[{"audio_id": "bSfDhHnTjtY", "text": {"bSfDhHnTjtY-00000-00002628-00003204": "right here [Music]", "bSfDhHnTjtY-00001-00003204-00003889": "[Music] foreign", "bSfDhHnTjtY-00002-00003889-00004418": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "bSm1s1XSBjg", "text": {"bSm1s1XSBjg-00000-00000567-00001063": "The royal gifts also included a framed picture and Christmas puddings", "bSm1s1XSBjg-00001-00001180-00001676": "They have been discovered in the collection of a royal memorabilia dealer", "bSm1s1XSBjg-00002-00001793-00002310": "Every member of the household staff receives a Christmas gift from the Queen", "bSm1s1XSBjg-00003-00002427-00002992": "The Christmas gifts which the Queen hands out to her staff have been  in a private collection", "bSm1s1XSBjg-00004-00003109-00004346": "The royal presents, given to personal staff such as footmen at Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, include a crystal bowl, salt and pepper set and a frame and photo from the monarch's 80th birthday", "bSm1s1XSBjg-00005-00004463-00005767": "Given out between 2002 and 2015, and inscribed with the cipher EIIR, a set of the presents now belongs to Ian Shapiro, a collector of royal memorabilia, according to the Daily Mirror", "bSm1s1XSBjg-00006-00005884-00006484": "He said the range of gifts from the Queen 'reveals a degree of annual thought and imagination'.", "bSm1s1XSBjg-00007-00006602-00007784": "The presents also included a blue enamel box from 2002, decorated with the royal coat of arms, while in 2011 the Queen handed out a silver-plated salt and pepper set.", "bSm1s1XSBjg-00008-00007901-00008776": "Her Majesty has also thanked her staff with a Christmas pudding from Fortnum and Mason, some cufflinks and a royal-themed alarm clock.", "bSm1s1XSBjg-00009-00008893-00009936": "According to palace officials the Queen provides gifts for all the royal household staff, with some of them handed out personally at Buckingham Palace or Windsor Castle", "bSm1s1XSBjg-00010-00010053-00011458": "The tradition of handing out Christmas puddings goes back to her father, King George VI, and grandfather, King George V, with each pudding accompanied by a greetings card, according to the Royal Family website", "bSm1s1XSBjg-00011-00011575-00012347": "The royals themselves exchange presents on Christmas Eve, laying presents out on trestle tables and opening them at teatime", "bSm1s1XSBjg-00012-00012464-00013387": "The Queen and Prince Philip also send around 750 Christmas cards, to household staff as well as Commonwealth Prime Ministers."}}, {"audio_id": "bSOqfaHinG0", "text": {"bSOqfaHinG0-00000-00000000-00000285": "[music]", "bSOqfaHinG0-00001-00000306-00000982": "Senator Omidvar: We are going to resume with our third and final panel for the day.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00002-00000982-00001860": "We welcome, in person, Mr. David Lepofsky, Chair of the Accessibility for Ontarians with", "bSOqfaHinG0-00003-00001860-00002118": "Disabilities Act Alliance.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00004-00002118-00002489": "Mr. Lepofsky, the floor is yours –  your five minutes.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00005-00002489-00002838": "David Lepofsky: Thank you.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00006-00002838-00003514": "The core question before you is whether to pass amendments that, I think, all agrees", "bSOqfaHinG0-00007-00003514-00003882": "would improve this bill.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00008-00003882-00004682": "We say “please do,” and even more so, please, senators, move the amendments so they", "bSOqfaHinG0-00009-00004682-00005159": "can be debated and voted on at this table.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00010-00005159-00005623": "We have heard suggestions to trust the government.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00011-00005623-00006055": "We say “trust but verify.”", "bSOqfaHinG0-00012-00006055-00006326": "Our amendments would.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00013-00006326-00006837": "I will use my time to explain why you should amend.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00014-00006837-00007359": "Ask me questions; I’ll explain how to do it.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00015-00007359-00008072": "First, we know the minister is open to amendments.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00016-00008072-00008868": "She said she was open to them as long as they are consistent with this as framework legislation.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00017-00008868-00009504": "Our amendments are consistent with this as framework legislation.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00018-00009504-00010354": "Next, the Senate would be very reluctant to controvert or overturn a government policy.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00019-00010354-00010647": "We’re not asking you to do that.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00020-00010647-00011035": "We’re asking you to make that policy work.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00021-00011035-00011702": "Making your life easier, if you look back at what you have heard over these hearings.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00022-00011702-00012527": "The content of the amendments we’re seeking are not the subject of any dispute.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00023-00012527-00013119": "No one is before you saying, oh please, make people with disabilities prove their disability", "bSOqfaHinG0-00024-00013119-00013559": "a second time – if they have qualified for provincial benefits, make them", "bSOqfaHinG0-00025-00013559-00013708": "go to a doctor again.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00026-00013708-00013911": "No one is saying that.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00027-00013911-00014238": "Everyone is saying the opposite.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00028-00014238-00015312": "Our amendments would achieve objectives that I believe everybody agrees on — or policy goals", "bSOqfaHinG0-00029-00015312-00015572": "— or no one has disputed.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00030-00015572-00016423": "In fact, if what we are seeking had been amended- included in the bill from day one or added", "bSOqfaHinG0-00031-00016423-00016573": "in the House,", "bSOqfaHinG0-00032-00016573-00017506": "I don’t think one single presenter to you would have said, \"Please, take it out.\"", "bSOqfaHinG0-00033-00017506-00017970": "So you don’t have to worry about, gee, are you wading into a policy debate.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00034-00017970-00018329": "The only issue you’re worried about is, people,", "bSOqfaHinG0-00035-00018329-00018756": "some who have said, please if you amend it,", "bSOqfaHinG0-00036-00018756-00019123": "that could slow or hurt the benefit.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00037-00019123-00019753": "We say that our amendments will speed up and strengthen the benefit.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00038-00019753-00020268": "Some of those who have said, please don’t do it, please don’t amend, have suggested", "bSOqfaHinG0-00039-00020268-00020612": "that this can be addressed in the regulations.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00040-00020612-00020917": "You have heard from qualified lawyers backed by,", "bSOqfaHinG0-00041-00020917-00021265": "in some cases, the trial lawyers' associations", "bSOqfaHinG0-00042-00021265-00021425": "from across the country.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00043-00021425-00021978": "You can’t fix all these problems by regulations", "bSOqfaHinG0-00044-00021978-00022601": "and those that might be addressed in regulations don’t provide guarantees because they're", "bSOqfaHinG0-00045-00022601-00023215": "only as trustworthy as the life span of the government that enacts them.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00046-00023215-00023834": "So, the question, leave it to the regulations is equivalent to", "bSOqfaHinG0-00047-00023834-00024476": "saying, believing what is, in fact, a legal misconception.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00048-00024476-00024911": "And when you- the next reason I want to stress to you", "bSOqfaHinG0-00049-00024911-00025203": "is the overwhelming feedback you have gotten", "bSOqfaHinG0-00050-00025203-00025489": "from lawyers, whether it’s all those trial lawyers'", "bSOqfaHinG0-00051-00025489-00025819": "associations regarding insurance clawbacks", "bSOqfaHinG0-00052-00025819-00026775": "or it’s the submissions of the Income Security Advocacy Centre backed by 48 legal clinics –", "bSOqfaHinG0-00053-00026775-00027381": "these are people with hands-on experience seeking redress for people with disabilities.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00054-00027381-00027644": "And they say, \"We need these amendments\", and", "bSOqfaHinG0-00055-00027644-00027928": "the only lawyer who has come before you expressing", "bSOqfaHinG0-00056-00027928-00028363": "the view – don't make amendments – didn’t contradict any of their opinions,", "bSOqfaHinG0-00057-00028363-00028835": "prove them or wrong or assert a single argument proving them wrong.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00058-00028835-00029489": "The last thing I want to say, because I know my time is tight, is... you want to trust?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00059-00029489-00030248": "I say, trust that if you make the limited, high-impact, low, least intrusive amendments", "bSOqfaHinG0-00060-00030248-00030766": "we're proposing, my prediction is, people are going to say thank you.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00061-00030766-00030938": "How do I know that?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00062-00030938-00031258": "First, four years ago, some of us came before you –", "bSOqfaHinG0-00063-00031258-00031476": "this very committee, and said, \"Please make", "bSOqfaHinG0-00064-00031476-00031762": "amendments to the Accessible Canada Act.\"", "bSOqfaHinG0-00065-00031762-00032141": "Now the government got a number of groups, like this time around, to come and say,", "bSOqfaHinG0-00066-00032141-00032529": "please don’t amend it at all, we’re afraid we're gonna lose the bill, just pass it as-is.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00067-00032529-00032856": "Now this committee wisely heard their concerns –", "bSOqfaHinG0-00068-00032856-00033001": "made amendments.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00069-00033001-00033528": "Not only did those get passed by the house, but the groups who came here to say don’t", "bSOqfaHinG0-00070-00033528-00034051": "amend it turned around and asked the House of Commons to ratify those amendments.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00071-00034051-00034278": "And not only that, but the minister who had previously", "bSOqfaHinG0-00072-00034278-00034547": "opposed those amendments came to you a month ago", "bSOqfaHinG0-00073-00034547-00035003": "and said you did a fabulous job making those amendments.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00074-00035003-00035103": "Everybody said thank you.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00075-00035103-00035237": "They're gonna do it again.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00076-00035237-00035543": "In the House – last thing I wanna say – my time's almost up,", "bSOqfaHinG0-00077-00035543-00035806": "In the House of Commons at the HUMA committee, some of", "bSOqfaHinG0-00078-00035806-00036153": "those same groups went to the HUMA committee and said,", "bSOqfaHinG0-00079-00036153-00036490": "don’t make any amendments.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00080-00036490-00036975": "And a number of us pressed forward and said, please do.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00081-00036975-00037075": "And guess what?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00082-00037075-00037468": "HUMA made those amendments — some of them, not enough, nowhere near enough –", "bSOqfaHinG0-00083-00037468-00037969": "but those same groups that told the House, don't make any amendments, have come to you", "bSOqfaHinG0-00084-00037969-00038448": "and have said – those amendments that were made in HUMA, they're good.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00085-00038448-00038662": "In fact, the government even said that.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00086-00038662-00039187": "Now, I'm not saying they are disingenuous, I’m saying, trust me, we'll thank you", "bSOqfaHinG0-00087-00039187-00039290": "if you do it again.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00088-00039290-00039751": "Senator Omidvar: Colleagues, we will go to a round of questions.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00089-00039751-00040009": "Four minutes each is the limit.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00090-00040009-00040242": "Let’s see how we do.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00091-00040242-00040902": "May I ask you, please, to identify yourself by name to your witnesses before asking your", "bSOqfaHinG0-00092-00040902-00041002": "questions?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00093-00041002-00041334": "We will start with the deputy chair of the committee, Senator Pat Bovey.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00094-00041334-00041884": "Senator Bovey: Thank you to both our witnesses.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00095-00041884-00042352": "Mr. Prince, I want to thank you for your discussion about claw backs.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00096-00042352-00042570": "That’s very helpful.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00097-00042570-00043088": "I want to put on the record that Manitoba is now working on an accessibility act and", "bSOqfaHinG0-00098-00043088-00043697": "I have been warned by some of my friends in the disability community that they are concerned", "bSOqfaHinG0-00099-00043697-00044341": "and are waiting to see what happens with this before they finalize their legislation, so", "bSOqfaHinG0-00100-00044341-00044486": "we’ll see what happens.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00101-00044486-00044978": "Mr. Lepofsky, I want to thank you for the material you’ve been sending us over the", "bSOqfaHinG0-00102-00044978-00045078": "last while.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00103-00045078-00045387": "It has been very helpful.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00104-00045387-00045944": "My question to both of you is now very simple.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00105-00045944-00047343": "I would like your thoughts on how the accessibility to the amount should be defined when we have", "bSOqfaHinG0-00106-00047343-00047746": "different economic situations in each province across the country.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00107-00047746-00048065": "If you can give me your thoughts on that, that would be very  helpful.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00108-00048065-00048318": "Mr. Lepofsky: Michael, do you wanna go first, or would you like me to go first?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00109-00048527-00048656": "Dr. Prince: Go ahead, David.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00110-00048686-00049221": "Mr. Lepofsky: OK, we have a specific proposal.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00111-00049221-00049903": "We would support the one that Mr. Calder had proposed in the last hour and Senator Lankin", "bSOqfaHinG0-00112-00049903-00050465": "said there is a legal opinion that the wording change that he proposed would not be any different", "bSOqfaHinG0-00113-00050465-00050813": "than what is in section 11(1.1).", "bSOqfaHinG0-00114-00050813-00051216": "I respectfully don’t agree.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00115-00051216-00051454": "His wording would strengthen it.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00116-00051454-00051922": "However, if that wording either doesn’t make a difference or, alternatively, would", "bSOqfaHinG0-00117-00051922-00052732": "be stronger than the government would find acceptable, we have offered you two proposals.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00118-00052732-00052977": "We urge you to pass both.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00119-00052977-00053672": "Responsive to what you heard here, number one, our recommendation 5.1, where the provision", "bSOqfaHinG0-00120-00053672-00054297": "now says, “the cabinet, in setting the amount should consider the poverty line” we say", "bSOqfaHinG0-00121-00054297-00054605": "add three things.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00122-00054605-00055283": "They should also have to take into consideration the additional costs of living with a disability –", "bSOqfaHinG0-00123-00055283-00055996": "you have heard about that — they should have to take into account the intersectional", "bSOqfaHinG0-00124-00055996-00056852": "needs of disadvantaged individuals and groups, and Canada’s international obligations.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00125-00056852-00057479": "We also say that the minister and all future ministers, when setting an amount or adjusting", "bSOqfaHinG0-00126-00057479-00058137": "it, should be required to report to both houses of Parliament on whether they have achieved", "bSOqfaHinG0-00127-00058137-00058742": "the poverty line or superceded it,  and if not, to give reasons.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00128-00058742-00058857": "Trust but verify.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00129-00058857-00058970": "Chair: Senator Seidman.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00130-00058970-00059561": "Senator Seidman: Mr. Lepofsky, thank you for your enormous contribution to the rights of", "bSOqfaHinG0-00131-00059561-00060162": "the disability community over the years and your activism, which is truly appreciated", "bSOqfaHinG0-00132-00060162-00060286": "by us as legislators.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00133-00060286-00061150": "Mr. Lepofsky, in your presentation to us — that would be from, of course, Accessibility for", "bSOqfaHinG0-00134-00061150-00062111": "Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance — you referred to amendments to the provincial-territorial", "bSOqfaHinG0-00135-00062111-00062654": "clawbacks around insurance.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00136-00062654-00063364": "You also referred to federal government clawbacks, which is something that we really haven’t", "bSOqfaHinG0-00137-00063364-00063532": "talked a lot about.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00138-00063532-00064236": "You said the federal government should set an example.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00139-00064236-00064716": "When the minister was here on March 22 — I would like to read this into the record because", "bSOqfaHinG0-00140-00064716-00064854": "I think it’s really important.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00141-00064854-00065848": "In fact, I asked her your very question about clawbacks in the provinces.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00142-00065848-00066177": "The question was: Is the federal government prepared to allow", "bSOqfaHinG0-00143-00066177-00066561": "the Canada disability benefit to be paid to people with disabilities in a province or", "bSOqfaHinG0-00144-00066561-00067022": "territory that has signed an agreement with the federal government even if other provinces", "bSOqfaHinG0-00145-00067022-00067370": "or territories have not signed a no-clawback agreement?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00146-00067370-00068126": "Her reply to that question was: First of all, this will be a direct monthly", "bSOqfaHinG0-00147-00068126-00068304": "payment to individuals.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00148-00068304-00068769": "That will happen regardless whether there exists an MOU in their province or territory", "bSOqfaHinG0-00149-00068769-00068869": "or not.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00150-00068869-00069390": "In fact, ideally, those agreements would predate the first payment.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00151-00069390-00069795": "There is no world where somebody wouldn’t get paid because we have not made an agreement", "bSOqfaHinG0-00152-00069795-00069938": "with their province or territory.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00153-00069938-00070427": "I don’t want that to happen because I don’t want the impact of that payment to be that", "bSOqfaHinG0-00154-00070427-00070862": "it gets offset or clawed back, but everyone can be assured that there will be no holding", "bSOqfaHinG0-00155-00070862-00071610": "hostage of any single recipient as we negotiate these agreements with provinces and territories", "bSOqfaHinG0-00156-00071610-00071727": "— absolutely, 100%.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00157-00071727-00072342": "I would like to know what you say about this.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00158-00072342-00073085": "Mr. Lepofsky: I say respectfully that the minister’s answer doesn’t solve the problem.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00159-00073085-00073673": "Here is the problem: Either this benefit will start flowing in a province as soon as the", "bSOqfaHinG0-00160-00073673-00074788": "premier signs but in no other province, or this benefit doesn’t start flowing until", "bSOqfaHinG0-00161-00074788-00075464": "all 10 premiers and all territories sign, which could be a long time off.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00162-00075464-00075962": "Now, with the child care benefit, the government took a decision that it would start flowing", "bSOqfaHinG0-00163-00075962-00076251": "in a province as soon as they signed.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00164-00076251-00077094": "We propose that as the solution here, and that’s what our first recommendation is.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00165-00077094-00077507": "Once they sign, within six months, the money should flow.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00166-00077507-00078150": "But we don’t want to tie the federal government’s hands if they want to go on and pay in a province", "bSOqfaHinG0-00167-00078150-00078320": "that has not signed.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00168-00078320-00078610": "We have revised that recommendation.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00169-00078610-00079239": "You’ll see the second paragraph of our recommendation number one says that the federal government", "bSOqfaHinG0-00170-00079239-00079610": "will remain free to do exactly what the minister said in that quote.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00171-00079610-00079926": "Here is the problem, and with this I conclude.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00172-00079926-00080411": "The problem is that the minister and the government  — I’m not focusing particularly on this", "bSOqfaHinG0-00173-00080411-00080639": "minister -- have a conundrum.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00174-00080639-00081205": "The minister has commendably said last fall that she has a red line and that they will", "bSOqfaHinG0-00175-00081205-00081480": "not allow any clawbacks.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00176-00081480-00082093": "In a province that has not committed to, signed, that there will be no clawbacks, then paying", "bSOqfaHinG0-00177-00082093-00082598": "the money in that province could cross that red line.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00178-00082598-00082698": "So what do you do?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00179-00082698-00083138": "Do you either not pay it in that province, or do you hold up the rest of the country?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00180-00083138-00083598": "We say get the money to the most people with disabilities the quickest you can.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00181-00083598-00084123": "If a province is ready to sign, get the money flowing there.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00182-00084123-00084867": "Give the minister the freedom to pay elsewhere, if they wish, but let the pressure be on the", "bSOqfaHinG0-00183-00084867-00085506": "other premiers to sign, and your citizens and residents will be entitled to get the", "bSOqfaHinG0-00184-00085506-00085875": "money too.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00185-00085875-00086825": "Senator Osler: Can you please elaborate or provide further commentary on deterrents to", "bSOqfaHinG0-00186-00086825-00087256": "or prohibitions on private insurance deductions or set-offs?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00187-00087256-00087827": "Mr. Lepofsky: Let me offer you four lightning-fast points.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00188-00087827-00088620": "First, on March 22, the minister conceded that this is a problem, and she agreed that", "bSOqfaHinG0-00189-00088620-00089233": "there should not be any insurance companies clawing back, for their profits, the money", "bSOqfaHinG0-00190-00089233-00089512": "meant for poor people with disabilities.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00191-00089512-00089676": "Good on her.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00192-00089676-00090194": "Second, she said we could address this by a memorandum of understanding.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00193-00090194-00090786": "As Mr. Schwartz explained last hour — and I agree with his constitutional opinion, not", "bSOqfaHinG0-00194-00090786-00091240": "just because we’re buddies but because we both worked in the same Constitutional Law", "bSOqfaHinG0-00195-00091240-00091340": "Branch.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00196-00091340-00091873": "It is part of my sordid past.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00197-00091873-00092605": "The fact is that if a person with a disability finds their private insurance company is clawing", "bSOqfaHinG0-00198-00092605-00093010": "it back, they can’t go and declare that there is a memorandum of understanding between", "bSOqfaHinG0-00199-00093010-00093110": "the federal government.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00200-00093110-00093217": "The response would be, “Thank you very much.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00201-00093217-00093339": "We’re clawing it back.”", "bSOqfaHinG0-00202-00093339-00093708": "If you go to court, similarly, it’s no answer.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00203-00093708-00094317": "The only answer is a federal amendment that will guarantee this.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00204-00094317-00094867": "Third, the minister said that we could just call it a social benefit, echoing what the", "bSOqfaHinG0-00205-00094867-00095005": "insurance industry said.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00206-00095005-00095469": "However, as Mr. Muller — and you can’t find a better expert — full confession:", "bSOqfaHinG0-00207-00095469-00095956": "He’s also a buddy, but we didn’t work in the same office — Mr. Muller who is the", "bSOqfaHinG0-00208-00095956-00096248": "guy who figured out this problem and brought it to everybody.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00209-00096248-00096970": "As he put it, there are major insurance contracts for which, the way they’re worded, calling", "bSOqfaHinG0-00210-00096970-00097449": "it a social benefit does not protect the insured from clawbacks.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00211-00097449-00098044": "Finally, a question was put to my friends before: Could there be a court challenge?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00212-00098044-00098247": "Folks, I was in the law business.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00213-00098247-00098452": "There can always be a court challenge.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00214-00098452-00099060": "However, I would hate to be the one arguing that, and I would love to be the one in court", "bSOqfaHinG0-00215-00099060-00099683": "explaining to a judge that diverting money from poor people with disabilities into the", "bSOqfaHinG0-00216-00099683-00100657": "profits of rich people with insurance stocks is  something the federal government just can’t prevent.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00217-00100674-00100849": "I mean, good luck.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00218-00100849-00101239": "The Chair: Thank you very much.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00219-00101239-00101339": "Senator Osler?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00220-00101339-00101698": "Senator Osler: I’ll cede the rest of my time to the committee.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00221-00101698-00101798": "The Chair: Thank you.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00222-00101798-00101944": "Senator Petitclerc.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00223-00101944-00102933": "Senator Petitclerc: Thank you, witnesses, for being here and for the value of your comments.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00224-00102933-00103332": "It’s very helpful in our study.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00225-00103332-00104003": "My first question will be to you, Mr. Lepofsky.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00226-00104003-00104719": "It is a simple question, but I’m sure you have  something to say about it, I have no doubt.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00227-00104719-00105004": "Mr. Lepofsky: I will make it complicated.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00228-00105004-00105964": "Senator Petitclerc: We have had many, many witnesses – it doesn’t sit well with me", "bSOqfaHinG0-00229-00105964-00106828": "– including the minister and the sponsor of the bill, talking about how this bill has", "bSOqfaHinG0-00230-00106828-00107483": "a potential — potential, potential — to lift persons with disabilities out of poverty.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00231-00107483-00108058": "This “potential” component doesn’t sit well with me.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00232-00108058-00108823": "How can we ensure that this bill has more than a “potential”?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00233-00108823-00109411": "Are the proposals that we have in front of us and that we spoke about earlier with Mr.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00234-00109411-00110271": "Muller, for example — are those proposals that would move this bill to be from potential", "bSOqfaHinG0-00235-00110271-00110955": "to a little more of a certainty or an assurance to lift persons out of poverty?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00236-00110955-00111719": "Mr. Lepofsky: When Senator Dasko asked one of the bill’s strongest defenders if, just", "bSOqfaHinG0-00237-00111719-00112229": "passed as is, how many people will this lift out of poverty, the answer was basically,", "bSOqfaHinG0-00238-00112229-00112528": "“We hope it will, and we’ll fight for it.”", "bSOqfaHinG0-00239-00112528-00113263": "I commend that viewpoint, but I respectfully suggest we have to do more than just hope.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00240-00113263-00113792": "We don’t just hope about this minister who is so dedicated but about every other minister", "bSOqfaHinG0-00241-00113792-00114155": "for all time.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00242-00114155-00114503": "Laws are passed to try to do better than that.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00243-00114503-00115219": "For example, here is how you can breathe some more hope or some more potentiality into it.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00244-00115219-00115615": "Everything depends upon the regulations, but there is no deadline for the regulations to", "bSOqfaHinG0-00245-00115615-00115715": "be made.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00246-00115715-00116225": "The minister said six months ago that she needs a year, and they don’t have to wait", "bSOqfaHinG0-00247-00116225-00116333": "until the bill is passed.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00248-00116333-00116523": "They’re doing policy work now.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00249-00116523-00117055": "The end drafting has to wait until the bill is passed, but that takes a couple of weeks,", "bSOqfaHinG0-00250-00117055-00117407": "once they know exactly what they want it to say.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00251-00117407-00117791": "She said that half a year ago.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00252-00117791-00118313": "We said back then to pass an amendment and please set it for 10 months.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00253-00118313-00118629": "It’s now been six months.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00254-00118629-00118898": "We’re still asking for 10 months.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00255-00118898-00119101": "So set it for a year — whatever.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00256-00119101-00119251": "Set a deadline.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00257-00119251-00119716": "You’ll recall, senator, that there were no timelines in the Accessible Canada Act.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00258-00119716-00120296": "If memory serves, you folks imposed one; we asked for it.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00259-00120296-00120694": "That makes a huge difference.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00260-00120694-00121047": "The last thing I’ll say about that is that as you’re trying to square the circle between", "bSOqfaHinG0-00261-00121047-00121499": "some groups saying not to amend and others saying to do so, you folks got a letter from", "bSOqfaHinG0-00262-00121499-00122006": "a bunch of organizations that said not to amend it because the amendments in the House", "bSOqfaHinG0-00263-00122006-00122106": "were good enough.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00264-00122106-00122716": "We didn’t sign that letter, by the way, but that letter specifically said that the", "bSOqfaHinG0-00265-00122716-00123241": "amendments in the House were good enough, among other things, because they set reasonable", "bSOqfaHinG0-00266-00123241-00123603": "timelines for regulations to be enacted.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00267-00123603-00123992": "Folks, read the bill, read it again and read it a third time.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00268-00123992-00124266": "Respectfully, the bill doesn’t say that.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00269-00124266-00124567": "You could make it say that.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00270-00124567-00124996": "The Chair: Senator Lankin.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00271-00124996-00125316": "Senator Lankin: Sorry.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00272-00125316-00125416": "Thank you very much.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00273-00125416-00126178": "First of all, I just want to say to the committee that Mr. Lepofsky’s comments about the existence", "bSOqfaHinG0-00274-00126178-00126833": "of case law that supports — there is a difference between the words “compatibility” and", "bSOqfaHinG0-00275-00126833-00127170": "“consistency with” or “taken into consideration.”", "bSOqfaHinG0-00276-00127170-00127570": "That question I put to Mr. Calderhead, and he is going to be replying to us.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00277-00127570-00127917": "He says there are federal precedents, unlike what the law clerk has said.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00278-00127917-00128345": "So we will receive that and can take a look at it at that point in time.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00279-00128345-00128954": "Second, I was tempted to say to Mr. Lepofsky, with the passion with which he presents his", "bSOqfaHinG0-00280-00128954-00129294": "information, to please tell us what you really think.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00281-00129294-00129627": "I want you to put yourself in my place for a moment.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00282-00129627-00130192": "Back in the days of being a provincial cabinet minister, Mr. Lepofsky was one of the key", "bSOqfaHinG0-00283-00130192-00130582": "internal legal advisers in government.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00284-00130582-00130757": "I always found him very intimidating.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00285-00130757-00130986": "I don’t anymore, David; it’s okay.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00286-00130986-00131273": "I can debate with you now.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00287-00131273-00131928": "I want to come to clause 11 setting out some of the things that must either be compatible", "bSOqfaHinG0-00288-00131928-00132269": "with or in consideration of, whichever wording we end up with.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00289-00132269-00132514": "There is the poverty line and its definition.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00290-00132514-00132863": "There are costs associated with living with a disability.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00291-00132863-00133313": "There are intersectional needs and human rights obligations.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00292-00133313-00133994": "I’ve asked you this directly and, Dr. Prince, I’d appreciate your comments on this well.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00293-00133994-00134770": "It’s very confusing to look at the patchwork of supports across the country, but with respect", "bSOqfaHinG0-00294-00134770-00135521": "to the additional costs of living with a disability, I think there in every province or territory,", "bSOqfaHinG0-00295-00135521-00136280": "to differing degrees of adequacy, assisted devices programs.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00296-00136280-00136706": "At the federal level, there is — and there is some comparability at some provincial and", "bSOqfaHinG0-00297-00136706-00137128": "territorial levels — a disability tax credit.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00298-00137128-00137952": "We know that things like CPP disability are first-payer as opposed to supplemental, so", "bSOqfaHinG0-00299-00137952-00138226": "we don’t get any additional benefit through that.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00300-00138226-00138766": "However, there are a myriad of other ways in which this has been addressed — and again,", "bSOqfaHinG0-00301-00138766-00139126": "I’m not talking about the adequacy of how it has been addressed — and to come up with", "bSOqfaHinG0-00302-00139126-00139666": "an average, as Dr. Prince has talked about, is a difficult concept when you think about", "bSOqfaHinG0-00303-00139666-00140572": "how very different disabilities are and what different persons with disabilities need.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00304-00140572-00140994": "I’m very open to and very supportive of trying to do the right thing here.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00305-00140994-00141630": "I’m just conscious that we might have a number of efforts that lead to duplication.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00306-00141630-00142347": "Mr. Lepofsky, could you shoot me down on that one, as you have before?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00307-00142347-00142712": "Dr. Prince, could you comment on it as well?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00308-00142712-00143353": "Mr. Lepofsky: Briefly, calculating costs of disability is a complicated thing.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00309-00143353-00143922": "We’ve totally avoided that by simply saying that it’s a factor that cabinet must take", "bSOqfaHinG0-00310-00143922-00144049": "into consideration.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00311-00144049-00144508": "We’ve tried to come up with wording that this committee could pass and that we would", "bSOqfaHinG0-00312-00144508-00145185": "have a really great case for in the House for getting approved, because it doesn’t", "bSOqfaHinG0-00313-00145185-00145776": "enmesh us in those complexities; it simply asks for cabinet to take it into account,", "bSOqfaHinG0-00314-00145776-00146311": "without tying their hands on how they were going to do it.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00315-00146311-00146854": "Chair: Senator Arnot followed by Senator Bernard.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00316-00146854-00147264": "Senator Arnot: My question is for Mr. Lepofsky.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00317-00147264-00147436": "Mr. Lepofsky, my name is David Arnot.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00318-00147436-00147602": "I’m a senator from Saskatchewan.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00319-00147602-00148228": "We met with Minister Qualtrough in 2017 on some of these very issues.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00320-00148228-00148978": "I say that just to say this: You’ve been unequivocal and unambiguous about making this", "bSOqfaHinG0-00321-00148978-00149747": "legislation as strong as possible and doing it now and leave the least that you possibly", "bSOqfaHinG0-00322-00149747-00150014": "can to regulation, as I understand it.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00323-00150014-00150644": "You’re in complete concert with the recommendation we heard in the last panel of making an amendment", "bSOqfaHinG0-00324-00150644-00151404": "to the act that ensures that a time limit is set to create these regulations in 10 months.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00325-00151404-00152094": "Are you comfortable with the access that civil society has to be able to have in the kind", "bSOqfaHinG0-00326-00152094-00152861": "of input you want in the design of the benefits, particularly your organization?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00327-00152861-00153648": "Is there any issue that has not been raised by the committee thus far that you want to", "bSOqfaHinG0-00328-00153648-00153967": "amplify for the committee today?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00329-00153967-00154809": "What can the committee do to ensure that civil society has the kind of input it requires", "bSOqfaHinG0-00330-00154809-00155004": "in the design of the benefits?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00331-00155004-00155296": "Mr. Lepofsky: Let me answer both of your questions.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00332-00155296-00155997": "First, I think the minister is quite sincere that  she wants to push an open consultative process.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00333-00155997-00156609": "I think some people have used the term “co-creation” to mean literally taking the pen and writing", "bSOqfaHinG0-00334-00156609-00156919": "it or sitting together in the room where the decisions are made.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00335-00156919-00157133": "That’s never going to happen.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00336-00157133-00157413": "Cabinet doesn’t invite people in.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00337-00157413-00157778": "I think there are groups that are quite excited about being included, and I think that’s", "bSOqfaHinG0-00338-00157778-00157878": "great too.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00339-00157878-00158386": "I think they are sincere all around, but here is the real world: I’ve been involved both", "bSOqfaHinG0-00340-00158386-00158717": "as a government lawyer on the inside and, most importantly, as a disability advocate", "bSOqfaHinG0-00341-00158717-00158817": "on the outside.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00342-00158817-00159484": "It is brutally difficult to have much impact on regulations, even with those commitments.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00343-00159484-00159853": "With the Accessible Canada Act, we had great commitments on how much impact we were going", "bSOqfaHinG0-00344-00159853-00160314": "to have on the shape of regulation setting accessibility standards.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00345-00160314-00161188": "Around the same time, the Canadian Transportation Agency wrote new accessible air travel regulations.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00346-00161188-00161832": "Folks, they read in no small part like they were written by the airlines, and they hurt", "bSOqfaHinG0-00347-00161832-00161955": "us in some ways.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00348-00161955-00162145": "It’s really upsetting.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00349-00162145-00162798": "I’m not in any way questioning the minister’s dedication or her sincerity.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00350-00162798-00163475": "I’m saying that even achieving what she and these other groups want is brutally uphill.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00351-00163475-00163791": "As for things you haven’t asked, there is only one more I am going to give you.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00352-00163791-00164185": "You have a bunch on the table, but you and we have heard from people who say that disability", "bSOqfaHinG0-00353-00164185-00164425": "and poverty don’t end at 65.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00354-00164425-00164636": "Some want the working age limit taken off.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00355-00164636-00165299": "I know the government is not going to go that far, so we’ve offered a modest definitional", "bSOqfaHinG0-00356-00165299-00165688": "suggestion to you, which is the access working age.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00357-00165688-00165810": "It doesn’t define it.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00358-00165810-00166352": "Why don’t you pass an amendment that says that working age means 70 or such higher date", "bSOqfaHinG0-00359-00166352-00166553": "that cabinet says.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00360-00166553-00167115": "At least it is a bit of a down payment — to mix metaphors — for some seniors that we", "bSOqfaHinG0-00361-00167115-00167765": "recognize that disability poverty doesn’t end at 65 without eliminating in any way the", "bSOqfaHinG0-00362-00167765-00168328": "working-age cap that the government is committed to at the core of this legislation.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00363-00168328-00168924": "Senator Arnot: I think the working age for senators is 75.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00364-00168924-00169294": "Maybe you should — Mr. Lepofsky: I could make any number of arguments", "bSOqfaHinG0-00365-00169294-00169403": "of it being higher.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00366-00169403-00170064": "There is no magic in 70, but we wanted something that was a modest increase over 65 to break", "bSOqfaHinG0-00367-00170064-00170321": "the 65 sound barrier.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00368-00170321-00170558": "Senator Arnot: Thank you for your advocacy.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00369-00170558-00170732": "David Lepofsky: Thanks.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00370-00170732-00170854": "Chair: Thank you Senator Arnot.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00371-00170854-00171212": "Senator Bernard followed by Senator Burey.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00372-00171212-00171564": "Senator Bernard: Thank you to both of our witnesses.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00373-00171564-00172123": "I want to add my voice to thank you for your many decades of advocacy in this space.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00374-00172123-00172247": "It’s important.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00375-00172247-00172577": "I have one question for Mr. Lepofsky.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00376-00172577-00173476": "One of the amendments that you are proposing talks about intersectionality.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00377-00173476-00173969": "For the record, could you tell this committee why you think that’s important?", "bSOqfaHinG0-00378-00173969-00174790": "Mr. Lepofsky: In crafting these recommendations, we revised and added that after we read all", "bSOqfaHinG0-00379-00174790-00175048": "of what was in the hearings.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00380-00175048-00175428": "Senator, you and some of your colleagues have raised that with witnesses who didn’t talk", "bSOqfaHinG0-00381-00175428-00175558": "about it.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00382-00175558-00176180": "A number of groups came before you who raised these issues, who brought it up on their initiation.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00383-00176180-00176691": "We struggled with how to put this in within the framework of this bill.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00384-00176691-00177158": "If we had longer time and the bill wasn’t at this stage, there might be other things", "bSOqfaHinG0-00385-00177158-00178045": "we might consider adding, but to me and to us, at the very least, we need it in there.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00386-00178045-00178480": "The only thing you might want to do, if you want to even go beyond our wording, is to", "bSOqfaHinG0-00387-00178480-00179280": "say in 5.1 we say what the government must take into consideration when setting the amount.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00388-00179280-00180119": "In our 5.2, the report that the minister must make, you might add to what we’ve written", "bSOqfaHinG0-00389-00180119-00180638": "that the minister should report not only on whether the government has met the poverty", "bSOqfaHinG0-00390-00180638-00181225": "line — and if not, what reasons — but also ask how the other factors of the added", "bSOqfaHinG0-00391-00181225-00181651": "cost of disability and intersectionality we’re listing are being addressed.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00392-00181651-00181851": "Again, trust, but verify.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00393-00181851-00182380": "That’s beyond what we wrote, but as I’m talking to you, I think it would do more to", "bSOqfaHinG0-00394-00182380-00182615": "focus on the objective you’re talking about.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00395-00182615-00182852": "Senator Bernard: Thank you very much.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00396-00182852-00183003": "Chair: Senator Burey.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00397-00183003-00183552": "Senator Burey: Thank you, Mr. Lepofsky and Dr. Prince.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00398-00183552-00184112": "I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Lepofsky yesterday.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00399-00184112-00184754": "Thank you for that engagement and also for your long service to the disability community.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00400-00184754-00184945": "The Chair: Thank you.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00401-00184945-00185776": "I have a bit of time for my question to both of you, but let me start by thanking David", "bSOqfaHinG0-00402-00185776-00186553": "Lepofsky for keeping us so well informed throughout the process of the study and, of course, for", "bSOqfaHinG0-00403-00186553-00187516": "all your advocacy on behalf of the people of Canada, in particular the disability community.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00404-00187516-00188023": "My question is about doing it now versus doing it right.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00405-00188023-00188659": "I recall testimony from the disability rights community, who came before this committee", "bSOqfaHinG0-00406-00188659-00189566": "earlier and informed us that it was critically important to get financial aid to disabled", "bSOqfaHinG0-00407-00189566-00190299": "people and that they were, in fact, already working as civil society groups across the", "bSOqfaHinG0-00408-00190299-00191230": "country in negotiating and setting the stage for negotiations between the federal and governments.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00409-00191230-00191976": "I would like to know your response to that strategy is, and to that statement.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00410-00191976-00192449": "Mr. Lepofsky: The fact is that we want to speed it up too.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00411-00192449-00192676": "That’s not a disagreement.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00412-00192676-00193135": "The fact is that this bill has got to be amended at a technical level anyway because section", "bSOqfaHinG0-00413-00193135-00193477": "14 got messed up by the standing committee in the house.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00414-00193477-00193937": "I know this because I saw it happen, and I emailed the government, the minister’s office", "bSOqfaHinG0-00415-00193937-00194408": "and the parliamentary secretary like five minutes after it happened telling them to", "bSOqfaHinG0-00416-00194408-00194573": "fix it, and they didn’t.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00417-00194573-00194795": "We said, “You’ve got to fix it at third reading.”", "bSOqfaHinG0-00418-00194795-00194895": "They didn’t.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00419-00194895-00194995": "They left it to you.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00420-00194995-00195095": "You’ve got to fix it.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00421-00195095-00195461": "Quickly, I’ll help you understand why this matters.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00422-00195461-00195875": "Section 14 used to say that cabinet will decide when this comes into effect.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00423-00195875-00196194": "The House standing committee removed that.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00424-00196194-00196837": "They took cabinet’s power away in an intent to speed it up by replacing the wording that", "bSOqfaHinG0-00425-00196837-00197346": "says that it shall come into force no later than one year after the bill receives Royal", "bSOqfaHinG0-00426-00197346-00197446": "Assent.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00427-00197446-00197621": "But it doesn’t say when in that year.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00428-00197621-00197808": "So, there are two possibilities.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00429-00197808-00198441": "The first is that the ambiguity, which is clearly there, leads federal bureaucrats to", "bSOqfaHinG0-00430-00198441-00198801": "invoke the one year and say, “Well, we’ve got to wait a year.”", "bSOqfaHinG0-00431-00198801-00199148": "That’s going to hurt people who want the money sooner.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00432-00199148-00199664": "The second possibility is that it’s going to lead to a conclusion that because it’s", "bSOqfaHinG0-00433-00199664-00200188": "ambiguous, the Interpretation Act really means that it goes into effect now, even though", "bSOqfaHinG0-00434-00200188-00200380": "it doesn’t say it goes into effect now.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00435-00200380-00200771": "Then you’ve got a cloud hanging over the regulations.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00436-00200771-00201370": "If you clear it up by either amending section 14 to say it goes into effect on Royal Assent", "bSOqfaHinG0-00437-00201370-00201915": "or simply repealing section 14 because it does the same thing, then you’ve solved", "bSOqfaHinG0-00438-00201915-00202015": "the problem.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00439-00202015-00202189": "That means this has to go back to the house.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00440-00202189-00202569": "If you make the other minor changes we’re talking about, they’ve got to go back to", "bSOqfaHinG0-00441-00202569-00202669": "the house.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00442-00202669-00203055": "The advantage you’ve got is just like what happened four years ago.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00443-00203055-00203479": "There was a division in this committee on whether to amend or don’t amend, and this", "bSOqfaHinG0-00444-00203479-00203579": "committee amended.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00445-00203579-00204400": "Then, we all came together within a couple of weeks to call on the House unanimously", "bSOqfaHinG0-00446-00204400-00204941": "to ratify the Senate’s amendments, and that’s what the House did.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00447-00204941-00205298": "We did it working with the exact same minister we’re working with now.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00448-00205298-00205579": "That’s why I have confidence it's gonna happen again.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00449-00205579-00205938": "The Chair: Thank you to both our witnesses.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00450-00205938-00206536": "You have provided us with so much information and insight.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00451-00206536-00206712": "We really value that.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00452-00206712-00207244": "Colleagues, we will be proceeding to clause by clause next week.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00453-00207244-00208019": "We are still waiting to hear whether one final witness will be scheduled, but the clerk of", "bSOqfaHinG0-00454-00208019-00208707": "the committee will let you and your staff know whether we proceed to clause by clause", "bSOqfaHinG0-00455-00208707-00208940": "on Wednesday or Thursday.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00456-00208940-00209444": "In either case, senators are encouraged to consult with the office of the law clerk when", "bSOqfaHinG0-00457-00209444-00209619": "drafting their amendments.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00458-00209619-00210233": "It is very helpful, of course, to share amendments or observations with the clerk in advance.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00459-00210233-00210853": "They will be treated confidentially unless you wish them to be shared with your committee", "bSOqfaHinG0-00460-00210853-00211171": "members in advance of the meeting.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00461-00211171-00211271": "Thank you, colleagues.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00462-00211271-00211510": "Once again, thank you to the witnesses.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00463-00211510-00211623": "This meeting is adjourned.", "bSOqfaHinG0-00464-00211623-00211673": "[music]"}}, {"audio_id": "bTnd5NRVOgA", "text": {"bTnd5NRVOgA-00000-00000088-00000288": "Mario's got a hangover", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00001-00002399-00002726": "So let's continue as always", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00002-00002802-00003028": "I went out until 4 am", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00003-00003394-00003647": "Now I'm here with Mayth and Nathalie", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00004-00003710-00003910": "We are doing the ISLAND ESCAPADE TOUR", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00005-00003950-00004142": "Today we will have a look at some beautiful beaches", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00006-00006192-00006470": "So we arrived at Malcapuyah island!", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00007-00010222-00010330": "This boat is going crazy", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00008-00010374-00010498": "So exciting guys!", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00009-00011529-00011816": "We just arrived at Banana Island", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00010-00011816-00012106": "We'll also have lunch here", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00011-00012152-00012566": "They prepared a buffet out of bananas only which you can just get from the trees here", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00012-00012566-00012816": "Just kidding, did you believe that?", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00013-00012818-00013068": "It's just called banana island because", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00014-00013068-00013306": "this island looks like a banana from the sky", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00015-00013308-00013610": "There aren't even any banana trees here", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00016-00013684-00013897": "Instead we have this gorgeous view", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00017-00014850-00015041": "Food's ready!", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00018-00015212-00015676": "There are worse places for lunch, I'm sure", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00019-00016794-00017102": "This guy over there is so dedicated", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00020-00017134-00017418": "He's been lying there for approximately 15 minutes now", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00021-00017432-00017586": "Taking photos of his girlfriend", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00022-00018224-00018566": "Ok dear Philippines, this is crazy!", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00023-00019588-00020121": "So we used the opportunity to take some photos", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00024-00020122-00020536": "and now we want to go snorkeling", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00025-00020596-00020870": "We just arrived at our next stop: Bulog Island", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00026-00025228-00025352": "The tour is over now", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00027-00025398-00025598": "We had some pretty good snorkeling opportunities there", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00028-00025710-00025906": "Now we're heading back to Coron", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00029-00029420-00029689": "Unfortunately I have to change my hostel today", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00030-00029738-00029994": "The Hop Hostel is booked out starting from today", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00031-00029994-00030154": "But I can't find it. The address must be here!", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00032-00030236-00030523": "So I arrived at my new hostel room", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00033-00030524-00030698": "They used to call themselves Thalusi hostel", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00034-00030716-00031027": "Now they are called Island Hostel but they haven't change the signs outside yet", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00035-00031114-00031386": "I know it's not as premium as the other one", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00036-00031442-00031744": "But the staff was super nice and I like it here", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00037-00031800-00032102": "I even got a welcome drink and free breakfast", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00038-00032102-00032338": "In addition to that, WIFI is good! 5 MB/s!", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00039-00032372-00032794": "All the time I had almost 0 MB/s - maybe I can upload a new video here, finally", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00040-00032874-00033140": "As always, no locker in here. I love my pac safe!", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00041-00033738-00034716": "This is my welcome drink! I don't know what it is, but it's fruity and delicious!", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00042-00034782-00034964": "This is the sitting room", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00043-00035000-00035186": "and here I'm right in the city", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00044-00035667-00036000": "I'm happy. The people are so nice!", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00045-00036289-00036389": "And as always :-)...", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00046-00036759-00037005": "So, yesterday I already didn't have to pay for food and drinks", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00047-00037062-00037274": "Because I was DJing at a tour", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00048-00037342-00037720": "euh.. no, at the hostel's rooftop bar!", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00049-00038242-00038578": "I used to do it in Germany from time to time - so cool", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00050-00038716-00039112": "Now I am heading to a cool boat party tour", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00051-00039158-00039418": "Usually it's around 1400 PHP", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00052-00039418-00039576": "but for me it's free", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00053-00039576-00039886": "as I will be helping out as a photographer", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00054-00039886-00040188": "Steve and I already got down to the boat", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00055-00040200-00040362": "It's behind me", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00056-00040410-00040610": "So, Groove Crewz started", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00057-00040848-00040984": "It's very relaxed!", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00058-00041034-00041216": "I already had nice conversations", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00059-00041272-00041472": "Got to know new people and yeah", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00060-00041526-00041668": "This will be an amazing day, I'm sure", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00061-00046878-00047158": "It's so interesting. Everytime you're leaving a boat", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00062-00047168-00047400": "you have to jump from one boat to another", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00063-00047695-00047881": "Yeah we got this one", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00064-00047917-00048111": "Now I'm walking across the next one", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00065-00049003-00049113": "I just destroyed my flip flop", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00066-00049757-00050001": "Now we are going back to the hostel to see the sunset", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00067-00050670-00050770": "That's nice some ... huh?", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00068-00051312-00051641": "Some people gave so much money to the driver", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00069-00051780-00052023": "That's why I didn't need to add any", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00070-00052023-00052140": "Free ride!", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00071-00052217-00052451": "But I still have to get back to the hostel", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00072-00052452-00052662": "I won't join for sunset, I'll go back to my place", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00073-00052717-00052927": "I want to upload a video again", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00074-00052928-00053508": "Then a Filipino family asked me if I am interested in having dinner with them - Of course!", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00075-00053560-00053778": "I met them on one of the boat tours", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00076-00053829-00053929": "I'll definitely go there", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00077-00054010-00054210": "I love that my place is right in the city now", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00078-00054382-00054674": "I just go the centre and boom I'm there", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00079-00055491-00055819": "Ok now I'm meeting several Filipino friends for dinner", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00080-00055819-00056126": "I may also have lost my room key already", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00081-00056126-00056235": "Now I'm walking across a dark street", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00082-00056301-00056502": "You won't be able to see me soon", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00083-00056502-00056793": "In this hostel now they only have cold showers", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00084-00056804-00057094": "I am used to it now, no problem", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00085-00057094-00057402": "But in Germany I was also very sensitive about that", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00086-00057402-00057502": "I always liked to have warm water", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00087-00057604-00057829": "We are having dinner together now!", "bTnd5NRVOgA-00088-00057844-00058044": "Enjoy :)"}}, {"audio_id": "bU9CJbS5ivM", "text": {"bU9CJbS5ivM-00000-00000632-00001096": "So, we've mentioned the fact that aragonitic cements are often", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00001-00001096-00001696": "needle-shaped. And, there's a model that explains this, which is known as the", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00002-00001760-00002576": "magnesium poisoning of calcite. So, imagine that in the situation 'A' here, you have a calcite mineral,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00003-00002576-00003104": "or an aragonitic mineral, that forms. So, the mineral is like a salt. So,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00004-00003104-00003640": "you have a layer of carbonate, that’s the green layer, and then you have a layer of metal", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00005-00003824-00004576": "ions, and that's the little round grey sphere for calcium and the red triangle for magnesium.", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00006-00004640-00005336": "As long as you substitute magnesium for calcium into the structure at the middle of a", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00007-00005336-00006032": "a mineral plate, it's not a problem. You have the green carbonate ions, then you have the", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00008-00006088-00006823": "calcium magnesium ion layer. And, because the magnesium is smaller than the calcium ion,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00009-00006823-00007352": "there's a tendency of the carbonate layer to collapse a little bit around the magnesium.", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00010-00007352-00007895": "But, in the centre it makes no difference, you just can accommodate for this. But,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00011-00007895-00008672": "if you substitute a magnesium at the edge of the mineral, what happened is, because of that effect", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00012-00008672-00009296": "of a smaller ionic radius, the idea is that the carbonate layer starts to basically come closer,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00013-00009296-00010008": "close up, and then it becomes very difficult to grow that mineral laterally, to add layers of", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00014-00010176-00010808": "calcium and carbonate laterally to this structure. So, that means you limit its lateral growth and", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00015-00010808-00011344": "all of the growth of the mineral if you have lots of magnesium in the seawater that you substitute", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00016-00011440-00012008": "within the aragonite. All of that growth is along the c axis,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00017-00012008-00012528": "and strontium and magnesium, typically, will substitute within the aragonite layer. So,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00018-00012528-00013208": "this is a relatively old model to explain the formation of needle-shapes for aragonite.", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00019-00013208-00013856": "And the idea is the following, is that in seawater where you have more magnesium,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00020-00013912-00014616": "you have a very slow sideward growth and a much faster growth along the c-axis. So, you obtain", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00021-00014616-00015280": "a mineral that is elongated, so that would be your high mag calcite and your aragonite;", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00022-00015376-00016112": "whereas, when you are in mixed water or fresh water, the magnesium calcium concentration is", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00023-00016112-00016800": "much lower. So, then it's easier to grow laterally your mineral, or equally laterally and vertically.", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00024-00016800-00017448": "So, you end up with either equant minerals, so same in both directions, or with minerals that are", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00025-00017448-00018152": "actually growing as platy minerals, relatively large in the other axes than the c-axis. So,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00026-00018152-00018752": "that's this old model. Actually now, you know, it is put into question we know that the ionic", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00027-00018752-00019336": "strengths of the solution plays also a very, very big role; but, nevertheless, it still is an easy", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00028-00019336-00020008": "model to kind of comprehend and understand why we get these different shapes in different minerals.", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00029-00020072-00020704": "It's not always a good idea to rely on the shape of the crystal, or the shape of the mineral,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00030-00020704-00021136": "to deduce something about the environment of diagenesis. But, it is something that", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00031-00021136-00021872": "you at least can have; it is one piece of the puzzle, one element that you can use. In terms of", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00032-00021872-00022368": "isotopic signature for marine cement, well no surprise because we said", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00033-00022368-00022928": "that the PDB scale that we use for carbonate is based on the belemnite, which is a marine species,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00034-00023048-00023888": "all of the isotopic values for the marine cements come close to zero. It's not exactly zero,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00035-00023888-00024408": "because it depends when it was deposited, at what temperature, which will impact the delta O18,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00036-00024408-00025040": "but also the delta C13. But, you can see here we have modern ooids, modern marine cement,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00037-00025040-00025872": "Bahamian Chalk, Bulk Jamaica Reef Rock, and some Radiaxial Calcite Cement from an atoll in the", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00038-00025872-00026472": "Pacific called Enewatak Atoll. All of these plot more or less close to zero per ml. In oxygen,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00039-00026472-00027216": "there's some more positive values in the Bahamas and in Jamaica; these can be explained by either", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00040-00027216-00027808": "evaporation (so higher evaporation) or you know bodies of water that are slightly different, or", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00041-00027872-00028360": "biogenic processes. But, they're very close from zero. And, the carbon is slightly higher", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00042-00028360-00028936": "and, again, that reflects just the value of the DIC, the dissolved inorganic carbon pool,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00043-00028936-00029432": "in the modern ocean compared to the Mesozoic. But, you don't have major deviations here,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00044-00029432-00030016": "so that's the take-home message. You can expect things close to the centre, close to zero,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00045-00030016-00030448": "with some variation of a few per ml. And, that's it. And, we'll see that other environments of", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00046-00030448-00030983": "diagenesis sometimes are characterised by much more extreme values in carbon", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00047-00030983-00031608": "and oxygen isotopes. So, let's review now the different environments in shallow water deposits", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00048-00031608-00032080": "where we can expect cementation. And, you will remember from the previous class, that we need", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00049-00032080-00032816": "a pump to move fluid in a diagenetic system, to explain why we can cement a complete pore space,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00050-00032816-00033384": "and this is because, if you think rationally about it, if you have one pore volume of water,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00051-00033384-00033920": "and you were to precipitate all the calcium carbonate content of this pore volume of water;", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00052-00033920-00034320": "this would not be enough, of course, to fill the entire pore, because you still have all", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00053-00034320-00034880": "the water in it. So, that's why you need really the pump in a lot of circulation of water to be", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00054-00034880-00035440": "able to fully cement a rock and lose all of the porosity and all of the permeability. So, what are", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00055-00035440-00036104": "the potential pumps and environments where we can see cementation or significant cementation? Well,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00056-00036104-00036848": "if we look at the slope of the reef or the basin, we've talked previously about contourite deposits,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00057-00036848-00037512": "which are deposits that are being transported by current, by ocean currents. These currents,", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00058-00037512-00038024": "because it's a flow of water on top of the sediments, these currents could actually act", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00059-00038024-00038624": "as a pump that circulates water in the underlying sediments. And, that is one way that you can have", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00060-00038624-00039312": "extensive cementation around carbonate systems, our carbonate platform it's called essentially", "bU9CJbS5ivM-00061-00039312-00040183": "cementation that happens on lithotherms in relatively deeper water in the shallow basin."