they said oh yeah you get", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00144-00055254-00055641": "to work from your house but many major companies now are having their employees", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00145-00055641-00056013": "work from home as a matter of fact work from home employees over the past couple", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00146-00056013-00056307": "years it's gone a thirty nine percent that's huge", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00147-00056307-00056882": "that is HUGE so the availability of work from home jobs is actually out there on", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00148-00056882-00057327": "the site flex jobs.com they actually vet the companies that", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00149-00057327-00057747": "have people work from home they check on them and see if the employees are happy", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00150-00057747-00058107": "and if they're learning a good living and they do regular surveys to make sure", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00151-00058107-00058479": "that those companies that are offering jobs on their site or real work from", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00152-00058479-00058854": "home jobs they're not some type of multi-level scam you know a lot of", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00153-00058854-00059489": "health care providers now Humana CVS health United Health Group or having", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00154-00059489-00059844": "their employees work from home yes even nurses can work from home they don't", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00155-00059844-00060339": "necessarily have to you know take vitals on a patient in an office they can", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00156-00060339-00060657": "actually interview them through questions and find out what's going on", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00157-00060657-00061110": "and they can actually help that patient this also goes for their you know", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00158-00061110-00061488": "insurance workers you know they don't need to have a person in their doctor's", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00159-00061488-00061754": "office doing the insurance they can certainly do that", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00160-00061754-00062144": "over video chat they can do that over the telephone so that allows these", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00161-00062144-00062494": "people to work from home too now there's a ton of companies out there that you", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00162-00062494-00062810": "can actually get a job from and work from home one of the biggest one is", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00163-00062810-00063287": "Amazon Amazon com is hiring a lot of people to work from home at the time of", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00164-00063287-00063688": "this recording Amazon has seven hundred and fifty thousand people working remote", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00165-00063688-00064016": "for the company another big company that's doing this is Dell you can check", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00166-00064016-00064477": "with Dell Dell comm has tons of people that work from home if you want to work", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00167-00064477-00064975": "in health care Humana is a great company to work for and they have so many remote", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00168-00064975-00065329": "positions that's another company may want to try it with so even if your", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00169-00065329-00065630": "company's not gonna let you I'm gonna give you something that will aDNA that", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00170-00065630-00065983": "no insurance is another big company that will let you work remotely they're out", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00171-00065983-00066364": "there and they're hiring right now American Express is always looking for", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00172-00066364-00066719": "people go to their website check out their job board there and you can find", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00173-00066719-00067169": "you can get a remote job from them also Kaplan Kaplan is a great training", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00174-00067169-00067777": "company from K to 12 programs and they need people to work remotely another", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00175-00067777-00068344": "company is salesforce.com they're in the fortune magazine top 100 best companies", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00176-00068344-00068822": "to work for and they'll let you work remote ADP which has a lot of data", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00177-00068822-00069364": "processing right they will let you work from home check out ADP let's not forget", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00178-00069364-00069899": "the big giant sea rocks Xerox has so many positions available now for people", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00179-00069899-00070235": "to work from home and there's so many different positions there's you know", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00180-00070235-00070751": "data entry there's translators there's virtual assistants there's so many", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00181-00070751-00071152": "different positions that you can get and work from home you know why not check it", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00182-00071152-00071476": "out you know even if you gonna want to work a call center something that's not", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00183-00071476-00071861": "as skilled you can work a call center from your house so that should give you", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00184-00071861-00072266": "some ideas of things you need to do and if your company won't let you work from", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00185-00072266-00072524": "home there are companies that will let you work from home and you can certainly", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00186-00072524-00072901": "go apply to those companies I really appreciate you watching this video put", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00187-00072901-00073231": "your comments below what did you get out of this video what did you learn", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00188-00073231-00073511": "are you working from home tell me all about it tell me how it's going for you", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00189-00073511-00073906": "in the comments below like I said I preached it you watch it but you got to", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00190-00073906-00074278": "subscribe you gotta hit that subscribe button you got a bring the bow", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00191-00074278-00074731": "on all belt and other patients it's super important that you do that now in", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00192-00074731-00075184": "the next video I'm gonna talk about companies you could work for at home and", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00193-00075184-00075595": "avoid scams because there are some scams out there see if you type in work from", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00194-00075595-00075928": "home believe me there's some scams out there stay away from those I also have a", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00195-00075928-00076315": "$97 ecommerce course you can get absolutely free click the link in the", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00196-00076315-00076714": "description below and I'm gonna see you in the next video video 2 of this series", "sCCT4QwrdQA-00197-00076714-00077954": "thanks for watching and I'm gonna see you in the next video"}}, {"audio_id": "sCVrwv61XpE", "text": {"sCVrwv61XpE-00000-00000000-00000505": "-Come in -Oh, Hello. -Hello.", "sCVrwv61XpE-00001-00000505-00001056": "My name is Kuriko I married a Korean, Kyungsik, and came to Korea.", "sCVrwv61XpE-00002-00001056-00001418": "Today, Kyung-sik came to house with his close brother.", "sCVrwv61XpE-00003-00001418-00002072": "It's late after 11 pm but I feel good to see Kyungsik happy", "sCVrwv61XpE-00004-00002072-00002385": "No, it's annoying!", "sCVrwv61XpE-00005-00002565-00003194": "-So, Kyungsik ate corn then -Oh, my God! Corn? -Stop talking about me", "sCVrwv61XpE-00006-00003334-00003938": "Now even the close people of Kyeongsik have become like a family to me.", "sCVrwv61XpE-00007-00004177-00004956": "-I'm going home now -I'll do the dishes. You guys put the trash in here. -Okay", "sCVrwv61XpE-00008-00005025-00005300": "I can't believe I'm washing the dishes at 4 a.m.!", "sCVrwv61XpE-00009-00005300-00005867": "When he proposed to me, he promised me he'd never get water on my hands. But it was a lie", "sCVrwv61XpE-00010-00005867-00006568": "In my next life, I will be born as Geppetto's grandfather and use Kyungsik Pinocchio as a firewood in winter", "sCVrwv61XpE-00011-00006614-00006818": "-Honey, did you finish cleaning?", "sCVrwv61XpE-00012-00006991-00007215": "-Eh?", "sCVrwv61XpE-00013-00007215-00007624": "The happy faces of the two... And sticky touch..", "sCVrwv61XpE-00014-00007624-00008109": "What's the... They're not a couple, are they?", "sCVrwv61XpE-00015-00008109-00008390": "-Call me ‘Honey’ -Honey", "sCVrwv61XpE-00016-00008480-00008703": "H...Honey?", "sCVrwv61XpE-00017-00008763-00008898": "Full concentration.", "sCVrwv61XpE-00018-00008898-00009014": "Kuriko's breathing", "sCVrwv61XpE-00019-00009014-00009322": "The 6th skill. Lost puppy!", "sCVrwv61XpE-00020-00009454-00010216": "It's no use fighting two powerful men in front of Kuriko, a lost dog!", "sCVrwv61XpE-00021-00010216-00010927": "Your smiling faces will soon be covered with tears!!", "sCVrwv61XpE-00022-00010927-00011199": "What the....", "sCVrwv61XpE-00023-00011199-00011351": "-F*** **** *******!", "sCVrwv61XpE-00024-00011351-00011514": "-What's wrong, Kuriko? -What are you doing?", "sCVrwv61XpE-00025-00011514-00011706": "-Honey! What's your relationship?", "sCVrwv61XpE-00026-00011706-00011870": "-What? -Why?", "sCVrwv61XpE-00027-00011870-00012077": "-Are you guys a couple?", "sCVrwv61XpE-00028-00012077-00012397": "-Kurikoni misunderstood. This is a doll", "sCVrwv61XpE-00029-00012397-00012706": "-I bought a doll as your present because you like it", "sCVrwv61XpE-00030-00013007-00014177": "For me, who loves dolls, Kyungsik bought a sleeping princess, Pangsoon doll, which is a limited edition of the world, as my present", "sCVrwv61XpE-00031-00014466-00014958": "Thanks to Kyungsik's kindness, our love heated up", "sCVrwv61XpE-00032-00014958-00015738": "Kyeongsik-gun, who is into Pangsoon doll, bought 20,000 more Pangsoon dolls, so there was no space in my house."}}, {"audio_id": "sCWVWm0I7-Q", "text": {"sCWVWm0I7-Q-00000-00000153-00000606": "USS GEORGE WASHINGTON COMPLETED SEA TRIALS AFTER A SIX-MONTH ROUTINE MAINTENANCE PERIOD", "sCWVWm0I7-Q-00001-00000606-00000923": "AT ITS FORWARD-OPERATING LOCATION OF FLEET ACTIVITIES, YOKOSUKA, JAPAN.", "sCWVWm0I7-Q-00002-00000923-00001340": "\"THE PURPOSE OF SEA TRIALS IS PRETTY MUCH TO SEE IF WE'RE ACTUALLY READY TO GET OUT", "sCWVWm0I7-Q-00003-00001340-00001440": "TO SEA.", "sCWVWm0I7-Q-00004-00001440-00001805": "MAKING SURE EVERYTHING WORKS RIGHT, MAKING SURE WE'RE MISSION READY.\"", "sCWVWm0I7-Q-00005-00001805-00002197": "SEA TRIALS PROVIDED GEORGE WASHINGTON THE OPPORTUNITY TO CONDUCT AT-SEA EVOLUTIONS TO", "sCWVWm0I7-Q-00006-00002197-00002594": "ENSURE THE CREW AND SHIP ARE READY FOR THEIR UPCOMING 2014 PATROL .", "sCWVWm0I7-Q-00007-00002594-00003018": "\"WELL, AS FAR AS SEA TRIALS FOR DAMAGE CONTROL, IT'S FOR US TO HELP THE FLIGHT DECK ESTABLISH", "sCWVWm0I7-Q-00008-00003018-00003748": "THEIR QUALIFICATIONS FOR FLIGHT DECK OPERATIONS AND ENSURE OUR AFFF SYSTEMS WORK.\"", "sCWVWm0I7-Q-00009-00003748-00004157": "THESE TESTS AND DRILLS PLAY A VITAL ROLE TO ENSURE THE SHIP CAN CONTINUE TO PROVIDE A", "sCWVWm0I7-Q-00010-00004157-00004607": "FORWARD-DEPLOYED PRESENCE AND ENHANCE SECURITY AND STABILITY IN THE INDO-ASIA PACIFIC REGION.", "sCWVWm0I7-Q-00011-00004607-00004950": "FOR USS GEORGE WASHINGTON, I'M PETTY OFFICER RICARDO GUZMAN."}}, {"audio_id": "sD0Qf-8RoNE", "text": {"sD0Qf-8RoNE-00000-00000129-00000441": "Dear employees, dear students,", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00001-00000441-00000723": "I’m happy to welcome each and every one of you!", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00002-00000723-00001107": "After over two years that we spent in exceptional circumstances  due to the corona pandemic,", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00003-00001107-00001509": "it is a pleasure to see so many students at JLU again.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00004-00001509-00001977": "We have been looking forward to this new beginning  for a long time -", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00005-00001977-00002247": "and it is all the better and nicer that you are welcomed back  to your university in these spring-like temperatures.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00006-00002247-00002622": "Some of you even get to know your university like this for the first time.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00007-00002622-00003258": "Having said this, I would like to welcome you all  to the summer semester 2022!", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00008-00003258-00003660": "Unfortunately, the joy of the start of the attendance semester is not unconditional -", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00009-00003660-00004020": "quite the contrary.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00010-00004020-00004575": "The Corona pandemic continues to preoccupy us,  but it has clearly taken a back seat in view", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00011-00004575-00005016": "of the horrifying Russian war of aggression against Ukraine.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00012-00005016-00005547": "Apart from the worries and fears that are probably depriving many of us of sleep,", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00013-00005547-00006141": "the war is also directly affecting Justus Liebig University  with its focus on Eastern Europe.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00014-00006141-00006762": "Many of our students and employees have connections with Ukraine", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00015-00006762-00007137": "and are deeply worried about their friends or relatives.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00016-00007137-00007491": "The personal stories I have heard at various occasions", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00017-00007491-00007970": "are extremely distressing.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00018-00007970-00008607": "The same applies to the intensive contacts with our partner universities in Kiev:", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00019-00008607-00009114": "Our colleagues in Kiev are in close exchange", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00020-00009114-00009420": "with our International Office to enable as many students as possible", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00021-00009420-00009909": "to continue their studies with us in safety.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00022-00009909-00010593": "I would like to thank everyone who responded to our appeal for donations", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00023-00010593-00010914": "and generously supported our aid fund for students,  researchers and teachers from Ukraine.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00024-00010914-00011166": "Many people continue to need our help:", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00025-00011166-00011820": "About 100 applications have reached us so far, a nd we welcome every additional donation.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00026-00011820-00012294": "You can find the link to the donation form  and all further information", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00027-00012294-00012609": "on our Ukraine JLU websites.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00028-00012736-00012916": "Maybe you feel the same way:", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00029-00012916-00013219": "In the face of these existential hardships,", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00030-00013219-00013753": "many of the things that normally occupy us –  seminars, research projects, administrative work –", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00031-00013753-00014149": "now seem trivial.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00032-00014149-00014671": "Since many of us probably feel exhausted following the many crises  of the past couple of years,", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00033-00014671-00014956": "it is understandable that there might be a feeling of meaninglessness.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00034-00014956-00015175": "I would therefore like to assure you today:", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00035-00015175-00015634": "What you do at JLU - in whatever field - matters.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00036-00015805-00016177": "Don't be fooled by the fact that in major crises many other things at the university", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00037-00016177-00016543": "seem to vanish into the background.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00038-00016543-00016675": "Quite the opposite:", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00039-00016675-00017041": "We need researchers who are passionate about their respective fields,", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00040-00017041-00017428": "so much that they can blend out everything else in the right moments.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00041-00017428-00017899": "We need students who, in these days,", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00042-00017899-00018148": "simply enjoy normal university life and the community it offers.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00043-00018148-00018391": "And we need employees", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00044-00018391-00018892": "who can draw new strength from real  and genuine encounters with their teams.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00045-00018892-00019603": "Against this background, I can only encourage you to turn away  from the depressing news stream from time to time", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00046-00019603-00020362": "and to focus on the things that are close to your heart.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00047-00020362-00020758": "To our students, I wish much joy", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00048-00020758-00021154": "in finally discovering JLU \"in real life\" after the virtual years.