[{"audio_id": "mn9YVlVW1pc", "text": {"mn9YVlVW1pc-00000-00000006-00000644": "I've been high since I was this big stupid"}}, {"audio_id": "mnuXJiSCf3E", "text": {"mnuXJiSCf3E-00000-00000921-00001352": "A journal’s impact factor is intended to convey the importance of a particular journal", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00001-00001352-00001557": "within a given field of study.", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00002-00001557-00001986": "The impact factor is based on the average number of citations each article in a journal", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00003-00001986-00002139": "has received.", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00004-00002139-00002597": "For example, the 2014 impact factor for a journal would be calculated by dividing the", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00005-00002597-00003191": "total number of times articles published in the journal in 2012 and 2013 had been cited", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00006-00003191-00003854": "during 2014 by the total number of articles published in the journal in 2012 and 2013.", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00007-00003854-00004507": "Therefore, an impact factor of 2.0 indicates that, on average, articles published in the", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00008-00004507-00004880": "journal in 2012 and 2013 were cited two times.", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00009-00004880-00005421": "The 5 Year Impact Factor is the same, except that it accounts for five years rather than", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00010-00005421-00005642": "just two.", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00011-00005642-00006239": "You can find journal impact factors (if available) in Cabell’s Directory of Publishing Opportunities.", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00012-00006239-00007031": "For instance, I could do a search for Academy of Management Journal.", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00013-00007031-00007531": "I see that the impact factor for this journal is 4.974.", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00014-00007531-00007995": "This means that articles from the previous two year were cited an average of almost 5", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00015-00007995-00008102": "times each.", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00016-00008102-00008560": "Cabell’s also contains information on the journal’s acceptance rate, review type,", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00017-00008560-00008679": "and more.", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00018-00008679-00008961": "Note that not all journals have an impact factor.", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00019-00008961-00009318": "There are alternatives you can check out, including Google Scholar’s h-index, the", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00020-00009318-00009627": "Eigenfactor, and the SCImago Journal Rank.", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00021-00009627-00010404": "Please be aware that these numbers alone do not give an accurate impression of a journal’s", "mnuXJiSCf3E-00022-00010404-00010789": "quality."}}, {"audio_id": "mnI2Fp_IhRu", "text": {"mnI2Fp_IhRu-00000-00000010-00000126": "WERE DONATED TO THE SALVATION", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00001-00000126-00000133": "WERE DONATED TO THE SALVATION", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00002-00000133-00000700": "WERE DONATED TO THE SALVATION ARMY FOOD SHELF.", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00003-00000700-00000707": "WERE DONATED TO THE SALVATION ARMY FOOD SHELF.", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00004-00000707-00001020": "WERE DONATED TO THE SALVATION ARMY FOOD SHELF. >> JOSH: THIS YEARS' DEER", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00005-00001020-00001027": "ARMY FOOD SHELF. >> JOSH: THIS YEARS' DEER", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00006-00001027-00001154": "ARMY FOOD SHELF. >> JOSH: THIS YEARS' DEER HUNTING SEASON PROVED TO BE A", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00007-00001154-00001161": ">> JOSH: THIS YEARS' DEER HUNTING SEASON PROVED TO BE A", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00008-00001161-00001317": ">> JOSH: THIS YEARS' DEER HUNTING SEASON PROVED TO BE A VERY SUCCESSFUL ONE FOR HUNTERS", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00009-00001317-00001324": "HUNTING SEASON PROVED TO BE A VERY SUCCESSFUL ONE FOR HUNTERS", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00010-00001324-00001388": "HUNTING SEASON PROVED TO BE A VERY SUCCESSFUL ONE FOR HUNTERS AROUND THE STATE.", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00011-00001388-00001394": "VERY SUCCESSFUL ONE FOR HUNTERS AROUND THE STATE.", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00012-00001394-00001618": "VERY SUCCESSFUL ONE FOR HUNTERS AROUND THE STATE. ACCORDING TO THE MINNESOTA", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00013-00001618-00001624": "AROUND THE STATE. ACCORDING TO THE MINNESOTA", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00014-00001624-00001705": "AROUND THE STATE. ACCORDING TO THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES,", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00015-00001705-00001711": "ACCORDING TO THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES,", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00016-00001711-00001955": "ACCORDING TO THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, MINNESOTA FIREARM HUNTERS", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00017-00001955-00001961": "DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, MINNESOTA FIREARM HUNTERS", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00018-00001961-00002145": "DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, MINNESOTA FIREARM HUNTERS REGISTERED 161,057 DEER THROUGH", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00019-00002145-00002152": "MINNESOTA FIREARM HUNTERS REGISTERED 161,057 DEER THROUGH", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00020-00002152-00002352": "MINNESOTA FIREARM HUNTERS REGISTERED 161,057 DEER THROUGH THE THIRD WEEKEND OF THE DEER", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00021-00002352-00002359": "REGISTERED 161,057 DEER THROUGH THE THIRD WEEKEND OF THE DEER", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00022-00002359-00002405": "REGISTERED 161,057 DEER THROUGH THE THIRD WEEKEND OF THE DEER EVEN.", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00023-00002405-00002412": "THE THIRD WEEKEND OF THE DEER EVEN.", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00024-00002412-00002622": "THE THIRD WEEKEND OF THE DEER EVEN. OF THE DEER HARVESTED, 53% WERE", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00025-00002622-00002629": "EVEN. OF THE DEER HARVESTED, 53% WERE", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00026-00002629-00002792": "EVEN. OF THE DEER HARVESTED, 53% WERE BUCKS COMPARED TO 63% DURING THE", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00027-00002792-00002799": "OF THE DEER HARVESTED, 53% WERE BUCKS COMPARED TO 63% DURING THE", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00028-00002799-00002979": "OF THE DEER HARVESTED, 53% WERE BUCKS COMPARED TO 63% DURING THE SAME TIME LAST YEAR.", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00029-00002979-00002986": "BUCKS COMPARED TO 63% DURING THE SAME TIME LAST YEAR.", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00030-00002986-00003089": "BUCKS COMPARED TO 63% DURING THE SAME TIME LAST YEAR. SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA WAS THE", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00031-00003089-00003096": "SAME TIME LAST YEAR. SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA WAS THE", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00032-00003096-00003219": "SAME TIME LAST YEAR. SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA WAS THE ONLY ZONE IN THE STATE THAT SAW", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00033-00003219-00003226": "SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA WAS THE ONLY ZONE IN THE STATE THAT SAW", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00034-00003226-00003426": "SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA WAS THE ONLY ZONE IN THE STATE THAT SAW A DECREASE IN DEER HARVEST.", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00035-00003426-00003433": "ONLY ZONE IN THE STATE THAT SAW A DECREASE IN DEER HARVEST.", "mnI2Fp_IhRu-00036-00003433-00003550": "ONLY ZONE IN THE STATE THAT SAW A DECREASE IN DEER HARVEST. OVERALL, THE MINNESOTA DNR"}}, {"audio_id": "mnRXbrBz3Du", "text": {"mnRXbrBz3Du-00000-00000000-00000420": "OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO!", "mnRXbrBz3Du-00001-00000450-00000702": "BORIS AND DORIS, HOW DARE YOU GROUND CAILLOU", "mnRXbrBz3Du-00002-00000702-00000925": "FOR STUPID REASONS! THAT'S IT!", "mnRXbrBz3Du-00003-00000975-00001097": "YOU ARE GROUNDED FOREVER!", "mnRXbrBz3Du-00004-00001120-00001365": "GO TO YOUR ROOMS SO YOU CAN BE UNGROUNDED!"}}, {"audio_id": "mnZDe9K1cLU", "text": {"mnZDe9K1cLU-00000-00000000-00000784": "我们现在要开始安息日的聚会", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00001-00000784-00001788": "请我们一起来默祷", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00002-00001788-00001955": "阿门", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00003-00001955-00002872": "奉主耶稣的圣名我们开始安息日的聚会", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00004-00002872-00003827": "我们来唱诗三百五十九首", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00005-00003827-00005151": "我们感谢主在创造天地的时候就把第七天分别为圣", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00006-00005151-00006052": "六日要劳碌做工这是我们的本分", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00007-00006052-00006960": "但是第七天要享受安息，这是我们的福分", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00008-00006960-00008245": "所以工作越辛苦，安息日就越宝贵", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00009-00008245-00009359": "因此神赐安息日给我们是一种恩典", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00010-00009359-00010423": "在休息当中让我们能够来亲近神从新得力", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00011-00010423-00011261": "所以以赛亚书说安息日我们要掉转脚步", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00012-00011261-00012402": "也就是从世属的脚步掉转回来，来追求神", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00013-00012402-00013233": "那在安息日以神为乐", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00014-00013233-00013810": "那这一天就是我们最享受的一天", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00015-00013810-00014778": "我们现在一起来祷告求主带领安息日的聚会", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00016-00014778-00015245": "我们一起祷告", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00017-00015245-00016770": "今天早上从圣经我们一起来思考属灵的不满足感", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00018-00016770-00017924": "我们大概每一个人都有经验过不满足感", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00019-00017924-00018992": "但是如果加上属灵，这个就值得我们再深入来思考", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00020-00018992-00019986": "那我们先来看提摩太前书", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00021-00019986-00020684": "提摩太前书第六章", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00022-00020684-00021661": "提摩太前书第六章的第六节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00023-00021661-00022752": "第六节告诉我们一个很重要的生活原则", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00024-00022752-00023400": "第一个要敬虔，第二个要知足", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00025-00023400-00024467": "这个两个加上，加起来对我们就有很大的益处", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00026-00024467-00025265": "有时候我们常常觉得为什么活的不快乐", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00027-00025265-00026009": "很可能是因为我们不知道知足", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00028-00026009-00026533": "那为什么我们不知道知足", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00029-00026533-00027310": "有可能是我们的欲望太多", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00030-00027310-00027847": "永远填不满", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00031-00027847-00028635": "有可能是我们一直跟别人在比较", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00032-00028635-00029909": "所以我们一直没有办法追得上跟别人相同的生活水平", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00033-00029909-00030957": "所以虽然我们已经拥有很多还是不快乐因为我们没有办法知足", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00034-00030957-00031921": "当圣经说我们要知足，那怎么样知足", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00035-00031921-00032629": "如果我们看第八节，提摩太前书六章八节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00036-00032629-00033717": "这里讲只要有衣有食，就要知足", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00037-00033717-00035375": "所以这里所谈到知足是在有的阶段，你有没有东西吃，有，有没有衣服穿，有，那就知足", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00038-00035375-00037020": "所以知足不是要拥有更多，知足是我们的标准往下降", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00039-00037020-00038658": "所以有时候我们到非洲去走一趟，我们回来生活就觉得很知足", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00040-00038658-00040173": "因为如果比较我们的生活水准跟他们来讲噢，实在我们是高太多了", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00041-00040173-00040640": "他们也是人，我们也是人", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00042-00040640-00041755": "那我们能够生活这么高的水准我们就充满的感谢", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00043-00041755-00043423": "所以有一个爸爸说，他的孩子去参加多米尼加义工大概有两三次", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00044-00043423-00044150": "他说他的孩子变成很成熟", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00045-00044150-00044708": "就因为这样他也很感谢神", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00046-00044708-00046760": "如果我们到多米尼加去有的信徒住在海边那个屋顶是用铝片制盖的也没有墙壁", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00047-00046760-00047901": "那这样一比较我们真的很容易知足", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00048-00047901-00049349": "那我们还没有盖新的会堂之前啊以前那个久的会堂屋顶会漏水", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00049-00049349-00050890": "啊，所以我们有的工人义工去了，外面下大雨，里面啊有小雨", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00050-00050890-00051524": "那当时是觉得很不方便", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00051-00051524-00052549": "那但是回来以后一想就发现说啊真的很感谢神", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00052-00052549-00053056": "我们的生活好太多了", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00053-00053056-00054074": "所以知足就是要把我们的要求往下降", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00054-00054074-00055445": "那如果我们回来看提摩太前书六章的第七节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00055-00055445-00056256": "请读", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00056-00056256-00057460": "这个地方讲我们没有带什么来也不能带什么去", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00057-00057460-00059466": "那因此如果我们的生活要求，这个标准很低其实我们一生所需要的并不是太多", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00058-00059466-00060960": "所以除了生活的需要之外，我们有一天啊什么也带不走", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00059-00060960-00061418": "那为什么圣经要这样讲", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00060-00061418-00061988": "我们如果进到第九届", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00061-00061988-00063770": "提摩太前书六章第九节，请读", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00062-00063770-00064464": "因为有的人想要发财", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00063-00064464-00065565": "那这个想要发财就会掉到网罗里面", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00064-00065565-00066219": "而且会走迷了路", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00065-00066219-00067667": "就是生活的方向，生活的方式，他的人生的价值会跟圣经不一样", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00066-00067667-00068658": "那从属灵上来讲就是败坏跟灭亡", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00067-00068658-00070270": "那因此如果敬虔加上知足我们就不会进到第九节这样的试探里面", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00068-00070270-00071601": "就是做我们的本分，神要给我们多就多，神给我们少一点也感谢神", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00069-00071601-00072302": "那如果是这样，那活着要做什么", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00070-00072302-00073827": "那因为有时候我们常常想在世界上要有一番作为就感觉到自己有价值", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00071-00073827-00074457": "就感觉到自己有成就感", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00072-00074457-00075799": "甚至觉得我们可以跟别人相比这样能够荣耀神", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00073-00075799-00076486": "但是圣经里面的教训不是这样", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00074-00076486-00077394": "那敬虔加上知足那接下去要做什么", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00075-00077394-00079112": "我们看十一节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00076-00079112-00080410": "我们刚刚提到我们没有带什么来也不能带什么去", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00077-00080410-00081094": "那个什么就是指着外在的，物质的", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00078-00081094-00082198": "所以那个外在的物质的不代表它是我的价值", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00079-00082198-00083213": "那到底我什么可以带着跟我一起走", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00080-00083213-00084084": "也就是做人真真的价值在哪里", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00081-00084084-00084517": "就是在十一节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00082-00084517-00085165": "那这个才是真的我们要追求的", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00083-00085165-00086326": "那这个才是真的我们要常常又不满足感", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00084-00086326-00086963": "就觉得我还没有到这个地步", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00085-00086963-00087420": "我还要再努力", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00086-00087420-00088835": "所以这一种属灵的不满足感会让我们产生一种追求的行动", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00087-00088835-00089666": "所以在十一节讲你们这个属神的人", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00088-00089666-00090070": "谁是属神的人", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00089-00090070-00091718": "在我们受洗的时候就是主耶稣的宝血把我们买来归谁神的名下", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00090-00091718-00092836": "所以属神人就是主耶稣宝血所洁净的人", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00091-00092836-00093580": "那他要逃避这些事", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00092-00093580-00094941": "这个这些事就是我们刚刚有提到的要逃避想要发财", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00093-00094941-00095705": "因为这个不代表人的价值", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00094-00095705-00096603": "那，要追求真真代表人价值的事情", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00095-00096603-00097213": "我们来回来看十一节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00096-00097213-00097640": "第一个就是公义", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00097-00097640-00098074": "神所要的是什么", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00098-00098074-00098511": "就是行公义", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00099-00098511-00098938": "那什么叫做公义", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00100-00098938-00100296": "申命记里面讲我们如果造着神的话来做，这个就是我们的公义", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00101-00100296-00100817": "所以什么叫做追求公义", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00102-00100817-00101578": "第一个就是了解神的标准是什么", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00103-00101578-00102429": "那第二个就是努力的去达到神的标准", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00104-00102429-00103073": "这个叫做追求公义", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00105-00103073-00103747": "也就是在神面前做义人", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00106-00103747-00105001": "那好像神对亚伯拉罕说你要在我面前做完全人", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00107-00105001-00106453": "也就是启示录讲穿白衣服来参加婚宴", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00108-00106453-00107470": "那这个公义就是将来天国的荣耀", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00109-00107470-00108201": "所以义人要发光像太阳", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00110-00108201-00108838": "那第二个要追求敬虔", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00111-00108838-00109135": "那什么是敬虔", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00112-00109135-00109713": "如果我们看雅各书第一章", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00113-00109713-00110286": "二十六，二十七节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00114-00110286-00111935": "请读，雅各第一章二十六节二十七节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00115-00111935-00113416": "二十七节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00116-00113416-00113930": "好我们回到二十六节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00117-00113930-00114811": "虔诚第一个表现就是勒住舌头", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00118-00114811-00115351": "所以勒住就是控制它", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00119-00115351-00116135": "让我们讲的话都能够造就人", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00120-00116135-00117006": "让我们讲的话充满着恩言", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00121-00117006-00117647": "这个需要很大的操练", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00122-00117647-00118138": "那我们再进到二十七节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00123-00118138-00118835": "敬虔他有两个特色", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00124-00118835-00119856": "这里讲清洁没有玷污最后一句，不沾染世俗", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00125-00119856-00121441": "我们活在世界但是让人感受不到我们有世界的味道，这个就是敬虔", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00126-00121441-00122876": "那没有世界的味道，那我们要有什么味道，要有基督的香气", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00127-00122876-00123786": "那，第三个就是看顾患难中的孤儿寡妇", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00128-00123786-00125165": "也就是充满怜悯的心来帮助一些弱势的人", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00129-00125165-00125879": "所以我们回来看提摩太前书六章", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00130-00125879-00126693": "我们要追求的，第一是公义，第二个是敬虔", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00131-00126693-00127086": "六章十一节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00132-00127086-00127520": "那第三个就是信心", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00133-00127520-00128405": "信心不只是在神迹奇事上", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00134-00128405-00129342": "看得见的是暂时的，看不见是永远的", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00135-00129342-00131017": "所以当我们的价值观把看不见的当做是永远的价值，这个就是信心", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00136-00131017-00132165": "那世界上人就是用眼见的来决定他的价值", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00137-00132165-00133460": "所以要从眼见进到灵界里面的价值观，这个是信心", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00138-00133460-00133850": "那接下去就是爱心", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00139-00133850-00134801": "爱心就是不追求自己的益处", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00140-00134801-00135548": "爱心就是不计算人的恶", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00141-00135548-00136359": "这个需要追求才能够有", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00142-00136359-00137030": "再来就是忍耐跟温柔", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00143-00137030-00137817": "所以保罗说我不是觉得我已经得着", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00144-00137817-00138675": "这个就是表示他有一种不满足感", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00145-00138675-00139152": "我乃是竭力追求", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00146-00139152-00140804": "因此在圣经的标准之下我们常常觉得我们还没有达到，有这一种感觉我们就会一直努力去追求", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00147-00140804-00141578": "那追求这一些以后，那下一步要做什么", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00148-00141578-00142175": "我们看六章的十二节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00149-00142175-00142692": "提摩太前书六章十二节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00150-00142692-00143676": "你要为真道打美好的仗，持定永生， 请读", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00151-00143676-00144574": "那这个十一节是一种属灵的装备", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00152-00144574-00145325": "那十二节就是要打美好的仗", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00153-00145325-00145845": "也可以说是传福音", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00154-00145845-00147223": "因此我们看这一段圣经从敬虔加上知足开始", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00155-00147223-00148151": "不要把贪财当作人生的目标", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00156-00148151-00149032": "然后要追求做属灵的人", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00157-00149032-00149682": "然后要为真道大美好的仗", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00158-00149682-00150894": "那如果我们这样一直去追求，我们整个生活就会有新的样式", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00159-00150894-00151761": "跟我们还没有追求以前这个模式是不一样的", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00160-00151761-00152912": "这个叫做罗马书十二章里面所说的，我们看十二章第二节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00161-00152912-00153450": "罗马书十二章第二节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00162-00153450-00154934": "请读", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00163-00154934-00156513": "这里啊，印文有两个字是很有趣的，一个是conformed，一个是transformed，一个是效法，一个是更新", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00164-00156513-00158668": "如果我们效法这个世界，虽然信耶稣，虽然受洗，虽然每个礼拜六到教会里面来别人看我们说你跟其他人没有不同啊", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00165-00158668-00159165": "那什么叫做更新", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00166-00159165-00159893": "更新就是没有被世界同化", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00167-00159893-00160440": "我们同样在公司上班", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00168-00160440-00161454": "但是我们这个人是经过更新过，跟别人是不一样的", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00169-00161454-00161928": "那这样神就可以得到荣耀", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00170-00161928-00163346": "那要达到这个程度就是要有一种属灵的不满足感", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00171-00163346-00164407": "当然那个出发点就是要敬虔加上知足", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00172-00164407-00166419": "那我们再从圣经里面来看一些人物，他们因为有一种不满足，属灵的不满足感，其实为神做了很多事情", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00173-00166419-00168685": "如果我们只强调敬虔加上知足，每一个人都很敬虔，每一个人都很知足，但是呢教会里面好像没有人在做什么", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00174-00168685-00170663": "我么能够为神做什么，为教会做什么是因为我们里面有一个不满足感，属灵的不满足感", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00175-00170663-00171271": "我们现在来看撒母耳记上十七章", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00176-00171271-00172802": "撒母耳记上十七章", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00177-00172802-00174073": "十七章，我们来看，二十六节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00178-00174073-00175919": "请读", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00179-00175919-00179068": "我们再往前退，撒母耳记上十七章，我们看第十节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00180-00179068-00180436": "这里在讲歌利亚向以色列人的军队骂阵", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00181-00180436-00181488": "以色列如果把他翻出来是神的王子", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00182-00181488-00183119": "你看，一个拜偶像的一个巨人歌利亚向神的王子挑战", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00183-00183119-00184581": "然后十一节讲，最后一句话这些以色列人的军队就极其害怕", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00184-00184581-00185515": "那大家都很怕，都躲起来，怎么办呢", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00185-00185515-00186412": "刚好出现一个年轻人叫做大卫", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00186-00186412-00188081": "大卫看了以后啊，他就没有办法满足以他所眼睛所看到的这一幅图画", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00187-00188081-00189576": "怎么神的王子这个军队被一个人所侮辱呢", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00188-00189576-00190220": "那如果我们看二十六节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00189-00190220-00191868": "请读", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00190-00191868-00193066": "所以这里大卫在讲怎么除掉以色列人的耻辱", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00191-00193066-00194174": "所以这个是什么人，怎么敢向永生神的军队骂阵呢", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00192-00194174-00195618": "所以大卫他不满足以他所看到的因此他想要为神做一些事情", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00193-00195618-00196109": "就是要来面对歌利亚", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00194-00196109-00196946": "我们先来来看十七章三十七节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00195-00196946-00198651": "请读", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00196-00198651-00200540": "这里啊，大卫就在讲神救我脱离狮子跟熊的瓜，神也要救我脱离菲利士人的手", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00197-00200540-00202886": "我们再看四十六节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00198-00202886-00203530": "所以这个年轻人的心里在想什么", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00199-00203530-00204434": "要让普天下人知道以色列中有神", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00200-00204434-00206159": "所以他出来面对歌利亚就是要让神的名能够彰显他的荣耀", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00201-00206159-00207183": "所以他说你靠来是靠刀剑我面对你是靠神", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00202-00207183-00208011": "结果他用一个石头把歌利亚打死", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00203-00208011-00208885": "今天神的名在我们教会得到荣耀吗", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00204-00208885-00209689": "每个人受洗过都是神的王子", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00205-00209689-00210423": "我们的教会挂有主耶稣的名", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00206-00210423-00211034": "住的名得的到荣耀吗", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00207-00211034-00211661": "我们满意于我们所看见的吗", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00208-00211661-00212452": "如果我们有一种属灵上的不满足感", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00209-00212452-00213993": "那我们就会用一些行动靠着神来让神的荣耀彰显出来", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00210-00213993-00214867": "那这样，这个教会就会兴盛", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00211-00214867-00216242": "所以如果我们缺乏这一种属灵的不满足感，这样很好啦，没有问题啦", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00212-00216242-00216873": "那这样我们的教会就不会进步", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00213-00216873-00217987": "那越多人有这一种心智，要让神的名得到荣耀", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00214-00217987-00218558": "那教会的荣耀是什么", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00215-00218558-00219279": "撒加利亚书说是神的同在", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00216-00219279-00219802": "所以我们就会努力去追求", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00217-00219802-00220363": "让神跟我们教会同在", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00218-00220363-00221257": "那神就会得到荣耀，教会也可以荣耀神", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00219-00221257-00222629": "所以属灵的不满足感对我们各人很重要对教会也很重要", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00220-00222629-00223503": "我们一生啊，最少要为神做一些事情", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00221-00223503-00224647": "至少在我们死以前啊，我们能够向神交账，神啊我为你做了这一些事", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00222-00224647-00225905": "那我们再看第二个大卫有哪一些不满足感", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00223-00225905-00226392": "我们看撒母耳记下第七章", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00224-00226392-00227353": "撒母耳记下第七章", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00225-00227353-00230937": "第七章的第一节到第三节，请读", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00226-00230937-00231411": "我们回到第二节", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00227-00231411-00232529": "这里讲，我住香柏木的宫中", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00228-00232529-00232775": "为什么", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00229-00232775-00233203": "因为神的祝福", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00230-00233203-00233820": "香柏树是最好的树木", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00231-00233820-00234717": "用最好的树木来建造自己的宫殿", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00232-00234717-00235885": "那大卫他可以在宫殿中感谢神一直活到他死为止", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00233-00235885-00237300": "但是当大卫看他看到神的约柜住在幔子里", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00234-00237300-00238254": "所以他的心啊，不能够满足于他眼睛所看到的", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00235-00238254-00239669": "我从神得到这么大的恩典，怎么神的约柜是在幔子里呢", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00236-00239669-00240810": "所以他就想要为神的殿，神的约柜来建造一个殿", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00237-00240810-00242275": "后来不能建殿了，他为建殿预备了很多的材料", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00238-00242275-00243343": "后来他的儿子所罗门建殿了", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00239-00243343-00244761": "然后荣光充满着，献殿的时候荣光充满着圣殿", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00240-00244761-00245822": "那今天让我们来想啊，这一件事情至少有两个意义", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00241-00245822-00247080": "第一个，这个殿物质的殿也可以讲我们这个物质的会堂", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00242-00247080-00248685": "在我们奉献这个会堂给神的时候这个圣殿，会堂就挂有主耶稣的名字", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00243-00248685-00250633": "会堂不一定要比我们住的好，但是至少我们的会堂不要比我们自己住的还差", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00244-00250633-00252986": "所以当我们看到教会的情况，如果我们产生不满足，我不能满意，我们就会很实际的行动来改进他", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00245-00252986-00254914": "所以哈该书里面讲，他们住在天花板的房子但是圣殿却荒毁了", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00246-00254914-00255318": "当然神不喜悦啊", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00247-00255318-00256512": "我们在八零年代，有一个刊物叫做活水", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00248-00256512-00258067": "那有一期，他的封面就是在台湾的山地照的", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00249-00258067-00259535": "在山上有很多茅草盖的房屋", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00250-00259535-00260116": "茅草，草盖的", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00251-00260116-00261217": "那中间有一个是砖所盖的建筑", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00252-00261217-00262145": "有一个屋顶是铝片所做的，是红色的", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00253-00262145-00262498": "那个就是会堂", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00254-00262498-00263977": "这个代表住在山上这一些信徒的心态", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00255-00263977-00264904": "他们要把神的殿盖的比自己住的更好", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00256-00264904-00265925": "所以这个不满足感，真的会让我们产生一种行动", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00257-00265925-00266656": "那第二个，就是这个殿其实是指的教会", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00258-00266656-00267403": "那教会就是受洗过的这一些信徒", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00259-00267403-00268338": "我们对我们教会的属灵情况满意吗", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00260-00268338-00268665": "如果不满意", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00261-00268665-00269716": "我们就会产生一种行动，我怎么来帮助教会进步", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00262-00269716-00270056": "教会就会成长", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00263-00270056-00270893": "所以从提摩太第六章", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00264-00270893-00271517": "从敬虔加上知足开始", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00265-00271517-00272345": "属灵人要追求灵性的成长", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00266-00272345-00272665": "再到大卫", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00267-00272665-00273179": "为着神的名的荣耀", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00268-00273179-00273880": "抱着生命的危险力战歌利亚", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00269-00273880-00274400": "为着建筑神的殿", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00270-00274400-00274824": "他预备了材料", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00271-00274824-00275682": "这样我们的人生会非常有价值", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00272-00275682-00275959": "非常有意义", "mnZDe9K1cLU-00273-00275959-00276159": "唱诗"}}, {"audio_id": "nomwciKdHek", "text": {"nomwciKdHek-00000-00000002-00000484": "I'm in Katy today the property is 2004 I ran in to some mechanical issues and", "nomwciKdHek-00001-00000486-00000877": "some roof issues let's go check it out", "nomwciKdHek-00002-00001157-00001602": "alright so I noticed as soon as I was walking up the ladder here I noticed", "nomwciKdHek-00003-00001602-00001971": "there was some caulking along the roofline and some nail holes in this", "nomwciKdHek-00004-00001971-00002418": "exact spot whenever I walked up the roof and typically that means that there is", "nomwciKdHek-00005-00002418-00002799": "some sort of roof leak or they're trying to patch something and you could tell", "nomwciKdHek-00006-00002799-00003218": "that this repair was not done by a certified roofer so let me head into the", "nomwciKdHek-00007-00003218-00003572": "attic area and show you what it looks like this is why I like being a small", "nomwciKdHek-00008-00003572-00003960": "home inspector it's actually kind of a really tight fit to get in this area but", "nomwciKdHek-00009-00003960-00004437": "I knew that the roof was probably leaking in this area and I just wanted", "nomwciKdHek-00010-00004437-00004839": "to show you from this angle so let's see if I can get a really good picture of it", "nomwciKdHek-00011-00004839-00005541": "you can see this has been happening for a while they have a pan put in place and", "nomwciKdHek-00012-00005541-00005955": "you can see that it's completely rotted through with a little bit of mold there", "nomwciKdHek-00013-00005955-00006398": "too as well all right for the next issue is actually with the water heater the", "nomwciKdHek-00014-00006398-00006848": "water heaters a little bit older it's a you know right at the 15-year mark and", "nomwciKdHek-00015-00006848-00007445": "with the really hard waters in Houston this normally can rot out the tank or", "nomwciKdHek-00016-00007445-00007818": "you'll start to get a lot of corrosion around the shut-off valves in the in the", "nomwciKdHek-00017-00007818-00008346": "interior in this case I noticed that the tank was rotted out in the front and as", "nomwciKdHek-00018-00008346-00008652": "soon as you see that you know you want to replace it because you have 40", "nomwciKdHek-00019-00008652-00009096": "gallons of water sitting in your attic space alright so for this next item I", "nomwciKdHek-00020-00009096-00009447": "already hid it in the last video but I want to show you a different scenario", "nomwciKdHek-00021-00009447-00009990": "this time the ductwork is laying on the attic space along the along the ground", "nomwciKdHek-00022-00009990-00010446": "and over the past 15 years it was probably raised up to begin with but now", "nomwciKdHek-00023-00010446-00010997": "it's laying on the ground it sag down and the same situation hot humid air", "nomwciKdHek-00024-00010997-00011367": "cold air running through the ductwork whenever it's laying on the ground like", "nomwciKdHek-00025-00011367-00011786": "that it will start to condensate and drip water on your ceiling and create", "nomwciKdHek-00026-00011786-00012132": "water stains I would say that's some pretty typical fines for a home", "nomwciKdHek-00027-00012132-00012549": "inspection on a property of 2004 you just really want to take a look at the", "nomwciKdHek-00028-00012549-00012978": "mechanical items because if a property is about 15 years old or 14", "nomwciKdHek-00029-00012978-00013374": "years old that's when the the mechanical equipment starts to go if it hasn't been", "nomwciKdHek-00030-00013374-00013749": "replaced yet so that's some really great finds with Chris with A-Action if you", "nomwciKdHek-00031-00013749-00014028": "have any home inspection questions please reach out give us a call and", "nomwciKdHek-00032-00014028-00014552": "please like and subscribe to the videos thanks guys bye"}}, {"audio_id": "noqupa0M4T8", "text": {"noqupa0M4T8-00000-00000090-00000732": "So let's see two important features of how to copy paste tables. Before that,", "noqupa0M4T8-00001-00000732-00001530": "to copy paste a table, just press Ctrl C Ctrl V and you'll have a normal copy of the table. But", "noqupa0M4T8-00002-00001530-00002196": "if you would want for example to transpose it - meaning you want C1 to C9 to be in the rows,", "noqupa0M4T8-00003-00002196-00003138": "and L1 to L16 to be as columns - you need to copy the table and when you want to paste it:", "noqupa0M4T8-00004-00003138-00003834": "right click, click on paste special, and then you tick transpose and then your table will be", "noqupa0M4T8-00005-00003834-00004638": "transposed and everything will be fine if we look at the cell L2 C3 it's 11 L2 C3 it's 11. Nothing's", "noqupa0M4T8-00006-00004638-00005274": "broken it's just transposed you can also do that by just pressing Ctrl C, Ctrl V and then", "noqupa0M4T8-00007-00005340-00006222": "using this to manually transpose it after copying it. You can also use a shortcut if you", "noqupa0M4T8-00008-00006222-00006858": "need - let's delete all of that - if you need to do this several times and you want to save time.", "noqupa0M4T8-00009-00006930-00007631": "Press the cell where you want to paste the table and you press Alt E E E Enter.", "noqupa0M4T8-00010-00007704-00008430": "So if you kind of know the shortcut and you want to be quick and then that's the fastest way.", "noqupa0M4T8-00011-00008550-00009282": "And second thing I wanted to show you let's see this example I've got a table and and the last in", "noqupa0M4T8-00012-00009282-00010128": "the last row I have a sum row and each of the cell is literally the sum of just the values above.", "noqupa0M4T8-00013-00010248-00010752": "Maybe you're only interested in the last in the last row and you want to paste", "noqupa0M4T8-00014-00010752-00011448": "this somewhere else so let's try to paste this here. What happens is by pasting it,", "noqupa0M4T8-00015-00011448-00012006": "we've also pasted the formula so we need to paste it without the formula. To do that, press this", "noqupa0M4T8-00016-00012006-00012426": "and you click on values meaning you are going to copy the values you're not going to be copying", "noqupa0M4T8-00017-00012426-00013169": "the formulas so you're going to be copying the results of uh the formulas. You can also do this", "noqupa0M4T8-00018-00013169-00013836": "by Ctrl C and then right click, paste special, and then you want to only copy the values.", "noqupa0M4T8-00019-00014034-00014891": "You can by the way combine those two if you want to copy you can paste special and you", "noqupa0M4T8-00020-00014891-00015528": "can click on transpose and other values meaning you want to transpose this row into a column and", "noqupa0M4T8-00021-00015528-00016182": "you only want to keep the values. So that would get this when you can Center it if you want to."}}, {"audio_id": "noNtmCgEUdg", "text": {"noNtmCgEUdg-00000-00000000-00000200": "Mac OS..."}}, {"audio_id": "n09wRPtTgj0", "text": {"n09wRPtTgj0-00000-00000050-00000316": "I think Mount Holyoke has made me the person I am today.", "n09wRPtTgj0-00001-00000316-00000672": "I am not as afraid as I used to be to speak up", "n09wRPtTgj0-00002-00000672-00000817": "and to let my voice be heard.", "n09wRPtTgj0-00003-00000817-00001140": "I think that is the biggest thing that I've", "n09wRPtTgj0-00004-00001140-00001272": "taken away from Mount Holyoke.", "n09wRPtTgj0-00005-00001272-00001647": "And to know that I am capable of navigating different spaces,", "n09wRPtTgj0-00006-00001647-00001896": "I can pursue things that I've never tried before,", "n09wRPtTgj0-00007-00001896-00002172": "because I've done it at Mount Holyoke and I've been fine.", "n09wRPtTgj0-00008-00002172-00002526": "And so that was something that was really important for me", "n09wRPtTgj0-00009-00002526-00002802": "in finding who I am and just realizing", "n09wRPtTgj0-00010-00002802-00003186": "that I have more to offer than just what's at the surface", "n09wRPtTgj0-00011-00003186-00003611": "or what I think I'm capable of, and that it's", "n09wRPtTgj0-00012-00003611-00003742": "OK to be bad at things.", "n09wRPtTgj0-00013-00003742-00003985": "It's OK to make mistakes.", "n09wRPtTgj0-00014-00003985-00004203": "I think having a space like Mount Holyoke where", "n09wRPtTgj0-00015-00004203-00004713": "you can learn and grow and just build off of your community", "n09wRPtTgj0-00016-00004713-00005042": "is really my biggest takeaway."}}, {"audio_id": "n0mN0VbbLBu", "text": {"n0mN0VbbLBu-00000-00000838-00001374": "we are here for you when you want to be miles away from ordinary but the", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00001-00001374-00001818": "pandemic harshes your mellow and changing your latitude is easier said", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00002-00001818-00002675": "than done here at corona the current problem with the covid 19 virus", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00003-00002675-00003397": "also known as corona virus has caused serious damage to our reputation", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00004-00004986-00005484": "we want to assure you that while our beer is perfectly safe as always we have", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00005-00005484-00005913": "done everything we can to go the extra mile and see to it that our patrons are", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00006-00005913-00010898": "virus-free so you can continue to relax responsibly", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00007-00011704-00012239": "that is why we've teamed up with the antivirus company McPhee in a joint", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00008-00012239-00012701": "effort to ensure your safety and  build your confidence on our brand and", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00009-00012701-00013259": "also be sure to stay tuned till the end for a pro tip for power drinkers", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00010-00013259-00013844": "our patented double filter system ensures our safety the special antivirus disk", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00011-00013844-00014416": "has a built-in filter place the special n56 filter funnel into the opening and", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00012-00014416-00014930": "pour your beer through it before drinking be sure not to use imitations", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00013-00014930-00015763": "only McPhee uses n56 double filtration huh N56 looks like n95 upside down", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00014-00015763-00016208": "never made the connection here's the pro tip we promised you for our power", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00015-00016208-00016694": "drinkers out there place the disc and filter mask into the freezer 30 minutes", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00016-00016694-00017369": "prior to use and you can also turn that corona into a cold filtered beverage be", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00017-00017369-00017741": "on the look out for our upcoming press conference with the Cova 19 task force", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00018-00017741-00018212": "where we release another new exciting product from your friends at Corona and", "n0mN0VbbLBu-00019-00018212-00018745": "McPhee remember to relax responsibly"}}, {"audio_id": "n0siIFL0P_8", "text": {"n0siIFL0P_8-00004-00001220-00001284": "Dewa Game"}}, {"audio_id": "n0azEshBVME", "text": {"n0azEshBVME-00000-00000016-00000110": "Hi,", "n0azEshBVME-00001-00000110-00000705": "This video was prepared using the Lightning interface on the salesforce.com demo account.", "n0azEshBVME-00002-00000705-00001116": "Depending on the license types your company uses, customizations made,", "n0azEshBVME-00003-00001116-00001816": "and whether the interface you use is Lightning  or Salesforce Classic, the screenshots may differ.", "n0azEshBVME-00004-00001816-00002116": "The subject of this video is password reset.", "n0azEshBVME-00005-00002164-00002700": "Select the ¨Setup¨ by clicking the settings icon in the upper right corner.", "n0azEshBVME-00006-00002896-00003421": "In the search box, type users and select, users.", "n0azEshBVME-00007-00003604-00003986": "Check the checkboxes near the users whose password you want to reset", "n0azEshBVME-00008-00003986-00004208": "and click the “Reset passwords” button.", "n0azEshBVME-00009-00004208-00004501": "Mark the warning as “OK”", "n0azEshBVME-00010-00004501-00004700": "Thanks for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "n1g646tFO_c", "text": {"n1g646tFO_c-00000-00000536-00000752": "One of the other things that we've been doing is trying to get um", "n1g646tFO_c-00001-00000816-00001256": "you're trying to get feedback constantly so at the end of every action group meeting doing um", "n1g646tFO_c-00002-00001256-00001792": "live mentee polls to sort of see what has and hasn't worked in that specific meeting um and", "n1g646tFO_c-00003-00001792-00002312": "then we can see from those like what what kind of like if we're using um jamboard or if we're using", "n1g646tFO_c-00004-00002312-00002760": "breakout rooms what's what's worked what hasn't in terms of actually facilitating them but then we've", "n1g646tFO_c-00005-00002760-00003552": "also been doing a um another piece of feedback using jamboard um which we've kind of used as like", "n1g646tFO_c-00006-00003552-00004184": "an action group journey so that the participants can all um reflect on their experience overall", "n1g646tFO_c-00007-00004184-00004736": "of being part of the action group and kind of um we've done like a timeline type thing as well so", "n1g646tFO_c-00008-00004736-00005312": "they can look back on the different meetings and and yeah kind of reflect on their experience and", "n1g646tFO_c-00009-00005312-00005936": "how that's changed and what they're excited about in the projects and what they've learned so far", "n1g646tFO_c-00010-00006048-00006880": "and maybe what they want to see happen differently as well so they've been really useful insights"}}, {"audio_id": "n1tbyhlktw4", "text": {"n1tbyhlktw4-00000-00000000-00016770": "🌟 🇺🇸 Animatorsky costume Doll LOL Bon Bon — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "n1wkC2O_r8I", "text": {"n1wkC2O_r8I-00000-00002424-00003008": "I've had my shop here for over twenty years.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00001-00003008-00003220": "And I did contract work for Camillus.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00002-00003220-00003500": "And when I had big projects my Dad would come work for me.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00003-00003500-00003654": "My brothers would come work for me.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00004-00003654-00003844": "My son would work for me.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00005-00003844-00004389": "I think I had only been in management a couple years and they came to me and wanted me to", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00006-00004389-00004819": "do the 115th anniversary knife with stag handle.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00007-00004819-00004978": "So, that was a project I did.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00008-00004978-00005540": "I built a thousand of those 115th anniversary knives at home with the help of my Dad, my", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00009-00005540-00005785": "brothers, and my kids.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00010-00005785-00006243": "And then I also after that I took on some other projects.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00011-00006243-00006526": "Pearl Damascus knives that we were doing for Remington.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00012-00006526-00006626": "And the same thing.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00013-00006626-00006953": "Camillus supplied all the metal parts and the pearl.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00014-00006953-00007367": "And I would fit all the pearl to the handles, assemble the knives, finish the knives and", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00015-00007367-00007581": "then send them back to the cutlery.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00016-00007581-00007898": "Alright, so the first thing we're going to do is thin this down to the thickness I feel", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00017-00007898-00008208": "will work for this particular blade.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00018-00009870-00010484": "Six holes.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00019-00010712-00011024": "This is going to be the front of the handle.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00020-00011434-00011830": "And the reason I have to do this is because I'm going to shape this down.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00021-00011830-00012270": "I'm going to kind of cut this back so I'm close and shape this down.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00022-00012270-00012558": "Lay this piece on here.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00023-00012558-00013140": "And we're going to drill this piece to match this piece.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00024-00013379-00014060": "One major thing that I did do for Camillus was - we used to buy our delrin handles from", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00025-00014061-00014571": "a company in Meriden, Connecticut called American Plastics.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00026-00014571-00014980": "Dean Wallace comes to me, calls me up in the office and says, \"We're sending you out to", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00027-00014980-00015118": "Meriden, Connecticut for four days.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00028-00015118-00015447": "You're going to learn how to do our handle molds.\"", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00029-00015447-00015582": "I go, ok!", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00030-00015582-00016058": "Well, I didn't know what it involved until I got out there and I worked with this guy for four", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00031-00016058-00016592": "days and he showed me everything you could show me in four days and from that point on", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00032-00016592-00016965": "I decorated every handle mold that Camillus made.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00033-00016965-00017364": "That included all the yellow jackets because that's when we were coming out with the yellow-", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00034-00017364-00017512": "So, they were smooth.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00035-00017512-00017622": "They weren't so bad.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00036-00017622-00017820": "But I also did stag.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00037-00017820-00017930": "I had to do saw-score.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00038-00017930-00018124": "I had to do jig patterns.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00039-00018124-00018320": "It just, it was a lot.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00040-00018321-00018635": "It was a lot for me to take on.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00041-00018635-00019382": "But, after a while I started getting fairly decent at it and it wasn't so nerve-racking", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00042-00019382-00019820": "when they would come and say, \"Oh, we got to make new handle molds for this pattern", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00043-00019820-00020042": "or that pattern.\"", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00044-00020042-00020598": "So, that was probably the hardest thing I ended up having to do.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00045-00020598-00020974": "That's going to be the very front of the handle.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00046-00020974-00021136": "Ok.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00047-00021136-00021670": "We're going to throw a buff on it with a buffing wheel.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00048-00023388-00023692": "It's ready to put on the blade.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00049-00023692-00024176": "You know, a lot of testing has to be done on all your knife parts to make sure they're", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00050-00024176-00024276": "going to function right.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00051-00024276-00024515": "If your springs are too hard, you're going to have broken springs.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00052-00024515-00024813": "If your blades are too soft they're not going to hold an edge.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00053-00024813-00025215": "So, whenever anything is heat-treated, certain parts of the batch have to be tested on a", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00054-00025215-00025365": "Rockwell Tester.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00055-00025365-00025832": "And this machine works with a diamond tip and it works under hydraulics.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00056-00025832-00026513": "And you crank this up to a spot here on the gauge and then you trip the lever and it actually", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00057-00026513-00027093": "drives this diamond into the steel to a certain point as far as it will go.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00058-00027093-00027500": "And that's how it reads how hard the steel is.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00059-00027904-00028364": "It's good th at the pins fit nice and snug.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00060-00028364-00028704": "You don't want to put oversize holes.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00061-00029232-00029504": "Nice tight fit all the way around.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00062-00032848-00033280": "Because of the shape I'm going to have to put a smaller contact wheel on to get in here.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00063-00033280-00033528": "And then we also got to clean that up a little with a small wheel.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00064-00033528-00033928": "But, the first thing I'm going to do is take this down to a finer belt so we have a nice", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00065-00033928-00034100": "fine finish all the way around with this wheel.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00066-00034640-00034996": "You know a dozen knives at one time normally with something like this.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00067-00034996-00035316": "That way I could do all these operations at once.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00068-00035316-00035516": "I wouldn't be changing things all the time.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00069-00035516-00035812": "Get all of one set of operations done.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00070-00035812-00035884": "Then another set.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00071-00035884-00036260": "So, that way you can do a lot more knives in a shorter period of time.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00072-00036492-00036708": "The thing is with a custom piece though", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00073-00036708-00037116": "- in a factory environment, you can get away with just like getting down", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00074-00037116-00037612": "to a 120-grit, but in a custom situation you want to get down to a much finer grit.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00075-00037612-00037900": "Makes a nice smoother finish.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00076-00037900-00038344": "People that collect knives look for that.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00077-00038344-00038700": "If you're selling to collectors, you have to do a little better job than what they do", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00078-00038700-00038832": "in the factory.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00079-00040968-00041400": "Do you see that burr come up on the edge of the blade while I'm going across the belt.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00080-00041400-00041864": "That's what you want to see because you want to know you actually cut through the blade", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00081-00041864-00042010": "to the other side.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00082-00042010-00042228": "And that actually leaves a little burr.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00083-00042228-00042900": "And that burr you strop off on the stropping machine and that's what gives you your razor edge.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00084-00043848-00044208": "And that is sharp enough to", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00085-00044208-00044540": "shave the hair on my arm.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00086-00044540-00044860": "I also would make a sheath for this.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00087-00044860-00045178": "The customer that ordered it wanted a handmade leather sheath.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00088-00045178-00045556": "So, I still have to make a handmade leather sheath for it, but", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00089-00045556-00045920": "basically this knife is finished.", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00090-00046196-00046696": "You know, I've been in the knife business now for - oh, I worked there for thirty-four", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00091-00046696-00047140": "years and you know five years have gone by since and I'm still in the knife business", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00092-00047140-00047666": "so, you're talking about almost forty years of my life actually manufacturing or working", "n1wkC2O_r8I-00093-00047666-00047872": "with knives."}}, {"audio_id": "n1FU88z3b7o", "text": {"n1FU88z3b7o-00000-00000056-00000648": "If you are not absolutely devoted to what you're doing, you will never do anything", "n1FU88z3b7o-00001-00000648-00001136": "significant in your life, that's for 100% I'm telling you. You may earn a living,", "n1FU88z3b7o-00002-00001224-00001768": "but you will not do anything significant, if you're not totally, totally devoted to something.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00003-00002264-00002984": "That's a good design.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00004-00003176-00003615": "So about making choices, probably you're talking about professional", "n1FU88z3b7o-00005-00003615-00003888": "and other kinds of choices, right? Is that what you mean?", "n1FU88z3b7o-00006-00004224-00004640": "See, there are different ways to look at this.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00007-00004784-00005400": "Today unfortunately, I was... they were asking me, uh, till now, whatever this number of universities", "n1FU88z3b7o-00008-00005400-00005976": "you covered, did you get the kind of questions that you want? I didn't want any kind of questions", "n1FU88z3b7o-00009-00005976-00006740": "in particular, but I wanted every kind of question that's possible. But what I'm seeing is -", "n1FU88z3b7o-00010-00006944-00007584": "very few questions have come asking with concern for the larger world; for the humanity;", "n1FU88z3b7o-00011-00007584-00008120": "for the life on this planet; for the nation; for things like that. Very few have come, very small", "n1FU88z3b7o-00012-00008120-00008760": "percentage. Rest are all about personal stuff. I'm not saying it's not important, but I'm surprised", "n1FU88z3b7o-00013-00008760-00009552": "that young people are not thinking of larger situations in the nation and in the world. Having", "n1FU88z3b7o-00014-00009552-00010120": "said that. See, there are two ways to approach your life. Either I want to do what I want to do.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00015-00010392-00010848": "But you must understand what you want to do is just a thought that you generated and it's not", "n1FU88z3b7o-00016-00010848-00011424": "even yours, it's something that you pick up from around you. Well there may be certain aptitude.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00017-00011616-00011960": "Well, people who are asking me, you know, some news channel is asking me -", "n1FU88z3b7o-00018-00011960-00012504": "\"Sadhguru, why don't you? Are you standing for election this time? 2019, are you standing for election?\" I said -", "n1FU88z3b7o-00019-00012504-00013047": "\"I have no such intention.\" Okay, next election at least, are you standing?\" I said no. But why?", "n1FU88z3b7o-00020-00013191-00013776": "I said that's not my competence. I don't think I'll make a good politician. If I thought, maybe I would", "n1FU88z3b7o-00021-00013776-00014591": "have thought about it. So, one is aptitude. Do you have a certain aptitude towards a certain action?", "n1FU88z3b7o-00022-00014591-00015176": "So, are you thinking in that direction, or a whole lot of people today are deciding what to do,", "n1FU88z3b7o-00023-00015176-00015736": "depending upon what they will get out of it? What will I get? Will I get this kind", "n1FU88z3b7o-00024-00015736-00016184": "of lifestyle? Will I get this kind of salary? Will I make this kind of money and lifestyle?", "n1FU88z3b7o-00025-00016184-00016688": "This is what they're thinking of. This is a wrong way to approach because you will have everything", "n1FU88z3b7o-00026-00016688-00017312": "and you will have nothing in the end with life. The important thing is this. See if you make", "n1FU88z3b7o-00027-00017312-00017960": "yourself... first of all you must do this, - you must not be driven by your anxieties, your frustrations,", "n1FU88z3b7o-00028-00017960-00018592": "your concerns. You must take... when... when this question becomes a serious question in your life,", "n1FU88z3b7o-00029-00018712-00019312": "you must take off at least three to ten days let's say, depending upon who you are. Some people may", "n1FU88z3b7o-00030-00019312-00019856": "need three days, somebody... somebody may need more time, let's say maximum three to 10 days range.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00031-00020024-00020624": "And not to be influenced by your peers, so switch off the phone, not to be influenced by your", "n1FU88z3b7o-00032-00020624-00021344": "professors, not to be influenced by your parents or the social pressures. Spend some time with yourself", "n1FU88z3b7o-00033-00021344-00021872": "and see. I'm asking you a simple question: \"Are you a precious life?\" Your life is it precious to you?", "n1FU88z3b7o-00034-00021960-00022616": "Hello? If it's precious to you, what are you going to invest this precious life into,", "n1FU88z3b7o-00035-00022720-00023224": "is something that must concern you, isn't it? You must not do something because he's doing it.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00036-00023280-00023920": "You must not do something because he's not doing it. This is not the way to decide things. You're", "n1FU88z3b7o-00037-00023920-00024552": "investing your life. If this life is precious, you must see what is it that really matters to you", "n1FU88z3b7o-00038-00024552-00024864": "and you must do that. It doesn't matter - it pays, it doesn't pay.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00039-00024864-00025560": "But believe me, if your heart is not in something really, you will not do your best, yes or no?", "n1FU88z3b7o-00040-00025744-00026024": "If you don't do your best, how will great things happen to you?", "n1FU88z3b7o-00041-00026183-00027176": "See, whether it is art, music, design, business, sport, spirituality, politics, - it doesn't matter what it is.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00042-00027448-00028048": "If you are not absolutely devoted to what you're doing, you will never do anything", "n1FU88z3b7o-00043-00028048-00028527": "significant in your life. That's for 100% I'm telling you. You may earn a living,", "n1FU88z3b7o-00044-00028616-00029168": "but you will not do anything significant, if you are not totally, totally devoted to something.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00045-00029280-00029888": "See, right now there are many examples, because they gave him a Bharat Ratna, I'm choosing him.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00046-00030008-00030592": "Let's say Sachin Tendulkar. This man knows nothing, except hitting a ball.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00047-00030800-00031295": "He gets so devoted to hitting a ball, hitting a ball, hitting a ball, hitting a ball,", "n1FU88z3b7o-00048-00031295-00032144": "and he heats it like nobody. Now he's Bharat Ratna. Yes or no. It is just devotion.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00049-00032144-00032656": "You must talk to him and see privately. He... he's like you talk about the ball he will...", "n1FU88z3b7o-00050-00032872-00033512": "He's so devoted to it. Okay? It's his... it's his religion, it's his sacred stuff, it is everything to", "n1FU88z3b7o-00051-00033512-00034280": "him - hitting that ball. His entire life he invests in one simple act - hitting a ball. Is it a big thing?", "n1FU88z3b7o-00052-00034416-00035096": "But hitting a ball, because of enormous devotion, just see what happens! Tremendous things happen,", "n1FU88z3b7o-00053-00035096-00035840": "isn't it? So, the question is not about what you want to do. The question is just this.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00054-00036000-00036608": "Can you be devoted to this? Let's say you think in terms of today: \"If I invest my life, next 25", "n1FU88z3b7o-00055-00036608-00037256": "years can I be devoted to what I'm doing right now? Will this matter to me? Will I feel fulfilled", "n1FU88z3b7o-00056-00037256-00037848": "if I look back, and see what I've done?\" Something. You do whatever the hell you want. Just do it well,", "n1FU88z3b7o-00057-00037848-00038384": "that's important. And don't do any damn thing, that you will be ashamed of doing tomorrow, isn't it?", "n1FU88z3b7o-00058-00038448-00038896": "What other people say it doesn't matter. But you should not be ashamed of what you have done,", "n1FU88z3b7o-00059-00038896-00039520": "isn't it so? Hello? This much you must keep, this much pride and freedom you must keep in your", "n1FU88z3b7o-00060-00039520-00040048": "life. It doesn't matter the whole world says you're wrong. But you are not ashamed of what", "n1FU88z3b7o-00061-00040048-00040512": "you have done. That much you must always keep in your life. If that one thing, if you give up -", "n1FU88z3b7o-00062-00040584-00041016": "I'm telling you, you live a very poor life. You may have everything, but you'll have nothing.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00063-00042088-00042138": "I'm sorry?", "n1FU88z3b7o-00064-00042576-00043144": "That is the next aspect. The question is will you do what you want to do, or will you do what", "n1FU88z3b7o-00065-00043144-00043752": "is needed most, right now in the world. If you... if you are joyful by your own nature,", "n1FU88z3b7o-00066-00043816-00044336": "what I want to do is not important, what is needed right now, you will do that with absolute devotion.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00067-00044472-00045048": "So, if you can be devoted to anything that you do, what does it matter? What does it", "n1FU88z3b7o-00068-00045048-00045664": "matter? You will do what is most needed, isn't it? You must do what's most needed, actually.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00069-00045664-00046216": "I think somewhere else, I said: \"See, if you're a fool, you will do something that you don't like to do.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00070-00046328-00046992": "If you're an intelligent person, you will do what you love. But if you really want to be", "n1FU88z3b7o-00071-00046992-00047784": "a genius in your life, you will do whatever is needed with absolute joy and involvement.\"", "n1FU88z3b7o-00072-00047864-00049184": "It's no more about me, because you can do anything with total involvement. So, what's the problem.", "n1FU88z3b7o-00073-00050072-00050122": "Thank You"}}, {"audio_id": "n1SAZ7bdWnM", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "n2gGi5Hf7f0", "text": {"n2gGi5Hf7f0-00000-00001100-00001800": "Deepika Padukone never fails to amaze her fans when it comes to fashion", "n2gGi5Hf7f0-00001-00001900-00002600": "Deepika Padukone, image credit Instagram.", "n2gGi5Hf7f0-00002-00002700-00003400": "Deepika Padukone never fails to amaze her fans when it comes to fashion.", "n2gGi5Hf7f0-00003-00003500-00004200": "The leggy lass is known for pulling off out-of-the-box ensembles like a boss.", "n2gGi5Hf7f0-00004-00004300-00006600": "The actor chose to keep it simple this time as shared a photo of herself at London Airport on Instagram and captioned it as, ' #London.'  m PDT She kept the look simple with a pair of skin tight black leather jeans paired with a t- shirt and ankle-length booties of the same color.", "n2gGi5Hf7f0-00005-00006700-00007800": "The 32-year-old finished off the impressive yet simple look with centre parted hair and a pair of oversized round sunglasses.", "n2gGi5Hf7f0-00006-00007900-00008600": "The 'Tamasha' actor looked to be in a happy mood as she turned around to pose for the camera.", "n2gGi5Hf7f0-00007-00008700-00009900": "Deepika boasts of 25 million plus followers on the photo sharing application Instagram, just a little less than Priyanka Chopra.", "n2gGi5Hf7f0-00008-00010000-00011100": "On the work front, Deepika was last seen in Padmaavat and will be next seen doing a cameo in Shah Rukh Khan starrer 'Zero'."}}, {"audio_id": "n2QEpRryzJI", "text": {"n2QEpRryzJI-00000-00000110-00000222": "GOKUUUUUUUUU", "n2QEpRryzJI-00001-00000222-00000360": "the strongest of all", "n2QEpRryzJI-00002-00000372-00000628": "REP REP REP OF GOKU", "n2QEpRryzJI-00003-00000658-00000794": "GOOOOO", "n2QEpRryzJI-00004-00000930-00001226": "I am goku, I have yellow hair", "n2QEpRryzJI-00005-00001244-00001440": "The vegita is a....", "n2QEpRryzJI-00006-00001702-00001846": "is aaaa...", "n2QEpRryzJI-00007-00001968-00002018": "UGLY", "n2QEpRryzJI-00008-00002212-00002460": "I already finished with him one day", "n2QEpRryzJI-00009-00002496-00002736": "and now I'm going to finish again", "n2QEpRryzJI-00010-00002762-00003120": "I am very UGLY because I become super saiadis", "n2QEpRryzJI-00011-00003142-00003460": "I'm stronger in the dragonball series", "n2QEpRryzJI-00012-00003758-00004065": "now the Vegeta should take a lot of ....", "n2QEpRryzJI-00013-00004088-00004290": "take a lot of punch", "n2QEpRryzJI-00014-00004290-00004452": "because he is very ugly", "n2QEpRryzJI-00015-00004534-00004750": "and now he's crying for being dhsaioudb", "n2QEpRryzJI-00016-00004848-00004948": "U", "n2QEpRryzJI-00017-00005132-00005514": "the picolo has been filling the sack of vegeta", "n2QEpRryzJI-00018-00005582-00005676": "vegeta", "n2QEpRryzJI-00019-00005744-00006142": "So I'm coming in and punching him in the face.", "n2QEpRryzJI-00020-00006164-00006430": "but he teleports behind me. ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)", "n2QEpRryzJI-00021-00006454-00006642": "so you know what I'm transforming into", "n2QEpRryzJI-00022-00006642-00006842": "I turn super saia jeans >:)", "n2QEpRryzJI-00023-00006842-00007042": "(EXPLOSION.MP3)"}}, {"audio_id": "n3muvOtdDP8", "text": {"n3muvOtdDP8-00000-00000033-00000193": "Sonic : Alright, if I see an another ad", "n3muvOtdDP8-00001-00000226-00000333": "I'm going to shoot it.", "n3muvOtdDP8-00002-00000340-00000476": "*Sonic it's reloading*", "n3muvOtdDP8-00003-00000576-00000799": "I swear to God, I will shoot my fu-", "n3muvOtdDP8-00004-00000803-00000953": "I will shoot the fucking screen", "n3muvOtdDP8-00005-00000979-00001153": "I will shoot the screen", "n3muvOtdDP8-00006-00001159-00001249": "RIGHT FUCKING. NOW!!!"}}, {"audio_id": "n3us6Hh6zZI", "text": {"n3us6Hh6zZI-00000-00000064-00000306": "Friction is an application of equilibrium.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00001-00000306-00000722": "And even within friction, there are other applications that we're talking about.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00002-00000722-00000976": "One of the next ones we want to look at very briefly", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00003-00000976-00001347": "(and this is as an example) is axle friction.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00004-00001347-00001688": "So if you have any kind of wheel going along,", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00005-00001688-00002202": "how hard do you have to push on it to make it keep, either start or keep going?", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00006-00002202-00002604": "I have my little Batman here to help.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00007-00002626-00003168": "Any wheel like this will have an axle. So I'll have resistance from that axle:", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00008-00003168-00003700": "that's the moment that it takes to keep turning or the moment from that axle friction.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00009-00003700-00004101": "W is the weight of our Batman. P is what I'm looking for.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00010-00004101-00004380": "How hard do I have to [push to] keep this going?", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00011-00004380-00004636": "There has to be a reaction at the ground.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00012-00004636-00004860": "It used to be touching. Now it's not touching anymore.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00013-00004860-00005283": "If I'm looking at this wheel, what's happening at this wheel?", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00014-00005283-00005589": "The reaction at the ground has to have an x and a y component", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00015-00005589-00006069": "because I have x and y forces applied to my wheel.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00016-00006069-00006533": "So if I look at equilibrium -- remember, everything is equilibrium.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00017-00006534-00006908": "P is R sin(theta). W is R cos(theta).", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00018-00006909-00007261": "And if I sum the moments, whatever resistance I'll have from that axle", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00019-00007261-00007672": "is actually going to be P times the radius of the wheel.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00020-00007672-00007931": "If I take one of these and divide by the other one,", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00021-00007931-00008246": "you can see that in fact P over W is tan theta.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00022-00008246-00008800": "That's what I'm going to take to go forward from here.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00023-00008800-00009236": "Recall from bearing friction, there's this idea of a friction circle.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00024-00009236-00009664": "The friction circle was the radius of the axis times the sine of the inverse of mu.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00025-00009664-00010215": "And I have mu_s if I want to start it moving or mu_k if I want to keep it going.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00026-00010242-00010688": "And I have P over W is tan theta. That comes from our main equations of equilibrium.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00027-00010688-00011104": "Now, what does the free-body diagram look like with the friction circle on it?", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00028-00011138-00011670": "I have the W, radius of the wheel, the M for the axle friction.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00029-00011670-00012010": "I have P as my force to keep or start it going.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00030-00012010-00012402": "This is my R acting at an angle theta.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00031-00012402-00012881": "If you sum the moments actually here at O,", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00032-00012881-00013334": "you can see that whatever this M is all I'm going to have then is W --", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00033-00013334-00013519": "W and P will cancel out.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00034-00013519-00013768": "I'll only have R acting at a distance.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00035-00013768-00013951": "What is the distance that R acts [at]?", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00036-00013951-00014459": "R acts at the same rf of that same friction circle.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00037-00014459-00014813": "And R is still tangent to that friction circle.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00038-00014813-00015062": "Your perpendicular distance is rf.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00039-00015062-00015493": "Now in this picture what is rf equal to?", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00040-00015493-00016031": "Here's my new triangle where I have rf: that's the radius for friction circle.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00041-00016031-00016648": "rw is the radius of my wheel, and alternate interior angles: this is theta.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00042-00016648-00016928": "That's the angle R is making with the ground.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00043-00016928-00017558": "So rf is rw sin(theta) where sin(theta) is rf over rw.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00044-00017558-00017806": "That comes from the geometry of my problem.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00045-00017806-00018379": "So I have the friction that comes from the bearing or the axle,", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00046-00018379-00018754": "I have a relationship that comes from equilibrium,", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00047-00018754-00019087": "and I have a relationship that comes from the geometry.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00048-00019087-00019415": "I can combine those three equations to find out what P is.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00049-00019415-00019764": "Nobody's actually going to remember this part.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00050-00019764-00020126": "That is a ridiculous equation to actually try to remember.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00051-00020126-00020492": "But each of these is fair game.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00052-00020492-00020814": "You need to understand how the friction circle is defined.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00053-00020814-00021278": "You need to know that R is tangent to it, and then here is your triangle from geometry.", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00054-00021278-00021581": "And obviously this one comes from the equations of equilibrium,", "n3us6Hh6zZI-00055-00021581-00021768": "which is the most important thing that we're doing right now."}}, {"audio_id": "n3_f0QGU09E", "text": {"n3_f0QGU09E-00000-00001100-00001800": "BREAKING: Sean Spicer Resigns.", "n3_f0QGU09E-00001-00001900-00003900": "White House press Secretary Sean Spicer has resigned, just six months after holding the job, according to White House sources. Spicer made his decision after President Donald Trump appointed long-time loyalist Anthony Scaramucci as White House communications director.", "n3_f0QGU09E-00002-00004000-00005100": "Trump made his decision to hire Scaramucci last night, confirming his decision on Friday morning despite protests from some in the administration.", "n3_f0QGU09E-00003-00005200-00007100": "Spicer, a career political spokesperson, was deeply opposed to the idea and resigned in protest to Trump’s decision. After White House communications director Mike Dubke resigned in May, Spicer tried to position himself as the replacement.", "n3_f0QGU09E-00004-00007200-00007900": "That effort failed, as Trump decided to select a Trump loyalist as a successor.", "n3_f0QGU09E-00005-00008000-00009300": "White House reporters were asked to clear the hallways of the press area while Spicer met with press staff in his office following the decision. Laughing and clapping was heard coming out of the room.", "n3_f0QGU09E-00006-00009400-00011400": "Trump’s decision marks a big shakeup in the communications office that has struggled to effectively combat the media. Spicer’s six-month career was beset by controversy, as he struggled to battle the mainstream media onslaught of hostility against the young Trump administration.", "n3_f0QGU09E-00007-00011500-00012800": "Saturday Night Live mocked Spicer’s efforts by featuring actress Melissa McCarthy as a parody of the press secretary who frequently lost his cool while answering questions from journalists.", "n3_f0QGU09E-00008-00012900-00014900": "Trump was loyal to Spicer despite misgivings about his performance, but closely scrutinized his work. Spicer’s daily briefings became popular entertainment for television and online audiences, prompting the White House to move them off-camera, despite protests from the media."}}, {"audio_id": "n3V-VwasYqY", "text": {"n3V-VwasYqY-00000-00000124-00000500": "tall innocent boyish face", "n3V-VwasYqY-00001-00000554-00000842": "Deep eyes, charming voice.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00002-00000938-00001126": "as if from a cartoon", "n3V-VwasYqY-00003-00001138-00001405": "Let's learn about actor Song kang.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00004-00001761-00001961": "Songkang is his real name.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00005-00001968-00002376": "Born on April 23, 1994, he is 26 years old now.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00006-00002419-00003048": "He is 186 cm tall, weighs 68 kg, and his blood type is B.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00007-00003095-00003678": "His grandfather named him Song kang-geun.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00008-00003721-00004063": "But his father objected and named him Songkang.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00009-00004106-00004878": "Songkang is the same age as Dal Shabet's Soobin, Apink's Son Na-eun, Miss A Suzy, and FX Crystal.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00010-00004927-00005225": "Song Joong-ki is a similar actor to Song Kang.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00011-00005249-00005492": "Songkang is very similar to Song Joong Ki in wolf boyhood.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00012-00005516-00005716": "He is similar to Yeo Jin-gu and Yook Sung-jae.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00013-00005778-00006049": "Songkang looks like a cute baby face,", "n3V-VwasYqY-00014-00006115-00006534": "shoulder width 55 cm wide with broad shoulders", "n3V-VwasYqY-00015-00006542-00006973": "It's the same shoulder size as Ji Chang-wook in the previous video.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00016-00007034-00007458": "He is muscular and works out at the gym and rides a bike when he has time.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00017-00007500-00007879": "When a stylist brings him clothes, it often doesn't fit.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00018-00007901-00008244": "Even the agency told me to reduce shoulder muscles.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00019-00008271-00008908": "He posted a picture on Instagram and his body caught the attention of the fans.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00020-00008948-00009391": "Song kang's grandfather was a ssireum wrestler, and his father was a gymnast.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00021-00009437-00010000": "Song kang's grandfather was a ssireum wrestler, and his father was a gymnast.  He inherited a genetically good body and broad shoulders.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00022-00010014-00010492": "Fans expressed their gratitude to Song kang's parents for their good genes.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00023-00010526-00011220": "Songkang was an ordinary student when he was in school and was loved by his parents a lot by his parents.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00024-00011253-00011699": "Even when he graduated from high school, he never wanted to do anything.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00025-00011720-00012296": "He was interested in some areas, but he didn't carry them out thinking about them.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00026-00012335-00013076": "Most of his friends went to college, He didn't go, and he wasted about a year.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00027-00013115-00013963": "When Song kang was 21, he watched the movie Titanic, watched Leonardo DiCaprio, and thought that he wanted to be an actor.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00028-00013977-00014731": "Song Gang went to an academy to become an actor and went to Konkuk University when he was 23.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00029-00014769-00015633": "Before his debut, he was cast on the street a lot and asked to be an idol at the audition.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00030-00015672-00016000": "He refused because he wanted to be an actor.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00031-00016020-00016987": "He entered Namu Actors through an audition, but spent a year idly.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00032-00017008-00017657": "Song Gang realized that without his efforts, he could not do it, and he tried to find an audition.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00033-00017672-00018120": "After trying hard, she made her debut with the 2017 tvN drama \"She Loves Lies So Much.\"", "n3V-VwasYqY-00034-00018128-00019106": "In \"She Loves Lies So Much,\" Song Kang got a good response from viewers for her role as guitarist Baek Jin-woo.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00035-00019131-00020494": "In the same year, he played the role of Kim Woo-joo, a big but introverted man, and made his first appearance on the terrestrial network.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00036-00020555-00021194": "In 2018, the web drama of 'oksusuTV', She has been cast as the male lead in 'Beautiful Vampire.'", "n3V-VwasYqY-00037-00021227-00022321": "It's about a vampire makeup artist who lived 500 years and a 20-year-old boy. It's a romantic comedy drama about love that transcends the age gap of 480 years.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00038-00022330-00023000": "It was invited to the Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival and the Hawaii Korean Film Festival, which received a lot of popularity from fans.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00039-00023013-00024171": "In 2019, Song Gang will appear in the TVN drama \"When the Devil Call Your Name,\" I play Luca, a musical genius who can play all kinds of musical instruments.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00040-00024197-00024977": "Songgang broke through the 900-1 competition, Netflix original drama, He was cast as the main character, Hwang Sun-oh, in \"Love Alarm.\"", "n3V-VwasYqY-00041-00025026-00025867": "In the drama, Hwang Seon-oh is a son of a rich family, a model, He is a straightforward man who is honest with his feelings and has a pure charm.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00042-00025901-00026602": "With perfect synchronization with Songgang, Beyond Korea, it's loved by viewers all over the world, and it creates an explosive fandom.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00043-00026648-00027356": "With Songgang's explosive popularity, Instagram followers have skyrocketed. We have over 400 followers now.