[{"audio_id": "qAiJASK8tZI", "text": {"qAiJASK8tZI-00000-00000003-00001167": "yes is this a recording, hello my friend here is Bahiano  with Bahiano Reno, in", "qAiJASK8tZI-00001-00001167-00001994": "this video I would like to say thank you very much, for your comments for watching my", "qAiJASK8tZI-00002-00001994-00002819": "videos for subscribing, I love you guys, today I'm here to say thank you for my", "qAiJASK8tZI-00003-00002819-00003903": "300 subscribers and I've been learning a lot with you guys and all those comments", "qAiJASK8tZI-00004-00003903-00004778": "it just is a great help it helped me to make better videos, helped me as a person", "qAiJASK8tZI-00005-00004778-00005564": "and I just I love it just keep sending the comments I will do my", "qAiJASK8tZI-00006-00005564-00006135": "best to answer all of them doesn't matter how they come I'm just gonna", "qAiJASK8tZI-00007-00006135-00007068": "answer them and I just I'm having fun with the videos and I just something", "qAiJASK8tZI-00008-00007068-00007973": "to spend my time, I'm not really a high tech guy, I don't know much about this", "qAiJASK8tZI-00009-00007973-00008928": "stuff, but I know one thing I'm having fun and gonna keep working, something that", "qAiJASK8tZI-00010-00008928-00009810": "started as a pastime and I just I just like it just like, this is why I just gonna", "qAiJASK8tZI-00011-00009810-00010668": "keep working on it and I just gonna work to improve my videos, is what I gonna do I", "qAiJASK8tZI-00012-00010668-00010931": "mean like,", "qAiJASK8tZI-00013-00010936-00011659": "is hard to find something to like, and I just like it, because it's just like, for", "qAiJASK8tZI-00014-00011659-00012525": "me is just to be a part of a club a part of our society and I just wants to give", "qAiJASK8tZI-00015-00012525-00013284": "something back, because I just been like I've been watching lots videos from YouTube", "qAiJASK8tZI-00016-00013284-00014031": "that's I just great people out there that have a great stuff and I just wants to", "qAiJASK8tZI-00017-00014031-00015132": "to share a little bit of what I have, that way I just don't take, but I give", "qAiJASK8tZI-00018-00015132-00016261": "back some something too all right, it is what it is I mean like, I love you guys, and when", "qAiJASK8tZI-00019-00016261-00017032": "I reach 500 subscribers I gonna shave half of the hair of my head, you guys", "qAiJASK8tZI-00020-00017032-00017895": "know why right just half of it I don't have to tell you guys why, and because", "qAiJASK8tZI-00021-00017895-00018439": "some of the people that I know and my friends they just ask me why don't", "qAiJASK8tZI-00022-00018439-00019567": "you don\"t cut your hair I say I love my hair, but then is just like for my 500", "qAiJASK8tZI-00023-00019567-00020473": "subscribers I would do it I know it gonna be hard, but I would do it", "qAiJASK8tZI-00024-00020473-00021394": "because I love you guys, and I don't want to go to the barbershop to cut my hair", "qAiJASK8tZI-00025-00021394-00021970": "and they gonna charge me extra money, is what happened the last time I mentioned", "qAiJASK8tZI-00026-00021970-00022483": "to the barber right, you should charge me less money because I just have half of", "qAiJASK8tZI-00027-00022483-00023107": "the hair, he told me no no no I gonna charge you more because I spent I spent", "qAiJASK8tZI-00028-00023107-00023781": "too much time try to find hair on your head, so what is the deal here.", "qAiJASK8tZI-00029-00023781-00024984": "what can I say, I love you guys see you soon and if you guys did\"t subscribe yet,", "qAiJASK8tZI-00030-00025062-00026038": "subscribe put your thumbs up and I love you guys and you guys are great, you guys", "qAiJASK8tZI-00031-00026038-00026793": "are just wonderful thank you see you on the next video"}}, {"audio_id": "qAp3uam9K88", "text": {"qAp3uam9K88-00000-00000010-00000440": "SETUP.", "qAp3uam9K88-00001-00000440-00000447": "SETUP.", "qAp3uam9K88-00002-00000447-00000527": "SETUP. (218)355-7670.", "qAp3uam9K88-00003-00000527-00000533": "SETUP. (218)355-7670.", "qAp3uam9K88-00004-00000533-00000754": "SETUP. (218)355-7670. >> COLLIN: IN HIGH SCHOOL BOYS", "qAp3uam9K88-00005-00000754-00000760": "(218)355-7670. >> COLLIN: IN HIGH SCHOOL BOYS", "qAp3uam9K88-00006-00000760-00000987": "(218)355-7670. >> COLLIN: IN HIGH SCHOOL BOYS HOCKEY, IN SECTION 7 A, HERMAN", "qAp3uam9K88-00007-00000987-00000994": ">> COLLIN: IN HIGH SCHOOL BOYS HOCKEY, IN SECTION 7 A, HERMAN", "qAp3uam9K88-00008-00000994-00001137": ">> COLLIN: IN HIGH SCHOOL BOYS HOCKEY, IN SECTION 7 A, HERMAN TOWN HAS SET THE STANDARD THE", "qAp3uam9K88-00009-00001137-00001144": "HOCKEY, IN SECTION 7 A, HERMAN TOWN HAS SET THE STANDARD THE", "qAp3uam9K88-00010-00001144-00001361": "HOCKEY, IN SECTION 7 A, HERMAN TOWN HAS SET THE STANDARD THE LAST DECADE, WINNING 8", "qAp3uam9K88-00011-00001361-00001368": "TOWN HAS SET THE STANDARD THE LAST DECADE, WINNING 8", "qAp3uam9K88-00012-00001368-00001464": "TOWN HAS SET THE STANDARD THE LAST DECADE, WINNING 8 CONSECUTIVE SECTION TITLES.", "qAp3uam9K88-00013-00001464-00001471": "LAST DECADE, WINNING 8 CONSECUTIVE SECTION TITLES.", "qAp3uam9K88-00014-00001471-00001741": "LAST DECADE, WINNING 8 CONSECUTIVE SECTION TITLES. THE HAWKS, AN INCREDIBLE 57 AND", "qAp3uam9K88-00015-00001741-00001748": "CONSECUTIVE SECTION TITLES. THE HAWKS, AN INCREDIBLE 57 AND", "qAp3uam9K88-00016-00001748-00002052": "CONSECUTIVE SECTION TITLES. THE HAWKS, AN INCREDIBLE 57 AND 0 AND 1 AGAINST CLASS 1 A", "qAp3uam9K88-00017-00002052-00002058": "THE HAWKS, AN INCREDIBLE 57 AND 0 AND 1 AGAINST CLASS 1 A", "qAp3uam9K88-00018-00002058-00002262": "THE HAWKS, AN INCREDIBLE 57 AND 0 AND 1 AGAINST CLASS 1 A OPPONENTS SINCE THEIR LAST LOSS", "qAp3uam9K88-00019-00002262-00002268": "0 AND 1 AGAINST CLASS 1 A OPPONENTS SINCE THEIR LAST LOSS", "qAp3uam9K88-00020-00002268-00002342": "0 AND 1 AGAINST CLASS 1 A OPPONENTS SINCE THEIR LAST LOSS IN 2013.", "qAp3uam9K88-00021-00002342-00002349": "OPPONENTS SINCE THEIR LAST LOSS IN 2013.", "qAp3uam9K88-00022-00002349-00002449": "OPPONENTS SINCE THEIR LAST LOSS IN 2013. HERE COMES GREENWAY.", "qAp3uam9K88-00023-00002449-00002455": "IN 2013. HERE COMES GREENWAY.", "qAp3uam9K88-00024-00002455-00002762": "IN 2013. HERE COMES GREENWAY. COULD THAT BE A PREVIEW OF THE", "qAp3uam9K88-00025-00002762-00002769": "HERE COMES GREENWAY. COULD THAT BE A PREVIEW OF THE", "qAp3uam9K88-00026-00002769-00003056": "HERE