[{"audio_id": "gFHNd-M-bPu", "text": {"gFHNd-M-bPu-00000-00000690-00001404": "Just think of like the most anxious, anxiety-ridden moment of your life and then times that", "gFHNd-M-bPu-00001-00001404-00001598": "about a hundred.", "gFHNd-M-bPu-00002-00001598-00002088": "And what's weird is, sitting here telling you now, I can't imagine going to do that", "gFHNd-M-bPu-00003-00002088-00002389": "now, because my life is so different.", "gFHNd-M-bPu-00004-00002389-00003142": "But 20 years ago I was a much different person and very crazy and wild and at the time it", "gFHNd-M-bPu-00005-00003142-00003642": "sounded like a solution to some problems and turned out not so much.", "gFHNd-M-bPu-00006-00003642-00004057": "Everyone goes through pretty profound changes between the ages of 20 and 40.", "gFHNd-M-bPu-00007-00004057-00004624": "Like [I was] 20 when I committed the crimes, 40 I'm now a dad, husband; and if we know", "gFHNd-M-bPu-00008-00004624-00005258": "that, if we know people make profound changes, why do we think prisoners can't?"}}, {"audio_id": "gGls63JHvZ0", "text": {"gGls63JHvZ0-00000-00000072-00000648": "jumbo, your video has been fixed. this means that we're not going to change it from a like to a", "gGls63JHvZ0-00001-00000648-00001376": "dislike, because we added a 24-hour time, wait, no, a 48-hour time when it was first noticed,", "gGls63JHvZ0-00002-00001440-00002408": "and it was first around 3 p.m yesterday, so now it was found with the subtitles added back,", "gGls63JHvZ0-00003-00002464-00003152": "and this means it's good, but it turned out that this one was updated just a couple of hours ago.", "gGls63JHvZ0-00004-00003215-00003896": "so somewhere in the last 24 hours, it must have been added, or then updated, which is weird.", "gGls63JHvZ0-00005-00003896-00004296": "i don't know how this can happen, and your video remains light the whole time."}}, {"audio_id": "gGn2BLR0u_A", "text": {"gGn2BLR0u_A-00000-00000244-00000697": "I have an insight I want to share with you okay and I always think it's really", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00001-00000697-00001429": "good to anchor an insight into with an image okay so if you don't speak in a", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00002-00001429-00001909": "voice that your customer can understand in a language that your customer can", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00003-00001909-00002293": "relate to and can actually hear so that it comes through of what you're going to", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00004-00002293-00002839": "do for them this becomes your audience so I share this image with you not to", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00005-00002839-00003261": "scare you although that's really useful too I share this image with you to", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00006-00003261-00003844": "illustrate that point of how important it is to speak so they can hear the next", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00007-00003844-00004314": "thing I want to share with you is be patient because they are not going to", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00008-00004314-00004671": "feel immediately and this is what's going to happen and I don't know how", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00009-00004671-00004996": "we're gonna do this technologically but maybe I'll just move around a bit okay", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00010-00004996-00005362": "and what you want to do and I want to tell you the story of the tipping point", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00011-00005362-00006025": "okay when you start with an empty room your biggest goal is to find this this", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00012-00006025-00006948": "person one just one and then crack that and then this person becomes this person", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00013-00006948-00007756": "and this person and then these two people become four people and it grows", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00014-00007756-00008392": "exponentially but you must be patient or it will not work when you try to skip", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00015-00008392-00009178": "the steps it will not work grow steadily with a listening ear so then you can", "gGn2BLR0u_A-00016-00009178-00009579": "scale okay"}}, {"audio_id": "gGojaE_SrQk", "text": {"gGojaE_SrQk-00000-00000000-00000500": "Free GUTS Success Exclusive Mindmap www.Claude Diamond.com"}}, {"audio_id": "gGSuPrRTXlo", "text": {"gGSuPrRTXlo-00000-00000057-00000334": "Okay, our 2 video facts!", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00001-00000334-00000444": "Fact one.", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00002-00000444-00000603": "I'm so stupid.", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00003-00000603-00000714": "Fact two.", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00004-00000714-00001178": "I'm on Shell master so what you see will be available in GNOME 3.38, unless something", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00005-00001178-00001398": "very dramatic happens!", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00006-00001398-00001768": "So you see that on this page we only have 3 rows of icons?", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00007-00001768-00002094": "But on the second page we have 4 rows!", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00008-00002094-00002641": "That's because we have proper paging, so we can have empty spots to our pages!", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00009-00002641-00003052": "So if I bring Geary up, then the second page will have a blank!", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00010-00003052-00003339": "So super cool and I also super missed it!", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00011-00003339-00003763": "However the actual gameplay isn't that good, and I'm not sure why.", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00012-00003763-00003926": "Maybe is the graphics?", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00013-00003926-00004364": "I really don't know the problem, but it doesn't feel as good as on phones.", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00014-00004364-00004910": "One limitation though is that we can't create new pages, unless the last page gets overfilled.", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00015-00004910-00005228": "For example I can't move Geary to a new page.", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00016-00005228-00005786": "But if I bring two more icons on page six, then page 7 will be auto-created.", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00017-00005786-00006046": "I hope they come with a better solution on that!", "gGSuPrRTXlo-00018-00006046-00006368": "Anyway, that was all for now and I'm out!"}}, {"audio_id": "gGblxbPY52y", "text": {"gGblxbPY52y-00000-00000142-00000542": "2 eggs", "gGblxbPY52y-00001-00000706-00000906": "1 cup of sugar", "gGblxbPY52y-00002-00000969-00001169": "Vanilla sugar", "gGblxbPY52y-00003-00003258-00003458": "1 cup of oil", "gGblxbPY52y-00004-00004178-00004378": "Cocoa powder", "gGblxbPY52y-00005-00006978-00007178": "Chocolate flakes", "gGblxbPY52y-00006-00007775-00007975": "Cornstarch", "gGblxbPY52y-00007-00010322-00010522": "Flour", "gGblxbPY52y-00008-00011483-00011683": "Baking powder", "gGblxbPY52y-00009-00020701-00020901": "Chocolate chips", "gGblxbPY52y-00010-00025725-00025925": "Bake"}}, {"audio_id": "gH6K9XXKd_g", "text": {"gH6K9XXKd_g-00000-00000041-00000447": "Operator: Good morning. Welcome to the Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases Tele-briefing", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00001-00000447-00000999": "hosted by the National Institutes of Health. This Tele-briefing will last approximately", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00002-00000999-00001366": "60 minutes. There will be four primary speakers who will provide brief remarks and then you", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00003-00001366-00002046": "will be able to ask questions. To ask questions, you can press 'star' and '1' on your touchtone", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00004-00002046-00002544": "phone to enter the queue. To remove yourself from the queue you may press the pound key.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00005-00002544-00003000": "This call will be recorded, transcribed and available on the website of the National Human", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00006-00003000-00003704": "Genome Research Institute at www.genome.gov. Now I'll turn over the program to moderator", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00007-00003704-00004126": "Larry Thompson, Chief of Communications at the National Human Genome Research Institute.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00008-00004126-00004527": "Larry Thompson: Good morning, everybody. On behalf of the National Institutes of Health", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00009-00004527-00005066": "I am pleased to welcome reporters to this briefing about the launch of the new NIH Therapeutics", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00010-00005066-00005582": "for Rare and Neglected Diseases Program or TRND, which we've been pronouncing as \"trend\".", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00011-00005582-00005998": "So you'll probably hear that throughout this discussion. I will be the moderator for today.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00012-00005998-00006385": "At 11:00 AM after the briefing is over, the press release and background documents related", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00013-00006385-00007184": "to this announcement will go up on nih.gov, in the newsroom and at genome.gov and at the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00014-00007184-00007540": "Office of Rare Diseases Research website as well.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00015-00007540-00007870": "Four speakers will talk for about 20 minutes and then we'll take questions for the rest", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00016-00007870-00008338": "of the hour. The speakers, in order, will be Dr. Raynard S. Kington, Acting Director", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00017-00008338-00008766": "of the National Institutes of Health; Dr. Stephen Groft, Director of the NIH Office", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00018-00008766-00009250": "of Rare Diseases Research which is located in the Office of the NIH Director; Dr. Alan", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00019-00009250-00009716": "Guttmacher, Acting Director of NHGRI, the National Human Genome Research Institute at", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00020-00009716-00010319": "NIH; and Dr. Christopher Austin, Director of the NIH Chemical Genomic Center. So I'd", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00021-00010319-00010781": "like to turn this over to NIH Acting Director Dr. Kington for opening remarks. Dr. Kington?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00022-00010781-00011163": "Raynard Kington: Thank you. Good morning. My name is Raynard Kington. I am the Acting", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00023-00011163-00011624": "Director of NIH. As many of you know for many decades medical and congressional leaders", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00024-00011624-00012259": "have struggled with difficulties of adopting new treatments for rare or neglected diseases.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00025-00012259-00012643": "It's distressing for physicians to have so few effective treatments for the uncommon", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00026-00012643-00013141": "conditions that occasionally arise among their patients, and even more distressing for patients", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00027-00013141-00013619": "and their families. Members of Congress and their staff have heard countless heart-rending", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00028-00013619-00014174": "stories from constituents pleading for help with conditions that medical science has not", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00029-00014174-00014674": "yet solved. This is more than a problem of anecdotes and individual patients. It's actually", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00030-00014674-00014791": "a major public health problem.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00031-00014791-00015446": "NIH estimates that between 25 million to 30 million Americans suffer from a rare or neglected", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00032-00015446-00016199": "disease. Of the estimated 6,800 rare diseases, only about 200 have effective treatments and", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00033-00016199-00016718": "we know that more has to be done to help our citizens with these problems. Since the 1980s,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00034-00016718-00017214": "Congress has tried various approaches to stimulate development of treatments for these disorders.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00035-00017214-00017702": "With the Orphan Drug Act, Congress tried to give biotech and pharmaceutical companies", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00036-00017702-00018194": "financial incentives to invest in the hard work of developing treatments for rare diseases.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00037-00018194-00018726": "While they have the notable successes, progress has remained slow.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00038-00018726-00019202": "Now, Congress is asking us to play a more direct role. In the current budget which was", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00039-00019202-00019764": "just passed a few weeks ago, Congress gave NIH a down payment of $24 million to begin", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00040-00019764-00020312": "creating a drug development pipeline specifically to produce treatments for rare or neglected", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00041-00020312-00020944": "diseases, and this initiative really is new. NIH has always invested heavily in the basic", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00042-00020944-00021425": "science that can lead to development of new treatments, and NIH has engaged in research", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00043-00021425-00021965": "aimed at translating basic scientific findings into biomedical treatments, but we've never", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00044-00021965-00022566": "tried to directly develop medications for rare or neglected diseases, an area of drug", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00045-00022566-00023005": "development not actively pursued by private companies for obvious reasons.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00046-00023005-00023716": "There's a firm foundation at NIH on which to build this initiative. The NIH Roadmap", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00047-00023716-00024130": "for Medical Research which many of you are familiar with has created several programs", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00048-00024130-00024723": "over the last few years that can directly support a drug development program. For example,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00049-00024723-00025464": "Roadmap funded the NIH Chemical Genomic Center, a high throughput screening center that uses", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00050-00025464-00026048": "a robotic system and a chemical library of more that 350,000 compounds to understand", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00051-00026048-00026516": "disease pathways and to potentially discover new therapeutic compounds.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00052-00026516-00027024": "Roadmap also launched the Rapid Access to Interventional Development program or the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00053-00027024-00027539": "so-called RAID program which is designed to help researchers overcome obstacles in drug", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00054-00027539-00028108": "development as well as the Clinical and Translational Science Awards program or the CTSA program.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00055-00028108-00028820": "NIH has also had an incredible clinical center where we already test medications in the earlier", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00056-00028820-00029349": "stages of clinical development. This program will be able to leverage all of these and", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00057-00029349-00029770": "other resources around the agency to directly develop treatments for rare diseases.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00058-00029770-00030377": "Let me say a few words about neglected diseases. Neglected diseases tend to be rare in the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00059-00030377-00030900": "United States since they are primarily important infectious diseases that have been wiped out", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00060-00030900-00031541": "here but have not been wiped out worldwide. These cause havoc on poor and developing countries", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00061-00031541-00032063": "in particular where the population often cannot afford existing treatments and for the most", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00062-00032063-00032533": "part where they are neglected because private drug companies can't make enough profit developing", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00063-00032533-00033177": "new treatments for them. But as the recent outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) so clearly", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00064-00033177-00033663": "demonstrates, America is not immune from infectious agents springing up in other parts of the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00065-00033663-00034123": "world. Not only is developing new treatments for neglected diseases the right thing to", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00066-00034123-00034458": "do, it is also in our own best interests.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00067-00034458-00034961": "This program offers a very practical and hopeful strategy for dealing with both of these important", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00068-00034961-00035577": "sources of pain and suffering and I'm delighted that NIH is getting directly involved. Unfortunately,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00069-00035577-00036057": "I can't stay for the entire discussion here but I would like to take this opportunity", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00070-00036057-00036809": "to just express my personal excitement on behalf of the agency for this important program", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00071-00036809-00037245": "and I will now pass on to others to give you more information about the program.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00072-00037245-00037619": "Larry Thompson: Thank you, Dr. Kington. I'd now like to ask Dr. Groft who's the Director", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00073-00037619-00037910": "of the Office of Rare and Infectious Diseases to make some opening comments.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00074-00037910-00038481": "Stephen Groft: Thank you, Larry, and thank you all for your interest in the Therapeutics", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00075-00038481-00038947": "for Rare and Neglected Diseases Program. We have a rare chance here to do something really", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00076-00038947-00039599": "important to help many of our fellow citizens. I run the NIH Office of Rare Diseases Research", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00077-00039599-00040055": "which will provide governance and oversight to TRND. I know how important this effort", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00078-00040055-00040612": "will be. Each year the Rare Diseases Office receives thousands of phone calls and letters", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00079-00040612-00041103": "from people, patients or their family members who are desperate for some relief from their", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00080-00041103-00041805": "condition. Too often, neither their doctors nor we have anything to offer. I believe TRND", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00081-00041805-00042397": "will be a critical start to changing that dynamic. This is the first time NIH is setting", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00082-00042397-00042725": "up a drug development program specifically for these conditions.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00083-00042725-00043513": "TRND will be a very interesting and dynamic mix of scientists working in NIH's own facilities,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00084-00043513-00044008": "collaborating with researchers working at universities and in industry. TRND will be", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00085-00044008-00044624": "opportunistic. We will follow the science, pushing forward a new treatment for any rare", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00086-00044624-00045303": "or neglected disease when there is a new insight or opening that we can exploit. As much as", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00087-00045303-00045900": "anything, the scientific opportunities would determine what we are working on at any particular", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00088-00045900-00046294": "time, and of course, our available resources.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00089-00046294-00046978": "Our plan is to use strict criteria to determine what types of diseases and which drug target", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00090-00046978-00047581": "should be the focus of TRND. For example, TRND will not pursue a treatment already under", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00091-00047581-00048231": "development by someone else, especially the industry. It is not TRND's intention to compete", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00092-00048231-00049143": "with pharmaceutical or biotech companies. TRND will draw many of its projects from NIH-supported", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00093-00049143-00049715": "investigators. We will look to them for insights into the molecular causes of the disease and", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00094-00049715-00050288": "collaborations on pharmacological and animal models for lead optimization and preclinical", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00095-00050288-00050388": "testing.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00096-00050388-00051244": "We'll also be realistic. The preclinical work is hard and our resources initially are limited.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00097-00051244-00051766": "Congress has appropriated $24 million for the first year. That will be enough to get", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00098-00051766-00052341": "us started with hiring staff, outfitting the TRND laboratory and getting started on a couple", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00099-00052341-00052967": "of rare or neglected diseases. Fortunately, there's every indication that Congress will", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00100-00052967-00053652": "continue to provide funds each year at least through 2013. One of the biggest problems", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00101-00053652-00054316": "TRND will face is deciding what to work on. As Dr. Kington mentioned, there are some 6,800", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00102-00054316-00054705": "rare diseases, not to mention the neglected diseases.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00103-00054705-00055354": "To make sure we are pursuing the best opportunity, TRND will have an advisory group made up of", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00104-00055354-00056023": "senior scientists from many of the 27 institutes and centers here at the NIH. This group will", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00105-00056023-00056742": "provide ongoing consultations regarding operations, advice on peer review for projects and will", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00106-00056742-00057389": "help integrate TRND into related efforts at the various NIH institutes and centers. TRND", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00107-00057389-00058061": "will also organize an external expert panel comprised of experts in drug development and", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00108-00058061-00058691": "rare and neglected diseases researchers from academia, industry and patient advocacy communities.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00109-00058691-00059415": "Together, these two groups will help TRND decide on the best opportunities in drug discovery", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00110-00059415-00059712": "and development to make progress with a rare disease.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00111-00059712-00060414": "It is NIH's intention to complement and not to compete with the pharmaceutical and biotechnology", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00112-00060414-00061175": "industries. TRND is intended to take a promising molecule through the riskiest stages of drug", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00113-00061175-00061747": "development and then seek out private partners to bring the product to market. TRND will", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00114-00061747-00062373": "be a collaborative effort. We will be seeking relationships with a wide range of organizations,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00115-00062373-00063076": "experts and advocates interested in rare and neglected diseases to help overcome the obstacles", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00116-00063076-00063407": "preventing these products from reaching the market.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00117-00063407-00063974": "For example, one of the problems with developing treatments for rare diseases is that they", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00118-00063974-00064638": "are rare. It can be challenging for researchers and even companies to find enough people with", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00119-00064638-00065248": "the right condition to test a new treatment. TRND plans to work with patient advocacy groups", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00120-00065248-00065737": "to organize collections of individuals with rare diseases to help study the condition's", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00121-00065737-00066367": "natural history as well as develop a pool of potential participants for clinical studies.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00122-00066367-00066892": "We've had a measure of success with these studies in our rare diseases clinical diseases", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00123-00066892-00067511": "network. How all of these activities will work are still in development, but this is", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00124-00067511-00068072": "a very exciting and very promising time. For people with rare or neglected diseases, this", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00125-00068072-00068364": "is also a time of hope. Thank you. Larry?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00126-00068364-00068761": "Larry Thompson: Thank you, Dr. Groft. I'd like to now ask Dr. Guttmacher, the Acting", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00127-00068761-00069152": "Director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, to make some opening remarks. Dr.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00128-00069152-00069252": "Guttmacher?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00129-00069252-00069764": "Alan Guttmacher: Thank you, Larry. I am pleased to lend the National Human Genome Research", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00130-00069764-00070306": "Institute's support to TRND. This effort is a natural fit with NHGRI's mission especially", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00131-00070306-00070974": "as almost all rare disorders have a fundamental genetic component. Also, NHGRI is very supportive", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00132-00070974-00071483": "because the mission of TRND links so closely with the mission of the NIH Chemical Genomic", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00133-00071483-00071983": "Center or NCGC, which NHGRI operates.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00134-00071983-00072613": "Even before the human genome project was completed in 2003, NHGRI had begun to focus on finding", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00135-00072613-00073079": "ways to turn the hard-won knowledge about the human genome into medical advances for", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00136-00073079-00073677": "the direct benefit of the public. That same year, when NIH announced its Roadmap for Medical", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00137-00073677-00074194": "Research, NHGRI proposed a genome-based approach to finding new molecular targets involved", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00138-00074194-00074854": "in health and disease. That led to the creation of NCGC which has developed a high throughput", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00139-00074854-00075527": "industrial-sized robotic screening system that can now test a library of more than 350,000", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00140-00075527-00075998": "chemicals against molecular targets often identified through genomic studies in healthy", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00141-00075998-00076205": "and diseased cells and tissue.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00142-00076205-00076893": "Our early experiences quickly showed that, as had been anticipated, once NCGC discovered", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00143-00076893-00077385": "a promising chemical, getting from discovery to clinical trials in people is a challenging", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00144-00077385-00077967": "and complicated path. Many difficult basic science tests still need to be taken once", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00145-00077967-00078541": "the promising molecule is found. For example, the chemical needs to be modified so it can", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00146-00078541-00079173": "be used in the human body. It has to be put in a form that is soluble, that is not toxic,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00147-00079173-00079783": "and it still acts on its target molecule in the tissue. Each step has to be tested in", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00148-00079783-00080286": "increasingly complex systems, in cell cultures to animals, before the Food and Drug Administration", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00149-00080286-00080494": "will ever grant permission to test it in people.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00150-00080494-00081058": "This preclinical stage in drug development is so difficult that it's colloquially called", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00151-00081058-00081654": "the \"Valley of Death\". That, unfortunately, is not just a metaphor. This stage of drug", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00152-00081654-00082029": "development can take two to four years of work, cost $10 million on average and still", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00153-00082029-00082726": "result in a failure rate of 80% to 90%. Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases will pick", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00154-00082726-00083299": "up this stage where projects such as those of NCGC currently leave off. TRND will do", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00155-00083299-00083864": "the hard chemical work to turn promising molecules into medicines and will perform and/or oversee", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00156-00083864-00084495": "the collaborative experiments needed to qualify for investigation of new drug status.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00157-00084495-00084987": "By having the opportunity to coordinate the work of these two programs, NCGC and TRND,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00158-00084987-00085430": "and adding in other NIH clinical research components as well as collaborations with", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00159-00085430-00085950": "outside researchers and disease advocates, NIH will be organizing a powerful coalition", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00160-00085950-00086401": "to start making real progress on rare and neglected diseases. Larry?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00161-00086401-00086861": "Larry Thompson: Thank you, Dr. Guttmacher. Lastly, I'd like to get opening remarks from", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00162-00086861-00087476": "Dr. Chris Austin who runs the NIH Chemical Genomic Center and has been a driving force", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00163-00087476-00087686": "behind the development of TRND. Dr. Austin?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00164-00087686-00088219": "Chris Austin: Thank you, Larry. As Dr. Guttmacher said, getting a promising chemical through", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00165-00088219-00088729": "the preclinical stages of drug development is fraught with failure. Most molecules simply", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00166-00088729-00089317": "don't make it. TRND is being designed from the ground up specifically to overcome this", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00167-00089317-00089881": "problem. We will start with compounds discovered by either the NCGC or by NIH-supported investigators", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00168-00089881-00090442": "or by patient advocacy groups funding their own research, or even by industry when there", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00169-00090442-00091056": "are compounds that they don't want to pursue because of the risk-reward ratio not being", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00170-00091056-00091542": "favorable enough. TRND will get them to the point where they can be tested on people.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00171-00091542-00092204": "TRND will do this in several ways. First, it will build on what we and others have learned", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00172-00092204-00092779": "through the identification of promising compounds discovered so far. Second, TRND will combine", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00173-00092779-00093483": "the experience and lessons learned from individual projects done under the TRND initiative to", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00174-00093483-00094039": "develop insights into related disorders using a systems approach to biological disease problems.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00175-00094039-00094775": "Third, it will focus on the science of preclinical drug development, producing new and innovative", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00176-00094775-00095299": "technologies and paradigms to improve success rates in this difficult stage of drug development.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00177-00095299-00095695": "In most cases, the starting point for TRND will be a compound that research has shown", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00178-00095695-00096360": "to be effective and in vitro or in vivo model of a rare or neglected disease. The endpoint", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00179-00096360-00097010": "deliverable will most often be a clinical candidate compound with a data package that", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00180-00097010-00097744": "is sufficient for sending an investigation on new drug or IND application to the FDA.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00181-00097744-00098280": "As noted earlier, it's expected that in most cases TRND's IND candidates will be licensed", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00182-00098280-00098716": "to biotechnology or to pharmaceutical companies for clinical development.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00183-00098716-00099083": "Handing off the clinical development to private companies will allow TRND to focus on the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00184-00099083-00099731": "most scientifically challenging stages of drug development where there's the most need.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00185-00099731-00100251": "We will be \"de-risking\" these projects sufficiently to make them adoptable by organizations outside", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00186-00100251-00100357": "of NIH.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00187-00100357-00100898": "So in short, trans-scientific activities will include: first, iterative chemical modification", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00188-00100898-00101449": "of promising starting compounds to make them usable in the human body; second, optimizing", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00189-00101449-00101930": "the compounds for safety and efficacy in cells and then in animals and testing the compounds", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00190-00101930-00102538": "in pharmacological and toxicological models required by the FDA for testing in humans;", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00191-00102538-00103182": "third, development of novel technologies and paradigms to improve success rates in preclinical", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00192-00103182-00103735": "drug development; and fourth, receiving feedback from clinical development programs for the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00193-00103735-00104250": "clinical candidates that are derived from TRND, produced by TRND, to inform and continuously", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00194-00104250-00104538": "improve TRND's process for future projects.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00195-00104538-00105172": "Finally, one of the things that I'm most excited about is that we will publish not only our", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00196-00105172-00105866": "processes and our successes, but also our failures. Currently, journals only publish", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00197-00105866-00106376": "successes, science that works, and in drug development there is particularly usually", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00198-00106376-00106941": "a cloak of secrecy about what a company does in the preclinical space because it doesn't", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00199-00106941-00107607": "want to lose any competitive edge. This lack of sharing of information of what works and", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00200-00107607-00108136": "what doesn't work, this kind of stagnation that we've seen in the efficiency of drug", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00201-00108136-00108531": "development over the last decade, just as the molecular libraries program through the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00202-00108531-00109029": "Roadmap created a pre-competitive space for early drug discovery, TRND will create for", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00203-00109029-00109510": "the first time a pre-competitive space for the science of preclinical drug development.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00204-00109510-00109873": "We're going to tell everyone what we're doing so that we can all learn from the things that", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00205-00109873-00110304": "don't work as well as the things that do. That alone may be revolutionary. Larry?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00206-00110304-00110886": "Larry Thompson: Thank you very much, Dr. Austin. So we have about seven or eight minutes before", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00207-00110886-00111322": "Dr. Kington has to leave so what I would do is I'd like to open this up for questions", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00208-00111322-00111889": "and if reporters could queue up and ask your initial questions for Dr. Kington. So think", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00209-00111889-00112452": "about what you want to hear from the Acting Director of NIH and we will then let him go", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00210-00112452-00112908": "and the rest of the guys who are here can provide lots of technical information for", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00211-00112908-00113406": "anything that you might like to know. So could we go with Jennifer Corbett, please, from", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00212-00113406-00113826": "Dow Jones and I guess I would ask everybody in the room since you can't see our faces", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00213-00113826-00114289": "to identify yourself when you're speaking and if reporters can also do the same thing.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00214-00114289-00114570": "Although I'll try to tick a little bit as we go. So, Jennifer?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00215-00114570-00114726": "Jennifer Corbett: Hi, I'm Jennifer Corbett with Dow Jones. The question I have and this", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00216-00114726-00115508": "is really for anyone, I guess I have a broader question that you mentioned that this sort", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00217-00115508-00116007": "of whole project is the first time that NIH will be getting involved directly in developing", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00218-00116007-00116494": "medicines. Is that true for rare and neglected diseases or is that also broader that you", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00219-00116494-00117335": "really haven't gone in that area for any type of disease, whether it's cancer or…?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00220-00117335-00117818": "Raynard Kington: This is Raynard Kington. I think that there have been smaller programs", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00221-00117818-00118517": "focused on very specific clinical challenges that have sort of ventured into this territory.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00222-00118517-00119081": "The RAID program was modeled on a small program that was at the National Cancer Institute.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00223-00119081-00119642": "So there have been bits and pieces of the process where we ventured in. I don't think", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00224-00119642-00120260": "we've ever done anything on this scale in terms of really trying to fill the entire", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00225-00120260-00120826": "continuum of this space that we've identified in this project and I'd welcome comments from", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00226-00120826-00120926": "others as well.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00227-00120926-00121426": "Jennifer Corbett: Okay and one other question I had is for the IND, if it gets to the IND", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00228-00121426-00121928": "process do you imagine that would be NIH filing for the IND or would you try to turn it over", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00229-00121928-00122106": "to a company at that point?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00230-00122106-00122621": "Chris Austin: Yes. This is Chris Austin. We're imagining that the endpoints are going to", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00231-00122621-00123582": "be flexible dependent on the nature of the disease, the exact prevalence of the disease", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00232-00123582-00124174": "and the kind of target, and the kind of organization that we're passing this off to. We're imagining", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00233-00124174-00125255": "that in some cases NIH will have to do the work required to acquire, to get the IND.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00234-00125255-00125702": "In other cases, we can imagine that there will be other organizations who would be willing", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00235-00125702-00126262": "to pick up the projects with so-called IND-enabling data packages and they would actually do the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00236-00126262-00127330": "IND application themselves. We really intend to be pretty flexible and again opportunistic", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00237-00127330-00127480": "in where that hand-off occurs.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00238-00127480-00128204": "I'll just say one other thing about the previous question. What Dr. Kington said is absolutely", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00239-00128204-00128820": "right. There are programs particularly for more common diseases in cancer through the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00240-00128820-00129479": "Cancer Institute, and some of the infectious diseases through NID, through the Infectious", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00241-00129479-00130661": "Diseases Institute, and the Neurological Institute, INDS, has a focused program in this area.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00242-00130661-00131349": "The difference here is that it's focused specifically on rare diseases and neglected diseases taking", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00243-00131349-00132262": "a systems engineering approach to the problem as well as working on not only the individual", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00244-00132262-00132715": "diseases of which there are thousands but also the overall science in this area.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00245-00132715-00133122": "Larry Thompson: Okay. Can we move on to Maggie Fox? Thank you, Dr. Austin.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00246-00133122-00133679": "Maggie Fox: Hi! Thanks very much. Can you give us some for instances? I'd also like", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00247-00133679-00134076": "to explore this \"Valley of Death\" idea a bit more. Thanks.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00248-00134076-00134560": "Larry Thompson: What do you mean, Maggie, what do you mean some for instances - For", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00249-00134560-00134662": "instances about what?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00250-00134662-00134963": "Maggie Fox: Some diseases that are going to be part of this program.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00251-00134963-00135469": "Alan Guttmacher: This is Alan Guttmacher. I'll take that one. We can't give you for", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00252-00135469-00136019": "instances now. We can give you hypotheticals but we don't know yet exactly which diseases", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00253-00136019-00136534": "this program will take on, particularly which ones will be taken on early. It's early in", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00254-00136534-00137037": "the development of the program. We are going to be working with many, both experts from", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00255-00137037-00137741": "across the NIH but also external experts as well to develop criteria by which diseases", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00256-00137741-00138428": "and molecules for that matter will be accepted into TRND. Our goal is to provide medicines", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00257-00138428-00138895": "for people, and that is our overarching goal and one we will always be aware of, so we", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00258-00138895-00139318": "are going to be very opportunistic. You've heard that word before this morning. We are", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00259-00139318-00139758": "going to look for scientific opportunities as they arise and we have not yet developed", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00260-00139758-00140454": "exactly the criteria by which specific diseases and again potential molecules will be adjudged", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00261-00140454-00140554": "for that.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00262-00140554-00141086": "Maggie Fox: Okay. While Dr. Guttmacher's talking, I think it was you who mentioned this \"Valley", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00263-00141086-00141603": "of Death\" idea. Can you go a bit more into that, why it's so hard to develop these drugs", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00264-00141603-00141841": "early on and what the costs and risks are, please?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00265-00141841-00142254": "Alan Guttmacher: Yes, I can do that. Then I might ask Chris Austin who knows more detail", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00266-00142254-00142589": "about this than I do to answer as well.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00267-00142589-00142998": "Larry Thompson: Can I interrupt you one second? I recognize as Dr. Kington has to leave in", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00268-00142998-00143492": "a minute, we can answer that question, Maggie, but let's see if there's anything else, if", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00269-00143492-00143767": "anybody has a burning question for Dr. Kington before he has to leave.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00270-00143767-00143867": "Raynard Kington: On this topic.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00271-00143867-00144293": "Larry Thompson: On this topic. [Laughter] Oh, there you go, setting limits again. I", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00272-00144293-00145329": "know how you would indicate that actually. Natasha, the operator, so I guess Dr. Kington,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00273-00145329-00145806": "we thank you very much for your time and thanks for coming and being here for this. So, Chris,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00274-00145806-00145983": "do you want to answer Maggie's question about the \"Valley of Death\"?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00275-00145983-00146847": "Chris Austin: Yes, sure. The analogy that I like to use is that the \"Valley of Death\"", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00276-00146847-00147796": "is like trying to do a Rubik's Cube and really, the process is this, that as one goes through", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00277-00147796-00148623": "the drug development process, a chemical has to have an increasingly long list of characteristics", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00278-00148623-00149216": "which are initially things that are required in the lab and then eventually required by", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00279-00149216-00150138": "FDA for human testing. That list of characteristics is about twenty long. At the place where NIH", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00280-00150138-00150716": "stops with the molecular libraries program there are three or four of those characteristics.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00281-00150716-00151401": "To get the other sixteen characteristics is really where the \"Valley of Death\" is. You", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00282-00151401-00151990": "can think about this, as I said, as a Rubik's Cube kind of exercise where as you know if", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00283-00151990-00152664": "you have four of the blocks of a Rubik's Cube, if you try to add the fifth usually you lose", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00284-00152664-00153146": "the first four, and then you get the next five and when you try to add the sixth, the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00285-00153146-00153246": "first five go off.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00286-00153246-00153828": "Most people have never succeeded in completing the Rubik's Cube and there are people who", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00287-00153828-00154318": "work in biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries for their entire careers never getting to", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00288-00154318-00155018": "a project that actually gets to clinical utility. There are a lot of reasons for this but some", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00289-00155018-00155838": "of it has to do with the incredible complexity of the human organism and the additional complexity", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00290-00155838-00156344": "that is layered on top of that when the human organism is afflicted with a disease which", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00291-00156344-00156907": "can change the physiology that we think we understand. The other issue is that we don't", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00292-00156907-00157597": "really understand the rules by which those various characteristics are added on to the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00293-00157597-00157780": "compound.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00294-00157780-00158543": "So it's in that whole process, the science of the \"Valley of Death\" if you will, is relatively", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00295-00158543-00159051": "poorly understood, in fact quite poorly understood, and it's something that for a variety of reasons", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00296-00159051-00159680": "is very hard to study in the private sector given the short-term commercial imperative", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00297-00159680-00160440": "that we all understand exists in that setting. So our hope is not only to work on diseases", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00298-00160440-00160888": "which are neglected, and those diseases might be rare or they might be tropical diseases,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00299-00160888-00161437": "etcetera, that we're terming neglected in this case, but also to lift all boats by – if", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00300-00161437-00162600": "I can switch my analogy – by beginning to understand what the rules are, what the scientific", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00301-00162600-00163196": "issues are that make the \"Valley of Death\" such a difficult area now. We firmly believe", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00302-00163196-00163636": "that there are rules which govern the science in that space; we just don't understand them", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00303-00163636-00163811": "and that's why it's so difficult", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00304-00163811-00164168": "Alan Guttmacher: This is Alan Guttmacher. One of the other things that we're looking", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00305-00164168-00164707": "forward to being able to do, as Chris has referred to before, is to share information", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00306-00164707-00165253": "gleaned about this with others. Because our imperatives are different than those working", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00307-00165253-00165719": "the private sector, we come, particularly the National Human Genome Research Institute", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00308-00165719-00166245": "but the NIH as well, come from an imperative to share information, to share data with a", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00309-00166245-00166712": "cardinal feature of the human genome project and it's fairly something that we bring to", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00310-00166712-00167212": "our other work that as we look at steps in this process, if we notice ways to tweak them", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00311-00167212-00167655": "to make them better or to skip them even, that is information rather than trying to", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00312-00167655-00168146": "keep that to ourselves we are going to try to shout that from the rooftops, scientifically", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00313-00168146-00168585": "publish it in journals and other kinds of things because we really are devoted to not", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00314-00168585-00169094": "just developing these drugs but seeing what we can add to optimizing the process.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00315-00169094-00169479": "Maggie Fox: Thank you.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00316-00169479-00169980": "Larry Thompson: Thank you very much, Alan. So we go to Jocelyn Kaiser at Science Magazine,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00317-00169980-00170080": "please.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00318-00170080-00170458": "Jocelyn Kaiser: Hi, Larry. I've got a bunch of questions, I might have to ask some after", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00319-00170458-00170880": "this is over, but one of them is – So the Chemical Genomic Center, is this – I've", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00320-00170880-00171449": "been there, it's an intramural center that also does projects for extramural scientists,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00321-00171449-00171951": "and that's different from how the RAID program works, right? I think that's grants to go", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00322-00171951-00172354": "out to the extramural communities. So, is this is going to be a physical center somewhere", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00323-00172354-00172949": "in Rockville with a whole bunch of medicinal chemists? Is it going to be sort of a service", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00324-00172949-00173517": "center? Is that how it's going to work?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00325-00173517-00173749": "Alan Guttmacher: This is Alan Guttmacher. That is the way it's going to work. Of the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00326-00173749-00174317": "two - Adjacent of the two kinds of visions you've created there it will be much more", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00327-00174317-00175040": "like the NCGC vision. It will be a physical entity, it will have staff, a fair number", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00328-00175040-00175520": "of scientists will be working on this in radar basis, and it will, as has been the case of", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00329-00175520-00176134": "the NCGC, work primarily with the extramural community in terms of providing access to", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00330-00176134-00176485": "this kind of expertise and one-stop shopping.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00331-00176485-00177120": "There may be parts of this process that unlike NCGC will be farmed out. In other words, some", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00332-00177120-00177685": "of the steps in this process, it may make more sense to contract those things out and", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00333-00177685-00178292": "that will be done. Each step will be analyzed in sort of simplistic to think about but the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00334-00178292-00178827": "areas that are really about developing new knowledge will tend to be things that TRND", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00335-00178827-00179454": "would do in-house but other things which are more of a question of simply perhaps some", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00336-00179454-00179898": "of the talks and other kinds of things might be things that will be contracted out if it's", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00337-00179898-00180335": "not so much a question of intellectual contribution but simply providing a service.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00338-00180335-00180990": "Jocelyn Kaiser: Okay. That was also part of my question. I wonder a lot of the work of", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00339-00180990-00181430": "drug development, it seems like its kind of brute force, a lot of trial and error chemistry", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00340-00181430-00181910": "and I just wonder if there's going to be concern from some members of the community. How many", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00341-00181910-00182334": "RO1s could you be funding with this $24 million? Can't companies do this better than - You're", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00342-00182334-00182659": "going to start from scratch doing something that companies already are very experienced", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00343-00182659-00182759": "at doing.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00344-00182759-00183469": "Chris Austin: Well, I think there's two ways to answer that question. One is that, as you", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00345-00183469-00184147": "know, companies are experienced doing it and I came from one of those companies before", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00346-00184147-00185020": "I came to NIH, but I don't think you'd get any disagreement from anyone in the community", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00347-00185020-00185683": "– public sector, private sector, biotechnology, pharma – that the process doesn't work.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00348-00185683-00186338": "It has overall from beginning to end a 99% failure rate and it is exactly as you say,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00349-00186338-00187326": "a brute force exercise which is horribly inefficient and expensive.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00350-00187326-00188530": "So what TRND will do is to, as the molecular libraries program did and the NCGC did, absolutely", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00351-00188530-00189098": "learn everything we can from our colleagues in pharma and biotech and in fact recruit", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00352-00189098-00190023": "those best individuals from those environments to come and work at TRND, much as NCGC did,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00353-00190023-00191013": "to work on what are the causes for failure, what are the ways that we can improve the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00354-00191013-00191246": "process by which this is done. That's the first answer.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00355-00191246-00192192": "The second answer is that because of the risk profile and the lack of return on investment,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00356-00192192-00192939": "these projects are never worked on in the private sector, essentially never. We didn't", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00357-00192939-00194014": "say this at the beginning but actually where this program was initially envisioned here", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00358-00194014-00194810": "because of a groundswell of requests that we got from extramural investigators we were", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00359-00194810-00195548": "working with - disease foundations, patients, families - who came to us with the kinds of", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00360-00195548-00196339": "stories that Congress hears of the return on investment being low for these disorders", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00361-00196339-00196892": "and so the return on investment model simply not working for disorders that would affect", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00362-00196892-00197738": "a few hundred or a thousand people. So it's both a science issue and developing the science", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00363-00197738-00198534": "issue to improve success rates and working in an area which simply is not served by the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00364-00198534-00198707": "typical bio-pharma model.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00365-00198707-00199198": "Larry Thompson: Did you want to add anything, Steve?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00366-00199198-00199590": "Stephen Groft: This is Steve Groft and I do want to add that as many of you know that", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00367-00199590-00200094": "there's been a tremendous contraction of the pharmaceutical industry in the last several", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00368-00200094-00200728": "years and this has resulted in a shortage of potential partners to really develop products", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00369-00200728-00201298": "for the rare and neglected diseases. What we've been hearing from many of the smaller", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00370-00201298-00201874": "companies is that they just do not have the resources and sometimes even the skills to", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00371-00201874-00202563": "move the potential products up to the IND stage. I think that's the basis of what we're", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00372-00202563-00203180": "attempting to do here is to identify those compounds that many people would potentially", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00373-00203180-00203822": "pick up and then sponsor, move to the new drug application stage. So that we do have", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00374-00203822-00204589": "products available and in such a way that there's some degree of assurance that the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00375-00204589-00205298": "product is going to be relatively safe and effective for the indications that they would", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00376-00205298-00205917": "be studied later on in the clinical trials. So it's a major step that is missing and we've", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00377-00205917-00206514": "heard from a number of companies who would be willing to pick up a compound if it looked", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00378-00206514-00206812": "like they were again relatively safe and effective.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00379-00206812-00206986": "Larry Thompson: Okay, Jocelyn?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00380-00206986-00207116": "Jocelyn Kaiser: Sure.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00381-00207116-00207435": "Larry Thompson: You know how to reach us if you have more questions.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00382-00207435-00207987": "Chris Austin: Can we just say one other thing about this because it's a common confusion", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00383-00207987-00208708": "that happens even with the molecular libraries. The way that the organization works and will", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00384-00208708-00209323": "work is that the vast majority of the people that we work with and will work with here", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00385-00209323-00210375": "are in fact RO1-funded investigators at universities and medical schools. So there are - Each of", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00386-00210375-00211029": "these projects is a collaboration with someone who is able to do something that their lab", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00387-00211029-00212248": "could never do by itself. So it's a very intimately collaborative model with those very people", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00388-00212248-00212361": "that you're referring to.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00389-00212361-00212592": "Jocelyn Kaiser: Could I ask one more question?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00390-00212592-00212692": "Larry Thompson: Sure.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00391-00212692-00213104": "Jocelyn Kaiser: I'm just wondering, so $24 million a year for five years, and if it's", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00392-00213104-00213808": "$10 million per compound, that's I guess about two compounds a year. Do you expect the $24", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00393-00213808-00214148": "million to grow? And also, which institutes are funding this?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00394-00214148-00214919": "Stephen Groft: Well, we have no idea whether it will grow or not, certainly I think dependent", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00395-00214919-00215786": "upon how Congress views the program and how we measure success. The institutes here at", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00396-00215786-00216741": "the NIH have been given very appropriate increases in our budget and so funds will be taken from", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00397-00216741-00217046": "the individual institutes to support the $24 million per year.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00398-00217046-00217846": "Larry Thompson: And we need you to stop doing long division in your head. Just kidding.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00399-00217846-00218309": "Okay, Jocelyn, we'll move on to John Reichard. John, can you tell us who you're with?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00400-00218309-00218935": "John Reichard: Sure. It's John Reichard. I had a question along the line – with Congressional", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00401-00218935-00219400": "Quarterly - along the lines of the one that was just asked. So in terms of the funding,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00402-00219400-00219819": "is that $24 million a year or $24 million total over five years? That was one question.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00403-00219819-00220276": "Stephen Groft: Per year, each year for approximately five years.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00404-00220276-00220884": "John Reichard: Okay. So that explains why you're optimistic with 2013 because that money", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00405-00220884-00220998": "is already locked in?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00406-00220998-00221779": "Alan Guttmacher: This is Alan Guttmacher. It's a yearly appropriation so we know it's", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00407-00221779-00222431": "in FY 2009 budget obviously. As you well know, the Congress passes a budget each year and", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00408-00222431-00222898": "we will see with the years to come. We've been I think in conversations with Congress", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00409-00222898-00223335": "we understand that they have a good understanding that this is not something which within a", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00410-00223335-00223834": "month will produce a drug kind of thing. So there seems to be a general sense of: \"Let's", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00411-00223834-00224506": "fund this and see how it does,\" and based upon how it performs, future funding decisions", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00412-00224506-00224606": "will be made.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00413-00224606-00225276": "John Reichard: But is the funding just guaranteed for Year One of the five years with the understanding", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00414-00225276-00225864": "that they'll try to do it for Years Two and Five or is it more firm than that?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00415-00225864-00226261": "Alan Guttmacher: The funding for everything the NIH does is guaranteed for one year at", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00416-00226261-00226361": "a time.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00417-00226361-00226461": "John Reichard: Okay.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00418-00226461-00226792": "Stephen Groft: I think what we're looking at, though, we're developing an infrastructure", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00419-00226792-00227334": "here that will sustain a program over a number of years and I don't think we would have been", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00420-00227334-00227885": "asked to develop that costly infrastructure if there wasn't some intent to continue the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00421-00227885-00228044": "program over a series of years.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00422-00228044-00228410": "Alan Guttmacher: We would also, while we're talking about financing, we would also welcome", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00423-00228410-00229101": "opportunities to partner with potentially others in terms of this work to expand the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00424-00229101-00229653": "use of these dollars and even to potentially bring other dollars into the process, be they", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00425-00229653-00230186": "from foundations or philanthropic individuals or others who are interested in this same", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00426-00230186-00230286": "idea.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00427-00230286-00230750": "Stephen Groft: In fact - and just to extend Alan's comments a little bit - there has been", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00428-00230750-00231244": "a little bit of a shift with many of the patient advocacy groups really becoming the leaders", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00429-00231244-00231978": "of product development for their specific diseases. In doing this they, too, realize", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00430-00231978-00232411": "that there are certain areas that they will need help in developing other products and", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00431-00232411-00233004": "this isn't one of the major stages that they have a difficult time overcoming. So I think", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00432-00233004-00233576": "this will also be responsive to what we're starting to see within the whole patient advocacy", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00433-00233576-00233778": "community related to the rare and neglected diseases.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00434-00233778-00233930": "John Reichard: Thank you.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00435-00233930-00234121": "Larry Thompson: Anything else, John?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00436-00234121-00234235": "John Reichard: No.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00437-00234235-00234582": "Larry Thompson: Great. So, Bridget, would you introduce yourself, please?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00438-00234582-00234871": "Bridget Kuehn: I'm a reporter with the news section of JAMA's Medical News.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00439-00234871-00235205": "Larry Thompson: How do you pronounce your last name, Bridgette Kun?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00440-00235205-00235331": "Bridget Kuehn: \"Keen\".", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00441-00235331-00235624": "Larry Thompson: \"Keen\". Excuse me. Thank you.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00442-00235624-00236117": "Bridget Kuehn: My question was if you're going to take out the hard part of drug development", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00443-00236117-00236748": "and then perhaps license these potential molecules, is there any opportunity for the program to", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00444-00236748-00237396": "profit off the licensing or to gain funding I guess from the licensing?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00445-00237396-00238054": "Alan Guttmacher: This is Alan Guttmacher. I'll be happy to take that one. Yes, I think", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00446-00238054-00238377": "the changing word is correct. That's right, we wouldn't be profiting from it but there", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00447-00238377-00239164": "is the potential that there might be eventually monies would come in from the actual drugs", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00448-00239164-00239652": "produced that could continue to help fund part of this, but that's not our goal. We", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00449-00239652-00240204": "have both the responsibility and the luxury of focusing on scientific and public health", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00450-00240204-00240936": "opportunity rather than the financial opportunity here. So if that does happen, that would be", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00451-00240936-00241702": "sort of a nice ancillary benefit to the program but the program will not be making decisions", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00452-00241702-00242285": "about what to do based upon the return financially of the program. We will be basing what we", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00453-00242285-00242848": "decide to do on the scientific opportunity and the return to patients in terms of new", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00454-00242848-00242948": "drugs for them.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00455-00242948-00243534": "Larry Thompson: Anything else? Any follow-up, Bridget?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00456-00243534-00243634": "Bridget Kuehn: No, thank you.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00457-00243634-00243832": "Larry Thompson: Okay. Could we go to Emily Walker, please?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00458-00243832-00244167": "Emily Walker: Hi! Thanks for taking my question. I'm sorry I came in a little bit late but", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00459-00244167-00244721": "could you just say again when this center is expected to be built? I think you said", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00460-00244721-00245294": "2013 but I just wanted to double check. Also, kind of a basic science question here, but", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00461-00245294-00245796": "when you guys were talking about the Rubik's Cube analogy, when you said that usually these", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00462-00245796-00246400": "molecules have characteristics that stops at three or four and when you add a new one", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00463-00246400-00246538": "the other ones can disappear. When you mean characteristics, does that just mean when", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00464-00246538-00246847": "you try to add something new into the molecule another way that it's going to interact in", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00465-00246847-00247147": "the body, could you explain what characteristic means a little more?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00466-00247147-00248144": "Chris Austin: To your first question, we're hoping to via some existing mechanisms begin", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00467-00248144-00248590": "some pilot programs actually at this fiscal year. Obviously, we're not going to have bricks", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00468-00248590-00248998": "and mortar in this fiscal year. We think that will probably take another year or maybe a", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00469-00248998-00249703": "little more, but the 2013 number I think that you heard was five years from now where we're", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00470-00249703-00250440": "thinking that the current funding assumption  – let me put it that way - ends. So we", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00471-00250440-00250823": "will certainly be fully up and running long before then.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00472-00250823-00251467": "The basic science question, yes, it's exactly as you imagine it. To get into the scientific", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00473-00251467-00252267": "weeds here for a second, a typical problem is you have a compound which has good potency,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00474-00252267-00252676": "that is it acts at a very low concentration against the target you're interested in, and", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00475-00252676-00253542": "now you need to add a characteristic that will make it have a relatively long life in", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00476-00253542-00254021": "the blood. It won't get broken down rapidly in the blood, and those are two completely", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00477-00254021-00254496": "different characteristics, and when you make variations you alter the molecule to make", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00478-00254496-00255103": "it stable in the blood, you will frequently lose the potency that you started out with.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00479-00255103-00255955": "That story and if you have a potency and solubility of the compound, that is that it will dissolve", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00480-00255955-00256517": "in the blood for instance, if you have those two characteristics and you try to add now", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00481-00256517-00257056": "stability, those first two will go off and etcetera. That process continues itself.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00482-00257056-00257200": "Emily Walker: Thanks.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00483-00257200-00258033": "Larry Thompson: Okay. Can we go on to the next question from Matt Jones from Genome", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00484-00258033-00258133": "Web?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00485-00258133-00258623": "Matt Jones: Yes, thanks for taking my question. I appreciate it. I'd like to ask about what", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00486-00258623-00259182": "specific genomics research resources and technologies do you expect to use in the program and then", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00487-00259182-00259469": "if there's going to be a pharmacogenomic component?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00488-00259469-00260900": "Chris Austin: What a great question. The Genome Institute has always been focused on, among", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00489-00260900-00261727": "other things, two things. One is technologies, pushing technologies and automation, and openness", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00490-00261727-00262354": "of what the institute does and sharing. So this initiative will be in that tradition", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00491-00262354-00263052": "of pushing technologies, developing technologies, developing paradigms and opening, putting", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00492-00263052-00263797": "sunshine on an area of science that might not have been shared broadly before.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00493-00263797-00264446": "The other thing that the Genome Institute has always focused on is genetic disease - identifying", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00494-00264446-00265165": "genes for those diseases and then trying to translate those genetic discoveries into either", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00495-00265165-00266055": "diagnostics or treatments – so this is a very directed affirmative effort to do that", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00496-00266055-00266621": "in the therapeutic realm. As you probably know that through the Genome Project about", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00497-00266621-00267289": "2,000 rare diseases now have their genetic bases understood and there are several new", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00498-00267289-00268045": "ones that are discovered every week, so the opportunity to take advantage of those discoveries", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00499-00268045-00268541": "and translate them into therapeutics are large.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00500-00268541-00269427": "Our current plans are really, about the pharmacogenomic realm, we don't currently have plans to focus", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00501-00269427-00270472": "on pharmacogenomics per se. That tends to involve the differential response of individuals", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00502-00270472-00271263": "to therapies and those responses are frequently genetic although not always in basis. Those", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00503-00271263-00271698": "frequently have to do with complex diseases which have multiple different causes like", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00504-00271698-00272502": "hypertension etcetera. These diseases tend to be much more homogeneous. So these are", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00505-00272502-00273131": "much more uniform populations. So we don't plan on – You might view the entire initiative", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00506-00273131-00273600": "as a pharmacogenomic initiative if you will, but not in its conventional sense.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00507-00273600-00273809": "Matt Jones: Can I ask a follow-up?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00508-00273809-00273909": "Larry Thompson: Sure.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00509-00273909-00274522": "Matt Jones: Do you have any international collaborators yet, or do you expect that at", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00510-00274522-00274656": "some point in the future?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00511-00274656-00275351": "Chris Austin: We absolutely expect it. We're just in the course of thinking about the project,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00512-00275351-00276005": "the first pilot projects which we're going to start with, but because the neglected and", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00513-00276005-00276777": "rare neglected diseases, most of those disorders are tropical disorders such as leishmaniasis,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00514-00276777-00277469": "trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis, which exist primarily in the developing world. The collaborators", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00515-00277469-00278210": "for more of the clinical end of those initiatives are almost always international. Molecular", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00516-00278210-00278930": "libraries in the NCGC in general have collaborations with people all over the world already, so", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00517-00278930-00279055": "that this will continue.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00518-00279055-00279679": "Stephen Groft: I would mention, too, that I think we're using our tremendous upswing", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00519-00279679-00280298": "in global activities related to rare diseases research and orphan product development, and", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00520-00280298-00280961": "this is an area that we haven't talked too much but certainly, to a few members of the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00521-00280961-00281389": "international research community we've mentioned that there is something that's coming and", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00522-00281389-00281838": "there is a great deal of interest in hearing what it is that we're proposing. Then they", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00523-00281838-00282459": "certainly have offered to be willing partners in how we move forward. So I think we do anticipate", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00524-00282459-00282721": "quite a bit of voluble interaction and research.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00525-00282721-00283380": "Chris Austin: Let me just add that, this is Chris again, speaking of the brute force issue,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00526-00283380-00283871": "if you look at the scale of the problem, there are 6,800 rare diseases and if you add the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00527-00283871-00284439": "neglected diseases on there's probably over 7,000 diseases. This problem is never going", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00528-00284439-00285016": "to be solved via brute force approach. We simply can't afford, the patients can't afford", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00529-00285016-00285674": "to wait ten years, fifteen years for every single disease to be tackled one at a time.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00530-00285674-00286265": "We have to get better at understanding the causes of failure and improving the success", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00531-00286265-00286713": "rates and sharing data early, and sharing data with our colleagues both nationally and", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00532-00286713-00287192": "internationally to make this work better for the patients who so desperately need these", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00533-00287192-00287292": "treatments.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00534-00287292-00288038": "Larry Thompson: Cool. So Jocelyn is back in the queue to ask a question. We'll go to Jocelyn", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00535-00288038-00288489": "but we have about ten minutes, eight or nine, ten minutes left and so if you have any other", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00536-00288489-00289025": "burning questions after Jocelyn, please get in the queue. If not, we'll wrap it up shortly.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00537-00289025-00289125": "Jocelyn?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00538-00289125-00289702": "Jocelyn Kaiser: Yeah so about neglected diseases, you said a lot of those are developing world", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00539-00289702-00290128": "diseases and infectious diseases, and I'm just wondering because there's a huge amount", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00540-00290128-00290701": "of money going to that already from the Gates Foundation, what this is adding. Will you", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00541-00290701-00291103": "be looking at diseases that are not on their list or the idea that they're funding a lot", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00542-00291103-00291490": "of basic research but not the \"Valley of Death\" stuff? How will it match with what the Gates", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00543-00291490-00291590": "are already funding?", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00544-00291590-00292109": "Alan Guttmacher: This is Alan Guttmacher. Yes, it will complement that. We are not interested", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00545-00292109-00292534": "in putting resources and effort into areas where there they are already receiving lots", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00546-00292534-00293388": "of resources and effort in general. So that Gates certainly has made impressive investments", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00547-00293388-00293994": "in working with specific diseases of the developing world, in general we probably won't involve", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00548-00293994-00294519": "ourselves with those, but the many other diseases for which Gates and others have not invested", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00549-00294519-00294652": "so heavily will be where we'd look for our opportunities.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00550-00294652-00295405": "Chris Austin: Jocelyn, you probably saw there was a really nice article on PLoS medicine", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00551-00295405-00296250": "about two months ago that really laid out this problem in quite a striking way, looking", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00552-00296250-00296996": "at the financial resources devoted to neglected diseases worldwide and the vast, vast majority,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00553-00296996-00297911": "well over 95% of the financial resources went to three disorders: malaria, TB and HIV/AIDS.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00554-00297911-00298855": "So one can really think about those as neither rare nor neglected any longer and because", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00555-00298855-00299610": "they're not neglected they are ones that, all other things being equal, we would shy", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00556-00299610-00300275": "away from because the need is so great in the many other tropical diseases which do", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00557-00300275-00300810": "not have those kinds of resources being applied to them. But that paper lays that out really", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00558-00300810-00301154": "quite well. It actually has studies funded by the Gates Foundation.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00559-00301154-00301274": "Jocelyn Kaiser: Okay.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00560-00301274-00301888": "Larry Thompson: I want to ask a question. Chris, could you give the reporters the example", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00561-00301888-00302378": "of the schistosomiasis discovery that was made a year or so, about a year ago, a year", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00562-00302378-00302808": "and a half ago whatever it was? This is a really nice model for how some of this stuff", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00563-00302808-00303482": "may work from sort of exploiting a discovery made by a researcher in academia and then", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00564-00303482-00303969": "working in partnership with NIH to bring forward a product that may prove to be therapeutic.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00565-00303969-00304565": "Chris Austin: Yes, sure. So this is a project that was started under the aegis of the Molecular", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00566-00304565-00305076": "Laboratories Roadmap Program. It's a collaboration with Dr. David Williams who at the time when", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00567-00305076-00305594": "we started working with him was with Illinois State. He's now at the Rush Medical University", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00568-00305594-00306160": "in Chicago. Dr. Williams studies schisto somiasis which is a very prevalent parasitic disease", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00569-00306160-00306956": "in the developing world. About 280 million people have this parasitic infection. He came", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00570-00306956-00307605": "to us with a basic discovery that was very interesting of an enzyme that he thought,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00571-00307605-00308427": "if inhibited, would kill the parasite, and it was a theory that he had no way to test.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00572-00308427-00308817": "So working with him over the course of about a year and a half, we were able to develop", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00573-00308817-00309333": "an assay, do a high throughput screen, identify the target which these compounds were acting", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00574-00309333-00310048": "on, do some chemistry optimization, do testing in cells then worms and then in animals, and", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00575-00310048-00310561": "in a paper that was published in Nature Medicine last year, showed that inhibiting this enzyme", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00576-00310561-00311992": "is curative both of worms in dishes as well as in the worm infection in mice – the standard", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00577-00311992-00312318": "model of schistosomiasis in an animal model.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00578-00312318-00312944": "So this was a wonderful example of the kind of collaboration between an extramural investigator", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00579-00312944-00313529": "who knows an enormous amount about this disorder but doesn't have the knowledge or expertise", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00580-00313529-00314163": "or infrastructure to do the initially chemical probe and then drug discovery that we can", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00581-00314163-00314696": "do at our place, but we can't do what we do without him either. It's a three-legged race", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00582-00314696-00314876": "that really requires both of us.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00583-00314876-00315475": "Interestingly, when we got to this point there were no resources to carry this project forward.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00584-00315475-00316115": "So this is, we think, going to be one of the first projects that we put into the TRND queue", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00585-00316115-00316631": "to be able to move this forward to add that list, do that Rubik's Cube exercise we were", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00586-00316631-00317222": "talking about, to add the other characteristics that will be required for testing in humans.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00587-00317222-00318407": "To the point that we're making before, we investigated all the usual sources of developing", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00588-00318407-00318977": "world funding that you can imagine and they all said these compounds are too early. They're", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00589-00318977-00319424": "not developed enough. \"You need to develop them more and have these other characteristics", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00590-00319424-00320120": "and then we will be interested in it.\" That's a case study that repeats itself over and", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00591-00320120-00320580": "over and over and over again at our Center for Rare Diseases and Neglected Diseases.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00592-00320580-00320998": "Larry Thompson: That's great, Chris. Thank you very much. So we're just about at the", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00593-00320998-00321452": "top of the hour so I'd like to thank everyone for participating in today's briefing. The", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00594-00321452-00322011": "press releases and the background information about this will be up on nhgri.gov and genome.gov", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00595-00322011-00322692": "shortly and the Rare Diseases Office's website. We will post the audio of this discussion", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00596-00322692-00323056": "as quickly as we can this afternoon and we'll follow with the transcript as soon as we can", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00597-00323056-00323204": "get one made, probably in a few days.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00598-00323204-00323703": "If you have follow-up questions, of course please call Kelli Marciel at the NIH Office", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00599-00323703-00324168": "of Rare Diseases Research or Geoff Spencer at the National Human Genome Research Institute,", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00600-00324168-00324595": "and they will help you get hooked up with whoever the folks who are here today that", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00601-00324595-00325372": "you'd like to talk to or anybody else to answer your questions. Their contact information", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00602-00325372-00325806": "is at the top of the press release and you probably already have it in your rolodex anyway.