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00049-00021154-00021430": "And especially addressing our first-year students,  I would like to point out", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00050-00021430-00021832": "that it is a unique new period of life that awaits you.", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00051-00021832-00021952": "Please enjoy it!", "sD0Qf-8RoNE-00052-00021952-00022687": "I wish you all a Happy Easter and a successful summer semester 2022."}}, {"audio_id": "sDqhEQz8UqQ", "text": {"sDqhEQz8UqQ-00000-00000000-00000200": "Get your cat Tee Shirts & mug  in link below"}}, {"audio_id": "sDuurNl0qW8", "text": {"sDuurNl0qW8-00000-00000000-00001592": "this is how can yamin asked to leave dumetz dimir the sad private video has been leaked", "sDuurNl0qW8-00001-00001848-00002504": "we have kanyaman's statement to demet's demir recorded with his phone try not to cry this", "sDuurNl0qW8-00002-00002504-00003088": "turkish romantic comedy played by kan yaman in the role of kindevit and by dimetsdemir in the", "sDuurNl0qW8-00003-00003088-00003672": "role of sana maiden was shot in 2019 and has been hooked on our country and half the planet", "sDuurNl0qW8-00004-00003672-00004240": "by the chemistry between the protagonist couple and why not say it among all the actors of the", "sDuurNl0qW8-00005-00004240-00004872": "series one of the ways to realize if there is a good atmosphere in a shoot is to observe what its", "sDuurNl0qW8-00006-00004872-00005656": "actors do in waiting and downtime analyze their gestures their looks whether they smile or not", "sDuurNl0qW8-00007-00005656-00006200": "if they look for each other hug each other and unfortunately we have bad news for fans", "sDuurNl0qW8-00008-00006200-00006880": "of kanyaman and demet's demir they wanted each other and we say bad news because it is a real", "sDuurNl0qW8-00009-00006880-00007512": "shame that such a beautiful couple who decided to follow their love story behind the spotlight is no", "sDuurNl0qW8-00010-00007512-00008200": "longer together because of jealousy this week the newspaper la provincia has published a series of", "sDuurNl0qW8-00011-00008200-00008856": "videos showing kanyaman and demet's demir in love behind the scenes are you crying i'm not crying", "sDuurNl0qW8-00012-00008968-00009504": "in this clip you can see the good atmosphere that was breathed in the breaks between the actors who", "sDuurNl0qW8-00013-00009504-00010048": "improvised a soccer patch in guido with demet under the sticks pay attention to the final hug", "sDuurNl0qW8-00014-00010048-00010832": "between can and demet i can't i can't the same newspaper has also published another video on", "sDuurNl0qW8-00015-00010832-00011416": "youtube where you can see the complicity between kanyaman and demet's dimir in love and we already", "sDuurNl0qW8-00016-00011416-00011944": "warn you if you are a fan of the couple it will be very hard for you to watch this video", "sDuurNl0qW8-00017-00012016-00012528": "in the first sequences you can see how can and demet are writing in a car recording a scene", "sDuurNl0qW8-00018-00012528-00013008": "in a moment of pause in the filming can takes out her mobile phone and tells demet", "sDuurNl0qW8-00019-00013104-00013624": "i always want to work with you in all my projects i love you as my private couple", "sDuurNl0qW8-00020-00013624-00014047": "with this statement from kanyaman to demet's demir she is wanting to tell", "sDuurNl0qW8-00021-00014047-00016119": "her that she and he to be a couple out of the spotlight forever isn't it beautiful you"}}, {"audio_id": "sDvVpRbN_jU", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "sDCc4mcWFFU", "text": {"sDCc4mcWFFU-00000-00000168-00000407": "The holidays are a busy time for us all.", "sDCc4mcWFFU-00001-00000407-00000692": "But I'd ask that you include in that time", "sDCc4mcWFFU-00002-00000692-00000911": "reflection on the many men and women", "sDCc4mcWFFU-00003-00000911-00001096": "who are wearing the uniform of our country", "sDCc4mcWFFU-00004-00001096-00001238": "around the world.", "sDCc4mcWFFU-00005-00001280-00001498": "If you're serving, thank you.", "sDCc4mcWFFU-00006-00001498-00001744": "If you're family member of someone serving,", "sDCc4mcWFFU-00007-00001744-00002051": "thank you for the sacrifices that you make.", "sDCc4mcWFFU-00008-00002051-00002256": "And for everyone else, please keep", "sDCc4mcWFFU-00009-00002256-00002398": "in your thoughts and prayers", "sDCc4mcWFFU-00010-00002398-00002642": "the hundreds of thousands of soldiers,", "sDCc4mcWFFU-00011-00002642-00003002": "sailors, airmen, marines, and coast guardsmen", "sDCc4mcWFFU-00012-00003002-00003323": "who are deployed around the world right now,", "sDCc4mcWFFU-00013-00003323-00003740": "away from their families so that you can be with yours.", "sDCc4mcWFFU-00014-00003775-00004017": "Happy holidays and thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "sDe2KD4IJ9Y", "text": {"sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00000-00000328-00000748": "Metal Kim Review - Netflix Death Note (2017)", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00001-00000861-00000938": "Alright.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00002-00000938-00001082": "Let's see where this went wrong.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00003-00001088-00001368": "...there was a request for Death Note on Netflix in the comments...", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00004-00001446-00001680": "Today's review is Death Note on Netflix.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00005-00001680-00001888": "This review contains spoilers.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00006-00001894-00002116": "Actually, I was already worried about this film before it even came out.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00007-00002116-00002354": "Because the status of the animation-based movies", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00008-00002354-00002732": "is a pathetic sandwich of disappointment with Warcraft being the latest one.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00009-00002732-00002918": "Shoehorned action sequences...", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00010-00002918-00003146": "Cast lineup and acting that just ignore the original...", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00011-00003146-00003482": "If the issue of Japanese live-action films is about only \"preserving\" the originals,", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00012-00003482-00003810": "The issue of Hollywood ones is about completely \"severing\" ties with the originals.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00013-00003810-00004156": "Not to my surprise,  this one too burned my eye sockets with its terrible image.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00014-00004158-00004494": "So... let's take a look at how bad this thing is.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00015-00004494-00004888": "As a scapegoat for Hollywood's racial diversity, here's black \"L\" who can only sleep with LED glasses and lullabies on.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00016-00004892-00005260": "And the romance, comedy ridden \"Light\" who ruins the film so horribly.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00017-00005260-00005426": "His name's \"Light Turner\" in this, by the way.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00018-00005426-00005624": "And \"Ryuk\" as the cherry on top of this mess.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00019-00005624-00005756": "Let's slowly go over the synopsis.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00020-00005756-00006014": "It somewhat sticks to the first part of the original series.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00021-00006014-00006294": "Note pickup, FBI agents - things like that.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00022-00006294-00006528": "...except for killing criminals to hook up with a girl", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00023-00006528-00006768": "and that girl demolishing every single fed.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00024-00006768-00007038": "Oh, and Ryuk returned as a lunatic war boy.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00025-00007038-00007298": "KIIIIILL EVERRRYTHIIIIIIIING", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00026-00007302-00007772": "He sets the darkish tone by throwing the whole school down into oblivion with outrageous executions.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00027-00007772-00008058": "And then all he does is this ferris wheel fatality move.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00028-00008062-00008392": "As mentioned earlier, Light starts his serial criminal killing just to get a girl's attention", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00029-00008392-00008662": "and obviously, he confronts with black L on his tail because of that.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00030-00008662-00009010": "This is the film's version of one of the  memorable scenes from the manga, \"I'm the L\" moment.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00031-00009010-00009188": "Then this dumb fucking retard goes like", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00032-00009188-00009742": "\"I may have massacred over 400 people but I'm a man with a good heart. Ya think we can make a deal?\"", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00033-00009742-00009834": "And black L is like", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00034-00009834-00010184": "\"Aha, man, I don't have any rhyme or reason to come and get you while your old man is not even dead yet", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00035-00010184-00010316": "but here's the warrant anyway!\"", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00036-00010316-00010428": "Meanwhile, Ryuk is like", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00037-00010428-00010716": "KIIIIILL THEMMM ALLLLLLL", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00038-00010716-00010966": "Well, the warrant part happens a bit later but that's how it is nonetheless.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00039-00010966-00011264": "And then Light tries to know L's real name by manipulating Watari.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00040-00011270-00011344": "AND", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00041-00011344-00011452": "WATARI'S REAL NAME IS", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00042-00011458-00011550": "just Watari.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00043-00011622-00011948": "I hoped there'd be no more beating on the dead horse after Death Note: The New World,", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00044-00011948-00012084": "but this atrocious thing happened regardless.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00045-00012088-00012284": "Well, it's not that bad when you don't think about the original manga,", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00046-00012284-00012474": "except the character's intelligence is as same as that of a damn nutria.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00047-00012478-00012919": "It's like a \"what-if\" story where Death Note is a bad action film rather than a mystery thriller.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00048-00012919-00013490": "But the point is, people want to see the intense guess game instead of a mess with 5 minutes of an unnecessary run-and-chase sequence.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00049-00013490-00013808": "Still can't see a reason why they cared to acquire the original IP for this shit.", "sDe2KD4IJ9Y-00050-00013808-00014172": "English subtitles by: MiNOOS (브랜든의 번역창고)"}}, {"audio_id": "sDHe3DtLnHg", "text": {"sDHe3DtLnHg-00000-00000008-00000367": "Meanwhile the crackdown on China continues President Trump is vowing", "sDHe3DtLnHg-00001-00000367-00000768": "economic retaliation after Beijing over its expanding", "sDHe3DtLnHg-00002-00000768-00001048": "military and the role that it has played in the", "sDHe3DtLnHg-00003-00001048-00001384": "current virus pandemic the president says that he would consider quote", "sDHe3DtLnHg-00004-00001384-00001744": "decoupling from China or further tariffs on China", "sDHe3DtLnHg-00005-00001744-00002096": "Ryan your reaction yeah it sounds great in theory but", "sDHe3DtLnHg-00006-00002096-00002432": "you know China's exports to the US last month went up 20%", "sDHe3DtLnHg-00007-00002432-00002751": "Maria so China's selling us more goods than ever", "sDHe3DtLnHg-00008-00002751-00003200": "so I think it's good rhetoric for you know coming into the election which is", "sDHe3DtLnHg-00009-00003200-00003504": "you know we're in that season now but I think the bottom line is if anything", "sDHe3DtLnHg-00010-00003504-00003904": "trade has actually been amped up and you know frankly that phase one trade deal", "sDHe3DtLnHg-00011-00003904-00004287": "actually worked really really well we're not going tit for tat with tariffs", "sDHe3DtLnHg-00012-00004287-00004600": "any more and you're seeing you know even China's", "sDHe3DtLnHg-00013-00004600-00004839": "buying more agricultural goods from the US", "sDHe3DtLnHg-00014-00004839-00005303": "so think overall trade's actually going up between the US and China ironically", "sDHe3DtLnHg-00015-00005303-00005760": "even though the rhetoric's a little bit different."}}, {"audio_id": "sDKxNbr8z5g", "text": {"sDKxNbr8z5g-00000-00000098-00000638": "[music]", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00001-00001309-00001606": "This is EDUC 4703U,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00002-00001607-00001816": "Teaching and Learning – Problem Based Learning.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00003-00002054-00002316": "The Analysis Questions for this video clip are as follow.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00004-00002318-00002838": "Number one, what is the relationship between PBLOs and social constructivism?", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00005-00002866-00003228": "Number two, how is a community of learners established", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00006-00003229-00003411": "when PBLOs are used?", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00007-00003413-00003574": "Number three,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00008-00003575-00003925": "where are PBLOs categorized on the grid generated", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00009-00003926-00004362": "by the intersection of process slash content-centred axis", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00010-00004363-00004708": "and the teacher slash student-driven axis?", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00011-00004831-00005119": "Number four, what types of problems exist", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00012-00005121-00005357": "and what are  their characteristics?", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00013-00005828-00006040": "This particular video clip starts taking a look at", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00014-00006042-00006254": "the theoretical underpinnings for PBLOs.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00015-00006255-00006615": "In other words, what is the theory that's underlying the structure,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00016-00006616-00006938": "um, a- and the construction of PBLOs themselves.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00017-00006940-00007472": "So this first, uh, slide takes a look at social constructivism, uh, very briefly.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00018-00007473-00007882": "In general, constructivists believe that each person builds", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00019-00007883-00008361": "an individual perspective of reality based on his or her experiences", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00020-00008362-00008520": "and frames of reference.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00021-00008521-00008845": "And that learning will occur if students are given opportunities", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00022-00008846-00009170": "to construct personal meanings out of their experiences,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00023-00009172-00009487": "particularly when discussed, uh, with their peers.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00024-00009488-00009938": "So that's taken from Piaget in '72, von Glasersfeld in '95,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00025-00009939-00010193": "Vygotsky in 1978.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00026-00010194-00010513": "New conceptions or understandings should be intelligible,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00027-00010514-00010685": "plausible, and fruitful.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00028-00010687-00011198": "That's, uh, referenced to Posner, Strike, Hewson, and Gertzog, 1982.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00029-00011239-00011690": "While PBLOs can be used for reflection by individuals working independently,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00030-00011691-00012042": "their strength is evident in socially defined spaces", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00031-00012043-00012304": "where individual perceptions are communicated", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00032-00012305-00012684": "and debated with others in collaborative processes of conjecture", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00033-00012686-00013100": "and refutation – that of course is a reference to Popper, 1963.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00034-00013102-00013542": "More will be said about constructivism in a subsequent video clip.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00035-00013989-00014453": "In addition to constructivism,  we are also dealing with a concept,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00036-00014455-00014796": "um, that is referred to as  community of practice", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00037-00014798-00014987": "or community of learners.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00038-00014988-00015317": "The scientific, using the very broad definition of this word,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00039-00015318-00015742": "academic community, relies on the process of peer review", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00040-00015743-00016159": "to ensure that a certain standard of rigour and quality is maintained.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00041-00016160-00016488": "And that's a reference  by Wenger, uh, 2000.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00042-00016526-00016765": "The community of practitioners, like any other,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00043-00016766-00016924": "has certain conditions and standards", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00044-00016926-00017138": "that determine the strength of the warrants", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00045-00017139-00017302": "for the knowledge claims.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00046-00017304-00017674": "Longino, in 1994, identifies four conditions", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00047-00017676-00018019": "that a community of practisioners- practitioners must meet", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00048-00018020-00018450": "if consensus is to count as knowledge rather than mere opinion.