}}, {"audio_id": "bUk7RKfAF2E", "text": {"bUk7RKfAF2E-00000-00000760-00001544": "our videos are made possible by ranger rob poopy bags available at amazon right now good morning", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00001-00001544-00002216": "this is ranger rob from ranger rob country living hope you're all doing fine it's cold out today", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00002-00002216-00003096": "it's like 30 degrees 32 degrees right now it's uh supposed to warm up in a day or two so uh", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00003-00003296-00003840": "we're kind of slow going about going outside went for it to warm up a little bit the sunshine helps", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00004-00003944-00004992": "but we still need to uh start assembling our greenhouse and uh but i gotta come out here", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00005-00004992-00005680": "and check on the chickens first and uh apparently the chickens don't like to come out in the cold", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00006-00005768-00006648": "because uh they're just uh hanging out in the house but um we got everything uh", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00007-00006752-00007223": "out here kind of got our distance we want to make sure we have enough space", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00008-00007223-00007704": "between the greenhouse and the chicken pin to get the tractor in here if we had to", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00009-00007831-00008584": "and i think we'll be all right so uh we're anxious to get this up we are gonna use uh uh", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00010-00008800-00009536": "uh six ply clear plastic on our greenhouse and uh", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00011-00009904-00010312": "the connectors were kind of um trying to decide between using", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00012-00010408-00011392": "a pvc pipe and then splitting a pipe and you can pop it in or using that zigzag wire connectors um", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00013-00011536-00012784": "haven't quite decided on that we'll let you know so anyway i gotta go check on the chickens", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00014-00015776-00016984": "so", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00015-00020992-00021456": "well while i was out there checking out the chicken pins some of the on the ramp some", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00016-00021456-00022184": "of those steps are gone so i found a couple of boards here they have to be uh 11 inches drill a", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00017-00022184-00022776": "couple of holes replace the steps make it a little easier for the birds to get in the in the house so", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00018-00022872-00023288": "like uh i've been procrastinating on that so grab my little skill saw", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00019-00023368-00023984": "just gonna whip out a couple of these guys and drill some holes and get the birds all set up", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00020-00027352-00028183": "so", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00021-00029248-00029583": "foreign", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00022-00032192-00032383": "me", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00023-00032672-00033784": "so", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00024-00034368-00035064": "well it's kind of an overkill but they'll work besides the scrap wood okay guys on day two", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00025-00035144-00035456": "which is actually three three days ago uh", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00026-00035584-00036248": "we took the sightings that we built and we got them upright look at that so uh", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00027-00036456-00036872": "so far we've got all the walls up except the front", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00028-00036872-00037256": "the reason we haven't done the front yet is because we're waiting for the door", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00029-00037256-00037704": "and that's still in the front of the house we want to install the door before we put it", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00030-00037704-00038328": "up here does this make it a little easier these beams are just temporary to hold the structure up", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00031-00038392-00039384": "plus we just got extra support beams just in case it gets windy but uh yeah that's gonna be a big", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00032-00039784-00040504": "it's 14 by 21 by eight foot and uh what's gonna be really nice", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00033-00040584-00041136": "is a high ceiling i'll be great for hanging things or if i get really tall plants", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00034-00041376-00042128": "what we're planning for the inside is literally shelving on this side raised bed in the center", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00035-00042128-00042584": "and raised bed on this side because we want to focus on tomatoes", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00036-00042672-00043672": "so uh anyway there she is she's getting there now what we're gonna do is we got our cattle panels", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00037-00043736-00044536": "this is only 14 foot the cattle panels are 16 by 50. anyway uh they're going", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00038-00044536-00045120": "to be strung across on the top here and we're going to cinch them down with a plumber's tape", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00039-00045240-00046040": "and then make sure we have nice smooth edges and then we'll be putting a 2x4 cross beam", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00040-00046288-00047072": "about yay high all the way across all the way across which our plastic will come down and", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00041-00047072-00047792": "cinch down there and then from this point on down uh we'll be able to roll up the plastic to open up", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00042-00047792-00048672": "more air to the greenhouse to turn it into kind of a high tunnel when we need to so pretty cool huh", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00043-00048672-00049376": "a little farther back it's a beast it's gonna be a really cool i have a greenhouse that big", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00044-00049456-00050048": "so anyway guys i'm gonna wrap this up i want to thank you very much for uh watching please", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00045-00050048-00050584": "take the time to like and subscribe and share our videos and say hello in the comments below", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00046-00050736-00051424": "and uh we'll see you next time bye thank you very much for watching our video please take", "bUk7RKfAF2E-00047-00051424-00053136": "the time to like subscribe and share our videos all over the whole wide world thanks"}}, {"audio_id": "bUOprhpsb-M", "text": {"bUOprhpsb-M-00000-00000000-00030720": "© Warxul. My 3 Version Of Drums (Hegewald - There's Always A Way)"}}, {"audio_id": "bV6hItQ0JkQ", "text": {"bV6hItQ0JkQ-00000-00000046-00000257": "[Dr. Andrew Singleton] So, thank you very much.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00001-00000260-00000471": "It's -- I'm glad to see that so many people have stuck it", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00002-00000474-00000656": "out for this afternoon.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00003-00000659-00000935": "I realize everybody's probably quite keen", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00004-00000938-00001307": "to get back to their hometown, now that the meeting's drawing", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00005-00001310-00001474": "to an end.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00006-00001477-00002061": "We've already heard open data sharing mentioned a few times.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00007-00002064-00002319": "I think it's -- Winston Churchill used to say,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00008-00002322-00002523": "\"Say things three times in each speech to make", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00009-00002526-00002783": "sure that the point gets driven home,\"", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00010-00002786-00003043": "so maybe this will be the last time that you hear this,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00011-00003046-00003350": "but I doubt it.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00012-00003353-00003489": "I think it's worth discussing.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00013-00003492-00003796": "I come from a disease lab background.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00014-00003799-00004102": "My -- the lab I run is a neurogenetics lab that", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00015-00004105-00004409": "works on genetics of neurological disorders", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00016-00004412-00004678": "like stroke, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, things", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00017-00004681-00004817": "like that.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00018-00004820-00005449": "And almost without exception, I think that the participants", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00019-00005452-00005774": "of the studies that I'm involved in -- the patients with disease", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00020-00005777-00006090": "and their caregivers and the controls that volunteer --", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00021-00006093-00006322": "would be horrified if they didn't think that we were", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00022-00006325-00006545": "doing the most we possibly can to try and figure out", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00023-00006548-00006675": "the diseases.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00024-00006678-00006928": "And I think that it wouldn't occur to them --", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00025-00006931-00007335": "wouldn't occur to many of them that we would worry so much", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00026-00007338-00007511": "about sharing the data.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00027-00007514-00007854": "Of course, it's valid to worry about privacy,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00028-00007857-00008022": "but I think in general the patients really want us", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00029-00008025-00008273": "to share the data, and get it out there.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00030-00008276-00008459": "So really this is what I'm going to be talking", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00031-00008462-00008607": "about today.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00032-00008610-00009090": "So, persuading collaborators of the pros of open data access.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00033-00009093-00009675": "Clearly, particularly for epidemiological work,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00034-00009678-00009917": "most of the cohorts have been worked on for years,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00035-00009920-00010371": "decades even, and investigators have poured their entire", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00036-00010374-00010605": "careers, their entire lives into collecting the data,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00037-00010608-00011228": "making sure that the data is very well collected,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00038-00011231-00011506": "solid data sets.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00039-00011509-00011756": "And it's really their career.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00040-00011759-00011969": "It's their -- it's all of their work,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00041-00011972-00012239": "distilled into one large project,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00042-00012242-00012518": "or a couple of very large projects.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00043-00012521-00012731": "So the knee-jerk reaction, of course, is \"Why should", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00044-00012734-00012861": "I share this data?", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00045-00012864-00013158": "I'm giving away my life's work,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00046-00013161-00013316": "and more than that, I'm giving away the", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00047-00013319-00013614": "work of the post-docs who worked so hard on these", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00048-00013617-00013893": "data, and the junior investigators that", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00049-00013896-00014106": "worked so hard on these data.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00050-00014109-00014273": "My funding will be in jeopardy when I give", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00051-00014276-00014645": "away this -- these data, once I've let it out into", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00052-00014648-00014869": "the open, it's gone forever, and I have no control over", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00053-00014872-00015285": "its use, so why should I be funded to collect more?\"", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00054-00015288-00015797": "And another point -- which comes down to the appropriate", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00055-00015800-00016112": "scientific analysis of data -- is that you want to make", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00056-00016115-00016559": "sure that your data is being treated in a proper way,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00057-00016562-00016781": "and really the investigator who collected the data is the", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00058-00016784-00016948": "best person to do that, because they know the", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00059-00016951-00017106": "data so well.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00060-00017109-00017329": "So, what are the pros?", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00061-00017332-00017626": "For genome-wide association, you've heard big numbers", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00062-00017629-00017765": "all day.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00063-00017768-00018007": "You generate billions of data points in a good", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00064-00018010-00018285": "genome-wide association set.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00065-00018288-00018565": "And with epidemiological cohorts, you're usually", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00066-00018568-00018815": "typing many phenotypes -- hundreds, thousands", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00067-00018818-00018945": "of phenotypes.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00068-00018948-00019270": "There is simply too much for one investigator to do", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00069-00019273-00019391": "in a timely manner.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00070-00019394-00019771": "To analyze 3,000 quantitative traits across a half million", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00071-00019774-00020226": "genotypes, it's just too much for one investigator to do", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00072-00020229-00020534": "in a rigorous way, and to make sure", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00073-00020537-00020803": "they don't miss the obvious things", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00074-00020806-00021090": "and the not-so-obvious things.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00075-00021093-00021453": "We've talked about spurious results in data and odd", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00076-00021456-00021732": "results in data which actually might point", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00077-00021735-00021964": "you towards something that's particularly interesting.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00078-00021967-00022196": "If you're analyzing many thousands of associations,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00079-00022199-00022568": "you're more likely to miss those.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00080-00022571-00022967": "I think that sharing the data obviously creates good will", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00081-00022970-00023107": "in the community.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00082-00023110-00023329": "It really encourages collaboration, and this", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00083-00023332-00023765": "is going to be the theme of what I'm trying to get across.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00084-00023768-00024147": "In the -- when you release your data to the public,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00085-00024150-00024667": "either through databases like dbGaP or private databases,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00086-00024670-00024989": "it doesn't generally encourage people to take your data", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00087-00024992-00025261": "and run; it really encourages them to contact you,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00088-00025264-00025465": "and try and work on collaborations,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00089-00025468-00025986": "and expanding upon your data, and expanding upon their data.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00090-00025989-00026190": "There is a final point, which is really the", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00091-00026193-00026450": "absolute driver of this, and you've heard this", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00092-00026453-00026737": "many times today, and that is that", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00093-00026740-00027025": "generally no one cohort -- no one investigator can", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00094-00027028-00027425": "unequivocally prove association for effects that are fairly", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00095-00027428-00027740": "small, where you have an odds ratio of 1.1 to 1.4,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00096-00027743-00027926": "something like that.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00097-00027929-00028205": "Size absolutely matters, the number of patients,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00098-00028208-00028447": "the number of samples that you have matters.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00099-00028450-00028790": "These are -- this is kind of a rough calculation", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00100-00028793-00029153": "of sample size that's required to find effects", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00101-00029156-00029636": "with odds ratios -- this isn't working --", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00102-00029639-00029887": "with odds ratios of sort of 1.2 to 2.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00103-00029890-00030026": "That's the gray numbers.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00104-00030029-00030248": "You need several thousand individuals to be able", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00105-00030251-00030843": "to detect effect reliably in your cohorts above where", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00106-00030846-00031104": "you would correct for multiple testing.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00107-00031107-00031409": "But more than that, once you do find", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00108-00031412-00031706": "an effect with an odds ratio of 1.2, 1.3,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00109-00031709-00031976": "even in several studies where you have a thousand", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00110-00031979-00032245": "cases and a thousand controls -- such as", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00111-00032248-00032469": "the diabetes studies that are shown here,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00112-00032472-00032720": "three separate studies with a few thousand cases", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00113-00032723-00033064": "and a few thousand controls -- you then need to be able", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00114-00033067-00033379": "to replicate those hits in even larger cohorts.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00115-00033382-00033630": "So you should be able to read here that the", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00116-00033633-00033993": "final number of -- the final number of subjects analyzed", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00117-00033996-00034486": "in this study, which identified effects of an odds ration", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00118-00034489-00034884": "of about 1.1 to 1.4, was about 33,000", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00119-00034887-00035116": "samples, and there really are no studies,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00120-00035119-00035284": "or very few studies, where you could do", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00121-00035287-00035451": "that individually.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00122-00035454-00035776": "This kind of analysis, to unequivocally show", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00123-00035779-00036147": "association, and to really weed out the true hits", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00124-00036150-00036630": "requires collaboration across investigators,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00125-00036633-00037020": "across sites, across countries, usually.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00126-00037023-00037522": "There's another advantage to establishing these", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00127-00037525-00037661": "collaborations now,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00128-00037664-00038005": "and that is that this is really the first of a wave", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00129-00038008-00038265": "of genome-wide technologies.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00130-00038268-00038887": "Genetics is kind of different to most approaches in biology", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00131-00038890-00039389": "in that it's very driven by technical advances", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00132-00039392-00039565": "and increases in technology.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00133-00039568-00039881": "We really -- that's what drives what we do.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00134-00039884-00040225": "And genome-wide association has been just an incredible", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00135-00040228-00040308": "leap forward.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00136-00040311-00040503": "Even three years ago, four years ago,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00137-00040506-00040894": "if we'd been talking about hoping to type", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00138-00040897-00041172": "a few hundred thousand SNPs reliably and accurately", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00139-00041175-00041479": "in an individual, I don't think I would have believed it.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00140-00041482-00041683": "And yet now we can do this.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00141-00041686-00042041": "But this is a -- this is, like all technologies, transitional.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00142-00042044-00042268": "We will move on from genome-wide association", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00143-00042271-00042565": "to assays of epigenetic variation, so being able", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00144-00042568-00042955": "to assay histone methylation in a genome-wide quantitative", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00145-00042958-00043336": "and fairly unbiased manner, looking at digital expression,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00146-00043339-00044014": "where we count transcripts by sequence, and look at splice", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00147-00044017-00044350": "variants by sequence across the genome in different tissues.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00148-00044353-00044692": "You can imagine doing this in brain and liver and kidney.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00149-00044695-00044924": "Genome-wide assays of allelic expression,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00150-00044927-00045259": "so seeing if different alleles are expressed at --", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00151-00045262-00045658": "in -- at different rates within an individual.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00152-00045661-00045890": "High density re-sequencing, which you've heard about --", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00153-00045893-00046347": "re-sequencing genomic regions, such as in the ENCODE project,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00154-00046350-00046587": "to try and gather up rare variation.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00155-00046590-00046986": "And of course, genome-wide re-sequencing, which one", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00156-00046989-00047274": "would guess is only three or four years away from", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00157-00047277-00047748": "being affordable as a -- as an approach to disease.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00158-00047751-00048138": "All of these approaches, genome-wide association", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00159-00048141-00048445": "and all of these approaches are going to require tens", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00160-00048448-00048853": "of thousands of samples to be able to get at real effects", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00161-00048856-00049178": "that are associated with traits or diseases.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00162-00049181-00049559": "And I think that we have a really great opportunity now,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00163-00049562-00049895": "as genome-wide association comes along, to get our ducks", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00164-00049898-00050247": "in a row -- that's the ducks along the top --", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00165-00050250-00050572": "to get our ducks in a row, and really organize ourselves,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00166-00050575-00051028": "make friends with our competitors and colleagues,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00167-00051031-00051353": "come up with analytical plans that will work,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00168-00051356-00051677": "come up with strategies for promoting the post-docs", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00169-00051680-00051955": "and junior faculty that work on this -- on these kind", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00170-00051958-00052308": "of approaches, and really get our act together.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00171-00052311-00052726": "Maybe we'll be lucky enough to be like physicists in a --", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00172-00052729-00052986": "in a few years' time, by having hundreds", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00173-00052989-00053488": "of authors, but everybody gets their due credit.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00174-00053491-00053748": "I never thought I would say I'm lucky to be like a physicist,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00175-00053751-00054231": "but -- there's no physicists in the audience, is there?", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00176-00054234-00054565": "Okay, so, what are the rewards and challenges", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00177-00054568-00054864": "to open data sharing?", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00178-00054867-00055206": "So we just heard about this -- I'll talk about it really", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00179-00055209-00055439": "with just one slide, and that is that", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00180-00055442-00055672": "ensuring that your sample collection and consent", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00181-00055675-00056312": "allows you to share data openly, or at some level of sharing", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00182-00056315-00056618": "of data, and taking into consideration things like", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00183-00056621-00056915": "intellectual property of your host institution,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00184-00056918-00057305": "tiered consents, so being able to track who consented to what", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00185-00057308-00057640": "level of data sharing.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00186-00057643-00057890": "I think that there is a lot of confusion,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00187-00057893-00058356": "and it's a transitional period, in terms of institutional", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00188-00058359-00058988": "review boards, and understanding the impact of genetics on", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00189-00058991-00059313": "our lives, our everyday lives that's -- I would guess is", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00190-00059316-00059472": "going happen over the next 10 years.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00191-00059475-00059778": "It's really a transitional period, and we're trying", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00192-00059780-00060066": "to all get on the same page over what are the", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00193-00060069-00060289": "real barriers to sharing these data, and what are", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00194-00060292-00060540": "the perceived barriers?", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00195-00060542-00060753": "I would imagine the -- all of the investigators", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00196-00060756-00061051": "here who've worked across institutions realize that", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00197-00061054-00061339": "no IRB really acts in the same way,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00198-00061342-00061793": "or agrees on the same -- agrees on the same restrictions.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00199-00061796-00062146": "So we really need to get better ideas about", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00200-00062149-00062749": "what are the real barriers to these sharing of data.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00201-00062752-00063112": "I would say that this, again, is really worth", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00202-00063115-00063316": "doing now, as we get our ducks in a row,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00203-00063319-00063585": "because more and more funding bodies,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00204-00063588-00063948": "both government funding bodies and funding bodies outside", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00205-00063951-00064310": "of the government, are really mandating that sharing", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00206-00064313-00064644": "at some level is part of the research plan", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00207-00064647-00065183": "of any grant that goes into an institution.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00208-00065186-00065499": "So striving to use standardized phenotype and genotype measures", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00209-00065502-00065963": "that can be applied across studies,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00210-00065966-00066260": "from a genotype perspective this is difficult but", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00211-00066263-00066447": "not impossible.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00212-00066450-00066743": "There are really only two main platforms at the moment,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00213-00066746-00067106": "the Affymetrix and Illumina platforms.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00214-00067109-00067291": "And each of those has different chips,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00215-00067294-00067496": "and each of those has different releases", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00216-00067499-00067932": "and different versions, which vary ever so slightly,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00217-00067935-00068277": "enough to give you spurious associations, and enough", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00218-00068280-00068629": "to cause you some small worries.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00219-00068632-00069056": "But these differences are known, and they can be dealt with.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00220-00069059-00069650": "Jim's already spoken about the advantages of using a database", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00221-00069653-00070042": "like dbGaP to help standardize measures of genotype,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00222-00070045-00070673": "and to be able to display the raw genotype data.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00223-00070676-00070961": "And I think that being able to release the raw,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00224-00070964-00071304": "unfiltered genotype data, being able to see the", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00225-00071307-00071629": "intensity plots, the measure of B allele frequencies", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00226-00071632-00072225": "and log R ratio, which give you these intensity plots,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00227-00072228-00072559": "is key to being able to make sure that there's uniform", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00228-00072562-00072903": "data across and between studies.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00229-00072906-00073098": "So phenotype data -- standardizing phenotype", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00230-00073101-00073534": "data is much, much more of a problem in my opinion.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00231-00073537-00073850": "We want to be able to strive to standardize phenotype", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00232-00073853-00074276": "data, both across studies that are looking at similar things,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00233-00074279-00074704": "and also in studies where -- which are fairly disparate,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00234-00074707-00074787": "you know.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00235-00074790-00075104": "Can somebody who's interested in looking at the genetics", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00236-00075107-00075419": "of blood pressure use blood pressure measurements that", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00237-00075422-00075614": "are taken in an Alzheimer's disease study,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00238-00075617-00075865": "or in a Parkinson's disease study, or a study done", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00239-00075868-00076041": "elsewhere in the world?", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00240-00076044-00076533": "I think that coming up with easily transferable", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00241-00076536-00077092": "phenotypic measures is a critical stage in our use", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00242-00077095-00077725": "of this -- in our leverage of genetic association data.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00243-00077728-00078113": "Unfortunately -- I attend a lot of consensus conferences", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00244-00078116-00078466": "for neurological diseases, and getting neurologists", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00245-00078469-00078920": "to agree on a single diagnosis, or a single way to look at", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00246-00078923-00079247": "something is almost impossible.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00247-00079250-00079507": "And there are -- there's -- whenever you decide something", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00248-00079510-00079683": "by committee, there's always a downside.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00249-00079686-00080036": "It's never the most efficient way.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00250-00080039-00080380": "But I think it's important to decide on phenotypic measures,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00251-00080383-00080668": "on standard phenotypic measures, and stick to them,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00252-00080671-00080965": "at least in the short term, so that we have a core set", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00253-00080968-00081197": "of data.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00254-00081200-00081531": "Deciding what, where, and how to post, and also continued support", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00255-00081534-00081922": "of the data and reasonable responses to queries.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00256-00081925-00082125": "No doubt, when you post your data,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00257-00082128-00082377": "you'll be asked about it by investigators who are", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00258-00082380-00082581": "interested in your field.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00259-00082584-00082906": "So there are several levels of data that you can post;", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00260-00082909-00083184": "you can simply just post the association data:", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00261-00083187-00083750": "what are the P-values and odds ratios that you achieve for", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00262-00083753-00083993": "each SNP and each trait?", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00263-00083996-00084364": "That's actually quite a complex thing for epidemiological", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00264-00084367-00084671": "studies, where you're likely to be looking at many traits", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00265-00084674-00084829": "across individuals, so you'll be posting", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00266-00084832-00085014": "a lot of data there.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00267-00085017-00085247": "You can post genotype frequencies,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00268-00085250-00085497": "individual genotypes, which is, I think,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00269-00085500-00085683": "one of the more powerful approaches.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00270-00085686-00086148": "This allows people to apply novel analytical techniques", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00271-00086151-00086650": "to your data, and actually dig down deeply into the data.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00272-00086653-00087021": "And of course the release of data with the most", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00273-00087024-00087448": "utility would be raw image data, cell files,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00274-00087451-00087913": "so that people can reconstruct the data, and recall the data", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00275-00087916-00088247": "and make sure that data across studies and between studies", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00276-00088250-00088702": "is called in a very similar or identical way.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00277-00088705-00088916": "Another consideration, of course, is what level", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00278-00088919-00089055": "of phenotypic data?", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00279-00089058-00089259": "Do you really release all of your phenotypic data", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00280-00089262-00089566": "in one go, knowing that you're putting everything out there?", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00281-00089569-00089947": "You're allowing everybody to delve into your", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00282-00089950-00090198": "data immediately.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00283-00090201-00090383": "When -- there's a lot of discussion over when you", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00284-00090386-00090541": "should release your data.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00285-00090544-00091116": "On publication seems to be a fairly standard approach.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00286-00091119-00091358": "For a certain amount of time following data production,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00287-00091361-00091636": "that seems to be the approach that's being taken in the", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00288-00091639-00091777": "GAIN initiative.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00289-00091780-00092055": "One advantage of this is, of course, it drives the", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00290-00092058-00092575": "investigator to analyze and get their data out into the public", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00291-00092578-00092900": "domain as quickly as possible, knowing that they have only", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00292-00092903-00093281": "a certain amount of time to beat everybody to the punch.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00293-00093284-00093560": "Or, the alternative approach is to just release your data", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00294-00093563-00093913": "immediately upon data production and data", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00295-00093916-00094210": "cleaning, and know that you're in a race with everybody else", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00296-00094213-00094553": "to check your particular phenotypes.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00297-00094556-00094851": "Where should you deposit your data, and how?", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00298-00094854-00095232": "You can choose to deposit your data in a central database such", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00299-00095235-00095576": "as dbGaP, which I really feel is going become the", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00300-00095579-00095958": "main repository for these kind of data,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00301-00095961-00096161": "and certainly NCBI have been dominant", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00302-00096164-00096570": "in posting genomic scale data over the past", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00303-00096573-00096746": "10 years or so.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00304-00096749-00097034": "You can also choose to deposit data or subsets of your data", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00305-00097037-00097573": "on institutional Web sites, or distribute on an ad hoc", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00306-00097576-00097833": "basis, sending out to investigators when they", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00307-00097836-00098130": "ask for it.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00308-00098133-00098474": "I would say that dbGaP is the way to go.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00309-00098477-00098734": "Having your data -- a centralized database", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00310-00098737-00098984": "really means that it's a one time investment;", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00311-00098987-00099189": "you send in your data dictionary,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00312-00099192-00099440": "your phenotypic data, your genotypic data,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00313-00099443-00099933": "you usually get a few questions from Jim and colleagues about", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00314-00099936-00100275": "what's missing and what they would expect,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00315-00100278-00100517": "and any problems they see with the data.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00316-00100520-00100842": "But once that's dealt with, that's essentially all you", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00317-00100845-00101102": "have to do with that data.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00318-00101105-00101344": "It's a large amount of infrastructure burden", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00319-00101347-00101576": "that has been removed from you.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00320-00101579-00101901": "And there's the advantage that there's some standardized data", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00321-00101904-00102244": "cleaning and manipulation, things like standardized", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00322-00102247-00102486": "calling algorithms, and imputation can", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00323-00102489-00102700": "be applied at dbGaP.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00324-00102703-00103081": "And of course, as Jim demonstrated elegantly", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00325-00103083-00103331": "earlier, your data's immediately tied to", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00326-00103334-00103620": "all of the other databases within NCBI,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00327-00103623-00104111": "so it's a nice way to be able to navigate through the data.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00328-00104114-00104317": "Depositing on a local Web site or distributing it", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00329-00104320-00104576": "ad hoc -- you know, there are investigators who will burn", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00330-00104579-00104975": "their data onto a DVD and send it off to the mail --", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00331-00104978-00105291": "in the mail, although many of these datasets are way too", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00332-00105294-00105560": "big for that kind of approach.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00333-00105564-00105728": "This requires a really significant amount", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00334-00105731-00106006": "of time and resources, and you have to be", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00335-00106009-00106229": "prepared to answer questions.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00336-00106232-00106684": "When we first produced our data, we just put it up on", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00337-00106687-00107176": "a Web site through Coriell Cell Repositories as genotypes", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00338-00107179-00107539": "and map files, and we were getting four or five queries", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00339-00107542-00107901": "a day from individuals who downloaded the data,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00340-00107904-00108254": "asking about an individual SNP, what direction it was in,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00341-00108257-00108597": "or why was one missing, and just to have the time", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00342-00108600-00109258": "to deal with this kind of thing is no small burden at all.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00343-00109260-00109676": "So I wanted to just talk briefly about the experience", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00344-00109679-00109834": "of my lab.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00345-00109837-00110428": "We've shared data openly for the past year or so.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00346-00110431-00110688": "We're, I guess, a medium-sized", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00347-00110691-00111031": "genome-wide SNP genotyping operation.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00348-00111034-00111560": "In the past year and a half, we've generated genome-wide", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00349-00111564-00111877": "data on about 6,000 individuals,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00350-00111880-00112183": "so it's about three billion genotypes,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00351-00112186-00112536": "using the Illumina Infinium platform mainly,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00352-00112539-00112777": "although we also have some Affymetrix data.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00353-00112780-00113111": "It's been on neurological diseases, so stroke,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00354-00113115-00113446": "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00355-00113449-00113799": "neurologically normal controls, Alzheimer's disease.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00356-00113802-00114031": "But we've also been doing some other work on diverse", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00357-00114034-00114328": "populations from around the world, looking at genetic", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00358-00114331-00114625": "variability across populations, and some epidemiological", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00359-00114628-00115081": "cohorts, particularly those focusing on aging phenotypes.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00360-00115084-00115323": "I'm from the National Institute of Aging,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00361-00115326-00115823": "so that's directly related to the mission of my institute.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00362-00115826-00116111": "We've published four genome-wide association", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00363-00116114-00116539": "studies, four very small genome-wide association", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00364-00116542-00116929": "studies, really only three, four -- between 300 and 1,000", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00365-00116932-00117450": "cases, and 300 and 1,000 controls in each of these.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00366-00117453-00117841": "These were generated by six post-docs,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00367-00117844-00118211": "and each one of those six post-docs now has a first", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00368-00118214-00118545": "author paper from these data, and each one of them is", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00369-00118548-00118916": "a joint first author paper on the other five papers.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00370-00118919-00119381": "So they all got quite a lot of bang for their six months'", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00371-00119384-00119604": "investment in this work.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00372-00119607-00119995": "They all got six essentially first author papers from", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00373-00119998-00120690": "this work, and I think that the journals are willing to publish", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00374-00120693-00121108": "large lists of joint first and joint last author papers,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00375-00121111-00121591": "and to emphasize the role that each person has played in this", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00376-00121594-00121778": "kind of work.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00377-00121781-00121981": "The paradigm for our kind of research,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00378-00121984-00122483": "for these small cohorts, was not to find genes", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00379-00122486-00122678": "of moderate and small risk.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00380-00122681-00122947": "We were looking for genes of very large risk,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00381-00122950-00123348": "both -- with the knowledge that they probably weren't there.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00382-00123351-00123737": "The main aim was to generate an initial dataset for", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00383-00123740-00123848": "neurological diseases,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00384-00123851-00123997": "and really get the ball rolling in", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00385-00124000-00124396": "Parkinson's disease, ALS, and Alzheimer's disease,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00386-00124399-00124703": "and stroke, and have that data in the public domain so that", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00387-00124706-00125019": "other investigators could mine the data", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00388-00125022-00125179": "and also augment the data.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00389-00125182-00125596": "The nice part about genetic association data is that it's", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00390-00125599-00125895": "digital and can be added to.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00391-00125898-00126311": "So we've released just over a half billion genotypes.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00392-00126314-00126515": "These have been -- these genotypes have been", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00393-00126518-00127063": "downloaded 500 times by 500 individual unique visitors", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00394-00127066-00127473": "from the Coriell Web site, and it's also available", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00395-00127476-00127686": "at the dbGaP Web site.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00396-00127689-00128057": "There are two manuscripts published by our competitors,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00397-00128060-00128541": "and five other manuscripts in press and under preparation", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00398-00128544-00128792": "by other down-loaders, where they've let us", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00399-00128795-00128977": "know that they've analyzed the data,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00400-00128980-00129117": "and they have something interesting that", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00401-00129120-00129220": "they're prepping.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00402-00129223-00129693": "And these are either disease associations or people who", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00403-00129696-00129916": "are developing software to deal with these data,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00404-00129919-00130270": "and they're using these as test datasets.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00405-00130273-00130640": "The real experience that I've had from releasing data out", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00406-00130643-00131011": "into the public domain has been an absolutely positive one,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00407-00131014-00131345": "in that it's really encouraged collaboration.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00408-00131348-00131586": "Most of the people that work on the data we've released", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00409-00131589-00131886": "have contacted me at one point to ask about the data,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00410-00131889-00132079": "to ask about what else we're doing,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00411-00132082-00132255": "to tell me about what they're doing,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00412-00132258-00132580": "and really to ask about collaborations.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00413-00132583-00132933": "They want to share their sample series with a lab that has", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00414-00132936-00133129": "experience in doing this kind of work,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00415-00133132-00133388": "and they want to see if we're doing any more,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00416-00133391-00133705": "so that perhaps we can get together and find", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00417-00133708-00133937": "true risk genes.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00418-00133940-00134224": "I think that most people are realizing we need very large", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00419-00134227-00134456": "cohorts and they can't do it by themselves,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00420-00134459-00134913": "so everyone's starting to play nicely together.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00421-00134916-00135182": "So an example of where this has really benefited us:", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00422-00135185-00135608": "we analyzed copy number variation in a few", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00423-00135611-00136008": "thousand individuals that we've assayed with the", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00424-00136011-00136268": "Infinium platform, and this is essentially looking at", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00425-00136271-00136472": "each chromosome by eye, and scanning it along", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00426-00136475-00136713": "the chromosome, looking for copy number changes,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00427-00136716-00137001": "because the algorithms that are out there don't work", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00428-00137004-00137178": "particularly well.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00429-00137181-00137456": "We were contacted by a lab that specializes in CNVs,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00430-00137459-00137698": "and now we collaborate together on producing an efficient", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00431-00137701-00138097": "algorithm to automatically detect CNVs,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00432-00138100-00138357": "and that's going very well.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00433-00138360-00138674": "So that will have -- if this -- works,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00434-00138677-00138971": "which I feel it will, it will have saved", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00435-00138974-00139241": "the work that we'll put in on future chips,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00436-00139244-00139463": "and to give you an idea of how much work,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00437-00139466-00139713": "defining the copy number variation by eye is --", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00438-00139716-00139993": "it took six people from my lab three months -- three,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00439-00139996-00140429": "pretty much full-time -- three months to identify", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00440-00140432-00140744": "and plot all of the regions of copy number variations.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00441-00140747-00141200": "So that's been a really positive outcome.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00442-00141203-00141385": "So the bottom line: I think that data", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00443-00141388-00141738": "sharing is becoming standard; I think that most of the", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00444-00141741-00142092": "geneticists with large cohorts who are performing these kind", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00445-00142095-00142286": "of studies realize that at some point they have", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00446-00142289-00142658": "to share their data with their colleagues.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00447-00142661-00142983": "It requires a certain amount of time and resources,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00448-00142986-00143309": "and upfront planning, to be most effective,", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00449-00143312-00143522": "thinking about how the genotypes should be", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00450-00143525-00143735": "deposited, how the phenotypes should be scored.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00451-00143738-00143996": "But I -- in my opinion, it really repays the investment.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00452-00143999-00144246": "If we're to move forward, we have to share the data;", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00453-00144249-00144488": "we have to work across studies.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00454-00144491-00144850": "And collaborators generally -- sorry, people in your field", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00455-00144853-00145241": "generally don't want to just take the data away from you.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00456-00145244-00145528": "They know, they understand the issues -- that you know", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00457-00145531-00145770": "the data you've produced better than anyone else.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00458-00145773-00146208": "So they want your experience and your perspective on that data.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00459-00146211-00146431": "And the final point, which is -- which of", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00460-00146434-00146820": "course will be a real driver, is that funding bodies are", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00461-00146823-00147062": "beginning to mandate data sharing.", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00462-00147065-00147359": "There are several charities, at least in neurological --", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00463-00147362-00147767": "in funding neurological diseases where open data", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00464-00147770-00147953": "sharing is absolutely mandated by the --", "bV6hItQ0JkQ-00465-00147956-00148235": "by the funding body."}}, {"audio_id": "bV9eNvC4oBE", "text": {"bV9eNvC4oBE-00000-00001118-00001406": "The LaRSec is  a no-profit cultural association", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00001-00001607-00001899": "Made by young for environmental  protection", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00002-00001901-00002176": "and help the poorest and most  disadvantaged", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00003-00002181-00002393": "In Secondigliano, Naples", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00004-00002496-00002749": "The Association has launched a  provocative campaign", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00005-00002753-00003233": "against dirty roads and against the  dejections of dogs", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00006-00003260-00003460": "The shareholders have  affixed flyers", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00007-00003465-00003727": "and distributed for free collectors  and single-use", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00008-00003733-00003966": "packets to pick up the feces of dogs", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00009-00004117-00004296": "At the square Luigi di Nocera in  the historical", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00010-00004297-00004527": "center of Secondigliano where is the headquarters  of the association", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00011-00004530-00004861": "were distributed garbage cans to  protest against", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00012-00004880-00005151": "the failure of the municipality of Naples", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00013-00005153-00005381": "We interviewed the founder of", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00014-00005387-00005606": "the association Vincenzo Strino", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00015-00005629-00005996": "We handle environment and training matters", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00016-00006257-00006839": "because our neighbourhood is downgraded", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00017-00006839-00007192": "but has great social potential", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00018-00007356-00007617": "With our previous distribution activities", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00019-00007894-00008380": "of garbage baskets we noticed satisfaction", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00020-00008398-00009020": "and enthusiasm from the people", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00021-00009029-00009361": "Soon we will make courses of confectionery", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00022-00009365-00010973": "pizzeria and a computer course  taken by MIT", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00023-00011256-00011639": "Personally I am working on  the rugby project", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00024-00011650-00011968": "I'll take a dozen guys from  the neighborhood", "bV9eNvC4oBE-00025-00011971-00012615": "in the team of Scampia. There are sports  that do not always involve soccer"}}, {"audio_id": "bVpBRJ_XDlU", "text": {"bVpBRJ_XDlU-00000-00000024-00000789": "The drop shippers guy to sourcing from AliExpress video to of two, Hey guys, Jr Fisher", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00001-00000789-00000889": "here.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00002-00000889-00000989": "And I'm continuing on the training.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00003-00000989-00001089": "Now, keep in mind.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00004-00001089-00001295": "This is video two of two.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00005-00001295-00001680": "If you haven't watched video one, you could go ahead and go through and watch this video,", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00006-00001680-00002048": "but I would highly suggest you going back to video one.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00007-00002048-00002286": "And there's going to be a link below in the description where you can go there and do", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00008-00002286-00002386": "that.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00009-00002386-00002680": "But we're talking about sourcing from AliExpress in this video.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00010-00002680-00002869": "And like I said, this is a two-part series.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00011-00002869-00003234": "So you want to get all of that information if you haven't done so, so far, and you're", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00012-00003234-00003557": "brand new here, make sure you subscribe, hit that subscribe button down there.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00013-00003557-00003832": "Don't forget to ring the bell, turn on all bell notification.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00014-00003832-00004318": "So you're notified each and every time I go live, or I upload a video at the end of this", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00015-00004318-00004484": "video, you're going to know everything.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00016-00004484-00004760": "You need to source products from AliExpress.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00017-00004760-00004912": "So let's jump right into it.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00018-00004912-00005262": "Now, the first thing I'm going to tell you is we're uploading our products.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00019-00005262-00005712": "Now we got to that stage, we're using something like Oberlo and we're uploading all that information", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00020-00005712-00005857": "from AliExpress.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00021-00005857-00006208": "And you could do that with multiple products all at once.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00022-00006208-00006370": "Here's what I see as a problem.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00023-00006370-00006698": "And I mentioned it in the other video, people don't change the description.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00024-00006698-00006830": "They get lazy.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00025-00006830-00007365": "They think, well, I'm going to upload 50 products and it's going to take me X number of hours.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00026-00007365-00007552": "Why should I go in and mess with all those descriptions?", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00027-00007552-00007820": "When I could just upload another 50 products?", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00028-00007820-00008101": "It's really not the volume of products you have.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00029-00008101-00008305": "It's the quality of the products you have.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00030-00008305-00008405": "Now.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00031-00008405-00008697": "The quality of the products is going to be determined if they haven't bought it yet by", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00032-00008697-00008838": "your description.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00033-00008838-00009197": "And if you don't change that description, understand that description was probably written", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00034-00009197-00009592": "by somebody whose English is not their first language.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00035-00009592-00009692": "It's not going to sound right.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00036-00009692-00010079": "It's not gonna sound good if you're not good at writing those descriptions, by all means,", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00037-00010079-00010201": "hire somebody to do it.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00038-00010201-00010647": "But those descriptions are so, so important in the more detailed they can be, the better,", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00039-00010647-00011075": "um, people never say I didn't buy that product because it had too much information about", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00040-00011075-00011427": "it, but they often will say I didn't buy that product because there was a lot of questions", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00041-00011427-00011770": "left unanswered when I went and looked at their product description page.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00042-00011770-00012088": "So I would say rewrite that and do that the best you possibly can.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00043-00012088-00012561": "It's better to have three products uploaded with great descriptions and they have 30 in", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00044-00012561-00012661": "there.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00045-00012661-00012834": "And you just use the information from AliExpress.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00046-00012834-00013287": "The next thing I see, which is a mistake is people don't let people know about the shipping", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00047-00013287-00013387": "times.