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00044-00027413-00028371": "Songgang lost 10kg for the drama. He worked out for three weeks, eating only chicken breasts, to prepare for the scene where he took off his top at the airport.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00045-00028399-00029199": "Songgang does aerobic exercise at the gym and rides a lot of bicycles on his day off.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00046-00029241-00029813": "He likes to watch movies, play games, and play the piano when he is at home.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00047-00029825-00030394": "He's a bit shy, but once he gets close, he's also very playful.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00048-00030407-00030938": "Songgang likes calm music and is a big fan of the indie band Acoustic Collabo.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00049-00030956-00031309": "Songgang likes cloudy weather and looks out the window when it rains.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00050-00031337-00031947": "He likes winter because he has a lot of body heat, and his favorite food is meat, especially beef.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00051-00031982-00032768": "He likes casual clothes that can be worn comfortably like sweatshirts and jeans, and he likes dogs but can't raise them because of allergies.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00052-00032803-00033296": "He is a SBS entertainment program, regularly appearing in \"Michuri,\" and also showing off his sense of entertainment.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00053-00033330-00033754": "He, he brings the Crayon Shin-chan doll, embarrasses the cast,", "n3V-VwasYqY-00054-00033778-00034346": "He is afraid of Son Dam-bi, but he also embarrasses her with his sloppy way of talking when he plays games.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00055-00034379-00034805": "On YouTube, a video called Songgang Collection has a high number of views.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00056-00034830-00035614": "In 2020, he played the main character Cha Hyun-soo in Netflix's original drama Sweet Home, leaving a strong impression on viewers.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00057-00035647-00036281": "Sweethome is a horror-creature genre that depicts a worldview in which shapes change to different monsters according to people's desires.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00058-00036298-00037124": "Cha Hyun-soo was a reclusive loner who decided to commit suicide, and later a character who became the only hope and threat of Green Home residents.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00059-00037150-00038138": "The masterpiece, which cost about 30 billion won in total production costs, became a hot topic similar to that of Kingdom, and was directed by producer Lee Eung-bok, who is in charge of the Descendants of the Sun and Dokkaebi.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00060-00038179-00039109": "Since its release on Netflix in December 2020, it has won first place in 11 countries and made it to the top 10 in 50 countries.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00061-00039144-00039583": "Song Gang was recommended by director Lee Na-jung and was cast after auditioning.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00062-00039616-00040095": "It has been revealed that season 2 is scheduled for 2021.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00063-00040120-00040559": "In 2021, \"Love Alarm\" Season 2 will be aired.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00064-00040603-00041191": "In the TVN drama 'Navillera,' she will star as a ballerino Lee Chae-rok.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00065-00041222-00041866": "Actor Han So-hee will appear in the original webtoon drama to be aired on JTBC.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00066-00041933-00042523": "Song Gang, who has three consecutive works on Netflix alone, is nicknamed the son of Netflix.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00067-00042559-00043336": "Song Gang's role models are Joo Ji-hoon and Kim Jae-wook, and foreign actors are Tom Hardy and Leonardo DiCaprio.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00068-00043360-00043909": "The actor that Song Gang wanted to see before his debut is Kang Dong Won, and the female actor is Lee Yeon Hee.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00069-00043966-00044582": "Song Gang said he has received dashes from girl groups and actresses about five times.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00070-00044607-00045371": "Songgang is said to be the result of INTP, which is a logical, speculative type, every time you do an MBTI test.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00071-00045414-00046000": "The INTP type, which is only 3 percent of the population, is the same type of Einstein.", "n3V-VwasYqY-00072-00046098-00046773": "His ideal type is a woman who can talk well, accepts his jokes well, and has a warm atmosphere.\"", "n3V-VwasYqY-00073-00046795-00047241": "Thanks for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "n3WuFpfJABc", "text": {"n3WuFpfJABc-00000-00003090-00003278": "It's been a long time.. How have you been?", "n3WuFpfJABc-00001-00004024-00004324": "I'm doing okay.. I guess", "n3WuFpfJABc-00002-00004768-00004954": "You came in my dream today", "n3WuFpfJABc-00003-00005358-00005518": "and reminded me of old times", "n3WuFpfJABc-00004-00006184-00006426": "You started dating right after we broke up", "n3WuFpfJABc-00005-00006700-00007042": "which I found out soon and there were many things that I didn't know about you", "n3WuFpfJABc-00006-00007264-00007480": "and every new information I learn about you", "n3WuFpfJABc-00007-00007730-00007958": "made me sick and I couldn't eat", "n3WuFpfJABc-00008-00008510-00008750": "You know what the worst part is?", "n3WuFpfJABc-00009-00009188-00009464": "I couldn't hate you", "n3WuFpfJABc-00010-00010052-00010386": "I kept thinking there must be a reason", "n3WuFpfJABc-00011-00010514-00010790": "that you left me for that girl you are dating", "n3WuFpfJABc-00012-00010928-00011084": "I wanted to understand you", "n3WuFpfJABc-00013-00011438-00011656": "I wanted to understand", "n3WuFpfJABc-00014-00011772-00011918": "and forgive you", "n3WuFpfJABc-00015-00011974-00012130": "so that I can be free", "n3WuFpfJABc-00016-00012716-00013058": "I'm living a new life these days", "n3WuFpfJABc-00017-00013319-00013541": "doing things that I want", "n3WuFpfJABc-00018-00013572-00013774": "and only focus on myself", "n3WuFpfJABc-00019-00013919-00014160": "which helped me gain back my self-esteem alot", "n3WuFpfJABc-00020-00014482-00014586": "finally..", "n3WuFpfJABc-00021-00014894-00015234": "finally I am able to love myself", "n3WuFpfJABc-00022-00015910-00016122": "maybe it's all because of you", "n3WuFpfJABc-00023-00016341-00016580": "thanks to you I faced my worst phase", "n3WuFpfJABc-00024-00016796-00016996": "and through that period", "n3WuFpfJABc-00025-00017252-00017464": "I became stronger", "n3WuFpfJABc-00026-00018056-00018344": "I really want to thank you", "n3WuFpfJABc-00027-00018810-00019106": "there won't be time to thank you in the future", "n3WuFpfJABc-00028-00019278-00019448": "and we really shouldn't face each other", "n3WuFpfJABc-00029-00019502-00019736": "which will ruin my memory of us together", "n3WuFpfJABc-00030-00020234-00020342": "if by any chance", "n3WuFpfJABc-00031-00020624-00020860": "you feel guilty for breaking up with me like that", "n3WuFpfJABc-00032-00021250-00021392": "please don't", "n3WuFpfJABc-00033-00021656-00021964": "and pay me back by being happy", "n3WuFpfJABc-00034-00022526-00022646": "I really hope", "n3WuFpfJABc-00035-00022836-00022992": "all the best for you and your happiness", "n3WuFpfJABc-00036-00023780-00023908": "if in the future", "n3WuFpfJABc-00037-00024316-00024528": "I run into a memory of us together", "n3WuFpfJABc-00038-00024912-00025048": "I'm going to have to let them go", "n3WuFpfJABc-00039-00025328-00025642": "each and every time", "n3WuFpfJABc-00040-00026568-00026768": "I will keep them as a precious memory", "n3WuFpfJABc-00041-00027000-00027270": "that helped me grow up", "n3WuFpfJABc-00042-00027548-00027698": "thank you for everything..", "n3WuFpfJABc-00043-00028122-00028222": "thank you..", "n3WuFpfJABc-00044-00028756-00028856": "Good bye", "n3WuFpfJABc-00045-00035534-00035944": "<What do you think people fall in love?> Um as I acted out", "n3WuFpfJABc-00046-00036044-00036204": "I believe the most important person in your life is you", "n3WuFpfJABc-00047-00036256-00036552": "and need to love yourselves", "n3WuFpfJABc-00048-00036568-00036858": "which will make us do what we want", "n3WuFpfJABc-00049-00036858-00037126": "as the way we want", "n3WuFpfJABc-00050-00037172-00037348": "which leads us back to fall in love and be hurt", "n3WuFpfJABc-00051-00037354-00037654": "and get back up again", "n3WuFpfJABc-00052-00037842-00038070": "<How do you get over after a break up?> a way to get over a break up? lol", "n3WuFpfJABc-00053-00038258-00038378": "have I got over that last one?", "n3WuFpfJABc-00054-00038488-00038744": "I really don't know", "n3WuFpfJABc-00055-00038872-00039148": "I think I said it all as I was acting", "n3WuFpfJABc-00056-00039148-00039376": "I do what I want", "n3WuFpfJABc-00057-00039576-00039830": "take a break for a bit or get busy", "n3WuFpfJABc-00058-00039918-00040084": "everyone has their own ways", "n3WuFpfJABc-00059-00040136-00040480": "and my way I guess is", "n3WuFpfJABc-00060-00040808-00041040": "I get out of the ordinary and read books", "n3WuFpfJABc-00061-00041040-00041228": "paint some pictures", "n3WuFpfJABc-00062-00041242-00041508": "and try to meet alot of people", "n3WuFpfJABc-00063-00041520-00041716": "and gain some energy from them", "n3WuFpfJABc-00064-00041768-00042230": "talking to people helps me heal", "n3WuFpfJABc-00065-00042326-00042616": "and get over a break up", "n3WuFpfJABc-00066-00042852-00043324": "<Thank you that'll be it for today> Thank you! bye", "n3WuFpfJABc-00067-00043330-00043754": "subscribe and like please!"}}, {"audio_id": "n4jpOqghwOy", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "n4mzTuvfjJk", "text": {"n4mzTuvfjJk-00000-00000194-00000677": "So as you know I am running for United States Senate, running against Claire", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00001-00000677-00001128": "McCaskill and whoever the Republicans will send. We're presuming Josh Hawley,", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00002-00001128-00001632": "but who knows? We don't know what's gonna happen there. But it was, this has been a", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00003-00001632-00001896": "crazy year and it started out that we were wondering,", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00004-00001896-00002315": "speaking of Josh Hawley, you also have Austin Peterson, we were wondering what's Austin", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00005-00002315-00002993": "going to do this year? And so I know that Ben Brixey, Steve Leck, Chris Burros, they", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00006-00002993-00003678": "all were talking to me and kind of my, what do you call it, a committee for figuring out", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00007-00003678-00004128": "if you're going to do it, whatever the technical  name is for that, and so we were talking", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00008-00004128-00004410": "about that and they were encouraging me, and I was a little on the fence about it, and they just", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00009-00004410-00004803": "kept pushing and pushing,  and I finally decided this is the right", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00010-00004803-00005241": "thing to do, run for United States Senate.  So that is what we're doing. So here are", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00011-00005241-00005971": "some stats that I just saw this month in a poll from the Public Policy Polling of", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00012-00005971-00006642": "37% Democrats, 34% Republicans, 29% independents. Pretty much the poll was", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00013-00006642-00007098": "asking between Claire McCaskill  and Josh Hawley. That was the", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00014-00007098-00007413": "only options that they received in this poll. So it's pretty much a two-party", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00015-00007413-00007998": "race, two-person race. And in the poll, only 28% of voters in", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00016-00007998-00008463": "the state say that they want a Senator  who's loyal to Donald Trump and wants to", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00017-00008463-00008961": "promote his agenda. Only 28% want someone, and in this case would be Josh", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00018-00008961-00009480": "Hawley, only 28% want somebody that's going to be like him. And then", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00019-00009480-00010059": "they said 64% said they would prefer  someone who's an independent. They", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00020-00010059-00010350": "actually used the word independent.  They didn't say Claire McCaskill or a", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00021-00010350-00010731": "Democrat or anything like that. They said independent and someone who", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00022-00010731-00011298": "would put Missouri first. And was with 8% not sure. And then at another question on", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00023-00011298-00011946": "that poll, only 44% of voters had a favorable opinion of Claire McCaskill.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00024-00011946-00012783": "Only 44%. And 44% unfavorable and 12% not sure. So I took the number", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00025-00012783-00013391": "of 64% who said they don't want someone that's with Trump and subtracted", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00026-00013391-00013819": "the 44% that said they like McCaskill  and came up with", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00027-00013819-00014347": "20% that are still looking for an independent or someone else to run for", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00028-00014347-00015103": "Senate. And then you take the 8% to 12% that said they're not sure, you've got 28% to 32%", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00029-00015103-00015784": "potential voters. 28% matches the 28% that want Donald Trump. So I mean there", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00030-00015784-00016312": "is an opportunity I think right now, just like we saw in 2016, everybody's upset", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00031-00016312-00016660": "about the two-party system, same thing is going in Missouri right now in the", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00032-00016660-00017054": "Senate, especially because Trump. He's really helping with that. So thank you", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00033-00017054-00017393": "Donald Trump for making this situation for me", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00034-00017393-00017860": "of a potential opportunity for something to happen. So I think we have an", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00035-00017860-00018575": "opportunity right now to do something for libertarian, for the liberty", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00036-00018575-00019237": "movement, and like that. So I just want to talk about my \"why.\" Why I am running for", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00037-00019237-00019823": "United States Senate. And the Jackson County folk, they've already experienced part of", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00038-00019823-00020422": "this talk and this slideshow. But why am I running for Senate? Is it just", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00039-00020422-00020944": "because of those numbers, or because I just want to get up there and be all", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00040-00020944-00021329": "cool and get in the Senate and be able to say, \"I'm a Senator\"?", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00041-00021329-00021979": "Why am I running for Senate? I think the most important thing about your \"why\" is your", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00042-00021979-00022412": "\"why\" should make you cry. Your \"why\"  should make you cry. And I'm going to say that", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00043-00022412-00022897": "some of these things depending on how it is gets me emotional and and Ned and", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00044-00022897-00023245": "all those that were there in Jackson they know I got a little emotional when", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00045-00023245-00023612": "we were going through some of these things. So your \"why,\" the reason why you do", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00046-00023612-00024218": "something, should make you cry. And so this is my \"why\" right here, my first \"why.\"", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00047-00024218-00024610": "This is my nieces. My nephew.  Got a new nephew not pictured", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00048-00024610-00024997": "because he was just born, just a couple of months ago. So I've got two nieces, two", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00049-00024997-00025420": "nephews. We're right there in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, right in front", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00050-00025420-00025832": "of the Liberty Bell, good place to be,  good place to take a picture with", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00051-00025832-00026497": "children. But I'd say that is my number one \"why,\" my nieces and nephew, my \"why\"", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00052-00026497-00026894": "for running for Senate.  Because during the", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00053-00026894-00027367": "2016 election when we had everything with Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton,", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00054-00027367-00027791": "during that time period my brother and his family had to live with me here in", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00055-00027791-00028244": "Springfield. They moved from Pennsylvania for temporarily and were here. And so", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00056-00028244-00028775": "I got to experience life with my nieces a my nephew while the whole world was", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00057-00028775-00029360": "in turmoil with the election going on, you know. And I began to see how does", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00058-00029360-00029957": "politics, how does things going on the world affect the situation in the lives", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00059-00029957-00030320": "of children. How do you explain to them all these things that are happening, all", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00060-00030320-00030827": "the words that some people say, you know, talking about some countries being an", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00061-00030827-00031280": "outhouse, how do you explain to these children what's going on?", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00062-00031280-00031808": "And so my \"why\" as I began to think about my nieces and nephew, what kind of future", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00063-00031808-00032294": "in this country do they have? What kind of future do they have to look forward", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00064-00032294-00032683": "to? Think about Social Security. You know it's questionable whether or", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00065-00032683-00033176": "not Social Security is going be available for me when I retire, but I'm", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00066-00033176-00033536": "pretty sure that Social Security is not going to be there for them when they", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00067-00033536-00034076": "retire. What about our monetary system, about this Monopoly money that the", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00068-00034076-00034451": "Federal Reserve keeps printing that in a few years is going to be worth nothing?", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00069-00034451-00035054": "The economy is going to go to pot, and do they have a future? No! And so my \"why\" is", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00070-00035054-00035516": "I'm running because I believe I'm a good uncle. I'm trying to be...you know Bernie", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00071-00035516-00035972": "Sanders. What was he? The grandpa? He was  everybody's grandpa. Well I'm going to try", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00072-00035972-00036452": "to be the good uncle for all the children of America, to make sure that they have a", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00073-00036452-00036911": "future that they can look forward to. So my \"why\" is those kids right there. My \"why\"", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00074-00036911-00037502": "is for the children of America, that I'm running so they can have a future.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00075-00037502-00038000": "The second reason is to take the power back, take back the power. When I was in high", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00076-00038000-00038486": "school, I learned in US history about the Constitution, about the Tenth Amendment,", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00077-00038486-00038941": "about how the federal government was never...the federal government was never made", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00078-00038941-00039500": "to be huge, never made to be all controlling. The federal government was", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00079-00039500-00039926": "supposed to have limited power and the power was supposed to take place from", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00080-00039926-00040243": "the grassroots and come up.  The power was supposed to come", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00081-00040243-00040837": "from the people up to those in elected positions. And so when I realized that", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00082-00040837-00041281": "and saw how our our government and our country was being run, I realized in high", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00083-00041281-00041728": "school that we've got to get the power back to the people. I said if I ever get a", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00084-00041728-00042233": "chance to run and to do something at a federal level, I will do that to try to", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00085-00042233-00042643": "take back the power for the people. Because the Tenth Amendment says that", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00086-00042643-00043195": "all responsibilities that are not listed within the Constitution, they belong to", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00087-00043195-00043762": "the to the states, but ultimately they belong to the people. And so I want to go", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00088-00043762-00044140": "and tell Congress that they got to stop doing things that are not in the", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00089-00044140-00044509": "Constitution. We've got to reverse some of these things that they have done that", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00090-00044509-00044917": "are not in the Constitution. And we can start and give the power back to the", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00091-00044917-00045406": "states, but ultimately give the power back to the people. So I am running to", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00092-00045406-00046092": "take back the power. There's a second thing I learned in US history", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00093-00046092-00046591": "when I was in high school. I began to read through history, began to see the", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00094-00046591-00047089": "narrative of United States history, and see the beauty early on of immigrants", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00095-00047089-00047563": "coming to America. And you know what? Donald Trump and everyone said make", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00096-00047563-00048155": "America great again. What made America great? Immigration. People coming, and", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00097-00048155-00048622": "coming and mixing together in the great a mixing pot, the great boiling pot, and", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00098-00048622-00049099": "coming together to make America great. Irish immigrants. Immigrants from all", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00099-00049099-00049661": "over, coming, being the backbone of America. Immigration is what made America", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00100-00049661-00050089": "great, and I truly believe that. And then I began to see as we went through the narrative", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00101-00050089-00050797": "of history, that we started to put quotas on who could come here from", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00102-00050797-00051250": "different countries. And I began to realize as I saw those numbers that", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00103-00051250-00051718": "there were certain people that we did not want to come to America. There were", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00104-00051718-00052243": "certain races, certain religions, that we no longer wanted to allow to come to", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00105-00052243-00052697": "America. And it's kind of like that today. We want people from Norway, but we don't", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00106-00052697-00053170": "want people from Haiti or Nigeria. There's that idea even today that we", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00107-00053170-00053563": "don't want certain people here. And so I'm running because I believe", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00108-00053563-00054088": "what makes America great is people coming and working together to make this", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00109-00054088-00054628": "society even better than it is, people from all over the world. I believe that", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00110-00054628-00055179": "we need to let people come to America. So we need to work on immigration and make", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00111-00055179-00055605": "it freer, make it more open, so that people can come to America and have a", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00112-00055605-00055960": "chance. Because there is awesome people in Haiti that are just as awesome as", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00113-00055960-00056509": "people in Norway who can come and give something to America. Lady right here, you're", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00114-00056509-00057021": "an awesome person coming and giving to America and making this place great.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00115-00057021-00057973": "Let's make America great again through immigration. And this is a very important", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00116-00057973-00058420": "one to me as well. You see these children, these young ladies up here.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00117-00058420-00059008": "They're from Afghanistan. This young man, he's from Syria. And you know what, I'm", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00118-00059008-00059311": "one of those libertarians that actually believes in the non-aggression principle.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00119-00059311-00059791": "I actually believe that the only time that we as a country should be", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00120-00059791-00060190": "aggressing on someone else is when they're aggressing on us.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00121-00060190-00060595": "And we have no business going over and bombing little children like this.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00122-00060595-00061029": "We have no business going over and killing little kids in the name of our own", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00123-00061029-00061453": "defense, in the name of our own protection, in the name of our own safety.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00124-00061453-00062166": "It is not right. We have no right to go and kill people for ourselves. And so I'm", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00125-00062166-00062638": "running for these kids all over the world. We've got to stop it. So I'm running", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00126-00062638-00063064": "to pull us back and to stop it. Because you know what? It's not only killing them", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00127-00063064-00063520": "but it's killing our own, boys and girls, our own children, that we're", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00128-00063520-00063862": "putting into the army. That they believe in their mind that they're doing", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00129-00063862-00064270": "something to protect America, but they're going out there and losing a leg. They're", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00130-00064270-00064735": "going out there being killed in the name of America, in the name of safety, when", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00131-00064735-00065272": "it has nothing to do with our safety. So I'm running for those kids right there", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00132-00065272-00065658": "and kids here in America.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00133-00065987-00066552": "Out there on the table we've got the Declaration of Independence. In this", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00134-00066552-00067119": "Declaration of Independence, what does it say? And I'm running for what it says.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00135-00067119-00067635": "Because the declaration says that \"all men.\" What does that mean? That means all,", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00136-00067635-00068034": "everyone, all over the world. It wasn't just talking about people that lived in", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00137-00068034-00068649": "the colonies. They realized that it was important that all are created equal.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00138-00068649-00069162": "They realized, it doesn't matter your gender, it doesn't matter your race, it", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00139-00069162-00069642": "doesn't matter your religion, it doesn't matter your opinions, it doesn't matter", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00140-00069642-00070260": "your social standing, it doesn't matter your economic class, all are", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00141-00070260-00070874": "created equal. And I believe that all have the God-given right of life, liberty,", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00142-00070874-00071424": "property, and the pursuit of happiness. That is why I'm running, because I", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00143-00071424-00071862": "believe in an America, as Dr. King has said, where little boys and little", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00144-00071862-00072405": "girls of blacks and whites can join hands and walk down the street together", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00145-00072405-00072966": "and be friends, be brothers and sisters the way we were made to be. I'm running", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00146-00072966-00073525": "because I believe that all are created equal. So that's why I'm running for", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00147-00073575-00073900": "Senate. Is that enough reasons?", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00148-00074350-00074800": "So as I go up there. If I go up there.  Hopefully we go up there.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00149-00074800-00075100": "There's like a hundred people up there and I'd be one", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00150-00075105-00075579": "out of a hundred, and they're pretty much split. So you ask, \"What can you do? What can", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00151-00075579-00076293": "you do to change things?\" Well I believe it's like being a candle. Because it's", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00152-00076293-00076989": "the message. We we can make a change by being the message, the light. When you", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00153-00076989-00077598": "take a big gymnasium that is pitch black, or a cave, out going into caverns, if", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00154-00077598-00078078": "it's pitch black, you can take a small candle and that candle, that light will", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00155-00078078-00078585": "pierce the darkness. And that light can be seen throughout the cave,", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00156-00078585-00079023": "throughout the cavern, throughout the gymnasium. And I believe that when we", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00157-00079023-00079472": "take this message, even one person  with the little light, with a message of", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00158-00079472-00080054": "freedom, the message of liberty, can begin to make a change and that light can", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00159-00080054-00080585": "begin to shine into the darkest places of our country and can make a change.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00160-00080585-00081158": "But you know what? It's not just about me.  I'm not the only one. Each and every person", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00161-00081158-00081590": "here is a candle. Each and every person here is a light. And as you go and", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00162-00081590-00081983": "spread the message, it's not only lighting yourself, you begin to light one other", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00163-00081983-00082478": "person, and another person, and the light and the message begins to spread.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00164-00082478-00082958": "You know there was a Rasmussen poll that said over 50% have said they have", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00165-00082958-00083360": "voted for an independent candidate. Can you imagine if we just keep lighting those", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00166-00083360-00083843": "candles and spreading that message? Eventually that over 50% will", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00167-00083843-00084302": "come together and we can have a change in America. We can have liberty. We can", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00168-00084302-00084890": "have freedom in America. So I ask you today to be one of these candles, because", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00169-00084890-00085433": "it's not just me. It's all about everyone. So be one of these candles. Join the team.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00170-00085433-00085895": "Join the campaign. You can talk to me. Talk to Chris Burros. If you're in Kansas City,", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00171-00085895-00086340": "you can talk to Ned and he'll get you in touch with us. And we can do something.", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00172-00086345-00086801": "We can canvass. We can call. But we're going to make a change. We don't win it,", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00173-00086801-00087185": "that's okay because they're gonna know we were here and they're gonna see the", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00174-00087185-00088013": "light in the darkness. And so as Dr. King said, \"Let freedom ring!\" Because that is my", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00175-00088013-00088550": "message as we take that candle into the darkness: \"Let freedom ring!\"", "n4mzTuvfjJk-00176-00088550-00088800": "Thank you very much."}}, {"audio_id": "n4o0sdh8uhU", "text": {"n4o0sdh8uhU-00000-00000000-00080200": "Video games are for the homosexuals..."}}, {"audio_id": "n4Q1_R7EGLA", "text": {"n4Q1_R7EGLA-00000-00000249-00000523": "Hi, welcome to the Fall semester of 2020!", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00001-00000523-00001041": "I’m Yonnie Chyung, Professor and Chair of the Organizational Performance and Workplace", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00002-00001041-00001475": "Learning department at Boise State University.", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00003-00001475-00002034": "We go by the acronym, O, P, W, L, or OPWL (OPAL), just like the gem in the gem State,", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00004-00002034-00002134": "Idaho.", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00005-00002134-00002573": "I am so excited to start the fall semester with you.", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00006-00002573-00002960": "The COVID-19 has affected every one of us.", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00007-00002960-00003522": "But even during this pandemic crisis, we (OPWL) shine because of the value that our students", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00008-00003522-00004113": "gain from our online program and what they can bring back to their organizations.", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00009-00004113-00004618": "Think about all those instructional programs that organizations have to deliver to their", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00010-00004618-00004874": "employees, esp., when they are working remotely.", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00011-00004874-00005539": "You, OPWL student, are well educated and prepared to handle this type of instructional design", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00012-00005539-00006217": "and e-learning demand by completing our courses on rapid e-learning development, adult learning", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00013-00006217-00006464": "principles, and instructional design.", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00014-00006464-00007207": "But that’s not all we do; businesses emphasize evidence-based and data-driven practices more", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00015-00007207-00007406": "and more than ever.", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00016-00007406-00008020": "Now, by taking our research-based courses such as survey design, interviews, quantitative", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00017-00008020-00008699": "research with SPSS, and data visualization, you will be able to WOW your current and future", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00018-00008699-00009186": "employers with your advanced knowledge and skills in data-driven practice.", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00019-00009186-00009890": "And, there are more – our courses on evaluation, needs assessment, workplace performance improvement,", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00020-00009890-00010360": "and thinking in systems will take you to the next level.", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00021-00010360-00010740": "You can also choose to go with the thesis route if you want to develop your research", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00022-00010740-00010892": "skills furthermore.", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00023-00010892-00011446": "Or, if you want to build you professional portfolio instead, we ask you to create your", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00024-00011446-00012040": "portfolio website right away during your first class with us, and we provide you with lots", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00025-00012040-00012459": "of support, including job aids, templates, and coaching.", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00026-00012459-00013141": "And, finally, I want to give a warm welcome to newly admitted OPWL students this fall,", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00027-00013141-00013424": "mostly taking the foundations class.", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00028-00013424-00013821": "You came to the right place at the right time.", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00029-00013821-00014332": "Everyone, welcome to the fall semester of 2020, and let’s have a great semester.", "n4Q1_R7EGLA-00030-00014332-00014388": "Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "n52fRSdOofE", "text": {"n52fRSdOofE-00000-00000362-00001063": "Hi my name is Elyssa Vulpes also known as Elisa Di Napoli (that's my birth name) and I am", "n52fRSdOofE-00001-00001063-00001589": "a holistic clinical  hypnotherapist and coach also a singer-songwriter and", "n52fRSdOofE-00002-00001589-00002377": "drummer and I want to talk about the dangers of comparison, of comparing", "n52fRSdOofE-00003-00002377-00003061": "yourself to other people. A lot of the time I think the trap here is to think", "n52fRSdOofE-00004-00003061-00003859": "that if you don't compare yourself to others then you'll just get stuck in", "n52fRSdOofE-00005-00003859-00004580": "a rut and not be able to better yourself but the problem with", "n52fRSdOofE-00006-00004580-00005303": "that is there's always going to be somebody that is better than you in some", "n52fRSdOofE-00007-00005303-00005882": "area or that you think is better than you in some area regardless of what they", "n52fRSdOofE-00008-00005882-00006565": "might feel themselves and not only that's just an assumption that's likely", "n52fRSdOofE-00009-00006565-00007150": "not to be true anyway but I also it's irrelevant and it's very damaging to your", "n52fRSdOofE-00010-00007150-00007750": "self-esteem in fact the problem is when you get stuck in comparison with other", "n52fRSdOofE-00011-00007750-00008428": "people you use a lot of the energy that you could use to actually better", "n52fRSdOofE-00012-00008428-00009088": "yourself feeling sorry for yourself , you get depressed about the fact that you're not", "n52fRSdOofE-00013-00009088-00009734": "up to standard so it's a losing game and I think you know it's much better to if", "n52fRSdOofE-00014-00009734-00010334": "you really want to compare yourself,  to compare yourself to yourself yesterday", "n52fRSdOofE-00015-00010334-00011164": "and what I mean by that is look at where you were before and look at where you", "n52fRSdOofE-00016-00011164-00011620": "have improved... now some people might think: well why should I just look at", "n52fRSdOofE-00017-00011620-00012064": "where I have improved and not look at all the things I am doing wrong? but the reason is", "n52fRSdOofE-00018-00012064-00012799": "whatever you focus your mind on will expand so think about it this", "n52fRSdOofE-00019-00012799-00013297": "way: your mind is sort of like a garden right  ? And", "n52fRSdOofE-00020-00013297-00014011": "whatever you plant in this garden will grow so are you gonna plant weeds or are", "n52fRSdOofE-00021-00014011-00014653": "you gonna plant a beautiful apple tree or flowers something that pleases you", "n52fRSdOofE-00022-00014653-00015187": "and makes you happy...?  I think it would be much better to do the latter than just", "n52fRSdOofE-00023-00015187-00015676": "plant weeds focusing on your faults and all the things you do wrong!  this doesn't mean", "n52fRSdOofE-00024-00015676-00016174": "that you're not aware that there are things to work on but self-acceptance is", "n52fRSdOofE-00025-00016174-00016822": "number one prerequisite for getting better and improving your skills at", "n52fRSdOofE-00026-00016822-00017494": "anything so I think if you really need to do something to better yourself", "n52fRSdOofE-00027-00017494-00018295": "then try and be kind,  try and be soft, soften up a little bit and just remember", "n52fRSdOofE-00028-00018295-00019060": "that when some criticism happens it is actually an alarm bell... it is it is a part", "n52fRSdOofE-00029-00019060-00019780": "of you that's trying to nurture you , is trying to parent you and the way that", "n52fRSdOofE-00030-00019780-00020295": "you're treating yourself and the way you're talking to yourself is simply a", "n52fRSdOofE-00031-00020295-00020932": "habit and it's conditioned by how you were treated as a as a kid . You tend to talk", "n52fRSdOofE-00032-00020932-00021394": "to yourself in the way that you primary care givers talked to you so this doe sn't", "n52fRSdOofE-00033-00021394-00022000": "mean that that can't be changed but you be have to be aware of what's going on", "n52fRSdOofE-00034-00022000-00022726": "and and be willing to change the way you talk to yourself... so that's my", "n52fRSdOofE-00035-00022726-00023226": "advice: my homework would be to  soften up , try encouraging to yourself stop all", "n52fRSdOofE-00036-00023226-00023656": "comparisons and notice what you're actually doing right so you can start", "n52fRSdOofE-00037-00023656-00024273": "doing more of that!  Okay that's all for me today have a wonderful day and do", "n52fRSdOofE-00038-00024273-00024825": "something creative just for yourself you probably feel a lot better!"}}, {"audio_id": "n52Uyqk64Tk", "text": {"n52Uyqk64Tk-00000-00000018-00000246": "Hello, good afternoon", "n52Uyqk64Tk-00001-00000370-00000470": "Still with our channel", "n52Uyqk64Tk-00003-00001412-00001516": "Behind me is a red Starlet", "n52Uyqk64Tk-00004-00002100-00002200": "red colour", "n52Uyqk64Tk-00005-00002266-00002414": "Since 1987", "n52Uyqk64Tk-00008-00002864-00003022": "Cold air conditioning and power steering", "n52Uyqk64Tk-00011-00003682-00003984": "Why is it called a box because it's behind the grandmother's box", "n52Uyqk64Tk-00014-00004396-00004690": "The previous video that I had aired was the capsule", "n52Uyqk64Tk-00017-00005474-00005798": "Complete complete tax documents", "n52Uyqk64Tk-00018-00005798-00005898": "Ok guys we see the video"}}, {"audio_id": "n5pSG8oe1C4", "text": {"n5pSG8oe1C4-00000-00000000-00000401": "Welcome to today's Tech Twenty: Practical Assignments", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00001-00000403-00000803": "Using Digital Comics. My name is Rebecka Anderson and I", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00002-00000806-00001206": "am the Educational Technology Manager at the Napa County Office of Education", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00003-00001208-00001607": "and this is a photo of me and my son at the Crab Pot", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00004-00001609-00002007": "where I thought this photo pose would be hilarious and", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00005-00002009-00002410": "what I actually found to be most funny was when we were looking at the picture later", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00006-00002412-00002815": "and we found the girl photo bombing us in the background with that look", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00007-00002817-00003217": "so in PowerPoint I just threw on a couple of thought bubbles to make the", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00008-00003219-00003617": "slide a little more interesting - and that brings us to today's topic: Using", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00009-00003619-00004017": "Digital Comics. The purpose of today is to", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00010-00004019-00004421": "share with you some practical assignments and classroom ideas for you and your", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00011-00004423-00004823": "students, and in addition to this I'll be sharing with you", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00012-00004825-00005225": "a variety of tools that you and your students can use to actually create the comics", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00013-00005227-00005626": "and please keep in mind that this is NOT a step-by-step training, this session is meant", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00014-00005628-00006026": "to just introduce you to some new ideas and new tools. We only have", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00015-00006028-00006429": "twenty minutes and we can't get into too much detail. Please", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00016-00006431-00006831": "do not feel like you need to take fast and furious notes. This session", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00017-00006833-00007231": "is being recorded and I will be sharing with you at the end of today's session, a link to", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00018-00007234-00007634": "a page, which will include links to the ideas", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00019-00007636-00008034": "that I've shared along with additional links to Websites that have", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00020-00008036-00008437": "tons of assignment ideas and links to all of the tools.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00021-00008439-00008840": "So, let's set out with the question of why even", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00022-00008842-00009242": "bother incorporating digital comics into your lessons?", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00023-00009244-00009643": "This is certainly a valid question, and", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00024-00009645-00010043": "I totally get why some people might be thinking it's a really stupid idea.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00025-00010045-00010445": "There are actually many practical uses and tons of different assignment ideas,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00026-00010447-00010845": "and in a moment I'm going to be sharing those with you, but", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00027-00010847-00011247": "just keep in mind that as I'm introducing them to you", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00028-00011249-00011649": "that comic creation can be great if it's supporting your learning goals and objectives", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00029-00011651-00012049": "for your students. So I'm not suggesting that you just incorporate comic creation into", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00030-00012051-00012453": "your classroom just for the sake of incorporating it into your classroom.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00031-00012455-00012853": "Only if it makes sense. So, that said", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00032-00012855-00013255": "though, I hope you'll keep an open mind and be willing to consider", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00033-00013257-00013656": "how you might adapt any of these ideas given your own subject areas,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00034-00013658-00014057": "grade levels, and the goals that you have for your students.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00035-00014059-00014460": "With all of that in mind, I feel like it's worth pointing out some of the", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00036-00014462-00014863": "characteristics of comics. Because it's these characteristics", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00037-00014865-00015265": "and the process of creating comics that are going to help lead you", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00038-00015266-00015666": "into determining the best ways to incorporate them, or maybe you decide not to,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00039-00015668-00016066": "into your classroom. So we know that comics are visual.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00040-00016069-00016471": "We know that they include text and that the amount of text can", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00041-00016473-00016874": "vary. We know that comics require reading, and they", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00042-00016876-00017276": "require the interpretation of visuals. We know that", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00043-00017278-00017677": "creation of comics is a creative process.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00044-00017679-00018077": "Creating comics also requires writing skills,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00045-00018079-00018481": "and we also know that comics are typically linear, so", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00046-00018483-00018884": "left to right, and content is divided into boxes.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00047-00018886-00019286": "Today I'm going to introduce to you", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00048-00019288-00019688": "ten different assignment ideas. After", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00049-00019690-00020089": "scouring multiple websites and reviewing a ton of different articles,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00050-00020091-00020493": "I've selected 10 assignment types to share with you.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00051-00020495-00020893": "As I previously mentioned, I will be sharing", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00052-00020895-00021295": "these assignments along with the list of all the websites", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00053-00021297-00021697": "that I reviewed, so that you'll have a comprehensive list of resources.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00054-00021699-00022098": "So be sure to visit those sites when we're done,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00055-00022100-00022498": "and make sure you look at that web page so that you can get some", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00056-00022500-00022901": "additional ideas and then learn more about some of the ideas that I'm presenting to you", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00057-00022903-00023304": "today. The 1st assignment type", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00058-00023306-00023705": "I want to tell you about probably isn't a surprise to you. You can", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00059-00023707-00024106": "have your students create comics to tell a story.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00060-00024108-00024506": "Obviously there is a limitation in the amount of text that can be written so", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00061-00024508-00024910": "this is a good way that you can help your kids start to think about", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00062-00024912-00025312": "using concise language and this also provides", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00063-00025314-00025714": "a way for students to be able to select visuals, and colors,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00064-00025716-00026114": "and digital media to help tell their story and", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00065-00026117-00026514": "with comics you can go in and you can change the characters, you can change scenes,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00066-00026517-00026918": "you can add objects, all things to enhance the story.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00067-00026920-00027318": "The best part is that you don't even have to be an artist, or know how to draw.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00068-00027320-00027720": "Another common activity", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00069-00027722-00028120": "that a lot of teachers do is at the start of a new classes", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00070-00028123-00028520": "is to have kids do presentations about themselves, and often", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00071-00028523-00028924": "times a tool like Google Slides or PowerPoint is used, and then", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00072-00028926-00029326": "each kid is given a slide and they go though and they create a slide based upon", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00073-00029327-00029727": "based upon whatever criteria the teacher gave them. That's definitely", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00074-00029730-00030130": "a great activity, but it's also been done a lot so if", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00075-00030132-00030530": "you're looking for a new introduction exercise you", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00076-00030532-00030933": "could have kids create a comic strip about themselves. I did the one on the screen", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00077-00030935-00031336": "pretty quickly. I know it's pretty basic, but", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00078-00031338-00031738": "as the teacher you'll be able to set the standard for what you wan to have them include.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00079-00031739-00032139": "The nice thing about comics is they can also be", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00080-00032141-00032539": "something that stands alone or something that is delivered as part of an oral", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00081-00032541-00032943": "presentation.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00082-00032945-00033345": "If you are having your kids create comics, you are not just limited to fiction, you can have", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00083-00033347-00033748": "your students work on a history project, or report, or you can have them create", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00084-00033750-00034149": "biographies. In this particular example, the", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00085-00034151-00034549": "person was sharing the history of Thanksgiving. So just to give you a quick summary,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00086-00034551-00034954": "I know the text is kind of small, but in 1609 a group of people", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00087-00034956-00035356": "left England, the moved to Holland, they were called Pilgrims", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00088-00035358-00035759": "they moved to Holland for religious freedom, but they didn't like it there, so they", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00089-00035761-00036160": "moved to the new world, and they left on the ship named the Mayflower.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00090-00036162-00036561": "As the teacher, you get to set the academic criteria so", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00091-00036563-00036964": "keep in mind that one of the reasons comic creations is popular", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00092-00036966-00037367": "though is that kids also appreciate the creative freedom.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00093-00037369-00037769": "So for example, in frame 2 in the top right you can see that", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00094-00037771-00038171": "the pilgrims are doing a little freedom dance and in the lower left they're actually doing", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00095-00038173-00038571": "a face palm and the captain says \"I don't like it here, let's go to the new world.\"", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00096-00038573-00038974": "Comics also work for history", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00097-00038976-00039377": "because of the fact that comics are linear and they are organized into frames", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00098-00039379-00039779": "or sections, and it's just a great tool to help kids visualize and understand", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00099-00039781-00040180": "chronological events and timelines.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00100-00040182-00040580": "Let's talk science. We could be talking about", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00101-00040582-00040980": "physical science, chemistry, geology, whatever,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00102-00040982-00041380": "choose an idea, concept, theory, whatever, and then", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00103-00041382-00041782": "have the students create a comic to explain it.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00104-00041784-00042183": "So in the example on the screen we see an explanation about what", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00105-00042185-00042584": "physical change is vs. a chemical change, and then", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00106-00042586-00042938": "the images combined with the text help explain that.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00107-00042940-00043340": "Again, keep in mind that because the format of comics is", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00108-00043342-00043742": "linear, we're reading left to right and the boxes separate the content,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00109-00043744-00044144": "comics are a really great tool to document processes,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00110-00044146-00044544": "and to include step-by-step instructions,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00111-00044546-00044948": "and if any of you have ever put anything together by IKEA you might be thinking", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00112-00044950-00045350": "they should adopt this, I know I do.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00113-00045352-00045752": "At any rate, moving on here, storyboards.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00114-00045754-00046154": "So this is something you might be doing along with another project", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00115-00046156-00046555": "such as having your kids do video projects.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00116-00046557-00046958": "So in the video, in the planning process", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00117-00046960-00047361": "for a video project, you would want to have your students put together some sort of", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00118-00047363-00047763": "a storyboard, and most of the storyboards that are out there, I've", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00119-00047765-00048164": "seen that are free, they are pretty basic", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00120-00048166-00048564": "and you can see there on the left side is the story, the center part is the scene,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00121-00048566-00048965": "and then the right part has the technical details.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00122-00048967-00049366": "If you use a comic like I did at the bottom, we have a much better picture", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00123-00049368-00049768": "about what's going to be happening in this particular project, and my", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00124-00049770-00050168": "captions are the actual scripts, the image is what I want to have happening", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00125-00050170-00050569": "in the scene, and the yellow text are", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00126-00050571-00050969": "my technical instructions.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00127-00050971-00051369": "Whether it is English,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00128-00051371-00051771": "or another language, you can have your students create", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00129-00051773-00052173": "comics in which they have to demonstrate understanding of vocabulary words.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00130-00052175-00052573": "This particular assignment required students to match", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00131-00052575-00052977": "images to the words to demonstrate their understanding of it.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00132-00052979-00053377": "We can also use comics to", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00133-00053379-00053779": "support the learning the complexities of language.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00134-00053782-00054180": "So we can have students create comics", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00135-00054183-00054582": "as a fun way for them to demonstrate their understanding of things", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00136-00054584-00054984": "like homophones, synonyms, antonyms, and homonyms.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00137-00054986-00055387": "On the screen is a comic that my son made about", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00138-00055389-00055790": "a guy getting away from a zombie, and his teacher asked", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00139-00055791-00056191": "the students to draw or write a comic on paper to demonstrate", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00140-00056192-00056591": "the difference between the words \"since\" and \"sense\"", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00141-00056594-00056996": "and also words like \"were\"", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00142-00056998-00057399": "\"where\" and \"we are\". So", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00143-00057401-00057802": "in the first two frames I'll just give you an overview of what this is---", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00144-00057804-00058204": "the guy in the blue or the purple shirt is running away, he says", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00145-00058205-00058604": "\"Run! Since you are dead, does that mean you still love me?\" and the", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00146-00058607-00059004": "zombie says \"I still love you\" and", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00147-00059007-00059408": "the guy running away in the purple shirt says \"sense the tone,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00148-00059410-00059810": "you zombie,\" so clearly my son understood", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00149-00059812-00060212": "the difference in terms and he also clearly has mastered sarcasm,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00150-00060214-00060613": "but this was a fun project for him to work on, but actually", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00151-00060615-00061014": "when he first started doing it, it was one of those assignments where he started to melt down", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00152-00061016-00061416": "because he didn't have drawing skills and", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00153-00061419-00061817": "his handwriting was poor, and so he knew what he was working on", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00154-00061820-00062219": "was not so great. So I ended up showing him", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00155-00062221-00062620": "Pixton, which is a comic creation tool that I'll be showing you later, and he was able to", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00156-00062622-00063021": "design something that he was proud of, and was able then to", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00157-00063023-00063421": "focus then on that actual task at hand, which was demonstrating", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00158-00063423-00063824": "how those words should be properly used.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00159-00063826-00064224": "You can also have your students interpret a story, a poem", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00160-00064226-00064624": "or music. In this particular example, we have the interpretation of", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00161-00064626-00065025": "a line from Romeo and Juliette. Act 1, scene .1", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00162-00065027-00065428": "\"On pain of torture from those bloody hands, throw your", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00163-00065429-00065830": "mis-tempered weapons to the ground\" and here in this comic we see", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00164-00065832-00066231": "the student matched this to a modern day visual and scenario that", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00165-00066233-00066632": "works perfectly.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00166-00066634-00067033": "You can also have your kids create comics as a way to,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00167-00067035-00067436": "as a different way to respond to current affairs or news stories.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00168-00067438-00067838": "This particular comic was in response to a recent", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00169-00067840-00068240": "news story about the president not saluting, and the comic includes", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00170-00068242-00068641": "a recap of what happens, and we can see that up in the top left, and then the  author", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00171-00068643-00069042": "asks the question if the president is even required to salute, given he's a civilian,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00172-00069044-00069445": "and then the rest of the comic explores the history behind the presidential salute,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00173-00069447-00069847": "and its origins, and then concludes with the final position statement.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00174-00069849-00070249": "Math teachers", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00175-00070251-00070650": "also get to use comics if they so choose.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00176-00070652-00071050": "You can have your students demonstrate how to solve a problem.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00177-00071052-00071454": "In this example on the screen, we see that the task here is to find out how much", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00178-00071456-00071857": "this couple can save by paying off a $100k loan over 50 years", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00179-00071859-00072258": "versus 30 years. It's up to you to determine the level of", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00180-00072260-00072660": "details that you want to have your students share, and how much of their work they", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00181-00072662-00073060": "need to show. If you need them to show all of the steps involved with", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00182-00073062-00073464": "how they arrived at their solution then you just need to specify that.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00183-00073466-00073866": "So again, the comic format is lending itself to that step-by-step", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00184-00073868-00074268": "format. You can have your students create word problems also, or", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00185-00074270-00074670": "you can also create you own  problems to share with your students using comics.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00186-00074672-00075070": "Okay, we're going to shift gears", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00187-00075072-00075473": "a little bit and I'm going to share with you some new tools for your toolbox.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00188-00075475-00075876": "I know we all just want one tool to do everything, but there's", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00189-00075878-00076277": "really no such tool. So instead, I will focus", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00190-00076279-00076679": "on finding the right tool for the right job, which means later you're going to have to", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00191-00076681-00077080": "do some exploring. The first comic creation tool that I want to", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00192-00077082-00077483": "introduce to you is called Pixton. Nearly all of the comics", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00193-00077485-00077885": "included in this presentation were created with Pixton,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00194-00077887-00078288": "and Pixton is my personal favorite and when I need to create a comic, it's my go-to tool.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00195-00078290-00078689": "It's also the tool that I had my son use. I sat down with him for about 10", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00196-00078691-00079090": "minutes and showed him the basics and he was off and happily creating.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00197-00079092-00079492": "Pixton is a web-based browser so you don't have to", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00198-00079494-00079893": "download special software. It works in all modern browsers,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00199-00079895-00080295": "and the free version also let's you create unlimited comics.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00200-00080297-00080697": "So be sure to start with the free version, no need to jump into", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00201-00080699-00081098": "paid or anything just yet. Like most of the comic tools", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00202-00081100-00081498": "creation is a matter of dragging and dropping,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00203-00081500-00081900": "and you usually have a library of things like characters, text, objects,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00204-00081902-00082302": "or props, and then backgrounds.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00205-00082304-00082703": "Pixton's greatest strength is probably also it's greatest weakness. Pixton", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00206-00082705-00083104": "allows you to do a high level of positioning with the characters, and the other tools", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00207-00083106-00083504": "I'm sharing don't have the same level, so in Pixton", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00208-00083506-00083907": "all of the characters can be posed. Every joint can be", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00209-00083909-00084309": "moved. You can turn the body, you can turn the head,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00210-00084311-00084709": "and you can even change things like the facial expressions. So", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00211-00084711-00085110": "this of course is all great, but because every single", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00212-00085112-00085511": "thing can be manipulated at such a high level, you can get lost,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00213-00085513-00085914": "your students can get lost, in the details, and if you're not careful", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00214-00085916-00086316": "you can end up in a small clicking battle in trying to get things just right,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00215-00086318-00086718": "because everything on your screen is something that can be manipulated.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00216-00086720-00087119": "Everyone always wants to know about privacy.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00217-00087121-00087519": "When you publish your comics in Pixton, even with a free account, you can set it to", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00218-00087521-00087920": "private and by setting it to private you then have access to a web address", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00219-00087922-00088322": "that you can then share with others so only the people that you give the address to", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00220-00088324-00088724": "will be able to see it. If you leave the default setting of", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00221-00088726-00089125": "the Pixton community, then the comic is going to be public", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00222-00089127-00089525": "and then part of the Pixton library, and anybody would be able to find it, read it", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00223-00089527-00089928": "and then comment on it. Another reason I really like Pixton", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00224-00089930-00090331": "for educators is that it has an extensive library of assignments, which is", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00225-00090333-00090733": "searchable by the subject areas that you can see on the screen,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00226-00090735-00091134": "and you can also search for assignments by grades, even by ratings,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00227-00091136-00091535": "and you can do a key word search as well.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00228-00091537-00091938": "So today  I've shared with you some broad ideas, the ones you're going to find here are very specific,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00229-00091940-00092340": "and there's a ton of assignments for each of the subject areas,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00230-00092342-00092743": "and when you find one of interest you'll see that you'll get", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00231-00092745-00093144": "an example comic, and then you'll get a set of instructions for the", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00232-00093146-00093545": "assignments that goes to the students, so you won't need to worry about writing", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00233-00093547-00093948": "up those details, and what's nice too is that it will also tell you", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00234-00093950-00094351": "when you find one of interest that the subject areas and grade level", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00235-00094353-00094751": "that it's appropriate for. And in addition to that, I kind of", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00236-00094753-00095151": "like this, it also includes a rubric for each assignment.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00237-00095153-00095551": "So the details on the slide here", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00238-00095553-00095955": "aren't necessarily important, it's just important to know", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00239-00095957-00096358": "that you want to have a rubric available. If you", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00240-00096360-00096760": "end up upgrading to the educational version, you can import an assignment", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00241-00096762-00097161": "and it's related materials into your account, and then you'll be able to", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00242-00097163-00097562": "download the rubric, and then you can edit it and modify it for your own needs.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00243-00097564-00097964": "While that's nice just know that you don't have to actually", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00244-00097966-00098366": "do that upgrade to get the assignments or to see the rubric.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00245-00098368-00098768": "So, you'll be able to go in, find the assignments that you want, look at the", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00246-00098770-00099169": "rubric, and then you can just do some copying and pasting and create your own rubric.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00247-00099171-00099570": "The next comic creation tool I want to share with you is by Marvel.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00248-00099572-00099973": "It's also free in a web-based", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00249-00099975-00100375": "tool, there is no special software that has to be downloaded, and", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00250-00100377-00100777": "with the free version you can create 11 comics or comic books, and", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00251-00100779-00101178": "unless you choose to specifically publish to the public gallery, all of your comics", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00252-00101180-00101579": "are kept private.  Because", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00253-00101581-00101983": "this is Marvel, you are stuck with the traditional Marvel", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00254-00101985-00102386": "superheroes, the villains, the backgrounds,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00255-00102388-00102789": "the props, so there is somewhat of a limitation", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00256-00102791-00103190": "in creativity from that perspective, but it's very easy", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00257-00103192-00103591": "to create the comic strips. I created one for our slide set today,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00258-00103593-00103995": "and aside from making elements of", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00259-00103997-00104398": "your comics smaller or larger", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00260-00104400-00104798": "and determining where in the frame it's going to go, you don't have a lot", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00261-00104800-00105200": "of control, so Pixton was very strong in this area", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00262-00105202-00105601": "and Marvel isn't, however, if you have younger kids that are", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00263-00105603-00106001": "getting hung up or the technical details, sometimes", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00264-00106003-00106404": "having less is more, so this can also provide more", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00265-00106406-00106806": "of an opportunity to help your students focus on the story or", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00266-00106808-00107208": "the dialog. Another reason that I really like", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00267-00107209-00107608": "the Marvel creation tool is because you can actually have your kids create", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00268-00107610-00108008": "comic books that are up to 22 pages long", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00269-00108010-00108413": "and then they can download them as PDFs, and that's pretty cool and it's all for free.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00270-00108415-00108815": "So like I said earlier, Marvel lets you have 11 comic strips or books.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00271-00108817-00109216": "So one kid could have 11 comic books, each up to 22 pages", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00272-00109218-00109617": "long. On this screen I've highlighted", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00273-00109619-00110018": "the top menu bar in yellow,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00274-00110020-00110421": "so when you are all done creating your comic, you can then choose to", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00275-00110423-00110823": "share it so you could embed it onto another web site or a blog,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00276-00110825-00111225": "you can download it, it can be emailed, it can be printed,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00277-00111227-00111626": "and that all can happen with the free account. Like I said before, unless you", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00278-00111628-00112026": "choose to publish it to the gallery, the comics are all", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00279-00112028-00112430": "kept private. Another free", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00280-00112432-00112833": "web-based comic creation tool that I like is called ToonDoo,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00281-00112834-00113233": "and with the free version you can create an unlimited number of comics.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00282-00113234-00113633": "At first it can feel a little overwhelming", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00283-00113635-00114033": "when you visit the site because they've got a lot of clutter and extra stuff and some things blinking,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00284-00114035-00114438": "but once you log in and you actually click the create button", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00285-00114440-00114840": "that stuff goes away.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00286-00114842-00115242": "I like this tool. It provides a lot of different options and the ability to perform a fairly", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00287-00115244-00115643": "high level of customization without over complicating", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00288-00115645-00116044": "the creation process.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00289-00116046-00116447": "So as I just said, once you actually click the link to create, you're taken to a pretty clean interface,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00290-00116449-00116850": "and like the previous comic, this is a drag and drop process. You can", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00291-00116852-00117252": "add characters, backgrounds, text, objects.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00292-00117254-00117653": "I like ToonDoo a lot because even though you don't have the same level of control", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00293-00117655-00118054": "in positioning your characters, like you did in Pixton, you still have a lot of options.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00294-00118056-00118457": "So for example, I can still change the emotions on my characters,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00295-00118458-00118859": "I can resize them, I can change the colors, and with the characters I can even", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00296-00118861-00119261": "work on customizing their traits. So I can change their eyebrow shape, their nose,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00297-00119264-00119663": "their hair color, and all kinds of different things.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00298-00119665-00120064": "So, in my opinion, probably of the three that I've just introduced", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00299-00120066-00120467": "to you, I think that given the number of options,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00300-00120469-00120870": "and it's ability to manipulate them, that it's", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00301-00120872-00121272": "maybe the easiest,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00302-00121274-00121672": "and I think that has a lot to do with the fact that the tools", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00303-00121674-00122072": "that you use to manipulate the different aspects of the comics are", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00304-00122074-00122476": "clearly labeled, and they're always in the same place. They're always at the bottom", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00305-00122478-00122879": "of the screen.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00306-00122881-00123282": "The other reason that I really like this tool is because you can upload your own photo", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00307-00123283-00123683": "and you can do a little editing of it, and you can", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00308-00123685-00124083": "also then do some of your own drawings and then you can add both of these", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00309-00124085-00124486": "into your comics.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00310-00124489-00124890": "Once you're all done, you can publish your comic, and", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00311-00124892-00125291": "with ToonDoo your comics are private, and when you go to publish, you can choose", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00312-00125293-00125692": "if you want it to be public, or only accessible", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00313-00125694-00126093": "to people with the link, and the free version lets you have a link that you can email to anyone", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00314-00126095-00126496": "just like the other tools. There is an embed code available,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00315-00126498-00126900": "and you can also print it. So", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00316-00126902-00127302": "ToonDoo is another tool that I", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00317-00127304-00127703": "really like.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00318-00127705-00128104": "On the resource page that I have created for you, I have a list of other", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00319-00128106-00128505": "comic creation tools. It's just not possible to go through every single one of them", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00320-00128507-00128908": "and then also maintain your attention to all of the details", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00321-00128909-00129309": "about them. So you're going to want to visit that web page and check", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00322-00129311-00129711": "them out, but the three that I introduced to you today are definitely my most favorite.