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00603-00325806-00326254": "So with that I'd like to bring this briefing to a close and thank you all very much for", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00604-00326254-00326354": "participating.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00605-00326354-00326454": "Operator: This concludes today's teleconference. You may now disconnect your lines and have", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00606-00326454-00326554": "a wonderful day.", "gH6K9XXKd_g-00607-00326554-00326554": "END"}}, {"audio_id": "gH9gmirLQIY", "text": {"gH9gmirLQIY-00000-00000069-00000957": "[ Music ]", "gH9gmirLQIY-00001-00001217-00001454": ">> I teach French, and before", "gH9gmirLQIY-00002-00001454-00001591": "that I taught high school French.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00003-00001591-00001988": "So I have a certain passion for the discipline.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00004-00001988-00002452": "And I embarked upon teaching it online, first as an experiment.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00005-00002452-00002866": "And then it was a very successful course.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00006-00002866-00003206": "And I'm satisfied with the performance of my students.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00007-00003206-00003743": "So I've been revising the course all along", "gH9gmirLQIY-00008-00003743-00004234": "for the past eight years, for just like face to face teaching,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00009-00004234-00004644": "activities work for some groups, not for others.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00010-00004644-00005181": "But in broad strokes my students engage in cultural discussions.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00011-00005181-00005875": "They engage in text-generated, textbook-generated exercises", "gH9gmirLQIY-00012-00005875-00006199": "for pronunciation and for listening skills", "gH9gmirLQIY-00013-00006199-00006339": "and for reading skills.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00014-00006339-00006846": "What does an effective learning activity look like in my course?", "gH9gmirLQIY-00015-00006846-00007237": "It is really sort of a synergy between the,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00016-00007237-00007440": "what we're discussing.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00017-00007440-00007887": "So a particular unit could be on clothing.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00018-00007887-00008081": "It could be on cooking.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00019-00008081-00008545": "And so there's certain synergy between the discussion threads,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00020-00008545-00008938": "between the vocabulary that the students are using,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00021-00008938-00009352": "and as well as some of the grammatical things", "gH9gmirLQIY-00022-00009352-00009489": "that they're learning at the time.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00023-00009489-00009806": "So how to tell a story, how to describe what you're eating.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00024-00009806-00010263": "How to, how to order in a restaurant.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00025-00010263-00010924": "And so we try to make it as practical as possible.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00026-00010924-00011397": "Because I'm in an online course, my expectation is that all", "gH9gmirLQIY-00027-00011397-00011758": "of the learners will be adult learners, and they usually are.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00028-00011758-00012102": "And really they want to leave my course with a certain facility", "gH9gmirLQIY-00029-00012102-00012342": "in speaking French and communicating.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00030-00012342-00012862": "So the speaking and listening skills usually rise to the top", "gH9gmirLQIY-00031-00012862-00013069": "in terms of importance.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00032-00013069-00013576": "So teaching a foreign language, I'm able to focus on,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00033-00013576-00013980": "to focus on skills that students want to learn.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00034-00013980-00014340": "So as an example too, the writing skill,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00035-00014340-00014637": "not so important for students.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00036-00014637-00014904": "So traditionally, we, most", "gH9gmirLQIY-00037-00014904-00015218": "of us probably remember writing things all the time", "gH9gmirLQIY-00038-00015218-00015398": "in our foreign language class, and being graded", "gH9gmirLQIY-00039-00015398-00015625": "on our writing for the most part.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00040-00015625-00016079": "So in my course I try to, I allow my students to choose", "gH9gmirLQIY-00041-00016079-00016362": "between either writing their exercises", "gH9gmirLQIY-00042-00016362-00016566": "or speaking their exercises.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00043-00016566-00016930": "And I provide feedback to them either way.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00044-00016930-00017440": "In my opinion as an instructor, when someone has the feeling", "gH9gmirLQIY-00045-00017440-00017781": "that they can use what they're about to learn,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00046-00017781-00018441": "where there's relevance for them, I think we come closer", "gH9gmirLQIY-00047-00018441-00018898": "to effectiveness, and students engage at a much higher level", "gH9gmirLQIY-00048-00018898-00019339": "when we are able to connect what we're teaching them", "gH9gmirLQIY-00049-00019339-00019519": "to their own lives.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00050-00019519-00019949": "So developing a sense of trust and connection between students,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00051-00019949-00020610": "a community of learners, is a very conscious effort", "gH9gmirLQIY-00052-00020610-00020780": "in an online classroom.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00053-00020780-00020907": "In some classrooms it can be,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00054-00020907-00021164": "in our face to face classroom, it can be organic.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00055-00021164-00021341": "The students can be friends.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00056-00021341-00021598": "They can recognize each other.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00057-00021598-00021971": "And in an online classroom,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00058-00021971-00022449": "there needs to be discussion forums that are aimed directly", "gH9gmirLQIY-00059-00022449-00022672": "at bringing students together.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00060-00022672-00023089": "I like to bring them together with, at the beginning", "gH9gmirLQIY-00061-00023089-00023403": "of a class, and have them gather around,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00062-00023403-00023970": "what their initial thoughts are about my discipline, French.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00063-00023970-00024504": "So my initial discussions are usually ones,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00064-00024504-00024831": "one called meet your classmates", "gH9gmirLQIY-00065-00024831-00025168": "where it's a very simple self-introduction.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00066-00025168-00025315": "And I ask them to talk a little bit", "gH9gmirLQIY-00067-00025315-00025555": "about their hobbies and their interests.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00068-00025555-00025765": "And then I have another discussion", "gH9gmirLQIY-00069-00025765-00026085": "about what are your first impressions of the French?", "gH9gmirLQIY-00070-00026085-00026329": "And hold nothing back.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00071-00026329-00026950": "Because that usually gets them thinking about the French.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00072-00026950-00027544": "And you know, one important part of this stage", "gH9gmirLQIY-00073-00027544-00028114": "of the course is my participation in the discussion.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00074-00028114-00028585": "I assume a very neutral stance and a very,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00075-00028585-00029145": "so I try to be a gracious host and accommodate all my students", "gH9gmirLQIY-00076-00029145-00029522": "at the very beginning of the course.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00077-00029522-00029939": "I also, I usually check into my course two,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00078-00029939-00030280": "three times a day during the first two or three weeks", "gH9gmirLQIY-00079-00030280-00030723": "so that students know that I'll be attentive to their concerns.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00080-00030723-00031111": "And that usually helps establish some trust.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00081-00031111-00031267": "The technologies that I use", "gH9gmirLQIY-00082-00031267-00031561": "in my foreign language classroom are,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00083-00031561-00031798": "I have tried a lot of different ones.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00084-00031798-00032362": "And I need, I have always needed an efficient audio tool.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00085-00032362-00032612": "So I've gone through several different iterations", "gH9gmirLQIY-00086-00032612-00032782": "of that particular tool.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00087-00032782-00033153": "Currently I use one called Audio Boom.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00088-00033153-00033423": "And Audio Boom enables students", "gH9gmirLQIY-00089-00033423-00033823": "to create audio files on the fly.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00090-00033823-00034083": "They can create, they can create them with their computers.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00091-00034083-00034380": "They can also create them with their phones.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00092-00034380-00034844": "And a lot of my students like the phone app for Audio Boom.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00093-00034844-00035104": "That has been very successful.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00094-00035104-00035805": "I also use something called Voice Thread, which is an audio", "gH9gmirLQIY-00095-00035805-00036082": "and video environment in which students collaborate", "gH9gmirLQIY-00096-00036082-00036222": "with each other.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00097-00036222-00036499": "So in the context of my foreign language course, they're able", "gH9gmirLQIY-00098-00036499-00036699": "to actually have discussions,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00099-00036699-00036930": "very public discussions, with each other.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00100-00036930-00037150": "Another technology that I've used, I do want to bring", "gH9gmirLQIY-00101-00037150-00037720": "up because it's a very real world is Yahoo Messenger, okay.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00102-00037720-00037967": "I bring them to Yahoo France.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00103-00037967-00038481": "And because most are very familiar with Yahoo", "gH9gmirLQIY-00104-00038481-00038852": "and that type of online environment, they're able", "gH9gmirLQIY-00105-00038852-00039182": "to navigate Yahoo France very quickly.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00106-00039182-00039409": "And I get them into chat.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00107-00039409-00040043": "And what they get a little bit of a taste of how French,", "gH9gmirLQIY-00108-00040043-00040396": "just like English, is compressed for the keyboard", "gH9gmirLQIY-00109-00040396-00040613": "and for the chat environment.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00110-00040613-00040950": "And they usually like that very much.", "gH9gmirLQIY-00111-00040950-00041958": "[ Music ]"}}, {"audio_id": "gHonzervD00", "text": {"gHonzervD00-00000-00000086-00000371": "Hi Friends, this is Blackheath train station", "gHonzervD00-00001-00000371-00000759": "Blackheath station is about 961 metres away", "gHonzervD00-00002-00000759-00000907": "from the Grand Canyon Track", "gHonzervD00-00003-00000907-00001173": "This may take about 13 minutes of walking", "gHonzervD00-00004-00001173-00001478": "You can park your car at the Grand Canyon car park", "gHonzervD00-00005-00001478-00001701": "and walk towards Evans Lookout", "gHonzervD00-00006-00001703-00002011": "to start the Grand Canyon walk in a clockwise loop", "gHonzervD00-00007-00002011-00002265": "Enjoy the majestic view of the Grose Valley", "gHonzervD00-00008-00002265-00002532": "from disabled accessible Evans Lookout", "gHonzervD00-00009-00002578-00002826": "As you decend to the base of Grand Canyon", "gHonzervD00-00010-00002826-00003082": "You will find yourself in a different world", "gHonzervD00-00011-00003082-00003294": "Big giant fern tree everywhere", "gHonzervD00-00012-00003334-00003579": "seems like you are in Dinosaurs land", "gHonzervD00-00013-00003617-00003821": "The track go along Greaves creek", "gHonzervD00-00014-00003821-00004065": "There are several ponds with red crayfish", "gHonzervD00-00015-00004065-00004363": "Eventually, the track lead you up to the main road", "gHonzervD00-00016-00004363-00004557": "at Neates Glen parking area", "gHonzervD00-00017-00004596-00004919": "You can walk along an easy track back to your car park", "gHonzervD00-00018-00005526-00005665": "Today is very lucky", "gHonzervD00-00019-00005790-00005965": "We are able to park here", "gHonzervD00-00020-00006094-00006365": "At the Evans Lookout point car park", "gHonzervD00-00021-00006609-00006834": "Is a very small car park", "gHonzervD00-00022-00007259-00007395": "and there's the toilet there", "gHonzervD00-00023-00007619-00007951": "very lucky to get this parking point", "gHonzervD00-00024-00013621-00013721": "it's very nice", "gHonzervD00-00025-00017226-00017613": "so today we also make a Loop", "gHonzervD00-00026-00017738-00018061": "Our starting point is from the Evans Lookout", "gHonzervD00-00027-00021911-00022180": "Hi Li Ern, today clear blue sky", "gHonzervD00-00028-00025623-00026042": "They're actually stay here for lookout", "gHonzervD00-00029-00026042-00026358": "They didn't go to the Grand Canyon below", "gHonzervD00-00030-00026455-00026848": "Li Ern \"give\" 5 minutes later or 2 minutes", "gHonzervD00-00031-00030250-00030476": "You know that's called a Grose Valley", "gHonzervD00-00032-00030630-00030998": "Grose Valley yeah oh", "gHonzervD00-00033-00031205-00031333": "Grose Valley", "gHonzervD00-00034-00033000-00034092": "I think it's about 300m \"down\"", "gHonzervD00-00035-00034507-00034719": "okay shall we start now", "gHonzervD00-00036-00035790-00035990": "okay start now", "gHonzervD00-00037-00038428-00038586": "Yep let's go", "gHonzervD00-00038-00039403-00039542": "yeah go down", "gHonzervD00-00039-00040313-00040886": "today is Clear Blue Sky, very nice weather", "gHonzervD00-00040-00043165-00043750": "all right there you go, Grand Canyon, let's go", "gHonzervD00-00041-00044198-00044300": "be careful Li Ern", "gHonzervD00-00042-00045115-00045255": "today's clear blue sky", "gHonzervD00-00043-00045680-00045867": "Yep, yeah", "gHonzervD00-00044-00049140-00049219": "thank you", "gHonzervD00-00045-00057541-00057703": "very clear water", "gHonzervD00-00046-00064005-00064115": "thank you", "gHonzervD00-00047-00064505-00064888": "Ha ha", "gHonzervD00-00048-00066042-00066122": "what is that", "gHonzervD00-00049-00066261-00066342": "huh", "gHonzervD00-00050-00066442-00066534": "that's a tree", "gHonzervD00-00051-00066826-00066906": "thank you", "gHonzervD00-00052-00067457-00067539": "so tall", "gHonzervD00-00053-00067989-00068188": "okay we reach the waterfall now", "gHonzervD00-00054-00071360-00071439": "okay", "gHonzervD00-00055-00071568-00071943": "yeah is that still closed? the Grose Valley", "gHonzervD00-00056-00071960-00072288": "yeah its closed but what if not close", "gHonzervD00-00057-00072676-00072927": "There is landslide (news) from the Internet", "gHonzervD00-00058-00072927-00073092": "they say is landslide", "gHonzervD00-00059-00073415-00073523": "opening April", "gHonzervD00-00060-00073843-00073996": "just a few more weeks now", "gHonzervD00-00061-00074134-00074234": "maybe a few more weeks", "gHonzervD00-00062-00074234-00074353": "how you go, hi", "gHonzervD00-00063-00074353-00074796": "2 weeks", "gHonzervD00-00064-00074926-00075089": "yeah you'll go there", "gHonzervD00-00065-00075234-00075602": "you'll go there once it's open before", "gHonzervD00-00066-00075984-00076064": "thank you", "gHonzervD00-00067-00082364-00082689": "oh my god", "gHonzervD00-00068-00085997-00086077": "hi", "gHonzervD00-00069-00086334-00086602": "more water today wow", "gHonzervD00-00070-00086730-00086810": "I think", "gHonzervD00-00071-00089435-00089515": "yeah", "gHonzervD00-00072-00089643-00089781": "oh what next then", "gHonzervD00-00073-00091185-00091311": "What is that coming from", "gHonzervD00-00074-00092606-00092702": "is a Vortex", "gHonzervD00-00075-00093252-00093365": "okay let's go", "gHonzervD00-00076-00107633-00107893": "guys I need a shower okay", "gHonzervD00-00077-00115906-00115984": "oh", "gHonzervD00-00078-00117710-00117896": "\"Take photo\"", "gHonzervD00-00079-00141927-00142039": "so many people", "gHonzervD00-00080-00142515-00142615": "traffic jam", "gHonzervD00-00081-00144318-00144407": "I know the track", "gHonzervD00-00082-00146573-00147073": "Li Ern, we are going to get wet, ha your shoes", "gHonzervD00-00083-00147353-00147485": "I remove your shoes (or not?)", "gHonzervD00-00084-00147914-00148030": "he's driving across", "gHonzervD00-00085-00148442-00148585": "he's gonna help you across", "gHonzervD00-00086-00148706-00148881": "yeah he's gonna help you across", "gHonzervD00-00087-00150353-00150446": "big long stick", "gHonzervD00-00088-00151485-00151602": "that's what the show", "gHonzervD00-00089-00152661-00152742": "yeah", "gHonzervD00-00090-00153131-00153231": "thank you", "gHonzervD00-00091-00153460-00153756": "thank you this is so fun", "gHonzervD00-00092-00161953-00162034": "well", "gHonzervD00-00093-00162269-00162350": "sorry", "gHonzervD00-00094-00171527-00171607": "thank you", "gHonzervD00-00095-00172903-00172984": "so deep", "gHonzervD00-00096-00173903-00173984": "go on", "gHonzervD00-00097-00178223-00178322": "gotta be careful", "gHonzervD00-00098-00192356-00192442": "the white one", "gHonzervD00-00099-00213171-00213277": "oh my god", "gHonzervD00-00100-00223838-00223917": "hi", "gHonzervD00-00101-00226896-00226976": "thank you", "gHonzervD00-00102-00228902-00229414": "Do we got lobster? \"today\" no lobster", "gHonzervD00-00103-00240942-00241026": "On the light", "gHonzervD00-00104-00244767-00244877": "go through the tunnel", "gHonzervD00-00105-00245673-00245827": "all the trees like that", "gHonzervD00-00106-00247052-00247131": "okay", "gHonzervD00-00107-00247352-00247452": "we go there and see", "gHonzervD00-00108-00252434-00252565": "it's a nice stream", "gHonzervD00-00109-00252706-00252877": "is there any fish, no", "gHonzervD00-00110-00253752-00253889": "everybody is coming here", "gHonzervD00-00111-00258138-00258217": "how did we get there", "gHonzervD00-00112-00259353-00259434": "I think", "gHonzervD00-00113-00261021-00261123": "oh no", "gHonzervD00-00114-00269297-00269377": "Hmm", "gHonzervD00-00115-00270146-00270226": "Haha", "gHonzervD00-00116-00270868-00270972": "it's very easy", "gHonzervD00-00117-00272865-00272946": "yeah", "gHonzervD00-00118-00281618-00281857": "no no no", "gHonzervD00-00119-00282614-00282802": "it says here; honor of the cameraman", "gHonzervD00-00120-00285726-00285806": "yeah", "gHonzervD00-00121-00285918-00286026": "we make it again", "gHonzervD00-00122-00286702-00286781": "oh", "gHonzervD00-00123-00286993-00287139": "we finally reached this car", "gHonzervD00-00124-00287438-00287607": "we're getting stronger", "gHonzervD00-00125-00288873-00288981": "We reached the car park now."}}, {"audio_id": "gHJRFuD-XpQ", "text": {"gHJRFuD-XpQ-00000-00000459-00000834": "All the platforms coming out with updates and features and this is new and", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00001-00000834-00001176": "that's new how do you choose which platform do you amplify your brand with", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00002-00001176-00001596": "You have to know your avatar. I mean, if you don't know where your people live and", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00003-00001596-00001985": "breathe and spend their time and what they're doing on those platforms, you're", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00004-00001985-00002343": "wasting your time. Everyone initially goes \"oh I gotta Facebook coz that's what", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00005-00002343-00002759": "everyone says I have to do.\" Is your person there? Is your buyer there? If it's", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00006-00002760-00003152": "not, I can't say don't spend, Facebook's very human, I mean you have to", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00007-00003152-00003710": "spend time on Facebook but augment it and you know increase your margin by", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00008-00003711-00004086": "going to another platform I mean with a lot of my clients I mean they're selling", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00009-00004086-00004571": "high-end product services $5,000 all the way up to over $50,000 monthly service", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00010-00004571-00004986": "fees. I mean a lot of people it's a lot harder to find those on Facebook.", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00011-00004986-00005412": "On LinkedIn, you can go through and be able to target that audience and be able to", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00012-00005412-00005852": "go through and start a conversation. You were talking about the girl in the front door.", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00013-00005878-00006132": "If you do it all right right on LinkedIn, I don't have to worry about that girl", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00014-00006132-00006630": "in the front door. I can have a  conversation realistically with", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00015-00006630-00007092": "Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, if they're on the platform, you can actually reach them", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00016-00007092-00007383": "and be able to connect and you have to have a reason know how to be able to get", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00017-00007383-00007754": "to them so I mean that's the biggest thing is a lot of people there's not one", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00018-00007754-00008000": "platform for everyone but just know your audience", "gHJRFuD-XpQ-00019-00008066-00008238": "and spend your time there first"}}, {"audio_id": "gHYGjja8654", "text": {"gHYGjja8654-00000-00000016-00000312": "In the video today I'm going to share with you guys the best", "gHYGjja8654-00001-00000312-00000648": "cinematic settings for the GoPro Hero9.", "gHYGjja8654-00002-00001584-00002256": "So if you've got your hands on a GoPro Hero9 you will know that, the footage straight out of the box", "gHYGjja8654-00003-00002256-00003040": "is pretty trash and that's because GoPro don't set this up well in the factory settings, so it's up to", "gHYGjja8654-00004-00003040-00003632": "us to actually set up the GoPro correctly so that you can get the best video settings out of this", "gHYGjja8654-00005-00003632-00004208": "little guy right here. In the video today I'm going to take about 10 minutes of your time and show you", "gHYGjja8654-00006-00004208-00004800": "the best settings, so you can start getting some really beautiful cinematic footage with the GoPro", "gHYGjja8654-00007-00004800-00005544": "9. Let's jump into it and get started. So let's start by clicking on or touching this button here", "gHYGjja8654-00008-00005544-00006104": "at the bottom in the middle. Now this gives you your different settings which you can customize", "gHYGjja8654-00009-00006104-00006631": "and this is where we're going to change them so we can get the best cinematic settings for your", "gHYGjja8654-00010-00006631-00007280": "video. Just click on any of these and then it's going to open up some settings that we can change.", "gHYGjja8654-00011-00007400-00008159": "So first up we're going to take a look at frames per second and resolution. This is really important", "gHYGjja8654-00012-00008159-00008848": "and the great thing about the GoPro 9 is they have introduced 5k so you've got that extra resolution.", "gHYGjja8654-00013-00008904-00009896": "You've also got 4k, you've got 2.7 k and you've got 1080p aswell. Now in 5k mode you've got 24", "gHYGjja8654-00014-00009896-00010616": "and 30 frames per second you don't have any other options than this. With 4k this jumps up, you've", "gHYGjja8654-00015-00010616-00011144": "got 30 and you've got 60 frames per second if you do want to slow your footage down in post.", "gHYGjja8654-00016-00011248-00011888": "When you get into the lower resolutions like 2.7 you can jump this up to 120 frames per second to", "gHYGjja8654-00017-00011888-00012568": "get that buttery slow-motion footage and it can look really nice when you use this also", "gHYGjja8654-00018-00012568-00013312": "with 1080p. You can then bump this up to 240 and get ultra slo-mo if you're looking for that mode.", "gHYGjja8654-00019-00013440-00013847": "In this setting though we're looking to get the highest quality resolution and we're going", "gHYGjja8654-00020-00013847-00014440": "to change this to 5k and put it to 24 which is the best frames per second for cinematic", "gHYGjja8654-00021-00014440-00015160": "footage. Now let's jump back into the settings area and the next setting is lens. You've got", "gHYGjja8654-00022-00015160-00015856": "three options in lens, you've got the wide 16-34, you've got the middle here which is the linear", "gHYGjja8654-00023-00015856-00016552": "and you've also got the narrow setting which is the last one on the list. Now what I will say is", "gHYGjja8654-00024-00016552-00017080": "I don't usually shoot everything in wide unless I'm doing vlogs. I find that the middle setting", "gHYGjja8654-00025-00017080-00017704": "linear is a great place to go. You've got enough in your scene and it's just one of them really", "gHYGjja8654-00026-00017704-00018160": "nice ones that doesn't give you that warped edge like you get with the fisheye effect.", "gHYGjja8654-00027-00018288-00018952": "Hyper smooth is super important if you want to get smooth footage then you've got to make sure this", "gHYGjja8654-00028-00018952-00019696": "setting is on. Now it does give you a little bit of a crop of 10 but it stabilizes your video which", "gHYGjja8654-00029-00019696-00020224": "makes all of the difference. Now if you want to take it to the next level you can put boost mode", "gHYGjja8654-00030-00020224-00020776": "on and usually I do, this keeps it really smooth, I've actually made a video on this which I'm", "gHYGjja8654-00031-00020776-00021448": "going to be releasing on the channel soon. Next up we're just going to jump straight in to hindsight.", "gHYGjja8654-00032-00021824-00022448": "So this is a really great feature where you can record 15 or 30 seconds before you actually click", "gHYGjja8654-00033-00022448-00022944": "on that shutter button and this is brilliant because, you don't miss any of the action that", "gHYGjja8654-00034-00022944-00023608": "you might need to record that you would do if you missed pressing the button down. Pro tune", "gHYGjja8654-00035-00023608-00023984": "is the next step in the settings that's important to look at.", "gHYGjja8654-00036-00024080-00024752": "bit rate you've got standard and high and if you're shooting anything above 2.7 you've got to", "gHYGjja8654-00037-00024752-00025384": "make sure this is turned up to high. You need that extra bit rate to deal with the extra resolution.", "gHYGjja8654-00038-00025712-00026248": "Shutter speed is something which you can change, now if you don't already know this whatever", "gHYGjja8654-00039-00026248-00026800": "your frames per second is let's say it's 24 frames per second you want to double this", "gHYGjja8654-00040-00026800-00027336": "with your shutter speed. So you can do that manually in the shutter speed setting here", "gHYGjja8654-00041-00027392-00027895": "or you can just put it to auto and then what will happen is the GoPro will take care of", "gHYGjja8654-00042-00027895-00028695": "this for you. The next setting is really important this is exposure compensation.", "gHYGjja8654-00043-00028792-00029239": "It's worth hearing this now because if you're shooting outdoors and you're shooting in sunny", "gHYGjja8654-00044-00029239-00029936": "conditions you've got to put this down by at least one star. Why? Well it's because the GoPro 9", "gHYGjja8654-00045-00029936-00030400": "doesn't deal with harsh highlights very well and they can end up being really blown out.", "gHYGjja8654-00046-00030488-00031095": "White balance some people have reported issues with the white balance in the GoPro Hero9", "gHYGjja8654-00047-00031095-00031527": "and they've said that it doesn't deal very well when you're outdoors and that's true.", "gHYGjja8654-00048-00031527-00032016": "If you're outdoors once again in the sun you can find that the white balance just kind of", "gHYGjja8654-00049-00032016-00032648": "makes it look muddy and not very nice. So I advise that if you're in sunny conditions", "gHYGjja8654-00050-00032648-00033256": "just lower the kelvin setting a little bit so you get that cooler tone and then if you're in cloudy", "gHYGjja8654-00051-00033256-00033768": "conditions then you can just add the kelvin up, push it up a little bit and get that warmer", "gHYGjja8654-00052-00033768-00034280": "tone . But if you're indoors leave it on auto because it's going to take care of it for you.", "gHYGjja8654-00053-00034664-00035264": "Iso is important to keep as low as possible this determines the quality of your footage.", "gHYGjja8654-00054-00035424-00035976": "So you want to keep this on Iso 100 and just don't higher it to anything above that,", "gHYGjja8654-00055-00036096-00036784": "but when it comes to Iso max you need to look at this in a different way. You want to keep this", "gHYGjja8654-00056-00036784-00037312": "high but not too high because if you go above 1600 I've found that the footage", "gHYGjja8654-00057-00037312-00037752": "can start to fall apart. Now there might be times you need it higher if you're shooting", "gHYGjja8654-00058-00037752-00038416": "in low light, but try and keep it no more than 1600 and the footage will stay pretty clean.", "gHYGjja8654-00059-00038920-00039392": "Next up with sharpness, I find that medium is a great setting to put it", "gHYGjja8654-00060-00039392-00039768": "on. You've got enough sharpness going on but you haven't got too much.", "gHYGjja8654-00061-00039768-00040296": "Whereas if you actually put this in high mode it can look just too over the top. Colour,", "gHYGjja8654-00062-00040296-00040776": "you've got GoPro's own colour setting here which I find is a little bit over the top.", "gHYGjja8654-00063-00040776-00041352": "If you want to have as much control over your video as possible put this down to a flat profile.", "gHYGjja8654-00064-00041352-00041944": "This means that you can go into post and you can colour the footage yourself. This is what everyone", "gHYGjja8654-00065-00041944-00042600": "does when it comes to cinematic footage. If you're interested in LUTS, which help you grade the colour", "gHYGjja8654-00066-00042600-00043120": "of your footage i'll leave a link to my cinematic LUT pack in the description of the video.", "gHYGjja8654-00067-00043248-00043928": "The wind setting you can have on, you can have it on auto or you can have it off. Now if you've got", "gHYGjja8654-00068-00043928-00044480": "a day which is windy and it's also kind of quiet as well and there's not much wind leave it on auto.", "gHYGjja8654-00069-00044480-00044968": "If you've got a windy day leave it on but if there's no wind at all switch it off", "gHYGjja8654-00070-00044968-00045512": "and that's because the quality of the audio when this wind reduction is off is the best.", "gHYGjja8654-00071-00045680-00046320": "So what we've done here is, we've got the best quality video setting in 5k. Now we're going to", "gHYGjja8654-00072-00046320-00046984": "create our own profile for slow motion and this is brilliant because when you're shooting a video,", "gHYGjja8654-00073-00047088-00047816": "creating slow motion footage really addsan extra something to your video footage.", "gHYGjja8654-00074-00047816-00048584": "2.7 k you can shoot up 220 frames per second which is great. If you jump into 1080p you can", "gHYGjja8654-00075-00048584-00049344": "even hire this more where you can go up to 240 frames per second. For extra slow motion I like", "gHYGjja8654-00076-00049344-00049872": "to leave it on 2.7 k because you've got the high resolution and that's the best setting.", "gHYGjja8654-00077-00049960-00050656": "You've got more settings for lenses on this option and the one that I choose is linear plus", "gHYGjja8654-00078-00050656-00051152": "horizon leveling.  This takes care of your horizon while you're filming", "gHYGjja8654-00079-00051152-00051648": "your footage. Now this is brilliant because you don't have to worry about always thinking that", "gHYGjja8654-00080-00051648-00052216": "everything is straight and you've got your horizon level. Next up we've discussed this", "gHYGjja8654-00081-00052216-00052744": "before but,  just put your hyper smooth on or in boost mode if you want that extra stabilization.", "gHYGjja8654-00082-00052967-00053544": "Next up let's just jump straight in to the protune settings. We've got everything else", "gHYGjja8654-00083-00053544-00054200": "the way we need it here. Now bit rates high and the shutter speed is 240 which is double", "gHYGjja8654-00084-00054200-00054760": "120 frames per second. The downside of this is you can't change your exposure compensation,", "gHYGjja8654-00085-00054760-00055416": "which means that if you're outside you could run into some problems with harsh highlights. How do", "gHYGjja8654-00086-00055416-00056064": "you take care of that? Well, you get some ND filters, there'll be a link in the description the video", "gHYGjja8654-00087-00056064-00056520": "for some well-priced ND filters which can take care of that problem for you.", "gHYGjja8654-00088-00056872-00057344": "Next up let's take a look at white balance, all I do with this setting once again is,", "gHYGjja8654-00089-00057344-00057912": "I leave it the same. I leave it on auto if I'm shooting indoors or I will change it if I'm not.", "gHYGjja8654-00090-00058032-00058952": "Now with Iso max I don't put it up to 1600 on slow motion at 2.7 k and that's because, the quality", "gHYGjja8654-00091-00058952-00059488": "is not as good which you'll probably notice when you're shooting video. I leave it on 800", "gHYGjja8654-00092-00059488-00060088": "and I don't go above that setting. Sharpness is on medium I've got my colour run flat", "gHYGjja8654-00093-00060088-00060767": "and my wind on auto. Now these shortcut settings are really cool, you can add these into your main", "gHYGjja8654-00094-00060767-00061336": "home screen so when you actually come on to record your footage you can change things like the Iso", "gHYGjja8654-00095-00061496-00061960": "which I can do here, or you can change other settings like your white balance", "gHYGjja8654-00096-00061960-00062544": "or your lens or something else. You've got four of these options that you can add so it's worth", "gHYGjja8654-00097-00062544-00063360": "adding these to just kind of customize your home screen as well. Okay so we've got the two settings", "gHYGjja8654-00098-00063360-00063872": "sorted we've got our main resolution setting which is the best quality cinematic footage and we've", "gHYGjja8654-00099-00063872-00064544": "got slow motion for that nice slow motion footage. If we scroll the screen down we've got other", "gHYGjja8654-00100-00064544-00065120": "options as well which you don't really need to pay much attention to but if you're a starter and you", "gHYGjja8654-00101-00065120-00065752": "haven't got that leveling mode on with your lens you can add in a grid and this just means you", "gHYGjja8654-00102-00065752-00066256": "can take care of your horizon by checking these grid lines and making sure everything's level.", "gHYGjja8654-00103-00066720-00067184": "Finally I'm just going to scroll across and then we're going to take a look at some", "gHYGjja8654-00104-00067184-00067384": "preferences which we can change here.", "gHYGjja8654-00105-00067744-00068480": "Go into general and one thing that I think is important to make sure that you've got selected is", "gHYGjja8654-00106-00068480-00069216": "your anti-flicker. You see, if you're from America or from Canada you will be shooting in", "gHYGjja8654-00107-00069216-00070000": "pal mode which means you want to change this to 50 hertz. But if you're in the UK then keep this on 60,", "gHYGjja8654-00108-00070000-00070632": "because you'll be shooting with ntsc and this just ensures that your frame rates are correct", "gHYGjja8654-00109-00070632-00071184": "with the herds here. I hope you've enjoyed the video today guys on the settings and setup for", "gHYGjja8654-00110-00071184-00071696": "the GoPro hero9. If you have enjoyed it make sure you hit subscribe and join our thriving", "gHYGjja8654-00111-00071696-00072248": "community here at Ben's Guide, also please leave me a comment and let me know if there's anything", "gHYGjja8654-00112-00072248-00072768": "i haven't added in the video today and I can get back to you after the video is finished. Whatever", "gHYGjja8654-00113-00072768-00073232": "you do for the rest of the day guys make sure it's a good one and I'll see you in the next video."}}, {"audio_id": "gHb307-DojI", "text": {"gHb307-DojI-00000-00000220-00000819": "SFX: Scraping sound", "gHb307-DojI-00001-00000819-00003620": "Music", "gHb307-DojI-00002-00003620-00004004": "I guess from a young child I was very interested in symbology,", "gHb307-DojI-00003-00004004-00004350": "writing ... images ...", "gHb307-DojI-00004-00004350-00005400": "Music", "gHb307-DojI-00005-00005402-00005720": "I am fascinated with change because", "gHb307-DojI-00006-00005720-00006262": "the only constant thing in my life has been change.", "gHb307-DojI-00007-00006262-00006870": "The change influences me in a way that, for example", "gHb307-DojI-00008-00006870-00007526": "seeds and roots and thing with plants are constantly changing.", "gHb307-DojI-00009-00007526-00007750": "Nature is constantly changing.", "gHb307-DojI-00010-00007750-00008164": "And a lot of that imagery comes into my work.", "gHb307-DojI-00011-00008164-00009130": "Music", "gHb307-DojI-00012-00009130-00009608": "I usually create monotypes with images that", "gHb307-DojI-00013-00009608-00009844": "that look good as a silhouette.", "gHb307-DojI-00014-00009844-00010108": "Music", "gHb307-DojI-00015-00010108-00010484": "I've done a series of monotypes and painting", "gHb307-DojI-00016-00010484-00010732": "called \"The Fox Spirit Chair.\"", "gHb307-DojI-00017-00010732-00011150": "And the idea came to me when I reading a", "gHb307-DojI-00018-00011150-00011726": "Chinese story from the 1600s. And it described a", "gHb307-DojI-00019-00011726-00012264": "healer in a room. And she had a red curtain, and a little table", "gHb307-DojI-00020-00012264-00012528": "with a chair on it. With a red cushion.", "gHb307-DojI-00021-00012528-00012860": "And a sick person would come in and she would", "gHb307-DojI-00022-00012860-00013163": "conjure up the fox spirit to try to", "gHb307-DojI-00023-00013163-00013410": "help them to get better and ...", "gHb307-DojI-00024-00013410-00013722": "the moment I that I read that story", "gHb307-DojI-00025-00013722-00014174": "my imagination became alive with this red curtain,", "gHb307-DojI-00026-00014174-00014654": "the red cushion, the chair, the table, and", "gHb307-DojI-00027-00014654-00015163": "so over the - that was about seven years - over that period of time", "gHb307-DojI-00028-00015163-00015600": "I bet I've painted at least 20 images.", "gHb307-DojI-00029-00015600-00015919": "from that one little story.", "gHb307-DojI-00030-00015919-00017206": "Music", "gHb307-DojI-00031-00017206-00017440": "I always work with a resource", "gHb307-DojI-00032-00017440-00017942": "I always start with something that I can pin up or", "gHb307-DojI-00033-00017942-00018398": "use for a drawing. And then as I am working I hope", "gHb307-DojI-00034-00018398-00018906": "that I can deviate from that into realms unknown", "gHb307-DojI-00035-00018906-00019262": "and hopefully also for me it's good if I can", "gHb307-DojI-00036-00019262-00019746": "maybe like more so in this print which came after this one.", "gHb307-DojI-00037-00019746-00020138": "evoke even something that is ethereal", "gHb307-DojI-00038-00020138-00020746": "provocative, mysterious. Those are all something that I'm striving for.", "gHb307-DojI-00039-00020746-00021230": "Even though I do start with a solid resource.", "gHb307-DojI-00040-00021230-00022908": "Music", "gHb307-DojI-00041-00022908-00023322": "My art is extremely personal.", "gHb307-DojI-00042-00023322-00023580": "and emotional.", "gHb307-DojI-00043-00023580-00024158": "Although a viewer might not be able to read what my interior motivation is", "gHb307-DojI-00044-00024158-00024442": "but it's always to me a metaphor.", "gHb307-DojI-00045-00024442-00024766": "I love narrative. I love stories.", "gHb307-DojI-00046-00024766-00025402": "I love it when a viewer can kind of create their own stories from one of my images.", "gHb307-DojI-00047-00025402-00025848": "Or my image will resonate with them, somehow.", "gHb307-DojI-00048-00025848-00026927": "Music", "gHb307-DojI-00049-00026927-00027233": "This is what I'm suppose to do.", "gHb307-DojI-00050-00027233-00027750": "And I'll probably do it until I die, you know.", "gHb307-DojI-00051-00027750-00028338": "Actually making a living as an artist, that's what I'm suppose to do.", "gHb307-DojI-00052-00028338-00029870": "Music"}}, {"audio_id": "gIvvPCN_FLY", "text": {"gIvvPCN_FLY-00000-00000709-00000968": "Welcome to Draw Tip Tuesday!", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00001-00000968-00001590": "Sometimes, it can be quite intimidating, to have all these fresh empty pages in your art", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00002-00001590-00001943": "journal, waiting to be filled by YOU, the Artist.", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00003-00001943-00002348": "What if you don’t have any ideas about what to draw?", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00004-00002348-00003032": "Well here’s a suggestion: Dream!", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00005-00003032-00003372": "Are there any things you’re dreaming of?", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00006-00003372-00003707": "Things that you would really like to do or have?", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00007-00003707-00003994": "List them by drawing them.", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00008-00003994-00004719": "Perhaps you’re dreaming of moving into a larger house, or a different location, or", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00009-00004719-00007581": "perhaps you’d like to study and learn new stuff, learn to play an instrument, or you’d", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00010-00007581-00009490": "love to travel, attend an art class, or even climb a mountain…", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00011-00009490-00010132": "Define your dreams and create your visual bucket list by finding the right icons or", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00012-00010132-00010232": "symbols.", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00013-00010232-00012057": "add some color too, and get back to this list regularly to see if you can check things off!", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00014-00012057-00012342": "Thank you for watching this video!", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00015-00012342-00012814": "In my art classes, I give way more tips and tricks, so why don’t you go to my website", "gIvvPCN_FLY-00016-00012814-00013240": "Koosjekoene.nl, and enroll in one of my classes today!"}}, {"audio_id": "gIcxKhXJykA", "text": {"gIcxKhXJykA-00000-00000104-00000648": "so today we're going to talk about what is a click funnels badge and i will go over what", "gIcxKhXJykA-00001-00000648-00001064": "clickfunnels is if you're not sure but if you use click funnels there's this little", "gIcxKhXJykA-00002-00001064-00001752": "badge that shows up on your funnel and how do you get rid of it what is it why is it there and", "gIcxKhXJykA-00003-00001752-00002264": "can i get rid of it if i don't want it that's what we're going to cover today hey before we jump in", "gIcxKhXJykA-00004-00002264-00002720": "don't forget to subscribe to my channel where i'll teach you how to turn your passion into profits it", "gIcxKhXJykA-00005-00002720-00003264": "starts with youtube it really does you got to get that content out first but make sure you subscribe", "gIcxKhXJykA-00006-00003264-00003711": "and i'll send you a weekly video and i appreciate it if you have any comments or questions below", "gIcxKhXJykA-00007-00003711-00004176": "ask questions because that's how i make my videos when you don't know the answer to something i'll", "gIcxKhXJykA-00008-00004176-00004648": "find it out for you make a video and i'll answer it all right let's dive in and find", "gIcxKhXJykA-00009-00004648-00005072": "out what is click funnels what's that badge and how do you get rid of it if you don't want it", "gIcxKhXJykA-00010-00005144-00005640": "first i'm going to talk about what is the click funnels badge where it pops up and you can decide", "gIcxKhXJykA-00011-00005640-00006128": "whether you want that there to be there or not for those of you that don't know what click funnels is", "gIcxKhXJykA-00012-00006184-00006640": "stick around after i show that and i'll give you a quick review of what it is and why you would", "gIcxKhXJykA-00013-00006640-00007104": "need this tool to help grow your business all right so let's go ahead and get started", "gIcxKhXJykA-00014-00007104-00007480": "i'm going to go into my clickfunnels account and if you go right here at the top tab it", "gIcxKhXJykA-00015-00007480-00007904": "says funnels that's going to bring up all of my funnels that are in my account", "gIcxKhXJykA-00016-00007904-00008280": "and i just want to give you an idea of how easy this is to use now i have all my", "gIcxKhXJykA-00017-00008280-00008784": "landing pages together so we're going to go in there and i'm just going to choose one and", "gIcxKhXJykA-00018-00008928-00009576": "we're going to go into tubebuddy again if you don't know what a landing page is why we would use", "gIcxKhXJykA-00019-00009576-00010144": "this i will go over that in just a moment i want to show you how when i bring up that landing page", "gIcxKhXJykA-00020-00010144-00010672": "if i did not remove the click funnels badge it will pop up and i'll show you what it looks like", "gIcxKhXJykA-00021-00010672-00011400": "so let's do a preview of this landing page this is what it's going to look like when other people", "gIcxKhXJykA-00022-00011400-00011976": "bring it up now look down here in the right hand corner see here where it says click funnels", "gIcxKhXJykA-00023-00011976-00012544": "people can click that it will pop up on your landing page and that helps click funnels it's", "gIcxKhXJykA-00024-00012544-00013024": "like an advertisement for them and if people click it it takes them right to click funnels", "gIcxKhXJykA-00025-00013024-00013480": "and then click funnels the company will try to get them to sign up and promote it's it's", "gIcxKhXJykA-00026-00013480-00014056": "kind of like advertising on your funnel page you can get rid of that you don't have to leave that", "gIcxKhXJykA-00027-00014056-00014552": "there and i'm going to show you how to do that right now let's go back to the editing page and", "gIcxKhXJykA-00028-00014552-00015088": "over here on the left see where it says settings go down here to the bottom where it says general", "gIcxKhXJykA-00029-00015200-00015840": "and right here it says affiliate badge you can show it or you can not show it", "gIcxKhXJykA-00030-00015896-00016416": "now i prefer to hide it if i do any affiliate marketing for click funnels i prefer", "gIcxKhXJykA-00031-00016416-00016848": "to talk to you and give you the link myself instead of just putting it on", "gIcxKhXJykA-00032-00016848-00017288": "those pages that's just me and i think a lot of affiliate marketers are that way as well", "gIcxKhXJykA-00033-00017288-00017776": "so we go ahead and save and now i'm going to show you what that looks like after we save it", "gIcxKhXJykA-00034-00018072-00018992": "hit the preview button and there you go it's gone so if you don't hide the affiliate badge", "gIcxKhXJykA-00035-00018992-00019408": "or the the click funnels badge it's going to show up right down here", "gIcxKhXJykA-00036-00019496-00020240": "and if you hide that's it pop-up page it does not show up so you can choose what you want to do now", "gIcxKhXJykA-00037-00020240-00020888": "something i want to point out while you can see my page here see this little favicon here notice", "gIcxKhXJykA-00038-00020888-00021696": "over here in click funnels it has a little click funnels icon or logo this is my little logo for", "gIcxKhXJykA-00039-00021696-00022312": "my website right here you can change that as well now i just want to point it out since you're here", "gIcxKhXJykA-00040-00022312-00022920": "and i've got your attention i've got a video on how to do that step by step so go ahead and watch", "gIcxKhXJykA-00041-00022920-00023368": "that video i've got it up below if you want to know how to change that out as well when you're", "gIcxKhXJykA-00042-00023368-00023944": "first getting started with click funnels there's a lot of little things like that that you probably", "gIcxKhXJykA-00043-00023944-00024552": "bypass because you're trying to figure out how to use it now what is a landing page a landing page", "gIcxKhXJykA-00044-00024648-00025384": "is when you ask somebody like if i go on my video and i say hey check out tubebuddy i show you some", "gIcxKhXJykA-00045-00025472-00025816": "features and i show you different things that tubebuddy will do", "gIcxKhXJykA-00046-00025816-00026216": "to help grow your channel i might be talking about keywords or other things like that", "gIcxKhXJykA-00047-00026216-00026648": "well what i do is i have an affiliate link underneath in the description below which i", "gIcxKhXJykA-00048-00026648-00027183": "do have down there and when you click that link you're going to pop up on a page like this now", "gIcxKhXJykA-00049-00027183-00027576": "notice i used click funnels to get you to tubebuddy right i had to have two different", "gIcxKhXJykA-00050-00027576-00028183": "software tools and what happens is if somebody clicks that page let's go back to the preview if", "gIcxKhXJykA-00051-00028183-00028760": "somebody clicks that affiliate link to tubebuddy they're going to pop up on this page and why am", "gIcxKhXJykA-00052-00028760-00029288": "i doing that why am i not just bringing them right to tubebuddy i can do that i can put the affiliate", "gIcxKhXJykA-00053-00029288-00029704": "link down there and i'll take them right to tubebuddy but i want to collect their email", "gIcxKhXJykA-00054-00029704-00030280": "that's another strategy in growing your business one of the things that isn't talked about a lot", "gIcxKhXJykA-00055-00030280-00030952": "as you're watching a lot of these videos and trying to make money online is tubebuddy and", "gIcxKhXJykA-00056-00030952-00031504": "youtube and instagram and all these different social media platforms they can shut down and", "gIcxKhXJykA-00057-00031504-00031952": "then you've lost all your business like right now all these gurus are making tons of money mr beast", "gIcxKhXJykA-00058-00031952-00032688": "is making millions probably on youtube the man is phenomenal but if two if youtube shuts down", "gIcxKhXJykA-00059-00032760-00033328": "all his cash is gone all his ho that stream of income so what this does it allows you to collect", "gIcxKhXJykA-00060-00033328-00034024": "emails so when you come to this page it says count me in click here boom i want your email and i want", "gIcxKhXJykA-00061-00034024-00034592": "your name and yours will say that what's your name what your email is say yes i want this so", "gIcxKhXJykA-00062-00034592-00035296": "you click it and now it's going to do two things it's going to send your email and your name to my", "gIcxKhXJykA-00063-00035296-00036000": "active campaign account my autoresponder and it's going to pop up the tubebuddy page so i just use", "gIcxKhXJykA-00064-00036000-00036576": "three different software tools to help build an income stream for my business so there's tubebuddy", "gIcxKhXJykA-00065-00036576-00037120": "that's what you want right and in the meantime your name and your email went to my activecampaign", "gIcxKhXJykA-00066-00037120-00037664": "account where i collect your email and then i can send a weekly newsletter or monthly whatever you", "gIcxKhXJykA-00067-00037664-00038264": "choose that's a whole other video but i just want to show you what that landing page is", "gIcxKhXJykA-00068-00038328-00038888": "and if you're using it you can get rid of that little icon or that little clickfunnels badge down", "gIcxKhXJykA-00069-00038888-00039344": "in the corner i hope this was helpful it's just some of these little things that we don't know", "gIcxKhXJykA-00070-00039344-00039872": "about unless we ask right or we start wondering after we've been doing this for a while so", "gIcxKhXJykA-00071-00039936-00040312": "let me know if that was helpful if you have any other questions put them down below and i will", "gIcxKhXJykA-00072-00040312-00040784": "answer those for you and in the meantime you have a good one thanks for watching", "gIcxKhXJykA-00073-00042680-00042688": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "gJP8Wd39hck", "text": {"gJP8Wd39hck-00000-00000000-00004760": "music"}}, {"audio_id": "gK2IKY42ZKQ", "text": {"gK2IKY42ZKQ-00000-00000609-00000876": "Sales is a numbers game.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00001-00000876-00001670": "Not every bad day or every bad week is a symptom of a bad process or is a symptom of something", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00002-00001670-00001838": "not working.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00003-00001838-00002022": "Sometimes you just have a bad day.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00004-00002022-00002227": "Sometimes you just have a bad week.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00005-00002227-00002580": "Sometimes you're even going to have a bad month, it doesn't necessarily mean that you're", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00006-00002580-00002748": "doing anything wrong.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00007-00002748-00003229": "It may just be the person on the other side of the table the timing wasn't right.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00008-00003229-00003760": "So what are some things I can do when I get in the mental block in sales?", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00009-00003760-00004404": "There are times in sales where you just kind of hit this roadblock.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00010-00004404-00004801": "And I really have two answers for that.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00011-00004801-00005376": "Number one, is probably one that you might not expect, which is sometimes you just need", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00012-00005376-00005619": "to stop.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00013-00005619-00006110": "Sometimes when you're making calls and you're just not in it, like your mind's not there.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00014-00006110-00006683": "You're not fully engaged, sometimes it's a good idea just to stop and maybe stop for", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00015-00006683-00006853": "the rest of the day.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00016-00006853-00007163": "And understand that like, Hey, I'm just like in a bad mental place right now.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00017-00007163-00007678": "And I'm not giving it my full 100% and sometimes pushing through and just going through the", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00018-00007678-00008192": "motions when you're not at 100% is not a good thing.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00019-00008192-00008609": "Now that's very different from a lot of what you know you you've heard from me, which is", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00020-00008609-00009006": "like push through and keep going and you know, do it anyway.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00021-00009006-00009570": "But sometimes, like you'll actually hurt yourself in the results that you're going to get by", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00022-00009570-00009706": "doing it anyway.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00023-00009706-00009928": "So sometimes you just need to take a break.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00024-00009928-00010308": "Sometimes it's literally just like going outside and taking like a 10-15 minute walk.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00025-00010308-00010694": "So you're making calls, making calls, making calls, cold calling, doing doing this, you", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00026-00010694-00011232": "know, whatever your sales activities are just taking like 15 minutes to go walk around the", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00027-00011232-00011742": "building, getting some fresh air, and then get right back into what you're doing this", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00028-00011742-00011908": "huge.", "gK2IKY42ZKQ-00029-00011908-00012304": "But sometimes you're in a place where like, you really need to just go like take a nap."}}, {"audio_id": "gK_ZsOHbM2y", "text": {"gK_ZsOHbM2y-00000-00000992-00001228": "growing up ain’t easy", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00001-00001228-00001466": "too many things to do weekly", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00002-00001480-00001732": "to many thoughts to think deeply", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00003-00001746-00001948": "too many thoughts to be sleeping", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00004-00001986-00002162": "oh my god I’m not eating", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00005-00002198-00002399": "I feel so empty I’m receding", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00006-00002442-00002630": "and my all friends are misleading", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00007-00002634-00003050": "all these posts and the lives their leading, oh no way", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00008-00003050-00003278": "I ain’t gonna stand for this today", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00009-00003278-00003494": "ima keep my head down I’m ok", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00010-00003494-00003852": "i don’t wanna listen to a word they say uh", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00011-00003854-00004130": "and we all know fear is the slogan yea", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00012-00004130-00004498": "and we all feel broken yea,and we all outspoken", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00013-00004520-00004732": "need someone who can just go show them", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00014-00004732-00004938": "sometimes I struggle in this place", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00015-00004964-00005162": "been in circles several days", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00016-00005162-00005606": "never knowing the right way,mmmm yea", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00017-00005620-00005904": "sometimes I struggle in this place", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00018-00005904-00006106": "people look the other way", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00019-00006112-00006584": "and we all deal with our pain  oh yea", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00020-00006668-00006876": "no I’m not down no I’m not out", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00021-00006878-00007114": "if I got voice they gon hear me shout", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00022-00007114-00007344": "I can make my own choice and we’ve all got a mouth", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00023-00007364-00007568": "ima make noise yea that i don’t doubt", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00024-00007570-00007822": "I don’t fear failure, not yet", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00025-00007822-00008058": "mistakes they make you better don’t regret", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00026-00008058-00008320": "and like drake said man, I’m upset", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00027-00008320-00008590": "too many people out here wastin their breath yeah yeah", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00028-00008598-00009102": "and still I feel like we’ve just all been going crazy", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00029-00009102-00009574": "too many people need to find them self some safety", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00030-00009574-00010066": "just take control of your life it’s all day to day yea", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00031-00010078-00010258": "don’t need nobody else", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00032-00010258-00010476": "myself can always save me", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00033-00010476-00010716": "sometimes I struggle in this place", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00034-00010716-00010938": "been in circles several days", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00035-00010942-00011204": "never knowing the right way", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00036-00011206-00011376": "mmmm yea", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00037-00011384-00011688": "sometimes I struggle in this place", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00038-00011688-00011902": "people look the other way", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00039-00011902-00012332": "and we all deal with our pain oh yeah", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00040-00012332-00012618": "sometimes I struggle in this place", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00041-00012618-00013122": "been in circles several  days, never knowing the right way", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00042-00013130-00013296": "mmm yea", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00043-00013297-00013566": "sometimes I struggle in this place", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00044-00013566-00013826": "people look the other way", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00045-00013826-00014072": "and we all deal with our pain", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00046-00014076-00014244": "oh yea", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00047-00014250-00015712": "* Outro *", "gK_ZsOHbM2y-00048-00015712-00016554": "* Like , subsribe, and share with your friends! * ;)"}}, {"audio_id": "gKCAA5Miv50", "text": {"gKCAA5Miv50-00000-00000000-00001574": "Tilly's Video Diary | October 2017"}}, {"audio_id": "gKeXlUSu_c0", "text": {"gKeXlUSu_c0-00000-00001570-00001748": "We haven't met for ages.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00001-00002420-00002560": "When did you left?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00002-00002636-00002774": "When we were on Highschool.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00003-00003040-00003224": "Which year?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00004-00003356-00003484": "In the first grade.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00005-00003484-00003594": "What has happened?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00006-00003684-00003884": "Did you leave because your father", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00007-00003950-00004252": "He was transferred in Nauplio so we had to go with him.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00008-00004422-00004604": "Your father was a physics teacher right?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00009-00004744-00004860": "Have you ever been in Nauplio?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00010-00004910-00004960": "Yes", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00011-00005318-00005756": "We went on a school trip there, at the 3rd grade.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00012-00005836-00006036": "And I stil remember a beautiful alley", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00013-00006100-00006526": "full of violet and pink roses falling from the balkonies", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00014-00006776-00007009": "and there was an Italian guy", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00015-00007044-00007244": "that he was selling ice creams", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00016-00007352-00007564": "It was the first time that I 've tried them", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00017-00007614-00007878": "and I had to decide which flavor I 'd buy.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00018-00008122-00008418": "The place was really cozy.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00019-00008868-00009070": "Yeah it was nice in Nauplio.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00020-00009408-00009568": "Do you still live there?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00021-00009670-00009720": "No", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00022-00009786-00009976": "I left from there last year", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00023-00010110-00010378": "and I have no idea what to do.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00024-00011206-00011668": "Are you used in hanging on rooftops?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00025-00012042-00012322": "Don't you remember when we were kids", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00026-00012334-00012546": "we used to sit on a rooftop", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00027-00012560-00012624": "and fight", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00028-00012624-00012732": "spitting stars.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00029-00013100-00013294": "Don't you remember it?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00030-00013416-00013578": "I have forgotten it.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00031-00014856-00015072": "Where were you going when me met?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00032-00015197-00015334": "In  a bachelor party.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00033-00015688-00015856": "What are you laughing at?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00034-00015934-00016246": "Because everyone has to marry after getting 30", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00035-00016246-00016490": "Isn't anyone allowed to do it earlier?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00036-00016490-00016658": "Is it way to traditional?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00037-00016818-00016868": "No", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00038-00016868-00017244": "I was in bachelor in a strip club.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00039-00017398-00017598": "And there were some really weird round lights", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00040-00017750-00018086": "Do you remember a weird sphere I had", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00041-00018304-00018568": "The glass sphere, that smell awful?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00042-00018604-00018806": "That you bought at your birthday?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00043-00018942-00019214": "Remember we were gathering after school", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00044-00019338-00019570": "and we acted futuretelling with it", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00045-00019678-00020006": "And we had it on your face because it smelled awful", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00046-00020080-00020336": "No I don't remember doing this exactly", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00047-00020636-00020692": "ok", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00048-00020774-00021102": "Do you remember when summer started", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00049-00021200-00021528": "that we always wanted to share our first ice cream", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00050-00021568-00021814": "but finally you were eating it", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00051-00021814-00022036": "and just give me a tiny piece", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00052-00022182-00022472": "Yeah I did that", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00053-00022544-00022800": "to protect you from braind freezing", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00054-00023430-00023820": "You remember those ice creams with the  plastic rings", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00055-00023934-00024284": "And I took one to propose you.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00056-00024362-00024502": "And you said yes.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00057-00024566-00024662": "I wasn't", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00058-00024750-00024982": "I just said it so you don't feel bad.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00059-00025174-00025350": "I didn't actually mean it.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00060-00025480-00025695": "Yeah ok we were just 10 years old.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00061-00025830-00025916": "yes", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00062-00026227-00026492": "10 years old and playing spin the bottle", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00063-00026638-00026872": "And I was trying always to kiss", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00064-00026874-00026924": "Alexandra", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00065-00026924-00026974": "no", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00066-00027002-00027089": "Ioanna!", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00067-00027338-00027466": "Always Ioanna", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00068-00027536-00027656": "Who else should I?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00069-00027656-00027722": "Me", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00070-00027945-00028283": "I always tried to stop the bootle on you.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00071-00028402-00028570": "I had a little crash on you", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00072-00028806-00028889": "What?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00073-00031138-00031216": "Yes", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00074-00031292-00031476": "I 'll be there in 10 minutes.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00075-00031614-00031932": "Yeah don't worry I 'm coming.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00076-00032068-00032156": "bye", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00077-00032712-00032832": "Are you in a hurry?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00078-00032886-00033070": "Yes they are waiting for me.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00079-00033186-00033402": "Why is this your bachelor party?", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00080-00033846-00033946": "Yes", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00081-00034240-00034456": "No don't laugh it's really mine.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00082-00035992-00036078": "Then you should go.", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00083-00036106-00036156": "yes", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00084-00036478-00036596": "Ok we will", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00085-00036776-00036890": "Yeah we will", "gKeXlUSu_c0-00086-00036980-00037076": "see you"}}, {"audio_id": "gKL0Vr8j-GQ", "text": {"gKL0Vr8j-GQ-00000-00000000-00000200": "Hello Views Welcome To My Channel", "gKL0Vr8j-GQ-00001-00000200-00000400": "Busy Brian Level 139", "gKL0Vr8j-GQ-00002-00001713-00002782": "Please Subscribe My Channel"}}, {"audio_id": "gLtt3i7yH9E", "text": {"gLtt3i7yH9E-00000-00000090-00000190": "Hi everyone.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00001-00000190-00000500": "Alex Roy here, your trusted John L Scott Realtor.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00002-00000500-00001003": "What does a Realtor do when Portland is being inundated with rain and ice outside?", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00003-00001003-00001104": "You shoot a video.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00004-00001104-00001578": "That's why I'm coming to you from our offices on Woodstock [Blvd.] rather than at some awesome", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00005-00001578-00001916": "[outdoor] location in Portland like I usually like to shoot.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00006-00001916-00002567": "This video this month is all about John L Scott's 2017 forecast.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00007-00002567-00002866": "So what does 2017 have in store for us?", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00008-00002866-00003115": "Well I think we can break it down into three main points.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00009-00003115-00003399": "Point number one, job growth.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00010-00003399-00003693": "According to sources, job growth in Portland has,", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00011-00003693-00004072": "for the last three years, been extremely strong.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00012-00004072-00004403": "But it does look like it will dip in the next two years.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00013-00004403-00004639": "Dip to \"very strong\".", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00014-00004639-00005060": "So things are still looking great for the next two years here in Portland", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00015-00005060-00005296": "and in the Northwest.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00016-00005297-00005627": "Now the second factor, amazing interest rates.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00017-00005627-00006207": "The Federal Reserve has indicated that in 2017 they do plan to raise interest rates", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00018-00006207-00006307": "further.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00019-00006307-00006708": "But the National Association of Realtors predicts that interest rates, by year's end, are only", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00020-00006708-00007508": "going to reach 4.6%, which is still a great rate, amazingly low in a historic perspective.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00021-00007508-00007940": "Its a great time for buyers to be shopping in 2017.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00022-00008114-00008686": "And the third and final thing to consider in our forecast for 2017 is the very low inventory", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00023-00008686-00008842": "here in Portland.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00024-00008842-00009409": "At the end of 2016 we were only at 1.3 months worth of inventory, which is only slightly", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00025-00009409-00009762": "better than what we were doing at the end of 2015.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00026-00009762-00010212": "So, we can expect that there is going to be a lot of competition on homes, especially", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00027-00010212-00010664": "in that $200,000 to $350,000 price range.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00028-00010664-00010769": "So there you have it.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00029-00010769-00011042": "John L Scott's forecast for 2017.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00030-00011042-00011471": "Now, knowledge is power and I'm sure you want to be a savvy buyer or seller.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00031-00011471-00011828": "So to get the inside scoop, give me a call or shoot me an email any time.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00032-00011828-00012314": "Always happy to go for coffee and chat about what's happening in Portland's housing market.", "gLtt3i7yH9E-00033-00012314-00012586": "I'm Alex Roy, working hard for your success."}}, {"audio_id": "gLJmwIe5tTu", "text": {"gLJmwIe5tTu-00000-00000006-00000573": "JayKay and mushrooms: farewell to the season, 31.10.2022", "gLJmwIe5tTu-00001-00000728-00001249": "Hi, it´s 31.10.2022. We are back on plantation with orange birch bolete. This is farewell party with season.", "gLJmwIe5tTu-00002-00001305-00001754": "And orange guys have prepared such nice present", "gLJmwIe5tTu-00003-00001874-00002084": "Nice end of season.", "gLJmwIe5tTu-00004-00002184-00002499": "OK, challenge accepted. I will take this guy with me.", "gLJmwIe5tTu-00005-00003172-00003845": "Here is set of orange mushrooms, but the right one is this piece, the other isn´t ours.", "gLJmwIe5tTu-00006-00003995-00004146": "This one is OK.", "gLJmwIe5tTu-00007-00004275-00004408": "I´m gonna clear it later.", "gLJmwIe5tTu-00008-00004466-00004953": "Birch bolete! And next to him another bolete.", "gLJmwIe5tTu-00009-00004985-00005555": "So one third of the basket is filled.", "gLJmwIe5tTu-00010-00005708-00006018": "I am getting ready to go home, but suddenly:", "gLJmwIe5tTu-00011-00006392-00006832": "Smith´s bolete, small one, another two,"}}, {"audio_id": "gLZMSK5U5oI", "text": {"gLZMSK5U5oI-00000-00000228-00000428": "It did come up...", "gLZMSK5U5oI-00001-00002086-00002286": "too scared to go back", "gLZMSK5U5oI-00002-00003025-00003225": "hug me please"}}, {"audio_id": "gMmkGyp8I4u", "text": {"gMmkGyp8I4u-00000-00001666-00002263": "একা বেঁচে থাকতে শেখো প্রিয়", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00001-00002263-00003263": "তোমার নামে শিরনি দিয়েছি, তারার মাজারে", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00002-00003263-00003863": "আশা রাখি সুস্থ হয়ে উঠবে তাড়াতাড়ি", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00003-00003863-00004663": "আমার নিরাগ লাগে ভারি কবে ছোঁবো সাদা শাড়ি?", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00004-00005163-00005563": "আমায় নিয়ে আর ভেবোনা আরাম প্রিয়", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00005-00005563-00006463": "মনে স্বস্তি জেনো, শুধুই ফুর্তি মেনো", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00006-00006463-00008063": "দোলনচাঁপার মৌসুমে আমি টানছি ইতি এবার তোমার বদ্ধ ঘরে শোবার স্বভাব না করেছি ক'বার?", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00007-00008063-00009863": "তোমায় কে দিয়েছে নিকষকালো রাতের যোগান? তোমায় কে দিয়েছে নিকষকালো রাতের যোগান?", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00008-00009863-00010563": "একা বেঁচে থাকতে শেখো প্রিয়", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00009-00010563-00011563": "তোমার নামে শিরনি দিয়েছি, তারার মাজারে", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00010-00012663-00013363": "তোমার মনের গতি...", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00011-00013663-00014063": "তোমার মনের গতি রাতের দূরপাল্লার গাড়ি", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00012-00014063-00015063": "আমি ধরতেও না পারি, আমি ক্যামনে যাবো বাড়ি", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00013-00015063-00015763": "তোমার মনের গতি রাতের দূরপাল্লার গাড়ি", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00014-00015763-00016563": "আমি ধরতেও না পারি, আমি ক্যামনে যাবো বাড়ি", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00015-00016863-00017363": "টিকিট কেটে রেখেছিলাম যাত্রা সময় ভুলে", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00016-00017463-00017863": "এখন ইষ্টিশনে বেজায় অন্ধকার", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00017-00018063-00019963": "তোমায় কে দিয়েছে নিকষকালো রাতের যোগান? তোমায় কে দিয়েছে নিকষকালো রাতের যোগান?", "gMmkGyp8I4u-00018-00019963-00020663": "একা বেঁচে থাকতে শেখো প্রিয়"}}, {"audio_id": "gMng2B7mEkY", "text": {"gMng2B7mEkY-00000-00000028-00000128": "Hi.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00001-00000128-00000362": "My name is Cindy Castillo with Castillo Law.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00002-00000362-00001905": "Today, I'd like to talk to you about Sex Crimes in the State of Arizona.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00003-00001905-00002248": "Sex Crimes in the State of Arizona are treated very harshly.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00004-00002248-00002869": "It's important for you to understand that if you are being investigated for a sex crime", "gMng2B7mEkY-00005-00002869-00003184": "that you contact an attorney right away.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00006-00003184-00003789": "The reason for this is that you could received a call from the victim that is being recorded", "gMng2B7mEkY-00007-00003789-00003957": "by officers.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00008-00003957-00004673": "In this phone call you might be lured into admitting something that you may not have", "gMng2B7mEkY-00009-00004673-00005105": "done, but inadvertently say that you did do it.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00010-00005105-00005607": "It's also important that you understand that other agencies might be investigating you", "gMng2B7mEkY-00011-00005607-00005778": "at the same time.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00012-00005778-00006317": "For example, CPS may contact you and want to talk to you about something that happened", "gMng2B7mEkY-00013-00006317-00006831": "with your child, you may not even realized that you're also being investigated for a", "gMng2B7mEkY-00014-00006831-00006963": "criminal offense.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00015-00006963-00007535": "Again, it's very important to get an attorney involved right away if you suspect that you", "gMng2B7mEkY-00016-00007535-00008042": "are being investigated for a sex crime in the State of Arizona.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00017-00008042-00008556": "There are many things that are defense attorney can do that's experienced in these types of", "gMng2B7mEkY-00018-00008556-00008983": "crimes in order to prevent these crimes from going forward.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00019-00008983-00009733": "Most of these crimes result in prisons sentences, most of these crimes result in you having", "gMng2B7mEkY-00020-00009733-00010022": "to register as a sex offender.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00021-00010022-00010615": "This means that anywhere you move to you will have to register as a sex offender.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00022-00010615-00011288": "This means that you may also end up having to tell your employers that you are a sex", "gMng2B7mEkY-00023-00011288-00011388": "offender.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00024-00011388-00011861": "This may mean that you maybe prevented from having certain types of jobs in the State", "gMng2B7mEkY-00025-00011861-00012013": "of Arizona.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00026-00012013-00012517": "Sex offense are treated very harshly in the State of Arizona, and it's important for you", "gMng2B7mEkY-00027-00012517-00012825": "to get an attorney on the case right away.", "gMng2B7mEkY-00028-00012825-00015719": "Please feel free to contact me, I offer free consultations."}}, {"audio_id": "gN8Q6vzi8u4", "text": {"gN8Q6vzi8u4-00000-00000000-00000023": "[Service Management – Caitlin Rofe, Indigenous Driver Licensing Unit]", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00001-00000023-00000384": "Hi, my name is Caitlin Rofe. I'm a proud First Nations Wakka Wakka and Gkuthaarn", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00002-00000384-00000817": "Kutijar women currently residing on Gimuy-walubarra Yidi land (Cairns)", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00003-00000817-00001160": "[How long have you been working with TMR?]", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00004-00001160-00001904": "So I first started with TMR in 1st November 2010. So just a little over 10 years.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00005-00001904-00002328": "[What is the Indigenous Driver Licensing Program?]", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00006-00002328-00002560": "So the Indigenous Driver Licensing", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00007-00002688-00003232": "Program is a mobile team that visits our Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00008-00003232-00003888": "communities in the Cape York Peninsula area, Gulf of Carpentaria and Torres Strait Islander regions.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00009-00004024-00004464": "We're a team of 6 so we go out and provide", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00010-00004648-00005280": "anything to do with licensing. So learner licensing, driving tests for cars up to", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00011-00005400-00006192": "HC licensing. We also do identification cards and also promote road safety awareness as well.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00012-00006192-00006648": "[What role does the Indigenous Driver Licensing program have in remote communities?]", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00013-00006648-00007248": "Indigenous driver licensing. We play a very important role in these remote area communities", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00014-00007472-00007784": "by allowing community members to access", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00015-00007784-00008352": "licensing products that they may not be able to receive in their areas.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00016-00008416-00009016": "Due to lack of services in remote areas, community members may not", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00017-00009144-00009680": "always feel comfortable with going to other services in their community.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00018-00009736-00010296": "Therefore, when IDLU come to town, I think everyone has a positive view", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00019-00010296-00010736": "and they know they can come down and talk to us about gaining a licence.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00020-00010736-00010994": "[How is the Indigenous Driver Licensing Program providing", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00021-00010994-00011200": "better outcomes for Remote Community Members?]", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00022-00011200-00011680": "In mainstream, we know that we can just go into a customer service centre and this is what we need", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00023-00011680-00012392": "to do, and we can go back and understand 'Yes to book a driving test this is what I have to do.'", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00024-00012608-00013376": "However, in communities, that's not always how it works. So for IDLU to be out in communities and", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00025-00013376-00014184": "delivering a licence service, that also leads into employment as well. It's addressing those barriers", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00026-00014304-00015104": "where community members need that licence for employment, for medical reasons.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00027-00015368-00015840": "There may be only one person in a family household that's eligible for a driver licence,", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00028-00015840-00016128": "and when we come up and we're able to deliver that service,", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00029-00016216-00016992": "I feel that it just motivates people to then want to gain employment. 'I have a licence now.'", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00030-00016992-00017200": "This leads to so many other opportunities.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00031-00017304-00017608": "They can give back to their community by being locally employed.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00032-00017664-00018152": "Or they may even want to leave community. They feel that 'Yep, I can. I have a licence now,", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00033-00018152-00018720": "I can actually go down into mainstream and secure full-time employment elsewhere.'", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00034-00018720-00019160": "[Why is it so important for a team like the Indigenous Driver Licensing Program to exist?]", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00035-00019160-00019992": "Personally, as a young Indigenous female having to go down to the police station to get a licence", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00036-00019992-00020896": "as well, was quite daunting. So and I mean, back then I think I was 16, 17 and it was my", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00037-00020896-00021480": "first time in the police station and sort of going, 'Oh my goodness. What do I do here?’", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00038-00021656-00022304": "So which, which... they were great. Anyway, I got my learners, but having the team that we have and", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00039-00022304-00022896": "going out to these communities, I feel as though people are a lot more comfortable and willing", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00040-00022896-00023688": "to come to see IDLU. Therefore our, this unit plays a very important role with TMR", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00041-00023864-00024080": "with closing, closing the gap as well.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00042-00024080-00024488": "[Has there been a highlight of the program for you personally?]", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00043-00024488-00025464": "A key highlight is every trip we get out there and we have a learner presentation", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00044-00025568-00026504": "that could range between 10 to 20 people and to have, our youth coming and gain a licence", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00045-00026504-00026992": "is a highlight. They walk away and you know that you've changed someone's life with that.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00046-00027152-00027816": "Definitely with driver testing as well, so some customers may have been on their learners for", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00047-00027888-00028352": "forever and we come into town and we educate and promote road safety and then", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00048-00028408-00028848": "assess their eligibility and we can go for a driving test and them walking away going", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00049-00028848-00029272": "'Oh my gosh, I now have an open car licence.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00050-00029272-00029680": "I don't have to rely on family members. I can get around on my own.'", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00051-00029680-00029887": "[What changes have you seen over your time working", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00052-00029887-00030120": "at TMR about how we work with First Nations communities?]", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00053-00030120-00030368": "One of the changes I have witnessed is the", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00054-00030432-00030888": "increase in engagement and collaboration within First Nations communities.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00055-00031072-00031512": "This increase has stemmed from recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00056-00031512-00032383": "communities holding the solutions to issues that directly affect them.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00057-00032383-00032576": "[Why is the community engagement so important?]", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00058-00032576-00032904": "So, like all programmes being implemented in Community,", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00059-00032904-00033384": "in order to be most effective, we require the support and participation from all members,", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00060-00033384-00033984": "be it the local council organisations such as job networks or individual community members as well.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00061-00033984-00034744": "So I guess allowing community to have ownership or, you know,", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00062-00035128-00035800": "community control, basically so they are able to have an input on how they", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00063-00035880-00036288": "want to run the community, how they see where IDLU sits in this role.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00064-00036288-00036944": "So I think definitely our relationship building has increased, definitely.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00065-00036944-00037148": "[Where do you want to see TMR’s partnership with", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00066-00037148-00037384": "First Nations Communities and peoples going in the future?]", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00067-00037384-00038224": "I'd like to see a TMR champion in community. So you know, whether that's, you know, a couple of", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00068-00038304-00039160": "days a week, or just having someone local from that community go out and engage with their people", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00069-00039240-00039848": "and be able to bring it back to IDLU and filter it down to us. I'd also like to see", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00070-00039912-00040664": "TMR working closely with our Department of Justice as well, and trying to capture those", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00071-00040736-00041384": "issues that happen in courts while also having that TMR champion say ‘well, I went to court today", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00072-00041384-00041984": "and this many people were disqualified licensing’ and bring it back to us and go OK,", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00073-00041984-00043000": "well there's a really big need in that community for IDLU to be there.", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00074-00043000-00043289": "[First Nations Partnerships, Queensland Government. Music:", "gN8Q6vzi8u4-00075-00043289-00043456": "Sandyrb Didgeridoo 01 by sandyrb]"}}, {"audio_id": "gNoGUy3K--4", "text": {"gNoGUy3K--4-00000-00000653-00000902": "Hello Everyone!", "gNoGUy3K--4-00001-00000902-00001598": "A man is walking along a steep cliff on a foggy morning.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00002-00001598-00002081": "He accidentally gets too close to the edge and falls off the cliff.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00003-00002081-00002783": "On the way down, he manages to grab hold of a small branch which is sticking out off the", "gNoGUy3K--4-00004-00002783-00003026": "cliff.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00005-00003026-00003629": "And there he hangs, unable to climb up the cliff and at the same time afraid to let go", "gNoGUy3K--4-00006-00003629-00003757": "of the branch.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00007-00003757-00004021": "He screams, \"Help!", "gNoGUy3K--4-00008-00004021-00004121": "Help!", "gNoGUy3K--4-00009-00004121-00004257": "Is anybody there?\"", "gNoGUy3K--4-00010-00004257-00004743": "There is a long silence.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00011-00004743-00005173": "He yells again, \"Is anybody there?", "gNoGUy3K--4-00012-00005173-00005601": "This time he hears a loud voice from above, \"Yes, Yes!\"", "gNoGUy3K--4-00013-00005601-00006289": "The man asks, \"Who are you?\"", "gNoGUy3K--4-00014-00006289-00006812": "The voice says, \"Oh, my son, I am God.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00015-00006812-00007627": "Just let go of the branch and my angels will catch you and bring you to paradise.\"", "gNoGUy3K--4-00016-00007627-00008331": "Some seconds go by, and then the man shouts again, \"Is anybody there?\"", "gNoGUy3K--4-00017-00008331-00009279": "\"My son,\" booms the voice from above, \"I told you, I am God and I am here!", "gNoGUy3K--4-00018-00009279-00009386": "Trust me!\"", "gNoGUy3K--4-00019-00009386-00009726": "The man says, \"God!", "gNoGUy3K--4-00020-00009726-00010005": "I know you are there.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00021-00010005-00010525": "But is anybody else out there?\"", "gNoGUy3K--4-00022-00010525-00011028": "Have you ever been desperate like the man in the story?", "gNoGUy3K--4-00023-00011028-00011388": "Have you called on God in desperate time?", "gNoGUy3K--4-00024-00011388-00011971": "I am sure we all have.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00025-00011971-00012379": "Have you heard his voice?", "gNoGUy3K--4-00026-00012379-00012761": "And have you obeyed his commands?", "gNoGUy3K--4-00027-00012761-00013641": "Many times we want to know the plan of God; we want God to speak to us but when He does", "gNoGUy3K--4-00028-00013641-00014772": "reveal His plan or speak to us we do not accept it for it sounds too scary and too difficult.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00029-00014772-00015113": "So we decide to look elsewhere.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00030-00015113-00015352": "Don't we?", "gNoGUy3K--4-00031-00015352-00016331": "In today's gospel we hear Jesus saying, \"My sheep hear my voice, and I know them and they", "gNoGUy3K--4-00032-00016331-00016647": "follow Me.\"", "gNoGUy3K--4-00033-00016647-00017362": "Jesus uses the images of shepherd and sheep to signify the intimacy and trust between", "gNoGUy3K--4-00034-00017362-00017784": "Jesus and his followers.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00035-00017784-00018743": "Jesus is very confident that his followers would hear his voice and obey his commandments.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00036-00018743-00019584": "In other words true believers in Jesus Christ desire the voice of Jesus Christ; recognize", "gNoGUy3K--4-00037-00019584-00020104": "him as their shepherd and follow him.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00038-00020104-00020773": "The reward for hearing and obeying His voice is eternal life.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00039-00020773-00021159": "Jesus says, \"They will never perish.\"", "gNoGUy3K--4-00040-00021159-00022017": "As long as the sheep listen to his voice and go where he leads, they are safe.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00041-00022017-00022847": "Do we hear and obey his voice when he calls us or speaks to us?", "gNoGUy3K--4-00042-00022847-00023640": "The greatest challenge for us is what Jesus says may not be always desirable but it is", "gNoGUy3K--4-00043-00023640-00023961": "the truth.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00044-00023961-00024823": "Many times Jesus' word is indeed a bitter pill to swallow.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00045-00024823-00025652": "Sometime ago a friend brought a devout evangelical Christian woman to see me.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00046-00025652-00026302": "I was a bit surprised that she wanted to talk to a Catholic priest.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00047-00026302-00027038": "I was told that she was troubled by something and she wanted some guidance to find comfort", "gNoGUy3K--4-00048-00027038-00027523": "and peace through her faith in God.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00049-00027523-00027857": "While telling me her story she kept crying.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00050-00027857-00028683": "To make a long story short, she has been angry and upset with her only daughter who seems", "gNoGUy3K--4-00051-00028683-00029158": "to engage in casual dating.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00052-00029158-00029866": "She is in desperation that her daughter shows no concern for negative consequences of her", "gNoGUy3K--4-00053-00029866-00030656": "immoral behavior while her husband is completely oblivious to the whole thing.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00054-00030656-00031752": "Sadly her daughter has also undergone an abortion for which she was also partly responsible.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00055-00031752-00032355": "To avoid embarrassment, inconvenience and responsibility, she had encouraged her daughter", "gNoGUy3K--4-00056-00032355-00032605": "to abort the child.