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00049-00018494-00018940": "Firstly, there must be publicly  recognized forums for criticism.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00050-00018941-00019238": "Secondly, there must be uptake of criticism.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00051-00019239-00019460": "I- in other words, the community needs to do more", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00052-00019462-00019823": "than merely tolerate dissent, it must act on it.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00053-00019858-00020132": "Thirdly, there must be publicly recognized standards", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00054-00020133-00020414": "for evaluation  of theory and practice.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00055-00020416-00020776": "And fourthly, there must be equality of intellectual authority –", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00056-00020777-00021186": "what is included or excluded must result from critical dialogue,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00057-00021188-00021569": "rather than the exercise of political or economic power.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00058-00021623-00021886": "In this course, all students are required to participate", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00059-00021888-00022219": "in an online community of learners under such conditions.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00060-00022634-00023037": "Taking a look next at, uh, learning objects", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00061-00023039-00023717": "and the basis of the, um, categorization of PBLOs as learning objects.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00062-00023775-00023955": "Problem Based Learning Objects, or PBLOs,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00063-00023956-00024315": "differ from traditional characterizations of learning objects", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00064-00024367-00024569": "because they do not contain content", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00065-00024570-00024847": "that is tied directly to curriculum outcomes.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00066-00024848-00025234": "They're specifically designed to motivate or to initiate a process", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00067-00025235-00025541": "rather than to deliver actual curriculum content.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00068-00025542-00025767": "The content provided in PBLOs", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00069-00025768-00026112": "is used more to instigate thinking and discussion,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00070-00026114-00026454": "as discussed earlier, uh, that is process-centred,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00071-00026455-00026901": "than to provide so-called knowledge intended to be acquired by users.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00072-00026903-00027244": "As such, PBLOs are driv- learner-driven,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00073-00027246-00027572": "as the learners build their own context appropriate solutions", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00074-00027573-00027756": "to the posed problems.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00075-00027758-00028110": "Consequently, PBLOs are not content delivery systems,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00076-00028111-00028346": "nor do they offer simulation environments", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00077-00028347-00028596": "as proposed by Papert in 1980.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00078-00028597-00028981": "Since PBLOs also do not collect learner information", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00079-00028982-00029314": "to then tailor the training to the user,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00080-00029315-00029634": "they do not fall  into an adaptive technology category", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00081-00029636-00029864": "where intelligent tutoring systems,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00082-00029866-00030274": "uh, reference to Wenger in 1987, have been prominent.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00083-00030276-00030551": "PBLOs,  in their present iteration,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00084-00030554-00030935": "contain a problem consistent, or problems,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00085-00030938-00031108": "consistent  with problem based learning,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00086-00031110-00031445": "PBL approach commonly used in medical schools and engineering.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00087-00031448-00031765": "That's a reference to Savin-Baden, 2007.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00088-00031768-00032201": "PBLOs do not contain the solution,  nor do they propose a method.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00089-00032204-00032417": "These are left to the learners to construct.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00090-00032482-00033002": "PBLOs can, therefore, be best placed in the upper right quadrant of the grid", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00091-00033003-00033383": "as they are both student or learner directed in their use,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00092-00033386-00033730": "and the overall orientation of the objects is one of process", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00093-00033733-00034067": "as the intent of their use is not specifically to concentrate on", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00094-00034070-00034261": "specific problems  or the solutions,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00095-00034264-00034660": "but to focus on the consensually derived understandings", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00096-00034663-00034965": "arising from the interaction with the objects", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00097-00034968-00035289": "and the other members  of the environment or the community.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00098-00035291-00035605": "Further information regarding the organization of learning objects", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00099-00035607-00035946": "and virtual environments will be discussed in a later clip.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00100-00036305-00036828": "The fourth element or component of PBLOs is obviously PBL,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00101-00036830-00036983": "Problem Based Learning.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00102-00036986-00037470": "Problems, in a PBL environment, provide a context within which to learn.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00103-00037471-00037743": "Simultaneously, they provide motivation,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00104-00037746-00038000": "as the learners already know why they are learning.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00105-00038003-00038190": "In other words, to search for problems", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00106-00038192-00038468": "and then, solutions to those problems.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00107-00038470-00038841": "Problems can be viewed as objects that cannot be achieved directly", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00108-00038844-00039181": "as there is some type of obstacle, or multiple obstacles,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00109-00039184-00039582": "which must be overcome, and that's a reference to Watts, 1991.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00110-00039584-00039817": "Please refer to the definition of problems", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00111-00039820-00040224": "given in an earlier video clip, and d- that is illustrated,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00112-00040227-00040564": "that definition is illustrated  on the slide in front of you.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00113-00041063-00041465": "Problems can be categorized into a variety of levels of complexity", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00114-00041468-00041674": "depending on how much contextual information", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00115-00041677-00041840": "is given to the learners.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00116-00041894-00042069": "\"Given\" and \"goal\" problems,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00117-00042105-00042389": "again this is a reference to Watts, 1991,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00118-00042392-00042656": "vary by the type of information given to the learners", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00119-00042659-00043082": "in that \"given\" problems contain statements of both the goal", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00120-00043085-00043454": "and some suggested strategies to be used to solve the problem.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00121-00043499-00043933": "And \"goal\" problems have the goal stated but no strategies are suggested.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00122-00044000-00044230": "A third type of problem, \"own\" problems,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00123-00044233-00044484": "again referenced to Watts, 1991,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00124-00044487-00044755": "include neither the goal nor the strategies.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00125-00044758-00045161": "Problems of this type consist primarily of a statement of context,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00126-00045163-00045492": "and the learners are required  to identify the problem or problems", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00127-00045495-00045704": "embedded in the context.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00128-00045707-00046039": "In learning contexts such as those employed in PBLOs,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00129-00046042-00046464": "learners will collaboratively identify, access and use resources", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00130-00046467-00046819": "in order to solve problems of all three types described above.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00131-00046822-00047069": "The model of problem based learning used in PBLOs", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00132-00047072-00047277": "also fits the categorization structure", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00133-00047278-00047537": "of problem based learning for professional action,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00134-00047540-00047844": "as proposed by Savin-Baden, 2007.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00135-00047847-00048144": "This model has, as its overarching concept,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00136-00048147-00048325": "the notion of know-how.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00137-00048328-00048773": "Action is seen here as the defining principle of the curriculum", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00138-00048824-00049029": "whereby learning is both around", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00139-00049069-00049313": "what it will enable students to be able to do,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00140-00049359-00049747": "and around mechanisms that are perceived to enable students", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00141-00049749-00049984": "to become competent to practice.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00142-00050019-00050379": "Since PBLOs combine a rich mix of theoretical elements,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00143-00050382-00050717": "multimedia exemplars and reflective questions,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00144-00050720-00051063": "they are used to encourage learners to critique the t- techniques", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00145-00051066-00051327": "and activities displayed in the video,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00146-00051330-00051685": "and to allow the learners to determine the place of those techniques", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00147-00051688-00051985": "and activities in their own thought processes.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00148-00052150-00052473": "The theoretical reference here is one that was given earlier,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00149-00052515-00052796": "it's, uh, you're invited to read the paper,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00150-00052842-00053200": "uh, by van Oostveen, Desjardins, Bullock, 2010,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00151-00053203-00053657": "and again this one is, uh, listed on the CCL website,", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00152-00053660-00053840": "uh, Canadian Council for Learning", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00153-00053843-00054484": "and I will give the URL, um... in WebCT.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00154-00054977-00055392": "Finally, the Synthesis Questions for this video clip are as follows.", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00155-00055395-00055752": "Number one, why are PBLOs structured based on", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00156-00055755-00055934": "a social constructivist learning theory", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00157-00055937-00056235": "rather than a behaviourist or cognitivist theory?", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00158-00056267-00056540": "Number two, what is the role of criticism", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00159-00056543-00056807": "in the establishment of a community of learners?", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00160-00056810-00057143": "How does this idea of criticism compare to Popper’s ideas", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00161-00057146-00057411": "of conjectures and refutations?", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00162-00057414-00057774": "Number three, why are PBLOs considered to be process-centred", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00163-00057776-00057930": "and student-directed?", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00164-00057933-00058255": "And number four, why are PBLOs most closely aligned", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00165-00058258-00058444": "with \"own\" type problems?", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00166-00058447-00058678": "What are the characteristics that allow PBLOs", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00167-00058681-00058955": "to fit within the \"own\" type?", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00168-00059271-00059508": "[music]", "sDKxNbr8z5g-00169-00059509-00059725": "captioned by inclusivemedia.ca"}}, {"audio_id": "sDSAOAUr8Go", "text": {"sDSAOAUr8Go-00000-00000091-00000319": "This is NBC 17."}}, {"audio_id": "sDVK3r0-L-A", "text": {"sDVK3r0-L-A-00000-00000858-00001350": "good evening everybody um my name is Bridget Shearer I'm the Parks and Recreation director", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00001-00001350-00002304": "for the city of Belmont and I'm pleased to welcome you all to our March Belmont talks event um just", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00002-00002304-00002982": "uh um quick overview of what Belmont talks is all about you've all heard of TED talks and thanks", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00003-00002982-00003606": "to our volunteer volunteer coordinator Susan rendina we have modified TED talks to um bring", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00004-00003606-00004188": "it to Belmont and make a Belmont talk series and so since January I think of last year we have been", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00005-00004188-00004872": "hosting a talk series every month on all different types of topics and one of our most popular um is", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00006-00004872-00005544": "about gardening and so we're excited to be hosting this evening this evening's topic next month", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00007-00005544-00006300": "on April 13th we're going to be offering a um a presentation about the dangers of fentanyl as you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00008-00006300-00006648": "know that's a big problem in in every community in the United States right now and that's going", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00009-00006648-00007344": "to be hosted by the Bell police department and on May 11th we're going to have Toastmasters", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00010-00007344-00008009": "come and talk to us about giving presentations and um and being comfortable with public speaking so", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00011-00008009-00008496": "um again I want to thank you all for for joining us on this rainy evening whether you're in person", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00012-00008496-00009126": "or on zoom and thank you to the Belmont Library for making the space available to us um so now I'm", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00013-00009126-00009648": "going to hand over to um Jonathan prop who's going to be talking about spring and summer", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00014-00009648-00010410": "vegetable gardening welcome everybody I apologize for not being there in person in the library but", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00015-00010410-00011250": "um given the weather I didn't feel great about driving up there tonight and so fortunately", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00016-00011250-00012054": "Bridget and Susan were flexible and willing to let me present via Zoom so I'm down here in Menlo Park", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00017-00012174-00012690": "um we're going to talk about spring and summer vegetable gardening and I was thinking today", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00018-00012882-00013644": "um given how cold it's been and how rainy it is it's it's hard to kind of wrap your mind around", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00019-00013644-00014526": "the concept of Summer gardening right now but the fact is it really is time to start planning", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00020-00014526-00015240": "out your spring and summer vegetable garden and to actually start planting stuff so that's what", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00021-00015240-00016116": "we'll cover today um before I start just a couple of things the if you're not familiar", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00022-00016116-00017058": "with the Master Gardeners um we are a volunteer branch of UC Cooperative Extension uh which is", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00023-00017058-00017706": "the Agricultural Extension Service of of the University of California um there's a master", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00024-00017706-00018744": "Gardener's