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00048-00013387-00013550": "Shipping times are longer at AliExpress, okay?", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00049-00013550-00013962": "There's gotta be some downside to using a site where you don't have to buy any products", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00050-00013962-00014256": "you can integrate and you can sell instantly from right.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00051-00014256-00014443": "And that downside is shipping times.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00052-00014443-00014895": "You may think if I don't tell them shipping times, then bill probably buy.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00053-00014895-00015115": "But if I do tell them shipping times, they may not buy it.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00054-00015115-00015227": "I'll miss a sale.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00055-00015227-00015709": "The problem with that type of reasoning is that if you don't tell them shipping times", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00056-00015709-00016126": "and they're long, and let's say it's 20 days or 30 days or whatever it is.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00057-00016126-00016508": "And after 10 days they get frustrated, they can just go to PayPal and say, I want a refund.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00058-00016508-00016628": "I haven't got this product.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00059-00016628-00016979": "I can, they can just go to their credit card company and say, I want to charge back this", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00060-00016979-00017173": "merchant because I haven't gotten my product.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00061-00017173-00017476": "You end up with chargebacks, you end up with refunds.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00062-00017476-00017808": "And at that point, if they've already shipped the product out, you're stuck with a product", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00063-00017808-00018073": "that's going to go to them and you don't have any money for it.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00064-00018073-00018209": "So that's a bad thing to do.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00065-00018209-00018573": "If you let them know upfront, there are long shipping times, let them know it's a high", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00066-00018573-00018704": "demand product.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00067-00018704-00018809": "They can make the decision.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00068-00018809-00018958": "Do they want to wait or not?", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00069-00018958-00019122": "And also you have that in writing.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00070-00019122-00019237": "You have that on your sales page.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00071-00019237-00019376": "So you could show PayPal.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00072-00019376-00019483": "You could show the credit card company.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00073-00019483-00019673": "Hey, I told them it was going to be 25 days.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00074-00019673-00019859": "I told him it's gonna be 31 days.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00075-00019859-00019976": "Uh, and they ordered.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00076-00019976-00020159": "And that way you won't get that charge back.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00077-00020159-00020381": "You won't get that refund at PayPal.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00078-00020381-00020690": "Next thing I'm going to tell you is use an order tracking app.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00079-00020690-00020853": "This will make it so much easier.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00080-00020853-00020990": "Let's go over and check one of those outright.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00081-00020990-00021306": "Now, uh, this particular one is called track tour.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00082-00021306-00021545": "Uh, it's an app on the Shopify app store.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00083-00021545-00022120": "Uh, it can enable real time order tracking and status lookup for your online store.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00084-00022120-00022312": "This is really, really important guys.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00085-00022312-00022687": "That way people can go in there and they can figure out how long it's going to be for.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00086-00022687-00022834": "They actually get their product.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00087-00022834-00023184": "The next thing I'm going to tell you is offer free shipping free shipping is huge.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00088-00023184-00023765": "Um, they say that the number one reason, somebody abandoned the cart, uh, on any webpage is", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00089-00023765-00024020": "because of high shipping costs.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00090-00024020-00024287": "If you always offer free shipping, guess what?", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00091-00024287-00024582": "You never have high shipping costs because you never have shipping at all.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00092-00024582-00024682": "So you don't have to worry about that.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00093-00024682-00025028": "And I just recently did a promo in that promo.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00094-00025028-00025264": "I gave free shipping, uh, and I gave a great deal.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00095-00025264-00025386": "So I'll see how that works out.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00096-00025386-00025702": "I don't normally do free shipping, but my products are a little bit different from", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00097-00025702-00025849": "AliExpress type products.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00098-00025849-00025949": "Cause we sell survival.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00099-00025949-00026235": "Foods are pretty heavy and shipping can be very expensive.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00100-00026235-00026706": "Um, however, I am offering free shipping to that group of people so I can increase those", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00101-00026706-00026806": "sales.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00102-00026806-00027241": "Next thing you want to do is price your products properly and properly means you need to make", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00103-00027241-00027487": "at least 50 to 60% profit.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00104-00027487-00027956": "If you're not making 50 to 60% profit, you probably won't be profitable because of your", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00105-00027956-00028122": "marketing costs and everything else.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00106-00028122-00028222": "You're shipping.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00107-00028222-00028480": "You need to have that cushion of 50 to 60%.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00108-00028480-00028829": "And like I said, you want to use a tool like a Burlow to upload your products.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00109-00028829-00028968": "It makes it a whole lot easier.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00110-00028968-00029183": "I'll show you a screenshot of it right here.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00111-00029183-00029591": "Uh, you can also download the Oberlo Chrome plugin to add products.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00112-00029591-00029850": "Uh, so you can see an AliExpress to your store.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00113-00029850-00030145": "Um, this helps you automate importing new products.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00114-00030145-00030441": "As you look for items, your customer will love this.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00115-00030441-00030769": "Uh, the Oberlo app does the work for you.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00116-00030769-00030910": "You just need to browse and click.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00117-00030910-00031056": "It's really that simple.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00118-00031056-00031499": "Now, once you've had your products uploaded to your site, basically it's as simple as", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00119-00031499-00032072": "going to AliExpress, placing the order and giving the order information to AliExpress.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00120-00032072-00032218": "They can send it out to your customer.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00121-00032218-00032587": "It's that easy if you're using Oberlo you don't need to keep a spreadsheet or anything", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00122-00032587-00032687": "like that.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00123-00032687-00032938": "Now, if you're doing it manually, of course you'd want to keep track of all the orders", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00124-00032938-00033225": "and how much they paid, what your cost was, the link and everything.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00125-00033225-00033451": "But if you use Oberlo, it will keep track of it for you.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00126-00033451-00033638": "I highly suggest that you do that.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00127-00033638-00033789": "Here's an example right here.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00128-00033789-00033889": "This is how it works.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00129-00033889-00034350": "It's really as simple as having the Oberlo app installed in your Shopify store, uh, checking", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00130-00034350-00034833": "your orders in Oberlo and then clicking order product next to each pending order.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00131-00034833-00035330": "As you see right here from there Oberlo does the rest, it will buy the product from AliExpress", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00132-00035330-00035596": "for you and insert your customer's details.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00133-00035596-00036103": "Oberlo will even let you know when a supplier on AliExpress has changed their price or", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00134-00036103-00036513": "run out of stock and suggest other drop shipping suppliers.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00135-00036513-00036699": "Now I'll tell you it's a really good idea.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00136-00036699-00037184": "If you're selling, um, from your Shopify store and you're buying from AliExpress, let", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00137-00037184-00037568": "the manufacturer distributor know that you're actually drop shipping this product.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00138-00037568-00037928": "That way they don't put any inserts and the information in the package that would take", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00139-00037928-00038456": "your customer away from you, or that would let them know that you actually use that drop", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00140-00038456-00038556": "ship.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00141-00038556-00038903": "Now I'm going to tell you something that may be not true right now, but it may be by the", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00142-00038903-00039211": "time you're watching this video for years, we had E-Pack it.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00143-00039211-00039391": "And it went away.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00144-00039391-00039665": "And I can't tell you when you're watching this video, if it's going to be available", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00145-00039665-00040100": "or not, but if each packet is available picky packet, uh, it will be the cheapest safest", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00146-00040100-00040233": "way to send your package.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00147-00040233-00040523": "Um, there is a period of time when E-Pack it has gone.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00148-00040523-00040674": "I think it will come back.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00149-00040674-00040957": "But at the time I'm doing this video ePacket is no longer available.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00150-00040957-00041361": "Uh, but if it is available, when you're watching this video, please use E-Pack it it's, it's", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00151-00041361-00041494": "just cheaper and faster.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00152-00041494-00041913": "Now, once your item has shipped, you will receive an email from the manufacturer or", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00153-00041913-00042316": "distributor with all your tracking information, which you want to do is go over to your Shopify", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00154-00042316-00042738": "store and enter that information in so that your customer has that tracking information.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00155-00042738-00042894": "You don't have to worry about telling them about it.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00156-00042894-00043138": "They'll automatically see it in their order when they log in.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00157-00043138-00043513": "Now, the cool thing is like I told you, if you're using Oberlo, it will automatically", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00158-00043513-00043858": "put all that information in the order for you and you won't have to do it.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00159-00043858-00044003": "And that's what I would suggest you really did.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00160-00044003-00044113": "It's a whole lot easier.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00161-00044113-00044344": "Now, how do you handle refunds?", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00162-00044344-00044509": "Because they will happen no matter what.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00163-00044509-00045003": "Uh, and there's two reasons for refund either they didn't receive the product or it was", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00164-00045003-00045287": "damaged, um, or they didn't like the product.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00165-00045287-00045387": "Okay?", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00166-00045387-00045487": "It wasn't what they expected it to be.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00167-00045487-00045874": "Now, AliExpress will not allow you to return products.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00168-00045874-00045974": "I mean, it would be crazy.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00169-00045974-00046377": "It would be so expensive to send something back to China, especially inexpensive item.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00170-00046377-00046863": "So if it's a situation where they did not receive the product, you can use AliExpress", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00171-00046863-00047219": "buyer protection and let them know that this person did not receive the product.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00172-00047219-00047659": "And they'll probably refund your money if it's because they didn't like the product,", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00173-00047659-00047985": "something along those lines, it's probably your fault.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00174-00047985-00048361": "And it's your fault because they didn't get their expectations met.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00175-00048361-00048709": "What is your marketing saying to these people for this particular product?", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00176-00048709-00049069": "So even though you don't want to hear that, I would say you would want to re-examine your", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00177-00049069-00049511": "marketing efforts and see what you told the customer, see what you offered or else it's", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00178-00049511-00049896": "going to probably happen more and more often we have virtually no refunds.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00179-00049896-00050050": "I mean, it's just such a rarity.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00180-00050050-00050150": "We just never see it.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00181-00050150-00050459": "The only time we really have a refund is if a product is damaged.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00182-00050459-00050718": "Um, and then of course, you know, we have insurance for that.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00183-00050718-00050818": "So that's not a big deal.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00184-00050818-00051197": "Now, once you've identified a few products that are selling you're off and running, but", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00185-00051197-00051619": "you want to expand, you do not want to run your business with just having a few products.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00186-00051619-00051719": "You want to get more products.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00187-00051719-00051903": "And how do you find more products?", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00188-00051903-00052178": "You can find similar products in that niche.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00189-00052178-00052387": "That's a very important thing to think about.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00190-00052387-00052733": "You wanted to have products that are very similar to what you sold.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00191-00052733-00052982": "So let's say you're selling fishing rods.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00192-00052982-00053212": "Uh, the next thing you may want to look at is life vest.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00193-00053212-00053554": "So you may want to look at fishing hats or whatever it is that's going to compliment", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00194-00053554-00053664": "that other product.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00195-00053664-00053954": "The other thing you want to take note of is the seller.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00196-00053954-00054308": "If they're happy with products that are coming from a particular seller, go back to that", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00197-00054308-00054725": "seller and see what other products they have that may fit within that niche, because you've", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00198-00054725-00055135": "already got a proven seller that you know, will fulfill the orders and customers will", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00199-00055135-00055239": "be happy with it.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00200-00055239-00055375": "So you're going to want to use them again.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00201-00055375-00055788": "Now, the cool thing I like about Ali express is they've got a hundred million products.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00202-00055788-00055888": "Okay?", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00203-00055888-00056239": "So there's always another product you can sell in AliExpress.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00204-00056239-00056355": "There's so much data in there.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00205-00056355-00056455": "Now.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00206-00056455-00056739": "AliExpress has been around a long time and I know, years ago when they first showed", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00207-00056739-00056898": "up on the scene, there was a lot of problems.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00208-00056898-00057247": "It was a lot of bad sellers on there, but AliExpress was smart.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00209-00057247-00057413": "They started getting a rating system.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00210-00057413-00057820": "They started looking at their sellers and those who weren't performing, they either", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00211-00057820-00058101": "kicked them off the side or they got low ratings and nobody buys from them.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00212-00058101-00058562": "So nowadays you can pretty much rest assured the products that you buy on AliExpress", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00213-00058562-00059002": "provided you do it correctly, provided that you tell your customer all the things that", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00214-00059002-00059105": "they need to know.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00215-00059105-00059333": "And you're very accurate about your descriptions.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00216-00059333-00059473": "You're not going to have a problem.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00217-00059473-00059701": "The only problem you're going to have is time.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00218-00059701-00060066": "And as long as you let your customers know that it's going to take time for that product", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00219-00060066-00060166": "to get there.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00220-00060166-00060327": "There is going to be a long delay in time.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00221-00060327-00060435": "Then you won't have an issue.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00222-00060435-00060724": "Now, some of you at the will say, well, I won't be able to compete with Amazon because", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00223-00060724-00061139": "they ship overnight or they shipped the same day and I can't compete with that.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00224-00061139-00061282": "Then don't sell that same product.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00225-00061282-00061408": "Okay, don't do that.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00226-00061408-00061819": "My suggestion to you is to find unique products, products that are not on Amazon.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00227-00061819-00061985": "There's so many products on AliExpress.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00228-00061985-00062479": "As a matter of fact, new trends start on AliExpress and you can look at trending products", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00229-00062479-00062650": "on there and see what starting out.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00230-00062650-00062779": "You could try some of those in the store.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00231-00062779-00063292": "And the cool thing is, since it's so easy to integrate products with Oberlo and your", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00232-00063292-00063707": "store, let's say Shopify, you can test out a lot of products.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00233-00063707-00063980": "You can test out 50 or a hundred, a thousand different products.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00234-00063980-00064361": "And surely if you test out a hundred products, some of them are going to be good.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00235-00064361-00064473": "Some of them are going to work out.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00236-00064473-00064776": "Um, once you figure out the ones that work out, you can try to up your price, you can", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00237-00064776-00064903": "try to lower your price.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00238-00064903-00065291": "You can try to find that sweet spot of that particular product, and you can build your", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00239-00065291-00065408": "business with AliExpress.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00240-00065408-00065540": "I hope this helps you out.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00241-00065540-00065918": "I hope you kind of understand now how AliExpress works.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00242-00065918-00066255": "Like I said, if you didn't see the first video, you're going to want to go back to the first", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00243-00066255-00066623": "video and watch that one, um, that is going to lead you into this video.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00244-00066623-00066857": "And there is a link below to video one.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00245-00066857-00066973": "You want to check it out?", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00246-00066973-00067143": "Don't forget to subscribe if you haven't done.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00247-00067143-00067330": "So make sure you hit that subscribe button.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00248-00067330-00067595": "Don't forget to ring the bell, turned on all bill notifications.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00249-00067595-00068107": "So you're notified each and every time I go live and I do one of these videos or I upload", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00250-00068107-00068287": "a video, I'll also tell you about that too.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00251-00068287-00068387": "So that's pretty cool.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00252-00068387-00068606": "Um, give me a thumbs up, thumbs up.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00253-00068606-00068706": "Help a lot.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00254-00068706-00068806": "If you hit that thumbs up button down there.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00255-00068806-00068968": "I'll give you a second now.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00256-00068968-00069068": "Go ahead.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00257-00069068-00069200": "Did you get it good.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00258-00069200-00069300": "Thanks so much.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00259-00069300-00069400": "I really appreciate it.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00260-00069400-00069764": "If you have any comments about AliExpress or drop shipping or making money online, or", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00261-00069764-00070107": "you just want to tell me your story, put it in the comments below.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00262-00070107-00070260": "I love to hear your information.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00263-00070260-00070413": "I love to see your questions.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00264-00070413-00070548": "I love to talk to you guys.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00265-00070548-00070671": "Thank you so much for watching this video.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00266-00070671-00070771": "I appreciate it.", "bVpBRJ_XDlU-00267-00070771-00072343": "And I'll see you in the next one."}}, {"audio_id": "bVtxarEzYp0", "text": {"bVtxarEzYp0-00000-00000706-00000806": "Music plays", "bVtxarEzYp0-00001-00002051-00002332": "Hey y'all, Hey y'all welcome back"}}, {"audio_id": "bVI9dHkc5tc", "text": {"bVI9dHkc5tc-00000-00000016-00000448": "one of the biggest art movements in the history of man is unfolding as we", "bVI9dHkc5tc-00001-00000448-00001040": "speak follow me along with a bunch of other amazing tattoo artists into the metaverse", "bVI9dHkc5tc-00002-00003024-00003311": "one of our art universe pass-holders and come with", "bVI9dHkc5tc-00003-00003311-00004424": "us into the nft space where we plan to make some stinking noise", "bVI9dHkc5tc-00004-00004424-00005784": "i'm proud to invite you to come see what we can do together in the world of digital art and nfc", "bVI9dHkc5tc-00005-00005944-00005952": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "bW8EhLA7qsE", "text": {"bW8EhLA7qsE-00000-00000000-00000500": "Where do exceptions fit into the Java class hierarchy?", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00001-00000500-00000833": "All exceptions are subclasses of", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00002-00000833-00001033": "the Throwable class.", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00003-00001085-00001425": "One of its subclasses is Error,", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00004-00001425-00001678": "which represents system errors", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00005-00001678-00001968": "like these.", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00006-00001968-00002252": "If you ever get a LinkageError", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00007-00002252-00002418": "or VirtualMachineError,", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00008-00002418-00002636": "it means the system has some serious", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00009-00002636-00002836": "problems, and your best bet is", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00010-00002836-00003036": "to terminate the program as gracefully", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00011-00003036-00003236": "and qucikly as possible.", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00012-00003236-00003513": "As a side note, I’ve been programming in", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00013-00003513-00003713": "Java for many years, and have", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00014-00003713-00003913": "never encountered one of these.", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00015-00003913-00004204": "The other more common subclass of", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00016-00004204-00004404": "Throwable is Exception.", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00017-00004520-00004888": "Most of the errors you’ve encountered this semester", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00018-00004888-00005088": "are almost certainly subclasses", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00019-00005088-00005288": "of RuntimeException.", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00020-00005333-00005670": "ArithmeticException is for things like", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00021-00005670-00005870": "division by zero,", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00022-00005870-00006133": "NullPointerExceptions", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00023-00006133-00006333": "occur when you try to use an object", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00024-00006333-00006533": "that doesn’t refernce anything,", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00025-00006544-00006859": "An IndexOutOfBoundsException happens", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00026-00006859-00007059": "if you attempt to access elements", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00027-00007059-00007259": "outside the bounds of an array,", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00028-00007325-00007576": "and IllegalArgumentExceptions", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00029-00007576-00007776": "occur if you pass arguments to a", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00030-00007776-00007976": "method that it can’t work with.", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00031-00007976-00008218": "All of these are called", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00032-00008218-00008418": "unchecked exceptions.", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00033-00008418-00008618": "You can catch them,", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00034-00008618-00008893": "but the compiler won’t insist that you do.", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00035-00008893-00009093": "This is a good thing;", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00036-00009093-00009293": "otherwise, you would have to put a", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00037-00009293-00009464": "try/catch block around every", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00038-00009464-00009837": "integer division and every array access in your programs.", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00039-00009837-00010165": "There are, however, exceptions that", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00040-00010165-00010412": "you must handle within your program.", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00041-00010412-00010724": "These are called checked exceptions.", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00042-00010724-00010924": "If you use a method", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00043-00010924-00011201": "that could throw a ClassNotFoundException", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00044-00011201-00011366": "or IoException,", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00045-00011366-00011650": "The compiler will insist that you deal with it,", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00046-00011650-00011810": "either by catching it", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00047-00011810-00012102": "or throwing it to the method that called your method.", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00048-00012102-00012541": "We’ll be seeing IOException a lot", "bW8EhLA7qsE-00049-00012541-00012968": "when we talk about files later in this chapter."}}, {"audio_id": "bWkjUHZfyqu", "text": {"bWkjUHZfyqu-00000-00001201-00001551": "Plagiarism is a significant and serious issue.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00001-00001551-00001921": "And so you have to be-- I was naive to that the beginning.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00002-00001921-00002115": "I wasn't all that careful about-- I wasn't thinking.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00003-00002115-00002198": "I don't know.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00004-00002238-00002389": "I thought that students had a higher ethical code", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00005-00002389-00002519": "than perhaps they do.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00006-00002522-00002685": "Or maybe the computer age has made", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00007-00002685-00002899": "people think it's so easy to cheat that they just", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00008-00002899-00003059": "do more frequently.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00009-00003059-00003283": "But I have found cheatingg-- It's not", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00010-00003283-00003513": "absent in all classes-- but I would", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00011-00003513-00003770": "say I have had it more frequently in online classes.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00012-00003770-00004050": "And so you have to be very kind of savvy-- well, no.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00013-00004050-00004140": "That's not right.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00014-00004140-00004280": "You have to be on top of it.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00015-00004280-00004527": "You don't do that savvy because most people who cheat", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00016-00004527-00004697": "are not all that intelligent.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00017-00004697-00004911": "And they don't really know how to really fool you", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00018-00004911-00005018": "if you are watching for it.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00019-00005018-00005238": "They think you don't know about tools", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00020-00005238-00005535": "that you can use to detect it.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00021-00005535-00005635": "But I would say that you do have to be--", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00022-00005635-00005735": "well you have to decide.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00023-00005779-00005862": "If you don't care and you just want to let it go, and you say,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00024-00005862-00006052": "Oh well, that's their problem.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00025-00006052-00006216": "Then that's an OK way to handle it.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00026-00006216-00006376": "That isn't the way that I like to handle it,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00027-00006376-00006586": "because I'm kind of a zero-tolerance person.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00028-00006586-00006880": "When I first did,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00029-00006880-00007257": "I would say cheating, not being able to be", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00030-00007257-00007607": "assured that the person on the other side is doing the work.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00031-00007607-00007917": "But, you know, that is not the way", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00032-00007917-00008081": "it is anymore with me, because of the fact", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00033-00008081-00008341": "that I haven't seen it yet.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00034-00008341-00008842": "And even like the quizzes, when I give quizzes to the students,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00035-00008842-00009015": "the averages are the same as it was", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00036-00009015-00009149": "when I was doing the quizzes in the classroom.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00037-00009149-00009519": "So I haven't really-- all those fears have been", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00038-00009519-00009899": "really dispelled, I will say.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00039-00009899-00010160": "After a while, you get to learn a person's writing abilities,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00040-00010160-00010283": "I should say, so when you're reading,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00041-00010283-00010447": "you could tell it's been written by them.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00042-00010447-00010637": "You can learn how to do that after a while.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00043-00010637-00010860": "Oh, well, you can't do academic integrity.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00044-00010860-00011037": "Well, my answer to them is well, OK, you", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00045-00011037-00011177": "can't do academic integrity.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00046-00011177-00011247": "Sure, you can.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00047-00011274-00011394": "You can't do it in your lab class.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00048-00011394-00011658": "How do you know that the lab reports", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00049-00011658-00011835": "are written by the student who's supposed to be writing them?", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00050-00011835-00012118": "How do you know that the student taking the exam-- I mean,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00051-00012118-00012509": "if they can change a driver's license, trust me,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00052-00012509-00012592": "they can do it with their ID.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00053-00012592-00012829": "So how do you know?", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00054-00012829-00013203": "So we put in just as many good checks", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00055-00013203-00013309": "on the academic integrity side.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00056-00013319-00013630": "In fact, we run everything through SafeAssign,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00057-00013630-00013900": "and we keep them for years, putting them", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00058-00013900-00014164": "into the same database.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00059-00014164-00014561": "Our exams are all proctored, even on the online side.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00060-00014561-00015041": "So we do as well as we can to keep a rigorous course.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00061-00015041-00015295": "In fact, some people have said that all my classes", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00062-00015295-00015522": "are actually more rigorous.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00063-00015522-00015675": "But that's why the students learn more, though,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00064-00015675-00015915": "because they are engaged in the material more.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00065-00015915-00016332": "I never give the same essay topic--", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00066-00016332-00016569": "let's say I probably have to wait", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00067-00016569-00016756": "at least three years before I can use the same essay", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00068-00016756-00016930": "topic over again.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00069-00016930-00017157": "Maybe even more than three years.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00070-00017157-00017333": "And that doesn't completely prevent it,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00071-00017333-00017567": "because students will hand in an essay that", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00072-00017567-00017747": "doesn't answer the question.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00073-00017747-00017867": "And they think that you won't notice", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00074-00017867-00018041": "because I think they think faculty don't read them.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00075-00018041-00018328": "I don't use any of the tools like Safe Assign,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00076-00018328-00018475": "which are provided to us.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00077-00018475-00018691": "I don't use anything like that.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00078-00018691-00019038": "I save all essays in folders, electronic folders.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00079-00019038-00019769": "And I change the reading, not every single year,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00080-00019769-00020026": "but let's say every other year, every third year.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00081-00020026-00020326": "So that I can see from the references,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00082-00020326-00020470": "if that's a book that I assigned four years ago,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00083-00020470-00020653": "this is probably a plagiarized essay.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00084-00020653-00020824": "I have very specific guidelines.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00085-00020824-00021074": "And in fact, this is a change that I'm not happy about,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00086-00021074-00021321": "but I have made it and I'm at peace with it.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00087-00021321-00021534": "And it's that I have really strict guidelines.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00088-00021534-00021651": "And if I see that they have been violated,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00089-00021651-00021865": "that immediately is a plagiarism flag.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00090-00021865-00022008": "So if you haven't used the reading,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00091-00022008-00022255": "you haven't used the articles, you haven't used that book,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00092-00022255-00022412": "you haven't used that resource, that", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00093-00022412-00022565": "basically means you probably bought", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00094-00022565-00022669": "this article from somewhere.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00095-00022695-00022849": "I don't like that because I like freedom in learning.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00096-00022849-00023109": "And so that's not something I am crazy about.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00097-00023109-00023373": "But you have to do what you have to do.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00098-00023373-00023666": "You tell a group of students, OK, I want all of you", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00099-00023666-00024314": "to read chapters four, five, and six, and be ready next week.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00100-00024314-00024567": "And then you go into the classroom,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00101-00024567-00024657": "and you can tell right away who's read chapters three,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00102-00024657-00024968": "four, and six, whatever it.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00103-00024968-00025265": "But when you do it online, and then you require them to post--", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00104-00025265-00025512": "You know.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00105-00025512-00025665": "You know that they've read it now.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00106-00025665-00025942": "And you have to be very firm with them", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00107-00025942-00026216": "that you'll be reading them all.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00108-00026216-00026653": "I think that's the part that is something I would stress anyone", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00109-00026653-00026976": "doing this is that read it all.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00110-00026976-00027233": "Just don't, eh, give that a whenever, give this.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00111-00027233-00027564": "You really need to, as the teacher,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00112-00027564-00027570": "and make sure that they're honestly been sent", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00113-00027677-00027967": "and make sure that they're honestly been sent", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00114-00027967-00028094": "in as an independent person.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00115-00028094-00028378": "So that, you could tell when it's been done as a group", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00116-00028378-00028404": "after a while.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00117-00028435-00028448": "And I've had that.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00118-00028538-00028788": "So then, I will then chew them all out.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00119-00028788-00029162": "Say, this happens again, you're all failing.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00120-00029162-00029265": "And it never happens again.", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00121-00029282-00029589": "So it's something that I think is very important,", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00122-00029589-00029739": "is the students will only take it", "bWkjUHZfyqu-00123-00029739-00029843": "as serious as a teacher does."}}, {"audio_id": "bWkUMSKUJk4", "text": {"bWkUMSKUJk4-00000-00001517-00001636": "Shera Radhuni 1424", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00001-00001853-00001953": "Subscribe 1st My Channel", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00003-00002985-00003083": "Please Subscribe 1st My Channel", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00004-00003083-00003277": "and Gate Now More Videos", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00007-00004179-00004440": "Subscribe 1st My Channel", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00009-00004746-00005003": "Tips & Tricks for kuchen", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00012-00005635-00005735": "Subscribe 1st My Channel", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00014-00005970-00006103": "funny moments", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00016-00006421-00006740": "Ready to...", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00020-00007727-00008012": "Subscribe 1st My Channel", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00024-00013409-00013509": "Subscribe 1st My Channel", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00026-00015142-00015353": "Subscribe 1st My Channel", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00028-00015708-00015822": "Subscribe 1st My Channel", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00030-00016137-00016414": "Subscribe 1st My Channel", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00032-00016606-00016854": "Subscribe 1st My Channel", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00058-00024324-00024673": "Subscribe 1st My Channel", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00658-00270383-00270710": "Subscribe 1st My Channel", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00660-00270829-00270933": "Subscribe 1st My Channel", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00661-00270933-00271201": "Subscribe 1st My Channel", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00828-00319991-00320133": "Subscribe 1st My Channel", "bWkUMSKUJk4-00829-00320248-00320389": "Thanks for Watching Video..."}}, {"audio_id": "bWwEjWdxYI8", "text": {"bWwEjWdxYI8-00000-00023289-00023489": "Free GUTS Sales Book www.claudediamond.com"}}, {"audio_id": "bW-MmiOZTTo", "text": {"bW-MmiOZTTo-00000-00000543-00000643": "Hello.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00001-00000643-00000882": "I'm Ruby Jones.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00002-00000882-00001134": "And I'm Mike Procter.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00003-00001134-00001434": "Welcome to Spotlight.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00004-00001435-00001951": "This programme uses a special English method of broadcasting.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00005-00001951-00003529": "It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00006-00003529-00004355": "Anyone learning a new language will know the value of a good dictionary!", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00007-00004355-00005126": "This word book is helpful in understanding the meaning of words.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00008-00005126-00005780": "Dictionaries can show people how and when to use words properly.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00009-00005780-00006550": "Often, language students will carry a small dictionary with them all the time.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00010-00006550-00007458": "Or, they will keep a larger copy at home to help them with their studies.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00011-00007458-00009475": "But imagine having a dictionary made up of 20 separate books - and weighing 62 kilogrammes!", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00012-00009475-00010350": "That is the size and weight of the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00013-00010350-00011377": "Experts consider the OED to be the highest authority on the meaning and pronunciation", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00014-00011377-00011709": "of the English language.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00015-00011709-00012275": "In an earlier Spotlight programme, we told the story of Ammon Shea.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00016-00012275-00012859": "Shea is a man from New York.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00017-00012859-00014120": "He spent a whole year reading the OED from beginning to end!", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00018-00014120-00015451": "Our programme also described how the dictionary project began in 1879.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00019-00015451-00016448": "James Murray was the man responsible for gathering information for the first version of the dictionary.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00020-00016448-00017238": "He planned to include the history and meanings of a huge number of words.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00021-00017238-00018215": "That is, all the words in the English language from the 12th century to the modern day!", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00022-00018215-00018563": "This was a very slow job.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00023-00018563-00019162": "So, Murray gathered a large team of helpers.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00024-00019162-00019757": "Their aim was to finish the dictionary within ten years.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00025-00019757-00020640": "However, after five years the team was still working on the letter ‘a'!", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00026-00020640-00021337": "Murray then understood that he needed more helpers.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00027-00021337-00021754": "And so, he published a public notice.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00028-00021754-00022063": "It said:", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00029-00022063-00022826": "\"An appeal to the English-speaking and English-reading public!", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00030-00022826-00023570": "To read books and make copies for the new English Dictionary!", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00031-00023570-00024287": "... We want a thousand readers - and we are sure that we will get them.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00032-00024287-00025058": "They will help towards completing the work within the next three years.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00033-00025058-00026317": "They will help us gather all the information we need to prepare the Dictionary.\"", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00034-00026317-00027261": "So, how exactly did these readers help?", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00035-00027261-00027930": "First, each reader chose particular words to research.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00036-00027930-00028512": "The readers then read both ancient and modern books.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00037-00028512-00028787": "As they read, they searched.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00038-00028787-00029250": "They searched for useful quotations.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00039-00029250-00029986": "Each quotation was a sentence that used one of their chosen words.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00040-00029986-00030758": "The quotation showed how the book's writer used that particular word.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00041-00030758-00031505": "For each word, the readers wrote the name of the book and the quotation on a piece of", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00042-00031505-00031705": "paper.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00043-00031705-00032394": "The readers then sent these pieces of paper to the research team.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00044-00032394-00033059": "The researchers received about a million of these quotations!", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00045-00033059-00033534": "And they developed a method of organizing them all.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00046-00033534-00034430": "They placed them in alphabetical order depending on the word they explained.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00047-00034430-00035266": "This meant that Murray and his team could see how the people's use of a word changed", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00048-00035266-00035822": "over time.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00049-00035822-00036631": "James Murray noticed that one man in particular was very helpful.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00050-00036631-00037406": "Over some years this man sent thousands of quotes to the dictionary team.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00051-00037406-00037769": "His name was William Minor.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00052-00037769-00038499": "He became involved in the dictionary research in an unusual way.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00053-00038499-00039034": "Marina Santee tells us his story.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00054-00039034-00039537": "Doctor William Minor was from the United States.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00055-00039537-00040222": "He had served as a military doctor in the American civil war.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00056-00040222-00040787": "He saw terrible events during that time.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00057-00040787-00041591": "And they deeply affected his mental health.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00058-00041591-00042391": "His family sent him to London to recover - far from the memories of war.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00059-00042391-00043388": "But, Doctor Minor still continued to suffer from periods of great mental confusion.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00060-00043388-00044063": "He did not know what was real and what was imaginary.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00061-00044063-00044974": "During one of these times, Minor shot and killed a man.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00062-00044974-00045674": "So, the authorities put him in a prison for insane criminals.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00063-00045674-00046522": "While he was in prison, Minor read about Murray's appeal for help.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00064-00046522-00047338": "So, he began to put together a long list of quotations.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00065-00047338-00048102": "He sent this list to Murray - and many more lists after that.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00066-00048102-00048849": "Minor did not tell Murray that he was writing from prison.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00067-00048849-00049624": "And it was not until many years later that Murray discovered the truth about his faithful", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00068-00049624-00049786": "helper!", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00069-00049786-00050300": "Murray went to visit Minor in prison.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00070-00050300-00050681": "And the two men became friends.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00071-00050681-00051632": "In 1910, the British government permitted Minor to return to his family in America.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00072-00051632-00052844": "And Murray gave Minor a present to take with him - the first 6 completed books of the new", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00073-00052844-00053036": "dictionary!", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00074-00053036-00053851": "People can still see the results of Minor's work printed on the pages of the OED today.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00075-00053851-00055129": "The", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00076-00055129-00055822": "complete OED was first published in 1928.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00077-00055822-00056438": "Since then, the English language has continued to develop.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00078-00056438-00057225": "So the publishers have continued to make changes to the OED.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00079-00057225-00058104": "They planned to publish a complete second version by 1989.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00080-00058104-00059094": "They wanted to offer not only a printed book - but a version for computers too!", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00081-00059094-00060136": "A huge group of workers gathered together: project leaders, word experts, computer engineers.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00082-00060136-00061000": "120 people entered all the existing written information into computers.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00083-00061000-00061845": "They also had to include 5000 new words and meanings!", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00084-00061845-00062545": "50 readers searched every computer file for mistakes.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00085-00062545-00063011": "The chief dictionary editor is John Simpson.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00086-00063011-00063504": "He organized a team of word experts.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00087-00063504-00064257": "They examined the computer version of the OED word by word.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00088-00064257-00065166": "And, thanks to an army of workers and modern technology, the second edition appeared on", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00089-00065166-00065266": "time!", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00090-00065266-00066308": "The Oxford English Dictionary marked its 80th year in 2008.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00091-00066308-00066738": "It exists as a 20-part book.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00092-00066738-00067714": "But you can also buy a CD version - and you can visit the OED website online.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00093-00067714-00068785": "All through the dictionary's history, the OED editors have known that people have been", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00094-00068785-00069126": "their main resource.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00095-00069126-00069499": "That is still true today.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00096-00069499-00069814": "John Simpson says:", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00097-00069814-00070731": "\"There is no longer one English - there are many Englishes.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00098-00070731-00071570": "Words are flooding into the language from all corners of the world.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00099-00071570-00072616": "Only a dictionary the size of the OED can really capture the true richness of the English", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00100-00072616-00072854": "language...", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00101-00072854-00073956": "We now have an online edition - and I would be very happy to have many new readers helping", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00102-00073956-00075051": "us to map the past, the present and the future of English.\"", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00103-00075051-00076456": "Today, the OED has a webpage that invites people to send in new English words that they", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00104-00076456-00077077": "have found - or new meanings for old words.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00105-00077077-00078323": "You can find a link to that page on the Spotlight website, www.radioenglish.net.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00106-00078323-00078749": "Look for the script page of this programme.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00107-00078749-00080738": "It is called ‘Words, More Words'.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00108-00080738-00081350": "The writer and producer of today's programme was Ruby Jones.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00109-00081350-00081766": "The voices you heard were from the United Kingdom.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00110-00081766-00082232": "All quotes were adapted and voiced by Spotlight.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00111-00082232-00083107": "You are always welcome to email Spotlight at radio@radioenglish.net.", "bW-MmiOZTTo-00112-00083107-00083386": "Thank you for listening today, goodbye."}}, {"audio_id": "bWJyRIRQ1M0", "text": {"bWJyRIRQ1M0-00000-00000950-00001050": "Good morning", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00001-00001050-00001590": "Hi my name's Dave with Trax and if you own a retail", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00002-00001590-00002036": "store or know someone that owns a retail store I'm going to show you how", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00003-00002036-00002807": "measuring your customer traffic will guarantee a minimum of a 15% increase in sales...", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00004-00002808-00003098": "... so that's my challenge", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00005-00003110-00003302": "the bottom line is if if you can measure something", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00006-00003303-00003903": "you can improve it and what we do is we found a way to very accurately measure", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00007-00003903-00004378": "your actual customer traffic through any retail store", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00008-00004378-00004581": "so as you can see here", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00009-00004581-00005006": "we've got two lines we set up one on the threshold", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00010-00005006-00005169": "that's the trigger line when", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00011-00005169-00005754": "someone walks through that line it activates the system and it can tell", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00012-00005754-00006240": "which way they're going when they walk in they're counted but the system also", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00013-00006240-00006698": "has a four second delay so if there's a husband wife and three children it's one", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00014-00006698-00007157": "buying opportunity that's how we count it when they're leaving they'll trip the", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00015-00007157-00007514": "inside line first and that tells the microprocessor to make them invisible and", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00016-00007514-00007917": "they're not counted and then we also know that every retail store out there", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00017-00007917-00008264": "gets a very high percentage of non customer activity: The mailman,", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00018-00008264-00008736": "the UPS driver,  employees that leave and come back for lunch so we remove that", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00019-00008738-00009524": "automatically from the system so what you have is a series of 30 different", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00020-00009524-00010037": "reports that are really astounding when when you look", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00021-00010037-00010650": "at the big picture but what we're able to do here as you can see count each and", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00022-00010650-00011050": "every individual opportunity that comes in", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00023-00011050-00011234": "you can see down here in the bottom", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00024-00011234-00011688": "enter a couple became in but you can also very easily spot is it a", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00025-00011690-00012176": "salesperson, is it the mailman, is it the UPS driver and we can remove those", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00026-00012176-00012544": "non-customer counts one or two ways we can even set up an automatic removal of a", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00027-00012544-00013022": "percentage or you can select those with a  single click and remove those non", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00028-00013022-00013384": "customer counts so for the first time in retail history you're going to have", "bWJyRIRQ1M0-00029-00013384-00013760": "nearly a 100% accurate incoming customer traffic count."}}, {"audio_id": "bWcxcgrTh5M", "text": {"bWcxcgrTh5M-00000-00000000-00000344": "SML Movie: Black Yoshi's Koolaid Problem Reaction"}}, {"audio_id": "bX0ARlStYn0", "text": {"bX0ARlStYn0-00000-00000000-00000280": "The best tip would be you need to look at", "bX0ARlStYn0-00001-00000280-00000592": "what your country is really in need of,", "bX0ARlStYn0-00002-00000592-00000880": "and that's where the focus should be.", "bX0ARlStYn0-00003-00000880-00001352": "Prepare your proposal carefully, with a lot of thought,", "bX0ARlStYn0-00004-00001352-00001472": "and be confident.", "bX0ARlStYn0-00005-00001472-00001952": "To get in this course, it's more about how you translate your dream", "bX0ARlStYn0-00006-00001952-00002272": "into the real works that you want to pursue.", "bX0ARlStYn0-00007-00002272-00002592": "Ask yourself what you are passionate about,", "bX0ARlStYn0-00008-00002592-00002916": "and make sure you show the interviewer", "bX0ARlStYn0-00009-00002916-00003120": "that you really are into this issue", "bX0ARlStYn0-00010-00003120-00003300": "and that you're ready to change the world.", "bX0ARlStYn0-00011-00003300-00003724": "They should approach the award with a mindset of coming to contribute,", "bX0ARlStYn0-00012-00003724-00003984": "coming to solve problems in the community.", "bX0ARlStYn0-00013-00003984-00004492": "Try and try, because you will never know if you never try.", "bX0ARlStYn0-00014-00004492-00004764": "So, sometimes it can be hard to leave your country,", "bX0ARlStYn0-00015-00004764-00005120": "but it's for sure the best decision you can do,", "bX0ARlStYn0-00016-00005120-00005584": "because the scholarships have a lot to offer you."}}, {"audio_id": "bXlKHjjxG2U", "text": {"bXlKHjjxG2U-00000-00001138-00003204": "The X Factor winner has found herself in the bottom two twice, as viewers branded her 'fake'. Peter Andre recently defended the Hallelujah singer after she was subjected to more speculation over a 'feud' with dance partner Gorka Marquez - over his 'growing friendship' with Gemma Atkinson.", "bXlKHjjxG2U-00001-00003354-00004448": "And, while the 29 year old has kept quiet over the reaction, Ore Oduba appeared to speak out against the 'shameful' backlash'.", "bXlKHjjxG2U-00002-00004598-00005940": "Taking to  the BBC host, who won last year's Strictly Come Dancing series, shared a message with his 46.6k followers, blasting the reports.", "bXlKHjjxG2U-00003-00006090-00007343": "'It's really sad I feel I have to write anything but, like Strictly's millions of fans, I love with show way too much I had to say something,' he began.", "bXlKHjjxG2U-00004-00007493-00008883": "'I genuinely cannot believe some of the articles, comments and messages I've read, targeting certain members of this year's cast. It's hurtful and to be honest it's shameful.", "bXlKHjjxG2U-00005-00009033-00010264": "'How can a show that is unique in how it spreads joy, brings people together and celebrates a beautiful art produce so much bile and vitriol towards anyone?'", "bXlKHjjxG2U-00006-00010414-00011672": "He continued: 'Strictly has always had the power to spark a national conversation. I love that. It's a programme so dear to so many hearts.", "bXlKHjjxG2U-00007-00011822-00013000": "'But that ownership doesn't entitle us to abuse it or forget that every week people are giving their all for our entertainment and that there are real emotions at stake.", "bXlKHjjxG2U-00008-00013150-00014547": "'Even a positive force of nature like Strictly can't protect against all of the ugliness that's being thrown around. In the end it takes its toll on the whole team, not just a few people.'", "bXlKHjjxG2U-00009-00014697-00017095": "Ore completed his message by urging viewers not to ruin the show, and enjoy every minute of the remaining episodes. 'Let's not spoil it for anyone, or everyone,' he added. 'I'm writing as a Strictly fan, but I know how - especially at this stage - it should be the experience of a lifetime. So enjoy it!!", "bXlKHjjxG2U-00010-00017245-00019431": "'Strictly has the best, most supportive fans around. Let's keep it that way. Keep dancing.' Alexandra will be taking on Mollie King, Gemma Atkinson, Debbie McGee and Joe McFadden in the semi final, on December 9, at 6pm, on BBC1."