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00057-00032605-00033422": "At the same time she began to question why God had not answered her prayers and make", "gNoGUy3K--4-00058-00033422-00033909": "her daughter and husband Christians.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00059-00033909-00034527": "Disappointed with God, she started to isolate herself from her family and withdraw from", "gNoGUy3K--4-00060-00034527-00034836": "her social activities and church friends.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00061-00034836-00035785": "But still she knew that deep inside, there was something very wrong with her life and", "gNoGUy3K--4-00062-00035785-00035892": "actions.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00063-00035892-00037056": "Hidden in her story were feelings of shame, despair, frustration, anger, hatred and hurt.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00064-00037056-00037894": "So I suggested to her that perhaps God today wants her to seek the power of the Holy Spirit", "gNoGUy3K--4-00065-00037894-00038618": "for healing and reconciliation for herself first before she helps her daughter to heal", "gNoGUy3K--4-00066-00038618-00039311": "and grow, and change her life, and bring her husband to the Faith.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00067-00039311-00040234": "But she kept insisting that she could not forgive herself and her daughter, and asked", "gNoGUy3K--4-00068-00040234-00040978": "me if there was any other way that she could find peace.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00069-00040978-00041486": "She was asking for some other plan of God.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00070-00041486-00041797": "She came to hear the voice of God.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00071-00041797-00042333": "I realized that God was truly talking to her through me.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00072-00042333-00042659": "And yet she wanted her own way.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00073-00042659-00043484": "I reminded her of the words of Jesus said of himself, \"I am the Way, the Truth and the", "gNoGUy3K--4-00074-00043484-00044418": "Life\", and that Jesus has left no other option open to her.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00075-00044418-00045137": "Not only this desperate mom but all of us have a problem with the voice or the teaching", "gNoGUy3K--4-00076-00045137-00045237": "of Jesus.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00077-00045237-00046187": "We may like to hear and follow everybody else but not Jesus because we are fearful of what", "gNoGUy3K--4-00078-00046187-00046421": "he will tell us.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00079-00046421-00047349": "We often hear and know that Jesus is the Way, the Truth and the Life but still lack the", "gNoGUy3K--4-00080-00047349-00047536": "courage to follow Him.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00081-00047536-00048653": "We tend to say, \"It is impossible; I cannot do it and I do not want to do it.\"", "gNoGUy3K--4-00082-00048653-00049305": "Friends, let us make Jesus more and more the center of our life.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00083-00049305-00050205": "The more we make Jesus the center of our life, and the more we do what Jesus asks us to do,", "gNoGUy3K--4-00084-00050205-00051025": "the more we will follow Jesus who is the Way, the Truth and the Life, and the better our", "gNoGUy3K--4-00085-00051025-00051276": "life will be.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00086-00051276-00052557": "Let us now and always pray humbly: \"Lord, I am here, I want to hear your voice.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00087-00052557-00053544": "I desire to know your will, so speak to me, and I will listen and faithfully obey your", "gNoGUy3K--4-00088-00053544-00053644": "voice.\"", "gNoGUy3K--4-00089-00053644-00053744": "Amen.", "gNoGUy3K--4-00090-00053744-00053835": "God Bless You!"}}, {"audio_id": "gNIQUs328n4", "text": {"gNIQUs328n4-00000-00000000-00000200": "Reflections"}}, {"audio_id": "gpg5PiZj8YA", "text": {"gpg5PiZj8YA-00001-00000504-00000554": "आप को हमारा यह Trick  केसा लगा    Comment karae"}}, {"audio_id": "gprNTG_YW50", "text": {"gprNTG_YW50-00000-00001098-00001468": "Halo, my name is Surya", "gprNTG_YW50-00001-00001564-00001807": "How are you?", "gprNTG_YW50-00002-00001923-00002078": "You're beautiful", "gprNTG_YW50-00003-00002224-00002548": "I miss you", "gprNTG_YW50-00004-00002724-00002978": "I like you", "gprNTG_YW50-00005-00003196-00003402": "I love you", "gprNTG_YW50-00006-00003529-00003702": "Happy", "gprNTG_YW50-00007-00003829-00003979": "Sad", "gprNTG_YW50-00008-00004038-00004236": "Hungry", "gprNTG_YW50-00009-00004308-00004468": "Upset", "gprNTG_YW50-00010-00004612-00004808": "Angry", "gprNTG_YW50-00011-00004944-00005090": "Feeling Sick", "gprNTG_YW50-00012-00005206-00005384": "Spirit", "gprNTG_YW50-00013-00005482-00005644": "Thank you", "gprNTG_YW50-00014-00005794-00005912": "You're welcome", "gprNTG_YW50-00015-00006086-00006334": "What other words in sign language you want to know?", "gprNTG_YW50-00016-00006334-00006514": "Leave a comment down below!"}}, {"audio_id": "gpPDwr67vtc", "text": {"gpPDwr67vtc-00000-00000000-00000400": "I can clearly see you....."}}, {"audio_id": "gpQKGteBgG4", "text": {"gpQKGteBgG4-00000-00000934-00001242": "Is grape juice Haram? If so, why?", "gpQKGteBgG4-00001-00001734-00001892": "Last year I think this issue had come up about the", "gpQKGteBgG4-00002-00001904-00002660": "grape juice and the issue was that there is fermentation in it and therefore, the", "gpQKGteBgG4-00003-00002660-00003548": "issue of you know, sukran and intoxication, therefore, it is it is Haram.", "gpQKGteBgG4-00004-00003548-00004004": "But we looked into it and I asked some of those who are experts in it and they", "gpQKGteBgG4-00005-00004004-00004580": "say the fermentation is not on that level that it becomes, you know,", "gpQKGteBgG4-00006-00004580-00005023": "intoxicating so it should be okay."}}, {"audio_id": "gOq7jYo64IY", "text": {"gOq7jYo64IY-00000-00001072-00001512": "hi my name is jerome i'm going to do a video on how to create more space to the right", "gOq7jYo64IY-00001-00001512-00001952": "of the chart a lot of times when you bring a chart up it's all bunched up here on the right", "gOq7jYo64IY-00002-00001952-00002448": "and it just feels crowded so if you want more space to the right automatically all you need", "gOq7jYo64IY-00003-00002448-00003120": "to do is click the right mouse go to properties and right up here says right side margin these", "gOq7jYo64IY-00004-00003120-00003800": "are pixels so let's just put in whatever value you want hit the enter key and it will automatically", "gOq7jYo64IY-00005-00003800-00004432": "put it right up here on the right i'll show you what it looks like without it this is", "gOq7jYo64IY-00006-00004432-00004904": "what it normally looks like and then again you can change it by going to properties", "gOq7jYo64IY-00007-00004984-00005784": "and make it whatever value i use 150 and it just makes it a little bit more cleaner to", "gOq7jYo64IY-00008-00005872-00007184": "not feel so bunched up on the right thank you so much"}}, {"audio_id": "gOrtuIYUsRy", "text": {"gOrtuIYUsRy-00000-00000014-00000458": "AUJOURD'HUI LE 19 AVRIL 2023, LES FORCES ARMÉE DE LA FÉDÉRATION DE RUSSIE POURSUIT SON", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00001-00000458-00000718": "OPÉRATION MILITAIRE SPÉCIALE EN UKRAINE.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00002-00000718-00001200": "Dans la direction de Kupyansk, des frappes d'assaut et d'aviation de l'armée, des tirs", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00003-00001200-00001616": "d'artillerie et des systèmes de lance-flammes lourds du groupe de forces \"occidental\" ont", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00004-00001616-00001905": "frappé des unités ennemies dans les zones des colonies de Novoselovskoye de la République", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00005-00001905-00002532": "populaire de Lougansk, Kotlyarovka, Zagoruykovka, Ivanovka et Pershotravneve de la région de", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00006-00002532-00002632": "Kharkov.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00007-00002632-00003051": "Un dépôt de munitions de la 3e brigade de chars des forces armées ukrainiennes a été", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00008-00003051-00003185": "détruit près de la colonie de Dvurechnaya.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00009-00003185-00003621": "En outre, les actions de deux groupes ukrainiens de sabotage et de reconnaissance ont été", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00010-00003621-00004048": "réprimées dans les zones des colonies de Sinkovka et d'Orlyanske dans la région de", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00011-00004048-00004148": "Kharkiv.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00012-00004148-00004551": "Au cours de la journée, plus de 120 militaires ukrainiens, un char, deux véhicules de combat", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00013-00004551-00005043": "blindés, deux voitures, ainsi qu'un véhicule de combat Grad MLRS ont été détruits dans", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00014-00005043-00005143": "cette direction.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00015-00005143-00005493": "Dans la direction Krasno-Limansky, les frappes de l'aviation opérationnelle et tactique", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00016-00005493-00005946": "et de l'armée, les tirs d'artillerie du groupe de troupes \"Centre\" ont vaincu les unités", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00017-00005946-00006345": "des Forces armées ukrainiennes dans les zones des colonies de Nevskoye, Chervonaya Dibrova", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00018-00006345-00006845": "de la République populaire de Lougansk et Grigorovka de la République populaire de", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00019-00006845-00006945": "Donetsk.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00020-00006945-00007256": "Les pertes de l'ennemi se sont élevées à 75 militaires ukrainiens, ainsi qu'à deux", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00021-00007256-00007417": "véhicules de combat blindés.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00022-00007417-00007883": "Dans la direction de Donetsk, des détachements d'assaut ont libéré les trois quarts des", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00023-00007883-00008310": "parties nord-ouest, centre et sud-ouest de la ville d'Artemovsk en une journée.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00024-00008310-00008438": "Les troupes aéroportées ont bloqué la ville depuis les périphéries nord et sud.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00025-00008438-00008625": "L'aviation opérationnelle-tactique et militaire, l'artillerie du groupe de troupes \"Sud\" ont", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00026-00008625-00009424": "soutenu les actions des détachements d'assaut.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00027-00009424-00009841": "Au cours de la dernière journée, l'aviation a effectué quatre sorties, l'artillerie du", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00028-00009841-00010071": "groupe a effectué 67 missions de tir.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00029-00010071-00010538": "Dans les zones des colonies de Stupochki, Krasnoye de la République populaire de Donetsk,", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00030-00010538-00011045": "ainsi que dans les parties nord-ouest et centrale de la ville d'Artemovsk, les tentatives des", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00031-00011045-00011488": "forces armées ukrainiennes de contre-attaquer les détachements d'assaut ont été contrecarrées.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00032-00011488-00011870": "Un dépôt de munitions de la 68e brigade mécanisée des forces armées ukrainiennes", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00033-00011870-00012371": "a été détruit près de la colonie de Krasnogorovka dans la République populaire de Donetsk.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00034-00012371-00012742": "Les pertes ennemies par jour s'élevaient à 380 militaires ukrainiens, un char, deux", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00035-00012742-00013309": "véhicules de combat d'infanterie, cinq véhicules de combat blindés, huit véhicules, une monture", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00036-00013309-00013678": "d'artillerie automotrice Akatsiya, un obusier D-20 et un véhicule de combat Grad MLRS.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00037-00013678-00014058": "Dans les directions sud-Donetsk et Zaporozhye, des frappes opérationnelles et tactiques", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00038-00014058-00014606": "et de l'aviation de l'armée, des tirs d'artillerie du groupe de troupes Vostok ont ​​touché", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00039-00014606-00015016": "des unités ennemies dans les zones des colonies de Vuhledar, Pavlovka de la République populaire", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00040-00015016-00015581": "de Donetsk, Chervonoe, Malaya Tokmachka et Kamenskoye de la région de Zaporozhye.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00041-00015581-00016044": "En outre, dans les zones des colonies de Vladimirovka et Neskuchnoe de la République populaire", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00042-00016044-00016509": "de Donetsk, les actions de deux groupes ukrainiens de sabotage et de reconnaissance ont été", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00043-00016509-00016609": "arrêtées.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00044-00016609-00016926": "Au cours de la dernière journée, les pertes ennemies dans ces zones se sont élevées", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00045-00016926-00017301": "à 120 militaires ukrainiens, deux véhicules de combat blindés, deux véhicules et l'obusier", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00046-00017301-00017401": "Msta-B.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00047-00017401-00017892": "Dans la direction de Kherson, à la suite de dégâts causés par le feu, jusqu'à 30", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00048-00017892-00018251": "militaires ukrainiens, deux voitures, une monture d'artillerie automotrice Gvozdika", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00049-00018251-00018567": "et un obusier D-30 ont été détruits en une journée.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00050-00018567-00018926": "Un dépôt de munitions de la 126e brigade de défense territoriale a été détruit", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00051-00018926-00019279": "près du village de Zmievka, dans la région de Kherson.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00052-00019279-00019723": "L'aviation opérationnelle et tactique et militaire, les troupes de missiles et l'artillerie", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00053-00019723-00020059": "des groupes de troupes (forces) des Forces armées de la Fédération de Russie au cours", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00054-00020059-00020693": "de la journée ont vaincu 98 unités d'artillerie des Forces armées ukrainiennes sur des positions", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00055-00020693-00021033": "de tir, des effectifs et du matériel dans 133 districts.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00056-00021033-00021430": "Dans la zone de la colonie de Seversk Maly de la République populaire de Donetsk, un", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00057-00021430-00021901": "ponton induit par les forces armées ukrainiennes sur la rivière Seversky Donets a été détruit.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00058-00021901-00022317": "Le poste de commandement et d'observation du bataillon de la 110e brigade mécanisée", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00059-00022317-00022713": "des Forces armées ukrainiennes a été touché près du village d'Avdiivka dans la République", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00060-00022713-00022917": "populaire de Donetsk.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00061-00022917-00023312": "Un dépôt de carburant pour l'équipement militaire de la 17e brigade de chars des forces", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00062-00023312-00023740": "armées ukrainiennes a été détruit près du village de Konstantinovka dans la République", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00063-00023740-00023893": "populaire de Donetsk.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00064-00023893-00024300": "L'aviation des forces aérospatiales russes a abattu trois avions des forces aériennes", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00065-00024300-00024436": "ukrainiennes en une journée, notamment:", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00066-00024436-00024909": "Dans les zones des colonies de Novoukrainka et de Sergeevka de la République populaire", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00067-00024909-00025190": "de Donetsk, deux chasseurs ukrainiens MiG-29 ont été abattus;", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00068-00025190-00025820": "Un avion ukrainien Su-25 a été abattu près du village de Dolgenkoye dans la région de", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00069-00025820-00025920": "Kharkiv.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00070-00025920-00026307": "Un avion Su-25 de l'armée de l'air ukrainienne a été abattu au moyen de la défense aérienne", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00071-00026307-00026889": "dans la zone de la colonie d'Ugledar de la République populaire de Donetsk.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00072-00026889-00027183": "En outre, quatre roquettes du système de lance-roquettes multiples HIMARS ont été", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00073-00027183-00027507": "interceptées et six véhicules aériens sans pilote ukrainiens ont été détruits dans", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00074-00027507-00028003": "les zones des colonies de Podo-Kalinovka dans la région de Kherson, Komsomolskoye de la", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00075-00028003-00028522": "République populaire de Donetsk, Novogorovka, Ilyinka et Chervonopopovka de la République", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00076-00028522-00028691": "populaire de Louhansk.", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00077-00028691-00029466": "Au total, depuis le début de l'opération militaire spéciale, ont été détruits : 411", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00078-00029466-00029835": "avions, 228 hélicoptères, 3 776 véhicules aériens sans pilote, 415 systèmes de missiles", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00079-00029835-00030300": "antiaériens, 8 732 chars et autres véhicules blindés de combat, 1 089 véhicules de combat", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00080-00030300-00030658": "à lancement multiple systèmes de roquettes, 4 619 pièces d'artillerie de campagne et", "gOrtuIYUsRy-00081-00030658-00031178": "mortiers, ainsi que 9 617 unités de véhicules militaires spéciaux."}}, {"audio_id": "gOI5IHgATVE", "text": {"gOI5IHgATVE-00000-00000080-00000347": "So the third most liked question was--", "gOI5IHgATVE-00001-00000347-00000581": "the person who asked the question referring to an article", "gOI5IHgATVE-00002-00000581-00000693": "in The Guardian--", "gOI5IHgATVE-00003-00000693-00000827": "\"so my question is, in light of this article,", "gOI5IHgATVE-00004-00000827-00001019": "what are the expert views on this and when will we", "gOI5IHgATVE-00005-00001019-00001311": "see the wide and affordable use of quantum techniques", "gOI5IHgATVE-00006-00001311-00001414": "in supercomputers?\"", "gOI5IHgATVE-00007-00001414-00001635": "And the article was actually about a Canadian company", "gOI5IHgATVE-00008-00001635-00001880": "called D-Wave who produce what they claim", "gOI5IHgATVE-00009-00001880-00002151": "is a viable quantum computer.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00010-00002151-00002337": "Now I'm not an expert on this, but we", "gOI5IHgATVE-00011-00002337-00002732": "do have an article in the final week talking about the future.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00012-00002732-00002862": "And we have two articles there.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00013-00002862-00003132": "One talking about exascale, which is", "gOI5IHgATVE-00014-00003132-00003285": "the way of increasing supercomputing", "gOI5IHgATVE-00015-00003285-00003522": "power in the conventional way going up", "gOI5IHgATVE-00016-00003522-00003872": "to exaflops which is 1,000 times more than a petaflop", "gOI5IHgATVE-00017-00003872-00004145": "through just adding many more conventional cores.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00018-00004145-00004383": "But there is another article in the section about quantum", "gOI5IHgATVE-00019-00004383-00004632": "computing that was written by a colleague of mine,", "gOI5IHgATVE-00020-00004632-00004891": "Mark Bull, who knows more about it than I do.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00021-00004891-00005142": "But I think I would just say that, to summarise what Mark", "gOI5IHgATVE-00022-00005142-00005469": "says in the article, the point about quantum computing", "gOI5IHgATVE-00023-00005469-00005994": "is that it can solve certain problems extremely quickly,", "gOI5IHgATVE-00024-00005994-00006384": "extremely rapidly, potentially almost infinitely faster", "gOI5IHgATVE-00025-00006384-00006675": "than a conventional computer can", "gOI5IHgATVE-00026-00006675-00006845": "with a conventional algorithm.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00027-00006845-00007065": "However, the number of problems which", "gOI5IHgATVE-00028-00007065-00007236": "are addressable through quantum computing", "gOI5IHgATVE-00029-00007236-00007428": "is currently very, very small.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00030-00007428-00007728": "There are a few algorithms which have", "gOI5IHgATVE-00031-00007728-00007959": "been worked out for solving very specific problems.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00032-00007959-00008151": "And if you want to solve those specific problems,", "gOI5IHgATVE-00033-00008151-00008458": "then quantum computing can, in principle, do it for you.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00034-00008458-00008625": "But at the moment, they are very limited", "gOI5IHgATVE-00035-00008625-00008985": "and they definitely don't apply to the kinds of large scale", "gOI5IHgATVE-00036-00008985-00009264": "numerical simulations that we do in supercomputing.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00037-00009264-00009477": "Now you could argue that's because we phrase", "gOI5IHgATVE-00038-00009477-00009633": "the problem in the wrong way.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00039-00009633-00009924": "We may do weather forecasting the way we do because we have", "gOI5IHgATVE-00040-00009924-00010105": "it fixed in our mind we want to run it", "gOI5IHgATVE-00041-00010105-00010482": "on a large conventional parallel supercomputer.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00042-00010482-00010670": "However, a lot of people are looking at this.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00043-00010670-00010907": "There's a lot of research going on into quantum computing", "gOI5IHgATVE-00044-00010907-00011262": "algorithms, but currently only a very small class of problems", "gOI5IHgATVE-00045-00011262-00011451": "are addressable through quantum computing.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00046-00011451-00011688": "The other thing which Mark touches on in his article", "gOI5IHgATVE-00047-00011688-00011904": "is the D-Wave machine.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00048-00011904-00012150": "There's some debate about how much of a quantum computer it", "gOI5IHgATVE-00049-00012150-00012465": "is, but whether or not it is doing quantum computing,", "gOI5IHgATVE-00050-00012465-00012768": "it's not doing quantum computing in the way which is currently--", "gOI5IHgATVE-00051-00012768-00012960": "which is normally meant.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00052-00012960-00013140": "What is normally meant by quantum computing", "gOI5IHgATVE-00053-00013140-00013353": "is replacing the classical zero / one", "gOI5IHgATVE-00054-00013353-00013644": "bits that we have in a normal computer,", "gOI5IHgATVE-00055-00013644-00014127": "with these qubits, which are quantum bits which can be", "gOI5IHgATVE-00056-00014127-00014265": "in a superposition of states.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00057-00014265-00014622": "They can be partly zero and partly one at the same time.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00058-00014622-00014972": "And through manipulating these in the correct way, which", "gOI5IHgATVE-00059-00014972-00015258": "you can create algorithms methods of solving problems", "gOI5IHgATVE-00060-00015258-00015494": "which are simply completely different from what you", "gOI5IHgATVE-00061-00015494-00015651": "do in a conventional computer.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00062-00015651-00015863": "But I would encourage you to read the article, when", "gOI5IHgATVE-00063-00015863-00015963": "we can discuss it more.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00064-00015963-00016266": "We have an Ask an Expert session at the end of the final week.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00065-00016266-00016542": "And so at the moment, quantum computing", "gOI5IHgATVE-00066-00016542-00016746": "is a very niche topic, but there is", "gOI5IHgATVE-00067-00016746-00016876": "a lot of research going on into it.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00068-00016876-00017154": "So I don't think I can see it having much an impact", "gOI5IHgATVE-00069-00017154-00017538": "in the near future, but maybe in a few decades, who knows.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00070-00017538-00017883": "But it will require both advances on the hardware side", "gOI5IHgATVE-00071-00017883-00018120": "to build computers which can have", "gOI5IHgATVE-00072-00018120-00018567": "a sufficient number of qubits to address large enough problems,", "gOI5IHgATVE-00073-00018567-00018978": "but more importantly, it will require a lot of advances", "gOI5IHgATVE-00074-00018978-00019518": "on the theoretical side having new techniques to express ways", "gOI5IHgATVE-00075-00019518-00019876": "to solve computational science problems using quantum", "gOI5IHgATVE-00076-00019876-00019926": "computing.", "gOI5IHgATVE-00077-00019926-00020148": "At the moment, I haven't seen any evidence", "gOI5IHgATVE-00078-00020148-00020576": "that there's been any significant progress on that."}}, {"audio_id": "gOJIUebfUa0", "text": {"gOJIUebfUa0-00000-00000775-00001125": "Ashley Isham: Good afternoon from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's, National Conservation", "gOJIUebfUa0-00001-00001125-00001390": "Training Services in Sherpherdstown, West Virginia.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00002-00001390-00001557": "My name is Ashley Isham.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00003-00001557-00002095": "I would like to welcome you to our webinar series held in partnership with the U.S. Geological", "gOJIUebfUa0-00004-00002095-00002630": "Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center in Reston, Virginia.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00005-00002630-00003215": "The NCCWSC Climate Change Science and Management Webinar Series highlights their sponsored", "gOJIUebfUa0-00006-00003215-00003733": "science projects related to climate change impacts and adaptation and aims to increase", "gOJIUebfUa0-00007-00003733-00004205": "awareness and inform participants, like you, about potential and predicted climate change", "gOJIUebfUa0-00008-00004205-00004412": "impacts on fish and wildlife.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00009-00004412-00005087": "I have the pleasure of introducing today's speaker, Dr. David \"Bo\" Bunnell, and he will", "gOJIUebfUa0-00010-00005087-00005816": "be presenting \"Predicted Climate Change Effects on Fisheries Habitat and Production in the", "gOJIUebfUa0-00011-00005816-00005964": "Great Lakes.\"", "gOJIUebfUa0-00012-00005964-00006702": "Bo has been a Research Fishery Biologist at the U.S. Great Lakes Science Center for the", "gOJIUebfUa0-00013-00006702-00006839": "past nine years.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00014-00006839-00007331": "His research focuses on trying to understand the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of", "gOJIUebfUa0-00015-00007331-00007914": "pray fishes in the Great Lakes, with a particular emphasis on the interactions with invasive", "gOJIUebfUa0-00016-00007914-00008211": "species, zooplankton and climate change.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00017-00008211-00008572": "He received his B.S. in biology from the Centre College in Danville, Kentucky.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00018-00008572-00009157": "His M.S. from Clemson University, and his PhD from Ohio State University.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00019-00009157-00009306": "Bo, welcome.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00020-00009306-00009656": "Bo Bunnell: Thank you Ashley.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00021-00009656-00010050": "Today we're going to try to make some linkages between climate change and fisheries habitat", "gOJIUebfUa0-00022-00010050-00010150": "in the Great Lakes.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00023-00010150-00010722": "I just want to say from the start that I am really just a spokesperson of a lot of really", "gOJIUebfUa0-00024-00010722-00011262": "smart people's projects that we have melded together for one sort of synthesis that I'll", "gOJIUebfUa0-00025-00011262-00011362": "present today.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00026-00011362-00011959": "Those include Chuck Madenjian and David Warner from USGS, Brent Lofgren and Marjorie Perroud", "gOJIUebfUa0-00027-00011959-00012621": "from NOAA GLERL, Paris Collingsworth and YuChun Kao from University of Michigan, Randy Claramunt", "gOJIUebfUa0-00028-00012621-00013176": "from Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Carla DeMarchi from Case Western Reserve University,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00029-00013176-00013516": "and Michael Murray from the National Wildlife Federation.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00030-00013516-00014225": "You'll see these names come up as we move through the outline of this talk.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00031-00014225-00014626": "Starting from the global scale, many of you are probably familiar with the projections", "gOJIUebfUa0-00032-00014626-00015109": "that have been forecast.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00033-00015109-00015743": "As you look at the latest forecast from the IPCC, you see a couple of obvious trends.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00034-00015743-00016329": "The first is that the projections for increases in surface temperature are much greater over", "gOJIUebfUa0-00035-00016329-00016810": "land than they over water, and then the increases actually are greater as you move away from", "gOJIUebfUa0-00036-00016810-00016937": "the equator.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00037-00016937-00017895": "When we think about large systems, freshwater systems that occur on land especially at northern", "gOJIUebfUa0-00038-00017895-00018398": "climates, you can imagine they could be disproportionately impacted by changes in climate.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00039-00018398-00018862": "As we look at the research that has been done to date, mostly looking backwards over the", "gOJIUebfUa0-00040-00018862-00019606": "past 50 years or so in these large, deep freshwater lakes, there have been a few consistent changes.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00041-00019606-00020080": "First of all increases in water temperature, especially in surface waters, an increase", "gOJIUebfUa0-00042-00020080-00020418": "in thermal stability and reductions in ice cover.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00043-00020418-00021132": "However, as we look to biological responses or even changes in chemistry, the consistency", "gOJIUebfUa0-00044-00021132-00021411": "has not really been as apparent so far.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00045-00021411-00022305": "Just to give you an example of some of those changes in a few of these particular systems,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00046-00022305-00022638": "one is Lake Baikal in Siberia.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00047-00022638-00023487": "This is a nice synthesis paper by Moore et al. in 2009 showing reductions in ice duration", "gOJIUebfUa0-00048-00023487-00024006": "since World War II or so, so that today there's about 18 days longer without ice.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00049-00024006-00024562": "Also, increases in mean annual water temperature, about two degrees celsius.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00050-00024562-00024958": "As we move to the Laurentian Great Lakes, focusing on some work done in Lake Superior", "gOJIUebfUa0-00051-00024958-00025534": "which is the largest, deepest, and northern most of our Great Lakes.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00052-00025534-00026237": "If we look at the affect of ice cover on other measures of the physical environment from", "gOJIUebfUa0-00053-00026237-00027156": "1979 to 2006, you can see, essentially, that when you have less ice on this side of the", "gOJIUebfUa0-00054-00027156-00027610": "relationship you get an earlier stratification period and you get warmer water temperatures", "gOJIUebfUa0-00055-00027610-00027844": "for different basins of the lake.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00056-00027844-00028525": "Just to give you a sense of how some of these physical parameters have changed through time", "gOJIUebfUa0-00057-00028525-00029116": "and how we might expect them to change in the future through a warming climate.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00058-00029116-00029550": "For those that aren't familiar with our study region, the Laurentian Great Lakes and its", "gOJIUebfUa0-00059-00029550-00030197": "watershed highlighted here in brown is home to more than 30 million U.S. and Canadian", "gOJIUebfUa0-00060-00030197-00030297": "citizens.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00061-00030297-00030553": "It's contains about 20 percent of the world's surface freshwater, and that, in turn, provides", "gOJIUebfUa0-00062-00030553-00030688": "drinking water to tens of millions.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00063-00030688-00031256": "It has 17,000 kilometers of shoreline.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00064-00031256-00031914": "To put that in perspective, that would wrap about halfway around the world's equator.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00065-00031914-00032583": "On those shorelines are numerous recreational activities as indicated by this beach photograph", "gOJIUebfUa0-00066-00032583-00032803": "from Northern Lake Michigan.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00067-00032803-00033396": "When we bring it down to fisheries, they are a key economic driver within our region.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00068-00033396-00033887": "Directly they spend about $2.5 billion in our most recent year of data.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00069-00033887-00034415": "The multiplicative impact of that is about $7 billion.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00070-00034415-00035166": "So they are a key aspect of our economy and also, of course, the ecology of the Great", "gOJIUebfUa0-00071-00035166-00035266": "Lakes.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00072-00035266-00035744": "For our research, we really tried to take a mechanistic approach to try to take atmospheric", "gOJIUebfUa0-00073-00035744-00036547": "climate and take that down to a level here on your right side, an effect on fisheries", "gOJIUebfUa0-00074-00036547-00036647": "management.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00075-00036647-00037216": "To do that we looked for ways in which climate effects could have an influence on fisheries.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00076-00037216-00037711": "A fairly simple example is we might expect less ice cover in the future.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00077-00037711-00038340": "There have been previous papers that have shown a linkage between ice cover for species", "gOJIUebfUa0-00078-00038340-00038869": "such as Lake Whitefish, that's a valuable commercial fishery in the Great Lakes, which", "gOJIUebfUa0-00079-00038869-00039286": "have their eggs over wintering under the ice.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00080-00039286-00039913": "In years in which you have less ice cover to protect those eggs, you tend to get fewer", "gOJIUebfUa0-00081-00039913-00040588": "recruits or fewer number of those eggs that ultimately survive and make it to be in the", "gOJIUebfUa0-00082-00040588-00040688": "fishery.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00083-00040688-00040931": "We can think about multiple climatedriven effects, and just for the sake of time I'm", "gOJIUebfUa0-00084-00040931-00041141": "not going to walk you through this.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00085-00041141-00041755": "Again, the general idea, as will be illustrated throughout the talk, is we can think about", "gOJIUebfUa0-00086-00041755-00041906": "measures of climate.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00087-00041906-00042528": "Think about how those may be mechanistically influencing fish and ultimately how that may", "gOJIUebfUa0-00088-00042528-00042734": "impact fishery management decisions.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00089-00042734-00042942": "Ashley: Excuse me, Bo?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00090-00042942-00043046": "Bo: Yes?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00091-00043046-00043425": "Ashley: Could you please speak up or move a little bit closer to the phone?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00092-00043425-00043698": "We have some participants who are having difficulty hearing you.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00093-00043698-00043798": "Bo: Sure.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00094-00043798-00044104": "Ashley: Thank you very much.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00095-00044104-00045172": "Bo: Our overall conceptual framework then tries to take into account this mechanistic", "gOJIUebfUa0-00096-00045172-00045816": "approach, and to do that we laid out a couple of different scenarios.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00097-00045816-00046358": "First is a retrospective analysis where we use historical data to try to detect climate", "gOJIUebfUa0-00098-00046358-00046663": "signals on biotic variables.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00099-00046663-00046949": "Secondly, we shift to forecasting.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00100-00046949-00047505": "Looking forward, can we develop localized climate predictions for the Great Lakes region", "gOJIUebfUa0-00101-00047505-00048447": "and take those forecasts and, first of all where we find climate signals in our historical", "gOJIUebfUa0-00102-00048447-00049102": "data, try to forecast that response from say a fish in terms of its growth or its recruitment,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00103-00049102-00049800": "or secondly where we have previous understanding of climate impacts on biota, we can apply", "gOJIUebfUa0-00104-00049800-00050177": "that previous understanding to forecast the particular effect.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00105-00050177-00050502": "Is that any better in terms of sound?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00106-00050502-00051147": "Ashley: Doug or Mark, can you hear Bo better?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00107-00051147-00051470": "You can just textchat it in.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00108-00051470-00051940": "Bo: Yeah, because I'm not seeing the textchat.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00109-00051940-00052104": "Ashley: Yeah, that's fine.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00110-00052104-00052344": "I can hear a lot better.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00111-00052344-00052444": "Thank you.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00112-00052444-00052795": "Bo: All right, I'm just speaking louder then.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00113-00052795-00053012": "That really sets the outline for today's talk.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00114-00053012-00053241": "We'll have four minitalks.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00115-00053241-00053851": "The first two are retrospective analysis looking for climate signals, we'll then move into", "gOJIUebfUa0-00116-00053851-00054037": "the forecasting component.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00117-00054037-00054545": "First of all here in number three, where we provide some downscaled climate forecasts,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00118-00054545-00055462": "and then fourth, some forecasts for how growth of a particular fish species could be affected", "gOJIUebfUa0-00119-00055462-00055679": "by these climate regimes.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00120-00055679-00056607": "First is an analysis of primary production in chlorophyll-a, and this work was lead by", "gOJIUebfUa0-00121-00056607-00056983": "David Warner from USGS, and Barry Lesht.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00122-00056983-00057242": "Dave is pictured here with his family.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00123-00057242-00057966": "The idea was to try to detect to what extent climate nutrients and dreissenid mussels are", "gOJIUebfUa0-00124-00057966-00058416": "influencing primary production in the Great Lakes.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00125-00058416-00058770": "Why is it important or why do we care about lake productivity?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00126-00058770-00059353": "At the global scale, there's been tremendous changes in lake trophic status over the past", "gOJIUebfUa0-00127-00059353-00059453": "50 years.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00128-00059453-00060077": "Some lakes like Lake Victoria have been increasing in productivity, eutrophication as we say.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00129-00060077-00060480": "Other lakes like the Laurentian Great Lakes have actually been undergoing an oligotrophication,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00130-00060480-00060758": "a reduction in nutrients to the system.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00131-00060758-00061348": "This productivity affects ecosystem services such as drinking water, recreational opportunities", "gOJIUebfUa0-00132-00061348-00061724": "you don't want to swim where you can't see your toes, for example and then ultimately", "gOJIUebfUa0-00133-00061724-00061889": "production of harvestable fish.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00134-00061889-00062449": "The linkage being phytoplankton supporting zooplankton, which in turn, supports baby", "gOJIUebfUa0-00135-00062449-00062842": "fish, and ultimately the survival of the older fish.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00136-00062842-00063313": "We can think about phytoplankton production, or chlorophyll-a, which is a surrogate for", "gOJIUebfUa0-00137-00063313-00063616": "phytoplankton production, in a couple of different ways.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00138-00063616-00064116": "The first is as a measure of timing.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00139-00064116-00064694": "Typically, what limnologists and ecologists see are these different modes in terms of", "gOJIUebfUa0-00140-00064694-00064907": "peaks of biomass, where phytoplankton tend to bloom first, followed by zooplankton and", "gOJIUebfUa0-00141-00064907-00065007": "fish larvae.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00142-00065007-00065695": "Since the days of the early 20th century, managers and ecologists have been aware of", "gOJIUebfUa0-00143-00065695-00066556": "the overlap necessary between larval fish and zooplankton.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00144-00066556-00066894": "One concern about climate change is that you could get differential responses.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00145-00066894-00067426": "In a lessthanideal situation, you have earlier blooms of phytoplankton.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00146-00067426-00067750": "The zooplankton and fish may not respond in the same way.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00147-00067750-00068205": "You could end up with starvation of larvae or starvation of zooplankton.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00148-00068205-00068843": "The second component, beyond timing, is magnitude.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00149-00068843-00069152": "This is another fairly simple concept, illustrated here.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00150-00069152-00069487": "Essentially, the base of the food web is primary production.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00151-00069487-00070251": "That algae that is produced, fixed carbon from the sun, and ultimately, as you move", "gOJIUebfUa0-00152-00070251-00070878": "up each trophic level, we see a trophic efficiency rate of about 10 percent, on average.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00153-00070878-00071379": "As you widen the width of primary production, or narrow it, ultimately you're going to have", "gOJIUebfUa0-00154-00071379-00071973": "consequences on the fish and the zooplankton that are dependent upon that primary production.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00155-00071973-00072651": "Now, moving to the Great Lakes, both Lakes Michigan and Huron, where Dave's work was", "gOJIUebfUa0-00156-00072651-00073350": "located, this just gives you a sense of that oligotrophication that's been occurring.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00157-00073350-00073796": "We see declines in total phosphorus loading into the Great Lakes.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00158-00073796-00074398": "This is a result of legislation back in 1973 between the United States and Canada, which", "gOJIUebfUa0-00159-00074398-00074870": "eliminated phosphorus being put into washing machine detergents.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00160-00074870-00075562": "We've seen with that a concomitant decline, slowly, in total phosphorus measured in the", "gOJIUebfUa0-00161-00075562-00075662": "spring.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00162-00075662-00076460": "That phosphorus decline has been accelerating since the late 1990's.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00163-00076460-00077120": "That is largely attributed to the proliferation of an invasive species called quagga mussels.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00164-00077120-00077760": "The Great Lakes first had the zebra mussel invasion, which was well publicized.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00165-00077760-00078045": "Now it's almost all quagga mussels.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00166-00078045-00078662": "We can see here by this graph, where chlorophyll A is measured in the summer, this is the time", "gOJIUebfUa0-00167-00078662-00079349": "when Quagga mussels that live on the bottom of the lake should not have access to the", "gOJIUebfUa0-00168-00079349-00079449": "entire water column.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00169-00079449-00079597": "During the summer, of course, the lakes are stratified.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00170-00079597-00080214": "You have a warmer epilimnetic layer on top of a colder hypolimnetic layer.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00171-00080214-00081016": "Essentially, mussels are not able to have all of that phytoplankton from the epilimneon", "gOJIUebfUa0-00172-00081016-00081580": "and metalimneon rain down onto them for their filtration.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00173-00081580-00082145": "Even in the summer time we see a dramatic decrease, over this period when quagga mussels", "gOJIUebfUa0-00174-00082145-00082600": "proliferated, a dramatic decline in chlorophyll-a.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00175-00082600-00083097": "Dave's research questions were, first, has the timing and magnitude of phytoplankton", "gOJIUebfUa0-00176-00083097-00083438": "production changed in these two Great Lakes since 1998?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00177-00083438-00084019": "If so, to what extent can we attribute that to climate or other variables?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00178-00084019-00084823": "The data for this talk is based on satellitederived estimates of lakewide chlorophyll-a and primary", "gOJIUebfUa0-00179-00084823-00084923": "production.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00180-00084923-00085372": "Satellite, here's the snapshot from May 20, 1998.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00181-00085372-00086081": "The color of the water, through algorithms, can estimate how productive that particular", "gOJIUebfUa0-00182-00086081-00086307": "lake is on that given day.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00183-00086307-00086951": "This method of using satellites has been validated, and Dave was interested in looking at this", "gOJIUebfUa0-00184-00086951-00087079": "over two different time periods.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00185-00087079-00087601": "First, the prestratification time period, that is when we assume mussels have full access", "gOJIUebfUa0-00186-00087601-00087754": "to the water column.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00187-00087754-00088555": "Then, the entire year, that is the entire icefree portion of the year, when this technique", "gOJIUebfUa0-00188-00088555-00088655": "can work.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00189-00088655-00089002": "It doesn't work, of course, when ice prevents you from seeing what the color of the water", "gOJIUebfUa0-00190-00089002-00089112": "is.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00191-00089112-00089713": "In terms of the explanatory variables, climate variables included spring air and water temperatures,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00192-00089713-00090275": "spring precipitation, annual air temperatures within the basin and annual water temperatures", "gOJIUebfUa0-00193-00090275-00090375": "in the lake.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00194-00090375-00090475": "Also included the effects of nutrients.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00195-00090475-00091022": "Phosphorus is the limiting nutrient in these freshwater systems, so he looked at not only", "gOJIUebfUa0-00196-00091022-00091594": "how much phosphorus was loaded into the system in any given year, but how much was measured", "gOJIUebfUa0-00197-00091594-00092038": "in the offshore waters by EPA.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00198-00092038-00092666": "Then, lastly, dreissenid mussel densities were included in the model.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00199-00092666-00093332": "In terms of the timing, the analysis was simply, \"Does the bloom occur earlier in warmer years?\"", "gOJIUebfUa0-00200-00093332-00094330": "In terms of the magnitude, he took a multiple linear regression approach, and then used", "gOJIUebfUa0-00201-00094330-00095088": "the information criterion to try to determine what model was most parsimonious, that is,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00202-00095088-00095769": "best explained the data without overfitting the model with all of these parameters.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00203-00095769-00095951": "In terms of the timing, these are the estimates.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00204-00095951-00096705": "The solid line is the estimate for chlorophyll A, the dashed line is the estimate for primary", "gOJIUebfUa0-00205-00096705-00096805": "production.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00206-00096805-00096949": "A couple of things jump out at you.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00207-00096949-00097516": "First of all, primary production, the dashed line, in every year we see the peak in primary", "gOJIUebfUa0-00208-00097516-00097816": "production is occurring after the date of stratification.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00209-00097816-00098825": "The stratification date varies through time, but it's always this solid line I just showed", "gOJIUebfUa0-00210-00098825-00098925": "you.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00211-00098925-00099825": "Chlorophyll-a really differed between 1998 to 2001, so above that red line, and 2002", "gOJIUebfUa0-00212-00099825-00099925": "and later.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00213-00099925-00100225": "Earlier you tended to see peaks, sometimes before, sometimes after the stratification", "gOJIUebfUa0-00214-00100225-00100339": "date.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00215-00100339-00100817": "Some peak in chlorophyll-a might be associated with spring diatom bloom.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00216-00100817-00101201": "After 2002, chlorophyll gets much flatter in most years.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00217-00101201-00101624": "Some years there was a peak, but it occurred much later.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00218-00101624-00102489": "There was no evidence that the timing of phytoplankton production was related to water temperature", "gOJIUebfUa0-00219-00102489-00102883": "between 1998 and 2008.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00220-00102883-00103102": "The magnitude is a little bit different story, however.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00221-00103102-00103899": "This is the average across these two different time periods for both chlorophyll-a and primary", "gOJIUebfUa0-00222-00103899-00103999": "production.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00223-00103999-00104376": "The first model for spring chlorophyll-a, the key driver was nutrients.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00224-00104376-00104919": "It was a positive effect, as you would expect it to be.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00225-00104919-00105421": "Secondly, was a negative effect of dreissenid mussel densities.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00226-00105421-00105855": "No climate variables were included in this best model.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00227-00105855-00106488": "The model for spring primary production, the best model through the information criterion", "gOJIUebfUa0-00228-00106488-00106982": "approach really was not meaningful from any biological sense, in terms of its rsquared", "gOJIUebfUa0-00229-00106982-00107399": "was quite low.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00230-00107399-00107984": "Shifting then to chlorophyll-a over the entire icefree period, again a negative effect of", "gOJIUebfUa0-00231-00107984-00108133": "dreissenid mussel densities.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00232-00108133-00108560": "Then, curiously, we have a negative effect of water temperature, but a positive effect", "gOJIUebfUa0-00233-00108560-00108684": "of air temperature.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00234-00108684-00109332": "Now, Dave did do the diagnostics for colinearity and both of these were permitted to be included", "gOJIUebfUa0-00235-00109332-00109532": "within this multiple regression model.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00236-00109532-00110124": "If we think about some of the potential explanations for this, and this is speculation, we can", "gOJIUebfUa0-00237-00110124-00110739": "imagine a positive relationship between temperature and chlorophyll-a, because we know that up", "gOJIUebfUa0-00238-00110739-00111225": "to a given point, carbon fixation increases with temperature, which is why we saw higher", "gOJIUebfUa0-00239-00111225-00111622": "primary production in the summer than in the spring.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00240-00111622-00112084": "Another potential explanation could be that in colder years, you have later stratification.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00241-00112084-00112543": "Therefore, you're increasing the time in which muscles have access to the entire water column,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00242-00112543-00112747": "greater access to phytoplankton.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00243-00112747-00113057": "Therefore, you would have reduction in chlorophyll-a.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00244-00113057-00113708": "Alternatively, you might think about another topdown response where an inverse relationship,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00245-00113708-00114307": "as was indicated by water temperature, could be the result of zooplankton grazing.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00246-00114307-00114861": "Zooplankton also are more productive, consume more, grow more, in the warmer temperatures", "gOJIUebfUa0-00247-00114861-00114961": "than in the colder water temperatures.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00248-00114961-00115577": "This could be an explanation for the negative relationship.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00249-00115577-00116125": "For primary production, again it was a positive effect of climate, of air temperature, and", "gOJIUebfUa0-00250-00116125-00116579": "a negative effect of dreissenid mussel muscle densities.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00251-00116579-00117061": "In conclusion, in terms of the timing, there was not any evidence that the spring bloom", "gOJIUebfUa0-00252-00117061-00117256": "has shifted earlier in warmer years.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00253-00117256-00117814": "That effect is usually swamped by an effect that emerged over 1998 and 2008 of dreissenid", "gOJIUebfUa0-00254-00117814-00118401": "mussels and to some extent, also, nutrients that were available.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00255-00118401-00119150": "In terms of the magnitude of phytoplankton, mussels were a consistent explanatory variable", "gOJIUebfUa0-00256-00119150-00119570": "in three of the four models.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00257-00119570-00120399": "Climate showed up for both annual magnitudes, but future research is needed to try and disentangle", "gOJIUebfUa0-00258-00120399-00121205": "these interacting effects of temperature and biotic interactions on the magnitude of phytoplankton", "gOJIUebfUa0-00259-00121205-00121305": "production.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00260-00121305-00121579": "We're going to shift now to minitalk number two.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00261-00121579-00121696": "One on crayfish recruitment.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00262-00121696-00122050": "This was lead by Paris Collingsworth, pictured here.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00263-00122050-00122591": "Paris, at the time, was a postdoctoral student at the University of Michigan.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00264-00122591-00123132": "He's now moved on to IllinoisIndiana Sea Grant, where he is a Great Lakes ecosystem specialist.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00265-00123132-00123703": "This work is now in press in transactions at the American Fisheries Society.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00266-00123703-00124330": "What Paris was doing was trying to understand to what extent climate factors regulate crayfish", "gOJIUebfUa0-00267-00124330-00124833": "populations in Lakes Michigan and Huron.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00268-00124833-00125209": "First of all, a little background, why do we care about recruitment of crayfish?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00269-00125209-00125883": "First of all, we need some level of recruitment to occur over time to replenish populations", "gOJIUebfUa0-00270-00125883-00125996": "and fisheries.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00271-00125996-00126616": "Unfortunately, that replenishment process, that recruitment, is highly stochastic and", "gOJIUebfUa0-00272-00126616-00126904": "has been very difficult to predict.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00273-00126904-00127546": "We know, theoretically, that the number of fish recruits must be related to the number", "gOJIUebfUa0-00274-00127546-00128179": "of mature adults and the number of eggs that are produced but rarely, if ever, does that", "gOJIUebfUa0-00275-00128179-00128490": "singularly predict recruitment success with any high predictability.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00276-00128490-00129022": "There's a long history in fisheries ecology and management to try and bring in other environmental", "gOJIUebfUa0-00277-00129022-00129797": "predictors, biotic and abiotic, including climate, to try to improve predictability", "gOJIUebfUa0-00278-00129797-00130072": "for fisheries recruitment.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00279-00130072-00130986": "In the Great Lakes, we've seen crayfish support valuable recreational fisheries that I alluded", "gOJIUebfUa0-00280-00130986-00131087": "to earlier.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00281-00131087-00131567": "Actually, some of the planktivorous crayfish also support their own commercial fisheries.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00282-00131567-00132317": "But there's been a strong trend over the past 20 or so years of declining crayfish recruitment", "gOJIUebfUa0-00283-00132317-00132834": "in biomass in several of the Great Lakes, including the ones, Lake Michigan and Huron,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00284-00132834-00133037": "that were the focus of this work.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00285-00133037-00133215": "I'm calling this work \"The Tale of Two Lakes.\"", "gOJIUebfUa0-00286-00133215-00133677": "This is the time series that Paris analyzed for Lake Michigan.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00287-00133677-00134130": "You can see that the bulk of the biomass is composed of bloater and alewife, two different", "gOJIUebfUa0-00288-00134130-00134230": "species.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00289-00134230-00134813": "At present times, they are near record lows, in terms of biomass.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00290-00134813-00135412": "Despite the record low levels of crayfish biomass, we have not seen declines in the", "gOJIUebfUa0-00291-00135412-00135766": "fish eaters, the piscivores, that eat those crayfish.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00292-00135766-00136396": "We've seen stability in terms of Chinook salmon biomass, and lake trout biomass, based on", "gOJIUebfUa0-00293-00136396-00136823": "model data provided by Michigan State University.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00294-00136823-00137597": "Contrast that with Lake Huron, it does appear that we have...Sorry, this is the axis.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00295-00137597-00137929": "This is biomass on the yaxis.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00296-00137929-00138374": "There has been a general decline, with the caveat that we've seen a resurgence in bloaters", "gOJIUebfUa0-00297-00138374-00138653": "in Lake Huron in the very recent years.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00298-00138653-00138927": "What I want to draw your attention to is this dark purple and light purple.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00299-00138927-00139705": "This is the alewife in Lake Huron, which was a consistent, a large part of the biomass,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00300-00139705-00140280": "but has been nearly extirpated since the early 2000's.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00301-00140280-00140626": "Alewife has remained low level since then.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00302-00140626-00141190": "What that has meant is lake trout have done fine, if not improved, with the decline of", "gOJIUebfUa0-00303-00141190-00141769": "alewife, but Chinook salmon have faired much more poorly because of that.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00304-00141769-00142298": "What we're interested in doing is trying to understand this variation in alewife and bloater,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00305-00142298-00143008": "using both traditional Ricker stockrecruit models, but also in cases where we found temporal", "gOJIUebfUa0-00306-00143008-00143715": "autocorrelation in the time series, like we did for bloater, we had to use Bayesian timevarying", "gOJIUebfUa0-00307-00143715-00143815": "approaches.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00308-00143815-00144603": "Again, the idea is to determine what factors, beyond the number of adults can we find that", "gOJIUebfUa0-00309-00144603-00144703": "influence recruitment.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00310-00144703-00145060": "Also, are we finding common factors between these two lakes?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00311-00145060-00145457": "For alewife then, I'm going to show you a chart like this for both species, we have", "gOJIUebfUa0-00312-00145457-00145767": "the explanatory variables on the left that were fed into the model.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00313-00145767-00146045": "These are the ones that included climate variables.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00314-00146045-00146283": "These are the putative mechanisms.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00315-00146283-00147001": "For example, we expected long cold winters to be negatively related to alewife recruitment,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00316-00147001-00147421": "based on work done down in Lake Ontario, showing evidence of overwinter mortality in the first", "gOJIUebfUa0-00317-00147421-00147652": "year.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00318-00147652-00147964": "We also looked at other factors, beyond climate, such as the number of Salmon eating predators.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00319-00147964-00148505": "This includes the salmon and trout that I showed you, earlier.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00320-00148505-00148680": "We're expecting that to be negative.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00321-00148680-00149284": "And lake productivity, tying back into what Dave showed, the idea that the more chlorophyll,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00322-00149284-00149902": "the more nutrients we have, that should translate to more food for the larvae.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00323-00149902-00150632": "To boil Paris' work down for alewife into one slide is right here.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00324-00150632-00151382": "First of all, the height of the bars is essentially the weight of evidence for a particular explanatory", "gOJIUebfUa0-00325-00151382-00151546": "variable.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00326-00151546-00152028": "The higher the bar, the higher the weight.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00327-00152028-00152690": "Like salmon, for example, was consistently found in all of the topranked models, using", "gOJIUebfUa0-00328-00152690-00152790": "AIC.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00329-00152790-00153273": "Salmon being in Lake Michigan, by far the most important variable in explaining alewife", "gOJIUebfUa0-00330-00153273-00153818": "recruitment with smaller contributions from the climate variables.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00331-00153818-00154271": "In Lake Huron, we don't see any variable really stand out to any degree.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00332-00154271-00154920": "We did see some evidence of lake level having a positive effect, but when we step back and", "gOJIUebfUa0-00333-00154920-00155502": "look at the overall Rsquared of the model, we see a very low predictability for Lake", "gOJIUebfUa0-00334-00155502-00155750": "Huron alewife recruitment.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00335-00155750-00156244": "When we shift to bloater, there's really only one climate variable that we can include in", "gOJIUebfUa0-00336-00156244-00156344": "the model.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00337-00156344-00157037": "Bloater is a little different than alewife, in that it spends most of its time offshore,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00338-00157037-00157563": "in deeper waters, that tend to be more stable and more cold, consistently.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00339-00157563-00158063": "The idea being if winter and spring temperatures, when the eggs are incubating are warmer, then", "gOJIUebfUa0-00340-00158063-00158690": "it accelerates incubation rates and reduces exposure to egg predators.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00341-00158690-00159452": "Other factors included things like alewife biomass, the sex ratio of the population.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00342-00159452-00160325": "Bloater has another strange characteristic of being skewed towards females, up to 90%", "gOJIUebfUa0-00343-00160325-00160488": "in some cases, and adult condition.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00344-00160488-00161208": "When you throw these into an AIC model, selection approach, unlike alewife, where we found differences", "gOJIUebfUa0-00345-00161208-00161750": "between lakes, we found pretty consistent patterns between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00346-00161750-00162237": "The sex ratio, a balanced sex ratio, is correlated with strong recruitment.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00347-00162237-00162974": "Some evidence of condition positively related to bloater recruitment in both lakes.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00348-00162974-00163165": "Negative effect of alewife.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00349-00163165-00163642": "In terms of this particular focus of our research, unfortunately, there's no evidence for any", "gOJIUebfUa0-00350-00163642-00164084": "climate signal in the bloater time series.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00351-00164084-00164667": "To conclude Paris' work, looking backwards, climate signals were really difficult to detect", "gOJIUebfUa0-00352-00164667-00165097": "for Lake Huron and Michigan crayfish.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00353-00165097-00165547": "Alewife recruitment was more explained by salmon predation.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00354-00165547-00166015": "Lake Huron, the model was just biologically unsatisfying.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00355-00166015-00166495": "For bloater, recruitment in Lakes Michigan and Huron was explained by common factors,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00356-00166495-00166973": "sex ratio and alewife, but no evidence of climate signal.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00357-00166973-00167475": "What this did within our own project, was really limited our ability to forecast recruitment", "gOJIUebfUa0-00358-00167475-00168320": "of alewife and bloater based on future climate scenarios, which is something we were disappointed", "gOJIUebfUa0-00359-00168320-00168420": "about.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00360-00168420-00168799": "What do those climate scenarios look like for the Great Lakes region, in terms of what", "gOJIUebfUa0-00361-00168799-00169308": "might we forecast for water temperature, for precipitation, for ice cover?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00362-00169308-00169465": "This work was led by Brent Lofgren.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00363-00169465-00169632": "We love this slide.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00364-00169632-00169815": "This is a picture of Brent.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00365-00169815-00170061": "Brent is with NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00366-00170061-00170814": "Essentially, what he's trying to do is forecast these variables from 2043 to 2070.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00367-00170814-00171285": "Typically, I think ecologists are very guilty of this.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00368-00171285-00171522": "We think of this as a simplistic chain of events.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00369-00171522-00172087": "You have some measure of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00370-00172087-00172297": "That drives some measure of air temperature.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00371-00172297-00172411": "Maybe precipitation.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00372-00172411-00172999": "That in turn has some ecological impact, which is sort of a oneway linear relationship.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00373-00172999-00173382": "Whereas, in reality, it's a much more complex.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00374-00173382-00174237": "There are different exchanges that occur between the surface and up here in the atmosphere.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00375-00174237-00174921": "What Brent has done is develop a model he calls CHARM, which essentially tries to take", "gOJIUebfUa0-00376-00174921-00175335": "into account all that complexity I just showed you on that slide before.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00377-00175335-00175962": "I'm going to show you some of the highlights here in case there are any physical scientists", "gOJIUebfUa0-00378-00175962-00176391": "or climatologists on the line.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00379-00176391-00176832": "What you can see here is that the results that Brent is going to be showing you are", "gOJIUebfUa0-00380-00176832-00177548": "based on this particular GCM and this scenario of greenhouse gas concentrations.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00381-00177548-00178252": "The other thing I should note is that the model does allow one to take the relationships", "gOJIUebfUa0-00382-00178252-00179067": "and derive onedimensional lake column water temperatures for each 40 kilometer grid cell.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00383-00179067-00179708": "Stepping through some of the predictions, first in terms of air temperature.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00384-00179708-00180526": "What we're showing you is the difference between 2057, which is the midpoint between 2043 and", "gOJIUebfUa0-00385-00180526-00181047": "2070, and 1985 which is the midpoint between 1978 and 1993.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00386-00181047-00181365": "In the winter, you see a real northtosouth gradient.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00387-00181365-00181983": "No real evidence of anything different happening over water versus over land.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00388-00181983-00182367": "We find much greater increases in the winter temperatures to the north than the south.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00389-00182367-00183091": "It's a little bit flipped in the summer, where we find stronger, larger differences.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00390-00183091-00183892": "We do see a modulation of air temperatures over the large Great Lakes, where actually", "gOJIUebfUa0-00391-00183892-00184594": "the difference is less over the lakes than it is over the land.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00392-00184594-00185059": "Translating that to water temperatures then between these two time periods, historical", "gOJIUebfUa0-00393-00185059-00185739": "in blue, and yellow looking out 2058 to 2070.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00394-00185739-00186475": "If we look at July or June out to December, what we see is generally about a two to three", "gOJIUebfUa0-00395-00186475-00187364": "degree Celsius increase in water temperatures all the way down through the water column.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00396-00187364-00188192": "A couple of other things Brent wanted to point out is in February, we don't actually see", "gOJIUebfUa0-00397-00188192-00188656": "the lake getting all the way to four degrees C, which is what we would expect to see, because", "gOJIUebfUa0-00398-00188656-00188828": "water is most dense at four degrees.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00399-00188828-00189634": "At the bottom, as the lake cools, we get four degree water in the hypolimneon.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00400-00189634-00190037": "It's not even cold enough in the future to reach four degrees, so turnover might be happening", "gOJIUebfUa0-00401-00190037-00190319": "at something like six degrees instead.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00402-00190319-00190948": "The other interesting thing is in April, typically we see a reverse stratification with the colder", "gOJIUebfUa0-00403-00190948-00191553": "water on top, the warmer, denser four degree water on the bottom.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00404-00191553-00192013": "In the future scenario, we actually see a stratification more like we see in summer,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00405-00192013-00192665": "where it's the warmer water on top, colder water on the bottom.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00406-00192665-00193387": "We think about the water balance, that is the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00407-00193387-00193689": "This has consequences for lake water levels.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00408-00193689-00194240": "You can see that over land, we expect to see a positive net balance.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00409-00194240-00194862": "Over water, we expect evapotranspiration to win out and have a negative net water balance.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00410-00194862-00195504": "If you sum this across the entire Great Lakes watershed, you actually get a small negative", "gOJIUebfUa0-00411-00195504-00196067": "net water balance, which would predict a small reduction in lake level.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00412-00196067-00196955": "Brent's findings tend to predict a smaller reduction in lake levels than some other studies", "gOJIUebfUa0-00413-00196955-00197108": "have found.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00414-00197108-00197671": "In terms of precipitation in the winter, so this would be snow falling, we see evidence", "gOJIUebfUa0-00415-00197671-00197804": "of lake effect snow.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00416-00197804-00198281": "It's on the lakes, and to the land to the east of the lakes.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00417-00198281-00198641": "In the summer we also see more precipitation, but it's a much more patchy distribution.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00418-00198641-00199441": "In both of these, I should note that you're seeing mostly grays, gray being increases", "gOJIUebfUa0-00419-00199441-00199951": "in precipitation, whether it's winter or summer.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00420-00199951-00200409": "And very, very few areas, like maybe down here where it's more white, where you would", "gOJIUebfUa0-00421-00200409-00200847": "actually see reductions in precipitation.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00422-00200847-00201013": "Finally, ice thickness.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00423-00201013-00201734": "Here, if we look back in time, we see ice occurring in southern Lake Michigan.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00424-00201734-00202436": "Also some evidence of ice occurring in the deepest northern part of the lake, also deeper", "gOJIUebfUa0-00425-00202436-00202879": "ice occurring in the shallower regions of Lake Michigan.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00426-00202879-00203297": "Alternatively, into the future, we see barely, if any, ice occurring in the south.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00427-00203297-00203811": "The only ice occurring is more shallow, and limited to these very shallower regions of", "gOJIUebfUa0-00428-00203811-00204733": "the lake.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00429-00204733-00205365": "The preliminary forecasts are for two to three degrees increase in water temperature throughout", "gOJIUebfUa0-00430-00205365-00205505": "the water column.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00431-00205505-00206198": "We also found in February that the deepest waters may actually be warmer than four degrees.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00432-00206198-00206706": "In terms of precipitation, it's going to be characterized as wetter, whether it's winter", "gOJIUebfUa0-00433-00206706-00206806": "or summer.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00434-00206806-00207456": "In winter, we saw more snow, especially within the lake effect regions.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00435-00207456-00207890": "No clear spatial pattern in summer, however.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00436-00207890-00208482": "Ice cover is less, in general, with that north to south gradiant, more ice in the north.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00437-00208482-00209415": "Our last part for this minitalk is trying to forecast some effects of fish growth.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00438-00209415-00210217": "This work was lead by YuChun Kao, who is a PhD student at University of Michigan, and", "gOJIUebfUa0-00439-00210217-00210458": "assisted by Chuck Madenjian at USGS.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00440-00210458-00211392": "He was looking at the response of six fish species in Lakes Michigan and Huron.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00441-00211392-00211917": "The first question is how does a warming climate affect fish growth?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00442-00211917-00212508": "Certainly, the direct affect would be on the fish physiology itself.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00443-00212508-00212907": "Temperature affects how much a fish can consume.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00444-00212907-00213556": "It also affects how much is lost in metabolism, or how much is lost to ingestion or excretion.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00445-00213556-00214213": "The temperature's also going to be affecting other components of the food web that are", "gOJIUebfUa0-00446-00214213-00214559": "going to affect fish growth, such as how many prey are out there, and what's the quality", "gOJIUebfUa0-00447-00214559-00214958": "of those prey.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00448-00214958-00215496": "We think about fish responding to a warmer environment.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00449-00215496-00215609": "How are they going to do that?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00450-00215609-00215779": "First of all, fish are ectothermic.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00451-00215779-00216478": "They're unable to regulate their body temperature internally, but rather take on the temperature", "gOJIUebfUa0-00452-00216478-00216827": "of their environment.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00453-00216827-00217588": "Fish have to balance choices about the temperature they occupy based on...All things considered,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00454-00217588-00217978": "they want to stay within their physiological optimum temperature.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00455-00217978-00218657": "That is where their biochemistry allows for the greatest or the most efficient chemical", "gOJIUebfUa0-00456-00218657-00219161": "reactions to occur, and for consumption to be highest.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00457-00219161-00219739": "They also may have to consider quality of habitat, such as is there enough oxygen there,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00458-00219739-00219839": "for example.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00459-00219839-00220255": "They also might think about prey availability, or they might consider predation risk.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00460-00220255-00220785": "These are things that could keep them from occupying that optimal temperature.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00461-00220785-00221332": "As we look into the literature, we find for fish, there's a lot of evidence of this behavioral", "gOJIUebfUa0-00462-00221332-00221432": "thermoregulation.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00463-00221432-00222051": "These are data for lake whitefish, published last year from Clear Lake, Maine, showing", "gOJIUebfUa0-00464-00222051-00222705": "that fish occupied, on average, temperatures about 13 degrees C, which is very close to", "gOJIUebfUa0-00465-00222705-00223219": "their physiological optimum temperature, even when much warmer water was available, or even", "gOJIUebfUa0-00466-00223219-00223721": "colder water was available potentially deeper.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00467-00223721-00224166": "The results, for the sake of time, we're going to show today include those for yellow perch,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00468-00224166-00224733": "which is a cool water fish, and for lake trout, which is a cold water fish.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00469-00224733-00225246": "Again, building on the forecast that Brent provided, we're going to forecast their growth", "gOJIUebfUa0-00470-00225246-00225488": "in 2043 to 2070.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00471-00225488-00226030": "We're doing this in Lakes Michigan and Huron.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00472-00226030-00226308": "The assumption is that fish are going to behaviorally thermoregulate.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00473-00226308-00226816": "They're going to occupy that physiological optimum temperature if it's available.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00474-00226816-00227110": "We're also going to assume different densities of prey.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00475-00227110-00227817": "We're going to allow them to essentially have high densities of prey, feed ad libitum.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00476-00227817-00228285": "We're going to keep them at baseline densities of prey, that is densities of prey that they're", "gOJIUebfUa0-00477-00228285-00228425": "experiencing now.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00478-00228425-00229540": "They're allowing them to achieve growth rates in today's climate, and then lower densities", "gOJIUebfUa0-00479-00229540-00229640": "of prey.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00480-00229640-00230311": "Effectively, what this looks like is for every part of the lake, we have essentially a future", "gOJIUebfUa0-00481-00230311-00230969": "forecast of what that water temperature's going to look like relative to baseline.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00482-00230969-00231296": "Here for yellow perch, which has a physiological optimum temperature of 23 degrees, you can", "gOJIUebfUa0-00483-00231296-00232121": "see that in the future, it has the potential to occupy 23 degree water for a longer period.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00484-00232121-00232431": "That was what we assumed happened in the model.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00485-00232431-00232531": "Same thing for lake trout.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00486-00232531-00233367": "It's going to be able to occupy eight degree water longer than it can find that water in", "gOJIUebfUa0-00487-00233367-00233625": "today's climate.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00488-00233625-00234477": "In terms of the methods, fish growth was predicted using a Wisconsin bioenergetics model, which", "gOJIUebfUa0-00489-00234477-00234692": "is a mass balance approach.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00490-00234692-00235233": "Ultimately, we know from laboratory studies and from field validation that fish consumption", "gOJIUebfUa0-00491-00235233-00235461": "is directly related to temperature.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00492-00235461-00235967": "There is a certain temperature, that is their optimum temperature, at which consumption", "gOJIUebfUa0-00493-00235967-00236163": "is highest.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00494-00236163-00236553": "That's this black circle.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00495-00236553-00237038": "Oftentimes there's a realized consumption, or PC.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00496-00237038-00237646": "That is because fish can't always feed because of prey densities or some other reason, can't", "gOJIUebfUa0-00497-00237646-00237794": "feed at optimum levels.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00498-00237794-00238256": "There's a realized consumption, and then within whatever they're able to consume, some of", "gOJIUebfUa0-00499-00238256-00238430": "it goes to metabolism loss.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00500-00238430-00238831": "Some of it's lost to waste, digestion, excretion.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00501-00238831-00239182": "Whatever's left over can go towards growth.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00502-00239182-00239598": "All the energy is essentially accounted for in this model.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00503-00239598-00239892": "Briefly, there were some results that are not at all surprising.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00504-00239892-00240433": "When prey availability was highest, we found increases in growth for both species.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00505-00240433-00240875": "Concomitant with that, we found increases in consumption.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00506-00240875-00241330": "When prey availability was limited, growth was reduced.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00507-00241330-00241556": "Here are what the plots look like.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00508-00241556-00241810": "On your left is yellow perch.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00509-00241810-00242307": "You can see, relative to baseline, when we allowed higher prey availability, we did see", "gOJIUebfUa0-00510-00242307-00242821": "an increase in weight of yellow perch at a given age.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00511-00242821-00243076": "Again, they would fall below baseline when prey was more limited.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00512-00243076-00244373": "On the bottom here, this just shows the amount of prey that would be needed to allow that", "gOJIUebfUa0-00513-00244373-00244975": "greater consumption, which translates to higher growth, to occur.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00514-00244975-00245541": "For lake trout, it's actually an even greater increase relative to baseline, and a somewhat", "gOJIUebfUa0-00515-00245541-00245994": "smaller reduction during low prey densities.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00516-00245994-00246404": "You can begin to see that some species are going to fare better, potentially, say lake", "gOJIUebfUa0-00517-00246404-00246986": "trout than yellow perch, in a changed climate scenario.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00518-00246986-00247155": "Why might that be?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00519-00247155-00247938": "Especially why might that be, because the number of days over which the optimal temperature", "gOJIUebfUa0-00520-00247938-00248432": "is increased actually is more days for yellow perch than it is for lake trout.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00521-00248432-00249121": "If you're just thinking about the net number of days increase, you would predict that yellow", "gOJIUebfUa0-00522-00249121-00249415": "perch growth would improve more than lake trout.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00523-00249415-00250019": "Once YuChun got into the guts of the model, he found that one of the things that was holding", "gOJIUebfUa0-00524-00250019-00250396": "yellow perch back was, first of all, they're going to have higher metabolic costs and waste", "gOJIUebfUa0-00525-00250396-00250517": "costs in the future.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00526-00250517-00250926": "That lead to less energy available for growth.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00527-00250926-00251369": "The other interesting thing was that lake trout could prey upon alewife and rainbow", "gOJIUebfUa0-00528-00251369-00251961": "smelt later into the fall at greater rates of consumption.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00529-00251961-00252533": "Because these two particular species have seasonality in their energy density, or in", "gOJIUebfUa0-00530-00252533-00253007": "the number of calories they have, and they are highest in the fall, that essentially", "gOJIUebfUa0-00531-00253007-00253767": "gave lake trout more bang for their buck in terms of not only were they able to feed longer,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00532-00253767-00254126": "but they were able to feed on more energyrich prey in the fall.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00533-00254126-00254577": "Again, for the sake of time, I'll just let people know that YuChun and Chuck have similar", "gOJIUebfUa0-00534-00254577-00255213": "estimates for lake whitefish, for rainbow trout, and for Chinook salmon.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00535-00255213-00255807": "In conclusions, unless prey resources concomitantly increase, fish growth will most likely decrease", "gOJIUebfUa0-00536-00255807-00255954": "in a warming climate.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00537-00255954-00256342": "We've got to know a lot more about how many prey will be out there.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00538-00256342-00257048": "That just pushes home the point of how fish respond to climate change will depend on more", "gOJIUebfUa0-00539-00257048-00257215": "than just temperature.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00540-00257215-00257955": "Our last slide here is just overall takehome messages.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00541-00257955-00258351": "One thing that's clear is that climate change in the Great Lakes region is definitely going", "gOJIUebfUa0-00542-00258351-00258764": "to affect key fish habitat variables, whether it's water temperature.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00543-00258764-00259237": "Remember, even throughout the water column, we saw consistently higher water temperatures", "gOJIUebfUa0-00544-00259237-00259451": "even in the hypolimneon being predicted.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00545-00259451-00259701": "Ice cover is going to be reduced.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00546-00259701-00260117": "Water levels could potentially be less than they are today.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00547-00260117-00260869": "Today, we saw a record low level for water levels in Lake Michigan earlier this spring.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00548-00260869-00261442": "We recommend a mechanistic approach to try to translate these climatedriven effects into", "gOJIUebfUa0-00549-00261442-00261775": "fish responses.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00550-00261775-00262322": "Those mechanisms should obviously go beyond climate factors.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00551-00262322-00262824": "To our surprise, our results revealed that nonclimate factors really had an even greater", "gOJIUebfUa0-00552-00262824-00262924": "impact.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00553-00262924-00263397": "We saw that with the affect of dreissenid mussels on phytoplankton, or the effect of", "gOJIUebfUa0-00554-00263397-00263949": "salmon predation on alewife recruitment, or the importance of knowing what the prey densities", "gOJIUebfUa0-00555-00263949-00264346": "were to the ultimate response for fish growth.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00556-00264346-00264862": "Now, that certainly doesn't mean that forecasted climate change effects should be ignored,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00557-00264862-00265177": "that we don't want to leave that message at all.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00558-00265177-00265736": "Rather, it's just that these changes in aquatic habitat must be considered within a food web", "gOJIUebfUa0-00559-00265736-00266207": "or an ecosystem context to best understand the direct and indirect effect of climate", "gOJIUebfUa0-00560-00266207-00266551": "on fisheries production.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00561-00266551-00266960": "We want to acknowledge many people that have contributed data or technical assistance,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00562-00266960-00267459": "and also want to acknowledge the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center", "gOJIUebfUa0-00563-00267459-00267626": "for funding this work.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00564-00267626-00268552": "I also want to say that over the question and answer period, I may kick it to our coPI's,", "gOJIUebfUa0-00565-00268552-00268971": "especially if your questions get highly technical for certain things.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00566-00268971-00269674": "This is also intended to let you know that you can contact these people for more information", "gOJIUebfUa0-00567-00269674-00270049": "on their leadership of their specific components.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00568-00270049-00270178": "That's it.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00569-00270178-00270435": "Thank you very much.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00570-00270435-00270564": "Ashley: Excellent.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00571-00270564-00270693": "Thanks, Bo.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00572-00270693-00271090": "Very interesting presentation, and I like that picture at the end.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00573-00271090-00271190": "Bo: Thanks.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00574-00271190-00271754": "Ashley: Anybody that has questions, there's two methods of asking your questions.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00575-00271754-00272455": "First, you can textchat it in in the chat box that's located below the participant list.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00576-00272455-00272995": "You can also use the raised hand icon that is located between the participant list and", "gOJIUebfUa0-00577-00272995-00273095": "the chat box.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00578-00273095-00273848": "I'll call on you by name, and then I will ask you to have your question ready.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00579-00273848-00274321": "Then just press star six, take off the global mute, and then just ensure that the mute on", "gOJIUebfUa0-00580-00274321-00274541": "your own phone is turned off as well.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00581-00274541-00274984": "Bo: That would be the same way for other coauthors to answer questions.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00582-00274984-00275489": "If I kick it to them, they need to hit star six beforehand?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00583-00275489-00275663": "Is that right, Ashley?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00584-00275663-00275869": "Ashley: Yes, that's correct.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00585-00275869-00275972": "Thank you.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00586-00275972-00276383": "Ashley: All right, do we have any questions?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00587-00276383-00276585": "I see one from Holly.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00588-00276585-00277136": "Doug Beard: Can you hear, Bo?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00589-00277136-00277320": "Bo: Yes.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00590-00277320-00277725": "Doug: I do have a question.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00591-00277725-00277940": "I'm curious about the final part.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00592-00277940-00278296": "You showed the species by species predictions.