COMES GREENWAY. COULD THAT BE A PREVIEW OF THE SECTION TITLE?", "qAp3uam9K88-00027-00003056-00003063": "COULD THAT BE A PREVIEW OF THE SECTION TITLE?", "qAp3uam9K88-00028-00003063-00003123": "COULD THAT BE A PREVIEW OF THE SECTION TITLE? THERE FOR THE STOP.", "qAp3uam9K88-00029-00003123-00003129": "SECTION TITLE? THERE FOR THE STOP.", "qAp3uam9K88-00030-00003129-00003319": "SECTION TITLE? THERE FOR THE STOP. THAT KEEPS IT SCORELESS.", "qAp3uam9K88-00031-00003319-00003326": "THERE FOR THE STOP. THAT KEEPS IT SCORELESS.", "qAp3uam9K88-00032-00003326-00003723": "THERE FOR THE STOP. THAT KEEPS IT SCORELESS. LATER ON, ROCKS STRIKE FIRST.", "qAp3uam9K88-00033-00003723-00003730": "THAT KEEPS IT SCORELESS. LATER ON, ROCKS STRIKE FIRST.", "qAp3uam9K88-00034-00003730-00003870": "THAT KEEPS IT SCORELESS. LATER ON, ROCKS STRIKE FIRST. ELLIOT PETERSON GETS THE REBOUND", "qAp3uam9K88-00035-00003870-00003877": "LATER ON, ROCKS STRIKE FIRST. ELLIOT PETERSON GETS THE REBOUND", "qAp3uam9K88-00036-00003877-00004074": "LATER ON, ROCKS STRIKE FIRST. ELLIOT PETERSON GETS THE REBOUND AND FINDS THE BACK OF THE NET.", "qAp3uam9K88-00037-00004074-00004080": "ELLIOT PETERSON GETS THE REBOUND AND FINDS THE BACK OF THE NET.", "qAp3uam9K88-00038-00004080-00004197": "ELLIOT PETERSON GETS THE REBOUND AND FINDS THE BACK OF THE NET. ONE-NOTHING VISITORS.", "qAp3uam9K88-00039-00004197-00004204": "AND FINDS THE BACK OF THE NET. ONE-NOTHING VISITORS.", "qAp3uam9K88-00040-00004204-00004387": "AND FINDS THE BACK OF THE NET. ONE-NOTHING VISITORS. AND GREENWAY ON A PILEUP PLAY", "qAp3uam9K88-00041-00004387-00004394": "ONE-NOTHING VISITORS. AND GREENWAY ON A PILEUP PLAY", "qAp3uam9K88-00042-00004394-00004451": "ONE-NOTHING VISITORS. AND GREENWAY ON A PILEUP PLAY LATER.", "qAp3uam9K88-00043-00004451-00004457": "AND GREENWAY ON A PILEUP PLAY LATER.", "qAp3uam9K88-00044-00004457-00004611": "AND GREENWAY ON A PILEUP PLAY LATER. HE GETS BEHIND THE DEFENSE,", "qAp3uam9K88-00045-00004611-00004617": "LATER. HE GETS BEHIND THE DEFENSE,", "qAp3uam9K88-00046-00004617-00004718": "LATER. HE GETS BEHIND THE DEFENSE, SHORTHANDED, AND SCORES.", "qAp3uam9K88-00047-00004718-00004724": "HE GETS BEHIND THE DEFENSE, SHORTHANDED, AND SCORES.", "qAp3uam9K88-00048-00004724-00004901": "HE GETS BEHIND THE DEFENSE, SHORTHANDED, AND SCORES. THAT WILL PUT THEM UP 2.", "qAp3uam9K88-00049-00004901-00004908": "SHORTHANDED, AND SCORES. THAT WILL PUT THEM UP 2.", "qAp3uam9K88-00050-00004908-00005061": "SHORTHANDED, AND SCORES. THAT WILL PUT THEM UP 2. ONE OF THE BEST RAIDERS CHANCES", "qAp3uam9K88-00051-00005061-00005068": "THAT WILL PUT THEM UP 2. ONE OF THE BEST RAIDERS CHANCES", "qAp3uam9K88-00052-00005068-00005208": "THAT WILL PUT THEM UP 2. ONE OF THE BEST RAIDERS CHANCES IN THE FIRST PERIOD IS HERE.", "qAp3uam9K88-00053-00005208-00005215": "ONE OF THE BEST RAIDERS CHANCES IN THE FIRST PERIOD IS HERE.", "qAp3uam9K88-00054-00005215-00005518": "ONE OF THE BEST RAIDERS CHANCES IN THE FIRST PERIOD IS HERE. WRISTER ON NET, BUT COLE MAN HAN", "qAp3uam9K88-00055-00005518-00005525": "IN THE FIRST PERIOD IS HERE. WRISTER ON NET, BUT COLE MAN HAN", "qAp3uam9K88-00056-00005525-00005939": "IN THE FIRST PERIOD IS HERE. WRISTER ON NET, BUT COLE MAN HAN SHUTS THE DOOR AND COVERS UP.", "qAp3uam9K88-00057-00005939-00005945": "WRISTER ON NET, BUT COLE MAN HAN SHUTS THE DOOR AND COVERS UP.", "qAp3uam9K88-00058-00005945-00006136": "WRISTER ON NET, BUT COLE MAN HAN SHUTS THE DOOR AND COVERS UP. GREENWAY SCORES 2.", "qAp3uam9K88-00059-00006136-00006142": "SHUTS THE DOOR AND COVERS UP. GREENWAY SCORES 2.", "qAp3uam9K88-00060-00006142-00006216": "SHUTS THE DOOR AND COVERS UP. GREENWAY SCORES 2. HERMAN TOWN SCORES TWO IN THE"}}, {"audio_id": "qABG5JSbTUk", "text": {"qABG5JSbTUk-00000-00000516-00000919": "Welcome welcome to network architectures for growing", "qABG5JSbTUk-00001-00000919-00001576": "academic open source uh being presented today by bradly alicia bradly is the open source", "qABG5JSbTUk-00002-00001576-00002168": "community manager for rock wire initiative bradly is currently the manager of open", "qABG5JSbTUk-00003-00002168-00002688": "source community activities at rokwire and runs the open source rotation youtube channel", "qABG5JSbTUk-00004-00002768-00003415": "he has academic interests spanning the biological computational and social sciences bradly's open", "qABG5JSbTUk-00005-00003415-00004104": "source endeavors include head scientist and founder or founder of orthogonal research and a", "qABG5JSbTUk-00006-00004104-00004512": "senior contributor at the open worm foundation welcome bradly and thank you for being here", "qABG5JSbTUk-00007-00004592-00005208": "hi uh thank you for having me uh i i have a copy of the slides in the conference platform so if you", "qABG5JSbTUk-00008-00005208-00005680": "go to this talk in the conference platform you can get a copy of the slides and you'll see that these", "qABG5JSbTUk-00009-00005680-00006112": "animations work in this front page so the title i'm going to talk about today is", "qABG5JSbTUk-00010-00006112-00006416": "network architectures for growing academic open source", "qABG5JSbTUk-00011-00006616-00007000": "so i'm going to talk about three different open source organizations today", "qABG5JSbTUk-00012-00007072-00007456": "one of them is the rockwire initiative which is an open source community based", "qABG5JSbTUk-00013-00007456-00008000": "at the university of illinois uh the second one is the orthogonal lab it's an independent", "qABG5JSbTUk-00014-00008000-00008560": "collaborative entity focused on research and education and then the openworm foundation", "qABG5JSbTUk-00015-00008560-00009072": "which is a 501c open source organization that engages in software development and research", "qABG5JSbTUk-00016-00009256-00009784": "uh so i'm going to start with talking about uh sort of academic open source and people have", "qABG5JSbTUk-00017-00009784-00010248": "been interested in the topic of how academic departments operate for a long time so this", "qABG5JSbTUk-00018-00010248-00010848": "paper is from 1971 it's a management paper and they talk a little bit about the organization of", "qABG5JSbTUk-00019-00010848-00011432": "a traditional academic department or academic organization and it's very top-down organized", "qABG5JSbTUk-00020-00011432-00011936": "type of organization so you can see that open source can open up some of this hierarchy