}}, {"audio_id": "bXwVHAShLKo", "text": {"bXwVHAShLKo-00000-00002759-00003145": "Sabaidee, we are going to Luang Prabang", "bXwVHAShLKo-00001-00003145-00003223": "in Laos", "bXwVHAShLKo-00002-00003223-00003835": "right now we have to take a shuttle bus to the runway", "bXwVHAShLKo-00003-00005246-00005666": "we are flying above Luang Prabang", "bXwVHAShLKo-00004-00005725-00006015": "Laos is landlocked country", "bXwVHAShLKo-00005-00006061-00006276": "we can see a river down there also", "bXwVHAShLKo-00006-00006404-00006531": "There are 2 main river here which is", "bXwVHAShLKo-00007-00006562-00006743": "Mekong  river and Nam Khan river", "bXwVHAShLKo-00008-00009905-00010161": "we are heading to a hotel", "bXwVHAShLKo-00009-00010240-00010540": "There are around 58 villages in Luang Prabang", "bXwVHAShLKo-00010-00010553-00011029": "For 33 villages was preserved by UNESCO", "bXwVHAShLKo-00011-00011092-00011312": "or World Heritage Sites", "bXwVHAShLKo-00012-00011363-00011566": "Its was preserved since 1995", "bXwVHAShLKo-00013-00011717-00012095": "Natural and culture heritage have been preserved", "bXwVHAShLKo-00014-00012327-00012613": "after the long day, let's have some meal", "bXwVHAShLKo-00015-00012635-00012753": "we're having Laos food", "bXwVHAShLKo-00016-00012858-00013091": "This is spring roll, look similar to thai spring roll", "bXwVHAShLKo-00017-00013158-00013500": "Here is fish soup, and the fish is from Mekong river", "bXwVHAShLKo-00018-00013609-00013840": "and the stir fried mix vegetable", "bXwVHAShLKo-00019-00014203-00014364": "and of course ... soft drink.", "bXwVHAShLKo-00020-00014400-00014862": "Tomorrow we're going to give you a tour, stay tuned!", "bXwVHAShLKo-00021-00016757-00017235": "we left our van in a parking lot empty parking lot", "bXwVHAShLKo-00022-00017347-00017711": "from there...because it's quite a long way up", "bXwVHAShLKo-00023-00017724-00018000": "you would get a free ride in electric car", "bXwVHAShLKo-00024-00018048-00018419": "No, technically we paid for the ticket", "bXwVHAShLKo-00025-00018439-00018648": "Yeah, It comes with the ticket price", "bXwVHAShLKo-00026-00018657-00018883": "which was... how much was it?", "bXwVHAShLKo-00027-00018883-00019124": "25 kip 25,000 kip", "bXwVHAShLKo-00028-00019124-00019728": "25,000 kip which is not expensive.", "bXwVHAShLKo-00029-00019746-00020051": "anyway, we're probably the only tourists up here", "bXwVHAShLKo-00030-00020109-00020568": "and it is very cold. We are up about 1,000ft", "bXwVHAShLKo-00031-00020789-00021248": "I would say to anybody, you might wanna check the weather condition before you come up here", "bXwVHAShLKo-00032-00021275-00021683": "Cause we've kind of been through the northern of Thailand", "bXwVHAShLKo-00033-00021779-00021829": "anyway, we will see the waterfall  here shortly", "bXwVHAShLKo-00034-00023797-00024145": "This is interesting. It's sort of fan.. I'm not sure what is it.", "bXwVHAShLKo-00035-00024159-00024698": "To keep the fly away or keep the heat nice and executed", "bXwVHAShLKo-00036-00026926-00027132": "right now we are at Kwang Xi waterfall,", "bXwVHAShLKo-00037-00027146-00027467": "one of the most beautiful waterfall in Luang Prabang", "bXwVHAShLKo-00038-00027582-00027939": "so we show the ticket at entrance and let's walk inside.", "bXwVHAShLKo-00039-00030308-00030784": "we are going trough walking trail", "bXwVHAShLKo-00040-00030836-00031239": "This waterfall was supported by many organization.", "bXwVHAShLKo-00041-00031302-00031635": "such as Australian Embassy", "bXwVHAShLKo-00042-00031729-00031824": "American Embassy", "bXwVHAShLKo-00043-00031908-00032433": "Free the Bear, etc.", "bXwVHAShLKo-00044-00035787-00036000": "This is a huge banyan tree", "bXwVHAShLKo-00045-00036139-00036451": "This almost looks like something out of Avatar", "bXwVHAShLKo-00046-00038259-00038527": "It's kind of exciting. We were told that", "bXwVHAShLKo-00047-00038613-00038700": "(before we left)", "bXwVHAShLKo-00048-00038750-00039007": "that the waterfall we were gonna see were...", "bXwVHAShLKo-00049-00039016-00039081": "Dry", "bXwVHAShLKo-00050-00039081-00039300": "Cause it's kind of the dry season but", "bXwVHAShLKo-00051-00039355-00039600": "they told us to come up to here to", "bXwVHAShLKo-00052-00039650-00039834": "this other waterfall, and we...", "bXwVHAShLKo-00053-00039917-00040089": "don't know what we're gonna see", "bXwVHAShLKo-00054-00040159-00040329": "except not too many tourists", "bXwVHAShLKo-00055-00053205-00053617": "That was a couple of bear that were rescued by this national park", "bXwVHAShLKo-00056-00053635-00053938": "and try to conserve them from extinction", "bXwVHAShLKo-00057-00054000-00054636": "here are a various of bear's skulls depending on their species.", "bXwVHAShLKo-00058-00061598-00061996": "after walking for awhile, we're now at the Kwang Xi waterfall", "bXwVHAShLKo-00059-00062042-00062242": "right now is 8 o'clock", "bXwVHAShLKo-00060-00062242-00062539": "we're only the first tourist that arrived.", "bXwVHAShLKo-00061-00062539-00062724": "very quiet and peaceful", "bXwVHAShLKo-00062-00067053-00067300": "Alright, now we are at an elephant camp", "bXwVHAShLKo-00063-00067473-00067948": "there are so many activities to do such as", "bXwVHAShLKo-00064-00067964-00068321": "feeding elephant, bathing elephant or", "bXwVHAShLKo-00065-00068443-00068757": "feeding rabbits", "bXwVHAShLKo-00066-00068981-00069205": "and this is me feeding an elephant", "bXwVHAShLKo-00067-00069229-00069421": "This is a speedy one, eat so fast", "bXwVHAShLKo-00068-00069546-00069672": "he's grabbing a lot of banana", "bXwVHAShLKo-00069-00069697-00069747": "one", "bXwVHAShLKo-00070-00069760-00069810": "two", "bXwVHAShLKo-00071-00069810-00069999": "three of it", "bXwVHAShLKo-00072-00071066-00071183": "hi everybody", "bXwVHAShLKo-00073-00071183-00071363": "we just finished feeding those elephants", "bXwVHAShLKo-00074-00071372-00071531": "there are 6 of them here in total", "bXwVHAShLKo-00075-00071827-00072087": "and this zone is ..", "bXwVHAShLKo-00076-00072101-00072402": "stair for getting on the back of elephant", "bXwVHAShLKo-00077-00072445-00072860": "however, I suggest not to ride on the back of elephant", "bXwVHAShLKo-00078-00072873-00073313": "since riding them can cause long term injury to", "bXwVHAShLKo-00079-00073324-00073583": "their spine and  decrees breeding", "bXwVHAShLKo-00080-00078589-00078805": "here, this is we call elephant shopping mall", "bXwVHAShLKo-00081-00078868-00079218": "we have 250 hecter", "bXwVHAShLKo-00082-00079240-00079469": "that go free eat, do whatever they want", "bXwVHAShLKo-00083-00079559-00080055": "and him this guy is the future, master to", "bXwVHAShLKo-00084-00080055-00080273": "increases more babies. Make more babies", "bXwVHAShLKo-00085-00080281-00080350": "he is a boy", "bXwVHAShLKo-00086-00080400-00080610": "so our Mandalao concept,", "bXwVHAShLKo-00087-00080626-00080875": "we're gonna let them back into the wild", "bXwVHAShLKo-00088-00080896-00081143": "so this is our planning", "bXwVHAShLKo-00089-00081167-00081420": "so government supporting and", "bXwVHAShLKo-00090-00081437-00081711": "and many people helping this country", "bXwVHAShLKo-00091-00081774-00081983": "We are at Mandalao", "bXwVHAShLKo-00092-00081993-00082275": "which is elephant conservation", "bXwVHAShLKo-00093-00082286-00082575": "we are going to walk into the jungle with elephants", "bXwVHAShLKo-00094-00082586-00082792": "before that, we would make dessert for elephant", "bXwVHAShLKo-00095-00082800-00083176": "This is banana stuffed with salt, tamarind, and sticky rice.", "bXwVHAShLKo-00096-00083456-00083567": "after finished making dessert,", "bXwVHAShLKo-00097-00083575-00083729": "we're getting ready to go to jungle.", "bXwVHAShLKo-00098-00083740-00084052": "boots on, water packed and don't forget the dessert", "bXwVHAShLKo-00099-00088160-00088370": "African elephant have tooth, top and bottom", "bXwVHAShLKo-00100-00088442-00088552": "and the toe nail", "bXwVHAShLKo-00101-00088594-00088828": "African elephant have four in the front", "bXwVHAShLKo-00102-00088836-00089036": "three in the back", "bXwVHAShLKo-00103-00089047-00089287": "Asian have five in the font, four in the back", "bXwVHAShLKo-00104-00089296-00089347": "the toe nail", "bXwVHAShLKo-00105-00089400-00089735": "the meaning Asian elephant have more toenail more than in Africa", "bXwVHAShLKo-00106-00089768-00089970": "so Asia is a landlocked country", "bXwVHAShLKo-00107-00089970-00090221": "more mountain, more raining and more muddy", "bXwVHAShLKo-00108-00090333-00090860": "Currently, elephant in Laos is largely decreasing", "bXwVHAShLKo-00109-00090860-00091242": "the main factor is the lack of natural food supply", "bXwVHAShLKo-00110-00091242-00091442": "affect the living of elephant", "bXwVHAShLKo-00111-00091451-00091696": "moreover, using elephant to carry heavy weight", "bXwVHAShLKo-00112-00091735-00091922": "such as riding elephant with overweight,", "bXwVHAShLKo-00113-00091922-00092122": "killing elephant for ivory", "bXwVHAShLKo-00114-00092138-00092629": "or any activity that decrease elephant population", "bXwVHAShLKo-00115-00092629-00092829": "or can't breed", "bXwVHAShLKo-00116-00096600-00096869": "It's finally the last day in Luang Prabang", "bXwVHAShLKo-00117-00096900-00097371": "so we are taking you all to ride a boat along Khong river", "bXwVHAShLKo-00118-00097447-00097853": "This is the main river of local people here in Luang Prabang", "bXwVHAShLKo-00119-00097853-00098021": "they use water for any kind in their living", "bXwVHAShLKo-00120-00098021-00098151": "such as fishing", "bXwVHAShLKo-00121-00098151-00098529": "and daily basis", "bXwVHAShLKo-00122-00107072-00107584": "it's the evening now. Thank you all for watching until the end", "bXwVHAShLKo-00123-00107584-00107911": "where are we going for next trip, stay tuned and", "bXwVHAShLKo-00124-00107911-00108111": "we'll see you again Bye."}}, {"audio_id": "bXCTFk2fNZy", "text": {"bXCTFk2fNZy-00000-00000091-00000517": "Advice that I have for future Purdue engineering", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00001-00000517-00000859": "students is to have patience. There's so much", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00002-00000859-00001338": "to learn - enjoy learning it and just keep your", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00003-00001338-00001493": "head up looking around for all those", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00004-00001493-00001672": "opportunities because at Purdue, you'll find them.", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00005-00001730-00002118": "Regardless of your age - get a mentor.", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00006-00002118-00002414": "It is fundamental to our career,", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00007-00002414-00002698": "to our progression, to advise ideas,", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00008-00002698-00002915": "to improved outcomes", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00009-00002915-00003036": "by having a sounding board", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00010-00003036-00003144": "for the things that we do.", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00011-00003203-00003440": "My advice is to get involved.", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00012-00003440-00003666": "There are amazing opportunities here,", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00013-00003666-00003953": "and it all starts with you taking that first step.", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00014-00004016-00004500": "Ask your professors questions during class", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00015-00004500-00004696": "and after class. Some of the", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00016-00004696-00004871": "conversations I had outside of class", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00017-00004871-00005017": "were the most formative for me", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00018-00005017-00005180": "in terms of understanding", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00019-00005180-00005384": "where I might go in my future career.", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00020-00005451-00005651": "Take advantage of all of it, the", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00021-00005651-00005935": "coursework, the classwork. It's important", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00022-00005935-00006110": "to focus on it, work on your grades,", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00023-00006110-00006331": "but don't forget to take the opportunity", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00024-00006331-00006610": "for student organizations, for extracurricular", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00025-00006610-00006844": "activities that are going to give you", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00026-00006844-00007069": "those extra opportunities and memories", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00027-00007069-00007273": "that will go with you for the rest of your life.", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00028-00007336-00007553": "Advice for current and future Purdue Engineering", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00029-00007553-00007828": "students would include - absolutely go out,", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00030-00007828-00008066": "get that internship, participate in cooperative", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00031-00008066-00008312": "education - it really is good to see what's going", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00032-00008312-00008450": "on in the outside world", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00033-00008450-00008558": "before you complete your education.", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00034-00008633-00008737": "Advice I would recommend is", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00035-00008737-00008913": "always try to get as much hands-on experience", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00036-00008913-00009263": "as possible. When you graduate and you start", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00037-00009263-00009488": "working on systems - really, we want people", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00038-00009488-00009688": "that are comfortable working with hardware", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00039-00009688-00009855": "and you learn a lot when you develop", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00040-00009855-00010035": "hardware in terms of how to modify", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00041-00010035-00010206": "your engineering design principles", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00042-00010206-00010385": "in order to produce things that are", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00043-00010385-00010698": "manufacturable, and it can be much easier", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00044-00010698-00010902": "in order to solve the complex problems", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00045-00010902-00010960": "that we're asked to do.", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00046-00011023-00011365": "My advice to current and future Purdue students", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00047-00011365-00011686": "would be to seek out and say yes to", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00048-00011686-00011978": "new opportunities. Your coursework is very", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00049-00011978-00012620": "important, but you still should find new horizons,", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00050-00012620-00013050": "and explore things that you might not be aware of", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00051-00013050-00013509": "because they might show you new chances and", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00052-00013509-00013680": "new things you didn't even know existed.", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00053-00013730-00014218": "One advice that I would give is to try to take", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00054-00014218-00014501": "advantage of other opportunities that are here", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00055-00014501-00014894": "at Purdue, in addition to the academic activities -", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00056-00014894-00015156": "such as clubs, student organizations.", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00057-00015156-00015357": "I think those really serve to enrich", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00058-00015357-00015640": "the experience of students while they're here.", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00059-00015703-00015928": "Really also take the time to push your limits and", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00060-00015928-00016170": "get comfortable being uncomfortable.", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00061-00016170-00016462": "Because if you do that, you will never stop", "bXCTFk2fNZy-00062-00016462-00016670": "learning and you will go far in your career."}}, {"audio_id": "bXIvRtaHAFu", "text": {"bXIvRtaHAFu-00000-00000428-00000696": "- Hello, everyone, and welcome to today's webinar", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00001-00000696-00000938": "presented by the Learning Policy Institute,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00002-00000938-00001220": "New America, Education Policy Initiative", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00003-00001220-00001402": "at the University of Michigan.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00004-00001402-00001644": "I am Hanna Melnick, senior policy advisor", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00005-00001644-00001848": "at the Learning Policy Institute", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00006-00001848-00002146": "where I co-lead our early learning team.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00007-00002146-00002347": "We're really excited to be here with you today.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00008-00002347-00002524": "And before we kick off our webinar,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00009-00002524-00002828": "I'd like to start with some housekeeping.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00010-00002828-00003215": "Everyone except for our presenters has been muted.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00011-00003215-00003434": "We'll take questions through the Q&A button", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00012-00003434-00003628": "at the bottom of your screen.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00013-00003628-00003929": "If you may write in your questions at any time", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00014-00003929-00004083": "throughout today's webinars,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00015-00004083-00004238": "you'd like to engage in discussion,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00016-00004238-00004543": "please use the chat button at the bottom of your screen.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00017-00004543-00004748": "And if you have any technical difficulties", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00018-00004748-00004941": "please call Zoom support.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00019-00004941-00005141": "This webinar is being recorded.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00020-00005141-00005396": "The video recording will be emailed to you in a few days.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00021-00005396-00005597": "The slides are currently available in the link", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00022-00005597-00005697": "in the chat box.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00023-00005924-00006227": "For today's one hour, we have a very packed agenda.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00024-00006227-00006562": "We're gonna start with a welcome from Linda Darling-Hammond.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00025-00006562-00006725": "We'll move to opening remarks", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00026-00006725-00006993": "from members of Congress and the administration.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00027-00006993-00007130": "I'll give a brief presentation", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00028-00007130-00007359": "on the current ECE and landscape.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00029-00007359-00007503": "And then the bulk of our time today", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00030-00007503-00007946": "will be spent in panel discussion in Q&A before closing out.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00031-00007946-00008050": "So to kick us off,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00032-00008050-00008277": "I'd like to introduce Linda Darling-Hammond,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00033-00008277-00008577": "president and CEO of the Learning Policy Institute.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00034-00008720-00008861": "- Thank you so much, Hanna.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00035-00008861-00009053": "It is a pleasure to be here.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00036-00009053-00009402": "What a wonderful topic for us this morning.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00037-00009402-00009586": "Thanks to all who are joining us today", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00038-00009586-00010010": "and our co-hosts, New America and Education Policy Institute", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00039-00010010-00010186": "at the University of Michigan.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00040-00010186-00010464": "We're here today to talk about a critical topic,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00041-00010464-00010790": "how to we assure that all students or children", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00042-00010790-00011043": "have access to high quality early learning", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00043-00011043-00011279": "on their way to becoming students.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00044-00011279-00011564": "Research shows that nurturing early experiences", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00045-00011564-00011874": "are crucial for brain development, for learning,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00046-00011874-00012166": "and for the ability to form relationships.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00047-00012166-00012421": "Research also shows that gaps in access", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00048-00012421-00012609": "to early childhood education,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00049-00012609-00013040": "which are opportunity gaps, turn into achievement gaps", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00050-00013040-00013258": "by the time children enter school.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00051-00013363-00013791": "This moment has been a crisis for childcare.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00052-00013791-00014144": "Despite the clear benefits of early care and education,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00053-00014144-00014382": "as a nation we have not made the investments", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00054-00014382-00014691": "in building a system that provides those resources", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00055-00014691-00014855": "for our young children.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00056-00014855-00015148": "Even pre-pandemic affordable early care", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00057-00015148-00015379": "and education were scarce.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00058-00015379-00015727": "Only 54% of three and four year olds in the United States", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00059-00015727-00016021": "participate in any preschool.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00060-00016021-00016206": "Parents struggle to find care.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00061-00016206-00016485": "Over half of the people in the United States", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00062-00016485-00016725": "live in what the Center for American Progress", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00063-00016725-00016948": "deems a childcare desert,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00064-00016948-00017130": "where programs existed,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00065-00017130-00017510": "staff have been far underpaid given their qualifications", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00066-00017510-00017741": "and the importance of their job.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00067-00017741-00018053": "We all know that early childhood caregivers", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00068-00018053-00018528": "are often having to access government assistance", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00069-00018528-00018938": "in order to survive on the wages that they receive.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00070-00018938-00019187": "Programs have struggled to make ends meet", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00071-00019187-00019492": "with what parents can afford to pay.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00072-00019492-00019619": "During the pandemic,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00073-00019619-00019932": "the status quo became absolutely untenable.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00074-00019932-00020096": "According to the Center for the Study", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00075-00020096-00020338": "of Childcare Employment at UC Berkeley,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00076-00020338-00020680": "we lost 20% of our early learning workforce", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00077-00020680-00020947": "in just the first six months of the pandemic.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00078-00021036-00021536": "So we are in a situation where for many providers", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00079-00021659-00021997": "with all of the extra costs of cleaning supplies", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00080-00021997-00022151": "and the other costs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00081-00022151-00022567": "have created a safe environment in the pandemic", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00082-00022567-00022725": "that early learning programs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00083-00022725-00022909": "were no longer financially viable.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00084-00022909-00023237": "56% of providers surveyed by", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00085-00023237-00023630": "the National Association for the Education of Young Children", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00086-00023630-00024041": "in December, say they were losing money every day.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00087-00024041-00024350": "As a result, families, particularly women", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00088-00024350-00024504": "have been giving up their jobs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00089-00024504-00024715": "to care for the young children.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00090-00024715-00024953": "Most importantly, young children are losing", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00091-00024953-00025189": "critical opportunities to learn.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00092-00025189-00025409": "Preschool enrollment dropped dramatically", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00093-00025409-00025549": "during the pandemic.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00094-00025549-00025870": "And this was especially true for children from families", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00095-00025870-00026027": "with very low incomes,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00096-00026027-00026332": "who most need the resources that early care", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00097-00026332-00026524": "and learning provide.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00098-00026524-00026669": "President Biden's administration", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00099-00026669-00026914": "has been very responsive to these needs.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00100-00026914-00027304": "In just over a year, Congress appropriated over $50 billion", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00101-00027304-00027657": "in recovery funds for childcare and early learning.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00102-00027657-00028089": "And this includes $39 billion in the American Rescue Act.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00103-00028089-00028324": "Given that our federal investments in early childhood", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00104-00028324-00028654": "total less than 20 billion in 2020,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00105-00028654-00028902": "this response is truly historic.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00106-00028902-00029201": "It has more than doubled the federal investment.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00107-00029201-00029556": "It will be used to increase access for families compensation", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00108-00029556-00029864": "for educators and the supply of childcare.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00109-00029864-00029988": "But we're here today", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00110-00029988-00030295": "because we cannot stop at this Rescue package.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00111-00030295-00030586": "We have an opportunity now to build a system", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00112-00030586-00030761": "that is better designed", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00113-00030761-00031143": "in which the complex array of programs and funding streams", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00114-00031143-00031442": "are integrated in a more coherent way,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00115-00031442-00031735": "a system in which educators are better prepared", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00116-00031735-00031888": "and better supported,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00117-00031888-00032217": "a system that is easier for families to navigate,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00118-00032217-00032385": "and one that reflects what we know", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00119-00032385-00032606": "from the science of learning and development", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00120-00032606-00032809": "about what children need.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00121-00032809-00033143": "We're honored to be joined today by three amazing leaders", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00122-00033143-00033435": "who are committed to expanding federal support", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00123-00033435-00033621": "for early childhood education", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00124-00033621-00033903": "and are helping us to chart a path forward.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00125-00033903-00034334": "We'll start with remarks from Congresswoman Rosa DeLauro,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00126-00034334-00034683": "a dear friend and chair of the Appropriations Committee.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00127-00034683-00035055": "She has championed early childhood education in Congress.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00128-00035055-00035369": "She has been a longtime advocate for children and families,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00129-00035369-00035501": "and she played a key role", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00130-00035501-00035767": "in getting the Rescue package enacted.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00131-00035767-00035885": "And no doubt will do so", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00132-00035885-00036176": "for the American Families Act as well.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00133-00036176-00036309": "Congresswoman DeLauro.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00134-00037492-00037625": "- Good afternoon, everyone.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00135-00037625-00037844": "This is Congresswoman Rosa DeLauro,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00136-00037844-00038171": "representing Connecticut's third Congressional district.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00137-00038171-00038396": "Thank you, Linda, for that warm introduction", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00138-00038396-00038696": "and for your work as president and CEO", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00139-00038696-00038922": "at the Learning Policy Institute.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00140-00038922-00039132": "Now more than ever the work you", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00141-00039132-00039494": "and all of the members of the Learning Policy Institute do", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00142-00039494-00039940": "is critical in helping to inform smart policy decisions", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00143-00039940-00040272": "with evidence that reflects the real world experiences", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00144-00040272-00040631": "of our educators, students and families.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00145-00040631-00040733": "During the pandemic,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00146-00040733-00041048": "over 2.3 million women left the workforce", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00147-00041048-00041481": "and even more women and women of color are working part-time", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00148-00041481-00041791": "because they cannot find full-time jobs.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00149-00041791-00042066": "These women are not opting out of the workforce,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00150-00042066-00042434": "they are being pushed out by inadequate policies.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00151-00042434-00042805": "Part of that has to do with a lack of childcare.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00152-00042805-00043032": "As chair of the Appropriations Committee,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00153-00043032-00043238": "I am proud that we have been central", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00154-00043238-00043447": "to our response to this pandemic", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00155-00043447-00043800": "and provided much needed funding to deal with the crisis", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00156-00043800-00044284": "providing $3.5 billion for childcare in the CARES Act.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00157-00044284-00044534": "We also delivered on that transformational", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00158-00044534-00045007": "$1.9 trillion package, the American Rescue Plan,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00159-00045007-00045343": "which provided nearly a quarter of a billion dollars", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00160-00045343-00045824": "to stabilize and childcare centers at risk of closing,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00161-00045824-00046183": "and an additional $15 billion in childcare aid", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00162-00046183-00046334": "for struggling families", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00163-00046334-00046644": "through the Child Care and Development Block Grant.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00164-00046644-00046869": "But it is not enough.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00165-00046869-00047066": "So I am pleased at the president's budget", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00166-00047066-00047431": "for next year requests, long overdue investments", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00167-00047431-00047810": "like $19.8 billion for early care", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00168-00047810-00048006": "and for education programs,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00169-00048006-00048490": "almost $12 billion for Head Start and $7.4 billion", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00170-00048490-00048775": "for the Child Care and Development Block Grant.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00171-00048775-00048968": "Today is a new dawn,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00172-00048968-00049201": "we have the opportunity to build the architecture", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00173-00049201-00049480": "for the future and use this as a moment", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00174-00049480-00049790": "to invest in childcare as a public good", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00175-00049790-00050101": "and address inequities and provide a lifeline", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00176-00050101-00050407": "for the middle class while lifting millions of children", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00177-00050407-00050674": "and families out of poverty, thank you.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00178-00051512-00051830": "- Thank you so much Congresswoman DeLauro.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00179-00051830-00052205": "And I'm delighted now to introduce Heather Boushey,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00180-00052205-00052440": "who will describe a historic proposal", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00181-00052440-00052829": "from the Biden administration, the American Families Plan.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00182-00052829-00053319": "She is a member of the Council of Economic Advisors.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00183-00053319-00053673": "She's long focused on economic inequality,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00184-00053673-00053847": "employment and family wellbeing.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00185-00053847-00054154": "She's bringing that expertise to the White House", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00186-00054154-00054491": "and she'll help us understand the administration's proposals", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00187-00054491-00054661": "which he's had a hand in crafting", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00188-00054661-00054912": "and what they will mean for young children.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00189-00054912-00055048": "Thank you so much Heather.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00190-00055184-00055451": "- Well, thank you, thank you so much, Linda.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00191-00055451-00055701": "And thank you all for the opportunity to talk to you", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00192-00055701-00056045": "at this national early care and education event.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00193-00056130-00056404": "It can not be more of an honor to be introduced by Linda", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00194-00056404-00056677": "and to follow Congresswoman DeLauro.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00195-00056677-00056861": "I'm so happy to be with here with so many of you", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00196-00056861-00057225": "who work tirelessly, tirelessly on this issue", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00197-00057225-00057395": "for so many years.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00198-00057653-00057929": "The last year and a half with the pandemic", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00199-00057929-00058232": "has just underscored in so many ways,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00200-00058232-00058562": "just how critical our care economy is.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00201-00058562-00058855": "It is unveiled for everyone", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00202-00058855-00059170": "that care is the foundation of our economy.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00203-00059170-00059425": "When children don't have a place to go,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00204-00059425-00059578": "parents can't get to work.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00205-00059578-00059736": "It's just that simple.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00206-00059736-00060066": "And it's not just about housing kids in any kind of care,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00207-00060066-00060332": "it's about making sure that we're making that investment", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00208-00060332-00060610": "in the next generation, in a high quality,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00209-00060610-00060748": "early learning experiences", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00210-00060748-00061055": "and making sure that the childcare that families are using", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00211-00061055-00061229": "is of the highest quality", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00212-00061229-00061532": "because that's educational as well.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00213-00061532-00061796": "And that's why the Biden administration", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00214-00061796-00062024": "has put forward the American Families Plan", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00215-00062161-00062448": "as well as the American Jobs Plan.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00216-00062448-00062879": "And together, these two packages are significant investment", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00217-00062879-00063104": "in our nation's infrastructure,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00218-00063104-00063276": "in all of our infrastructure.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00219-00063276-00063576": "The physical infrastructure and the human infrastructure.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00220-00063663-00064044": "The core idea behind the American Families Plan", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00221-00064044-00064397": "is the greater investment children and young adults", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00222-00064397-00064685": "who in the future yields a larger, healthier,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00223-00064685-00064872": "more productive workforce.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00224-00064872-00065255": "This is about the workforce of the decades to come.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00225-00065255-00065417": "How do we make those investments", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00226-00065417-00065644": "to make sure that the United States", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00227-00065644-00065834": "remains economically competitive", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00228-00065834-00066192": "and has a highly talented, highly skilled workforce", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00229-00066192-00066475": "that can drive our economy forward.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00230-00066475-00066687": "We know that when the public sector", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00231-00066687-00066926": "doesn't make those investments in education,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00232-00066926-00067214": "just as when it doesn't invest in physical infrastructure", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00233-00067214-00067562": "that the private sector doesn't have that strong foundation", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00234-00067562-00067919": "upon which the rest of the economy sits.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00235-00067919-00068070": "And without those investments,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00236-00068070-00068229": "our economy and our society", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00237-00068229-00068507": "are left with less skilled workers", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00238-00068507-00068845": "that the private sector can hire into good paying jobs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00239-00068845-00069086": "with fewer innovators that can make those inventions", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00240-00069086-00069255": "that are gonna drive the economy forward.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00241-00069255-00069472": "And we have fewer entrepreneurs.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00242-00069472-00069623": "So that is why the investments", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00243-00069623-00069881": "in the Americans Families Plan are so important.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00244-00069881-00070297": "And they're obviously also important to America's families.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00245-00070297-00070614": "The plan includes investing in America's children", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00246-00070614-00070960": "like funding universal high quality preschool,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00247-00070960-00071193": "eventually getting to every single three and four year old", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00248-00071193-00071313": "all across the country.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00249-00071397-00071677": "We also provides direct support to families", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00250-00071677-00071941": "by making permanent for the next few years", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00251-00071941-00072332": "the Rescue plans expansion of the child tax credit", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00252-00072332-00072523": "which is already helping families", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00253-00072523-00072710": "and will be soon helping families", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00254-00072710-00072952": "all across the United States.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00255-00072952-00073184": "And then of course, another element of the families plan", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00256-00073184-00073430": "is to carry the comprehensive universal", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00257-00073430-00073598": "Paid Family and Medical Leave program,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00258-00073598-00073776": "so that when workers need to be at home", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00259-00073776-00073901": "with their loved ones", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00260-00073901-00074007": "because they have a new child", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00261-00074007-00074172": "or someone who is seriously ill,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00262-00074172-00074568": "they're able to do that and not lose much needed income", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00263-00074568-00074833": "'cause that's a critical piece of the puzzle as well.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00264-00074925-00075253": "Getting children access to better care services", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00265-00075253-00075501": "is good for kids and it's good for families", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00266-00075501-00075699": "and it's good for the economy.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00267-00075699-00075995": "We can improve education for that child", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00268-00075995-00076314": "and that can help close achievement gaps across children", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00269-00076314-00076509": "and across different communities.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00270-00076509-00076732": "It can help parents do their jobs effectively", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00271-00076732-00076975": "knowing that their children are being well-educated", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00272-00076975-00077107": "and well catered for,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00273-00077107-00077295": "makes those workers more productive", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00274-00077295-00077667": "and that makes our economy more productive.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00275-00077667-00077860": "And you know of course these investments", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00276-00077860-00078039": "that you make today in America's children", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00277-00078039-00078367": "are what are gonna drive our economy down the road.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00278-00078367-00078552": "So nothing could be more important", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00279-00078552-00078665": "than the kinds of issues", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00280-00078665-00078814": "that y'all are gonna talk about today", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00281-00078814-00078983": "and the work that you all have been doing.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00282-00078983-00079181": "So I hope that you're as excited", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00283-00079181-00079379": "about the family's plan as I am,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00284-00079379-00079673": "and I hope that we continue to engage on", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00285-00079673-00079931": "how we can make it better and how we can make sure", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00286-00079931-00080097": "that it becomes the law of the land.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00287-00080097-00080356": "So thank you so much for your time and back to you, Linda.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00288-00080356-00080439": "Thank you.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00289-00080556-00080686": "- Thank you so much, Heather,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00290-00080686-00080979": "and thanks for all the work that you are putting in", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00291-00080979-00081474": "into making sure that this becomes a reality in our country.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00292-00081474-00081820": "And now I'm going to introduce Senator Patty Murray", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00293-00081820-00081933": "who is ranking member", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00294-00081933-00082101": "of the Senate Health Education,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00295-00082101-00082305": "Labor and Pensions Committee.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00296-00082305-00082520": "She has recently reintroduced", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00297-00082520-00082762": "the Child Care for Working Families Act", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00298-00082762-00082905": "and she was gracious enough", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00299-00082905-00083163": "to record remarks for our event today.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00300-00083163-00083544": "We so appreciate the senators long-term efforts", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00301-00083544-00083869": "on behalf of our children, Senator Patty Murray.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00302-00083968-00084211": "- Hi everyone, I'm Senator Patty Murray.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00303-00084211-00084673": "I wanna start by thanking everyone at LPI, New America", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00304-00084673-00085001": "and the team behind \"Cradle to Kindergarten\"", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00305-00085001-00085413": "for your advocacy and research on this important issue.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00306-00085413-00085613": "Your hard work is so critical", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00307-00085613-00085935": "because right now working parents across the country", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00308-00085935-00086152": "and in particular women of color", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00309-00086152-00086551": "are struggling to find or afford childcare.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00310-00086551-00086838": "Too many childcare workers can't make ends meet", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00311-00086838-00087073": "because they make poverty wages,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00312-00087073-00087288": "and children are not getting the early education", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00313-00087288-00087493": "that can help them thrive.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00314-00087493-00087650": "To me it's clear,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00315-00087650-00088058": "we need childcare infrastructure in this country.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00316-00088058-00088186": "That's why I introduced", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00317-00088186-00088428": "the Childcare for Working Families Act", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00318-00088428-00088760": "to establish a childcare and early learning infrastructure", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00319-00088760-00089223": "that ensures working families can find and afford childcare,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00320-00089223-00089475": "that workers get the pay that they deserve,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00321-00089475-00089769": "and children can get an early education", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00322-00089769-00089970": "that they need to thrive.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00323-00089970-00090318": "This is not only the right thing to do for working families,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00324-00090318-00090553": "but it's a smart investment in our children,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00325-00090553-00090800": "our future and our economy.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00326-00090800-00091196": "And I'm fighting hard to get it across the finish line.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00327-00091196-00091469": "So thank you again for your incredible work", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00328-00091469-00091752": "on this important issue and know you will always", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00329-00091752-00092057": "have a proud partner in me in the Senate.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00330-00092482-00092811": "- Great, thank you so much to Senator Patty Murray", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00331-00092811-00093061": "and to representative DeLauro, to Heather Boushey,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00332-00093191-00093411": "and to Linda for your opening remarks.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00333-00093411-00093651": "Again, I'm Hanna Melnick, senior policy advisor", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00334-00093651-00093885": "at the Learning Policy Institute.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00335-00093885-00094049": "I'm gonna talk a little bit now", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00336-00094049-00094370": "about the early learning landscape, what our system is,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00337-00094370-00094817": "before the panel picks up on next steps for federal policy.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00338-00094914-00095116": "So the vision, as we heard a bit", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00339-00095116-00095383": "from our opening speakers is about,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00340-00095383-00095717": "is that all children birth through elementary school", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00341-00095717-00096195": "have access to affordable, integrated and inclusive programs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00342-00096195-00096493": "that offer high quality learning experiences", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00343-00096493-00096831": "with a workforce that is well qualified and well supported.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00344-00096831-00097092": "And that's part of a system that is coherent", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00345-00097092-00097393": "and easily navigated for families and providers.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00346-00097478-00097833": "The reality is that we are far from this vision.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00347-00097833-00098241": "Instead, we have a patchwork of underfunded programs.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00348-00098241-00098619": "These programs are overseen by multiple agencies,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00349-00098619-00098779": "starting at the federal level", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00350-00098779-00099102": "with the Department of Health and Human Services", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00351-00099102-00099390": "and the Department of Education.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00352-00099390-00099640": "And that complexity is then passed down", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00353-00099640-00099845": "to state and local administrators", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00354-00099845-00100132": "and ultimately to providers and to families", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00355-00100132-00100306": "who help to make sense of the web", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00356-00100306-00100534": "of funding and requirements.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00357-00100534-00100835": "Each program in this graphic there, the colored lines,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00358-00101095-00101383": "has their own income eligibility requirements,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00359-00101383-00101583": "their own quality standards.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00360-00101583-00101746": "And some programs, as you're gonna hear", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00361-00101746-00102091": "from a family childcare provider later today, from Josie,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00362-00102091-00102351": "are trying to blend and raise these funding streams", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00363-00102351-00102783": "to make a more cohesive experience for children and families", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00364-00102783-00103066": "but our regulations make it very challenging.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00365-00103183-00103442": "So I'm gonna play a clip from Lily Marquez,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00366-00103442-00103634": "a parent who spoke last month", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00367-00103634-00103876": "at Parent Voices California webinar", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00368-00103876-00104194": "to illustrate the impact of this system on parents.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00369-00104194-00104486": "And I wanna thank Lily for sharing this video.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00370-00104669-00104945": "- Six years ago I was a full-time working professional", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00371-00104945-00105062": "in higher education.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00372-00105174-00105314": "And I did that for 10 years.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00373-00105408-00105861": "I was blessed to become a mother six years ago to a boy.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00374-00105861-00106027": "And I was able to work part-time", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00375-00106027-00106192": "even after my maternity leave.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00376-00106296-00106429": "Everything was great", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00377-00106519-00106706": "until I became pregnant with my second child,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00378-00106706-00106908": "which was not planned,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00379-00107006-00107222": "but need the less, it was a blessing.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00380-00107323-00107600": "Fortunately for me, my job valued me so much", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00381-00107600-00107935": "that I had a lot of flexibility with my work schedule.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00382-00107935-00108142": "But even still I couldn't work", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00383-00108142-00108368": "without childcare for my daughter.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00384-00108368-00108649": "I wasn't able to find care for my two babies.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00385-00108814-00109083": "So I made the hard life decision to give up my career.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00386-00109176-00109405": "I gave my notice to quit my job.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00387-00109405-00109508": "I sold my home.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00388-00109508-00109654": "I moved to another city.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00389-00109779-00110018": "And I even moved in with my husband's family", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00390-00110018-00110117": "to make ends meet.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00391-00110273-00110442": "The lack of affordable, accessible", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00392-00110442-00110641": "and available childcare was a reason for me", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00393-00110641-00110781": "becoming a stay-at-home mom.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00394-00110910-00111207": "Imagine having to sell your home, move to a new city", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00395-00111207-00111355": "and share a two bedroom home", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00396-00111355-00111662": "with two disabled elderly family members and two babies.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00397-00111770-00111924": "The stress of our living situation", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00398-00111924-00112100": "started to impact my mental health.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00399-00112316-00112703": "If only childcare had been available and affordable", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00400-00112703-00112933": "we could have avoided making these sacrifices.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00401-00113458-00113761": "- So, I just wanna thank Lily for sharing that story", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00402-00113761-00114078": "which is unfortunately far too common", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00403-00114078-00114308": "and resonates with many of us who are parents.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00404-00114402-00114627": "So many families lack access to care.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00405-00114627-00114745": "That's one of the challenges", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00406-00114745-00114934": "that we're dealing with in our system.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00407-00115130-00115576": "And for example, just 17% of eligible children", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00408-00115576-00115769": "have access to the subsidies", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00409-00115769-00115976": "that can make childcare affordable.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00410-00115976-00116260": "And Lily is still on the waiting list", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00411-00116260-00116385": "for those subsidies.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00412-00116476-00116692": "Programs are also segregated.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00413-00116692-00116908": "This is a problem because research shows", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00414-00116908-00117266": "that children benefit from learning in socioeconomically", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00415-00117266-00117538": "and racially culturally diverse settings", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00416-00117538-00117955": "yet we sort children into programs by their family's income.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00417-00117955-00118351": "For example, children with the families", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00418-00118351-00118494": "who have the lowest incomes", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00419-00118494-00118708": "are eligible for Head Start programs,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00420-00118708-00119060": "families who can afford the exorbitant cost of childcare", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00421-00119060-00119338": "are in private programs and so on.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00422-00119338-00119579": "And not surprisingly early childhood programs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00423-00119579-00119970": "are also twice as likely to be nearly 100% black or Hispanic", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00424-00119970-00120101": "as a first grade classroom.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00425-00120101-00120390": "Despite the fact that we know our K-12 system", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00426-00120390-00120581": "is also far too segregated.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00427-00120776-00120933": "Again, when children have access,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00428-00120933-00121147": "the program of the quality they get", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00429-00121147-00121438": "in their subsidized programs varies widely.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00430-00121438-00121844": "Just as one example, a four-year-old child in California", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00431-00121844-00122016": "might go to a state preschool program", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00432-00122016-00122185": "or a Head Start program.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00433-00122185-00122383": "In the state preschool program,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00434-00122383-00122659": "the teacher is required to have just a few college credits", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00435-00122659-00123026": "and has an eight to one ratio.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00436-00123026-00123305": "And in the Head Start program", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00437-00123305-00123522": "that same child might have a teacher", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00438-00123522-00123746": "who has a bachelor's degree in early childhood", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00439-00123746-00123917": "and have a 10 to one ratio.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00440-00123917-00124192": "It's not equitable and it doesn't make sense.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00441-00124315-00124612": "And finally, so importantly,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00442-00124725-00125049": "I'm supporting our educators.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00443-00125049-00125373": "So educators who are disproportionately women of color", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00444-00125373-00125583": "get little to no professional development.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00445-00125583-00125752": "They're chronically underpaid.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00446-00125752-00125864": "And this leads to,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00447-00125983-00126321": "is not just inequitable but it leads to rapid turnover", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00448-00126321-00126638": "which is a problem for providing quality care.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00449-00126638-00126857": "I'm gonna show a chart that", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00450-00126857-00127083": "briefly just illustrate this problem.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00451-00127192-00127390": "They showed two things.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00452-00127390-00127701": "First of all, our preschool teachers and childcare workers", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00453-00127701-00127922": "are grossly underpaid.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00454-00127922-00128183": "And then second, there's this discontinuity", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00455-00128183-00128528": "where a child turns from four to five", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00456-00128528-00128658": "and goes to kindergarten", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00457-00128658-00128907": "and suddenly their teacher is compensated", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00458-00128907-00129118": "at a completely different level.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00459-00129118-00129268": "It doesn't make sense again.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00460-00129268-00129527": "And even this is also within a field of education", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00461-00129527-00129688": "that is overall underpaid.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00462-00129855-00130117": "So what is the path forward?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00463-00130117-00130282": "The Learning Policy Institute,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00464-00130282-00130430": "our partners at New America", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00465-00130430-00130660": "and authors of \"Cradle to Kindergarten\"", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00466-00130660-00130928": "have all developed complimentary recommendations", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00467-00130928-00131148": "for a path forward toward the vision", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00468-00131148-00131308": "that we laid out earlier.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00469-00131308-00131552": "We all agree that there needs to be federal support", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00470-00131552-00131735": "for early childhood,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00471-00131735-00131974": "significant federal support for childcare", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00472-00131974-00132261": "where the federal government already plays a lead role", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00473-00132261-00132474": "but also federal support that seek", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00474-00132474-00132744": "to expand upon the progress that they're already making", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00475-00132744-00132948": "towards universal preschool.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00476-00132948-00133215": "What I hope that you take away from our panel", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00477-00133215-00133549": "is that what we don't need is yet another new programs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00478-00133549-00133838": "that adds the tangle we saw earlier.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00479-00133838-00134212": "Instead we need programs that are going to be high quality", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00480-00134212-00134403": "and that's for all children", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00481-00134403-00134649": "no matter how they access the system.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00482-00134890-00135225": "Programs that are integrated socioeconomically,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00483-00135225-00135447": "linguistically and racially.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00484-00135447-00135796": "And this means allowing families to access programs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00485-00135796-00135952": "no matter if their family income,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00486-00135952-00136342": "whether through universal programs or sliding fee scale.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00487-00136342-00136665": "Programs that are inclusive of children with special needs.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00488-00136665-00136974": "So children can access care in the environment", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00489-00136974-00137388": "that is right for them and have services from birth", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00490-00137388-00137556": "through the early elementary years", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00491-00137556-00137706": "that are going to be seamless.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00492-00137841-00138160": "We want to ensure that programs are easily navigated", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00493-00138160-00138291": "so that parents like Lily,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00494-00138291-00138510": "who currently have to go from place to place", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00495-00138510-00138664": "to figure out what they can access", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00496-00138664-00139094": "and what they're eligible for, have a better experience.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00497-00139094-00139275": "And finally, this is all going to require", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00498-00139275-00139474": "that programs be coordinated.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00499-00139474-00139699": "And I start at the federal level.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00500-00139699-00139861": "And I believe that Ajay and Miriam", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00501-00139861-00140021": "will speak to that on our panel.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00502-00140184-00140478": "So now we're gonna turn to our panel discussion", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00503-00140564-00140863": "where our panelists will speak to some of the challenges", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00504-00140863-00141062": "and what that looks like at the provider", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00505-00141062-00141181": "and the state level", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00506-00141181-00141353": "and then what federal policy makers", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00507-00141353-00141676": "will need to keep in mind when developing a new system.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00508-00141776-00142085": "So I'd like to introduce Laura Bornfreund,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00509-00142085-00142405": "director of the early and elementary education program", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00510-00142405-00142710": "at New America, our co-host for this webinar.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00511-00142809-00143034": "And Laura will introduce our other panelists.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00512-00143364-00143474": "- Thank you, Hannah,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00513-00143474-00143781": "and thank you to the other insightful speakers", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00514-00143781-00144005": "we've heard from so far.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00515-00144005-00144346": "And thank you to our audience joining us today.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00516-00144346-00144628": "In the report that Hannah referenced", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00517-00144628-00144833": "Supporting Early Learning in America:", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00518-00144833-00145044": "Policies for a New Decade,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00519-00145044-00145282": "we embedded in our recommendation", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00520-00145282-00145505": "scenes of prioritizing equity,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00521-00145505-00145653": "focusing on the whole child", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00522-00145653-00145999": "and building stronger connections between systems", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00523-00145999-00146265": "that address children's learning and development", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00524-00146265-00146444": "and family wellbeing.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00525-00146444-00146711": "The federal government plays an important role", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00526-00146711-00147055": "in encouraging and enabling states and local communities", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00527-00147055-00147359": "to enact policies and practices in those areas.