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00593-00278296-00279095": "It seems to me that we really need to bottle that distribution, like a population ecosystem", "gOJIUebfUa0-00594-00279095-00279195": "model.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00595-00279195-00279820": "Because if Chinook go up and bloaters go down, or et cetera, et cetera, it's all interacted.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00596-00279820-00280200": "Is there any plans to do that?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00597-00280200-00281111": "Just having the three different prey densities was interesting, but it's not going to be", "gOJIUebfUa0-00598-00281111-00281464": "as informative of the interactions that would actually happen between the species?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00599-00281464-00281564": "Thanks.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00600-00281564-00281681": "Bo: Yeah, that's a great question.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00601-00281681-00282545": "We do now have an Ecopath ecosystem model that Mark Rogers has developed for Lake Michigan.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00602-00282545-00283022": "We've thought about ways to try to integrate climate responses.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00603-00283022-00283756": "As you said, you can't look at these things in isolation because of the feedbacks that", "gOJIUebfUa0-00604-00283756-00283856": "are going on.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00605-00283856-00284246": "We have not operationalized that yet, but that's a great idea.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00606-00284246-00285038": "We need to think harder about how to actually run EcoSim to simulate a climate effect.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00607-00285038-00285976": "Is it going to affect the production, the P/B ratio, for example?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00608-00285976-00286610": "Try to look at the guts of Ecopath, which I have not run, but try to look at the guts", "gOJIUebfUa0-00609-00286610-00287592": "of that and try to figure out how can we make Ecopath work to simulate the climate change", "gOJIUebfUa0-00610-00287592-00287692": "effects.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00611-00287692-00288144": "Ashley: All right, thank you.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00612-00288144-00288528": "Did Holly's group have any more questions?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00613-00288528-00288883": "Holly: No, I think that's it.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00614-00288883-00289794": "Ashley: I'm not seeing any more raised hands, or anything coming in the chat box.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00615-00289794-00290368": "Bo: I see one from Gregor Schuurman.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00616-00290368-00290532": "Do you see that, Ashley?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00617-00290532-00290906": "Ashley: I don't, I think he just sent it to you.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00618-00290906-00291223": "Could you go ahead and read it into the audio record, please?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00619-00291223-00291340": "Bo: Sure.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00620-00291340-00292080": "He says, \"How do you think your findings might translate to fishes and fisheries, and streams", "gOJIUebfUa0-00621-00292080-00292199": "and rivers?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00622-00292199-00292854": "Presumably many of the same principles apply, but what is likely to be different?\"", "gOJIUebfUa0-00623-00292854-00293611": "That's a tough question for somebody that hasn't worked in those systems since his Master's", "gOJIUebfUa0-00624-00293611-00293778": "degree.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00625-00293778-00294358": "I think the same process could be in place to try to think about what are the mechanistic", "gOJIUebfUa0-00626-00294358-00295442": "drivers that are happening for a particular salmonid, say brook trout in the eastern United", "gOJIUebfUa0-00627-00295442-00295542": "States.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00628-00295542-00296250": "I know that a lot of people are doing work on brook trout and potential effects of climate", "gOJIUebfUa0-00629-00296250-00296775": "change, and trying to use downscaled models to forecast that.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00630-00296775-00297202": "I think Ben Letcher would be somebody.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00631-00297202-00297819": "If he hasn't given a seminar in this particular webinar series, I might invite Greg to reach", "gOJIUebfUa0-00632-00297819-00298490": "out to Ben, who's really thought about the effect of climate change on stream fishes", "gOJIUebfUa0-00633-00298490-00299007": "and could answer your question a lot better than me.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00634-00299007-00299365": "Kind of a lame answer.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00635-00299365-00299808": "I have another one, Ashley, that's been sent to me.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00636-00299808-00300039": "Ashley: Yeah, go right ahead.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00637-00300039-00300224": "I don't have any.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00638-00300224-00300469": "Bo: This is from Donald Rivard.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00639-00300469-00300865": "I apologize if I'm not getting the pronunciation right.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00640-00300865-00301171": "\"Water levels have been historically low, as I understand.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00641-00301171-00301639": "Is the predicted trend to continue downward?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00642-00301639-00302517": "How much of this water level drop is attributable to dredging in Lake Huron or in Lake St. Clair?\"", "gOJIUebfUa0-00643-00302517-00302988": "I'm just going to briefly answer that, and kick this to our water level expert, Brent", "gOJIUebfUa0-00644-00302988-00303427": "Lofgren, who is on the line.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00645-00303427-00303957": "Just to revisit what I said, that Brent's models are forecasting a little bit lower", "gOJIUebfUa0-00646-00303957-00304777": "water levels, but not as low as has been forecast by other modelers that have essentially used", "gOJIUebfUa0-00647-00304777-00304993": "different methods to come up with it.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00648-00304993-00305580": "Brent, do you want to address Donald's question, in terms of lake levels?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00649-00305580-00306002": "Can people see Brent's response here on the chat?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00650-00306002-00306365": "Brent Lofgren: Hi, this is Brent.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00651-00306365-00307128": "Actually, I was busy texting a response regarding the previous question while you were saying", "gOJIUebfUa0-00652-00307128-00307555": "what this question is, so could you please repeat it?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00653-00307555-00307655": "Bo: Sure.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00654-00307655-00307977": "Donald is interested in water levels.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00655-00307977-00308682": "He's saying the predicted trend in water levels is to continue downward and how much of this", "gOJIUebfUa0-00656-00308682-00309310": "drop is attributed to dredging in Lake Huron, or Lake St. Claire.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00657-00309310-00310319": "Brent: The attribution to dredging in the St. Claire River is a controversial topic.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00658-00310319-00311326": "I would say it's not entirely out of the question.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00659-00311326-00311907": "We also have a very difficult time of attributing the low lake levels, even though they have", "gOJIUebfUa0-00660-00311907-00312158": "persisted over about 15 years.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00661-00312158-00313070": "We have a hard time attributing those to greenhouse gas related causes.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00662-00313070-00314270": "They seem to be primarily due to the climate and increased evaporation primarily from the", "gOJIUebfUa0-00663-00314270-00314830": "lakes, somewhat from the land and the watershed as well.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00664-00314830-00315660": "Yeah, we have not directly linked those to humancaused climate change, there is definitely", "gOJIUebfUa0-00665-00315660-00316851": "a large measure of natural variability involved in what we've seen over the past 15 years.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00666-00316851-00317382": "Bo: OK, thanks Brent.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00667-00317382-00318110": "Ashley: Then do you have anymore Bo?", "gOJIUebfUa0-00668-00318110-00318439": "Because I'm not seeing them for some reason.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00669-00318439-00318638": "Bo: I do not.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00670-00318638-00318738": "Ashley: OK.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00671-00318738-00318838": "All right.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00672-00318838-00319189": "I'm just scanning for anymore hands.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00673-00319189-00319610": "Ashley: All right.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00674-00319610-00320718": "I don't see anymore questions and so I'd like to thank Bo for a great presentation.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00675-00320718-00320818": "Thank you Bo.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00676-00320818-00320918": "Bo: OK.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00677-00320918-00321142": "Thanks for the invitation Ashley.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00678-00321142-00321284": "Ashley: Oh, absolutely.", "gOJIUebfUa0-00679-00321284-00321811": "I'd like to thank all the participants for their attendance."}}, {"audio_id": "gP2rs5s4Js0", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "gPhn7u5M3hA", "text": {"gPhn7u5M3hA-00000-00002640-00003229": "Hi. I'm gonna be talking about sonification. So first, who I am. I'm don-E Merson. That's", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00001-00003229-00004089": "me before I donated my hair. I'm from the University of Arizona, and I am a PhD student", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00002-00004089-00004739": "at the School of Information. I'm also a programmer. Full stack developer by trade. I'm doing my", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00003-00004739-00005211": "PhD part-time, and hopefully eventually will get through it. And what you're about to hear", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00004-00005211-00005812": "is what I'm gonna do my thesis on. So the basic game plan for the next ten minutes is:", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00005-00005812-00006180": "What is sonification? In case you've never heard of this term before. What are some of", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00006-00006180-00006752": "the problems around that? And what are some of the solutions to these problems? And how", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00007-00006752-00007279": "can sonification let us see more dimensions? And that's really the gist of what I'm really", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00008-00007279-00007964": "interested in, is being able to see more dimensions. Not see with eyes, but actually perceive more", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00009-00007964-00008342": "dimensions simultaneously. And that's what I think we can do with sonification. And I'll", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00010-00008342-00008768": "talk a little about my future research, give you my email, in case you're interested in", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00011-00008768-00009282": "being part of that research. So what is it? So first let's think about visualization.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00012-00009282-00009709": "What is visualization? Visualization is data turned into some kind of visual representation.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00013-00009709-00010664": "That's a tough word. I shouldn't use multisyllable words here at the beginning. And sonification", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00014-00010664-00011306": "is data turned into audible representations. Right? So Wikipedia says: The sonification", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00015-00011306-00011888": "is the use of non-speech audio to convey information or perceptualize data. And part of me right", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00016-00011888-00012462": "off the bat wants to say: Why do we care about that it's non-speech data? Speech data could", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00017-00012462-00013091": "be one more dimension that we put in there. So sonification in real life. You know about", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00018-00013091-00013565": "sonification. You just never realized it was sonification. So a Geiger counter is an example", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00019-00013565-00013916": "of sonification. It's one dimensional data that you're walking around, and it's telling", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00020-00013916-00014322": "you... gee-gee-gee. I apologize to whoever is captioning. Because there will be lots", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00021-00014322-00015040": "of sound effects and stuff like that too. There's that. Heartbeat monitor. Once again,", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00022-00015040-00015406": "something that we can hear. And the rhythm will tell you whether or not -- I won't do", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00023-00015406-00016009": "the heartbeat. I know you're waiting for me to do that. And then radar. Radar has the", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00024-00016009-00016471": "sound, once again. And so these are ways that we can perceive information with sound. These", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00025-00016471-00017004": "are sonification in real life. So advantages and disadvantages. Visualization -- the pro", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00026-00017004-00017493": "is you can see all the data at once. It's gonna be the opposite for sonification, obviously.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00027-00017493-00017890": "And it's a known entity. Ever since you were in grade school, you've been taught how to", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00028-00017890-00018345": "understand data in some kind of form like a bar chart, a pie chart, or something like", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00029-00018345-00018904": "that. So the con is there's a limited number of dimensions. There's really X, Y, and kind", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00030-00018904-00019706": "of Z. Z.5, maybe. Sonification -- the pro is you can perceive multiple dimensions. And", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00031-00019706-00020137": "this is the part to me that's the most interesting. And I kind of came about it in a really weird", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00032-00020137-00020804": "way. In a former life, I was a musician. And I was learning this -- creating this music", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00033-00020804-00021212": "theory, and I was trying to get all these dimensions that I was hearing musically, and", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00034-00021212-00021667": "put them down on paper, and it finally hit me. Wait. I'm going the wrong way. I can't", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00035-00021667-00022033": "put all these dimensions that I'm hearing -- I can't talk about all these things on", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00036-00022033-00022630": "sound and then put them down on paper. Because music notation is kind of weak in that way.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00037-00022630-00022934": "And there's all these dimensions that I'm hearing, that are not on the page when I put", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00038-00022934-00023400": "it down, so I decided: Let's try to get it another way. If you're not 100% sure what", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00039-00023400-00023840": "I mean by all these different dimensions, let me give you an example. When I was a music", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00040-00023840-00024374": "teacher, I had a student. He would come in, and people would bring their songs in. I would", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00041-00024374-00024880": "teach them music. He came in. He was into punk rock. I taught him some power chords,", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00042-00024880-00025592": "he had an electric guitar, and he came up to me one day and said: Can you show me how", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00043-00025592-00025991": "they're doing it downstairs? He was just playing what you were playing, but he didn't hear", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00044-00025991-00026549": "it that way. I finally realized what the problem was. Went out to my car, got my distortion", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00045-00026549-00027026": "pedal, put in the distortion pedal. He's like... Oh yeah! That's exactly what I want to hear!", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00046-00027026-00027485": "To him, it wasn't the tone -- it was the tone that was the important part. It wasn't the", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00047-00027485-00027925": "actual pitch. Right? He was hearing something that was more important to him, that actually", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00048-00027925-00028562": "wasn't down on the music. So that's an example of one of those important dimensions that", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00049-00028562-00029193": "we don't hear. You don't write down \"I have a distortion\", or \"I have an overdrive\" or", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00050-00029193-00029458": "chorus or something like that. You don't write that down in the written music. All these", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00051-00029458-00029951": "other dimensions you hear and understand but you don't do it. The problem is unknown entity.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00052-00029951-00030566": "You probably never heard of sonification before we came today. You can't see the data all", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00053-00030566-00030975": "at once. A Geiger counter, you don't have a readout of all the data you've seen as you", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00054-00030975-00031499": "walk around. That's the problem. And limited range of hearing. You can only hear so far.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00055-00031499-00031877": "So there's gonna be a mapping of that. There's gonna be a compression of that, a lot of times.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00056-00031877-00032508": "You can have really wide information. So... Multidimensional data. So what I mean by that", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00057-00032508-00032908": "is data with multiple columns. So visualizations -- you'll see something like this. You have", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00058-00032908-00033479": "the two real dimensions, the X and the Y, and you have these ocular variables. We have", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00059-00033479-00033881": "a few ocular variables. You see one right there. It's color. That color can let you", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00060-00033881-00034324": "understand what's going on here. You can't really see this. This is three types of biological", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00061-00034324-00034924": "entities. But you see you have X and Y, it's a positive correlation, and you see by color", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00062-00034924-00035501": "that these are related to these X and Y variables, very much so. Right? Another thing you can", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00063-00035501-00035918": "do is patterns. So if you ever had a heat map, and sometimes you'll have some kind of", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00064-00035918-00036412": "scratch pattern that you would see. Or another type of pattern would be like a -- if you", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00065-00036412-00036978": "ever work with R and they always have the obligatory ggplot cars data, and it has triangles", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00066-00036978-00037441": "or circles as part of a dimension, and there's size. Something could be bigger or smaller.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00067-00037441-00037885": "And that can show another dimension of the data that you have. And there's faceting,", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00068-00037885-00038294": "which is basically taking a picture and doing it multiple times. So you have four dimensions", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00069-00038294-00038763": "that you see all at once. So sonification has lots of different things. For one thing,", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00070-00038763-00039428": "it's got pitch. So pitch is something that we hear right away. We can hear something...", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00071-00039428-00039919": "What pitch it is, and what we're really good at is hearing timbre or tone. We can tell", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00072-00039919-00040306": "the difference between a guitar and piano instantly. We don't have to think about it.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00073-00040306-00040971": "It's just instant into our brain. Rhythm -- we have a good idea of basic rhythm. So when", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00074-00040971-00041575": "we hear duh-duh-duh or duh-duh-DUH. We can hear those are really different? We can understand", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00075-00041575-00042366": "that. Again, apologies to the captioner. How does that come across? Awesome. And then there's", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00076-00042366-00042728": "harmony. Harmony is basically chords, a whole bunch of notes put together, that end up having", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00077-00042728-00043386": "another quality to it. There's major and minor, like... When you're first learning, you think", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00078-00043386-00043959": "minor chords sound sad and major chords sound happy and stuff like that. There's much more", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00079-00043959-00044600": "different types of harmony out there. And there's melody. We use melody all the time.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00080-00044600-00045140": "For example, you might hear something like... duhhh-duhh... (Star Wars) we know what's gonna", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00081-00045140-00045566": "happen. John Williams has told us the good guys are about to do something. Dunn-dunn…", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00082-00045566-00046432": "(imperial March) if we hear that... Here's that guy. The Darth Vader song comes on. That's", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00083-00046432-00046961": "a bit of data! In case you're not paying attention, falling asleep in the chair in the movie theater.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00084-00046961-00047652": "Here's what you got. We have that ability to hear multiple types. We can hear the Darth", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00085-00047652-00048419": "Vader theme with a different pitch, a different instrument, maybe, and we can all of a sudden", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00086-00048419-00049103": "perceive multiple dimensions simultaneously. Also, placement in the aural field. So we", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00087-00049103-00049586": "are very good if we have headphones on -- you can hear left, right, and center. In the old", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00088-00049586-00050041": "days, they used to use that a lot with stereo. One guy would be on the left, one guy on the", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00089-00050041-00050496": "right. Actually, there's been studies that we actually are better at perceiving sound", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00090-00050496-00051000": "around us like that than we are with our eyes. So our aural field is actually really good.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00091-00051000-00051451": "There are people who are actually doing this right now. If you've ever heard the song New", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00092-00051451-00052183": "York State of Mind, there's an ABAA pattern -- if you have the headphones on, you'll go", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00093-00052183-00052566": "left, right, left, left. Left, right, left, left.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00094-00052566-00052888": "In the actual thing. So musicians already", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00095-00052888-00053149": "know it. They’re already using it. They kind of intuitively know it. They're not thinking", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00096-00053149-00053819": "about what that could actually mean. And there's echo. We're really good at hearing echo. You", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00097-00053819-00054327": "can tell I'm in a room right now that's kind of big. Versus if I was in a stadium. You", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00098-00054327-00054777": "can tell when people are in a stadium -- if you ever heard your favorite band in a rock", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00099-00054777-00055269": "stadium, you can understand that echo. We can hear that. We just don't have a way to", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00100-00055269-00055903": "talk about that yet. Right now. So the early experiments all used pitch to indicate size.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00101-00055903-00056294": "So the data unfolds in time. Think about the Geiger counter, the heartbeat monitor, the", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00102-00056294-00056916": "data unfolding in time. There's another one. If anyone is interested in the gravity waves", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00103-00056916-00057363": "that were just discovered, the way they're representing the data is through sonification!", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00104-00057363-00057795": "It's this bllooooooop!", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00105-00057795-00058010": "(laughter)", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00106-00058010-00058869": "Awesome. So... That's one of the things they did. But there's some problems. It's really", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00107-00058869-00059298": "only one dimensional. Which is a big thing. And mapping the pitch -- that's another problem", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00108-00059298-00059792": "that we'll have to figure out. But it also takes -- takes away the multiple -- we haven't", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00109-00059792-00060329": "really talked about the multidimensional attributes of it. And it's a problem, because most people", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00110-00060329-00060766": "who are not musicians can't hear the difference between small pitch changes. Right? So you", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00111-00060766-00061303": "really... Having something like that, you're kind of excluding people who aren't musically", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00112-00061303-00061851": "trained. So this is where my research ideas come in. So I want to use sonification to", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00113-00061851-00062565": "expand the dimensions perceived. And I'd like to use it with a mouse with a tooltip. Imagine...", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00114-00062565-00063303": "Also add more dimensions visually. Imagine like a heat map. You have a heatmap and with", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00115-00063303-00064229": "your mouse... Am I done? Okay. All right. Sorry. I heard sound and reacted to it!", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00116-00064229-00064333": "(laughter)", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00117-00064333-00064922": "So as I mouse over something, I can hear multiple musical tones that explain something about", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00118-00064922-00065291": "what I'm actually touching at that moment. So that's the idea here. What I'm trying to", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00119-00065291-00065814": "do is find heat maps of the ear. So heat maps break down quantitative data into easy to", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00120-00065814-00066437": "distinguish colors. So it's not so much tone in the way that it's -- you know, it's a C", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00121-00066437-00067016": "versus a B, et cetera. But it's more like... Because people can't hear these minor changes.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00122-00067016-00067575": "So break these up into easier distinguishing pitches. For example, low, medium, high. Right?", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00123-00067575-00067969": "For example... Other dimensions are easy to break up. Short melodies. We already did the", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00124-00067969-00068509": "John Williams thing with those little melodies. Different instruments. If a different instrument", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00125-00068509-00069180": "is playing a different melody, that's two dimensions that we can hear at a time, simultaneously.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00126-00069180-00069529": "Left, right, and center. If we hear it on the left, it means something. If we hear it", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00127-00069529-00069744": "on the right, it means something, if we hear it in the center, it means something, if we", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00128-00069744-00070395": "hear all three, it might mean something else. The stadium, the small room, no echo, these", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00129-00070395-00071020": "are three different dimensions. We would break up and discretize the data into these ideas", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00130-00071020-00071584": "and simultaneously be able to put all the information together. So that's what my research", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00131-00071584-00072070": "is about in the next two years. What different dimensions can people perceive simultaneously?", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00132-00072070-00072547": "This is how I can hear it, but I was a trained musician. Maybe the normal person is not gonna", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00133-00072547-00073010": "be able to hear this. Part of that is gonna be some research time and actually... Hey,", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00134-00073010-00073470": "here's what this means. I play this. Can you tell me what that means? Does it matter if", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00135-00073470-00073880": "they're a musician or not, which is probably gonna be a big question, and then I'm gonna", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00136-00073880-00074250": "build a prototype tool to allow the configuration of different sonic dimensions. Once I know", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00137-00074250-00074686": "what people perceive, I'm gonna build this tool that is gonna allow people to take their", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00138-00074686-00075200": "data and be able to sonify it, and then test the usability of others, put together sonifications", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00139-00075200-00075751": "of other ideas to others. When you give the tool to someone and see what they do, actually", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00140-00075751-00076279": "help to see if that information is getting conveyed. So that's the idea there. If anyone", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00141-00076279-00077023": "is interested, I'm just starting. I'm working on my comprehensive this summer. That's my", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00142-00077023-00077614": "email address right there. dmerson@arizona.edu. Talk to me, I’ve got a lot of cards. If", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00143-00077614-00078406": "you're interested in the subject or have any ideas, I'm really early on this, so I'm happy", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00144-00078406-00078963": "to hear them. If anyone has ideas, I'm really excited to hear about them. So in conclusion,", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00145-00078963-00079568": "sonification is turning data into sound. Early experiments didn't use multidimensional aspects.", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00146-00079568-00080127": "And I'm looking to use heat maps of sound. And researching people's abilities to understand", "gPhn7u5M3hA-00147-00080127-00080433": "these multiple dimensions of sound. So that's my talk. Thank you!"}}, {"audio_id": "gPmM1-5aeoo", "text": {"gPmM1-5aeoo-00000-00002114-00002165": "Hello.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00001-00002165-00002327": "My name is Sheila Falls and I'd like", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00002-00002327-00002636": "to welcome you to the Gaelic Roots Lunchtime Series", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00003-00002636-00002954": "at Boston College. Gaelic Roots is sponsored", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00004-00002954-00003197": "by BC Irish Studies in collaboration", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00005-00003197-00003434": "with The Burns Library.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00006-00003434-00003797": "Each of the artists will be presenting from their hometown,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00007-00003797-00004010": "and the performances are prerecorded to present you", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00008-00004010-00004203": "with the best quality sound.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00009-00004203-00004535": "However, the artists will be available on Facebook", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00010-00004535-00004832": "immediately following the event to answer any questions,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00011-00004832-00005087": "or just to say hello.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00012-00005087-00005315": "First up, we have Manus McGuire, fiddle player", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00013-00005315-00005444": "from County Sligo.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00014-00005444-00005786": "He is coming to you from his home in Clare.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00015-00005786-00006170": "Manus has a new CD out, the Copperplate Sessions,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00016-00006170-00006406": "and you can find his website posted", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00017-00006406-00006620": "at the end of the performance.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00018-00006620-00007001": "I'd like to please welcome Manus McGuire to the Gaelic Roots", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00019-00007001-00007327": "Lunchtime Series.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00020-00007327-00007603": "Hello, my name is Manus McGuire, and I'm", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00021-00007603-00007816": "a fiddle player from Sligo, originally", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00022-00007816-00008026": "in the Northwest of Ireland, but living now", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00023-00008026-00008284": "in County Clare down further on the west coast.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00024-00008284-00008509": "And it's from my home in County Clare,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00025-00008509-00008701": "here in the little village of Tuamgraney,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00026-00008701-00008962": "that I'm recording this concert for you.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00027-00008962-00009238": "And Tuamgraney of interest is--", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00028-00009238-00009347": "you should know this--", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00029-00009347-00009734": "Tuamgraney is just ten miles or so north of Killaloe", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00030-00009734-00009902": "in County Clare as well.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00031-00009902-00010282": "And of course, Killaloe is the home place of Seamus Connolly.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00032-00010282-00010399": "And many of you will know--", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00033-00010399-00010837": "I'm sure all of you will know this-- that Seamus Connolly was", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00034-00010837-00011115": "head of Gaelic Roots program at Boston College for many years.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00035-00011115-00011290": "I think the final year of the Gaelic Roots", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00036-00011290-00011572": "was 2003, if I'm not mistaken.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00037-00011572-00011902": "And in fact, in that year, 2003, Seamus Connolly", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00038-00011902-00012126": "asked my brother and I, Seamus McGuire,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00039-00012126-00012407": "and myself Manus McGuire, to come and perform", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00040-00012407-00012475": "at Gaelic Roots.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00041-00012475-00012688": "And it was a very enjoyable experience", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00042-00012688-00013206": "to be there for that final Gaelic Roots series in Boston.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00043-00013206-00013463": "So and-- so there's a nice connection there", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00044-00013463-00013856": "between the East Clare region where I am now", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00045-00013856-00014213": "and where we're recording this concert, and Boston College.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00046-00014213-00014574": "That's something I wanted to bring home to you as students", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00047-00014574-00014738": "there at the college.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00048-00014738-00014997": "I hope the studies are going well for you.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00049-00014997-00015327": "And I'm going to just tell you a little bit about the background", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00050-00015327-00015565": "before I play the music now, I'm going to play --", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00051-00015565-00015786": "just tell you a little bit about the background of-- you know,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00052-00015786-00015963": "we're a small country here in Ireland,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00053-00015963-00016149": "we're less than five million people.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00054-00016149-00016455": "But having said that, there's a huge musical tradition,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00055-00016455-00016879": "both music, song, and dance tradition here in Ireland.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00056-00016879-00017466": "And that's been to the forefront of our life here in Ireland,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00057-00017466-00017760": "and has been for generations.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00058-00017760-00018231": "It's an oral tradition passed on through generations,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00059-00018231-00018435": "and that's something that we're very proud of.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00060-00018435-00018705": "Arts and literature are very much", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00061-00018705-00019035": "to the fore in Irish life, and it's something", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00062-00019035-00019658": "that I suppose in many ways we punch above our weight in a world setting.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00063-00019658-00020004": "And that's something we're very proud of as I say.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00064-00020004-00020358": "Irish music is played all over the world now.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00065-00020358-00020580": "In many ways, it's a global phenomenon.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00066-00020580-00020903": "And as I said, even though we're slightly less than five million", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00067-00020903-00021240": "in population, and the country from north to south,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00068-00021240-00021495": "you can travel in maybe five or six hours,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00069-00021495-00021771": "and from east to west in two hours, two and a half", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00070-00021771-00022131": "hours anyway, from Dublin over to Galway.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00071-00022131-00022354": "And there are still--", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00072-00022354-00022608": "having said all that, there are many regional variations", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00073-00022608-00022713": "in our music.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00074-00022713-00023019": "In Donegal, for example, in the Northwest,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00075-00023019-00023460": "because of the history of travel between Donegal and Scotland", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00076-00023460-00023706": "in particular, there's a huge Scottish influence", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00077-00023706-00023869": "in the Donegal style of fiddle playing,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00078-00023869-00024249": "and in the Donegal music in general.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00079-00024249-00024462": "Further down the west coast in Sligo,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00080-00024462-00024727": "in the Northwest where I grew up,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00081-00024727-00024898": "there's a different fiddling style again.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00082-00024898-00025460": "The fiddling there is very much emphasized", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00083-00025460-00026066": "by the long bows and the ornamentation", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00084-00026066-00026336": "within the reels and jigs which are primarily played there.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00085-00026336-00026620": "I should've said that in Donegal, the big tunes up there", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00086-00026620-00026832": "would be the highlands and flings.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00087-00026832-00027017": "So you have a regional variation there even", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00088-00027017-00027398": "within the Northwest from Donegal down to Sligo.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00089-00027398-00027623": "Further down the west coast then in County Clare,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00090-00027623-00027920": "where I'm living now, there's a--", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00091-00027920-00028195": "fiddle playing is much more laid back and easy going,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00092-00028195-00028811": "and the style is very much, as I say, rhythmic.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00093-00028811-00029186": "But at the same time very laid back and cushioned", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00094-00029186-00029595": "back as opposed to the lively, vibrant Sligo style.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00095-00029595-00029855": "And then going down the west coast again,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00096-00029855-00030188": "further down to the southwest to the Cork Kerry region,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00097-00030188-00030364": "that border there between Cork and Kerry", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00098-00030364-00030632": "is known as Sliabh Luachra.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00099-00030632-00030779": "There's a different style again.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00100-00030779-00031206": "The big tunes down there would be the slides and polkas.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00101-00031206-00031505": "And there's again, there's a difference", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00102-00031505-00031862": "in the rhythm in the playing and in the tune type.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00103-00031862-00032261": "So there's quite a variety of fiddle sounds", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00104-00032261-00032352": "around the country.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00105-00032352-00032539": "So there's different styles there.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00106-00032539-00033167": "But in many ways now with travel and the social media, all", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00107-00033167-00033415": "of these tunes, it's a big melting pot and people", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00108-00033415-00033710": "play different styles and people from Kerry", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00109-00033710-00034004": "might sometimes play Sligo tunes, and Sligo style.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00110-00034004-00034208": "So people are attracted to different music,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00111-00034208-00034379": "not just within Ireland, but we'll", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00112-00034379-00034691": "say Irish musicians listen to Scottish music", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00113-00034691-00034872": "to music from Cape Breton and all of that.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00114-00034872-00035143": "So there's a whole lot of things going on there,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00115-00035143-00035337": "and I'm sure you're all very aware of that.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00116-00035337-00035684": "I know in Boston, there's a big influence of the Cape", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00117-00035684-00035951": "music of Cape Breton as well, and that's", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00118-00035951-00036132": "something I'm very aware of.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00119-00036132-00036400": "The Cape Breton fiddle music is something I love.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00120-00036400-00036506": "But I'm going to open--", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00121-00036506-00036668": "having said all that, I'm going to open", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00122-00036668-00036821": "with a selection of jigs.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00123-00036821-00037022": "And as it happens, the first tune", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00124-00037022-00037239": "is from the Sliabh Luachra.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00125-00037239-00037469": "Well it's certainly associated with Sliabh Luachra area", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00126-00037469-00037685": "that I referred to earlier on.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00127-00037685-00037974": "It's from the playing of Denis Murphy and Julia Clifford.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00128-00037974-00038334": "It's a jig called \"The Humours of Lisheen.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00129-00038334-00038651": "And I'm going to play after that then the \"Hag at the Churn.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00130-00038651-00038942": "And then the third jig is called \"Paddy Taylor's.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00131-00038942-00039287": "And Paddy Taylor was a flute player from County Limerick,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00132-00039287-00039413": "which is very near me here.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00133-00039413-00039749": "Clare and Limerick are on Shannon side together.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00134-00039749-00039927": "And Paddy Taylor was from County Limerick,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00135-00039927-00040215": "but lived most of his life in London, England.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00136-00040215-00040382": "And was very well known in the music", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00137-00040382-00040589": "scene, the Irish music scene in London", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00138-00040589-00040753": "for many, many years.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00139-00040753-00040916": "And this is one of the many jigs that's", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00140-00040916-00041174": "associated with Paddy Taylor, simply called", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00141-00041174-00041281": "Paddy Taylor's jig.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00142-00041281-00041521": "So three jigs to start with.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00143-00041521-00041808": "The Humours of Lisheen, the Hag at the Churn,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00144-00041808-00042102": "and Paddy Taylor's.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00145-00042102-00042601": "[MUSIC PLAYING]", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00146-00060325-00060375": "OK.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00147-00060375-00060603": "Well I hope you enjoyed those three jigs.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00148-00060603-00060765": "I'm going to continue now with playing", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00149-00060765-00060972": "a selection of hornpipes.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00150-00060972-00061104": "And the first of these--", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00151-00061104-00061303": "I suppose I did talk about briefly there", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00152-00061303-00061503": "about Donegal fiddle playing, and it's very much", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00153-00061503-00061752": "characterized by the short, snappy bow.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00154-00061752-00062030": "So you'll hear that bow style in the first", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00155-00062030-00062239": "of these hornpipes, it’s one I'm playing", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00156-00062239-00062373": "since I was a kid growing up.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00157-00062373-00062652": "And I'm not sure if the origins of the tune are in Donegal", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00158-00062652-00062740": "or not.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00159-00062740-00062907": "I can't remember where I first heard it.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00160-00062907-00063186": "But the tune is called \"Tailor's Twist.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00161-00063186-00063411": "And then the second hornpipe is one called", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00162-00063411-00063738": "\"Cronin's.\" And the third one is called \"Sherwood", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00163-00063738-00063844": "Rangers.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00164-00063844-00063990": "By the way, just for any of you who", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00165-00063990-00064210": "are taking note of all the names here,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00166-00064210-00064566": "I'm very happy to send over an email of my set list", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00167-00064566-00064779": "to Sheila Falls Keohane.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00168-00064779-00064950": "And if any of you want to pick up a copy,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00169-00064950-00065121": "I'm sure Sheila would be happy to give you the set", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00170-00065121-00065400": "list because sometimes it's hard to remember all the names,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00171-00065400-00065630": "and the actual spellings of, and all of that.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00172-00065630-00065896": "So as I said, I'm very happy to do that.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00173-00065896-00066123": "So I will continue now with these three hornpipes,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00174-00066123-00066432": "\"Tailor's Twist,\" \"Cronin's,\" and \"Sherwood", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00175-00066432-00066694": "Rangers.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00176-00066694-00067193": "[MUSIC PLAYING]", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00177-00094305-00094417": "Three hornpipes.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00178-00094417-00094702": "\"Tailor's Twist,\" \"Cronin's\" and \"Sherwood", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00179-00094702-00094860": "Rangers.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00180-00094860-00094962": "Now I'm going to play--", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00181-00094962-00095179": "I should have said that this fiddle that I'm playing", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00182-00095179-00095314": "is from the Shetland Islands.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00183-00095314-00095548": "It was made for me by a man called Ewen Thompson.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00184-00095808-00096013": "The reason I'm saying that is because Shetland is", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00185-00096013-00096328": "a great area for fiddle music.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00186-00096328-00096526": "Shetland Islands are about 200 miles", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00187-00096526-00096805": "off the northeast coast of Scotland,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00188-00096805-00097043": "literally between Scotland and Norway.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00189-00097043-00097259": "So from Aberdeen in the northeast of Scotland", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00190-00097259-00097816": "up to Lerwick, which is the main town on Shetland,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00191-00097816-00098032": "it's about the same distance to travel there", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00192-00098032-00098269": "as it is from Lerwick over to Bergen", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00193-00098269-00098498": "in the western part of Norway.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00194-00098498-00098773": "So there’s a very rich Finnish tradition in Shetland,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00195-00098773-00099043": "and I go up and down there, have been for many years.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00196-00099043-00099217": "But this fiddle is from there.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00197-00099217-00099376": "I just thought I should tell you that.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00198-00099376-00099583": "I’m going to change now to another fiddle", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00199-00099583-00099942": "here so I'll just be out of camera for a minute.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00200-00099942-00100360": "And this other fiddle; it was made for me in Ireland", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00201-00100360-00100702": "by a Dutch man called Mick de Hoog", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00202-00100702-00101152": "and he's based out of Dublin on the east coast.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00203-00101152-00101422": "I'm tuning to fiddle a half tone down here because I'm going", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00204-00101422-00101734": "to play for you a slow piece.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00205-00101734-00102019": "It's a lovely air, a song air that comes from", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00206-00102019-00102499": "County Waterford, down in the southeast part of Ireland.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00207-00102499-00102766": "And it's one of our best known emigrant songs", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00208-00102766-00102998": "in the sean nós tradition.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00209-00102998-00103308": "And it was written by a man called Pádraig Ó Mileadha who", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00210-00103308-00103726": "comes from Sliabh gCua, but the actual name of the tune", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00211-00103726-00103947": "is called Sliabh Geal gCua.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00212-00103947-00104173": "It's to do with a mountain range", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00213-00104173-00104464": "down in the west part of Waterford, which is known", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00214-00104464-00104621": "locally as the Deise country.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00215-00104621-00104931": "D-E-I-S-E. Deise country, West Waterford.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00216-00104931-00105073": "So it's a beautiful song air", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00217-00105073-00105332": "from that area called \"Sliabh Geal gCua.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00218-00105630-00106079": "[MUSIC PLAYING]", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00219-00124693-00124825": "Sliabh Geal gCua.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00220-00124825-00125208": "And as I said, the fiddle is tuned a half tone down,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00221-00125208-00125388": "and I like to do that for the slow airs.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00222-00125388-00125723": "So that represents, I suppose, the song part of our tradition.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00223-00125723-00125927": "I don't sing, but I play the fiddle.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00224-00125927-00126065": "And as I said, a song air", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00225-00126065-00126394": "is something that I wanted to include on this program.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00226-00126394-00126615": "So now I’ll go back to the other fiddle again,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00227-00126615-00126981": "and I'll play a selection of jigs this time.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00228-00126981-00127552": "These are jigs that I tend to play when I open a set here,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00229-00127552-00127725": "and well of course, this year we've", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00230-00127725-00128133": "had no live concerts in Ireland apart", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00231-00128133-00128338": "from at the very beginning of the year of course,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00232-00128338-00128463": "before this pandemic struck.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00233-00128463-00128745": "So earlier in the year, and maybe last year,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00234-00128745-00129110": "I was opening my sets with this particular selection of jigs.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00235-00129110-00129461": "And they're all  tradition jigs, these four.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00236-00129461-00129690": "The final two, the third and fourth jig,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00237-00129690-00129961": "are definitely played quite a bit in sessions over here.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00238-00129961-00130141": "And I think they are in the States as well.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00239-00130141-00130366": "I'm sure you know the concept of sessions where people", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00240-00130366-00130535": "all just gather together and play", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00241-00130535-00130830": "some music in a bar situation.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00242-00130830-00131066": "And the sessions are very popular here in Ireland", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00243-00131066-00131221": "and have been for many years.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00244-00131221-00131456": "So those of you who come to Ireland to play music,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00245-00131456-00131625": "you know all about that.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00246-00131625-00131844": "So the four jigs in question are \"Have a Drink", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00247-00131844-00132186": "with Me,\" which is a good title I think for a tune", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00248-00132186-00132333": "when you're going to a bar.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00249-00132333-00132462": "\"Have a Drink with Me.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00250-00132462-00132629": "The second one is the \"Girls of Banbridge,\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00251-00132629-00132924": "then \"The Boys of the Town,\" and finally, \"The Tar", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00252-00132924-00133051": "Road to Sligo.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00253-00133051-00133259": "So four jigs for you.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00254-00133259-00133659": "[MUSIC PLAYING]", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00255-00160122-00160202": "Four jigs.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00256-00160202-00160471": "I suppose they're associated with Sligo, Sligo music,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00257-00160471-00160676": "but they're actually played all over the country.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00258-00160676-00160982": "They're one selection that, as I say,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00259-00160982-00161324": "wouldn't be synonymous with any one particular part of Ireland.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00260-00161324-00161429": "They're generally played.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00261-00161429-00161705": "And especially the last two jigs, they're widely known", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00262-00161705-00162108": "and widely played in sessions all over the place.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00263-00162108-00162380": "So the names of those again are \"Have a Drink With Me,\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00264-00162380-00162623": "\"The Girls of Banbridge,\" \"The Boys of the Town,\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00265-00162623-00162941": "and \"The Tar Road to Sligo.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00266-00162941-00163103": "Now let me see what's next.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00267-00163103-00163361": "I'm going to play a different type of piece.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00268-00163361-00163559": "I have to change the fiddle again here.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00269-00163559-00164216": "And on the low fiddle of the low tuned down, half toned fiddle.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00270-00164216-00164426": "And this piece is an interesting one.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00271-00164426-00164717": "The background to it is that a man called", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00272-00164717-00164906": "Johnny McCarthy wrote the tune.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00273-00164906-00165047": "Johnny is from Cork.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00274-00165047-00165239": "He's a fiddle player, and a flute player.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00275-00165239-00165410": "And I've met him over the years, and I've", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00276-00165410-00165591": "been asking about this tune.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00277-00165591-00165764": "He wrote it, I think, in the early '90s", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00278-00165764-00166148": "when he was living just outside Zurich in Switzerland.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00279-00166148-00166704": "And the piece of music is called \"Kusnacht,\" K-U-S-N-A-C-H-T.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00280-00166704-00166757": "Kusnacht.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00281-00166757-00167033": "I asked him about the title, Kusnacht.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00282-00167033-00167369": "It's the German word for a kiss in the night, that's", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00283-00167369-00167540": "what it literally means.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00284-00167540-00167897": "But Kusnacht is an area, is a suburb of Zurich.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00285-00167897-00168222": "And Johnny really loved the place when he live there,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00286-00168222-00168614": "and apparently a lot of older people, retirees,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00287-00168614-00168818": "have come to that area over the years to live.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00288-00168818-00169028": "It's a beautiful area apparently.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00289-00169028-00169445": "And it has had many famous residents.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00290-00169445-00169757": "Probably the best known of all is a lady", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00291-00169757-00169910": "that I'm sure whose name you're all", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00292-00169910-00170078": "very familiar with over there.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00293-00170078-00170537": "A lady born in 1939 just outside Brownsville in Tennessee.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00294-00170537-00170742": "And the queen of rock and roll herself.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00295-00170742-00171067": "And the lady I'm referring to, of course, is Tina Turner.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00296-00171067-00171299": "So Tina Turner is a resident of Kusnacht", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00297-00171299-00171612": "and has been since 1994.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00298-00171612-00171818": "So that's the background to the tune.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00299-00171818-00172166": "It's a lovely slow piece by Johnny McCarthy.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00300-00172166-00172271": "I'll play it for you now.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00301-00172271-00172345": "\"Kusnacht.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00302-00172744-00173243": "[MUSIC PLAYING]", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00303-00194313-00194678": "Johnny McCarthy's piece, \"Kusnacht.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00304-00194678-00194728": "OK.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00305-00194728-00194926": "I'm going to change back the fiddle again, just", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00306-00194926-00195106": "bear with me.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00307-00195106-00195503": "And I'm going to play a set of reels now", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00308-00195503-00195816": "that are very much characteristic of Sligo fiddle", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00309-00195816-00195872": "playing.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00310-00195872-00196145": "Sligo, the region in the Northwest where I grew up.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00311-00196145-00196352": "And this is a set of reel that I just recently", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00312-00196352-00196706": "recorded on my solo album just over a year ago.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00313-00196706-00196997": "An album called The Copperplate Sessions.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00314-00196997-00197438": "And the opening reel is known as \"Bonnie Kate.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00315-00197438-00197640": "It's a very well known traditional reel.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00316-00197640-00197867": "The second one is “The Hare’s Paw.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00317-00197867-00198212": "The third and fourth are the Old and the New Copperplate reels.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00318-00198212-00198457": "Hence the title of \"The Copperplate Set,\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00319-00198457-00198653": "this being \"The Copperplate Set,\" and the album", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00320-00198653-00198881": "is called The Copperplate Sessions.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00321-00198881-00199019": "And then the fifth and final reel", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00322-00199019-00199363": "is a version of \"The Mason's Apron.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00323-00199363-00199673": "And it's a version I got from the whistle playing of a man", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00324-00199673-00199788": "called Micho Russell.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00325-00199788-00200039": "He was from Doolin in northwest Clare,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00326-00200039-00200345": "about an hour and a half north of where I am now.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00327-00200345-00200504": "And Micho was one of three brothers;", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00328-00200504-00200711": "Micho, Gussie, and Packie Russell.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00329-00200711-00201070": "Three well-known brothers in Doolin, the Russell brothers.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00330-00201070-00201257": "And this was Micho's particular version", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00331-00201257-00201368": "of \"The Mason's Apron.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00332-00201368-00201602": "So \"Bonnie Kate,\" \"The Hare’s Paw,\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00333-00201602-00201921": "The Old and New \"Copperplate\" reels and \"Mason's Apron.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00334-00202636-00202866": "And I think these will be played very much in the Sligo", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00335-00202866-00203106": "style of fiddle playing that I referred to earlier on.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00336-00203106-00203634": "Lots of energy, lots of long bows, and vibrancy", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00337-00203634-00203742": "in the music of Sligo.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00338-00203742-00204023": "And I suppose the best known exponents of Sligo fiddle", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00339-00204023-00204206": "music, and I'm sure the names that you", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00340-00204206-00204630": "have heard of, Michael Coleman, James Morrison, Paddy Killoran", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00341-00204630-00204753": "but there are many more.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00342-00204753-00205005": "But these are the people who are best known", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00343-00205005-00205190": "in that Sligo tradition.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00344-00205190-00205476": "They all left Sligo as young men,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00345-00205476-00205698": "well certainly Michael Coleman and James Morrison", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00346-00205698-00206037": "did, went to the States, and lived out their lives", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00347-00206037-00206346": "in New York, and then both died young men.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00348-00206346-00206648": "Michael Coleman died in 1945.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00349-00206648-00206988": "And I think he was only in his 50s at the time.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00350-00206988-00207442": "And then, two years later James Morrison died in 1947.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00351-00207442-00207804": "So Sligo style of fiddling is very much very highly", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00352-00207804-00208148": "regarded still in Irish traditional music.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00353-00208148-00208309": "So five reels from Sligo.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00354-00208309-00208463": "\"The Copperplate Set\" as I call them.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00355-00209012-00209511": "[MUSIC PLAYING]", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00356-00224560-00224682": "So I'm back to you again now.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00357-00224682-00224892": "And I'm going to continue now by playing", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00358-00224892-00225039": "a couple of barn dances.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00359-00225039-00225253": "We played jigs, and hornpipes, and reels up", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00360-00225253-00225458": "to now, and a slow piece.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00361-00225458-00225743": "And now I'm going to play a couple of barn dances.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00362-00225743-00226006": "These are tunes that I recorded way back with the group Buttons", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00363-00226006-00226255": "and Bows. That's Jackie Daly, my brother,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00364-00226255-00226807": "Seamus McGuire, and myself, and Garry O’Briain. So that", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00365-00226807-00227152": "group still plays together in Ireland primarily,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00366-00227152-00227335": "but then we recorded these tunes.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00367-00227335-00227573": "\"The Chaffpool Post,\" and \"Belle of the Ball,\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00368-00227573-00227728": "two lovely barn dances.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00369-00227728-00228091": "Chaffpool is the small little townland outside Tubbercurry", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00370-00228091-00228292": "in South County Sligo.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00371-00228292-00228498": "And every year there's a south Sligo summer", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00372-00228498-00228717": "school happens in Tubbercurry.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00373-00228717-00228958": "So if you're ever over in Ireland in July,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00374-00228958-00229173": "and you get the Willie Clancy school,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00375-00229173-00229594": "the following week every year is the south Sligo summer school", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00376-00229594-00229714": "in Tubbercurry.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00377-00229714-00229981": "And Chaffpool is a small little townland, as I said,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00378-00229981-00230129": "just outside Tubbercurry.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00379-00230129-00230435": "\"Chaffpool Post,\" and \"Belle of the Ball.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00380-00230435-00230662": "These are two old traditional barn dances.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00381-00231261-00231710": "[MUSIC PLAYING]", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00382-00248942-00249241": "\"Chaffpool Post,\" and \"Belle of the Ball.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00383-00249241-00249446": "I'm going to switch fiddles again now because I'm", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00384-00249446-00249654": "going to play a slow piece.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00385-00249654-00250064": "I'll tell you now, this is another song air,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00386-00250064-00250369": "just like the Sliabh Geal gCua earlier on.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00387-00250369-00250996": "And this is an iconic song from the Oriel tradition.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00388-00250996-00251285": "Oriel would be regarded as the area in county Louth,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00389-00251285-00251531": "on the Louth-Armagh border, Slieve Gullion, all", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00390-00251531-00251660": "around there.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00391-00251660-00252107": "And it was written, and probably composed to an original air", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00392-00252107-00252206": "by Peadar Ó Doirnín.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00393-00252206-00252344": "I was just checking my note there", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00394-00252344-00252619": "on that because I want you to see his lifespan,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00395-00252619-00252905": "1700-1769.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00396-00252905-00253330": "And he was a writer of love poetry and harper, Peadar Ó", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00397-00253330-00253414": "Doirnín.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00398-00253414-00253577": "So the Oriel tradition, as I say,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00399-00253577-00253894": "is over in the eastern part of Ireland, about an hour", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00400-00253894-00254210": "and a half north of Dublin, just north", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00401-00254210-00254552": "of Dundalk in north county Louth, maybe south Armagh", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00402-00254552-00254644": "as well.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00403-00254644-00254790": "And this is a song that comes from", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00404-00254790-00255185": "there, a song air called Úr Chnoc Chéin Mhic Cáinte.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00405-00255185-00255602": "It's an Irish word, but again, as I said earlier,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00406-00255602-00255779": "the set list is written out, and I'll", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00407-00255779-00255973": "be happy to send it on to Sheila,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00408-00255973-00256091": "and you can get it that way.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00409-00256091-00256400": "So just for the correct spelling of all of these tunes.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00410-00256400-00256853": "So as I said, I'm trying to represent most of the country.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00411-00256853-00257103": "Donegal, Sligo, Cork Kerry earlier on,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00412-00257103-00257255": "and I'm over in the Oriel tradition.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00413-00257255-00257585": "So I hope you enjoy this air.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00414-00257585-00257666": "Úr Chnoc Chéin Mhic Cáinte.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00415-00258492-00258941": "[MUSIC PLAYING]", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00416-00272507-00272813": "Úr Chnoc Chéin Mhic Cáinte.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00417-00272813-00272992": "I have one more piece to play for you.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00418-00272992-00273220": "I'll just change fiddles again.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00419-00273220-00273805": "And I'm going to play now a selection of three reels.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00420-00273805-00274021": "The first one is known as Martin Wynne's, it's", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00421-00274021-00274222": "one of the many tunes that Martin Wynne wrote.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00422-00274222-00274393": "Now just to give you a bit of background,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00423-00274393-00274543": "Martin Wynne was from a place called", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00424-00274543-00274783": "Bunninadden in county Sligo.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00425-00274783-00275244": "He lived from 1913 to 1998.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00426-00275244-00275473": "And he, like a lot of Sligo fiddle players,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00427-00275473-00275867": "he emigrated way back then firstly to London, England,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00428-00275867-00276054": "and wrote a lot of tunes there.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00429-00276054-00276229": "But then he eventually went to the States.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00430-00276229-00276724": "He went to Buffalo first, and then down into New York.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00431-00276724-00277007": "And he had an apartment in the Bronx.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00432-00277007-00277370": "And he arrived in New York in 1948.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00433-00277370-00277650": "So he just missed Michael Coleman and James Morrison.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00434-00277650-00277982": "But he got to play with wonderful Sligo fiddle players", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00435-00277982-00278209": "like Paddy Killoran and Lad O'Beirne.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00436-00278209-00278551": "And I was very fortunate, as a young fellow when I first", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00437-00278551-00278881": "went to the States, to get to meet and play", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00438-00278881-00279239": "tunes with Martin Wynne in his apartment in the Bronx.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00439-00279239-00279520": "I think that was 1977 when I went over first.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00440-00279796-00280189": "It was an amazing time for me to get to meet him,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00441-00280189-00280345": "I was so delighted.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00442-00280345-00280694": "And to get him to meet him, and played his own tunes with him.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00443-00280694-00281021": "This is one of his tunes, Martin Wynne's \"Number Three.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00444-00281021-00281215": "And then the next tune after that", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00445-00281215-00281392": "is called the \"Pinch of Snuff.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00446-00281392-00281707": "And then finally, a tune called \"Music in the Glen.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00447-00281707-00281881": "So three reels, Martin Wynne's \"Number", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00448-00281881-00282184": "Three,\" \"Pinch of Snuff,\" and \"Music in the Glen.\"", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00449-00282184-00282464": "So I'm going to finish with these, but before I do,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00450-00282464-00282964": "I want to particularly thank Sheila Falls Keohane.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00451-00282964-00283192": "She was wonderful, and so helpful", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00452-00283192-00283400": "in getting all this done.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00453-00283400-00283729": "She asked me to do this show, of course, in real life,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00454-00283729-00283908": "as a real concert in Boston.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00455-00283908-00284179": "I was due to be there as part of my tour in October,", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00456-00284179-00284598": "but for reasons we all know now, that wasn't going to happen.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00457-00284598-00284750": "So I'm doing it from my home here", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00458-00284750-00284931": "and I'm delighted to do it.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00459-00284931-00285209": "And I hope that you get some benefit from it.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00460-00285209-00285435": "And so I want to thank Sheila very much.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00461-00285435-00285620": "And I want to thank all your IT team", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00462-00285620-00285954": "over there who are editing and helping to put", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00463-00285954-00286063": "all this together as well.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00464-00286063-00286200": "I know they're doing a great job.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00465-00286200-00286469": "So I want to say thank you very much to all of them.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00466-00286469-00286604": "So I'll finish up with these.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00467-00286604-00286760": "I hope you've enjoyed it.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00468-00286760-00287081": "It's been about, I don't know 45, 50 minutes or so.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00469-00287081-00287297": "I hope you've enjoyed it, and I really", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00470-00287297-00287406": "enjoyed doing it for you.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00471-00287406-00287766": "So thanks very much from myself, Manus McGuire.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00472-00287766-00288039": "Stay well and I'll hope to get to see you in real life", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00473-00288039-00288098": "the next time.", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00474-00288996-00289445": "[MUSIC PLAYING]", "gPmM1-5aeoo-00475-00303729-00303908": "Bye-Bye for now."}}, {"audio_id": "gPo6jrsfiAI", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "gPZIlnUB4gU", "text": {"gPZIlnUB4gU-00000-00000072-00000592": "Hey GraviTrax fans. Starter set Lite is out. We've been anticipating this all", "gPZIlnUB4gU-00001-00000592-00000919": "year. It's got some of these special components like the mini base plates.", "gPZIlnUB4gU-00002-00000992-00001807": "Let's check out where it's available for sale. It is available in Finland. You can buy it", "gPZIlnUB4gU-00003-00001807-00002880": "in Sweden. Denmark. Several Denmark sites. Panduro has it both in Danish crowns and in pounds,", "gPZIlnUB4gU-00004-00002880-00003208": "so i don't know if that means they're going to be able to ship it to the UK?", "gPZIlnUB4gU-00005-00003311-00003896": "It's available in Belgium and they have it buy one get the second half off. Remember all of", "gPZIlnUB4gU-00006-00003896-00004560": "these pieces are in GraviSheet 4.3. You can look at the Lite versus the other starter sets and you", "gPZIlnUB4gU-00007-00004560-00005416": "can compare the pieces that are inside of them, so just search YouTube for \"GraviSheet Intro\".", "gPZIlnUB4gU-00008-00005592-00005968": "All right, we can buy this starter set Lite available now."}}, {"audio_id": "gPaRzLed3BQ", "text": {"gPaRzLed3BQ-00000-00000000-00000009": "Waiting for freak luck is for suckers", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00001-00000009-00000137": "it'll work for you", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00002-00000369-00000825": "When I was a kid I'd stare off with these uh street lights for like 30 minutes and try not to blink", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00003-00000825-00001193": "because I knew being uncomfortable might come in handy someday", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00004-00001409-00002087": "cry every day you take your lumps everybody's got lumps it's a lumpy life period", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00005-00002737-00002865": "a few hours that's it", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00006-00003081-00003177": "thanks appreciate it", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00007-00003191-00003544": "[ The Legend is Back ]", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00008-00003721-00003873": "What about you Daddy?", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00009-00003873-00004151": "We'll be back before you wake up and we'll be fine", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00010-00004151-00004351": "[ For The Final Fight ]", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00011-00005654-00006081": "I'm good, I'm good, we gonna be good", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00012-00006577-00006975": "I think working hard makes your head strong", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00013-00006975-00007803": "* This video was made possible by Patreon *", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00014-00008785-00009393": "thank you guys for tuning in today's dream trailer if you enjoyed this video I", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00015-00009473-00010177": "believe you guys will enjoy content coming to MacamTV Patreon that's right", "gPaRzLed3BQ-00016-00010177-00011265": "read the wordings right there I'll see you guys in the flip side"}}, {"audio_id": "gRdNB_ptiRY", "text": {"gRdNB_ptiRY-00000-00000462-00000794": "Please remember to subscribe to my channel", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00001-00001226-00001320": "mom", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00002-00001410-00001548": "You want to play this", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00003-00001646-00001826": "Will you help me put in coins?", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00004-00002448-00002584": "We choose Anpanman, shall we?", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00005-00004302-00004380": "This is yours", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00006-00004386-00004460": "This is dad's", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00007-00005736-00005952": "Wow! we beat Meany man", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00008-00008384-00008500": "Are you the only one playing?", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00009-00008548-00008652": "no...", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00010-00008892-00009092": "Two people playing together", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00011-00010274-00010404": "Are you running ?", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00012-00010404-00010508": "No need", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00013-00013602-00013802": "Anpanman", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00014-00014091-00014244": "Say bye bye ~ finished", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00015-00014318-00014502": "Put this back", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00016-00014502-00014640": "Then take the card", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00017-00014880-00015122": "Wow! What did you draw?", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00018-00015240-00015394": "is it this one?", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00019-00015413-00015568": "See if it's the same", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00020-00016162-00016572": "Thanks for watching", "gRdNB_ptiRY-00021-00016580-00017296": "Please share or subscribe if you like our videos ~ Thanks for your support!"}}, {"audio_id": "gR0N6RdBef0", "text": {"gR0N6RdBef0-00000-00001099-00001450": "So I’d like to tell you a little bit about one of the exciting new developments in the", "gR0N6RdBef0-00001-00001450-00002135": "tissue engineering and regenerative medicine portfolio from MIT from Dr. Sangeeta Bhatia.", "gR0N6RdBef0-00002-00002135-00002636": "And the problem that she’s trying to address is the fact that when we try to evaluate new", "gR0N6RdBef0-00003-00002636-00003078": "drugs it’s often very difficult because the best we have right now is to use an animal", "gR0N6RdBef0-00004-00003078-00003632": "model system but those responses are not often typical of human responses and so therefore", "gR0N6RdBef0-00005-00003632-00003875": "they don’t give us the information we need.", "gR0N6RdBef0-00006-00003875-00004390": "So what Dr. Bhatia and her colleagues have done is to make a construct that is made up", "gR0N6RdBef0-00007-00004390-00004985": "of human hepatocytes, or liver cells, and mix them with supporting cells as well as", "gR0N6RdBef0-00008-00004985-00005519": "a matrix to support this and wrap it all up in protective hydrogel so that they’re able", "gR0N6RdBef0-00009-00005519-00005805": "to generate a little miniature liver.", "gR0N6RdBef0-00010-00005805-00006367": "Once this little liver is transplanted into a mouse the product of this is a mouse that", "gR0N6RdBef0-00011-00006367-00006929": "can provide both mouse liver function as well as human liver function.", "gR0N6RdBef0-00012-00006929-00007582": "So there’s been this interest in understanding human specific liver responses in particular", "gR0N6RdBef0-00013-00007582-00008197": "how human livers metabolize drugs and are susceptible to the toxicity induced by those", "gR0N6RdBef0-00014-00008197-00008297": "drugs.", "gR0N6RdBef0-00015-00008297-00008606": "So when one is making a new compound it’s really important to understand those species", "gR0N6RdBef0-00016-00008606-00009146": "specific responses that typically don’t show up until clinical trials in patients.", "gR0N6RdBef0-00017-00009146-00009721": "The hope of the field has been to make mice with—that somehow help predict these human", "gR0N6RdBef0-00018-00009721-00009821": "responses.", "gR0N6RdBef0-00019-00009821-00010503": "So our idea was to make a tissue engineered human liver and implant it in a mouse, engineer", "gR0N6RdBef0-00020-00010503-00010956": "it so that the human hepatocytes would be stabilized, that they would express all their", "gR0N6RdBef0-00021-00010956-00011504": "human specific functions and that they would be engrafted and therein the mouse would have", "gR0N6RdBef0-00022-00011504-00011947": "its own liver but in addition a little human organoid.", "gR0N6RdBef0-00023-00011947-00012320": "So essentially through tissue engineering what we’ve done is make a very robust technology", "gR0N6RdBef0-00024-00012320-00012884": "that allows us to make large cohorts of animals with human liver responses that can be used", "gR0N6RdBef0-00025-00012884-00013050": "for testing.", "gR0N6RdBef0-00026-00013050-00013622": "Our hope is that this will be the use of tissue engineering to create a drug discovery and", "gR0N6RdBef0-00027-00013622-00013722": "development platform.", "gR0N6RdBef0-00028-00013722-00014044": "So ultimately our long term goal of course is to create livers that will implant into", "gR0N6RdBef0-00029-00014044-00014540": "patients but in the near term we’d really like to be able to make this tool to transform", "gR0N6RdBef0-00030-00014540-00014766": "biomedical translational research."}}, {"audio_id": "gRlYv9oywAg", "text": {"gRlYv9oywAg-00000-00000000-00000200": "Gunna"}}, {"audio_id": "gRtQNsJdZmg", "text": {"gRtQNsJdZmg-00000-00000101-00000700": "Is it possible to compare your new drive motor with the DA-100S motor, or are these different categories?", "gRtQNsJdZmg-00001-00000700-00001300": "These are different categories, different versions, and the motors are designed for different purposes.", "gRtQNsJdZmg-00002-00001300-00003000": "Because the DA-100S, DA-90S motors are IP22 open version, and we have IP65, because the DA-90S motor cannot be put in water, it is open, and this one can be put in water.", "gRtQNsJdZmg-00003-00003000-00004400": "Additionally, the DA-100S, DA-90S motors do not have their own ventilation system, and the new motor has it.", "gRtQNsJdZmg-00004-00004400-00005800": "And here the encoder is open, there it is built-in, closed, so these are different constructions, different versions of electric machines and for different purposes.", "gRtQNsJdZmg-00005-00005800-00006400": "So these are different motors, different machines."}}, {"audio_id": "gRGC3Gou_Bc", "text": {"gRGC3Gou_Bc-00000-00000010-00000472": "( Tenisha sings ♫ ): Active Learning Ambush, Active Learning Ambush! ( ♫ )", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00001-00000472-00000888": "( upbeat music playing ♫ )", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00002-00000888-00001192": "Hello, and welcome to the Active Learning Ambush.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00003-00001192-00001382": "I'm your host, Tenisha Baca.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00004-00001382-00001836": "I'm actually standing outside of the High Tech Center 2 to see if I can find anyone", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00005-00001836-00002184": "who can share any active learning strategies for the Active Learning Ambush.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00006-00002184-00002564": "( Tenisha ): The Robinson Room is open, so I'm going to walk in and see who's in here.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00007-00002564-00002822": "( Tenisha ): And I see Sherry!", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00008-00002822-00002964": "( Tenisha ): Hello, how are you?", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00009-00002964-00003082": "I'm good. How are you?", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00010-00003082-00003194": "( Tenisha ): I'm doing good.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00011-00003194-00003415": "( Tenisha ): I'm doing the Active Learning Ambush.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00012-00003415-00003740": "( Tenisha ): I'm looking for people who have active learning strategies.