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00323-00129714-00130113": "Keep in mind too, though, that you and your students", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00324-00130115-00130513": "could also use Google Slides and PowerPoint to create comics.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00325-00130515-00130916": "So while you don't have the built in characters and backgrounds like you do with", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00326-00130918-00131319": "some of these other tools, inserting and using your own images, is pretty easy,", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00327-00131321-00131719": "and so is adding in text. So both of the tools", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00328-00131721-00132120": "allow you to add in your own shapes, and call out boxes, and", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00329-00132122-00132520": "you have complete control over what you want your comic layout to look like.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00330-00132522-00132923": "Keep in mind also that PowerPoint has a large", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00331-00132925-00133326": "clip art gallery that you can pull from, and in Google Slides", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00332-00133328-00133727": "you can also use the built-in search features to grab images.", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00333-00133729-00134129": "So that brings us to the end of today's session. As I just mentioned I will be", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00334-00134131-00134529": "sending out to you the link to the web page that has a list of all of the", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00335-00134531-00134932": "different tools that are available, a recap of all of the assignments that we reviewed", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00336-00134934-00135333": "today along with a list of other resources or websites that", "n5pSG8oe1C4-00337-00135335-00135735": "list tons of other ideas. So thank you very much, and have a good day."}}, {"audio_id": "n5G43Pzx5Qc", "text": {"n5G43Pzx5Qc-00000-00000000-00000686": "hi welcome to the review of offline goldrush system", "n5G43Pzx5Qc-00001-00000704-00000964": "i am mo , this is my picture", "n5G43Pzx5Qc-00002-00001140-00001332": "before i get into this review", "n5G43Pzx5Qc-00003-00001532-00001716": "i want to tell you something", "n5G43Pzx5Qc-00004-00001980-00002444": "everyone on the internet has tried to make money online", "n5G43Pzx5Qc-00005-00002602-00002872": "and almost  everyone failed", "n5G43Pzx5Qc-00006-00003088-00003897": "every year there are a lot of websites become available on the internet", "n5G43Pzx5Qc-00007-00004022-00004568": "and everyone is trying to make money from his site", "n5G43Pzx5Qc-00008-00004770-00006180": "the competition is very high and no one get high profit  as he thought when he started his website", "n5G43Pzx5Qc-00009-00006360-00006895": "so .. the solution about that is offline goldrush", "n5G43Pzx5Qc-00010-00006988-00008030": "it's a training series videos and an e book that teach you offline and local marketing step by step", "n5G43Pzx5Qc-00011-00008145-00008722": "this means that you will never have to pay for traffic", "n5G43Pzx5Qc-00012-00008944-00009468": "you will not need google , bing , yahoo and such networks", "n5G43Pzx5Qc-00013-00009896-00010358": "this product comes with very valuable bonuses", "n5G43Pzx5Qc-00014-00010564-00011072": "if you are interested .. i left a link below .. click it", "n5G43Pzx5Qc-00015-00011104-00011592": "and go to the sales page and thank you"}}, {"audio_id": "n5PzNT7nfd0", "text": {"n5PzNT7nfd0-00000-00000000-00000303": "(bright guitar music)", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00001-00000303-00000387": "- Patrick.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00002-00000477-00000750": "Listen hun, I found the house.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00003-00000750-00000875": "Yes, our house,", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00004-00001001-00001288": "the one we've been looking for for two years.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00005-00001288-00001474": "It's amazing.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00006-00001474-00001916": "It belongs to a builder, so he built it for himself.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00007-00001916-00002099": "No, only nine years old.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00008-00002099-00002241": "Honey, it's perfect.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00009-00002241-00002486": "It even has a rosemary hedge.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00010-00002486-00002637": "It reminds me of my grandmother.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00011-00002637-00002770": "It's just a joy.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00012-00002971-00003208": "Okay, we'll go, I'll talk you through it.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00013-00003208-00003378": "Alright, listen now.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00014-00003378-00003680": "It has this amazing timber staircase,", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00015-00003680-00003907": "and it's just beautiful, it's sort of curls up.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00016-00003907-00004225": "It's a little bit sexy up to the main living area.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00017-00004225-00004534": "It just takes my breath away.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00018-00004534-00004762": "Downstairs in the entertainment area,", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00019-00004762-00004868": "it's just amazing.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00020-00004868-00005179": "The bi-fold doors open right up", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00021-00005179-00005418": "and it creates this indoor/outdoor area", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00022-00005418-00005677": "with a wet bar, and guess what?", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00023-00005818-00006009": "You can finally buy that pool table,", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00024-00006009-00006230": "because there's so much room, it's amazing.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00025-00006230-00006491": "And on the other side there's a room downstairs", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00026-00006491-00006748": "with a on suite, which is perfect for your mum.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00027-00006748-00007059": "One more thing, it has room for the two cars", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00028-00007059-00007518": "and a third garage where you can put the bike.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00029-00007518-00007799": "Yep, no more leaving the bike outside.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00030-00007799-00008006": "And I know I'm sort of enticing you", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00031-00008006-00008188": "and I'm bribing you a little bit,", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00032-00008188-00008566": "but there's a man cave down in the cellar.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00033-00008566-00008796": "Honey, you need to come now.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00034-00008796-00008987": "I'm sold on the place.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00035-00008987-00009281": "Has an amazing kitchen, great big deck.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00036-00009281-00009564": "I'm scared we're going to lose it.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00037-00009564-00009811": "You need to come now.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00038-00009811-00010045": "I'm going to go and talk to the agent.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00039-00010045-00010394": "Yeah, you know the agent, it's Madeleine Hicks.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00040-00010394-00010608": "Yeah, she's a really nice person.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00041-00010608-00010787": "Yeah, I'll go ask Madeleine.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00042-00010787-00010936": "Come now.", "n5PzNT7nfd0-00043-00010936-00011253": "(bright guitar music)"}}, {"audio_id": "n6jbi-Zyn7E", "text": {"n6jbi-Zyn7E-00000-00000152-00000864": "This video is an introduction to \"if\" statements in R. And \"if\" statements", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00001-00000864-00001607": "allow us to only execute a particular block of code if a certain condition is met.", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00002-00001607-00002376": "So far we've used conditional statements to filter things. One of the other things that", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00003-00002376-00003056": "we can do with these conditional statements is use them to control the flow of the program", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00004-00003056-00003784": "using something called an \"if/else\" statement. And the way these if statements work", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00005-00003840-00004496": "is they check to see if a conditional statement is true and if it is then they", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00006-00004496-00005136": "execute a particular block of code and if it's not then they don't execute that block of code.", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00007-00005344-00006400": "And so in concept, in pseudocode, what these look like is the keyword 'if', a set of parentheses,", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00008-00006544-00007248": "and then we'll have our conditional statement in here and so we're saying basically if", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00009-00007336-00008224": "the conditional statement is true, and we'll just replace that with a conditional statement", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00010-00008224-00008912": "when we actually do this, curly brackets, and remember these curly brackets define", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00011-00008968-00009656": "the block of code that's executed together and so this will be the block of code that's executed", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00012-00009656-00010360": "if the conditional statement is true, and then we'll do something in here we'll have one or more", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00013-00010360-00011080": "lines of code that will only get executed if the conditional statement in parentheses is true.", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00014-00011304-00011648": "So let's look at an example of what that would actually look like.", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00015-00011768-00012312": "We'll just start with a value of 'x' that we'll use for checking our conditional", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00016-00012312-00013128": "statement against, so let's say 'x = 6'. And then we'll have our conditional statement and", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00017-00013128-00014376": "so let's check to see if x is greater than 5. And so we'll say 'if(x > 5)', curly brackets,", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00018-00014480-00015168": "and then if x is greater than 5 let's square x, so we'll say 'x = x^2'.", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00019-00015919-00017032": "And so if we run this code and then we look and see what 'x' is we'll see that it's 36. And so the", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00020-00017032-00017768": "code executed like this: we set x equal to six, we then check to see if x was greater than five,", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00021-00017768-00018568": "it is so this conditional statement evaluates to 'TRUE', and therefore we run the code", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00022-00018568-00019224": "inside this block. So we take the value of 'x', which is 6, square it,", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00023-00019224-00019936": "and store it back into 'x', and so that makes 'x' 36 and then we end our code block.", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00024-00020288-00020784": "So now let's see what happens if we change 'x' to 4.", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00025-00021120-00021728": "Now if we run the same block of code what we'll see is that 'x' is equal to 4 over here,", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00026-00021904-00022728": "and that's because we set 'x' equal to 4, we then check to see if 'x' was greater than 5, 4 is not", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00027-00022728-00023328": "greater than 5 so this evaluates to 'FALSE', and so this block of code doesn't get run,", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00028-00023328-00023984": "it gets skipped over and doesn't get executed, and so 'x' stays where it was to start with.", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00029-00024368-00024896": "It's important to keep in mind that this 'if' statement is not a function right. So", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00030-00024896-00025408": "we're using curly brackets to talk about the block of code that's in the 'if' statement", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00031-00025408-00025952": "but this is actually out in the broader program, it's not been placed in a function,", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00032-00025952-00026424": "and so everything that happens here is reflected in our global environment.", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00033-00026680-00027336": "And that's the basic idea but let's look at a slightly more real-world application of", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00034-00027336-00028224": "something like this. Let's say that we are estimating the mass or biomass of a plant", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00035-00028288-00028936": "based on the volume that we've measured in the field. We've done this just with a single", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00036-00028936-00029816": "equation before, but more realistically the way in which we calculate that mass depends on", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00037-00029880-00030527": "the specific plant type that we're looking at. So we wouldn't use the same equation for grasses", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00038-00030527-00031224": "as we would for trees for example. And so we can control this kind of behavior then", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00039-00031224-00032112": "using an 'if' statement. And so we could say set our 'veg_type', so let's set 'veg_type = tree',", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00040-00032280-00032936": "and then we could have our 'volume' and so let's set our 'volume' to 16.08,", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00041-00033128-00033960": "and then we could use a conditional to only calculate a mass if the vegetation type", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00042-00033960-00035192": "was 'tree'. And so we could say 'if', parentheses, 'veg_type' is equal to, '==' remember for \"equal", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00043-00035192-00036584": "to\" 'tree', and then our curly brackets, and then we could say 'mass = 2.65 * volume^0.9'.", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00044-00037208-00038104": "And if we run this code we'll get out a mass, but if we ran it with a vegetation type", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00045-00038104-00038872": "other than tree then this block of code wouldn't execute. And so we can see that we're starting to", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00046-00038872-00039656": "be able to control how things happen depending on the states of some information, some data,", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00047-00039768-00040216": "and what we'll start to learn next time is what to do in a context like this", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00048-00040216-00040600": "when we have values other than 'tree' that we need to work with.", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00049-00040704-00041016": "So that's the basic idea behind 'if' statements.", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00050-00041120-00041832": "'if' statements check to see if a condition is true or false, and if it's true they execute", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00051-00041832-00042400": "the following block of code and if it's false then they don't execute that block", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00052-00042400-00043024": "of code. And they have the general structure 'if', parentheses, the condition that we want to check,", "n6jbi-Zyn7E-00053-00043088-00043704": "curly brackets, and then the code that we want to execute if that condition is true."}}, {"audio_id": "n6ORXM-hU_I", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "n7ASAAyoo_E", "text": {"n7ASAAyoo_E-00000-00000216-00000476": "Well, this is [inaudible], and I'm doing my MBA", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00001-00000487-00000697": "at Sloan School of Management.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00002-00000707-00000887": "In the next set of sessions we will", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00003-00000897-00001141": "be deliberating the weirdest aspects", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00004-00001151-00001394": "of how to evaluate startups.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00005-00001404-00001694": "First up is the billion dollar question", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00006-00001704-00002005": "on how do you evaluate seed stage startups?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00007-00002015-00002195": "We have with us here Kevin Colleran,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00008-00002205-00002482": "who's the managing director of Slow Ventures.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00009-00002492-00002819": "He's an early stage investor in Pinterest, and PillPack,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00010-00002829-00003052": "and many more such impressive companies.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00011-00003062-00003393": "He's also one of the first 10 employees at Facebook", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00012-00003403-00003707": "and is a regular contributor to the Wall Street Journal.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00013-00003717-00004017": "Joining him we have TJ Parker, who's", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00014-00004027-00004270": "the CEO and co-founder of PillPack.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00015-00004280-00004627": "The startup that's helping people across the companies", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00016-00004637-00004978": "get their medications on time.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00017-00004988-00005341": "He's also named one of the \"30 under 30\"", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00018-00005351-00005735": "under Forbes, as well as in the Inc. Magazine's \"30 under 30\"", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00019-00005745-00005935": "in 2016.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00020-00005945-00006276": "All of you join me in welcoming both to TJ and Kevin.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00021-00006286-00006419": "[music playing]", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00022-00007357-00007620": "Hi, everybody.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00023-00007630-00007711": "Let's make it awkward.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00024-00008201-00008478": "Always keep your founders this far away,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00025-00008488-00008725": "investors and foun-- all right.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00026-00008735-00008822": "I can lie down.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00027-00008832-00008965": "You could lie down.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00028-00008975-00009322": "Want to talk to you, my dog, he died.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00029-00009332-00009546": "Anyway, who here does drugs?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00030-00009966-00010166": "Yeah, well, he's got a coupon code.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00031-00010543-00010774": "So I am Kevin Colleran, as mentioned.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00032-00010784-00011488": "I worked at Facebook from 2005 through 2011,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00033-00011498-00011681": "so one of the first 10 employees.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00034-00011691-00011981": "Started out of my apartment in New York", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00035-00011991-00012252": "and ended up staying with the company", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00036-00012262-00012435": "until it was about 5,000 people.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00037-00012445-00012752": "When I left, I moved here thanks to my wife", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00038-00012762-00013046": "being from here and my family as well.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00039-00013056-00013286": "And with a couple of friends started", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00040-00013296-00013536": "investing, seed investing or angel investing,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00041-00013546-00013790": "in tech companies.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00042-00013800-00014060": "A group of friends, all from Facebook,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00043-00014070-00014324": "we pooled about $15 million of capital.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00044-00014334-00014974": "And wrote 175 checks, between 2011 and 2015,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00045-00014984-00015281": "into a whole lot of things, this being one of them.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00046-00015291-00015518": "Sorry, you-- you're not a this anymore.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00047-00015528-00015855": "And then recently, beginning 2015", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00048-00015865-00016042": "decided to institutionalize the fund.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00049-00016052-00016329": "And we raised about $250 million,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00050-00016339-00016706": "so far, to invest larger amounts.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00051-00016716-00017093": "But focused mostly on seed stage companies.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00052-00017103-00017414": "And who are you?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00053-00017424-00017637": "I'm TJ from PillPack.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00054-00017647-00017857": "So PillPack is a pharmacy that makes", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00055-00017867-00018004": "it really easy for people that take", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00056-00018014-00018191": "ongoing chronic medications.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00057-00018201-00018408": "We sort and deliver certain packages and medications", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00058-00018418-00018545": "based on when they take them throughout the course", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00059-00018555-00018768": "of the day, we then deliver them to their door.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00060-00018778-00018915": "And we manage all the coordination", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00061-00018925-00019115": "with their insurance company, with their doctors,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00062-00019125-00019359": "do all the heavy lifting, so that it's super easy for folks", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00063-00019369-00019569": "that take medications.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00064-00019579-00019783": "We started the company in early 2013", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00065-00019793-00020046": "and we launched the product in early '14.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00066-00020056-00020220": "To date, we've raised about 115 million", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00067-00020230-00020553": "in capital, including from Kevin.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00068-00020563-00020720": "And we are now servicing customers all", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00069-00020730-00020837": "across the country.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00070-00020847-00020960": "We are located in Boston.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00071-00020970-00021177": "Our office is in Somerville, so right down street.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00072-00021187-00021361": "And then we have pharmacies across the US", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00073-00021371-00021554": "and then another office in Salt Lake.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00074-00021564-00021915": "Company is about 600 people at this point.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00075-00021925-00022158": "Before that, I was in school and did a lot of work", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00076-00022168-00022388": "actually helping run things like this.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00077-00022398-00022615": "I helped run $100K at MIT, helped start", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00078-00022625-00022732": "Hacking Medicine at MIT.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00079-00022742-00022959": "So I was really involved in this community.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00080-00022969-00023169": "And before that I was in college.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00081-00023179-00023286": "Keep going all the way back.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00082-00023296-00023486": "All the way back, the whole story.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00083-00023496-00023790": "How many people here have raised capital", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00084-00023800-00024160": "from institutional investors?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00085-00024170-00024374": "How many people here see that as being something", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00086-00024384-00024637": "they may do in the future?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00087-00024647-00024778": "Cool.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00088-00024788-00024984": "So I was at a dinner with a bunch of MIT people", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00089-00024994-00025375": "the other night and many of them were either had just", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00090-00025385-00025735": "or were about to start raising seed funding.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00091-00025745-00026536": "And basically the questions were consistent of brilliant people,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00092-00026546-00026906": "doing brilliant things and not having much insight as to how", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00093-00026916-00027120": "the fundraising process goes.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00094-00027130-00027307": "What you should do, should not do, et cetera.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00095-00027317-00027587": "And so we figured we would take maybe 15", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00096-00027597-00027897": "minutes or so to talk ourselves and then open it up to you", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00097-00027907-00027981": "guys.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00098-00027991-00028241": "Happy to answer any questions.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00099-00028251-00028414": "TJ, obviously, wants to talk about", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00100-00028424-00028671": "or is happy to talk about his experience of raising capital,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00101-00028681-00028788": "as I said over $100 million.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00102-00028798-00029035": "It takes some work.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00103-00029045-00029289": "And as I mentioned, we've invested now", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00104-00029299-00029466": "in over 250 companies.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00105-00029476-00029646": "And so I'm happy to talk about things", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00106-00029656-00029773": "that have and have not worked.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00107-00029783-00029953": "But why don't you start.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00108-00029963-00030400": "So going back to that point, when you were doing things here", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00109-00030410-00030673": "to the point of actually having a company that", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00110-00030683-00031057": "has 600 employees and $100 million plus raised.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00111-00031067-00031301": "There were probably a few steps along the way.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00112-00031311-00031651": "So going from you have this idea--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00113-00031661-00031821": "maybe even talk about your background", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00114-00031831-00032132": "in terms of being a pharmacist and seeing the opportunity.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00115-00032142-00032455": "And then actually committing to an idea and deciding you", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00116-00032465-00032715": "know what, I'm just going to go be a CEO and start this thing.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00117-00032725-00033039": "Instead of the typical career path that you had planned on.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00118-00033049-00033106": "Yeah.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00119-00033116-00033253": "So it's coming to--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00120-00033263-00033500": "I am trained as a pharmacist, I didn't actually go to MIT.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00121-00033510-00033793": "I went to Mass College of Pharmacy across the river.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00122-00033803-00033950": "And during school, my dad had started", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00123-00033960-00034140": "this new kind of pharmacy that actually sorted", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00124-00034150-00034334": "and packaged meds very similar to PillPack.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00125-00034344-00034501": "But delivered to nursing homes, assisted", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00126-00034511-00034741": "living facilities, long-term care facilities.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00127-00034751-00035111": "And I always knew I wanted to start something, or work", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00128-00035121-00035315": "at a startup, or do something entrepreneurial.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00129-00035325-00035535": "I spent probably three or four years", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00130-00035545-00035755": "running around here trying to understand", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00131-00035765-00035882": "how this whole thing worked.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00132-00035892-00036022": "Like, how do you raise money?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00133-00036032-00036122": "How do you meet a co-founder?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00134-00036132-00036236": "How do you start a company?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00135-00036246-00036423": "How does all this stuff work?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00136-00036433-00036683": "I was in a lot of that $100K judging sessions, where you'd", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00137-00036693-00036850": "have, oftentimes, venture capitalists", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00138-00036860-00037233": "and angel investors watching someone pitch their ideas.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00139-00037243-00037414": "Oftentimes, a student pitched their idea", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00140-00037424-00037624": "and I observed that whole process.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00141-00037634-00037887": "And by the time I was on the other side of the table,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00142-00037897-00038101": "I had a little bit of insight into how investors", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00143-00038111-00038341": "think about evaluating an idea.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00144-00038351-00038665": "And then we first pitched the idea of Pill Pack", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00145-00038675-00039062": "at a hackathon, that MIT Hack-u-medicine hackathon.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00146-00039072-00039379": "And we got a good response from that, we won the hackathon.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00147-00039389-00039532": "But we started the hackathon, so it's", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00148-00039542-00039706": "a little bit of a misnomer.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00149-00039716-00039849": "Is there a conflict there.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00150-00039859-00039949": "No conflict.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00151-00039959-00040099": "I think, it was a $1,000 prize which", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00152-00040109-00040306": "is a big deal at the time.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00153-00040316-00040593": "And then, ultimately, that started the snowball.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00154-00040603-00040830": "And we would get together once a week, as a team,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00155-00040840-00041060": "to work on what the company would be.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00156-00041070-00041194": "If we actually built a pharmacy?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00157-00041204-00041291": "If we built a platform?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00158-00041301-00041484": "How much money would need to raise?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00159-00041494-00041731": "And within three or four months had applied to Techstars.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00160-00041741-00042175": "Got into Techstars, which was early 2013.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00161-00042185-00042378": "And from there the whole thing snowballed.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00162-00042388-00042605": "So it was a lot of build up of understanding", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00163-00042615-00042929": "how investors think about writing checks to just pitching", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00164-00042939-00043219": "it for the first time at a hackathon to four months later", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00165-00043229-00043490": "we had a $120K from Techstars.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00166-00043500-00043723": "And then within about five months of that", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00167-00043733-00043977": "raised the first four mil-- $500K and then $3.5 million,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00168-00043987-00044077": "so about $4 million.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00169-00044087-00044347": "But really the biggest thing was really", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00170-00044357-00044567": "just pitching it the first time and getting feedback.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00171-00044577-00044848": "And people around here that really helped.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00172-00044858-00045185": "How did you decide how much--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00173-00045195-00045472": "that's a large round for that soon.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00174-00045482-00046092": "So the trajectory we usually see is--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00175-00046102-00046419": "it used to be the seed round was the first round, that's now", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00176-00046429-00046539": "turned into the second round.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00177-00046549-00046763": "So there's this angel round that happens first", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00178-00046773-00046993": "which, from my experience, probably the average is", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00179-00047003-00047260": "$500,000 to $750,000 being raised.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00180-00047270-00047587": "Usually, it's friends, family, and some strategic people--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00181-00047597-00047874": "it's $50K and $100K checks.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00182-00047884-00048121": "That usually gets you somewhere around a year", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00183-00048131-00048264": "worth of operating.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00184-00048274-00048498": "Then there's the seed round which", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00185-00048508-00048792": "now you have a year of under your belt,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00186-00048802-00049032": "you've got some metrics to show, you may have a prototype,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00187-00049042-00049225": "you may be already in market.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00188-00049235-00049372": "I think, the average usually we see", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00189-00049382-00049622": "is probably a million and 1/2 dollars raised", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00190-00049632-00049746": "for a seed round.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00191-00049756-00050096": "Which then gets you another, should be, 18 months.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00192-00050106-00050423": "So now you're 2 and 1/2 years in when", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00193-00050433-00050613": "it's a series A. Which we typically", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00194-00050623-00050910": "see as being a $5 million fundraise or so.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00195-00050920-00051187": "So it seems like you did that pretty accelerated.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00196-00051197-00051311": "Yeah.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00197-00051321-00051624": "Compared to a lot of startups, we are asset heavy.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00198-00051634-00051858": "So we had to build an actual distribution center,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00199-00051868-00052115": "we had to buy automation to do the packaging,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00200-00052125-00052275": "we had to get licensed nationwide.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00201-00052285-00052559": "So there is a lot of baked in cost at the beginning.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00202-00052569-00052765": "We followed that trajectory somewhat,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00203-00052775-00052956": "it was just really accelerated.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00204-00052966-00053420": "So we raised the $500K about two months into Techstars.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00205-00053429-00053580": "And then tactically what happened", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00206-00053590-00053863": "was that in Techstars you have to buildup to demo day,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00207-00053873-00054124": "or any of these accelerators is build up to demo day.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00208-00054134-00054521": "And it's all, on some level, operating off FOMO.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00209-00054530-00054707": "And by the time demo day happened,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00210-00054717-00054988": "everyone felt like they missed the first pre-seed round.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00211-00054998-00055125": "And then that parlayed into what,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00212-00055135-00055298": "I think, we were going out for $3 million", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00213-00055308-00055542": "and we ended up closing 3 and 1/2.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00214-00055552-00055768": "And the primary reason for raising that much is again", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00215-00055779-00055965": "was that there's just a lot more infrastructure", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00216-00055975-00056162": "that we had to build to even go to market.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00217-00056172-00056392": "We couldn't test the idea with just a piece of software", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00218-00056402-00056676": "or half a dozen engineers.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00219-00056686-00056886": "Did you find your investors as a result", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00220-00056896-00057103": "of the Techstars experience?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00221-00057113-00057207": "Some of them.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00222-00057216-00057333": "We found our first two angel investors", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00223-00057343-00057557": "as a result of the $100K and Hacking Medicine.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00224-00057567-00057704": "There're actually two of the judges", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00225-00057714-00057937": "that I used to recruit to help judge.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00226-00057947-00058081": "The first people which oftentimes--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00227-00058091-00058208": "So more conflicts of interest.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00228-00058218-00058421": "More conflicts of interest all over the place.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00229-00058431-00058631": "I think the first couple investors are always", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00230-00058641-00058738": "the hardest.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00231-00058748-00058878": "And it was nice for people that I knew,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00232-00058888-00059078": "I didn't know them super well.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00233-00059088-00059439": "And then the first institutional investor, my co-founder,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00234-00059449-00059622": "had worked at Founder Collective,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00235-00059632-00059746": "so he knew them well.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00236-00059756-00059929": "So conflicts of interest all over the place.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00237-00059939-00060049": "Right, yeah.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00238-00060059-00060220": "So work at the $100K, work at Founder Collective,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00239-00060230-00060306": "and then you're good.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00240-00060316-00060413": "Yeah.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00241-00060423-00060620": "Just start a business plan competition,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00242-00060630-00060777": "win that business plan competition,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00243-00060787-00060957": "stack the deck with judges who will then", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00244-00060967-00061080": "invest in your business.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00245-00061091-00061264": "Find a co-founder that works at a venture capital.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00246-00061274-00061494": "Get a co-founder that works at a VC firm and it's easy.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00247-00061504-00061604": "Off to the races.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00248-00061614-00061728": "It's really like-- all these people talking", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00249-00061738-00062388": "about it being so difficult. We struggle with this", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00250-00062398-00062529": "because we've seen the trends.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00251-00062539-00062939": "It used to be that there were very few accelerators,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00252-00062949-00063132": "incubators.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00253-00063142-00063636": "Then there all of a sudden were hundreds of companies a year--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00254-00063646-00063833": "Y Combinator and Techstars in multiple cities", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00255-00063843-00063980": "and so many more.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00256-00063990-00064454": "And I think there's been points of view", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00257-00064464-00064664": "on both sides as to whether it makes sense", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00258-00064674-00065064": "to go into one of those accelerated learning", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00259-00065074-00065175": "environments.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00260-00065185-00065448": "Rapidly-- 90 days-- typically go from idea", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00261-00065458-00065688": "to some sort of prototype, try to raise as much money as", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00262-00065698-00065855": "possible afterwards.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00263-00065865-00065975": "What do you think about--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00264-00065985-00066169": "obviously, your experience was little while ago,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00265-00066179-00066372": "but do you think that you being a first time", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00266-00066382-00066709": "founder, at that time, coming out of pharmacy school,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00267-00066719-00067080": "not being an entrepreneurial or business trained person was--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00268-00067090-00067240": "do you think that experience helped?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00269-00067250-00067604": "It definitely helped for me and for the company.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00270-00067614-00067784": "I think every instance is different.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00271-00067794-00067991": "So for some companies it's been a good experience,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00272-00068001-00068131": "some it hasn't been.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00273-00068141-00068334": "I think being really clear about why you're doing accelerators--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00274-00068344-00068568": "so for us we did the accelerator primarily to accelerate", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00275-00068578-00068698": "the process of raising capital.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00276-00068708-00068868": "And that's what we hoped to get out of it", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00277-00068878-00068978": "and we got that out of it.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00278-00068988-00069115": "And I think in the process we met", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00279-00069125-00069429": "a lot of folks in the community that we didn't know before, so,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00280-00069439-00069562": "for us, it was worth it.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00281-00069572-00069702": "I think, for us the decision point", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00282-00069712-00069913": "at the time was do we do one of these healthcare specific", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00283-00069923-00070046": "accelerators?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00284-00070056-00070196": "Do we do [? a rakel ?] through a health box or something", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00285-00070206-00070280": "like that?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00286-00070290-00070386": "Or, do we do a tech specific?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00287-00070396-00070567": "And we found that capital raises typically", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00288-00070577-00070904": "go better at the Techstars-type accelerators.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00289-00070914-00071067": "But that was four years ago, I don't", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00290-00071077-00071241": "know if the market has changed.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00291-00071251-00071444": "At the time, it was a pretty no-brainer decision.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00292-00071454-00071638": "At this point, Y Combinator feels", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00293-00071648-00071748": "like a no-brainer decision.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00294-00071758-00071901": "And then, I think, all the other ones", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00295-00071911-00072048": "are very dependent on the company", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00296-00072058-00072208": "and whether it makes sense for them.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00297-00072218-00072365": "So one of the questions I was getting", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00298-00072375-00072735": "the other night, at that dinner, which was surprising to me is--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00299-00072745-00073103": "my fund has a policy against doing uncapped notes.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00300-00073113-00073466": "So typically a seed round--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00301-00073476-00073753": "instead of having to go through the hassle, paperwork,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00302-00073763-00074180": "and legality of creating a true equity round,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00303-00074190-00074447": "there someone will use the Y Combinator safe agreement.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00304-00074457-00074838": "If you're familiar with that or a simple debt instrument.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00305-00074848-00075125": "And the only thing that really needs to be determined", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00306-00075135-00075371": "is what is the cap of the valuation.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00307-00075381-00075555": "Which is not really a true valuation now,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00308-00075565-00075865": "it just means when we raise again in the future--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00309-00075875-00076199": "as you know, we will be adjusted to that valuation", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00310-00076209-00076412": "with usually some sort of discount", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00311-00076422-00076546": "for having come in early.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00312-00076556-00076803": "And it was interesting that the students-- not students,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00313-00076813-00077016": "but the alumni that I talked to from here", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00314-00077026-00077303": "had said that the lawyers that they had worked with", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00315-00077313-00077504": "and the ecosystem that they'd worked with around", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00316-00077514-00077784": "here told them, never put a cap on the note.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00317-00077794-00078278": "And basically what that means, for me, as an investor is--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00318-00078288-00078491": "it's been too hard for me to overcome that.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00319-00078501-00078771": "Because if you're going to come in early,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00320-00078781-00078985": "usually a year before other investors,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00321-00078995-00079315": "and take much more risk when the idea is still just an idea,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00322-00079325-00079519": "and there's really no infrastructure of business,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00323-00079529-00079763": "the idea of just getting a 20% discount", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00324-00079773-00079953": "to the next person that may come in a year", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00325-00079963-00080216": "or more later when there are so many more proof points, so much", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00326-00080226-00080416": "of the idea has been de-risked, it", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00327-00080426-00080583": "doesn't make sense to me unless there is", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00328-00080593-00080790": "some sort of cap on the upside.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00329-00080800-00081067": "And basically my concern, the reason", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00330-00081077-00081474": "why we've pushed for it is the misaligned incentives I feel", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00331-00081484-00081628": "between an investor and a founder,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00332-00081638-00081861": "if there's an uncapped note is significant.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00333-00081871-00082255": "Because the founder wants the valuation", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00334-00082265-00082675": "to run as high as possible before that first investor that", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00335-00082685-00082872": "believed in them gets their equity.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00336-00082882-00083062": "And of course, the investor wants", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00337-00083072-00083326": "the lowest possible valuation which means that should I", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00338-00083336-00083449": "be as helpful as I can?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00339-00083459-00083643": "Should I make as many introductions as I could?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00340-00083653-00083773": "Et cetera.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00341-00083783-00084080": "Because reverse incentives, so you guys, how did you?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00342-00084090-00084274": "--put on the valuation in the future.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00343-00084284-00084664": "So how did you guys handle figuring out how to-- being", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00344-00084674-00084818": "first time-- was it the Tech--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00345-00084828-00085141": "I assume Techstars taught you certain things about that.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00346-00085151-00085341": "But figuring out what your valuation should be", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00347-00085351-00085585": "and how to set up valuation along the way?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00348-00085595-00085728": "So that it didn't become a problem", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00349-00085738-00085952": "either between your relationship with your investors.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00350-00085962-00086276": "Or a problem with your ability to raise money in the future", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00351-00086286-00086573": "if you didn't achieve certain goals because of a down round", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00352-00086583-00086826": "is perceived to always be a bad thing.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00353-00086836-00087056": "I think we got very lucky, not just with Techstars,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00354-00087066-00087330": "but getting a really good, experienced early stage", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00355-00087340-00087420": "investor involved.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00356-00087430-00087610": "That's not Kevin.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00357-00087620-00087680": "Just kidding.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00358-00087690-00087780": "You're great as well.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00359-00087790-00088044": "There's good investors and there's not.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00360-00088054-00088191": "So the first institutional money in", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00361-00088201-00088458": "was David Frankel at Founder Collective.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00362-00088468-00088625": "And we navigated all of these.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00363-00088635-00088738": "Do you do an uncapped note?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00364-00088748-00088848": "Do you do a party round?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00365-00088858-00089125": "Do you do a strong lead in your next round?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00366-00089135-00089329": "And leaned very heavily on David for advice", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00367-00089339-00089556": "through that period as well as the folks at Techstars.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00368-00089566-00089879": "Katie was super helpful working through all of that.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00369-00089889-00090103": "But, I think, getting an early stage investor", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00370-00090113-00090340": "that both knows other folks in the community that will be", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00371-00090350-00090513": "a good fit for your next round.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00372-00090523-00090760": "Helping educate and walk you through what", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00373-00090770-00090977": "makes sense and doesn't make sense.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00374-00090987-00091224": "I think, we wrestled with this, it was four years ago.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00375-00091234-00091394": "We wrestled with doing an uncapped note,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00376-00091404-00091661": "or pricing the round, or during a cap note.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00377-00091671-00091941": "And Dave and other folks pushed pretty hard on the fact", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00378-00091951-00092172": "that you want to align it with all of your investors.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00379-00092182-00092318": "We're seeing this even later stage,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00380-00092328-00092582": "now you're seeing uncapped notes and weird debt instruments that", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00381-00092592-00092832": "seem great at the time, but then have all sorts of potential", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00382-00092842-00092942": "for downside.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00383-00092952-00093129": "And that was really just leaning on people", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00384-00093139-00093366": "that were super helpful, whether that was early investors", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00385-00093376-00093593": "or folks at Techstars.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00386-00093603-00093796": "At what point did you decide a board of directors", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00387-00093806-00093960": "was necessary?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00388-00093970-00094257": "And it sounds like Dave Frankel probably", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00389-00094267-00094507": "operated in that capacity whether he was officially one", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00390-00094517-00094607": "or not.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00391-00094617-00094717": "How did you go through that decision?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00392-00094727-00094824": "Yeah.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00393-00094834-00095041": "So we didn't do a board on the first half", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00394-00095051-00095255": "a million which I think is pretty normal.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00395-00095265-00095498": "The capital and the timing of the business--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00396-00095508-00095725": "that oversight didn't feel necessary.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00397-00095735-00096009": "And we had one institutional investor, which was David.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00398-00096019-00096216": "And, I think, he acted in that capacity,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00399-00096226-00096429": "but it didn't need to be formalized.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00400-00096439-00096729": "We raised the price round that was $3 and 1/2 million,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00401-00096739-00096886": "it made sense to put a board together.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00402-00096896-00097103": "I think, you're not always, but oftentimes", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00403-00097113-00097253": "at that amount of money you're going", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00404-00097263-00097413": "to get pushed by the investors and it's", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00405-00097423-00097610": "a pretty standard thing to do.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00406-00097620-00097894": "And it made sense for us, I think,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00407-00097904-00098148": "made a five person board at the time.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00408-00098158-00098314": "That was myself, my co-founder, and then", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00409-00098324-00098448": "the two that-- we basically split", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00410-00098458-00098678": "that $3 and 1/2 million round between Atlas and Founder", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00411-00098688-00098798": "Collective.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00412-00098808-00099025": "And they each got a board seat in that process.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00413-00099035-00099309": "Oftentimes, I think, it's more on what have two plus one lead.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00414-00099319-00099542": "For us, I think, five was a nice size.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00415-00099552-00099782": "I think, five is a good size in perpetuity.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00416-00099792-00099986": "And it was nice to have more than one personality", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00417-00099996-00100146": "on the board, so they get some balance", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00418-00100156-00100336": "and some different opinions.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00419-00100346-00100657": "But, I think, you experience a breath of this in a way that I", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00420-00100667-00100793": "don't.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00421-00100803-00101044": "But, for us, at that capital amount, it was pretty logical.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00422-00101054-00101234": "What have you seen from-- is it dollars in?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00423-00101244-00101324": "Is it timing?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00424-00101334-00101478": "Yeah.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00425-00101488-00101678": "I would say the majority of company--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00426-00101688-00102071": "first of all, at that angel round the 500, the 750--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00427-00102081-00102278": "there's no reason to have a board.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00428-00102288-00102515": "Fast forward a year, now you're a year in,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00429-00102525-00102719": "you're going out for the seed around.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00430-00102729-00103016": "As I said, usually a million and a half dollars or so.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00431-00103026-00103213": "I have seen it go either way.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00432-00103223-00103419": "We typically don't ask for a board seat", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00433-00103429-00103643": "when we write one of those checks.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00434-00103653-00104057": "And if we do do it, it's usually with the incentive", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00435-00104067-00104374": "of getting off the board as soon as possible.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00436-00104384-00104614": "Taking the seat in order to be a mentor-advisor,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00437-00104624-00104761": "to make connections, to be helpful.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00438-00104771-00105011": "But in reality we want to just be there", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00439-00105021-00105351": "until the bigger funds are around the table", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00440-00105361-00105575": "the people who are--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00441-00105585-00105989": "our models we write a lot more checks than a typical VC.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00442-00105999-00106396": "We will do probably 30 or 40 investments a year", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00443-00106406-00106513": "among five of us.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00444-00106523-00106693": "And a typical venture capitalists", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00445-00106703-00106883": "will write one or two checks a year,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00446-00106893-00107093": "which allows them to be on boards.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00447-00107103-00107520": "A typical VC is on 12 boards, usually, at any given time.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00448-00107530-00107710": "That's the max when you can do it.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00449-00107720-00107967": "But, for us, we were much more interested", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00450-00107977-00108421": "in making more bets without having", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00451-00108431-00108822": "to make the long-term, decade long commitment of the board", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00452-00108832-00108915": "seat.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00453-00108925-00109055": "And we don't think our strength is", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00454-00109065-00109319": "being part of your Series B or C,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00455-00109329-00109602": "and preparing for an IPO, et cetera.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00456-00109612-00109879": "We think, it's really to get you the initial capital you need", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00457-00109889-00110009": "to get the business started.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00458-00110019-00110290": "And to make the introductions to who will likely", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00459-00110300-00110610": "become your first board member, being your Series A lead", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00460-00110620-00110897": "investor.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00461-00110907-00111104": "Conflict between founder and board--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00462-00111114-00111397": "or founder and investor.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00463-00111407-00111671": "I think, has a lot to do with who you choose", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00464-00111681-00111915": "as investors and vice versa.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00465-00111925-00112118": "I think, ideally you have the same people that", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00466-00112128-00112308": "are willing to write checks you actually like,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00467-00112318-00112565": "which is always helpful.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00468-00112575-00112806": "I think, a lot of board and investor management", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00469-00112816-00113096": "is really just keeping folks in the loop in a very", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00470-00113106-00113206": "real-time manner.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00471-00113216-00113366": "There's lots of mechanisms to do that,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00472-00113376-00113693": "but, I think, no one likes significant surprises.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00473-00113703-00113873": "And, for me, that's been less about", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00474-00113883-00114180": "formal monthly or bimonthly monthly investor updates.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00475-00114190-00114501": "And more, sort of, ongoing short snippets and texts,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00476-00114510-00114667": "or hop on the phone, or just keep people", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00477-00114677-00114834": "in the loop about what's going on.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00478-00114844-00114964": "It's not like everything has been rosy", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00479-00114974-00115101": "and everything's been great news,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00480-00115111-00115431": "but, I think, in the process as things are developing--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00481-00115441-00115728": "keeping people in the loop, and not obfuscating stuff,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00482-00115738-00116059": "and being as transparent as possible has limited conflicts.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00483-00116069-00116252": "But, I think, if you choose the wrong investor", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00484-00116262-00116503": "you're starting off in a really bad place.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00485-00116513-00116713": "So it's really about people that you can get along", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00486-00116723-00116846": "with and be real with.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00487-00116856-00117083": "I think, different people have different personalities.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00488-00117093-00117293": "And that ongoing communication about what's", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00489-00117303-00117460": "going on with business.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00490-00117470-00118014": "I think that there's two sides in terms of founders who just", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00491-00118024-00118388": "really want the dollars and want the dollars at the highest", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00492-00118398-00118668": "valuation versus founders who actually want the mentorship", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00493-00118678-00118992": "advice of a true partner.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00494-00119699-00119929": "And then there's the pitch that me as a VC", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00495-00119939-00120240": "and, then I see, the pitch that the VCs make to founders,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00496-00120250-00120410": "especially founders in competitive rounds", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00497-00120420-00120854": "as to why their firm is better than the others.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00498-00120864-00121094": "Andreessen Horowitz's is now famous", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00499-00121104-00121591": "because of the mass, mass infrastructure that they have--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00500-00121601-00121878": "they'll handle your legal, and your CFO responsibilities,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00501-00121888-00122025": "they'll do your recruiting for you,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00502-00122035-00122338": "et cetera, versus other funds that completely focus on,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00503-00122348-00122515": "we are just a small group of partners", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00504-00122525-00122735": "and we are here for advice and mentorship.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00505-00122745-00122989": "But we don't have infrastructure tools.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00506-00122999-00123136": "What do you think makes sense?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00507-00123146-00123543": "And, how have you seen, other than a source of funding", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00508-00123553-00123806": "and a source of quarterly meetings,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00509-00123816-00123963": "investors playing an active role?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00510-00123973-00124167": "I think one of the benefits of being a first time", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00511-00124177-00124404": "entrepreneur with an experienced lead investor", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00512-00124414-00124571": "is that you truly want the advice,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00513-00124581-00124744": "you want the perspective.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00514-00124754-00124974": "And, I think, choosing the right investor that can help", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00515-00124984-00125228": "with that is really paramount.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00516-00125238-00125458": "But, I think, most of the time that, for me, has really", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00517-00125468-00125582": "been about personality.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00518-00125592-00125742": "And, obviously, there's lots of things", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00519-00125752-00125865": "that go into who you pitch and whether they've", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00520-00125875-00126125": "done similar companies before and things like that.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00521-00126135-00126285": "But it really came down to personality.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00522-00126296-00126512": "There was two instances of funds that delivered really", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00523-00126522-00126699": "specific things.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00524-00126709-00126983": "Kevin was one of those, was super helpful.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00525-00126993-00127223": "At one point in time, getting us approved on Facebook", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00526-00127233-00127393": "and helping us work through that process.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00527-00127403-00127570": "But, as a general rule, it was more", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00528-00127580-00127804": "choosing a generalist and a personality that, I thought,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00529-00127814-00128064": "I could actually learn from and truly wanted to learn from.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00530-00128074-00128251": "And if that wasn't the case, it probably just", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00531-00128261-00128388": "wasn't the right fit.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00532-00128398-00128661": "But I wasn't looking at things like Andreessen's", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00533-00128671-00128918": "infrastructure, or first rounds like Founder Portal.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00534-00128928-00129102": "But those were all things that were pitched.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00535-00129112-00129299": "I think, it really became who I wanted actually", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00536-00129309-00129512": "spend time with and deal with when things are good", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00537-00129522-00129752": "and when they're bad.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00538-00129762-00129949": "So 10 minutes left any questions?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00539-00130450-00130553": "Yes.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00540-00130563-00130957": "Did you raise money from university endowments?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00541-00130967-00131070": "You're asking me, I assume?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00542-00131080-00131251": "Oh--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00543-00131261-00131424": "I did not, no.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00544-00131434-00131481": "Yeah.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00545-00131491-00131728": "So Slow we are.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00546-00131738-00131791": "Sort of.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00547-00131801-00131854": "Indirectly, I did.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00548-00131864-00131941": "Yes.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00549-00131951-00132008": "You did.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00550-00132018-00132142": "Not directly.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00551-00132152-00132609": "Most VC dollars you get come from university endowments.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00552-00132619-00133049": "Our philosophy for Slow is much different than a typical fund.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00553-00133059-00133316": "Because it was started as the personal capital of about", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00554-00133326-00133526": "10 friends that all worked at Facebook,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00555-00133536-00133716": "when we expanded, to become larger,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00556-00133726-00134123": "we end up raising money from about 100 other individuals.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00557-00134133-00134430": "Who were all CEOs of tech companies--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00558-00134440-00134667": "well, founders, CEOs, key executives at tech companies.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00559-00134677-00134871": "And our request to them was we wanted everyone", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00560-00134881-00135208": "to play an active role in the investment process.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00561-00135218-00135572": "And the reason for that is, we think, that you can take money", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00562-00135582-00135805": "from universities, but the university", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00563-00135815-00135985": "is not going to play much of an active role", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00564-00135995-00136236": "in helping you find investments, diligence investments,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00565-00136246-00136329": "et cetera.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00566-00136339-00136476": "And we felt that at the seed stage", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00567-00136486-00136960": "the most important thing is getting expertise and network.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00568-00136970-00137377": "And we thought, OK, if we have the CEOs of companies", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00569-00137387-00137660": "from social media companies, to payment processing companies,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00570-00137670-00137941": "to virtual reality companies, et cetera,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00571-00137951-00138301": "when we see stuff that seems really interesting we then", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00572-00138311-00138725": "ask those LPs to meet the company on our behalf.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00573-00138735-00138935": "And so we can be generalists.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00574-00138945-00139249": "And our rule is, I don't necessarily, as the investor,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00575-00139259-00139502": "have to be a master of understanding", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00576-00139512-00139679": "the business that's being pitched to me as", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00577-00139689-00139839": "long as someone in our ecosystem,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00578-00139849-00140126": "which is usually one of those 100 LPs,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00579-00140136-00140273": "is an expert in that ecosystem.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00580-00140283-00140443": "And they can say, listen--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00581-00140453-00140590": "and we see this all the time--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00582-00140600-00140860": "most founders are so busy being founders", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00583-00140870-00141020": "that they likely don't really have time", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00584-00141030-00141184": "to be angel investors, also.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00585-00141194-00141554": "But just through the day to day of running their business,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00586-00141564-00141758": "amazing people come into their office.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00587-00141768-00142011": "And they say, wow, if I actually had the time, or bandwidth,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00588-00142021-00142202": "or interest in doing the paperwork,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00589-00142212-00142382": "I would totally invest in this company", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00590-00142392-00142569": "because you're building something incredible.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00591-00142579-00142779": "But I'm so busy running my business.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00592-00142789-00143002": "And so our request is basically the hundreds", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00593-00143012-00143289": "of people that see those types of founders--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00594-00143299-00143560": "come into their office we say, when you get that inkling that,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00595-00143570-00143780": "man, this person that just came in for that meeting", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00596-00143790-00143880": "is incredible.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00597-00143890-00144060": "If I actually had a little more time,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00598-00144070-00144344": "I would have written the check myself into this company.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00599-00144354-00144661": "We ask them to forward it to us and call that out", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00600-00144671-00144817": "in the subject of the email.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00601-00144827-00145071": "And so basically-- we do now have,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00602-00145081-00145301": "only now in the most recent fund we brought in a couple", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00603-00145311-00145478": "of university endowments--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00604-00145488-00145838": "but other than that, it is this group of these 100 individuals.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00605-00145848-00146159": "And then what we also did is we brought in VC firms, which", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00606-00146169-00146312": "is not very typical.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00607-00146322-00146482": "We've got a couple dozen VC firms", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00608-00146492-00146846": "that have invested either their own partner capital or fund", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00609-00146856-00147320": "capital into Slow because we see stuff much earlier than they", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00610-00147330-00147437": "typically want to invest.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00611-00147447-00147644": "And so we'll do the seed around and then we'll", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00612-00147654-00147800": "make the introductions to those people", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00613-00147810-00148011": "to lead the Series A or Series B.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00614-00148021-00148251": "And what we find is when you can tell", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00615-00148261-00148625": "a founder at the very beginning the reason why you should take", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00616-00148635-00148881": "money from us is not just because it's money,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00617-00148891-00149122": "but because you're getting now the", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00618-00149132-00149269": "access to these 100--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00619-00149279-00149469": "so he mentioned-- we helped him with Facebook,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00620-00149479-00149629": "we have a lot of ties to Facebook.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00621-00149639-00149766": "They had a problem there, we were", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00622-00149776-00150109": "able to rectify that problem which most other firms may not", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00623-00150119-00150433": "have had the direct path to helping with that.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00624-00150443-00150667": "And we have that with basically 100 different companies.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00625-00150677-00150787": "And what we say to most founders,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00626-00150797-00150974": "you don't know who you're going to need help from.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00627-00150984-00151090": "At some point when you're building", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00628-00151100-00151247": "your business there is going to be--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00629-00151257-00151454": "you're going to need help getting on to Facebook,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00630-00151464-00151951": "or becoming a beta test of some sort of product", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00631-00151961-00152328": "to a big company that's being tested, or whatever it may be.