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00528-00147359-00147633": "And in our report, we also specifically called", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00529-00147633-00147767": "on the federal government", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00530-00147767-00148010": "to promote efficiency and coordination,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00531-00148010-00148160": "to improve child outcomes", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00532-00148160-00148514": "across the Birth-to-8 Continuum,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00533-00148514-00148699": "emphasize continuous improvement", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00534-00148699-00149056": "and ensure predictable, sustainable, and increased funding.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00535-00149056-00149370": "While our New America team published our recommendations", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00536-00149370-00149616": "for the new decade pre-pandemic,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00537-00149616-00149886": "there are perhaps even more important now,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00538-00149886-00150205": "as we think about how to take hold of this time of crisis", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00539-00150205-00150461": "and reimagine a new bolder vision", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00540-00150461-00150644": "for early childhood education.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00541-00150644-00150805": "And during this last year,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00542-00150805-00150978": "we know too many families and early care", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00543-00150978-00151243": "and education providers and educators", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00544-00151243-00151418": "have been harmed by the fragility,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00545-00151418-00151650": "inadequacies and inequities", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00546-00151650-00151927": "of our existing policies and systems.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00547-00151927-00152381": "As Hanna said in her remarks to create an ECE system", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00548-00152381-00152633": "that works for children, families and providers,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00549-00152633-00152931": "it must be one that is integrated, inclusive,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00550-00152931-00153414": "high quality, coordinated, aligned, and easily navigable.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00551-00153414-00153707": "I now have the privilege of moderating a discussion", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00552-00153707-00153927": "about what we need to get us there.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00553-00153927-00154319": "Thank you to esteemed panel for joining us today.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00554-00154319-00154568": "First we have Miriam Calderon,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00555-00154568-00154891": "deputy assistant secretary for early learning", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00556-00154891-00155216": "at the US Department of Education, welcome Miriam.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00557-00155216-00155682": "Next, Ajay Chaudry, professor at New York University", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00558-00155682-00155929": "and former deputy assistant secretary", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00559-00155929-00156126": "for human services policy", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00560-00156126-00156468": "at the US Department of Health and Human Services.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00561-00156468-00156819": "Josie Emmrich, the owner and operator", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00562-00156819-00157163": "of Loving Beginnings Childcare and Preschool,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00563-00157404-00157781": "and Christina Weiland, associate professor", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00564-00157781-00157963": "at the University of Michigan.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00565-00157963-00158216": "Welcome, and you can read more about them", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00566-00158216-00158352": "at the link in the chat.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00567-00158534-00158754": "Welcome to all of you, thank you for being here.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00568-00158754-00159180": "And Chris let's get started with you", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00569-00159180-00159459": "and start with a question about quality.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00570-00159459-00159649": "For years you've studied", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00571-00159649-00159893": "what high quality early learning looks like.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00572-00159893-00160232": "Can you tell us about the most important components", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00573-00160232-00160503": "to support an early childhood education program?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00574-00160713-00160819": "- Yeah, great question.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00575-00160819-00161061": "So we always wanna ensure not just access", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00576-00161061-00161344": "but also access to really high quality programs.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00577-00161344-00161575": "So there are many active ingredients", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00578-00161575-00162036": "that go into a high quality program for young children.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00579-00162036-00162283": "So I will focus on kind of the big three.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00580-00162283-00162717": "So one of those is the teacher is at the center, right?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00581-00162717-00162929": "So that's really our most important ingredient", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00582-00162929-00163170": "in the classroom is the teacher.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00583-00163170-00163321": "That's the person who's gonna deliver", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00584-00163321-00163599": "on the high quality instruction and interactions.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00585-00163599-00163736": "They're gonna build young brains", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00586-00163736-00163959": "and get kids ready to thrive", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00587-00163959-00164148": "beyond the length of the program.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00588-00164244-00164504": "And what we need to do to actually support our teachers", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00589-00164504-00164816": "is to pay them well as you saw from Hanna slide,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00590-00164816-00165114": "we are woefully underpaying our early educators", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00591-00165114-00165385": "which is leading them to be much more stressed", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00592-00165385-00165468": "than they need to be", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00593-00165468-00165799": "and then impacting the quality of the care in the classroom.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00594-00165799-00166077": "So they need to be compensated, paid fairly.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00595-00166161-00166439": "And in addition to that,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00596-00166439-00166608": "we need to ensure that they have access", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00597-00166608-00166812": "to high quality professional development.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00598-00166812-00167004": "Now, the most proven version of that", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00599-00167004-00167302": "that we have is in classroom coaching", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00600-00167302-00167561": "in which there's a supportive mentor teacher", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00601-00167561-00167991": "who helps the teacher target anything in the classroom", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00602-00167991-00168186": "that he or she is struggling with.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00603-00168186-00168388": "And that needs to be paired too", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00604-00168388-00168803": "with high quality early childhood curriculum", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00605-00168803-00169044": "that are based on what we know", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00606-00169044-00169193": "about the scope and sequence", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00607-00169193-00169421": "in which young children learn.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00608-00169421-00169605": "Play-based intentional interactions", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00609-00169605-00169819": "are pretty much universally acknowledged across the field", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00610-00169819-00170030": "is really important for supporting", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00611-00170030-00170158": "young children's development", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00612-00170158-00170350": "and getting them ready for school.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00613-00170350-00170643": "And so encouragingly those sort of big three", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00614-00170643-00170957": "around paying our teachers well, supporting them well", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00615-00170957-00171142": "through professional development like coaching", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00616-00171142-00171422": "and then having proven high quality curriculum", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00617-00171422-00171643": "are actually the big three that you see", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00618-00171643-00171863": "in the Biden preschool program (indistinct).", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00619-00172205-00172300": "- Thank you, Chris.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00620-00172449-00172698": "So Josie, you have blended", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00621-00172698-00172884": "and braided different funding strains", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00622-00172884-00173135": "in your family childcare program.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00623-00173135-00173366": "Can you tell us what it takes to meet", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00624-00173366-00173745": "the high level of quality that Chris has described", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00625-00173745-00173876": "with public dollars?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00626-00174028-00174344": "- Well, first of all, I started working", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00627-00174344-00174444": "with the different programs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00628-00174444-00174944": "because I was trying to provide a continuity of care", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00629-00174955-00175335": "for families and that was not happening", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00630-00175335-00175698": "because parents were not able to pay privately", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00631-00175698-00175930": "for the kind of care that they needed.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00632-00175930-00176068": "And so I started working", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00633-00176068-00176374": "with that early Head Start childcare partnership", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00634-00176374-00176533": "which was really helpful.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00635-00176533-00176920": "I had access to a lot more resources through that program,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00636-00176920-00177132": "specialists coaching a lot of the things", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00637-00177277-00177505": "that the speaker was just talking about.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00638-00177761-00178091": "But what was happening as children", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00639-00178091-00178247": "were aging out of the program", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00640-00178247-00178540": "and then they couldn't find care after they left", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00641-00178540-00178842": "because that program is zero to three.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00642-00178842-00179161": "And so children then would not be able", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00643-00179161-00179391": "to find an alternative placement", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00644-00179391-00179767": "and we're in a childcare desert,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00645-00179767-00179921": "so they couldn't find anything", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00646-00179921-00180164": "and they couldn't afford private childcare.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00647-00180164-00180417": "So then I started a partnership", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00648-00180417-00180657": "with the state funded Preschool Promise Program,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00649-00180788-00180985": "and that was wonderful.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00650-00180985-00181242": "I was able to provide services for kids", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00651-00181242-00181490": "from early Head Start all the way through the time", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00652-00181490-00181704": "that they needed to go to kindergarten.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00653-00181704-00182047": "The problem is that the paperwork", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00654-00182047-00182213": "and the rules and requirements", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00655-00182213-00182541": "between all the different programs became overwhelming.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00656-00182541-00182757": "And I almost needed to hire a person", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00657-00182757-00183035": "just to do paperwork and be administration.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00658-00183035-00183339": "I didn't want to be an administrator.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00659-00183339-00183500": "That's not why I came into this.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00660-00183500-00183671": "I have a master's degree", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00661-00183671-00183918": "in early childhood inclusive education", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00662-00183918-00184109": "and I wanted to be with kids,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00663-00184109-00184409": "but I was finding myself like sitting in the office", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00664-00184409-00184571": "doing paperwork all the time", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00665-00184673-00184879": "and spending nights and weekends", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00666-00184983-00185426": "to meet all of the requirements of both programs.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00667-00185426-00185791": "'Cause I was also on the receiving subsidies for", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00668-00186081-00186320": "employment related childcare subsidies.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00669-00186320-00186500": "And so that's a whole another contract", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00670-00186500-00186656": "that I had to deal with.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00671-00186656-00186944": "And it was too much.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00672-00186944-00187103": "I love the resources.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00673-00187103-00187395": "It was amazing to have the coaches and the mentors", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00674-00187395-00187593": "and I got pay increases.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00675-00187593-00187914": "So for the first time I had access to paid time off", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00676-00187914-00188279": "which was amazing, but I was so burnt out", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00677-00188279-00188609": "and I couldn't continue on like that.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00678-00188609-00189054": "So I ended up letting go of my early Head Start contract", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00679-00189054-00189249": "this last winter.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00680-00189249-00189578": "And it just became too much of a challenge for me", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00681-00189578-00189894": "to be able to work with all of the programs.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00682-00189894-00190223": "And I was heartbreaking because I had been working", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00683-00190223-00190539": "with these children for a long time", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00684-00190539-00190888": "and I really enjoy having birth through kindergarten.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00685-00190888-00191388": "So it's a lot to have to manage different programs.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00686-00191487-00191751": "And if the services were more integrated", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00687-00191751-00192084": "it would certainly have allowed me to continue on", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00688-00192084-00192242": "with all of the programs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00689-00192242-00192551": "and be able to serve families in a more cohesive way.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00690-00192780-00193087": "- Thank you, Josie, for providing that real world example", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00691-00193087-00193399": "about the challenges of doing this blending", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00692-00193399-00193831": "and braiding at the program level", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00693-00193831-00194225": "and yeah, that sounds really daunting.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00694-00194348-00194685": "Miriam, you've had experience with public dollars", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00695-00194685-00195177": "and providing early childhood education as well", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00696-00195177-00195551": "at both the public school level in DC", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00697-00195551-00195857": "and most recently in Oregon,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00698-00195857-00196097": "can you talk a little bit about the challenges", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00699-00196097-00196242": "at the state and local levels", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00700-00196242-00196513": "in ensuring high quality early learning", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00701-00196513-00196664": "with federal dollars", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00702-00196664-00197037": "and just reflect on also what could be easier.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00703-00197127-00197264": "- Sure, thanks Laura.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00704-00197264-00197525": "First I just wanna thank LPI and New America", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00705-00197525-00197791": "for including me in this conversation.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00706-00197791-00198053": "I am just really excited to bring everything", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00707-00198053-00198542": "that I've learned from my experiences as an administrator", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00708-00198542-00198797": "especially at the state level in these past 15 months", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00709-00198797-00199022": "to my new role at the department", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00710-00199022-00199244": "at a time as Dr. Boushey talked about", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00711-00199244-00199354": "when the president has called", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00712-00199354-00199796": "for such transformational investments in early learning.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00713-00199879-00200073": "I think what I found most challenging", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00714-00200073-00200366": "is I think as Josie was talking about", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00715-00200366-00200719": "is like what all of those different funding streams", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00716-00200719-00201040": "really mean is that they kind of perpetuate", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00717-00201040-00201383": "these consistent inequities in our field", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00718-00201383-00201729": "that show up for children, families, and providers.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00719-00201729-00202147": "For example, sometimes families, when you're sitting here", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00720-00202147-00202261": "looking at all these funding streams,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00721-00202261-00202467": "sometimes that means families pay copays,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00722-00202467-00202711": "and sometimes they don't for the same services.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00723-00202711-00202961": "Sometimes it means children experience", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00724-00202961-00203146": "different environments,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00725-00203146-00203332": "have different experiences in programs.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00726-00203332-00203478": "It means families on the ground", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00727-00203478-00203896": "mean they have different ways of enrolling in the programs.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00728-00203896-00204246": "Educators have different work conditions,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00729-00204246-00204459": "different compensation levels", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00730-00204459-00204700": "that are kind of entirely different", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00731-00204700-00205015": "driven not just by whether a program", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00732-00205152-00205303": "is entirely private pay,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00733-00205303-00205803": "but baked into different public funding streams, right?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00734-00205806-00206266": "Because of differences in the way we reimburse", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00735-00206266-00206573": "and how we set reimbursement levels.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00736-00206573-00207073": "So, I think that we just have this huge opportunity", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00737-00207086-00207459": "with the size and scale of the investments", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00738-00207459-00207777": "that the administration and the president is calling for", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00739-00207777-00207940": "in the American Families Plan", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00740-00207940-00208263": "to I think transform the way we finance,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00741-00208355-00208659": "both to five systems in states", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00742-00208659-00209116": "and finally really kind of build in that equity,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00743-00209116-00209248": "and kind of coherence", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00744-00209248-00209448": "across all of the different funding streams.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00745-00209448-00209728": "So I do think that this is a moment not to just think", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00746-00209728-00209915": "about additional funding streams,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00747-00209915-00210415": "but really how do we bring that kind of equity", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00748-00210636-00210977": "across all of the current and existing funding streams", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00749-00210977-00211104": "with the size and scale.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00750-00211104-00211317": "I really do think this is a moment.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00751-00211571-00211674": "- Thank you, Miriam.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00752-00211779-00212025": "Ajay, I wanna talk to you about,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00753-00212025-00212407": "so we know we have these complex, disconnected systems,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00754-00212407-00212804": "we've had them for a really long time now,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00755-00212804-00213141": "how can federal agencies work together", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00756-00213141-00213341": "to really bring more coherence", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00757-00213341-00213650": "to all of these different programs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00758-00213650-00214029": "and to bring that coherence at the state level as well?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00759-00214208-00214367": "- Great question, thanks Laura.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00760-00214471-00214750": "So I do wanna step back for a second and just say", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00761-00214750-00215117": "how important it is to understand what we have now", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00762-00215117-00215342": "that's gonna serve as our foundation to build on,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00763-00215342-00215659": "and why we have the mix of programs that we do,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00764-00215659-00215952": "and to what degree is that productive,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00765-00215952-00216355": "and how do we make them fit together.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00766-00216355-00216517": "So the birth to kindergarten landscape", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00767-00216517-00216653": "as you've been hearing,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00768-00216653-00216964": "especially from how Lily described it, is complex,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00769-00216964-00217385": "and there is not or could there be one best system", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00770-00217491-00217705": "that for meeting the care development education needs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00771-00217705-00217825": "in the first five years.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00772-00217928-00218171": "We're trying to meet a range of child development goals,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00773-00218171-00218395": "families contexts vary so much,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00774-00218496-00218667": "when families want care and education,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00775-00218667-00218929": "they wanna it to occur in homes as well as centers,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00776-00218929-00219169": "and they want fluidity across the years.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00777-00219169-00219430": "As most of the audience knows, but it's good to emphasize,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00778-00219430-00219710": "we have several largely separate components,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00779-00219710-00219915": "pieces in early care and education,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00780-00219915-00220221": "each of which is really small right now in scale", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00781-00220221-00220507": "relative to the service needs of American children.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00782-00220507-00220908": "So as Hanna pointed out and Lily said,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00783-00220908-00221112": "Lily is in the majority.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00784-00221112-00221289": "83% of people who are eligible", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00785-00221289-00221511": "do not get a childcare assistance.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00786-00221644-00221888": "And I think it's also important", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00787-00221888-00222015": "to mention the Head Start program.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00788-00222015-00222267": "So Head Start funding from the federal government", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00789-00222267-00222514": "goes directly from the federal government", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00790-00222514-00222742": "to program grantees.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00791-00222742-00223008": "And is focused on supporting the development", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00792-00223008-00223116": "and learning opportunities for young children", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00793-00223116-00223310": "from disadvantaged families and communities,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00794-00223310-00223447": "and includes both early learning", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00795-00223447-00223667": "and a comprehensive health and social services support.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00796-00223667-00223867": "So that's one purpose and goal.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00797-00223867-00224033": "Childcare subsidies", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00798-00224033-00224245": "flow through block grant funding to states.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00799-00224245-00224455": "And it's focused largely on parental employment", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00800-00224455-00224569": "of very low income families", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00801-00224569-00224913": "when he came into scale in about the 1990s.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00802-00224913-00225192": "It's a cap funding the provides minuscule support", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00803-00225192-00225369": "relative to the children and family who needed.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00804-00225369-00225619": "It's narrowly targeted, very few gets served,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00805-00225619-00225785": "and those who do get low cost care", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00806-00225785-00226055": "that cannot support quality and education.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00807-00226055-00226371": "Pre-school was independently created at the state level", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00808-00226371-00226667": "and local level and then also in the 1990s.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00809-00226667-00226881": "And mostly, most of what we have,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00810-00226881-00227082": "was built between 1995 and 2005,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00811-00227082-00227326": "and it's really been kind of stagnant", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00812-00227326-00227567": "in most places not all places since then.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00813-00227567-00228038": "And then special education, it's also underfunded.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00814-00228038-00228223": "So special education which provides", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00815-00228223-00228433": "early intervention special education services", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00816-00228433-00228650": "for children birth to five,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00817-00228852-00229348": "only reaches about three to 5% of all kids in the country,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00818-00229348-00229573": "while it's estimated that 10 to 14%,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00819-00229573-00229784": "I think the important thing to realize", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00820-00229784-00230275": "is that all of these are so small relative to what's needed.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00821-00230492-00230817": "So it's gonna take a lot of coordinators.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00822-00230817-00230950": "First of all, the most important thing", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00823-00230950-00231140": "is growing them and building them.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00824-00231140-00231344": "And so that none of these programs are actually shrinking.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00825-00231344-00231481": "One is not replacing the other,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00826-00231481-00231736": "we're going from four programs to one.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00827-00231736-00231900": "There is a lot that is valuable,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00828-00231900-00232110": "but as I said, each one meets different needs,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00829-00232110-00232258": "but we really have to bring them together.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00830-00232258-00232412": "And it's really gonna have to be the federal government", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00831-00232412-00232502": "that does that.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00832-00232502-00232678": "Because the resources to support", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00833-00232678-00232844": "the kind of infrastructure that we need", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00834-00232844-00233167": "to go from serving just this number of kids", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00835-00233167-00233383": "to serving that number of kids", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00836-00233383-00233688": "requires increasing Head Start, increasing childcare,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00837-00233688-00234044": "increasing pre-school, and improving special education.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00838-00234044-00234198": "We in \"Cradle to Kindergarten\"", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00839-00234198-00234585": "recommend that we remake Head Start", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00840-00234585-00234721": "to be a birth to five program", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00841-00234721-00234880": "that serves at least as many one-year-olds", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00842-00234880-00234981": "as it does three-year-olds", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00843-00234981-00235203": "and provides the comprehensive developmental services", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00844-00235203-00235381": "that were needed when it was created", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00845-00235381-00235542": "and are needed at a much earlier age.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00846-00235542-00235696": "A Head Start starts sooner now.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00847-00235798-00235981": "That subsidies become an assurance.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00848-00235981-00236250": "They move from a block grants to an entitlement.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00849-00236250-00236480": "That they earn insurance of both access, affordability,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00850-00236480-00236813": "and quality to all working families who are eligible", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00851-00236813-00237044": "through the middle-class, who can't afford this.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00852-00237044-00237375": "And that preschool serves all children three to four", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00853-00237635-00237944": "with payment levels that support both high quality", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00854-00237944-00238127": "and the investments that we need", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00855-00238127-00238582": "in coaching and curriculum that...", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00856-00238582-00238832": "And so from my standpoint, what you need to do", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00857-00238832-00239110": "in terms of making the system come together", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00858-00239110-00239541": "is at the federal level is, this is huge.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00859-00239541-00239889": "If what's proposed in the American Families Plan", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00860-00239889-00240312": "was to become law or a large part of it was to become law,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00861-00240312-00240591": "it's the Marshall Plan moment for early care and education", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00862-00240591-00240888": "that we have been waiting for for decades.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00863-00241002-00241221": "It's gonna mean taking things", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00864-00241221-00241503": "and growing them by scales of three to four", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00865-00241503-00241729": "within a few years.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00866-00241729-00241839": "But remember this federal government", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00867-00241839-00241996": "doesn't implement any of this.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00868-00241996-00242187": "I mean, except for Head Start (chuckling),", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00869-00242187-00242416": "it all has to then be coordinated at the state level", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00870-00242416-00242895": "and fit into that like crazy plumbing structure", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00871-00242895-00243179": "(chuckling) that Hanna laid out.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00872-00243179-00243473": "So what we're gonna need at the federal level is,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00873-00243473-00243737": "and both the US Department of Education", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00874-00243737-00243887": "and the US Department of Health and Human Services", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00875-00243887-00244037": "play important roles.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00876-00244037-00244219": "Two of the funding streams I just mentioned", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00877-00244219-00244461": "flow out of one and two flow out of the other.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00878-00244461-00244771": "And they both connect to a lot of other services", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00879-00244771-00245108": "like ACA, elementary school and education,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00880-00245108-00245340": "and TANF, and other programs.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00881-00245340-00245471": "So both are gonna be needed.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00882-00245471-00245756": "What I have said is the first priority at the federal level", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00883-00245756-00245906": "is that we're really gonna need,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00884-00245906-00246173": "and I hate this word, an ECE czar,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00885-00246173-00246449": "White House leadership that really says,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00886-00246559-00246884": "we're gonna be increasing early care and education", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00887-00246884-00247271": "from almost little to everybody.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00888-00247271-00247432": "Within the next few years", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00889-00247432-00247669": "that is on the scale of what we have to do with the ACA.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00890-00247669-00247967": "And in fact, it starts from a much lower base (chuckling)", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00891-00247967-00248273": "than what we had to do with the ACA, the Affordable Care Act", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00892-00248273-00248501": "which I think most people know.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00893-00248501-00248817": "And it crosses multiple agencies.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00894-00248817-00249136": "So I think that's gonna be really essential.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00895-00249136-00249235": "In the Obama administration", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00896-00249235-00249671": "we had created an interdepartmental government organization", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00897-00249671-00249877": "because you do also have to include treasury and labor", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00898-00249877-00250138": "because we're gonna be adding 2 million jobs for mothers", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00899-00250138-00250273": "through this initiative,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00900-00250273-00250446": "and we're gonna be tripling the size", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00901-00250446-00250656": "of the early care and education workforce.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00902-00250758-00250852": "So, I think that's important.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00903-00250852-00250992": "There's a whole other question", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00904-00250992-00251282": "about how this then leads to governance at the state level,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00905-00251282-00251547": "but I've already gone on, so (chuckling) I'll stop there.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00906-00251842-00251986": "- Thanks, Ajay.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00907-00251986-00252486": "And we can come back to more about the state level", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00908-00252529-00252854": "and what the federal government can do to help", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00909-00252944-00253115": "really bring that coherence at the state level,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00910-00253115-00253451": "but there was a question that came in from the audience", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00911-00253451-00253598": "that I wanna jump into.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00912-00253598-00254079": "And I think that this brings up a really important point", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00913-00254079-00254438": "is that where does support", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00914-00254438-00254876": "for home-based family childcare providers come in", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00915-00254876-00255302": "because this question notes that,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00916-00255642-00255784": "so they're not left behind.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00917-00255784-00256138": "And I think, sometimes family childcare providers", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00918-00256138-00256307": "much like kindergarten and first grade", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00919-00256307-00256588": "are often overlooked in some different ways.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00920-00256588-00256967": "And so how do we make sure that they're included", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00921-00256967-00257279": "and meet sometimes unique needs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00922-00257279-00257666": "that family childcare providers have.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00923-00257666-00258105": "And I'm curious to get all of your perspectives on that", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00924-00258105-00258367": "and Josie as well.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00925-00259602-00259871": "- Josie, if you're talking you're on mute.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00926-00259871-00259955": "I'll give you a second--", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00927-00259955-00260263": "- [Josie] Hi, I'm not sure if you guys can hear me.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00928-00260263-00260417": "I lost connection for a second.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00929-00260417-00260638": "I'm sorry, I did not catch that whole question,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00930-00260638-00260776": "I was trying to reconnect.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00931-00260917-00261310": "- Oh, no worries, so let me just repeat it real quick.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00932-00261421-00261794": "Really it was about federal support and how do we make sure", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00933-00261794-00262178": "that family childcare providers aren't left behind.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00934-00262178-00262332": "What's needed at the federal level", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00935-00262332-00262634": "to better support family childcare providers?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00936-00262634-00262948": "- I would like to see a lot more family engagement", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00937-00262948-00263235": "or family childcare provider engagement.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00938-00263235-00263354": "Right now it seems like", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00939-00263354-00263718": "we're not being part of the conversation.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00940-00263718-00263976": "And I think it would be really nice for people", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00941-00263976-00264476": "to start asking and engaging with providers", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00942-00264536-00264707": "and finding out what we need,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00943-00264707-00264876": "our needs are completely different", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00944-00264876-00265269": "than people that are working in centers and Head Start.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00945-00265269-00265686": "And right now there's very little (indistinct)", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00946-00265686-00265956": "with family childcare programs.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00947-00265956-00266416": "And so I really think that part of this needs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00948-00266767-00267161": "to be that we're really engaging", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00949-00267161-00267392": "with the providers that are doing the work.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00950-00267927-00268213": "- Thanks, Josie, anyone else wanna jump in?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00951-00268599-00268828": "- Yeah, I can jump in and share a few thoughts.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00952-00268828-00269255": "I mean, I think that we have a very strong,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00953-00269255-00269381": "I'm coming from Oregon", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00954-00269381-00269832": "where we had a very strong family childcare sector", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00955-00270117-00270276": "as part of our mixed delivery system", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00956-00270276-00270737": "that participated in private,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00957-00270737-00270998": "as part of our state preschool program,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00958-00270998-00271232": "I think as Josie talked about.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00959-00271232-00271732": "And we're about 20% of the mixed delivery system", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00960-00271794-00271934": "of our state preschool programs.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00961-00271934-00272393": "So I do think that it took,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00962-00272393-00272639": "though it did take a lot of intention", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00963-00272639-00272838": "to really be able to make that happen.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00964-00272957-00273457": "It took at the state level being very intentional", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00965-00273683-00274070": "about the grant award processes, transparency,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00966-00274070-00274481": "doing grant award applications in multiple languages,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00967-00274481-00274744": "thinking about grant review committees,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00968-00274882-00275145": "I mean and that's just sort of just the tip of the iceberg", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00969-00275145-00275645": "thinking about how professional development is delivered,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00970-00275704-00275895": "thinking about networks.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00971-00275895-00276070": "I mean, my experience though,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00972-00276070-00276498": "is that quality and standards,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00973-00276498-00276899": "and all of that can be just as robust,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00974-00276899-00277198": "and in family childcare, I just think,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00975-00277512-00277943": "we need to think about the way it is supported", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00976-00277943-00278118": "and how that looks different,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00977-00278118-00278367": "and think about and challenge some of the ways", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00978-00278367-00278654": "in which our award processes", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00979-00278654-00279014": "and our competitive grant processes need to be effective", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00980-00279014-00279354": "and tailored to the family childcare context and process", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00981-00279354-00279670": "because they are not large organizations", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00982-00279670-00280056": "with sort of infrastructure, I mean some of those pieces.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00983-00280056-00280255": "So I think you just have to be intentional about it,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00984-00280255-00280553": "but I think it is really important.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00985-00280717-00280915": "Well, I'll stop there in the interest of time,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00986-00280915-00281114": "I know we need to move on.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00987-00281114-00281409": "And recently in looking at some broader data,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00988-00281409-00281743": "I think most states are moving in general", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00989-00281743-00282075": "in a direction to think about family childcare", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00990-00282075-00282222": "at least as part of preschool systems.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00991-00282222-00282722": "And we know they play already a big role in subsidy so.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00992-00282794-00282977": "- Yeah-- - And in this (indistinct),", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00993-00282977-00283131": "yeah.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00994-00283131-00283392": "- I think even over the last year", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00995-00283392-00283795": "that's become even more present,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00996-00283795-00284101": "the important role of that family childcare plays.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00997-00284101-00284317": "All right, so in the interest of time", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00998-00284317-00284817": "I'm gonna ask two questions that build on each other,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-00999-00284841-00285133": "first part for Miriam, second part for Chris.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01000-00285133-00285399": "So Miriam what can the federal government do", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01001-00285399-00285804": "to help state bring universal programs to scale", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01002-00285804-00285923": "given where they are now?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01003-00285923-00286173": "And then Chris, I'd love for you to just talk briefly", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01004-00286173-00286462": "about the research that really backs that benefit", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01005-00286462-00286646": "to a universal approach.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01006-00286974-00287474": "- Sure, I think I'll sort of say I think two things here.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01007-00287517-00287979": "One is, I think it's time to sort for us", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01008-00287979-00288346": "to shift in thinking about answering this question of,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01009-00288346-00288603": "will it be a mixed delivery system?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01010-00288603-00288845": "I mean, I think we're moving towards,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01011-00289172-00289351": "we've learned coming out of COVID,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01012-00289351-00289619": "it is a care and education system.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01013-00289619-00289929": "I think Ajay said this so elegantly,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01014-00289929-00290356": "we are moving towards, there are two purposes, right?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01015-00290356-00290672": "This is the purpose of children's learning and development", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01016-00290672-00291042": "and supporting families and women going back to work.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01017-00291042-00291265": "These purposes come together around", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01018-00291265-00291557": "and they are equally upheld", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01019-00291557-00291917": "and important as we build these birth to eight systems,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01020-00291917-00292000": "right, for children,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01021-00292000-00292212": "because we've all learned after COVID", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01022-00292212-00292443": "that K-12 helps families work as well, right?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01023-00292443-00292715": "Some of us have known and understood that for a long time.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01024-00292715-00293104": "So within that context it is a mixed delivery system.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01025-00293104-00293484": "So we need to stop asking", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01026-00293484-00293633": "will it be a mixed delivery system,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01027-00293633-00293743": "or we need to start thinking about", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01028-00293743-00293988": "how we're gonna build infrastructure", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01029-00293988-00294213": "and what can we do to build infrastructure", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01030-00294213-00294444": "to support consistent quality", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01031-00294444-00294584": "across a mixed delivery system.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01032-00294584-00294929": "To my point earlier, what it looks like to support quality", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01033-00294929-00295293": "in a family childcare environment", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01034-00295293-00295447": "might look different than centers,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01035-00295447-00295615": "will look different than schools,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01036-00295615-00295876": "that all have different challenges as Ajay talked about", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01037-00295876-00296109": "from getting to here to here, right?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01038-00296109-00296370": "In terms of being able to meet the quality standards", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01039-00296370-00296512": "that Chris talked about.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01040-00296512-00296713": "So I think that is part of it.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01041-00296713-00297138": "Well, how do we build common enrollment systems", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01042-00297138-00297404": "so that families aren't braving the market", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01043-00297404-00297541": "of multiple wait lists", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01044-00297541-00297793": "and different ways to find and sign up.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01045-00297793-00298190": "So these things, workforce systems,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01046-00298190-00298438": "workforce development systems, PD systems,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01047-00298438-00298723": "that support a mixed delivery system in birth to five.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01048-00298723-00298969": "So I think that's some of what we need to start", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01049-00298969-00299250": "to coordinate again, across all those funding streams", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01050-00299250-00299347": "that Ajay talked about.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01051-00299347-00299690": "So shift the thing it's no longer will it be mixed delivery", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01052-00299690-00300147": "is how do we build capacity in states, in communities", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01053-00300147-00300401": "to be able to support consistent quality", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01054-00300401-00300759": "and deliver integrated services in a mixed delivery system.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01055-00300759-00300995": "And I think the second thing is how you scale is,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01056-00300995-00301184": "especially thinking about equity", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01057-00301184-00301524": "is be able to help states focus on high need communities", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01058-00301524-00302024": "and scale programs focused on high need communities first", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01059-00302024-00302334": "and being able to integrate all of those funding streams.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01060-00302334-00302568": "We're not gonna put all of those funding streams together,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01061-00302568-00302904": "but how can you integrate and align those funding streams", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01062-00302904-00303203": "focused on high-need communities first,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01063-00303203-00303528": "and let states and communities identify those", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01064-00303528-00303894": "and build programs that way as we go from here to here", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01065-00303894-00304034": "as Ajay talked about.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01066-00304576-00304825": "- And picking up the second part of your question, Laura,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01067-00304825-00305150": "about the research behind the universality approach.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01068-00305150-00305650": "So we know that all kids benefit from universal pre-K,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01069-00305674-00305946": "no matter what their demographic characteristics are,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01070-00305946-00306380": "we universally see this across the literature.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01071-00306380-00306628": "And we see that some kids do benefit more.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01072-00306628-00306763": "So children from families", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01073-00306763-00306963": "with middle-income, dual language learners", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01074-00306963-00307279": "and children with special needs, especially benefit.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01075-00307279-00307779": "And we also know that when we do segregate kids by income,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01076-00307815-00308049": "as Hanna touched on earlier,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01077-00308049-00308255": "they learn less, they still learn but they learn less", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01078-00308255-00308465": "than they do in a universal program.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01079-00308465-00308801": "And so the kinds of approaches that Miriam's talking about", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01080-00308801-00309293": "where we try to get to universal access to high quality care", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01081-00309293-00309496": "and education zero to five", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01082-00309496-00309629": "and start with those communities", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01083-00309629-00309868": "where we have higher concentrations", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01084-00309868-00310152": "of those who can benefit most makes a lot of sense", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01085-00310152-00310461": "from a research and a practical perspective.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01086-00310461-00310544": "It's important to note", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01087-00310544-00310706": "that we don't have a lot to say, right?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01088-00310706-00310925": "On the zero to three universal side.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01089-00310925-00311105": "And that's because we really haven't tried it", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01090-00311105-00311198": "in this country, right?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01091-00311198-00311507": "So we need a lot more investment in research on that end", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01092-00311507-00311872": "because we know that most infants, all the adults in there,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01093-00311872-00312244": "their household pre-pandemic were working, right?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01094-00312244-00312506": "And so there is a tremendous need", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01095-00312506-00312841": "for high quality care across the income spectrum.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01096-00313162-00313515": "- Thank you, all right, Ajay, coming back to you.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01097-00313515-00313770": "So assuming that federal funding", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01098-00313770-00314175": "is really in place to pay for a universal access,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01099-00314175-00314599": "to pay for the quality early childhood education we need,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01100-00314599-00314918": "what should governance daily look like at the federal level", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01101-00314918-00315128": "to ensure alignment", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01102-00315128-00315525": "from birth through the early elementary years?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01103-00315525-00315846": "And what are your thoughts on how we could get there?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01104-00315958-00316081": "- Yeah, so I think this picks up", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01105-00316081-00316174": "from what I was saying before.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01106-00316174-00316668": "So I think in addition to having national leadership,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01107-00316668-00316906": "I mean, national leadership obviously,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01108-00316906-00317165": "administration leadership from within the White House", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01109-00317165-00317433": "to move this forward in a robust way quickly,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01110-00317573-00317824": "we're gonna need both the Department of Education", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01111-00317824-00318006": "and Health and Human Services", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01112-00318098-00318229": "continue to play leading roles.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01113-00318229-00318312": "And this is gonna really make", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01114-00318312-00318563": "intergovernmental work important.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01115-00318563-00318796": "But like we said, there's gonna be labor standards,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01116-00318796-00319047": "there's gonna be increased pay compensation.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01117-00319047-00319369": "There's gonna be childcare tax credits", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01118-00319369-00319592": "which we haven't talked about, but which are super robust", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01119-00319592-00319769": "and serve even more families", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01120-00319769-00320016": "than the assurance would.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01121-00320103-00320268": "And I think to make that all that work,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01122-00320268-00320768": "you'll continue to need an intergovernmental policy agency.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01123-00320827-00321043": "Again, reporting to the czar for the period in which,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01124-00321043-00321185": "I don't think you need a czar forever.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01125-00321185-00321398": "I think for three to five years to get this going", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01126-00321398-00321673": "and get this on the ground to do.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01127-00321673-00321934": "But I do think and I do wanna say the bigger challenge", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01128-00321934-00322059": "is at the state level, right?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01129-00322059-00322378": "The federal government sets the parameters and provides", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01130-00322378-00322682": "and will have to provide the lion's share of this funding.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01131-00322682-00322938": "Otherwise we're gonna have even more patchwork system", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01132-00322938-00323239": "than we do now, if it's not mostly federal.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01133-00323239-00323732": "And so at the state level we did a lot of work,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01134-00323732-00323940": "Chris Weiland, Taryn Morrissey", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01135-00323940-00324102": "and other of our coauthors and I,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01136-00324102-00324285": "over the last five years, working with states", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01137-00324285-00324546": "including the state of Oregon and the state of Colorado.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01138-00324546-00324813": "And all the states as they're getting ready for this moment,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01139-00324813-00325114": "or as they want it to be in this moment if it was to occur,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01140-00325114-00325279": "have really come to the conclusion.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01141-00325279-00325468": "I think the ones that have really thought about it,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01142-00325468-00325561": "that you're gonna have to have", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01143-00325561-00325763": "a single governance structure.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01144-00325763-00326019": "So Colorado has a bill right now", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01145-00326019-00326182": "that's being debated supported by the governor", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01146-00326182-00326479": "to create a single cabinet level agency", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01147-00326479-00326661": "for all early care and education", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01148-00326752-00326977": "that exists within the Department of Education", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01149-00326977-00327081": "in a similar way,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01150-00327081-00327246": "though, there's still things being done in Oregon", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01151-00327246-00327514": "to support that being even more integrated.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01152-00327514-00327922": "But I think that in order to make these resources work", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01153-00327922-00328079": "coming down from the federal government,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01154-00328079-00328492": "at least preschool and childcare", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01155-00328492-00328737": "need to be integrated at the state level.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01156-00328737-00328911": "And that's gonna be controversial", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01157-00328911-00329044": "and it's not gonna be easy,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01158-00329044-00329347": "but if you're not gonna do it when you're here", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01159-00329347-00329685": "you're never gonna get to here in a good cohesive way.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01160-00329685-00329866": "Because in the plan as we lay out", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01161-00329866-00329974": "in \"Cradle to Kindergarten\"", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01162-00329974-00330274": "as I see in the president's plan,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01163-00330365-00330827": "more than half the kids who get preschool enrollment", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01164-00330827-00330974": "are also receiving childcare", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01165-00330974-00331100": "for the summers and the weekends,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01166-00331100-00331360": "that has to work seamlessly.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01167-00331360-00331573": "Half of them will be in community-based programs.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01168-00331573-00331753": "Half of them will be in schools.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01169-00331841-00332149": "Making all of that work is gonna require integration.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01170-00332149-00332451": "And I guess really joint leadership", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01171-00332451-00332738": "and it really should be a standalone birth to five agency", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01172-00332738-00332988": "that reports directly to the governor is my sense.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01173-00333340-00333485": "- Anyone else wanna weigh in?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01174-00334169-00334555": "Josie, I wanna come back to you.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01175-00334555-00334947": "If you had an elevator ride with a member of Congress,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01176-00334947-00335200": "what would you tell them is most needed", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01177-00335200-00335581": "from your perspective for a strong ECE system?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01178-00335970-00336283": "- So from my experience in education,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01179-00336283-00336473": "the thing that I know is that", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01180-00336473-00336719": "we can't achieve full inclusion", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01181-00336719-00336989": "without supporting the people that are doing the work.