branch in pretty much every county in California the same the chapter the San Mateo-San", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00025-00018744-00019746": "Francisco chapter has been around since I think 2006 and I joined in 2008. okay let's get started", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00026-00019746-00020406": "I'm gonna go for an hour here and we'll leave a half hour for Q and A so if you do have questions", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00027-00020406-00021036": "just put them in the chat window we're gonna have people monitoring the chat stream and they're", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00028-00021036-00021642": "going to compile the questions and then at the very end we'll start digging into the questions", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00029-00021756-00022440": "okay well um let's get started so here's the agenda for tonight we'll talk about", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00030-00022440-00023178": "soil because soil is so important to Growing good vegetables what when and where to plant which is", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00031-00023178-00023910": "probably what you're most interested in we'll talk about propagating seeds transplanting then", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00032-00023910-00024552": "we'll we'll talk about some things about caring for your plants as they're growing and maturing", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00033-00024552-00025110": "and fruiting and then just a little bit at the end about things like irrigation Pest Control", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00034-00025200-00026142": "there's a lot of slides here and I'm not going to have time to go through them all really but", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00035-00026142-00027077": "you all will have access to the presentation it went out in the invitation today as a PDF file", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00036-00027077-00028026": "and if if you don't have it then just give your email address to Susan in the library and she'll", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00037-00028026-00028566": "make sure that you can get the presentation that way there's a lot of detail on some of the slides", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00038-00028566-00029868": "that you we may not get to in the next hour okay so soil this is a a great view of what soil is and", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00039-00029927-00030570": "I I think for a lot of people it's kind of eye-opening to see what is soil made", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00040-00030570-00031488": "of and you know so for example it's 25 percent air right and and 25 Water", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00041-00031589-00032430": "mineral particles 45 and then the remaining is organic matter with which you can see broken out", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00042-00032430-00033474": "at at the end there's been a lot of research about soil in the last 20 years or or so and I think we", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00043-00033474-00034230": "understand so much better what is going on down there basically what it is is that soil is alive", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00044-00034308-00035184": "there are microorganisms and organisms who live in the soil we've learned a lot about", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00045-00035268-00036126": "fungi and bacteria specifically mycorrhizal fungi which have a symbiotic relationship with plants", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00046-00036126-00037212": "and they free up nutrients from the soil to the plant in exchange for some of the sugars that the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00047-00037212-00038136": "plant creates through photosynthesis so there's an amazing web of life in the soil and the reason", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00048-00038136-00039078": "that matters is because if you want healthy plants and tasty vegetables you need to cultivate good", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00049-00039078-00040062": "soil and a lot of our native soils here in in the Bay Area and on the peninsula are not very good", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00050-00040218-00040854": "um they've been you know sort of the product of tectonic plates mashing together and", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00051-00040854-00041448": "so we have a lot of clay in in our soils they're fairly alkaline", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00052-00041574-00042666": "um and so you need to cultivate good soil and as you build soil over the years you want to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00053-00042666-00043662": "make sure that you don't dig it up and kill some of the microorganisms now you know not all of us", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00054-00043662-00044736": "have the luxury of being able to Garden in the natural soil um so you can have potting soil", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00055-00044736-00045492": "in containers for example and and we'll address that later but the first thing you want to think", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00056-00045492-00046404": "about in the springtime is feeding your soil so the best way to do that is to add some compost", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00057-00046494-00047328": "compost is putting organic matter into the soil so if you remember that chart some", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00058-00047484-00048354": "um ten percent five percent of the soil is organic matter right it's decomposed uh plants", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00059-00048354-00049326": "and manure and things like that um you want to be adding compost to your soil in the spring so um", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00060-00049536-00050448": "the best thing to do is is to get a good two to three inches of compost put it apply it to your", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00061-00050448-00051582": "bed and um then mix it into the top few inches of of the soil a lot of times people will ask we get", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00062-00051582-00052674": "free compost from Recology and various people have looked at that soil at that compost and sometimes", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00063-00052674-00053591": "there's some uh not great stuff that comes through in that compost and doesn't fully break down so if", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00064-00053591-00054276": "if you're serious and you want to have an organic vegetable garden I would recommend that you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00065-00054366-00054948": "buy an organic compost you can get at a garden store down here in the South", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00066-00054948-00055541": "Peninsula there there are some places like web Ranch where you can pick up organic compost", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00067-00055644-00056262": "Etc so what do you do in the spring add compost mix it into your soil", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00068-00056376-00057300": "um if you need more nutrients in the soil then add some fertilizer okay and we'll talk about", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00069-00057300-00058098": "when you might want to do that mix it into the top of your soil once you've planted and you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00070-00058098-00058991": "have seedlings then you can start mulching the soil and mulch is a layer on top of your soil", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00071-00058991-00059766": "which reduces evaporation and reduces weed growth and it can reduce evaporation by as", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00072-00059766-00060329": "much as 50 percent so particularly in hot summers here that can be really important", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00073-00060648-00061476": "if you planted a cover crop this is a photograph of fava beans which are commonly used cover crop", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00074-00061476-00062441": "crimson clover is another good one then at this point in the season it's grown up reasonably High", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00075-00062532-00063354": "it's too late to plant a cover crop now if you do a cover crop for next year you want it in in the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00076-00063354-00064020": "garden in October that way it can Sprout and start to grow grow slowly through the winter", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00077-00064020-00064866": "it'll pick up as the days get longer at this time of the year and cover cropping is a very natural", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00078-00064866-00065808": "way to add nutrients to the soil so fava beans and crimson clover that I mentioned vetch, oats,", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00079-00065808-00066654": "buckwheat, plants like that -- a lot of them add nitrogen to the soil so they're and nitrogen is", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00080-00066654-00067500": "one of the key nutrients that plants need so a lot of the cover crops are basically fixing nitrogen", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00081-00067500-00068262": "into the soil and that's why we do cover crops they also keep the soil from getting compacted", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00082-00068262-00068868": "because you have Roots growing down through there and that helps keep the air and the water in in", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00083-00068868-00069834": "the soil if you have grown a cover crop there's absolutely no need to pull the plants out with the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00084-00069834-00070656": "roots that'll disturb the microorganisms in there so you can just cut them off right at ground level", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00085-00070740-00071730": "and then chop them up really fine they'll be nice green mulch for your garden The Roots", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00086-00071730-00072384": "will die without any photosynthesis going on above them so that's an easy thing to do", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00087-00072492-00073164": "um if if you want to turn them under by all means you you can do so as I said once you cut the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00088-00073164-00073866": "plants down the roots Will Will just die and Decay and they'll become more organic matter in the soil", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00089-00073998-00074946": "now do you need to add fertilizer or not well to some extent it depends on what you grew in", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00090-00074946-00075798": "that I'm assuming that this is a garden bed maybe a raised bed where you grew vegetables last year", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00091-00075918-00076674": "if you did grow vegetables last year it depends on what you had in there so plants are characterized", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00092-00076674-00077616": "as heavy feeders light feeders and what we call Soil neutrals. heavy feeders are plants that use", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00093-00077616-00078348": "a lot of nutrients from the soil these are going to be your typical warm weather vegetables like", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00094-00078348-00079218": "tomatoes, cucumber, squash, eggplant, Etc that corn is is notorious for using up a lot of nutrients", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00095-00079272-00080214": "so if you were growing these last year then you've depleted a lot of the nutrients in the soil and", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00096-00080214-00081132": "unless you cover cropped you're going to need to add some nitrogen phosphorus potassium (N, P and K)", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00097-00081132-00082050": "the main elements of fertilizer into your soil now other plants are light feeders so you can see a", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00098-00082050-00083190": "lot of the um a lot of the root crops here -- mustard greens, Swiss chard, so those don't take a lot of", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00099-00083190-00083898": "nutrients from the soil if that's what you had in the bed you may not need to add fertilizer in", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00100-00083898-00084972": "the spring now soil neutrals are the legumes -- beans and peas -- and like the cover crops that I mentioned", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00101-00084972-00085824": "beans and peas actually add nitrogen to the soil it's it's what it's called nitrogen fixing if you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00102-00085824-00086442": "pull up your bean plant and look at the root it's got these little white nodules on it and", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00103-00086442-00087252": "and those are nitrogen fixing bacteria so they're taking nitrogen and feeding it down into the soil", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00104-00087318-00088488": "once those beans and peas start seeding and creating pods then that process reverses and", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00105-00088488-00089292": "it takes the nitrogen out of the soil to feed the the pods so that's why we call them soil neutrals", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00106-00089292-00090102": "they put so they put nitrogen in but then they're going to pull it out later um and the reason when", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00107-00090102-00091116": "you cover crop using say fava beans the reason you cut you cut them down is because you don't", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00108-00091116-00091776": "want them to to pod and form beans because they're going to reverse that nitrogen process so if you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00109-00091776-00092400": "do have a cover crop of fava beans you want to let them flower and then chop them down", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00110-00092916-00093822": "all right um one more thing on what to put in the garden and that is this idea of crop rotation so", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00111-00093924-00095226": "a lot of soil-borne diseases will build up in a vegetable bed if you keep planting the same family", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00112-00095316-00096078": "of vegetables over and over again so this Photograph here is something called verticillium", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00113-00096078-00096546": "Wilt and you can see it's a tomato plant and you can see the leaves are turning brown and", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00114-00096546-00097344": "dying there are two main types of Wilt in tomatoes fusarium Wilt and verticillium Wilt", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00115-00097344-00098010": "once they're in your soil they're really hard to get out and they last there for years and it'll", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00116-00098010-00099120": "just kill any tomatoes that you grow there so the way to avoid that is by not planting crops", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00117-00099120-00099648": "from the same family in successive years so for example if you're looking at Tomatoes they're in", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00118-00099648-00100602": "the nightshade family you you don't want you want to try to avoid whoops sorry you want to try to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00119-00100602-00101580": "avoid planting these crops in the same place year after year similar for for the other crops like", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00120-00101580-00102509": "the cruciferous vegetables here your your broccoli cauliflower brussels sprouts Etc um so you want to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00121-00102509-00103320": "rotate your crops now that said we don't all have the luxury to rotate crops for example", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00122-00103320-00104333": "in my yard I really only have like a couple of areas which get enough heat and sunlight to grow", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00123-00104418-00105240": "the eggplants and tomatoes and peppers so if you're in that situation then what are your", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00124-00105318-00106080": "choices well you can plant disease resistant varieties so if for example with tomatoes they'll", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00125-00106080-00107274": "have an F1 or V1 notification on the seed pack F1 being fusarium wilt, V1 being verticillium Wilt", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00126-00107274-00107970": "and that means that these are hybrid seeds that have been bred to be resistant to those varieties", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00127-00107970-00108744": "so if that's something you can try to do if you don't have the option to to rotate crops", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00128-00109158-00110040": "all right so um when to plant I'm sure this is what everyone was interested in this is a planning", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00129-00110040-00110706": "calendar that we have on the Master Gardener website if if you go to the website of the San", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00130-00110706-00111311": "Mateo San Francisco county Master Gardeners and and you go into gardening resources you'll see", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00131-00111311-00112109": "something called planting calendars and these were put together by one of our best gardeners Carol", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00132-00112109-00113190": "O'Donnell um over a decade ago and she created three calendars what we call foggy sunny and hot", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00133-00113261-00114000": "and that's because we have so many micro climates within San Francisco and San Mateo", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00134-00114000-00114846": "counties we have the whole fog belt which is over on the coast and much of San Francisco", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00135-00115032-00115944": "um the southern Peninsula side of San Mateo county is The Hot Zone Redwood City Menlo Park", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00136-00115944-00116861": "Atherton Woodside for example um and then sort of the in-between area is is what we call the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00137-00116861-00118074": "sunny area so I would say you know San Mateo um San Mateo San Carlos I chose this one for", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00138-00118074-00118733": "this presentation because