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00632-00152338-00152435": "Finance help, et cetera.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00633-00152445-00152595": "We say, we have all those introductions.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00634-00152605-00152896": "And so you know think of us much more as a network rather than", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00635-00152906-00152969": "a pool of capital.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00636-00153326-00153790": "So, yes, in order to grow now in further--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00637-00153800-00154217": "individuals do have a natural kind of threshold", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00638-00154227-00154571": "as to how much they can invest into a VC fund continuously", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00639-00154581-00154754": "and so as we want to grow the fund we", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00640-00154764-00155171": "do start taking outside capital from endowments.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00641-00155181-00155408": "But we do keep that network of those 100 individuals", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00642-00155418-00155608": "and those VC firms and those are the ones", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00643-00155618-00155832": "who play an active role.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00644-00155842-00156129": "Yeah.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00645-00156139-00156232": "Thank you.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00646-00156242-00156452": "What's your median size of investment?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00647-00156462-00156696": "And you said you don't do uncapped,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00648-00156706-00157023": "so what's your maximum cap in the north?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00649-00157033-00157130": "How do you do that?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00650-00157140-00157273": "I just wanted to learn about the process.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00651-00157283-00157647": "What we see in the seed round, again--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00652-00157657-00158001": "typically we are the second time a founder is raising.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00653-00158011-00158214": "And they have been doing their business for a year.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00654-00158224-00158478": "And they've been doing that on this angel money", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00655-00158488-00158892": "that they've raised from friends and family, or angel investors.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00656-00158902-00159142": "So they are further along than--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00657-00159152-00159355": "and this is very different than what it used to be.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00658-00159365-00159712": "It used to be the seed round was two kids and an idea.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00659-00159722-00159966": "And there was nothing more than that idea.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00660-00159976-00160320": "Now, I think, because the opportunity to make progress", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00661-00160330-00160443": "without much capital--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00662-00160453-00160633": "whether it's through because of Amazon web hosting", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00663-00160643-00160797": "or just other things--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00664-00160807-00161050": "we really want to sit back at and see how scrappy were you", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00665-00161060-00161254": "and how far did you get on either the money", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00666-00161264-00161614": "in your own pocket book or the money from friends and family.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00667-00161624-00161958": "And so for us, typically, that is a $1 and 1/2 million,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00668-00161968-00162118": "$2 million seed round.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00669-00162128-00162395": "It's typically at some sub-10 million valuation.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00670-00162405-00162682": "So it's a 1 and 1/2 on a $7 million", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00671-00162692-00163022": "cap note or an $8 million round.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00672-00163032-00163479": "And we will write a check of any size from the full amount", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00673-00163489-00163726": "down to usually $500,000.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00674-00163736-00163907": "The difference that we have from most funds", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00675-00163917-00164370": "is most VC funds want to get 20% ownership of a deal.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00676-00164380-00164784": "Because, as I mentioned, that VC is only", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00677-00164794-00165121": "doing one or two deals a year, he or she", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00678-00165131-00165398": "needs to have enough equity to make sense that they are going", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00679-00165408-00165532": "to spent so much time on It.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00680-00165542-00165945": "With us were doing five, six, seven, eight deals a year.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00681-00165955-00166269": "And we are fine being the second largest check which", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00682-00166279-00166516": "is very different than most.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00683-00166526-00166639": "A lot of times its a zero-sum.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00684-00166649-00167006": "Someone is going to win the lead position to write", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00685-00167016-00167163": "the lead check of a company.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00686-00167173-00167360": "And the other people will have lost,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00687-00167370-00167500": "the other VC firms will leave.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00688-00167510-00167794": "And then you'll fill whatever's left with strategics.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00689-00167804-00168034": "We say, listen, you can either choose us to lead or choose", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00690-00168044-00168147": "someone else to lead.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00691-00168157-00168281": "We'll just take whatever's left because we'd", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00692-00168291-00168575": "much rather be part of this company going forward.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00693-00168585-00168895": "Instead of saying, we couldn't convince that founder back", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00694-00168905-00169245": "on day one and so we now have no ownership.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00695-00169255-00169445": "And so it's different and time will tell.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00696-00169455-00169639": "As a result, we end up doing probably", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00697-00169649-00169899": "three times more investments per fund.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00698-00169909-00170076": "And we probably have one third the amount", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00699-00170086-00170273": "of average ownership per company,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00700-00170283-00170493": "but we think the quality of all of the companies", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00701-00170503-00170790": "is higher because we don't have to actually win zero-sum.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00702-00170800-00171057": "We can be in all of the things that we", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00703-00171067-00171197": "see, that we think are great.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00704-00171207-00171541": "Do you stay with the company for longer term or you exit", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00705-00171551-00171638": "after like--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00706-00171648-00171748": "Yes.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00707-00171758-00172051": "So our policy-- and this is basically we ask,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00708-00172061-00172295": "as many investors do, for pro-rata rights.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00709-00172305-00172595": "So if we're buying 7% of your company at the beginning,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00710-00172605-00172869": "we want to be able to maintain that going forward.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00711-00172879-00173136": "With a small seed fund, there's usually a limit to that.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00712-00173146-00173446": "If you get into a company that becomes a rocket ship,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00713-00173456-00173850": "just maintaining your ownership is going to be a $10 million", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00714-00173860-00174224": "check when our whole fund is not much bigger than that.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00715-00174234-00174484": "And so we asked for the ability to do it", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00716-00174494-00174701": "and then it allows us to at some point say,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00717-00174711-00174928": "OK, the valuation is too high.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00718-00174938-00175084": "We are happy with our ownership, we're", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00719-00175094-00175231": "going to get diluted down a little bit.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00720-00175241-00175405": "But we still own enough that we're happy.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00721-00175415-00175798": "So, typically, if we start at the seed,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00722-00175808-00175935": "we'll do one more round.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00723-00175945-00176222": "So we will do our pro-rata at the A. And then by the time", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00724-00176232-00176466": "he gets to a Series B or C we usually", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00725-00176476-00176736": "are just on the sidelines cheering for the company,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00726-00176746-00176960": "but not actually writing new checks.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00727-00176970-00177080": "In the back, yep.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00728-00177090-00177273": "So, I guess, having worked with a lot of founders,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00729-00177283-00177460": "have you ever had-- because we hear", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00730-00177470-00177717": "about a lot of the experience that you guys have been talking", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00731-00177727-00177877": "about has been fairly positive.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00732-00177887-00178107": "Have you ever invested in someone and, for TJ, have I", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00733-00178117-00178441": "ever taken capital from someone where after the fact", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00734-00178451-00178671": "you realize, oh, crap, I don't actually", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00735-00178681-00178805": "want to work with this person?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00736-00178815-00179138": "And, how does the situation play out because you already", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00737-00179148-00179352": "have capital invested in them?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00738-00179362-00179602": "Yeah, he tried to send ours back about three times, I think,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00739-00179612-00179729": "it was.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00740-00179739-00179946": "And so we had to hire a lawyer and it got pretty nasty.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00741-00179956-00180046": "No.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00742-00180056-00180153": "I don't think you would participate", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00743-00180163-00180293": "in any of our rounds after the first one.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00744-00180303-00180373": "Well, they're out.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00745-00180383-00180660": "That was our old model.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00746-00180670-00181100": "We are fortunate that the amount of capital", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00747-00181110-00181294": "we are putting into a company, as", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00748-00181304-00181624": "a percentage of the entire fund, is pretty small it", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00749-00181634-00181828": "means usually less than 1%--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00750-00181838-00182018": "almost always less than 1%.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00751-00182028-00182295": "And so if things don't go well we", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00752-00182305-00182545": "can part ways and be OK with it.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00753-00182555-00183069": "We're never going to sue or try to fight legal--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00754-00183079-00183373": "you try to diligence a founder as best you can.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00755-00183383-00183550": "And you try to make sure that it is a match", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00756-00183560-00183786": "and you trust that they are going to do the right thing.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00757-00183796-00184037": "And if you find out that they didn't or that for some reason", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00758-00184047-00184244": "that's not working, we will, politely, say,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00759-00184254-00184500": "hey, we're happy to just forego our pro-rata rights.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00760-00184510-00184824": "And we wish you best of luck to continue raising capital", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00761-00184834-00185098": "from other investors, but clearly this relationship--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00762-00185108-00185301": "we're not being helpful to you or you're not", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00763-00185311-00185458": "receptive to that help.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00764-00185808-00185905": "Absolutely.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00765-00185915-00186155": "And with 250 investments there are certainly", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00766-00186165-00186416": "founders that we said, wow, that person didn't do what we", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00767-00186426-00186542": "thought they were going to do.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00768-00186552-00186663": "Or didn't behave in the way that we", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00769-00186673-00186756": "hoped they would have behaved.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00770-00186766-00186906": "Or there has been some signs that", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00771-00186916-00187050": "make us think that we probably shouldn't put", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00772-00187060-00187186": "more money in this business.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00773-00187196-00187580": "But, again, when you've only invested $500,000 or a million", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00774-00187590-00187904": "dollars it's a lot easier than if you are a later stage", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00775-00187914-00188157": "investor and you just wrote a $50 or $100 million check.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00776-00188167-00188294": "And then find out that--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00777-00188304-00188431": "how about you?", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00778-00188441-00188558": "I have not.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00779-00188568-00188741": "I think a lot of it is \"diligencing\" your investors,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00780-00188751-00188885": "and spending enough time with them,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00781-00188895-00189118": "and being super transparent about the business.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00782-00189128-00189345": "So luckily, so far, I have not had", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00783-00189355-00189719": "any sort of bad relationships or things that went south.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00784-00189729-00189769": "But--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00785-00189779-00189872": "It al--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00786-00189882-00189949": "--my breath is not the same as Kevin's.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00787-00189959-00190089": "I know we're out of time.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00788-00190099-00190250": "But it also helps when you have a company that many investors", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00789-00190260-00190440": "are trying to get into.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00790-00190450-00190767": "I think, when you have choice you can do that process.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00791-00190777-00190927": "I think, it becomes much more difficult", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00792-00190937-00191264": "when one investor is willing to actually take a shot on you", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00793-00191274-00191514": "and you don't seem to be feeling a great vibe.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00794-00191524-00191754": "But it's, well, I'm either going to have a business that's", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00795-00191764-00191901": "funded or not.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00796-00191911-00192158": "And those are the tough scenarios", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00797-00192168-00192482": "and if you can have choice among investors", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00798-00192492-00192722": "at each stage of your company, I think,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00799-00192732-00192986": "your likelihood of success goes up dramatically.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00800-00192996-00193136": "Because it gives you the opportunity", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00801-00193146-00193386": "to do some diligence or make an A versus B choice.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00802-00193396-00193610": "And not have to--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00803-00193620-00193756": "you're getting married-- especially", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00804-00193766-00194047": "if it's a person that's going to be on your board for 10 years,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00805-00194057-00194187": "potentially.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00806-00194197-00194510": "It's really hard to be in that position with someone", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00807-00194520-00194761": "that you don't necessarily get along with.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00808-00194771-00194944": "It's also, I think, why not just choosing", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00809-00194954-00195061": "to do a deal because it's an uncapped", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00810-00195071-00195191": "note if the valuations meaningfully higher", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00811-00195201-00195438": "than the others becomes more and more important.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00812-00195448-00195658": "I think, if you work with these folks for, hopefully,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00813-00195668-00195772": "a long time.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00814-00195782-00195989": "Do not try-- always the investor that say this--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00815-00195999-00196359": "do not try to optimize for the deal terms or the valuation.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00816-00196369-00196526": "If some relationship feels a lot better", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00817-00196536-00196766": "and they're offering you something a little bit", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00818-00196776-00196943": "less attractive monetarily, but it's", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00819-00196953-00197166": "a person that's going to be able to help your business", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00820-00197176-00197387": "or that, you think, you can scale with.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00821-00197397-00197547": "It's crazy to me when you find out--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00822-00197557-00197844": "and that's actually a big indicator,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00823-00197854-00197971": "a red flag for a founder--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00824-00197981-00198107": "you know you're the right person,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00825-00198117-00198318": "they've already told you you're the right person and because", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00826-00198328-00198458": "someone else--", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00827-00198468-00198965": "that may not for whatever reason came in with over the top offer", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00828-00198975-00199269": "and they choose that even though saying,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00829-00199279-00199459": "that's probably not the right VC for me,", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00830-00199469-00199616": "but the offer was so good.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00831-00199626-00199909": "And that's when you say, whew, I'm", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00832-00199919-00200106": "glad we didn't end up getting married", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00833-00200116-00200313": "because your incentives may not have been aligned.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00834-00200323-00200396": "Cool.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00835-00200406-00200493": "Thank you, very much everybody.", "n7ASAAyoo_E-00836-00200503-00200710": "Appreciate it."}}, {"audio_id": "n7T8VHOrw48", "text": {"n7T8VHOrw48-00000-00000107-00000572": "This is the first video in our new series on creativity for those with anxiety and ADHD.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00001-00000572-00000672": "In particular,", "n7T8VHOrw48-00002-00000672-00001234": "we’ll be discussing what you can do to literally flip the switch on your tendencies and use", "n7T8VHOrw48-00003-00001234-00001857": "them to your advantage as a sufferer of anxiety or ADHD.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00004-00002202-00002464": "Hi, I’m Lynette from PanicAttackRecovery.com.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00005-00002464-00002728": "We’re a collaboration of former sufferers", "n7T8VHOrw48-00006-00002728-00003092": "helping people with panic attacks, stress, anxiety,", "n7T8VHOrw48-00007-00003092-00003222": "depression, and ADHD.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00008-00003222-00003729": "As mentioned, we believe there are tendencies and characteristics shared between anxiety", "n7T8VHOrw48-00009-00003729-00004061": "and ADHD sufferers that if harnessed properly", "n7T8VHOrw48-00010-00004061-00004340": "could work to their advantage.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00011-00004340-00004708": "Anxiety and ADHD sufferers can often have creative traits.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00012-00004708-00005146": "The trick is to harness the obscure way that creative ideas come to us.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00013-00005146-00005998": "For example, such creativity can arise through our sensitivity, emotions, thoughts, inclinations/proclivities,", "n7T8VHOrw48-00014-00005998-00006165": "when we pay attention to them.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00015-00006165-00006761": "By using our ideas for something productive we can get a sense of satisfaction.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00016-00006761-00007472": "However, most importantly, the reason we may be having intense anxiety or frustration is", "n7T8VHOrw48-00017-00007472-00008029": "that we have certain talents and abilities (simply things we are good at) that are not", "n7T8VHOrw48-00018-00008029-00008250": "being put to use.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00019-00008250-00008698": "Reframing anxiety in a creative way allows us to have relief.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00020-00008698-00009194": "One of the most natural ways to harness creativity and, as a matter of fact, productivity in", "n7T8VHOrw48-00021-00009194-00009535": "your life is by using something called morning anxiety.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00022-00009535-00009834": "We previously completed a video on morning anxiety.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00023-00009834-00010479": "In addition to the steps shared in this video for dealing with morning anxiety you can learn", "n7T8VHOrw48-00024-00010479-00011235": "to flip the switch on your anxiety by recognizing it as actually a pathway to creativity.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00025-00011235-00011758": "When you awake in the morning you may find that your mind is running even before you", "n7T8VHOrw48-00026-00011758-00012093": "get out of bed and put your feet on floor.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00027-00012093-00012343": "You might have a number of racing thoughts.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00028-00012343-00012869": "The trick is to grab a notepad or any other input-device and write them down.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00029-00012869-00013362": "Don’t worry about how organized they are as you are writing them down.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00030-00013362-00013682": "Think of this like a brainstorming exercise.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00031-00013682-00014118": "Later on you will be able to organize this information and decide what’s important", "n7T8VHOrw48-00032-00014118-00014452": "and what you would like to act on.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00033-00014452-00014981": "You may find things coming to you, like reminders of deadlines, thinking of things you need", "n7T8VHOrw48-00034-00014981-00015440": "to do, or even ideas for solving a challenge relating to your work.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00035-00015440-00016097": "Keep in mind that the information will be quite raw at first but don’t get frustrated.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00036-00016097-00016551": "These ideas can happen anytime in the morning, not just when you wake-up.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00037-00016551-00017064": "But they often start when you first wake up.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00038-00017064-00017515": "And these thoughts really can serve a purpose.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00039-00017515-00017615": "In summary:", "n7T8VHOrw48-00040-00017615-00018054": "Doing something creative is as simple as just writing something down that comes to mind,", "n7T8VHOrw48-00041-00018054-00018473": "whether it be an idea or something you forgot to do, or should do,", "n7T8VHOrw48-00042-00018473-00018891": "or an idea related to your business, work or family.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00043-00018891-00019576": "Often you will be able to build on these ideas and you start to feel much better after writing", "n7T8VHOrw48-00044-00019576-00019751": "them down.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00045-00019751-00020134": "Mornings can often be a creative time for people.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00046-00020134-00020567": "This is a great way to reframe your morning anxiety.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00047-00020567-00020876": "We hope that you’ll give these suggestions a try.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00048-00020876-00021268": "We hope that you have enjoyed this latest video and look forward to presenting a new", "n7T8VHOrw48-00049-00021268-00021552": "video in our creativity series next week.", "n7T8VHOrw48-00050-00021552-00021826": "To make sure that you don’t miss out on any of our content,", "n7T8VHOrw48-00051-00021826-00022397": "please click on the card on the upper right corner of this video and subscribe to our", "n7T8VHOrw48-00052-00022397-00022468": "free newsletter."}}, {"audio_id": "n7VGcWJG-yU", "text": {"n7VGcWJG-yU-00000-00000111-00000546": "Maha Bali: Hi everyone, this is Maha Bali from the American University in Cairo with me is Jasmina", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00001-00000627-00000977": "Jasmina Najjar: Hi, I'm Jasmina Najjar. I'm from the American University of Beirut", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00002-00001071-00002016": "Maha Bali: And today we are going to show you a liberating structure called 15% solutions. Jasmina and I want to use it in a workshop. So we thought we'd also share it with you guys.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00003-00002130-00002487": "Maha Bali: With potential ways of using it in class", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00004-00002607-00002952": "Maha Bali: And so it's about discovering and focusing on what each person has the", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00005-00002952-00003981": "Maha Bali: freedom and responsibility to do. Like right now. I think when there are huge problems... It's really helpful to think about what can I actually do without additional resources or time and that I have control over.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00006-00004107-00004818": "Maha Bali: And it's again it's a liberating structure. This is the link to it if you want to read more about it and it's developed by Henri Lipmanowicz and", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00007-00004923-00005247": "Maha Bali: Keith McCandless and it's inspired by professor called Garreth Morgan.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00008-00005307-00006171": "Maha Bali: And the idea of it is the invitation is to ask people to think about a personal challenge or a team challenge depending on the... what, you know, the context.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00009-00006210-00006828": "Maha Bali: What is your 15%. Where do you have discretion and freedom to act and what can you do without more resources or authority.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00010-00006861-00007395": "Maha Bali: This makes a lot of sense in business context, I think, but in an educational context, Jasmina and I are thinking that", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00011-00007437-00008301": "Maha Bali: Either teachers can come together and thinking about a 15% solution to modify their course for next semester. So all of us are just ending a semester in the northern hemisphere at", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00012-00008301-00008351": "Jasmina Najjar: Least", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00013-00008352-00009570": "Maha Bali: And starting a new one and thinking about what is something that was really easy for me to do right now that I have the authority to do I'm allowed to do it. So, not for example crapping scrapping grades because you don't probably have the control to do that.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00014-00009591-00009768": "Maha Bali: But: Whatever things you do have control to do", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00015-00009966-00010386": "Maha Bali: And and it's not something that you need a lot of resources to do. That's the first idea.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00016-00010458-00011112": "Maha Bali: Another idea I think would be really useful is in the middle of the semester HAVING STUDENTS, THINK ABOUT A 15% solution to modify your course.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00017-00011139-00011829": "Maha Bali: So, I mean, sometimes when you get mid semester feedback from students, they want to change but the change isn't really easy to implement, and this is about helping them think through", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00018-00011862-00012483": "Maha Bali: What are some really small changes that if they made... if you made to your course it would help them learn better or enjoy the course more", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00019-00012519-00013152": "Maha Bali: And then the third one. And I think this one you can do it anytime with students is help them think about ways they can enhance their own learning", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00020-00013203-00014322": "Maha Bali: And then when they all do that and then they share... They get to learn from each other what each other's 15% solutions are so that it might actually inspire them to do them. So Jasmina and I are going to go through it now. And usually you would", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00021-00014472-00014919": "Maha Bali: Think about, you know, trying to think about a small change sparked by one person that would make a big result.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00022-00014949-00015804": "Maha Bali: When you're the teacher, it makes a big difference in your students when you're doing a multi section course. It might be a small thing that you suggest that everyone in that multi section course does", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00023-00015930-00017166": "Maha Bali: And you can either do a very quick way of in small groups let someone work on something alone for three minutes and then as a group, discuss what you bring and then debrief, or you can do it in a larger way.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00024-00017298-00017703": "Maha Bali: Because then group members can provide consultations to each other. I think", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00025-00017718-00017841": "Maha Bali: Let's not do the long way.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00026-00017907-00018018": "Maha Bali: Let's do the short way. Jasmina: Short and sweet", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00027-00018210-00019389": "Maha Bali: Yeah, so I've got slides here, and you would have as many slides that you have students where they write their name and start brainstorming their 15% solutions on their own and then we would just come back together and share and present back to", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00028-00019389-00019439": "Maha Bali: Each other.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00029-00019479-00019686": "Maha Bali: So Jasmina for now.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00030-00019881-00020118": "Maha Bali: Are you good to which... one would you like to answer.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00031-00020121-00020409": "Maha Bali: Like a 15% change you make your classes or", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00032-00020592-00020838": "Jasmina Najjar: I think to my classes.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00033-00020967-00021564": "Maha Bali: Okay, and then you can focus your challenge like for me. I think the challenge is, I want to reduce workload for myself and for", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00034-00021564-00021753": "Maha Bali: My students without losing any of the learning outcomes.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00035-00021879-00022077": "Maha Bali: So I'm going to focus on trying to do that.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00036-00022131-00022788": "Maha Bali: And so what I'm gonna do, I'm gonna mute myself. I'm going to start typing and I'm going to also show what you're typing at some point.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00037-00022968-00023373": "Jasmina Najjar: Am I gonna  be on top and you on the bottom or me at the bottom and you on top", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00038-00023379-00023778": "Maha Bali: haha Sure, whatever, that kind of has connotations. But yeah, I can do the slide 8 and you can do  slide 7", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00039-00023781-00023868": "Jasmina Najjar: alright", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00040-00024183-00024233": "Maha Bali: All right.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00041-00024459-00024509": "Jasmina Najjar: Let's do that", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00042-00041871-00041940": "Maha Bali: One more minute, Jasmina", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00043-00045885-00045935": "Jasmina Najjar: mmhm. Okay.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00044-00046131-00046275": "Maha Bali: Great. Okay.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00045-00046278-00046749": "Maha Bali: So now that each of us has written, do you want to go ahead and present yours.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00046-00046878-00048753": "Jasmina Najjar: Yes so, like in my case, I've never really been much of a fan of, you know, every single assignment, having a particular grade. And I've always been more in favor of, like, you know, assessing things through let's say an end of semester portfolio or opting for contract grading.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00047-00048867-00050880": "Jasmina Najjar: And at my institution. We have a rule that that say by, you know, mid semester, you have to present you have to give students x percent of their grade, which kind of makes it a little bit more problematic to like what for these different alternative assessment options so", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00048-00051012-00051866": "Jasmina Najjar: I was thinking that I could kind of get around that by, you know, like mid semester just giving students like a progress report and telling them.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00049-00051909-00052899": "Jasmina Najjar: Based on what you've been doing so far. You're expected grade is X, which can obviously change by the end of the semester, depending on your effort and your", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00050-00052950-00054369": "Jasmina Najjar: You know, and the work that you submit. I was also thinking I'm very much into taking a kind of multi modal approach. I teach writing academic writing and technical communication.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00051-00054486-00054617": "Jasmina Najjar: And I've", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00052-00054729-00055503": "Jasmina Najjar: I have to whether I like it or not, by the end of the semester you my students have to, you know, hand in", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00053-00055608-00056208": "Jasmina Najjar: A proper you know research paper with full citation and what have you.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00054-00056400-00056700": "Jasmina Najjar: So it has to be a traditional typed paper.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00055-00056829-00058604": "Jasmina Najjar: So I thought, What can I do to kind of include all of this multi modal goodness. So in my case, I thought yeah, I mean within my control. I have control over the lowest stakes assignments. So maybe instead of telling students to", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00056-00058716-00061251": "Jasmina Najjar: You know regularly submit what their research question is, let them present it in a podcast if let's say I want them you know to do that annotated bibliography maybe have them do it in a more visual manner. So there are ways of kind of including I think these multimodal you know approaches.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00057-00061362-00062115": "Jasmina Najjar: That kind of build up towards the research paper while sticking to the fact that I have to make sure they produce a research paper.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00058-00062436-00063312": "Maha Bali: I think that makes a lot of sense. And I think one of the things people forget when we teach students about research papers is that yes people do research papers and they present them in", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00059-00063312-00063530": "Maha Bali: Conferences or then they make a documentary", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00060-00063530-00064101": "Maha Bali: On like there's there's so much else you want out of a research paper, other than the written part we don't teach the other parts so much.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00062-00064735-00064785": "Jasmina Najjar: Yeah.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00063-00064785-00065613": "Maha Bali: It'll get it more read or more, you know, the knowledge and it will spread faster if you're offering in any other format and all these famous people who write books and they do podcasts, about the way or the, you know, that kind of makes a lot of sense to", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00064-00065616-00065886": "Jasmina Najjar: reach you, and even mind mapping. I mean, there's so much that", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00065-00065976-00066168": "Maha Bali: Literature, like with this the part that you can do with it", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00066-00066168-00067056": "Maha Bali: Like with literature... that part where you were saying about bibliography. You can do a mind map of that and that could actually make a lot of sense. And I'm actually going to help them towards the like the process itself doesn't have to be.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00067-00067179-00067245": "Maha Bali: It makes a lot of sense", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00068-00067284-00067386": "Maha Bali: Because it is not always linear.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00069-00067434-00067671": "Maha Bali: I'll go back and ask you about contract grading. After we finish.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00070-00067857-00068163": "Maha Bali: Alright. So my challenge was mainly I", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00071-00068163-00068547": "Maha Bali: Want a 15% solution that reduces workload for me and for students and", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00072-00068553-00069462": "Maha Bali: Some of the things I think I'll do is one of the things that really bothers me with student reflection is I try to explain to them the idea of reflecting on what they learn and", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00073-00069504-00070854": "Maha Bali: How to apply it and so what they would do differently and so on. But a lot of times, and I don't give them a word counts up. So what ends up happening sometimes is that they think that if they write more it's going to be better if you just write a lot of crap.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00074-00070965-00071958": "Maha Bali: Like just fillers fillers and so I thought of this thing where I I get them. Well, I'm calling hundred word stories. This is one of my friends does a lot of this and there's few people who do these things.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00075-00072033-00072648": "Maha Bali: First of all, calling it a story reminds them and it has to be personal. A little bit. So it's not about writing in academic ways", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00076-00072654-00072789": "Maha Bali: Their blogging it and they're", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00077-00072792-00072912": "writing their own story.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00078-00073050-00073713": "Maha Bali: But if they have 100 word limit. I'm thinking they're going to focus. And also, whatever it is, even if it is", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00079-00073722-00074010": "Maha Bali: Not very focused, or whatever. I just have to read 100 words.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00080-00074052-00074664": "Maha Bali: And you can read so many more. And so much faster. And then it might encourage them to read each other's I'm just realizing that now they say this", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00081-00074724-00075264": "Maha Bali: They might read each other's more often, it might be easier to say, go read a couple people's blogs, because you know they're only hundred words, each", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00082-00075417-00075741": "Jasmina Najjar: Even, it's a great way to teach them how to summarize, their thoughts", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00083-00075753-00075951": "Maha Bali: That's true. Great point", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00084-00076206-00076992": "Maha Bali: It has a lot of benefits actually more than I imagined when I first wrote it... and then the other thing that I could do sometimes when something doesn't really lend itself to storying...", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00085-00077043-00078141": "Maha Bali: instead of asking them to write the reflection free form, I could ask them to do like a minute paper, take it through a Google form, so the minute paper's just what's the most important thing you learned", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00086-00078201-00079248": "Maha Bali: What questions remain in your mind. And that's often what I want to know if it's just one of those things. And then they submit it, either like at the beginning of a class or just before class starts and I think", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00087-00079290-00080427": "Maha Bali: Having it submitted at the beginning of the class will feel like less of an assignment to them, even though it's actually the same thing. And I could give it to them earlier if someone wants to take more time to fill it, but it's due like five minutes after class starts", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00088-00080493-00081234": "Maha Bali: And so that, that gives me a quick overview of where they are, but also feels like less for them. And it's all in one place, which is that Google form.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00089-00081297-00082104": "Maha Bali: And so I think that might, but I always feel like I want to add a question to the minute papers that's different from just these two questions. I think it's fine. So it's a five minute paper, whatever.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00090-00082152-00082977": "Maha Bali: But still, like, I hope that will feel like just I think even calling it like a five minute paper will feel like it's not a lot of work, whereas sometimes", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00091-00083085-00084015": "Maha Bali: Something does need more time from students, and then I can tell they've done it in five minutes, and that's not good. And so this is kind of like a signal to them, that this is the kind of thing where you don't have to take a lot of time to", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00092-00084015-00084065": "Answer it.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00093-00084108-00084591": "Maha Bali: But hopefully, they've taken the time to read or watch the video or whatever I've assigned them.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00094-00084891-00085626": "Maha Bali: So those are my ideas. I think I think this could have a lot of benefit. I think when faculty do it together like to get ideas from each other.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00095-00085764-00086301": "Jasmina Najjar: Definitely there's there's a lot to be gained when people exchange ideas, that's for sure.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00096-00086409-00087255": "Maha Bali: And I'm sure if students start thinking about, I think the kinds of things, they're struggling with, with a pandemic, like how to motivate themselves how to handle deadlines and how to handle the workload.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00097-00087285-00088077": "Maha Bali: And I've seen some things my students and I talk about these things. And sometimes they come up with things that are really helpful things like just know if you can go outdoors, a little bit.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00098-00088140-00089526": "Maha Bali: Do some of your classes outdoors, or you just get dressed in the morning. the kind of difference that it makes, or rewarding yourself with like a phone call to a friend or things like that, that they they come up with themselves can be really helpful to other people as well.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00099-00089901-00090018": "Maha Bali: Yeah, I think we've", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00100-00090045-00090210": "Maha Bali: Sort of harvested some ideas.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00101-00090234-00091473": "Maha Bali: I think if we had a shared project, like we were all teaching a multi section course we could all agree. Oh, these three ideas are the ones we're all going to try. For example, but obviously if people are just doing individual stuff then they can just make those individual decisions", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00102-00091500-00091599": "together.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00103-00091680-00092319": "Maha Bali: Then there's this slide that says a small changes by individual could potentially park a big result because the individual doesn't always have to be you.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00104-00092370-00092556": "Could be someone else and suggested it but it's", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00105-00092715-00093321": "Maha Bali: Do you have any other reflections on this other ways you could use this or what you could do it differently.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00106-00093456-00094560": "Jasmina Najjar: So I see that this could potentially be used alongside maybe Troika or Wise Crowds. I can definitely you know see that happening.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00107-00094782-00095382": "Jasmina Najjar: And as you mentioned, I mean it is definitely.. I think... like my students do a lot of group work.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00108-00095433-00097116": "Jasmina Najjar: And I think they can probably benefit. Like if they're having a problem with the group dynamic or whatever maybe taking a step back and trying this 15% you know solution sort of approach to kind of iron out you know what other issues they're having with their group work.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00109-00097263-00097416": "Jasmina Najjar: Or their research challenges, even.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00110-00097578-00097968": "Maha Bali: Makes a lot of sense. For me, I just sometimes don't stop and think of what's something quick that I could", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00111-00097968-00098037": "Maha Bali: Do that my help.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00112-00098202-00098742": "Maha Bali: I worry a little bit that some things might be more structural issues. I'm trying to give", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00113-00098751-00099510": "Maha Bali: 15% solution might be like sort of glossing over it, but at the same time. I'm also the kind of person who", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00114-00099519-00099660": "Likes to take action quickly.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00115-00099726-00100290": "Maha Bali: And so I think it matters that you start off and doesn't mean that you never go back and do some other Liberating Structure.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00116-00100290-00100509": "Maha Bali: Or some other way of thinking through a problem more deeply", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00117-00100584-00100668": "Jasmina Najjar: Indeed", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00118-00100770-00100833": "Maha Bali: This, this is", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00119-00100836-00101571": "Maha Bali: I think. Sorry, I'm just getting something going because I think a lot of times I was overwhelmed by all the problems and", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00120-00101649-00101802": "Maha Bali: None of the solutions are gonna work.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00121-00101832-00102030": "I'm sure the", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00122-00102096-00102789": "Jasmina Najjar: Yeah. And I also think that many of us, we feel that we have so many maybe restrictions on that, see how we can approach our courses or", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00123-00102816-00103482": "Jasmina Najjar: What we need to achieve or or even students. They feel that they have no freedom and they have no ownership.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00124-00103545-00105000": "Jasmina Najjar: Over certain things. And I, and I feel even I mean just the concept of telling people within your resources within your power there is actually a lot that you can achieve. I think it sends a very positive and constructive kind of message.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00125-00105078-00105369": "Maha Bali: Right. So recognizing what power you have", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00126-00105410-00105500": "Jasmina Najjar: Indeed,", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00127-00105500-00105594": "Maha Bali: and how you can ....", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00128-00105627-00106227": "Maha Bali: That's really true because sometimes there are solutions that don't involve you but there might be other solutions that are smaller than you could do.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00129-00106272-00106464": "Maha Bali: I mean like what you were saying about", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00130-00106503-00107261": "Maha Bali: The grading thing is, you still have to give that mid semester great thing, but you're not, you're not going to count it, you're going to do it in some other ways, a progress report.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00131-00107301-00107949": "Maha Bali: Make sure students know where they stand, but not in the way that your institution, probably not just that you're doing. I do something kind of similar.", "n7VGcWJG-yU-00132-00108096-00108573": "Maha Bali: Okay, I'm going to stop this video and we'll leave the resources, along with this activity."}}, {"audio_id": "n7WmIonYeYI", "text": {"n7WmIonYeYI-00000-00000190-00000584": "Distributed leadership. What makes it so special?", "n7WmIonYeYI-00001-00000642-00000918": "We deal with leadership on a daily basis", "n7WmIonYeYI-00002-00000922-00001332": "whether it is in the role of leader or in the role of follower.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00003-00001332-00001750": "That's why it's worth discussing the topic in more detail.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00004-00001789-00002005": "The theory goes as follows:", "n7WmIonYeYI-00005-00002012-00002276": "Broadly speaking we have two visions:", "n7WmIonYeYI-00006-00002276-00002648": "on the one hand, we have positional leadership", "n7WmIonYeYI-00007-00002966-00003365": "and, on the other hand, we talk about distributed leadership.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00008-00003529-00003876": "Of course there are many other phrases in use,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00009-00003876-00004522": "but these can be appropriately placed in one of these two main categories.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00010-00004578-00004844": "Let us start with the more conventional view:", "n7WmIonYeYI-00011-00004844-00005038": "positional leadership.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00012-00005240-00005524": "In this vision there is one leader:", "n7WmIonYeYI-00013-00005526-00005950": "a heroic figure who ensures direction,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00014-00005950-00006366": "stability, and security for the followers.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00015-00006366-00006822": "Exerting leadership occurs by means of a formal position:", "n7WmIonYeYI-00016-00006822-00007290": "that of a CEO, a manager, or a team leader.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00017-00007344-00007706": "This process is accompanied by a clear hierarchy", "n7WmIonYeYI-00018-00007706-00008081": "that ensures that the leader can steer,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00019-00008081-00008208": "control,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00020-00008208-00008310": "check,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00021-00008310-00008406": "monitor,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00022-00008406-00008680": "and - where necessary - even punish.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00023-00008802-00009054": "The work is regulated,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00024-00009054-00009532": "and the formal position offers a clear legitimacy for leadership.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00025-00009618-00009904": "The leader represents the authority", "n7WmIonYeYI-00026-00009904-00010134": "and makes final decisions", "n7WmIonYeYI-00027-00010134-00010464": "The employees follow and are subordinate.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00028-00010486-00010938": "Distributed leadership, however, offers a more flexible model.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00029-00010938-00011274": "Not only the formal leader exerts influence;", "n7WmIonYeYI-00030-00011274-00011518": "in principle, everyone does.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00031-00011880-00012244": "Not everyone is a leader at the same time.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00032-00012302-00012846": "Members exert influence when they have the specific expertise or experience", "n7WmIonYeYI-00033-00012846-00013416": "that is required for a specific task or problem in a given situation.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00034-00013416-00013890": "This can only happen when the members have a clear understanding of", "n7WmIonYeYI-00035-00013890-00014324": "each other's skills and capabilities - and ambitions.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00036-00014324-00014697": "Consequently, someone can claim leadership", "n7WmIonYeYI-00037-00014697-00015052": "and colleagues then also grant each other this role", "n7WmIonYeYI-00038-00015052-00015354": "and accept this person's guidance.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00039-00015354-00016018": "This flexible model does require members to be able to both lead and follow", "n7WmIonYeYI-00040-00016018-00016347": "and that they support each other in their work.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00041-00016586-00017110": "Everyone is expected to take initiative and to take on leadership.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00042-00017164-00017848": "As experience and expertise are such critical ingredients of distributed leadership", "n7WmIonYeYI-00043-00017848-00018214": "all members need to keep developing themselves", "n7WmIonYeYI-00044-00018214-00018560": "and continue to make an effort to learn.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00045-00018608-00018884": "It looks like it will take a while before", "n7WmIonYeYI-00046-00018884-00019252": "our organisations have completed their work.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00047-00019316-00019934": "In the meanwhile, we can delve a bit deeper in the theory of leadership.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00048-00020138-00020520": "Now that we have seen our two organisations at work,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00049-00020520-00020738": "it's a good idea to have a closer look", "n7WmIonYeYI-00050-00020738-00021006": "at their \"professional space.\"", "n7WmIonYeYI-00051-00021172-00021702": "Professional space is the space that every employee has", "n7WmIonYeYI-00052-00021702-00021900": "and every professional needs", "n7WmIonYeYI-00053-00021900-00022446": "to exert influence on the workflows and the setups.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00054-00022456-00023158": "Both leadership visions offer approximately the same amount of Professional Space,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00055-00023158-00023520": "but it becomes interesting to see when we take a look", "n7WmIonYeYI-00056-00023520-00023972": "at who is responsible for that professional space.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00057-00023972-00024750": "Is it the formal leader, who know best what is needed and what needs to happen,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00058-00024750-00025034": "or is it the professional themselves?", "n7WmIonYeYI-00059-00025138-00025695": "In any case, let us take a look what our builders have been up to now.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00060-00026080-00026389": "Wow, such beautiful creations!", "n7WmIonYeYI-00061-00026389-00026710": "Let us take a look at the results.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00062-00026800-00027348": "We see the green, positional team worked a bit more efficiently.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00063-00027348-00027789": "They did indeed have a very well-trained leader.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00064-00027864-00028289": "But, if we look at the blue, distributed team", "n7WmIonYeYI-00065-00028289-00028886": "then we see that they have paid more attention to an innovative execution.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00066-00028888-00029322": "They used their expertise optimally and worked on new solutions.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00067-00029512-00030032": "As they could exert more influence on the execution of the project", "n7WmIonYeYI-00068-00030032-00030408": "they have also gained more experience.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00069-00030408-00030792": "They will be able to use this experience and their newly acquired skills", "n7WmIonYeYI-00070-00030792-00031064": "again in future projects.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00071-00031183-00031504": "In the successful positional model,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00072-00031504-00031983": "it is the manager who will most significantly improve.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00073-00031983-00032464": "Here you will already notice a subtle distinction between", "n7WmIonYeYI-00074-00032464-00032760": "on the one hand, the performance paradigm,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00075-00032760-00033104": "and the development paradigm.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00076-00033184-00033496": "Both are definitely worthwhile,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00077-00033496-00033920": "but their foci are different.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00078-00034040-00034360": "In the last couple of years we are beginning to see that", "n7WmIonYeYI-00079-00034360-00034888": "there are more organisations leaving classical hierarchies", "n7WmIonYeYI-00080-00034888-00035520": "and are developing on the basis of networks and flexible connections.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00081-00035608-00036056": "The leader as a heroic figure will without doubt remain,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00082-00036056-00036496": "especially when they act as a transformational leader.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00083-00036528-00037040": "A transformational leader is a positional leader with an inspiring vision,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00084-00037040-00037280": "who stimulates with substance,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00085-00037280-00037664": "and show personal consideration to each employee.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00086-00037856-00038336": "We see that modern organisations need to become increasingly smart", "n7WmIonYeYI-00087-00038336-00038616": "to substantiate sustainable development.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00088-00038616-00038904": "This does not only apply to their managers,", "n7WmIonYeYI-00089-00038904-00039104": "but to all employees.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00090-00039104-00039576": "That is why the ability to continually learn and develop", "n7WmIonYeYI-00091-00039576-00039848": "in and around the day-to-day work environment", "n7WmIonYeYI-00092-00039848-00040160": "becomes a crucial requirement for success.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00093-00040160-00040768": "In that light, it's interesting and exciting to see how leadership develops itself", "n7WmIonYeYI-00094-00040768-00041160": "from positional to distributed.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00095-00041208-00041480": "And in that learning process the distinctions", "n7WmIonYeYI-00096-00041480-00041800": "between the performance and development paradigms", "n7WmIonYeYI-00097-00041800-00042096": "appear to be slowly blurring.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00098-00042112-00042552": "Now then: what is so special about distributed leadership?", "n7WmIonYeYI-00099-00042552-00043272": "In any case, it offers the professional space for everyone to learn and to develop.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00100-00043272-00043992": "However, as an employee you do have to take initiative", "n7WmIonYeYI-00101-00043992-00044544": "and have the courage to exert leadership.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00102-00044792-00045210": "Your specific set of capabilities is probably", "n7WmIonYeYI-00103-00045212-00045594": "the most important vehicle for doing so.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00104-00045888-00046280": "It has been very pleasant to have had you here.", "n7WmIonYeYI-00105-00046280-00046648": "Now, I will continue my experiments", "n7WmIonYeYI-00106-00046648-00047096": "and hopefully, we will meet next time."}}, {"audio_id": "n7ZG_eSoafg", "text": {"n7ZG_eSoafg-00000-00000042-00000354": "Hi Guys, we are the sisters from kazincredible", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00001-00000390-00000702": "Mira: we are Mira", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00002-00000742-00000877": "Helin: and I am Helin", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00003-00000950-00001390": "Mira: Today we will watch Tik Tok videos but we dont know which ones", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00004-00001404-00001686": "Helin: But we love TikTok", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00005-00001700-00001966": "Mira: We are doing TikTok Videos", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00006-00002007-00002282": "Mira: i would say, lets go", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00007-00005624-00005792": "Helin: that looks creepy", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00008-00007830-00008142": "Helin: that was so creepy Mira: This was so good", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00009-00008234-00008704": "Mira: and I would give 10 Points", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00010-00008800-00009016": "Mira: That video was really good", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00011-00011732-00011884": "Mira: yes, this is good", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00012-00012454-00012574": "Mira: more creepy", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00013-00013710-00014004": "Helin: that looks not easy Mira: Ok, i would say ...", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00014-00014004-00014186": "Helin: give them 10 points again", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00015-00014186-00014276": "Mira: yeah, 10 points", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00016-00014336-00014882": "Mira: because the girl has performed it really good", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00017-00014938-00015138": "Mira: and her make up was great", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00018-00015138-00015300": "Helin: really beautiful", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00019-00015300-00015478": "Mira: yeah that is why I gave 10 points", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00020-00020722-00020922": "Helin: this was really creepy", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00021-00020998-00021214": "Helin: ok this was really creepy", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00022-00021424-00021816": "mira: the beginning was cute and then beautifully dressed", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00023-00022046-00022246": "Mira: and then it was so creepy", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00024-00022246-00022526": "mira: so beautiful - this deserves 10 points - How can people make this ???", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00025-00022686-00022806": "Mira: the next one", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00026-00028283-00029132": "Mira: First I thought she will just sing it and dance it.", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00027-00029132-00029545": "Helin: I thought the same but then she started to make up so creepy", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00028-00029677-00030354": "Mira: yeah she had white contact lenses and then nose and the make up was so creepy", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00029-00030433-00030642": "mira: i was scared but 10 points", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00030-00030692-00030772": "helin: yeah", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00031-00034550-00034928": "Mira: Ok this was good and the most creepiest", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00032-00034950-00035352": "Helin: I would give 20 points but", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00033-00035352-00035488": "mira: this was really so good", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00034-00035540-00036620": "Mira: I liked it so much and how she performed it. and with her hands and make up", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00035-00036620-00036702": "Helin: like this", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00036-00037038-00037342": "mira: 20 points I would give but well 10 points", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00037-00041166-00041334": "Helin. this was so creepy", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00038-00041334-00041836": "Helin: I didnt recognized how they do the make up and this is really so coooool", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00039-00041934-00042486": "Mira: They made it so pale and than they do a little bit black and black lips and signs", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00040-00042534-00042856": "Mira: so good - 10 points", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00041-00042876-00043172": "mira: We are giving for every video 10 points", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00042-00045446-00045622": "Helin: ok this was nice", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00043-00045622-00045962": "Mira: I would give 9 Points", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00044-00045976-00046160": "helin: i will give 10 points", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00045-00046168-00046770": "Mira: i give 9 points because the performance was not my favorite one", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00046-00046788-00047092": "Mira: I think that this song fits more to girls", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00047-00047298-00047410": "Helin: I liked it", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00048-00050274-00050506": "helin: I didnt like it at all", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00049-00050568-00050886": "Helin: It was not that creepy", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00050-00051086-00052266": "Helin: this was not so good - We tried to do something similar and many other did this too - that was not new for us", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00051-00052324-00052491": "Mira: I will give 8 Points", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00052-00052529-00053066": "Mira: Everyone had signs on the face - i dont know which language this is", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00053-00053220-00053412": "Mira:she was not that creepy", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00054-00053874-00054026": "Mira: ill give 8 points", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00055-00054044-00054124": "Helin: same", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00056-00059124-00059300": "Helin: I will give 4 points", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00057-00059544-00059712": "Mira: I will give 7 points", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00058-00059712-00059846": "Helin: i didint like that", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00059-00060262-00060774": "Mira: He did something different than the others and I was not  a big fan of that", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00060-00060867-00061060": "Mira: but his make up was good", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00061-00061108-00061228": "Mira: really good", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00062-00061266-00061786": "Mira: I didnt know that Men can do so good make up", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00063-00061850-00062829": "Helin:  I didnt like it because it was too dark and the dance", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00064-00063122-00063602": "Helin: I liked the other videos more than this", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00065-00063686-00064005": "Helin: I think the next video will be Blackpink ?", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00066-00064014-00064904": "Mira: If you enjoyed this video please like this video Helin: Like this video and subscribe it", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00067-00064928-00065246": "Mira: Have fun guys, bye", "n7ZG_eSoafg-00068-00065305-00065394": "Helin: byeee"}}, {"audio_id": "n85ztguD7oA", "text": {"n85ztguD7oA-00000-00000000-00000501": "Welcome to my video", "n85ztguD7oA-00001-00000505-00001000": "Thank you for this video view", "n85ztguD7oA-00002-00001000-00001508": "Like, sub, share, support my channel.", "n85ztguD7oA-00003-00001516-00002000": "Thank you very much"}}, {"audio_id": "n8kIp0Db_3E", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "n8lapdPUfSu", "text": {"n8lapdPUfSu-00000-00000007-00000114": "Hello Peoples!", "n8lapdPUfSu-00001-00000114-00000214": "CaliMeatWagon here.", "n8lapdPUfSu-00002-00000214-00000727": "With a quick video to wish you a Merry Halloween and to remind you to get your Bigfoot costumes", "n8lapdPUfSu-00003-00000727-00000827": "today.", "n8lapdPUfSu-00004-00000827-00001359": "Just log into GTA: Online and you should get a notification indicating it has been awarded.", "n8lapdPUfSu-00005-00001359-00001848": "To equip it, visit a store, or a closet, and look for it in the “Special” section of", "n8lapdPUfSu-00006-00001848-00001971": "“Outfits”.", "n8lapdPUfSu-00007-00001971-00002150": "Now you can sasquatch it up.", "n8lapdPUfSu-00008-00002150-00002565": "Also, don’t forget to take photos of the UFO’s, if you haven’t already.", "n8lapdPUfSu-00009-00002565-00002986": "Each photo is worth $15K and there are 14 in total.", "n8lapdPUfSu-00010-00002986-00003277": "That is an easy $210,000.", "n8lapdPUfSu-00011-00003277-00003725": "And, if you get abducted, you’ll get free underwear.", "n8lapdPUfSu-00012-00003725-00004072": "Alrighty Peoples, if you have any questions, feel free to ask in the comments below.", "n8lapdPUfSu-00013-00004072-00004464": "But that’s it for this video, thank you for watching, and don’t forget to subscribe", "n8lapdPUfSu-00014-00004464-00004520": "for the next one."}}, {"audio_id": "n8xfDGyhyeg", "text": {"n8xfDGyhyeg-00000-00000000-00000969": "SCP-512 gravity-nullifying umbrella object class safe", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00001-00001080-00001346": "Item #: SCP-512", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00002-00001346-00001446": "Object Class: Safe", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00003-00001446-00002128": "Special Containment Procedures: SCP-512 is held within the Site-77 Safe object repository.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00004-00002128-00002700": "It is to be shut at all times, and testing during adverse weather conditions is forbidden.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00005-00002700-00003171": "All outdoor testing proposals must be reviewed by Security Chief Anderson.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00006-00003171-00003939": "Description: SCP-512 is a stainless steel black umbrella with a nylon canopy and polished", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00007-00003939-00004119": "ebony crook handle.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00008-00004119-00004546": "Maximum radius of canopy when open is 0.75 m.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00009-00004546-00004742": "Make and manufacture are unknown.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00010-00004742-00005168": "A taped patch is visible on the canopy section.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00011-00005168-00005669": "When open and pointed upward, SCP-512 exerts an upwards force in opposition to Earth's", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00012-00005669-00006237": "gravity, in a roughly dome-shaped area directly above itself, with a cross-sectional area", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00013-00006237-00006620": "of roughly 1.77m2.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00014-00006620-00007086": "Precipitation and other objects will be suspended and deflected within this area of effect.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00015-00007086-00007740": "SCP-512 has no effect when closed, or when held at a horizontal angle.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00016-00007740-00008192": "Despite SCP-512's efficacy against normal precipitation, it is inadvisable to use the", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00017-00008192-00008542": "object during severe weather.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00018-00008542-00008997": "Through an as-yet-unknown process, the item's anomalous effect causes the air above it to", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00019-00008997-00009211": "become extremely ionized.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00020-00009211-00009676": "This interaction also causes electrical current to greatly increase in amperage while in direct", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00021-00009676-00009828": "contact with the item.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00022-00009828-00010256": "This causes the threat of direct lightning strikes to become exceptionally dangerous", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00023-00010256-00010824": "to any individual holding SCP-512, as evidenced through the death of its original owner, as", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00024-00010824-00010924": "well as D-512-33.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00025-00010924-00011814": "Additionally, electrical current appears to travel across the surface of SCP-512, causing", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00026-00011814-00012135": "little to no damage to the item's structure.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00027-00012135-00012711": "SCP-512 was recovered from a public park in [REDACTED], FL.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00028-00012711-00013134": "Local emergency services had been summoned to evacuate the area due to reports of unusual", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00029-00013134-00013286": "lightning strikes.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00030-00013286-00013906": "SCP-512 was discovered caught on a streetlamp and fully opened, with evidence of several", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00031-00013906-00014162": "lightning strikes in the immediate area.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00032-00014162-00014390": "Its handle was noted to be covered in ash.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00033-00014390-00014945": "Foundation personnel intervened after local newspapers began reporting on SCP-512's anomalous", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00034-00014945-00015116": "properties.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00035-00015116-00015397": "Addendum: Testing Summary", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00036-00015397-00016022": "Upon recovery SCP-512 underwent standard testing, through which its properties were determined.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00037-00016022-00016609": "A range of items were held 4 meters above SCP-512 and then dropped, after which a mechanical", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00038-00016609-00016965": "apparatus would open SCP-512.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00039-00016965-00017179": "Tested items include the following:", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00040-00017179-00017564": "1 liter of purified water, dumped from a standard bucket", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00041-00017564-00018212": "1 liter of orange juice from concentrate approximately 1 kilogram of loose feathers", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00042-00018212-00018864": "1 kilogram of ice cubes The assorted contents of Junior Researcher", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00043-00018864-00019340": "Renfield's bagged lunch A standard running shoe", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00044-00019340-00019654": "A standard watermelon SCP-1108", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00045-00019654-00020639": "A 5.4-kilogram bowling ball A 40-kilogram steel containment crate", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00046-00020639-00021178": "Testing materials slowed in descent approximately .5 seconds after SCP-512 opened, with the", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00047-00021178-00021909": "larger and less solid items coming to a stop approximately .35 meters from SCP-512's surface.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00048-00021909-00022287": "All material will remain suspended in the air, unless made to slide to one side and", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00049-00022287-00022460": "resume freefall.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00050-00022460-00022868": "Liquids and particulate matter are weakly repelled from the center of the effect, while", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00051-00022868-00023505": "more solid objects can be held in place with minor adjustments to SCP-512's angle.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00052-00023505-00023943": "Addendum: Experiment D-512-33", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00053-00023943-00024201": "Testing Item: D-Class personnel", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00054-00024201-00024783": "Testing procedure: Object taken to Site-77 outdoors field for testing of the vertical", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00055-00024783-00025032": "distance of the anti-gravity effect.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00056-00025032-00025601": "An unexpected severe storm occurred during testing, and the rain-repelling properties", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00057-00025601-00026047": "of SCP-512 coupled with exceptionally low pressure caused a suction effect in the region", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00058-00026047-00026269": "directly above the object.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00059-00026269-00027037": "SCP-512 pulled the D-class (D-512-33) holding it upward into the air and drifted on prevailing", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00060-00027037-00027137": "wind currents.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00061-00027137-00027895": "D-512-33 was able to hold onto SCP-512 as it rapidly gained altitude.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00062-00027895-00028514": "D-512-33 glided over Site-77 perimeter and into the surrounding area.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00063-00028514-00029130": "It was observed that D-512-33 quickly developed skill in altering angle of anti-gravity effect", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00064-00029130-00029362": "to allow for semi-controlled flight.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00065-00029362-00029920": "A helicopter was launched to pursue object and D-512-33.", "n8xfDGyhyeg-00066-00029920-00030511": "The object was recaptured following a lightning strike; D-512-33's remains were not recovered."}}, {"audio_id": "n8L-A0RVJbQ", "text": {"n8L-A0RVJbQ-00000-00000656-00001184": "Hello everyone. I'm Brian Lutchmiah - NADP chair", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00001-00001184-00001888": "I just wanted to record a short message to all of the membership. So forgive", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00002-00001888-00002224": "me, for perhaps the next few minutes, but do", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00003-00002224-00002888": "bear with me because I want to be serious. I want to", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00004-00002888-00003184": "be", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00005-00006455-00006872": "thoughtful, reflective,", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00006-00006952-00007440": "and right now, self-aware. You may have already noticed, we've been", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00007-00007440-00007904": "six weeks in lockdown. I have attempted to grow my hair and I", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00008-00007904-00008688": "think i'm doing pretty... pretty good so feel free feel to beg to differ", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00009-00008688-00009120": "but I'm quite happy with this haircut for the minute. What I will say is, for the", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00010-00009120-00009768": "forthcoming bits, forgive any continuity errors.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00011-00009768-00010120": "So I'm going to start with: it's a tough time for all", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00012-00010120-00010632": "and, notwithstanding personal circumstances, our professional", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00013-00010632-00011207": "working practices, and thinking about how we marry all of those", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00014-00011207-00011504": "things together and some of the pressures with life at home", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00015-00011504-00011879": "and trust me there are", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00016-00011879-00012120": "[kids arguing in background]", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00017-00012296-00012552": "Stop it!", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00018-00012600-00012936": "Right, you lot, pack it in.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00019-00012936-00013472": "And so to the sector, as universities and HEIs and FE colleges and secondary schools are", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00020-00013472-00013895": "all going through the same process thinking about what is going to happen", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00021-00013895-00014376": "for the next academic year; some of the answers that will i'm sure", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00022-00014376-00014656": "gain ground and clarity as we head towards", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00023-00014656-00015063": "September and give institutions time to prepare and", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00024-00015063-00015384": "anticipate what the needs might be. Whether that's through", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00025-00015384-00015847": "remote deliveries, as it is now, or moving into a transitional phase", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00026-00015847-00016376": "as restrictions may ease. It is also presupposition at this point", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00027-00016376-00016936": "and I'm conscious particularly of our work with disabled students", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00028-00016936-00017423": "So the work that we do is so varied. It really is so varied when I think about", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00029-00017423-00018072": "the start of the student journey; whether that's from assessment,", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00030-00018104-00018464": "applying for DSAs, through to implementation ,delivery of", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00031-00018464-00019192": "of specialist support within educational settings. Whether that's in FE or HE.