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00013-00003740-00004020": "( Tenisha ): Would you be willing to share one with our audience today?", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00014-00004021-00004121": "I would be!", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00015-00004121-00004220": "( Tenisha ): All right!", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00016-00004220-00004486": "( Tenisha ): So what's the strategy that you have?", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00017-00004486-00005040": "For my critical thinking and critical reading 101 class, I just did this a couple weeks", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00018-00005040-00005232": "ago, \"Where do you stand?\"", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00019-00005232-00005332": "( Tenisha ): Nice.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00020-00005332-00006001": "So it involves 3 signs, I post 3 signs on the wall: an \"Agree\", a \"Neutral\", a \"Disagree\".", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00021-00006001-00006242": "And I use it to introduce issues.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00022-00006242-00006938": "So we look at a structure of an argument in CRE (Critical Reading) and I post an issue, usually dealing with", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00023-00006938-00007492": "social issues, like immigration reform is an example of one that I've used.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00024-00007492-00007670": "And then it's in the form of a question.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00025-00007670-00008265": "So based off how they feel about that issue, they choose and go stand on a wall.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00026-00008265-00008756": "Once they're there, though, this is maybe a different spin on a 4-corner activity.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00027-00008756-00009306": "Once they're there, they turn to a partner and they explain why they chose to stand there.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00028-00009306-00009600": "So why they agree, why they are neutral or why they disagree with that issue.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00029-00009600-00010093": "I time it and I give each person 30 seconds to share with their partner.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00030-00010093-00010364": "And then after that, we open it up for open discussion.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00031-00010364-00010663": "So they've had a little bit of time to share with themselves.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00032-00010663-00010894": "What's neat about the activity is, first, it's very visual.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00033-00010894-00011027": "Everyone is up participating.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00034-00011027-00011245": "They're doing the partner share.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00035-00011245-00011489": "Then, they can ask each other questions.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00036-00011489-00012132": "Part of our class is also the way that you're asking somebody questions to keep that conversation going.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00037-00012140-00012660": "They ask each other why they feel something, and they might throw in a spin, like:", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00038-00012660-00012775": "\"Why do you feel this way?\"", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00039-00012775-00012902": "\"What if this happened?\"", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00040-00012902-00013125": "They give a different spin on it.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00041-00013125-00013601": "So then based off of that, you have students that maybe are rethinking their original position.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00042-00013601-00014158": "So then maybe they move to a different area based off how the questions are going in the discussion.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00043-00014158-00014608": "They also identify if the issue is prescriptive or descriptive.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00044-00014608-00015260": "And I do it with usually 5 to 6 different issues, so this activity goes on.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00045-00015260-00015576": "It's very nice for students who maybe are a little bit more shy.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00046-00015576-00015833": "They get the beginning opportunity to partner share.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00047-00015833-00016181": "They get the opportunity to change where they stand.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00048-00016181-00016438": "Those students that... and it's surprising.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00049-00016438-00016920": "Students that you think are quiet sometimes open up because they're very passionate about certain issues.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00050-00016926-00017132": "So then it stems other dialogue.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00051-00017132-00017644": "It's so neat, because they're looking at it from multiple perspectives and why they feel certain ways.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00052-00017652-00017906": "So it's a great activity for active learning.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00053-00017906-00018086": "( Tenisha ): Thank you so much for your time. I appreciate it!", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00054-00018086-00018182": "Ok great, thanks.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00055-00018182-00018232": "( Tenisha ): Bye.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00056-00018244-00018404": "'Til we meet again.", "gRGC3Gou_Bc-00057-00018404-00018692": "( upbeat music playing ♫ )"}}, {"audio_id": "gRPYtyn1W5U", "text": {"gRPYtyn1W5U-00000-00000000-00000614": "One of the most popular devotional songs is the one that asks God to \"Make me a servant.\"", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00001-00000614-00000730": "You know the song:", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00002-00000730-00001270": "\"Make me a Servant Lord, make me like You For You are a servant, make me one too.\"", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00003-00001270-00001760": "The melody is beautiful and the words pierce through to the very core of the character", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00004-00001760-00002042": "of Jesus and the Christian faith.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00005-00002042-00002317": "When we sing this song do we know what we are asking?", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00006-00002317-00002884": "We are asking that Jesus make us like He was, a servant.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00007-00002884-00003221": "Sounds good but do we really want this?", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00008-00003221-00003793": "Servants are obedient without grumbling; servants do the hard work; servants are responsible", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00009-00003793-00004521": "and accountable; servants do not get the praise and rewards of men; servants do service, that", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00010-00004521-00004673": "is what they are about.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00011-00004673-00004925": "One thing for sure: servants are not \"cool.\"", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00012-00004925-00005597": "The song says \"do whatever has to be done\" in order to make us servants like Jesus.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00013-00005597-00006076": "Again, sounds easy but do we realize some of the things that may happen to us in the", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00014-00006076-00006306": "fulfilling of that request?", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00015-00006306-00006949": "Our pride might have to be broken through suffering and trials in order to become like Him.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00016-00006949-00007148": "We might have to learn new tasks.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00017-00007148-00007853": "We may have to give up old positions, friends, comfort, zones, habits; in other words change,", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00018-00007853-00008192": "really change our character and our lives.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00019-00008192-00008843": "It may mean we have to sacrifice time, money and effort to reach this objective: sacrifice", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00020-00008843-00009050": "means pain.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00021-00009050-00009345": "Becoming a servant like Jesus may cause us real pain.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00022-00009345-00009590": "Do we want this?", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00023-00009590-00010160": "Most songs today talk about love (looking for it or losing it) but this song talks about", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00024-00010160-00010742": "wanting something everybody in our society is trying to get away from, humility and service.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00025-00010742-00011289": "I think when people sing this they are doing it to honor God and praise Jesus with a beautiful", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00026-00011289-00011902": "song about how He was a servant, not so much about us wanting to be servants.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00027-00011902-00012506": "Like many songs we sing, we are not totally conscious of the meaning and impact of the words.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00028-00012507-00012973": "But if we are, if we do mean it, here are some things to do that will accomplish in", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00029-00012973-00013312": "your life, the ideas expressed in this song:", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00030-00013312-00013784": "1. Pray that God will prepare you for service", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00031-00013784-00014226": "When we study the lives of the men and women of the Bible we see how God prepared them", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00032-00014226-00014785": "in various ways for the service they would eventually render to Him: Moses trained to", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00033-00014785-00015490": "survive in the desert; David trained for war; Esther prepared to be queen; Paul trained", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00034-00015490-00015644": "in the Law.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00035-00015644-00016134": "The first step is to ask God to prepare us for service; and He will.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00036-00016134-00016639": "Prepare us spiritually by dealing with our sins and helping us develop our gifts.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00037-00016639-00017276": "Prepare us emotionally and physically by providing us with the resources to equip us for service.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00038-00017276-00017854": "God answers a legitimate request to prepare us to serve Him more, or more effectively.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00039-00017854-00018286": "2. Be sensitive to opportunities for service", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00040-00018287-00018795": "We sing the song but ignore all the needs crying out for our help; ignore the announcements", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00041-00018795-00019180": "for volunteers to teach, serve, visit and give.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00042-00019180-00019406": "The church never lacks opportunities for service.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00043-00019406-00019770": "It is servants we do not have enough of.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00044-00019770-00020323": "If you want to be like Jesus, open your eyes and see that the fields are truly \"white unto", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00045-00020323-00020570": "harvest\" in opportunities for servants.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00046-00020570-00021023": "3. Remember that the servant does receive a reward", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00047-00021023-00021521": "The problem with servanthood is that it receives no honor or respect from the world, and that", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00048-00021521-00021682": "is difficult to bear.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00049-00021682-00021992": "But this is not to say that there is no honor at all.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00050-00021992-00022316": "The servant is honored by God, not by man.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00051-00022316-00022847": "The servant receives glory when Jesus comes, even though his/her position is low now.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00052-00022847-00023512": "The servant also experiences peace of mind and the joy that this produces.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00053-00023512-00024053": "The great rewards of servanthood in Christ; honor from God, glory with Jesus, peace of", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00054-00024053-00024684": "mind now, make up for whatever sacrifices that Christian service requires and far surpass", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00055-00024684-00025140": "whatever rewards the unbelievers may experience for a short time on this earth.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00056-00025140-00025697": "Do you really want to be a servant like Jesus, or are you just singing a song?", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00057-00025697-00026245": "If you do then the first step is to become His disciple through repentance and baptism.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00058-00026245-00026756": "For those disciples who have just been singing the song but want to do more, I encourage", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00059-00026756-00027360": "you to begin praying that God prepare you and provide you with an opportunity for service.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00060-00027472-00028260": "1. What skill or ability do you use the most in service to others? Which skill or ability do you use least? Why?", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00061-00028260-00028954": "2. In your opinion, why did God appoint men to be deacons and not women?", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00062-00028954-00029692": "3. Name an area of ministry in your congregation that needs help. If put in charge what would you do to improve it?", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00063-00029692-00030383": "4. Identify one circumstantial and one spiritual obstacle in your life that prevents you from more effective service to the Lord.", "gRPYtyn1W5U-00064-00030383-00031142": "5. Break the groups down into three person teams. Have each team identify two new ministries that could be established in their congregation. Feedback with details to the group."}}, {"audio_id": "gRX-Ta4bch4", "text": {"gRX-Ta4bch4-00000-00000746-00001120": "STUDENT 1: Did you see the thing on the news about the winner of the spelling bee?", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00001-00001120-00001220": "That kid’s amazing!", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00002-00001220-00001390": "STUDENT 2: I know!", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00003-00001390-00001546": "How the heck can she spell all those words?", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00004-00001546-00001867": "I don’t even know what some of them mean.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00005-00001867-00001967": "STUDENT 3: Who cares?", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00006-00001967-00002192": "What’s the point of learning to spell all those words?", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00007-00002192-00002383": "I’ve got better things to do.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00008-00002383-00002626": "I only study spelling right before a test anyway.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00009-00002626-00003030": "STUDENT 2: I guess I like the way you can work out some of them out by using common", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00010-00003030-00003221": "parts of words that you’ve heard before.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00011-00003221-00003321": "STUDENT 3: No!", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00012-00003321-00003446": "You can’t just work it out!", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00013-00003446-00003664": "Either you’re good at spelling or you’re not.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00014-00003664-00003817": "It’s just the way it is.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00015-00003817-00004287": "Anyway, you don’t need to know how to spell because Spell Check can just do it for you.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00016-00004287-00004546": "STUDENT 1: Of course you need to know how to spell.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00017-00004546-00004709": "Every day we need to decode words.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00018-00004709-00005100": "Plus, lots of different languages are coming into our language now.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00019-00005100-00005577": "If you just work at it a bit every day, you can definitely get better at spelling.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00020-00005577-00006044": "STUDENT 2: I’m not that good at spelling but I was able to work out the meaning of", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00021-00006044-00006144": "something new yesterday.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00022-00006144-00006583": "I’m getting better and i think it’s making more sense since I’ve been looking at a", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00023-00006583-00006719": "few new words each day.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00024-00006719-00006819": "STUDENT 1: Like how?", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00025-00006819-00007198": "STUDENT 2: Well, one of the words on the spelling bee was ‘circumfix’.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00026-00007198-00007808": "I thought it was related to some other words I knew like ‘suffix’ and ‘prefix’.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00027-00007808-00008377": "I also knew that circumnavigate means to go or travel around, so I figured ‘circumfix’", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00028-00008377-00008697": "was an affix on the end of each word.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00029-00008697-00008945": "Turns out, I was right!", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00030-00008945-00009383": "And, an infix is an affix inside a word!", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00031-00009383-00009483": "Just like I worked out!", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00032-00009483-00009672": "STUDENT 3: You’re such a show off.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00033-00009672-00009854": "No-one likes a smarty pants.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00034-00009854-00010131": "I’m too busy with gymnastics to look at this stuff.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00035-00010131-00010273": "It’s not my fault.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00036-00010273-00010632": "Dad wants me to go to the Olympics, so that’s what’s important in our family.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00037-00010632-00011000": "STUDENT 1: He’s not showing off, he just wants to tell you about what he learnt.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00038-00011000-00011111": "Don’t you find it interesting?", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00039-00011111-00011292": "STUDENT 3: Well, sort of.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00040-00011292-00011401": "I don’t know.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00041-00011401-00011642": "I just don’t see myself as that type of person.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00042-00011642-00012126": "STUDENT 1: Maybe we should do something like this for our group Media Arts project.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00043-00012126-00012510": "What if we made an advertisement for a school Spelling Bee?", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00044-00012510-00012986": "Michael knows how to work out the words, I’ve made a video before, and you have great Art", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00045-00012986-00013275": "skills Rachel – you could design the story board!", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00046-00013275-00013463": "I think we could come up with a great product.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00047-00013463-00013572": "STUDENT 2: I love it!", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00048-00013572-00013835": "We are totally going to nail this.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00049-00013835-00014016": "Can we get together at lunch to start planning?", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00050-00014016-00014354": "STUDENT 3: I hate when Mr Johnson gives us these silly projects.", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00051-00014354-00014632": "Why can’t we just have a test or something?", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00052-00014632-00015004": "Ok, I’ll do it, but we better get an A or my Mum won’t let", "gRX-Ta4bch4-00053-00015004-00015144": "me go to Bali for my birthday."}}, {"audio_id": "gRbQ4pES7mA", "text": {"gRbQ4pES7mA-00000-00000000-00077770": "Join Our All event https://www.nearlist24.com/"}}, {"audio_id": "gS1Qwl0IwFy", "text": {"gS1Qwl0IwFy-00000-00000300-00000800": "[Music]", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00001-00000800-00000904": "Boy: The year is 1860.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00002-00000904-00001102": "Four men are competing for the presidency", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00003-00001102-00001302": "of the United States of America.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00004-00001302-00001503": "What roads did they take to get here?", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00005-00001503-00001606": "Girl 1: They are the north,", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00006-00001606-00001704": "Girl 2: the south,", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00007-00001704-00001805": "Boy: the west.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00008-00001805-00002005": "Girl 1: They are from families of politicians.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00009-00002005-00002206": "Girl 2: They are the children of humble farmers.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00010-00002206-00002500": "Girl 3: They are school teachers and shop owners.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00011-00002500-00002902": "Girl 1: They were soldiers and lawyers.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00012-00002902-00003007": "Boy 2: John Bell was born in Nashville,", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00013-00003007-00003309": "Tennessee on February 15, 1797.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00014-00003309-00003602": "His father was a farmer, but Bell attended Nashville", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00015-00003602-00003806": "University before he went on to study law.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00016-00003806-00004105": "He worked as an attorney at law until 1827 when he was", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00017-00004105-00004309": "elected to the House of Representatives.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00018-00004309-00004704": "In 1841, after a brief time as Secretary of War,", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00019-00004704-00005001": "Bell was elected to the United States Senate.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00020-00005001-00005406": "He served as a Senator until 1859.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00021-00005406-00005708": "Boy 1: John Breckinridge was born January 21, 1821", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00022-00005708-00005909": "in Lexington, Kentucky.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00023-00005909-00006108": "He was named after his grandfather who was a United", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00024-00006108-00006403": "States Senator and Attorney General.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00025-00006403-00006602": "Breckinridge studied at Transylvania Law", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00026-00006602-00006706": "and University.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00027-00006706-00007006": "After moving around, he married Miss Mary Birch and", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00028-00007006-00007307": "returned to Kentucky.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00029-00007307-00007503": "When the Mexican War broke out,", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00030-00007503-00007703": "Breckinridge volunteered to take part,", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00031-00007703-00007901": "but his regiment was so late that they did not", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00032-00007901-00008102": "see much active service.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00033-00008102-00008207": "After practicing as a lawyer,", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00034-00008207-00008606": "he was elected to the House of Representatives in 1851.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00035-00008606-00008909": "In 1856, at only 35 years of age,", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00036-00008909-00009303": "Breckinridge became the Vice President of James Buchanan.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00037-00009303-00009409": "Boy 3: Stephen A. Douglas was born", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00038-00009409-00009809": "in Vermont on the 23rd of April in 1813.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00039-00009809-00010101": "When he was only two months old his father died,", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00040-00010101-00010407": "and Douglas was raised on a farm by his mother and uncle.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00041-00010407-00010705": "He desperately wanted to get a college education,", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00042-00010705-00010902": "but his uncle decided to keep all", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00043-00010902-00011105": "inheritance for his own son.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00044-00011105-00011504": "Douglas instead worked his own way through law school.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00045-00011504-00011906": "While working in a law office in 1833 he became ill.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00046-00011906-00012200": "The sickness lasted the entire summer and he lost", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00047-00012200-00012306": "his home and all of his money.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00048-00012306-00012601": "When he recovered he took a job teaching school", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00049-00012601-00012800": "in Illinois to make money.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00050-00012800-00013201": "A year later, at only 22, he was elected State's Attorney.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00051-00013201-00013709": "In 1847 he was elected to the United States Senate.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00052-00013709-00014005": "Boy 4: Abraham Lincoln was born in a one room log cabin", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00053-00014005-00014401": "in Kentucky on February 12, 1809.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00054-00014401-00014604": "During his childhood young Abraham", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00055-00014604-00014803": "only attended school occasionally.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00056-00014803-00015101": "He worked very hard on his father's farm and made money", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00057-00015101-00015305": "by planting and plowing for his neighbors.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00058-00015305-00015509": "Lincoln wanted to learn and borrowed books", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00059-00015509-00015703": "to read whenever possible.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00060-00015703-00016007": "At age 24 he was elected as a member of the Whig Party", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00061-00016007-00016307": "to the Illinois General Assembly where he met 21", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00062-00016307-00016700": "year old Stephen Douglas for the first time.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00063-00016700-00016807": "His studying paid off, and he finally", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00064-00016807-00017103": "got his license to practice law.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00065-00017103-00017409": "He married Mary Todd in 1842.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00066-00017409-00017804": "In 1846 Lincoln was elected to the House of Representatives.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00067-00017804-00017909": "He later served in the Senate.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00068-00017909-00018504": "He was beat out for his seat by Stephen Douglas in 1859.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00069-00018504-00018705": "Girl 2: They are husbands and fathers.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00070-00018705-00019004": "Boy 1: They are slave-owners and slavery's opponents.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00071-00019004-00019207": "Girl 1: They are senators, representatives,", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00072-00019207-00019500": "and vice presidents.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00073-00019500-00019707": "Girl 2: They are the product of America's past.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00074-00019707-00020005": "Boy 1: They are America's hope for the future.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00075-00020005-00020302": "Boy 1: On November 6, 1860, the white men in America", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00076-00020302-00020502": "will cast their votes.", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00077-00020502-00020702": "Rich or poor, native born or immigrants,", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00078-00020702-00020908": "northerners or southerners will choose the 16th", "gS1Qwl0IwFy-00079-00020908-00021304": "president of the United States of America. 00:03:33.043,00:00:00.000"}}, {"audio_id": "gS544QsSEs4", "text": {"gS544QsSEs4-00000-00000048-00000148": "Hi!", "gS544QsSEs4-00001-00000148-00000248": "Today is about \"to reinvest\".", "gS544QsSEs4-00002-00000248-00001115": "Look,I think these coaches reinvest the experience they acquired in these awesome children.I", "gS544QsSEs4-00003-00001115-00002726": "think is also good to reinvest our money on the same way,this starting also from the energy,somehow.Michael", "gS544QsSEs4-00004-00002726-00003894": "Roach says in karmic management that if us, for example must do a business where we must", "gS544QsSEs4-00005-00003894-00004880": "do a training for example and we must rent the hall we must be happy when we reinvest", "gS544QsSEs4-00006-00004880-00005007": "our money and we pay the hall to that owner and so on,no matter what business each of", "gS544QsSEs4-00007-00005007-00005237": "us is doing.", "gS544QsSEs4-00008-00005237-00005916": "The Romanian people are a little skeptical about it but we leave aside the Romanian thinking", "gS544QsSEs4-00009-00005916-00006016": "and mentality.", "gS544QsSEs4-00010-00006016-00006413": "The point is that I believe that indeed, we must reinvest money but also the energy while", "gS544QsSEs4-00011-00006413-00006513": "we give those money.Pay attention,what energy they have.Think on what you want to reinvest", "gS544QsSEs4-00012-00006513-00006513": ",bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "gSwp4_Bnt5Q", "text": {"gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00000-00000000-00000702": "you are screw we are actually screwed in fact because that is terrified holy moly Ooh La", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00001-00000702-00001206": "La ladies and gentlemen she's looking good okay let's see if we can get her let's let's go ahead", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00002-00001206-00001836": "and open this scroll today we're gonna be jumping into the world of primitive era 10 000 BC I have", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00003-00001836-00002400": "seen this game everywhere and you guys know that we love city builders and strategy games here on", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00004-00002400-00002844": "the channel so I'm excited to give this game a try and I'm also really excited to let you know that", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00005-00002844-00003390": "the creators of primitive era have generously sponsored today's video so if you like what you", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00006-00003390-00003840": "see here in today's video go ahead and give the game a try there's gonna be a link down below but", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00007-00003840-00004422": "also as a gift to all my viewers the developers of primitive era have also given me a gift code", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00008-00004422-00005046": "so make sure if you do give the game a try use code Omniarch to get free in-game rewards with all", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00009-00005046-00005400": "that out of the way let's just jump right into the game all right looks like we got a cut scene here", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00010-00005400-00005976": "massive explosion a volcanic eruption okay it's destroying the caves of the Primitive people they", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00011-00005976-00006558": "left their home and embarked on a long migration Journey that is tragic with resolve their hearts", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00012-00006558-00007145": "they endured cold and starvation that's horrible uh they finally came to this hopeful play okay", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00013-00007145-00007559": "that looks kind of beautiful I'm not gonna lie to you they're a great Village is about to be born", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00014-00007559-00008214": "and Rise you already know brother you already know okay so volcanic explosion everyone is a", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00015-00008214-00008676": "starving and travels far away from the from the the caves that they come to know and love and she", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00016-00008676-00009102": "is absolutely gorgeous can we just be honest with each other okay she's gorgeous if this is what", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00017-00009102-00009600": "cave people look like I've got a thing for cave people I suppose okay thank goodness we're here", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00018-00009600-00010146": "wow that Chief's halt looks immaculate I don't I mean maybe that's a word you could use uh but", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00019-00010146-00010704": "where is everyone I don't know man I think they all they just escaped the exploding cave so I I", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00020-00010704-00011094": "mean I don't we're gonna have to find out they're probably in the in the woods somewhere okay Uncle", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00021-00011094-00011784": "Rudd over here is gigachad he's got an Immaculate beard and hair for somebody who lives in the woods", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00022-00011784-00012186": "that's very impressive I'm heading to the gym Chiefs hold to grab some ropes do you want to help", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00023-00012186-00012660": "me cut down these trees no problem you know I'm an expert in cutting down trees alright so she's", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00024-00012660-00013068": "handy as well so we're gonna have her go ahead and cut those down and boom we are making progress", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00025-00013068-00013547": "there we go that was easy peasy one tree down a lot more to go that's that's true there's a whole", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00026-00013547-00013991": "there's a whole dang Forest who's gonna tell her all right so we've cleared some empty space let's", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00027-00013991-00014490": "go ahead and tap uh the development and we're gonna drop our laborers Hut all right this means", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00028-00014490-00014976": "we just got our first build cue all right this is rustic living ladies and gentlemen this is like", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00029-00014976-00015402": "camping out in the out in the sticks you know what I'm saying I feel like I feel like we need more", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00030-00015402-00015894": "of this we need to get back to a more primitive time charcoal Kiln all right let's drop it down", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00031-00015894-00016470": "over here hopefully we don't uh set the force on fire it'll probably be fine surely surely it'll be", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00032-00016470-00017112": "fine right uh and now we have charcoal okay that is lit it is literally lit it is illuminated now", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00033-00017112-00017484": "you can see the fire right there let's go ahead and upgrade this for one gem oh my God that's", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00034-00017484-00018030": "gonna drive my OCD insane oh no we've run out of meat you are setting me up for a joke that", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00035-00018030-00018606": "I definitely cannot make but I I will get you some meat chapter 2 surrounded by dangers so we go from", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00036-00018606-00019080": "a volcanic explosion we finally get our foothold and now it looks like the forest is filled with", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00037-00019080-00019494": "uh as it turns out dangers can you believe that but uh you know as long as she keeps cutting down", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00038-00019494-00019836": "these trees we'll make some room little bunny rabbit just runs away there that's adorable", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00039-00019836-00020310": "that's also probably dinner to be honest with you uh and we'll collect these berries surely these", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00040-00020310-00020784": "aren't poisonous berries right yeah the rabbit yes exactly see great minds think alike I also thought", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00041-00020784-00021246": "that we should probably kill that rabbit so let's go ahead and do that don't go you gotta go quicker", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00042-00021246-00021900": "than that Meyer okay you are screw we are actually screwed in fact because that is terrified true", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00043-00021900-00022416": "same that's like a YouTube thumbnail right there oh no Myra's in danger she needs her help let's", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00044-00022416-00022872": "build an infantry barracks and send out Warriors bro if she's got a bear in front of her right now", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00045-00022872-00023334": "you do not have time to build an infantry Barracks it's too late let's go ahead and get the wooden", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00046-00023334-00023838": "Club infantry we'll speed this up by five minutes boom and there we go all right we're beating him", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00047-00023838-00024264": "down sorry I put the village in danger honestly that was a little bit of a goofball move to be to", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00048-00024264-00024666": "be honest I mean it's the forest after all screw around and find out you know what I'm saying oh", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00049-00024666-00025260": "we've got an ancient Elder over here this dude's beard braids go so hard hey cheers to you brother", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00050-00025260-00025944": "yo look at the drip on this lady what is going this yo glady's over here is absolutely dripped", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00051-00025944-00026388": "out oh man I think they're attacking are we sure that's not Kratos I feel like this is Kratos is", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00052-00026388-00026850": "this not I'm pretty sure that that's what this it looks like to me but we got a fortune teller's", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00053-00026850-00027330": "Dome now so we're officially hippies everybody oh the fortune tellers are research okay that", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00054-00027330-00027738": "actually does that kind of does make sense because we're talking about like primitive people before", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00055-00027738-00028386": "before technology actually existed okay we rebuilt the heroes Lodge and now we can do a free recruit", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00056-00028386-00029033": "this gentleman right here looks sick so I wonder if we're gonna get him on the first scroll on the", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00057-00029033-00029436": "first summon okay we got Gladys okay I'm pretty sure that's probably that's probably part of the", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00058-00029436-00029910": "story honestly you probably get her every single time so that that should be expected let's see if", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00059-00029910-00030300": "we can do another fruit here it says that it says it right there maybe we can do it for free we have", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00060-00030300-00030948": "a stellar recruit that is free and this looks like we got some magic potions okay we got some ritual", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00061-00030948-00031560": "due and that's that's all we can do for right now okay we also have a epic recruit and holy", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00062-00031560-00032177": "moly Ooh La La ladies and gentlemen she's looking good okay let's see if we can get her let's let's", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00063-00032177-00032802": "go ahead and open this scroll come on dude okay all right odelia she's a badass she looks like", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00064-00032802-00033222": "she will murder you I don't know who this is but I'm trying to figure out how I can get my hands", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00065-00033222-00033702": "on on that type of on that type of hero oh wait you actually get legendary recruitment Scrolls", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00066-00033702-00034146": "just by logging in for the first couple of days so that's actually that's actually huge we're doing", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00067-00034146-00034926": "a legendary recruit now boys let's see what we got here boom we got Panacea yo she's ripped what soul", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00068-00034926-00035370": "transporter Jesus Christ she's gonna she's gonna rip your soul out of your body that's actually", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00069-00035370-00035862": "kind of hot I'm not gonna lie a wave another epic recruit can we please get the really hot girl from", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00070-00035862-00036474": "the cover that's not even close to the hot girl from the cover bro Magic Mountain Horus he looks", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00071-00036474-00037020": "like a bouncer at the local club man he's thick but not the kind of thick that we're looking for", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00072-00037020-00037692": "this is the kind of thick we're looking for man okay INR a little bit of a uh she's a priestess", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00073-00037692-00038118": "but she looks kind of goth and I'm you know you know I'm kind of into that I'm into that I like", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00074-00038118-00038688": "that okay see if we get uh let's we get here we got what uh Earl your boy Earl okay we got", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00075-00038688-00039192": "generic chat all right oh we got another free recruit what do we get here oh we got the Yeta", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00076-00039192-00039678": "okay cool nice ax bro let's take a look at some of these other Heroes here there's a lot of Heroes in", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00077-00039678-00040242": "this game oh my God we got Thicket Archer that more like thiccest archer am I right commanding", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00078-00040242-00040986": "Chief gun jeer we have Rama gruhan oh my God that's the cutest puppy I've ever seen in my", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00079-00040986-00041472": "life whole I just want to pet it I don't even care about jiri at well she's kind of cute too but the", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00080-00041472-00042102": "puppy Carlisle he's just holding a chunk of gold okay holy- let's brother looks like he could be", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00081-00042102-00042786": "in a Marvel movie he's literally just completely shredded Oh Lady of harvest bozena that's that's", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00082-00042786-00043356": "who we're talking about right there we're looking for bozena yes she is fine we got Vito", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00083-00043356-00043908": "over here just cooking up the roasted chicken honestly a lot of these different Heroes have", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00084-00043908-00044328": "pretty cool designs but oh we got a whip now okay all right let's take a look at some of the", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00085-00044328-00044766": "units here in the game obviously we start with the wooden Club infantry these are like your tier one", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00086-00044766-00045498": "units okay and you can upgrade these to Stone Club infantry so now my boy got a haircut uh and he", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00087-00045498-00046038": "got some spikes on his baseball bat which is cool next we have these Stone ax infantry okay getting", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00088-00046038-00046614": "a little bit more formidable okay um here we have the wooden Shield so an even bigger ax we love to", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00089-00046614-00047238": "see that and then we have the bone Shield infantry all right uh oh oh good it gets even bigger turtle", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00090-00047238-00048078": "shell soldier Okay uh we have the tiger hunting Warrior my dude is getting jacked whoa horned", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00091-00048078-00048792": "dinosaur fighter okay yo where does this end Rhino horn wait how is Rhino better than dinosaur wait", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00092-00048792-00049350": "a minute armed Gladiator what is this dude yo he looks like he's something out of an anime that is", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00093-00049350-00049890": "actually super cool he looks like a demon almost bro if this dude is approaching you on the streets", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00094-00049890-00050544": "or even scarier in the woods that's his Woods okay that's his Woods not yours how about those archers", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00095-00050544-00050946": "obviously we start with the stone thrower then we have the burning Stone thrower okay so they just", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00096-00050946-00051522": "literally light it on fire okay we have the spirit thrower okay that makes sense we have the bone", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00097-00051522-00052067": "spear thrower that's even scarier Vine bow Archer she's kind of cute I don't know is it just me", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00098-00052128-00052674": "um we have the bone bow Archer the mammoth Archer okay now we're getting scary yeah we're getting", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00099-00052674-00053052": "we're getting the Moa Archer yeah we're getting real scary okay this is I'm actually getting", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00100-00053052-00053658": "spooked out what is this Deer Hunter and we have the phoenix feather what just looks like a Golden", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00101-00053658-00054167": "Goddess bro bro she can one shot an elephant no problem no problem she'll cut an elephant in two", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00102-00054167-00054690": "pieces oh let's take a look at the Cavalry now so we start with boar Riders this is literally the", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00103-00054690-00055296": "tier one okay you're writing a literal board so that's sick we have the gr that's tier two gray", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00104-00055296-00055955": "wolf Rider that looks absolutely sick okay uh now we have a Cheeto Rider the Thunder beast that's", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00105-00055955-00056322": "what this is probably because when he runs it sounds like thunder that's what I'm you see", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00106-00056322-00057114": "what I'm doing there the saber-toothed tiger Rider deodon Ryder yeah I'm I'm yo black wolf Rider and", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00107-00057114-00057654": "then we have black panther what's this Superior Thunder Beast Rider what what the last One's Gonna", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00108-00057654-00058296": "Be One a dinosaur Superior saber tooth Rider bro he looks like a literal like demon think about", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00109-00058296-00058829": "how big this saber-toothed tiger has to be to be to have him on his back this dude looks like he's", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00110-00058829-00059502": "six five okay uh and this tiger looks like he's as tall as him when he's on his four legs [__]", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00111-00059502-00059994": "about like a 20 foot long tiger here this is like he can swallow you in in one bite yo is that the", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00112-00059994-00060462": "bunny from before did we get him did we get yo attack attack kill it guys I've been playing this", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00113-00060462-00060905": "game for just a couple of minutes and they already gave me a second builder for free most games make", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00114-00060905-00061428": "you pay for that either either with gems or with uh you know buying a bundle for dollars not in", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00115-00061428-00061955": "this game you get two Builder Huts right off the bat for free oh we just killed that that", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00116-00061955-00062441": "deer elk moose what was that with Pelt are people can dress warmly even in the winter yo we're gonna", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00117-00062441-00062976": "get even more dripped out honestly the graphical style I mean the world just looks beautiful I mean", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00118-00062976-00063491": "it just looks look the running water okay we've got just like this it's like we're on a tropical", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00119-00063491-00063894": "island almost uh and we're trying to we're trying to we're trying to make our way in the world you", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00120-00063894-00064302": "know what I'm saying it's just us against the forest and honestly I think that's a little bit", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00121-00064302-00064740": "more relaxing than some other city builders we've played here on the channel that are just like", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00122-00064740-00065550": "constant War you know what I mean but the real question is is the music good [Music] thank you", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00123-00066248-00066348": "[Music]", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00124-00066348-00066816": "the music is good ladies and gentlemen it is just as peaceful and relaxing as I hoped it would be", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00125-00066816-00067380": "there are beasts and barbarians everywhere outside our village for our own Survival there's no other", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00126-00067380-00068040": "way than to stand our ground in fights what's a Megalosaurus what's a gold Thief bro oh it's", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00127-00068040-00068478": "just like a big deer okay that's no problem we could we take care of that big old deer no no", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00128-00068478-00068976": "big deal let's this is our first fight actually this is the first this first open field brawl", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00129-00068976-00069498": "right here you can see we're making progress oh I joined the Scorpions Clan let's go oh you can", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00130-00069498-00069900": "actually get this dude for free just by logging in for seven days that's actually cool because", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00131-00069900-00070350": "this guy looks sick he looks like a literal he looks like a lion king I mean like look at", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00132-00070350-00070722": "this there's a whole lion head on his on his shoulder and it's it's alive because you can", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00133-00070722-00071106": "see it's got the the glowing eyes there that's actually sick so down here in the settings this", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00134-00071106-00071514": "is where you actually can redeem the gift code so you would type in Omni Arc here that's where", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00135-00071514-00071826": "you get your free stuff in case you guys are wondering all right now let's let's zoom out", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00136-00071826-00072282": "here a little bit it looks like we actually were automatically teleported to where our alliance", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00137-00072282-00072708": "Hive is so that's actually really good news that's good for new players because they won't", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00138-00072708-00073068": "have to think about teleporting to to safety it'll just do it for them automatically which", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00139-00073068-00073530": "is really good uh and here we can see we're in the open field now and there's a ton of these", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00140-00073530-00074196": "um barbarians megalosa megalosauros I'm probably pronouncing that horribly carved tooth okay that's", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00141-00074196-00074658": "terrifying and we have dire wolves which I mean that's just a puppy I just want to pet that thing", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00142-00074658-00075126": "right there what is a gold Thief is this a real thing tell me this is real is this is this like", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00143-00075126-00075516": "actually out in the world or are these extinct now because that's that's terrifying oh and you", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00144-00075516-00076134": "can actually Farm rubies here in the open world so the rubies here are the premium currency you", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00145-00076134-00076578": "obviously can get them by buying bundles but you can also get them for free by just going ahead and", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00146-00076578-00076962": "Gathering them out in the world that's really cool what is this there's a bear right there you'll", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00147-00076962-00077376": "kill them what are you doing kill the bear bro we can't just be having a remember what happened", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00148-00077376-00077766": "last time there was a bear in the city man what are you doing kill it now the four tellers Dome", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00149-00077766-00078180": "this is uh this is the the research in the game so this is what I was talking about before when", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00150-00078180-00078702": "I was discussing us pretty much being hippie okay let's go ahead and research some more of the rapid", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00151-00078702-00079266": "filtration so this looks like this is the economic tree this is your production tree okay then we", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00152-00079266-00079830": "also have the Village Development tree okay so this looks like storing materials like resources", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00153-00079830-00080550": "oh yeah we have stone output okay then we have the basic battle tree so this is obviously Archer", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00154-00080550-00081108": "promotion Cavalry promotion okay so yeah this is this is your military stuff right here that makes", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00155-00081108-00081654": "sense then we have moderate battle okay so as you progress throughout the game you unlock new trees", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00156-00081654-00082296": "here within the research uh and then we have March Q infantry promotion Archer promotion and Cavalry", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00157-00082296-00082752": "promotion interesting stuff here oh you get five legendary recruitment Scrolls if you bind your", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00158-00082752-00083112": "account which you always want to do by the way because that's going to just basically save your", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00159-00083112-00083592": "progress man we're making progress on our little city here we cleared a lot of land in one video", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00160-00083592-00084132": "that's actually pretty that's pretty good but for now that is going to do it for today's video If", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00161-00084132-00084492": "you enjoyed the video make sure you drop a thumbs up on it really helps out the channel a ton it", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00162-00084492-00084942": "helps get this video out there into the YouTube algorithm so other primitive era players might", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00163-00084942-00085596": "see it I do want to thank primitive era 10000 BC for sponsoring today's video once again generous", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00164-00085596-00086040": "sponsors like primitive era help me do what I do here on YouTube so if you want to support the", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00165-00086040-00086508": "channel and also give a new free game a try go ahead and click the link down below to download", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00166-00086508-00086940": "primitive era today it's free to start playing so you might as well give it a try while you're down", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00167-00086940-00087276": "there make sure you subscribe to the channel and click the Bell to be notified the next time that I", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00168-00087276-00087714": "upload a video and finally comment down below your thoughts on primitive error with that being said", "gSwp4_Bnt5Q-00169-00087714-00088128": "guys thank you so much for watching this has been Omniarch I will talk to you guys again soon peace"}}, {"audio_id": "gSSAm5dwQmy", "text": {"gSSAm5dwQmy-00000-00000118-00001862": "a very compelling question how many Jews", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00001-00001573-00001975": "died in the Holocaust millions do we", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00002-00001862-00002234": "know how many millions", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00003-00001975-00002423": "well they say six - that's what the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00004-00002234-00002594": "record says guys I'm gonna say the same", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00005-00002423-00002732": "burger that says only three million Jews", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00006-00002594-00002803": "existed on the planet Earth but that", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00007-00002732-00002969": "same time", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00008-00002803-00003208": "how did double the amount of Jews", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00009-00002969-00003208": "exterminated", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00010-00004293-00004660": "nobody ever will talk to you I'm", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00011-00004492-00005818": "speaking right now if you have anything", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00012-00004660-00006067": "to say you'll addressed me can I talk", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00013-00005818-00006175": "can I talk I just walked up here I'm", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00014-00006067-00006361": "sure you've been running about plenty", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00015-00006175-00006597": "before I got here so let me say what the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00016-00006361-00006784": "hell I need to say Time magazine has a", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00017-00006597-00006958": "book data compiled about the history of", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00018-00006784-00007222": "Nazi Germany are you all familiar with", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00019-00006958-00007375": "that yo were you away with it well", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00020-00007222-00007417": "you've heard of it you should look into", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00021-00007375-00007597": "it", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00022-00007417-00007797": "because right in the book it says the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00023-00007597-00008077": "reason why Hitler had an issue with Jews", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00024-00007797-00008320": "was because they follow verbatim a", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00025-00008077-00008671": "niggers religion because he said the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00026-00008320-00008886": "truly of antiquity are black so white", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00027-00008671-00009052": "people had no business following the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00028-00008886-00009264": "religious spiritual system of", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00029-00009052-00009517": "afro-asiatic black people that's", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00030-00009264-00009789": "verbatim in German all day so I've done", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00031-00009517-00009789": "the ala Jew", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00032-00010407-00010938": "you know you're not a descendant of the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00033-00010657-00010938": "Jews okay", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00034-00011235-00012474": "why is the wholesale do people say are", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00035-00011998-00012474": "you yeah you would be right", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00036-00013803-00014293": "there's not in any way shape or form", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00037-00014022-00014607": "that one of them is not a descendent", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00038-00014293-00015553": "language everybody are the descendant of", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00039-00014607-00015738": "I don't know my heritage entire guys I", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00040-00015553-00016056": "only know about you two generations back", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00041-00015738-00016417": "which allows Vertica I have done", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00042-00016056-00016582": "furniture if I am okay so it was Russian", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00043-00016417-00016858": "because that's what my adoptive of", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00044-00016582-00017068": "Russia do for work as far as I know that", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00045-00016858-00017320": "they don't even know they're here that's", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00046-00017068-00018396": "what I'm water bugs don't know our hair", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00047-00017320-00018595": "can find us we're not actually show you", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00048-00018396-00019035": "the other he's 25 I am because God is", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00049-00018595-00019287": "reaching to give me 4 :", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00050-00019035-00019681": "[Music]", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00051-00019287-00019873": "I'm not looking for your experience and", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00052-00019681-00020444": "you'd like to do it what I like you to", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00053-00019873-00020784": "live with yes where did you I mean if", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00054-00020444-00020784": "that's what you want to take out of it", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00055-00022473-00023641": "he talked love correct okay love right", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00056-00023212-00023833": "okay he thought love right the progress", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00057-00023641-00024115": "that they're 11 verse plenary of both", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00058-00023833-00024319": "Valley a what a bump family of folks on", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00059-00024115-00024583": "the screen is an abomination to the Lord", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00060-00024319-00024781": "God said is a false balance an", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00061-00024583-00025123": "abomination what be these are just all", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00062-00024781-00026533": "love that's abominable love has to be", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00063-00025123-00026806": "balanced with what do you mean we're all", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00064-00026533-00027019": "hate that's what I don't hate nobody up", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00065-00026806-00027457": "here I don't think nobody standing over", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00066-00027019-00027780": "there there's a lot more love here than", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00067-00027457-00027780": "there's only two people", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00068-00031207-00031885": "the second survivors pretty well and", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00069-00031535-00032083": "there unless their images and envy the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00070-00031885-00032464": "decision", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00071-00032083-00032752": "I agree and the Philistines came up in", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00072-00032464-00033044": "his present self in the belly of Ravana", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00073-00032752-00033712": "and with David inquired of the Lord he", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00074-00033044-00033712": "said thou shalt not go up but 21 was fun", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00075-00034127-00034585": "right here", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00076-00034309-00034909": "we're 20 and David gets of a Javier's in", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00077-00034585-00035163": "came to what but here and then college", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00078-00034909-00035407": "football now as in no it's not all the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00079-00035163-00035581": "time before is an idol that certain", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00080-00035407-00035956": "people worship but but all also means", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00081-00035581-00036178": "what people and we know no it simply", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00082-00035956-00036412": "means Lord so every time you see before", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00083-00036178-00036658": "that's not their God the Most High God", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00084-00036412-00036813": "of the Bible was also scald but all of", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00085-00036658-00036841": "certain things meaning Lord of certain", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00086-00036813-00037036": "things", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00087-00036841-00037228": "individuals are named for all our Lord", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00088-00037036-00037276": "so every time you see Mahal it's not an", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00089-00037228-00037513": "idol", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00090-00037276-00037777": "it's called for all parody what is", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00091-00037513-00038035": "parenting the division so what is God", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00092-00037777-00038257": "called in the Bible the Lord of division", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00093-00038035-00038482": "oh yes to bring division because the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00094-00038257-00038833": "Most High God is the lord of division", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00095-00038482-00039022": "and David smoked in there and said the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00096-00038833-00039313": "Lord that roughly part before my hands", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00097-00039022-00039372": "oh the Lord had broken the Lord who is", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00098-00039313-00039535": "the Lord", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00099-00039372-00039661": "what's that when he says the Lord in the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00100-00039535-00039871": "King James Bible what's there in the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00101-00039661-00040051": "Hebrew Hashem is there correctly Friday", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00102-00039871-00040197": "night hi she was there you know but this", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00103-00040051-00040474": "is all this is like this is this is", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00104-00040197-00040693": "upper case so this is Hashem again right", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00105-00040474-00040759": "this is this is a second Samuel", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00106-00040693-00041008": "five-and-twenty", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00107-00040759-00041224": "that's how chimney read the Lord has", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00108-00041008-00041503": "broken forth upon my enemies before me", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00109-00041224-00041734": "as they're creatures of water therefore", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00110-00041503-00041959": "he called the name that play David said", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00111-00041734-00042121": "because of what the Most High empowered", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00112-00041959-00042328": "me to do it this way because of what", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00113-00042121-00042556": "Joel did while they empowered me to do", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00114-00042328-00042745": "in this place I will call this place but", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00115-00042556-00042803": "all parents in the Lord of division", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00116-00042745-00043047": "breathe", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00117-00042803-00043278": "therefore he caught the name of that", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00118-00043047-00043594": "place father is in right the Lord of", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00119-00043278-00043819": "division so the Most High God Hashem is", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00120-00043594-00043957": "about division that's the first thing we", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00121-00043819-00044313": "have to understand right", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00122-00043957-00044313": "you got a sawed-off I've been fired on", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00123-00044463-00044997": "the Serbs at the fire verse but the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00124-00044772-00045163": "bullets announce dead in night sight o", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00125-00044997-00045375": "foolish are not stand in the sight of", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00126-00045163-00045591": "the most I read thou hatest", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00127-00045375-00045808": "all workers they'll do what thou hated", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00128-00045591-00046056": "out the word thou Hades oh he hates he", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00129-00045808-00046540": "loves he thinks he's not unbalanced so", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00130-00046056-00046713": "we love and we hate yes well God has a", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00131-00046540-00047071": "righteous nature and we have a righteous", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00132-00046713-00047306": "nation let me ask you a question right", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00133-00047071-00047565": "if somebody stole your identity", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00134-00047306-00047769": "everything you had your land every", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00135-00047565-00047980": "dollar you had enslaved your damn", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00136-00047769-00048306": "children would that not be righteous to", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00137-00047980-00048306": "have that person", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00138-00048324-00048772": "are you trying to do try to forget", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00139-00048574-00049000": "everyone so why the hell were all those", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00140-00048772-00049228": "alleged participation of participants in", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00141-00049000-00049275": "the Holocaust of Nazis executed why did", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00142-00049228-00049500": "that happen", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00143-00049275-00049609": "where was the love for them why were", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00144-00049500-00049840": "they forgiving", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00145-00049609-00050013": "why didn't you forgive in love as Nazis", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00146-00049840-00050241": "you never not to walk down the stream", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00147-00050013-00050419": "right now would you love him he didn't", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00148-00050241-00050581": "know that it above it you wouldn't love", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00149-00050419-00050890": "and not see if he walked down the street", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00150-00050581-00051411": "and your people have hated my people", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00151-00050890-00051723": "vastly Christ wants to kill you", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00152-00051411-00051723": "[Applause]", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00153-00053129-00053829": "we've got a knife and I bet when I'm not", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00154-00053391-00054033": "out here for your love oh I don't I", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00155-00053829-00054207": "don't because God doesn't judge people", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00156-00054033-00054469": "like that you know over the prophet", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00157-00054207-00055002": "Ezekiel did you know that it was Ezekiel", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00158-00054469-00055188": "enslave what yes he was why what'd he do", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00159-00055002-00055387": "he was like dude the whole life of", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00160-00055188-00055663": "righteousness but had to be a captive in", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00161-00055387-00055926": "Babylon why because God John's the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00162-00055663-00056139": "nation he didn't just judge one pearl he", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00163-00055926-00056394": "brought to the end of slavery in Babylon", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00164-00056139-00056548": "righteous and wicked together so I don't", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00165-00056394-00056813": "matter about how y'all feel all y'all", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00166-00056548-00056813": "got to get it go ahead", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00167-00057858-00058769": "well right absolutely try to name", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00168-00058320-00058769": "everything that was wrong to me", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00169-00058801-00059333": "regardless of what my heritage is", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00170-00059063-00059594": "regardless of like one other person", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00171-00059333-00060027": "Heritage's even it's our families for", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00172-00059594-00060027": "generations I still try tonight", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00173-00060224-00060969": "why striping down the line so what I", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00174-00060602-00061208": "love of Saddam Hussein actually the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00175-00060969-00061647": "person you love with Saddam Hussein oh", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00176-00061208-00062715": "I'm not kidding but my judgment I don't", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00177-00061647-00063102": "know I never met I have a place to judge", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00178-00062715-00063240": "him I don't know I thought so how do you", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00179-00063102-00063477": "want about your government throwing his", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00180-00063240-00063767": "lifeless body in the ocean I'm actually", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00181-00063477-00063938": "to testify testify what about the public", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00182-00063767-00064238": "hanging up Saddam Hussein yeah", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00183-00063938-00064238": "disgusting", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00184-00064452-00064851": "and do I think that like the bladder", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00185-00064665-00065253": "right to enslave African Americans", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00186-00064851-00065721": "absolutely not I have plenty of friends", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00187-00065253-00065946": "who are African Americans who are", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00188-00065721-00066291": "Catholic Christian and we all get along", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00189-00065946-00066525": "because I don't say oh well you guys", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00190-00066291-00067131": "filled my family in the past so I'm", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00191-00066525-00067458": "gonna hate you know why my eyes are your", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00192-00067131-00067746": "ancestors dying in vain no that's the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00193-00067458-00067974": "thing I don't know why they died was", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00194-00067746-00068178": "there a power struggle was there", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00195-00067974-00068283": "something else going on was there a", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00196-00068178-00068601": "change of money", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00197-00068283-00068775": "Oh who has I held those back yet we", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00198-00068601-00068904": "don't have the right so we didn't so we", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00199-00068775-00069168": "just wanna let see you just gonna let", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00200-00068904-00069525": "your sisters die that's it and what's", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00201-00069168-00069729": "been done has been done why bring to", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00202-00069525-00069948": "pass see that's the idea right", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00203-00069729-00070146": "that's the ideology that y'all are", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00204-00069948-00070739": "trying to superimpose on them we got a", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00205-00070146-00070739": "woman for that diode Oh goddamn field", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00206-00071179-00071839": "turf wars up but guess what here's the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00207-00071549-00071839": "thing here's the problem with", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00208-00073576-00075098": "and you wouldn't like that don't like", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00209-00074912-00075164": "all that don't see here's what happened", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00210-00075098-00075476": "here's why", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00211-00075164-00075704": "the society has changed the legend it's", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00212-00075476-00075958": "only to brainwash us into not wanting", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00213-00075704-00076233": "rightful revenge and justice you do", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00214-00075958-00076501": "understand that right I do it back Rita", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00215-00076233-00076766": "do you think it's right for these", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00216-00076501-00077335": "Mexicans and the Islamic everybody else", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00217-00076766-00077335": "that truck is trying to take out of here", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00218-00080104-00080673": "how can they be right how could I be", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00219-00080416-00080992": "right for people who stole the place", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00220-00080673-00081173": "built a pseudo government on the place", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00221-00080992-00081343": "how can it be right for them to try to", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00222-00081173-00081481": "tell it dictate roofing company in and", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00223-00081343-00081658": "now finally the thing I don't like", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00224-00081481-00081710": "that's not right that's not your point", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00225-00081658-00081955": "that's awkward", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00226-00081710-00082123": "no like they're gonna hijack or sell ya", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00227-00081955-00082316": "know stole my daddy's now did you go", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00228-00082123-00082922": "take my point so we were saying the same", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00229-00082316-00083188": "thing but two different ways okay yes I", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00230-00082922-00083479": "don't agree with half of the American", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00231-00083188-00085030": "history I think it's outrageous", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00232-00083479-00085065": "celebrate according to everything you", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00233-00085030-00085642": "ever", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00234-00085065-00085960": "that's no let me tell you something", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00235-00085642-00086125": "please ESDS chapter 3 verse 15 that", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00236-00085960-00086314": "which have been that would have been", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00237-00086125-00086461": "really nice now that pass that you", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00238-00086314-00086656": "talked about that dark discussing", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00239-00086461-00086866": "history that's right yeah that's right", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00240-00086656-00087145": "reading and that which is to be or that", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00241-00086866-00087451": "what is to be read had already been and", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00242-00087145-00087601": "God require it that which is past I", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00243-00087451-00087784": "wrong wire with that was just bad glow", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00244-00087601-00087934": "so that blood and all those wicked deeds", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00245-00087784-00088093": "that you talking about the American", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00246-00087934-00088348": "history it should not go to three wins", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00247-00088093-00088564": "that's what God's doing requiring great", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00248-00088348-00088911": "he will go ponder your head beside give", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00249-00088564-00088911": "me that precept you got it yeah", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00250-00089005-00089352": "he's a powerful priests of God right", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00251-00089194-00089542": "here but one of the read the scripture", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00252-00089352-00089920": "for you just for you rehab it's a book", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00253-00089542-00090163": "of Job chapter 21 verse 19 God led up", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00254-00089920-00090385": "his iniquity God land up his iniquity", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00255-00090163-00090655": "iniquity of your father's God lays it up", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00256-00090385-00090937": "read for his children what for his", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00257-00090655-00093355": "children were you were you the sins of", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00258-00090937-00093676": "your father you got a deal with your", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00259-00093355-00093862": "just cycle it's like it's right and and", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00260-00093676-00094095": "done we're doing is wrong what are we", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00261-00093862-00094276": "doing that's wrong wait all I'm doing is", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00262-00094095-00094480": "propagating good let me tell you", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00263-00094276-00094660": "something love everybody that's been", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00264-00094480-00094870": "given to my ancestors for you for", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00265-00094660-00095095": "generations and what in the hell has", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00266-00094870-00095341": "that got us done can you explain right", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00267-00095095-00095522": "nothing so I hardly know when I keep", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00268-00095341-00095855": "that up", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00269-00095522-00096077": "that's horrible just double meds", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00270-00095855-00096281": "that's horrible your tribe intro you", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00271-00096077-00096569": "walking around with the devil that's", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00272-00096281-00096863": "right and you know that's the depth", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00273-00096569-00097085": "minute there's no better than meet us to", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00274-00096863-00097085": "death", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00275-00097669-00098173": "the endless cycle hatred all black", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00276-00097960-00098350": "people Hispanic people have done is be", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00277-00098173-00098569": "Christians and worship of white Jesus", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00278-00098350-00098869": "that look similar to you if you weren't", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00279-00098569-00099268": "born with deformities and and love", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00280-00098869-00099456": "everybody for 500 years and what a night", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00281-00099268-00099616": "we've gotten lessened by over the years", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00282-00099456-00100095": "doing that so I think we should go back", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00283-00099616-00100267": "to hate not to be great and actually", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00284-00100095-00100464": "loving our own because all we've done", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00285-00100267-00100752": "since we worship the white Jesus was", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00286-00100464-00101012": "love you and hate each other so instead", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00287-00100752-00101012": "we're gonna read", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00288-00101044-00101473": "in Christ look like us that's gonna", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00289-00101257-00103224": "cause us to love one another and take", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00290-00101473-00103528": "the right and what was what was the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00291-00103224-00103774": "nationality of the first white Pope that", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00292-00103528-00103986": "got in the Catholic Church and got that", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00293-00103774-00104242": "image painted and propagated throughout", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00294-00103986-00104493": "the early he was Jewish", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00295-00104242-00104773": "yes he was a colonel Jew that wanted", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00296-00104493-00104905": "power he infiltrated the papacy and took", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00297-00104773-00106342": "over the world through the Catholic", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00298-00104905-00106629": "Church a Jewish man let me ask you some", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00299-00106342-00106629": "are you familiar with the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00300-00117650-00117973": "[Applause]", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00301-00119982-00121173": "from you because I got long I was having", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00302-00120868-00121173": "with my", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00303-00122865-00123174": "[Applause]", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00304-00123245-00123645": "guess what blacks and Hispanics they got", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00305-00123491-00124259": "lower back problems you know why because", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00306-00123645-00124466": "they've been working for you mother so I", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00307-00124259-00124650": "can't feel I gotta praise the moles are", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00308-00124466-00124990": "in heaven get y'all are feeling the bite", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00309-00124650-00124990": "in your own kingdom", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00310-00125399-00126428": "[Music]", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00311-00126680-00127083": "a new vendor", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00312-00126961-00127575": "[Music]", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00313-00127083-00127790": "to use the Sicari to the saqqaq anyone", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00314-00127575-00128082": "who wasn't fighting the Romans was a", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00315-00127790-00128440": "collaborator and worthy of death many", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00316-00128082-00128719": "was slain everyday and the fear", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00317-00128440-00129025": "who's worse from the calamity itself", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00318-00128719-00129025": "[Music]", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00319-00129803-00130298": "the Sicari fighters are motivated by a", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00320-00130004-00130608": "deeply held belief in God freedom and", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00321-00130298-00130894": "independence of their country", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00322-00130608-00131046": "they're famed for their fanaticism an", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00323-00130894-00131323": "officious dagger", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00324-00131046-00131512": "the Sicari are one of the only guerrilla", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00325-00131323-00131632": "groups never to bow to the might of the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00326-00131512-00132035": "Roman and", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00327-00131632-00132386": "the Sicari were guerrillas guerrilla", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00328-00132035-00132653": "warfare is a perfect fair or a good", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00329-00132386-00132926": "really unit of of asakari surrender is", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00330-00132653-00133334": "not an option fanatical groups like the", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00331-00132926-00133532": "Sicari never surrender", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00332-00133334-00133867": "they never surrender because what their", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00333-00133532-00133867": "aims are not negotiable", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00334-00134217-00135248": "[Music]", "gSSAm5dwQmy-00335-00135455-00136506": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "gSZEPJd8viU", "text": {"gSZEPJd8viU-00000-00000000-00000632": "hi guys welcome back to my channel my name is Diaphnie if you're new here welcome bienvenue", "gSZEPJd8viU-00001-00000632-00001264": "and thank you for clicking on today's video as you can see by the title today is another", "gSZEPJd8viU-00002-00001264-00002200": "exciting video i'm doing my 2021 luxury wish list i know a lot of people usually do these towards", "gSZEPJd8viU-00003-00002200-00002728": "the beginning of the year, but you're allowed to dream and wish at any time", "gSZEPJd8viU-00004-00002728-00003264": "so i decided to put mine up this list i love talking about", "gSZEPJd8viU-00005-00003264-00003864": "it because it's forever changing for sure i would not remember all these things if i did", "gSZEPJd8viU-00006-00003864-00004472": "not write them down sometimes i do some sort of how can i say like a mood board kind of thing", "gSZEPJd8viU-00007-00004472-00004992": "i broke it down into categories you guys some of these things you're gonna be like what? but to me", "gSZEPJd8viU-00008-00005072-00005384": "i think they're luxury let's get into my list", "gSZEPJd8viU-00009-00005384-00006120": "for adulting things my first wish is to buy a house or own my first property i think that's", "gSZEPJd8viU-00010-00006120-00006768": "a pretty good first wish now i have a little problem with shopping so we kind of i'm putting", "gSZEPJd8viU-00011-00006768-00007504": "myself on a no buy so i can save and save and save the second thing is to become debt free student", "gSZEPJd8viU-00012-00007504-00008368": "loans credit cards and everything nothing is more luxurious than being debt free trust me okay", "gSZEPJd8viU-00013-00008368-00008728": "third thing i would say is finish my master's degree", "gSZEPJd8viU-00014-00008728-00009456": "fourth one is increase my credit score i don't want good credit score i want a great credit", "gSZEPJd8viU-00015-00009456-00010096": "score so the sooner i pay all my credit cards and my loans and everything and just know more about", "gSZEPJd8viU-00016-00010096-00010952": "finances business how to grow how to invest all of that stuff all of those are like one package", "gSZEPJd8viU-00017-00010952-00011648": "become more financially literate also more business savvy as well and my sixth one is to", "gSZEPJd8viU-00018-00011648-00012384": "reach 10 000 subscribers by the end of this year its not impossible it's it's so far you don't say", "gSZEPJd8viU-00019-00012384-00013119": "it's kind of far from where i am right now but 800 i'm almost at 800 now 800 was also very very", "gSZEPJd8viU-00020-00013119-00013800": "far when i first started and i had zero so we're moving slowly but we will get there so if you're", "gSZEPJd8viU-00021-00013800-00014376": "watching this share the video subscribe tell your auntie your mama your brother your sister", "gSZEPJd8viU-00022-00014504-00014672": "and we can reach it you know what i'm saying", "gSZEPJd8viU-00023-00014744-00015376": "getting into bags luxurious bags i want a gucci i don't know the name of it, its like a", "gSZEPJd8viU-00024-00015376-00015912": "box thingy it's cute i want it i think it's a collab with somebody i'll put it", "gSZEPJd8viU-00025-00015912-00016512": "on the screen you guys will see i also want a Kate bag from ysl patent leather in black", "gSZEPJd8viU-00026-00016512-00017472": "and it has the emblem the ysl emblem and gold i think it's so pretty like i want okay i want", "gSZEPJd8viU-00027-00017472-00018144": "i do also want a ysl toy loulou but i like it in the nude color my only thing about this one", "gSZEPJd8viU-00028-00018144-00018704": "is the strap is leather and i don't really like the leather strap on that specific bag", "gSZEPJd8viU-00029-00018856-00019248": "so we're gonna see but i like the size and the color of the bag", "gSZEPJd8viU-00030-00019248-00020128": "a chanel backpack in red i don't usually have anything in color in my wardrobe but i", "gSZEPJd8viU-00031-00020128-00020848": "saw that chanel backpack in red it just looks so good like i just love i just died you guys like", "gSZEPJd8viU-00032-00020848-00021432": "i love it it is so cute i would definitely want that in my collection like for sure", "gSZEPJd8viU-00033-00021432-00022208": "a fendi bucket bag and i also want a fendi the tote shopper thing i think it's just so", "gSZEPJd8viU-00034-00022208-00022784": "luxurious and so cute it is a bigger bag than i'm used to but i think it's super cute", "gSZEPJd8viU-00035-00022784-00023016": "what other bags do i want i do want", "gSZEPJd8viU-00036-00023016-00023840": "a classic chanel bag either in nude or in black i probably would get a nude one first", "gSZEPJd8viU-00037-00023840-00024392": "knowing me like a classic chanel bag like the trendy cc", "gSZEPJd8viU-00038-00024536-00024968": "i would definitely get a nude in that one like i think that bag is just so pretty", "gSZEPJd8viU-00039-00025032-00025704": "For jewelry i want a tiffany and co necklace the one with the heart they're not too expensive", "gSZEPJd8viU-00040-00025704-00026152": "so i wanted to look into them because like you see i like dainty necklaces", "gSZEPJd8viU-00041-00026152-00026536": "by the way you guys i will be doing a jewelry collection", "gSZEPJd8viU-00042-00026536-00027064": "from affordable fashion and fine jewelry so be on the lookout for that", "gSZEPJd8viU-00043-00027064-00027912": "A Tiffany and Co elsa ring the gold one with the two diamonds i want a vca ring a vca bracelet the", "gSZEPJd8viU-00044-00027912-00028392": "mother of pearls with the one motif i really really want that one i think it's super cute", "gSZEPJd8viU-00045-00028392-00028895": "that's the one i was interested in at first and then i saw the one with the black and", "gSZEPJd8viU-00046-00028895-00029344": "i was like oh my God that one is cute too so i added it in the wish list last minute", "gSZEPJd8viU-00047-00029344-00029752": "i do want a cartier ooh i think i want the bracelet", "gSZEPJd8viU-00048-00029752-00030400": "with the diamonds juste un clou bracelet with the diamonds just the bracelet is", "gSZEPJd8viU-00049-00030400-00030776": "fine but when i was thinking about it i was like i want it with the diamond", "gSZEPJd8viU-00050-00030776-00031336": "call me crazy i already have a cartier love ring but this one is the wedding band size", "gSZEPJd8viU-00051-00031336-00031944": "i do want a regular size one to probably put on my thumb because this one is just", "gSZEPJd8viU-00052-00031944-00032712": "too small for that i also want a cartier love bracelet and i want a rolex date just watch", "gSZEPJd8viU-00053-00032712-00033256": "the lv louise earrings i know those are super super popular but i think they're super cute", "gSZEPJd8viU-00054-00033256-00034032": "and i think they can jazz up any outfit because i have my Dior earrings and i wear them all the time", "gSZEPJd8viU-00055-00034032-00034528": "so i figured if i got the lv earrings i would also get a lot of wear out of them", "gSZEPJd8viU-00056-00034528-00034728": "i was also looking at the fendi ones", "gSZEPJd8viU-00057-00035016-00035808": "very nice okay a ysl brooch i think it's called crocodile embossed something it's like an", "gSZEPJd8viU-00058-00035808-00036488": "all gold i think it is super cute and i want to get it i want to get it", "gSZEPJd8viU-00059-00036488-00036880": "now you guys keep in mind all of these things are just things that i wish for", "gSZEPJd8viU-00060-00036880-00037136": "it doesn't mean that i'm going to be able to get even 80", "gSZEPJd8viU-00061-00037192-00037688": "or 70 % of these things because they are pretty pricey things and you know like", "gSZEPJd8viU-00062-00037752-00038416": "i do want the chanel double cc earrings i feel like those are the only fashion houses that i", "gSZEPJd8viU-00063-00038416-00039080": "would want you know some earrings from i think it's chanel i got the dior i went to lv i went", "gSZEPJd8viU-00064-00039080-00039952": "to fendi and i think maybe the gucci studs but not really just because but not really you know", "gSZEPJd8viU-00065-00040016-00040608": "moving on to shoes for shoes i don't really want that many shoes right now i do want a", "gSZEPJd8viU-00066-00040608-00041256": "tom ford padlock sandal i want the nude i love the gold but i'll probably just get the news", "gSZEPJd8viU-00067-00041320-00041864": "it's something about these shoes that i really want the gucci loafers i want the white and the", "gSZEPJd8viU-00068-00041864-00042512": "black one i think those are like nice flats to add to your collection you can have for years", "gSZEPJd8viU-00069-00042512-00043208": "some gucci trainers the white ones not like all up in your face gucci i think it's super cute so i do", "gSZEPJd8viU-00070-00043208-00043992": "want those and i do want some red bottoms some black red bottoms i just don't know which style", "gSZEPJd8viU-00071-00043992-00044664": "i want yet some nude red bottoms as well i think every girl should have a nice pair of nude and", "gSZEPJd8viU-00072-00044664-00045336": "black shoe in their collection i already talked a little bit about the accessories i wanted a ysl", "gSZEPJd8viU-00073-00045336-00046064": "brooch i do want a chanel brooch as well i want some chanel sunglasses actually i want the oval i", "gSZEPJd8viU-00074-00046064-00046624": "have the square ones i'll put it on the screen for you guys but i want the oval one because i think", "gSZEPJd8viU-00075-00046624-00047264": "they just give different look i have a gucci hat that i really want for those bad hair days i don't", "gSZEPJd8viU-00076-00047264-00048048": "know why like i don't really like gucci bags but i love gucci accessories like their hats their shoes", "gSZEPJd8viU-00077-00048048-00048960": "their belts i do want i have like a louis vuitton card case i do want the ysl the black one with the", "gSZEPJd8viU-00078-00048960-00049592": "gold emblem on it i think it's super classy and i think it's a little more dressy so i do want that", "gSZEPJd8viU-00079-00049592-00050144": "and i also think i want to watch the uptown pouch but i don't really know which color yet", "gSZEPJd8viU-00080-00050144-00050816": "but i do want it let's see what else do i want for accessories i already talked about my rolex", "gSZEPJd8viU-00081-00050816-00051512": "yeah i think that's pretty much all i want for accessories right now for perfumes i do want the", "gSZEPJd8viU-00082-00051512-00052279": "Delina or the Delina exclusif i do want the dior ambre nuit I saw Edwige a la mode", "gSZEPJd8viU-00083-00052279-00053167": "talk about it i want it mfk OUD satin and the OUD silk because they smell absolutely amazing", "gSZEPJd8viU-00084-00053264-00053848": "maybe soon i'll be doing items that i checked off my wish list video if i if i ever get any of these", "gSZEPJd8viU-00085-00053848-00054504": "things yeah so this was like just a little chit chat let's talk about my wish list kind of thing", "gSZEPJd8viU-00086-00054504-00055016": "it's nothing serious i hope you guys enjoyed it if you have anything on my wish list that", "gSZEPJd8viU-00087-00055016-00055488": "you also have on your wish list comment down below let's chat girl let's talk about it", "gSZEPJd8viU-00088-00055544-00055944": "i want to thank you so much for watching thank you for hanging out with me don't forget to like", "gSZEPJd8viU-00089-00055944-00057376": "comment and subscribe down below and i will see you guys very soon in my next video bye"}}, {"audio_id": "gSam-4TOUU0", "text": {"gSam-4TOUU0-00000-00000000-00000400": "How To Change Custom Url Of Your Youtube Channel Urdu/Hindi"}}, {"audio_id": "gTw4vXURWSu", "text": {"gTw4vXURWSu-00000-00000103-00000438": "So let's take a look at some examples of asymmetry.", "gTw4vXURWSu-00001-00000438-00000792": "This is when figures or shapes are not identical.", "gTw4vXURWSu-00002-00000792-00001351": "They are not mirror images of each other and so they are not balanced with symmetry.", "gTw4vXURWSu-00003-00001351-00002077": "This paint blot here is an example of asymmetry because it can't be divided equally into two", "gTw4vXURWSu-00004-00002077-00002434": "nice, balanced, equal parts.", "gTw4vXURWSu-00005-00002434-00003054": "Same with this randomly drawn shape here - it's not symmetrical.", "gTw4vXURWSu-00006-00003054-00003621": "The human hand is not symmetrical because it cannot be divided into identical mirror", "gTw4vXURWSu-00007-00003621-00003880": "images of each other.", "gTw4vXURWSu-00008-00003880-00004462": "This familiar icon here is not symmetrical as well.", "gTw4vXURWSu-00009-00004462-00005233": "It is an example of asymmetry because it cannot be split into two perfectly equal or balanced", "gTw4vXURWSu-00010-00005233-00005333": "halves.", "gTw4vXURWSu-00011-00005333-00005937": "Maybe if the bite wasn't missing here and maybe if it did not have the leaf it could", "gTw4vXURWSu-00012-00005937-00006490": "probably be symmetrical but as pictured, it's an example of asymmetry."