and", "qABG5JSbTUk-00021-00011936-00012496": "we'll talk a little bit about that later but for now just keep in mind that we're kind of", "qABG5JSbTUk-00022-00012496-00013088": "disrupting academic activity with some of these uh things i'm going to show you today and that", "qABG5JSbTUk-00023-00013088-00013608": "it's it's a shift from what we've traditionally thought of as the norm so uh one of the things", "qABG5JSbTUk-00024-00013608-00014160": "that's driven this shift is covid 19. so uh with the orthogonal lab and with open woem", "qABG5JSbTUk-00025-00014160-00014847": "those things existed before covid 19. but covid 19 represented a a significant shift in how things", "qABG5JSbTUk-00026-00014847-00015447": "were done both in those sorts of organizations and in universities and so this is a tweet on the", "qABG5JSbTUk-00027-00015447-00016080": "left from uh plos headquarters in san francisco where they you know they had to work from home", "qABG5JSbTUk-00028-00016080-00016576": "and they didn't have their access to their office so they had to readjust the way they worked and so", "qABG5JSbTUk-00029-00016648-00017176": "this is something that we are trying to replicate in these type of academic open source communities", "qABG5JSbTUk-00030-00017256-00017792": "virtual distributed communities are robust to rare unforeseen events that adversely", "qABG5JSbTUk-00031-00017792-00018368": "affect traditional institutions such as a pandemic as long as the enabling technologies are in place", "qABG5JSbTUk-00032-00018368-00018952": "which i'll go over some of those in the talk these events can actually increase community activity so", "qABG5JSbTUk-00033-00018952-00019472": "what i found with in terms of the orthogonal lab is that there was a massive increase of activity", "qABG5JSbTUk-00034-00019528-00020048": "in our in our organization during the pandemic because we offered things that the traditional", "qABG5JSbTUk-00035-00020152-00020832": "universities could not offer at the time or people were looking for opportunities to interact online", "qABG5JSbTUk-00036-00021016-00021472": "so i'm going to talk a little bit about the orthogonal web first and so this is uh i wrote", "qABG5JSbTUk-00037-00021472-00021976": "a preprint on this at meta arxiv if if you have the slides you'll get the link to this", "qABG5JSbTUk-00038-00021976-00022520": "uh it's called building a distributed virtual laboratory adjacent to academia so what we've done", "qABG5JSbTUk-00039-00022520-00023136": "is taken like a lot of the different components of academic research and some teaching components", "qABG5JSbTUk-00040-00023136-00023832": "and turn this into a participatory distributed virtual organization and so it takes a lot of", "qABG5JSbTUk-00041-00023832-00024488": "cues from open source traditional open source and maybe some new uh features but uh i'm going", "qABG5JSbTUk-00042-00024488-00024952": "to talk a little bit about that so we use a lot of enabling technologies such as chats", "qABG5JSbTUk-00043-00025032-00025992": "chat platforms like slack and discord we use uh virtual conferencing uh software such as jitsi and", "qABG5JSbTUk-00044-00025992-00026816": "we use uh you know google docs and other types of collaborative doc platforms to exchange you know", "qABG5JSbTUk-00045-00026816-00027576": "documents and presentations and then we use github to uh publish and share code so all those things", "qABG5JSbTUk-00046-00027576-00027976": "you know we try to leverage those things in different ways we have participants", "qABG5JSbTUk-00047-00027976-00028639": "from all over the world as you can see from asia and europe and uh north and south america and", "qABG5JSbTUk-00048-00028639-00029176": "you know it's it's a challenge with the time zones but other than that you can actually", "qABG5JSbTUk-00049-00029176-00029888": "uh find your way through and so this this is an example of us in action here these are our weekly", "qABG5JSbTUk-00050-00029888-00030360": "meetings where we have people this person's from india this person's from north america", "qABG5JSbTUk-00051-00030360-00030912": "is persons from another part of north america and we have people from germany and india again", "qABG5JSbTUk-00052-00030912-00031504": "and some other places in the world so we get a lot of participation from across the world", "qABG5JSbTUk-00053-00031504-00032152": "people wanting to part a lot of undergraduates and you know other people who are wanting to learn how", "qABG5JSbTUk-00054-00032152-00032736": "to do research were looking to get involved in research in other ways at different career stages", "qABG5JSbTUk-00055-00032736-00033456": "so it's very enabling and so you know one of the things we do here in in in terms of", "qABG5JSbTUk-00056-00033456-00034160": "organizing things is we don't really fall into those buckets of uh of a traditional organization", "qABG5JSbTUk-00057-00034160-00034760": "uh we kind of uh organize ourselves around topics and those topics you know are what people are", "qABG5JSbTUk-00058-00034760-00035288": "interested in at different times and we have these different research topics that we've developed", "qABG5JSbTUk-00059-00035288-00035856": "and so the idea is to link these together in ways that you wouldn't find in a traditional", "qABG5JSbTUk-00060-00035856-00036312": "organization academic organization so we don't have departments so much we have", "qABG5JSbTUk-00061-00036312-00036848": "topics that get linked together depending on when people are working on them depending on how much", "qABG5JSbTUk-00062-00036848-00037304": "participation we have in a different area and so these things are very flexible", "qABG5JSbTUk-00063-00037416-00037912": "but how do we translate academic community building and a lot of this is community building a", "qABG5JSbTUk-00064-00037912-00038512": "lot of the engagement and involvement of people is community building how do we translate this into", "qABG5JSbTUk-00065-00038512-00039016": "building this into the language of complex networks so i gave this talk at a network", "qABG5JSbTUk-00066-00039016-00039528": "uh science conference so i'm going to get into like how we can characterize this with networks", "qABG5JSbTUk-00067-00039528-00040096": "so we can provide some sort of quantitative evaluation so what is the structure of networks", "qABG5JSbTUk-00068-00040096-00040616": "for open source collaboration