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00032-00019192-00019623": "Graduation or completion of qualifications and then moving forward.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00033-00019623-00020423": "The ethos around social model of disability has to", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00034-00020423-00020695": "be core in all of our thinking particularly at", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00035-00020695-00021023": "this time When i sat down and really thought about", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00036-00021023-00021423": "what the impact is for students, existing students, but also students", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00037-00021423-00021848": "coming in to Further or Higher Education in this", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00038-00021848-00022312": "instance. There's a lot of transition to make.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00039-00022312-00022728": "There's a lot of challenges for individuals, disability withstanding or", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00040-00022728-00023295": "not, in making that step forward into college", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00041-00023295-00023751": "or university life. Now for disabled students and students,", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00042-00023751-00024095": "for example, who  may have a mental health condition or", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00043-00024095-00024568": "have a a complex need,", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00044-00024568-00025040": "through multiple disabilities, long-term health conditions,", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00045-00025040-00025735": "mental health support needs etc. This is key and", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00046-00025735-00026127": "core and I'm pretty sure that in terms of the work that you might be doing and", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00047-00026127-00026504": "some of the contact you've had with the students that you're engaged", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00048-00026504-00026880": "with; these are anxieties that you may have", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00049-00026880-00027375": "come across. May come across or actually may not", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00050-00027375-00028016": "actually come to you In your capacity  In my role as chair,", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00051-00028016-00028488": "I am obviously involved deeply with the Disabled", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00052-00028488-00029208": "Student Stakeholder Group meetings and the current situation that's", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00053-00029208-00029472": "resulting", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00054-00029472-00030152": "from the Coronavirus pandemic is particularly around SPLD remote", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00055-00030152-00030495": "assessments. Now at the time of recording this, that's", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00056-00030495-00030768": "still needing to be fully clarified in terms", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00057-00030768-00031263": "of the positioning from SLC but we also know that there is a strong", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00058-00031263-00031800": "voice from the sector, including ours and other partner stakeholder organisations,", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00059-00031800-00032216": "to ensure that the outcomes for practitioners and, most importantly,", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00060-00032216-00032616": "students are there in our thinking.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00061-00032616-00033184": "With the concerns,thinking ahead, we will work through that together and you have", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00062-00033184-00033568": "my word and the word of the Board and the NADP", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00063-00033568-00034144": "office, in terms of what we will continue to do, what we will continue to", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00064-00034144-00034872": "to offer, and with the changes to our upcoming conference,", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00065-00034872-00035272": "obviously because we can't be face to face, and on behalf of myself and", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00066-00035272-00035672": "the Board, you know, we are disappointed that that is the", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00067-00035672-00036047": "case. However, the reality is that we need to keep safe and we need", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00068-00036047-00036631": "to keep ourselves and each other safe. So in preparation for that myself, the", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00069-00036631-00037063": "Board and, in particular, the office, are working very hard to provide", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00070-00037063-00037519": "something that is accessible, enjoyable, still has the", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00071-00037519-00038008": "element of fun and of freedom to network and to", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00072-00038008-00038616": "share practice, in an online and virtual setting that you,", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00073-00038616-00038936": "as members, can dip in and out of; watch at", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00074-00038936-00039312": "your leisure; be directly engaged or indirectly", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00075-00039312-00039888": "engaged; watch at a later time or watch live. You never know", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00076-00039888-00040160": "really what might happen there and at the point", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00077-00040160-00040680": "of this recording you may have noticed it's not my forte (but talking to myself", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00078-00040680-00041016": "clearly is!) and hopefully at this point, you're listening. I'm", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00079-00041016-00041584": "not actually talking to myself! Of course, I might be.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00080-00041584-00042088": "And so, I finally have my haircut", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00081-00042088-00042447": "and I've noticed there's lots of 'ums' but one of the things i want you to be aware", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00082-00042447-00042759": "of, in terms of members, is what you're", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00083-00042759-00043256": "getting here is the real me. I deeply care about the work that", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00084-00043256-00043672": "that we do and the voice that we have. I deeply", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00085-00043672-00044080": "care about how we use that voice and how we", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00086-00044080-00044319": "represent that voice, particularly by myself", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00087-00044319-00044831": "and the Board and the office, so that your voice is heard.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00088-00044831-00045359": "That is crucial for anything happening in the sector that affects", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00089-00045359-00045975": "disabled students as we move forward and will ensure that the end", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00090-00045975-00046656": "outcome is the one we all need to work toward.So I'm going to sign off", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00091-00046656-00047080": "now. I will be in touch. You will see me", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00092-00047080-00047519": "during the conference, in some way, shape or form.  Do engage with it.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00093-00047519-00047791": "Think about the CPD opportunities that", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00094-00047791-00048096": "we have been offering in the past year, and will continue to offer in the", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00095-00048096-00048503": "forthcoming year. Again we will adapt and adjust to", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00096-00048503-00048768": "meet the needs of you as a membership.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00097-00048768-00049208": "Offer new elements and have creative new ways of thinking;", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00098-00049208-00049631": "particularly around the different ways in which we are working currently.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00099-00049631-00050112": "How can we apply those moving forward on a longer term basis that adds value", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00100-00050112-00050424": "to the support that we offer the engagement", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00101-00050424-00050808": "that we provide and you know most importantly", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00102-00050808-00051408": "enriching the student experience for disabled students nationally.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00103-00051408-00051720": "So the last thing i would say is stay safe;", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00104-00051720-00052088": "look after yourselves, your family, your colleagues.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00105-00052088-00052448": "Look after your health and well-being, you know.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00106-00052448-00052816": "Go outside, enjoy some of the sunshine, well, and the rain", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00107-00052816-00053232": "but you know mostly the sunshine, as and when you can.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00108-00053232-00053695": "Make sure that you are able to remain in contact and", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00109-00053695-00054032": "reduce isolation whilst also thinking about", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00110-00054032-00054600": "the anxieties and the stresses and the isolation factors associated with", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00111-00054600-00054920": "students that we may already be currently engaged with; or for those that", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00112-00054920-00055400": "are preparing to start study in September", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00113-00055400-00055864": "and forward from there.", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00114-00055872-00056216": "I'm going to keep rambling so, rather than that,", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00115-00056216-00056816": "forgive me. I will see you all soon. Take very, very", "n8L-A0RVJbQ-00116-00056816-00057688": "good care of yourselves and byyeee!"}}, {"audio_id": "n8ZHS-UMefI", "text": {"n8ZHS-UMefI-00000-00000000-00003000": "IT IS VERY SAD TO ME"}}, {"audio_id": "n9hgDtvKSxo", "text": {"n9hgDtvKSxo-00000-00000000-00004800": "🌟 🇺🇸 Suit Snow ❄️ Maiden children — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "nq0FMFfXXZ4", "text": {"nq0FMFfXXZ4-00000-00003879-00003888": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "nq39wYGPulu", "text": {"nq39wYGPulu-00000-00002800-00003136": "Good afternoon everyone and welcome to Cookery Book Collections", "nq39wYGPulu-00001-00003136-00003496": "this is part of the British Library Food Season supported by KitchenAid", "nq39wYGPulu-00002-00003552-00003992": "I'm Kenn Taylor Cultural Producer North for the British Library and this event is in partnership", "nq39wYGPulu-00003-00003992-00004512": "with Leeds Libraries and Special Collections at the University of Leeds. The idea for our event", "nq39wYGPulu-00004-00004512-00004992": "tonight sprung partially from the Collections United campaign this aims to break down barriers", "nq39wYGPulu-00005-00004992-00005400": "and bring together material from more than one cultural heritage collection in the UK", "nq39wYGPulu-00006-00005400-00005808": "telling stories that connect them. I manage the cultural programme for the British", "nq39wYGPulu-00007-00005808-00006248": "Library in the Leeds region. This is where we have one of the library's two sites at Boston", "nq39wYGPulu-00008-00006248-00006704": "Spa outside of the city. This is actually where we keep 70% of the library's whole collection.", "nq39wYGPulu-00009-00006792-00007184": "We saw an opportunity to work with two other significant library collections in the region", "nq39wYGPulu-00010-00007240-00007792": "to give a snapshot of how cookery books have been collected, used and created throughout history. In", "nq39wYGPulu-00011-00007792-00008224": "particular the University of Leeds has a cookery book collection which is nationally designated.", "nq39wYGPulu-00012-00008336-00008760": "We're joined this afternoon by Polly Russell who's founding curator of the Food Season at the British", "nq39wYGPulu-00013-00008760-00009312": "Library, Rhian Isaac Collections Manager at Leeds Central Library and Rhiannon Lawrence-Francis", "nq39wYGPulu-00014-00009312-00009720": "who is Collections and Engagement Manager Rare Books and Maps at the University of Leeds.", "nq39wYGPulu-00015-00009808-00010120": "They've each selected a few items from the collections that they work with and we'll be", "nq39wYGPulu-00016-00010120-00010480": "telling you a little more about them. I'll now hand you over to my colleague Polly Russell who's going", "nq39wYGPulu-00017-00010480-00011128": "to start us off by talking about cookery books as a form of propaganda, Polly. Hello my name is Polly", "nq39wYGPulu-00018-00011128-00011632": "Russell it's wonderful to be here and to be here with colleagues from Leeds to find out more about", "nq39wYGPulu-00019-00011632-00012448": "their wonderful cookery collections what I'm going to do today is to a real romp through in the next", "nq39wYGPulu-00020-00012448-00013063": "10 minutes to talk about the British Library's cookery collections cookery book collections", "nq39wYGPulu-00021-00013063-00013432": "and to give you a sense of like what are those collections and where are they", "nq39wYGPulu-00022-00013432-00013936": "and this is almost impossible to do in 10 minutes because the British Library collections are so", "nq39wYGPulu-00023-00013936-00014663": "huge but it is a real treat because food is spread out throughout the British Library's collections", "nq39wYGPulu-00024-00014663-00015128": "not just in cookery books but in almost every format that we have so let me give you a sort", "nq39wYGPulu-00025-00015128-00015640": "of sense of that and then I'm going to come on to talking about cookery books as propaganda", "nq39wYGPulu-00026-00015640-00016296": "so the first thing is to say that um I'm there we are this is the British Library for any of you", "nq39wYGPulu-00027-00016296-00017080": "that haven't been here that is just to give you a physical picture of it and this is just a sense", "nq39wYGPulu-00028-00017080-00017616": "of the sort of material that's there. So it's a national library of the UK, we're a legal deposit", "nq39wYGPulu-00029-00017616-00018312": "library we have around 160 million items but that doesn't take into account all the digital content", "nq39wYGPulu-00030-00018312-00019072": "that we hoover up every year we have about 700 kilometers of shelving and we grow at the rate", "nq39wYGPulu-00031-00019072-00019720": "of about 12 kilometers per year so really huge collections we're based in London down in that", "nq39wYGPulu-00032-00019720-00020376": "that picture you saw before was in London's St Pancras but of course we also have we also have", "nq39wYGPulu-00033-00020376-00020936": "a library up at Boston Spa much closer to many people probably who are listening to this today", "nq39wYGPulu-00034-00020936-00021416": "and the point is that we collect material in almost every sort of format so anything that", "nq39wYGPulu-00035-00021416-00022080": "information is imparted on we we collect it and because food is the stuff of trade and travel of", "nq39wYGPulu-00036-00022080-00022808": "wars of exchange of the economy it is all the way through our collection so I would say that all of", "nq39wYGPulu-00037-00022808-00023672": "these different collections listed here will have food related materials and because we are a legal", "nq39wYGPulu-00038-00023672-00024256": "deposit library it means that we have an enormous collection of cookery books a huge collection of", "nq39wYGPulu-00039-00024256-00024776": "cookery books but people often ask me where is the cookery book collection? Well there isn't", "nq39wYGPulu-00040-00024776-00025448": "a cookery book collection there the cookery book collection is spread out amongst the whole of the", "nq39wYGPulu-00041-00025448-00025888": "library's collections because we take them in as legal deposit so there isn't one area one", "nq39wYGPulu-00042-00025888-00026432": "designated area or space or collection of cookery books and that can mean that they can sometimes be", "nq39wYGPulu-00043-00026432-00027200": "slightly hard to find so this is just a sense of the different sorts of formats where you will find", "nq39wYGPulu-00044-00027200-00027824": "cookery books and and food related and cookery materials but for those of you who can't get to", "nq39wYGPulu-00045-00027824-00028439": "the British Library either because of geography or because nobody's traveling at the moment a space", "nq39wYGPulu-00046-00028439-00029104": "that's really worth looking at online that we have is this books for cooks resource which tells us uh", "nq39wYGPulu-00047-00029104-00029704": "which goes through a kind of history of cookery books if you just type books for cooks into the", "nq39wYGPulu-00048-00029704-00030327": "website it will come up and it has lovely extracts digitized content around some of our cookery", "nq39wYGPulu-00049-00030327-00030920": "collections and then on the left here and I'll put this in the chat later on the left here my", "nq39wYGPulu-00050-00030920-00031376": "colleagues in the manuscripts department have just put together the most fantastic guides", "nq39wYGPulu-00051-00031376-00032295": "for manuscript collections which contain cookery books recipes mostly of private privately produced", "nq39wYGPulu-00052-00032295-00032816": "manuscript recipe books and these are fantastic so I'll put that in the chat later on so that's", "nq39wYGPulu-00053-00032816-00033264": "again a very broad overview to say that there's a lot of food at the British Library there's a huge", "nq39wYGPulu-00054-00033264-00033760": "amount of cookery book collections they're a huge amount of cookery books but they're not located", "nq39wYGPulu-00055-00033760-00034432": "in one particular place and then just coming on to talk about cookery books themselves and to", "nq39wYGPulu-00056-00034432-00034992": "think about cookery books I'm really fascinated by cookery books I think they have a kind of totally", "nq39wYGPulu-00057-00034992-00035624": "totemic kind of power about them I think everybody loves cookery books and I make a real distinction", "nq39wYGPulu-00058-00035624-00036328": "between manuscript cookery books which I think are largely for private personal use and they tell us", "nq39wYGPulu-00059-00036328-00036984": "quite a lot about what people did eat as compared to cookery books which I think were published", "nq39wYGPulu-00060-00036984-00037504": "usually published for an audience usually shared and I think that they tend to tell us what", "nq39wYGPulu-00061-00037632-00038088": "another person expects us to eat or wants to persuade us to eat but they don't necessarily tell", "nq39wYGPulu-00062-00038088-00038688": "us what people did eat so I make that distinction um but I think what's really interesting is that", "nq39wYGPulu-00063-00038688-00039320": "because they are objects of kind of domestic practice they are also incredibly powerful", "nq39wYGPulu-00064-00039320-00039952": "and useful as tools of persuasion and propaganda and I think that cookery books have always been", "nq39wYGPulu-00065-00039952-00040536": "tools of persuasion and propaganda and I'm going to sort of go right back to the very beginning", "nq39wYGPulu-00066-00040536-00041032": "of our cookery action at the British Library to to illustrate that point with one of our oldest", "nq39wYGPulu-00067-00041088-00041656": "recipe manuscripts the oldest recipe manuscript in the collection from 1390 called the Forme of", "nq39wYGPulu-00068-00041656-00042576": "Cury which is an amazing 25-foot vellum scroll which was documents the recipes of the court", "nq39wYGPulu-00069-00042576-00043400": "of Richard II and this has been digitized by the British Library so you can see you can go online", "nq39wYGPulu-00070-00043400-00043832": "type in forme of cury on the British Library website and you can go and actually sort of", "nq39wYGPulu-00071-00043832-00044560": "root around this incredible document but what it tells us is that this is not a private manuscript", "nq39wYGPulu-00072-00044560-00045288": "for private consumption this is really a document of evidence evidence of Richard II's wealth of his", "nq39wYGPulu-00073-00045288-00045824": "opulence of the opulence of his court and we know of Richard II that he was really invested", "nq39wYGPulu-00074-00045824-00046672": "in pageantry and this document shows how food was bound up with showing his power of displaying his", "nq39wYGPulu-00075-00046672-00047280": "wealth and his influence it's a really fabulous document it's very interesting but in the bottom", "nq39wYGPulu-00076-00047280-00047856": "there I've got one recipe which is just one of 196 in the document and this one", "nq39wYGPulu-00077-00047856-00048336": "is called rice of flesh which is very familiar we know it's a document of wealth and opulence", "nq39wYGPulu-00078-00048336-00048952": "because it has so many recipes that call for spices sugar ingredients that would have", "nq39wYGPulu-00079-00048952-00049432": "been fantastically expensive at the time even this rice of flesh relatively simple", "nq39wYGPulu-00080-00049432-00050096": "cooked in almond milk with saffron only the very wealthiest in society so this is evidence", "nq39wYGPulu-00081-00050096-00050704": "used as evidence a document of his power and his wealth so that's one example and then I'm going", "nq39wYGPulu-00082-00050704-00051304": "to fast forward some 300 and something years or 200 something years to one of my favorite cookery", "nq39wYGPulu-00083-00051304-00052016": "books in the collection this is The Queen's Closet Opened and this is a fantastic example of a book", "nq39wYGPulu-00084-00052016-00052760": "being used to rehabilitate the identity or the the sort of reputation of someone the queen there", "nq39wYGPulu-00085-00052760-00053896": "is Henrietta Maria Henrietta Maria was the wife of the executed Charles I this was this was published", "nq39wYGPulu-00086-00053896-00054576": "in 1655. Charles has been executed Britain is under puritan rule and Henrietta Maria had been", "nq39wYGPulu-00087-00054576-00055120": "loathed by the British because she was seen to be too French too Catholic had too much control", "nq39wYGPulu-00088-00055120-00055767": "over her husband and the publishing of this book was an attempt to rehabilitate her and associate", "nq39wYGPulu-00089-00055767-00056688": "her with wifely womanly characteristics in order to to make to increase her popularity and it sold", "nq39wYGPulu-00090-00056688-00057191": "it sold many many additions and it provided a kind of tantalizing glimpse", "nq39wYGPulu-00091-00057191-00058120": "of royal life at a time of puritan rule and a kind of nostalgic reminder of that royal past and it", "nq39wYGPulu-00092-00058120-00058688": "reinvented the queen as an English housewife and it sort of put royalty back in fashion", "nq39wYGPulu-00093-00058744-00059279": "so I've got one more is it having to select could I say just three cookery books from the British", "nq39wYGPulu-00094-00059279-00059855": "Library collections it's almost impossible but these are three of my favorites and this is my", "nq39wYGPulu-00095-00059912-00060640": "next one this is the Suffrage Woman's Cookery Book compiled by Mrs Aubry Dawson who was a member of", "nq39wYGPulu-00096-00060640-00061191": "the Birmingham branch of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies it was published in", "nq39wYGPulu-00097-00061191-00061888": "1912 and what I love about this is that it's a really wonderful example of a campaigning cookery", "nq39wYGPulu-00098-00061888-00062752": "book a cookery book being used for political ends it contains the recipes of sovereign suffrage", "nq39wYGPulu-00099-00062752-00063528": "supporters from all over the UK from sort of the bottom end of Cornwall to the top end of", "nq39wYGPulu-00100-00063528-00064024": "Scotland it has all of their names so it's really interesting as a kind of document", "nq39wYGPulu-00101-00064024-00064736": "of the geographic spread of suffrage and it has individual recipes and what you get a sense of is", "nq39wYGPulu-00102-00064736-00065432": "that these women were busy women practical women women on a mission the recipes are really mostly", "nq39wYGPulu-00103-00065432-00066008": "very very simple there's one that I love which is for baked bananas which just says bake banana and", "nq39wYGPulu-00104-00066008-00066656": "eat which is almost the simplest recipe I've ever read but there's also a kind of humorousness a", "nq39wYGPulu-00105-00066832-00067528": "humorous it's like tongue-in-cheek and you can see here these menus here menus for meals for suffrage", "nq39wYGPulu-00106-00067528-00067960": "workers so very practical what you should feed people if they're coming to speak and campaign", "nq39wYGPulu-00107-00067960-00068544": "in your area but then there's this recipe for cooking and preserving a suffrage speaker which", "nq39wYGPulu-00108-00068544-00069224": "is really charming sort of amusing how to keep her spirits up when she's tired um and I think it's", "nq39wYGPulu-00109-00069224-00069784": "really interesting that they used cookery to sort of deploy womenly skills to a political end and to", "nq39wYGPulu-00110-00069784-00070560": "fundraise for the suffrage cause so an incredibly quick romp through the British Library's cookery", "nq39wYGPulu-00111-00070560-00071312": "book collections three examples of cookery books cookery texts being used as forms of persuasion", "nq39wYGPulu-00112-00071312-00072072": "and propaganda from 700 years ago from the 17th century and then from the early 20th century", "nq39wYGPulu-00113-00072072-00072648": "so that is the end of my presentation and I'm going to hand over now to Rihannon", "nq39wYGPulu-00114-00072648-00073152": "Thank you gosh I'm quite breathless Polly after all of that", "nq39wYGPulu-00115-00073840-00074496": "there we are so hopefully you can now see the offerings from Leeds University library", "nq39wYGPulu-00116-00074496-00075008": "in contrast to Polly my choices have been informed by an interest less in", "nq39wYGPulu-00117-00075008-00075856": "the contents of the cookery books and and more in who owned and collected them and", "nq39wYGPulu-00118-00075968-00076536": "I've picked three items that show evidence of use and indeed abuse over time and connect us with", "nq39wYGPulu-00119-00076536-00077104": "either named individuals or particular moments in history but first I should say something about", "nq39wYGPulu-00120-00077104-00077648": "the origins of the cookery book collection held at the University of Leeds and it all started with a", "nq39wYGPulu-00121-00077648-00078248": "woman called Blanche Legat Leigh and there she is in a very rare photograph of her from a newspaper", "nq39wYGPulu-00122-00078304-00079064": "and Blanche was born in Sheffield in 1870 and she married a man called Percival Tookey Leigh in 1898", "nq39wYGPulu-00123-00079064-00079656": "a dentist and they set up home and leads they were both heavily involved in the public life of", "nq39wYGPulu-00124-00079656-00080264": "the city lunch for example was on the committee of the Leeds maternity hospital and her husband was", "nq39wYGPulu-00125-00080264-00080880": "very much involved in establishing dental clinics around the city and indeed in recognition of their", "nq39wYGPulu-00126-00081040-00081472": "role in public life they were appointed lord and lady mayoress of the city", "nq39wYGPulu-00127-00081472-00082248": "in 1936. so Blanche was an avid collector of historic cookery books and in 1939 she presented", "nq39wYGPulu-00128-00082248-00082848": "her library of over 1500 rare and unique items to the university library I noticed in the chat there", "nq39wYGPulu-00129-00082848-00083368": "was a question about oldest cookery books well the oldest thing that Blanche left the University of", "nq39wYGPulu-00130-00083368-00084000": "Leeds wasn't a book at all but a small Babylonian clay tablet on which in cuneiform is a receipt for", "nq39wYGPulu-00131-00084000-00084584": "barley that's the oldest item in our cookery book collection at four and a half thousand years old", "nq39wYGPulu-00132-00084704-00085216": "Mrs Leigh also kept detailed records of her correspondence with book sellers and", "nq39wYGPulu-00133-00085216-00085728": "she gave several boxes of letters invoices receipted accounts to the university along", "nq39wYGPulu-00134-00085728-00086224": "with her collection and these documents reveal that she was in touch with booksellers and", "nq39wYGPulu-00135-00086224-00086776": "dealers from all over the country from London to Edinburgh as well as more locally in in Harrogate", "nq39wYGPulu-00136-00086776-00087400": "and they would write to her with her latest book lists clearly in the hope of securing a sale", "nq39wYGPulu-00137-00087400-00087976": "and it seems that Blanche was not afraid to negotiate a better price for books that", "nq39wYGPulu-00138-00087976-00088400": "she considered to be incomplete or otherwise in poor condition she's a woman after my own heart", "nq39wYGPulu-00139-00088400-00089024": "I have a lot of admiration for Blanche so um with further bequests and acquisitions the cookery book", "nq39wYGPulu-00140-00089024-00089456": "collection has grown in scope and is now one of the most significant held in the university", "nq39wYGPulu-00141-00089456-00090120": "library and as Kenn mentioned earlier in 2005 it was recognized as being of national importance", "nq39wYGPulu-00142-00090120-00090616": "and awarded designated status by the Museums Libraries and Archives Council", "nq39wYGPulu-00143-00090688-00091296": "but onto the books the first book I've chosen is one of the treasures of Blanche's collection and", "nq39wYGPulu-00144-00091296-00091944": "it's by Bartolomeo Scappi, Opera dell'arte del cucinare and printed in Venice in 1570.", "nq39wYGPulu-00145-00092080-00092720": "Scappi was a very famous renaissance cook he served as chef to several cardinals", "nq39wYGPulu-00146-00092720-00093168": "in Italy and then began to serve Pope Pius the fourth so he entered", "nq39wYGPulu-00147-00093168-00093648": "the service of the Vatican kitchen and continued to work as a chef for Pius V", "nq39wYGPulu-00148-00093648-00094208": "I think it's absolutely amazing to think that this man Scappi would have been cooking in the Vatican", "nq39wYGPulu-00149-00094208-00094776": "at the same time as Michelangelo was painting the ceiling of the sistine chapel and I do wonder if", "nq39wYGPulu-00150-00094776-00095520": "they ever met so in 1570 at the year of his 70th birthday Scappi publishes his treatise on cookery", "nq39wYGPulu-00151-00095712-00096256": "it contains over a thousand food pressure preparation methods and fantastic illustrations", "nq39wYGPulu-00152-00096256-00096888": "showing in great detail the kitchen furniture utensils mechanical spits the different types", "nq39wYGPulu-00153-00096888-00097432": "of fireplaces that we used in Italy in the 16th century and the book also contains the", "nq39wYGPulu-00154-00097432-00098200": "first labeled picture of a fork there are separate chapters in the book for meat and fish and pastry", "nq39wYGPulu-00155-00098200-00098856": "as well as one on invalid cookery in which he tells us how to care for ailing cardinals so", "nq39wYGPulu-00156-00098856-00099312": "medieval tastes and cooking habits are still discernible in this book the use of sweet", "nq39wYGPulu-00157-00099312-00099928": "ingredients and spices such as ginger and nutmeg and also ingredients that have just arrived from", "nq39wYGPulu-00158-00099928-00100624": "the new world especially sugar which features as a pizza topping with pine nuts and rose water and", "nq39wYGPulu-00159-00100624-00101168": "Scappi has things to say about cheese too and he declares parmesan to be the finest cheese on earth", "nq39wYGPulu-00160-00101424-00101832": "The next book I want to talk about was published not so many years later in", "nq39wYGPulu-00161-00101888-00102504": "1584. this is an English publication A Booke of Cookry and in contrast to the", "nq39wYGPulu-00162-00102504-00102983": "previous heavily illustrated item this is a very very simple and straightforward book", "nq39wYGPulu-00163-00103072-00103592": "you might say the text is completely unconcerned with cooking times temperatures or amounts", "nq39wYGPulu-00164-00103592-00104183": "which makes some of the pages quite hard to fathom so here on the the left you can see two recipes", "nq39wYGPulu-00165-00104240-00105088": "to stew sparrows and to stew larks and then on the facing page how to do sparrows or larks I'm", "nq39wYGPulu-00166-00105088-00105783": "mystified but they are quite different recipes at Special Collections we own the only surviving copy", "nq39wYGPulu-00167-00105783-00106296": "of this little book Blanche acquired it for her collection was well aware of its rarity", "nq39wYGPulu-00168-00106368-00106935": "a second edition was printed only three years later in 1587 and that includes extra recipes for", "nq39wYGPulu-00169-00106935-00107568": "banqueting stuff or sweet dishes and we also have a copy of that second edition but the highlight", "nq39wYGPulu-00170-00107568-00108064": "for me of the second edition is the charming inscription in the front of the book and here", "nq39wYGPulu-00171-00108064-00108832": "you can see it 'picked up in sandwich and rebound by father for Emily' now who father was or whether", "nq39wYGPulu-00172-00108832-00109440": "Emily ever used these books for a practical purpose is is unknown but the handwritten note is", "nq39wYGPulu-00173-00109440-00109888": "is just lovely evidence of how books were collected and handed down and cherished um over", "nq39wYGPulu-00174-00109888-00110392": "the centuries before their arrival at Leeds now although we don't know who Emily is I know that", "nq39wYGPulu-00175-00110392-00110792": "she was a lucky girl because she also received a copy of The Widow's Treasure which is another", "nq39wYGPulu-00176-00110792-00111632": "Tudor cookery book which was also picked up at Sandwich and rebound by father for her. A few", "nq39wYGPulu-00177-00111632-00112240": "years ago we were contacted by lexicographers from the Oxford English Dictionary who had discovered", "nq39wYGPulu-00178-00112240-00112904": "that we had the only surviving copy of the first edition of this little book so they had the phrase", "nq39wYGPulu-00179-00112904-00113608": "fine herbs listed as being first used in 1587 in this copy that's on the screen now but it", "nq39wYGPulu-00180-00113608-00114128": "seemed from our online catalogue that an earlier edition had survived we were able to consult our", "nq39wYGPulu-00181-00114128-00114759": "copy for them and confirm that the phrase does indeed appear in the second edition and so we", "nq39wYGPulu-00182-00114759-00115288": "were very pleased to see that the OED entry has been changed now to reflect that earlier date.", "nq39wYGPulu-00183-00115520-00116335": "Complete contrast now and coming up to the 1960s this is a book that was once in the Camden library", "nq39wYGPulu-00184-00116335-00116735": "in London and how on earth did it find its way to Leeds you might wonder", "nq39wYGPulu-00185-00116904-00117559": "well not quite so after the second world war the London borough libraries divided up the Dewey", "nq39wYGPulu-00186-00117559-00118111": "classification system and resolved to collect as many new books that were published classified", "nq39wYGPulu-00187-00118111-00118576": "in their section as they could and the Camden public library was allocated", "nq39wYGPulu-00188-00118576-00119111": "cookery books by the late 1980s the library had run out of space", "nq39wYGPulu-00189-00119111-00119583": "the perennial problem as any collections manager in any library across the country will know", "nq39wYGPulu-00190-00119640-00120288": "and the books were being kept at a Pickford's store in Swiss Cottage the Camden librarian had", "nq39wYGPulu-00191-00120288-00120848": "advertised in the library association record to seek a new home for the books and after", "nq39wYGPulu-00192-00120848-00121472": "many months of negotiation they arrived in Leeds the most notable feature of the Camden collection", "nq39wYGPulu-00193-00121472-00122144": "is coverage of English cookery books published between about 1949 and 1975 which dovetailed", "nq39wYGPulu-00194-00122144-00122744": "perfectly with the earlier historic books donated by Blanche and others and what i love about this", "nq39wYGPulu-00195-00122744-00123368": "book and why I've chosen it is that many of the pages show signs of having been borrowed and used", "nq39wYGPulu-00196-00123368-00124032": "in the kitchen they're spattered with gravy stains and you can see viral scribbles and small children", "nq39wYGPulu-00197-00124088-00124759": "have evidently tried to be practiced their letters in a corner of one of the pages so this book", "nq39wYGPulu-00198-00124759-00125416": "is by Len Deighton and it's called the Action Cookbook Len Deighton's guide to eating", "nq39wYGPulu-00199-00125568-00126104": "you may or may not know that before Len Deighton achieved a success as a writer of thrillers such", "nq39wYGPulu-00200-00126104-00126776": "as the The Ipcress File he's actually trained as a pastry chef and also as a graphic artist and so", "nq39wYGPulu-00201-00126776-00127400": "the Action Cookbook is the perfect combination of these two talents so Len Deighton originally", "nq39wYGPulu-00202-00127400-00127935": "created what he called the cook strip in this format he created for the Observer newspaper where", "nq39wYGPulu-00203-00127935-00128576": "he was the food writer and that series run for two years before it was published as a book in 1962.", "nq39wYGPulu-00204-00128680-00129183": "so the Action Cookbook was intended as an instruction manual for the bachelor male and", "nq39wYGPulu-00205-00129183-00129800": "a guide to sophisticated cooking in fact when The Ipcress File was made into a film starring", "nq39wYGPulu-00206-00129800-00130496": "Michael Caine as harry palmer you can see one of Len Deighton cook strips pinned to the wall", "nq39wYGPulu-00207-00130496-00130864": "in the hero's kitchen so we can look out for that next time you see the film", "nq39wYGPulu-00208-00130959-00131600": "I'll leave the last word to Michael Caine have a quote here apparently he said Len was a great cook", "nq39wYGPulu-00209-00131600-00132352": "a smashing cook I learned a lot about food from playing Harry Palmer so those are my three picks", "nq39wYGPulu-00210-00132352-00132928": "from our wonderful collection I'm sure we'll talk more about it later um so I'll hand over to Rhian", "nq39wYGPulu-00211-00132928-00133736": "now to tell us about items she's picked from the collections at the Leeds Central Library thank you", "nq39wYGPulu-00212-00133736-00135008": "Thank you just share my screen so I work at Leeds Central Library and I've chosen a few", "nq39wYGPulu-00213-00135064-00135504": "later items from the 19th century and kind of items that you might find on your", "nq39wYGPulu-00214-00135504-00136016": "own bookshelves or your own local history libraries and I think these cooking books", "nq39wYGPulu-00215-00136016-00136632": "they give us an insight into what was happening lee's in other big cities at the time and also how", "nq39wYGPulu-00216-00136632-00137048": "the ephemeral and what we might think of as mundane can perhaps tell the story of the", "nq39wYGPulu-00217-00137048-00137472": "city and its people and maybe influence some of the things we think about today", "nq39wYGPulu-00218-00137736-00138264": "so what was Leeds like in the 19th century well it developed from a small town into a large", "nq39wYGPulu-00219-00138264-00138760": "industrial city and the wealthy had moved away from the city centre and into the less polluted", "nq39wYGPulu-00220-00138760-00139320": "suburbs there's a huge increase in working people to work in the factories in new industries", "nq39wYGPulu-00221-00139408-00139944": "there are a few different problems such as housing shortages and overcrowding and disease", "nq39wYGPulu-00222-00139944-00140632": "and there's also a rising middle class with a more disposable income and to be consumers so", "nq39wYGPulu-00223-00140632-00141368": "all this had a really big impact on how people ate and how they cooked is I've chosen this first item", "nq39wYGPulu-00224-00141368-00141944": "so it's Catherine Buckton's Food and Home Cookery it was originally published in 1879", "nq39wYGPulu-00225-00141944-00142336": "and I've chosen this because people might not be so familiar with the author Catherine Buckton", "nq39wYGPulu-00226-00142400-00143016": "but she was an amazing woman who was passionate about women's suffrage education and social reform", "nq39wYGPulu-00227-00143016-00143512": "and she's about the first woman to be elected into public office in Leeds and paving the way for", "nq39wYGPulu-00228-00143512-00144056": "all the women to come back behind her really and Catherine Buckton was really aware of the terrible", "nq39wYGPulu-00229-00144056-00144592": "living conditions industrial cities like Leeds and recognize the urgent need for public health reform", "nq39wYGPulu-00230-00144656-00145216": "and she believes that educating girls was really important in improving the lives of working-class", "nq39wYGPulu-00231-00145216-00145856": "communities in 1870 the elementary education act gave all children the right to education", "nq39wYGPulu-00232-00145856-00146512": "up to the age of 13 and school boards were set up across the UK to give all children an education", "nq39wYGPulu-00233-00146600-00147016": "and property owners could vote for people to be elected onto the boards and for the first time", "nq39wYGPulu-00234-00147016-00147720": "women who were property owners could vote and be elected in 1873 Catherine Buckton was elected onto", "nq39wYGPulu-00235-00147720-00148200": "the schools board and she made the only woman until her retirement and she was a committed", "nq39wYGPulu-00236-00148200-00148696": "campaign of the girls to be taught to cook and she volunteered to teach the classes herself", "nq39wYGPulu-00237-00148696-00149312": "and drew her own curriculum and even paid for the ingredients and Food and Home Cookery is the book", "nq39wYGPulu-00238-00149312-00149896": "of her lessons and once this subject was accepted onto the curriculum and became the template for", "nq39wYGPulu-00239-00149896-00150384": "most school boards and I just love this engraving of the girls in the middle of one of their lessons", "nq39wYGPulu-00240-00150568-00150952": "and the lessons were given fortnightly which you can see on the sides here", "nq39wYGPulu-00241-00150952-00151552": "and the girls could take printed recipes home with them and the book is divided into 19 lessons and", "nq39wYGPulu-00242-00151552-00152072": "includes sections on things like bread making, roasting and cooking for the sick now at the end", "nq39wYGPulu-00243-00152072-00152552": "of each lesson there's a series of questions as well which you can see on the slide here", "nq39wYGPulu-00244-00152552-00152920": "things like why is it both dirty and dangerous to wrap up your food in newspaper", "nq39wYGPulu-00245-00153000-00153544": "and so lots of interesting bits in this book and it really resonated with me really because", "nq39wYGPulu-00246-00153544-00154176": "of all the recent conversations people had about food poverty and Buckton's work really recognizes", "nq39wYGPulu-00247-00154176-00154672": "that lots of different factors into why people might not be eating healthily or nutritionally", "nq39wYGPulu-00248-00154672-00155032": "and that might be because lack of an outdoor space to grow their own food", "nq39wYGPulu-00249-00155112-00155560": "lack of knowledge these girls were probably the first generation to have cookers at home", "nq39wYGPulu-00250-00155560-00156288": "and lack of space the girls would probably share one room with a family so learning how to be neat", "nq39wYGPulu-00251-00156288-00156872": "was a practical necessity and Buckton clearly saw the link between nutrition and public health and", "nq39wYGPulu-00252-00156872-00157400": "developed this really practical book and that was adopted not just in Leeds but across the country", "nq39wYGPulu-00253-00157576-00158200": "moving on to my next item my favorites and just moving away from the inhabitants of the city to", "nq39wYGPulu-00254-00158200-00158760": "the factories that drew people there I've always really liked this really pretty recipe book good", "nq39wYGPulu-00255-00158760-00159280": "things made said and done and it's printed by the leads firm Goodall Backhouse & Company", "nq39wYGPulu-00256-00159280-00159808": "the makers of the famous Yorkshire Relish which is the best selling source in the Victorian", "nq39wYGPulu-00257-00159808-00160368": "era and to me it really captures some of the ideas around marketing um advertising", "nq39wYGPulu-00258-00160368-00161080": "branding that are becoming so prevalent at this time so the company was established in 1858 by", "nq39wYGPulu-00259-00161080-00161728": "chemist Goodall Backhouse and Powell and by 1874 Goodall was the largest sauce factory in the world", "nq39wYGPulu-00260-00161728-00162160": "it was steam powered and occupied a six-story building in Whitehall Street in Leeds", "nq39wYGPulu-00261-00162384-00162840": "and the book itself does things combines traditional recipes which of course can", "nq39wYGPulu-00262-00162840-00163376": "be improved by Goodall's own products such as Yorkshire Relish advertised s the most", "nq39wYGPulu-00263-00163376-00163904": "delicious sauce in the world and it was probably given away for free as a marketing strategy", "nq39wYGPulu-00264-00163904-00164344": "with the advocates of their products disguised amongst the recipes so you can see here that", "nq39wYGPulu-00265-00164344-00164760": "even the gravy can't be part of a dining table until Yorkshire Relish has been added to it", "nq39wYGPulu-00266-00164936-00165512": "and as competition increase between different companies as they try to tap into new markets", "nq39wYGPulu-00267-00165512-00166000": "and they need lots of new marketing tricks and the Victorian innovation was including these adverts", "nq39wYGPulu-00268-00166000-00166488": "in the front and back of books and good things is a good example of this so you can see there's", "nq39wYGPulu-00269-00166488-00167000": "Pears Soap and Fennings that are pasted into the book and Goodall's themselves invested really", "nq39wYGPulu-00270-00167000-00167672": "heavily in advertising and their marketing spend around 40 to 50,000 pounds a year drove sales from", "nq39wYGPulu-00271-00167672-00168464": "670,000 bottles in 1872 to 13 million in 1907 it's a huge amount and established a branch", "nq39wYGPulu-00272-00168464-00169168": "that was well known across the world but there was a downside to this fame as other companies", "nq39wYGPulu-00273-00169168-00169672": "tried to take advantage of the famous Yorkshire Relish brand and pass off their own imitation", "nq39wYGPulu-00274-00169672-00170248": "products and Goodall found themselves enrolled in a lengthy house floors landmark dispute", "nq39wYGPulu-00275-00170368-00170880": "against the Birmingham Vinegar Company who had begun to manufacture their own Yorkshire Relish", "nq39wYGPulu-00276-00170960-00171408": "and Yorkshire relish actually one of the first names to be registered when trademarks were", "nq39wYGPulu-00277-00171408-00172152": "introduced you can see this in our trademarks journal 1877 and after so much that they spent", "nq39wYGPulu-00278-00172152-00172752": "on advertising marketing you can see why they want to protect their brand and the Birmingham Vinegar", "nq39wYGPulu-00279-00172752-00173312": "Company argued that Yorkshire Relish was just a descriptive name and they should be able to use it", "nq39wYGPulu-00280-00173376-00173944": "but scientists disproved their claims and said the sauce was different and they couldn't use it and", "nq39wYGPulu-00281-00173944-00174512": "so Goodall's won the case and it's so important that it still cites some trademark disputes today", "nq39wYGPulu-00282-00174680-00175128": "and the bottled sauces themselves showed how food production was changing at the time to meet the", "nq39wYGPulu-00283-00175128-00175728": "needs of the growing urban population not everyone was close to where food was being produced", "nq39wYGPulu-00284-00175728-00176296": "and different ways of storing and transporting food was needed such as bottled sauces and you", "nq39wYGPulu-00285-00176296-00176888": "can see in this recipe that they suggest buying cheaper canned oysters from America this recipe", "nq39wYGPulu-00286-00176888-00177424": "showing that people were able to start buying food from across the world really of course has", "nq39wYGPulu-00287-00177424-00177920": "led to something that we're all painfully familiar with and the explosion of rubbish and packaging", "nq39wYGPulu-00288-00177976-00178392": "and unfortunately I think it's only got worse since you've got more used to mass-produced food", "nq39wYGPulu-00289-00178640-00179296": "and then finally just to finish on how the other half ate this item mysteriously appeared on one", "nq39wYGPulu-00290-00179296-00179856": "of our library desks one day it's a fascinating ledger belonging to caterer and confectioner of", "nq39wYGPulu-00291-00179856-00180408": "Godfrey Woods and it contains behind the scenes information for events and banquets between 1840s", "nq39wYGPulu-00292-00180408-00181024": "and 1870s and these and this item's both practical and personal telling us exactly", "nq39wYGPulu-00293-00181024-00181640": "how to pull together an event with menus staff costs and prices as well as different comments", "nq39wYGPulu-00294-00181640-00182208": "about waiting staff and lessons to be learnt so if there was enough table or line for the event", "nq39wYGPulu-00295-00182208-00182688": "and ward must have been really well respected as he landed one of those prestigious commissions and", "nq39wYGPulu-00296-00182688-00183512": "Leeds at that time catering the opening of Leeds Town Hall in 1858 by Queen Victoria and we're told", "nq39wYGPulu-00297-00183512-00184272": "that there was 274 guests at 17 shillings per head and were even given a menu and you can clearly see", "nq39wYGPulu-00298-00184272-00184776": "the difference in the type of food being presented here than what we find in Buckton's and Goodall's", "nq39wYGPulu-00299-00184856-00185496": "a lot of it is in French and it's not really described so familiarity French cuisine is assumed", "nq39wYGPulu-00300-00185672-00186104": "you can see this again with these lovely little menu cards that are also in our collections", "nq39wYGPulu-00301-00186168-00186632": "and they're very decorative and collectible and probably found their way to us through an avid", "nq39wYGPulu-00302-00186632-00187152": "collector of leads memorabilia and then mostly for events held in Leeds Town Hall", "nq39wYGPulu-00303-00187152-00187520": "and hosted by the lord mayor for dinners for the Leeds Corporation", "nq39wYGPulu-00304-00187520-00187912": "as well as welcoming international guests from China, Persia and British colonies", "nq39wYGPulu-00305-00188096-00188616": "and we can see a mixture of high French cuisine as well as we might call local delicacies like", "nq39wYGPulu-00306-00188616-00189176": "Yorkshire ham which seems to pop up all the time as well as influences from overseas and I think", "nq39wYGPulu-00307-00189176-00189720": "that these banquets and fancy dinners show us how Leeds was positioning itself nationally and", "nq39wYGPulu-00308-00189720-00190240": "internationally the impact of colonialism on cuisine and how food interlinked with", "nq39wYGPulu-00309-00190240-00190712": "politics and prestige at a time when the city was establishing itself on the world stage", "nq39wYGPulu-00310-00190840-00191312": "so although all these items are quite different I think through these different cookbooks you", "nq39wYGPulu-00311-00191312-00191832": "catch a glimpse of a 19th century city through its relationship with food and how these maybe", "nq39wYGPulu-00312-00191832-00192400": "unassuming items could impact on how well people ate what they spent their money on and in the case", "nq39wYGPulu-00313-00192400-00193384": "of the little menu cards communicate importance and prestige thank you so much for listening", "nq39wYGPulu-00314-00194024-00194074": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "nq8mr1NebrU", "text": {"nq8mr1NebrU-00000-00000000-00003940": "music"}}, {"audio_id": "nqwljEPBGlQ", "text": {"nqwljEPBGlQ-00000-00000295-00000409": "- All right.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00001-00000409-00000512": "Hello, everyone.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00002-00000512-00000947": "Welcome to the virtual stream of the DEF CON talk,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00003-00000947-00001133": "\"The PACS-man Comes For Us All:", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00004-00001133-00001272": "We May Still Be Vaccinated,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00005-00001272-00001515": "but Access Control Still Sucks.\"", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00006-00001515-00001666": "We're gonna jump right into it today", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00007-00001666-00001793": "'cause we have a lot to cover.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00008-00001793-00002049": "For those of you who don't know,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00009-00002049-00002198": "my name is Babak Javadi.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00010-00002198-00002366": "I am a lock picker, hardware hacker,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00011-00002366-00002475": "and reverse engineer.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00012-00002475-00002681": "I've also been a professional red teamer", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00013-00002681-00003086": "and covert entry instructor for over a decade.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00014-00003086-00003399": "Founded The Open Organisation of Lockpickers,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00015-00003399-00003514": "the Red Team Alliance,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00016-00003514-00003623": "and The CORE Group.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00017-00003833-00004043": "Nick, tell us a little bit about yourself.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00018-00004263-00004362": "- Sure, yeah.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00019-00004362-00004445": "I'm Nick Draffen.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00020-00004445-00004621": "I like to hack things", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00021-00004621-00004934": "where the physical and digital world intersect.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00022-00004934-00005198": "I'm involved in the RFID Hacking by Iceman Discord", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00023-00005198-00005328": "and you can find me there.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00024-00005446-00005673": "Eric, can you tell us a little bit about yourself?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00025-00006015-00006117": "- I'm Eric Betts.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00026-00006264-00006522": "(Babak laughs)", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00027-00006645-00006915": "- Hi, everyone. My name's Anze.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00028-00006915-00007101": "I'm a student of computer science in Slovenia,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00029-00007101-00007415": "a security researcher for about five years now.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00030-00007415-00007591": "Disassemble everything I find.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00031-00007591-00007728": "Bug bounty hunter.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00032-00007728-00008023": "Made into the Google Vulnerability Research Program", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00033-00008023-00008125": "Hall of Fame.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00034-00008125-00008466": "Mostly now I do RFID research.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00035-00008781-00009058": "- All right, so today we're gonna talk about two things.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00036-00009058-00009310": "We're gonna talk about a new tool that we're releasing", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00037-00009310-00009522": "that's gonna make red team a whole lot more fun", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00038-00009522-00009730": "and a whole lot more easier", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00039-00009730-00010050": "and we're also gonna talk about a interesting vulnerability", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00040-00010050-00010255": "that we found in some readers.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00041-00010255-00010466": "So, first, what are PACS?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00042-00010466-00010577": "What is the PACS-man?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00043-00010577-00010749": "Well, that refers broadly", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00044-00010749-00011130": "to physical access control systems.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00045-00011130-00011310": "And we're not gonna go in depth", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00046-00011310-00011409": "into how they all work", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00047-00011409-00011569": "but we'll give you a very light overview.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00048-00011569-00011716": "If you're interested in more,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00049-00011716-00011924": "check out our other DEF CON talks", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00050-00011924-00012210": "or check out the RFID Hacking Discord", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00051-00012210-00012356": "or Red Team Alliance.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00052-00012356-00012671": "But we are talking about enterprise access control systems.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00053-00012671-00012882": "These are embedded boards", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00054-00012882-00013176": "that take in inputs of various kinds,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00055-00013176-00013344": "most often, credentials,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00056-00013344-00013525": "and based off of logic,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00057-00013525-00013662": "controls certain outputs,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00058-00013662-00013922": "such as door hardware, magnetic locks,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00059-00013922-00014132": "electrified strikes, et cetera.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00060-00014225-00014506": "The most important concept to keep in mind", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00061-00014506-00014727": "throughout this first part of the talk here", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00062-00014727-00014916": "is that RFID credentials,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00063-00014916-00015249": "regardless of what technology they are,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00064-00015249-00015646": "they are basically very simple, very tiny containers.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00065-00015646-00015879": "So whether it's a prox credential", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00066-00015879-00016175": "or a iCLASS or a MIFARE credential,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00067-00016175-00016553": "these are just different ways of all storing the same data.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00068-00016553-00016838": "So a lot of older low-frequency credentials,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00069-00016838-00016976": "they're simply like folders,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00070-00016976-00017180": "electronic, wireless folders,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00071-00017180-00017515": "that contain a very small bit of data inside.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00072-00017515-00017777": "And when we present that folder to the system,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00073-00017777-00017952": "some interesting things happen.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00074-00017952-00018107": "So to talk to you about that,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00075-00018107-00018472": "we're gonna cover a really short, very simple analogy.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00076-00018472-00018602": "We have some characters here.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00077-00018602-00018780": "Some of you may have seen them before.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00078-00018780-00018968": "So we have our RFID reader,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00079-00018968-00019193": "we have our RFID credential,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00080-00019193-00019372": "we have our door controller,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00081-00019372-00019720": "and then, of course, we have the door hardware.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00082-00019720-00019883": "So what happens normally", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00083-00019883-00020217": "is that RFID reader is always scanning", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00084-00020217-00020470": "looking for credentials nearby.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00085-00020470-00020847": "As soon as that credential comes into range of the reader,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00086-00020847-00021196": "it actually is powered on by the field of the reader", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00087-00021196-00021440": "and immediately starts transmitting", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00088-00021440-00021671": "the data stored on the credential.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00089-00021671-00021971": "The reader receiving that information takes that", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00090-00021971-00022294": "and then retransmits it out to the door controller.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00091-00022294-00022526": "The door controller performs some logic functions,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00092-00022526-00022798": "decides, hey, is this person authorized or not?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00093-00022798-00023190": "And if so, we go ahead and release the electrified strike,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00094-00023190-00023413": "magnetic lock, what have you.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00095-00023413-00023741": "Of course, it's not just low-frequency credentials", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00096-00023741-00023830": "that work this way.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00097-00023830-00024136": "High-frequency credentials work in a very similar way", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00098-00024136-00024397": "but with a couple of extra layers of protection.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00099-00024397-00024669": "So the data might not be in plain text.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00100-00024669-00024806": "It might be stored", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00101-00024806-00025049": "in some sort of obscure to encrypted format.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00102-00025049-00025397": "And most importantly, that data is protected.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00103-00025397-00025607": "So if we imagine our credential data", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00104-00025607-00025793": "being folded into an envelope,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00105-00025793-00025997": "placed into a secure bag,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00106-00025997-00026305": "and then that bag being put into a locked container,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00107-00026305-00026524": "that is similar in many ways", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00108-00026524-00026783": "to how a lot of contactless smart cards", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00109-00026783-00026975": "and high-frequency credentials work.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00110-00026975-00027177": "The data inside is ultimately the same.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00111-00027177-00027489": "We are just adding additional layers of protection.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00112-00027489-00027751": "So, again, really oversimplifying", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00113-00027751-00027970": "how these technologies work.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00114-00027970-00028341": "If we take a look at, you know, a high-frequency credential,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00115-00028341-00028438": "here is an example", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00116-00028438-00028713": "where a mutual authentication takes place.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00117-00028713-00028924": "So it doesn't immediately start transmitting", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00118-00028924-00029064": "the cardholder data", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00119-00029064-00029392": "but, rather, a secret handshake has to take place", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00120-00029392-00029582": "where the credential and the reader", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00121-00029582-00029844": "mutually authenticate each other", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00122-00029844-00030133": "without revealing any secret key material", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00123-00030133-00030431": "and once that information is verified,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00124-00030431-00030747": "then the cardholder information is provided to the reader,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00125-00030747-00031001": "the reader then retransmits that to the door controller,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00126-00031001-00031345": "and everything else continues as usual.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00127-00031345-00031725": "So credentials come in a lot of different shapes and sizes.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00128-00031725-00031873": "A lot of them are broken.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00129-00031873-00032089": "A few of them are not.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00130-00032089-00032512": "And ultimately, they are just one major component", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00131-00032512-00032675": "of the access control system.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00132-00032675-00032897": "So we have a bunch of different credentials.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00133-00032897-00033021": "We have readers.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00134-00033021-00033305": "We have the door hardware,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00135-00033305-00033440": "different types of sensors,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00136-00033440-00033845": "motion sensors, door contact sensors, et cetera.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00137-00033845-00034045": "Then, of course, we have the door controller", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00138-00034045-00034137": "or control panel", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00139-00034137-00034334": "that is making all the decisions", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00140-00034334-00034728": "and that is all managed by some server-side software", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00141-00034728-00034964": "or PACS software package.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00142-00034964-00035361": "So oftentimes when in the hacker community", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00143-00035361-00035699": "we're talking about interacting with access control systems,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00144-00035699-00035885": "very often, we're really talking about hacking", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00145-00035885-00036041": "just the RFID Ps,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00146-00036041-00036198": "the credential side,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00147-00036198-00036610": "which really just refers to the method of communication used", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00148-00036610-00037010": "between the credential itself, the card itself,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00149-00037010-00037205": "and the card reader.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00150-00037293-00037475": "So all of these different pieces,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00151-00037475-00037787": "they are set up in a very interesting way", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00152-00037787-00038103": "and they all kind of work independently of each other", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00153-00038103-00038284": "but are kind of glued together", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00154-00038284-00038527": "in a couple of different ways that we'll see.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00155-00038527-00038730": "However, let's talk", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00156-00038730-00038959": "about some of the most common tools of the trade", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00157-00038959-00039279": "when we're talking about RFID hacking in general", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00158-00039279-00039562": "and red teaming as it applies to it.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00159-00039562-00039793": "Some of the really common tools that you'll see", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00160-00039793-00039930": "or may already be familiar with", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00161-00039930-00040165": "is, first of all, the Proxmark3.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00162-00040165-00040333": "This thing is ubiquitous.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00163-00040333-00040507": "It's an open-source hardware project", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00164-00040507-00040972": "originally released by Jonathan Westheus ages and ages ago.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00165-00040972-00041366": "Since then, there have been many different hardware variants", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00166-00041366-00041455": "that have come out,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00167-00041455-00041718": "some good, some not so good.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00168-00041718-00042136": "It's very much a kind of Swiss Army knife of RFID.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00169-00042136-00042596": "It's a software-defined RFID tool that can,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00170-00042596-00042985": "just with, you know, reprogramming the code and firmware,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00171-00042985-00043357": "we can change what different credentials it can talk to", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00172-00043357-00043466": "and this is one of the reasons", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00173-00043466-00043760": "why it's been so popular with the community.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00174-00043760-00044122": "The most recent, most common variant of this tool", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00175-00044122-00044622": "is the Proxmark 3 RDV4 made by the RFID Research Group", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00176-00044684-00044890": "and it's one of our favorite variants.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00177-00044890-00045025": "It's very mature today", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00178-00045025-00045327": "and it finally has become stable and good enough", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00179-00045327-00045663": "that it can be used much more easily for red teaming.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00180-00045663-00045920": "One of the coolest add-ons that it has", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00181-00045920-00046180": "that hasn't really been fully taken advantage of yet", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00182-00046180-00046433": "is the Bluetooth add-on or the Blue Shark,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00183-00046433-00046873": "which is a Bluetooth 2 interface to the reader.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00184-00046873-00047148": "And we're also gonna be using", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00185-00047148-00047402": "in this first part of the talk the ESPKey.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00186-00047402-00047715": "This is a Wiegand interception device", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00187-00047715-00048010": "originally made by Kenny McElroy", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00188-00048010-00048378": "or octosavvi on GitHub and Twitter.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00189-00048378-00048706": "And this is a Wiegand interception and replay device.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00190-00048706-00048844": "And it's not the first of its kind.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00191-00048844-00048974": "There have been a number of others before it,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00192-00048974-00049340": "the BLEKey and, of course, the Gecko", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00193-00049340-00049593": "made by Zac Franken and Adam Laurie.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00194-00049593-00049930": "And this is a device that is optimized for field deployment.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00195-00049930-00050160": "So it's very fast to install.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00196-00050160-00050478": "It has a very easy-to-use user interface.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00197-00050478-00050846": "And, very happily, is one of my favorite", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00198-00050846-00051217": "and cheapest, fastest ways to weaponize any reader.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00199-00051217-00051453": "What do we mean by weaponizing a reader?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00200-00051453-00051617": "Well, that's just a fancy way", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00201-00051617-00051863": "of saying we took a regular card reader", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00202-00051863-00051997": "that knows how to talk to the credential", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00203-00051997-00052136": "that we wanna talk to", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00204-00052136-00052345": "and we're gonna connect the data logger to it.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00205-00052345-00052542": "So we supply it some portable power", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00206-00052542-00052700": "in the form of a battery.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00207-00052700-00052933": "We connect a data logger of some kind.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00208-00052933-00053288": "That can be a Arduino or a Raspberry Pi", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00209-00053288-00053412": "or whatever you wanna use.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00210-00053412-00053672": "In this case, we're using an ESPKey.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00211-00053672-00053938": "And that's it. You have a weaponized reader.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00212-00053938-00054151": "Data is read by the reader,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00213-00054151-00054326": "the reader sends it to the door controller,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00214-00054326-00054666": "except there is no door controller, only the ESPKey,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00215-00054666-00054753": "which records it.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00216-00054753-00055133": "So this is a really cool, versatile, multifunction tool.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00217-00055133-00055333": "Typically, in the field,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00218-00055333-00055498": "what that workflow might look like", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00219-00055498-00055877": "is once you capture that cardholder information,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00220-00055877-00056264": "now we have to then encode it onto a card,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00221-00056264-00056488": "which we often do manually", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00222-00056488-00056632": "either from a computer terminal", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00223-00056632-00056771": "or maybe if you have an Android phone,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00224-00056771-00057254": "you might use the Bluetooth-enabled phone application.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00225-00057254-00057371": "But it's a little bit clunky,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00226-00057371-00057557": "sometimes requires some extra steps,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00227-00057557-00057742": "and it does take a little bit of time.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00228-00057742-00058026": "So once you clone a credential in the field,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00229-00058026-00058203": "you still have to then go back", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00230-00058203-00058417": "and write it to a card later.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00231-00058517-00058840": "So how do we improve this experience in the field?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00232-00058840-00059213": "Well, we know that there are these Bluetooth capabilities", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00233-00059213-00059500": "out there for the Proxmark3", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00234-00059500-00059709": "and we know the ESPKey has Wi-Fi,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00235-00059709-00060161": "so surely there must be a way to automate these things.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00236-00060161-00060454": "And to tell us what we ended up coming up with", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00237-00060454-00060654": "to create this automation,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00238-00060654-00060912": "I'm gonna hand things over to Nick,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00239-00060912-00061124": "who wrote some really cool software.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00240-00061305-00061650": "- So, yeah, thanks for the introduction there, Babak.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00241-00061650-00061891": "Yeah, Babak and I were on a phone call", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00242-00061891-00062220": "talking about usage of weaponized readers", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00243-00062220-00062435": "and Proxmark3s in the field,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00244-00062435-00062816": "trying to come up with a unique way to glue them together", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00245-00062816-00063124": "and leveraging those functions", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00246-00063124-00063340": "that are already on the ESPKey with the Wi-Fi", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00247-00063340-00063666": "and the Proxmark3 with the Bluetooth.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00248-00063666-00064074": "We kind of thought about what else had Wi-Fi and Bluetooth", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00249-00064074-00064365": "and the quick and easy answer to that,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00250-00064365-00064501": "what would be portable in the field,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00251-00064501-00064820": "was a Raspberry Pi Zero W.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00252-00064820-00065072": "It's small, it's able to be battery powered,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00253-00065072-00065563": "and it has both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth peripherals", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00254-00065563-00065745": "so we can connect it.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00255-00065745-00066229": "So this is where we kind of came up with the idea for Odo.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00256-00066332-00066437": "Odo, if you don't know,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00257-00066437-00066794": "is a character on \"Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.\"", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00258-00066794-00067213": "Odo is a Changeling in the show, which is a shapeshifter,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00259-00067213-00067709": "meaning that he can take the shape of any object or person.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00260-00067709-00068094": "So with the idea for Odo being that you capture a credential", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00261-00068094-00068219": "via the weaponized reader,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00262-00068219-00068450": "you then shapeshift into that person,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00263-00068450-00068797": "essentially leveraging a physical privilege escalation", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00264-00068797-00068880": "in the field.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00265-00068880-00069344": "You can bump into someone, grab their badge,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00266-00069344-00069539": "and become that person", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00267-00069539-00069732": "and use that to your advantage.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00268-00069732-00070047": "So what is Odo under the hood?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00269-00070047-00070216": "Odo is an open-source framework", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00270-00070216-00070555": "that takes credentials in, puts credentials out,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00271-00070555-00070785": "and it's language agnostic", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00272-00070785-00071156": "because it basically leverages the fact that it's a JSON", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00273-00071156-00071310": "over MQTT API.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00274-00071310-00071510": "So there are credential producers,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00275-00071510-00071665": "there are credential consumers.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00276-00071758-00072252": "One side, like an ESPKey, produces credentials", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00277-00072252-00072514": "and emits an MQTT message.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00278-00072514-00072654": "The other side, like the Proxmark3,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00279-00072654-00072845": "can consume those messages", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00280-00072845-00073063": "and then do something with that data.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00281-00073063-00073340": "So this allows it to be language agnostic.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00282-00073340-00073611": "Even though the base framework is written in Python,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00283-00073611-00073833": "we have a number of different modules", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00284-00073833-00074045": "that are in different languages.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00285-00074142-00074376": "Currently, basically Python, Node.js,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00286-00074376-00074534": "but it doesn't really matter.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00287-00074534-00074833": "So, essentially,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00288-00074971-00075471": "this framework can drive not just the implementation", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00289-00075525-00075694": "that we are gonna show here today", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00290-00075694-00076122": "of the weaponized reader and the ESPKey", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00291-00076122-00076402": "but any type of thing that can produce a credential,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00292-00076402-00076754": "data that you can then write to another credential,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00293-00076754-00077033": "you could add modules to this framework.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00294-00077033-00077533": "So it also gets better with hats (chuckles) and haptics.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00295-00077557-00077812": "So for that field usage,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00296-00077937-00078214": "being able to see the credentials that you've captured,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00297-00078214-00078347": "select a specific one.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00298-00078347-00078560": "Specifically, if one was better for you than another,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00299-00078560-00078687": "you can go and select that credential", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00300-00078687-00078892": "and it will rewrite that", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00301-00078892-00079375": "to the tag that's on your waistband or on a lanyard", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00302-00079459-00079657": "'cause the Proxmark will be battery powered", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00303-00079657-00080055": "on a class behind the tag.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00304-00080055-00080357": "And then using a haptic feedback device,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00305-00080357-00080546": "which we have pictured here,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00306-00080546-00080653": "will indicate to you", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00307-00080653-00080959": "that you have captured or cloned a credential.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00308-00081048-00081210": "And with that being said,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00309-00081210-00081534": "I'd like to do a quick demo.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00310-00081534-00081766": "So let me switch down to my top-down camera", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00311-00081870-00082182": "and do the big version here.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00312-00082182-00082640": "So you'll see that I have a Proxmark3", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00313-00082640-00082835": "powered by its battery.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00314-00082835-00082949": "Blue light is on", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00315-00082949-00083270": "'cause it's connected to the Raspberry Pi Zero W over there.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00316-00083270-00083507": "Our haptic feedback device is here in a case", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00317-00083507-00083829": "so it doesn't go haywire on us.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00318-00083829-00084010": "This is our target credential", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00319-00084010-00084255": "and then this here, I'm showing it in front of me,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00320-00084255-00084407": "is the source credential.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00321-00084502-00084682": "Source and target credential technology", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00322-00084682-00084803": "doesn't really matter", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00323-00084803-00084975": "'cause we're taking that Wiegand value", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00324-00084975-00085217": "and encoding that onto a target credential.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00325-00085217-00085475": "So I have a weaponized reader here off-frame.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00326-00085475-00085674": "I'm gonna scan this credential.