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01182-00336989-00337457": "Increase investments, increase wages, reduce ratios,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01183-00337457-00337631": "fund mentors and coaches,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01184-00337631-00337826": "robust funding of early intervention", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01185-00337826-00338014": "and early childhood special ed.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01186-00338014-00338330": "So they can help us in our program.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01187-00338330-00338602": "And while I appreciate being invited today,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01188-00338602-00338774": "I am only one voice.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01189-00338774-00338959": "And I'm certainly not representative", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01190-00338959-00339301": "to all those working in early childhood care and education.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01191-00339301-00339704": "Please continue to ask us to the conversation,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01192-00339704-00340076": "but anyone who chooses the career of early childhood", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01193-00340076-00340453": "is undervalued, underresourced and underpaid.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01194-00340453-00340598": "We need to be paid well.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01195-00340598-00340769": "We need to have access to mental health", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01196-00340769-00340957": "for ourselves and the children we work with,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01197-00340957-00341122": "medical dental, time off,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01198-00341122-00341416": "access to substitutes and transparent systems.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01199-00341648-00341894": "I don't know if you guys can still hear me (chuckling).", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01200-00341894-00342107": "- We can keep going.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01201-00342199-00342493": "- [Josie] Transparent systems that come alongside us", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01202-00342493-00342713": "and work for us, not against us.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01203-00342713-00342901": "It's a system that's currently running", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01204-00342901-00343140": "on the love and passion of people like me", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01205-00343140-00343329": "and that's not enough to sustain it.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01206-00343610-00343792": "- Thank you, thank you, Josie.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01207-00343979-00344126": "Miriam you get the last one.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01208-00344245-00344482": "What are some steps do you wanna take next", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01209-00344482-00344699": "to get to the center of vision?", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01210-00345074-00345379": "- Well, I think as Ajay said,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01211-00345379-00345869": "I'm really excited to build back", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01212-00345869-00346142": "and build back in a durable way", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01213-00346454-00346672": "the connection and the strategy", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01214-00346672-00346994": "and the presence of early childhood education", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01215-00346994-00347142": "within the Department of Education,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01216-00347142-00347351": "then secretary has", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01217-00347507-00347857": "really strong values that align with early learning,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01218-00347857-00348214": "centering families, communities equity,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01219-00348214-00348427": "we have as spent, as been talked about today,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01220-00348427-00348927": "an incredible vision and focus on early learning", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01221-00349018-00349235": "out of this administration.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01222-00349235-00349735": "So I think that work to coordinate across higher ed,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01223-00349826-00350147": "across Office of Special Education Programs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01224-00350147-00350459": "and early intervention, early childhood special education,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01225-00350459-00350726": "I think there are significant equities in the department,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01226-00350726-00351044": "the title programs and discretionary grant programs", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01227-00351044-00351268": "in elementary and secondary ed.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01228-00351268-00351704": "Title I, this budget calling for significant advancements", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01229-00351704-00351909": "in Title I equity grants.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01230-00352062-00352347": "There is so much within the department,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01231-00352347-00352524": "I think, that can be leveraged to support", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01232-00352524-00352838": "early childhood systems and states and communities.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01233-00352838-00353191": "So focusing on that and the work", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01234-00353350-00353601": "with the Department of Health and Human Services", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01235-00353726-00353989": "is I think a huge priority for myself.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01236-00353989-00354310": "The secretary I think is needed at this moment.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01237-00354310-00354672": "So I really see that as an important part", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01238-00354672-00355081": "of my role right now, until the czar arrives.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01239-00355081-00355295": "I think the field needs us", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01240-00355442-00355832": "to really be not just coordinating", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01241-00355832-00356159": "and collaborating around program administration,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01242-00356159-00356454": "which has been happening and has continued to happen", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01243-00356454-00356623": "even across the past four years.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01244-00356623-00357123": "And my gratitude to the career civil service staff", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01245-00357150-00357519": "at the department who have really kept that going", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01246-00357519-00357678": "in a really important way.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01247-00357678-00358014": "But I think that the policy coordination", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01248-00358229-00358453": "needs to be brought back and elevated.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01249-00358453-00358806": "And I think especially as well the work around", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01250-00358806-00359014": "the early grades, if we achieve this vision,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01251-00359014-00359279": "kindergarten and first grade needs to look different.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01252-00359383-00359722": "So I think that's an important part of as well", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01253-00359722-00360187": "what the Department of Education can bring to the table.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01254-00360187-00360388": "So-- - Thanks Miriam", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01255-00360388-00360660": "and I wholeheartedly agree.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01256-00360660-00360787": "Well, thanks to all of you", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01257-00360787-00361129": "and I will turn it over to Hanna to close us out.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01258-00361330-00361475": "- Great, thank you so much", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01259-00361475-00361766": "to all of our presenters and panelists today.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01260-00361766-00361947": "We started today considering the crisis", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01261-00361947-00362175": "the early childhood is still within", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01262-00362175-00362384": "and what that's meant for families,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01263-00362384-00362529": "but also weigh in on a vision.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01264-00362529-00362818": "And I hope that this wonderful panel have left you is,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01265-00362818-00363058": "this is an opportunity for us to rethink", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01266-00363058-00363285": "our federal investments in early childhood", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01267-00363285-00363615": "and to do something big that builds upon what we have,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01268-00363615-00363897": "but doesn't revert to the status quo.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01269-00363897-00364170": "So I wanna thank our partners, New America,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01270-00364170-00364344": "the Education Policy Initiative,", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01271-00364344-00364605": "and authors of \"Cradle to Kindergarten,\"", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01272-00364605-00364861": "LPI, and our partners have some wonderful resources", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01273-00364861-00365170": "on the slide and available to you in the chat box.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01274-00365170-00365323": "A recording of this webinar", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01275-00365323-00365476": "is going to be shared with you", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01276-00365476-00365837": "as well as many of the resources we shared today via email.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01277-00365837-00366107": "And finally I'd like to mention that a survey will appear", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01278-00366107-00366253": "in your window when you leave the webinar", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01279-00366253-00366454": "and we really appreciate your feedback.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01280-00366454-00366571": "Thank you so much.", "bXIvRtaHAFu-01281-00366571-00366781": "And we hope that you have a wonderful day."}}, {"audio_id": "bYnMxYA2pUI", "text": {"bYnMxYA2pUI-00000-00000000-00000656": "Hi there. Today I'm just going to unpick a seam because I have to switch a zipper", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00001-00000656-00001496": "and talk to you a little bit about... keeping your creative energy up.", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00002-00001522-00002606": "October is...well this time of year really... is the worst part of the year when it comes to", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00003-00002606-00003561": "low energy and pain for me so I can't be bothered to do much. What I am trying to", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00004-00003561-00004446": "do is keep creating. Because if I don't, I know I'm gonna feel even worse.", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00005-00004594-00005154": "So now you know why I have no make up, haven't done my hair anything I'm just", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00006-00005155-00006203": "unpicking a zipper. I'm doing my best to do these creative things, both the", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00007-00006203-00006945": "things I have to do but also the things that I want to do. Because I know", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00008-00006945-00007788": "wat it's like not to and that's really not a place I want to go to. I think that we all", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00009-00007788-00008610": "need to create. I think that if we have the desire to create in some way and we", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00010-00008610-00009920": "don't, then it affects all parts of life. It affects your mood. It affects your", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00011-00009920-00010400": "interactions with other people, your relationships. If you have a job it will", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00012-00010400-00011279": "definitely affect your job. You just feel like crap pretty much if you're not", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00013-00011279-00012249": "doing what you love. If you're not doing what you're put on this earth to do, for", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00014-00012249-00013019": "those who believe in such things, then you're gonna feel miserable", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00015-00013019-00013441": "And I'm not talking about dropping everything and doing this huge thing.", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00016-00013441-00014369": "I'm talking about doing tiny little things whatever you're able to do. Just to get", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00017-00014369-00015209": "some creative time in there and lift yourself up. That's all I had for today", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00018-00015209-00015851": "I'm gonna keep unpicking this zipper. Seam ripping is a drag but this jacket", "bYnMxYA2pUI-00019-00015851-00016403": "definitely needs it. I will see you next time, bye bye"}}, {"audio_id": "bYBT9m2N5hA", "text": {"bYBT9m2N5hA-00000-00000479-00000986": "IN EXERCISE DYNAMIC MANTA THAT WE'RE HOSTING RIGHT NOW IN THE CENTRAL", "bYBT9m2N5hA-00001-00000986-00001488": "MEDITERRANEAN SEA, WE'RE GOING TO BE PRACTICING FINDING SUBMARINES USING A", "bYBT9m2N5hA-00002-00001488-00002009": "TASK GROUP CONSISTING OF SHIPS, FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT HELICOPTERS, AND", "bYBT9m2N5hA-00003-00002009-00002379": "OTHER SUBMARINES.", "bYBT9m2N5hA-00004-00002379-00002752": "SUBMARINES HAVE A WIDE VARIETY OF CAPABILITIES: THE ABILITY TO LAUNCH", "bYBT9m2N5hA-00005-00002752-00003145": "MISSILES THAT CAN THREATEN OUR POPULATION CENTERS' CRITICAL", "bYBT9m2N5hA-00006-00003145-00003752": "INFRASTRUCTURES AND OUR NATIONS, SO IT'S VERY IMPORTANT FOR NATO TO UNDERSTAND", "bYBT9m2N5hA-00007-00003752-00004164": "WHERE ADVERSARIES SUBMARINES ARE.", "bYBT9m2N5hA-00008-00004164-00004871": "IT'S A VERY ASYMMETRIC PROBLEM IN OTHER WORDS IT OFTEN TAKES SEVERAL FACETS JUST", "bYBT9m2N5hA-00009-00004871-00005012": "TO TRACK ONE SUBWAY."}}, {"audio_id": "bYFpKlxh0r0", "text": {"bYFpKlxh0r0-00000-00000000-00000446": "Many moons ago magic just poof, disappear", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00001-00000540-00000790": "We need to find out what happen and bring it back", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00002-00000943-00001039": "What is that?", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00003-00001039-00001154": "The Pegasus Crystal", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00004-00001172-00001521": "Maybe you lost your magic because the crystals were separated", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00005-00001521-00001870": "So, if we put them back together..", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00006-00001870-00002043": "Magic will return?!", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00007-00002043-00002333": "And all three pony kinds will get along again!", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00008-00002333-00002467": "*Get ready*", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00009-00002467-00002605": "We'll going on a quest", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00010-00002605-00002823": "Big talk for a little pony", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00011-00002823-00003094": "I think you'll find I'm average height", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00012-00003094-00003229": "*To power up*", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00013-00003406-00003690": "Her sparkle is so bright right now!", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00014-00003690-00003833": "*And pony up*", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00015-00003933-00004025": "What do we gonna do?", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00016-00004237-00004371": "Ta-Daa!", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00017-00004413-00004499": "Alright!", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00018-00004499-00004610": "Come on, everypony!", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00019-00004880-00005219": "If you are looking for a crystals we've got like a gazillion of them!", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00020-00005219-00005294": "Crystals!✨", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00021-00005294-00005363": "Crystals!!✨✨", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00022-00005363-00005436": "✨Crystals!✨", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00023-00005436-00005503": "Crystals! :D", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00024-00005503-00005764": "She does know that we are just looking for the one, right?", "bYFpKlxh0r0-00025-00005806-00006006": "* In cinemas 24 September*"}}, {"audio_id": "bYHIAcEI1FQ", "text": {"bYHIAcEI1FQ-00000-00000382-00000526": "we're out on Lake Erie", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00001-00000958-00001440": "We're live from a zodiak in the middle of Lake Erie", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00002-00001524-00001846": "how many people can do that?", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00003-00001886-00002276": "I just was turning on my phone and got a signal", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00004-00002276-00002606": "so I thought hey, let's go live", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00005-00002692-00002928": "you'll have to wait a few months...", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00006-00002954-00003224": "the states over there, canada over there", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00007-00003224-00003504": "you'll have to wait a few weeks for the actual video to come out", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00008-00003504-00003810": "but we tought we would treat you to a live, but I can't see", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00009-00003810-00004072": "if you sign on i can't see you", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00010-00004126-00004498": "off to our right is pelee island", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00011-00004548-00004800": "to our left, the united states", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00012-00005330-00005698": "and behind me is royalberries my mom", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00013-00005698-00006512": "we're with captain dean of pelee island charters", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00014-00006512-00006712": "we just wanted to say hi", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00015-00006836-00007036": "people are signing in but i can't see", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00016-00007122-00007322": "so whoever you are hello", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00017-00007366-00007566": "its nice of you to join us", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00018-00007654-00007854": "we just went and got pigeon roost", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00019-00007962-00008162": "cormorant's roost!", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00020-00008274-00008474": "oh sorry, cormorant's roost", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00021-00008564-00008764": "a 5/5 virtual", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00022-00008856-00009056": "been on our list forever and we finally got it", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00023-00009146-00009346": "we're staying at pelee island for a couple of days", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00024-00009768-00010120": "and we have the peanut gallery in the back", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00025-00010124-00010472": "dont make me stop this zodiak", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00026-00011268-00012224": "79 years old she is back there no okay not quite 79 should be 79 next month", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00027-00012278-00012785": "okay we're coming up the middle island which is the most southerly point in", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00028-00012785-00013566": "Canada a lot of people think the pelee island is but it isn't this walkable", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00029-00013566-00013988": "middle island which is about four kilometers south of pelee Island", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00030-00013988-00014497": "you're not allowed to go on it from April until October but we're going to", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00031-00014497-00015044": "take a little cruise around and see what we can see from where we are we can see", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00032-00015152-00015352": "from where we are we can see", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00033-00015441-00016247": "Perry's monument on the US island which was a memorial to the war of 1812 almost ohhhhh", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00034-00016247-00016873": "almost lost you over the side are you - checked all the comments once we get back our lands", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00035-00016873-00017382": "but thanks for joining us don't forget to cache canada", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00036-00017515-00017917": "just get out here at cache", "bYHIAcEI1FQ-00037-00018348-00018670": "all right stop"}}, {"audio_id": "bYI7l2Yp5bE", "text": {"bYI7l2Yp5bE-00000-00000022-00000600": "MORE THAN 40 THOUSAND FOOTBALL FANS CAME TO THE ALOHA STADIUM IN HAWAII FOR THE 2014 NFL", "bYI7l2Yp5bE-00001-00000600-00001087": "PRO BOWL. THE PRO BOWL ALSO CONTINUED ITS TRADITION OF HONORING THE MILITARY BY INCLUDING", "bYI7l2Yp5bE-00002-00001087-00001340": "SERVICE MEMBERS STATIONED IN HAWAII IN THE FESTIVITIES.", "bYI7l2Yp5bE-00003-00001340-00001821": "\"I THINK IT'S AN EXTREMELY IMPORTANT AND AMAZING THING THAT THE NFL'S WILLING TO", "bYI7l2Yp5bE-00004-00001821-00002401": "RECOGNIZE SERVICE MEMBERS AT A VENUE LIKE THIS JUST BECAUSE THERE'S HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS", "bYI7l2Yp5bE-00005-00002401-00003006": "OF US DOING WHAT WE DO...AND EVERYONE HAS THEIR OWN DIFFERENT JOB, SO FOR SUCH A LARGE,", "bYI7l2Yp5bE-00006-00003006-00003403": "I GUESS IN FACT, THANK YOU, COMING FROM THE NFL IT'S AN AMAZING EXPERIENCE THAT ALL", "bYI7l2Yp5bE-00007-00003403-00003407": "OF US APPRECIATE\"", "bYI7l2Yp5bE-00008-00003407-00003822": "THE COMMANDER OF U.S. PACIFIC FLEET, ADMIRAL HARRY HARRIS, PERFORMED THE COIN TOSS FOR", "bYI7l2Yp5bE-00009-00003822-00004402": "THE GAME. IS2 EVANS, WHO IS US PACIFIC COMMAND'S ENLISTED SERVICE MEMBER OF THE YEAR, PRESENTED", "bYI7l2Yp5bE-00010-00004402-00004707": "THE MOST VALUABLE PLAYER AWARDS AT THE END OF THE GAME.", "bYI7l2Yp5bE-00011-00004707-00004960": "TECH SERGEANT MICHAEL JACKSON, HONOLULU, HAWAII."}}, {"audio_id": "bYNQiomegRk", "text": {"bYNQiomegRk-00000-00000316-00000516": "Velg paint"}}, {"audio_id": "bZfdy3dJ4pI", "text": {"bZfdy3dJ4pI-00000-00000325-00001034": "Frozen to if you've seen all the reviews for frozen - generally it's well-received praised for its heart and story and all that good stuff", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00001-00001066-00001568": "But there's this deep undertone of the movie that as far as I can tell hasn't been dissected", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00002-00001620-00002249": "Frozen - takes us deep into the unknown but much do we take for granted just how unknown the deep truly goes", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00003-00002290-00002720": "Wait what let's start with this. Have you ever heard of a thing called The Last Airbender?", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00004-00002800-00003000": "Specifically the show not the movie", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00005-00003097-00003647": "Excuse me, thinking of the movie just yeah. Okay. Anyways frozen to essentially develops on that narrative", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00006-00003705-00004088": "Reimagining the idea of avatar and the four elements into this enchanted world", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00007-00004120-00004802": "The four elements are not found as benders. However, but are still reflected by beings or spirits made up of their respective element", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00008-00004855-00005044": "Elsa the last ice bender", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00009-00005044-00005744": "Essentially experiences her own personal transformation into the avatar by the end and in a nod to both Airbender and The Legend of Korra", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00010-00005755-00006287": "She is not only the bridge between the elements but the human and spirit world as well. I", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00011-00006339-00006620": "Swear, the only thing missing in this movie is pro-bending", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00012-00006628-00006956": "What wait, maybe she does a little bit of that now, of course", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00013-00006956-00007595": "I'm not trying to say that Airbender was the originator of the four elements truly that concept is found rooted in ancient", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00014-00007623-00008294": "Philosophy and religion of the Greeks and Egyptians and if we really want to get into what they believed they didn't invent the elements either", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00015-00008311-00008525": "That's God's handiwork, but I digress", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00016-00008599-00009233": "Frozen does a beautiful job of bringing those ideas that avatar captured so well and putting them into a frame of reference", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00017-00009234-00009768": "That is unique unto itself and carries a certain magic that just feels familiar as we progress throughout the story", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00018-00009852-00010265": "As mentioned we see the elements themselves come to life in their own unique ways", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00019-00010309-00010667": "Most notably and true to form would be our friend the fire salamander", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00020-00010725-00011477": "For those unfamiliar with ancient Greek alchemy. The salamander was actually the symbol of the fire elementals someone at Disney has done their homework", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00021-00011536-00011681": "along with this adorable critter", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00022-00011681-00011831": "We also see a water horse", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00023-00011831-00012119": "Which they fully borrowed from the king of cups in patch taro", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00024-00012127-00012756": "The wind from the game flower by that game company and my favorite the rock fighters from neverending story", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00025-00012789-00012989": "returning for their role as the earth spirits", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00026-00013026-00013250": "Now moving on from the elements concept", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00027-00013272-00013979": "Another curious decision to build into the fundamentals of this movie was to incorporate the work of dr. Emoto very heavily", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00028-00014004-00014559": "I mean leaning into it hard make body slamming the audience with a continuous stream of lines", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00029-00014590-00015240": "Mostly from Lefou wait. Sorry Olaf about how water has memory and it remembers everything", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00030-00015370-00015619": "And honestly, I'm not at all upset about that", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00031-00015654-00015704": "actually", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00032-00015704-00016054": "If there's one way to get human consciousness to wake up to a new idea", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00033-00016059-00016393": "it's to get that idea in front of billions of people and then", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00034-00016404-00016954": "Repeatedly tell them over and over and that is precisely what Disney has done here now", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00035-00016954-00017446": "I know there's probably some who are out there going to be very upset about this because some people believe that dr", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00036-00017446-00017637": "Emoto was a bit cracker doodle", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00037-00017637-00018148": "So it's worth noting that the science here is more than a little legit, and I'm not just talking about Emoto", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00038-00018195-00018956": "Recent discoveries by a German group of scientists demonstrated that water was able to carry a microscopic pattern based on the surrounding environment", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00039-00018987-00019378": "Carrying the pattern and integrating with future patterns it received over time", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00040-00019379-00019816": "I won't get into the specifics here, but I'll put a link in the comments if you want to learn more", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00041-00019868-00020551": "Ultimately, the study showed us that water really does have memory and that water can pick up and store information from all of the places", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00042-00020551-00021094": "It's travelled through connecting people and places through time by the memories that it carries. Ah", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00043-00021212-00021862": "how beautiful and we can take this even deeper if we consider this from the lens of Greek alchemy and the", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00044-00021897-00022547": "Relationship of the element water to our emotional bodies, then we can see that it is our emotions through which memories are stored", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00045-00022622-00022993": "Think about it if you are emotionally invested in some big life event", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00046-00022993-00023287": "It means a lot to you and you have no problem recalling it", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00047-00023297-00023860": "But try and remember what you had for lunch like 7 weeks ago unless it was a particularly memorable lunch", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00048-00023860-00023906": "I mean", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00049-00023906-00024301": "Maybe you just happened to sit down for a meal with I don't know the Avengers", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00050-00024323-00024459": "with the exception of those", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00051-00024459-00025054": "instances things like this generally get faded out of our minds in favor of the things that mean a lot more to us and", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00052-00025062-00025492": "This brings us to where frozen tube gets deep and I mean deep", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00053-00025550-00025975": "One of the main themes of frozen to if not the mainest main theme", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00054-00025975-00026452": "is that of a social commentary on the relationship between the indigenous cultures of the world and", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00055-00026562-00026688": "well", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00056-00026688-00027277": "White folk and they released the movie just in time for Thanksgiving - of course, they've done it in a way", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00057-00027277-00028030": "that's very tasteful and accessible considering the route subject matter here is the mass genocide and suppression of an entire civilization that gave us", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00058-00028050-00028680": "Pretty much the world we have today and that can be a rather uncomfortable part of life that people don't like talking about", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00059-00028711-00029063": "But here's where the unknown lights up with spiritual sparkles", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00060-00029137-00029586": "Traditionally in many ye old symbolic languages such as the Tarot for example", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00061-00029589-00030068": "The elements are often represented by special items in the instance of the Tarot", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00062-00030069-00030470": "We have the cups wands swords & Pentacles or disks", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00063-00030511-00030855": "These are the water fire air and earth elements", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00064-00030855-00031457": "Which of course are metaphors for our emotions our spiritual willpower our minds and our physical bodies?", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00065-00031513-00032142": "Towards the finale of frozen - during the big reveal where we see how the war between the two cultures broke out in the first", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00066-00032142-00032570": "Place we see it was well just like it was in real life", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00067-00032641-00033317": "Malicious intent from the white people leader who was afraid of the natives because they used magic and decided to kill them", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00068-00033328-00033801": "But at the moment of this big reveal we see the way it happens the general with a sword", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00069-00033826-00034424": "Standing over the native leader holding a cup. I don't think we can get a screenshot of this scene in particular just yet", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00070-00034428-00034661": "so here's a patch man version instead for now as", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00071-00034687-00035460": "We just explored the sores reflect the element of air which is the mind and thoughts and the cups are the emotions and the feelings", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00072-00035518-00035979": "When you really dive into the Tarot it also explains how when the mind is not tempered with. Peace", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00073-00035979-00036630": "It can become an instrument of suffering confusion and cruelty you see for the indigenous leader", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00074-00036631-00036808": "They could have given him anything", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00075-00036808-00037181": "He could have been smoking a peace pipe playing a drum or whatever", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00076-00037192-00037484": "But the producers gave him a cup why", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00077-00037534-00038142": "The scene and story is a description of cutting off from one's feelings and looking at the world through a limited", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00078-00038158-00038474": "Perspective and this action is rooted in fear", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00079-00038554-00038722": "This subtle yet", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00080-00038722-00039483": "Powerful imagery shows us what happens when we create from a place devoid of feeling without empathy or an emotional connection to ourselves or others", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00081-00039523-00039803": "We lose our compassion and then our humanity", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00082-00039877-00040565": "This is doubly made powerful by knowing that the Ace of Cups. The root of emotion is labeled as compassion", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00083-00040636-00040836": "Gee-whiz tarot. So cool", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00084-00040884-00040944": "and", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00085-00040944-00041537": "Finally much of the plot is based around this large dam that was built by the general as a really a false gift", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00086-00041569-00042266": "Weakening the magical forest and the people who dwell there. The dam itself is a reflection of the barrier that society has installed", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00087-00042268-00042831": "Which limits us from truly being free to express ourselves keeping the magic within us trapped inside", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00088-00042838-00043133": "I say that society has installed", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00089-00043194-00043760": "Specifically because it was not the current generation who built the dam but several generations prior in the movie", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00090-00043801-00044078": "indicating that all of us are born today into a world that", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00091-00044113-00044597": "Conditions us to think a certain way about life and it's up to all of us to go back into history", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00092-00044638-00044921": "Discover the truth about who we are where we came from", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00093-00045016-00045441": "At last has and change our future with new information in", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00094-00045481-00046188": "Addition to that the movie also explains how to solve this problem in another way through the character Kristoff. Sure", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00095-00046188-00046805": "He spent the majority of the movie trying to get hitched which at least it's the man swooning as opposed to the woman", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00096-00046806-00046887": "Which let's face", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00097-00046887-00047559": "It is overdone, but there was one part where he was singing with Sven the reindeer and the song ends with Sven singing", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00098-00047616-00047861": "Kristoff let down your guard", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00099-00047920-00048034": "and", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00100-00048034-00048372": "This is how we break our own inner emotional dams", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00101-00048427-00048870": "Stop being so uptight and defensive and open your heart to love", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00102-00049083-00049574": "My very last point am I the only one who noticed that Elsa fully teleported at the end", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00103-00049583-00049646": "I mean look", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00104-00049646-00050044": "She's way up here in the North Isles the dam breaks down here and goes", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00105-00050058-00050497": "Rushing to arendelle with like crazy momentum and within a split second", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00106-00050497-00050902": "She's there just in time to stop the flood and then the water just completely", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00107-00050910-00051421": "Vanishes like we don't get to see that it probably would have bounced off the rocks and came back, but no, that's fine", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00108-00051421-00051841": "It's just gone anyways at the end of the day. I'm certain that even with everything", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00109-00051841-00052072": "We've covered we could still go a lot deeper here", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00110-00052086-00052649": "But hey, it's a start if there's something else you noticed in this movie share it in the comments below also", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00111-00052679-00052850": "This is the beginning of a new series", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00112-00052850-00053288": "Let us know what else you'd like to see the spirituality of and we'll talk about it soon in another episode", "bZfdy3dJ4pI-00113-00053333-00053533": "Thank you very much. See you next time"}}, {"audio_id": "bZj_KVU8_oo", "text": {"bZj_KVU8_oo-00000-00000216-00000552": "Hey you do you like quality content that's sure to make you smile?", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00001-00000616-00001592": "Um yeah? Well then this channel is not for you!", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00002-00003664-00004384": "Well guys, we did it! It's been one whole year on YouTube, frankly it's pretty exciting.", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00003-00004456-00004992": "Now you're probably thinking: well what are you gonna do for this one year special on YouTube?", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00004-00004992-00005368": "Like, like what are you gonna do? Something really special? Something really cool?", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00005-00005368-00005856": "What are you gonna do? Well my friend, the first section of the video should start right about-", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00006-00006288-00006464": "Comedy isa Joke is probably one of the most", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00007-00006464-00006768": "popular things on my YouTube channel, and for good reason.", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00008-00006768-00007184": "I work pretty hard on the episodes even though I think some of them kind of suck.", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00009-00007312-00007672": "But yeah, I'm currently working on a new episode,", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00010-00007672-00008072": "I won't tell you anything about it because it's a surprise and you all", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00011-00008072-00008536": "you all like surprises so I'm not going to tell you anything about the next episode,", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00012-00008536-00009096": "you guys are gonna have to wait, be patient I'm gonna take a while but but it'll be worth", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00013-00009096-00009720": "it probably hopefully, maybe, most likely not. But still, just wait for the episode to come out", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00014-00009720-00010208": "and then judge. In case you guys didn't already know, Comedy isa Joke was a series created by me", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00015-00010272-00011104": "and my friend Alex and my brother. And that's how it started which is why they're all the main cast", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00016-00011104-00011744": "the main cast is me, my brother Es, and my friend Alex. At least that was the original cast", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00017-00011744-00012296": "while Get Santa was being made or as I call it: the pilot. It's not actually supposed to be the", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00018-00012296-00012847": "pilot but I decided to make it one because it's not an official episode anymore so I just deemed", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00019-00012847-00013408": "it to be a pilot now so that's what it is. It's not a good pilot at all so yeah but that's what", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00020-00013408-00013744": "it is and you're gonna have to deal with it or you're not gonna have to deal with it,", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00021-00013744-00014344": "I don't really care and I don't know, I'm dumb. Okay so basically while working on the pilot,", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00022-00014447-00015160": "of the episode Get Santa, I decided that I'm gonna make some comics. Comics are fun right right like", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00023-00015160-00015712": "comics are funny or like some comics are funny and so i decided to make a bunch of comics and", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00024-00015712-00016288": "so i made a lot of comics uh until the episode released which i released on like december 1st", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00025-00016400-00017216": "because yes um so yeah that's the origin the origin of comedy's a joke basically it's just", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00026-00017216-00017800": "like a thing that we made after a while a little bit of drama was going on between me and alex", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00027-00018304-00018952": "you guys love some spicy drama don't you drama drama drama drama uh but anyway yeah we got some", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00028-00018952-00019592": "to some drama it wasn't really drama it was just um lame fighting i guess uh basically alex was", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00029-00019592-00020176": "mad that i i wasn't being in a bunch of his videos while he was being on all of my videos", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00030-00020176-00020840": "because we used to share the channel makenito uh and then i was like okay fine i quit or something", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00031-00020840-00021456": "like that and then he was like okay you quit or no i think he made me leave or something like that", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00032-00021520-00022288": "uh but yeah it was so then i left and uh then yeah that's what happened but then after a little while", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00033-00022288-00022904": "um i decided uh that or alex decided that he wanted to be back in comedy's a joke", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00034-00022904-00023368": "because he actually left comedy as a joke when i left uh the alex and tux channel which was", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00035-00023368-00024120": "the original makenito channel so when i originally left it's um er when he so he told me that he", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00036-00024120-00024784": "wanted to come back obviously right um so then uh i decided to put him back in a comic and it was", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00037-00024864-00025416": "cool he was back in the show and it stayed like that from then on but in between that time we", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00038-00025416-00026008": "added soft with the guy who was um another one of my friends based off another one of my friends", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00039-00026080-00026727": "um and so yeah that was him uh he was the replacement for alex until alice came back and now", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00040-00026727-00027312": "there's four cast members which is pretty cool uh so yeah that's what happened between me and alex", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00041-00027376-00027904": "then after that i decided to stop being a lazy piece of crap and start doing some work because", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00042-00027904-00028416": "in case you didn't know i actually stopped making animations after alex left because i just got lazy", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00043-00028416-00028968": "then i continued making comics so i was like maybe i should start working on an episode", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00044-00029024-00029552": "so then i came up with the idea of part-time jobs part-time jobs was actually it's actually a really", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00045-00029552-00030192": "old idea uh it's actually an idea that came before neighbors and then i just thought of neighbors", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00046-00030264-00030880": "i just had to scrap the idea since it felt too hard to make uh and then i got work to on started", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00047-00030880-00031424": "working on neighbors then after i finished working on neighbors i started making more", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00048-00031424-00031888": "and more comedy joke episodes along with all a whole bunch of other videos on my youtube channel", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00049-00031944-00032840": "um and then i decided huh i should revisit this idea of part-time jobs where um different people", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00050-00032904-00033536": "or dif the characters would get part-time jobs um so yeah that's what i decided to do i remade", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00051-00033616-00034056": "the thumbnail there was actually an original thumbnail uh it's probably popped up on screen", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00052-00034056-00034808": "right now uh and then i started getting to work on the new episode and yeah it's the longest comedy's", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00053-00034808-00035432": "joke episode uh and it was animated in less than a week i felt like it was very rushed animation wise", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00054-00035520-00036120": "um and but yeah that's it is what it is um you can kind of tell that it's rushed if you look at it", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00055-00036200-00036736": "um because you could see all like a bunch of imperfections and stuff like that but overall", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00056-00036736-00037248": "i'm pretty happy with it uh i'm happy with every comedy joke episode uh because i work", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00057-00037248-00037816": "very hard on them and yeah that's the entire history of comedy's a joke in a nutshell", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00058-00037872-00038320": "you can find more information on my website in the link in the description along with", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00059-00038320-00038656": "a whole bunch of other links there's a lot of links in the description", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00060-00038728-00039272": "thank you me from the past anyway the next thing we're going to be talking about is my birthday", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00061-00039272-00039808": "because in case you didn't know i was a good boy i waited until i was 13 to make a youtube channel", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00062-00039864-00040536": "so when it was my 13th birthday which was last year uh the day after i made the youtube channel", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00063-00040592-00041216": "uh so that's why my birthday and my channel are one day apart and that's why this video", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00064-00041216-00041760": "is a combination of both so we're celebrating two birthdays my birthday and the channel's birthday", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00065-00041760-00042456": "so i i'm gonna take this time to celebrate my own birthday and sing happy birthday to myself okay", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00066-00042456-00043984": "let's go happy birthday to me i don't have any friends happy birthday to me happy birthday to me", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00067-00044192-00045264": "happy birthday to me why can't i have any friends wow past me that was surprisingly depressing", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00068-00045344-00045728": "anyway on the topic of having no friends i'm gonna be showing you a video", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00069-00045728-00046696": "that one of my friends made because i actually do have friends yo talks happy birthday let's go", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00070-00046928-00047608": "the shrek baby i would just like to say that's a great honor to have the shrek baby wish me a", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00071-00047608-00048112": "happy birthday personally and personally whenever it's his birthday i'm going to wish him a happy", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00072-00048112-00049184": "birthday too because it's the shrek baby what else would you want anyway let's see the next one", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00073-00050480-00051128": "that was a very highly sophisticated video that matlab made he made it probably took him", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00074-00051128-00051664": "like a million hours to make um because he probably had to scream his lungs out", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00075-00051744-00052352": "and he probably died 50 times because it's hard to scream your lungs out but if you have this much", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00076-00052352-00053120": "dedication to making an amazing video like this then um it's definitely worth it and i am honored", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00077-00053184-00053888": "to have matt ladd and the shrek baby um wish me an amazing happy birthday and if you don't wish", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00078-00053888-00054520": "me happy birthday then something bad is gonna happen to you um you're gonna be on my list of", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00079-00054520-00055032": "people who didn't wish me happy birthday which is really bad so you don't want to do that um", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00080-00055136-00055855": "so anyway uh now i'm going to hope that my future self has something interesting to say uh for the", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00081-00055855-00056616": "next section of the video thanks past me and i decided to not do anything interesting just to", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00082-00056679-00057344": "annoy the past self so what am i going to do i'm just going to end the video right now uh so yeah", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00083-00057344-00057952": "if you enjoyed the video then like the video and subscribe to all my youtube channels which will be", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00084-00057952-00058655": "linked in the description along with literally everything else and yeah so i hope you enjoyed", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00085-00058655-00059304": "this video hope you enjoy my channel and i just want to say thank you for coming along i didn't", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00086-00059304-00059960": "even expect to get 50 subscribers well i'm not 50 subscribers but i didn't expect to get this many", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00087-00059960-00060728": "subscribers which is a pretty pretty huge number 40 46 while i'm recording this it might grow", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00088-00060800-00061488": "um but yeah i just want to say that it's pretty cool that i was even able to make this channel", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00089-00061552-00062408": "um and yeah so anyway i hope you enjoyed this video have a lovely day and once you wish someone", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00090-00062408-00063024": "whose birthday's shares is the same birthday as mine a happy birthday because what are you doing", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00091-00063024-00063584": "right now you're you're not wishing me a happy birthday i'm wishing myself a happy birthday", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00092-00063688-00064255": "but you should wish one of your friends whose birthday is today or yesterday or", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00093-00064255-00064648": "tomorrow you should wish them a happy birthday or whenever you're watching the video just just", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00094-00064648-00065096": "wish wish someone a happy birthday even if their birthday isn't on this day even if you don't know", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00095-00065096-00065904": "the person if you even if you don't know who this person is just say happy birthday just just say", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00096-00065904-00066360": "happy birthday to some random person i don't care who you you say happy birthday to you just say", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00097-00066360-00066920": "happy birthday to someone it'll make their day so much better hey guys it's tux here i'm gonna be", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00098-00066920-00067392": "doing an end card i don't usually do an end card but i decided to do this time since a special", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00099-00067392-00067992": "video so um yeah this is not gonna be really eventful i'm gonna just be announcing you stuff", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00100-00067992-00068480": "cause you haven't already noticed i haven't really been posting that much object juice again is on", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00101-00068480-00069160": "hiatus don't worry it's not gonna be canceled like um leos was twice at least canceled twice", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00102-00069160-00069896": "and i'm still working on the comedy joke episode um i don't know if i'm gonna release two uh or one", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00103-00069992-00070616": "but yeah um between now and november i'm not going to releasing one or two episodes", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00104-00070688-00071248": "um but uh it just depends on how i feel because i'm already working on one and if", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00105-00071248-00071864": "i finish it early i might work on the other uh but yeah so anyway i really hope you enjoyed", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00106-00071864-00072376": "this video it's amazing that i'm now 14 years old i'm an old guy now guys i'm really old", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00107-00072432-00073024": "and also the channel is one years old which is pretty old but not that old and yet time flies by", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00108-00073024-00073424": "really fast like i was in eighth grade because i made the channel when i was in eighth grade", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00109-00073424-00073960": "and now i'm in high school which is pretty big because high school is like the last school you", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00110-00073960-00074552": "go to before you go to college and so yeah uh that as you can notice if you haven't already noticed", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00111-00074552-00075072": "my voice has definitely gone deeper compared my first video to my last video this video", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00112-00075072-00075488": "and you could definitely notice the difference it's not getting any higher she's going to get", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00113-00075488-00076184": "lower and lower uh and puberty's hitting me like a rock or like a baseball bat or something like that", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00114-00076256-00076928": "um but yeah anyway i hope you enjoyed the video please subscribe and like the video bye", "bZj_KVU8_oo-00115-00077144-00078248": "yo talks yo yo talks happy birthday let's go"}}, {"audio_id": "bZkyAhdELC4", "text": {"bZkyAhdELC4-00000-00001673-00002333": "Welcome to lesson 11 of GraviCalc Marble Computers, where each week we build a new digital logic", "bZkyAhdELC4-00001-00002333-00002704": "computer circuit out of GraviTrax marble runs.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00002-00002704-00003357": "We’re doing this to learn how computers and other electronics work deep down inside.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00003-00003357-00003839": "If you had a computer named Texas, then you could say we’re figuring out what goes on", "bZkyAhdELC4-00004-00003839-00004228": "“Deep in the Heart of Texas”.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00005-00004228-00004422": "Okay that was a corny joke.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00006-00004422-00004779": "Besides, who would name their computer Texas?", "bZkyAhdELC4-00007-00004779-00005311": "I think people would be more likely to name their computers “Lee Inthot“.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00008-00005311-00005682": "Then their computers could be deeply in thought.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00009-00005682-00006262": "Or I’d name my computer “Urin Side”, because then I could figure out what goes", "bZkyAhdELC4-00010-00006262-00006588": "on deeper inside my computer.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00011-00006588-00007184": "I’m the Masked Marble, and my videos are about all things GraviTrax.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00012-00007184-00007664": "Speaking of “deep”, did you know how deep God’s love for us is?", "bZkyAhdELC4-00013-00007664-00008248": "It is so deep that he was willing to sacrifice the life of his only son to redeem us from", "bZkyAhdELC4-00014-00008248-00008592": "the death that results from our sins.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00015-00008592-00009292": "Jesus himself said, “No one has greater love than this: to lay down his life for his", "bZkyAhdELC4-00016-00009292-00009392": "friends.”", "bZkyAhdELC4-00017-00009392-00010078": "Now, some people have suggested that God was being mean to his son Jesus by sending him", "bZkyAhdELC4-00018-00010078-00010217": "to die for us.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00019-00010217-00010814": "But no, the Bible predicted that Jesus’ sacrifice was only a temporary hardship that", "bZkyAhdELC4-00020-00010814-00011354": "he would endure, and that God would raise him back to life afterwards.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00021-00011354-00011902": "So even though Jesus’ death was the greatest sacrifice that could be given, it was not", "bZkyAhdELC4-00022-00011902-00012099": "a permanent death.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00023-00012099-00012285": "It was not the end of Jesus’ existence.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00024-00012285-00012819": "It was a hardship that Jesus had to go through.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00025-00012819-00013487": "The Apostle Paul said that Jesus lives today at the right hand of God the Father, and is", "bZkyAhdELC4-00026-00013487-00013997": "always interceding on behalf of those who trust in him.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00027-00013997-00014511": "And the Bible says that Jesus went through the hardship of his crucifixion willingly,", "bZkyAhdELC4-00028-00014511-00015007": "because of the joy that he knew would result from it, when people who were separated from", "bZkyAhdELC4-00029-00015007-00015675": "God by their sin would be forgiven and restored to God as a result of Jesus’ suffering.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00030-00015675-00016132": "It’s kinda like when your mom or dad tells you to do the chores.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00031-00016132-00016588": "You may find the chores difficult, but your parents understand that you’ll need to know", "bZkyAhdELC4-00032-00016588-00017144": "how to do those chores once you grow up, so that once you get your own house it isn’t", "bZkyAhdELC4-00033-00017144-00017563": "full of stinky garbage and dirty dishes and laundry.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00034-00017563-00018165": "The pain and sacrifice of learning to do chores now, will be worthwhile later on.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00035-00018165-00018743": "So good parents let their children go through hard things, if the sacrifice is worth the", "bZkyAhdELC4-00036-00018743-00018951": "reward.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00037-00018951-00019101": "Guess what GraviCalcers??", "bZkyAhdELC4-00038-00019101-00019282": "I’ve got good news.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00039-00019282-00019970": "Today’s marble computer builds a FULLY AUTOMATIC version of last week’s 2 bit adder, using", "bZkyAhdELC4-00040-00019970-00020486": "only 2 starter sets, 1 scoop, and 1 volcano.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00041-00020486-00020972": "I was thinking it might take 3 starter sets, but thank God, he helped me figure out how", "bZkyAhdELC4-00042-00020972-00021268": "to keep the track simple.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00043-00021268-00021582": "Last week in lesson 10 we built a 2-bit adder.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00044-00021582-00022018": "The problem was, we had to act as our own computer clock.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00045-00022018-00022712": "We had to run the adder for the 1’s place, then wait for that adder to finish its calculation.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00046-00022712-00023288": "Then we had to push a second launch pad to run the adder for the 2’s place.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00047-00023288-00023796": "This week our computer will add a timer circuit that will automatically run the 2’s place", "bZkyAhdELC4-00048-00023796-00024454": "adder after the 1’s place adder has had time to pass along its carry bit.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00049-00024454-00025023": "In other words, the entire track will run by itself, and it won’t pause in the middle", "bZkyAhdELC4-00050-00025023-00025324": "like last week’s marble computer.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00051-00025324-00026022": "Plus we get to use the self-loading volcano trick this week.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00052-00026022-00026168": "This week’s lesson will be short.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00053-00026168-00026520": "If you haven’t watched the previous Marble Computer videos, you’ll want to hold yer", "bZkyAhdELC4-00054-00026520-00026831": "horses and skedaddle back to watch them first.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00055-00026831-00027210": "Because today we’re going to blaze a trail through the desert, and we won’t be stopping", "bZkyAhdELC4-00056-00027210-00027320": "for lolligaggers.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00057-00027320-00027420": "----------------------------", "bZkyAhdELC4-00058-00027420-00027588": "OK, It’s GraviTrax time!", "bZkyAhdELC4-00059-00027588-00028049": "Let’s build a fully automatic 2-bit adder out of GraviTrax!", "bZkyAhdELC4-00060-00028049-00028416": "You’ll need 2 starter sets, a scoop, and a volcano.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00061-00028416-00028943": "Sorry, a Vertical Pro starter set will not have enough height tiles to build this track.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00062-00028943-00029474": "Build today’s marble computer by loading this GraviTrax app code into the free Ravensburger", "bZkyAhdELC4-00063-00029474-00029962": "GraviTrax app, then switching to “manual” mode to get the build instructions.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00064-00029962-00030550": "Today’s Marble Computer will not fully run in the GraviTrax app, because the app does", "bZkyAhdELC4-00065-00030550-00030778": "not allow self-loading volcanoes.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00066-00030778-00032038": "Now go ahead and pause the video, and build the track.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00067-00032038-00032502": "If you want more practice this week filling out logic tables, you can print out the blank", "bZkyAhdELC4-00068-00032502-00033032": "logic table from last week, and fill it out as you run the track.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00069-00033032-00033437": "Before we run our 2-bit adder marble computer, let’s look at what we added.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00070-00033437-00033925": "You’re familiar with the 1-bit adders that we used over the past 2 weeks, but I never", "bZkyAhdELC4-00071-00033925-00034099": "really explained how they work.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00072-00034099-00034291": "Let’s look at them briefly.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00073-00034291-00034838": "Remember when we built the half adder in lesson 8, how we actually combined two logic gates", "bZkyAhdELC4-00074-00034838-00035325": "to get our outputs of the sum bit and carry bit?", "bZkyAhdELC4-00075-00035325-00035944": "Looking at the logic diagram of the half adder, you can see we combined an XOR gate and an", "bZkyAhdELC4-00076-00035944-00036050": "AND gate.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00077-00036050-00036638": "Well, the logic diagram for a full adder has FIVE logic gates.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00078-00036638-00037334": "Two XOR gates, two AND gates, and an OR gate.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00079-00037334-00037815": "When we built our full adder in lesson 10, we didn’t combine 5 logic gates, because", "bZkyAhdELC4-00080-00037815-00038069": "that would have been a large track.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00081-00038069-00038631": "Instead we used a shortcut first developed by Andreas Schleifenbaum.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00082-00038631-00039169": "The idea is to have all 3 marbles you’re adding, go through a series of 2 switches.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00083-00039169-00039693": "The first switch separates the 1st and 3rd marbles from the 2nd marble.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00084-00039693-00040216": "As you know, once you count to 2 in the binary number system, you carry that 2 over to the", "bZkyAhdELC4-00085-00040216-00040433": "next place value.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00086-00040433-00041068": "So that 2nd marble gets separated by the switch and then it does a couple of things: First,", "bZkyAhdELC4-00087-00041068-00041637": "it becomes a carry bit and starts to head towards the next place value to be added over", "bZkyAhdELC4-00088-00041637-00041737": "there.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00089-00041737-00042361": "But second, while on the way it toggles the position of the 2nd switch, so that the first", "bZkyAhdELC4-00090-00042361-00042778": "marble does NOT go into the output landing pad.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00091-00042778-00043056": "This makes the 1’s place a zero.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00092-00043056-00043512": "This is because when we carry over to the 2’s place in the binary number system, we", "bZkyAhdELC4-00093-00043512-00044240": "reset the 1’s place to zero, so that the number 2 is written as a “one zero”.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00094-00044240-00044786": "Then, if there is a 3rd marble, THAT marble goes into the one’s place landing pad because", "bZkyAhdELC4-00095-00044786-00045247": "3 in the binary number system is “one one”.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00096-00045247-00045488": "It’s a pretty elegant shortcut.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00097-00045488-00046277": "Here’s a link to Andreas’ video where he built a 3-bit adder using this concept.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00098-00046277-00046947": "Because Andreas relied on a trick of using a piece of track to toggle the 2nd switch,", "bZkyAhdELC4-00099-00046947-00047577": "his app code for a 1-bit full adder would not run in the GraviTrax app.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00100-00047577-00048261": "I improved upon his design by using the curve merge trick to make the 2nd marble go backwards", "bZkyAhdELC4-00101-00048261-00048799": "through the 2nd switch to toggle it, then continue on to get automatically loaded into", "bZkyAhdELC4-00102-00048799-00049018": "the adder in the next place value.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00103-00049018-00049744": "Afterward, marbles 1 and 3 come along, and depending on the position of the 2nd switch,", "bZkyAhdELC4-00104-00049744-00050178": "may end up in the 1’s place sum bit landing pad.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00105-00050178-00050490": "So that’s how our full adder works.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00106-00050490-00051016": "Now let’s examine the timing circuit we’ve added to our 2-bit adder to make our track", "bZkyAhdELC4-00107-00051016-00051265": "fully automatic.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00108-00051265-00051717": "You may recall that in lesson 5 we talked about the clock signal in a digital logic", "bZkyAhdELC4-00109-00051717-00051817": "circuit.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00110-00051817-00052325": "We talked about how digital logic circuits must wait for their input signals to be ready", "bZkyAhdELC4-00111-00052325-00052486": "before they calculate.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00112-00052486-00052897": "They do this by calculating in sync with a clock signal.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00113-00052897-00053516": "The clock signal in a digital logic circuit gives time for the outputs from the previous", "bZkyAhdELC4-00114-00053516-00054163": "logic gates to arrive at the front door of the current logic gate, before the current", "bZkyAhdELC4-00115-00054163-00054323": "logic gate runs its calculation.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00116-00054323-00054794": "Well, what we’ve done here is we’ve added some things to our marble computer that act", "bZkyAhdELC4-00117-00054794-00054982": "like that clock signal.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00118-00054982-00055525": "We start off by replacing the launch pad in our 2’s place adder with a volcano that", "bZkyAhdELC4-00119-00055525-00055819": "can be triggered by a clock marble.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00120-00055819-00056454": "We go back to the launch pad of our 1’s place adder, and use its empty 3rd slot in", "bZkyAhdELC4-00121-00056454-00057125": "the upper right to release a clock marble that starts the timing circuit.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00122-00057125-00057747": "That clock marble rolls along a length of track, and eventually triggers the volcano", "bZkyAhdELC4-00123-00057747-00058344": "in the 2’s place adder, and that kicks off the 2’s place adder calculation.