that's sort of the big question we can ask by using network", "qABG5JSbTUk-00069-00040736-00041120": "techniques and we find that open source communities are transient", "qABG5JSbTUk-00070-00041120-00041760": "flexible and heteroarchical this term heteroarchical is different from hierarchical and because", "qABG5JSbTUk-00071-00041760-00042472": "heteroarchy implies that there isn't like a leader a follower or someone supervising someone else", "qABG5JSbTUk-00072-00042472-00042880": "it's more that you're coming together some people have some skills other people have", "qABG5JSbTUk-00073-00042880-00043416": "other skills you you sort of make your own organization and you make your own sort of", "qABG5JSbTUk-00074-00043416-00043952": "uh you know accountability from that sort of connection most importantly the organization", "qABG5JSbTUk-00075-00043952-00044536": "is organized around that and enables that type of of organization so it's different from a hierarchy", "qABG5JSbTUk-00076-00044536-00045336": "so heterarchies are defined by our nodes who are participants or topical areas and being able to", "qABG5JSbTUk-00077-00045336-00045936": "rank these in a number of different ways so in a hierarchy you have a strict ordering of your", "qABG5JSbTUk-00078-00045936-00046592": "topics or your people and one person reports to another one topic is nested under another uh in", "qABG5JSbTUk-00079-00046592-00047176": "a heterarchy that's not the case these things get organized uh in a way that's flexible", "qABG5JSbTUk-00080-00047176-00047792": "based on who's doing things who's uh you know uh taking leadership taking you know um", "qABG5JSbTUk-00081-00047896-00048376": "or or you know what's uh you know if people were working on projects at different times", "qABG5JSbTUk-00082-00048376-00048944": "of the day uh you know the sort of the organizational structure shifts accordingly", "qABG5JSbTUk-00083-00049008-00049528": "so aside from you know sometimes we have project leaders who are sort of fixed but", "qABG5JSbTUk-00084-00049528-00050056": "aside from that and their initiatives there are a number of ways to become connected into", "qABG5JSbTUk-00085-00050056-00050656": "and gain connectivity into these networks so i can join the organization i can join a project i can", "qABG5JSbTUk-00086-00050656-00051279": "join another project i can shift between projects and as long as i do certain tasks or certain", "qABG5JSbTUk-00087-00051336-00052000": "issues you know address certain issues i'm you know working on a project and it helps me", "qABG5JSbTUk-00088-00052000-00052616": "build skills and it's it you know it's a i'm doing something and i'm and persisting in the community", "qABG5JSbTUk-00089-00052679-00053255": "um there's also a low barrier to entry in in such a network uh meaning that preferential attachment", "qABG5JSbTUk-00090-00053255-00053688": "rules and if you know anything about networks you know that's sort of the way that we think about", "qABG5JSbTUk-00091-00053752-00054424": "networks such as social networks where you join an organization you look up to a leader and you uh", "qABG5JSbTUk-00092-00054424-00054784": "you know gain your cues from there we don't necessarily that's not necessarily", "qABG5JSbTUk-00093-00054864-00055320": "applicable in these type of communities you have people who are leaders but they're not you know", "qABG5JSbTUk-00094-00055320-00055848": "strong leaders you might take cues from other collaborators and so forth finally open source", "qABG5JSbTUk-00095-00055848-00056328": "networks have multiple functions and objectives and so they're different roles for people", "qABG5JSbTUk-00096-00056328-00056872": "different ways they can interact and it depends on where they are in the world you know who's", "qABG5JSbTUk-00097-00056872-00057144": "who's active in the community at any given time and so forth", "qABG5JSbTUk-00098-00057320-00057776": "uh one of the concepts here to think about is one to many interactions so not only do", "qABG5JSbTUk-00099-00057776-00058167": "we have people coming into the network and there isn't really this clear hierarchy", "qABG5JSbTUk-00100-00058167-00058744": "but we have this ability to connect to many people simultaneously so you can explore the community", "qABG5JSbTUk-00101-00058744-00059304": "you can explore the academic community as you wish and you can connect to who you want to connect to", "qABG5JSbTUk-00102-00059304-00059936": "and it's much i think much easier for people to navigate especially in academic uh research where", "qABG5JSbTUk-00103-00059936-00060424": "you're trying to find the right fit and this is a way this is an example of an open source community", "qABG5JSbTUk-00104-00060504-00060984": "software community but this principle also applies to what we're talking about", "qABG5JSbTUk-00105-00061079-00061584": "another thing i like to talk about when i talk about this is the reconfigurability of expertise", "qABG5JSbTUk-00106-00061584-00062008": "so this is something i've found across our different communities here this is important", "qABG5JSbTUk-00107-00062008-00062544": "for academic open source in that you know if we want to do a large-scale project we have people", "qABG5JSbTUk-00108-00062544-00063032": "with different skills in the community and so depending on what we're doing at any one time", "qABG5JSbTUk-00109-00063032-00063528": "we can draw from that community and get people involved so this is an example i give where", "qABG5JSbTUk-00110-00063528-00064128": "you know we have this task and then we can group people in the community based on their skills and", "qABG5JSbTUk-00111-00064128-00064520": "then you know you put out a call for involvement they come in they do the work and then they go", "qABG5JSbTUk-00112-00064520-00064976": "do something else so something like web design and maintenance which is something that happens", "qABG5JSbTUk-00113-00064976-00065576": "on a regular basis you have people may be lined up for that or you have people who join in and contribute", "qABG5JSbTUk-00114-00065576-00066040": "their skills in the open worm foundation we've done that a number of times to update the website", "qABG5JSbTUk-00115-00066120-00066728": "uh something like designing a new module for a course or for some software this happens maybe", "qABG5JSbTUk-00116-00066728-00067248": "during a summer period and again you bring people in who