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00327-00085674-00085999": "We will see a new item appear on the screen", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00328-00085999-00086245": "and the haptic device (chuckles) indicates", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00329-00086245-00086420": "that it has seen a credential.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00330-00086420-00086603": "And then once that credential is written,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00331-00086603-00086817": "which we see the blue light blinking on the Proxmark,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00332-00086817-00086914": "it vibrates again", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00333-00086914-00087178": "to indicate that the credential has been written.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00334-00087178-00087676": "So, yeah, that's pretty much what we have with Odo.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00335-00087802-00088302": "The ways that you can contribute and make one,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00336-00088374-00088695": "we have a GitHub open source repo", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00337-00088695-00088922": "with the framework and our initial modules.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00338-00089038-00089332": "Raspberry Pi Zero Ws are cheap and readily available.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00339-00089332-00089519": "The PiSugar that we chose to use here", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00340-00089519-00089867": "is a great way to battery power the Pi in the field", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00341-00089867-00090322": "and the LCD module is helpful for that local interface.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00342-00090406-00090834": "And there are a number of different ways", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00343-00090834-00091117": "that this could be extended pretty much immediately", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00344-00091117-00091485": "with other credential producers and consumers,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00345-00091485-00091689": "new feedback mechanisms", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00346-00091689-00092120": "and leveraging some sort of wearable smart watch", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00347-00092120-00092437": "or even haptic feedback vest,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00348-00092437-00092750": "and just go wild", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00349-00092750-00093157": "with all the different possible producers and consumers.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00350-00093157-00093344": "So with that being said,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00351-00093344-00093622": "I'd like to hand it back over to Babak", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00352-00093708-00093983": "with the evolution of PACS.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00353-00094581-00094664": "You're muted.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00354-00094786-00094909": "- (chuckles) Thank you.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00355-00094909-00095274": "One of the things I really enjoy about the Odo framework", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00356-00095274-00095486": "is that this now allows us a way", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00357-00095486-00095864": "to do, like, in-field, live privilege escalation", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00358-00095864-00096177": "completely automated and touchless,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00359-00096177-00096569": "and if you come to our live talk,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00360-00096569-00096795": "you'll see what that looks like in action", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00361-00096795-00097022": "and it's really, really cool.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00362-00097022-00097155": "Now, that's just one part", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00363-00097155-00097349": "of something that we wanted to talk about today.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00364-00097349-00097571": "Something else that's really interesting", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00365-00097571-00098071": "has to do with how evolution takes place in access control.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00366-00098095-00098322": "So what we're gonna talk about", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00367-00098322-00098822": "is what I'm calling the physical security chain of trust", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00368-00098834-00099067": "and it really kind of underscores", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00369-00099067-00099498": "how discrete and rather independent", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00370-00099498-00099672": "a lot of these components are", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00371-00099672-00099847": "and the way that they're glued together", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00372-00099847-00100226": "really has nothing to do with other components necessarily", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00373-00100226-00100335": "in the system.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00374-00100335-00100487": "So what I mean by that", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00375-00100487-00100803": "is, for example, let's take a look at an old, old system", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00376-00100803-00101160": "that's running Wiegand wire and a Wiegand reader.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00377-00101160-00101473": "When this system first came out, it was very good.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00378-00101473-00101618": "It was the newest technology,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00379-00101618-00101817": "very difficult to clone and manipulate.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00380-00101817-00101938": "But systems age.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00381-00101938-00102289": "So as they age, the chain of trust ages as well,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00382-00102289-00102543": "and because of budget constraints,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00383-00102543-00102748": "you don't really rip and replace the whole thing.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00384-00102748-00103169": "You replace specific links in the chain selectively.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00385-00103169-00103379": "So maybe a new technology comes out,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00386-00103379-00103627": "prox hits the market and you're like,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00387-00103627-00103953": "\"Oh, man, I'm so tired of swiping cards.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00388-00103953-00104170": "I just wanna use a prox card", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00389-00104170-00104309": "so I can just go boop", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00390-00104309-00104539": "and, you know, get through the door,\" right?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00391-00104539-00104733": "So we replaced just those links", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00392-00104733-00104977": "but they had to be backwards compatible", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00393-00104977-00105253": "because that's the only way that we can really afford", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00394-00105253-00105434": "to deploy a lot of this new technology", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00395-00105434-00105632": "in massive scale sometimes.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00396-00105632-00105723": "So what that means", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00397-00105723-00106084": "is only parts of those links are replaced.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00398-00106084-00106405": "So then the chain of trust continues aging", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00399-00106405-00106693": "and we have different components replaced.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00400-00106693-00106950": "We again upgrade our cards and readers.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00401-00106950-00107290": "This time we might also upgrade our door controllers", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00402-00107290-00107504": "and server-side software", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00403-00107504-00107769": "because maybe we want some of those new functions,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00404-00107769-00108005": "some new capabilities, more memory,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00405-00108005-00108266": "you know, faster, all of the things.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00406-00108266-00108766": "But it's not necessarily, again, addressing the whole thing.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00407-00108776-00108866": "So you might notice", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00408-00108866-00109092": "there's one particular link in this chain", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00409-00109092-00109395": "that keeps aging more and more and more", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00410-00109395-00109760": "and so now by the time that we are in biometrics territory", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00411-00109760-00110041": "and people have, you know, facial recognition this", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00412-00110041-00110275": "and iris scanning that,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00413-00110275-00110749": "a lot of systems, historically, were still using Wiegand.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00414-00110749-00111008": "That's this really old link in the chain here.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00415-00111008-00111241": "So considering that your chain", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00416-00111241-00111459": "is only as strong as the weakest link,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00417-00111459-00111658": "that is of concern, right?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00418-00111658-00111874": "So recently over the past couple years,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00419-00111874-00112283": "this has begun to be taken care of with OSDP.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00420-00112283-00112454": "It's something that we talk about more", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00421-00112454-00112694": "in some of our other talks and in our trainings,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00422-00112694-00112909": "but it is the replacement for Wiegand.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00423-00112909-00112993": "It's the replacement for that weak link", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00424-00113129-00113351": "and it offers a lot of new functionality", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00425-00113351-00113781": "in the form of bidirectional communication and encryption", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00426-00113781-00113988": "that really kind of help improve", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00427-00113988-00114391": "the overall security of the whole physical security chain.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00428-00114391-00114784": "However, security alone is not enough for the industry", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00429-00114784-00114941": "and for a lot of customers.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00430-00114941-00115252": "We keep wanting more and more functionality.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00431-00115252-00115406": "So even though we've now had", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00432-00115406-00115635": "this new tool here for this chain,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00433-00115635-00115918": "the development elsewhere has not stopped.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00434-00115918-00116257": "Now the new hotness is mobile credentials.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00435-00116257-00116720": "So mobile credentials are the new black in access control.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00436-00116720-00116978": "They can come in a lot of different shapes and sizes,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00437-00116978-00117393": "but, ultimately, if we have to work with smartphones,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00438-00117393-00117604": "we only have a few different interfaces", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00439-00117604-00117693": "that we can work with.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00440-00117693-00117992": "Ideally, we would want to use NFC", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00441-00117992-00118133": "with the credential data stored", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00442-00118133-00118316": "in a secure element on the phone,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00443-00118316-00118494": "but not all phones have NFC.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00444-00118494-00118793": "Only the more higher end, more modern phones have that.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00445-00118793-00119044": "And even of the phones that do,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00446-00119044-00119464": "not all phones provide a proper API that you can use.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00447-00119464-00119838": "Apple, until very recently, had iOS pretty locked down", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00448-00119838-00120101": "when it comes to anyone but Apple", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00449-00120101-00120367": "using that NFC interface on the phone.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00450-00120367-00120733": "So a lot of vendors have resorted to BLE,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00451-00120733-00120908": "or Bluetooth Low Energy,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00452-00120908-00121204": "because almost all smartphones have this technology.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00453-00121204-00121521": "But unfortunately, BLE, as a lot of you know,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00454-00121521-00121783": "was not designed for this purpose.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00455-00121783-00122204": "So how do we shove BLE into these older readers", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00456-00122204-00122529": "that did not necessarily have this technology?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00457-00122529-00122669": "There's a couple of different ways", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00458-00122669-00122830": "that vendors have done this.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00459-00122830-00122983": "There's in-line adapters", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00460-00122983-00123202": "that you connect to the Wiegand line", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00461-00123202-00123566": "that are basically Bluetooth-enabled ESPKeys", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00462-00123566-00123709": "that are not used for attacking", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00463-00123709-00123900": "but, rather, functionality.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00464-00123900-00124119": "And then there's also stuff like this", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00465-00124119-00124393": "where, you know, one major vendor decided,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00466-00124393-00124644": "\"Hey, why don't we use the debug interface", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00467-00124644-00124744": "on the back of the reader", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00468-00124744-00124974": "that we made for upgrading and programming,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00469-00124974-00125069": "why don't we use that", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00470-00125069-00125335": "to add Bluetooth functionality to the reader", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00471-00125335-00125656": "and now we can have this beautiful new future", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00472-00125656-00126010": "where everything is, you know, mobile enabled?\"", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00473-00126010-00126510": "And now we have this phone-based diagnostic capability,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00474-00126591-00126769": "we can do firmware upgrades,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00475-00126769-00127068": "and, most importantly, we can reconfigure the reader.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00476-00127068-00127380": "We can disable older technologies", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00477-00127380-00127551": "that, you know, we don't need anymore", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00478-00127551-00127724": "or that are insecure.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00479-00127724-00127948": "So for this particular platform,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00480-00128052-00128363": "what was used was an application called Reader Manager.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00481-00128363-00128528": "Reader Manager allows you", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00482-00128528-00128730": "to reconfigure the reader settings,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00483-00128730-00128989": "what protocols it supports, et cetera.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00484-00128989-00129341": "It scans for nearby Bluetooth-enabled readers", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00485-00129341-00129499": "and it allows you to reconfigure it.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00486-00129499-00129678": "So it allows you to change configuration,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00487-00129678-00130058": "turn credentials on, turn credentials off.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00488-00130058-00130294": "But if you're using Bluetooth,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00489-00130294-00130563": "Bluetooth is not a short-range technology.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00490-00130563-00130750": "It can cover quite a bit of distance.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00491-00130750-00130974": "If you have a lot of readers,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00492-00130974-00131242": "how do you know which one you're reconfiguring?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00493-00131242-00131416": "That is the question.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00494-00131416-00131701": "So there are a couple of different ways", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00495-00131701-00131979": "that companies have dealt with this", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00496-00131979-00132201": "but what this particular company did,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00497-00132201-00132449": "and we'll go ahead and see if we can cut video here,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00498-00132449-00132562": "there we go.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00499-00132562-00133022": "So what we have here is a example reader", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00500-00133022-00133341": "and I just have a little field detector card", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00501-00133341-00133424": "here in front of it.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00502-00133424-00133644": "We're gonna talk about that in a few slides.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00503-00133644-00133862": "And it's kinda hard to see,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00504-00133862-00134210": "so we're gonna adjust the brightness here.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00505-00134210-00134687": "Let's see if we can see my phone a little bit better.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00506-00134687-00134927": "Not really, unfortunately.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00507-00134927-00135126": "So one thing that it has,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00508-00135126-00135331": "and it should pop up here shortly,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00509-00135331-00135497": "is there is,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00510-00135497-00135582": "there we go,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00511-00135667-00135964": "so we could see all the readers listed there", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00512-00135964-00136119": "and when I tap on a reader,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00513-00136119-00136406": "I get this option to inspect or locate.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00514-00136406-00136594": "So when I tap Locate", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00515-00136594-00137074": "what it will do is it will make the LED flash", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00516-00137158-00137273": "and make the reader beep", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00517-00137273-00137598": "so I know which reader I'm about to configure or touch.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00518-00137598-00137826": "You might have also noticed something else unusual", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00519-00137826-00137919": "that just happened,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00520-00137919-00138348": "which is the LEDs on this field detector card turned off.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00521-00138348-00138587": "And we'll talk about in a moment why that's a problem", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00522-00138587-00138942": "because while that reader field is off,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00523-00138942-00139289": "we're not actually able to scan and process media.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00524-00139921-00140123": "So where does that leave us?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00525-00140223-00140437": "We have that locate functionality", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00526-00140437-00140816": "to identify which readers we're working with.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00527-00140816-00141086": "There are some security functions that we found", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00528-00141086-00141230": "that was built into this.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00529-00141314-00141636": "The changes, sorry, the functions were allowing you", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00530-00141636-00141771": "to make changes to the reader,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00531-00141771-00141966": "or the inspection functions.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00532-00141966-00142049": "These are functions", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00533-00142049-00142310": "that require some form of authentication.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00534-00142310-00142648": "So the most common method that is used", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00535-00142648-00142946": "is you have to power cycle the reader", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00536-00142946-00143154": "to apply certain changes", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00537-00143154-00143390": "because we don't want people", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00538-00143390-00143683": "just turning credentials on and off unexpectedly.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00539-00143683-00143920": "So the reader only accepts", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00540-00143920-00144225": "certain administrative configuration commands", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00541-00144225-00144539": "for a very short period after power on.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00542-00144539-00144780": "But that by itself may not be enough", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00543-00144780-00144944": "for a lot of applications", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00544-00144944-00145289": "and this is where a lot of customers can go an extra step", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00545-00145289-00145789": "and get a custom key or elite key in certain systems.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00546-00145799-00146266": "So custom keys basically add an additional restriction", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00547-00146266-00146439": "in that not only do the credentials", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00548-00146439-00146661": "have to have that special key", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00549-00146661-00147054": "but also any phones that need to recognize the reader", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00550-00147054-00147390": "also have to have a special administrative key", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00551-00147390-00147572": "that is unique to that site.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00552-00147572-00147771": "Now, what's interesting here", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00553-00147771-00148066": "is that some locate functions", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00554-00148066-00148330": "did not require any authentication,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00555-00148330-00148737": "meaning we found that you could locate a reader", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00556-00148737-00149033": "regardless of whether or not it was a standard reader", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00557-00149033-00149177": "or an elite reader", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00558-00149177-00149453": "and because that locate function", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00559-00149453-00149660": "temporarily shuts off the field,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00560-00149660-00149811": "that is of concern.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00561-00149941-00150414": "So in regards to the Bluetooth,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00562-00150414-00150706": "I'd like Anze to really talk a little bit more", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00563-00150706-00150876": "about some of the things that we found", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00564-00150876-00151114": "once we took a closer look at this.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00565-00151324-00151417": "- Thank you, Babak.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00566-00151417-00151917": "So after further looking at what is happening", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00567-00151954-00152071": "over Bluetooth Low Energy,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00568-00152071-00152273": "we found out that all of the readers", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00569-00152273-00152444": "advertise a single service,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00570-00152444-00152703": "all of them, of course, with the same UUID.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00571-00152703-00152935": "The service had a single notify", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00572-00152935-00153183": "and write without response characteristic.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00573-00153183-00153465": "Upon subscription to that characteristic,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00574-00153465-00153655": "the reader sent an initial message.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00575-00153655-00154055": "If it didn't receive a reply in a certain amount of time,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00576-00154055-00154340": "the reader disconnected automatically quite aggressively.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00577-00154470-00154598": "So under the hood,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00578-00154598-00154893": "we wanted to see what the BLE conversation looked like", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00579-00154893-00155196": "and so we wanted to sniff that out.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00580-00155196-00155458": "We got an nRF52 development kit,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00581-00155458-00155706": "loaded nRF Sniffer for Bluetooth LE,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00582-00155706-00155841": "located the device,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00583-00155841-00156029": "saw what was exchanged,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00584-00156029-00156377": "and got the messages as PCAP files.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00585-00156482-00156688": "So in those PCAP files,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00586-00156688-00157006": "we wanted to look at what a BLE conversation looked like.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00587-00157006-00157397": "We can see here that the message looks quite similar", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00588-00157397-00157680": "to an ISO 7816 ADPU,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00589-00157680-00158113": "which is also used in other smart card protocols,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00590-00158113-00158478": "most notably in credit card processing or EMV cards.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00591-00158576-00158758": "And to that, the phone replied", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00592-00158758-00159153": "that the AID the reader was trying to select was not found.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00593-00159278-00159444": "So you might be wondering now", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00594-00159444-00159647": "what is with all the readers", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00595-00159647-00159972": "that everyone has behind them at this talk.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00596-00160084-00160356": "And the readers have some blinking lights.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00597-00160356-00160744": "So why are the lights blinking?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00598-00160869-00161111": "The readers have field detector cards", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00599-00161111-00161469": "made by Proxgrind and RFID Research Group.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00600-00161469-00161939": "The LEDs on them are powered by the electromagnetic field", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00601-00161939-00162204": "emitted by the readers to make them blink.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00602-00162204-00162383": "There are separate LED colors", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00603-00162383-00162718": "and separate antenna windings on the BCBs", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00604-00162718-00162990": "for low frequency and high frequency.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00605-00162990-00163162": "So the red LED means", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00606-00163162-00163549": "that an LF or a 125 kilohertz field has been detected", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00607-00163549-00163953": "and the white LED means that a 13.56 megahertz", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00608-00163953-00164328": "or the HF field was detected.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00609-00164521-00165021": "But because we all know that PCAPS are boring,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00610-00165028-00165254": "we of course went", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00611-00165254-00165643": "and implemented our first demo in Python", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00612-00165833-00166084": "and it was able to take down one device.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00613-00166084-00166495": "We then rewrote it in Node.js,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00614-00166495-00166635": "made it async,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00615-00166635-00167112": "which allowed us to take down about five readers at a time.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00616-00167112-00167471": "But then we wanted to see if we can go even further.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00617-00167471-00167810": "We got ourself an nRF52 development kit,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00618-00167810-00168023": "rewrote the whole thing in C,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00619-00168023-00168365": "and were able to connect to quite a bit more devices.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00620-00168491-00168849": "But because we all know that a development kit", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00621-00168849-00169054": "is something that you don't carry around,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00622-00169054-00169367": "we then moved to a Pug.js,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00623-00169367-00169867": "which is a nRF52832-based development board", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00624-00170145-00170337": "with RGB LEDs, a button,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00625-00170337-00170729": "and powered by a CR2032 coin cell battery.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00626-00170729-00171221": "And now we will have a demo of what happens", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00627-00171221-00171386": "when we start sending that", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00628-00171386-00171602": "to all the readers in our vicinity.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00629-00171602-00171783": "So I would ask everyone here", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00630-00171783-00172132": "to please turn on your dongles.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00631-00172393-00172585": "- And we'll go ahead and activate.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00632-00172945-00173121": "And what the code is going to do", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00633-00173121-00173621": "is automatically look for any available readers nearby", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00634-00173674-00174012": "and, one by one, add them to the list of readers", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00635-00174012-00174370": "that we send a barrage", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00636-00174370-00174700": "of locate commands to.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00637-00174700-00175039": "And now you can see almost all the readers", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00638-00175039-00175148": "except for that one guy,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00639-00175148-00175302": "don't worry about that one guy,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00640-00175302-00175485": "had the fields shut off.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00641-00175485-00175614": "And in that state,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00642-00175614-00175804": "they are unable to process media,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00643-00175804-00176261": "meaning no cards will be able to be read by that reader.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00644-00176261-00176599": "So you just had a physical denial-of-service event.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00645-00177070-00177570": "- And now I would like to give my word to Eric.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00646-00177957-00178286": "- Yes, so as Babak mentioned before,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00647-00178286-00178558": "these field detectors, they stopped blinking.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00648-00178558-00178641": "What does it mean?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00649-00178641-00178868": "It means there is no EM field.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00650-00178868-00179128": "That means it doesn't matter if you present anything to it.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00651-00179128-00179517": "These are basically just like dead plastic at this point.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00652-00179517-00180017": "And so that is very bad for all of this,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00653-00180057-00180298": "sorry, that's the sort of field detector part of it.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00654-00180298-00180638": "And we got to thinking, what else has an nRF52?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00655-00180732-00180928": "And for anybody that's been around at DEF CON", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00656-00180928-00181011": "the previous couple of days,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00657-00181011-00181238": "they may have watched a talk about this.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00658-00181238-00181481": "You know what else has an nRF52?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00659-00181481-00181689": "A motherfucking AirTag.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00660-00181689-00181902": "So we put our firmware on an AirTag.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00661-00181902-00182094": "So here's me putting in the battery.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00662-00182094-00182441": "Gonna go ahead and slide that closed.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00663-00182441-00182550": "Flip over to this", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00664-00182550-00183050": "and y'all can see it has also knocked out the readers.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00665-00183231-00183314": "Except for that one.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00666-00183314-00183432": "Nope, no, got that one too.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00667-00184036-00184414": "And so now I'll hand it back to Anze.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00668-00184787-00184870": "- Thank you.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00669-00184870-00185097": "So we wanted to really bring it home,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00670-00185097-00185589": "and remember the backpack that added BLE to our readers?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00671-00185589-00185859": "Well, we found out that that BLE", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00672-00185859-00186182": "is also powered by an NRF-based chip", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00673-00186182-00186381": "for Bluetooth Low Energy", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00674-00186381-00186675": "and we asked ourself if we can also reprogram that", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00675-00186675-00187061": "and we found out that it is possible to reprogram it", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00676-00187061-00187235": "the same way as an AirTag.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00677-00187235-00187735": "So with that, we were able to take down eight readers", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00678-00187835-00188094": "in the vicinity of the backpack being powered.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00679-00188237-00188343": "And then, of course,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00680-00188343-00188695": "because nRF52 is such a widespread chipset,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00681-00188695-00189161": "we then asked ourself what else we can use", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00682-00189161-00189475": "as an emitter for the attack", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00683-00189475-00189695": "and we came to,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00684-00189695-00189953": "we found out that there's a COVID test", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00685-00189953-00190130": "that has an nRF52 in it,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00686-00190130-00190378": "there's some development devices,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00687-00190378-00190531": "personal pleasure devices,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00688-00190531-00190943": "and the universe of nRF52 is pretty much endless.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00689-00190943-00191288": "And now I would like to give it to Babak", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00690-00191288-00191429": "for some closing words.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00691-00191571-00191802": "- So what does this all mean, right?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00692-00191802-00192012": "What's the real practical impact", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00693-00192012-00192209": "other than just annoying some people?", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00694-00192301-00192490": "That depends on the situation.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00695-00192490-00192675": "So we've evaluated", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00696-00192675-00192980": "a number of different customer deployments", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00697-00192980-00193127": "and different use cases", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00698-00193127-00193516": "where these readers and Bluetooth backpacks have been used", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00699-00193516-00193971": "and what we're looking at is really dependent", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00700-00193971-00194172": "on what the attacker wants to do.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00701-00194172-00194467": "So we can do either a very high selective", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00702-00194467-00194817": "or a very area-wide denial-of-service attack.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00703-00194817-00195070": "So we can identify specific readers", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00704-00195070-00195254": "and attack just specific readers", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00705-00195254-00195630": "or we can deny access to an entire area.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00706-00195630-00195760": "And in the field,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00707-00195760-00195924": "in practice, what this means", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00708-00195924-00196244": "is that there are sensitive egress and ingress points", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00709-00196244-00196724": "that we can then prevent people from using unexpectedly", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00710-00196724-00197054": "and without any indication as to why or what's going on.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00711-00197054-00197435": "So turnstiles, especially locations", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00712-00197435-00197935": "that have a required, you know, badge in, badge out systems", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00713-00197971-00198180": "for mustering purposes,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00714-00198180-00198448": "security vestibules and mantraps,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00715-00198448-00198685": "you could create some problems", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00716-00198685-00199126": "by preventing those readers from working properly.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00717-00199126-00199385": "So, you know, if you disabled the RFID readers", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00718-00199385-00199657": "and the turnstiles or mantraps from working,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00719-00199657-00200004": "then you might be able to create artificially", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00720-00200004-00200240": "a situation where you'd more easily be able", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00721-00200240-00200525": "to social engineer your way into the building", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00722-00200525-00200808": "because if none of the employees can use their cards", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00723-00200808-00201046": "and, you know, business has to go on,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00724-00201046-00201133": "they might revert", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00725-00201133-00201432": "to just visual confirmation or identification", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00726-00201432-00201613": "via the printed badge.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00727-00201613-00201783": "Or any other special areas,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00728-00201783-00202134": "security operation centers, equipment rooms, et cetera.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00729-00202134-00202286": "On the lighter side,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00730-00202286-00202550": "yeah, you could, you know, just use the beeping function", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00731-00202550-00202849": "to annoy the heck out of some employees", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00732-00202849-00203056": "by beeping all the readers.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00733-00203056-00203322": "Or a attacker may choose", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00734-00203322-00203822": "to use the denial of service post-entry to evade security.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00735-00203825-00204246": "So after you successfully work your way through a door", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00736-00204246-00204344": "by whatever means,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00737-00204344-00204671": "whether it's lock picking, bypass, or card cloning,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00738-00204671-00205123": "you might choose to disable the reader temporarily", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00739-00205123-00205446": "so that even if someone does try to come after", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00740-00205446-00205798": "and inspect what's going on or engage you", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00741-00205798-00206046": "that they will have increased difficulty", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00742-00206046-00206263": "in actually getting to your location.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00743-00206263-00206650": "And the final really interesting thing that we came up with,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00744-00206650-00206848": "especially after Eric figured out", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00745-00206848-00207025": "how to reprogram an AirTag,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00746-00207127-00207280": "is ghost mode", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00747-00207280-00207605": "where we can program a device like an AirTag", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00748-00207605-00208028": "to scan for and only jam", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00749-00208028-00208287": "or, rather, you know, do the denial-of-service attack", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00750-00208287-00208611": "against the first one or two readers", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00751-00208611-00208789": "that have the strongest signal", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00752-00208789-00208898": "and what this would do", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00753-00208898-00209184": "is it would create the unusual situation", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00754-00209184-00209591": "where if you place this AirTag in someone's bag,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00755-00209591-00209927": "any reader that they approach will suddenly stop working", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00756-00209927-00210094": "and by the time they get to the reader", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00757-00210094-00210281": "and try to present their card,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00758-00210281-00210533": "the reader won't actually read the card", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00759-00210533-00210696": "and so they'll be like a ghost.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00760-00210696-00210959": "They become invisible to card readers.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00761-00211061-00211294": "So for some customers, this is a big deal.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00762-00211294-00211654": "For others who may not have these particular modules", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00763-00211654-00211866": "or Bluetooth-enabled readers installed yet,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00764-00211866-00212066": "it may not be a big deal.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00765-00212066-00212507": "However, we have been in contact with the vendor", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00766-00212507-00212776": "in working with some solutions.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00767-00212776-00213092": "So the vendor in question,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00768-00213092-00213291": "which in this case is HID,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00769-00213291-00213452": "is aware of the problem.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00770-00213452-00213683": "They are working on some firmware updates", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00771-00213683-00213900": "that will mitigate or minimize the risk", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00772-00213900-00214039": "related to this issue.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00773-00214146-00214321": "It will be made available", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00774-00214321-00214490": "through their Reader Manager application", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00775-00214490-00214983": "so you can remotely go around and update all these readers.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00776-00214983-00215155": "Although, at the moment, it does require", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00777-00215155-00215496": "that you use that app physically at each reader to do so.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00778-00215496-00215825": "They're also working on some methods in the future", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00779-00215825-00215984": "that are not available yet", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00780-00215984-00216484": "to allow for upgrading of certain readers over OSDP", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00781-00216532-00216723": "as long as the right hardware fits.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00782-00216723-00217010": "So that's not something that is finalized yet,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00783-00217010-00217306": "but will be available for certain configurations.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00784-00217306-00217407": "In the short term,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00785-00217407-00217577": "there's a couple of options", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00786-00217577-00217742": "that we think may be possible", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00787-00217742-00218141": "depending on the use case for different customers.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00788-00218141-00218444": "We do recommend that if you have to use mobile credentials,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00789-00218444-00218796": "if you have to have these Bluetooth-enabled readers", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00790-00218796-00218894": "in the field,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00791-00218894-00219123": "that you do provide some guidance and education", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00792-00219123-00219348": "to relevant security staff", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00793-00219348-00219610": "on how to respond to different situations", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00794-00219610-00219994": "if a bunch of readers stop working correctly, for example.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00795-00219994-00220169": "Some customers may decide", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00796-00220169-00220514": "to ask to have Bluetooth functionality disabled.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00797-00220514-00220744": "If you are one of these customers,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00798-00220744-00220917": "we do recommend that you reach out", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00799-00220917-00221167": "to your HID account manager", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00800-00221167-00221365": "and ask for guidance.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00801-00221365-00221467": "We may have update guidance", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00802-00221467-00221706": "that we can provide at the live talk", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00803-00221706-00221838": "but we don't have that yet,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00804-00221838-00222188": "so we're staying nice and general at this time.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00805-00222188-00222437": "And finally, some customers", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00806-00222437-00222602": "that are not using mobile credentials", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00807-00222602-00222859": "but still require OSDP", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00808-00222859-00223144": "may be able to, under certain circumstances,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00809-00223144-00223606": "get OSDP-only backpacks that, you know, don't have", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00810-00223606-00223880": "that additional Bluetooth layer of functionality.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00811-00223982-00224169": "But, ultimately, this is something", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00812-00224169-00224411": "that is really just kind of a byproduct", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00813-00224411-00224689": "of a lot of things kind of going wrong", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00814-00224689-00225005": "and adding up to a very unexpected situation.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00815-00225005-00225184": "So these are one of the reasons", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00816-00225184-00225560": "why a lot of us in the hacker and security community", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00817-00225560-00225779": "get a little bit nervous", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00818-00225779-00225990": "when people start just adding Bluetooth", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00819-00225990-00226144": "to all of the things.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00820-00226232-00226498": "So we'd really like to send out", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00821-00226498-00226623": "some thanks and acknowledgements", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00822-00226623-00226892": "to people who kind of really supported us along the way.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00823-00226892-00227219": "First of all, a huge thank-you to HID", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00824-00227219-00227519": "for listening and responding to the problem.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00825-00227519-00227729": "We know that this is not a problem", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00826-00227729-00227888": "that is unique to one vendor,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00827-00227888-00228096": "but these kinds of mistakes can be made,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00828-00228216-00228473": "you know, by a number of vendors.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00829-00228473-00228630": "In this case, it happened to be them", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00830-00228630-00228800": "and they are working through it.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00831-00228800-00228965": "Thank you to Iceman", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00832-00228965-00229336": "and all the other core contributors and developers,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00833-00229336-00229512": "you know, Philippe, or doegox,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00834-00229512-00229890": "and everyone else who is constantly contributing code", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00835-00229890-00230246": "to make the Proxmark3 even better and more stable.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00836-00230246-00230592": "All of our friends at the RF Village", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00837-00230592-00230796": "and RFID Hacking Discord.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00838-00230904-00231273": "RFID Research Group and the iCopy-X team", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00839-00231273-00231513": "for donating some prizes", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00840-00231513-00231831": "that we'll be giving out during our live talk.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00841-00231831-00232041": "And, also, Gordon Williams", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00842-00232041-00232191": "for providing us some guidance", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00843-00232191-00232383": "on some of the Node.js stuff", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00844-00232383-00232587": "when Eric was working through that code", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00845-00232587-00232762": "on some of the things that we had to tweak", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00846-00232762-00232968": "to improve performance.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00847-00233217-00233706": "So we also want to, all of us, briefly say thank you,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00848-00233706-00233945": "let me switch back to the quad view,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00849-00234030-00234488": "and say thanks for joining us, for listening.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00850-00234488-00234717": "Thanks for kind of putting up", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00851-00234717-00234956": "with how fast we've been trying to go through everything", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00852-00234956-00235371": "to try to fit it into the time slot that was made available", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00853-00235492-00235758": "and hopefully you guys really enjoyed it.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00854-00235758-00235871": "If you have more questions,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00855-00235871-00235961": "as we know you will,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00856-00235961-00236157": "feel free to reach out to us,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00857-00236157-00236502": "talk to us in person or on the RFID Hacking Discord.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00858-00236502-00236867": "We hope that you take a little bit closer look", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00859-00236867-00237009": "at some of the other Bluetooth solutions", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00860-00237009-00237284": "that are out there in the access control world.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00861-00237284-00237492": "And finally, if you're interested", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00862-00237492-00237733": "in really cutting your teeth,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00863-00237733-00238039": "getting your feet wet, learning more,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00864-00238039-00238130": "if you're a hobbyist,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00865-00238130-00238521": "come check us out at the RFID Hacking Discord.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00866-00238521-00238707": "Link is right here in the slides.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00867-00238707-00238901": "And if you're a working professional", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00868-00238901-00238984": "and you're interested", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00869-00238984-00239194": "in more hands-on training and certification", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00870-00239194-00239344": "for physical security,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00871-00239344-00239616": "come check out Red Team Alliance", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00872-00239616-00239786": "and see what we have to offer.", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00873-00239786-00240023": "Thank you very much again,", "nqwljEPBGlQ-00874-00240023-00240254": "and that's it, that's all we got."}}, {"audio_id": "nqyvm2P9sHc", "text": {"nqyvm2P9sHc-00000-00000003-00000389": "So, as I mentioned in the previous video when dealing with circuits we don't", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00001-00000389-00000873": "actually care about the absolute voltage. Instead we care about the change in", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00002-00000873-00001308": "voltage, the difference in voltage between two points. So, the way that we", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00003-00001308-00001788": "measure voltage is using a voltmeter. In my case I have a multimeter here which", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00004-00001788-00002472": "is acting as a voltmeter. Here I have a 9-volt battery which is connected to two", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00005-00002472-00003314": "different light bulbs. And the numbers on the multimeter shows what is the", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00006-00003314-00003704": "difference in voltage between the red lead and the black lead. So, this number", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00007-00003704-00004161": "here tells me the number on the red lead minus the voltage on the black lead. Now", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00008-00004161-00004602": "I've connected my battery to my two light bulbs I can use the voltmeter to", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00009-00004602-00005085": "measure the potential difference between two points in the circuit. So, if I was to", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00010-00005085-00005625": "take both leads and put them on the same point in the circuit. Here. So, the number", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00011-00005625-00006042": "is going to giving me zero there's zero volts. Any Coulomb of charge moves", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00012-00006042-00006651": "between those two points loses no energy. However, if I put the probes on either", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00013-00006651-00007145": "side of one of these light bulbs like that.", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00014-00007145-00007795": "Now the voltmeter is reading approximately 4.5 volts. That means that", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00015-00007795-00008396": "when a charge moves from this red lead to the black lead it's losing 4.5 joules", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00016-00008396-00008854": "of energy per charge. It would be the same if I had a go with the other one", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00017-00008854-00009253": "here. So, if I measured the potential difference between this point and this", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00018-00009253-00009914": "point in the circuit. And I'm also reading approximately 4, 4 point 5 volts.", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00019-00009914-00010390": "So, I can use the two leads of a voltmeter to measure the voltage through", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00020-00010390-00010700": "the circuit by choosing two points I'd like to measure the potential difference", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00021-00010700-00011153": "between. If I put the voltmeter and use it to measure the two ends of the", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00022-00011153-00011629": "battery then we would see that we are getting 9.1 volts. Since this", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00023-00011629-00011975": "is a 9-volt battery we'd expect the difference between the two terminals to", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00024-00011975-00012542": "be approximately 9 volts. So, here's a diagram of this circuit. What I'd like", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00025-00012542-00012901": "to point out is I've represented a 9-volt battery with the normal symbol but", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00026-00012901-00013361": "in addition I put the plus 9 volts on the positive terminal and 0 volts on", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00027-00013361-00013801": "the negative terminal. This is just a way of indicating how powerful the battery", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00028-00013801-00014228": "is, or in this case that there is a 9-volt battery. So, normally we just take a", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00029-00014228-00014626": "negative terminal to be 0 and then we increase the positive terminal by", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00030-00014626-00015053": "whatever the battery's voltage is. To represent a voltmeter on this diagram I", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00031-00015053-00015598": "will use this symbol here. It's a circle with a V in the middle. Then what I do is", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00032-00015598-00016118": "I choose the two points in the circuit where I want to measure my voltage. So, in", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00033-00016118-00016426": "this case here my bottom unit would be measuring the difference in voltage", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00034-00016426-00016898": "between one side of the light bulb and the other, and this would give us 4.5", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00035-00016898-00017303": "volts. If I wanted to measure the potential difference across both the", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00036-00017303-00017720": "light bulbs what I would do is connect my goal meter like this.", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00037-00017720-00018095": "So, now it's measuring the difference in potential between this point in the", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00038-00018095-00018545": "circuit and that point in the circuit, which would be in this case 9 volts.", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00039-00018545-00018941": "Note, normally the volt meter symbol would be drawn in black but in this case", "nqyvm2P9sHc-00040-00018941-00019348": "to make it clear I've drawn it for you in blue."}}, {"audio_id": "nqBs5Zi_Ay4", "text": {"nqBs5Zi_Ay4-00000-00000044-00000710": "SUBSCRIBE TO MY CHANNEL AND THE CHANNEL OF MY FRIEND SOUKO"}}, {"audio_id": "nr73tyyICHg", "text": {"nr73tyyICHg-00000-00001750-00001950": "Please press subscribe and like", "nr73tyyICHg-00001-00002050-00002278": "Mio, wake up", "nr73tyyICHg-00002-00002398-00002526": "I'm sleepy", "nr73tyyICHg-00003-00002616-00002816": "Let's have a snack", "nr73tyyICHg-00004-00002977-00003177": "What? What?", "nr73tyyICHg-00005-00003260-00003404": "I enjoyed it", "nr73tyyICHg-00006-00003440-00003600": "You didn't eat this", "nr73tyyICHg-00007-00003706-00003863": "I can't stop you", "nr73tyyICHg-00008-00003971-00004171": "Mio, what did you eat?", "nr73tyyICHg-00009-00004308-00004479": "Are you curious?", "nr73tyyICHg-00010-00004833-00005182": "Bon A PEY sent me nutritional supplements", "nr73tyyICHg-00011-00005267-00005467": "What's this? What's this?", "nr73tyyICHg-00012-00005719-00005919": "Is it food?", "nr73tyyICHg-00013-00006220-00006420": "It's all mine", "nr73tyyICHg-00014-00006710-00007003": "How about my model pose?", "nr73tyyICHg-00015-00007667-00007867": "Mongi, Shiba, how have you been?", "nr73tyyICHg-00016-00007966-00008068": "yes", "nr73tyyICHg-00017-00008108-00008272": "I'm doing fine", "nr73tyyICHg-00018-00008297-00008497": "It's suddenly hot these days", "nr73tyyICHg-00019-00008497-00008756": "I have a fever and sweat a lot", "nr73tyyICHg-00020-00008812-00008966": "I've lost my appetite", "nr73tyyICHg-00021-00008989-00009155": "Look at this. I lost my belly fat", "nr73tyyICHg-00022-00009309-00009676": "I cry a lot these days and my eyes get stuck", "nr73tyyICHg-00023-00009776-00010037": "I think it's time to take care of my health", "nr73tyyICHg-00024-00010190-00010478": "I see you guys are. I've been losing a lot of energy lately", "nr73tyyICHg-00025-00010500-00010786": "I only have two hairs left", "nr73tyyICHg-00026-00010863-00011170": "What are you guys talking about?", "nr73tyyICHg-00027-00011343-00011613": "We've been keeping ourselves healthy lately", "nr73tyyICHg-00028-00011666-00012000": "I've never been worried about that. I'm taking nutritional supplements", "nr73tyyICHg-00029-00012074-00012226": "Can't we eat together?", "nr73tyyICHg-00030-00012287-00012439": "No, it's all mine", "nr73tyyICHg-00031-00012944-00013250": "This is the nutritional supplement that Mio is taking right now", "nr73tyyICHg-00032-00013307-00013638": "All ingredients are revealed, so you can trust and eat it", "nr73tyyICHg-00033-00013696-00013995": "There are 60 capsules", "nr73tyyICHg-00034-00014083-00014283": "I'll show you the amount of Phil Pocket snacks", "nr73tyyICHg-00035-00014586-00014786": "What's this delicious smell?", "nr73tyyICHg-00036-00014834-00015014": "Can I eat it?", "nr73tyyICHg-00037-00015195-00015395": "This looks good", "nr73tyyICHg-00038-00015455-00015623": "Let's hurry up and eat", "nr73tyyICHg-00039-00016049-00016249": "It smells so good", "nr73tyyICHg-00040-00016636-00016836": "If you don't give it to me, I'll go", "nr73tyyICHg-00041-00016919-00017119": "But I want to try it", "nr73tyyICHg-00042-00017436-00017636": "Let's hurry up and eat", "nr73tyyICHg-00043-00018428-00018628": "If you put a nutritional supplement capsule in the peel pocket snack,", "nr73tyyICHg-00044-00018812-00019119": "You can easily take nutritional supplements without feeling repulsed", "nr73tyyICHg-00045-00019192-00019392": "Are you finally giving it to me?", "nr73tyyICHg-00046-00019705-00020034": "Can I have one more of this?", "nr73tyyICHg-00047-00020208-00020408": "What do you think of supplements?", "nr73tyyICHg-00048-00020557-00021016": "Maybe it's because I ate it with snacks. There's definitely less resistance", "nr73tyyICHg-00049-00021485-00021813": "There are many ways to take nutritional supplements", "nr73tyyICHg-00050-00022174-00022374": "Follow me", "nr73tyyICHg-00051-00022835-00023035": "First, take the pills yourself", "nr73tyyICHg-00052-00023252-00023452": "This is not my way", "nr73tyyICHg-00053-00023852-00024009": "bad", "nr73tyyICHg-00054-00024130-00024330": "Is there any other way?", "nr73tyyICHg-00055-00024622-00024957": "You can spray it directly on the feed", "nr73tyyICHg-00056-00025370-00025570": "Oh, that sounds great.", "nr73tyyICHg-00057-00025647-00025964": "You can mix it with water", "nr73tyyICHg-00058-00026157-00026357": "It became a green soup", "nr73tyyICHg-00059-00026609-00026809": "You can eat it this way", "nr73tyyICHg-00060-00026966-00027166": "It's not bad to get in the water", "nr73tyyICHg-00061-00028350-00028550": "Snacks are good", "nr73tyyICHg-00062-00028765-00029030": "You ate a lot today. Let's eat tomorrow", "nr73tyyICHg-00063-00029244-00029400": "That's cold-hearted", "nr73tyyICHg-00064-00029475-00029576": "I'm not playing with you", "nr73tyyICHg-00065-00030073-00030334": "Shall we play with doughnuts?", "nr73tyyICHg-00066-00030726-00030863": "You didn't forget your appointment, did you?", "nr73tyyICHg-00067-00030869-00030945": "Let's eat", "nr73tyyICHg-00068-00031234-00031544": "Did you put magic powder on the rice?", "nr73tyyICHg-00069-00032359-00032426": "Oh, I ate well", "nr73tyyICHg-00070-00032433-00033076": "Subscribe, like, and set the notification"}}, {"audio_id": "nrfNG1co7dU", "text": {"nrfNG1co7dU-00000-00000021-00000355": "(gentle chumming bells)", "nrfNG1co7dU-00001-00000703-00000992": "- Welcome to the EDUCAUSE community conversation", "nrfNG1co7dU-00002-00000992-00001162": "with Jamie Merisotis.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00003-00001162-00001543": "Jamie is the CEO and president of the Lumina Foundation", "nrfNG1co7dU-00004-00001543-00001766": "and the author of \"Human Work\"", "nrfNG1co7dU-00005-00001766-00001930": "in the age of smart machines.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00006-00001930-00002305": "So we're really lucky to have Jamie with us here today.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00007-00002305-00002518": "And let's start talking about the book.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00008-00002518-00002633": "Welcome, Jamie.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00009-00002633-00002737": "- Thanks very much, John.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00010-00002737-00002880": "Great to be with you.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00011-00002880-00003172": "- Is AI a force for good relative to workforce", "nrfNG1co7dU-00012-00003172-00003450": "or this just tremendous challenge?", "nrfNG1co7dU-00013-00003450-00003809": "- Ultimately, I believe that what we know about technology", "nrfNG1co7dU-00014-00003809-00003993": "is that technology has always created", "nrfNG1co7dU-00015-00003993-00004221": "more opportunities than it's destroyed,", "nrfNG1co7dU-00016-00004221-00004426": "but along the way it does destroy opportunities.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00017-00004426-00004702": "And so we've been talking over the last few years", "nrfNG1co7dU-00018-00004702-00004988": "about AI and work and about what,", "nrfNG1co7dU-00019-00004988-00005280": "I jokingly call the robot zombie apocalypse that's coming", "nrfNG1co7dU-00020-00005280-00005456": "because everyone seems to think", "nrfNG1co7dU-00021-00005456-00005782": "that we will see major major disruptions in work.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00022-00005782-00006071": "Maybe, I think there will be creative destruction", "nrfNG1co7dU-00023-00006071-00006360": "and a building happening at the same time.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00024-00006360-00006612": "I'm not sure that this era is any different", "nrfNG1co7dU-00025-00006612-00006873": "but what I do think is different in terms of what we need", "nrfNG1co7dU-00026-00006873-00007150": "to do in this era is better prepare ourselves", "nrfNG1co7dU-00027-00007150-00007341": "for this work that only humans can do.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00028-00007341-00007670": "And that means that we've got to focus on building", "nrfNG1co7dU-00029-00007670-00007930": "those human work traits and capabilities.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00030-00007930-00008358": "So if meaning and purpose and dignity is what we want,", "nrfNG1co7dU-00031-00008358-00008583": "it means that we've got to build our human traits", "nrfNG1co7dU-00032-00008583-00008924": "our capacity for compassion, for empathy,", "nrfNG1co7dU-00033-00008924-00009141": "our ability to be ethical,", "nrfNG1co7dU-00034-00009141-00009368": "our focus on collaboration and creativity.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00035-00009368-00009645": "These are the things that make us uniquely human.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00036-00009645-00010034": "- Crises bring out the best in people sometimes.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00037-00010034-00010421": "And sometimes that's true of systems as well.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00038-00010421-00010700": "Do you think the cluster of crisis", "nrfNG1co7dU-00039-00010700-00011016": "we're dealing with now COVID, pandemic, financial", "nrfNG1co7dU-00040-00011016-00011116": "do you think it's done that", "nrfNG1co7dU-00041-00011116-00011483": "or is it just revealing fault lines in education", "nrfNG1co7dU-00042-00011483-00011722": "and maybe in workforce training system?", "nrfNG1co7dU-00043-00011722-00012212": "- I think that the overlapping crises of COVID-19,", "nrfNG1co7dU-00044-00012212-00012584": "racial injustice, economic dislocation that we've seen", "nrfNG1co7dU-00045-00012584-00012986": "have done more to reveal the fault lines that were there", "nrfNG1co7dU-00046-00012986-00013301": "and not necessarily take us down new paths.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00047-00013301-00013531": "They've also probably accelerated", "nrfNG1co7dU-00048-00013531-00013744": "what we needed to be doing,", "nrfNG1co7dU-00049-00013744-00014038": "which is to recognize those important connections", "nrfNG1co7dU-00050-00014038-00014268": "between education and workforce training", "nrfNG1co7dU-00051-00014268-00014416": "that we've been talking about.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00052-00014416-00014729": "But, I do think that we've got to do a better job", "nrfNG1co7dU-00053-00014729-00014872": "of making racial justice", "nrfNG1co7dU-00054-00014872-00015138": "and equity core to what we do in the system.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00055-00015138-00015350": "I do think that we need to do a better job", "nrfNG1co7dU-00056-00015350-00015788": "of preparing people for these uniquely human tasks", "nrfNG1co7dU-00057-00015788-00016109": "of ultimately recognizing that learning, earning", "nrfNG1co7dU-00058-00016109-00016382": "and serving are part of an integrated system", "nrfNG1co7dU-00059-00016382-00016640": "not something that you're gonna do once in your lifetime.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00060-00016640-00017035": "- When you meet with college and university presidents,", "nrfNG1co7dU-00061-00017035-00017259": "what do you go", "nrfNG1co7dU-00062-00017259-00017542": "to those kinds of conversations wanting to stress?", "nrfNG1co7dU-00063-00017542-00017769": "What do you think is the biggest obstacle", "nrfNG1co7dU-00064-00017769-00018115": "to the kind of change you advocate for higher education?", "nrfNG1co7dU-00065-00018115-00018277": "- Part of the challenge for our industry.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00066-00018277-00018457": "And it's an understandable challenge is", "nrfNG1co7dU-00067-00018457-00018626": "that we have become risk averse", "nrfNG1co7dU-00068-00018626-00018927": "in part because we have long been", "nrfNG1co7dU-00069-00018927-00019186": "the engine of economic progress and social mobility", "nrfNG1co7dU-00070-00019186-00019294": "for American society.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00071-00019294-00019738": "So it's a classic case of aversion to risk and change", "nrfNG1co7dU-00072-00019738-00019887": "because the model has worked very well", "nrfNG1co7dU-00073-00019887-00020127": "for the country up until this moment.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00074-00020127-00020264": "So I think that that's one issue.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00075-00020264-00020452": "The second is a belief", "nrfNG1co7dU-00076-00020452-00020647": "in the durability of the model, right?", "nrfNG1co7dU-00077-00020647-00020916": "So if the model has worked up until this point", "nrfNG1co7dU-00078-00020916-00021244": "let's not append it, but I think we have an opportunity.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00079-00021244-00021442": "And the opportunity for higher ed is", "nrfNG1co7dU-00080-00021442-00021744": "that in this human work environment", "nrfNG1co7dU-00081-00021744-00021952": "what we say we've always done well", "nrfNG1co7dU-00082-00021952-00022174": "is really about human work skills, right?", "nrfNG1co7dU-00083-00022174-00022674": "So, we say that our greatest contribution to society is", "nrfNG1co7dU-00084-00022687-00023080": "that we prepare people for a long life of work", "nrfNG1co7dU-00085-00023080-00023407": "and living where they can be those critical thinkers", "nrfNG1co7dU-00086-00023407-00023672": "and those problem-solvers and those communicators", "nrfNG1co7dU-00087-00023672-00023889": "and the people who can really be analytical", "nrfNG1co7dU-00088-00023889-00024105": "and reason in a way of the ethical", "nrfNG1co7dU-00089-00024105-00024392": "and participate in our democratic system.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00090-00024392-00024690": "To me, this is the opportunity for higher education,", "nrfNG1co7dU-00091-00024690-00024812": "but in order to do that,", "nrfNG1co7dU-00092-00024812-00025012": "we are (mumbles) have to change the model", "nrfNG1co7dU-00093-00025012-00025343": "so that it is not simply one where you have to run through", "nrfNG1co7dU-00094-00025343-00025662": "a time-based a time limited model", "nrfNG1co7dU-00095-00025662-00025999": "where you're always focused on a core set of majors", "nrfNG1co7dU-00096-00025999-00026138": "and learning opportunities.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00097-00026138-00026388": "You need to focus on a much wider set of human traits", "nrfNG1co7dU-00098-00026388-00026608": "and capabilities and we're gonna have to do this", "nrfNG1co7dU-00099-00026608-00026761": "over the course of people's lives.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00100-00026761-00026986": "So this is not a one and done model", "nrfNG1co7dU-00101-00026986-00027162": "from the higher ed perspective", "nrfNG1co7dU-00102-00027162-00027433": "or from the perspective of the learner worker.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00103-00027433-00027656": "- Well, you've raised a lot of questions", "nrfNG1co7dU-00104-00027656-00027897": "and I'm pretty sure a bunch of people listening have", "nrfNG1co7dU-00105-00027897-00028114": "already logged on and ordered a copy of your book.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00106-00028114-00028197": "I hope so.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00107-00028197-00028338": "Cause I think it adds a really important voice", "nrfNG1co7dU-00108-00028338-00028625": "to this crucial conversation", "nrfNG1co7dU-00109-00028625-00028819": "as a country and really internationally.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00110-00028819-00029101": "So thank you Jamie Merisotis for joining us today", "nrfNG1co7dU-00111-00029101-00029272": "for our community conversation.", "nrfNG1co7dU-00112-00029272-00029412": "- John great to be with you."}}, {"audio_id": "nrAk22Hryno", "text": {"nrAk22Hryno-00000-00000599-00001359": "hello~ friend's im SD HOBBY~!", "nrAk22Hryno-00001-00001359-00001736": "Today is HGUC ZETA REVIVE Quick Assembly Time.", "nrAk22Hryno-00002-00043475-00044063": "I made it fun today. Let's find out about it together in review class.", "nrAk22Hryno-00003-00044063-00044584": "If you like my video, please subscribe and press OK."