}}, {"audio_id": "gTM4i4TIAac", "text": {"gTM4i4TIAac-00000-00000000-00000200": "Start of the run", "gTM4i4TIAac-00001-00002092-00002292": "using the glich that 2nd io used and just made it a bit faster.", "gTM4i4TIAac-00002-00005869-00006069": "end of run"}}, {"audio_id": "gTMXmM33qjA", "text": {"gTMXmM33qjA-00000-00000672-00001592": "welcome to our channel", "gTMXmM33qjA-00001-00002472-00002984": "go guys", "gTMXmM33qjA-00002-00003408-00004384": "okay", "gTMXmM33qjA-00003-00005432-00005784": "um", "gTMXmM33qjA-00004-00007072-00007288": "five inches", "gTMXmM33qjA-00005-00008288-00008584": "guys open up nothing guys", "gTMXmM33qjA-00006-00019368-00019784": "um", "gTMXmM33qjA-00007-00020176-00021184": "is", "gTMXmM33qjA-00008-00022736-00023984": "guys", "gTMXmM33qjA-00009-00024416-00025384": "and guys", "gTMXmM33qjA-00010-00025895-00026783": "so", "gTMXmM33qjA-00011-00027712-00028183": "foreign", "gTMXmM33qjA-00012-00030983-00031152": "i'm so happy with the speaker", "gTMXmM33qjA-00013-00031495-00032416": "and guys they open and nothing and passed", "gTMXmM33qjA-00014-00032416-00033104": "i have tried charging these guys it can charge one hour", "gTMXmM33qjA-00015-00033320-00033784": "one hour for uncharged guys", "gTMXmM33qjA-00016-00036456-00036808": "i have tried using it 24 hours", "gTMXmM33qjA-00017-00037352-00037984": "guys 24 hours room last time", "gTMXmM33qjA-00018-00038128-00039384": "foreign", "gTMXmM33qjA-00019-00039672-00040784": "uh", "gTMXmM33qjA-00020-00040896-00042184": "me", "gTMXmM33qjA-00021-00044320-00044440": "so and guys", "gTMXmM33qjA-00022-00044728-00045096": "kids mode bedtime mode bike mode", "gTMXmM33qjA-00023-00045872-00046048": "mansion power boost", "gTMXmM33qjA-00024-00046264-00046320": "and guys", "gTMXmM33qjA-00025-00047728-00049184": "very smooth [__] a dual speaker and then miranda stabilization's a camera", "gTMXmM33qjA-00026-00049552-00050584": "my baby's pushing guys", "gTMXmM33qjA-00027-00050736-00051984": "um", "gTMXmM33qjA-00028-00053024-00053416": "pictures", "gTMXmM33qjA-00029-00053416-00053488": "and guys", "gTMXmM33qjA-00030-00054640-00054784": "i am", "gTMXmM33qjA-00031-00056079-00056184": "video", "gTMXmM33qjA-00032-00057079-00057584": "foreign", "gTMXmM33qjA-00033-00058055-00058984": "so i am so very happy with this with this infinix note 10 pro", "gTMXmM33qjA-00034-00059296-00059400": "and guys", "gTMXmM33qjA-00035-00059608-00059720": "sample videos", "gTMXmM33qjA-00036-00060120-00060384": "with", "gTMXmM33qjA-00037-00061072-00061784": "stabilization", "gTMXmM33qjA-00038-00061984-00063184": "so", "gTMXmM33qjA-00039-00065784-00067384": "i'm so happy very very happy with this purchase", "gTMXmM33qjA-00040-00068424-00068784": "so again", "gTMXmM33qjA-00041-00069800-00070184": "so kind of dutch guys", "gTMXmM33qjA-00042-00072272-00072984": "thank you", "gTMXmM33qjA-00043-00074096-00074384": "fps", "gTMXmM33qjA-00044-00075544-00076096": "so we are so very happy guys with this purchase it's very very fast thank", "gTMXmM33qjA-00045-00076096-00076888": "you very much for watching so all in all guys akama very legit everything is legit", "gTMXmM33qjA-00046-00077096-00077768": "thank you so much see you in our next video bye bye god bless you all"}}, {"audio_id": "gTN2WW0Y_7M", "text": {"gTN2WW0Y_7M-00000-00001300-00001810": "Selection processes have always had personal or ideological biases.", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00001-00001843-00001996": "AI will not solve them.", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00002-00002073-00002439": "In the S. XIX, it was believed in the phrenology. A pseudoscience that", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00003-00002441-00002843": "it consists of knowing the personality of a person looking at her skull.", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00004-00002920-00003268": "Personal biases can influence the selection of personnel,", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00005-00003300-00003540": "even without the interviewer being aware of it.", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00006-00003600-00003832": "For example, based on appearance. There is a", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00007-00003834-00004192": "There is a belief that AI could solve these problems.", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00008-00004243-00004675": "But the reality is that it still doesn't. Even with AI, there are still risks of", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00009-00004677-00005093": "mistake. Especially in the way that information is interpreted and used.", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00010-00005263-00005670": "AI also has its limitations, such as bias", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00011-00005672-00005957": "involved in programming the algorithm. Or the lack of objective data.", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00012-00006073-00006477": "AI often misinterprets race and gender, considering them as attributes", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00013-00006479-00006903": "isolable, rather than traits that are framed in broader systems of power.", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00014-00007106-00007644": "AI can divert the focus from the main objective of the HR area,", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00015-00007676-00007982": "which is to promote culture business. In a selection process,", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00016-00007995-00008385": "it is not based only on search of the most qualified candidate, but", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00017-00008393-00008783": "Also about building a strong and fair business culture.", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00018-00008966-00009183": "AI can help in selection processes,", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00019-00009226-00009579": "but there is still a great need for humans to be involved in the process.", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00020-00009743-00010025": "Instead of relying exclusively of AI, we must strive", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00021-00010075-00010375": "for creating work environments inclusive and equitable.", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00022-00010440-00010799": "Now I ask you: what would you do to make ensure that a", "gTN2WW0Y_7M-00023-00010802-00011071": "selection process is free from bias and discrimination?"}}, {"audio_id": "gTR3J2jv9su", "text": {"gTR3J2jv9su-00000-00000012-00000210": "What’s the best way to stay healthy", "gTR3J2jv9su-00001-00000210-00000462": "in the face of so much conflicting nutrition information?", "gTR3J2jv9su-00002-00000462-00000858": "Well, ideally, you would go to the source.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00003-00000858-00000948": "The gold standard;", "gTR3J2jv9su-00004-00000948-00001110": "the peer-reviewed medical literature.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00005-00001110-00001380": "Read through stacks of the latest medical journals.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00006-00001380-00001590": "But who’s got time for that?", "gTR3J2jv9su-00007-00001590-00001704": "I do!", "gTR3J2jv9su-00008-00001704-00001962": "Welcome to the Nutrition Facts Podcast.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00009-00001962-00002190": "I’m your host, Dr. Michael Greger.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00010-00002244-00002508": "Don’t tell me you haven’t put some serious thought", "gTR3J2jv9su-00011-00002508-00002712": "on how to avoid dementia:", "gTR3J2jv9su-00012-00002712-00003072": "a brain disease that has no real cure as of yet.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00013-00003072-00003316": "Here’s our first story.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00014-00003356-00003594": "Although it's known that plant-based foods are important", "gTR3J2jv9su-00015-00003594-00003828": "for physical health, less is known about", "gTR3J2jv9su-00016-00003828-00004134": "the relationship between plant- based foods and cognitive health.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00017-00004134-00004596": "Now in terms of preventing Alzheimer's and other forms of actual dementia,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00018-00004596-00004902": "there's data that those who consume meat, including poultry and fish,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00019-00004902-00005178": "have 2 to 3 times the risk of developing dementia", "gTR3J2jv9su-00020-00005178-00005277": "compared with vegetarians,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00021-00005277-00005580": "but what about just like day-to-day function?", "gTR3J2jv9su-00022-00005580-00005916": "Greater adherence to a more plant-based dietary pattern", "gTR3J2jv9su-00023-00005916-00006300": "was related to better performance on all cognitive", "gTR3J2jv9su-00024-00006300-00006486": "tasks researchers measured.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00025-00006552-00006822": "One possible mechanism that could have been thought", "gTR3J2jv9su-00026-00006822-00007031": "to underlie the results is body weight. I mean,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00027-00007031-00007356": "plant-based diets reduce BMI, and lower BMI has been associated", "gTR3J2jv9su-00028-00007356-00007728": "with better cognitive function, but they still found a connection", "gTR3J2jv9su-00029-00007728-00007944": "between more plants and better brain function", "gTR3J2jv9su-00030-00007944-00008136": "even after controlling for weight.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00031-00008196-00008646": "Another possible mechanism linking diet and cognition is inflammation.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00032-00008646-00009018": "That's how saturated fat impairs the memory of lab rats,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00033-00009018-00009312": "through brain inflammation. And since fiber can be", "gTR3J2jv9su-00034-00009312-00009564": "anti-inflammatory, and meat pro-inflammatory,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00035-00009564-00009852": "that may help explain some effects of plant-based diets", "gTR3J2jv9su-00036-00009852-00009972": "on health and cognition.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00037-00010068-00010464": "The saturated fat connection appears to extend to human cognition.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00038-00010464-00010848": "A systematic review and meta-analysis covering nine studies", "gTR3J2jv9su-00039-00010848-00011064": "found that increased saturated fat intake,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00040-00011064-00011286": "which is found mostly in meat, dairy, and junk,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00041-00011286-00011670": "was associated with a 40% increased risk of cognitive impairment", "gTR3J2jv9su-00042-00011670-00011982": "and nearly 90% higher risk of Alzheimer's disease.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00043-00011982-00012318": "So wait, does that mean if you put people on a low-carb diet,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00044-00012318-00012696": "it impairs their brain function? Yes, it does.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00045-00012696-00013313": "A high-fat diet not only impairs the heart but also cognitive function.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00046-00013368-00013752": "Men were randomized to just to 5 days of a high-fat,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00047-00013752-00014063": "low-carbohydrate diet, or a lower fat diet,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00048-00014063-00014352": "and on the low-carb diet cognitive tests showed", "gTR3J2jv9su-00049-00014352-00014826": "they suffered impaired attention, speed, and mood.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00050-00014826-00014994": "Again, just within days.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00051-00014994-00015426": "Conclusion: raising the level of fat in your blood not only decreased", "gTR3J2jv9su-00052-00015426-00015834": "energy production in the heart, but reduced cognition, which", "gTR3J2jv9su-00053-00015834-00016212": "suggests that a high-fat diet is detrimental to the heart and brain.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00054-00016212-00016524": "Now they were thinking the impaired energy production", "gTR3J2jv9su-00055-00016524-00016770": "may have accounted for the brain dysfunction as well,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00056-00016770-00017280": "but oral glycotoxins may also link high-fat eating with", "gTR3J2jv9su-00057-00017280-00017526": "a loss of cognitive capacity.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00058-00017526-00017964": "Glycotoxins, also known as advanced glycation end products or AGEs,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00059-00017964-00018246": "are a class of oxidant stress-promoting agents,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00060-00018246-00018708": "free radical-promoting agents implicated in diabetes and aging,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00061-00018708-00019020": "including brain injury due to Alzheimer's disease and stroke.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00062-00019020-00019356": "The development of Alzheimer's disease in the first place", "gTR3J2jv9su-00063-00019356-00019626": "is thought to involve the accumulation of these AGEs,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00064-00019626-00019944": "which encourage the formation and deposition of the two", "gTR3J2jv9su-00065-00019944-00020082": "hallmarks of Alzheimer's:", "gTR3J2jv9su-00066-00020082-00020454": "neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in the brain,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00067-00020454-00020616": "discovered on autopsy.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00068-00020616-00020928": "But it's not just full-blown dementia. Evidence suggests", "gTR3J2jv9su-00069-00020928-00021312": "AGEs contribute to cognitive decline in general.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00070-00021420-00021750": "Dietary advanced glycation end products are associated", "gTR3J2jv9su-00071-00021750-00022104": "with a decline in memory. And since modifying the levels", "gTR3J2jv9su-00072-00022104-00022356": "of AGEs in the diet may be relatively easy,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00073-00022356-00022686": "these preliminary results suggest a simple strategy", "gTR3J2jv9su-00074-00022686-00022920": "to diminish cognitive compromise.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00075-00022974-00023340": "What are the major sources of dietary AGEs to stay away from?", "gTR3J2jv9su-00076-00023340-00023880": "Meat, cooked using high, dry heat, such as in broiling,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00077-00023880-00024072": "grilling, frying, and roasting.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00078-00024072-00024420": "From my video, \"The Best Diet for Healthy Aging,\"", "gTR3J2jv9su-00079-00024420-00024900": "here is the list of all the most AGE-contaminated foods.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00080-00024990-00025356": "AGEs are not only associated with getting Alzheimer's in the first place,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00081-00025356-00025632": "but also the progression of Alzheimer's disease,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00082-00025632-00025914": "as well as lower cognitive performance in general,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00083-00025914-00026418": "as tracked, interestingly enough, via skin autofluorescence.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00084-00026418-00026802": "AGE's have a natural fluorescence that you can pick up", "gTR3J2jv9su-00085-00026802-00027258": "using a special detector, enabling a simple non-invasive assessment", "gTR3J2jv9su-00086-00027258-00027594": "of advanced glycation end product accumulation in the body.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00087-00027594-00028020": "The more meat you eat, the more of the AGE skin autofluorescence", "gTR3J2jv9su-00088-00028020-00028374": "you get, which then correlates with cognitive impairment.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00089-00028374-00028650": "In fact one of these days these fluorescence scanners", "gTR3J2jv9su-00090-00028650-00028926": "may be included in routine medical check-ups.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00091-00028926-00029382": "Since meat is the main high AGE-food, it should be no surprise", "gTR3J2jv9su-00092-00029382-00029676": "that AGE skin autofluorescence measurements are", "gTR3J2jv9su-00093-00029676-00030000": "significantly lower in those eating more plant based.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00094-00030000-00030426": "So the data suggest reduction of food-derived AGEs is feasible", "gTR3J2jv9su-00095-00030426-00030677": "and may provide effective treatment strategies", "gTR3J2jv9su-00096-00030677-00031045": "for our epidemics of Alzheimer's and metabolic disease.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00097-00031129-00031452": "In our next story, we look at the best source of lutein,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00098-00031452-00031800": "the primary carotenoid antioxidant in the brain.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00099-00031902-00032202": "There's an extensive scientific literature describing the positive", "gTR3J2jv9su-00100-00032202-00032610": "impact of dietary plant compounds on overall health and longevity.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00101-00032610-00032988": "However, it's only now becoming clear that the consumption of diets", "gTR3J2jv9su-00102-00032988-00033432": "rich in plant foods can influence neuro- inflammation, brain inflammation,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00103-00033432-00033786": "leading to the expression of cytoprotective, cell protective,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00104-00033786-00033918": "and restorative proteins.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00105-00033918-00034272": "Just over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made", "gTR3J2jv9su-00106-00034272-00034626": "to realize that oxidative stress and chronic, low-grade inflammation,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00107-00034626-00034926": "are major risk factors underlying brain aging,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00108-00034926-00035406": "so no wonder antioxidant and anti-inflammatory foods may help.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00109-00035406-00035904": "The brain is especially vulnerable to free radical attack, oxidative stress,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00110-00035904-00036360": "due to its high fat content and its cauldron of high metabolic activity.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00111-00036360-00036684": "You don't want your brains to go rancid.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00112-00036684-00037002": "So you'd think one of the major fat-soluble dietary antioxidants", "gTR3J2jv9su-00113-00037002-00037440": "like beta-carotene would step in, but the major carotenoid concentrated", "gTR3J2jv9su-00114-00037440-00037986": "in the brain is actually lutein; the brain just preferentially sucks it up.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00115-00037986-00038196": "For example, if you look at the oldest old,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00116-00038196-00038430": "like in the Georgia centenarian study,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00117-00038430-00038928": "recognizing that oxidation is involved in age-related cognitive decline,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00118-00038928-00039342": "they figured dietary antioxidants may play a role in its prevention or delay,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00119-00039342-00039816": "so they looked at eight different ones, vitamin A, vitamin E, on down the list,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00120-00039816-00040224": "and only lutein was significantly related to better cognition.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00121-00040224-00040644": "Now in this study they looked at brain tissue on autopsy.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00122-00040644-00040788": "By then it's a little too late.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00123-00040788-00041076": "So how could you study the effects of diet", "gTR3J2jv9su-00124-00041076-00041262": "on the brain while you're still alive?", "gTR3J2jv9su-00125-00041334-00041640": "If only there was a way we could physically look into", "gTR3J2jv9su-00126-00041640-00041904": "the living brain with our own two eyes.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00127-00041904-00042354": "There is! With our own two eyes.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00128-00042354-00042846": "The retina, the back of our eyeball, is actually an extension", "gTR3J2jv9su-00129-00042846-00043134": "of our central nervous system, an outpouching of the brain", "gTR3J2jv9su-00130-00043134-00043500": "during development, and right in the middle there's a spot.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00131-00043500-00043782": "This is what the doctor sees when they look into your eye", "gTR3J2jv9su-00132-00043782-00044118": "with that bright light. That spot, called the macula,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00133-00044118-00044508": "is our HD camera, where you get the highest resolution vision,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00134-00044508-00044982": "and it's packed with lutein. And indeed, levels in the retina", "gTR3J2jv9su-00135-00044982-00045270": "correspond to levels in the rest of your brain,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00136-00045270-00045612": "so your eyes can be a window into your brain.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00137-00045612-00045930": "So now we can finally do studies on live people", "gTR3J2jv9su-00138-00045930-00046218": "to see if diet can affect lutein levels in the eyes,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00139-00046218-00046422": "which reflects lutein levels in the brain,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00140-00046422-00046734": "and see if that correlates with improvements in cognitive function.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00141-00046734-00047172": "And indeed, significant correlations exist between the amount", "gTR3J2jv9su-00142-00047172-00047454": "of macular pigment, these plant pigments like lutein", "gTR3J2jv9su-00143-00047454-00047676": "in your eye, and cognitive test scores.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00144-00047676-00048048": "You can demonstrate this on functional MRI scans,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00145-00048048-00048450": "suggesting lutein and a related plant pigment called zeaxanthin", "gTR3J2jv9su-00146-00048450-00048912": "promote cognitive functioning in old age by enhancing neural efficiency,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00147-00048912-00049152": "the efficiency by which our nerves communicate.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00148-00049152-00049494": "Like check out this cool study on white matter integrity", "gTR3J2jv9su-00149-00049494-00049770": "using something called diffusion tensor imaging,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00150-00049770-00050214": "which provides unique insights into brain network connectivity,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00151-00050214-00050520": "allowing you to follow the nerve tracts throughout the brain.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00152-00050520-00050928": "And researchers were able to show enhanced circuit integrity", "gTR3J2jv9su-00153-00050928-00051336": "based on how much lutein and zeaxanthin they could see in people's eyes—", "gTR3J2jv9su-00154-00051336-00051804": "further evidence of a meaningful relationship between diet and integrity", "gTR3J2jv9su-00155-00051804-00052205": "of our brains, particularly in regions vulnerable to age-related decline.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00156-00052296-00052716": "So do Alzheimer's patients have less of this macular pigment?", "gTR3J2jv9su-00157-00052716-00053178": "Significantly less lutein in their eyes, significantly less lutein in their blood,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00158-00053178-00053466": "and a higher occurrence of macular degeneration,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00159-00053466-00053646": "where this pigment layer gets destroyed.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00160-00053712-00054090": "The thickness of this plant pigment layer in your eyes can be measured", "gTR3J2jv9su-00161-00054090-00054528": "and may be a potential marker for the beginnings of Alzheimer's.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00162-00054528-00054708": "Let's not wait that long, though.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00163-00054708-00054996": "We know macular pigment density is related to cognitive function", "gTR3J2jv9su-00164-00054996-00055296": "in older people. What about during middle age?", "gTR3J2jv9su-00165-00055355-00055800": "One apparent consequence of aging appears to be loss of some aspects", "gTR3J2jv9su-00166-00055800-00056226": "of cognitive control, which starts out early, in mid-adulthood,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00167-00056226-00056705": "but not in everybody, suggesting maybe something like diet could", "gTR3J2jv9su-00168-00056705-00057017": "be driving some of the differences. Here's a measure of cognitive control,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00169-00057017-00057462": "showing younger, on average, do better than older adults.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00170-00057462-00057840": "But older adults who have high macular pigment,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00171-00057840-00058182": "lots of lutein in the back of their eyes, do significantly better.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00172-00058182-00058529": "These results suggest that the protective role of carotenoids", "gTR3J2jv9su-00173-00058529-00058662": "like lutein within the brain", "gTR3J2jv9su-00174-00058662-00058932": "may be evident during early and middle adulthood,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00175-00058932-00059448": "decades prior to the onset of more apparent cognitive decline later in life.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00176-00059532-00060005": "You can take 20-year-olds and show superior auditory function", "gTR3J2jv9su-00177-00060005-00060317": "in those with more macular pigment in their eyes.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00178-00060317-00060738": "Look, the auditory system, our hearing, like the rest", "gTR3J2jv9su-00179-00060738-00061026": "of the central nervous system, is ultimately constructed", "gTR3J2jv9su-00180-00061026-00061386": "and maintained by diet, and it is therefore, not surprisingly,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00181-00061386-00061644": "sensitive to dietary intake throughout life,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00182-00061644-00061932": "all the way back to childhood.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00183-00061998-00062340": "Higher macular pigment is associated with higher academic achievement", "gTR3J2jv9su-00184-00062340-00062429": "among school children.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00185-00062429-00062832": "You can look into a kid's eyes and get some sense of how well", "gTR3J2jv9su-00186-00062832-00063078": "they may do in subjects like math and writing.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00187-00063155-00063588": "This finding is important because macular lutein is modifiable", "gTR3J2jv9su-00188-00063588-00064020": "and can be manipulated by dietary intake.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00189-00064104-00064512": "OK, OK, so where is lutein found?", "gTR3J2jv9su-00190-00064512-00064872": "The avocado and egg industries like to boast", "gTR3J2jv9su-00191-00064872-00065148": "about how much of these macular pigments they have in their products,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00192-00065148-00065604": "but the real superstars are dark green leafy vegetables.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00193-00065604-00066120": "A half cup of kale has 50 times more than an egg,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00194-00066186-00066486": "a spinach salad, or a 50-egg omelet?", "gTR3J2jv9su-00195-00066486-00066708": "And the earlier the better.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00196-00066708-00067008": "Pregnant and breastfeeding women should definitely be checking off", "gTR3J2jv9su-00197-00067008-00067188": "my Daily Dozen greens servings.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00198-00067188-00067524": "But it's also apparently never too late.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00199-00067524-00067848": "While some age-related cognitive decline is to be expected,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00200-00067848-00068362": "these effects may be less pronounced among those eating more green and leafy.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00201-00068449-00068890": "Finally today, avocados, greens, and lutein and zeaxanthin supplements", "gTR3J2jv9su-00202-00068890-00069360": "are put to the test for improving cognitive function.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00203-00069384-00069852": "Dark green leafy vegetables are packed with a brain antioxidant called lutein.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00204-00069852-00070254": "And so increasing our greens intake could be an important public health strategy", "gTR3J2jv9su-00205-00070254-00070626": "for reducing the risk of visual or cognitive impairment.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00206-00070626-00070890": "Lutein is the dominant dietary pigment", "gTR3J2jv9su-00207-00070890-00071172": "in the retina of the eye as well as the brain.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00208-00071172-00071406": "And so not surprising that macular pigment—", "gTR3J2jv9su-00209-00071406-00071742": "the concentration of lutein in the center of your eye called the macula—", "gTR3J2jv9su-00210-00071742-00072036": "was found to be significantly correlated with levels in the brain,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00211-00072036-00072510": "which may explain the link between how much of these greens nutrients", "gTR3J2jv9su-00212-00072510-00072768": "you can see in the back of the eye and cognitive function.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00213-00072768-00073146": "The neuroprotection is assumed to be because lutein is", "gTR3J2jv9su-00214-00073146-00073656": "such a powerful antioxidant, but it also has anti-inflammatory properties.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00215-00073710-00073920": "This relationship between lutein,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00216-00073920-00074136": "and another greens nutrient called zeaxanthin,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00217-00074136-00074478": "and visual and cognitive health throughout the lifespan is compelling.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00218-00074478-00074880": "But that was based on observational studies, where you observe", "gTR3J2jv9su-00219-00074880-00075162": "that higher lutein levels and brain function seem to go together,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00220-00075162-00075654": "but you don't know if it's cause and effect until you put it to the test.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00221-00075720-00075996": "Could lutein and zeaxanthin be supplemented", "gTR3J2jv9su-00222-00075996-00076350": "as part of a lifestyle intervention to both improve brain function", "gTR3J2jv9su-00223-00076350-00076656": "and reduce the probability of slipping into dementia?", "gTR3J2jv9su-00224-00076716-00076992": "The reason everyone is so excited about the possibility", "gTR3J2jv9su-00225-00076992-00077400": "is because of the hopeful data from eye health studies", "gTR3J2jv9su-00226-00077400-00077748": "that have convinced many ophthalmologists to start recommending", "gTR3J2jv9su-00227-00077748-00078078": "people start increasing their lutein and zeaxanthin intake to prevent", "gTR3J2jv9su-00228-00078078-00078564": "and treat macular degeneration, a leading cause of age-related vision loss.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00229-00078564-00078768": "You don't have to take pills, though.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00230-00078768-00079140": "Adding as little as 60 grams of spinach a day for a month—", "gTR3J2jv9su-00231-00079140-00079470": "that's like one-fifth of a 10-ounce package of frozen spinach—", "gTR3J2jv9su-00232-00079470-00079806": "can significantly boost macular pigment in most people.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00233-00079806-00080178": "And it not just good for treating diseased eyes.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00234-00080178-00080556": "A randomized, placebo-controlled study found that these greens goodies", "gTR3J2jv9su-00235-00080556-00080838": "can improve visual processing speed in young healthy people.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00236-00080838-00081192": "That's like when you're trying to hit a fastball and your body", "gTR3J2jv9su-00237-00081192-00081480": "has to start reacting before you even consciously register it—", "gTR3J2jv9su-00238-00081480-00081804": "with real-world benefits outside the major leagues,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00239-00081804-00082122": "improving, for example, visual driving performance.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00240-00082122-00082410": "OK, but what about cognition?", "gTR3J2jv9su-00241-00082488-00082860": "A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of adults,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00242-00082860-00083262": "average age 73, given the equivalent of about a half cup a day's worth", "gTR3J2jv9su-00243-00083262-00083604": "of cooked kale, or a full cup of cooked spinach,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00244-00083604-00083946": "and got significant improvements in cognitive function", "gTR3J2jv9su-00245-00083946-00084192": "compared to those randomized to the placebo.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00246-00084192-00084642": "It may even work in young adults too, average age 21.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00247-00084642-00084960": "Daily supplementation with that same amount of lutein and zeaxanthin", "gTR3J2jv9su-00248-00084960-00085338": "not only increased their macular pigment, but resulted in significant improvements", "gTR3J2jv9su-00249-00085338-00085740": "in brain function—spatial memory, reasoning ability, and complex attention.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00250-00085824-00086172": "Have they ever tried putting whole foods to the test?", "gTR3J2jv9su-00251-00086172-00086472": "Hard to get Americans to eat greens every day,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00252-00086472-00086808": "but not so hard to get them to eat guacamole.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00253-00086868-00087186": "This study tested the effects of the intake of avocado on cognition,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00254-00087186-00087366": "a six-month, randomized, controlled trial.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00255-00087366-00087546": "What was the control?", "gTR3J2jv9su-00256-00087546-00088038": "One avocado a day, or a potato or a cup of chickpeas,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00257-00088038-00088248": "and those in the avocado group", "gTR3J2jv9su-00258-00088248-00088578": "had a significant improvement in cognitive function.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00259-00088632-00089190": "But to the Avocado Board's chagrin, so did the tater and chickpea group.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00260-00089244-00089514": "That's the problem with having healthy placebos.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00261-00089514-00089766": "Maybe they should have used iceberg lettuce or something.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00262-00089856-00090234": "What about the impact on cognition of those who really need it,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00263-00090234-00090726": "Alzheimer's disease patients? Their vision got better, that's good,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00264-00090726-00091062": "but no significant changes in cognitive function.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00265-00091158-00091422": "Now it's possible that eating whole foods, like dark green leafies,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00266-00091422-00091776": "might have worked better than just the pigments in pill form.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00267-00091878-00092244": "Yes, oxidation and inflammation appear to be key to both Alzheimer's", "gTR3J2jv9su-00268-00092244-00092646": "and macular degeneration, but neither disease seems particularly amenable", "gTR3J2jv9su-00269-00092646-00093174": "to late-stage treatments. That's why prevention is the key.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00270-00093174-00093516": "Reducing oxidation and inflammation in the earliest stages", "gTR3J2jv9su-00271-00093516-00093854": "may be our most promising approach.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00272-00093906-00094212": "We would love it if you could share with us your stories", "gTR3J2jv9su-00273-00094212-00094518": "about reinventing your health through evidence-based nutrition.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00274-00094518-00094854": "Go to nutritionfacts.org/testimonials.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00275-00094854-00095220": "We may share it on our social media to help inspire others.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00276-00095220-00095700": "To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, or studies mentioned here,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00277-00095700-00096060": "please go to the Nutrition Facts Podcast landing page.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00278-00096060-00096339": "There you’ll find all the detailed information you need –", "gTR3J2jv9su-00279-00096339-00096726": "plus, links to all of the sources we cite for each of these topics.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00280-00096726-00097152": "For a vital, timely text on the pathogens that cause pandemics,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00281-00097212-00097416": "order the e-book, audiobook, or hard copy", "gTR3J2jv9su-00282-00097416-00097752": "of my latest book, “How to Survive a Pandemic”.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00283-00097752-00098118": "For recipes, check out my new “How Not to Diet Cookbook”.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00284-00098118-00098352": "It’s beautifully designed with more than 100 recipes", "gTR3J2jv9su-00285-00098352-00098568": "for delicious and nutritious meals.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00286-00098568-00098820": "And, of course, all the proceeds I receive from the sales", "gTR3J2jv9su-00287-00098820-00099066": "of all my books go to charity.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00288-00099144-00099486": "NutritionFacts.org is a nonprofit, science-based public service,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00289-00099486-00099714": "where you can sign up for free daily updates", "gTR3J2jv9su-00290-00099714-00100056": "on the latest in nutrition research via bite-sized videos and articles.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00291-00100056-00100308": "Everything on the website is free.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00292-00100308-00100560": "There’s no ads, no corporate sponsorship,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00293-00100560-00100662": "no kickbacks.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00294-00100662-00100908": "It’s strictly non-commercial. I’m not selling anything.", "gTR3J2jv9su-00295-00100908-00101226": "I just put it up as a public service, as a labor of love,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00296-00101226-00101466": "as a tribute to my grandmother,", "gTR3J2jv9su-00297-00101466-00101937": "whose own life was saved with evidence-based nutrition."}}, {"audio_id": "gUupmmyY-oo", "text": {"gUupmmyY-oo-00000-00000072-00000736": "i will never load shorts but my ipad ever again. by the way, can you please fix this problem in", "gUupmmyY-oo-00001-00000736-00001208": "48 hours or else i will never use youtube again, and i will stop uploading new videos to youtube,", "gUupmmyY-oo-00002-00001208-00001888": "so please fix the issue with my comments because they're not showing up anymore. and this is sad."}}, {"audio_id": "gUwZaiEdbLu", "text": {"gUwZaiEdbLu-00000-00000060-00000234": "How do we learn?", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00001-00000350-00000746": "Just as one has to master the art of cycling,", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00002-00000848-00001322": "so one has to acquire spirituality,", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00003-00001432-00001828": "accepting many hardships and losses.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00004-00001926-00002548": "Many times the heart is broken - the eternal heart of eternal love is formed.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00005-00003322-00003674": "How did we learn to ride a bike?", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00006-00003782-00004084": "I saw someone riding a bicycle.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00007-00004198-00004510": "There has been a desire to learn cycling.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00008-00004596-00005158": "I got a bicycle. Got some instructions.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00009-00005282-00005828": "But I learned to ride a bicycle mainly on my own.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00010-00005910-00006086": "I have fallen many times -", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00011-00006186-00006512": "my arms and legs are broken down several times, got hurt.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00012-00006609-00007080": "I got up again, tried again.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00013-00007192-00007954": "Repeatedly made mistakes and repeatedly corrected my own mistakes.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00014-00008059-00008548": "That's how one day I was able to actually ride a bicycle.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00015-00008664-00008836": "I enjoyed success.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00016-00008922-00009230": "Then I learned to leave one hand and ride a bicycle.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00017-00009352-00009678": "Then I learned to ride the bicycle leaving both hands.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00018-00009810-00010234": "Then I learned to ride a bike in a straight line.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00019-00010352-00010862": "Those who have continued the process of learning to ride a bicycle", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00020-00010952-00011296": "can still ride a bicycle on a rope.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00021-00011446-00012154": "After breaking limbs many times, enduring many hardships and losses,", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00022-00012212-00012584": "some have mastered the art of cycling to the point", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00023-00012672-00013160": "where people buy tickets and go to see them cycling.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00024-00013274-00013632": "The same is true of spiritual education.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00025-00013756-00014354": "The difference is that the breaking of the limbs here is not physical but mental.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00026-00014458-00015158": "The stories of the transmission of knowledge in Shinai Shinai in spirituality are absolutely fabricated", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00027-00015247-00015536": "and only elements of religion.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00028-00015676-00016072": "Just as one has to master the art of cycling,", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00029-00016172-00016664": "so one has to acquire spirituality,", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00030-00016756-00017154": "accepting many hardships and losses.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00031-00017244-00017880": "Many times the heart is broken - the eternal heart of eternal love is formed.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00032-00017992-00018250": "Those who are not willing to suffer,", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00033-00018336-00019134": "confuse themselves by telling the story of the transmission of knowledge in Shina Shina", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00034-00019206-00019562": "and confuse the simple-minded people.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00035-00019804-00019856": "Thank You", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00036-00019894-00020018": "Thank you very much", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00037-00020108-00020388": "for watching my all videos.", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00038-00020570-00021068": "Please, subscribe me if you like my videos", "gUwZaiEdbLu-00039-00021172-00021628": "like, share and commend below."}}, {"audio_id": "gUB3ClS9Y20", "text": {"gUB3ClS9Y20-00000-00000002-00000494": "Hi. My name's  nednednerB the Schizophrenic!", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00001-00000494-00001488": "This is day 8 of \"100 Symptoms\".  Today I'm going to talk about visual hallucination.", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00002-00001506-00002304": "I read on the Mayo Clinic yesterday, or the day before,  about, uh, schizophrenia and symptoms;", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00003-00002318-00003260": "and I saw that it said when teenagers develop schizophrenia, there's a greater chance", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00004-00003261-00003989": "of visual hallucinations developing than when adults develop schizophrenia. And...", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00005-00003989-00004682": "I developed schizophrenia when I was a teenager I was diagnosed at 18 and", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00006-00004682-00005344": "I remember a few times when I had quite vivid hallucinations that were visual.", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00007-00005378-00006260": "I was at a festival in 2002 and I was walking around at night and this was", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00008-00006260-00006888": "about a week before my hospitalization-- my first hospitalization-- and I was", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00009-00006888-00007673": "walking around and in the air I thought I saw people on flying bicycles and", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00010-00007673-00008292": "strange contraptions. And the-- the lights, the bicycles, and the planes and the floats", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00011-00008294-00008762": "were going all directions above me in the sky. I didn't even pay much", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00012-00008762-00009236": "attention to it. I was just like oh that's cool they're flying bicycles in the air.", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00013-00009236-00010311": "Hmm.. [laugh]  Another time was in 2006 when I had just had a drug binge with", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00014-00010311-00011040": "somebody who was abusing me for several years, and... I went to the psych ward", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00015-00011040-00011750": "shortly after the drug binge and when I was in the psych ward, the first few days", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00016-00011750-00012309": "I was in a room and I could look out a window to a central courtyard and I", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00017-00012309-00013058": "thought I saw the person who was abusing me in a wheelchair sitting there. And uh...", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00018-00013058-00013441": "It would be weird: I'd see them then they wouldn't be there, then they would be", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00019-00013441-00014063": "there again. And, uh, I eventually realized.  No, that couldn't have been that person.", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00020-00014063-00014497": "It couldn't have been that situation and I must have been imagining or", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00021-00014497-00015284": "hallucinating it. And that was all when I was quite young and nowadays, I have some", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00022-00015290-00016078": "kind of visual odd experiences, but I haven't seen a person or seen a object", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00023-00016084-00016470": "to my knowledge, in the past several years.", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00024-00016470-00016774": "You're tuning into  nednednerB the Schizophrenic.", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00025-00016786-00017156": "This is Day 8 of \"100 Symptoms\".  Thank you.", "gUB3ClS9Y20-00026-00017156-00017658": "Comment and share below."}}, {"audio_id": "gUEw1kWgBQg", "text": {"gUEw1kWgBQg-00000-00000056-00000702": "Hi! Welcome to Code Wars. In this series I gonna solve TDD katas using javascript.", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00001-00000702-00001102": "I'm Anatol and you're watching  the Good Parts of the front-end development.", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00002-00001102-00001442": "If this is your first time here start now by subscribing.", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00003-00001838-00002738": "Let's solve today kata titled \"Remove String Spaces.\" Simple remove the spaces", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00004-00002738-00003246": "from the string, then return the resultant string.", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00005-00003402-00004390": "Let's return a new string and replace a space (a white-space) by empty element.", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00006-00004390-00005168": "Let's try. It replaces only one element, so I need to use a regular expression", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00007-00005168-00005805": "and replace all spaces globally. Let's check. Yes, it works. However, for", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00008-00005805-00006367": "regular expression we can use a special character that replaces all white spaces", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00009-00006367-00007102": "despite of the amount of the spaces itself. So, a white space and all of them", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00010-00007102-00007809": "and it should work. And of course, I forgot that this should be escaped here.", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00011-00007908-00008652": "Yes, it works. And let's convert that into a nice arrow function that returns", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00012-00008652-00009286": "a new string and try. Yes, it works. I like it.", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00013-00009718-00010128": "My code is available on GitHub. Documentation is available in the Internet.", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00014-00010128-00010592": "Follow the link if you’re eager to get more. If you like this video give it", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00015-00010592-00010967": "\"thumbs up\", share it with your friends,  subscribe to the channel and watch", "gUEw1kWgBQg-00016-00010967-00011394": "other episodes.  Thanks for watching and dive deeper."}}, {"audio_id": "gUHIuLw_6RM", "text": {"gUHIuLw_6RM-00000-00000000-00000200": "http://ali.pub/20b4yd"}}, {"audio_id": "gUWReWqH0jy", "text": {"gUWReWqH0jy-00000-00000177-00000492": "I think one of the big things to keep in mind about metadata", "gUWReWqH0jy-00001-00000492-00001190": "is that it's important to use the standard encoding.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00002-00001190-00001523": "That will allow for that metadata to be captured,", "gUWReWqH0jy-00003-00001523-00001989": "to be preserved, to be used, and made interoperable", "gUWReWqH0jy-00004-00001989-00002312": "so that it can be easily moved between systems.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00005-00002312-00002940": "So we talk about, say, a researcher has this homegrown", "gUWReWqH0jy-00006-00002940-00003225": "system that they have their data in, and at some point", "gUWReWqH0jy-00007-00003225-00003450": "they want to move that to something else.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00008-00003450-00003839": "It's going to be very hard to do that when the data won't", "gUWReWqH0jy-00009-00003839-00004046": "necessarily match up between the systems.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00010-00004046-00004373": "This is a common problem with migrating from any platform", "gUWReWqH0jy-00011-00004373-00004602": "to a newer platform.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00012-00004602-00004785": "Having a standard approach to how", "gUWReWqH0jy-00013-00004785-00005288": "you encode that information, one that is accepted and understood", "gUWReWqH0jy-00014-00005288-00005652": "by other practitioners in that area, can help", "gUWReWqH0jy-00015-00005652-00005898": "enable the reuse and the movement", "gUWReWqH0jy-00016-00005898-00006180": "of that metadata over time.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00017-00006180-00006439": "Also, it's important to keep in mind", "gUWReWqH0jy-00018-00006439-00006658": "that metadata itself is data.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00019-00006658-00006997": "Say, an audio file that's capturing", "gUWReWqH0jy-00020-00006997-00007220": "some aspect of your research, if you", "gUWReWqH0jy-00021-00007220-00007395": "don't preserve the metadata that describes", "gUWReWqH0jy-00022-00007395-00007726": "what that audio file is over time, it might be hard 10,", "gUWReWqH0jy-00023-00007726-00008070": "20 years down the road to understand what that object is", "gUWReWqH0jy-00024-00008070-00008354": "if a researcher comes across it.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00025-00008354-00008513": "Or to identify what that is.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00026-00008513-00008816": "And so we need to take good practices", "gUWReWqH0jy-00027-00008816-00009094": "with how we store our metadata as well.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00028-00009094-00009194": "I see this all the time.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00029-00009194-00009455": "You know, I get disks like this that I", "gUWReWqH0jy-00030-00009455-00009802": "will plug into my machine and my machine", "gUWReWqH0jy-00031-00009802-00009980": "won't know what format a file is on there.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00032-00009980-00010141": "It won't be able to recognize it.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00033-00010141-00010464": "I can run it through a format registry", "gUWReWqH0jy-00034-00010464-00010827": "that documents like thousands of formats", "gUWReWqH0jy-00035-00010827-00011081": "and it still might not recognize that format.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00036-00011081-00011245": "And it's just because it's obsolete", "gUWReWqH0jy-00037-00011245-00011458": "or it was very specialized at the time", "gUWReWqH0jy-00038-00011458-00011594": "and not many people used it.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00039-00011594-00011820": "And so it's a complete mystery now", "gUWReWqH0jy-00040-00011820-00012135": "what file that is, what kind of file it is, and what software", "gUWReWqH0jy-00041-00012135-00012260": "it takes to render it.", "gUWReWqH0jy-00042-00012260-00012629": "So preservation metadata can help document certain things", "gUWReWqH0jy-00043-00012629-00012916": "about the digital objects that were created,", "gUWReWqH0jy-00044-00012916-00013338": "about the data that was created, about how it was managed,", "gUWReWqH0jy-00045-00013338-00013729": "about the tools used to create it and render it that you want", "gUWReWqH0jy-00046-00013729-00013918": "to keep attached to that object over time", "gUWReWqH0jy-00047-00013918-00014335": "so that you have a better chance of rendering it later."}}, {"audio_id": "gV02CPKv61A", "text": {"gV02CPKv61A-00000-00000048-00000552": "Hey my friend! Jean-Serge Gagnon here! Today we're going to talk about a virtual summit how", "gV02CPKv61A-00001-00000552-00001272": "to create a virtual summit and how you can use a drip course to actually automate the delivery", "gV02CPKv61A-00002-00001272-00001744": "of your summit now if you're thinking of creating a video summit you probably already have an idea", "gV02CPKv61A-00003-00001744-00002208": "you might even have your videos if you don't have your videos yet we can talk a little bit", "gV02CPKv61A-00004-00002208-00002776": "about that because I did put together a summit natango but before we get into that first this", "gV02CPKv61A-00005-00002896-00003536": "So the real question is this: What are the strategies, techniques and tools that you", "gV02CPKv61A-00006-00003536-00004200": "need to learn to generate residual income from the e-learning boom that's happening right now?", "gV02CPKv61A-00007-00004296-00005160": "My name is Jean-Serge Gagnon and welcome to Course Income Secrets... all right so virtual summit what", "gV02CPKv61A-00008-00005160-00006008": "do I mean by a virtual summit so recently I put together um a virtual summit which is basically at", "gV02CPKv61A-00009-00006008-00006664": "least my definition of it right is a set of videos that are delivered over a period of time that are", "gV02CPKv61A-00010-00006759-00007223": "about a specific topic right so we're going to talk about a virtual summit we're going to talk", "gV02CPKv61A-00011-00007223-00007680": "about drip courses and how you can do that yourself with the platform click key course", "gV02CPKv61A-00012-00007680-00008120": "in just a moment and and but before we get into that I want to remind you if you're listening to", "gV02CPKv61A-00013-00008120-00009104": "the audio of this you're going to want to go check out the video at a cis365.jsgagnon.com", "gV02CPKv61A-00014-00009160-00009624": "to see the blog post and the video because I'm going to be sharing my screen so let's", "gV02CPKv61A-00015-00009624-00010296": "get right to that right now so first of all what is a summit so actually I have the screenshot", "gV02CPKv61A-00016-00010296-00010896": "the screen here of click ecourse let me just um I should probably have gone to my funnel", "gV02CPKv61A-00017-00011024-00011536": "but let me see I did okay I have a picture I have an image I should have shown that I", "gV02CPKv61A-00018-00011536-00012232": "should have gotten that before we got into here let me go to my previous uh previous", "gV02CPKv61A-00019-00012520-00013160": "I have an image showing a drip course what do I mean by a drip course so where is that image I", "gV02CPKv61A-00020-00013160-00014184": "have that image here someplace if I can find it where is it there it is right here all right so", "gV02CPKv61A-00021-00014384-00014800": "now if we look at a picture like this right if we look at a picture like this", "gV02CPKv61A-00022-00014952-00015280": "you can see right here that there's an example of a drip", "gV02CPKv61A-00023-00015280-00015872": "course content so the idea with a drip course is that you deliver content over time", "gV02CPKv61A-00024-00016040-00016736": "to your students to your participants to your registrants based on a set schedule right so", "gV02CPKv61A-00025-00016792-00017184": "that's the idea with the summit is you would have like if I look at", "gV02CPKv61A-00026-00017184-00017640": "I have that somewhere I know I have that somewhere let me just see if I can't load that up I should", "gV02CPKv61A-00027-00017640-00018040": "have let me actually pause the recording and come back to you in a second with what I'm", "gV02CPKv61A-00028-00018040-00018544": "talking all right so I found what I was looking for let me go back to my screen share here so", "gV02CPKv61A-00029-00018544-00019096": "this is a summit I did right so basically I had a couple of different things going on here I had", "gV02CPKv61A-00030-00019096-00019672": "the the 10 days right you can't see all 10 days but you can see one two three four five", "gV02CPKv61A-00031-00019672-00020424": "six seven days you see different topics I had for each of those days so you know creating a summit", "gV02CPKv61A-00032-00020424-00020936": "creating a virtual summit is a lot of work it's not a simple thing to do right so I mean you have", "gV02CPKv61A-00033-00020936-00021728": "to go and create the the summit itself so this this particular episode is not about creating", "gV02CPKv61A-00034-00021728-00022512": "summit and coming up with the topics and coming up with the the summit you know subject matter if you", "gV02CPKv61A-00035-00022512-00023120": "will and finding the experts and you're scheduling the the interviews giving them the recordings", "gV02CPKv61A-00036-00023224-00023600": "but it's assuming you've done all that already and you've gotten everything but now you want", "gV02CPKv61A-00037-00023600-00024104": "a place to pull host it one of the things I did when I first did this summit I put", "gV02CPKv61A-00038-00024216-00024864": "I put the videos online on on YouTube and then I just you know shared the videos", "gV02CPKv61A-00039-00024864-00025312": "each day with people that were registered using a platform that allowed me to share", "gV02CPKv61A-00040-00025312-00025904": "and then at the end of each day I would make the previous videos unaccessible and then I would", "gV02CPKv61A-00041-00025904-00026383": "put the new videos accessible right so it was a manual thing that I did that every single morning", "gV02CPKv61A-00042-00026383-00027039": "for those 10 days and that you know that works right but it was kind of a bit of an annoying to", "gV02CPKv61A-00043-00027039-00027504": "have to oh I gotta get up at this time I gotta I have to decide on the schedule I couldn't do", "gV02CPKv61A-00044-00027504-00028072": "it like at 2 a.m if I wanted it had to be you know 7 or 8 am a time that made sense with me", "gV02CPKv61A-00045-00028072-00028680": "that meant that I had to always be you know up at that time which you know wasn't a big problem", "gV02CPKv61A-00046-00028680-00029176": "but still what what if something happens what if you can't do it that day do you need to have", "gV02CPKv61A-00047-00029176-00029656": "somebody else to do it with you you need to have some you know you need to have you need to be", "gV02CPKv61A-00048-00029656-00030336": "organized in all those things what if you don't have that and something happens what if why not", "gV02CPKv61A-00049-00030336-00031168": "have it so it's automatic all right and that's what the um that's what the platform allows you", "gV02CPKv61A-00050-00031168-00031783": "to do with a drip course I'm going to show you how to create a drip course and how you can use", "gV02CPKv61A-00051-00031783-00032383": "a drip course for a summit so let's just go back to the other screen I had over here", "gV02CPKv61A-00052-00032536-00033088": "right here and let's go back to the platform so first of all we're talking about using Click", "gV02CPKv61A-00053-00033088-00033744": "eCourse to do a drip course to deliver a summit so if I go to the courses I have on the site", "gV02CPKv61A-00054-00033744-00034432": "already right now you can see there's a there's a virtual summit over here that was delivered", "gV02CPKv61A-00055-00034512-00035064": "right here so these are the original ones originally I had I just created a course I posted", "gV02CPKv61A-00056-00035064-00035624": "the videos on there and then I made them available each day and I made the previous ones unavailable", "gV02CPKv61A-00057-00035624-00036312": "right so and then I had the second course where I had all the videos again uploaded a second time", "gV02CPKv61A-00058-00036472-00037024": "to be four people that had paid for the past right because so I had all these videos that", "gV02CPKv61A-00059-00037024-00037696": "were accessible for 24 hours for free and after the 24 hours they would no longer be able to", "gV02CPKv61A-00060-00037696-00038416": "view the videos and if they wanted to see the videos again after 24 hours or if they wanted to", "gV02CPKv61A-00061-00038416-00038904": "to watch them multiple times after multiple days they needed to buy a vip pass and that", "gV02CPKv61A-00062-00038904-00039432": "vip pass gave them access to all of it this is what this one is if I go to this one", "gV02CPKv61A-00063-00039432-00040024": "right now I'm not logged in so it's just going to say register to add it's a free it's got 10", "gV02CPKv61A-00064-00040024-00040680": "days on it then there's a list of the speakers right and each of the days has different videos", "gV02CPKv61A-00065-00040744-00041480": "um and right now it's past the deadline so none of these are actually gonna be the full videos", "gV02CPKv61A-00066-00041480-00041952": "the shorter version of the videos and I just that's kind of what I did I replaced the videos", "gV02CPKv61A-00067-00041952-00042488": "afterwards with a short version of video that has a footer at the end a trailer I should say at the", "gV02CPKv61A-00068-00042488-00042976": "end that says if you want to watch the rest of the video you got to get the vip pass right so", "gV02CPKv61A-00069-00042976-00043584": "that's what I did there and these are all here except that as you can see they're all a minute 50", "gV02CPKv61A-00070-00043648-00044224": "even though some of these interviews are 30 45 minutes they're all showing a minute 50 for each", "gV02CPKv61A-00071-00044224-00044832": "of the videos that's kind of how I did the that I did it before before drip courses before drip", "gV02CPKv61A-00072-00044832-00045632": "courses I had to have two separate courses to host all the videos while it was happening and then I", "gV02CPKv61A-00073-00045632-00046288": "had to have another separate course to allow vip access to people who could see the whole thing", "gV02CPKv61A-00074-00046288-00047088": "right and that's why I like see right here I have this second one this vip pass one if I go to that", "gV02CPKv61A-00075-00047176-00047736": "again it's not allowing me access it's showing me a price and it's showing me all the videos c 30", "gV02CPKv61A-00076-00047736-00048712": "minutes 47 minutes eight minutes 21 minutes 15 22 28 40 right 47 42 so that's the full videos", "gV02CPKv61A-00077-00048712-00049320": "that are there but you can't access them unless you pay for it right that's the vip pass now", "gV02CPKv61A-00078-00049376-00049984": "the drip course merges all that together and automates it for you so that you don't have", "gV02CPKv61A-00079-00049984-00050488": "to worry about making a video available one day then making it not available the next day", "gV02CPKv61A-00080-00050488-00050944": "or or if you want to make it five days per video that's fine you can schedule it whichever", "gV02CPKv61A-00081-00050944-00051552": "way you want you can have videos available for a couple hours even if you want right you can make", "gV02CPKv61A-00082-00051552-00052112": "it available only for six hours and then all of a sudden it's not available anymore you can make um", "gV02CPKv61A-00083-00052191-00052832": "you can make five videos available on one day and then two on the next or for a whole week you make", "gV02CPKv61A-00084-00052832-00053272": "a video available then you make it the next video is available for the next week and then the next", "gV02CPKv61A-00085-00053272-00054000": "like it's all whatever timing you want to use and that's the the cool thing about the drip course", "gV02CPKv61A-00086-00054000-00054696": "uh feature is that it allows you to do that for um for for a virtual summit right so let's say", "gV02CPKv61A-00087-00054696-00055120": "let's look at the next summit that I did which I did with this new drip feature", "gV02CPKv61A-00088-00055120-00055800": "when I look at this one which is the one that I did July 12th 12th the 21st right so it's over now", "gV02CPKv61A-00089-00055872-00056184": "um oh look at that there's two buttons there shouldn't be two buttons but anyways I've got to", "gV02CPKv61A-00090-00056184-00056928": "fix that but if I look at this I can still see all the speakers right and all the days are there and", "gV02CPKv61A-00091-00056928-00057520": "when you look at the length you can still see 47 minutes 40 minutes you know 21 minutes you can see", "gV02CPKv61A-00092-00057520-00058208": "you'll still see the full length of the videos right and but you can't watch them unless you", "gV02CPKv61A-00093-00058264-00058912": "right now it's free it shouldn't say by now but anyways that's another little but once you add", "gV02CPKv61A-00094-00058912-00059712": "it you can watch it so if I log in let's say I log in here as um well let's log in as me for", "gV02CPKv61A-00095-00059712-00060408": "for to start with to show you what it looks like so whenever you're uh looking at and a created", "gV02CPKv61A-00096-00060408-00061088": "course basically any of these I can watch now and if I click on the edit course link", "gV02CPKv61A-00097-00061088-00061704": "for this course I can see that under type it says it's drip content over time instead of default so", "gV02CPKv61A-00098-00061704-00062272": "the default type is a regular course free access you know access to anything at any time whereas", "gV02CPKv61A-00099-00062272-00062879": "the drip content over time you you give it a start date so I gave it a starting of July 7th so I", "gV02CPKv61A-00100-00062879-00063591": "could change this right now I could change it now to you know August 1st right so I could re-release", "gV02CPKv61A-00101-00063591-00064255": "my summit I can keep doing that over and over and anybody who bought the vip pass for it", "gV02CPKv61A-00102-00064255-00065160": "would have access to the whole thing anyways if I look at let's see okay well anyways that's just so", "gV02CPKv61A-00103-00065160-00065880": "the other thing so you set the start date you set the start time and you decide whether it's time", "gV02CPKv61A-00104-00065880-00066512": "time travel or not so what that means is that if I say 8 a.m right here right it's 8 00 a.m", "gV02CPKv61A-00105-00066584-00067400": "for based on my time zone the creator of the of the drip course right my time zone determines when", "gV02CPKv61A-00106-00067400-00068176": "the course starts so eight a.m my time is seven a.m eastern or six five four a.m pacific right", "gV02CPKv61A-00107-00068176-00069016": "and it's I don't know 11 p.m gmt or something right but no I mean new maybe gmt right so", "gV02CPKv61A-00108-00069168-00069760": "but if I set it to time travel I say yes time travel what happens is it'll be 8 a.m", "gV02CPKv61A-00109-00069760-00070376": "no matter where the person is if they're in the in pacific coast it'll be 8 a.m for them if they're", "gV02CPKv61A-00110-00070376-00071352": "in if they're in london it'll be 8 a.m over there which will be 8 a.m I guess would be 4 a.m my time", "gV02CPKv61A-00111-00071416-00071912": "etc right that kind of stuff so you set the time zone you can choose that okay so um", "gV02CPKv61A-00112-00072120-00072616": "that's that's the base that's that's really the basic setting and the rest of the stuff is just", "gV02CPKv61A-00113-00072616-00073160": "the same stuff that you would have on a normal course under price commission you want you can", "gV02CPKv61A-00114-00073160-00073744": "have a price and a drip price see in this case I made the drip free which means the", "gV02CPKv61A-00115-00073744-00074424": "virtual summit is free and how long the videos last is configured on a per video basis so if I", "gV02CPKv61A-00116-00074488-00075056": "if I go and I say cancel right here because I don't want it I didn't change anything but still", "gV02CPKv61A-00117-00075176-00075544": "and then I look at any of these like let's actually just look at the list", "gV02CPKv61A-00118-00075544-00075952": "the list of them and then after that I'll show you how to do that I'll actually do one", "gV02CPKv61A-00119-00075952-00076472": "kind of with you on our live right now in the recording right to kind of show you exactly how", "gV02CPKv61A-00120-00076472-00077168": "to do it so if I just look at the lessons list you can see right here that these these ones", "gV02CPKv61A-00121-00077168-00077608": "they start on day one day one day one day one day one right they all start on day one", "gV02CPKv61A-00122-00077608-00078416": "all of these start on day one as you can see right here it's day one and um and what the other thing", "gV02CPKv61A-00123-00078416-00079232": "that happens too is there's a selection for what you want them to see if it's before the start", "gV02CPKv61A-00124-00079304-00079896": "or the day that it's supposed to start and it says right here the pre-drip video is the", "gV02CPKv61A-00125-00079896-00080632": "main video but everywhere else it says none right that what that means is that even if let's say it", "gV02CPKv61A-00126-00080632-00081512": "starts August 1st then right now we're before that well if they go to this course right this summit", "gV02CPKv61A-00127-00081512-00081968": "they're gonna see the only these videos the rest they're not gonna see any of them", "gV02CPKv61A-00128-00081968-00082624": "it's it's gonna be like they don't exist so that allows you to decide whether you want them to see", "gV02CPKv61A-00129-00082696-00083248": "what's coming tomorrow on the day after and the day after you can choose to make them", "gV02CPKv61A-00130-00083400-00083744": "view the whole thing you can choose for them to be able to see", "gV02CPKv61A-00131-00083992-00084456": "a little intro video if you want you can you you can upload up to four videos or", "gV02CPKv61A-00132-00084456-00085064": "is it for yeah it's four videos uh for each of the lessons a lesson is basically", "gV02CPKv61A-00133-00085144-00085480": "you know it would be one of the videos of the day right for example", "gV02CPKv61A-00134-00085480-00086000": "so in that lesson you can choose to have different videos for different", "gV02CPKv61A-00135-00086192-00086832": "events you can have for example you can have a short video that just says this lesson is not", "gV02CPKv61A-00136-00086832-00087312": "yet available you can have another video that's that's the actual video then you", "gV02CPKv61A-00137-00087312-00087752": "can have another video that's a video after the fact that kind of just shows a little bit of it", "gV02CPKv61A-00138-00087752-00088408": "with a trailer and you can have another video for people that bought the full access pass", "gV02CPKv61A-00139-00088464-00088928": "so that's kind of how that works so I'm going to show you an example if I look at this one", "gV02CPKv61A-00140-00089288-00089872": "specifically this one here this one is not okay yeah this one let's look at this one so this is a", "gV02CPKv61A-00141-00089872-00090560": "day two video this is a second day video and this video here oops scroll down here so you can see", "gV02CPKv61A-00142-00090560-00091216": "there's the video the main video right here then there's oops cancel that and then there's another", "gV02CPKv61A-00143-00091216-00091840": "video right over here right so and you can have up to four videos right number one two three and four", "gV02CPKv61A-00144-00091936-00092648": "and then you can choose what happens before the pre-drip full access that means if somebody buys", "gV02CPKv61A-00145-00092648-00093160": "your full access which in this case this one was you know 300 or whatever which is", "gV02CPKv61A-00146-00093160-00093528": "kind of a vip full access pass that gives them access to everything", "gV02CPKv61A-00147-00093680-00094304": "forever right for life then you can choose to give them access to the main video of the", "gV02CPKv61A-00148-00094304-00095272": "if they buy it right say you have 10 videos and you want to drip them over 10 days well if you", "gV02CPKv61A-00149-00095272-00095824": "you can decide that the person buying the full access pass has access to 10 videos right away", "gV02CPKv61A-00150-00095824-00096400": "or they don't have access to the videos until at least the 10th day of the live event right", "gV02CPKv61A-00151-00096576-00096824": "and yeah so those are your two options more or less", "gV02CPKv61A-00152-00096896-00097552": "for the full access then you can choose for pre-drip and post strip video so free drip", "gV02CPKv61A-00153-00097552-00098104": "means before the day that that video is supposed to be available what do you want to show them and", "gV02CPKv61A-00154-00098104-00098528": "if you say none if you say not accessible then it won't even show up in the menu it won't even", "gV02CPKv61A-00155-00098528-00099136": "it won't it'll be like that video doesn't exist in the in the view of the list of videos right", "gV02CPKv61A-00156-00099248-00099632": "and then the post and then the other option is you can choose one of the other videos right", "gV02CPKv61A-00157-00099632-00100344": "video number the main one video number two so the main one is used to uh to identify how long the", "gV02CPKv61A-00158-00100344-00100984": "lesson is so if you have more than one version of the lesson you want to keep the main one as them", "gV02CPKv61A-00159-00100984-00101528": "as the one that identifies how long the videos are right um so anyways I don't know if that", "gV02CPKv61A-00160-00101528-00102256": "makes sense but okay so then the post drip video is the video that you're gonna show after", "gV02CPKv61A-00161-00102336-00103032": "the day is over so if this is video for day two then what are you gonna show on day three for the", "gV02CPKv61A-00162-00103032-00103783": "free access right for the drip access after day three on day three and after right after day two", "gV02CPKv61A-00163-00103856-00104496": "say this is day two video well you want to show well you could choose to show nothing or you show", "gV02CPKv61A-00164-00104496-00105032": "a different video in my case what I chose was a different video that showed only the first minute", "gV02CPKv61A-00165-00105032-00105672": "and 40 seconds or so of the original video and then afterwards had a trailer that said if you", "gV02CPKv61A-00166-00105672-00106224": "want to watch the rest of this go get your vip pass at whatever the url is right so I just put", "gV02CPKv61A-00167-00106224-00107224": "that in there so that's how I chose to do it okay so if I um let's talk about the drip start so the", "gV02CPKv61A-00168-00107224-00107848": "drip start is when is this particular video going to be available throughout the course so it can be", "gV02CPKv61A-00169-00107848-00108528": "it can be any of these any day right I mean it's up to a year after so you could have 365 videos", "gV02CPKv61A-00170-00108608-00109256": "one day a year right every single day for the year to kind of show people uh a different video every", "gV02CPKv61A-00171-00109256-00110008": "day right so you could do that but this this one here was set to day two which is the second day", "gV02CPKv61A-00172-00110008-00110496": "after the aft the next day after start right day one is the start of the course and then", "gV02CPKv61A-00173-00110496-00110911": "it's just two days after three days whatever right so that's you choose how long and then", "gV02CPKv61A-00174-00110911-00111400": "you can also choose the drip length it can be one hour 12 hours one day two days one week", "gV02CPKv61A-00175-00111504-00112496": "what that means is that once the video becomes available right the drip start how long is it", "gV02CPKv61A-00176-00112496-00113232": "available for which can be you know a week you can make it two days a week if you want other", "gV02CPKv61A-00177-00113232-00113608": "options we can always add them here but for now that's kind of what we have we have", "gV02CPKv61A-00178-00113704-00114240": "one hour 12 hours one day we could make it six we could make other other numbers let us know", "gV02CPKv61A-00179-00114240-00114696": "if you want some improvements there but that's kind of what it is right now so that would mean", "gV02CPKv61A-00180-00114696-00115400": "you could even have a video that shows for two days right you can have two days of a video and", "gV02CPKv61A-00181-00115400-00115920": "then another video that starts after one day so you can actually make that you can make", "gV02CPKv61A-00182-00115920-00116680": "this overlapping process if you wanted to it's really quite um complete right there or quite you", "gV02CPKv61A-00183-00116680-00117183": "can make it complicated I guess we can say that okay so if I go back to the course now so that's", "gV02CPKv61A-00184-00117296-00117816": "so that's basically the things you can do with a drip course and how you can use it to create", "gV02CPKv61A-00185-00117816-00118511": "a virtual summit so that's how I did this one July 12th 21st basically what happened is every", "gV02CPKv61A-00186-00118511-00119056": "day people could come to the to the platform come to this page and they could see different videos", "gV02CPKv61A-00187-00119056-00119616": "that this would grow right it's say day one on the first day there were nothing else right and", "gV02CPKv61A-00188-00119616-00120248": "then on the second day you had day one and you had day two right and then the third day the day three", "gV02CPKv61A-00189-00120248-00120759": "got added fourth day et cetera et cetera right and now since we're past the end of it July 20 we're", "gV02CPKv61A-00190-00120759-00121583": "past July 21st now we're seeing all of them right introduction as well and all that right um okay so", "gV02CPKv61A-00191-00121583-00122504": "let's create a drip course so that you can see how that works let me first log out and I go down here", "gV02CPKv61A-00192-00122840-00123192": "and let's register an account which is really simple when you go to", "gV02CPKv61A-00193-00123192-00123568": "when you first go to ClickeCourse.com you're going to see this page", "gV02CPKv61A-00194-00123568-00123848": "and then you can just click on the register up top right over here", "gV02CPKv61A-00195-00123928-00124583": "and normally you should just click on continue as whatever for Facebook it'll automatically", "gV02CPKv61A-00196-00124583-00125208": "get your email and your name and your profile picture from Facebook otherwise because I'm", "gV02CPKv61A-00197-00125208-00125728": "already I already have an account I want to show you what that looks like so let's call this cis", "gV02CPKv61A-00198-00125976-00126280": "what are we what are we okay", "gV02CPKv61A-00199-00126544-00127048": "three six five there we go okay so I'm going to do that here I'm just going to create a new account", "gV02CPKv61A-00200-00127104-00127304": "using this oops I guess I didn't", "gV02CPKv61A-00201-00127535-00128144": "there we go you click on the register button so what that does is send you an email to whatever", "gV02CPKv61A-00202-00128144-00128680": "email you gave it and then it'll uh activate the account so let's just go back to my inbox here", "gV02CPKv61A-00203-00128759-00129264": "and reload this there should be another activation there you go account activation", "gV02CPKv61A-00204-00129264-00129728": "so you're going to get an email like this where you can just click the link", "gV02CPKv61A-00205-00129728-00130080": "to activate your account right so we're just going to activate this account right here", "gV02CPKv61A-00206-00130192-00130592": "and now it says the account's activated and also log me in as you can see right", "gV02CPKv61A-00207-00130592-00131048": "here there's a little face now um I can go and update my profile picture if I want", "gV02CPKv61A-00208-00131048-00131656": "for example I go into profile right here and I can upload a picture and I'm just going to say", "gV02CPKv61A-00209-00131976-00133264": "let's see if I go to here here let's put this picture and save so now I have this picture here", "gV02CPKv61A-00210-00133264-00133696": "which is not obviously it's not a real profile but you can see now it's updated up here", "gV02CPKv61A-00211-00133696-00134056": "you see the little profile picture there all right so now what you're going to want to do", "gV02CPKv61A-00212-00134056-00134616": "is you're going to create a course even though you're creating a virtual summit it's going to be", "gV02CPKv61A-00213-00134616-00135144": "a course in terms of you know how it's organized right so you click the little plus right here", "gV02CPKv61A-00214-00135224-00135984": "and select course and then we're just going to call this virtual summit", "gV02CPKv61A-00215-00136128-00137448": "intro so let's talk whoops test course to show how to create a virtual virtual", "gV02CPKv61A-00216-00137576-00138064": "a virtual summit all right so we can have details in here obviously", "gV02CPKv61A-00217-00138064-00138520": "if you're creating a virtual summit you're going to have a a summary there and you have proper", "gV02CPKv61A-00218-00138520-00138936": "details and you might have a footer which has maybe a link to your blog or something like that", "gV02CPKv61A-00219-00139024-00139792": "but that's what we're just going to do that for now okay these are the details of the summit right", "gV02CPKv61A-00220-00139792-00140392": "so just do that so now we can click on the next down here or we just go straight to type we can", "gV02CPKv61A-00221-00140392-00140984": "click directly on those right so let's just click on type so this is a drip course because that's", "gV02CPKv61A-00222-00140984-00141744": "what we want to do for a summit so I do drip I'm going to set the start date to let's say let's", "gV02CPKv61A-00223-00141744-00142456": "make it two days ago so that we can see what it looks like actually let's make it yesterday 2021", "gV02CPKv61A-00224-00142704-00143336": "all right and then the start time is going to be let's say 8 as well and I'm just going to say next", "gV02CPKv61A-00225-00143496-00144120": "yeah there's a bug right now I got to figure that out but 20 21 0 7 20.", "gV02CPKv61A-00226-00144232-00144664": "it seems to be okay after I do it once so I'm not really sure what happens here but", "gV02CPKv61A-00227-00144664-00144952": "I'll i'll fix that probably by the time you look at it it'll be fixed", "gV02CPKv61A-00228-00145152-00145816": "uh but let's just go back over here I have to reload page edge of course", "gV02CPKv61A-00229-00146728-00147776": "and next uh let's go fix that and I'll come right back", "gV02CPKv61A-00230-00147920-00148472": "all right so the problem was the time zone I i have to deal with that but basically because", "gV02CPKv61A-00231-00148472-00149008": "I haven't gone into here and set my time zone yet it was causing a problem with the", "gV02CPKv61A-00232-00149096-00150000": "with that so let me just go and say new york oops new york america new york is good save that and if", "gV02CPKv61A-00233-00150000-00150680": "I go back to my course down here I go into courses it'll get allow me to go see my course okay so", "gV02CPKv61A-00234-00150680-00151384": "now I have this and we're going to set the drip course part of it right so let's go edit again", "gV02CPKv61A-00235-00151584-00152080": "okay so now the type is set to drip course 0 7 let's say 20", "gV02CPKv61A-00236-00152288-00152992": "and then we want to have a cover image let's create a cover image let's use the same image", "gV02CPKv61A-00237-00153136-00153688": "and then we can set a price of say 200 and the drip price will be zero", "gV02CPKv61A-00238-00153896-00154184": "and let's make it an unlisted for now", "gV02CPKv61A-00239-00154336-00154856": "anything else we need to like the rest we don't need to worry about right now let's just say done", "gV02CPKv61A-00240-00155064-00155720": "so now we have this virtual summit intro course right and there's nothing in it so the the first", "gV02CPKv61A-00241-00155720-00156264": "part of the creation of the virtual summit is you got to create this this container right a course", "gV02CPKv61A-00242-00156264-00156976": "container which is for the course right after that you have to add lessons you might want to", "gV02CPKv61A-00243-00156976-00157456": "remove the well I use let's first do the lesson you can either press the plus right here or on", "gV02CPKv61A-00244-00157456-00158160": "this plus there's a lesson option so let's do that and we can specify our own file for the thumbnail", "gV02CPKv61A-00245-00158232-00158592": "I'm actually going to enter all my details in here because I'm going to say", "gV02CPKv61A-00246-00158672-00159472": "introduction and I'm going to say this is is what this is about", "gV02CPKv61A-00247-00159624-00160464": "and we will introduce the summit here right so let's say you have an introduction video", "gV02CPKv61A-00248-00160536-00161216": "uh I'm just gonna I'm gonna just I'm gonna all right I forgot about that there's uh there's", "gV02CPKv61A-00249-00161216-00161640": "the possibility of uploading videos or specifying your your YouTube links", "gV02CPKv61A-00250-00161704-00162240": "if you have a free account on click course you you can only specify links you can't upload videos", "gV02CPKv61A-00251-00162240-00162912": "so let's let's go make my account an account that can do that so let me just go over here", "gV02CPKv61A-00252-00163088-00163744": "let's let's just let me go set that up okay so once you've upgraded your account now you'll be", "gV02CPKv61A-00253-00163744-00164184": "able to specify an upload video and said we're going to do the upload because it'll it'll be", "gV02CPKv61A-00254-00164184-00164600": "easier for me to show you because I already have videos and everything so let's say this is the", "gV02CPKv61A-00255-00164600-00165336": "virtual summit intro I'm going to specify my own thumbnail file and let's go into that actually my", "gV02CPKv61A-00256-00165336-00165800": "big cloud virtual summit that I had because I can reuse those just to kind of show you", "gV02CPKv61A-00257-00166000-00166984": "so the intro video was let's say this one it was this one video one was uh introduction", "gV02CPKv61A-00258-00167168-00167448": "which I gotta see which is a smaller one", "gV02CPKv61A-00259-00167784-00168240": "I believe it was this one there you go so this one here oh no that's someone I want", "gV02CPKv61A-00260-00168416-00168704": "oh my oh my I don't want the image for it", "gV02CPKv61A-00261-00168944-00169624": "oh actually I don't this is not okay sorry we're not gonna do that I'm just gonna cancel this use", "gV02CPKv61A-00262-00169624-00170112": "default thumbnail okay so this one I just want to specify the video so upload video instead", "gV02CPKv61A-00263-00170112-00170560": "choose a file this video I was I was picking the wrong thing I was picking the video for the", "gV02CPKv61A-00264-00170560-00171336": "image so this the video here and I i just want a video just one video right so this is going to be", "gV02CPKv61A-00265-00171336-00171968": "the introduction to the summit which is going to be a video that I'm going to make accessible for", "gV02CPKv61A-00266-00171968-00172648": "for free I'm going to make it free yes and I'm gonna make it day one start of course pre-drip", "gV02CPKv61A-00267-00172648-00173352": "access is gonna be main video uh pre-drip is gonna be main and post trip is gonna be", "gV02CPKv61A-00268-00173352-00173880": "made so I wanna basically make that video accessible no matter what because it's just", "gV02CPKv61A-00269-00173880-00174208": "like an introduction that's supposed to kind of explain what the summit's about", "gV02CPKv61A-00270-00174208-00174832": "and let people decide that they want to actually you know register and get the the pass and or", "gV02CPKv61A-00271-00174832-00175632": "buy it or that kind of stuff right so um and then I just save that it uploads the video", "gV02CPKv61A-00272-00175856-00176672": "and after it's uploaded it will do some additional things but there you go so this is it gets the", "gV02CPKv61A-00273-00176672-00177280": "thumbnail