are involved at a certain time they have", "qABG5JSbTUk-00117-00067248-00067768": "summers off they can do things during the summer and so these people aren't in the community all", "qABG5JSbTUk-00118-00067768-00068384": "year long but they come together at this point in time uh so these are two examples of reconfiguring", "qABG5JSbTUk-00119-00068384-00068880": "expertise and i i find this to be you know when you look at it in the light of academic", "qABG5JSbTUk-00120-00068880-00069576": "organizations it's very refreshing because usually we don't have that um so we think about networks", "qABG5JSbTUk-00121-00069576-00070016": "these kind of networks as contributors being the nodes which are the dots that you'll see in these", "qABG5JSbTUk-00122-00070016-00070552": "diagrams and the strength of the connections or edges which are the lengths of the connections", "qABG5JSbTUk-00123-00070552-00071168": "between the nodes or the contributors and so we're trying to find pathways to sustainability through", "qABG5JSbTUk-00124-00071168-00071632": "looking at these networks but looking at their statistical trends so looking at these connections", "qABG5JSbTUk-00125-00071632-00072216": "and their connectivity give you statistical trends that you can look at and examine and appreciate", "qABG5JSbTUk-00126-00072360-00072952": "so one of the cues that we've taken for academic networks are these uh co-citation networks which", "qABG5JSbTUk-00127-00072952-00073432": "you find in in the academic literature so these are these nodes actually are papers", "qABG5JSbTUk-00128-00073512-00074040": "and they are clustered according to different topical areas so we've used this as sort of", "qABG5JSbTUk-00129-00074040-00074616": "a queue because we're dealing with people who have specialties or interests in topical areas", "qABG5JSbTUk-00130-00074616-00075208": "and you know if we can link them together not only by their topical area but between topical areas we", "qABG5JSbTUk-00131-00075208-00075728": "can build these networks and these networks aren't necessarily hierarchical it's heteroarchical as", "qABG5JSbTUk-00132-00075728-00076408": "we've seen before um so this is something that uh you know we've kind of taken cues from here um", "qABG5JSbTUk-00133-00076472-00077088": "but i'm gonna move now to rokwire which is uh the uh one of the other things i work on and so", "qABG5JSbTUk-00134-00077168-00077592": "the idea here is we're building smart campuses and smart communities so it's a", "qABG5JSbTUk-00135-00077592-00078232": "mobile app that is modeling university and so the university is a very complex system it has a lot", "qABG5JSbTUk-00136-00078232-00078704": "of components here you can see the different parts of the university what campus events", "qABG5JSbTUk-00137-00078760-00079360": "data security libraries wellness transportation those are all components that have different", "qABG5JSbTUk-00138-00079360-00079936": "sort of footprints in the university and so the idea of you know having something software that", "qABG5JSbTUk-00139-00079936-00080592": "incorporates everything in the university is a very complex system and it's a network of people", "qABG5JSbTUk-00140-00080592-00081176": "interacting so the app actually deals with a lot of data from different individuals and presents", "qABG5JSbTUk-00141-00081176-00081728": "it to people but those people interact in networks and then our open source community actually brings", "qABG5JSbTUk-00142-00081728-00082280": "in people from these different networks brings them into the setting of an open source community", "qABG5JSbTUk-00143-00082280-00082696": "where people can contribute to the software they can contribute to the design of the app", "qABG5JSbTUk-00144-00082696-00083560": "or whatever um so i'm going to move on now to this idea of a little bit more about like networks and", "qABG5JSbTUk-00145-00083560-00083840": "how people can fit into the community i said before that", "qABG5JSbTUk-00146-00083936-00084480": "preferential attachment is usually not the way we deal with things but there are sort of attachment", "qABG5JSbTUk-00147-00084480-00084928": "rules so you know one of the questions you can ask by looking at this in terms of networks", "qABG5JSbTUk-00148-00084992-00085456": "is that which contributors and disciplines are your greatest source of contributor activity", "qABG5JSbTUk-00149-00085456-00085848": "and so you know on a campus like i just showed you there are a lot of different", "qABG5JSbTUk-00150-00085848-00086368": "components to the campus different functions different departments and see i have someone from", "qABG5JSbTUk-00151-00086368-00086920": "this group a it could be a department and they fit into the network in this way and they naturally", "qABG5JSbTUk-00152-00086920-00087408": "attach themselves into the network based on maybe affinities or maybe what they're doing at the time", "qABG5JSbTUk-00153-00087408-00087944": "like a task like i showed you those circles so they're fitting themselves in the network in a", "qABG5JSbTUk-00154-00087944-00088424": "certain way and so we have to kind of understand where our contributors are coming from what", "qABG5JSbTUk-00155-00088424-00089024": "disciplines are coming from and how they fit into the the agenda in the case of rokwire it could be", "qABG5JSbTUk-00156-00089024-00089576": "what kind of functions or what kind of features can we develop given the expertise we have and", "qABG5JSbTUk-00157-00089576-00090280": "so say we have input the input of contributor from discipline a or group a uh in in our community we", "qABG5JSbTUk-00158-00090280-00090848": "in the rokwire community we've had people doing foreign language translations of parts of the app", "qABG5JSbTUk-00159-00090904-00091480": "we've had people from uh the design community working on app design so people are plugging", "qABG5JSbTUk-00160-00091480-00092120": "themselves into the uh community network and they're interfacing with the software and so then", "qABG5JSbTUk-00161-00092120-00092560": "you have to ask your ques the question of these people knowing that they come from a specific", "qABG5JSbTUk-00162-00092560-00093080": "place uh what kind of niche expertise do they bring into the community so someone from design", "qABG5JSbTUk-00163-00093080-00093616": "will come in with a design background and that will shape what you can do in your community