}}, {"audio_id": "nrRq70j_Uvg", "text": {"nrRq70j_Uvg-00000-00000003-00000696": "hi everybody and welcome back gonna make em pay me in that bag banana bread I got the recipe", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00001-00000696-00001479": "from would I get the recipe from let's look cha hound Food Network kitchen first of all", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00002-00001479-00002445": "this is my granddaughter what is your name yeah gia gia is gonna start by mashing the bananas so", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00003-00002445-00003300": "we'll see how gia does with these brown yes pull into this bowl so here we go here's the bananas", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00004-00003300-00004617": "they're so smushy past oh yeah but you have to if you're gonna make banana bread all right but", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00005-00004617-00005226": "you know what we have to do right cuz see art show more bananas your bananas they're smushy", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00006-00005226-00005940": "and they're gross aren't they don't we eat go right right do any boy them in banana bread", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00007-00005940-00006780": "they'll be good do you think okay so first of all we have to peel these bananas and then look", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00008-00006780-00007539": "good and I'm feeling good okay so take the skin off can you do that let's show them", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00009-00007539-00008292": "what we're doing take the skin off the banana and put it in the bowl not the skin the banana", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00010-00008504-00008927": "where do you think we help you", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00011-00008927-00009881": "what kind of easy that is we show them what we're doing there does beginner member cemoore", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00012-00009881-00010973": "look there's some more huh yes we need one cup of bananas smush so we need to probably smush all of", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00013-00010973-00011870": "these you want to open another one okay how are you to do do you want me to do this don't you want", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00014-00011870-00012686": "to do it I'll top if I do this one I'll do this when you do that one okay these are gooey bananas", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00015-00012686-00013238": "aren't they I had him in the freezer because what do you do with old bananas you make banana bread", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00016-00013238-00014006": "did you know that no well sure what do you do it what's your mom do with open nothing nothing", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00017-00014006-00016631": "I'm gonna go wash my hands okay I've learned even more funny definition", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00018-00016631-00017264": "and I got this handy-dandy Cuisinart toll and a garage sale for $1 can't", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00019-00017264-00018011": "beat that so she's gonna mush up these bananas let's see yeah push the button", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00020-00019172-00020084": "we got it we got mushed bananas home does your mom make banana muffins at home yeah do you like", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00021-00020084-00020915": "them so we're going to set this aside because we'll need this later now we have to add in", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00022-00020915-00021974": "this bowl flour not one sugar this one we have to put 2 cups of flour okay so let's get that", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00023-00021974-00023048": "kind of go with it because I know the cameras bouncing everywhere but I'm making banana bread", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00024-00023048-00024095": "with a three-year-old okay okay okay you can dump one cup in okay let me let me get it oh oh okay", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00025-00024095-00024791": "that's a half a cup okay dump that in or you get a little more let's hope the banana bread turns", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00026-00024791-00025598": "out okay let me see how much you got probably too much all right try that oh no in this bowl", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00027-00025598-00026288": "okay woah can you see that we may have two cups in there I'm not real sure about okay we don't", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00028-00026288-00027233": "need any more okay now we add one teaspoon of baking soda in there in this bag is my baking", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00029-00027233-00027974": "soda because I bought a big one so we need one teaspoon of this but don't dump it in there yet", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00030-00027974-00029233": "let me level it off because that's way too much okay okay how about that just don't know no you're", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00031-00029233-00030119": "the cooker how come you don't know yeah I need a half a teaspoon of salt yeah okay so he has that", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00032-00030119-00030872": "right what mr. monkey monkey should we show them mr. monkey mr. monkey has that yeah yeah how about", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00033-00030872-00031583": "if we just shake some in there that'll work just shake shake shake and then we'll put it back you", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00034-00031583-00032399": "mr. monkey Oh probably a little more ah yeah that might do it all right we'll put them back in mr.", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00035-00032399-00033473": "monkey mr. monkey I've had people too much what I get too much no I don't think so now we need", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00036-00033473-00034595": "eight tablespoons of butter one stick okay we'll come back with that now we've got some butter all", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00037-00034595-00035261": "right now we're back what do we have that melted butter all right and we need 1 cup of sugar oh", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00038-00035261-00035942": "we're gonna spill up yep see if there is there is butter in there don't spill it okay there's butter", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00039-00035942-00036926": "in there for real now we need a cup of sugar okay so that's your dog all right definitely well here", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00040-00036926-00037958": "how about if I move the sugar closer to you okay well no you need to fill it up fill up the cup", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00041-00037958-00039125": "okay the whole thing yes can you get it or do you need some help there or you could do half of it", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00042-00039125-00039650": "and then half of it let me see okay yep all right well we'll just do it this way all right there you", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00043-00039650-00040409": "go dump that in there there you go we need about three or four of those let me see Oh don't bend", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00044-00040409-00041564": "it yep okay I think we're gonna get a cup out of this eventually keep going yeah all right keep", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00045-00041564-00042335": "selling maybe I should have given her a smaller baby a half a cup maybe would have fit in there", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00046-00042584-00043271": "well now I lost track of what we got all right well let's see one more up let's do", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00047-00043271-00044054": "one more because he doesn't like sugar in their banana bread hey girls do you mm-hmm", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00048-00044054-00044816": "here let me just add all right there that might that might be good all right no more", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00049-00044816-00045704": "sugar we're good with the sugar all right so now thanks now the eggs all", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00050-00045704-00046721": "right she's gonna be the egg cracker there you go let's see how we that's one way of", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00051-00046721-00047261": "doing it there you go there you go there you go try not to get any shells in there", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00052-00047261-00048311": "yeah we don't want that in there yeah that to the side we're getting it", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00053-00048784-00050314": "one way of doing it isn't it hey does it dump out yet like that oh", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00054-00050314-00050890": "it did alright so now we need how many more eggs two more nope nope", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00055-00050890-00051577": "one more one more here we go again up your shirt she got it in there", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00056-00051577-00052423": "can you stick your thumb in there just stick your thumb in there and it'll that", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00057-00052423-00053434": "pull and then tear it apart stick it harden well it's one way I bet it might dump out", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00058-00053434-00054583": "now look at my show them what we got he likes showing the egg did it come out yet", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00059-00055577-00056204": "good job dad yeah Eric you want to wipe your hands on that little rag over there", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00060-00056204-00057074": "Oh how'd she do thumbs up you did pretty good all right now you know what we have", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00061-00057074-00057716": "to do I'm sorry this camera is so shaky I'm getting it now oh we've got a lot of", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00062-00057716-00058322": "egg stuff over here happening so now you get the mixer okay and I'll turn it on low", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00063-00059002-00059986": "this looks looks gross well it's not gonna be gross now we have to add these bananas", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00064-00059986-00060516": "show them the bananas so we got our bananas let's put our bananas in here you want to", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00065-00060516-00061333": "put them in here all right let's drop them all in there really the bananas are going", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00066-00061333-00062962": "in there Oh show me the bananas are going not sure why she did that all right good", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00067-00062962-00063567": "job should we use the mixer again yes okay put it in there let me turn it on for you", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00068-00064466-00065546": "alright let's just get this out the way alright holy moly looky you're hungry alright we should", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00069-00065546-00066095": "clean up a little bit oh yeah wipe your hand off how about if I clean up the little items over here", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00070-00066095-00066497": "there's a lot of eggshells", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00071-00066497-00067211": "there's a lot of eggshells at least the eggshells didn't go into the banana bread", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00072-00067211-00067952": "huh no we were lucky about that I didn't even let us all in there I know you didn't", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00073-00067952-00068600": "you did a good job you did a fantastic job now I didn't even let them fall in there you", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00074-00068600-00069140": "didn't even lose your band-aid in there either did you that's Tommy it's time go", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00075-00069140-00069785": "ahead I am really glad that being it is still on your finger again I do believe - come on I", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00076-00069785-00070379": "don't want it to come off either all right see this white in there huh let's mix that around", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00077-00070433-00074309": "okay stop mixing all right now you know we need to do all the banana stuff needs to go into this bowl", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00078-00074309-00075359": "yeah we still need the fork though yeah okay okay yeah can you dump the bowl in there and stir it up", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00079-00075840-00076281": "I hope it works", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00080-00076971-00078135": "they need me to scrape some okay that might be good then we start just start with the", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00081-00078135-00079119": "fork let's hope it turns out you know who likes cheap who likes banana bread Ethan", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00082-00079119-00079953": "Jeep honest I think he'll be surprised sorry we can't fly that me no try to get", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00083-00079953-00081210": "the flour off the edges oh my goodness oh don't drop your fork try to get the", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00084-00081210-00083196": "flour off the edges when you stir you want me to try to stir a little okay", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00085-00083196-00085011": "do you like Bishop wisely me I need someone all right so we've stirred it all should we show them", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00086-00085011-00085830": "there we go we've stirred it and now we're gonna put it in a bread pit I have a pampered chef stone", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00087-00085830-00086691": "that I have no hold hold please I probably need to help her let me show you how to do this I have", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00088-00086691-00087297": "a pampered chef stone here that I flowered and but usually I spray a little bit well why are", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00089-00087297-00088278": "we putting the hook I've got a mess got a mess already let's hold hold please come please please", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00090-00088607-00089213": "okay I want you to know that my grandson was snapping and he just got up and wanted pizza", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00091-00089213-00090122": "so I'm getting pizza and doing this at the same time I'm multitasking good grandma warden all", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00092-00090122-00090938": "right how about if we kick I'll help you a team on your name you can't be a grandma I'm", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00093-00090938-00091382": "a team all right I tried to change my name to Grandma but everybody knows me as CMOS oh", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00094-00091382-00091778": "I'm Jean wah I'm gonna be gee ma forever but that's okay all right so we're just", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00095-00091778-00092810": "gonna pour it and a bread bowl or dish or pan there we go oh good god oh if you guys could", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00096-00092810-00093644": "see yes it's a lot of work isn't it hmm they don't have a very good shot of our bread huh", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00097-00093644-00095000": "yeah scooping it in there all right oh did you see the cross it blew across the counter well we don't", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00098-00095000-00095882": "need that part anyway do we try not to try to get it in the middle not on the sides okay do you want", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00099-00095882-00096722": "me to finish no here how about if I help you hold the bowl up higher there yeah it's on you too she", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00100-00096722-00097238": "tasted it it tastes pretty good doesn't it all right here how about if I help you a little bit", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00101-00097987-00099238": "make sure it goes in the pan not my fingers entity now from how did I get it on my cheek here let's", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00102-00099238-00100018": "scrape way up here yes look I like mess of my bed up and clean my bedroom laughs do you like doing", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00103-00100018-00100603": "that yeah he likes clicking he likes messing the bedroom up and cleaning it up I don't know why", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00104-00100603-00101305": "okay I think we're done with that now let's try to show my pan we've got we're gonna have bread on", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00105-00101305-00101914": "the sides but that's okay right okay we don't stir it when it's in here when it's in here it's done", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00106-00101914-00102636": "and then we put it in the oven then we're gonna put it in the oven after I take you home and we're", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00107-00102636-00103522": "gonna save you some right tell cheap on not to eat it all now you told you play that give it up", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00108-00103522-00104068": "attached but I will be here no she won't be here when it comes out of the oven so we're gonna save", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00109-00104068-00105097": "you some right and you did a fantastic job okay so hopefully I will show this to you when it's done", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00110-00105097-00105742": "but just we can just think maybe it's good you might just get a picture of it I don't know but", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00111-00105742-00106552": "we did it yeah I hey Jerry Carrie they can't your name cake grandma but I know your name eighteen", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00112-00106552-00107521": "yes my name is Jamar all right you want to tell me tone goodbye like turner no perfect you see more", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00113-00107521-00108265": "videos bye bye you want to do it to my grandson wants to say bye say bye I can't touch the camera", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00114-00108265-00109015": "I'm all full of banana bread but there goes the camera in the banana bread ah oh you're gonna see", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00115-00109015-00109690": "a nice little like this I've come back for more bye okay now my camera's gonna fall in the sink", "nrRq70j_Uvg-00116-00110273-00110276": "Oh"}}, {"audio_id": "nsyIy9wEsWu", "text": {"nsyIy9wEsWu-00000-00001525-00002301": "Organometallic chemistry primarily involves the chemistry of organic fragments, which", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00001-00002301-00003277": "are coordinated to the metal. When we are talking about the organic part of the organometallic", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00002-00003277-00003979": "compound, we noticed that there are often changes in the reactivity patterns of the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00003-00003979-00004960": "organic ligand. Today, we would like to consider some of the changes, and see if we can understand", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00004-00004960-00005569": "the changes that have come about on the ligand, on the basis of the electronic structure of", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00005-00005569-00006239": "the molecules that we have considered so far. So, let us go through this.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00006-00006239-00006936": "We will give a few examples as we go along and see if we can glean some principles, which", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00007-00006936-00007870": "are behind these reactivity changes. In this first slide, I have shown you what happens", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00008-00007870-00008670": "or what the feature that we noticed when we considered a metal olefin complex. Primarily", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00009-00008670-00009296": "we have depletion of electron density in the pi bond. That weakening of the pi bond is", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00010-00009296-00010008": "seen by a lengthening of the carbon-carbon double bond distance. So, that implies that", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00011-00010008-00010572": "we have lost some electron density from the bonding orbital, and at the same time we have", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00012-00010572-00011249": "also populated the pi star orbital or the anti-bonding orbital of the olefin.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00013-00011249-00012259": "The result of these two factors should be what I have listed on the right side of the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00014-00012259-00013469": "screen. Namely, you should have a nucleophilic addition of the double bond, nucleophilic", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00015-00013469-00014243": "additions on the double bond. If there were electrophilic reactions of the free ligand", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00016-00014243-00015232": "then these should be suppressed in the complex. In addition a combination of the two factors", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00017-00015232-00015969": "that we gave mentioned. Namely, the promotion of electron density", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00018-00015969-00017020": "from the pi orbital to the pi star orbital should resemble the excitation of an olefin", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00019-00017020-00017719": "from its ground state to its first excited state. Although, we have not transferred one", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00020-00017719-00018469": "electron completely as in the case of photochemical excitation, it should be possible in the case", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00021-00018469-00019159": "of complex ligands. This helps us to see some type of photochemical reactivity. So, today", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00022-00019159-00019756": "we will take a look at some of these reactions and see how we can rationalize them on the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00023-00019756-00020103": "basis of our expectations.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00024-00020103-00021376": "In the first example, I have shown you the generation of an olefin complex in which the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00025-00021376-00022509": "olefin is complex to an iron two center. In this olefin complex you have the attack of", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00026-00022509-00023668": "a dimethyl malonate anion. The anion of dimethyl malonate attacks the double bond from the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00027-00023668-00024423": "side opposite of the iron in such a way, that we transfer the two electrons which are present", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00028-00024423-00025378": "in the pi bond onto the iron directly. Now, we have formed an alkyl complex because", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00029-00025378-00026176": "we started with a cationic system and then we attacked with an anion. The final product", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00030-00026176-00026952": "is a neutral product. There is no charge on the complex and we have started with an alkene", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00031-00026952-00028016": "complex and have ended with an alkyl complex. So, here is essentially a key step which is", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00032-00028016-00028881": "the attack of a nucleophile r minus on the double bond. This is exactly what we expected", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00033-00028881-00029675": "on the basis of the first effect that we saw namely, depletion of electron density from", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00034-00029675-00029931": "the pi orbital of the olefin.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00035-00029931-00030908": "There are several reactions of dienes and olefins. These involve oxidation, net oxidation", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00036-00030908-00031711": "of the alkene which is complex to the metal. Here, I have shown for you a reaction of cyclo", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00037-00031711-00032738": "hexa diene which in the presence of palladium acetate gets oxidized to one four hexene acetoxy", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00038-00032738-00033718": "hexane. In this one four acetoxy compound, what we notice is that the net result is addition", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00039-00033718-00034774": "of acetoxy groups in the one and four positions of the diene. So, this molecule has in fact", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00040-00034774-00035540": "added 2 OAc minus groups. Essentially it has added OAc minus groups", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00041-00035540-00036132": "at these two positions and palladium has been reduced from palladium, 2 plus 2 palladium", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00042-00036132-00036869": "0. Now this type of a reduction, this type of a reduction of the palladium and oxidation", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00043-00036869-00037722": "of the olefin is the net reaction. The individual steps involved in a nucleophilic attack of", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00044-00037722-00038533": "the OAc minus on the palladium complex, which is coordinated to the diene. So, here I have", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00045-00038533-00039175": "pictured for you the individual steps, and individual steps indicate that a diene coordinated", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00046-00039175-00040337": "to palladium is attacked by the OAc minus. The acetate anion generating pi allyl complex,", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00047-00040337-00041216": "this eta three pi allyl complex again undergoes reaction with an acetate anion and generates", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00048-00041216-00042294": "the diacetoxy compound. Here we can see that the important step or the key step involves", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00049-00042294-00043086": "the attack of a nucleophile on the coordinated double bond. If you notice the net reaction", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00050-00043086-00043783": "that is happening in this whole process is the oxidation. We can make this a catalytic", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00051-00043783-00044562": "process by bubbling oxygen through this reaction mixture because palladium 0 can be readily", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00052-00044562-00045024": "oxidized to palladium acetate can be oxidized to palladium acetate. This is done in the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00053-00045024-00045584": "presence of oxygen. Very often, it is done with copper two plus as a catalyst and the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00054-00045584-00046001": "presence of acetic acid to form palladium acetate again.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00055-00046001-00046656": "So, although this is an oxidation reaction the key step involves a nucleophilic attack", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00056-00046656-00047668": "on the coordinated diene. Here we see that the attack of an olefin, the attack of a nucleophile", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00057-00047668-00048352": "on an olefin is a process which is not favored when the metal is not present. But when the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00058-00048352-00048931": "metal is present the depletion of electron density from the pi molecular orbitals enhances", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00059-00048931-00049448": "the possibility of the acetate attacking the double bond.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00060-00049448-00050622": "Now, this type of an attack on a coordinated pi system happens in both neutral olefins", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00061-00050622-00051358": "dienes and also in allylic pi systems. Here I have shown you what happens when you have", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00062-00051358-00052251": "an alkene which has got an allylic hydrogen. So here is the allylic hydrogen that we are", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00063-00052251-00053079": "talking about, and in the course of interacting with the palladium chloride you can eliminate", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00064-00053079-00053774": "a molecule of hydrogen chloride. We went through this the various possible pathways by which", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00065-00053774-00054754": "this can happen in order to form a dinuclear eta three allyl complex.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00066-00054754-00056051": "Now this eta three allyl complex is pictured here, in fact it is", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00067-00056051-00057045": "something that could be written in this fashion. Also now you will notice that this allyl complex", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00068-00057045-00057954": "is capable of, is capable of undergoing a nucleophilic attack provided we make it more", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00069-00057954-00058513": "attractive for the nucleophile. How does one do that? Simply by replacing the chloride", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00070-00058513-00059395": "ion, the chloride ion is a negatively charged species, so it reduces the electron density", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00071-00059395-00059870": "requirement on the palladium. Hence, when you replace that with the neutral ligand very", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00072-00059870-00060812": "often this neutral ligand can be pph three or a phosphene and this results in the system", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00073-00060812-00061407": "becoming a neutral species. Eventually if you add two equivalents of triphenyl", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00074-00061407-00062132": "phosphene it can even become a cationic species. This cationic species turns out to be more", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00075-00062132-00062779": "attractive for the nucleophile and the nucleophilic attack now takes place nu minus. This can", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00076-00062779-00063641": "attack one of the ns of the allyl group resulting in the formation of the nucleophile. This", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00077-00063641-00064129": "nucleophile is attached resulting in the formation of a substituted alkene.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00078-00064129-00064711": "Now, where the allylic position has been substituted the hydrogen has been substituted by a nucleophile.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00079-00064711-00065277": "Very often the nucleophile has got a more electronegative atom like nitrogen or oxygen", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00080-00065277-00065898": "and that results in a net oxidation of the alkene in the allylic position. So, we have", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00081-00065898-00066757": "seen two examples here, where you can have a nucleophile, nucleophile attacking an alkene", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00082-00066757-00067553": "either on the double bond, or in the allylic position resulting in the formation of a new", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00083-00067553-00067653": "compound.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00084-00067653-00068326": "Now, we also notice that, during the course of studying the allylic complexes those allylic", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00085-00068326-00068825": "complexes are in fact a chameleon. A chameleon changes color depending on the surroundings", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00086-00068825-00069564": "in which it is present. The allylic compound depending on the oxidation state of the metal", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00087-00069564-00070423": "which is coordinated to it can change its property from an allyl radical to either an", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00088-00070423-00071139": "allyl cation. It can also change itself to an allyl anion. In this a picture itself,", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00089-00071139-00071687": "the slide that is before you I have shown you three different examples palladium and", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00090-00071687-00072405": "nickel zero tend to enhance the property of allyl group to make it look like an allyl", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00091-00072405-00072877": "radical. But the iron compound makes it look like an", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00092-00072877-00073631": "anion and the rhuthenium four species which is pictured here understandably makes it look", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00093-00073631-00074521": "like an allyl cation. Hence, it tends to be attracted by a nucleophile. This type of a", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00094-00074521-00075204": "changing in the reactivity of the allylic group is brought about by the ligand that", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00095-00075204-00075823": "is present. The metals oxidation state shows two things, the important oxidation state", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00096-00075823-00076948": "of oxidation state of metal, and also the ligand l that is present on the metal.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00097-00076948-00077904": "So, the modified ligand reactivity that we have seen here is a result of the general", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00098-00077904-00078734": "features of the metal olefin bonding. Now, we can also have additional reactions which", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00099-00078734-00079314": "are independent of the two factors that we have just considered. Consider for example,", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00100-00079314-00079951": "the protection of the double bond from the usual reactions of a double bond. Since, there", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00101-00079951-00080751": "must be the presence of an olefin the loss of conjugation with a polyene is also another", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00102-00080751-00081418": "possibility. Now we will see a few examples where these two aspects are probed.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00103-00081418-00082606": "A classic example is the interaction of dicobalt octacarbonyl with alkynes. This reaction is", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00104-00082606-00083377": "an extremely useful and valuable reaction. The formation of the dicobalt hexacarbonyl", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00105-00083377-00083948": "complex of an alkyne is extremely fragile. It takes place at a mild condition, under", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00106-00083948-00084775": "mild conditions. Secondly, the complex that is formed is reasonably stable and cannot", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00107-00084775-00085461": "be dislodged easily under normal circumstances. The double bond is the distance between the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00108-00085461-00086120": "two carbon atoms which holds the triple bond. It is almost close to that of a double bond.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00109-00086120-00087051": "We will also notice that the four atoms that form this unit turn out to be almost at the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00110-00087051-00087904": "corners of a tetrahedrane. So, it is almost like this, where let us just", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00111-00087904-00088957": "mark out the metal. The cobalt is in these two points in space and the two carbon atoms", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00112-00088957-00089663": "are in these two points on space in the tetrahedrane. So, this particular compound turns out to", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00113-00089663-00090285": "be a very useful way of protecting the triple bond from the normal reactions of the triple", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00114-00090285-00091036": "bond. If you have for example, as shown in this projection, that is there before you", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00115-00091036-00091633": "have a double bond and you have a triple bond. Now, if you want to carry out reactions on", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00116-00091633-00092345": "the double bond without affecting the triple bond, it is possible to just complex it with", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00117-00092345-00092844": "the dicobalt hexacarbonyl and then react it with the regions.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00118-00092844-00093419": "There are two extreme examples that are shown here. One is the oxidation the borohydride", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00119-00093419-00094555": "reduction BH 3 addition and oxygen oxidation. This results in the formation of the alcohol.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00120-00094555-00095783": "So essentially, we have added in this case an OH group and a hydrogen to the double bond.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00121-00095783-00096510": "But if you had left the triple bond unprotected it would have been, it would have also reacted", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00122-00096510-00096939": "with the BH 3. Now, at the end of this reaction what one", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00123-00096939-00097842": "does is to add an oxidant like Fe 3 plus. The ferric ion is capable of oxidizing the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00124-00097842-00099010": "dicobalt hexacarbonyl and cobalt 3 plus is generated. The carbon monoxide leaves the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00125-00099010-00099814": "coordination sphere of the metal. Now we will notice that this is not really green chemistry.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00126-00099814-00100482": "You end up destroying the protecting agent completely at the end of the reaction. But", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00127-00100482-00101054": "in cases where you do not have another option this might be the only way to go.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00128-00101054-00101749": "Here is another example, where the double bond is completely reduced to an alkene. We", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00129-00101749-00102578": "have added two hydrogen atoms, we have essentially added two hydrogen atoms to the double bond", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00130-00102578-00103235": "very conveniently in the presence of a more reactive triple bond. Once again the presence", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00131-00103235-00104110": "of this dicobalt hexacarbonyl moiety is extremely effective in protecting, the triple bond from", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00132-00104110-00104335": "any other reaction.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00133-00104335-00105060": "Now, there are some other reactions which we will take up later, but now we will look", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00134-00105060-00105795": "at the reactivity changes that happen for an aromatic compound. When it is coordinated", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00135-00105795-00106709": "with the metal center we have considered the way in which a chromium atom reacts. It is", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00136-00106709-00107383": "one of the favorite metal atoms for interacting with an aromatic ring. We see how a chromium", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00137-00107383-00108335": "atom interacts with the benzene ring now although the reactivity of the benzene ring is well", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00138-00108335-00109190": "known in terms of its reactions with electrophiles for electrophilic aromatic substitution.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00139-00109190-00109979": "We noticed that during the lecture on the aromatic rings, on the aromatic compounds", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00140-00109979-00110764": "of chromium the bis-benzene sandwich complexes of chromium. The friedel crafts reactions", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00141-00110764-00111670": "are not favored when it comes to these compounds. This is because the easy oxidation of chromium", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00142-00111670-00112526": "to a chromium plus one and then chromium plus 3. During the course of this oxidation the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00143-00112526-00113188": "benzene ring cannot coordinate any longer with chromium and essentially the complexes", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00144-00113188-00113609": "destroyed. But there are other reactions which are enhanced", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00145-00113609-00114359": "in the presence of metal atom. Here I have shown you, about four types of reactions that", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00146-00114359-00114938": "we can consider. The first thing that we would like to consider is a fact, that you can do", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00147-00114938-00115676": "nucleophilic substitutions of a group that is present on the benzene ring. This is rather", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00148-00115676-00116421": "unusual because usually you do not have a nucleophile attacking the, attacking the aromatic", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00149-00116421-00116911": "ring this is definitely a no, a nono in terms of reactivity.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00150-00116911-00117626": "This is because the benzene ring pi system is extremely stable and it does not allow", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00151-00117626-00118315": "for it disruption of the benzene pi system, but when the chromium is attached to the benzene", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00152-00118315-00118924": "ring, the effect of the chromium is sufficient for the depletion of electron density from", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00153-00118924-00119515": "the aromatic ring. This is sufficient to allow for a nucleophilic attack. What is interesting", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00154-00119515-00120434": "is that there is an effect, not just the benzene ring which is present here but also in the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00155-00120434-00121170": "benzilic position in the alpha and the beta positions of the substituents.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00156-00121170-00121849": "On the benzene ring you do have some changes; one of them is the increased acidity. By which", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00157-00121849-00122571": "we mean that the anion that is left behind, so essentially we are talking about this molecule", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00158-00122571-00124833": "right here or this fragment right here Cr minus. Essentially we are talking about this", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00159-00124833-00125803": "fragment being formed and this anion if it is stabilized. If this is stabilized, if this", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00160-00125803-00126465": "is stabilized then the activity of the acidity is increased for this molecule. This is how", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00161-00126465-00127086": "this anion is stabilized and this is something that we will look at in a moment.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00162-00127086-00127841": "You can also have increased hydrolysis, which means that if you have the same species let", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00163-00127841-00129069": "us just write the structure of that molecule. If you have CH plus and if this species is,", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00164-00129069-00129715": "if this species is stabilized to a greater extent than sn one type hydrolysis of this", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00165-00129715-00130444": "molecule would be favored. Surprisingly in both alpha and beta positions it is possible", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00166-00130444-00131439": "to have increased hydrolysis of x groups. Also the increased acidity of these hydrogens,", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00167-00131439-00132073": "they seem rather contradictory, but if you look at the electronic structure of the bisbenzene", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00168-00132073-00132939": "chromium we will understand why lastly, we have a pi system. Usually the benzene ring", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00169-00132939-00133611": "has got two phases and both phases are equivalent. But when we coordinate a chromium atom to", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00170-00133611-00134297": "one side obviously we have changed the reactivity, and the protection of one side of the benzene", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00171-00134297-00134563": "ring from attacked by any reagent.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00172-00134563-00135426": "So, let us first look at the source of anchimeric assistance. We said that the valence orbitals", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00173-00135426-00136313": "on the bisbenzene chromium were mostly the set of d orbitals. Some of these have been", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00174-00136313-00136920": "stabilized or have been given electron density to the pi star orbitals on the benzene. So,", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00175-00136920-00137610": "it is slightly stabilized that is, the dx square minus y square and dxy. There was another", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00176-00137610-00138330": "group which was in fact interacting with the dyz and the dxz.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00177-00138330-00139233": "Now, because these groups of orbitals are the valence type that is those are the most", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00178-00139233-00140349": "easily accessible orbitals the dyz and dxz can accept electron density. Any type of electron", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00179-00140349-00141207": "density change on the ligand, can transfer electron density to dyz or dxz. Like the increased", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00180-00141207-00141688": "acidity that we just noticed. Where you have an anion generated in the alpha position that", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00181-00141688-00142291": "anion can be stabilized by partial overlap with the dyz or the dxz orbital.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00182-00142291-00143026": "Similarly, if you have a cation then that cation can accept some electron density from", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00183-00143026-00143804": "the dz squared orbital that we have. Here this type of anchimeric assistance is easily", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00184-00143804-00144401": "understood by looking at the molecular orbital picture. This suggests that the valence orbitals", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00185-00144401-00145153": "are readily capable of interacting with the anion or the cation that is formed in the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00186-00145153-00145253": "alpha position.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00187-00145253-00146177": "So, let us look at bisbenzene chromium itself. We noted for example, that the lithiation", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00188-00146177-00147237": "of the aromatic hydrogen is in fact not a favored reaction. You can, you can and you", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00189-00147237-00147915": "do lithiated, but then it is not as favorable as it is with pure benzene. This in fact is", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00190-00147915-00148445": "consistent with the electronic structure that we have looked at for the bisbenzene chromium.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00191-00148445-00148969": "The chromium itself bears a positive charge and a slight negative charge results on the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00192-00148969-00149766": "benzene ring. This clearly suggests that you do have an increased electron density on the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00193-00149766-00150510": "benzene ring. So, it is not likely that it will undergo a nucleophilic attack. That is", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00194-00150510-00151229": "true for an attack with n butyl lithium. Now, we will look at how we can change this scenario", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00195-00151229-00151662": "and make this benzene ring more reactive.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00196-00151662-00152280": "Let us consider two different pathways. Here, if we change the metal for example, in this", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00197-00152280-00153317": "projection that we have here in front of you. We have changed the iron to iron 2 plus. We", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00198-00153317-00153862": "have changed the metal from chromium to iron and so in order to make an 18 valence electron", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00199-00153862-00154694": "complex. We have oxidized iron to iron 2 plus so here is a complex which is iso electronic.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00200-00154694-00155453": "The bisbenzene chromium is because the metal now has got a positive charge a plus 2 positive", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00201-00155453-00155883": "charge. It now becomes easy to attack the benzene", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00202-00155883-00156829": "ring and form a complex where the r minus has in fact attacked the benzene ring. It", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00203-00156829-00157484": "destroys the aromaticity and you have a pentadienyl complex which is coordinated to the iron the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00204-00157484-00158182": "net charge on the complexes now change from 2 plus to plus 1. What is interesting to note", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00205-00158182-00158782": "is that what bonds one ring is attacked. It becomes less reactive and the second r minus", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00206-00158782-00159928": "in fact attacks the second ring which was, which is still aromatic. That leads to a bispentadienyl", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00207-00159928-00160741": "complex which is shown here. It is clear that by modifying the metal system by enhancing,", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00208-00160741-00161416": "the electro philic nature of the metal, we can in fact change the nature of the benzene", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00209-00161416-00161630": "ring which is coordinated to the metal.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00210-00161630-00162469": "Now, we will move onto another way of enhancing the nucleophilic attack. That is by attaching", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00211-00162469-00163122": "very electron poor ligands as suppose to the benzene ring in the previous case. We had", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00212-00163122-00163728": "bisbezene chromium we have 2 benzene rings, which are attached to the chromium. Now, what", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00213-00163728-00164322": "we have done is we have converted the chromium benzene ring system to a chromium tricarbonyl", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00214-00164322-00165153": "ring, chromium tricarbonyl molecule. This as we know is a piano stool complex or a half", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00215-00165153-00165774": "sandwich complex because the three carbon monoxides are highly electron deficient they", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00216-00165774-00166523": "are capable of behaving as pi acids. So, electron density flow is in the direction", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00217-00166523-00167177": "of the carbon monoxide. The electron density on the benzene ring is moved over to the metal", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00218-00167177-00168003": "to a greater extent. In the following slides we will approximate the mco three unit as", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00219-00168003-00168720": "m with three lines each. One of these lines has got a carbon monoxide attached to it.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00220-00168720-00169364": "So this will make it simpler for us to draw these systems as we go along.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00221-00169364-00169936": "Here is the first example of fluorobenzene which is coordinated to chromium tricarbonyl.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00222-00169936-00170523": "Remember that each one of these lines represents a carbon monoxide. So, chromium tricarbonyl", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00223-00170523-00171301": "coordinated to fluorobenzene undergoes a nucleophilic attack with a second re amine. Surprisingly", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00224-00171301-00172172": "a carbon fluorine bond which is quite strong has now been broken and an amine has been", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00225-00172172-00172791": "attached to the benzene ring. This would be impossible in a simple aromatic system. We", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00226-00172791-00173485": "have been able to carry out a nucleophilic substitution reaction on a benzene ring using", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00227-00173485-00174046": "a simple secondary amine. This is purely because of the presence of this chromium tricarbonyl", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00228-00174046-00174980": "unit which withdraws electron density extremely well. As a result it is able to break the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00229-00174980-00175207": "carbon fluorine bond.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00230-00175207-00175744": "Through the intermediacy of course, of a sigma bonded intermediate complex we will come to", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00231-00175744-00176464": "that in a few minutes. This in fact turns out to be a general reaction you can have", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00232-00176464-00177024": "a variety of leaving groups and we have put a generic x. Here you can have a variety of", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00233-00177024-00177832": "leaving groups and these groups can be replaced by a series of carbon nucleophiles. All these", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00234-00177832-00178402": "carbon nucleophiles, many of them are pictured here have got at least one electron withdrawing", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00235-00178402-00178936": "substituent so that the negative charge on the carbon can be stabilized to start with", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00236-00178936-00179619": "so they are stabilized carbon nucleophiles. These nucleophiles now attack the aromatic", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00237-00179619-00180104": "ring very readily generating something like a meisenheimer complex.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00238-00180104-00180650": "Here you have the negatively charged species coordinated to the benzene ring forming a", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00239-00180650-00181438": "cyclopentadienyl intermediate. Then subsequently the x group or the leaving group is detached", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00240-00181438-00182013": "and you have the formation of the substituted product. At the end of this reaction again", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00241-00182013-00182902": "we have to oxidize. If you want the free aromatic compound one has to oxidize the chromium either", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00242-00182902-00183570": "with the iodine or ceric ammonium nitrate. Ceric ammonium nitrate is often abbreviated", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00243-00183570-00184282": "as CAN. This is cerium four plus which is now capable of oxidizing the chromium 0 to", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00244-00184282-00184998": "chromium plus 3 through one electron oxidations. This results in a convenient substitution", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00245-00184998-00185754": "reaction. It is a two step elimination addition elimination reaction that is happening. The", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00246-00185754-00186610": "r minus first attacks forms an intermediate, which is then undergoing an elimination process.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00247-00186610-00187348": "The person who studied this extensively was Martin Semmelhack, who looked at how we can", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00248-00187348-00188290": "functionalize organic aromatic species by simply using a chromium tricarbonyl unit.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00249-00188290-00189277": "The intermediate as I told you has been even crysto graphically characterized. It is basically", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00250-00189277-00190540": "a cyclopentadienyl complex which now is an eta five mode. It is an eta five mode and", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00251-00190540-00191365": "the carbon that is undergoing substitution is lifted out of the plane. Of the 5 carbons", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00252-00191365-00192070": "which are coordinated to the chromium, the negative charge is present completely on these", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00253-00192070-00192678": "5 carbons and that is coordinated to the transferring electron density to the chromium.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00254-00192678-00193398": "The subsequent oxidation can be carried out on this step which leads to the elimination", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00255-00193398-00194124": "of either a hydrogen or a x group. If a x group is present then one does not have to", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00256-00194124-00194670": "do the oxidation. At this stage you will just have elimination of the x group. Whereas,", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00257-00194670-00195160": "if you have, do not have an x group you can carry out nucleophilic substitution. Nucleophilic", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00258-00195160-00196076": "attack subsequently carry out an oxidation on the intermediate so, there are two different", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00259-00196076-00196466": "situations if you have an x group which can leave.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00260-00196466-00198038": "Then you have an intermediate which is present in this fashion. This molecule will lose a", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00261-00198038-00198619": "x minus, this is one possibility. The other possibility is that when you do not have a", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00262-00198619-00199189": "x group or a leaving group, still the aromatic ring is capable of undergoing a nucleophilic", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00263-00199189-00200217": "attack. The hydrogen can be released by subsequent oxidation step. That oxidation gives you the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00264-00200217-00200850": "substituted aromatic ring and this is a very convenient way by which a variety of aromatic", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00265-00200850-00201491": "rings can undergo substitution reactions. But very often they have to be stabilized", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00266-00201491-00201842": "carbon anions in order for this reaction to occur.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00267-00201842-00202651": "So, we have looked at variety of reactions where you can have nucleophilic substitution.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00268-00202651-00203402": "We will now look at the increased acidity of the carbon which is adjacent to the aromatic", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00269-00203402-00204209": "ring. Here I have shown for you the CH two group, the CH two group present adjacent to", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00270-00204209-00204901": "the benzene ring. If you treated it with sodium hydride it conveniently forms the anion and", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00271-00204901-00206121": "that anion undergoes a nucleophilic substitution. The CH minus conveniently undergoes substitution", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00272-00206121-00206626": "at the carbon leaving to a formation of an alkyl group.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00273-00206626-00207221": "This has another bromine at the third position so that comes again. One more hydrogen atom", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00274-00207221-00207781": "can be removed from this adjacent carbon because of this increased acidity. That leads to the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00275-00207781-00208489": "formation the convenient formation of a four membered ring adjacent to the aromatic ring.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00276-00208489-00209096": "This illustrates how you can have increased acidity of a carbon which is adjacent to an", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00277-00209096-00209408": "aromatic ring coordinated to CrCo 3.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00278-00209408-00210342": "Now, let us look at enhancing the hydrolytic reactions. Here I have a chromium tricarbonyl", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00279-00210342-00211138": "which is coordinated to an indenyl system. Indenyl saturated indene ype system where", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00280-00211138-00212223": "you have a hydroxy group. In the alpha position notice that this molecule, this molecule can", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00281-00212223-00212989": "form this CrCo 3 compound. This itself is not, is not a single isomer. You can have", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00282-00212989-00214281": "a mixture of two isomers; the carbon which is at this position is capable of being chiral,", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00283-00214281-00214981": "but we take the racemic mixture and it is interacted with CrCo 3.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00284-00214981-00215771": "We can form two different compounds, the two different compounds are the one where the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00285-00215771-00216678": "hydroxy group is present in this orientation and the other is a second isomer where the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00286-00216678-00217626": "hydroxy group is present with the same side of the CrCo 3. But by pointing away from the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00287-00217626-00218253": "weaver, you will notice that these two are in fact capable of being separated because", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00288-00218253-00218865": "they can be separated either on a chiral column by chromatography, or with an another resolving", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00289-00218865-00219380": "agent. But we has come about this type of separation,", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00290-00219380-00220096": "is come about because you have this large group this CrCo 3. It is coordinated to the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00291-00220096-00220709": "benzene ring now you can also have another set of isomers where the OH group is coordinated", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00292-00220709-00221475": "away from the chromium. Now, the more favorable isomer is a one that we have shown. Here it", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00293-00221475-00222369": "is possible to easily separate out one chiral in indanone and that can be oxidized very", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00294-00222369-00223067": "easily to form a chiral indanone. Now, we will notice that an indanone is a flat molecule.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00295-00223067-00223680": "There is no possibility for chirality, but when you have a CrCo 3 attached to it, it", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00296-00223680-00224478": "now turns out that it is chiral. Now, you can understand this if you consider the fact", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00297-00224478-00225238": "that although the indanone carbon is flat it is a flat molecule, but on one side of", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00298-00225238-00225869": "this flat molecule you have a chromium tricarbonyl unit on the other side. There is no other", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00299-00225869-00226657": "group so although the indanone, the ketone is a sp 2 hybridized center it becomes a chiral", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00300-00226657-00227354": "center. This is purely because it is oriented with respect to another large group, which", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00301-00227354-00227905": "is coordinated to the adjacent benzene ring. This is done in such a way that you have two", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00302-00227905-00228871": "different phases for the ketone. This is a convenient way of making molecule chiral although", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00303-00228871-00229576": "there is no chiral center at the point of reference, now it is possible to do the same", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00304-00229576-00230237": "thing with this isomer. Then you would get a different, the opposite enantiomer of this", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00305-00230237-00230798": "chiral indanone which is coordinated of course, to a CrCo 3 unit.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00306-00230798-00231491": "Now, what is more interesting is that if the chiral indanone was oxidized and the chromium", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00307-00231491-00232021": "tricarbonyl was released you would end up with a flat molecule, which is a chiral. But", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00308-00232021-00232767": "instead in this chiral version of this complex indanone, now you can carry out several reactions", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00309-00232767-00233628": "in a selective fashion. Here I have shown for you the abstraction of hydrogen from the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00310-00233628-00234255": "beta position. As I have mentioned earlier even the beta position is capable of being", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00311-00234255-00234742": "stabilized by the chromium atom. So, there is enhanced acidity at the beta", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00312-00234742-00235483": "position and once the anion is generated, this anion carries out a nucleophilic substitution", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00313-00235483-00236298": "on the methyl iodide resulting in the formation exclusive formation of one isomer. In a flat", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00314-00236298-00236984": "indanone you would not have been able to do this selective transformation. Here I have", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00315-00236984-00237752": "a second chiral center which is generated, but now the chiral center is generated selectively", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00316-00237752-00238498": "because the indanone carbon itself. The keto carbon in the indanone itself is chiral and", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00317-00238498-00239146": "it has handedness associated with it resulting in the formation of a single optically active", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00318-00239146-00239542": "form. Now, you can carry out more reactions you", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00319-00239542-00240363": "just oxidize it with air in the presence of light you end up with this methyl substituted", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00320-00240363-00240907": "indanone. You can also reduce the chiral indanone, react it with chiral indanone itself with", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00321-00240907-00241881": "an alkyl magnesium bromide and then oxidize it. Then you get a chiral indanol which is", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00322-00241881-00242481": "again possible only because you have carried out the reaction in this circutus manner where", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00323-00242481-00243067": "you have isolated a chiral indanone. Here there is yet another reaction where after", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00324-00243067-00243765": "doing the alkalation you have carried out reduction of the indanone to generate two", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00325-00243765-00244382": "chiral centers. So here is one chiral center and here is another chiral center and because", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00326-00244382-00245057": "we have started out with chromium which was inducing chirality. Then later removed it", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00327-00245057-00245634": "we have accomplished several reactions in a chiral fashion.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00328-00245634-00246281": "So, this set of reactions that we just talked about is because of the steric protection", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00329-00246281-00247080": "of the chromium tricarbonyl. Now, we will look at reduced aromaticity and the way in", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00330-00247080-00247681": "which protection of the double bond results in enhanced reactivity of other double, the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00331-00247681-00248487": "other unsaturated bonds in the system. Nickelocene is a twenty valence electron system. So, if", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00332-00248487-00249241": "you want to reduce it with sodium and ethanol you can do. So, if you add two hydrogens.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00333-00249241-00249852": "Two hydrogens easily with sodium and ethanol and those two hydrogens end up creating an", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00334-00249852-00251326": "eta 3 allyl nickel complex and eta 3 eta 5 eta 3 eta 5 system which is now, 18 valence", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00335-00251326-00251852": "electrons. So, this turns out to be a case where the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00336-00251852-00252759": "double bond which is not welcome to the metal is allowed to react with hydrogen easily.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00337-00252759-00253596": "This forms the saturated carbon-carbon bond. It also generates the 18 valence electron", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00338-00253596-00254684": "species. Now this can also, this also reacts with C 2 f 4 which is which is understandable", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00339-00254684-00255779": "because now you have the formation, of you have the formation of eighteen valence electron", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00340-00255779-00256832": "system again. This is, this is an 18 valence electron system, which is formed as a result", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00341-00256832-00257314": "of reacting it. Here again you can see that two carbons are", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00342-00257314-00258078": "isolated from the rest of the aromatic system. During the course of this reaction because", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00343-00258078-00258839": "the eta 3 eta 5 form of nickelocene is more stable than the 20 valence electron eta 5", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00344-00258839-00259825": "eta 5 system. So, C 2 f 4 readily reacts in a 2 plus 2 reaction 2 plus 2 cyclo addition", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00345-00259825-00260815": "reaction resulting in the formation of a bicyclo compound. This is again an 18 valence electron", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00346-00260815-00261127": "stable nickel metal complex.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00347-00261127-00262055": "Now, it is possible for us to rate the amount of electrophilicity that is present in these", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00348-00262055-00262169": "coordinated compounds.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00349-00262169-00263079": "Davies, Mingos and Green formulated what is popularly called as a DMG rules. So the DMG", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00350-00263079-00263628": "rules comes from the three people who worked on understanding theoretically, as well as", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00351-00263628-00264563": "experimentally the reactivity of various coordinated groups. The question is if you have multiple", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00352-00264563-00265323": "coordinated organic compounds, which one would react first. The Davies Dingos Green rules", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00353-00265323-00265856": "are easy to understand as they suggest that a nucleophilic attack will happen preferentially", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00354-00265856-00266561": "at even electron compounds. That means, if it is a C 2 or a C 4 then eta", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00355-00266561-00267434": "4 or an eta 2 compound will react faster than an eta 3 compound. Secondly nucleophilic addition", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00356-00267434-00268044": "to open coordinated polyenes is preferred over closed polyene compounds. These are the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00357-00268044-00268778": "two rules that can be readily understood and we will explain them in the following slides.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00358-00268778-00269501": "Lastly we should say we can add that the even polyenes. The terminal carbon atom is the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00359-00269501-00270175": "one which is most reactive. These can be readily understood from the molecular orbital picture,", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00360-00270175-00270536": "which is what they studied in order to arrive at these rules.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00361-00270536-00271215": "So, here are three examples that are very popularly given in this example. I have a", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00362-00271215-00271993": "molybdenum complex with a net positive charge and a nucleophile in this case. A H minus", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00363-00271993-00272760": "a hydride, a hydride is attacking this molecule and the question is which one would it prefer.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00364-00272760-00273579": "The aromatic ring as we have noticed does not lose its aromaticity significantly. The", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00365-00273579-00274409": "diene which is coordinated to the molybdenum is the second even electron system that is", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00366-00274409-00274900": "coordinated to the molybdenum. That is the one that undergoes the attack", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00367-00274900-00275402": "and as we have said in the third rule. The terminal carbon atom is the one which undergoes", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00368-00275402-00276101": "attack. This can be seen from the fact that the lumo of the butadiene is the one the empty", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00369-00276101-00276636": "orbital on the butadiene is the one that will have a larger coefficient on the terminal", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00370-00276636-00277352": "carbon atom. As a result you have attack on the CH 2, which then becomes a CH 3 group.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00371-00277352-00277952": "Now, you have a bisallyl complex and because you attacked it with an anionic group you", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00372-00277952-00278986": "end up with a bisallyl complex. This is neutral so the net charge on this complex is 0. One", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00373-00278986-00279951": "can see that the use of rules 1, 2 and 3 allow you to predict exactly the product that would", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00374-00279951-00280280": "be formed in this complex reaction.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00375-00280280-00281174": "For odd polyenyls attack at the terminal carbon atom is not the favored position. This might", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00376-00281174-00281848": "be surprising, but again based on the fact that you have in the lumo. If you have an", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00377-00281848-00282621": "allyl anion the lumo is a highest occupied the highest energy molecular orbital. That", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00378-00282621-00283189": "highest energy molecular orbital has got a large contribution from the central p orbital.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00379-00283189-00283850": "As a result it is more likely to have an attack in the middle of the allyl group than in the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00380-00283850-00284389": "terminal position. Whereas, if you deplete electron density from the allyl group and", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00381-00284389-00284948": "make it look like an allyl cation then a terminal attack is more favored. This is because the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00382-00284948-00285424": "middle carbon atom now no longer contributes to the molecular orbital.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00383-00285424-00286402": "So, here is an example where rule 3 and rule 4 are employed. You have the possibility of", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00384-00286402-00287464": "an e 2 odd systems and the closed polyenyl. This is eta 5 cyclopentadienyl unit or an", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00385-00287464-00288265": "eta 3, which is open center. It is the eta 3 open centers which will undergo reaction.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00386-00288265-00289011": "We also note that the eta 3 centers will undergo attack in the middle position. Sure enough", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00387-00289011-00289588": "a methyl anion which attacks the allyl group attacks in the middle position. It then forms", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00388-00289588-00290085": "an allyl complex which is pictured here. Once again you have a cationic system which becomes", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00389-00290085-00290398": "a neutral molecule at the end of the reaction.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00390-00290398-00291301": "Now, odd polyenyls if they undergo reaction they undergo reaction at the terminal position.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00391-00291301-00292100": "If you have very electron withdrawing groups on the metal atom so no plus, no plus and", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00392-00292100-00293058": "co are pi accepting ligands. They modify the reactivity, they modify the reactivity of", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00393-00293058-00293711": "the molybdenum so much so that now the methoxide attacks the terminal position. This is because", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00394-00293711-00294301": "the allyl has been depleted of electron density. This now behaves as if it is an allyl cation", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00395-00294301-00294791": "the previous example. We also had a metal which is in the same group,", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00396-00294791-00295478": "but now we have a cationic system which does not have electron withdrawing substituents.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00397-00295478-00296263": "Instead you had electron donating cyclopentadienyl anions. So the attack was in the middle carbon.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00398-00296263-00297021": "Here I have two electron withdrawing substituents. A nitric NO and a CO and this turns out to", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00399-00297021-00297624": "be the electron depleting. Decreased electron density results in an attack at the terminal", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00400-00297624-00297724": "position.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00401-00297724-00298405": "So, the altered reactivity of ligands is also seen in some other instances, where you have", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00402-00298405-00298919": "a diels alder reaction for example. The diels alder reaction that is happening here is happening", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00403-00298919-00299700": "between a hetero alkene and a cyclopentadiene. When you have a group like a Ph group then", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00404-00299700-00300368": "there is a possibility of having an endo and an exo product. The endo product, where the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00405-00300368-00300897": "Ph group is close to the double bond would be favored. In fact if you carry out this", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00406-00300897-00301550": "reaction in the absence of any other reagent, if you carry out this reaction in the absence", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00407-00301550-00302311": "of any other reagent you get a seven is to one ratio of the endo versus exo.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00408-00302311-00303067": "This is in spite of the fact that the phenyl group would be sterically encumbering the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00409-00303067-00303723": "nobonyl system. The electronic effects are secondary electronic effects which favor the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00410-00303723-00304504": "endo product. They can be modulated if the x group is coordinated to a metal pentacarbonyl", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00411-00304504-00305320": "unit. You will note that these thiocarbonyls and the seleno carbonyls readily coordinate", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00412-00305320-00306073": "to a metal pentacarbonyl. When the coordinated thiocarbonyl reacts with the cyclopentadiene", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00413-00306073-00306868": "then it ends up with the same molecule. Except that the fact that the metal pentacarbonyl", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00414-00306868-00307578": "is attached to the x group. Now, it turns out that the reactivity changes.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00415-00307578-00308173": "How does it change? Now you have a greater amount of the exo product. You have a greater", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00416-00308173-00308683": "amount of the exo product compared to the endo product this change in reactivity has", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00417-00308683-00309388": "been brought about primarily because of the mco 5. Now the rate of the reaction also decreases", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00418-00309388-00309833": "but, how do we know that the metal is a cause for this?", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00419-00309833-00310639": "So, I have already told you that it is possible to have this is chromium or tungsten. This", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00420-00310639-00311248": "is coordinated to the x group. If we change the tungsten, it gives you a ratio of one", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00421-00311248-00311914": "is to seven, where seven is a amount of exo. Seven times the exo product is formed. If", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00422-00311914-00312769": "you have chromium instead of tungsten then you have a change in this ratio a clear indicator", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00423-00312769-00313502": "of the fact the metal plays a role in modulating the reactivity of the hetero alkene, which", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00424-00313502-00313753": "is undergoing a diels alder reaction.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00425-00313753-00314661": "So, there is another large section where the catalyst which is carrying out the, or promoting", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00426-00314661-00315782": "the reaction has a chiral center. In which case, the metal is able to transfer this chirality.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00427-00315782-00316409": "Transfer chirality onto the product even when the product and the reactant and the product", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00428-00316409-00317052": "are not having any chirality. It is possible to transfer chirality from the ligand. This", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00429-00317052-00317615": "is this turns out to be an extremely large chapter so we will consider them together", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00430-00317615-00317797": "in a separate talk.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00431-00317797-00318689": "How about, let me just summarize, what we have discussed today? The presence of a metal", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00432-00318689-00319463": "on an unsaturated organic molecule alters its reactivity, and how it does so? Primarily", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00433-00319463-00320147": "you have an enhanced and directed nucleophilic attacks, we saw that not only there is enhancement;", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00434-00320147-00320753": "there is also directionality in the nucleophilic attack because of the presence of the metal", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00435-00320753-00321416": "atom, which protects one side of the pi system, and allows attack from the other side. We", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00436-00321416-00322044": "also noted that the oxidation state of the metal can enhance the nucleophilic attack,", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00437-00322044-00322555": "if it is more positively charged, then the nucleophilic attack is enhanced.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00438-00322555-00323293": "And ligands like CO and NO can also enhance the reactivity, because they withdraw electron", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00439-00323293-00324010": "density from the metal. So, these two factors are basically ones which are modulating the", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00440-00324010-00324680": "enhanced nucleophilic attack that we talked about in the first point. Now, if you have", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00441-00324680-00325263": "a double bond or a triple bond it is possible to protect it from further reaction by using", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00442-00325263-00326003": "a metal. This turns out to be useful especially for systems, where you have a triple bond.", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00443-00326003-00326761": "And further reduced aromaticity in a cyclopentadienyl system was observed when you have a twenty", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00444-00326761-00327161": "valence electron system. This of course, is a special case, but it", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00445-00327161-00327720": "illustrates the principle nicely that you can have the reduced amount of reactivity,", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00446-00327720-00328353": "when you have a metal not just the enhancement of reactivity. Lastly we saw several examples,", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00447-00328353-00329163": "where there can be pi facial selectivity because of the presence of a metal atom. We also noted", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00448-00329163-00329810": "that the passing that a metal, the use of metal in carrying out this reactions. Although", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00449-00329810-00330436": "it turns out to be a useful way of doing it, it is not necessarily green chemistry that", "nsyIy9wEsWu-00450-00330436-00330500": "is going on."}}, {"audio_id": "ns-WgId2dLA", "text": {"ns-WgId2dLA-00000-00000012-00000117": "- [Kristen] Today I am sharing with you", "ns-WgId2dLA-00001-00000117-00000420": "10 of the best desserts that I have ever made.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00002-00000420-00000534": "And I'm gonna be honest,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00003-00000534-00000819": "most of my treats consist of chocolate chips", "ns-WgId2dLA-00004-00000819-00001047": "that are secretly eaten in the pantry", "ns-WgId2dLA-00005-00001047-00001185": "when my kids aren't around.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00006-00001185-00001371": "That's like my safe area.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00007-00001371-00001713": "So I'm curious, what is your choice of treat?", "ns-WgId2dLA-00008-00001713-00001902": "Is it chocolate? Is it peanut butter?", "ns-WgId2dLA-00009-00001902-00002223": "Is it something like sour? Mine is chocolate.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00010-00002223-00002412": "But I would love to hear yours.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00011-00002412-00002562": "Now, when it comes to food, I get it.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00012-00002562-00002721": "You can be a little picky.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00013-00002721-00002991": "But when it comes to dessert, man, I'm not picky at all.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00014-00002991-00003282": "I will literally eat whatever's in front of me.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00015-00003282-00003686": "So that is why I'm gonna share with you my 10 best desserts.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00016-00003686-00003825": "I hope you guys love them.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00017-00003825-00004218": "The first one I'm making is my Mom's No Bake Cookies.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00018-00004218-00004301": "You're first gonna start", "ns-WgId2dLA-00019-00004301-00004491": "by adding two tablespoons of butter.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00020-00004491-00004677": "You're gonna melt that over medium high heat", "ns-WgId2dLA-00021-00004677-00004800": "on your stove top.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00022-00004800-00005050": "Then you're gonna add a half a cup of milk", "ns-WgId2dLA-00023-00005050-00005268": "and then two cups of sugar.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00024-00005268-00005457": "And just dump that right in.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00025-00005457-00005700": "Now we're going to mix this all together", "ns-WgId2dLA-00026-00005700-00006006": "just so it doesn't burn on the bottom of your pan.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00027-00006006-00006372": "Next, add two tablespoons of cocoa powder.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00028-00006372-00006648": "And then you're gonna add just a little bit of vanilla.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00029-00006648-00006945": "So about a half a teaspoon to a teaspoon of vanilla.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00030-00006945-00007086": "A little bit of salt.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00031-00007086-00007335": "And then go ahead and mix that all together.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00032-00007476-00007614": "Now, once that starts to boil,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00033-00007614-00007791": "go ahead and pull it off the stove top", "ns-WgId2dLA-00034-00007791-00008109": "and you're gonna add a three-fourths cup of peanut butter.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00035-00008109-00008457": "You can add creamy or chunky, whatever you prefer.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00036-00008457-00008916": "And then mix that in until everything is nice and smooth.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00037-00008916-00009283": "Next, add two cups of instant oatmeal or quick oats", "ns-WgId2dLA-00038-00009283-00009555": "while your chocolate is still hot,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00039-00009555-00009798": "'cause we wanna be able to mix that really well together.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00040-00009798-00010050": "Once that starts to dry, it's gonna start to harden up.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00041-00010050-00010293": "So we want to do it while it's hot.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00042-00010583-00010666": "Now I love using cookie scoops", "ns-WgId2dLA-00043-00010666-00010797": "when I scoop out these cookies", "ns-WgId2dLA-00044-00010797-00011034": "because then I don't have to burn my fingers", "ns-WgId2dLA-00045-00011034-00011349": "and they're all nice and even and proportional", "ns-WgId2dLA-00046-00011349-00011550": "and you get what I'm saying.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00047-00011550-00011703": "I like to scoop them out on foil", "ns-WgId2dLA-00048-00011703-00011877": "so the cleanup is nice and easy", "ns-WgId2dLA-00049-00011877-00012012": "and then you just let them dry.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00050-00012012-00012207": "Once they're dry, they harden,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00051-00012207-00012459": "and they are absolutely delicious.