I think Belmont kind of falls into the sunny area I mean you guys aren't", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00139-00118733-00119538": "really in the fog belt but you're definitely not in the banana belt of of San Mateo County", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00140-00119616-00120420": "so if you go to the website you can you can access all three there we even have them in in Spanish", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00141-00120582-00121302": "um and at the end I think Mandarin so the way to read this is you know for a", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00142-00121302-00122226": "particular month this is what you can plant and then s refers to seed and T refers to transplant", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00143-00122352-00123168": "if you look at this you'll see a few things first of all you can plant all the root crops from seed", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00144-00123168-00124404": "at this point um carrots carrots turnips beets um Etc um they don't mean particularly warm soil", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00145-00124542-00125111": "um I'll show you a slide in a second that gives you sort of optimum soil temperatures", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00146-00125111-00125802": "for germination you you can basically plant any of your root crops right now the other thing you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00147-00125802-00126606": "can plan from seed right now is a lot of your greens so for example spinach will do just", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00148-00126606-00127872": "fine lettuce will do just fine um collards Swiss chard um Etc so the greens generally", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00149-00127872-00128670": "can tolerate kind of cool soil conditions as well and you can you can plant them if you're", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00150-00128670-00129474": "thinking you can also plant your cruciferous vegetables now your cabbage cauliflower broccoli", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00151-00129540-00130272": "Etc but you'll really want to plant them from transplants which means you've either got to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00152-00130272-00131052": "go buy them in a garden store or you'll have had to have started them six weeks ago indoors", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00153-00131214-00132150": "um and then the one thing you'll see you you will see is missing from March is the warm", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00154-00132150-00133188": "weather vegetables so tomatoes peppers eggplants cucumbers beans it's just not warm enough for them", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00155-00133188-00133986": "yet particularly this year because it's been so cold um so the soil is not warm enough the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00156-00133986-00134808": "nighttime temperatures are not warm enough those you're going to find really in late April and May", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00157-00134970-00135408": "um you know when I started as a Master Gardener the perceived wisdom was that you put your", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00158-00135408-00136158": "tomatoes in the ground on May 1st and you know as our climate's been changing and warming you know", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00159-00136158-00137088": "that date has really moved into the second half of April I think and um I'll talk at", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00160-00137088-00137880": "the end about our spring seedling sale which is April 15th and that's a perfect time for", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00161-00137880-00138564": "getting your warm weather seedlings you buy them in mid-april you give them a week to what we call", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00162-00138564-00139170": "harden off and that is get used to being outside and and then they go in the ground in late April", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00163-00139596-00140172": "now the question of whether you plant from seed or from transplants", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00164-00140292-00141372": "um so first of all all the root crops don't transplant well so you must sow directly from seed", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00165-00141462-00142608": "the um the greens mostly and then um some of the cucurbits down here and the legumes", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00166-00142692-00143946": "you can do either um in my experience you know greens are pretty tender and and and fussy to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00167-00143946-00144714": "transplant I mean you think about transplanting a a small lettuce seedling it's it's pretty tender", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00168-00144714-00145914": "and small and kind of easy to to break it um all those greens will will do just fine from seed", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00169-00145914-00146820": "and as I said they'll germinate in pretty cool temperatures so these are you can do these from", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00170-00146922-00147390": "um transplants if you want to get an early start for example but they'll do", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00171-00147390-00148116": "just fine from seed peas and beans again if you want to get an early start you can", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00172-00148116-00148998": "you can start them inside but they really do quite well um so directly in your soil", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00173-00149100-00149868": "um similarly for squash and cucumbers they germinate quite well Outdoors it's just you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00174-00149868-00150504": "need much warmer soil temperature for for these guys down here than you have right now", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00175-00150690-00151602": "um and then you know in terms of some of these vegetables here it's generally um", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00176-00151662-00152220": "is generally perceived that it's better to do them as transplants than direct seeding", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00177-00152358-00153204": "um and so that's what most of us do now obviously someone's got to start it somewhere as a seed but", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00178-00153282-00153804": "um you know that's typically something that's going to be done indoors or in a greenhouse", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00179-00153804-00154950": "and then eventually taken outside that said I have a an Italian-American neighbor here who", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00180-00154950-00155790": "seeds all her Tomatoes directly outdoors in the spring in like 50 degrees soil and she says", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00181-00155874-00156402": "it works every year and she learned it from her mother so I think there's", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00182-00156402-00157092": "exceptions to every Rule and you know you probably could grow these um directly from", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00183-00157092-00157632": "seed Outdoors if you wanted to but most people are going to do them as transplants", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00184-00157896-00158712": "now this is this is some useful information about um you know the kind of seed temperatures", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00185-00158712-00159354": "you need to germinate so you know the the minimums are pretty low you can see", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00186-00159354-00159882": "here and like here you know here Tomatoes you know you can put them in as low as 50 degrees", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00187-00160032-00160842": "um but you can see the optimum range here and um you know it's a lot higher particularly I", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00188-00160842-00161652": "mean look look at this for squash the optimum range is really um quite High eggplant as well", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00189-00161778-00162558": "um and and and here's why that matters um this is days to germinate at different soil temperatures", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00190-00162558-00163518": "so you could put your Tomatoes into 50 degree soil and um they'll take a month and a half to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00191-00163518-00164418": "germinate okay um whereas if if you know you plant your tomatoes in 68 degrees soil it'll take a week", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00192-00164508-00165252": "and and this is why for things that you wanted direct seed outside like like your your your beans", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00193-00165252-00166260": "uh like say your beans or or your cucumbers or um not seeing squash here um you're really going to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00194-00166260-00167076": "want to see your soil temperature get up around 65 degrees or so before you put them in the soil", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00195-00167184-00167652": "um conversely I mean look at lettuce I mean lettuce is going to germinate in a", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00196-00167652-00168360": "week in 50 degree soil so you know there's no reason you can't go out there tomorrow", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00197-00168498-00168840": "um and plant lettuce except that you'll get rain dumped on you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00198-00168972-00169740": "um so the one of the best tools you can get yourself as a gardener is a soil thermometer", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00199-00169794-00170574": "costs like eight bucks and it's just a little probe you stick into the soil and that way you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00200-00170574-00171168": "know when it's a good time to plant or not and I went out there last week and I stuck", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00201-00171168-00171858": "it down my soil and it was like 50 degrees and if you think about it you know the nights have", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00202-00171858-00172752": "been around 40 and the days have been barely 55 so um it's not surprising that my soil is", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00203-00172752-00173448": "50 degrees and that's pretty cool for this time of year so get yourself a soil thermometer and", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00204-00173448-00174138": "that way you can monitor when it's a good time to start sowing directly in in in in the beds", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00205-00174312-00174858": "okay now a lot of times people ask is it better to plant seeds versus seedlings", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00206-00175116-00175872": "well as we already talked about there are some vegetables that you uh really want to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00207-00175872-00176430": "direct seed and not try to transplant so for those you're always going to want to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00208-00176430-00177252": "do seeds but where you have a choice you know what are the what are the pros and cons well", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00209-00177252-00177930": "seeds are going to be cheaper right you'll pay you know three dollars for a seed pack", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00210-00178080-00179160": "um and you know that can have you know dozens of seeds in it whereas you'll pay like four or", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00211-00179160-00179898": "five dollars for a six pack of of transplants like you know down in this photo here so it's", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00212-00179898-00180522": "certainly cheaper to do seeds another reason to do seeds is that there are", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00213-00180522-00181410": "way more varieties available if the the the the nurseries are stocking the most popular", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00214-00181518-00182268": "Brands varieties of vegetable and if you want something that's a little bit different", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00215-00182352-00182922": "you're not going to find it there right and that means you got to start from seed so for example", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00216-00183066-00184110": "um if I look at um snap beans um and I go to the nursery like they're always Blue Lake and Kentucky", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00217-00184110-00184890": "Wonder and those just aren't my favorite varieties of beans there are other varieties that I like", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00218-00184890-00185496": "better so I'll buy the Seed packets for those because you can get those whereas you can't get", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00219-00185496-00186420": "the seedlings for those so that's a big reason um to get to start from seeds rather than seedlings", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00220-00186420-00187140": "particularly if you're interested in growing like heirloom varieties there are a lot of seed", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00221-00187140-00188022": "companies now like Baker Creek seeds that sell some really wonderful heirloom variety vegetables", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00222-00188202-00188616": "um now the downside with seeds is it requires Advanced planning right", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00223-00188748-00189300": "um it's it's it's gonna be four to six weeks or so", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00224-00189366-00190566": "before those seeds turn into something you can transplant so um you know it if you didn't do the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00225-00190566-00191214": "advanced planning and you're like I want Swiss chard plants tomorrow then you're going to go", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00226-00191214-00191916": "out and get seedlings from from the garden store okay but if you can plan it out ahead of time you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00227-00191916-00192750": "have the space and tools to start things indoors then you know working from seeds is a great option", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00228-00193074-00194268": "let's talk a little bit about types of seeds so um hybrid seeds are commercially bred seeds", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00229-00194268-00194862": "they're not naturally occurring varieties they can be bred for disease resistance", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00230-00194862-00195654": "like we talked about with tomatoes or yield or or whatever if you try to save those seeds", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00231-00195744-00196236": "you're not going to get the same variety the next year because it's a mix of a couple of other", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00232-00196236-00197058": "varieties you'll get something but it's not going to be the same variety open pollinated seeds are", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00233-00197058-00197730": "these are naturally occurring seeds if you save those you'll get the same variety the next year", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00234-00197808-00198528": "heirlooms you often hear a lot about heirlooms they're simply an open pollinated variety that's", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00235-00198528-00199218": "got some sort of a long pedigree and a lot of us that grow heirlooms", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00236-00199278-00199974": "do it because you you don't find a lot of them in the grocery stores", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00237-00200058-00200772": "like for example with tomatoes a lot of the heirloom tomatoes have great flavor but they don't", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00238-00200772-00201888": "travel well so they're not going to be in the Safeways for example so so that's why a lot of us will", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00239-00201888-00202440": "grow heirlooms because if if you want those varieties that's how you're going to get them", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00240-00202914-00203430": "I'm not going to spend time on this so just one thing about Nursery starts", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00241-00203544-00204540": "um avoid really sort of tall leggy plants um any yellowing is a sign that um that plant long ago", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00242-00204540-00204978": "used up the nutrients in the soil and it's not going to be a particularly healthy plant", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00243-00205121-00205919": "um double stems you want to try to avoid you you really want to try to find a sturdy stem and then", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00244-00206058-00206694": "dark green means that it's getting enough nitrogen particularly and other nutrients", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00245-00206694-00207510": "out of the soil and then when I say right size for pot A good rule of thumb is that", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00246-00207582-00208476": "the root structure is a half to two-thirds of the length of the stem okay so if you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00247-00208476-00209028": "look at the stem on this really tall tomato here or this tall basil plant", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00248-00209112-00209898": "you can easily figure out that the roots have sort of bottomed out here in which case they're going", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00249-00209898-00210462": "to start going anywhere they can they're going to wrap around themselves and you'll never get a good", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00250-00210462-00211062": "root structure out of that plant so it's a little counterintuitive you know you go to the nursery", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00251-00211062-00211842": "and you think I want to buy the biggest thing for my money but oftentimes buying that oversized pot", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00252-00211842-00212382": "is going to give you an unhealthy plant so buy something that's right size for the pot", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00253-00212873-00213930": "okay starting seeds indoors um this is a way to you know get a jump start on the season so", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00254-00214038-00214896": "um if if you're you know planning to put your warm season crops in the ground in late April then", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00255-00214973-00215586": "um you should have planted them indoors by