uh", "qABG5JSbTUk-00164-00093616-00094096": "the second is do they act as a conduit do they bring more contributors from discipline a", "qABG5JSbTUk-00165-00094248-00094736": "um and then you know that's that means that they're reinforcing their numbers", "qABG5JSbTUk-00166-00094736-00095448": "in that small group of people and they're going to build this sort of uh sub network that uh you know", "qABG5JSbTUk-00167-00095448-00096096": "is maybe doing things specialized in that area and then thirdly the duration of contribution the", "qABG5JSbTUk-00168-00096096-00096656": "intensity of contribution are important because that allows you to have these areas that persist", "qABG5JSbTUk-00169-00096656-00097152": "in the network so what is the magnitude of the contribution history and then this depends on", "qABG5JSbTUk-00170-00097152-00097648": "this this determines how this network is shaped how you can draw from that expertise and so on", "qABG5JSbTUk-00171-00097984-00098800": "um so we have this idea sort of a take home from looking at these networks and the idea is that", "qABG5JSbTUk-00172-00098800-00099360": "networks exhibit long tails which means that you have maybe some contributors who contribute a lot", "qABG5JSbTUk-00173-00099360-00099792": "but a lot of contributors that don't contribute very much that's a statistical long tail", "qABG5JSbTUk-00174-00099792-00100208": "it just means that there's a tail of the distribution of like contributors in the", "qABG5JSbTUk-00175-00100208-00100664": "number of their contributions and it's like there are a lot of people in that tail there are a lot", "qABG5JSbTUk-00176-00100664-00101168": "of people maybe contribute like sort of in an itinerant fashion or whatever so you have to", "qABG5JSbTUk-00177-00101168-00101616": "serve those people but you also have to be mindful of the people contribute a lot because they're the", "qABG5JSbTUk-00178-00101616-00102112": "ones that are sort of shaping this community so we know that there are these long tails and i'll show", "qABG5JSbTUk-00179-00102112-00102664": "you an example later but only for certain modes of engagement so knowing the modes of engagement like", "qABG5JSbTUk-00180-00102664-00103152": "i said before if you get people from translation foreign language translations or design", "qABG5JSbTUk-00181-00103208-00103680": "those people are going to be you know they're going to shape what your community looks like", "qABG5JSbTUk-00182-00103680-00104344": "the expertise you can draw from and so on and so these long tails are uh context dependent", "qABG5JSbTUk-00183-00104344-00104864": "so this is some data from wikipedia i'm just taking this in as as a an example of these long", "qABG5JSbTUk-00184-00104864-00105600": "tails so this is the log edit count so this is like this doesn't distinguish between individual", "qABG5JSbTUk-00185-00105600-00106240": "uh categories of uh of contributor but you can see that some contributors contribute a lot", "qABG5JSbTUk-00186-00106296-00106896": "a very small number of contributors and then a lot of contributors contribute less and", "qABG5JSbTUk-00187-00106896-00107448": "so that sort of relationship is is there in the wikipedia data these are the categories", "qABG5JSbTUk-00188-00107511-00108232": "um here uh like contributor categories you can see this replication where you have some", "qABG5JSbTUk-00189-00108232-00108664": "categories where you have a lot of individuals these are sort of low-level positions and then", "qABG5JSbTUk-00190-00108664-00109224": "as you get more specialized you get fewer and fewer contributors but they all kind of form this", "qABG5JSbTUk-00191-00109280-00109728": "community and they don't necessarily form a hierarchy they form these heterarchies that are", "qABG5JSbTUk-00192-00109783-00110392": "um you know based on you know hierarchies maybe based on things like trust but heterarchies based", "qABG5JSbTUk-00193-00110392-00110896": "on like opportunity and things like that it's not as pronounced in wikipedia as maybe some of these", "qABG5JSbTUk-00194-00110896-00111608": "academic communities but in any case um and so this is these are the top five roles in wikipedia", "qABG5JSbTUk-00195-00111608-00112256": "that accounts for uh a lot of the edits so there are these you know roles that are very low level", "qABG5JSbTUk-00196-00112311-00112632": "uh but then the rules that are high level and that that there's a difference there", "qABG5JSbTUk-00197-00112632-00113111": "in terms of how much people are contributing how many people are doing those jobs so this", "qABG5JSbTUk-00198-00113111-00113616": "is something you see in rokwire community replicated you see you have these different uh", "qABG5JSbTUk-00199-00113704-00114192": "badge then we have this badge system that has you know for different roles in the community", "qABG5JSbTUk-00200-00114192-00114696": "so if you attend a meeting you get a red badge if you're involved in a publication you get a black", "qABG5JSbTUk-00201-00114696-00115311": "badge you have activity green badge and so forth and so this is what the distribution looks like", "qABG5JSbTUk-00202-00115311-00115944": "this is uh the number of badges awarded so we had like in this sample it was like 21 individuals", "qABG5JSbTUk-00203-00116000-00116511": "uh where you wanted to look at like what kinds of badges they earn so people can earn more than one", "qABG5JSbTUk-00204-00116511-00117088": "badge and you have people who have badges in common and so you see this sort of thing where", "qABG5JSbTUk-00205-00117088-00117592": "community building is very rare people don't do that very much but people a lot of people", "qABG5JSbTUk-00206-00117592-00118135": "attend meetings and a lot of people contribute to conceptual and technical advances you might", "qABG5JSbTUk-00207-00118135-00118832": "predict that would be a little lower on the list but anyways um education being low as well", "qABG5JSbTUk-00208-00118832-00119448": "so these are um you know we can look at the way that people contribute to the community in this", "qABG5JSbTUk-00209-00119448-00120135": "way and there we can see a long tail but you can also make these network graphs and so uh this is a", "qABG5JSbTUk-00210-00120135-00120824": "full community network based on that same sample and what this network is based on is the badges", "qABG5JSbTUk-00211-00120824-00121359": "that people have in common