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00124-00058344-00058876": "But we don’t want the 2’s place adder to start calculating until the 1’s place", "bZkyAhdELC4-00125-00058876-00059163": "adder has completed its calculation.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00126-00059163-00059723": "That’s because the 1’s place adder may be passing along a carry bit that needs to", "bZkyAhdELC4-00127-00059723-00060083": "be included in the 2’s place calculation.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00128-00060083-00060626": "So we need to make the clock marble track last long enough that the carry bit from the", "bZkyAhdELC4-00129-00060626-00061182": "1’s place adder can reach the volcano before the clock marble triggers it.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00130-00061182-00061465": "Why do we need to use a clock marble at all?", "bZkyAhdELC4-00131-00061465-00061866": "Can’t we just use the carry bit marble from the 1’s place to trigger the 2’s place", "bZkyAhdELC4-00132-00061866-00061966": "adder?", "bZkyAhdELC4-00133-00061966-00062579": "Well, the problem is, not all addition problems carry over a 1 to the 2’s place.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00134-00062579-00063248": "For example, 3 plus 2 would be written as “one one” plus “one zero”.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00135-00063248-00063804": "When we add the 1’s place in this problem, we add 0+1, which equals 1, so nothing carries", "bZkyAhdELC4-00136-00063804-00063941": "over to the 2’s place.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00137-00063941-00064554": "Since we sometimes won’t have a carry bit to add, we need a reliable signal that is", "bZkyAhdELC4-00138-00064554-00065144": "always there to trigger the volcano, regardless of whether there is a carry bit.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00139-00065144-00065516": "And that’s our clock marble signal.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00140-00065516-00065887": "We run a clock marble each and every time we run the marble computer.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00141-00065887-00066526": "Now, if there IS a carry bit, that clock marble needs to allow enough time for the carry bit", "bZkyAhdELC4-00142-00066526-00066951": "marble to get loaded in the volcano before the volcano is triggered.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00143-00066951-00067660": "So in our clock marble circuit, we again use our curve merge trick, along with a gravity-reversing", "bZkyAhdELC4-00144-00067660-00068235": "track, which gives the carry bit marble plenty of time to get in place.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00145-00068235-00068532": "So that’s an overview of what we added.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00146-00068532-00069170": "When you run this week’s fully automatic 2-bit adder, remember these things:", "bZkyAhdELC4-00147-00069170-00069740": "Inputs A and B use the input slots of BOTH the volcano and the launch pad.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00148-00069740-00070263": "The volcano will hold the 2’s place bits, and the launch pad will hold the 1’s place", "bZkyAhdELC4-00149-00070263-00070363": "bits.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00150-00070363-00071096": "We’re using red marbles for input A, and blue marbles for input B. So 3 plus 2 would", "bZkyAhdELC4-00151-00071096-00071242": "look like this.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00152-00071242-00071642": "3 in Input A, and 2 in input B.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00153-00071642-00072325": "We’re using the upper right slot of the launch pad to release a clock marble.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00154-00072325-00072848": "Every time you run the track, you MUST put a silver marble in the clock marble slot.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00155-00072848-00073520": "If you forget, the volcano will just sit there, which is pretty boring.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00156-00073520-00073738": "Ignore the marbles that roll into the vortexes.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00157-00073738-00074016": "We’re only counting marbles that end up in the landing pads.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00158-00074016-00074558": "If you don’t have 3 green landing pads, you can use an empty base tile for the 3rd", "bZkyAhdELC4-00159-00074558-00074801": "landing pad.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00160-00074801-00075239": "Each time after you run the marble computer you need to take the following 7 steps to", "bZkyAhdELC4-00161-00075239-00075841": "reset the track for the next run: Step 1, reset all 4 switches so they are pointing", "bZkyAhdELC4-00162-00075841-00076137": "to THEIR RIGHT.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00163-00076137-00076718": "Step 2, remove all remaining marbles from the vortexes and landing pads.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00164-00076718-00077964": "Step 3, reset the two marble cannons with silver marbles.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00165-00077964-00078362": "Step 4, reset the scoop.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00166-00078362-00078649": "Step 5, reset the volcano.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00167-00078649-00079279": "Step 6, load a clock marble in the upper right slot of the launch pad.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00168-00079279-00079520": "You have to do this every time.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00169-00079520-00080257": "Step 7, load the numbers you want to add, into the slots for input A and input B, using", "bZkyAhdELC4-00170-00080257-00080633": "red marbles for input A, and blue for input B.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00171-00080633-00080888": "We’re READY!", "bZkyAhdELC4-00172-00080888-00081186": "Let’s run our marble computer!", "bZkyAhdELC4-00173-00081186-00081638": "I’m not going to run today’s marble computer 16 times like I did last week.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00174-00081638-00081987": "I’ll let you run whatever combinations you want.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00175-00081987-00082369": "Think of numbers that you can add that are no greater than 3, then practice converting", "bZkyAhdELC4-00176-00082369-00082963": "those numbers into their binary equivalent numbers to load in the slots of the volcano", "bZkyAhdELC4-00177-00082963-00083124": "and launch pad.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00178-00083124-00083864": "Now I’ll just show you some video shots of the fully automatic 2-bit adder marble", "bZkyAhdELC4-00179-00083864-00099282": "computer in action!", "bZkyAhdELC4-00180-00099282-00107102": "We’re out of time for this week.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00181-00107102-00107694": "Next week I’ll share app codes with you for 3, 4, and 5 bit adders, so you can build", "bZkyAhdELC4-00182-00107694-00108263": "the biggest adding computer you can with all your GraviTrax sets!", "bZkyAhdELC4-00183-00108263-00108723": "Then the following week, we’ll see what our full adder WOULD have looked like had", "bZkyAhdELC4-00184-00108723-00109044": "we built it out of those 5 logic gates.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00185-00109044-00109461": "After that, we’ve gotta move on to new pasture for our cattle, leaving behind the land of", "bZkyAhdELC4-00186-00109461-00109834": "adders, and moving on to the land of subtractors.", "bZkyAhdELC4-00187-00109834-00110051": "OK, see you next week!"}}, {"audio_id": "bZZ5OHtwiqk", "text": {"bZZ5OHtwiqk-00000-00000200-00000659": "Looking out over the fields on a summer's morning it was easy to believe I had found", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00001-00000659-00000798": "the perfect place.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00002-00000798-00000991": "The land had grown wild.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00003-00000991-00001410": "Tall grasses intermingled with weeds until the horizon dipped.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00004-00001410-00001886": "The old farmhouse was run down but could be renovated with relative ease.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00005-00001886-00002423": "I saw it as a centre for wellbeing retreats, possibly marriages, though I was trying to", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00006-00002423-00002705": "stay away from high maintenance events.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00007-00002705-00003183": "The stable would make very marketable holiday accommodation - though this would require", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00008-00003183-00003511": "more work than the farmhouse to realise.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00009-00003511-00004046": "I had stretched myself financially by buying the farmhouse and its surrounding land and", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00010-00004046-00004521": "outbuildings but I was confident I could make it all a superb earner.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00011-00004521-00005012": "There was only one thing spoiling this as far as I was concerned: The barn.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00012-00005012-00005567": "It was on higher ground behind the farmhouse and even without the building surveyor's report", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00013-00005567-00005989": "it was clear to the naked eye that the wood in the barn was rotten.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00014-00005989-00006522": "It was a basic structure and had no use or possibilities that I could see.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00015-00006522-00007002": "The only option was to tear it down and dispose of the timbers thoroughly.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00016-00007002-00007448": "I had decided working out how to do this was going to be my second job of the day.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00017-00007448-00007754": "The first was to brew myself a pot of coffee.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00018-00007754-00008075": "This was going to be my first day actually living on site.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00019-00008075-00008548": "I had visited repeatedly up to now, driving to and from my apartment.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00020-00008548-00009026": "That was close to a five hour round journey and in no way practical, so I had added the", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00021-00009026-00009475": "cost of a second hand camper van to my overloaded credit card.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00022-00009475-00009946": "It was parked up round the back of the farmhouse and had enough creature comforts onboard to", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00023-00009946-00010141": "make life bearable.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00024-00010141-00010435": "Coffee in hand, I walked up to the barn.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00025-00010435-00010989": "Even on such a beautiful day it was gloomy inside and I felt an immediate chill - though", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00026-00010989-00011470": "this was probably as much to do with my imagination as anything else.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00027-00011470-00011771": "I stood there wondering what the farmer had felt.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00028-00011771-00012243": "Was he scared, or was he relieved that the pressure would be over soon?", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00029-00012243-00012556": "Did he hesitate or was it quick?", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00030-00012556-00013059": "I had learnt what happened through a simple online news search on the area as part of", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00031-00013059-00013384": "my research before making my investment.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00032-00013384-00013940": "The previous owner and occupant of the property and land had been found dead in the barn lying", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00033-00013940-00014593": "on the straw and dirt covered ground, in what the headline had described as a 'tragic incident'.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00034-00014593-00015203": "The article, written after an inquest, had reported that the farmer had died of massive", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00035-00015203-00015972": "blood loss and resultant organ failure, and though the verdict was open, suicide was suspected.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00036-00015972-00016237": "I believed I knew what had driven him to it.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00037-00016237-00016812": "A report that I acquired when I bought the place detailed that the soil had become toxic.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00038-00016812-00017365": "The writer of the report had concluded that the land could no longer be used to grow food", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00039-00017365-00017751": "for human consumption or be grazed by animals.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00040-00017751-00018204": "It must have been a living hell, until he decided to call time.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00041-00018204-00018768": "Hoping that he had found peace, I got my tablet out and took an extensive series of photographs", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00042-00018768-00019076": "as part of my planning to make the barn history.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00043-00019076-00019590": "Pleased with my progress, I was about to knock off for lunch when I noticed something that", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00044-00019590-00020316": "made my heart sink: A small hole high in the eaves of the barn, which I zoomed in on and", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00045-00020316-00020451": "photographed.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00046-00020451-00020999": "The internet and mobile signal was non-existent at the farm so I trudged down to my camper", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00047-00020999-00021376": "van and drove for twenty minutes, until I had two bars.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00048-00021376-00021793": "I went online and a search confirmed my fears.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00049-00021793-00022235": "The hole appeared to be the entrance to a bat roost.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00050-00022235-00022823": "Another five minutes on the web and the next piece of this infuriating jigsaw was in place.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00051-00022823-00023354": "As I had thought, bats were a protected species and it would be illegal for me to destroy", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00052-00023354-00023549": "their habitat.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00053-00023549-00023992": "I spent the rest of the afternoon in the lay-by working through possible solutions and was", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00054-00023992-00024534": "feeling totally deflated when I gave up and set off on the short drive back.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00055-00024534-00024993": "There was no way that did not involve delay and cost.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00056-00024993-00025329": "Once I was parked up, I poured myself a stiff drink.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00057-00025329-00025641": "It was too early really, but I needed it.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00058-00025641-00026169": "To compound my mood, the clear blue skies of earlier were clouding over and within the", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00059-00026169-00026822": "hour a growing wind was rattling the camper van and soon rain was streaking its windows.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00060-00026822-00027463": "I looked at the barn, cursing it, and my empty glass, and watched as rivulets formed and", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00061-00027463-00027947": "the rainwater ran down towards the farmhouse and out over the land.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00062-00027947-00028467": "I had the bottle in my hand about to pour another drink, when the lighting came - a", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00063-00028467-00028700": "flash, bisecting the dusk sky.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00064-00028700-00029170": "I counted off the seconds as I had learnt to do when I was a child and got to ten before", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00065-00029170-00029347": "the thunder growled.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00066-00029347-00029763": "Which made the lighting around ten miles away by my reckoning .", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00067-00029763-00030344": "A second bolt illuminated the sky, and this time my count did not make it to two.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00068-00030344-00030483": "It was getting closer.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00069-00030483-00030680": "I poured that next drink.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00070-00030680-00031195": "Thankfully, the storm eased soon after and I opened the door of the camper van.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00071-00031195-00031666": "The air felt wonderful as I stepped out - and I guess it was a mix of the booze and the", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00072-00031666-00032162": "fresh air that fuelled my sense of wonder as they emerged.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00073-00032162-00032648": "Their presence had ruined my day, could prove to be a major problem, but I did not think", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00074-00032648-00033094": "about that as I watched the bats fly from their roost in the barn.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00075-00033094-00033722": "They were darting, dark shapes against a night sky that, free of the city's glare, shone", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00076-00033722-00033945": "with a multitude of stars.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00077-00033945-00034495": "I was breathless and did not move for a long time after I had lost sight of them.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00078-00034495-00035058": "Invigorated, I decided to take one last look at the barn then call it a night.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00079-00035058-00035579": "Surely I could find a practical way to remove the barn and keep these magnificent creatures", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00080-00035579-00035957": "safe and myself on the right side of the law.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00081-00035957-00036566": "After fetching a torch from the van, I trudged up the now muddy slope and into the barn.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00082-00036566-00037081": "I had kept the beam pointed down to help make sure I did not stumble and now I was in the", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00083-00037081-00037317": "barn, I played it across the ground.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00084-00037317-00037685": "There would be guano among the dirt and straw, I figured.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00085-00037685-00038246": "The light however showed a small, dirty white shape sticking up.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00086-00038246-00038525": "Curious, I bent over to pick it up.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00087-00038525-00038881": "It looked like a fragment of bone - a farm animal's, I assumed.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00088-00038881-00039192": "Now I had seen one of the bones, I noticed more.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00089-00039192-00039402": "They were all fragments.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00090-00039402-00040004": "As I was digging out one which felt stuck, I saw it was actually the tip of a much larger", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00091-00040004-00040104": "bone.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00092-00040104-00040467": "I knelt and began to clear away the surface layer.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00093-00040467-00040806": "I uncovered dozens of bones.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00094-00040806-00041157": "Crushed skulls and sections of rib cage.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00095-00041157-00041301": "Vertebrae.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00096-00041301-00041508": "All human.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00097-00041508-00041608": "Every one.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00098-00041608-00041708": "The barn was a charnel house.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00099-00041708-00041901": "I felt sick, panicky.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00100-00041901-00042143": "All of a sudden I needed to get out of there.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00101-00042143-00042782": "I turned and ran back to the camper van and sat in the driver's seat gasping for breath.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00102-00042782-00042882": "What the hell!", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00103-00042882-00043053": "I thought over and over again.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00104-00043053-00043360": "Why were there human remains in the barn?", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00105-00043360-00043888": "I wondered as well if they were the cause of the toxicity, a poison from them carried", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00106-00043888-00044167": "in the rain down across the land.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00107-00044167-00044406": "I sat there, my mind racing.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00108-00044406-00044753": "And it was then they came.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00109-00044753-00045342": "The bats swept across the sky directly in front of the windscreen, blurred in the darkness", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00110-00045342-00045515": "but I could tell it was them.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00111-00045515-00046037": "I thought they were gone, passed by, then they swept back into view before beginning", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00112-00046037-00046534": "to slip out of sight over the roof of the van and down onto the ground.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00113-00046534-00046994": "I could hear them scurrying around over my head, and then I heard a scratching sound,", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00114-00046994-00047775": "and saw to my horror long, claw like fingernails scraping along the side window.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00115-00047775-00048315": "I flinched, and began to shake as adrenaline began to surge through my body.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00116-00048315-00049061": "I knew in my guts what they were, these things which now rose out of the darkness and stood", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00117-00049061-00049227": "everywhere I could see.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00118-00049227-00049892": "I had always thought such creatures only existed in the realm of the fantastical and yet here", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00119-00049892-00050049": "they were.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00120-00050049-00050568": "These were no sophisticated, sleekly dressed beings, no erotic visions.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00121-00050568-00050874": "They were feral creatures.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00122-00050874-00051107": "Their faces were scarred.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00123-00051107-00051420": "Their eyes small and piercing.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00124-00051420-00052127": "Their mouths opened, revealing sharp hideous teeth, incisors curving down gruesomely.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00125-00052127-00052264": "They began to speak.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00126-00052264-00052504": "My pulse was racing.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00127-00052504-00052615": "My skin burning.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00128-00052615-00053302": "I could not move, only stare in terror as they pressed in closer and closer, all the", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00129-00053302-00053502": "while entreating me:", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00130-00053502-00053754": "\"Invite us in.\"", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00131-00053754-00054352": "They whispered, and once more dragged their fingernails down the window.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00132-00054352-00055027": "Then they began to scream in anger and frustration at me, kept away by a quarter of an inch of", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00133-00055027-00055765": "glass and a thin metal shell and an ancient rule of nature that they could not break.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00134-00055765-00056367": "This continued relentlessly until first light began to ease the darkness away, and as it", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00135-00056367-00057012": "did so the creatures backed off, until I could no longer see them - only the flitting forms", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00136-00057012-00057766": "of bats in the distance, descending on the eaves of the barn, disappearing inside.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00137-00057766-00058500": "I sat and tried to breathe slow and regular as the sun shone down on a new day", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00138-00058500-00058857": "I am not a brave man, I never have been.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00139-00058857-00059441": "But I hope that when my time comes to die I will know in my heart that I always tried", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00140-00059441-00059626": "to do the right thing.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00141-00059626-00059954": "Not just for myself, but for the victims.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00142-00059954-00060538": "The farmer and those nameless souls whose remains I had discovered.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00143-00060538-00061197": "I carried up all the petrol I had to the barn and doused the wood as best I could, then", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00144-00061197-00061417": "I set fire to it.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00145-00061417-00062039": "The flames were slow to take hold at first and as I watched from alongside the van I", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00146-00062039-00062274": "feared I had failed.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00147-00062274-00062819": "Then the fire crackled and spat and began to rise.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00148-00062819-00063170": "Soon the entire structure was engulfed.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00149-00063170-00063729": "I knew they could not flee because the darkness in the eaves was their sanctuary.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00150-00063729-00064301": "But as their sanctuary was stripped away, what would desperation drive them to?", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00151-00064301-00064635": "My answer came close to noon.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00152-00064635-00065158": "Wings flickered, dark against the fire, where the eaves were little more than strands of", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00153-00065158-00065329": "burning wood.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00154-00065329-00066012": "They had no choice but to leave, to escape the fire, and into the deadly gaze of the", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00155-00066012-00066112": "sun.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00156-00066112-00066628": "They were small - the bats I had first seen - but in a moment they shifted, their wings", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00157-00066628-00067280": "became limbs and I could hear screaming as the sunlight touched them and they burst into", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00158-00067280-00067380": "flames.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00159-00067380-00067622": "I sheltered my eyes.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00160-00067622-00067952": "If they fell to ground, I did not see.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00161-00067952-00068443": "They were lost among the burning ash that drifted all around me.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00162-00068443-00068864": "Destroyed, I could only hope and pray.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00163-00068864-00069236": "As for me, I am selling the farm and moving on.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00164-00069236-00070137": "My dream is lost, in bones and pain, in whispers and flames, in dark, twisted creatures scratching", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00165-00070137-00070354": "at a window.", "bZZ5OHtwiqk-00166-00070354-00070756": "This place is forever tainted by these memories."}}, {"audio_id": "barcu2PvJSy", "text": {"barcu2PvJSy-00000-00000612-00001672": "Taurus Psychic Tarot Reading | Weekly Horoscope | January Week 04", "barcu2PvJSy-00001-00002394-00003108": "well this is the energy vibration reading for the Taurus Sun Moon & Rising signs", "barcu2PvJSy-00002-00003109-00003561": "I wanna say thank you for being here thank you for being my thank you for the", "barcu2PvJSy-00003-00003561-00004519": "wonderful positive energy vibration and as the fourth week of the month of", "barcu2PvJSy-00004-00004519-00005301": "January and the week begins from the 21st on till to 27th this week is the", "barcu2PvJSy-00005-00005301-00006307": "energy of the star and you Taurus guys receive also the energy of the star of my god", "barcu2PvJSy-00006-00006307-00006952": "okay so this is wonderful for you tortoise so whatever the situation is", "barcu2PvJSy-00007-00006952-00007759": "and as a really really wonderful positive positive situation so the", "barcu2PvJSy-00008-00007759-00008551": "energy of the star is here for you Taurus okay I want to thank you for", "barcu2PvJSy-00009-00008551-00009213": "being here thank you for being back thank you for the wonderful surprise", "barcu2PvJSy-00010-00009213-00010446": "thank you for the positive images that comes in okay please remember to cross", "barcu2PvJSy-00011-00010446-00011754": "watch like share these videos and let's see now", "barcu2PvJSy-00012-00011754-00012277": "whatever the conflict was there is a win the energy of the temperance is here so", "barcu2PvJSy-00013-00012277-00013180": "the virgos are helping you out um there is the energy of you could be receiving", "barcu2PvJSy-00014-00013180-00013866": "money because there is a situation of I need some of you will be paying or some", "barcu2PvJSy-00015-00013866-00014410": "of you will be receiving okay so some of you Taurus could be paying and some of you", "barcu2PvJSy-00016-00014410-00015022": "could be receiving I'll be aware of a situation that it's friends for the", "barcu2PvJSy-00017-00015022-00015433": "energy of the moon is here so be aware of that situation whenever the energy of", "barcu2PvJSy-00018-00015433-00016219": "the moon is here be careful for your enemies okay so some of you when the", "barcu2PvJSy-00019-00016219-00017041": "situation but here is the energy of your enemies here is a situation where the", "barcu2PvJSy-00020-00017041-00017623": "line of bonds the energy of the line of ones is here and the lava is so some of", "barcu2PvJSy-00021-00017623-00018465": "you are protected from the influence of someone else in your life so there is", "barcu2PvJSy-00022-00018465-00019615": "possibility of protection from a situation or so let's see what is", "barcu2PvJSy-00023-00019615-00021025": "happening there is the energy here Central of the reading is the page and the", "barcu2PvJSy-00024-00021025-00021543": "star which is good really wonderful", "barcu2PvJSy-00025-00021612-00021933": "extremely wonderful", "barcu2PvJSy-00026-00023904-00025056": "the start comes twice and your rating you tolerances start aired twice", "barcu2PvJSy-00027-00025638-00026816": "wheel of fortune victory and success so", "barcu2PvJSy-00028-00026888-00027783": "the energy of the deceitfulness the lies is in Reverse okay and that's a really", "barcu2PvJSy-00029-00027783-00028520": "really positive and whatever has transpired these deceitfulness is", "barcu2PvJSy-00030-00028520-00029287": "basically out of your life which is good so let's look at what is happening", "barcu2PvJSy-00031-00029287-00030438": "obviously there was here obviously there was some battle um conflicts and now", "barcu2PvJSy-00032-00030438-00031263": "these conflicts are basically over and you needed to protect your family", "barcu2PvJSy-00033-00031263-00031726": "whatever the situation that was happening obviously some of you were", "barcu2PvJSy-00034-00031726-00032528": "battling a situation because you needed to protect your family okay and this is", "barcu2PvJSy-00035-00032528-00033157": "positive because you were battling with the knight of rods and a situation with", "barcu2PvJSy-00036-00033157-00033946": "the family and here you are winning this battle and against this person whoever", "barcu2PvJSy-00037-00033946-00034290": "this person is is an Aries Leo or Sagittarius", "barcu2PvJSy-00038-00034290-00035022": "the night of rod could be you protecting your family from this person and this", "barcu2PvJSy-00039-00035022-00035769": "could be your ex this could be a predator there is so many so many things", "barcu2PvJSy-00040-00035769-00036319": "that this could be but whoever this person is you have battled them and you", "barcu2PvJSy-00041-00036319-00036760": "have won the battle and you were trying to bring back your", "barcu2PvJSy-00042-00036760-00037312": "family together in a positive way and this is this is really um really really", "barcu2PvJSy-00043-00037312-00037914": "positive because whereas transferee is that whoever this person is they to try", "barcu2PvJSy-00044-00037914-00038662": "to you know erupt your family energy you're coming in life there are people", "barcu2PvJSy-00045-00038662-00039499": "that are so jealous and so deceiving it could be an ex it could be your kid's", "barcu2PvJSy-00046-00039499-00039859": "father it could be ex-lover whoever this person", "barcu2PvJSy-00047-00039859-00040324": "it's you had to really get them out of your life because they would destroy", "barcu2PvJSy-00048-00040324-00040891": "your family okay now the energy of temperance is here", "barcu2PvJSy-00049-00040891-00041326": "your angels and guides are there working with you behind the scene whether or not", "barcu2PvJSy-00050-00041326-00041830": "you understand that and they're going to be people coming in they're going to be", "barcu2PvJSy-00051-00041830-00042354": "the purpose coming in to help you to resolve the situation that you're not", "barcu2PvJSy-00052-00042354-00043258": "aware of okay so some help and some unseen help is going to be coming in to", "barcu2PvJSy-00053-00043258-00043993": "help you to resolve some of you could be going on practice this is going to be a", "barcu2PvJSy-00054-00043993-00044989": "week you can start applying if you need to do some practice work it is a good", "barcu2PvJSy-00055-00044989-00045612": "week to apply because the answer will be yes", "barcu2PvJSy-00056-00045831-00046750": "whatever that is transpiring you will see clearly at this moment it is not", "barcu2PvJSy-00057-00046750-00047380": "that care but not to worry because um clarity will come in and whatever you're", "barcu2PvJSy-00058-00047380-00047962": "looking guarantee for but whatever you're do you're doing keep doing it", "barcu2PvJSy-00059-00047962-00048745": "because you're going to be seeing wonderful outcomes okay now the page of", "barcu2PvJSy-00060-00048745-00049189": "Pentacles is here over the energy of a page of Pentacles we're dealing with a", "barcu2PvJSy-00061-00049189-00049728": "page of swords and a piece of Pentacles now for some of you", "barcu2PvJSy-00062-00049728-00050583": "who have kids it could be affecting your kids where you need to give a little bit", "barcu2PvJSy-00063-00050583-00050934": "extras whatever the situation is that is that", "barcu2PvJSy-00064-00050934-00051657": "the page of Pentacles is the center so it's going to affect a lot of you so it", "barcu2PvJSy-00065-00051657-00052170": "could be you receive it an invoice or you receive news", "barcu2PvJSy-00066-00052170-00052800": "you have overpaid something something else to inspire where you're receiving", "barcu2PvJSy-00067-00052800-00053572": "message and news and whatever s transpire is as if energy comes in to", "barcu2PvJSy-00068-00053572-00054247": "say no you need to return the money whatever the situation is if someone", "barcu2PvJSy-00069-00054247-00055131": "come in to say no and it's not to you it's a there's help coming in and saying", "barcu2PvJSy-00070-00055131-00055929": "and someone has checked out a situation and it's as if you paid something and", "barcu2PvJSy-00071-00055929-00056283": "then they're checking it and Bri checking it and realizing that you have", "barcu2PvJSy-00072-00056283-00056883": "paid too much and the money is going to be returned to you okay they are checked", "barcu2PvJSy-00073-00056883-00057319": "it out and realized that you have paid too much and the money is going to be", "barcu2PvJSy-00074-00057319-00058522": "returned to you okay so it says if you had a bail you paid on the bail and when", "barcu2PvJSy-00075-00058522-00059288": "they checked it out you've paid too much because of some deception that's as", "barcu2PvJSy-00076-00059288-00060114": "transpire so the money is going to be returned to you this is really crazy but", "barcu2PvJSy-00077-00060114-00060693": "at least the universe steps in or someone step in to make sure that the", "barcu2PvJSy-00078-00060693-00061263": "money is returned to you so here money will be coming to you because whatever", "barcu2PvJSy-00079-00061263-00062038": "it is as if you have paid out on this bill or paid out on something and it's", "barcu2PvJSy-00080-00062038-00062376": "rechecked and they realize that you're paid too much", "barcu2PvJSy-00081-00062376-00063047": "okay so the money will be returned now energy with a magician is", "barcu2PvJSy-00082-00063047-00063578": "here and the energy of the magician carries the Empress this is good so here", "barcu2PvJSy-00083-00063578-00063959": "you are you're going to be making decision of how you're going to be", "barcu2PvJSy-00084-00063959-00064541": "balancing out your materialistic world and this is going to be good for you", "barcu2PvJSy-00085-00064541-00064937": "because what is going to be happening and transpiring is that you're going to", "barcu2PvJSy-00086-00064937-00065815": "be realizing that you are going to be finding a way to make make the right", "barcu2PvJSy-00087-00065815-00066410": "choices of balancing out your financials to Bill", "barcu2PvJSy-00088-00066410-00066887": "okay make the right choices and you're going to be learning to balance out your", "barcu2PvJSy-00089-00066887-00067655": "financial stability okay and here or there to be seen this working out for", "barcu2PvJSy-00090-00067655-00068273": "you now the energy of the Moon is here a little energy of the Moon this energy of", "barcu2PvJSy-00091-00068273-00068894": "the Moon is showing you something so obviously what is transpiring is that", "barcu2PvJSy-00092-00068894-00069572": "there are people that wants to work against you if you have a business be", "barcu2PvJSy-00093-00069572-00070079": "careful because people are going to try to work against you the same thing", "barcu2PvJSy-00094-00070079-00070544": "happens for the people who are at work there are people your enemies are", "barcu2PvJSy-00095-00070544-00071261": "lurking around so be aware of this because there is some jealousy and what", "barcu2PvJSy-00096-00071261-00071735": "is happening is that the universe and your engines and guys is protecting", "barcu2PvJSy-00097-00071735-00072362": "whatever you have if you have a project if you have a business you can see that", "barcu2PvJSy-00098-00072362-00072935": "your enemies the jealousy they're trying to affect you but it's not happening", "barcu2PvJSy-00099-00072935-00073589": "there is so much jealousy and deceitful NASA when it comes on to your business", "barcu2PvJSy-00100-00073589-00074281": "and your work so be aware of this because this is definitely happening but", "barcu2PvJSy-00101-00074281-00075251": "the universal angels and guides wants to say this and they're basically showing", "barcu2PvJSy-00102-00075251-00076073": "you and say you're protected there is some aquarium at your work or with your", "barcu2PvJSy-00103-00076073-00076838": "business be careful of these people okay there Aquarians okay but for the", "barcu2PvJSy-00104-00076838-00077387": "rest of it you your business is going to be huge success for the people who have", "barcu2PvJSy-00105-00077387-00078080": "their own business at work you're doing positive but just be careful what you", "barcu2PvJSy-00106-00078080-00078686": "are spiritually protected from your enemies and that is good now what we've", "barcu2PvJSy-00107-00078686-00079430": "seen here is again another protection the nine of ones and this is very", "barcu2PvJSy-00108-00079430-00079943": "positive because if we have a celebration new love is going to be", "barcu2PvJSy-00109-00079943-00080458": "coming in we definitely have a huge celebration new love is going to be", "barcu2PvJSy-00110-00080458-00080761": "coming in on Saturday", "barcu2PvJSy-00111-00080780-00081433": "for some people it said today for some people it could be another time that is", "barcu2PvJSy-00112-00081433-00081889": "happening in the week so this is really really positive some of you are", "barcu2PvJSy-00113-00081889-00082477": "celebrating because a new love has come in your life and that is good here", "barcu2PvJSy-00114-00082477-00083233": "you're connecting with this new person for some of you some of you are in a", "barcu2PvJSy-00115-00083233-00083713": "relationship with someone this verse is coming from the paths the wheel of", "barcu2PvJSy-00116-00083713-00084157": "fortune brought this person so the universe brought this person back in", "barcu2PvJSy-00117-00084157-00084818": "your life and you're going to be reconnected in a positive way the energy", "barcu2PvJSy-00118-00084818-00085511": "of the ace of swords is there and you're you're basically reconnecting in really", "barcu2PvJSy-00119-00085511-00086147": "really positive ways in your life and this is helping you to move forward in a", "barcu2PvJSy-00120-00086147-00086936": "very very very a positive way so it is overall really really really a beautiful", "barcu2PvJSy-00121-00086936-00087347": "week for you Taurus is whatever the situation whatever that is transpiring", "barcu2PvJSy-00122-00087347-00087962": "only it could be on Fridays that you really have to be careful at your work", "barcu2PvJSy-00123-00087962-00088783": "or at your work because there's someone who is very jealous but yours at the", "barcu2PvJSy-00124-00088783-00089297": "same time being protective but they need you to be aware so you're dealing with", "barcu2PvJSy-00125-00089297-00089768": "an Aquarius that is a very jealous person so you need to be aware of the", "barcu2PvJSy-00126-00089768-00090419": "okay whatever the situation is that what this person is you need to be aware of", "barcu2PvJSy-00127-00090419-00090950": "this situation now the magician is here and a magician is going to be helping", "barcu2PvJSy-00128-00090950-00091544": "you to manifest your materialistic world so for the business people it's going to", "barcu2PvJSy-00129-00091544-00091919": "be good new ideas are going to be coming in and", "barcu2PvJSy-00130-00091919-00092585": "this is going to be good there are two two major the three major arcana that is", "barcu2PvJSy-00131-00092585-00093752": "happening and it's four oh my god you owe my Torah says but you have one two", "barcu2PvJSy-00132-00093752-00094301": "three four five major arcana and this is good because you have the", "barcu2PvJSy-00133-00094301-00094889": "scent of the store and this week is the week of the star so whatever deception", "barcu2PvJSy-00134-00094889-00095405": "whatever lies and deception that X transpire here you are with the energy", "barcu2PvJSy-00135-00095405-00096200": "of the star and this is wonderful okay so let's recap and see what exactly", "barcu2PvJSy-00136-00096200-00096752": "is happening it is going to be a positive week business-wise it's going", "barcu2PvJSy-00137-00096752-00097235": "to be good money is going to be coming in so you're going to be receiving you", "barcu2PvJSy-00138-00097235-00097781": "officer here you are trying to work with someone there's a situation that isn't", "barcu2PvJSy-00139-00097781-00098261": "clear but it's going to be good whatever the conflicts is your one it and protect", "barcu2PvJSy-00140-00098261-00099026": "your family against an Aquarius Leo or Sagittarius some of you this could be", "barcu2PvJSy-00141-00099026-00099695": "your partner that you you know in the relationship and this first keep on", "barcu2PvJSy-00142-00099695-00100207": "coming back coming back and you finally finally end this now the weekend is", "barcu2PvJSy-00143-00100207-00100694": "looking very good for some of you there's gonna be a celebration in the", "barcu2PvJSy-00144-00100694-00101132": "weekend some of you could be meeting someone new which is very very positive", "barcu2PvJSy-00145-00101132-00101936": "you could be going out going as a function and meeting someone new here", "barcu2PvJSy-00146-00101936-00102455": "you're seeing the energy of a two people together and what is happening is that", "barcu2PvJSy-00147-00102455-00102859": "the Wheel of Fortune is bringing back two people together", "barcu2PvJSy-00148-00102859-00103565": "it could be bring in the back because they have connected", "barcu2PvJSy-00149-00103565-00104011": "on a mission there is a victory and success that it's coming in this victory", "barcu2PvJSy-00150-00104011-00104560": "and success is going to be extremely extremely positive for a couple out", "barcu2PvJSy-00151-00104560-00105367": "there okay so for a couple out there you could be also receiving some unexpected", "barcu2PvJSy-00152-00105367-00106094": "money coming in for a couple out there okay now love is coming in and a whole", "barcu2PvJSy-00153-00106094-00106694": "lot of love is coming at you so um be aware oh my god at 17 minutes be", "barcu2PvJSy-00154-00106694-00107608": "aware of that let's look and see what is happening other fluorisis the three of", "barcu2PvJSy-00155-00107608-00107983": "cups celebration so whenever is happening for you Taurus", "barcu2PvJSy-00156-00107983-00108467": "is it's going to be a huge celebration a wonderful celebration this is going to", "barcu2PvJSy-00157-00108467-00109294": "be a week of celebration so enjoy and I am say navigate until next time", "barcu2PvJSy-00158-00109914-00110120": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "baB7NThcrSA", "text": {"baB7NThcrSA-00000-00000034-00000217": "Hi everybody!", "baB7NThcrSA-00001-00000217-00000462": "I just wanted you to get a little glimpse", "baB7NThcrSA-00002-00000462-00000781": "How I spent my last two days.", "baB7NThcrSA-00003-00000781-00001354": "I am a kid at heart and I like to play. I like to be athletic...", "baB7NThcrSA-00004-00001354-00001891": "I don't get much chance to since (you know what)", "baB7NThcrSA-00005-00001891-00002628": "So...I finally got to get in the water & I'm in my element when I'm in the water, y'all.", "baB7NThcrSA-00006-00002628-00003148": "I almost drowned four times believe it or not; since I was a little kid.", "baB7NThcrSA-00007-00003148-00003585": "But I loved water so much; I was determined to learn how to swim,", "baB7NThcrSA-00008-00003585-00003773": "float, the whole nine yards,", "baB7NThcrSA-00009-00003773-00004303": "so here I am, the old broad. That's me; having a ball!", "baB7NThcrSA-00010-00004303-00004870": "My nutty friend videotaping me.  (chuckle)"}}, {"audio_id": "bbtI9rGvEKk", "text": {"bbtI9rGvEKk-00000-00002239-00002644": "Hi, I'm Jamie Isbister, Australia's Ambassador  For the Environment.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00001-00002664-00003076": "I'm here at Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve  to mark NAIDOC Week.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00002-00003144-00003396": "This years NAIDOC theme is Heal Country.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00003-00003435-00003824": "And it's calling for all of us to seek greater protections for our lands,", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00004-00003835-00004332": "our waters, our sacred sites and our  cultural heritage from exploitation.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00005-00004415-00004935": "Each year NAIDOC celebrations are held across Australia, in July to celebrate", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00006-00004935-00005496": "the history, culture and achievements of  Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00007-00005535-00006100": "Indigenous Australians have been the custodians of our  land for over 65,000 years.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00008-00006135-00006584": "One practice Aboriginal people have used to care for country, is cultural burning.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00009-00006648-00007284": "Cultural burns have been critical in managing the  environment, protecting nature and vegetation,", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00010-00007284-00007892": "protecting our biodiversity and the risk of loss and reduction, of the impacts of bushfires", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00011-00007892-00008112": "particularly during summer.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00012-00008176-00008704": "I had a chance to talk to Dean Freeman, our Indigenous Ranger at ACT Parks and Conservation", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00013-00008704-00008912": "about cultural burning practices.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00014-00009095-00009435": "We basically say that if you heal country,  then you unknowingly heal yourself,", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00015-00009507-00010028": "We go out and do these type of cultural burns or any type of traditional land management with our community. 17 00:01:40,680 --> 00:01:45,280 And you go away at the end of the day with a feeling of  satisfaction and you've actually contributed.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00016-00010551-00010948": "And it's something we've been  doing for like 60,000 years.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00017-00010971-00011287": "So we want to continue what our  ancestors have been doing,", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00018-00011320-00011956": "a lot of us on, basically say it’s on our watch now,  so we try not to lose any more.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00019-00011956-00012343": "And now we're actually picking up some more we're actually  gaining more and finding more information", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00020-00012343-00012520": "about how to manage the land properly", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00021-00012540-00012959": "The best feeling to be in amongst that with  your family and your community", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00022-00012968-00013136": "and healing the place.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00023-00013391-00013819": "Cultural burning is significant for the biodiversity,", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00024-00013824-00014103": "and the ecosystems of our country.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00025-00014240-00014884": "It's a practice that has operated right across Australia  for all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00026-00015024-00015287": "With an area like this as you can see, we've done a bit of a,", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00027-00015287-00015543": "a cultural burn a small burn  here, or a cool burn.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00028-00015568-00015775": "We then do that in selected areas.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00029-00015775-00016203": "So even the ACT prior to European arrival,", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00030-00016203-00016624": "most of the grassland areas were burnt  to encourage the native grasses to come back.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00031-00016643-00016968": "Once you got fresh foods and fresh shoots  and that sort of stuff,", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00032-00016968-00017208": "then you’ll start getting the animals  coming back in,", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00033-00017208-00017524": "so it was also used as a form of  form of hunting,", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00034-00017584-00017715": "so to burn one area.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00035-00017715-00018100": "We generally burned areas like that for the environment itself.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00036-00018215-00018631": "Traditional Indigenous knowledge is being  applied today here at Tidbinbilla,", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00037-00018640-00018887": "but also across many other  parts of Australia,", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00038-00018900-00019112": "and particularly in Northern Australia.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00039-00019163-00019584": "This indigenous knowledge is also being shared internationally.", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00040-00019636-00020047": "DFAT through an international Savanna fire management project is partnering", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00041-00020047-00020496": "with Botswana, to share some of this indigenous practices,", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00042-00020512-00020971": "particularly how we're using cultural fire burns  to maintain Indigenous cultural practice,", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00043-00020971-00021563": "protect native wildlife and fauna and  reduce the risks of devastating bushfires,", "bbtI9rGvEKk-00044-00021584-00021863": "particularly as we adapt to the impacts of climate change."}}, {"audio_id": "bbGVGHzBJ28", "text": {"bbGVGHzBJ28-00000-00000229-00000682": "Okay, so I think that this was a fantastic way to", "bbGVGHzBJ28-00001-00000747-00001414": "Explore San Francisco, but also to improve my photography at the same time and learn more about my camera", "bbGVGHzBJ28-00002-00001415-00001682": "It's easy to use automatic settings but to really", "bbGVGHzBJ28-00003-00001734-00001970": "understand those manual settings and", "bbGVGHzBJ28-00004-00002034-00002494": "the different lighting and and actually to take a little bit more time and", "bbGVGHzBJ28-00005-00002618-00003016": "In order to capture a great shot"}}, {"audio_id": "bbbTYlN-M00", "text": {"bbbTYlN-M00-00000-00003679-00004384": "oh", "bbbTYlN-M00-00001-00005168-00005784": "from", "bbbTYlN-M00-00002-00007704-00007959": "all right all right all right", "bbbTYlN-M00-00003-00008240-00008584": "okay okay okay", "bbbTYlN-M00-00004-00008792-00009048": "all right all right all right", "bbbTYlN-M00-00005-00009336-00009584": "okay okay okay", "bbbTYlN-M00-00006-00009880-00010144": "all right all right all right", "bbbTYlN-M00-00007-00010424-00011384": "okay okay okay", "bbbTYlN-M00-00008-00012128-00012784": "it down", "bbbTYlN-M00-00009-00013896-00014184": "oh", "bbbTYlN-M00-00010-00016792-00016984": "is", "bbbTYlN-M00-00011-00017512-00018384": "okay okay okay all right all right all right", "bbbTYlN-M00-00012-00018608-00018856": "okay okay okay", "bbbTYlN-M00-00013-00019144-00019408": "all right all right all right", "bbbTYlN-M00-00014-00019696-00021184": "okay okay okay", "bbbTYlN-M00-00015-00023712-00023984": "oh", "bbbTYlN-M00-00016-00024072-00025384": "like comment share", "bbbTYlN-M00-00017-00025448-00025976": "okay"}}, {"audio_id": "bc-qgECmq7I", "text": {"bc-qgECmq7I-00000-00003876-00004686": "They're guided by Nick who's code of practice city planning committee", "bc-qgECmq7I-00001-00004686-00005346": "beautification committee and all the other answers about what this pavement takes", "bc-qgECmq7I-00002-00006234-00006414": "50 squat territory", "bc-qgECmq7I-00003-00007044-00007122": "ok", "bc-qgECmq7I-00004-00007620-00008328": "Well get out get out I'm not going to you", "bc-qgECmq7I-00005-00008580-00008766": "your shortcut was there", "bc-qgECmq7I-00006-00008982-00009456": "what kind of traffic what the traffic rule says here you can’t do it at all most", "bc-qgECmq7I-00007-00009456-00010152": "of the way the shortest way You were there And now you drove the sidewalk here then", "bc-qgECmq7I-00008-00010152-00010794": "now there stood the shortest way you where Learn the rules of the road", "bc-qgECmq7I-00009-00010794-00011376": "And don’t park on the lawn at all and don’t drive on the sidewalk there was a lawn", "bc-qgECmq7I-00010-00013584-00013962": "Hello you can park a vehicle according to the rules", "bc-qgECmq7I-00011-00013962-00014310": "of the road according to the rules of the road park", "bc-qgECmq7I-00012-00014310-00015162": "control the car did not park on the sidewalk just", "bc-qgECmq7I-00013-00015516-00016122": "in a second you can earn 3000 fines it is very easy to do now there is an application", "bc-qgECmq7I-00014-00016908-00017400": "No there is an application The traffic police assistant is called is photographed and", "bc-qgECmq7I-00015-00017586-00018342": "that's it, then what is the name of the drivers who park on t", "bc-qgECmq7I-00016-00018534-00019158": "rotuary so for", "bc-qgECmq7I-00017-00020196-00020592": "being here an", "bc-qgECmq7I-00018-00021084-00021450": "erroneous maneuver so thank you very much for coming to the meeting", "bc-qgECmq7I-00019-00024492-00024570": "That", "bc-qgECmq7I-00020-00025128-00025440": "'s what it means when you hold the phone near Pooh", "bc-qgECmq7I-00021-00025440-00026376": "this sight", "bc-qgECmq7I-00022-00031038-00031488": "shoot", "bc-qgECmq7I-00023-00032430-00033102": "it, you know where it’s better to go to a sex shop Go buy a normal one I", "bc-qgECmq7I-00024-00033102-00033660": "can’t hear you I can’t hear you Yes, there’s another one there, why didn’t you drive there,", "bc-qgECmq7I-00025-00033870-00034008": "and also see how to do", "bc-qgECmq7I-00026-00035958-00036498": "it so ask her Why did they", "bc-qgECmq7I-00027-00036744-00037446": "buy a car on the sidewalk, thinks that he can drive now on the sidewalk You yourself [ __ ] understandable", "bc-qgECmq7I-00028-00039024-00039168": "You yourself are a chump understandable", "bc-qgECmq7I-00029-00039666-00039906": "Sasha he went where the sun does not shine", "bc-qgECmq7I-00030-00041556-00041676": "did not mix up anything", "bc-qgECmq7I-00031-00042060-00042504": "back went back Back", "bc-qgECmq7I-00032-00043260-00043476": "back How to get", "bc-qgECmq7I-00033-00045204-00047526": "the tractor", "bc-qgECmq7I-00034-00049770-00050400": "riding on the sidewalk is prohibited there is", "bc-qgECmq7I-00035-00050568-00051252": "he decided to find out the relationship we politely asked him to remove the vehicle", "bc-qgECmq7I-00036-00051408-00052091": "with my friend Mikhail he did not agree to leave Well, how First we asked him to", "bc-qgECmq7I-00037-00052091-00052398": "remove the vehicle politely he started", "bc-qgECmq7I-00038-00052398-00053196": "it there the children go on foot dy", "bc-qgECmq7I-00039-00053417-00053808": "Yes, what difference does it make there is a law there is a traffic law", "bc-qgECmq7I-00040-00054294-00055314": "with an invoice from where I have an invoice for a passenger check-in", "bc-qgECmq7I-00041-00055746-00057252": ", he decided to turn it back there, in a shorter way, as it goes", "bc-qgECmq7I-00042-00057252-00058020": ", the sidewalk will reach here into the yard, accordingly, he", "bc-qgECmq7I-00043-00058020-00058266": "drives in here, when we already came in handy", "bc-qgECmq7I-00044-00058266-00058986": ", he decided to turn back decided to drive there along he had the opportunity to drive on the", "bc-qgECmq7I-00045-00059724-00060228": "sidewalk , according to the rules of the road", "bc-qgECmq7I-00046-00060228-00060954": ", he did not agree with this, he decided to drive through. But now, after we had blocked it for the second time,", "bc-qgECmq7I-00047-00060954-00061632": "he sharply reversed back towards Tarka, where two", "bc-qgECmq7I-00048-00061632-00062340": "women with children with strollers were walking directly and almost knocked down and almost knocked down a child in reverse", "bc-qgECmq7I-00049-00062502-00063024": ", they said all sorts of different things there, these citizens, but he didn’t even", "bc-qgECmq7I-00050-00063024-00063486": "apologize to them, he didn’t get out of the car, he didn’t apologize to them that he almost knocked down a child, a", "bc-qgECmq7I-00051-00063486-00063966": "fine would come I think", "bc-qgECmq7I-00052-00064955-00065279": "Why was it really not agree that", "bc-qgECmq7I-00053-00065279-00065844": "I am on the side of this person or I don’t know the law", "bc-qgECmq7I-00054-00065844-00066894": "to drive into the yard right", "bc-qgECmq7I-00055-00067032-00067680": "there calmly Everyone stopped by drove calmly Everyone was hard-nosed together with his wife inadequate", "bc-qgECmq7I-00056-00067740-00068892": "just an activist all blogger who runs his channel", "bc-qgECmq7I-00057-00068892-00070440": "if you, including me, plus did how his journalistic investigation by a journalist", "bc-qgECmq7I-00058-00070440-00071310": "at that time was not a low investigation Do people really drive on the sidewalk there", "bc-qgECmq7I-00059-00071310-00072258": "just claims that he knocked me down", "bc-qgECmq7I-00060-00072534-00073128": "how many you they wrote in the explanation that you have not been treated anywhere to request medical documents there is no", "bc-qgECmq7I-00061-00073128-00073782": "need anywhere else Here, accordingly, the record that my views provided,", "bc-qgECmq7I-00062-00073782-00074526": "if naturally all traffic on the sidewalk is recorded there, he will be punished not for running over", "bc-qgECmq7I-00063-00074526-00075234": "you But for moving along the sidewalk, that is or he ran into you on the sidewalk and", "bc-qgECmq7I-00064-00075234-00076122": "he was harming you, then we put two protocols on him, drew up the sidewalk, sent him to court,", "bc-qgECmq7I-00065-00076638-00077418": "but here I will tell you that if it is clearly visible on the record that the citizen is violating, because", "bc-qgECmq7I-00066-00077418-00078180": "we are all the time with we always go with cameras with you, we looked where the", "bc-qgECmq7I-00067-00078450-00078546": "journalist is not there", "bc-qgECmq7I-00068-00078798-00079422": ", who is there. Channel One,", "bc-qgECmq7I-00069-00079638-00079788": "they don’t give editorial task", "bc-qgECmq7I-00070-00079872-00081264": "I’m not from the first channel Well, that means you drive at least so that you are attracted for driving on the", "bc-qgECmq7I-00071-00081264-00081822": "sidewalk, all this will already be a plus and the punishment for him that you shouldn’t do this", "bc-qgECmq7I-00072-00081996-00082428": "there is a law there is an article for exceeding the", "bc-qgECmq7I-00073-00082428-00083340": "evidence for an administrative offense", "bc-qgECmq7I-00074-00083340-00084606": "Well this is how we went to the traffic police, in general, you all heard on the recording, yes,", "bc-qgECmq7I-00075-00084606-00085458": "what I did, respectively. I hope the driver will be held accountable for driving on the sidewalk", "bc-qgECmq7I-00076-00085572-00086346": ", so you are required to distribute these videos, respectively,", "bc-qgECmq7I-00077-00086346-00087420": "put likes, write comments, and that's what else we", "bc-qgECmq7I-00078-00087420-00088398": "subscribe to the channel and make the button gray to everyone good luck to everyone bye."}}, {"audio_id": "bcMYxcC-Pi8", "text": {"bcMYxcC-Pi8-00000-00000102-00000219": "Hello everyone", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00001-00000219-00000540": "I ’m Maco, the modern princess.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00002-00000670-00001069": "N3 Co., Ltd. is doing", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00003-00001069-00001412": "I signed a management", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00004-00001412-00001673": "contract with N3 Entertainment", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00005-00001673-00002086": "and decided to belong to production", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00006-00002086-00002546": "I've been contracting for a while now", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00007-00002546-00002813": "The report is now", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00008-00002813-00002910": "and in the future", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00009-00002910-00003163": "The work that I have been doing", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00010-00003163-00003286": "as an individual for a long time", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00011-00003286-00003558": "is basically in the form of receiving a job request", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00012-00003558-00003978": "through N3 Entertainment.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00013-00004194-00004322": "I don't even know how", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00014-00004322-00004504": "to call it a talent,", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00015-00004504-00004595": "but that's what it is.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00016-00004650-00004980": "Belonging to production", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00017-00005172-00005496": "Ah, I took a photo", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00018-00005496-00005596": "for the first time.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00019-00005596-00005831": "What is an artist photo?", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00020-00005831-00005954": "I was shooting that pattern", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00021-00005954-00006184": "for a while,", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00022-00006184-00006502": "so I hope you can see it.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00023-00006502-00006689": "It was really embarrassing", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00024-00006689-00006855": "and a little different than usual", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00025-00006855-00007276": "I shot it like it", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00026-00007276-00007405": "looks like me,", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00027-00007405-00007734": "so please take a look at what", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00028-00007734-00008106": "the photo looks like.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00029-00008106-00008576": "For the first time, people make up", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00030-00008576-00009105": "Today will be a photo shoot", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00031-00009431-00009607": "What's in the picture", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00032-00010026-00010570": "Abbreviation for artist photo", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00033-00011775-00012026": "I have acne", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00034-00025599-00025814": "It ’s completely different from what I ’m feeling now.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00035-00025945-00026104": "I will be 30 years old this year", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00036-00026104-00026305": "with a quiet feeling", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00037-00026305-00026472": "~ I think that such", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00038-00026472-00026833": "a picture was completed.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00039-00026833-00027105": "As I said earlier,", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00040-00027105-00027379": "future job requests", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00041-00027379-00027458": "are in the summary section.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00042-00027522-00027744": "Please use the N3", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00043-00027744-00028227": "email address", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00044-00028227-00028372": "as it is posted on SNS.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00045-00028624-00028906": "I received a lot of inquiries,", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00046-00028906-00029095": "but I would like to send a letter, etc.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00047-00029095-00029233": "Where should I send it?", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00048-00029233-00029460": "There was something like that", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00049-00029460-00029685": "I'm sorry", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00050-00029685-00029939": "that it was difficult for me", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00051-00029939-00030125": "to publish my home address", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00052-00030125-00030236": "as an individual", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00053-00030236-00030474": "for a long time, but I refused.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00054-00030474-00030555": "However, if you belong to the production", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00055-00030555-00030917": "this time", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00056-00030917-00031044": "and send it to the address", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00057-00031044-00031417": "of the production company,", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00058-00031417-00031650": "it will reach me,", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00059-00031650-00031982": "so if there is someone who can keep it,", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00060-00031982-00032405": "I would be grateful if you could write to that.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00061-00032405-00032592": "Thank you", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00062-00032645-00032966": "I couldn't do it until now", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00063-00032966-00033211": "by belonging to production", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00064-00033211-00033509": "Now I can do things that I couldn't do", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00065-00033509-00033669": "on my own", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00066-00033669-00033901": "I can't do anything", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00067-00033901-00034262": "because I have a wheelchair", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00068-00034262-00034513": "like this", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00069-00034513-00034722": "I made a contract this time", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00070-00034722-00034904": "with the hope that I could get", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00071-00034904-00035132": "the help of the company,", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00072-00035132-00035368": "thinking that I could do something", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00073-00035368-00035571": "like being able to do", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00074-00035571-00035669": "various things", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00075-00035669-00035976": "without the wall", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00076-00035976-00036362": "so that such things would disappear.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00077-00036362-00036554": "So more from now on", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00078-00036554-00036786": "I would like to do my best", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00079-00036786-00037045": "so that I can do big things that are fun", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00080-00037045-00037235": "things that I can not easily personalize.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00081-00037235-00037887": "Thank you for your continued support.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00082-00038108-00038346": "I was informed that I belonged to", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00083-00038346-00038606": "the production", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00084-00038606-00038891": "and the video of the photo shoot.", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00085-00039054-00039224": "Thank you for watching", "bcMYxcC-Pi8-00086-00039224-00039366": "until the end today"}}, {"audio_id": "bd3veZVvmiI", "text": {"bd3veZVvmiI-00000-00003113-00003215": "foreign [Music]", "bd3veZVvmiI-00001-00003215-00003521": "foreign [Music]", "bd3veZVvmiI-00002-00003521-00003789": "[Music]", "bd3veZVvmiI-00003-00003789-00004055": "[Music]", "bd3veZVvmiI-00004-00004055-00006285": "thank", "bd3veZVvmiI-00005-00006285-00011487": "you [Music] foreign", "bd3veZVvmiI-00006-00011487-00012464": "[Music] thank you [Music]", "bd3veZVvmiI-00007-00012464-00012657": "[Music]", "bd3veZVvmiI-00008-00012657-00012850": "[Music]", "bd3veZVvmiI-00009-00012850-00012961": "happened"}}, {"audio_id": "bdyNUTModyE", "text": {"bdyNUTModyE-00000-00000000-00000151": "Welkom terug!", "bdyNUTModyE-00001-00000151-00000651": "Video 2: Meer goederen verzamelen, nu met audio lol", "bdyNUTModyE-00002-00000651-00001151": "Zie vorige video en diens beschrijving voor details, en veel plezier!", "bdyNUTModyE-00003-00191452-00191751": "Ik moest plotseling vertrekken :(", "bdyNUTModyE-00004-00191751-00192551": "Ik hoop dat je het goed vond! Bedankt voor het kijken!"}}, {"audio_id": "be16WeyRnvI", "text": {"be16WeyRnvI-00000-00000100-00000376": "WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE, I'M PETTY OFFICER ANDREW JOHNSON.", "be16WeyRnvI-00001-00000376-00000662": "SUMMER IS PEAK SEASON FOR PERMANENT CHANGE OF STATION, OR PCS, MOVES.", "be16WeyRnvI-00002-00000662-00001151": "THE RELOCATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM, OR RAP, IS AVAILABLE TO ASSIST YOU.", "be16WeyRnvI-00003-00001151-00001459": "RAP IS DESIGNED TO MAKE THE MOVING PROCESS AS SMOOTH AS POSSIBLE.", "be16WeyRnvI-00004-00001459-00002038": "\"WE AT THE CENTER OFFER MANY PROGRAMS, AND ONE OF THE BEST ONES IS THE ONE-ON-ONE ASSISTANCE.", "be16WeyRnvI-00005-00002038-00002425": "SO MANY SAILORS HAVE QUESTIONS WHEN THEY'RE MOVING, AND THEY'RE REALLY NOT SURE OF WHAT", "be16WeyRnvI-00006-00002425-00002525": "TO DO.", "be16WeyRnvI-00007-00002525-00002972": "SO THE ONE-ON-ONE COUNSELING IS THE BEST WAY TO GO BECAUSE THAT WAY WE CAN ANSWER YOUR", "be16WeyRnvI-00008-00002972-00003110": "DIRECT QUESTIONS.", "be16WeyRnvI-00009-00003110-00003570": "WE HAVE WORKSHOPS THAT CAN BE ATTENDED BY THE SAILOR OR THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS, AND THEY", "be16WeyRnvI-00010-00003570-00004247": "ARE BASICALLY CALLED THE SMOOTH MOVE WORKSHOPS WHICH IS DONE FOR CONUS OR OCONUS MOVES.\"", "be16WeyRnvI-00011-00004247-00004496": "RAP HAS EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO MAKE YOUR MOVE EASIER.", "be16WeyRnvI-00012-00004496-00004614": "YOU JUST HAVE TO USE IT.", "be16WeyRnvI-00013-00004614-00005786": "VISIT THE MILITARY ONE SOURCE WEBSITE FOR MORE INFORMATION."