now it's it's not by any means too late to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00256-00215586-00215969": "start now you could you could go out and start this next week and you'd be fine", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00257-00216090-00216816": "um but a lot of us will have started in February uh here this is my setup here", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00258-00216960-00217548": "um I've appropriated my son's bedroom you can see his world map here over the desk and", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00259-00217619-00218190": "um I just I just have a tray here there's a heating mat under that and that is to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00260-00218190-00218640": "we talked about soil temperatures for germination a heating mat is going to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00261-00218640-00219173": "give you a warmer soil temperature while you're germinating the seeds", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00262-00219258-00219906": "um and then I've got a grow light over it and and and we'll talk about um grow lights because", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00263-00220032-00220752": "um once those seeds have germinated you're going to need to give them light and oftentimes whatever", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00264-00220752-00221514": "is coming through the windows is not enough so you you'll want to provide them some light um", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00265-00221730-00222558": "okay so um to germinate indoors first of all you want to clean your trays pots whatever you're", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00266-00222558-00223560": "using with a 10 percent bleach solution um I reuse you know when I buy vegetables at the nursery that", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00267-00223560-00224376": "transplants um they'll come in four inch pots I save all my four inch pots and reuse them but", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00268-00224376-00225390": "just in case there were some diseases in there I'll wash all the pots in water in a 10 percent bleach", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00269-00225390-00225936": "solution I'll just take a big bucket fill it with water put some bleach in there and then I'll just", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00270-00225936-00226650": "take all the pots and stir them around in there get everything off them and then rinse it rinse", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00271-00226650-00227238": "them out make sure they have holes on the bottom so water can drain out and again you're going to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00272-00227238-00228023": "put this in a in a seed tray so the seed tray holds all the water but the pots themselves", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00273-00228126-00228654": "you'll want holes in the bottom and then um the water would get wicked up", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00274-00228654-00229308": "from underneath by by The Roots um key thing to know about is that seed starting medium", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00275-00229452-00230262": "um often called planting mix is not the same as potting soil it's a special kind of mix that's", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00276-00230262-00231048": "lighter in weight so it's easier for seeds to germinate and pop through and it doesn't", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00277-00231048-00231798": "generally have any nutrients in it so it's really something that's just designed for germination and", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00278-00231798-00232823": "then you're going to need to either add nutrients or what we call up pot those seedlings to potting", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00279-00232823-00233621": "soil which is going to have more body and and nutrients in them make sure you keep them moist", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00280-00233742-00234246": "um if you look at my setup here this is a plastic cover here", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00281-00234402-00235271": "when I when I start this and I and I I put seeds in in here and I set it down in the heating mat", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00282-00235410-00236040": "um and and this I'll have the soil moist when I start I cover it with this", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00283-00236040-00236873": "um plastic or it's over here and that keeps the heat and humidity there and after about a", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00284-00236873-00237569": "week everything's sprouted I just take the plastic cover off but then you need to make sure you keep", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00285-00237569-00238314": "adding water in there and the best way to water it is is from is not from the top but from the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00286-00238314-00239166": "bottom okay so water only from Below and I turn the heating mat off after everything's germinated", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00287-00239250-00240078": "key Point label your pots I've made this mistake it's like you got I got 18 different pots in that", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00288-00240078-00240671": "tray and if I don't label them I'm like oh okay what was this and is this a tomato and", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00289-00240671-00241319": "what variety of tomato Etc so it may seem kind of mundane but label your pots okay", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00290-00241542-00241992": "um we've been doing a lot of work in the Master Gardeners with soil blocking", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00291-00242094-00242778": "um it's a technique it's been around for a long time but um it's it's it's actually it's a really", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00292-00242778-00243612": "cool technique it's um this is there are lots of different size and type soil blockers but it's", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00293-00243612-00244067": "um not a fancy device and and this is something that'll create", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00294-00244206-00245028": "um essentially four two by two inch blocks at one time and so with soil blocking", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00295-00245166-00245988": "um basically this thing serves as soil and pot at the same time um so you just plant in", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00296-00245988-00246408": "this thing and the great thing about the soil blocker is when you pull the handle", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00297-00246408-00247050": "down it creates the block and it creates a little divot in the top which is where you drop the seed", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00298-00247176-00247752": "um so it's kind of an all-in-one easy as you go kind of thing and then you don't need to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00299-00247752-00248736": "up pot at all these um this is a a uh it's it's really more of a potting soil than a planting mix", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00300-00248736-00249402": "and it has some nutrients in it you you can make your own soil mix or you can do it out", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00301-00249402-00250164": "of potting soil and then this whole block just goes straight in the garden as as a transplant", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00302-00250223-00250776": "so um it's it's a it's a really nice way to go and we're doing more and more of it", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00303-00251028-00251760": "okay once your seeds have germinated as I said you need a light source um about six", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00304-00251760-00252366": "to 12 inches from top of the plants um the arrangement that I have that I showed before", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00305-00252510-00253319": "um the the light is hanging on a chain and so I can adjust the chain as the seedlings get", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00306-00253319-00254076": "taller I can I can move the light up now here's the thing an ordinary fluorescent light doesn't", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00307-00254076-00255023": "really do the trick um vegetables absorb the ends of the light spectrum the blue end", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00308-00255023-00255623": "and the red end okay which is why it looks green because that's what it reflects back", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00309-00255623-00256686": "which is in the middle so you need both blue and red light for full spectrum um the light", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00310-00256686-00257580": "the light I have there is is what they call a grow light um it was like forty dollars and it", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00311-00257580-00258258": "has basically it's all LEDs it's not fluorescence it's got a red tube a blue tube and a white tube", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00312-00258354-00259050": "um and if if you're serious about this it's probably worth doing the investment in in a grow", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00313-00259050-00259938": "light otherwise I I would say you could do sort of a low budget option of um a bluish fluorescent", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00314-00259938-00260580": "which is what they call cool white and a reddish fluorescent which is what they call Warm White", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00315-00260796-00261492": "um here's a good trick you want to provide some air circulation so take a fan and put it on lowest", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00316-00261492-00262194": "speed and just blow it across the seedlings it helps them develop thicker sturdier stems", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00317-00262254-00262842": "plants need to sleep at night just like we do so basically mimic the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00318-00262842-00263262": "daylight hours turn on the grow light in the morning turn it off at night", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00319-00263400-00264108": "um trim to one plant per pod or per soil block rather than trying to tease out the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00320-00264108-00264558": "different stems from each other you can just trim it off with scissors and like I said", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00321-00264558-00265362": "the the root will die in there and just make sure they stay moist and and water from Below", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00322-00265584-00266406": "okay thinning whether you know once you've planted outside in the bed so particularly if you've", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00323-00266406-00267018": "direct seeded outside and you've you've seeded something like lettuce or greens or whatever", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00324-00267018-00267906": "you're gonna have way too many uh plants out there for you to use and and you need to give plants", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00325-00267906-00268578": "adequate space to let them grow up otherwise you'll you'll get you know very stunted plants", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00326-00268668-00269328": "um this is particularly true with your root crops um like if you've ever you know had a couple of", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00327-00269328-00269874": "carrots growing right next to each other then you you've seen that you don't get full-size carrots", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00328-00269874-00270816": "there because they're competing with each other so you have to give plants adequate spacing for", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00329-00270816-00271572": "what for when they grow up and just remember you know when you're doing things like when you're", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00330-00271572-00272226": "thinning something like greens say mustard greens or lettuce or swiss chard or whatever", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00331-00272226-00272826": "those things are perfectly edible you know they're what people call Micro greens and sell for a lot", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00332-00272826-00273888": "of money and and they're really tender and and good so whenever I I thin my um my uh my greens", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00333-00274002-00274824": "um I'll just snap the leaves off and save those and then throw those into salads but", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00334-00274824-00275556": "you definitely have to thin and thinning is really boring and yet it's it's something you have to do", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00335-00275862-00276534": "how much sun do your vegetables need well um your leaf or root vegetables can get by", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00336-00276534-00277368": "in six hours a day just fine but your fruiting vegetables and um you know those will include", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00337-00277368-00278268": "your squash cucumbers Peppers eggplants Tomatoes corn Etc they they need as much", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00338-00278268-00278892": "sunlight as you can give them and a minimum of eight hours a day um so all those warm weather", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00339-00278892-00279612": "vegetables you they just want as much sun and and as much heat as you as you can give them", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00340-00279924-00280308": "so when you get your warm weather vegetables and you're going to plant them", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00341-00280434-00281094": "um first of all plant deeply to establish root growth and when I say deep I mean deep and it's", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00342-00281094-00282288": "like it's hard to believe but you know a third to a half of the stem gets planted Underground", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00343-00282390-00283200": "okay so think about a tomato that you've got that you know might be this tall you're gonna put", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00344-00283200-00284106": "half of that um under the soil and that helps it develop a deep root system um follow the spacing", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00345-00284106-00284898": "guidelines I love this photo I found it online if you've ever grown a sun gold tomato which is the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00346-00284898-00285654": "most wonderful cherry tomato it's a what we call a vigorous grower meaning that it'll it'll take over", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00347-00285654-00286464": "your garden if you let it go um so you know this thing started at some point as this high right", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00348-00286584-00287160": "um and so when they give you spacing requirements on seed packs they're there for a reason", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00349-00287298-00288018": "um follow them like I said soil temperature needs to be 55 degrees and then they're", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00350-00288018-00288654": "all Heavy feeders so you're going to need to fertilize them every every two to four weeks", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00351-00289110-00289776": "um now companion planting there's been a lot of you know there's a lot of folk tales about", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00352-00289776-00290478": "companion planning what goes well what doesn't go well um only in the last few years have there", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00353-00290478-00290994": "has there been some good research on this and you know what is myth and what is fact", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00354-00291126-00292044": "um but some basic things is your cucurbits which are your cucumbers and your squash and melons", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00355-00292128-00292854": "need pollinators they have separate male and female flowers and they need somebody to take", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00356-00292854-00293574": "the pollen from the male flower to the female flower okay so having some flowers around that", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00357-00293574-00294354": "can attract pollinators is is a good thing for the cucurbits um your your nightshade family Tomatoes", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00358-00294354-00295242": "eggplants Peppers um they have male and female in the same flower so they don't need pollinators", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00359-00295242-00296262": "although there has been some interesting research done that bumblebees help the the male and female", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00360-00296262-00297186": "parts of the Tomato flower to to mingle that the buzzing of of bumblebees somehow the vibration", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00361-00297282-00297948": "helps the pollination process which is just fascinating um tomatoes onions and basil seem", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00362-00297948-00298416": "to go well together aside from the fact that they taste great together I don't know why this", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00363-00298416-00299196": "is but it seems to happen um lettuce carrots and radishes do seem to go well together uh", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00364-00299250-00299850": "I like to sort of plant them in alternative rows carrots and radishes of course are deep", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00365-00299850-00300606": "rooted lettuce is shallow rooted so you can you can intersperse them fairly closely together", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00366-00300738-00301590": "um you know carrots lettuce radishes Etc corn beans and squash is known as the three sisters", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00367-00301710-00302772": "um the indigenous peoples have grown these in combination for years um in the Santa Clara", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00368-00302772-00303216": "Master Gardeners demonstration garden down in San Jose they have a whole Three Sisters", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00369-00303216-00304164": "demonstration garden um and you know they there's good scientific reasons why these work", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00370-00304290-00305496": "um corn and squash are heavy feeders beans provide nitrogen to the soil so the beans essentially feed", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00371-00305496-00306522": "the corn and squash the corn provides a stalk for the beans to grow up so you don't need a