so each of these dots represents a contributor and each of these lines", "qABG5JSbTUk-00212-00121359-00121848": "represents a badge that they have in common so you see it's it's kind of messy you can't really see", "qABG5JSbTUk-00213-00121848-00122359": "much structure you can see some triangles here which are actually important in network analysis", "qABG5JSbTUk-00214-00122416-00123032": "um but you can actually look if i took uh just myself as a community manager", "qABG5JSbTUk-00215-00123032-00123664": "and i have every badge because i'm kind of leading this um and then i take uh you know the people who", "qABG5JSbTUk-00216-00123664-00124183": "have at least three contributor badges you can see a structure emerges where there is this hierarchy", "qABG5JSbTUk-00217-00124183-00124744": "but it's local they don't see this replicated across the net across the community just amongst", "qABG5JSbTUk-00218-00124744-00125352": "these people who are contributing a lot and very broadly so that's that's an interesting signature", "qABG5JSbTUk-00219-00125408-00125872": "another interesting signature is when you take out the community manager and you just look at people", "qABG5JSbTUk-00220-00125872-00126456": "who are contributing uh you know uh maybe they're not interacting maybe they are already interacting", "qABG5JSbTUk-00221-00126456-00126935": "but they have this these unique number of badges in common and you can see that there is this", "qABG5JSbTUk-00222-00126935-00127424": "you know there's this difference in pattern and you can analyze this with network statistics which", "qABG5JSbTUk-00223-00127424-00127944": "i won't present here but you can see that that changes the network significantly when you do that", "qABG5JSbTUk-00224-00128000-00128552": "um so this rokwire initiative is a community network that is connected", "qABG5JSbTUk-00225-00128552-00129128": "into the campus community so it has a lot of uh you know interesting properties you know it's", "qABG5JSbTUk-00226-00129128-00129608": "it's you know you have like basically your network within a network you're drawing from", "qABG5JSbTUk-00227-00129608-00130144": "a formal academic structure so you're drawing from departments you're drawing from expertise", "qABG5JSbTUk-00228-00130144-00130792": "from interns with different types of expertise and it's so it's an interesting system to study", "qABG5JSbTUk-00229-00130848-00131384": "now that being said there needs to be there's a need here for network enrichment metrics", "qABG5JSbTUk-00230-00131384-00131928": "in other words how many interactions in the community impact or enrich the adjacent adjacent", "qABG5JSbTUk-00231-00131928-00132440": "academic community so there are opportunities here to take like an open source community within a", "qABG5JSbTUk-00232-00132440-00133104": "university and see how they interact with your traditional departments maybe they enrich the", "qABG5JSbTUk-00233-00133104-00133704": "departments maybe the departments enrich them we don't really know um but this is an example from", "qABG5JSbTUk-00234-00133704-00134168": "the open worm foundation so i'm also involved in the open worm foundation and it underscores", "qABG5JSbTUk-00235-00134168-00134840": "this role of in these kind of academic communities these long tails and so in the open worm community", "qABG5JSbTUk-00236-00134840-00135544": "we have people trying to simulate the organism c elegans so we have people doing like", "qABG5JSbTUk-00237-00135544-00136000": "biophysics simulations we have people doing neuronal simulations behavioral simulations", "qABG5JSbTUk-00238-00136056-00136600": "and all of these people are you know that this has been going on for uh at least since", "qABG5JSbTUk-00239-00136656-00137488": "2011 but this is a sample from 2016 to 2020 of 228 contributors and we have in the open", "qABG5JSbTUk-00240-00137488-00138048": "worm foundation specialized roles so we have uh senior contributors who tend to lead the projects", "qABG5JSbTUk-00241-00138104-00138624": "we have google summer of code students we have a board of directors we have major", "qABG5JSbTUk-00242-00138624-00139136": "collaborators from academia more traditional academic labs in the like and so if you look", "qABG5JSbTUk-00243-00139136-00139736": "at who's contributing and this isn't by the number of slack messages so this is an imperfect measure", "qABG5JSbTUk-00244-00139736-00140304": "but if you look here you'll see that you have a number all of your specialized roles exist", "qABG5JSbTUk-00245-00140304-00140808": "up in this part of the distribution and the tail is almost exclusively made up of other", "qABG5JSbTUk-00246-00140808-00141328": "types of contributors and these maybe are more casual contributors and there are some of these", "qABG5JSbTUk-00247-00141328-00141832": "types of people up in this uh main mode of the distribution but most of these people these", "qABG5JSbTUk-00248-00141832-00142352": "other types of just uh contributors are in this long tail and i think what this suggests is that", "qABG5JSbTUk-00249-00142352-00142944": "some of the uh network signatures we've seen before are due to like maybe different types", "qABG5JSbTUk-00250-00142944-00143600": "of expertise but some of them are simply just assigning roles in your community and promoting", "qABG5JSbTUk-00251-00143600-00144288": "you know people taking the initiative and taking leadership and that that shows up in the way that", "qABG5JSbTUk-00252-00144288-00144768": "the number of interactions they make so this is you know you can see these different properties", "qABG5JSbTUk-00253-00144768-00145400": "of this uh semi-hierarchy this heterarchy and you know this is an interesting way to look at it", "qABG5JSbTUk-00254-00145568-00146072": "so in the multi-level network topology that we're building you know we have an onboarding network", "qABG5JSbTUk-00255-00146072-00146536": "which is where you have people who you know i have a small number of curators in the community that", "qABG5JSbTUk-00256-00146536-00147184": "connect everyone so this is like this preferential attachment idea uh and it's kind of turned on its", "qABG5JSbTUk-00257-00147184-00147776": "head because we're sort of uh purposefully connecting people through a small number of", "qABG5JSbTUk-00258-00147776-00148472": "leaders uh we have these collaborator graphs which we can use say a slack team is an indicator