from the video automatically it shows you um options to watch it and also even lets you", "gV02CPKv61A-00274-00177336-00177672": "have the audio so if I go back to the course now", "gV02CPKv61A-00275-00177960-00178640": "I have the one video for the course that I need to publish because otherwise even if even if I made", "gV02CPKv61A-00276-00178640-00179096": "the course available somebody wouldn't see this I got to publish it first so now it's published", "gV02CPKv61A-00277-00179152-00179656": "so I have one video so let's add the day two video so let's say I go back here", "gV02CPKv61A-00278-00179656-00180264": "another lesson and this will be the day two I wanted to start on day two right", "gV02CPKv61A-00279-00180368-00181376": "I'm gonna upload a video here that's going to be my day 2 video this is one here now I want", "gV02CPKv61A-00280-00181376-00182008": "this video to not show when we first start so the pre-drip I want it to be", "gV02CPKv61A-00281-00182008-00182440": "none I don't want anybody to be able to see anything the post strip though after", "gV02CPKv61A-00282-00182520-00183024": "the day is over I want to show this like trimmed version of it right so I'm going to go in here", "gV02CPKv61A-00283-00183088-00183472": "and I'm going to choose another video for the day 2. I have one right here which is a", "gV02CPKv61A-00284-00183472-00184040": "trim two minute version of it so know how to do all that obviously we can cover in a different", "gV02CPKv61A-00285-00184040-00184408": "episode but right now I'm just kind of showing you say you have all these things already done", "gV02CPKv61A-00286-00184488-00185048": "so now you put the day two one right here now you have two different videos and you're choosing that", "gV02CPKv61A-00287-00185048-00185624": "the post strip is going to be video number two so after the day is over after the free access", "gV02CPKv61A-00288-00185624-00186352": "is done you're making this just the this that other video but but before the day you don't want", "gV02CPKv61A-00289-00186352-00186968": "any access right so this will be day two comments that's not free so let me just save that like this", "gV02CPKv61A-00290-00187184-00187576": "and it's gonna upload both of the videos so you can see right here it's uploading this and it's", "gV02CPKv61A-00291-00187576-00188272": "uploading this as well it's uploading both of them right and and so yeah so let's just wait", "gV02CPKv61A-00292-00188272-00188904": "for that and then I'll show you what happens afterwards now that the video is uploaded", "gV02CPKv61A-00293-00189016-00189328": "it's got to do some processing gets the image out of it right that kind of stuff", "gV02CPKv61A-00294-00189384-00189696": "so now you can see there's two audios and there's two videos right here", "gV02CPKv61A-00295-00189808-00190432": "and if I go back to the course again we have these two videos right here and I can say publish now", "gV02CPKv61A-00296-00190552-00191208": "and this is on day two now it says lesson number two and says that so that's we let's edit we can", "gV02CPKv61A-00297-00191208-00191704": "edit those in a second let's do the third day video now let's add the third day video", "gV02CPKv61A-00298-00191776-00192424": "another lesson and this will be day three so let's make it day three right and let's do", "gV02CPKv61A-00299-00192424-00193152": "the same thing upload video we're gonna choose the day three video which is this one here and", "gV02CPKv61A-00300-00193152-00193936": "then the shorter version of it the day three is right over here whoops right oops sorry this one", "gV02CPKv61A-00301-00194000-00194912": "and that's day three pre-drip is non-pre-drip video is none post is the video too right okay", "gV02CPKv61A-00302-00194912-00195384": "so now we were and now we're going to show you kind of what happens when you have this and how to", "gV02CPKv61A-00303-00195440-00196088": "fine tune it so now we have three videos or we have the video that's available from the", "gV02CPKv61A-00304-00196088-00196768": "beginning no matter what that's free even that people can see whether they register or not just", "gV02CPKv61A-00305-00196768-00197248": "so they get an idea of what this is all about then we have the day two video which shows up", "gV02CPKv61A-00306-00197328-00197856": "on the second day and then we have the day three video which shows up on the third day so that", "gV02CPKv61A-00307-00197856-00198640": "means because I started this course the start date of it I made it yesterday right that means that if", "gV02CPKv61A-00308-00198640-00199208": "I was to access this well first I got to make sure I got to finish it and save it if I go back here", "gV02CPKv61A-00309-00199208-00199784": "I got to activate this one too make sure they're all published right so publish it", "gV02CPKv61A-00310-00199904-00200376": "okay so now they're all published this is number three it says they all say new lesson because I", "gV02CPKv61A-00311-00200376-00200952": "didn't edit it I'll show you in a minute how to do that but if I go for example into a new incognito", "gV02CPKv61A-00312-00200952-00201672": "window let's say share right here and I'm going to open this in an incognito window so now when I go", "gV02CPKv61A-00313-00201672-00202424": "there to this link I see I have one lesson and two where is lesson three why is lesson three not even", "gV02CPKv61A-00314-00202424-00203128": "there that's because lesson three is only going to be available tomorrow right we said that we don't", "gV02CPKv61A-00315-00203128-00203792": "want we want this one the number three to only be available on day three and right now because", "gV02CPKv61A-00316-00203792-00204424": "we started the the course yesterday or the drip yesterday today we're on day two which means that", "gV02CPKv61A-00317-00204424-00204808": "day three is not available yet right that's kind of how it works so anything after day three would", "gV02CPKv61A-00318-00204808-00205408": "not be available even if you had it here published and everything based on the settings we chose", "gV02CPKv61A-00319-00205408-00205984": "right so now you can see that you can actually watch this right now you can click on a watch now", "gV02CPKv61A-00320-00206128-00206471": "it says watch now and this one says register to add right you can't", "gV02CPKv61A-00321-00206471-00206952": "you can't uh watch it unless if I was to click on this it'll take me to the", "gV02CPKv61A-00322-00206952-00207592": "uh well it's got oh I guess you gotta log in and stuff to do that but okay so now we have these", "gV02CPKv61A-00323-00207592-00208071": "three if we had more obviously we added more and more and more it would be the same process", "gV02CPKv61A-00324-00208071-00208496": "but let's just take a look at these now I want to fix all this now I can go and edit each of", "gV02CPKv61A-00325-00208496-00209071": "these individually by clicking the little edit but for the the topic and the basic", "gV02CPKv61A-00326-00209071-00209536": "summary and all that I can actually go right into the lessons list which is just this link here", "gV02CPKv61A-00327-00209632-00210184": "and I can see the list right here and I can actually edit this I can say this is intro", "gV02CPKv61A-00328-00210328-00211248": "all right and then this one here is day one uh day two video right and well let's just", "gV02CPKv61A-00329-00211248-00212112": "say day two we do like that and this one here is day three day three all right um", "gV02CPKv61A-00330-00212280-00212744": "and I can do the same thing with summary I can edit this this is the introduction this is the", "gV02CPKv61A-00331-00212744-00214160": "introduction to the summit right and over here I can say on day two we'll talk about or actually I", "gV02CPKv61A-00332-00214160-00215000": "probably wouldn't say that I would just say let's talk about x right and over here let's talk about", "gV02CPKv61A-00333-00215160-00215736": "talk about y right so you can whatever you want to put obviously it's your it's your course so you", "gV02CPKv61A-00334-00215736-00216304": "choose what the summary is what the details are and by the way let's just show you here details", "gV02CPKv61A-00335-00216384-00216952": "of the introduction I'm going to show you where that goes if I just save that like this", "gV02CPKv61A-00336-00216952-00218056": "then I go here these are whoops not the details of the day 2 video and let's do it over here too", "gV02CPKv61A-00337-00218200-00219023": "details of the day 3 video right so we have those set now now the other thing that you can do too", "gV02CPKv61A-00338-00219023-00219544": "you can choose whether people can comment on the different videos you can change this to know if", "gV02CPKv61A-00339-00219544-00220071": "you don't want them to comment there whether it's free or not is chosen here then the footer is also", "gV02CPKv61A-00340-00220071-00220544": "something you do and you can edit those right here too and I think that's all you can do otherwise", "gV02CPKv61A-00341-00220544-00221064": "you can go straight you can go to the edit of that particular thing and you can even clone", "gV02CPKv61A-00342-00221064-00221736": "a video like if I clone this I'm gonna clone this it'll just make this a let's make this a day four", "gV02CPKv61A-00343-00221800-00222200": "and I'm just going to save that like this oh actually it says chrome", "gV02CPKv61A-00344-00222288-00223600": "one two one let's say day four day four talk about zad and this is day four video right okay so we'll", "gV02CPKv61A-00345-00223600-00223992": "just save that this will be the same video right now because I didn't change the video itself", "gV02CPKv61A-00346-00223992-00224680": "but if I go back to the course now I have this day four one right here which I say publish now if I", "gV02CPKv61A-00347-00224680-00225392": "go back to the person that isn't logged in what they see here is still day one and two they won't", "gV02CPKv61A-00348-00225392-00225760": "see anything else they won't see the day three and day four right because it's not published yet", "gV02CPKv61A-00349-00225904-00226360": "what else did I wanna show you all right so I wanted to show you if I go on this it loads it", "gV02CPKv61A-00350-00226360-00227040": "up right here starts playing the little intro here and then after that let's go to the video itself", "gV02CPKv61A-00351-00227304-00227936": "all right welcome okay so now we see the video itself playing and we can pause it and you can", "gV02CPKv61A-00352-00227936-00228504": "see up here this is where you would see the uh the lesson number the day and then the", "gV02CPKv61A-00353-00228608-00229071": "introduction and the details right so this is where it shows up you can hide this or", "gV02CPKv61A-00354-00229071-00229576": "if you want to enable menus if you want to show menus then what happens is now", "gV02CPKv61A-00355-00229576-00230240": "you have menus on the side right here if I go back to go back to this guy and I reload this", "gV02CPKv61A-00356-00230488-00231023": "now there's menus on the side here right shows videos which is just one and two again right same", "gV02CPKv61A-00357-00231023-00231880": "thing one and two and um and then if I disable the ads for example I can turn the ads off", "gV02CPKv61A-00358-00232088-00232504": "right that's fixed that removes the ads if I reload this page here there won't be any ads here", "gV02CPKv61A-00359-00232504-00233056": "either right it's really a it's a choice you make based on your account and all that but still", "gV02CPKv61A-00360-00233056-00233584": "now the other thing is let's say we want this to be a little bit more organized uh let's go", "gV02CPKv61A-00361-00233584-00234344": "in here and let's say we have two videos on day three so I'm gonna add another lesson and I'm", "gV02CPKv61A-00362-00234344-00235056": "gonna put two videos on day three so this will be I'm gonna put it right here day three video two", "gV02CPKv61A-00363-00235232-00236056": "video two of day three and I'm gonna make this a day three no there's nothing pre-drip pre-drip", "gV02CPKv61A-00364-00236056-00236671": "post trip is video two again it'll be the same thing let's just make it a day three it doesn't", "gV02CPKv61A-00365-00236671-00237264": "really matter and then over here I'm gonna choose the day three video which is the same video but", "gV02CPKv61A-00366-00237344-00238160": "it doesn't matter and this will be day three and actually let's make it a day two video because", "gV02CPKv61A-00367-00238160-00238671": "I want to show what happens when you have two videos on the same day so this will be day two", "gV02CPKv61A-00368-00238671-00239367": "let's make this video two of day two video day two video two okay uh let's see that", "gV02CPKv61A-00369-00239519-00239888": "and then what it's what's gonna happen is you're gonna be able to you're gonna see", "gV02CPKv61A-00370-00239952-00240360": "those two one after the other but when you enable the menu there's a way to make it", "gV02CPKv61A-00371-00240360-00241160": "so that they kind of collapse in the day like I have do I have this here no I guess I well yeah", "gV02CPKv61A-00372-00241160-00241816": "I guess I can go to courses and show you where that while that's uploading if I go here right", "gV02CPKv61A-00373-00242040-00242384": "you see how the menu here is day one whoops", "gV02CPKv61A-00374-00242567-00242992": "what happened there we go day one day two day three day four right and if I open them", "gV02CPKv61A-00375-00243056-00243536": "there's more than one if I mouse over it I even see the details of that particular", "gV02CPKv61A-00376-00243608-00244256": "particular video right that's the summary and the details of the video and it's not showing me but", "gV02CPKv61A-00377-00244256-00244871": "if I look down here you can see how it says day two day three post types day three constantine day", "gV02CPKv61A-00378-00244871-00245400": "three william day three general surgery and then day four so the way the the platform", "gV02CPKv61A-00379-00245400-00246064": "works is if you want to organize your videos if you have more than one on a particular day", "gV02CPKv61A-00380-00246064-00246536": "where you want it to be in the same menu pull down right because you have you could have a course", "gV02CPKv61A-00381-00246536-00246967": "this is meant for courses too so if you had a course where you had an introduction three", "gV02CPKv61A-00382-00246967-00247584": "four videos of that introduced you introduced the concept introduced some some other thing", "gV02CPKv61A-00383-00247640-00248136": "you could have all put them under introduction and then you could have you know preparation", "gV02CPKv61A-00384-00248136-00248496": "and then you could have taking action and then you could have", "gV02CPKv61A-00385-00248496-00248967": "conclusion right and you can have multiple videos in each of those sections so those these could be", "gV02CPKv61A-00386-00248967-00249384": "like sections you can use modules as well there's other ways to do this but just from the menu", "gV02CPKv61A-00387-00249384-00250128": "perspective that means that you go here if I go back to the course let's publish this video here", "gV02CPKv61A-00388-00250319-00250832": "now I want this to be after the other one so if I go into the lessons right here", "gV02CPKv61A-00389-00250832-00251344": "oops under lessons now I can move this up right I want this to be", "gV02CPKv61A-00390-00251680-00252176": "I want this to be moved up uh it doesn't look like that's working actually let's move", "gV02CPKv61A-00391-00252176-00253128": "this down maybe oh look at that huh okay let's make this uh let's make this tan and make this", "gV02CPKv61A-00392-00253519-00254080": "oh I guess I can't there's something going on I see okay so let's just say I want this to be", "gV02CPKv61A-00393-00254296-00254552": "this will be sort id number 10", "gV02CPKv61A-00394-00254823-00255471": "and back to the list now it's going to be 10 and this is 11 day 2. there you go we got them in", "gV02CPKv61A-00395-00255471-00255880": "the right order so day 2. so now what I want to do is I want to show you how to organize", "gV02CPKv61A-00396-00255880-00256664": "them so over here I want to have day 2 video one right and then over here I'm gonna have day two", "gV02CPKv61A-00397-00256840-00257480": "video two with that when you put the vertical bar it uh it sets them up as organization so", "gV02CPKv61A-00398-00257480-00258632": "I'm gonna do the same thing video one and then day four video one and then under introduction", "gV02CPKv61A-00399-00258880-00259784": "what is this like that okay so now they all have a like a vertical bar right and if I go back to my", "gV02CPKv61A-00400-00259784-00260592": "uh go back to my menu go back to the course you see by magic now the menu will have these like", "gV02CPKv61A-00401-00260592-00261192": "separations see day two day three day four right now you might want to get rid of this 2.2 right", "gV02CPKv61A-00402-00261192-00261728": "there 2.3 I'm going to say show lesson no I don't want the lesson numbers because I don't need them", "gV02CPKv61A-00403-00261800-00262392": "I'm organizing c video one video two video one video two introduction what is this now if I go", "gV02CPKv61A-00404-00262392-00263200": "back to the um you know the incognito view instead of videos now it says introduction", "gV02CPKv61A-00405-00263200-00263872": "and day two right day two introduction so that's kind of how you organize it now as you can see", "gV02CPKv61A-00406-00263872-00264496": "the videos will show up over time over your period of your summit if your summit is 30 days that's", "gV02CPKv61A-00407-00264496-00264928": "fine you can have 30 different videos you can have five videos per day it's really up to you", "gV02CPKv61A-00408-00265008-00265648": "and you can have it automatically schedule things over time using the drip courses so if", "gV02CPKv61A-00409-00265648-00266184": "you have any questions of course you can always reach out but we'll see you in the next episode", "gV02CPKv61A-00410-00266344-00266856": "This has been Course Income Secrets, the entrepreneur's blueprint to generating", "gV02CPKv61A-00411-00266856-00267264": "income from the e-learning boom! Some of your friends need to hear this message,", "gV02CPKv61A-00412-00267264-00267792": "so don't forget to share. For more content like this, go to CourseIncomeSecrets.com", "gV02CPKv61A-00413-00267792-00268536": "and make sure to subscribe and follow us here. My name is Jean-Serge Gagnon, until next time..."}}, {"audio_id": "gV-sOD4kvmu", "text": {"gV-sOD4kvmu-00000-00000029-00000166": "- We're ready, Jeff.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00001-00000166-00000392": "Whenever you're ready.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00002-00000392-00000482": "We're on?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00003-00000482-00000638": "Okay, perfect.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00004-00000638-00001061": "Good morning, everybody, we're back.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00005-00001061-00001234": "Hello?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00006-00001402-00001573": "It's not on?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00007-00001699-00001896": "Hello, hello?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00008-00001896-00002127": "But that's too close.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00009-00002246-00002426": "Hello?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00010-00002629-00002832": "Good morning.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00011-00002832-00002969": "Alicia, it looks like you're going to have to talk", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00012-00002969-00003261": "really close to it.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00013-00003261-00003366": "Can you guys hear me?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00014-00003366-00003579": "Can you hear me?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00015-00003740-00003907": "Good morning, everybody.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00016-00003907-00004079": "Trying to make sure that this mic works.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00017-00004079-00004299": "Can you guys hear me?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00018-00004299-00004474": "Okay, good, so.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00019-00004474-00004657": "Looks like you have to be right up close to it.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00020-00004657-00004745": "- Okay.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00021-00004745-00005005": "- Okay, so.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00022-00005005-00005330": "As you make your way back to your seats,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00023-00005330-00005730": "I want to ask who in the room has taken", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00024-00005730-00006059": "one online course as part of your undergraduate", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00025-00006059-00006352": "or graduate degree?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00026-00006352-00006768": "How many people have taken five courses?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00027-00006768-00007174": "How many people have taken 10 courses?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00028-00007174-00007601": "How many people have taken 15 courses?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00029-00007601-00007889": "How many people have taken 20 courses", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00030-00007889-00008242": "as part of your undergraduate or graduate degree?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00031-00008242-00008412": "How many people have taken,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00032-00008412-00008553": "did I do 20 yet?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00033-00008553-00008811": "25 courses?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00034-00008811-00009025": "Okay, it's getting there.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00035-00009025-00009236": "(chuckles) How many people taken 28?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00036-00009236-00009310": "How many have you taken?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00037-00009310-00009370": "- 28.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00038-00009370-00009512": "- 28 online courses?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00039-00009512-00009758": "At least 28 online courses?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00040-00009758-00009851": "- [Voiceover] Just ask her how many right here.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00041-00009851-00009937": "(audience laughs)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00042-00009937-00010113": "- Okay, how many?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00043-00010113-00010302": "- [Audience Member] 130 credits.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00044-00010302-00010504": "- (mumbles).", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00045-00010504-00010631": "How many?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00046-00010631-00010829": "- [Audience Member] (mumbles too low to hear)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00047-00010829-00010908": "- Perfect, perfect.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00048-00010908-00011197": "So there are few people in the world,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00049-00011197-00011334": "at least in this room,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00050-00011334-00011795": "who have taken 28 online courses", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00051-00011943-00012336": "as part of their undergraduate or graduate degrees,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00052-00012336-00012836": "and I am so pleased and delighted and happy", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00053-00012870-00013299": "to introduce Alicia Fernandez to you.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00054-00013299-00013513": "She is an Open SUNY online student", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00055-00013513-00013875": "and she is also the recipient of the 2015", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00056-00013875-00014159": "National University Technology Network Online", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00057-00014159-00014630": "Student Recognition Award which was given to her", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00058-00014630-00014790": "in, last year,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00059-00014790-00015073": "in Savannah, Georgia at the annual conference,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00060-00015073-00015287": "the Newton Annual Conference.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00061-00015287-00015614": "Full disclosure, I nominated her for that award.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00062-00015614-00015696": "(audience laughs)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00063-00015696-00016196": "And she was also my student in the", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00064-00016200-00016700": "very highly rated, in U.S. News and World Report", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00065-00016717-00016979": "online masters program,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00066-00016979-00017174": "CDIT at U Albany.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00067-00017174-00017471": "Alicia is the reason,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00068-00017471-00017852": "is the poster person for Open SUNY.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00069-00017852-00018352": "She is an adult re-entry student for whom Open SUNY,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00070-00018365-00018730": "I think, was envisioned.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00071-00018730-00019122": "I think she's a real life example of the extraordinary", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00072-00019122-00019543": "impact that online learning can have on a person's", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00073-00019543-00019779": "life who takes full advantage of it,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00074-00019779-00020279": "and I really want to congratulate you", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00075-00020290-00020618": "and, on everything,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00076-00020618-00020810": "on all of your successes,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00077-00020810-00021105": "and I'm so pleased to introduce her to you and have her", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00078-00021105-00021467": "talk to us about what she's learned after taking 28", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00079-00021467-00021707": "online college courses.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00080-00021707-00021827": "Welcome, Alicia.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00081-00021827-00022064": "- Thank you.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00082-00022064-00022236": "Thank you for that kind introduction, Alex.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00083-00022236-00022431": "All right, well, I'm pleased to be here,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00084-00022431-00022765": "representing one of the 7 million students", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00085-00022765-00022900": "who didn't have college degrees", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00086-00022900-00023088": "that Doctor Cartright referenced yesterday", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00087-00023088-00023237": "in New York State,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00088-00023237-00023569": "so my first slide, as Alex mentioned,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00089-00023569-00023724": "I've taken 17 online courses", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00090-00023724-00023952": "to get my baccalaureate at CUNY,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00091-00023952-00024300": "and 11 online graduate courses to get my M.S.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00092-00024300-00024623": "in Curriculum Development Instructional Technology", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00093-00024623-00024860": "as well as a certificate of graduate study", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00094-00024860-00025022": "in Online Learning and Teaching,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00095-00025022-00025252": "and I'm the proud recipient, as Alex mentioned,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00096-00025252-00025721": "of the Newton Student Recognition Award.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00097-00025721-00025879": "So, a little background on me.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00098-00025879-00026100": "I'm a native New York City resident,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00099-00026100-00026445": "and when my father went to take me to go to school,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00100-00026445-00026675": "the kindergarten teach sent me home because", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00101-00026675-00026838": "I didn't speak English,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00102-00026838-00027117": "and I was home all day with my mom who spoke Spanish.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00103-00027117-00027525": "And, there were no ESL programs back in 1967", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00104-00027525-00027767": "so my father would not take no for an answer,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00105-00027767-00028045": "and he told the principal, \"I will teach her English.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00106-00028045-00028210": "\"She will be back in 45 days,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00107-00028210-00028475": "\"and she will be up to speed,\" and so it happened,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00108-00028475-00028802": "so I was able to attend school.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00109-00028802-00028960": "I went on,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00110-00028960-00029225": "from a myriad of reasons, I went to college,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00111-00029225-00029329": "dropped out of college,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00112-00029329-00029578": "family responsibilities, financial need,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00113-00029578-00029843": "so successfully employed for 30 years,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00114-00029843-00030082": "it never impacted me in any way,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00115-00030082-00030279": "but then, I was laid off in 2009", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00116-00030279-00030435": "after 30 years in the workforce", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00117-00030435-00030726": "and I found out that every job I applied for needed", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00118-00030726-00030854": "a college degree.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00119-00030854-00031103": "All of my experience, all of my merit,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00120-00031103-00031370": "was worthless, so, here I go,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00121-00031370-00031460": "and I say, all right.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00122-00031460-00031651": "I guess I better go to college.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00123-00031651-00031955": "So, clearly, money and time were constraints", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00124-00031955-00032106": "'cause I was still doing some work", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00125-00032106-00032396": "and didn't have money to go to private school", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00126-00032396-00032477": "so I,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00127-00032477-00032707": "I also wasn't sure about what I wanted to study", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00128-00032707-00032949": "so I found an online degree through the City University", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00129-00032949-00033046": "of New York.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00130-00033046-00033239": "They had just started the program,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00131-00033239-00033485": "and I enrolled.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00132-00033485-00033636": "During the enrollment process,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00133-00033636-00033954": "one thing I want to mention as an adult re-entry student,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00134-00033954-00034212": "I really didn't get any advising or any of the concierge", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00135-00034212-00034439": "services you were talking about yesterday,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00136-00034439-00034630": "and when I was choosing courses,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00137-00034630-00034869": "people were telling me, \"Oh, you have to take two semesters", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00138-00034869-00035024": "\"of Spanish.\"", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00139-00035024-00035164": "I'm fluent in Spanish.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00140-00035164-00035233": "(audience chuckles)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00141-00035233-00035470": "And, I don't think I need the two courses,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00142-00035470-00035839": "so, know, when you talk about competency-based learning", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00143-00035839-00035974": "or CLEP exams,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00144-00035974-00036204": "I think my advisor should have said to me,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00145-00036204-00036359": "\"Yes, take the CLEP exams.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00146-00036359-00036499": "\"Get the credit for Spanish.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00147-00036499-00036756": "\"Don't take the CLEP in things that are instrumental", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00148-00036756-00037063": "\"to your degree or possible graduate studies.\"", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00149-00037063-00037219": "So I think these are the type of things", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00150-00037219-00037653": "that the adult re-entry population feels sort of lost.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00151-00037653-00037862": "You're in there, you see the curriculum,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00152-00037862-00038024": "you're transferring credits,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00153-00038024-00038203": "you don't know what's getting accepted, so,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00154-00038203-00038496": "I think that's an area where a lot of people", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00155-00038496-00038811": "are dissuaded from persuing online degrees", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00156-00038811-00039039": "that were in my position.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00157-00039039-00039192": "And, you definitely,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00158-00039192-00039408": "you get a sense that", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00159-00039408-00039585": "you're not being catered to personally,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00160-00039585-00039805": "that it's more about money than it is about, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00161-00039805-00040107": "your attainment of a degree.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00162-00040107-00040413": "So, as I mentioned, I started the B.A. in 2010.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00163-00040413-00040680": "The program, I think, was in its third year.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00164-00040680-00040843": "It had a lot of issues.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00165-00040843-00041050": "You know, a lot of instructors didn't know how to manage", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00166-00041050-00041124": "the LMS.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00167-00041124-00041256": "It was very clunky,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00168-00041256-00041523": "and the students were new to the modality so,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00169-00041523-00041878": "a lot of frustrating days,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00170-00041878-00042094": "and it was apparent to the students", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00171-00042094-00042370": "that some instructors were much more proficient", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00172-00042370-00042660": "in managing the LMS than others.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00173-00042660-00042807": "Not that we had any say about it.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00174-00042807-00042909": "We'd often wonder,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00175-00042909-00043118": "we were all assessed for online readiness.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00176-00043118-00043243": "Were they?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00177-00043243-00043329": "(audience chuckles)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00178-00043329-00043489": "Not sure about that.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00179-00043489-00043828": "(audience applauds)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00180-00043991-00044307": "And, I'm a big proponent, at this point,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00181-00044307-00044578": "that a lot of the frustration could have been prevented", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00182-00044578-00044720": "with better orientation,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00183-00044720-00044936": "so, for example,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00184-00044936-00045129": "don't just tell us to go into Blackboard.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00185-00045129-00045382": "Warn us that we might be typing, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00186-00045382-00045702": "our, well, we're inspired and here we are,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00187-00045702-00045885": "you know, having some intellectual friction,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00188-00045885-00045988": "and boom!", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00189-00045988-00046220": "Blackboard crashes and you just lost all your work,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00190-00046220-00046526": "you know, so, I think if people knew,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00191-00046526-00046733": "type it in Word, paste it in,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00192-00046733-00046991": "the nuances of cutting and pasting between Blackboard", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00193-00046991-00047325": "and, you know, a Word program,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00194-00047325-00047573": "just little things like that that I think", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00195-00047573-00047868": "as the student is trying to fit this all into their", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00196-00047868-00048238": "schedule, it's these little things that would have helped me", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00197-00048238-00048644": "not be frustrated, not contemplate dropping out.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00198-00048644-00048913": "Also, task managers and calendars.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00199-00048913-00049166": "I think any professor that provided a calender,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00200-00049166-00049338": "that was downloadable into Google", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00201-00049338-00049626": "that I could put into my Outlook calendar,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00202-00049626-00049854": "it made life a lot easier because time management", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00203-00049854-00050107": "is such a problem for the online student", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00204-00050107-00050367": "that whatever the institution or the instructor can do", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00205-00050367-00050666": "to facilitate that, it's a win-win.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00206-00050666-00051005": "And finally, I think the biggest challenge for this", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00207-00051005-00051286": "online population is that we're learning how to be online", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00208-00051286-00051574": "students while being online students,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00209-00051574-00051934": "and, you know, this is the bridge we have to", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00210-00051934-00052331": "sort of get over the divide.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00211-00052331-00052575": "Okay, so, cutting and pasting.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00212-00052575-00052860": "In my corporate life, this is all I did all day,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00213-00052860-00053011": "was cut and paste,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00214-00053011-00053434": "and I found out in the classroom", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00215-00053434-00053652": "that cutting and pasting doesn't always work", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00216-00053652-00054042": "because in my first semester, I was in a learning community", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00217-00054042-00054430": "and we were building a wiki on technology terms,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00218-00054430-00054567": "and I said, oh, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00219-00054567-00054767": "cracking, hacking, I didn't know there was a difference", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00220-00054767-00054836": "between these two,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00221-00054836-00054957": "I'm going to use these,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00222-00054957-00055166": "so I pasted them in and I linked them to their", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00223-00055166-00055579": "Webopedia definitions, and I got a zero and was reported", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00224-00055579-00055825": "to the dean for possible dismissal,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00225-00055825-00056013": "and I said, Excuse me?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00226-00056013-00056357": "I'm like, I have a 95 in this class, why?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00227-00056357-00056589": "And the professor, I contacted the professor,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00228-00056589-00056761": "and the professor said, \"Well, that's cheating.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00229-00056761-00056951": "\"You copied and pasted and it's plagiarism,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00230-00056951-00057142": "\"and you violated the policy,\"", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00231-00057142-00057502": "so after a series of negotiations with this instructor,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00232-00057502-00057750": "she got me an online writing tutor", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00233-00057750-00057878": "through the university.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00234-00057878-00058022": "They taught me how to paraphrase.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00235-00058022-00058189": "I was able to resubmit,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00236-00058189-00058405": "and that became a 90.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00237-00058405-00058730": "I completely understand the violation of the policy.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00238-00058730-00059064": "My issue with this was that had I not proactively reached", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00239-00059064-00059352": "out to the professor, I could have easily closed my laptop,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00240-00059352-00059577": "got frustrated, and said, \"I don't need this.\"", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00241-00059577-00059867": "And, I think that when these types of things happen,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00242-00059867-00060051": "when you have somebody that's been outside", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00243-00060051-00060374": "of academia, don't jump to the conclusion", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00244-00060374-00060580": "that they intentionally meant to plagiarize,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00245-00060580-00060885": "because I hyperlinked it, I assumed it was okay,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00246-00060885-00061087": "and if she had just sent me an email and said,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00247-00061087-00061367": "\"This isn't the way you do it,\" I think it would have,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00248-00061367-00061569": "it could have had a much different result,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00249-00061569-00061895": "and I'm lucky that it didn't (chuckles).", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00250-00061895-00062069": "Okay, so,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00251-00062069-00062173": "another thing.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00252-00062173-00062438": "Building community online is not an inherent skill", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00253-00062438-00062714": "that all of us have, and we come to the classroom,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00254-00062714-00063007": "and I think certain instructors really take an effort", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00255-00063007-00063507": "to build a community and maximize our learning.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00256-00063543-00063959": "I'm going to point out two specific instructors of mine.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00257-00063959-00064135": "When I was in Professor Shea's class,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00258-00064135-00064295": "during my first postings,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00259-00064295-00064446": "he read my journal,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00260-00064446-00064804": "my reflection on my learning, and he asked me a question", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00261-00064804-00065097": "about was I maximizing the opportunities", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00262-00065097-00065470": "to build community, to learn from my peers?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00263-00065470-00065821": "And I'm pretty results-driven, and I think I was just", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00264-00065821-00065932": "following the rubric,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00265-00065932-00066165": "and you know, getting the maximum points,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00266-00066165-00066599": "but no, I wasn't maximizing my opportunities for learning.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00267-00066599-00066791": "I wasn't sharing as much as I could,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00268-00066791-00067202": "so it made me review how I trusted my classmates,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00269-00067202-00067409": "how much I was willing to divulge,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00270-00067409-00067641": "you know, the line between sharing and formality,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00271-00067641-00068122": "so that simple comment led me to reflect and change", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00272-00068122-00068273": "my style of learning,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00273-00068273-00068628": "so, just so you know, a one word sentence from a professor", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00274-00068628-00068821": "really impacted me.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00275-00068821-00069083": "In Professor Pickett's class,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00276-00069083-00069399": "after I took on somebody going on about multiple", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00277-00069399-00069747": "intelligences in our first discussion board posting,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00278-00069747-00069977": "Professor Pickett says, \"Great.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00279-00069977-00070089": "\"Fantastic post.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00280-00070089-00070161": "\"Teach us more.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00281-00070161-00070256": "\"Tell us more.\"", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00282-00070256-00070460": "And I said, \"What? Teach what?\"", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00283-00070460-00070727": "I go, \"I have to teach my peers?\"", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00284-00070727-00070941": "And once again, I had to review,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00285-00070941-00071008": "I said, \"Wow.\"", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00286-00071008-00071282": "I said, I have to know this well enough that I can", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00287-00071282-00071398": "teach it to someone.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00288-00071398-00071551": "I go, that's a revelation.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00289-00071551-00071656": "I said, \"Okay.\"", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00290-00071656-00071839": "I said, \"Let me work on that.\"", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00291-00071839-00072183": "From that, I think, for me, in my personal life", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00292-00072183-00072338": "and in my professional life,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00293-00072338-00072565": "the ability to develop how to,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00294-00072565-00072887": "to do competent peer review and self-assessment", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00295-00072887-00073143": "has helped every aspect of my life,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00296-00073143-00073482": "and I think a lot of the people that come in this cohort", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00297-00073482-00073830": "don't have this culturally or professionally", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00298-00073830-00073993": "in their arsenal.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00299-00073993-00074378": "My family, people who are socioeconomically disadvantaged,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00300-00074378-00074561": "you don't have rational discussion.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00301-00074561-00074677": "You're in survival mode,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00302-00074677-00074828": "you're in reaction mode,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00303-00074828-00075158": "so a lot of what's expected in the college classroom", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00304-00075158-00075451": "is not, it's not in our toolkit.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00305-00075451-00075797": "So, the more we're exposed to this,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00306-00075797-00076031": "the more we're taught to reflect,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00307-00076031-00076405": "criticism is not negative, it can be something, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00308-00076405-00076581": "positive.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00309-00076581-00076902": "It was something that", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00310-00076902-00077153": "I've said to Alex, it's made me a better wife,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00311-00077153-00077348": "a better sister, a better daughter.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00312-00077348-00077617": "It's just impacted every area of my life.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00313-00077617-00077856": "On the same token,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00314-00077856-00078239": "instructors that modeled behavior in negotiating cultural", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00315-00078239-00078481": "differences was also pivotal.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00316-00078481-00078822": "In my undergraduate degree, the population was", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00317-00078822-00079124": "international, we had time zone differences,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00318-00079124-00079391": "cultural differences, and one particular class,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00319-00079391-00079667": "it got very heated with a gentleman from the Philippines", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00320-00079667-00079874": "making very derogatory,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00321-00079874-00080199": "well, what we perceived as derogatory", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00322-00080199-00080480": "allegations about women and their roles in society", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00323-00080480-00080652": "and what we should or shouldn't be doing,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00324-00080652-00080956": "and the female professor allowed the discourse to happen", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00325-00080956-00081186": "and a few of the female students contacted her,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00326-00081186-00081286": "and we were very upset", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00327-00081286-00081432": "because this gentleman was basically saying we", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00328-00081432-00081578": "should be home, having children", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00329-00081578-00081783": "and not getting an education,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00330-00081783-00081924": "and she explained to us,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00331-00081924-00082159": "she said, \"That's his culture.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00332-00082159-00082361": "\"He's allowed to have that perspective.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00333-00082361-00082526": "\"You're allowed to disagree with it,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00334-00082526-00082772": "\"that doesn't mean I'm going to allow flaming and insulting", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00335-00082772-00082890": "\"on the discussion boards.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00336-00082890-00083257": "\"So find a way to disagree with him respectfully,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00337-00083257-00083378": "\"view his perspective,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00338-00083378-00083614": "\"understand that he comes from a different place,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00339-00083614-00083747": "\"and move on.\"", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00340-00083747-00084116": "And I think watching her handle him, as a woman,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00341-00084116-00084376": "it led me to realize that, wow, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00342-00084376-00084553": "I don't have to be that reactionary.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00343-00084553-00084922": "I can take things in context and that helped me", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00344-00084922-00085284": "in my work life, dealing with people internationally,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00345-00085284-00085442": "and that's what I mean about, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00346-00085442-00085881": "instructors modeling the netiquette in very authentic ways.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00347-00085881-00086210": "And then, also, private journals and blogs", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00348-00086210-00086689": "really, really helped foster reflection and I think,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00349-00086689-00086865": "they both served purposes.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00350-00086865-00087076": "The private ones give you a chance to, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00351-00087076-00087320": "really delve into things that maybe you don't want to say", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00352-00087320-00087724": "publicly, but the public ones allow you to see your", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00353-00087724-00087970": "classmates' thoughts and you can build on that,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00354-00087970-00088400": "so I think both have their value.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00355-00088400-00088576": "Once again, I'm going to harp on peer review", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00356-00088576-00088746": "and self-assessment because I think", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00357-00088746-00089199": "the ultimate goal, I think, for me, as a student,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00358-00089199-00089350": "which I didn't realize at the time,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00359-00089350-00089661": "beyond getting the degree and securing a better-paying job,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00360-00089661-00089907": "the critical thinking skills I developed", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00361-00089907-00090239": "are really what has impacted me.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00362-00090239-00090415": "It's let me evaluate everything,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00363-00090415-00090859": "in a manner that I never could have before,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00364-00090859-00091195": "and, you know, you find,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00365-00091195-00091374": "you realize that learning's iterative,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00366-00091374-00091609": "and you can explain that to everybody in your family,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00367-00091609-00091885": "that failure's okay, that you can learn from failure", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00368-00091885-00092099": "and that you, you know, just fail,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00369-00092099-00092347": "reflect, revise, move on,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00370-00092347-00092642": "and like I said, I didn't have these skills", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00371-00092642-00092839": "before coming to the classroom.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00372-00092839-00092909": "Okay.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00373-00092909-00093109": "The bane of my existence was,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00374-00093109-00093304": "I always thought that I wrote well,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00375-00093304-00093682": "and I found out that, in academic circles, I did not.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00376-00093682-00093764": "(audience chuckles)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00377-00093764-00094109": "And I was getting little notes about citations", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00378-00094109-00094339": "and about writing in the third person.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00379-00094339-00094667": "This really has to be addressed for this population.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00380-00094667-00094880": "Before you throw them into discussion boards", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00381-00094880-00095080": "and start assigning research papers,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00382-00095080-00095203": "we don't know what this is.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00383-00095203-00095479": "We've been writing memos and typing emails", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00384-00095479-00095640": "and doing reports,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00385-00095640-00095902": "we're progress and task-oriented, and then,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00386-00095902-00096134": "you throw this at us, and I'm like, pardon?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00387-00096134-00096246": "What?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00388-00096246-00096564": "And, it was very disconcerting and it really, I think,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00389-00096564-00097010": "affects your self-confidence and your self-efficacy,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00390-00097010-00097311": "so I think, if this is addressed before the course", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00391-00097311-00097613": "really starts, in some manner, through links", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00392-00097613-00097927": "or, you know, I'm not sure what the solution is", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00393-00097927-00098277": "but I've had myriads of conversations with all kinds", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00394-00098277-00098491": "of students, emailing each other at night,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00395-00098491-00098581": "what is this?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00396-00098581-00098674": "How do you do this?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00397-00098674-00098795": "How do you develop a thesis?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00398-00098795-00098916": "What are they talking about?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00399-00098916-00099257": "So this is all going on behind the scenes.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00400-00099257-00099757": "I loved this and I really culminated this in Alex's class,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00401-00099833-00100188": "the building of a personal learning environment.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00402-00100188-00100451": "I liked that in my first class in CUNY,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00403-00100451-00100720": "we had to do a Digication eportfolio.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00404-00100720-00100873": "And that's still available on a link.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00405-00100873-00101043": "If I want to see the work I did,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00406-00101043-00101191": "I just click on it, I see it,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00407-00101191-00101365": "it's there for the world to see,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00408-00101365-00101635": "and then in Alex's class, we did a blog.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00409-00101635-00101925": "I like that I can revisit these things years later,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00410-00101925-00102234": "and a lot of the learning and a lot of the work we did", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00411-00102234-00102399": "is within the Blackboard frame.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00412-00102399-00102512": "You know, it's password protected,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00413-00102512-00102694": "you'll never have access to it again,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00414-00102694-00102844": "so any wiki you build,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00415-00102844-00103042": "any, you know, collaboration you had,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00416-00103042-00103290": "it just evaporates into the ether,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00417-00103290-00103569": "so I think opportunities for students to", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00418-00103569-00103734": "build these personal learning environments,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00419-00103734-00104142": "should be encouraged, you know, at all times.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00420-00104289-00104375": "Okay.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00421-00104375-00104509": "So now, getting down to the crux of it,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00422-00104509-00104649": "what helped.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00423-00104649-00104950": "From the beginning, I think professors who", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00424-00104950-00105194": "gave you interesting icebreaking activities", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00425-00105194-00105364": "set a tone for the course.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00426-00105364-00105745": "If they used VoiceThread or Vokey or something", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00427-00105745-00105984": "more creative, it was more than just the basic picture", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00428-00105984-00106221": "and hi, this is who I am.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00429-00106221-00106522": "One professor asked all of us to", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00430-00106522-00106840": "admit one thing we were ashamed of,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00431-00106840-00107138": "and one thing no one would ever suspect from us,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00432-00107138-00107542": "and that led to 350 posts from 22 students,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00433-00107542-00107625": "so...", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00434-00107625-00107781": "(audience laughs)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00435-00107781-00107904": "Yeah.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00436-00107904-00108180": "Have people write something interesting.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00437-00108180-00108512": "As we start using the Web 2.0 Tools, which we love,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00438-00108512-00108635": "the students want the media,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00439-00108635-00108932": "they want to interact, but we need feedback.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00440-00108932-00109160": "If we're not using the tools correctly, help us,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00441-00109160-00109604": "or guide us to where we should go for tutorials.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00442-00109604-00109880": "Teachers who incorporate blogs, wikis, multimedia", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00443-00109880-00110028": "presentations, this is what we want.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00444-00110028-00110177": "We want to be engaged, we want,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00445-00110177-00110467": "you know, we're online, we don't want just static text.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00446-00110467-00110788": "You have to compel us a little bit.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00447-00110788-00110890": "I loved,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00448-00110890-00111048": "loved, loved, loved", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00449-00111048-00111192": "audio and video feedback.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00450-00111192-00111368": "I know it's time intensive.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00451-00111368-00111647": "I didn't think anything else compared.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00452-00111647-00111967": "I loved Alex, when she reviewed the course that I wrote,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00453-00111967-00112107": "she would have,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00454-00112107-00112473": "she'd have screenshots of the actual submissions", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00455-00112473-00112822": "and, it's just very,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00456-00112822-00113109": "it breaks that wall down, that barrier of the online", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00457-00113109-00113609": "classroom, so I strongly benefited from it.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00458-00113634-00113853": "Another professor in the SUNY program", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00459-00113853-00114080": "used to do formative feedback summaries", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00460-00114080-00114224": "of the entire discussion board,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00461-00114224-00114503": "so she would mention each classmate", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00462-00114503-00114853": "and point out where we were going right,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00463-00114853-00115125": "and perhaps if we were interpreting something incorrectly,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00464-00115125-00115343": "she nudged us the other way,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00465-00115343-00115443": "so everyone felt,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00466-00115443-00115687": "she wasn't giving individual feedback to all of us,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00467-00115687-00115861": "but we all knew she read our comments,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00468-00115861-00116265": "and just a little snippet on what she thought of it.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00469-00116265-00116525": "Another bane of an adult student's existence", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00470-00116525-00116732": "is textbooks.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00471-00116732-00117041": "You know, I had an astronomy class with a $250 textbook", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00472-00117041-00117421": "that, you know, is a paperweight somewhere.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00473-00117421-00117707": "Any professor who strives to either give us inexpensive", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00474-00117707-00118016": "textbooks or online textbooks or no textbooks,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00475-00118016-00118315": "it's the way to go.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00476-00118315-00118464": "And then, okay.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00477-00118464-00118596": "Family obligations.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00478-00118596-00118866": "When I first started the program, I was in Professor Shea's", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00479-00118866-00119123": "class, and my brother is a police office,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00480-00119123-00119386": "and he was injured during a rescue mission", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00481-00119386-00119567": "during Hurricane Sandy.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00482-00119567-00119713": "I fell back on my work.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00483-00119713-00119878": "I explained it to Professor Shea,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00484-00119878-00120194": "and instead of not accommodating me, he did.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00485-00120194-00120386": "You know, it's okay if there's a late penalty,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00486-00120386-00120537": "but, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00487-00120537-00120716": "we're not 18 year olds.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00488-00120716-00120842": "We have things we're dealing with", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00489-00120842-00121234": "and the university has to understand that", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00490-00121234-00121352": "because we're usually,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00491-00121352-00121559": "we might be in your age group, so, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00492-00121559-00121728": "there's sick kids, there's sick parents,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00493-00121728-00121912": "there's sick siblings, and you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00494-00121912-00122223": "we can't choose that over school.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00495-00122223-00122269": "It can't be done.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00496-00122269-00122388": "I mean, we can't choose school over that,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00497-00122388-00122606": "excuse me.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00498-00122606-00122852": "Okay, what hindered my learning.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00499-00122852-00123103": "Professors disappearing, which happens a lot more", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00500-00123103-00123201": "than you know.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00501-00123201-00123277": "(audience chuckles)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00502-00123277-00123405": "Just, MIA.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00503-00123405-00123735": "No feedback, no logging in, just somewhere.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00504-00123735-00123825": "(audience claps)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00505-00123825-00124101": "And students are frantically emailing each other,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00506-00124101-00124264": "should we tell the dean?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00507-00124264-00124424": "Should we tell the faculty head?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00508-00124424-00124570": "Guess what? We don't.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00509-00124570-00124798": "And we don't tell you on the surveys either", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00510-00124798-00125019": "'cause we don't want it impacting our grade,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00511-00125019-00125107": "and guess what?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00512-00125107-00125397": "It does because I've had professors contact me", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00513-00125397-00125585": "over stuff I've said in surveys", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00514-00125585-00125783": "or on Rate My Professor.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00515-00125783-00125987": "So, it does get back to students", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00516-00125987-00126226": "and they live in fear of repercussion,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00517-00126226-00126488": "and just like on the job, you may not give,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00518-00126488-00126781": "you know, your 360 feedback that honestly,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00519-00126781-00127062": "same thing here, guys.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00520-00127062-00127338": "Late feedback and late grading, also,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00521-00127338-00127461": "just crazy.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00522-00127461-00127712": "We have to adhere to all these schedules", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00523-00127712-00127856": "and have multiple deliverables,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00524-00127856-00128132": "and then it's like, oh, you're going to grade", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00525-00128132-00128358": "four discussion boards like all today", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00526-00128358-00128571": "and I've been waiting for a month, that's great,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00527-00128571-00128736": "and I've been doing it incorrectly.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00528-00128736-00128857": "Thanks, great to know.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00529-00128857-00129075": "(audience laughs)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00530-00129075-00129319": "And the number of students in a course.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00531-00129319-00129730": "One of the courses in the CDIT had 30 students.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00532-00129730-00130018": "Just getting the discussion board to load", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00533-00130018-00130176": "was a nightmare.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00534-00130176-00130417": "And I have no idea how this professor even managed", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00535-00130417-00130612": "this class, but it was great,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00536-00130612-00130768": "because there was a lot of interaction,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00537-00130768-00130960": "but it was just a lot to read,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00538-00130960-00131056": "a lot to manage.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00539-00131056-00131353": "I don't know how well people did in that.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00540-00131353-00131515": "And, group work.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00541-00131515-00131601": "Oof.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00542-00131601-00131810": "Very hard.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00543-00131810-00132158": "I think, in the CDIT program, it was easier", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00544-00132158-00132395": "because we were all geographically,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00545-00132395-00132576": "pretty much all in New York State,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00546-00132576-00132809": "and the online baccalaureate, a nightmare.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00547-00132809-00133180": "Between different time zones and,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00548-00133180-00133480": "it just didn't work and inevitably,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00549-00133480-00133742": "there's always going to be one person who's a type A student", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00550-00133742-00133891": "who's doing all the work,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00551-00133891-00134113": "and it's not apparent to all of you,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00552-00134113-00134415": "and just on a side note,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00553-00134415-00134627": "I had a situation in my,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00554-00134627-00134866": "in the first two courses in the Learning Community at CUNY,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00555-00134866-00134987": "where we had a group,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00556-00134987-00135175": "one of the women decided not to do any work,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00557-00135175-00135328": "kept saying she was in the hospital,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00558-00135328-00135460": "whatever was wrong with her,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00559-00135460-00135755": "at the end, she denied all of it and claimed she was part", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00560-00135755-00135860": "of all the work.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00561-00135860-00136208": "Luckily, the activities were built,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00562-00136208-00136540": "we were building the e-Digiciation portfolio,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00563-00136540-00136881": "and we had a private discussion board", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00564-00136881-00137025": "where everything was tracked,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00565-00137025-00137366": "and I was lucky that the dean went into that discussion", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00566-00137366-00137483": "board and saw everything", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00567-00137483-00137829": "because this girl was making very nasty comments,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00568-00137829-00138042": "she was calling people at home and insulting them,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00569-00138042-00138256": "it just got really out of control,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00570-00138256-00138483": "and it was good to know that the university", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00571-00138483-00138774": "had a mechanism to diffuse that, and to, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00572-00138774-00139092": "have the actual facts in the case.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00573-00139092-00139389": "Cumbersome discussion board posting requirements.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00574-00139389-00139807": "One professor who I adored had a crazy requirement", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00575-00139807-00140071": "where you had to log in six times a week,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00576-00140071-00140236": "three different days,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00577-00140236-00140415": "twice each day", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00578-00140415-00140571": "and they couldn't interlap,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00579-00140571-00140794": "so if you did six postings on a Saturday", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00580-00140794-00140972": "because that's what your week determined,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00581-00140972-00141207": "well, you're only getting credit for two.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00582-00141207-00141560": "And, this just caused a bunch of chaos in the class,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00583-00141560-00141892": "and, once again, you have to understand that people", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00584-00141892-00142170": "are doing this between soccer games and overtime", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00585-00142170-00142477": "and, you know, you just may not have three days", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00586-00142477-00142774": "to log in to do postings.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00587-00142774-00142971": "Formulary quizzes and exams.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00588-00142971-00143078": "Very annoying.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00589-00143078-00143335": "People would just take quizzes off the Pearson website", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00590-00143335-00143537": "and give them to you.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00591-00143537-00143728": "You know, it's rote memorization.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00592-00143728-00143834": "It's lazy.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00593-00143834-00143997": "We know it, they know it,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00594-00143997-00144248": "but it's out there.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00595-00144248-00144440": "So, what do I think is needed?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00596-00144440-00144756": "I think that all online students need this,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00597-00144756-00144981": "but particularly, I think, this cohort.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00598-00144981-00145293": "The targeted concierge services and the advising services", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00599-00145293-00145444": "that I heard mentioned here", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00600-00145444-00145741": "are pivotal to not only enrollment", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00601-00145741-00145915": "but to retention and completion.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00602-00145915-00145985": "Without that,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00603-00145985-00146161": "it has to go beyond the first year,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00604-00146161-00146530": "I don't know how you can do this working with faculty,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00605-00146530-00146851": "or, I didn't know that these services were available.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00606-00146851-00147069": "I mean, I think it's got to be more apparent to students.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00607-00147069-00147231": "Nobody ever reached out to me.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00608-00147231-00147429": "Anything I ever did, I proactively did.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00609-00147429-00147758": "And I think a lot of it could also be addressed", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00610-00147758-00147944": "with orientation courses", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00611-00147944-00148114": "and repository of resources.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00612-00148114-00148371": "Couldn't there be a page or several pages", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00613-00148371-00148557": "on the university website", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00614-00148557-00148683": "for this audience,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00615-00148683-00149168": "with links and maybe examples of exemplary work?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00616-00149168-00149551": "Any professor that gave you a sample paper,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00617-00149551-00149767": "that gave you a sample posting,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00618-00149767-00149848": "that gave,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00619-00149848-00149955": "you know, show us,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00620-00149955-00150250": "because just saying, oh yeah, I need 250 words", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00621-00150250-00150466": "with three citations from the text...", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00622-00150466-00150693": "Show us, show us what it should look like", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00623-00150693-00150786": "because we don't know.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00624-00150786-00150905": "We haven't done this,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00625-00150905-00151218": "you have to show us.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00626-00151218-00151346": "And, that's it.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00627-00151346-00151536": "That's what I have to say, folks.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00628-00151536-00151627": "Thank you.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00629-00151627-00151833": "(audience applauds)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00630-00152282-00152363": "Sorry.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00631-00152363-00152460": "(laughs)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00632-00152460-00152774": "- [Alex] Any questions for Alicia?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00633-00152774-00153062": "- [Alicia] Yes?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00634-00153062-00153375": "- [Audience Member] Did you take any classroom classes?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00635-00153375-00153547": "Have you taken classroom classes?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00636-00153547-00153647": "I mean, you did a long time ago, right?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00637-00153647-00153756": "- Yes.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00638-00153756-00154035": "- How would they compare?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00639-00154035-00154162": "What I'm thinking is,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00640-00154162-00154325": "you came up with a lot of problems,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00641-00154325-00154694": "which I know of and deal with in a lot of ways,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00642-00154694-00155077": "but there's always this sort of implicit comparison", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00643-00155077-00155302": "in a lot of people's minds to the classroom,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00644-00155302-00155428": "and I'm just wondering,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00645-00155428-00155648": "how would you say that compares in terms of", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00646-00155648-00155860": "the conscientiousness of the instructors,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00647-00155860-00156103": "the structure of what,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00648-00156103-00156284": "knowing what you have to do?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00649-00156284-00156500": "- Well, I think a lot of the problems are attributable", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00650-00156500-00156777": "to the fact that's it's (mumbles) in technology", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00651-00156777-00157021": "and a lot of people involved are figuring it out", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00652-00157021-00157155": "as the students are.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00653-00157155-00157383": "In my personal experience,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00654-00157383-00157627": "I went to NYU when I first left high school,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00655-00157627-00157969": "and then left, but I think the courses I took online", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00656-00157969-00158219": "were much better, and I learned,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00657-00158219-00158439": "I gleaned a lot more from that experience.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00658-00158439-00158811": "I'm older, but I also think that the ability to", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00659-00158811-00158994": "think about things and reflect", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00660-00158994-00159178": "and look at what I said last week,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00661-00159178-00159479": "and I just think that the way it's built,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00662-00159479-00159774": "it can foster real intellectual development,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00663-00159774-00159951": "so I prefer online.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00664-00159951-00160257": "I wouldn't go back to school, bricks and mortar anymore.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00665-00160257-00160522": "- Good, I'm glad to hear that.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00666-00160522-00160866": "- Yes, sir?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00667-00160866-00161037": "- [Audience Member] I'm actually starting an online", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00668-00161037-00161288": "workshop for new online instructors", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00669-00161288-00161481": "at Plattsburgh, next week,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00670-00161481-00161827": "and I would like to include the recording of this,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00671-00161827-00162154": "of your presentation, in that online class,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00672-00162154-00162349": "with your permission first of all.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00673-00162349-00162421": "- Absolutely.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00674-00162421-00162633": "- And would you say hello to my students?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00675-00162633-00162711": "- Hello.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00676-00162711-00162842": "(audience laughs)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00677-00162842-00163025": "- Thank you.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00678-00163025-00163318": "- Actually, I'd have to speak to Alex, but for Alex's class,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00679-00163318-00163638": "I built a course based on all of this", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00680-00163638-00163903": "on an orientation for an online student", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00681-00163903-00164037": "in Moodle.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00682-00164037-00164221": "I don't know what the availability of that is,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00683-00164221-00164629": "but, I'm fine with anybody using it.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00684-00164629-00164875": "(audience applauds)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00685-00165149-00165303": "- [Alex] There was a question over there.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00686-00165303-00165542": "- Yes?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00687-00165542-00165927": "- You are the student that I teach, and so I appreciate", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00688-00165927-00166185": "all the wisdom that you brought to us today.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00689-00166185-00166408": "I grapple with one of the issues that you mentioned", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00690-00166408-00166659": "which is to try to foster learning", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00691-00166659-00166991": "from your peers, without having group work,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00692-00166991-00167230": "because the experience I've had is similar", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00693-00167230-00167411": "to what you're describing.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00694-00167411-00167845": "Do you have any suggestions for how to do that?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00695-00167845-00167940": "- Yes.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00696-00167940-00168189": "I've had successful group work when I've selected", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00697-00168189-00168588": "my partners, 'cause I think that throughout your studies,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00698-00168588-00168802": "you will bond with certain people,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00699-00168802-00168969": "and maybe you've had another class with them,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00700-00168969-00169152": "and you interacted with them on the DB,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00701-00169152-00169394": "and I think when that's happened,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00702-00169394-00169494": "that's been really,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00703-00169494-00169745": "and you can have a real,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00704-00169745-00169837": "you can decide, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00705-00169837-00169933": "I'm better at editing,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00706-00169933-00170202": "I'm better at research, and you really start to cultivate", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00707-00170202-00170320": "relationships.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00708-00170320-00170569": "But I think when the professor just randomly assigns", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00709-00170569-00170729": "you to groups,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00710-00170729-00170952": "it's usually unfair 'cause you're usually going to have", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00711-00170952-00171156": "one student that's just logging in and doing the bare", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00712-00171156-00171365": "minimum, and another that's, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00713-00171365-00171535": "striving for excellence.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00714-00171535-00171762": "And, although, I think,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00715-00171762-00172013": "I think if I were a young undergraduate", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00716-00172013-00172183": "that perhaps I would need that exposure", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00717-00172183-00172313": "for the work world,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00718-00172313-00172501": "but me and you,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00719-00172501-00172712": "we've already had that experience in the work world,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00720-00172712-00172902": "and we know how unfair it is.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00721-00172902-00173209": "We don't need to learn about it, so,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00722-00173209-00173576": "that's my qualm with that.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00723-00173576-00173708": "- [Alex] Can we go over here for some questions?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00724-00173708-00173884": "- Oh, sure.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00725-00174021-00174293": "- Mine is more of a comment than a question,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00726-00174293-00174579": "and it piggybacks off the first gentleman that spoke.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00727-00174579-00174802": "It piggybacks off the first gentleman that spoke", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00728-00174802-00175073": "about on campus versus online.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00729-00175073-00175252": "I'm in graduate school now and I've taken two", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00730-00175252-00175617": "online classes, and 10 on campus,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00731-00175617-00175851": "and the problems that you mentioned,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00732-00175851-00176190": "for your online classes,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00733-00176190-00176673": "I've found I've encountered that as well, on campus.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00734-00176673-00176931": "Just an inability of a professor.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00735-00176931-00177298": "And, the two online classes I took were magnificent,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00736-00177298-00177395": "well done.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00737-00177395-00177637": "So, I think it's more of a general problem.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00738-00177637-00177892": "When you're doing it online and you run into those problems,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00739-00177892-00178082": "it's difficult because you're just tethered", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00740-00178082-00178243": "by just a very thin thread,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00741-00178243-00178463": "and you don't know who to go for for help,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00742-00178463-00178740": "and you want to really put negative things in writing,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00743-00178740-00178990": "whereas when you're on campus and you find that happening,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00744-00178990-00179178": "you gather together and kind of complain,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00745-00179178-00179399": "but, nobody's recorded it.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00746-00179399-00179699": "So in general, I think it's more of an overarching", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00747-00179699-00179933": "making sure that the fit is proper for the professor", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00748-00179933-00180191": "and the teaching is something they really like to do,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00749-00180191-00180467": "because in a Research One university, where I'm studying,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00750-00180467-00180762": "I have encountered that on campus as well.