trellis", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00372-00306588-00307026": "and then if you think about it the corn is really vertical", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00373-00307182-00307956": "and then the squash is very horizontal and spreads out between the stems of", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00374-00307956-00308700": "the Corn so the squash helps shade the soil in between the rows of corn", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00375-00308772-00309516": "so that's a well-researched and well proven combination um that that works well together", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00376-00309978-00310710": "you know in the Bay Area we all have small yards pretty much so you know what are", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00377-00310710-00311340": "some hacks you can do to make the most of small spaces so you can choose climbing varieties", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00378-00311466-00312276": "um this is uh kind of squash that I love it's called trumpeta which means trumpet in Italian", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00379-00312276-00312978": "and you can see it kind of looks like a you know an old medieval trumpet here it's a I mean it's", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00380-00312978-00313668": "absolutely beautiful and it's a Vining squash so so you can you know put it on a trellis or", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00381-00313740-00314250": "um or you know put it up a tomato cage or something like that", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00382-00314352-00314814": "um I like to grow a lot of stuff vertically because I don't have a lot of space horizontally", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00383-00314814-00315756": "so pole beans instead of uh bush beans for example and I'll just trellis them up um you know you can", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00384-00315756-00316500": "something like winter squash sprawls all over the place right so you could plant it right at the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00385-00316500-00317166": "corner of your raised bed and then let the winter squash just kind of sprawl outside of your bed", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00386-00317286-00318120": "um if you have shade loving plants like lettuce you can plant them beneath taller plants and", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00387-00318120-00319302": "keep your tallest plants at the end of the bed so they don't block the sun um one one of uh our best", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00388-00319302-00320502": "Master Gardeners sent me a photograph Last Summer of um how he he did the reverse um he planted his", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00389-00320502-00321234": "taller crops where they blocked the sunlight to some of his other crops and he was showing the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00390-00321234-00322182": "the difference in growth between the ones that were shaded and the ones that weren't and um he", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00391-00322182-00322698": "was he was very embarrassed about doing it but it was it was a great demonstration of the fact that", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00392-00322698-00323340": "you want to have your shorter plants closer to the side that's getting the Sun and not block the Sun", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00393-00323628-00324144": "okay a little bit about containers if you want to use containers for vegetables", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00394-00324258-00325152": "um for your large plants like tomatoes or squash use at least a five gallon container", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00395-00325152-00326004": "and and that means 18 inches deep the next slide is taken from the book Golden Gate gardening and", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00396-00326004-00326634": "it actually gives some recommendations on on how deep you need your containers but", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00397-00326688-00327222": "um you know when I buy fruit trees from the nursery they'll come in like five", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00398-00327222-00327924": "gallon sometimes even larger pots I will save those pots and again clean", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00399-00327924-00329142": "them with a bleach solution and use them as as pots for um for tomatoes um oops sorry um", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00400-00329364-00330288": "so you can actually reuse the potting soil in your containers this is a big if if you're maintaining", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00401-00330288-00331026": "nutrients and soil structure so you can't just take the same soil and replant in it the next", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00402-00331026-00331602": "year you got it because all the nutrients are taken out of that potting soil so you'll want to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00403-00331602-00332388": "add some fertilizer and compost to that soil just like you do to your your garden beds but if you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00404-00332388-00333000": "do something like that you you can probably get two to three years out of um out of potting soil", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00405-00333228-00333918": "now just one thing to bear in mind with containers is that you'll need to water", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00406-00333918-00334518": "more frequently and you'll need to add nutrients more frequently because it's", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00407-00334518-00335202": "a smaller space and the water and the nutrients are going to get absorbed more quickly ceramic", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00408-00335202-00335958": "pots especially can get pretty hot in in hot weather so um and when we do have a", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00409-00335958-00336528": "heat wave you need to check your plants and containers and if they're starting to be droopy", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00410-00336624-00337494": "um then you got to water them I put mulch into my containers and that keeps it from evaporating", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00411-00337614-00338712": "um try not to water from above and get it on the leaves try you you know the phrase I love is water", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00412-00338712-00339528": "the soil not the plant right when the plant can absorb the water through its leaves or the stem", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00413-00339594-00340458": "okay the plan can only get the water through its roots so when you water vegetables you you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00414-00340458-00341148": "want to water the soil and not the plants so that you know if you do have drip irrigation", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00415-00341304-00341778": "um run a drip line into the pot I have a lot of my containers", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00416-00341934-00342390": "um sort of next to my raised beds and so I'll just take a drip line and run", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00417-00342390-00343200": "it from the drip line that's in my raised bed and and put it into the uh the container", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00418-00343506-00344562": "um harvesting um takes a lot of time plan for it bear in mind that um you know some vegetables need", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00419-00344628-00345396": "to be harvested to keep producing so you know we've all had the experience of", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00420-00345450-00346182": "the zucchini that was hiding under a leaf and we didn't see it and when we found it it was the size", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00421-00346182-00347202": "of a baseball bat well if the plant is feeding that zucchini then it's not feeding other zucchini", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00422-00347202-00348144": "okay so you want to harvest things like squash and beans when they're at the appropriate size", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00423-00348144-00349476": "for harvesting because that in turn means that new new fruits will be created and then do successive", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00424-00349476-00350142": "plantings of of you know things like this to extend the season so for example you know with", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00425-00350142-00350910": "my beans I'll kind of plant beans every few weeks or so and that way you know I have have sort of a", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00426-00350910-00351876": "continual supply of beans similarly you know with some of the greens um if you just keep sowing them", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00427-00351876-00352488": "every few weeks or so that way you can sort of have lettuce going on all through the season", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00428-00352626-00353484": "um so just it takes a lot of planning because you know the the seed that you put in there today", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00429-00353568-00354360": "is gonna germinate in a week or two and then it's going to take a couple more weeks to get to any", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00430-00354360-00355002": "sort of decent sort of size so you always want to be thinking about six weeks ahead of time here's", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00431-00355002-00355674": "a better photo here you can see I've got some I've got some mustard greens and such already", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00432-00355674-00356652": "growing and then I've created a a row because I'm going to play in Swiss chard in between okay", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00433-00356652-00357414": "so you know the Swiss chart will get planted in in between the mustard greens and then um as the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00434-00357414-00358224": "mustard greens are sort of getting late in their life then the Chard is is going to be uh emerging", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00435-00358440-00358908": "okay I'm gonna wrap up very quickly on on a couple of topics and then we'll stop for", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00436-00358908-00359736": "questions irrigation water soil not the plant for that reason drip irrigation is the best way to go", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00437-00359880-00360804": "um it's not cheap uh it's not easy it tends to break but it is Far and Away the best way", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00438-00360804-00361506": "to deliver water directly to the soil if you take a hand sprayer and you go out there in", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00439-00361506-00362136": "the afternoon and you spray your vegetable garden from above half of that water is going straight up", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00440-00362136-00362910": "into the atmosphere okay and so if you have drip irrigation you're generally going to want to run", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00441-00362910-00363816": "it before Sunrise when evaporation is low and that water is going to go down to the roots of", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00442-00363816-00364752": "the plants where it's it's needed um water needs will change over the life cycle of a plant when", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00443-00364752-00365430": "you're germinating you need to keep the soil moist when plants are fruiting they generally", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00444-00365430-00366102": "have a need for a little bit more water and then after they've fruited you you can cut back on the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00445-00366102-00366792": "water but you got to look at things like you know is my soil clay or Sandy how much water", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00446-00366792-00367788": "does it retain and like mulching are we having Heat Wave etc etc um I'm not going to spend", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00447-00367788-00368646": "time on this you can look at this yourself but basically it's a way of trying to figure out how", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00448-00368646-00369372": "much water you need to give to your vegetables and unfortunately if you go online at some place like", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00449-00369462-00370254": "um UC agriculture and natural resources and and you look at irrigating vegetables they", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00450-00370254-00371106": "talk in in terms of this it's like one to two inches per week okay because that's how the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00451-00371106-00371772": "commercial Growers think about water use but it's like what does that mean for me right", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00452-00371880-00372480": "um so I've done some of the math here to help you help you figure it out and basically what", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00453-00372480-00373080": "it means is that for me using a four by eight bed which is a fairly standard size", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00454-00373224-00373758": "um and I've got drip irrigation with sort of standard emitters I basically need to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00455-00373758-00374586": "run it for two hours a week okay but you know you just need to do the math for your own situation", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00456-00374790-00375216": "okay uh finally pests um love them hate them", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00457-00375318-00375966": "um I think we get more questions about pests than anything else as Master Gardeners and", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00458-00376038-00376956": "um so UC ANR promotes something we call Integrated Pest Management and the whole idea is you know", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00459-00376956-00377784": "don't go out there and just dump a bunch of chemicals on on your your vegetables not", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00460-00377784-00378438": "good for the soil not good for you not good for the environment and the other animals out there", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00461-00378552-00379404": "um so you know they have sort of this five step process monitoring for pests like you know look", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00462-00379404-00380214": "for the signs of pest damage okay um and then figure out what you have there are some great", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00463-00380214-00380874": "resources online if you go to UC ANR to their integrated Pest Management web website they'll", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00464-00380874-00381660": "have like photographs that'll show you oh it's you know it's uh you know this kind of a beetle", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00465-00381660-00382662": "or it's it's this kind of of a moth or something like that um also it's a great use for the Master", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00466-00382662-00383442": "Gardeners you can email photos of the damage to our helpline and we'll get back to you you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00467-00383442-00384216": "know within a day or so I'm telling you what your problem is so once you figure out what it is then", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00468-00384216-00384978": "you start to do things like habitat modification so if it's snails you know you know can you get", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00469-00384978-00385548": "rid of areas where there might be snail nests nearby or rat's nests nearby or whatever", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00470-00385692-00386256": "um and then you go to population control so for snails you can go out at night and hand pick them", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00471-00386256-00387060": "so that it's the best proven method to reduce snail populations or if it's rats or mice then", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00472-00387060-00387696": "you put out traps and so forth right and then you know kind of the last step is biological", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00473-00387696-00388764": "controls which is you know follow nature and do what nature does to you know to control nature", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00474-00388764-00389628": "so most of these pests have predators right so you use those predators to eliminate the pests", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00475-00389628-00390504": "you know most of us are having kind of a rat and squirrel explosion on the peninsula these", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00476-00390504-00391254": "days and in large part it's because the natural predators of those animals have disappeared right", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00477-00391254-00392196": "so you know so how do you how can we use nature to control pests a couple of things that that I use", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00478-00392298-00393108": "um these are called floating row covers it's a it's a thin woven material um it lets in more than", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00479-00393108-00394110": "95 percent of the sunlight it's porous uh to rain and and so for my low crops particularly my greens", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00480-00394206-00395016": "um I'll cover them in these floating row covers um and you can look online for you know lots of", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00481-00395016-00396228": "good techniques for um for you know putting these over your beds um but you can see obviously this", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00482-00396228-00396978": "is going to keep out four-legged uh pests like squirrels and rats and mice um but it's also going", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00483-00396978-00397584": "to keep out a lot of insect pests so it's going to keep out your aphids and your beet Leaf miners", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00484-00397584-00398244": "for your squash for your Swiss chard and stuff like that now obviously if you have a tall plant like", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00485-00398244-00398970": "a tomato it's not going to work right so this only works for for where you have low crops", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00486-00399096-00399840": "um and then this is something else I use this is an electric fence this is my attempt at squirrel", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00487-00399918-00400434": "pest control and basically it delivers a kind of mild charge", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00488-00400548-00400902": "um