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00052-00012459-00012789": "Next up is our No Bake Eclair Cake.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00053-00012789-00013022": "So we have three and a half cups of milk", "ns-WgId2dLA-00054-00013022-00013116": "that we already poured in", "ns-WgId2dLA-00055-00013116-00013338": "just to make our lives a little easier.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00056-00013338-00013455": "Next, we're gonna add,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00057-00013455-00013833": "it's a 3.4 ounce of the French vanilla jello.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00058-00013833-00014010": "So we're gonna put it in,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00059-00014010-00014202": "it's like the instant pudding.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00060-00014202-00014297": "You wanna pour that one in for me?", "ns-WgId2dLA-00061-00014297-00014382": "- Okay.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00062-00014382-00014706": "- Okay. So we're gonna mix these in first.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00063-00014897-00015167": "Then we're just gonna mix it up real quick.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00064-00015167-00015413": "(upbeat music)", "ns-WgId2dLA-00065-00015413-00015534": "All right, so once this is mixed,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00066-00015534-00015711": "we're gonna put it in the fridge for a few minutes.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00067-00015711-00015794": "Let it set up,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00068-00015794-00016022": "'cause we're really making like the pudding out of it.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00069-00016022-00016305": "So our pudding is all nice and stiff.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00070-00016305-00016476": "And so we're ready to put in the Cool Whip.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00071-00016476-00016560": "Do you wanna put that in?", "ns-WgId2dLA-00072-00016560-00016695": "And I will mix it with the beaters.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00073-00016695-00016836": "- Okay. What size is this?", "ns-WgId2dLA-00074-00016836-00016998": "Eight ounce container of Cool Whip.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00075-00016998-00017199": "- Nice. And you can get the light, you can get any kind.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00076-00017199-00017457": "It will still work and taste good, so.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00077-00017457-00017630": "- [Elyse] It can't go wrong. Pudding, Cool Whip.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00078-00017630-00017805": "- [Kristen] I think Cool Whip might be one", "ns-WgId2dLA-00079-00017805-00017976": "of my most favorite foods.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00080-00018115-00018435": "(upbeat music)", "ns-WgId2dLA-00081-00018435-00018582": "All right, so once it's all done,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00082-00018582-00018795": "it will be a little bit runny.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00083-00018795-00019068": "I mean, it's still thick, but it will thicken up", "ns-WgId2dLA-00084-00019068-00019245": "as you put it in the fridge or freezer,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00085-00019245-00019386": "depending on how quick you need it.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00086-00019386-00019608": "This is the part of the eclair cake is graham crackers", "ns-WgId2dLA-00087-00019608-00019825": "and this, and that's about it, so.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00088-00019825-00020013": "- I was surprised when I found out", "ns-WgId2dLA-00089-00020013-00020200": "that it was a graham cracker base.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00090-00020200-00020283": "- [Kristen] Right?", "ns-WgId2dLA-00091-00020283-00020366": "- [Elyse] 'Cause something happens,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00092-00020366-00020622": "like the consistency or something changes when you-", "ns-WgId2dLA-00093-00020622-00020818": "- [Kristen] And it really makes it,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00094-00020818-00021061": "it just has a different flavor to it, so.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00095-00021061-00021228": "- [Elyse] It's a two-man job.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00096-00021228-00021447": "- [Kristen] Actually, we're gonna do it so you can see.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00097-00021447-00021558": "Okay, here we go.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00098-00021825-00021966": "Sure that's half, right?", "ns-WgId2dLA-00099-00021966-00022053": "Close enough.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00100-00022447-00022565": "Okay, so just kinda push it all.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00101-00022565-00022651": "- Smells like childhood.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00102-00022651-00022734": "- [Kristen] It does smell like child-", "ns-WgId2dLA-00103-00022734-00022857": "These are, most recipes we make on here", "ns-WgId2dLA-00104-00022857-00022974": "smells like childhood.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00105-00022974-00023112": "- Summer and childhood.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00106-00023112-00023304": "- Our mom was a good cook.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00107-00023304-00023469": "And you really won't be able to tell", "ns-WgId2dLA-00108-00023469-00023659": "where the breaks are on this recipe, because-", "ns-WgId2dLA-00109-00023659-00023955": "and so then we'll just do one more layer", "ns-WgId2dLA-00110-00023955-00024038": "of the graham crackers.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00111-00024038-00024228": "That will be the top.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00112-00024228-00024424": "Okay, so after all the graham crackers are on,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00113-00024424-00024597": "you put on your favorite frosting.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00114-00024597-00024957": "Now this is my mom's homemade chocolate frosting", "ns-WgId2dLA-00115-00024957-00025071": "and it's amazing.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00116-00025071-00025164": "I'm not gonna show you how I make it,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00117-00025164-00025299": "but I'll put a link in the description", "ns-WgId2dLA-00118-00025299-00025449": "for you so you can find it there.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00119-00025449-00025623": "Or if you don't like to make frosting,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00120-00025623-00025779": "if you wanna make this recipe really easy,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00121-00025779-00026008": "you can just grab a can of chocolate frosting", "ns-WgId2dLA-00122-00026008-00026503": "and just carefully spread it on and it will taste delicious.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00123-00026503-00026761": "(upbeat music)", "ns-WgId2dLA-00124-00027089-00027189": "Just gonna spread it around.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00125-00027189-00027379": "Now, there are some parts where there's no graham cracker.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00126-00027379-00027620": "You're just gonna put the frosting right over it", "ns-WgId2dLA-00127-00027620-00027926": "like there is graham cracker and it will be just fine.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00128-00027926-00028115": "- Kids are just gonna tear through this. You're fine.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00129-00028115-00028221": "- [Kristen] Exactly. They're just gonna eat it.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00130-00028221-00028413": "All right, so let's stick this in the fridge", "ns-WgId2dLA-00131-00028413-00028543": "for about an hour or so.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00132-00028543-00029037": "Number three is our Mini Oreo Cheesecake.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00133-00029037-00029301": "- [Elyse] So we've got two eight ounce blocks", "ns-WgId2dLA-00134-00029301-00029454": "of cream cheese that have been softened.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00135-00029454-00029580": "You'll want these to be softened", "ns-WgId2dLA-00136-00029580-00029718": "because you're gonna beat them", "ns-WgId2dLA-00137-00029718-00029835": "and it's gonna be a lot easier", "ns-WgId2dLA-00138-00029835-00030102": "if they're not cold and right out of the fridge.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00139-00030366-00030699": "So just blend it until it starts getting fluffy.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00140-00030699-00030888": "You'll keep mixing it in a minute,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00141-00030888-00031050": "and then you're gonna add two and a half cups", "ns-WgId2dLA-00142-00031050-00031220": "of powdered sugar.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00143-00031220-00031663": "And this whole recipe calls for one package of Oreos.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00144-00031663-00031908": "But you're gonna set 12 aside to go", "ns-WgId2dLA-00145-00031908-00032061": "in the bottoms of the cheesecake.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00146-00032061-00032144": "- Okay.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00147-00032144-00032310": "- And then you're gonna turn the rest", "ns-WgId2dLA-00148-00032310-00032477": "into just Oreo cookie crumbs.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00149-00032477-00032624": "- So we took the cream out.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00150-00032624-00032708": "- Yes.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00151-00032708-00032850": "- Did it into the crumbs. Perfect.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00152-00032850-00033180": "- And then we reserve some of the crumbs to put on top.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00153-00033180-00033396": "- Yep so it really is just a few ingredients", "ns-WgId2dLA-00154-00033396-00033678": "but you kind of separate a little bit as you go.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00155-00033678-00033780": "Perfect.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00156-00033780-00034092": "- [Elyse] So that's it for the cream cheese filling.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00157-00034224-00034437": "(upbeat music)", "ns-WgId2dLA-00158-00034437-00034554": "It's all mixed together.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00159-00034554-00034800": "So now I think we're ready to assemble the cheesecakes.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00160-00034800-00035027": "- Okay, so it's just a whole Oreo, right?", "ns-WgId2dLA-00161-00035027-00035115": "- Yep.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00162-00035115-00035198": "- Okay.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00163-00035198-00035577": "Now the Oreo doesn't fit exactly in the bottom", "ns-WgId2dLA-00164-00035577-00035808": "but that's okay because it's just gonna freeze over", "ns-WgId2dLA-00165-00035808-00036258": "and it really won't make that big of a difference.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00166-00036780-00036966": "So now you can use a spoon and do this,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00167-00036966-00037146": "but we're gonna just use cookie scoop", "ns-WgId2dLA-00168-00037146-00037287": "because then they'll all be even", "ns-WgId2dLA-00169-00037287-00037461": "and it will make our lives a whole lot easier", "ns-WgId2dLA-00170-00037461-00037709": "instead of like using your finger to get it out.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00171-00037709-00037830": "- And then it doesn't get on the edge too.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00172-00037830-00037923": "You don't have to clean it up.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00173-00037923-00038006": "- [Kristen] Yes.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00174-00038006-00038128": "- [Elyse] Okay.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00175-00038128-00038274": "So after she puts the filling in,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00176-00038274-00038627": "I'm just gonna spread it around to try and fill up that cup.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00177-00038627-00038838": "And it's okay if it's not perfect", "ns-WgId2dLA-00178-00038838-00039078": "but it will go a little bit over the top.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00179-00039078-00039316": "So just kind of press it down in the middle", "ns-WgId2dLA-00180-00039316-00039675": "so it covers the whole Oreo in the base.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00181-00039675-00039870": "- [Kristen] So my husband loves this recipe", "ns-WgId2dLA-00182-00039870-00040131": "and he thinks that it's like a lot of hard work", "ns-WgId2dLA-00183-00040131-00040293": "to make this recipe when really-", "ns-WgId2dLA-00184-00040293-00040392": "- Actual cheesecake.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00185-00040392-00040686": "- [Kristen] Right? Like, eh, it's like three ingredients.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00186-00040686-00040839": "- Yeah. That's all.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00187-00040839-00040923": "- That's my kind of cheesecake.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00188-00040923-00041006": "- [Kristen] Exactly.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00189-00041006-00041139": "- [Elyse] Because real cheesecake,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00190-00041139-00041325": "I don't have the patience to be dealing with.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00191-00041325-00041448": "- It's, it's a lot.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00192-00041448-00041531": "- I know.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00193-00041531-00041614": "- It's a lot.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00194-00041733-00041901": "- And this is good for summertime too,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00195-00041901-00042075": "where you just stick it in the freezer", "ns-WgId2dLA-00196-00042075-00042186": "instead of having to wait for it", "ns-WgId2dLA-00197-00042186-00042396": "to cook for an hour or however long.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00198-00042396-00042479": "- Exactly.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00199-00042479-00042660": "- Cheesecake cakes. Quick and easy.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00200-00042788-00043107": "- [Kristen] Perfect. All right.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00201-00043107-00043302": "While she's finishing up there,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00202-00043302-00043545": "I'm gonna take these lovely Oreo crumbs", "ns-WgId2dLA-00203-00043545-00043723": "and just kinda sprinkle 'em on top of each one", "ns-WgId2dLA-00204-00043723-00044025": "just to make them a little fancier.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00205-00044025-00044214": "I mean, you don't have to do this step, but-", "ns-WgId2dLA-00206-00044214-00044388": "- [Elyse] Yeah. Plus it covers up", "ns-WgId2dLA-00207-00044388-00044589": "if you weren't very good at spreading like I was.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00208-00044589-00044712": "- [Kristen] You did great.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00209-00044712-00044795": "- [Elyse] Little garnish.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00210-00044795-00044900": "- [Kristen] Little garnish.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00211-00044900-00044983": "There we go.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00212-00044983-00045105": "It's for the garnish.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00213-00045105-00045372": "- So after you've got all the extra Oreo cookie crumbs", "ns-WgId2dLA-00214-00045372-00045540": "on top we're just gonna put 'em in the freezer", "ns-WgId2dLA-00215-00045540-00045750": "probably for about an hour till they set up.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00216-00045750-00045833": "- Okay.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00217-00045833-00045988": "- And they're solid. Good to go.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00218-00045988-00046098": "- [Kristen] Oh I'm excited.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00219-00046098-00046389": "Number four is our S'mores Bark.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00220-00046389-00046563": "This one is so good.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00221-00046563-00046959": "So first we're gonna take just a bag of chocolate chips.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00222-00046959-00047055": "You can use any brand.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00223-00047055-00047190": "We like to use Hershey's brand.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00224-00047190-00047391": "Just, it's one of my favorites.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00225-00047391-00047553": "- I feel like it melts well too.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00226-00047553-00047715": "- [Kristen] Yeah, and if you like dark chocolate", "ns-WgId2dLA-00227-00047715-00047802": "you can make this with dark,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00228-00047802-00048030": "but I like milk chocolate.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00229-00048030-00048255": "All right, so we're gonna stick this in the microwave", "ns-WgId2dLA-00230-00048255-00048402": "and go about every 30 seconds,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00231-00048402-00048679": "we're going to stir until it's completely melted.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00232-00048679-00048885": "(upbeat music)", "ns-WgId2dLA-00233-00048885-00049131": "Okay. So everything's all melted, ready to go.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00234-00049131-00049293": "Now I put some parchment paper down.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00235-00049293-00049425": "I've also done wax paper.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00236-00049425-00049674": "You can do foil paper, maybe spray it.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00237-00050064-00050361": "Now you can make this as thick or thin as you want.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00238-00050361-00050481": "You can add more chocolate chips", "ns-WgId2dLA-00239-00050481-00050796": "but we're just doing the two cups today.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00240-00050796-00050940": "Spread this thin.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00241-00050940-00051189": "I like it thin 'cause it's more of a bark.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00242-00051189-00051272": "- [Elyse] Yeah.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00243-00051272-00051483": "- Okay. You can add the next stuff.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00244-00051483-00051804": "- Okay, so we're just topping it with graham crackers", "ns-WgId2dLA-00245-00051804-00052015": "that have been broken up in the chocolate.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00246-00052015-00052098": "Okay.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00247-00052098-00052245": "- [Kristen] Yes. All right.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00248-00052245-00052479": "While you do that, I'll do some marshmallows.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00249-00052479-00052650": "Kind of just do it in your cracks.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00250-00052650-00052923": "- [Elyse] Part about fire. Your hair absorbs all the smell.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00251-00052923-00053006": "- [Kristen] It is.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00252-00053006-00053089": "So now that we got most of it,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00253-00053089-00053371": "I'm just gonna go and just like pat everything down", "ns-WgId2dLA-00254-00053371-00053565": "just so it it won't fall apart", "ns-WgId2dLA-00255-00053565-00053751": "as you're breaking apart your bark.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00256-00053751-00053988": "- So to finish off the s'mores bark,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00257-00053988-00054161": "we just need some marshmallow cream.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00258-00054161-00054419": "Just use about half this container", "ns-WgId2dLA-00259-00054419-00054729": "and you're going to soften it in the microwave", "ns-WgId2dLA-00260-00054729-00054936": "until it is runny enough that you can", "ns-WgId2dLA-00261-00054936-00055260": "kind of drizzle it on top as a garnish.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00262-00055260-00055461": "So this was 20 seconds in the microwave.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00263-00055461-00055629": "You can see it's a little puffy.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00264-00055629-00055983": "- Now it's, it's a little hard to drizzle, but it'll come.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00265-00055983-00056172": "So like, yeah, I kind of just did that and then-", "ns-WgId2dLA-00266-00056172-00056427": "it doesn't have to be pretty because it's bark,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00267-00056427-00056510": "it doesn't matter.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00268-00056510-00056789": "So, and that's, that's literally all there is to it.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00269-00056789-00056958": "So we're gonna stick this in the freezer.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00270-00056958-00057060": "It works better in the freezer", "ns-WgId2dLA-00271-00057060-00057207": "'cause it hardens a lot faster.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00272-00057207-00057375": "'Cause if it's kind of warm in your house", "ns-WgId2dLA-00273-00057375-00057554": "the chocolate will get a little soft.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00274-00057554-00057767": "So I would suggest keep it in your freezer", "ns-WgId2dLA-00275-00057767-00057984": "before you're ready to serve it.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00276-00057984-00058119": "All right, stick it in.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00277-00058119-00058203": "- Okay.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00278-00058203-00058447": "So we took our s'mores bark out of the freezer,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00279-00058447-00058604": "broke it up into pieces.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00280-00058604-00058734": "You can see they're not uniform.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00281-00058734-00058914": "They don't have to be perfect.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00282-00058914-00059100": "- [Kristen] Number five is Reese's Fudge.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00283-00059100-00059460": "Now if you love Reese's, you're gonna love this one.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00284-00059460-00059790": "- So you're gonna take a nine by nine square pan,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00285-00059790-00059877": "line it with foil,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00286-00059877-00060159": "and then spray it with cooking spray.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00287-00060159-00060312": "Then you're gonna take your Reese's.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00288-00060312-00060573": "I had a very good helper helping me today.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00289-00060573-00060885": "We're gonna do 16 on the bottom of the pan.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00290-00060885-00061140": "Next you're gonna take three cups of chocolate chips", "ns-WgId2dLA-00291-00061140-00061584": "and then just dump them into a microwave safe bowl.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00292-00061584-00061794": "Now you could do this on the stove top also", "ns-WgId2dLA-00293-00061794-00061941": "but I love using the microwave.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00294-00061941-00062174": "Then you're gonna take one can of sweetened condensed milk", "ns-WgId2dLA-00295-00062174-00062475": "and just pour it in over your chocolate chips.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00296-00062475-00062826": "And I like to microwave in 30 second increments", "ns-WgId2dLA-00297-00062826-00063114": "and then stir in between each 30 seconds.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00298-00063114-00063351": "Then stick it right back in the microwave.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00299-00063351-00063641": "Now once everything is melted,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00300-00063641-00063828": "it's starting to get a little bit thick.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00301-00063828-00063945": "This is how we like it.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00302-00063945-00064263": "So now it's time to put it onto your Reese's.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00303-00064263-00064466": "We're making the rest of the fudge.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00304-00064466-00064713": "Go ahead and pour it on very gently.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00305-00064713-00064979": "The Reese's might come up a little bit as you're spreading,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00306-00064979-00065204": "so just try and hold them down as you spread.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00307-00065307-00065429": "Now it's time for the topping", "ns-WgId2dLA-00308-00065429-00065625": "and of course it needs to be Reese's.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00309-00065625-00065901": "So I started out with 22 Reese's,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00310-00065901-00066276": "I put 16 on the bottom and the rest I am just crumbling up", "ns-WgId2dLA-00311-00066276-00066489": "and I'm pressing down into the fudge.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00312-00066489-00066646": "So when it cools and hardens,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00313-00066646-00066900": "the Reese's will be stuck in there.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00314-00066990-00067119": "Now I let this sit in the fridge", "ns-WgId2dLA-00315-00067119-00067284": "for about an hour and a half", "ns-WgId2dLA-00316-00067284-00067554": "and it is hardened and ready to go.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00317-00067554-00067803": "So I'm carefully pulling away my foil", "ns-WgId2dLA-00318-00067803-00068019": "and then you can cut right into it.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00319-00068019-00068124": "Now I love this fudge", "ns-WgId2dLA-00320-00068124-00068319": "because you don't need a candy thermometer", "ns-WgId2dLA-00321-00068319-00068616": "and it actually keeps it shake pretty well.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00322-00068616-00068751": "I also love that you can see the Reese's", "ns-WgId2dLA-00323-00068751-00069009": "on the bottom and on the top.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00324-00069009-00069363": "Now whenever I make this fudge, it is gone instantly.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00325-00069519-00069663": "Number six,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00326-00069663-00069804": "if you're looking for something a little bit healthier,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00327-00069804-00069945": "this is my favorite cookie.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00328-00069945-00070194": "These are Skinny Banana Cookies.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00329-00070194-00070374": "- So I have two bananas here", "ns-WgId2dLA-00330-00070374-00070633": "that I'm just smashing with a fork.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00331-00070633-00070911": "You can use a blender or beaters too.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00332-00070911-00071103": "Whatever makes it easiest for you.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00333-00071103-00071262": "Now once it is nice and soft,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00334-00071262-00071415": "you're going to to add one cup", "ns-WgId2dLA-00335-00071415-00071835": "of old fashioned oats into the mixture.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00336-00071835-00071997": "Then you're gonna add about a fourth a cup", "ns-WgId2dLA-00337-00071997-00072313": "of semi sweet chocolate chips or milk chocolate chips,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00338-00072313-00072519": "whatever one you choose.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00339-00072519-00072729": "Then you're going to mix it well.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00340-00072729-00072989": "It's gonna take a minute to get everything wet", "ns-WgId2dLA-00341-00072989-00073146": "but just give it some time.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00342-00073146-00073554": "Again, I'm using my cookie scoop because I love using it.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00343-00073554-00073890": "They're all uniform and they all cook the same.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00344-00073890-00074139": "So that's why I love using a cookie scoop.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00345-00074139-00074376": "Now you're gonna cook this at 350 degrees", "ns-WgId2dLA-00346-00074376-00074742": "for about 12 to 15 minutes until they harden up", "ns-WgId2dLA-00347-00074742-00075156": "and they are cute little banana cookies.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00348-00075156-00075474": "Number seven is one of my favorite no bake treats.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00349-00075474-00075810": "It's Caramel Pecan Turtle Pumpkin Pie.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00350-00075810-00075972": "This is a game changer.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00351-00075972-00076149": "Now on the bottom of our graham cracker crust", "ns-WgId2dLA-00352-00076149-00076428": "we're gonna add about a third cup of caramel.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00353-00076428-00076511": "Can you see that? Yeah.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00354-00076511-00076719": "And we're actually just going to pour it.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00355-00076719-00077109": "Whoop! All over pretty much until it is covered.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00356-00077109-00077484": "Then I kind of just spread around a little bit.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00357-00077484-00077679": "Guys, that's gonna be amazing.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00358-00077679-00077787": "Ooh, I'm excited.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00359-00077787-00078066": "Next I'm gonna take a half cup of pecans.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00360-00078066-00078177": "Now it says chopped.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00361-00078177-00078393": "These are still some bigger chunks", "ns-WgId2dLA-00362-00078393-00078594": "'cause I like it that way on my turtle pie.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00363-00078594-00078999": "So you're just gonna spread these into your caramel", "ns-WgId2dLA-00364-00078999-00079263": "or caramel or whatever you wanna call it.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00365-00079263-00079464": "Don't judge me, just know that's what it is.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00366-00079464-00079605": "It still tastes the same.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00367-00079605-00080001": "Next we're gonna add two packages of vanilla pudding mix.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00368-00080001-00080268": "So these are 3.4 ounces,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00369-00080268-00080364": "so you're gonna add two of these", "ns-WgId2dLA-00370-00080364-00080670": "so it'll be just over like 6.8 ounces.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00371-00080670-00081054": "Then you're gonna add one cup of milk to the pudding.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00372-00081054-00081333": "Then just go ahead, mix this all together.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00373-00081333-00081435": "It's gonna be thick.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00374-00081435-00081591": "That's how we want it.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00375-00081591-00081918": "Then your just gonna add one cup of pumpkin puree", "ns-WgId2dLA-00376-00081918-00082164": "and we're just gonna mix this all together.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00377-00082164-00082296": "Okay, this is pretty mixed.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00378-00082296-00082476": "Now we're just gonna add about one teaspoon", "ns-WgId2dLA-00379-00082476-00082761": "of cinnamon and a half teaspoon of nutmeg.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00380-00082761-00082947": "We're just gonna add some flavor to this.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00381-00082947-00083115": "Mix all together.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00382-00083115-00083412": "Then you're just gonna slowly put this on.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00383-00083412-00083712": "Now the caramel is really loose and soft,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00384-00083712-00083919": "so you kind wanna do it in chunks", "ns-WgId2dLA-00385-00083919-00084111": "so it'll be easier to spread.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00386-00084111-00084194": "All right.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00387-00084194-00084465": "Then we're gonna put about a cup and a half or so", "ns-WgId2dLA-00388-00084465-00084756": "of cool whip on, or whipped cream.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00389-00084756-00084852": "Whatever you like.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00390-00084852-00084951": "I love cool whip.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00391-00084951-00085152": "That's my favorite thing.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00392-00085152-00085408": "You're just gonna gently spread this all over the top.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00393-00085408-00085688": "All right, so then we're just gonna put this little lid on.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00394-00085688-00085977": "Then we're gonna refrigerate it for two hours.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00395-00085977-00086265": "We want everything to just combine together.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00396-00086265-00086541": "All right, let's cut into this.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00397-00086541-00086868": "Oh man, I'm so excited.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00398-00086868-00087144": "Oh, that thing is thick.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00399-00087144-00087564": "Number eight is our Caramel Marshmallow Rice Crispy Balls", "ns-WgId2dLA-00400-00087564-00087855": "and we made these all together as sisters.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00401-00087855-00088191": "For this recipe, you'll need a bag of big marshmallows,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00402-00088191-00088398": "and I'm talking the big kind.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00403-00088398-00088752": "You'll need 14 ounces or just one bag of caramels", "ns-WgId2dLA-00404-00088752-00088995": "that you have unwrapped, the caramels.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00405-00088995-00089214": "Please don't cook these with the plastic on.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00406-00089214-00089484": "Next, you'll need one can of sweetened condensed milk.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00407-00089484-00089661": "This is 14 ounces.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00408-00089661-00090011": "Then you'll need five to seven cups of Rice Krispies cereal,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00409-00090011-00090237": "two tablespoons of butter,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00410-00090237-00090615": "and my secret for this recipe is bamboo skewers.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00411-00090615-00090698": "All right.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00412-00090698-00090953": "Camille is going to make this recipe for us today.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00413-00090953-00091215": "- [Camille] Okay. So I've got a little sauce pan,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00414-00091215-00091365": "and I'm gonna add some butter.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00415-00091485-00091568": "It's pretty warm.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00416-00091568-00091746": "We want this to be on low.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00417-00091746-00091986": "Caramels are pretty finicky,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00418-00092188-00092310": "and we don't want them to burn.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00419-00092310-00092499": "So keep it all on low heat.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00420-00092499-00092820": "Then I'm gonna add a whole can, sweetened condensed milk.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00421-00092820-00092994": "Then just mix it all together.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00422-00092994-00093271": "You're gonna wanna keep an eye on this", "ns-WgId2dLA-00423-00093271-00093534": "because it will start to burn quickly.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00424-00093534-00093852": "- [Kristen] Okay. Lauren is now trading places with Camille.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00425-00093852-00094116": "She took over the caramel job.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00426-00094116-00094311": "- [Lauren] Yes. We are almost there.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00427-00094311-00094572": "We're just waiting for the last few caramels to melt,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00428-00094572-00094701": "and then we're good to go.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00429-00094701-00094854": "- [Kristen] It took how many minutes, so,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00430-00094854-00094977": "do you think it took to-?", "ns-WgId2dLA-00431-00094977-00095127": "- Probably like six or seven minutes", "ns-WgId2dLA-00432-00095127-00095270": "until it was all melted together.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00433-00095270-00095373": "- [Kristen] Okay.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00434-00095373-00095526": "- We kept it on a pretty low heat so it wouldn't burn.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00435-00095526-00095610": "- [Kristen] Looks good. All right.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00436-00095610-00095742": "Should we skewer the marshmallows?", "ns-WgId2dLA-00437-00095742-00095850": "- [Lauren] Yes, let's do it.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00438-00095850-00096036": "- [Kristen] All right. Time to skewer.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00439-00096036-00096189": "So we have our little skewers.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00440-00096189-00096282": "Have our little marshmallows.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00441-00096282-00096365": "Lauren, are you gonna help me?", "ns-WgId2dLA-00442-00096365-00096448": "- [Lauren] Yes.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00443-00096541-00096624": "- [Kristen] Let's do this.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00444-00096733-00096825": "All right ladies.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00445-00096825-00096920": "Let's see it done.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00446-00096920-00097061": "- [Camille] Okay. All right.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00447-00097061-00097158": "- [Lauren] Go ahead, Mil.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00448-00097158-00097323": "- [Camille] We're going full dunk.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00449-00097323-00097446": "- [Kristen] Dip your mallow", "ns-WgId2dLA-00450-00097446-00097746": "and then into just the plain Rice Krispies.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00451-00097746-00097995": "- [Camille] Yep. The more the merrier.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00452-00098184-00098267": "I'm just gonna let it rest.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00453-00098267-00098361": "- [Kristen] Yep. Now when you serve these,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00454-00098361-00098463": "you're gonna take the skewer out,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00455-00098463-00098697": "but right now we are using the skewer", "ns-WgId2dLA-00456-00098697-00099054": "'cause it makes it a lot easier to dip.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00457-00099054-00099276": "This is like the tip that Disneyland uses right?", "ns-WgId2dLA-00458-00099276-00099478": "I see them using big skewers.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00459-00099478-00099654": "(laughing)", "ns-WgId2dLA-00460-00099654-00099963": "Number nine is our Three Ingredient Pumpkin Cookies.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00461-00099963-00100239": "I make these when I need a treat very fast.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00462-00100239-00100455": "First you're gonna add about 15 ounces,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00463-00100455-00100623": "so about a half a can of this big one.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00464-00100623-00100935": "This is 30 ounces of pumpkin puree,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00465-00100935-00101247": "not pumpkin pie mix, pumpkin puree.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00466-00101247-00101667": "Then you're gonna add one package of spice cake mix", "ns-WgId2dLA-00467-00101667-00101907": "and then just a cup of chocolate chips.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00468-00101907-00102120": "I like to use milk chocolate chips,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00469-00102120-00102258": "but you can use whatever kind you like", "ns-WgId2dLA-00470-00102258-00102606": "and I am eyeballing so probably doing more than a cup,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00471-00102606-00102948": "'cause really you could always have more chocolate chips.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00472-00102948-00103126": "Scoop it with a spoon and then just kind of", "ns-WgId2dLA-00473-00103126-00103452": "put on a blob just like that.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00474-00103452-00103551": "It will work either way.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00475-00103551-00103843": "But I love the cookies scoop 'cause", "ns-WgId2dLA-00476-00103843-00104118": "I don't have to touch anything. Super easy.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00477-00104118-00104323": "So usually if I'm giving the cookies away,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00478-00104323-00104574": "my secret is I'll put a few chocolate chips", "ns-WgId2dLA-00479-00104574-00104790": "just on top to make it look,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00480-00104790-00104989": "you know, like there's tons in there", "ns-WgId2dLA-00481-00104989-00105236": "and it just makes them look better.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00482-00105236-00105424": "We're gonna bake these at 350 degrees", "ns-WgId2dLA-00483-00105424-00105633": "for about eight minutes.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00484-00105633-00105732": "And number 10,", "ns-WgId2dLA-00485-00105732-00106058": "my most favorite one that I could eat literally every week", "ns-WgId2dLA-00486-00106058-00106342": "is Lunch Lady Peanut Butter Bars.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00487-00106342-00106600": "(gentle music)", "ns-WgId2dLA-00488-00108377-00108718": "(gentle music continues)", "ns-WgId2dLA-00489-00111236-00111495": "Now if you love these desserts, I have more for you.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00490-00111495-00111765": "These are my three ingredient desserts right there.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00491-00111765-00111848": "All right guys.", "ns-WgId2dLA-00492-00111848-00111960": "I'll see you next time."}}, {"audio_id": "nsMB8ocqP5Y", "text": {"nsMB8ocqP5Y-00000-00000168-00000858": "Hello everyone, my name is Mike Cheung. I'm going to give a very brief introduction to the metaSEM", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00001-00000858-00001482": "package in this video. The metaSEMpackage conducts meta-analysis using a structural equation", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00002-00001482-00002208": "modeling or SEM framework. It uses the OpenMx,  lavaan and semPlot packages at the backend.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00003-00002262-00002994": "The R code and the relevant files of this presentation available at GitHub please refer", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00004-00002994-00003732": "to it. In this video, I'm going to focus on how to use the metaSEM package to conduct analysis.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00005-00003792-00004158": "Please refer to the relevant documents for the theories behind it.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00006-00004290-00004872": "In the first part we are going to present a MASEM or meta-analytic structural equation modeling", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00007-00004872-00005532": "to to combine correlation matrices and to fit structural equation models on the average", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00008-00005532-00006306": "correlation Matrix. We'll illustrate the procedures with an example in the theory of planned behaviors.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00009-00006384-00007152": "There are five variables , they are attitudes,  subjective norm, perceived behavior control,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00010-00007152-00007818": "behavioral intention and behaviors. So this is the theory, this is the model we are going to fit.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00011-00007968-00008904": "First of all we may load the package and also the data frame of the primary data are the list", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00012-00008904-00009516": "of Correlation matrices and their sample sizes,  so here are three of them, so then listed here.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00013-00009618-00010122": "These 3 correlation matrices, please note that there are also", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00014-00010122-00010632": "missing data and they are represented by NA and here are the sample sizes,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00015-00010920-00011274": "and we also extract the variable names", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00016-00011340-00012126": "for future use. The first thing for us is to check the missing pattern, so we can use this command", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00017-00012258-00012816": "and we can see for some variables that 23 studies for the behave", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00018-00012918-00013697": "the only six and we can also check the sample sizes on each the total sample size on each cell.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00019-00013884-00014466": "The first part is to conduct a two-stage structure equation model, we are going to", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00020-00014466-00015413": "use a random-effects model and the syntax is like this random, so this is the object. We are going", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00021-00015413-00016338": "to save for our analysis, we include the data, the sample size and then the method we specify random", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00022-00016338-00016950": "effect model and we assume the random effects are independent because we may not have enough", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00023-00016950-00017700": "data to estimate the full variance covariance  Matrix and we can get a summary, so how here's", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00024-00017700-00018438": "how to read the output, the first part are labeled in the steps 1 to 10, are the average correlation", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00025-00018438-00019014": "Matrix because there are 5 variables so totally we have 10 correlation coefficients.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00026-00019182-00019800": "Then the other one labeled with tau2, they are the variance covariance Matrix", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00027-00019902-00020694": "and we can also get the heterogeneity, the I squares on each correlation coefficient.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00028-00020832-00021348": "For each of our reference, we can also extract the fixed effects", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00029-00021426-00022188": "component and arrange them in a way so we can see this is a pooled correlation matrix, so", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00030-00022188-00022878": "we have 5 variables so this is the average correlation Matrix consists of a 5 by 5,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00031-00023010-00023868": "and we can also extract the variance component by extracting the random part and moreover, we can also", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00032-00023868-00024720": "use the variance Correlation function to extract the full variance covariance component. Please", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00033-00024720-00025416": "note, that the off diagonals are all zeros because we assume these random effects are independent,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00034-00025548-00026274": "okay then now we can fit the structure equation model to specify the model we can use a Lavaan", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00035-00026274-00027012": "syntax, like this so we save it as model 1 and we specify the paths coefficients.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00036-00027492-00028014": "Since we are analyzing a correlation  matrix, the variances of the independent variables", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00037-00028014-00028704": "are fixed as one and we also allowed the predictors to be correlated and", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00038-00028704-00028998": "here's the graphical representation of our model.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00039-00029268-00030006": "Then we can use a lavaan2Ram function to convert it into RAM representation. It is", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00040-00030006-00030714": "because the metaSEM package, only understand the RAM representation. There are three matrices to", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00041-00030714-00031416": "represent a structural equation model in the RAM representation. The first one is the \"A\" matrix, it", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00042-00031416-00032172": "represents the path coefficients including regression coefficients and vector loadings,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00043-00032304-00032826": "the columns represent the independent variables and the rows represent the", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00044-00032826-00033978": "dependent variable. For example this one  BIonATT, it represents the path from ATT to bi", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00045-00034224-00034884": "and there's an also another \"S\" matrix which represents the symmetric part for samples of", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00046-00034884-00035538": "variances and covariances and we can also see for the independent variables, the variances", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00047-00035538-00036234": "are fixed at 1. And finally there's an \"F\" matrix to indicate which variables are", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00048-00036234-00037086": "observed,left in these examples all 4 in these examples, all 5 variables are observed,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00049-00037236-00038076": "now we can use it to fit our model, our stage 2 model and get the summaries. So for these parts, the", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00050-00038076-00038748": "outputs are quite similar to standard structure equation models,  we have all the labeled elements.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00051-00038808-00039438": "Moreover, we also have various goodness of fit indices:for example the chi-square of", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00052-00039438-00040332": "the target Model, the DF and the P values and also RMSEA and is 95% CI and also other fit indices.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00053-00040512-00041016": "Moreover, we can also plot the model to get some sense how it looks like,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00054-00041412-00041958": "when we are using structure equation models we can impose constraints to test various research", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00055-00041958-00042678": "questions. For example, in this case we may want to test whether the path coefficients from the", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00056-00042678-00043374": "independent variables to bi the mediator are the same, so we can use the same labels", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00057-00043458-00043956": "and this is our model bionX, it means from the predictors", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00058-00044022-00044586": "to bi, we are assume all of them are identical in these three paths.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00059-00044742-00045642": "Now we can convert it into the RAM representation and then we fit it and when we look at the output", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00060-00045642-00046524": "all of them are the same because we force them to be identical and we can get the usual chi-square,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00061-00046626-00047436": "statistics p-value and more...  We can also check the output graphically, so these three paths are", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00062-00047436-00048156": "all the same 0.29. Finally we can also ask the question, is this statistically different from a", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00063-00048156-00048846": "model without imposing the constraints since these two models are nested, the models with constraint", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00064-00048846-00049434": "and model without constraints. Then we can use the Anova functions to compare these two models,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00065-00049488-00050214": "and in this example, the chi-square difference test is about 35 and the DF is 2 and the", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00066-00050214-00050940": "p-value is very small. Then you suggest that we shouldn't impose constraints on these three paths,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00067-00051114-00051852": "another advantage of using the metaSEM package is we can use it to calculate various", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00068-00051852-00052398": "functions of parameters. For example we may be interested in the R squares on the mediator", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00069-00052398-00053022": "and dependent variable and we can also want to calculate the direct effect and indirect effects,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00070-00053022-00053712": "which are functions of the parameter estimate and we can also use a likelihood-based confidence interval", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00071-00053712-00054570": "to get the 95% confidence intervals on these functions.  Okay, so let's see how to do it. First of all,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00072-00054660-00055374": "we can label each coefficients so it make it easier for future calculations, so we", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00073-00055374-00056112": "label all the paths. Secondly we can also label the error variance, okay so", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00074-00056196-00056820": "because we know that since all variables are standardized, R squared represents 1 minus", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00075-00056879-00057720": "the error variance, so we can calculate every the R squared on BI and R square on the BEH by", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00076-00057720-00058572": "using 1- error variance. Moreover, we can also define various indirect effects", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00077-00058691-00059436": "and also the sum of the indirect effects, there are three paths and then the Direct effects and then", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00078-00059436-00060198": "the total effects. Okay so this graph so shows us all the paths with the labels and then we can use", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00079-00060198-00060738": "them to calculate the direct effects, the indirect effects, the total effects and then the R squared.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00080-00060870-00061488": "Finally we convert it into the RAM model and in the outputs we can", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00081-00061488-00062117": "also see the actual computations which will be one in in the functions later,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00082-00062304-00063155": "then we can refit it but in here we need to make two minor changes. First of all, we need to use the", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00083-00063155-00063888": "diagonal constraint= true, because we want to estimate the error variances. Secondly, we want to", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00084-00063888-00064554": "get the interval type with the Likelihood based confidence interval and then finally we can run the analysis.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00085-00064626-00065352": "Then in the output, we can see the message the 95% confidence intervals are now based on the Likelihood based", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00086-00065352-00066012": "statistics and then this lower bound, upper bounds are all based on the Likelihood based confidence interval.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00087-00066078-00066798": "More importantly we can get some extra outputs for example the R squares on the", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00088-00066864-00067800": "BI, the estimate is 0.46 and then the 95% confidence interval, where R is 0.39,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00089-00067920-00068394": "2.53. Similarly we can also get the R squared on the BEH", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00090-00068520-00069228": "and then for on the various indirect effects, direct effects ,sum of the entire effects.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00091-00069564-00070206": "The two-stage SCM is quite useful to conduct the analysis when they are categorical or continuous", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00092-00070206-00071100": "moderators. We may use the one stage MASEM approach to conduct the moderator analysis. Let's illustrate", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00093-00071100-00071838": "the procedures with the percentage of female as a moderator. In the data set, is represented by female.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00094-00071988-00072534": "First of all we need to do some data transformation because we need to add", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00095-00072534-00073110": "the moderators into the data as well, then we can use the correlation to data frame", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00096-00073194-00074076": "function to convert it into a data frame and then secondly for the percentage of female participants", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00097-00074148-00074904": "usually we center the data to get more stable results, so we can center the data here, then here are the", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00098-00074988-00075540": "these variables female and we can see there are some missing data here,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00099-00075984-00076866": "then we can create an indicator to indicate which rows to include in the analysis. It is", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00100-00076866-00077448": "because when we run the analysis with a moderator, we may want to compute against", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00101-00077448-00078006": "the model with the moderator. We need to make sure that the same data sets are used, so when", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00102-00078006-00078648": "they are missing data for example these few rows, we have to remove them by using this", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00103-00078648-00079248": "indicator, we can remove it from both thewith  and without the moderators.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00104-00079314-00079920": "In the first steps, let's run a model without any moderators so we feed the structure equation", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00105-00079920-00080586": "models using the one stage approach and then we just label it as no moderator.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00106-00080646-00081462": "The same the RAM1, the data frame and then the subsetrows to indicate which rows to include.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00107-00081540-00082140": "The outputs are almost identical to the two-stage approach so we are not going to discuss it", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00108-00082194-00082752": "any further and we can also check the graphical output which should be similar.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00109-00082890-00083580": "Then now we need to specify our model with the moderator, okay and let's take a look at", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00110-00083580-00084336": "the a matrix so these are the paths that will like to model with females of the participants.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00111-00084408-00085206": "Then to create a matrix to indicate which layer parameter to model we can use the", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00112-00085206-00085962": "create moderator matrix and then we are using the \"A\" matrix and then we can also see in the output", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00113-00086022-00087018": "so these 5 paths would be models and sometimes we may not want to model all of these 5 paths,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00114-00087018-00087780": "then what we can do is to remove the others as 0s. For example in this Matrix if we are going", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00115-00087780-00088554": "to use it in our analysis, then we what we are going to model is just the path from PBC to BEH,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00116-00088692-00089496": "where the others will not be modeled. Now we can fit the model by specifying our RAM", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00117-00089550-00090444": "and then this moderator and also to remember to include the subset rows, okay then in the outputs,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00118-00090516-00091212": "these few lines, what we can see is there from the A0 matrix, they represent the intercepts", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00119-00091278-00091752": "then the other ones A1, they represent the slopes okay so let's", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00120-00091812-00092406": "see how it look like but before interpreting the results, you should be likely to compare the model", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00121-00092406-00093120": "with and without the moderators. We can use the Anova functions to compare these two models so", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00122-00093120-00093942": "the DF is 5, meaning that we are comparing 5 coefficients and then the chi-square difference", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00123-00093942-00094800": "is 6.6, the P-value is 0.25, in other words we don't have enough evidence to reject the models.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00124-00094956-00095478": "It means the moderator, the females, the proportion of females participants", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00125-00095568-00096390": "does not moderate the paths. As an illustration we can also extract the A", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00126-00096462-00097350": "Matrix so this A0 Matrix represent when the females is zero then these are the estimated paths", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00127-00097422-00098052": "and then the A1 represent the slopes, it means when the female percentage increases", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00128-00098052-00098832": "one unit, what's the expected change on the regression coefficients and this one A1 when", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00129-00098832-00099348": "we compare to the previous chi-squared test,  we have noticed that it is not significant.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00130-00099624-00100386": "The metaSEM package also includes other functions especially one important one", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00131-00100386-00100944": "is to calculate multivariate effect sizes. Sometimes it's quite straightforward and", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00132-00100944-00101676": "there are standard formulas but for other models they're less easy and then the metaSEM package", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00133-00101742-00102540": "provides some useful framework using the SEM mode modeling framework to compute various effect sizes", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00134-00102540-00103230": "and their sampling variances and covariances with the Delta method. So let's look at two examples,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00135-00103230-00104070": "the first one is what we call multiple treatment studies (MTS),  it is used when there are more than", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00136-00104070-00104933": "one treatment groups and they are comparing to one control groups and Gleser and Olkin,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00137-00104933-00105642": "they derived formulas to calculate standardized mean differences and their sampling covariance", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00138-00105642-00106464": "matrix for multiple treatment studies under the assumption of homogeneity of variances. And the", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00139-00106464-00107148": "metaSEM package makes it more flexible because we don't need to assume homogeneity of  variances,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00140-00107202-00108090": "users can control the assumptions. So let's look at how we can do it in in a SEM framework:", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00141-00108330-00108444": "In this figure, we", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00142-00108768-00109206": "there are 3 groups in these figures, the first one is the control groups, so in here", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00143-00109206-00109770": "we have one observer both Y and then we have that means which is represented by", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00144-00109770-00110316": "triangle so this is the mean and then it's variance, then we have two treatment groups", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00145-00110400-00111066": "and then we have this the observed variables,  and then variances and then the means okay,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00146-00111264-00111804": "And we can calculate standardized mean difference according to the definition, it is", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00147-00111804-00112758": "the mean difference provided by the pool standard deviation so the sigma so we have two,  okay but", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00148-00112848-00113616": "now it depends on assumption, if you assume homogeneity of variances, then we can impose", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00149-00113616-00114233": "a constraint that all of these three groups they have they share the same common variance", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00150-00114233-00114792": "or standard deviation and then based on this definition then the calculator Standardized mean", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00151-00114792-00115433": "differences are based on the homogeneity of variances but on the other hand if there are", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00152-00115433-00116064": "reasons to believe that the variances may not be the same. For example the clinical groups or", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00153-00116064-00116904": "normal participants, then in this case we can use the control group as the standardized. Then we can", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00154-00116904-00117732": "also calculate the standardized mean differences without assuming homogeneity of variances, so let's", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00155-00117732-00118530": "see how to do it in the metaSEM package so for ease of ref reference, so we label which groups are", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00156-00118530-00119376": "the control, treatment 1 and treatment 2 so we have 3, the sample means for here", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00157-00119585-00119730": "and then their variances", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00158-00120000-00120959": "and also the sample sizes so there's a smdMTS,  what we need to do is to give the means, variances", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00159-00120959-00121680": "sample sizes and then we specify homogeneity in this case we assume homogeneity of variances and", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00160-00121680-00122244": "then the two standardized mean differences are these two values and then we have a", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00161-00122298-00123011": "variance covariance matrix. How about if we don't assume homogeneity of variances then in", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00162-00123011-00123828": "the homogeneity, we have we use the argument none okay then now we have a another version calculated", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00163-00123900-00124511": "and then also the sampling variances and covariances and in these versions we don't assume", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00164-00124620-00125159": "homogeneity variance. Once we have calculated the effect sizes and", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00165-00125159-00125711": "sampling variance covariance matrice. We can use them in the multivariate  meta- analysis.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00166-00125916-00126809": "Then let's consider another case, is the multiple-endpoint studies, so multiple", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00167-00126809-00127422": "endpoint studies means that there are two outcome variables for example mathematics and language.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00168-00127554-00127950": "And we have two groups control group and treatment group again,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00169-00128022-00128574": "Glaser and Olkin, they derive formulas to calculate standardized mean differences with", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00170-00128574-00129318": "the Assumption of homogeneity of covariance matrixand the SEM  approach released this assumption of homogeneity of covariance matrix.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00171-00129426-00130146": "And let's look at this figure, so here we have a control group, we have two effect", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00172-00130146-00130811": "sizes the first one let's say is mathematics the other one is language and we have the means", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00173-00130896-00131658": "observed means and then in this case we decompose it into the standard deviation and in the", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00174-00131658-00132342": "variances all of them are fixed at one and then we have the correlations. Similarly we can also apply", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00175-00132342-00132972": "the same model to the treatment group. Now if we want to calculate the standardized mean difference", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00176-00132972-00133776": "on the first variables, the first outcome we can use this definition okay and essentially", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00177-00133854-00134676": "we can also do it for this on the second effect size okay , so since we are using a structural", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00178-00134676-00135408": "equation model approach we can impose constraints to assume that in these two groups the data", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00179-00135408-00136200": "homogeneous in their variances are covariances or we can impose homogeneity on only the correlations", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00180-00136200-00136956": "but we allow the variances to be different, or we don't need to impose any constraint and then we", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00181-00136956-00137574": "can use the control group as the reference groups to calculate the standardized mean differences,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00182-00137892-00138594": "so let's see how to do it in R.  We have two variables, mathematics", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00183-00138594-00139014": "and language so this is the first group the means for the first group", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00184-00139200-00140154": "and then this is the means of the second group and we have the covariance matrix for the first group and then", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00185-00140154-00140934": "the covariance matrix of the second group okay and then also the sample sizes. Then we can use the smdMES", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00186-00140934-00141708": "functions to calculate the standardized mean differences between these two groups so one is on", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00187-00141708-00142428": "the mathematics, the others on the language and we can assume homogeneity of covariance matrix", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00188-00142494-00143160": "and then we can get the effect sizes and then also the sampling variance covariance matrix,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00189-00143256-00143976": "and we can also only allow the assumption of homogeneity of correlation matrix but", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00190-00143976-00144432": "we don't assume the variances are the same, then we can get different versions.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00191-00144678-00145242": "And finally we don't need to assume anything and then we use the control group, the first group", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00192-00145242-00146130": "as the reference group okay so by using 3 different versions it allows researchers to check", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00193-00146130-00146766": "the sensitivity of the assumptions, so it means usually we assume the data homogeneous in terms", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00194-00146766-00147378": "of covariance matrix. How about if the variances are different,  then we can use the homogeneity of", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00195-00147378-00148062": "correlations and then in the worst case scenarios,  what happened if we don't make any assumptions,", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00196-00148146-00148620": "then we can use this version and researchers can check how robust they are.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00197-00148842-00149700": "So in these two examples, we are limited ourselves to specific models but sometimes researchers may", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00198-00149700-00150360": "want to create their own model and calculate effect sizes based on that model and use it for", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00199-00150360-00151158": "meta-analysis. So let's illustrate with our previous examples, the theory of plant behaviors. Let's just", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00200-00151158-00151872": "take a one sample correlation matrix, so we have 5 variables and then the sample size okay", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00201-00151872-00152760": "and we are fitting the same models, so now we are going to extract the sum of the indirect effect", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00202-00152832-00153438": "and also the direct effect and we want to use them as effect sizes in our meta-analysis okay.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00203-00153882-00154488": "Also we illustrate this example but it doesn't mean that we should do it because a better way to", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00204-00154488-00154956": "do it is to summarize the correlation matrices and then to fit the structure equation model in the", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00205-00154956-00155670": "later step, but in here we use it to illustrate the power of using this approach to calculate", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00206-00155670-00156366": "various effect sizes, so now we just calculate the indirect effect and then direct effect and", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00207-00156366-00157332": "use them as 2 effect sizes, so we can show the model. Then to get the indirect effects and direct", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00208-00157332-00157872": "effect as effect sizes, we can use the calculate effect sizes function we provide the model", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00209-00157968-00158640": "and then the correlation matrix in the sample size. Then we can generate the the indirect effect", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00210-00158712-00159618": "is 0.22 and then the direct effect is 0.08,  and also the sampling variances and if you", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00211-00159618-00160236": "have a list of these effect sizes, then we can conduct meta-analysis based on them.", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00212-00160404-00161118": "In this brief tutorial, we have only Illustrated a few functions that several others in the MetaSEM", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00213-00161118-00161910": "package, for example the meta functions for the univariate and multivariate meta-analysis and then the meta3", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00214-00161976-00162462": "functions for the three level meta-analysis. There's also a metaFIML", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00215-00162546-00163242": "functions to fit univariate and multivariate meta-analysis, which allows missing covariates to", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00216-00163242-00163986": "be estimated with the full information maximum likelihood. Moreover, there's also an indirecteffect to", "nsMB8ocqP5Y-00217-00163986-00164616": "calculate standardized and unstandardized indirect effect in mediation analysis. That's all for today."}}, {"audio_id": "ntX2Pgaapyu", "text": {"ntX2Pgaapyu-00000-00000000-00000200": "TRUE SURF COMPETITION", "ntX2Pgaapyu-00001-00000200-00000400": "BELLS BEACH JUNE 2021", "ntX2Pgaapyu-00002-00018497-00018697": "don't forget to turn notifications ON! So you won't miss any videos in here", "ntX2Pgaapyu-00003-00019770-00019970": "thanks for watching", "ntX2Pgaapyu-00004-00020010-00020209": "ALOHA!", "ntX2Pgaapyu-00005-00020400-00020600": "...and let's go TRUE SURF"}}, {"audio_id": "nu5Z9TIS2wk", "text": {"nu5Z9TIS2wk-00000-00003544-00004079": "hello it's from thailand welcome to my channel retired and living the dream today's video is", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00001-00004079-00004752": "about thailand's opening yes it's opening its doors from november the 1st and supposedly fingers", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00002-00004752-00005344": "crossed all places should start opening december ready for the christmas and new year period", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00003-00005448-00006040": "now thailand's almost been shut now for two years so the whole world has been in a different", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00004-00006040-00006656": "situation for these past two years and everybody's sick of lockdown and everybody wants to travel and", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00005-00006656-00007288": "experience new things so there's plenty of videos with regard to people obtaining visas special", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00006-00007288-00007992": "tourist visas retirement visas i've done a couple of videos here about the stv visa the good point", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00007-00007992-00008616": "and the bad point about it it's a start i've also done some videos on retirement visas don't do this", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00008-00008616-00009080": "give these videos a watch and you can see what you can do and what you can't do with regard the visas", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00009-00009080-00009648": "always i'm contactable on my email below if you want to ask any questions with regard to visas", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00010-00009648-00010096": "and if i can't help you i'll pass you on to those people who can help you so you're one", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00011-00010096-00010480": "of these people who've been sat at home all the time feeling bored because of lockdown", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00012-00010536-00010992": "feeling frustrated because you can't travel anywhere in the world watching the winter come", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00013-00010992-00011544": "feeling cold getting your jumpers getting your jackets on putting the heating on in the gas", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00014-00011544-00012096": "bills paying electricity bill getting a new life because you're retired now do you feel that time", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00015-00012096-00012960": "is passing you by and the next step is retirement home or thailand i'd choose thailand more than", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00016-00012960-00013696": "the retirement home for sure will he be sat at home watching the tv or the computer looking for", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00017-00013696-00014288": "some winter sun and thinking i wish i was there i wish i was there rather than sat at home doing", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00018-00014288-00014847": "nothing and being bored there's a whole new world out there and it needs to be discovered", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00019-00014847-00015456": "so if you're looking for adventures and excitement new sights new sounds new adventures new", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00020-00015456-00016280": "food new cultures thailand is the place for you so thailand is opening now there are many more places", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00021-00016280-00016880": "to visit so by the time you get all your paperwork sorted out and your accommodation started out and", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00022-00016880-00017392": "you jump to some of the hoops that you need to go through that will be by december which is then", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00023-00017392-00018000": "into high season in thailand the weather in december in thailand is fantastic it's", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00024-00018000-00018640": "cooler than it is in the hot season and the monsoon season has gone so december is sort of", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00025-00018640-00019304": "towards the height of the season in thailand and it's a beautiful time of year to visit so getting", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00026-00019304-00019904": "off the plane welcome to city life in bangkok with its special sights and sounds and experiences", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00027-00019904-00020496": "it's a whole new buzz of a place to be bangkok i love bangkok and it's a city that welcomes", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00028-00020496-00021184": "everybody so welcome to the land of smiles so once you've retired you need to create your own future", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00029-00021248-00021784": "and by creating your own future you need to have a retirement plan so these are the things that you", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00030-00021784-00022376": "need to do once you're retired so let's go this way to the airport so once you're at the airport", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00031-00022376-00022856": "you're boarding your plane and you're looking through the window watching the world go by", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00032-00022928-00023408": "thinking of your future where you're going to be what you're going to be doing it's an exciting", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00033-00023408-00024112": "time now many people haven't been able to do this for a long long time so lap it up enjoy it and as", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00034-00024112-00024848": "you land in thailand a whole new world awaits you beautiful scenery beautiful culture a beautiful", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00035-00024848-00025384": "land it doesn't cost a lot to do this living in thailand if you want to retire here it's not that", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00036-00025384-00026032": "expensive to live i've done a video here living on 50 000 baht per month in thailand it's easily", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00037-00026032-00026504": "doable and i've done a couple of other videos also with regards to living costs in thailand", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00038-00026592-00027160": "and i've also done a video here living in a nice two-bedroom house in the countryside near", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00039-00027160-00027720": "the beach for twelve thousand baht give that video a watch it's a good video to watch also", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00040-00027720-00028256": "and i've done many videos about living in thailand so have a look through all my videos and see what", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00041-00028256-00028880": "you think so visiting thailand i'm sure you will not be disappointed it's a wonderful place to", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00042-00028880-00029344": "come and visit and probably now is one of the best times to visit it so it's not crowded with loads", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00043-00029344-00029888": "of tourists the beaches are deserted so you'll feel as if you got the whole beach to yourself", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00044-00029888-00030536": "on various islands now tourism will pick up next year i'm sure so get there before everybody else's", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00045-00030536-00031072": "experience the sights and sounds hopefully fingers crossed by december everywhere is going to be", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00046-00031072-00031616": "start opening the bars and the entertainment areas i would say maybe give it a miss in the", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00047-00031616-00032208": "november time because it's early days bars and restaurants and entertainment places will be", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00048-00032208-00032776": "just starting to open and hopefully by december the 1st there should be many more places that", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00049-00032776-00033280": "are open so if you've got any questions there's my email at the bottom of the page", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00050-00033360-00033872": "you can ask me anything you want and i'll answer in the best way that i can any of your questions", "nu5Z9TIS2wk-00051-00033872-00034416": "that you want to ask so from les retired and living the dream till the next video bye for now"}}, {"audio_id": "nuITBDP30ao", "text": {"nuITBDP30ao-00000-00000000-00004200": "🌟 🇺🇸 Suit the Flower the Camomile for the girl — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "nuJ1fN7jqgU", "text": {"nuJ1fN7jqgU-00000-00001794-00002256": "Like for the intro"}}]