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00751-00180762-00180857": "Just a comment.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00752-00180857-00180983": "- [Alicia] Oh I agree, completely,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00753-00180983-00181189": "and just to your point,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00754-00181189-00181470": "professors that are passionate about their topic,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00755-00181470-00181695": "for me, were more important sometimes", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00756-00181695-00181916": "than those that mastered technology", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00757-00181916-00182088": "because I was telling a story yesterday.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00758-00182088-00182415": "I had taken an English course with the retired chairman", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00759-00182415-00182626": "of the English department at CUNY Lehman,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00760-00182626-00182815": "and she was teaching this course in the summer", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00761-00182815-00183063": "and she was sort of disaffected,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00762-00183063-00183195": "hi, yeah, here we are,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00763-00183195-00183370": "we're going to read some literature,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00764-00183370-00183539": "and she asked all of us, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00765-00183539-00183743": "what's your favorite books from the Western canon?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00766-00183743-00183899": "And most of the people in the class,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00767-00183899-00184022": "it was a small class, 12 people,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00768-00184022-00184201": "most people said, we haven't read it,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00769-00184201-00184336": "we lament it,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00770-00184336-00184478": "and when she started reading the stories about,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00771-00184478-00184668": "you know, oh I want to understand Shakespeare,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00772-00184668-00184842": "I want to understand Dickens,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00773-00184842-00185253": "she got so inspired and taught one of the best courses", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00774-00185253-00185397": "that all of us, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00775-00185397-00185808": "her limitations in Blackboard, we didn't care.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00776-00185808-00185866": "- Thank you.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00777-00185866-00185931": "- So I agree.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00778-00185931-00186094": "Yes, Professor Shea?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00779-00186094-00186226": "(audience laughs)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00780-00186226-00186414": "- [Professor Shea] Alicia, I just wanted to say how proud", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00781-00186414-00186600": "we are at the University of Albany", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00782-00186600-00186934": "and CDIT program that we have students like you", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00783-00186934-00187166": "who can bring to life all of these issues.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00784-00187166-00187564": "We have decades of research,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00785-00187564-00187817": "comments from students that we've collected in surveys", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00786-00187817-00188021": "that echo much of what you said,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00787-00188021-00188269": "but I think you really bring it to life", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00788-00188269-00188462": "in a different way than those,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00789-00188462-00188676": "those comments do, so,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00790-00188676-00188980": "I'd just like to offer my congratulations--", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00791-00188980-00189115": "- Thank you, Professor Shea.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00792-00189115-00189284": "- On this honor and also ask,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00793-00189284-00189484": "we'd like, I think we'd like to use this recording--", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00794-00189484-00189535": "- Yes, please.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00795-00189535-00189674": "- Probably for professional development purposes", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00796-00189674-00189846": "as well, so, thanks very much.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00797-00189846-00189974": "- Absolutely, (mumbles).", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00798-00189974-00190233": "(audience applauds)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00799-00190526-00190686": "- [Audience Member] Yes, I agree, thank you for the really", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00800-00190686-00190891": "interesting feedback, it's very useful,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00801-00190891-00191135": "and I wanted to say, I appreciated your comment", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00802-00191135-00191381": "about the formulaic quizzes that are used", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00803-00191381-00191680": "and I tend to agree with some overuse of Pearson quizzes", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00804-00191680-00191924": "and things like that, so if I could get your perspective", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00805-00191924-00192186": "on what makes an effective exam for you,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00806-00192186-00192344": "that would be wonderful.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00807-00192344-00192637": "I mean, our curriculum committee at FIT", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00808-00192637-00192955": "prefers exams that are in the student's voice,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00809-00192955-00193157": "meaning essays, short essays,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00810-00193157-00193452": "so, just your student perspective would be appreciated.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00811-00193452-00193705": "- Yeah, I think if I'm going to demonstrate my learning,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00812-00193705-00194000": "you know, sometimes I think a quiz can be effective,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00813-00194000-00194309": "you know, especially in a science or a math class", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00814-00194309-00194587": "where, you know, you're building on something,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00815-00194587-00194880": "but I don't think that you can exhibit the learning", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00816-00194880-00195263": "or the scaffolding of what you're learning from your peers", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00817-00195263-00195456": "online with,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00818-00195456-00195542": "I'll give you an example,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00819-00195542-00195683": "in that astronomy class I mentioned,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00820-00195683-00195862": "the professor was taking the quizzes off the Pearson", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00821-00195862-00195969": "website.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00822-00195969-00196217": "Well, the answers to those quizzes are all over online.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00823-00196217-00196503": "You really don't have to do much to ace that class,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00824-00196503-00196642": "so he wasn't putting much effort in,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00825-00196642-00196819": "and neither were the students 'cause everyone", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00826-00196819-00197227": "had emailed each other that the quizzes were online,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00827-00197227-00197390": "and I think it's sad because I think,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00828-00197390-00197729": "I know astronomy's not,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00829-00197729-00197896": "you know a psychology class or something,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00830-00197896-00198144": "but I think he could have contextualized things", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00831-00198144-00198514": "to current events and made it more interesting", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00832-00198514-00198802": "and maybe, you know, got us to write an essay", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00833-00198802-00199073": "about something and exhibited more learning, so,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00834-00199073-00199215": "that, to me, those,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00835-00199215-00199445": "the classes that I've retained things from", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00836-00199445-00199691": "are those that challenged me to write,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00837-00199691-00199907": "to relate it to real life,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00838-00199907-00200174": "to relate it to what my peers were writing about,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00839-00200174-00200459": "and that's what you take with you.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00840-00200459-00200531": "- Thank you.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00841-00200531-00200707": "- Yes?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00842-00201007-00201191": "- I can relate to everything you said", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00843-00201191-00201379": "for every single class that I took,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00844-00201379-00201553": "and I've experienced all of your examples", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00845-00201553-00201692": "and I agree with you 100%,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00846-00201692-00201876": "but I was thinking, one of the things that I've thought", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00847-00201876-00202036": "might be helpful for students.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00848-00202036-00202261": "Do you think, if you had to submit a writing sample", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00849-00202261-00202472": "to, say, the Online Writing Center,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00850-00202472-00202691": "as a prereq before you started a course,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00851-00202691-00202842": "I've always thought that maybe that would be helpful,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00852-00202842-00203025": "because I experienced, like you, as an adult student,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00853-00203025-00203188": "I thought I wrote well,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00854-00203188-00203297": "I always had A's in English,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00855-00203297-00203441": "and then when you have to submit a paper", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00856-00203441-00203647": "and you get it back, it's such a shock.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00857-00203647-00203789": "And it's not, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00858-00203789-00203989": "it's a bit of a bridge to get where you need to be,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00859-00203989-00204144": "but that might be good preparatory--", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00860-00204144-00204195": "- It's brilliant.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00861-00204195-00204509": "- work for a student as far as advising all online students,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00862-00204509-00204718": "coming into,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00863-00204718-00204804": "so I just thought...", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00864-00204804-00205140": "- Yeah, CUNY had developed", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00865-00205140-00205396": "an online writing tutor center", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00866-00205396-00205646": "with their writing fellows in grad school,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00867-00205646-00205797": "and they don't use it for that,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00868-00205797-00206092": "but that would de brilliant, because I think,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00869-00206092-00206236": "I think preparation is the key.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00870-00206236-00206503": "I think if, you know, as adults,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00871-00206503-00206761": "if you're told what's expected,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00872-00206761-00206930": "I think we'll meet the expectation.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00873-00206930-00207084": "I think the problem is we don't know what those", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00874-00207084-00207402": "expectations are, until after they're expected (chuckles).", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00875-00207402-00207602": "- Exactly, exactly.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00876-00207602-00207805": "- Thank you.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00877-00207943-00208215": "Yes?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00878-00208215-00208342": "- [Audience Member] So, I agree.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00879-00208342-00208502": "I've had exactly the same experience.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00880-00208502-00208688": "The one that killed me was when my professor disappeared", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00881-00208688-00208855": "forever.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00882-00208855-00208960": "(laughs)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00883-00208960-00209176": "My question is,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00884-00209176-00209475": "did you find that you needed to connect with students", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00885-00209475-00209770": "outside of the prescribed environments?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00886-00209770-00209942": "Were there any ways that you did connect?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00887-00209942-00210095": "Was it through any kind of social networks", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00888-00210095-00210174": "or...?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00889-00210174-00210325": "- Mmm hmm.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00890-00210325-00210497": "Many of us called or emailed,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00891-00210497-00210643": "sometimes because of group work,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00892-00210643-00210903": "sometimes just 'cause we wound up bonding", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00893-00210903-00211270": "or wanted to network about professional things.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00894-00211270-00211770": "So, phone calls, I met a few of them in person.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00895-00211795-00212059": "Yes, Facebook.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00896-00212194-00212489": "Personal emails if we wanted to talk about, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00897-00212489-00212610": "personal matters, family matters,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00898-00212610-00212879": "we didn't want to do that through the school email,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00899-00212879-00213227": "so, I don't think I needed to but I wanted to", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00900-00213227-00213304": "with a lot of people,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00901-00213304-00213601": "and I was the type that I reached out to people a lot.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00902-00213601-00213868": "If I saw somebody that was struggling,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00903-00213868-00214019": "because I'd been through it,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00904-00214019-00214207": "I might send you a personal email and be like,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00905-00214207-00214528": "hey, you know, OWL Purdue's got APA citations,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00906-00214528-00214818": "why don't, just FYI, here's this,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00907-00214818-00215203": "and I wouldn't do that publicly through the discussion", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00908-00215203-00215545": "board or whatever, so...", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00909-00215545-00215740": "- The reason that I ask is beause I think that", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00910-00215740-00215912": "while we have structures in place", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00911-00215912-00216144": "that are useful, there are all these workarounds", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00912-00216144-00216480": "that people do in addition to the traditional methods", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00913-00216480-00216580": "that we use.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00914-00216580-00216775": "- Absolutely.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00915-00216873-00217040": "Yes?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00916-00217138-00217282": "- Hi, thank you, Alicia.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00917-00217282-00217523": "My name is Mia Breitkopf and I'm a librarian.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00918-00217523-00217809": "And I wanted to know, In your educational experiences,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00919-00217809-00218050": "did you work with a librarian?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00920-00218050-00218243": "And if you did, what was helpful?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00921-00218243-00218549": "And if you didn't, what could have been helpful?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00922-00218549-00218663": "- That's a great question.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00923-00218663-00219014": "I did not work with a librarian, other than requesting,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00924-00219014-00219225": "you know, articles online that weren't available", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00925-00219225-00219309": "for download.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00926-00219309-00219694": "However, in one of my classes in the CDIT,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00927-00219694-00219894": "one of my classmates was Sarah Morehouse,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00928-00219894-00220156": "who I think is the librarian at SUNY Empire,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00929-00220156-00220532": "and I was exposed to her tutorial videos on YouTube", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00930-00220532-00220785": "and they were a revelation.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00931-00220785-00220987": "Actually, I think in the course that I built,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00932-00220987-00221424": "I included her videos, so I think that type of tutorial", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00933-00221424-00221591": "on how to use the library,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00934-00221591-00221656": "scholarly,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00935-00221656-00221969": "scholarly research is so foreign to all of us", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00936-00221969-00222086": "coming back to school.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00937-00222086-00222290": "We have no idea what this is,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00938-00222290-00222575": "and I didn't have that,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00939-00222575-00222777": "I was grateful to have the online libraries, quite", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00940-00222777-00223000": "frankly, because I didn't know how I was going to manage", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00941-00223000-00223214": "going to the physical library,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00942-00223214-00223423": "but, you know, using EBSCO", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00943-00223423-00223569": "and doing, no.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00944-00223569-00223750": "You had to sort of figure that out on your own,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00945-00223750-00223987": "but, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00946-00223987-00224261": "people are out there making that material available", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00947-00224261-00224523": "and I think, people should definitely distribute that", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00948-00224523-00224640": "to their students,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00949-00224640-00224795": "so thank you for that question.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00950-00224795-00224983": "Yes sir?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00951-00225143-00225401": "- Thank you for your very candid remarks.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00952-00225401-00225587": "It's very much appreciated.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00953-00225587-00225789": "So, two questions of things that came up", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00954-00225789-00226054": "in your talk.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00955-00226054-00226348": "First of all, the egregious requirements that some", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00956-00226348-00226516": "professors levy, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00957-00226516-00226746": "like six times, two days,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00958-00226746-00227013": "whatever, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00959-00227013-00227380": "and the challenges that many teachers face", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00960-00227380-00227640": "when some professors suck up all the oxygen", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00961-00227640-00227830": "in a student's week,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00962-00227830-00228146": "while others are trying to be more accommodating,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00963-00228146-00228341": "you know, so, the question is about,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00964-00228341-00228610": "you know, maybe your thoughts on strategically", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00965-00228610-00228854": "how to better balance that for people who are in online", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00966-00228854-00229007": "degree programs,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00967-00229007-00229307": "and then the second part is my favorite topic,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00968-00229307-00229550": "the ghost teacher.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00969-00229550-00229634": "You know?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00970-00229634-00229783": "If you build it, they will come,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00971-00229783-00230003": "but if the architect doesn't show up,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00972-00230003-00230231": "you know, it's a huge problem,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00973-00230231-00230454": "and I think that's another thing I'd just sort of like", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00974-00230454-00230795": "to hear a little more from you on.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00975-00230795-00231030": "- Yeah, I'll answer your second question first.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00976-00231030-00231285": "During CUNY alumni advisory panel,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00977-00231285-00231410": "we had the dean in the room,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00978-00231410-00231596": "and this topic came up about teachers", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00979-00231596-00231694": "that just disappear.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00980-00231694-00231838": "And every single student in the room,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00981-00231838-00231993": "and I want to make something clear.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00982-00231993-00232197": "Of the 28 courses I took,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00983-00232197-00232346": "I did an assessment last night,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00984-00232346-00232664": "and only five had issues with late feedback", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00985-00232664-00232815": "and absent teachers,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00986-00232815-00233082": "but five of 28 is five of 28.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00987-00233082-00233377": "So when the dean heard that these teachers just,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00988-00233377-00233651": "I literally had one teacher that posted twice", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00989-00233651-00233851": "in an entire semester,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00990-00233851-00234006": "and just gave grades and that's it,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00991-00234006-00234269": "you didn't know where this person was.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00992-00234269-00234491": "And, you know, the dean wanted to know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00993-00234491-00234603": "you know, what we did,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00994-00234603-00234717": "did we report this?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00995-00234717-00235060": "And quite frankly, we felt that was the university's job.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00996-00235060-00235230": "I said, \"Don't you have mechanisms?\"", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00997-00235230-00235464": "You know, are we policing the faculty?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00998-00235464-00235560": "You know?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-00999-00235560-00235671": "I thought we were here to study.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01000-00235671-00235741": "We're paying you.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01001-00235741-00235878": "We're your customers.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01002-00235878-00236191": "I mean, from our point of view, that's how we see it.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01003-00236191-00236326": "You know, we're paying out of pocket.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01004-00236326-00236672": "We feel like customers, and for you to ask me", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01005-00236672-00236964": "to do your quality control is a little much,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01006-00236964-00237148": "but they didn't seem to have mechanisms.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01007-00237148-00237276": "They weren't,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01008-00237276-00237387": "some kind of restrictions,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01009-00237387-00237640": "they weren't logging in to monitor this stuff,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01010-00237640-00237879": "I'm not sure how they're going to overcome that,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01011-00237879-00238025": "but the students are aware of it", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01012-00238025-00238309": "and,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01013-00238309-00238659": "they're posting about it privately or they email each other.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01014-00238659-00238954": "And there's a lot of,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01015-00238954-00239131": "to Carly's point, there's a lot of communication between", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01016-00239131-00239474": "students off the network regarding professors", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01017-00239474-00239688": "and classes and requirements, so,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01018-00239688-00239885": "before I took Alex's class,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01019-00239885-00240045": "one of my good friends had taken her class,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01020-00240045-00240113": "one of my good friends,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01021-00240113-00240366": "one of my co-students,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01022-00240366-00240586": "so I emailed her and I said, \"Listen, I heard this class", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01023-00240586-00240644": "\"is hard.\"", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01024-00240644-00240877": "She said, \"You better take that alone in the summer.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01025-00240877-00241139": "\"It's really demanding and you're sort of type A", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01026-00241139-00241304": "\"and you're going to be up 'til all hours of the night", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01027-00241304-00241427": "\"building that course.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01028-00241427-00241594": "\"You better not take that with anything else.\"", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01029-00241594-00241696": "I said, okay.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01030-00241696-00242000": "And, quite frankly, Professor Shea's class,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01031-00242000-00242256": "I think, although I liked taking it in the beginning,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01032-00242256-00242541": "and there was a mix of PhD students and grad students,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01033-00242541-00242855": "I maybe should have been advised to take that maybe in my", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01034-00242855-00243103": "second or third semester when I was a little more prepared", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01035-00243103-00243252": "beause it was a lot of theory,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01036-00243252-00243579": "so I think, the advisement portion", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01037-00243579-00243777": "could, when you talk about the balance,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01038-00243777-00243886": "I think,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01039-00243886-00244190": "your counselors know what professors are more demanding", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01040-00244190-00244485": "than others, and I think, they should steer students,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01041-00244485-00244694": "you know, diplomatically,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01042-00244694-00244952": "to form a curriculum that's balanced", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01043-00244952-00245093": "because we don't have that information.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01044-00245093-00245228": "We're getting that information out,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01045-00245228-00245365": "but we didn't have it", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01046-00245365-00245634": "and trickles down to us, but, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01047-00245634-00245808": "people do ask each other questions,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01048-00245808-00246050": "what professor do you think, you know, grades fairly?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01049-00246050-00246315": "You know, who's really", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01050-00246315-00246391": "ridiculous?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01051-00246391-00246614": "You know, and,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01052-00246614-00246795": "you sort of figure things out,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01053-00246795-00246944": "but I think we could use help,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01054-00246944-00247192": "and I think that you'd get less drop out,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01055-00247192-00247369": "and you'd get better performance", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01056-00247369-00247740": "if that was addressed from the institution.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01057-00247912-00248140": "Yes, ma'am?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01058-00248140-00248365": "- Hi, as a fellow CDIT graduate,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01059-00248365-00248530": "I graduated in 2007,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01060-00248530-00248871": "I will say that during my time taking the courses,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01061-00248871-00249071": "I did it in a hybrid format.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01062-00249071-00249275": "But the last semester that I had,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01063-00249275-00249549": "I had some job issues at the time that were really,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01064-00249549-00249860": "really stressful in terms of getting graduated,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01065-00249860-00250102": "and you mentioned that it's really important", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01066-00250102-00250348": "for schools to realize that adult students", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01067-00250348-00250517": "need flexibility.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01068-00250517-00250747": "What would be your suggestions as to how", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01069-00250747-00250965": "schools can help adult students", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01070-00250965-00251184": "and be flexible with their time?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01071-00251184-00251288": "That type of stuff.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01072-00251288-00251427": "Do you have any specific suggestions", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01073-00251427-00251625": "on what we could do to help?", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01074-00251625-00251903": "- Yes, I think that,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01075-00251903-00252105": "number one, they should be honest about", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01076-00252105-00252368": "the commitment of time that it requires upfront.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01077-00252368-00252563": "I think people say, oh, it's nine or 12 hours.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01078-00252563-00252656": "It's usually a lot more,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01079-00252656-00252879": "especially your first couple of semesters,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01080-00252879-00253067": "and they should be candid about that", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01081-00253067-00253278": "so you can plan your life around it.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01082-00253278-00253778": "Secondly, I think if you have an incident that happens,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01083-00253793-00254023": "the instructor, the faculty, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01084-00254023-00254137": "there's ways to do things.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01085-00254137-00254323": "I've had it done for me", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01086-00254323-00254541": "and I think,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01087-00254541-00254734": "I don't think there's a boilerplate solution,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01088-00254734-00254961": "but I think it requires communication,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01089-00254961-00255217": "the instructor being willing to hear about it,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01090-00255217-00255340": "the student willing.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01091-00255340-00255546": "A lot of times, the student doesn't want to tell", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01092-00255546-00255600": "the professor,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01093-00255600-00255792": "you don't want to seem like you're cheating", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01094-00255792-00255983": "or trying to get out of your task,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01095-00255983-00256266": "so you wait, but then, you're like, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01096-00256266-00256494": "now I'm late, now I hit the wall,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01097-00256494-00256819": "so I think, if the environment's there for that type of", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01098-00256819-00257128": "communication, I think it would ameliorate things.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01099-00257128-00257325": "Thank you.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01100-00257325-00257513": "- [Alex] Okay, one last question.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01101-00257513-00257627": "- [Audience Member] Sorry, I didn't realize", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01102-00257627-00257810": "you were trying to close up.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01103-00257810-00257933": "These are all great suggestions.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01104-00257933-00258200": "A lot of what you've talked about are true problems", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01105-00258200-00258428": "with face-to-face teaching too.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01106-00258428-00258688": "I hear it a lot that a student is 3/4 of the way through", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01107-00258688-00258860": "the semester, one of my advisees,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01108-00258860-00259145": "and doesn't know he's doing in the class.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01109-00259145-00259454": "But I think we have a better chance to deal with it", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01110-00259454-00259635": "in the online environment", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01111-00259635-00259895": "because under Kim's leadership", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01112-00259895-00260128": "and Alexander, we're building, I think,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01113-00260128-00260453": "structure, and I think that", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01114-00260453-00260757": "concrete advice,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01115-00260757-00261100": "a list of things that teachers can do", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01116-00261100-00261237": "would be immensely helpful,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01117-00261237-00261609": "would immediately raise all level of teaching", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01118-00261609-00261813": "because many teachers", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01119-00261813-00262052": "who are teaching face to face and move to online,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01120-00262052-00262382": "don't have a habit of communicating with students", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01121-00262382-00262533": "between classes,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01122-00262533-00262698": "and many students don't want to be communicated with", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01123-00262698-00262907": "anyway between classes,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01124-00262907-00263120": "but it's different in online,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01125-00263120-00263330": "so, that would be cool", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01126-00263330-00263425": "if there were,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01127-00263425-00263703": "your Moodle, I certainly want to see it.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01128-00263703-00264040": "I want to see written permission from you to use it", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01129-00264040-00264330": "and then, a list, which I'm sure Kim and Alexander", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01130-00264330-00264521": "have probably already begun to make", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01131-00264521-00264625": "for everybody.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01132-00264625-00264799": "You're not going to impose these rules on a teacher", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01133-00264799-00264978": "or he goes to jail,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01134-00264978-00265159": "you're going to give him a list of things", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01135-00265159-00265412": "that will make his teaching immediately more effective.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01136-00265412-00265572": "That would be very cool, thanks.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01137-00265572-00265682": "- You're very welcome.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01138-00265682-00265923": "- [Audience Member] I just want to comment that,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01139-00265923-00266257": "as we look to the target audience", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01140-00266257-00266452": "for Open SUNY,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01141-00266452-00266847": "we expect to see many more students like Alicia,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01142-00266847-00267093": "and so I think that, you know,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01143-00267093-00267328": "I loved the comment from John about,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01144-00267328-00267676": "\"can I use this in my session for new faculty?\"", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01145-00267676-00267962": "And I, you know, I think we do actually have", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01146-00267962-00268261": "some tremendous resources available for faculty.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01147-00268261-00268500": "We heard from the concierge panel yesterday.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01148-00268500-00268754": "I think we are building a really,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01149-00268754-00268902": "we have the OSCQR rubric,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01150-00268902-00269271": "we have a really robust set of resources, and,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01151-00269271-00269513": "you know, I think, as we've done the institutional", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01152-00269513-00269808": "readiness, we see where campuses are", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01153-00269808-00269993": "and where we can be helpful to them,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01154-00269993-00270453": "so, I just want to acknowledge that and say", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01155-00270453-00270602": "all of what you have said to us today", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01156-00270602-00270832": "is really important and I think,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01157-00270832-00271092": "as we go forward with Open SUNY,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01158-00271092-00271444": "it's, you know, students like you are going to be", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01159-00271444-00271756": "really who we're delivering to, so thank you.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01160-00271756-00271842": "- [Alicia] Thank you.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01161-00271842-00272039": "And just a closing comment.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01162-00272039-00272324": "I hope that this wasn't taken in a negative tone,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01163-00272324-00272603": "because I'm the biggest proponent for online learning", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01164-00272603-00272896": "and for my cohort, this is our only option.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01165-00272896-00273242": "So, I'm only here trying to move the needle", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01166-00273242-00273560": "so that it's better for you, it's better for us,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01167-00273560-00273971": "and, I would never ever think that,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01168-00273971-00274189": "I live in New York City, I have access to all kinds", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01169-00274189-00274326": "of bricks and mortar schools,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01170-00274326-00274421": "it doesn't interest me.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01171-00274421-00274851": "I love that I can sit and read and deliberate and edit", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01172-00274851-00275048": "and think about the posts.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01173-00275048-00275331": "I don't want to be in the classroom and get called on", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01174-00275331-00275601": "and not have that type of reflection going on,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01175-00275601-00275972": "so that was not the intent of my presentation at all.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01176-00275972-00276091": "If you want,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01177-00276091-00276272": "if anybody wants a referral, I'm glad to give", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01178-00276272-00276434": "a testimonial.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01179-00276434-00276574": "(audience laughs)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01180-00276574-00276820": "But, we appreciate everything that's being done", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01181-00276820-00277096": "and we look forward to, you know, it just getting better.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01182-00277096-00277196": "Thank you.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01183-00277196-00277448": "(audience applauds)", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01184-00277932-00278115": "- Thank you very much, Alicia.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01185-00278115-00278382": "We're going to take a 15-minute break", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01186-00278382-00278626": "while we set up for our keynote address.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01187-00278626-00278928": "Michelle Weiss is here,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01188-00278928-00279179": "in place of Paul LeBlanc.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01189-00279179-00279485": "He is ill.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01190-00279485-00279780": "I was emailing and calling frantically with him yesterday", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01191-00279780-00280066": "and he sends his regards and apologies,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01192-00280066-00280566": "and graciously connected us with Michelle Weiss,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01193-00280570-00280976": "and I'm very excited about introducing you to her.", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01194-00280976-00281173": "In about 15 minutes, we'll come back,", "gV-sOD4kvmu-01195-00281173-00281412": "so, see you then."}}, {"audio_id": "gVPKw2RpgW4", "text": {"gVPKw2RpgW4-00000-00000051-00000289": "Hello, and welcome to Bay College's video lectures", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00001-00000289-00000442": "for Math 095.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00002-00000442-00000593": "This is basic algebra.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00003-00000593-00000818": "We're going to look at section 6.4, which", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00004-00000818-00001133": "is an introduction to point-slope form.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00005-00001133-00001517": "Now, before we actually see what point-slope form is,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00006-00001517-00001667": "we're going to review slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00007-00001667-00002002": "Now, slope is defined as the change in y", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00008-00002002-00002460": "over the change in x, which we denote with the letter m.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00009-00002460-00002681": "Now, in order to find slope, we need", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00010-00002681-00003178": "two points-- an xy of one point and an xy of another point.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00011-00003178-00003483": "And we'll denote which one's point two and which", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00012-00003483-00003635": "one's point one.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00013-00003635-00003951": "But what if we were only given one point,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00014-00003951-00004164": "but we already knew the slope?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00015-00004164-00004360": "This equation, which hopefully we", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00016-00004360-00004641": "can see that they're essentially the same equation,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00017-00004641-00004871": "but notice there's no second point here.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00018-00004871-00005128": "It's not denoted as a subscript of 2.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00019-00005128-00005472": "So what if we have one point, but we know the slope?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00020-00005472-00005732": "Well, we can simplify this equation,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00021-00005732-00005978": "which is our slope equation, by clearing", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00022-00005978-00006187": "the fraction of the denominator.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00023-00006187-00006419": "If you recall, if we have an equal sign,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00024-00006419-00006588": "we can clear fractions.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00025-00006588-00006956": "So my denominator is the quantity x minus x1.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00026-00006956-00007106": "So what I'm going to do is I'm going", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00027-00007106-00007592": "to multiply both sides of the equation by this denominator.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00028-00007962-00008355": "Now, if I simplify it, this reduces that.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00029-00008355-00008636": "Anything divided by itself is 1.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00030-00008636-00009218": "So I have one of these changes in y-- y minus y1-- which", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00031-00009218-00009920": "equals the slope times our denominator here, x minus x1.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00032-00009920-00010101": "So now we've cleared the fraction.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00033-00010101-00010641": "This equation is the point-slope form of a line.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00034-00010641-00011275": "Now, we can use this if we have the information of a point, xy,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00035-00011275-00011439": "and the slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00036-00011439-00011818": "So sometimes, it's important to know the name of a formula", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00037-00011818-00012058": "and not just know the formula itself,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00038-00012058-00012389": "because if we know the name, point-slope, if I have a point", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00039-00012389-00012727": "and I know the slope, this is the equation I want to use,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00040-00012727-00012984": "because that's its name-- point-slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00041-00012984-00013374": "So let's look at how to apply this equation.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00042-00013374-00013580": "Now, here we have question.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00043-00013580-00013990": "It says, find the line with the given information of passes", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00044-00013990-00014419": "through the point 3,6 and has a slope of negative 1/3.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00045-00014419-00014590": "Now, in previous equations, if we", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00046-00014590-00014872": "were given the y-intercept and the slope,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00047-00014872-00015412": "we were able to put it into y equals mx plus b", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00048-00015412-00016094": "form, which is our slope-intercept.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00049-00016094-00016343": "Here we have the slope, here we have the intercept.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00050-00016343-00016490": "So this is our first method.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00051-00016490-00016649": "This is the one we used before.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00052-00016649-00016862": "But we're going to use it a little bit differently,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00053-00016862-00017068": "because we're not given the intercept.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00054-00017068-00017223": "We have to find that value.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00055-00017223-00017613": "And we could do it algebraically with the given information.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00056-00017613-00018084": "So this is an x, y ordered pair.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00057-00018084-00018279": "So I can plug this information in.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00058-00018279-00018594": "y is 6.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00059-00018594-00018834": "My slope is negative 1/3.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00060-00019178-00019370": "But I don't know what b is.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00061-00019370-00019461": "Oh, and excuse me.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00062-00019461-00019868": "I do know an x value, which is 3.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00063-00019868-00020338": "So I just put this value in. x is 3, y is 6,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00064-00020338-00020520": "my slope is negative 1/3.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00065-00020520-00020681": "But I do not know b.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00066-00020681-00021018": "Well, if we look at just by plugging that information in,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00067-00021018-00021188": "we only have one variable here.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00068-00021188-00021342": "And we can solve for it.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00069-00021342-00021653": "So method one is to take the point, take the slope,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00070-00021653-00021952": "and plug it into our slope-intercept equation", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00071-00021952-00022127": "and solve for the intercept.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00072-00022127-00022529": "Now, if I do that, if I multiply 3 times negative 1/3,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00073-00022529-00022717": "I get negative 1.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00074-00022717-00022938": "3/3 would reduce to 1.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00075-00022938-00023316": "1 times negative 1 is just negative 1.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00076-00023316-00023564": "And now I can just isolate b.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00077-00023564-00023837": "I can add 1 to both sides.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00078-00023837-00024237": "So I get 7 equals-- this is 0 plus b is just b.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00079-00024237-00024394": "So I found that value.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00080-00024394-00024850": "Now I have to reassess and say, OK, what information do I have?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00081-00024850-00025159": "Well, I now know the intercept.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00082-00025159-00025443": "When x is 0, y is 7.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00083-00025443-00025732": "And I know the slope is negative 1/3.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00084-00025732-00025985": "So I can put that back into the equation y", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00085-00025985-00026861": "equals negative 1/3x plus b, which is 7-- mx plus b form.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00086-00026861-00027182": "So now this is the equation of a line that", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00087-00027182-00027633": "passes through this point and has a slope of negative 1/3.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00088-00027633-00027994": "So if we just review, we plug in the information,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00089-00027994-00028144": "we solve for b.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00090-00028144-00028437": "Now we reassess the information of slope and b", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00091-00028437-00028669": "and put it into the equation to have", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00092-00028669-00029054": "the equation of a line in slope-intercept form.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00093-00029054-00029437": "Now, method two is using the point-slope equation", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00094-00029437-00029712": "that we discussed about a little while ago.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00095-00029712-00030523": "Well, the point-slope equation basically", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00096-00030523-00030807": "says, if we have one point, regardless of what", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00097-00030807-00031257": "that point is, and the slope, we can use this equation.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00098-00031257-00031502": "So what I'm going to do is I'm going to plug in my value.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00099-00031502-00031772": "My y1 from my point is 6, because it's", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00100-00031772-00032002": "the only point I have, the one point.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00101-00032002-00032312": "My m is negative 1/3.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00102-00032312-00032656": "And my x is 3.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00103-00032656-00033121": "And now all I have to do is simplify this equation.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00104-00033121-00033793": "So if I do that, negative 1/3 times x is negative 1/3x.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00105-00033793-00034231": "Negative 1/3 times a negative 3-- negative times a negative", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00106-00034231-00034328": "is positive.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00107-00034328-00034600": "1/3 times 3 is just 1.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00108-00034600-00034796": "So I get positive 1.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00109-00034796-00035332": "Now, to get y by itself, I just add 6 to both sides.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00110-00035332-00035723": "And if we do that, we get y equals-- because that goes", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00111-00035723-00036416": "away-- negative 1/3x, 1 and 6 is 7.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00112-00036416-00036957": "Now, hopefully, you noticed that this method was actually", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00113-00036957-00037299": "a better flowing method, as I like to look at it.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00114-00037299-00037699": "We took the equation, because we had a point and the slope--", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00115-00037699-00038035": "point-slope equation, we have a point and a slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00116-00038035-00038264": "So we just plug it in and simplify.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00117-00038264-00038628": "Our final answer, when we're done simplifying,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00118-00038628-00039039": "is exactly what we were looking for-- the equation", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00119-00039039-00039361": "of a line in slope-intercept.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00120-00039361-00039538": "So if we look at this one, we had", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00121-00039538-00039965": "to plug it in, solve for a value, then take that value", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00122-00039965-00040243": "and plug the slope and the intercept", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00123-00040243-00040472": "back into the original equation to get it.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00124-00040472-00040691": "Here, we plugged in the information", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00125-00040691-00041000": "given and simplified it to the answer.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00126-00041000-00041372": "So point-slope can be a very useful tool", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00127-00041372-00041701": "when we're given a point and the slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00128-00041701-00042096": "All right, we're going to define a few other terms that we're", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00129-00042096-00042312": "going to come across in this section.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00130-00042312-00042500": "And the first one is parallel lines.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00131-00042500-00042648": "And I have this little symbol here.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00132-00042648-00043028": "This symbol shows two lines that don't intersect.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00133-00043028-00043200": "And that symbol means the same thing", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00134-00043200-00043368": "as writing out parallel lines.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00135-00043368-00043612": "So it's a little shorthand notation.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00136-00043612-00043766": "Now, what is parallel lines?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00137-00043766-00044148": "Well, parallel lines actually have the same slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00138-00044148-00044273": "And that's what this tells me.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00139-00044273-00044758": "The slope of one line is the slope of the second line.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00140-00044758-00044952": "So the slopes are equal.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00141-00044952-00045269": "If they have the same slope, but different", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00142-00045269-00045553": "y-intercepts-- if we notice that-- they're", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00143-00045553-00045694": "two separate lines.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00144-00045694-00045817": "They're different lines.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00145-00045817-00046154": "But they'll never intersect, because their rate of increase", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00146-00046154-00046548": "or decrease is the same, the same slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00147-00046548-00046778": "So that is the definition of parallel lines.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00148-00046778-00046916": "Their slopes are the same.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00149-00046916-00047261": "So if you're ever told that one line is parallel to another,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00150-00047261-00047665": "if you know one slope, you actually know both of them.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00151-00047665-00047911": "The other example that we'll come across", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00152-00047911-00048083": "is perpendicular lines.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00153-00048083-00048369": "Now, perpendicular is a little bit more complex.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00154-00048369-00048615": "And this is the symbol for perpendicular.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00155-00048615-00049250": "What it means is two lines do intersect at 90-degree angles.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00156-00049250-00049506": "So I put this little box in here to indicate", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00157-00049506-00049777": "that that angle is 90 degrees.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00158-00049777-00050123": "They cross each other at 90 degrees.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00159-00050123-00050542": "So if we look at that, what does that mean in terms of slope?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00160-00050542-00050801": "Well, it means that the slope of one line", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00161-00050801-00051249": "is equal to the negative reciprocal of the other.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00162-00051249-00051650": "Now, what a reciprocal is, a negative reciprocal", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00163-00051650-00051904": "means that, if we multiply the two slopes together,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00164-00051904-00052266": "no matter what they are, if they are reciprocals,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00165-00052266-00052483": "negative reciprocal, we'll always", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00166-00052483-00052834": "get negative 1 if we multiply them together.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00167-00052834-00053046": "So what does that exactly mean?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00168-00053046-00053461": "Well, let's say we're told we have a line with a slope of,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00169-00053461-00053677": "let's say, 1/2.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00170-00053677-00054079": "Its perpendicular slope, a slope of another line that", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00171-00054079-00054474": "would be perpendicular to this, would be the negative--", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00172-00054474-00054744": "so I change the sign-- and reciprocal.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00173-00054744-00055023": "Well, what's the reciprocal of 1/2?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00174-00055023-00055297": "Well, if I flip it, I'd have 2/1,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00175-00055297-00055612": "which is just 2-- negative reciprocal.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00176-00055612-00055710": "One more example.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00177-00055710-00056165": "What if I had the slope is negative 3/2?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00178-00056165-00056672": "Well, if I'm looking for a slope that's perpendicular to this,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00179-00056672-00056882": "I would take the negative.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00180-00056882-00057119": "Well, the negative of a negative is positive.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00181-00057119-00057315": "Basically, just change the sign.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00182-00057315-00057797": "So my perpendicular slope will be positive, opposite side.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00183-00057797-00058204": "And then take its reciprocal, 2/3.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00184-00058204-00058699": "So negative 3/2 and 2/3 are negative reciprocals.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00185-00058699-00059217": "If I multiply negative 3/2 times 2/3, I will get negative 1.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00186-00059217-00059494": "A negative times a positive is negative.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00187-00059494-00059812": "The 3's would reduce, the 2's would reduce, to 1.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00188-00059812-00059986": "So I'd get negative 1.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00189-00059986-00060336": "All right, let's see how this applies.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00190-00060336-00060944": "We're going to combine both slope and perpendicular", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00191-00060944-00061062": "and parallel.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00192-00061062-00061207": "So if we look at this example, it", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00193-00061207-00061646": "says through the point 1, 2 and negative 2, negative 4.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00194-00061646-00061913": "We want to find each line that follows", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00195-00061913-00062144": "these different circumstances.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00196-00062144-00062350": "So here, well, I'm given two points.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00197-00062350-00062541": "What can I do with two points.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00198-00062541-00063247": "Well, I know I can find the slope", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00199-00063247-00063391": "by using the slope formula.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00200-00063391-00063653": "Two points, I can at least find the slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00201-00063653-00064386": "So I'm going to do change in y, which is 2 minus a negative 4.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00202-00064386-00064734": "So I'm going to use parentheses so I don't make a sign error.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00203-00064734-00065345": "And for my x, I have 1 minus a negative 2.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00204-00065345-00065619": "And if we look at this, two negatives make that positive.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00205-00065619-00065891": "So 2 plus 4 is 6.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00206-00065891-00066351": "And 1 minus a negative 2 would be 1 plus 2, which is 3.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00207-00066351-00066613": "And 6 divided by 3 is 2.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00208-00066613-00066787": "So it has a slope of 2.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00209-00066787-00066986": "Now what information do I need?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00210-00066986-00067193": "Well, let's think about what I have.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00211-00067193-00067531": "If I want to find the equation of a line, I have some point,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00212-00067531-00067773": "and I know the slope-- point, slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00213-00067773-00068088": "Oh, I can use the point-slope equation.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00214-00068088-00068576": "So y minus y1-- and I'm going to choose whatever point I fancy.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00215-00068576-00068777": "And I'm just going to choose this one.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00216-00068777-00069197": "y minus the y value equals the slope", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00217-00069197-00069508": "times x minus the x value.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00218-00069508-00069702": "If I choose a point, I have to put it", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00219-00069702-00069979": "in both locations, x and y.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00220-00069979-00070127": "And now I just need to simplify.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00221-00070127-00070706": "y minus 2 equals 2 times x, 2 times negative 1.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00222-00070706-00070963": "We've got to do that distribution.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00223-00070963-00071360": "And now I can add to both sides to get y by itself.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00224-00071360-00071554": "And when I do that, well, we just", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00225-00071554-00071972": "happen to get 0. y equals 2x.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00226-00071972-00072231": "This is an equation of a line that", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00227-00072231-00072390": "passes through both of those points.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00228-00072390-00072557": "And there's a way to check it.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00229-00072557-00072755": "Plug these points in.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00230-00072755-00073082": "If x is 1, is 2 times 1 equal to 2?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00231-00073082-00073145": "Yes, it is.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00232-00073145-00073287": "So that point works.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00233-00073287-00073450": "What about this point here?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00234-00073450-00073875": "If x is negative 2, 2 times negative 2, is that negative 4?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00235-00073875-00073944": "Yes, it is.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00236-00073944-00074115": "2 times negative 2 is negative 4.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00237-00074115-00074425": "So I know this line passes through both of those points.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00238-00074425-00074617": "So I checked my work.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00239-00074617-00075044": "The next one says I want to find a line that's", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00240-00075044-00075634": "perpendicular to y equals 6 through the point 3, 7.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00241-00075634-00076051": "Well, if we think about the information we're given,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00242-00076051-00076377": "this should a red flag right here-- y equals 6.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00243-00076377-00076539": "There's no x involved.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00244-00076539-00076973": "This is a horizontal line.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00245-00076973-00077298": "And if we want to find something perpendicular to it,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00246-00077298-00077550": "well, something perpendicular to it", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00247-00077550-00078042": "is going to be a vertical line, where, if we recall,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00248-00078042-00078457": "a vertical line is x equals some number.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00249-00078457-00078765": "And we'll use a. x equals a.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00250-00078765-00079039": "Well, we know it has to pass through this point.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00251-00079039-00079620": "And what this statement says is that it is never changing.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00252-00079620-00079789": "x equals a number.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00253-00079789-00080128": "Well, what point we have here tells me what that x value is.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00254-00080128-00080316": "x equals 3.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00255-00080316-00080909": "So x equals 3 is the equation of a line that", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00256-00080909-00081332": "is perpendicular to y equals 6, which is, again,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00257-00081332-00081460": "a horizontal line.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00258-00081460-00081720": "But it passes through the point 3, 7.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00259-00081720-00082002": "Now, if we want to delve further into this,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00260-00082002-00082324": "what is the slope of y equals 6?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00261-00082324-00082617": "Well, the slope of this is 0.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00262-00082617-00083057": "This would be my slope for the given equation, m1 equals 0.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00263-00083057-00083661": "Well, if I take the negative reciprocal of that slope,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00264-00083661-00083801": "I'm dividing by 0.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00265-00083801-00084059": "That is undefined.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00266-00084059-00084402": "The only type of line that has an undefined slope", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00267-00084402-00084728": "is x equals a number, which is a vertical line.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00268-00084728-00085104": "It's going up and down simultaneously.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00269-00085104-00085246": "All right, let's look at this one.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00270-00085246-00085721": "Here, we're asked to find a line that's parallel to the x-axis", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00271-00085721-00086037": "through the point 2, negative 5.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00272-00086037-00086265": "This one's very similar to this one.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00273-00086265-00086421": "Parallel to the x-axis.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00274-00086421-00086707": "Well, let me draw a little Cartesian coordinate graph.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00275-00086707-00086890": "This is the x-axis.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00276-00086890-00087273": "If it's parallel to it, it has the same slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00277-00087273-00087582": "The x-axis has a slope of 0.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00278-00087582-00087753": "So if something's parallel to it,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00279-00087753-00088078": "I'm looking for something that has a slope of 0.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00280-00088078-00088405": "Same slope is parallel.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00281-00088405-00088628": "But it has to pass through the point 2, 5.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00282-00088628-00088779": "Well, let's think for a moment.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00283-00088779-00089153": "I have a point, and I have the slope-- point-slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00284-00089153-00089544": "If we put this in the point-slope, y minus the y", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00285-00089544-00090125": "value, a negative 5 minus a negative makes it positive.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00286-00090125-00090642": "The slope times x minus the x value.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00287-00090642-00091013": "And if we simplify this, well, 0 times anything is 0.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00288-00091013-00091407": "So I get y plus 5 equals 0.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00289-00091407-00091682": "To get y by itself, I can subtract 5", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00290-00091682-00092076": "to get y equals negative 5.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00291-00092076-00092312": "Now, if we just assess and think about it some more,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00292-00092312-00092653": "the x-axis is a horizontal line.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00293-00092653-00093014": "y equals negative 5 is a horizontal line.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00294-00093014-00093472": "So essentially, it's a value down here.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00295-00093472-00093789": "That would be my equation, y equals negative 5,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00296-00093789-00093979": "below the x-axis.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00297-00093979-00094456": "And this equation is parallel to the x-axis.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00298-00094456-00094681": "And would it pass through this point, 2, negative 5?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00299-00094681-00094831": "One way to check your work is, well,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00300-00094831-00095137": "is the y value, negative 5, unchanging?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00301-00095137-00095257": "Yes, it is.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00302-00095257-00095534": "All right, I'm going to do one more example.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00303-00095534-00095761": "And then I'm going to leave this one for you to try.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00304-00095761-00096043": "But let's see how we apply this, how we actually", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00305-00096043-00096146": "work through it.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00306-00096146-00096431": "It says we want to find a line through the point 2,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00307-00096431-00096889": "negative 5, but perpendicular to this line,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00308-00096889-00097164": "y equals 1/3x minus 2.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00309-00097164-00097264": "So I have to assess.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00310-00097264-00097542": "Well, the first thing is perpendicular.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00311-00097542-00097876": "We know that they're going to cross at 90 degrees.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00312-00097876-00098125": "So I want the negative reciprocal.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00313-00098125-00098432": "Well, here is the slope of this line.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00314-00098432-00098667": "Something that's going to be perpendicular to it", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00315-00098667-00099065": "has to be of opposite sign and its reciprocal.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00316-00099065-00099328": "So that's a positive 1/3.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00317-00099328-00099597": "So the slope of the line that I want to find", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00318-00099597-00100025": "is going to be negative reciprocal.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00319-00100025-00100220": "Well, the reciprocal of 1/3 is 3.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00320-00100220-00100511": "So it has to be of opposite sign and its reciprocal.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00321-00100511-00100679": "So now I know the slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00322-00100679-00100827": "So what information can I use?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00323-00100827-00101145": "Well, if I know a point and I know the slope,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00324-00101145-00101341": "I can use point-slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00325-00101341-00101744": "y minus the y value, which is a negative 5.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00326-00101744-00101964": "Two negatives make a positive.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00327-00101964-00102200": "My slope is negative 3.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00328-00102200-00102548": "And it's x minus the x value.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00329-00102548-00102700": "And now I can just simplify.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00330-00102700-00102767": "I'll distribute.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00331-00103249-00103628": "A negative times a negative gives me that positive 6.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00332-00103628-00104052": "And now, to get y by itself, I can subtract 5.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00333-00104052-00104401": "And I get y equals negative 3x.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00334-00104401-00104789": "6 minus 5 is a positive 1.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00335-00104789-00105189": "The equation of the line is negative 3x plus 1.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00336-00105189-00105407": "Now, if we look at this-- let's check", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00337-00105407-00105935": "our work-- does the point 2, negative 5 pass through this--", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00338-00105935-00106144": "or does this pass through 2, negative 5.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00339-00106144-00106355": "And is it the negative reciprocal slope?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00340-00106355-00106580": "Well, negative 3, we already determined that.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00341-00106580-00107558": "And if I plug this value in, if x is 2, is that equal to my y", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00342-00107558-00107734": "value of negative 5?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00343-00107734-00107948": "Negative 3 times 2 is negative 6.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00344-00107948-00108226": "Negative 6 plus 1 is, in fact, negative 5.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00345-00108226-00108521": "So this is the equation of the line.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00346-00108521-00108628": "And I checked my work.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00347-00108628-00109108": "And I know that it's going to be perpendicular to the line I", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00348-00109108-00109204": "was given.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00349-00109204-00109371": "So try this one yourself.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00350-00109371-00109469": "It's very similar.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00351-00109469-00109898": "The only difference is find the line that's parallel.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00352-00109898-00110215": "All right, let's look at an application.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00353-00110215-00110720": "It says, in 1996, there were 135,000 malls or outlet stores", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00354-00110720-00110956": "or whatever in the US.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00355-00110956-00111434": "In 2001, there were 152,000.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00356-00111434-00111633": "If we think about what's given there,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00357-00111633-00111863": "it's kind of like an ordered pair.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00358-00111863-00112281": "But we want to find out some information about it.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00359-00112281-00112576": "The first thing says, write an equation describing", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00360-00112576-00112914": "this situation that resembles what's happening here.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00361-00112914-00113435": "Well, let's assume that 1996 is our reference point, year 0.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00362-00113435-00113965": "So I'm going to say 1996 equals 0 for my x value.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00363-00113965-00114238": "Well, what does that mean for 2001?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00364-00114238-00114592": "Well, how many years later is 2001?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00365-00114592-00115034": "Well, 2001 and 1996, the difference there", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00366-00115034-00115194": "is going to be 5.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00367-00115194-00115664": "So this value is 5 in consideration", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00368-00115664-00116016": "of the number of years since 1996.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00369-00116016-00116216": "We're also told that, in '96, there", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00370-00116216-00116528": "were 135,000 of these stores.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00371-00116528-00117339": "Well, if our input is 0, our x value, our output is 135.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00372-00117339-00117733": "But realize that this represents the years since 1996,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00373-00117733-00118054": "and this represents 135,000.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00374-00118054-00118267": "So it has units.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00375-00118267-00118678": "All right, and this information given, we're told in 2001,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00376-00118678-00119258": "which we're determining is five years since 1996.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00377-00119258-00119761": "And there were 152,000 stores.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00378-00119761-00120209": "Well, if we think about our interpretation here,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00379-00120209-00120515": "we can find the slope or the average rate of change", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00380-00120515-00120748": "from the number of stores in one year", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00381-00120748-00121163": "to the number of stores in the next year by finding the slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00382-00121163-00121756": "If I do that, I can say, OK, let's call this xy2", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00383-00121756-00122086": "and this xy1, point two and point one.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00384-00122086-00122829": "So my slope is going to be the change in y", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00385-00122829-00123400": "over the change in x, which is going to be 5 minus 0.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00386-00123400-00124183": "Now, if I simplify that, I get m equals 152 minus 135 is 17,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00387-00124183-00124460": "5 minus 0 is 5.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00388-00124460-00124819": "So I have 17/5 is my slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00389-00124819-00125018": "So write an equation describing this.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00390-00125018-00125268": "Well, let's think about what information I have.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00391-00125268-00125516": "I have the slope, and I have some points.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00392-00125516-00125707": "So I could use point-slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00393-00125707-00126082": "But I identify this point as a special point,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00394-00126082-00126533": "because one of my variables, the x in this case is 0.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00395-00126533-00126734": "This is one of my intercepts.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00396-00126734-00127091": "And the intercept when x is 0 is the y-intercept.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00397-00127091-00127383": "So I have the slope and the y-intercept.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00398-00127383-00127724": "Slope-intercept is the equation of a line I'm looking for.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00399-00127724-00127977": "So I can simply just rewrite it-- y", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00400-00127977-00128704": "equals the slope, 17/5, times x plus the intercept, which", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00401-00128704-00129028": "is 135.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00402-00129028-00129304": "We wrote an equation that describes", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00403-00129304-00129647": "the behavior of the number of malls per year.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00404-00129647-00130171": "Now, using the equation, predict the number of stores in 2009.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00405-00130171-00130383": "Well, let's think about this.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00406-00130383-00130725": "If we're saying 1996 is our reference, our year 0,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00407-00130725-00131227": "since that year, 2009 is how many years later?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00408-00131227-00131343": "Well, it's 13.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00409-00131343-00131873": "If we took 2009 minus 1996, we'd get 13.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00410-00131873-00132101": "So I'm just going to use the equation.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00411-00132375-00132923": "And my input is 13 years from 1996.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00412-00132923-00134007": "And if I multiply this out, I'm going to get 221/5 plus 135.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00413-00134007-00134680": "And if I simplify this, I'm going to get 5 goes into 221", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00414-00134680-00135509": "44 and 1/5, or 44.2, plus 135.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00415-00135509-00136058": "And if I add those two together, I'm going to get 179.2.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00416-00136058-00136543": "Can I have 0.2 malls or 0.2 of buildings?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00417-00136543-00136593": "No.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00418-00136593-00136741": "So I'm just going to round it down,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00419-00136741-00136899": "because 0.2 would round down.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00420-00136899-00137040": "And I'm going to say there's going", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00421-00137040-00137824": "to be 179,000 malls, because units are important when", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00422-00137824-00138047": "describing an application.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00423-00138047-00138217": "How does it actually apply?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00424-00138217-00138564": "So we got 179,000 malls.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00425-00138564-00138932": "Now, the last part asked me to interpret the slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00426-00138932-00139354": "And this is sometimes confusing, because sometimes the answer", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00427-00139354-00139968": "is so blatantly obvious we might overlook it,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00428-00139968-00140272": "kind of hiding under our nose, so to speak.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00429-00140272-00140389": "Interpret the slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00430-00140389-00140724": "Essentially, what this means is assess the unit.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00431-00140724-00141075": "Look at the slope, 17/5.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00432-00141075-00141359": "To interpret the slope, I just introduce the units.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00433-00141359-00141872": "Well, 17 represents the thousands of stores,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00434-00141872-00142156": "because that is my y value.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00435-00142156-00142386": "It's the change in y over the change in x.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00436-00142386-00142647": "Well, it's the change in the thousands of stores.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00437-00142969-00143167": "So I just introduced the unit.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00438-00143167-00143406": "5, well, that's my change in x.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00439-00143406-00143867": "Well, my change in x is years.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00440-00143867-00144006": "So what does this mean?", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00441-00144006-00144352": "To interpret the slope, I just have to look at the units.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00442-00144352-00144804": "There are 17,000 stores or malls or whatever", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00443-00144804-00145224": "we want to call them every five years-- 17,000", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00444-00145224-00145434": "stores every five years.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00445-00145434-00145621": "We just interpreted the slope.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00446-00145621-00145781": "Just basically write it out in words--", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00447-00145781-00146124": "17,000 stores per five years.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00448-00146124-00146338": "All right, so this have been 6.4,", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00449-00146338-00146608": "introduction to point-slope form.", "gVPKw2RpgW4-00450-00146608-00146915": "Keep practicing, and thank you for watching."}}]