}}, {"audio_id": "beJVZmVchC4", "text": {"beJVZmVchC4-00000-00002276-00002684": "Hello, this weeks challenge, to plat the Game of Thrones theme,", "beJVZmVchC4-00001-00002714-00002992": "because the final season will soon be released", "beJVZmVchC4-00002-00003120-00003634": "So first we'll listen to the song on Youtube", "beJVZmVchC4-00003-00004262-00004930": "Meanwhile, we're going to search for the music's chords.", "beJVZmVchC4-00004-00004962-00005260": "On Ultimate Guitar you can find all the chords.", "beJVZmVchC4-00005-00005260-00007430": "Link down below.", "beJVZmVchC4-00006-00007430-00007548": "Its quite simple,", "beJVZmVchC4-00007-00007568-00007768": "We worked on it on Twitch", "beJVZmVchC4-00008-00007809-00008180": "Before we continue, lets stop the Intro.", "beJVZmVchC4-00009-00008236-00008474": "Log on to Limouzik", "beJVZmVchC4-00010-00008546-00008824": "In the app, go to the settings page", "beJVZmVchC4-00011-00008850-00010392": "To stay in tone, the paper indicates a +4 transposition.", "beJVZmVchC4-00012-00010458-00010776": "Next, a few more settings,", "beJVZmVchC4-00013-00010776-00011088": "a cover track,", "beJVZmVchC4-00014-00011140-00011912": "For the rythm, a Chachacha at 240bpm.", "beJVZmVchC4-00015-00012324-00012854": "And the instument settings, a fretless for bass,", "beJVZmVchC4-00016-00012902-00013169": "For the rythm, an electic piano", "beJVZmVchC4-00017-00013474-00013794": "A string collective for the melody", "beJVZmVchC4-00018-00013862-00014250": "The cover, a warm synth", "beJVZmVchC4-00019-00014250-00014813": "After having saved, with these instruments saved,", "beJVZmVchC4-00020-00014813-00015358": "lets see how it goes, lets go !"}}, {"audio_id": "bf5eKXIaFuu", "text": {"bf5eKXIaFuu-00000-00000000-00000200": "Click. Subscribe. Listen  Like. Share JESUS ONLY IS OUR MESSAGE Please join our online prayer meeting on Saturday. USA: 8.00.00am - 9.00am 712 775 7035 Access Code 344823# Nigeria; 1.00 pm - 2.00 pm From Nigeria +234 1 440 5221 Access Code 344823# United Arab Emirates +971 600 521269 344823# KINDLY PRAY FOR US FOR SOULS THAT ARE THIRSTY FOR WORDS OF GOD AND COMMITTED WORKERS @ DLBC CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA, USA. We need devoted Christian workers @ DLBC, Charlottesville. Please come and join us. ( molufemi2001@yahoo.co.uk;009 1 434 9626622) Always Fellowship with us @ Deeperlife Chalottesville 4656 Briarwood Dr. Charlottesville, VA 22911.  Sunday Worship: 8.50am- 11.30am,  Monday Bible Study 6.50pm- 8.30pm , Thursday Conference Payer Meetings :6.00pm-7.00pm. (Sub. Prayer Request @ http://www.deeperlifecharlottesville.org., USA: 8.00.00am - 9.00am 712 775 7035 Access Code 344823# Nigeria; 1.00 pm - 2.00 pm From Nigeria +234 1 440 5221 Access Code 344823# United Arab Emirates +971 600 521269 344823# DLBC CHARLOTTESVILLE PRAYER REQUEST 1) PROVISION OF PLACE OF WORSHIP MIRACULOUSLY 2)PROVISION OF CHURCH VAN 3)CHURCH'S WORKER  I am using this medium to encourage whosoever loves to serve God and want to settle down in or visit USA ( either from Africa, any part of the world or within the USA) to come to Charlottesville, please with legal documents.) Free accommodation before settling down can be provided. Apply to below school for associate degree nursing program in USA https://www.pvcc.edu/programs/nursing Apply to below school for degree nursing program in USA https://www.nursing.virginia.edu/? Apply @ below website to practice as a Registered Nurse in USA. 1) https://brilliantnurse.com/foreign-in... 2) https://avanthealthcare.com/contact-us/ What I request from you is to come one come all to join us in Deeper Life Bible Church, Charlottesville, VA, USA to work for God together. Pas. Matthew Akanmu (Eph.6:9)//www.deeperlifecharlottesville.org"}}, {"audio_id": "bfAicDVBpSo", "text": {"bfAicDVBpSo-00000-00000000-00000490": "WARNING: all the videos of the channel OPENMIND serve educational purposes only and DO NOT GLORIFY THE USE OF DRUGS! Have fun with the video!", "bfAicDVBpSo-00001-00000490-00000660": "Canada legalized Cannabis", "bfAicDVBpSo-00002-00000662-00001048": "and I was there to review the legalization", "bfAicDVBpSo-00003-00001048-00001248": "Review of Legalization!", "bfAicDVBpSo-00004-00001276-00001446": "Is Canada's Cannabis Legalization", "bfAicDVBpSo-00005-00001446-00001646": "an oscar-worthy masterpiece", "bfAicDVBpSo-00006-00001654-00001848": "with great action", "bfAicDVBpSo-00007-00001978-00002039": "humor", "bfAicDVBpSo-00008-00002138-00002256": "and romance?", "bfAicDVBpSo-00009-00002698-00002910": "Or is it recycled Hollywoodcrap", "bfAicDVBpSo-00010-00002912-00003152": "that we've already seen a thousand times?", "bfAicDVBpSo-00011-00003152-00003300": "It is honestly really sad", "bfAicDVBpSo-00012-00003300-00003588": "how much Canada f**ked up in the matter of the legalization.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00013-00003608-00003896": "I will rate Cannada's legalization in categories like", "bfAicDVBpSo-00014-00003896-00003965": "price", "bfAicDVBpSo-00015-00003965-00004015": "youth protection", "bfAicDVBpSo-00016-00004015-00004078": "education", "bfAicDVBpSo-00017-00004078-00004248": "and liberality", "bfAicDVBpSo-00018-00004248-00004446": "Just since the 17th of October 2018", "bfAicDVBpSo-00019-00004446-00004668": "you can buy weed officially in Cannada", "bfAicDVBpSo-00020-00004668-00005004": "but even before there were already coffeeshop-like facilities", "bfAicDVBpSo-00021-00005016-00005184": "where you could buy weed", "bfAicDVBpSo-00022-00005184-00005380": "and where nobody did something about it.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00023-00005388-00005516": "Canadians have told me that", "bfAicDVBpSo-00024-00005516-00005782": "one day before the official legalization", "bfAicDVBpSo-00025-00005782-00006004": "at those blackmarket-shops", "bfAicDVBpSo-00026-00006010-00006430": "you would be offered weed for partly under 1$ per gram", "bfAicDVBpSo-00027-00006450-00006734": "because they all wanted to get rid of their whole weed", "bfAicDVBpSo-00028-00006740-00007022": "because it was known that after the official legalization", "bfAicDVBpSo-00029-00007022-00007380": "it would be taken action against those blackmarketshops.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00030-00007384-00007862": "The fact that I visited the canadian drug-youtuber Adam from PsychedSubstance on the day of the legalization", "bfAicDVBpSo-00031-00007872-00008434": "upset our mission to capture the legalization.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00032-00008460-00008656": "He lives near Toronto", "bfAicDVBpSo-00033-00008656-00008860": "and in this province", "bfAicDVBpSo-00034-00008868-00009078": "no shops will be opened tomorrow.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00035-00009084-00009392": "Unfortunatly they changed that spontaneously", "bfAicDVBpSo-00036-00009402-00009852": "and you won't be able to legally buy weed in a shop", "bfAicDVBpSo-00037-00009852-00009970": "BUT", "bfAicDVBpSo-00038-00009994-00010164": "we can buy it online.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00039-00010170-00010320": "As we know it from USA", "bfAicDVBpSo-00040-00010320-00010662": "the laws are also not the same for every province in Canada.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00041-00010672-00010828": "In 5 from the 12 provinces", "bfAicDVBpSo-00042-00010830-00011154": "the consumption of cannabis in public is completely forbidden", "bfAicDVBpSo-00043-00011158-00011638": "while most of the other provinces allow it in the places where also tobacco is allowed.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00044-00011644-00012066": "In 10 provinces you are allowed to grow up to four plants in private households", "bfAicDVBpSo-00045-00012084-00012344": "and in the other two you can't grow at all.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00046-00012346-00012446": "Three provin..", "bfAicDVBpSo-00047-00012546-00012922": "Three provinces have a limit on how much weed you are allowed to have at home", "bfAicDVBpSo-00048-00012922-00013140": "and I think that's ridiculous.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00049-00013154-00013760": "Do they think fewer people will get addicted when you are allowed \"only\" 150 grams?", "bfAicDVBpSo-00050-00013776-00013954": "In British Columbia the limit is", "bfAicDVBpSo-00051-00013954-00014144": "one KILOGRAM.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00052-00014163-00014250": "WHAT?", "bfAicDVBpSo-00053-00014280-00014597": "This limit is like a 190 mph (~300 km/h) limit at the highway", "bfAicDVBpSo-00054-00014600-00014922": "or a \"50 crates of beer per household\"-limit", "bfAicDVBpSo-00055-00014936-00015332": "Presumably they want to prevent unauthorized trade", "bfAicDVBpSo-00056-00015338-00015676": "what of course isn't possible with 900 grams.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00057-00015686-00015806": "Why would you even want to try", "bfAicDVBpSo-00058-00015806-00016434": "to trade unauthorized in the first place when in British Columbia you are also allowed to do it authorized?", "bfAicDVBpSo-00059-00016436-00016862": "There and in 5 other provinces you can sell weed as a private person", "bfAicDVBpSo-00060-00016862-00017126": "In 6 provinces public retailers are allowed", "bfAicDVBpSo-00061-00017146-00017564": "And in 9 provinces there are shops from the government that sell weed", "bfAicDVBpSo-00062-00017564-00017924": "In 4 of them solely the government is allowed to sell.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00063-00017924-00018476": "Because Ontario, the province of Adam, has changed some legalization details right before the legalization", "bfAicDVBpSo-00064-00018482-00018960": "for example instead of only governmental shops they then wanted also to allow private retailer", "bfAicDVBpSo-00065-00018988-00019542": "the first physical shops will open there only at the 1st of April 2019", "bfAicDVBpSo-00066-00019542-00019816": "and Adam and I had to be content with", "bfAicDVBpSo-00067-00019824-00020396": "ordering weed at exactly 12 o'clock on the day of the legalization on the governmental online shop.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00068-00020548-00020662": "So! Well,", "bfAicDVBpSo-00069-00020748-00020958": "Weed has been legalized now.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00070-00021024-00021240": "And we will now order wee...  (Adam: The site can't be reached!)", "bfAicDVBpSo-00071-00021788-00021964": "Oh yes it's back. The site is back", "bfAicDVBpSo-00072-00021988-00022284": "The selection on the governmental cannabis website was really nice, but", "bfAicDVBpSo-00073-00022350-00022676": "although the weed should arrive within three days,", "bfAicDVBpSo-00074-00022678-00023024": "Adam recieved the order only after 23 days", "bfAicDVBpSo-00075-00023024-00023210": "when I was already back in Germany again.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00076-00023210-00023526": "It seems like they have clearly underestiated how many people are interested", "bfAicDVBpSo-00077-00023554-00023726": "in buying legal weed.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00078-00023726-00024118": "On the Internet we read that they were also totally overchallenged in other provinces", "bfAicDVBpSo-00079-00024118-00024492": "and some shops were completely sold out already on the first day.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00080-00024502-00024638": "But we had hope", "bfAicDVBpSo-00081-00024638-00024918": "that we eventually find a shop in another province", "bfAicDVBpSo-00082-00024924-00025070": "that still has something instock", "bfAicDVBpSo-00083-00025080-00025200": "and we've rent a car", "bfAicDVBpSo-00084-00025200-00025458": "and got on a long journey", "bfAicDVBpSo-00085-00026236-00026427": "(laughs) shit how was the melody again?", "bfAicDVBpSo-00086-00026458-00026932": "So, we drove around 6 to 7 hours to Montreal", "bfAicDVBpSo-00087-00026932-00027080": "in order to buy weed.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00088-00027083-00027188": "The funny thing is:", "bfAicDVBpSo-00089-00027195-00027530": "we both are actually not really weed-enthusiasts", "bfAicDVBpSo-00090-00027562-00028002": "It has been around 2 months since I've consumed weed the last time", "bfAicDVBpSo-00091-00028044-00028188": "How long has it approximately been with you?", "bfAicDVBpSo-00092-00028236-00028364": "About a year.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00093-00028386-00028494": "About a year, oh okay", "bfAicDVBpSo-00094-00028494-00028794": "and despite of that we still drove for so long", "bfAicDVBpSo-00095-00028794-00029083": "and look at how long we have to stand in line.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00096-00029830-00030006": "Later we got to know", "bfAicDVBpSo-00097-00030008-00030352": "the cannabis shop where we here line up in this giant queue", "bfAicDVBpSo-00098-00030352-00030794": "was the only one in Montreal who still had a few products in stock.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00099-00030950-00031318": "Yeah, now we're here in the end of the line", "bfAicDVBpSo-00100-00031318-00031504": "and I wonder how long we have to wait here.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00101-00032544-00032804": "Okay.. here you can see the shop", "bfAicDVBpSo-00102-00032910-00033154": "I asume the ID will be checked here", "bfAicDVBpSo-00103-00033268-00033534": "and then around ten people can go ..", "bfAicDVBpSo-00104-00033534-00033932": "and behind this wall the action takes place", "bfAicDVBpSo-00105-00035786-00035914": "In the matter of youth protection", "bfAicDVBpSo-00106-00035914-00036078": "the cannabis legalization gets", "bfAicDVBpSo-00107-00036078-00036278": "10 out of 10 Dannies (Simon uses \"Dennie Klose\" as a unit measurement..don't ask)", "bfAicDVBpSo-00108-00036284-00036668": "They have  controlled the age of every single person super strictly", "bfAicDVBpSo-00109-00037086-00037286": "I have showed them my ID", "bfAicDVBpSo-00110-00037286-00037448": "and now we can go in", "bfAicDVBpSo-00111-00037650-00037998": "So.. this here is the shop, okay", "bfAicDVBpSo-00112-00038228-00038482": "now we have to line up here again", "bfAicDVBpSo-00113-00038994-00039297": "Adam and I bought all strains of weed each", "bfAicDVBpSo-00114-00039298-00039506": "that the store had instock", "bfAicDVBpSo-00115-00039506-00039706": "Unfortunately it was only three of them.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00116-00039738-00040196": "How the weedshop dealt with us trying to film in there", "bfAicDVBpSo-00117-00040196-00040422": "was actually the most remarkable thing", "bfAicDVBpSo-00118-00040422-00040644": "at our visit at the weedstore.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00119-00040686-00040980": "It was ultra confusing in the shop:", "bfAicDVBpSo-00120-00040984-00041220": "At first we were told that filming is allowed", "bfAicDVBpSo-00121-00041220-00041374": "when we don't film with a big camera", "bfAicDVBpSo-00122-00041374-00041622": "but then we were told again that we are not allowed to film", "bfAicDVBpSo-00123-00042306-00042500": "And then we were told again that we are allowed to film", "bfAicDVBpSo-00124-00042500-00042610": "And in the end", "bfAicDVBpSo-00125-00042612-00042870": "the manager came and was really pissed", "bfAicDVBpSo-00126-00043172-00043490": "But yeah, he was quite unfriendly in the end", "bfAicDVBpSo-00127-00043560-00043678": "wasn't he? what do you say?", "bfAicDVBpSo-00128-00043678-00043744": "NO!", "bfAicDVBpSo-00129-00043744-00043842": "He was mean!", "bfAicDVBpSo-00130-00043842-00044042": "Yeah, right! (Adam: Yeah, right!)", "bfAicDVBpSo-00131-00044042-00044242": "He was mean (Adam: He was mean)", "bfAicDVBpSo-00132-00044362-00044506": "In our airbnb apartment", "bfAicDVBpSo-00133-00044512-00044838": "I could take a closer look at my purchase.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00134-00045350-00045400": "Okay!", "bfAicDVBpSo-00135-00045400-00045924": "Actually I wanted to do the unboxing of these weed strains that we've bought earlier together with Adam", "bfAicDVBpSo-00136-00045924-00046132": "but he had an emergency with his daughter", "bfAicDVBpSo-00137-00046132-00046354": "so I am doing this alone", "bfAicDVBpSo-00138-00046386-00046590": "So this is a really nice thing", "bfAicDVBpSo-00139-00046590-00046860": "there are warnings on it", "bfAicDVBpSo-00140-00046874-00047170": "like it should be on every substance", "bfAicDVBpSo-00141-00047186-00047586": "It is a mystery to me that this was not established with alcohol", "bfAicDVBpSo-00142-00047658-00047834": "In the matter of education", "bfAicDVBpSo-00143-00047834-00048036": "Canada gets 9 out of 10 Dannies", "bfAicDVBpSo-00144-00048046-00048308": "They had really good warning signs on the packages", "bfAicDVBpSo-00145-00048342-00048500": "info sheets were in there, too", "bfAicDVBpSo-00146-00048508-00048624": "The vendor at the store", "bfAicDVBpSo-00147-00048624-00048812": "has explained it again to us -", "bfAicDVBpSo-00148-00048812-00048944": "- even if we already know that -", "bfAicDVBpSo-00149-00048944-00049244": "what the difference between THC and CBD is", "bfAicDVBpSo-00150-00049244-00049370": "And also on TV", "bfAicDVBpSo-00151-00049372-00049856": "there were educational videos in terms of cannabis during the commercialbreaks all the time", "bfAicDVBpSo-00152-00049862-00050068": "One thing I didn't understand at all", "bfAicDVBpSo-00153-00050068-00050316": "was the THC and CBD information", "bfAicDVBpSo-00154-00050316-00050442": "on the packages.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00155-00050442-00050820": "There always were two completely different percent values on it.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00156-00050856-00051498": "Does this weed contain 0.48% THC or 14.7% THC?", "bfAicDVBpSo-00157-00051498-00051644": "That's really confusing!", "bfAicDVBpSo-00158-00051667-00051834": "Is it one of these child safety locks?", "bfAicDVBpSo-00159-00052154-00052248": "(push it down and then twist)", "bfAicDVBpSo-00160-00052248-00052344": "Yeah, I already do that", "bfAicDVBpSo-00161-00053562-00054088": "I think it's a pity that there is no unusual, fancy stuff like in the USA.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00162-00054100-00054470": "Like there are not any... for example crazy gummy bear edibles", "bfAicDVBpSo-00163-00054470-00054588": "or some", "bfAicDVBpSo-00164-00054588-00054732": "bus tours where you", "bfAicDVBpSo-00165-00054732-00055126": "like do a road tour while being high", "bfAicDVBpSo-00166-00055126-00055382": "to the different coffeeshops", "bfAicDVBpSo-00167-00055410-00055694": "Sadly Canada has mainly legalized just the flowers", "bfAicDVBpSo-00168-00055694-00055950": "Any and all edibles are still illegal", "bfAicDVBpSo-00169-00055950-00056186": "Of course one could argument that it's good", "bfAicDVBpSo-00170-00056186-00056338": "when only the flowers are legal", "bfAicDVBpSo-00171-00056338-00056494": "because maybe some", "bfAicDVBpSo-00172-00056494-00056622": "hash gummybears or", "bfAicDVBpSo-00173-00056622-00056767": "THC energy drinks", "bfAicDVBpSo-00174-00056767-00057055": "would make the consumption more palatable to you", "bfAicDVBpSo-00175-00057094-00057550": "But for me in this case freedom is more important than the consumer protection.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00176-00057550-00057770": "Hopefully they will make it more liberal in time", "bfAicDVBpSo-00177-00057778-00057974": "because when it's more liberal", "bfAicDVBpSo-00178-00057974-00058266": "so many cool inovative weed products could", "bfAicDVBpSo-00179-00058266-00058374": "be created.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00180-00058391-00058802": "But because you are allowed by contrast in most of the districts to grow cannabis yourself", "bfAicDVBpSo-00181-00058805-00059020": "and you even can order on the internet", "bfAicDVBpSo-00182-00059026-00059490": "Canada gets 6 out of 10 Dannies in the category liberality", "bfAicDVBpSo-00183-00059508-00059728": "Now let's get to the category price", "bfAicDVBpSo-00184-00059728-00060017": "The price is really phat in this whole thing", "bfAicDVBpSo-00185-00060034-00060702": "We have spent only 57 canadian dollars for 7 grams", "bfAicDVBpSo-00186-00060704-00060982": "in Euros thats about 38", "bfAicDVBpSo-00187-00061060-00061384": "38 Euros for 7 grams. Holy shit.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00188-00061394-00061660": "For me the price seemed very cheap", "bfAicDVBpSo-00189-00061660-00061962": "but I've watched a few videos dealing with the legalization", "bfAicDVBpSo-00190-00061962-00062258": "and several complained about high prices", "bfAicDVBpSo-00191-00062258-00062667": "So maybe the weed is differently priced in different districts", "bfAicDVBpSo-00192-00062676-00062864": "In the category price", "bfAicDVBpSo-00193-00062864-00063190": "Canada gets 7 out of 10 Dannies from me.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00194-00064404-00064552": "tastes quite yummy, yeah", "bfAicDVBpSo-00195-00064591-00064855": "Oh and by the way dear german government", "bfAicDVBpSo-00196-00064855-00065141": "I will write this weed off against tax", "bfAicDVBpSo-00197-00065152-00065452": "because it's clearly a business expense", "bfAicDVBpSo-00198-00065452-00065594": "because I make this video here.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00199-00065600-00065894": "Writing weed off against taxes, I always wanted to do that.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00200-00065896-00066088": "I am filling up my vaporizor now", "bfAicDVBpSo-00201-00066100-00066298": "and one thing that stands out", "bfAicDVBpSo-00202-00066298-00066496": "is that the weed", "bfAicDVBpSo-00203-00066496-00066696": "is extremly dry", "bfAicDVBpSo-00204-00066750-00066996": "I don't know if some people have a problem with this", "bfAicDVBpSo-00205-00066996-00067106": "but the rad thing about it is", "bfAicDVBpSo-00206-00067106-00067222": "because it's so dry", "bfAicDVBpSo-00207-00067222-00067606": "you can really easily", "bfAicDVBpSo-00208-00067624-00067848": "grind it in your hands", "bfAicDVBpSo-00209-00067848-00068048": "And you don't even need a grinder.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00210-00068552-00069078": "Now we come to the point where Cannada did really bad.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00211-00069078-00069240": "Most of the weed packages", "bfAicDVBpSo-00212-00069240-00069534": "are pollutive to such an extend.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00213-00069558-00069886": "They are on the one hand way too big for the amount that's in it", "bfAicDVBpSo-00214-00069890-00070380": "And why is it necessary to put a paper box around a plastic box?", "bfAicDVBpSo-00215-00070380-00070762": "Therefore 1 out of 10 Dannies in the category environment", "bfAicDVBpSo-00216-00070762-00071086": "Before I come to the final rating and the smoke session with Adam", "bfAicDVBpSo-00217-00071102-00071332": "here - a message of my sponsor", "bfAicDVBpSo-00218-00071332-00071532": "Black Leaf:", "bfAicDVBpSo-00219-00071910-00072094": "\"Buy something from Black Leaf\"", "bfAicDVBpSo-00220-00072114-00072398": "With such a message I almost get emotional I must say", "bfAicDVBpSo-00221-00072398-00072726": "Black Leaf Bongs and Vapos are available in my new online shop", "bfAicDVBpSo-00222-00072754-00073026": "stuff3000.de", "bfAicDVBpSo-00223-00073026-00073472": "For those who are interested, here is an explanation why  I had to open a new online shop for things like bongs, pipes and papers.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00224-00073486-00073708": "[Paypal doesn't allow selling products like bongs. Therefore I made a new shop, so people can continue to pay vaporizer with Paypal on my Openmind-shop]", "bfAicDVBpSo-00225-00073724-00073982": "The rating of 10 out of 10 Dannies", "bfAicDVBpSo-00226-00073984-00074166": "gets for supporting this video", "bfAicDVBpSo-00227-00074176-00074354": "BLACKLEAF", "bfAicDVBpSo-00228-00074354-00074660": "The most known bong brand of the world - since this video.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00229-00074690-00074960": "Can I have the other envelope?", "bfAicDVBpSo-00230-00075078-00075136": "Thanks.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00231-00075186-00075506": "This envelope contains the over-all rating", "bfAicDVBpSo-00232-00075506-00075750": "of Canada's cannabis legalization", "bfAicDVBpSo-00233-00075826-00075906": "Let's have a look", "bfAicDVBpSo-00234-00076194-00076742": "Considering all category ratings and other criteria of the academy", "bfAicDVBpSo-00235-00076748-00076944": "Canada's cannabis legalization gets", "bfAicDVBpSo-00236-00076994-00077146": "an overall ranking", "bfAicDVBpSo-00237-00077166-00077216": "of", "bfAicDVBpSo-00238-00077326-00077610": "6.5 out of 10 Dannies.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00239-00078398-00078616": "So there is still much room for improvement.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00240-00078616-00079142": "Hopefully Germany makes fewer mistakes when we legalize on the 31th of March 2020.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00241-00079160-00079210": "Now", "bfAicDVBpSo-00242-00079218-00079350": "that we cleared that up", "bfAicDVBpSo-00243-00079350-00079442": "it is finally time", "bfAicDVBpSo-00244-00079442-00079734": "to test the legal weed with Adam.", "bfAicDVBpSo-00245-00079856-00080216": "Warning: Cannabis involves many risks!", "bfAicDVBpSo-00246-00103254-00103576": "When you not only have an open mind, but also an open mind 3000", "bfAicDVBpSo-00247-00103592-00103680": "then subscribe to", "bfAicDVBpSo-00248-00103680-00103880": "Pewdiepie"}}, {"audio_id": "bfArUkJnzUg", "text": {"bfArUkJnzUg-00000-00000130-00000618": "The most important program on your computer is your web browser-- and yet most people", "bfArUkJnzUg-00001-00000618-00001180": "aren't sure which web browser they're using or what a web browser even is.", "bfArUkJnzUg-00002-00001180-00001698": "Let me try to explain by first telling you what a web browser is not.", "bfArUkJnzUg-00003-00001698-00002091": "A web browser is different from Windows or Mac, which are systems that allow you to manage", "bfArUkJnzUg-00004-00002091-00002432": "files and programs.", "bfArUkJnzUg-00005-00002432-00003116": "And it's different from a search engine, which is a website that is used to search the Internet.", "bfArUkJnzUg-00006-00003116-00003709": "Instead, a web browser is a program on your computer that allows you to visit websites.", "bfArUkJnzUg-00007-00003709-00004185": "You get to your web browser by clicking on its icon.", "bfArUkJnzUg-00008-00004185-00004719": "From there, you enter web addresses and the web browser displays the web pages for you.", "bfArUkJnzUg-00009-00004719-00005132": "The web browser is the most important piece of software on your computer because every", "bfArUkJnzUg-00010-00005132-00005337": "web page runs through it.", "bfArUkJnzUg-00011-00005337-00005880": "So a faster web browser means that you'll save time on every web page you open.", "bfArUkJnzUg-00012-00005880-00006255": "Installing a new web browser is free and only takes minutes.", "bfArUkJnzUg-00013-00006255-00006548": "So take a moment to choose a web browser that you like best today."}}, {"audio_id": "bfMyV1For7E", "text": {"bfMyV1For7E-00000-00001301-00001752": "hello everyone and welcome back to cinema this week what we are going to cover are the 1960s now", "bfMyV1For7E-00001-00001752-00002373": "the 1960s were all about pushing the envelope so go to film site org do your reading on the", "bfMyV1For7E-00002-00002373-00003048": "1960s and then I want you to pick two films that stood out to you that were groundbreaking films", "bfMyV1For7E-00003-00003048-00003540": "and there are a lot of them and I want you to go into him now some of the selections that I", "bfMyV1For7E-00004-00003540-00004233": "had suggested are one of them is dr. Strangelove now dr. Strangelove is one of the films one of the", "bfMyV1For7E-00005-00004233-00004845": "first times that Hollywood ever challenged the government and the military structure and it's", "bfMyV1For7E-00006-00004845-00005565": "making light of one of the most horrific topics at the time and that was a cold the Cold War that was", "bfMyV1For7E-00007-00005565-00006423": "going on with Russia and nuclear war everyone was panicked and terrified and so the director", "bfMyV1For7E-00008-00006423-00007034": "decided you know what if the president receives a call that a nuclear explosion has happened and", "bfMyV1For7E-00009-00007034-00007593": "he is at his desk that's a drama but if he's on the toilet now it's a comedy and so what he did", "bfMyV1For7E-00010-00007593-00008178": "is he took a serious subject he turned it on its head and then gave you a hilarious take on", "bfMyV1For7E-00011-00008178-00009009": "that subject this film also has some of the most iconic performances all of all-time and the one", "bfMyV1For7E-00012-00009009-00009600": "of the main characters with a cowboy hat riding a nuclear bomb to the end of the world is one of the", "bfMyV1For7E-00013-00009600-00010305": "most iconic images in cinema period this film also got the entire production team investigated by the", "bfMyV1For7E-00014-00010305-00010980": "FBI because the set designer took a photo from Popular Mechanics magazine that was about this", "bfMyV1For7E-00015-00010980-00011760": "big of a b-52 bomber and created such a realistic replica of that cockpit that they thought there", "bfMyV1For7E-00016-00011760-00012294": "was a spy involved in the production so you can choose to watch that film again we have a lot of", "bfMyV1For7E-00017-00012294-00012777": "legendary filmmakers at this time and there may be some other films that stand out even", "bfMyV1For7E-00018-00012777-00013311": "more to you so if that's the case let me know talk about it in the discussion bored I can't", "bfMyV1For7E-00019-00013311-00014644": "wait to see your movie notes alright everyone enjoy and I'll see you on the other side you"}}, {"audio_id": "bfT7zoVeEeE", "text": {"bfT7zoVeEeE-00000-00000000-00000285": "Please don't hurt me! You're mistaken for someone else", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00001-00000285-00000550": "Chet... What's wrong", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00002-00000550-00000888": "What's wrong? Why are you yelling at your phone?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00003-00000888-00001322": "I'm talking with Chet and he is screaming for help", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00004-00001322-00001520": "Oh, God", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00005-00001520-00001772": "Honey! We should go to find him", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00006-00001772-00002057": "Stay here with Nit! I can take care of it", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00007-00002057-00002224": "Nit! Take care of your mother!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00008-00002224-00002274": "Yes, dad", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00009-00002274-00002522": "I want to go to see him too", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00010-00003196-00003616": "Mom! Stay here! Dad might need my help", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00011-00003616-00004027": "Go... Keep me posted", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00012-00004027-00004247": "I'll...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00013-00004560-00004973": "She must be shocked right now", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00014-00004973-00005549": "My older sister is such a fool", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00015-00005549-00005943": "She might speed up her motorbike right now", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00016-00005943-00006257": "It's fun just imagining it", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00017-00007139-00007431": "What's that?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00018-00007431-00007753": "Dad...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00019-00007753-00007975": "What's happening there?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00020-00007975-00008451": "Dad... Dad... Is he okay?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00021-00008451-00008883": "How did it happen, Nit?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00022-00009032-00009407": "Dad! Wake up...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00023-00009407-00009771": "Please help my dad", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00024-00009771-00010191": "Because of you...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00025-00010191-00010939": "You deserve to sleep like this... not dad", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00026-00010939-00011414": "I don't want it to happen either. I'm sorry", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00027-00011414-00011941": "You killed dad. You're not a human. Get lost", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00028-00011941-00012435": "No... Dad...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00029-00012435-00012763": "I'm sorry", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00030-00012763-00013480": "SASTRA FILM & BAYON TV", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00031-00013480-00013864": "SPONSORED BY", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00032-00013864-00014247": "PRESENT", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00033-00014247-00014907": "Siblings Rivalry", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00034-00014907-00015397": "We just bought it as a gift for our son, Vichet", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00035-00015397-00015809": "because we didn't buy anything for him on his birthday", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00036-00015809-00016114": "If he sees it, he must be happy", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00037-00016114-00016629": "I didn't open our store because I was busy looking for this gift", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00038-00016629-00017180": "I heard he loves this watch so much. Should we show him now?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00039-00017180-00017567": "Vichet... Vichet...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00040-00017567-00017978": "Vichet! We have a surprise for you", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00041-00017978-00018332": "It's 9 am. Is he still asleep?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00042-00018890-00019351": "What's it, mom & dad? I'm still sleepy", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00043-00019351-00019779": "Lazybones, it's 9 am already", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00044-00019779-00020369": "It's 9 am, son. Open your eyes...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00045-00020369-00020806": "Tomorrow is the first day of your new semester, right?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00046-00020806-00021260": "It's not a good habit, son.", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00047-00021260-00021871": "Your sister might finish her assignments already", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00048-00021871-00022472": "At first, we want to surprise you...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00049-00022472-00022925": "but you don't seem to be interested. Honey, just forget it", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00050-00023456-00023731": "Is it your surprise for me?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00051-00023731-00024088": "Take a look! Do you like it?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00052-00024459-00024864": "Wow... It's amazing", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00053-00025314-00025835": "Mr. son, we spend a whole day looking for this watch", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00054-00025835-00026272": "Thank you, mom and dad", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00055-00026272-00027025": "I've wanted it for a long time. I love both of you the most", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00056-00027025-00027452": "We love you too", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00057-00027452-00027955": "It's your birthday gift", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00058-00027955-00028629": "If you get good academic results, we will buy you anything you want", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00059-00028629-00028953": "I get it, dad", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00060-00034545-00034977": "Nit, Did mom buy you anything?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00061-00034977-00035374": "I saw her holding a bag", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00062-00035374-00035759": "but it's my gift...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00063-00035759-00036099": "Look! Is it beautiful? It looks expensive as well", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00064-00036099-00036492": "Dad and mom spent their time searching it for me", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00065-00036492-00036897": "It looks like they love their son more...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00066-00036897-00037235": "Don't be upset!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00067-00037235-00037639": "I can't help you because you're born as my older sister", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00068-00037808-00038097": "Get lost!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00069-00038097-00038640": "Are you mad? Are you upset?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00070-00038640-00039199": "Don't be jealous! You're the elder child.", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00071-00039199-00039653": "Get lost before I hate you even more", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00072-00039653-00040145": "Nit is mad... Do you think I love you?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00073-00042822-00043279": "Honey! I feel uneasy", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00074-00043279-00043905": "Our children always fight whenever they see each other", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00075-00043905-00044503": "I try to talk to them as well. You should keep an eye on them", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00076-00044503-00044933": "because they are still immature", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00077-00044933-00045312": "I try so many times already.", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00078-00045312-00045841": "I noticed Nit seems upset for a whole day", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00079-00045841-00046467": "She might be upset because we bought a watch for Vichet", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00080-00046467-00047133": "Don't worry too much! The watch is Chet's birthday gift. Nit knows about it too", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00081-00047133-00047696": "They always act this way. When we buy anything, we have to buy two", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00082-00047696-00048072": "They are only nice to each other in front of us", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00083-00048434-00048897": "I'm worried about them. I'm afraid...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00084-00048897-00049408": "... they can't see each other eye to eye", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00085-00050941-00051156": "Wait...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00086-00051572-00051969": "Are you leaving without your brother?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00087-00051969-00052492": "Why don't you wait for him", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00088-00052492-00053117": "You should learn to take care of your brother", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00089-00053117-00053530": "If I don't see you, you might leave without him again", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00090-00053530-00053962": "I've waited for him for a while and he is still on his bed now", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00091-00053962-00054243": "I should let him walk today", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00092-00054243-00054841": "Your brother is still young. Learn to understand each other", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00093-00054841-00055231": "You always spoil him", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00094-00055231-00055685": "Be kind! You always blame him", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00095-00055685-00056216": "even if I'm around... what happens if I'm not around?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00096-00056216-00056736": "Your son is the one who starts the fight. I'm late for class because of him", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00097-00056736-00057109": "I'll go to check on him", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00098-00057628-00058299": "Mom! Tell her to go first! Look at her face", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00099-00058299-00058904": "Just go together! You are siblings. You should take care of each other", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00100-00058904-00059456": "You too, Chet! Be nice to your sister!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00101-00059456-00059773": "If your dad heard it, you will be in trouble", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00102-00059773-00060272": "Look at her! She doesn't want me to go with her", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00103-00060272-00060777": "Hurry up! You two are going to be late. Nit, let's your brother go with you", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00104-00060777-00061266": "I have to go to the store as well", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00105-00061266-00061596": "Get going! Goodbye, mom!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00106-00062433-00062913": "If you don't want to go with me, you can walk to school", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00107-00062913-00063413": "I can walk by myself. I don't want to go with you as well", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00108-00063413-00063813": "because you bring bad luck to me...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00109-00065854-00066264": "Our profit has decreased lately", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00110-00066264-00066794": "Nit. Where is your brother? Why are you here alone?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00111-00066794-00067285": "Don't tell me that you leave him alone", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00112-00067285-00067557": "I don't know that he hasn't come back yet", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00113-00067557-00068217": "I don't get it. Didn't you go to school together this morning?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00114-00068217-00068855": "I knew it. She would leave her brother this morning", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00115-00068855-00069177": "if I didn't see her on time", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00116-00069177-00069552": "What happens if we aren't around one day?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00117-00069552-00070143": "Siblings Rivalry", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00118-00073523-00074006": "Siblings Rivalry", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00119-00074006-00074579": "I saw other siblings love each other dearly. What about you guys?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00120-00074579-00075000": "Am I to be blamed for just being an elder child?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00121-00075000-00075551": "Don't I deserve to be cherished by you? I'm the one to blame even if it's not my fault", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00122-00075551-00076000": "You always take his side. Why can't you love us equally?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00123-00076000-00076174": "Nit", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00124-00076174-00076439": "I'm coming, dad", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00125-00077117-00077484": "Where did you just come from? Why are you so late?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00126-00077696-00078181": "Chet! Don't do it again! Everyone is worried about you", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00127-00078181-00078716": "Don't worry about me! I was working on my assignments", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00128-00078716-00079000": "That's why I told her to come home first", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00129-00079565-00079879": "Mom! I'm starving", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00130-00079879-00080514": "Okay! Go to change your clothes first! Don't forget to tell your sister to eat", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00131-00081296-00081972": "Lucky me to be born the youngest son. Everyone loves and cares about me more", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00132-00082521-00082969": "Don't thank me! I just felt pity for someone who isn't being loved", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00133-00082969-00083536": "You should be grateful to have a good brother like me", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00134-00083955-00084474": "Shut up! I don't have a brother like you. Don't address me as your sister", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00135-00084474-00084880": "I don't want you as my sister too", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00136-00084880-00085419": "You don't care about your brother. You are always jealous of me", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00137-00085419-00085992": "Get lost before I lose my temper", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00138-00085992-00086691": "I would rather live with a pet than a brother like you", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00139-00086691-00087013": "Where do you want me to go if we share the same room?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00140-00087013-00087296": "You are horrible and nasty", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00141-00087296-00087868": "I don't understand mom. Why does she put us in the same room", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00142-00087868-00088464": "I'll ask mom to move out of this room. I would rather sleep with trash than with you", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00143-00089041-00089417": "Don't touch my pillow", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00144-00089417-00089886": "If you don't want to sleep here, get lost. Go...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00145-00089886-00090209": "The pillow is yours but the blanket is mine", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00146-00093537-00094025": "This motorbike looks good", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00147-00094170-00094621": "Nit must be happy when she sees it", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00148-00094621-00095064": "She must surprised that you buy a new motorbike for her", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00149-00095243-00095550": "but...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00150-00095550-00096005": "Keep it aside! Don't let our children know about it!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00151-00096403-00096932": "Ohh, Wow! I love it. Do you buy it for me?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00152-00096932-00097295": "I love you the most", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00153-00097295-00097787": "I'll no longer walk to school", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00154-00097966-00098324": "Sreynit! Come here!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00155-00098324-00098628": "Sreynit, come...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00156-00098628-00099018": "Do you like this motorbike? Your dad buys it for you", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00157-00099018-00099384": "Really, dad?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00158-00099384-00099760": "Yes, baby girl! About that...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00159-00100448-00101014": "Chet! You can take Nit's old motorbike. When we have money, we'll buy you a new one too", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00160-00101318-00101952": "Son, you just got a watch. It's for your sister", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00161-00101952-00102385": "Watch is cheaper than a motorbike. Why don't you buy me a motorbike?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00162-00102385-00102826": "Actually, you save money to buy new motorbike for Nit", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00163-00102826-00103141": "You don't love your children equally", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00164-00103141-00103758": "Chet, Nit's older than you. When we save enough money, we will buy a new one for you as well", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00165-00103758-00104292": "Thank you, mom and dad! I really love this motorbike", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00166-00104292-00104654": "I won't use her old motorbike.", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00167-00104654-00105005": "I would rather walk to school", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00168-00105005-00105452": "Chet! Don't be stubborn! Act like a grown-up!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00169-00105452-00105848": "Your sister is older than you. She deserves it.", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00170-00105848-00106420": "We will buy you at the end of this year", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00171-00106420-00106884": "Brother! You should wait one more year", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00172-00107289-00107723": "Here is the key to my old motorbike! I give you as a gift", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00173-00111473-00111874": "Honey, our profit is decreasing significantly", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00174-00111874-00112652": "We spent our savings on Nit's motorbike. where can we get money to invest for next month?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00175-00112652-00113000": "We still have to pay interest for our debts", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00176-00113000-00113592": "As you know, our children don't really have a good relationship", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00177-00113592-00114046": "If we buy something, they both have to get their shares", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00178-00114046-00114419": "If Vichet gets something new, Nit also wants something as well", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00179-00114419-00114829": "We will find solutions for our investment", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00180-00114829-00115507": "I don't know how to stop them from fighting and envying each other", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00181-00115507-00116199": "I put them together in one room because I expect they will understand each other more", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00182-00116199-00116610": "but It's completely upside down from what I expected.", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00183-00116610-00117174": "Vichet begged me to let him have his own room", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00184-00117174-00117483": "It stresses me out", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00185-00117483-00118000": "When they were young, they didn't fight", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00186-00118000-00118478": "but it's different when they grow up", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00187-00118478-00119040": "They don't love each other like they were young", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00188-00119040-00119609": "They even blame us for treating one child different from another", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00189-00119609-00120163": "I'm afraid of this word. That's why I try to provide them equally", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00190-00120415-00120904": "I think we should do something", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00191-00120904-00121463": "If they keep fighting, they will estrange each other one day", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00192-00121463-00122165": "I don't want to be strict with them because they aren't kids anymore", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00193-00122165-00122697": "We can't be too strict with them", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00194-00122697-00123095": "That's why I try to be gentle with them", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00195-00123095-00123535": "but it doesn't seem to be effective", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00196-00123672-00124082": "At least, they are still listening to you", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00197-00124082-00124641": "but they aren't listening to me at all", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00198-00125000-00125608": "I have no idea right now", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00199-00125608-00126153": "I work hard everyday because of them", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00200-00126153-00126722": "But, whenever I come home, my motivation is gone", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00201-00126841-00127458": "Siblings Rivalry", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00202-00130805-00131343": "Siblings Rivalry", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00203-00131343-00131908": "Honey! Don't think too much! We still have times", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00204-00131908-00132472": "We will try to talk to them. They might change when they age", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00205-00132472-00132806": "Don't worry too much!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00206-00132806-00133499": "I can't because they weren't like this when they were young", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00207-00133499-00133958": "but they always fight when they are growing older", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00208-00133958-00134418": "You should sleep. It'll be better", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00209-00134418-00135071": "We still have time to guide them. Sleep!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00210-00136982-00137610": "Hmm! My new motorbike is strong and soundless unlike the old one", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00211-00137919-00138325": "I feel comfortable driving it.", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00212-00138325-00138760": "Mom and dad make me so happy", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00213-00139152-00139811": "Mom and dad love the youngest child the most. If not, they wouldn't buy my watch before your motorbike", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00214-00139811-00140336": "They bought this motorbike because you envy me", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00215-00140981-00141308": "Ohh, really?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00216-00141308-00141729": "How can you compare a watch with a motorbike?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00217-00141729-00142093": "Don't say it! What a shame", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00218-00142093-00142804": "At least, mom and dad have never blamed me", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00219-00142804-00143194": "They blame you because you always envy your brother", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00220-00143194-00143865": "Mom blames me because of you. You're a troublemaker", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00221-00143865-00144371": "Mom doesn't want to talk to you because you're annoying", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00222-00144371-00144605": "You should know about it", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00223-00144605-00145042": "It's not true. Our parents love me and hate you, get it?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00224-00145042-00145606": "If mom scrolls you again, I won't help you anymore", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00225-00145606-00146140": "Ohh, I'm so scared! Please help me...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00226-00146140-00146898": "I want mom to blame because I get a new motorbike after that", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00227-00146898-00147293": "unlike you... using my old bike", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00228-00147520-00147973": "I feel bad for you. Don't cry, brother", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00229-00148907-00149532": "A new motorbike? Mocking me...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00230-00149532-00149858": "I'll let you see about that", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00231-00150267-00150976": "I'll let you taste a bitter lesson", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00232-00152977-00153633": "When will he come back home? It's already late", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00233-00154272-00154728": "Hello! When will you come back? You'll eat salt today", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00234-00154728-00155113": "Nit! Can you come to pick me up? It's too dark. I don't want to walk", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00235-00155113-00155343": "Why don't you drive?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00236-00155343-00155822": "I don't want to use your old motorbike", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00237-00155822-00156125": "I'm not going", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00238-00156391-00156817": "Chet! Did you scratch my motorbike?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00239-00156817-00157440": "This asshole... Why don't you walk back today?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00240-00157440-00157862": "Are you feel ashamed of yourself?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00241-00157862-00158238": "This jerk", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00242-00158238-00158695": "Nit, I did it unintentionally", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00243-00158695-00158994": "Please come to pick me up! I'm starving", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00244-00158994-00159697": "I'm not going... Just walk back as you usually do", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00245-00159976-00160337": "Please don't hurt me! You've mistaken me for someone else", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00246-00160337-00160587": "Chet... Chet... answer me", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00247-00160587-00160878": "Chet...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00248-00160878-00161316": "Sreynit! Why are you yelling at your phone?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00249-00161316-00161848": "I was talking to Chet and he scream for help", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00250-00161848-00162288": "Oh, God! What's happening? You should go to find him", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00251-00162288-00162736": "You stay here. I can go alone. Nit, take care of your mother", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00252-00162736-00163033": "I'll go after you", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00253-00163863-00164283": "Mom! Stay here! Dad might need my help", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00254-00164283-00164653": "Be careful and keep me posted", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00255-00164653-00164842": "Sure, will do!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00256-00165920-00166378": "She must be shocked right now", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00257-00166378-00166878": "I shouldn't have a sister as a fool", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00258-00166878-00167283": "She might drive crazily to search for me", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00259-00167283-00167668": "I'm having fun with her", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00260-00168297-00168745": "What's happening there?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00261-00169398-00169750": "Wait, It's Nit's motorbike", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00262-00169750-00170070": "Is something happening to her?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00263-00170070-00170421": "Dad... dad...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00264-00170421-00170846": "Nit. What happened to our dad?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00265-00170846-00171238": "Dad...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00266-00171238-00171541": "Wake up... Dad...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00267-00171541-00171923": "Please help him", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00268-00171923-00172392": "Dad... Dad...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00269-00172392-00172694": "Nit!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00270-00172694-00173168": "Dad... Wake up, dad...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00271-00173168-00173470": "What happened to you?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00272-00173470-00174015": "Dad... Wake up, dad...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00273-00174015-00174417": "Are you happy right now?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00274-00174417-00175036": "It's not the place where our dad supposes to sleep", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00275-00175036-00175424": "It should be your place", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00276-00175424-00175919": "I don't want it to be this way.", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00277-00175919-00176512": "You killed my dad. You're not a human. Get lost!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00278-00176512-00177033": "No... Dad...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00279-00177033-00177374": "I'm sorry", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00280-00177374-00177847": "Please help call the ambulance for us", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00281-00177847-00178212": "Help us...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00282-00178212-00178713": "Dad... dad...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00283-00180313-00180603": "What's it, son?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00284-00180603-00181084": "It looks delicious. I want to taste it", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00285-00181084-00181527": "Aren't you preparing to sell?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00286-00181527-00182158": "I'll go late today. You can eat it before you go to school", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00287-00182308-00182782": "Can you eat well? If it were me, I couldn't eat", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00288-00183088-00183619": "Someone is a murderer of his own father", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00289-00183619-00184239": "I couldn't forget about what happened.", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00290-00184239-00184786": "Nit. I accept that it's my fault but I don't want to remind about it", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00291-00184786-00185150": "Why do you bring up it again?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00292-00185150-00185859": "It already happened. Don't hold grudges against your own blood", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00293-00185859-00186472": "Siblings Rivalry", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00294-00189965-00190496": "Siblings Rivalry", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00295-00190594-00191032": "No matter what happened, you can't deny that you're siblings", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00296-00191032-00191337": "You should learn to let it go", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00297-00191337-00191911": "Although time flies, the picture of dad is still in my eyes", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00298-00191911-00192414": "and I remembered clearly the reason that dad passed away", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00299-00192414-00192979": "which make me live without dad and mom becomes a widow", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00300-00192979-00193502": "Are you not going to forgive me for the rest of your life?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00301-00193502-00193982": "Do you think I wanted it to happen?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00302-00193982-00194294": "Enough! Listen, my dear!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00303-00194294-00194953": "Although your dad isn't here,", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00304-00194953-00195413": "I'm not tired of selling alone", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00305-00195413-00195928": "I become discouraged when I come home and hear you guys fighting", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00306-00196179-00196568": "I'm sorry, mom", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00307-00196568-00196832": "It's okay, baby", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00308-00196832-00197431": "I'll come home late today. Don't worry", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00309-00197431-00197980": "I beg you to think about what I told you earlier", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00310-00200631-00201000": "Mom! Dad! It's cold", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00311-00201000-00201391": "You deserve to die", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00312-00201391-00201829": "I don't care about you. I should leave you to freeze to death", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00313-00201829-00202351": "Mom... Nit... Dad...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00314-00202351-00202747": "Help me! It's cold", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00315-00205757-00206029": "Nit! Do you feel better?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00316-00206029-00206272": "I feel cold", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00317-00206612-00206992": "Do you feel warmer?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00318-00206992-00207583": "If you don't feel better, I'll hug you. Our parents will be back soon", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00319-00207583-00207907": "Please hold on a little bit more, sister!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00320-00207907-00208211": "I'm thirsty", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00321-00210520-00210877": "Nit, close your eyes, and sleep!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00322-00210877-00211531": "Mom told me to get more sleep when we are sick", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00323-00211531-00211987": "Mom will come back soon. Let me hug you until you fall asleep", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00324-00213905-00214326": "Ohh, his body is burning", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00325-00214326-00214683": "Vichet! Chet...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00326-00214683-00215134": "Chet... Why is your body temperature higher-than-normal.", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00327-00215134-00215488": "I should take him to the hospital now", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00328-00215988-00216396": "Hold on! I'll take you to the hospital", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00329-00216396-00216848": "Your body temperature keeps rising. Let's go to the hospital with me", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00330-00216848-00217202": "Get up!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00331-00219158-00219471": "Chet... Hold on! We're almost there", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00332-00219471-00219974": "Chet! Aren't you stubborn? Wake up and fight with me", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00333-00219974-00220444": "Wake up and talk to me", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00334-00220825-00221190": "Chet! Don't be quiet! Don't scare me!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00335-00221344-00221653": "Be gentle, sister!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00336-00221653-00222059": "Are you hurt? Hold on! I'll go to find mom", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00337-00222059-00222652": "You lie to me. You said it doesn't hurt but It's hurt so bad", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00338-00222652-00223036": "I'm sorry. I will not let anything happen to you next time", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00339-00223036-00223357": "I will not let anything happen to you", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00340-00223357-00223809": "I will carry you. So, you won't injure again", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00341-00223809-00224113": "Yeah, finally, Nit carries me", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00342-00224113-00224445": "Be patient! I'll apply the medicine for you", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00343-00224445-00224666": "Yes, sister!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00344-00224794-00225194": "Oww! It hurts", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00345-00225194-00225527": "It will be better soon", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00346-00225527-00225719": "Be gentle, sister", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00347-00226634-00227197": "We are almost there. Don't be quiet. Say something", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00348-00227197-00227476": "Don't scare me!", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00349-00228274-00228608": "Hold on a little bit more", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00350-00229206-00229586": "Why do you wake up?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00351-00229586-00230060": "Lay down! You're still recovering", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00352-00230060-00230468": "I'm alright. I feel a lot better. I want to go to school", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00353-00230468-00230888": "but I'm afraid your fever will be worsen", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00354-00230888-00231425": "I'll tell your sister to ask permission for you for one more day", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00355-00231425-00231749": "No, I'm having an exam today", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00356-00232047-00232720": "Why are you such a good student? I have never seen you want to go to school", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00357-00232720-00233339": "When you're not sick, why don't you want to study? Don't be stubborn", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00358-00233339-00233940": "You should rest until you are fully recovered.", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00359-00233940-00234577": "Don't make everyone tired because of you", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00360-00234577-00235090": "I didn't ask you to take care of me. When will you stop hating me?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00361-00235090-00235596": "It's been a year since dad's accident. Stop thinking negatively about me", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00362-00235596-00235963": "I have changed for our family.", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00363-00235963-00236433": "You did it because you feel guilty", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00364-00236433-00237101": "No matter how much you try to change, you're still a murderer", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00365-00237101-00237548": "When will you stop reminding me about dad?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00366-00237548-00237991": "Aren't you stop listening to me anymore?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00367-00237991-00238569": "Don't you see his actions... He is so stubborn", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00368-00238569-00238965": "You too... You don't listen to what mom says", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00369-00241006-00241596": "Mom! Please take this money to buy his watch back. He sold it", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00370-00241596-00242279": "Don't tell him that I give you money to buy him a gift", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00371-00242279-00242929": "Where do you get this money from? You always give me all of money from selling", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00372-00242929-00243476": "I spare my free time to do some part-time work", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00373-00243476-00244061": "I'm sorry that I can't afford to let you continue your study", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00374-00244061-00244547": "You even help me sell and work part-time...", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00375-00244547-00244981": "I'm fine, mom. I'm still young and healthy", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00376-00244981-00245330": "I just want to help share your burden", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00377-00245330-00245798": "Don't worry! I won't do it during my study-time", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00378-00245798-00246061": "Don't you see? I'm strong", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00379-00246061-00246409": "What happens to your arm?", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00380-00246409-00246918": "It's nothing. I do the dishes", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00381-00246918-00247203": "It's nothing, mom", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00382-00247203-00247644": "At least, I can help you support our family", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00383-00247644-00248102": "I want our family to be better", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00384-00248102-00248593": "Although I don't like Vichet much, I can't deny my blood", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00385-00248593-00249029": "When you weren't home, Vichet had a fever", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00386-00249029-00249390": "I felt bad for him.", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00387-00249390-00250029": "I almost lose my brother because of my anger", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00388-00250029-00250622": "I always want to forgive him but I can't say it out", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00389-00251621-00251933": "I'm sorry, mom and sister", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00390-00251933-00252418": "I couldn't stop blaming myself after dad passed away", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00391-00252418-00252840": "Although I pretend to be tough, I was not on the inside", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00392-00252840-00253471": "I used to hate my sister because of her temper", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00393-00253471-00253946": "because of my foolish action, I lose my dad", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00394-00254914-00255226": "No one wants it to happen", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00395-00255226-00255864": "No matter how much you blame each other, you can't change the past", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00396-00255864-00256471": "The most important thing is the present", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00397-00256471-00256994": "Look at your brother! He's changed to be a new person", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00398-00256994-00257387": "He isn't as stubborn as before", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00399-00257387-00257859": "Please learn to open your heart and forgive your brother", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00400-00257859-00258439": "He's been living with guilt for over a year now", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00401-00258840-00259381": "I'm sorry that I'm not being a good sister to you", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00402-00259381-00259748": "I shouldn't hold grudges against you", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00403-00259748-00260290": "I was so furious and upset. That's why I blame you", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00404-00260290-00260989": "We can start being a good sister and brother again", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00405-00260989-00261380": "We will work together to get our home back", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00406-00261380-00261946": "If dad sees us love each other, he must be happy", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00407-00263742-00264470": "Thanks for watching", "bfT7zoVeEeE-00408-00264632-00265280": "Subtitle Translation by Malen En"}}]