to any squash who wants to go in and steal a tomato", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00489-00401160-00401772": "um okay not gonna spend time on composting we're going to stop for for questions so just a reminder", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00490-00401892-00402570": "um here are the flyers for the spring garden market Saturday April 15th 9 A.M to 1 p.m San", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00491-00402570-00403542": "Mateo County Event Center in San Mateo uh if there we have a lot of varieties of you know things like", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00492-00403542-00404316": "tomatoes that grow well in the fog belt if there are specific varieties you're interested in at the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00493-00404316-00404838": "market I would say get there early because a lot of the tomatoes are going to be gone by 11 o'clock", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00494-00405078-00405882": "and that is it um just want to do a big shout out to the library and Parks and Rec for", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00495-00405882-00406764": "doing such a great job of organizing and for doing this last minute pivot today so with that", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00496-00406830-00407010": "um Let's do let's see if we have any questions", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00497-00407256-00407808": "well so far Jonathan your your presentation was so complete we actually don't have any", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00498-00407808-00408402": "online questions although I do have a question for you if you don't mind which might interest", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00499-00408402-00408888": "other people too when you're using drip irrigation and you've got your little", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00500-00408888-00409530": "seedlings do you have to put the seedling right next to the drip hole or will the water kind of", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00501-00409530-00410142": "spread underground even though you can't see it happening that's a great question", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00502-00410346-00410982": "I I originally felt that it was better to be near the drip hole", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00503-00411156-00411882": "and then The more I've read about this the more I've learned that the water just travels", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00504-00411972-00412692": "in the soil now it depends on your soil right if you have you know a real clay-like soil that", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00505-00412692-00413442": "doesn't have a lot of good air pockets in it then maybe the water's not traveling as well but if", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00506-00413442-00414222": "you've got a good soil with decent air pockets then the water is probably going to travel in", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00507-00414222-00414984": "there thank you I've always wondered do we have any questions from the people who are at the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00508-00414984-00415776": "library we do oh the PowerPoint came well I can get it to you if you give me your email but if you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00509-00415776-00416604": "signed up it came in your email today there was a PDF yeah so you should have it another question", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00510-00417096-00417726": "I'd like to ask about how Jonathan feels about pruning tomatoes is he not and if he does", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00511-00417912-00418764": "what's his process did you ask a question yeah okay pruning tomatoes that wasn't a Master", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00512-00418764-00419760": "Gardener asking that question was it does a plant in the audience not at all okay okay so I um Susan", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00513-00419760-00420372": "it might help if you repeat questions but I think what I heard was pruning tomatoes yes do you prune", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00514-00420372-00421212": "them and yeah and how and how okay how is as important as if you do them okay so if you want", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00515-00421212-00422297": "to get two Master Gardeners to argue you you you talk about pruning tomatoes um so Tomatoes they're", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00516-00422297-00423030": "um there are these things called Suckers right so you've got a main stem okay so first of all", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00517-00423120-00423852": "two different types of tomatoes determine it and indeterminate and when you buy your Tomatoes", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00518-00423852-00424512": "make sure you know which type you're getting we have both types in the Master Gardener seedling", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00519-00424512-00425352": "sale there's a lot more indeterminate tomatoes than determinate determinate Tomatoes basically", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00520-00425435-00426120": "you're going to get all your fruit pretty much within a short window of time so it pretty much", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00521-00426120-00427428": "fruits at once okay indeterminate they they keep growing and they keep fruiting over time um and so", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00522-00427428-00428550": "determinate Tomatoes tend to have sort of a more branching to them and you tend to just let them go", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00523-00428730-00429204": "um for indeterminate tomatoes and most of the varieties you're going to see are indeterminate", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00524-00429204-00429834": "they have this thing called Suckers and so you've got your main tomato stem going up", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00525-00429834-00430608": "and then you've got a leaf going off at like 90 degrees okay and then there's there's something", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00526-00430608-00431322": "that starts coming out it's like a bud that comes out at 45 degrees between the two okay and well", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00527-00431322-00431922": "it's and it turns into a stem right you've seen these on tomatoes that thing is called a sucker", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00528-00432012-00432726": "okay if you let that thing develop it'll become a whole new stem", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00529-00432858-00433872": "okay um and and it'll it'll continue and then the leaves will grow off that and and flowers", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00530-00433872-00434310": "will come off that and maybe they'll be even more suckers coming off of that", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00531-00434430-00434982": "um some gardeners believe that you have to just pinch off all those suckers", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00532-00435078-00435984": "okay um you know right when they form just pinch them off others say no just let them develop", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00533-00436110-00436997": "um you know what I've learned I tend to be variety specific so for example Sun gold I showed you a", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00534-00436997-00437874": "sun gold you get a lot of suckers and if you don't pinch some or a lot of those off you're going to", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00535-00437874-00438804": "get this just very very bushy uh plant and it's important that um the plant get enough sunlight", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00536-00438804-00439674": "into it so and it's a fine line because you want enough sunlight getting into it for the fruit", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00537-00439746-00440189": "to grow but you don't want so much that they're going to get sunburned", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00538-00440322-00441293": "um so I tend to kind of leave a few suckers on on my bigger Tomatoes", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00539-00441420-00442188": "um and and and let them sort of fill out a little bit um some people do believe in pruning them back", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00540-00442266-00443118": "uh I don't with most but some like the sun Golds I mean they just keep going and going and going", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00541-00443118-00443724": "and they'll get 12 feet high which is kind of high to harvest so with something like the sun", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00542-00443724-00444354": "Golds I will cut some of the stems off and then it'll of course grow more lateral stems", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00543-00444485-00444893": "um so it's it's very much sort of variety specific I think", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00544-00445032-00445578": "um if it's starting to get Too Tall then just cut it off and let it grow more laterally", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00545-00445704-00446268": "um give it a little bit of of uh bushiness but not too much bushiness", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00546-00446472-00446958": "okay thanks any other questions in the room one another question okay", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00547-00447114-00447366": "on cover crops on cover crops yeah", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00548-00447732-00448085": "yeah cut them off at the ground and leave the roots in is that only cover crops", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00549-00448302-00448943": "or like a tomato plant would you cut that off the ground and leave the room", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00550-00449118-00449646": "can you cut like a tomato plant off at the ground and leave the roots in absolutely you could do but", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00551-00449646-00450222": "you can do it with anything like the roots will just Decay but the thing I want to point out is", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00552-00450222-00450984": "if there's any possibility that that plant harbored a disease then you don't want to do", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00553-00450984-00451860": "that you want to get that plant completely out of there but yet I mean in any plant and so you know", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00554-00451938-00452742": "when I started vegetable gardening I was an assiduous turn turn the soil over kind of guy", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00555-00452742-00453420": "in fact I was doing what they called the double digging technique which is like a lot of digging", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00556-00453420-00454043": "and going deep and stuff like that and then you know there's this whole no-till movement", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00557-00454043-00454692": "that started in in the last 20 years which basically says don't turn the soil over at", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00558-00454692-00455693": "all don't disturb the microorganisms in the soil and I've really come around more to that now so", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00559-00455796-00456347": "um I'm just not going to disturb the roots I'm gonna cut them off right at soil level", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00560-00456347-00457122": "and let them decay in there you're just letting nature be nature is that even true with like", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00561-00457122-00457956": "weeds that you know no no okay not at all yeah okay I have a couple online questions", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00562-00457956-00458604": "now if that's all right Jonathan Beth would like to know the best way to tackle aphids", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00563-00458838-00459912": "um so um I have a one of my beds is close to a plum tree which gets an aphid infestation", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00564-00459912-00461010": "Every Spring and and and so um so the I I put the floating row cover on that so the floating", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00565-00461010-00461766": "row cover will keep out the aphids um if you get aphids on leaves um so obviously lady beetles", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00566-00461766-00462582": "which is the which is the proper term for ladybugs they eat aphids so like if you have lady beetles", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00567-00462582-00463224": "love them and and hopefully they'll eat your aphids you can buy lady beetles at nurseries", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00568-00463224-00463739": "and I've just heard so many stories about people who buy the lady beetles from the nursery they", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00569-00463739-00464393": "come home they open it up the lady beetles fly away never come back so but here's the thing", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00570-00464622-00465450": "um a good solid spray of water works wonders on aphids just you know spray the leaves but on the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00571-00465450-00466092": "underside okay the the aphids are gonna be on the underside of the leaves because that's where they", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00572-00466092-00466860": "get access to um to the nutrients in in the leaf in the water that they're interested in so you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00573-00466860-00467466": "got to spray the underside of them um if you have like a hose spray or a lot of them will", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00574-00467466-00468180": "have like a horizontal spray setting um and you use that and you just you just spray up at the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00575-00468180-00468846": "leaves and if you do that every day every couple of days it'll generally take care of your aphids", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00576-00468954-00469542": "that's great thank you and Steve would like to know what types of fertilizers you recommend", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00577-00469710-00470364": "okay um again you know if you want to get a couple of gardeners arguing you", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00578-00470364-00470814": "can start talking about organic versus inorganic fertilizers", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00579-00470952-00472218": "um so you know so fertilizer there's generally three numbers N nitrogen P phosphorus K potassium", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00580-00472218-00473220": "three main nutrients okay and for an inorganic fertilizer you're gonna like like you know say", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00581-00473316-00473982": "um what is it called um Miracle Grow or something like that um you'll see numbers like", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00582-00474132-00474912": "20 20 20. something like that pretty high numbers um an organic fertilizer", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00583-00474912-00475902": "you're going to get numbers like four four four okay much lower numbers so organic fertilizers", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00584-00476034-00477030": "um they work more slowly inorganic fertilizers basically all those nutrients go straight to the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00585-00477030-00477900": "roots and your plant just like it it's like you're putting your plant on speed okay and that's great", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00586-00477900-00478685": "but then you know a few days later you've lost the benefit of that organic fertilizers it you know", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00587-00478739-00479370": "just as we say water the soil not the plants feed the soil not the plant okay", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00588-00479460-00480078": "so when you're applying fertilizer what you're doing is you're building up nutrients in the soil", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00589-00480078-00480654": "or what you want to do is build up nutrients in the soil rather than going directly to the", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00590-00480654-00481620": "plant so that's why a lot of us will do an organic fertilizer is because it it helps", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00591-00481620-00482160": "build up your soil which is really what you want to do to give yourself healthy vegetables", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00592-00482304-00482964": "um a lot of the organic fertilizers will also have things like mycorrhizal fungi", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00593-00482964-00483576": "in them and and and we'll try to boost some of the microorganisms in the soil", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00594-00483666-00484302": "so I recommend an or organic fertilizer they're you know they're more expensive for sure", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00595-00484404-00484860": "um but I think you'll get better results well thanks we're going to have to wrap it up because", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00596-00484860-00485610": "the library is going to be closing so thank you so much for this this was great um thank you both", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00597-00485610-00486606": "and we we we did send out the PDF if you need and some people have it if you do need to get get that", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00598-00486606-00487620": "and you didn't sign up you can send them mail to volunteer coord at belmont.gov I'm the volunteer", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00599-00487620-00488100": "coordinator a volunteer volunteer coordinator and I'll get you that PDF and here are the other", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00600-00488256-00488688": "if you want to say something um but yeah here are the other", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00601-00488789-00489618": "resources that you can have you have access to yeah I just wanted to um in last minute sure", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00602-00489618-00490272": "this is this is information on the helpline here um and so it's a great it's all free", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00603-00490416-00491214": "um information and and it's a great way to get answers to your gardening questions foreign", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00604-00491406-00492474": "thanks for doing this and taking your time to do this here and ever and all the other", "sDVK3r0-L-A-00605-00492474-00493164": "places you do thank you very much okay thank you guys have a good evening good evening too bye"}}]