where", "qABG5JSbTUk-00259-00148472-00149008": "everyone's interacting with a subset of channels and we get uh maybe a similar signature we're not", "qABG5JSbTUk-00260-00149008-00149512": "really sure but we have these onboarding networks collaborator graphs and then a participation graph", "qABG5JSbTUk-00261-00149576-00150136": "where people collaborate sort of spontaneously through meetings or through asynchronous and", "qABG5JSbTUk-00262-00150136-00150640": "synchronous discussions and we haven't really looked at that as much but they have a similar", "qABG5JSbTUk-00263-00150640-00151152": "signature i'm not going to include the graph in this talk but just take my word for it that they", "qABG5JSbTUk-00264-00151152-00151760": "all look very similar so you can combine these networks in different ways as well and so this", "qABG5JSbTUk-00265-00151760-00152408": "is an example of the overlap in some ways in some ways they don't so the final lesson here", "qABG5JSbTUk-00266-00152408-00152984": "is this lesson of selective disconnectivity and intentional interconnectivity are key so these are", "qABG5JSbTUk-00267-00152984-00153560": "two things that we've observed is that people can be connected to certain groups certain channels", "qABG5JSbTUk-00268-00153632-00154304": "but not in a way that's like you know top down but also that people join these groups based", "qABG5JSbTUk-00269-00154304-00154816": "on infinity or based on what they're working on and so these things kind of work together", "qABG5JSbTUk-00270-00154816-00155264": "to build these communities and to build the kind of structure that you see in these", "qABG5JSbTUk-00271-00155264-00155816": "communities but they're quantitative somewhat quantitatively elusive so they actually help to", "qABG5JSbTUk-00272-00155816-00156376": "evolve this network so again we return to this reconfigurability of expertise we're constantly", "qABG5JSbTUk-00273-00156376-00156816": "exchanging members into different groups based on the needs or based on people's interests", "qABG5JSbTUk-00274-00156816-00157352": "or whatever there's flexibility and membership between different modules in the network over time", "qABG5JSbTUk-00275-00157432-00157960": "and you have this network robustness assessment so this is a pseudograph where i've shown", "qABG5JSbTUk-00276-00157960-00158544": "if you remove the number of edges in a community if you remove connections between people and then", "qABG5JSbTUk-00277-00158544-00159032": "you look at like the number of nodes in the largest big component of the network and i'm", "qABG5JSbTUk-00278-00159032-00159552": "not going to get into what that is but basically what you find is that in this part of this graph", "qABG5JSbTUk-00279-00159648-00160152": "people tend to yoke themselves to a single community manager or connect to the most popular", "qABG5JSbTUk-00280-00160152-00160720": "contributors so this is this uh preferential attachment mode this is if selective connectivity", "qABG5JSbTUk-00281-00160720-00161184": "is too limited uh we tend to replicate the structures of a traditional academic organization", "qABG5JSbTUk-00282-00161248-00161704": "so if you don't let people you know if you don't give people guidance or you give them too much", "qABG5JSbTUk-00283-00161704-00162408": "guidance sometimes and don't let them form their own path and that cuts off sort of how", "qABG5JSbTUk-00284-00162408-00162864": "they're self-selecting their connectivity then you can end up with this kind of situation it's", "qABG5JSbTUk-00285-00162864-00163376": "not ideal because it doesn't really unlock the power of these organizations in my opinion", "qABG5JSbTUk-00286-00163432-00163992": "this being in this regime is a little bit maybe a little bit sub-optimal as well this", "qABG5JSbTUk-00287-00163992-00164488": "is if selective connectivity fluctuates too much at long time scales in other words if", "qABG5JSbTUk-00288-00164488-00165024": "people aren't like kind of guided into certain things but also aren't allowed to explore or", "qABG5JSbTUk-00289-00165024-00165608": "if these things are uneven over time so if like people get really excited on a project and then", "qABG5JSbTUk-00290-00165608-00166176": "just disconnect from it and then no one picks up this slack and you know these sorts of things", "qABG5JSbTUk-00291-00166176-00166648": "basically where the organizat the community just kind of falls apart because no one's interested", "qABG5JSbTUk-00292-00166832-00167336": "network robustness hits a critical lower bound so you risk community collapse this is where too many", "qABG5JSbTUk-00293-00167336-00167808": "people withdraw interactions for months or years at a time so that's another thing we want to avoid", "qABG5JSbTUk-00294-00167896-00168496": "the optimal is to be in the middle of this area here which is a balance of all these things and so", "qABG5JSbTUk-00295-00168600-00169028": "i hope that that was helpful to you thank you for your attention"}}, {"audio_id": "qAEp8U20b0y", "text": {"qAEp8U20b0y-00000-00000592-00001108": "you card use the tanking the", "qAEp8U20b0y-00001-00001108-00001588": "certainly the descended a fee houston make me a", "qAEp8U20b0y-00002-00001588-00002060": "combine on the stand son the daddy", "qAEp8U20b0y-00003-00002060-00002554": "they've been thinking if you need to returning came", "qAEp8U20b0y-00004-00002554-00003227": "being an idiot send me the event making singing victory or the other hand i mean", "qAEp8U20b0y-00005-00003227-00003483": "the that made me", "qAEp8U20b0y-00006-00003483-00003910": "being a return to the did he", "qAEp8U20b0y-00007-00003910-00004341": "because the making you know the divers in new", "qAEp8U20b0y-00008-00004341-00004813": "uh... cut down on the internet fan bear", "qAEp8U20b0y-00009-00004813-00005246": "roadworks are not the intended from the email", "qAEp8U20b0y-00010-00005246-00005946": "sota and uh... and can be candyman use in you know i'm all done they'll be kind", "qAEp8U20b0y-00011-00005972-00006127": "of a game", "qAEp8U20b0y-00012-00006127-00006584": "making that yes celery stick on the same man", "qAEp8U20b0y-00013-00006584-00007045": "sitcom victim soldiers student decide that yeah", "qAEp8U20b0y-00014-00007045-00007495": "high and i've done uh... that uh... goes did indeed being", "qAEp8U20b0y-00015-00007495-00008009": "sudanese did jump was our cash in my view there", "qAEp8U20b0y-00016-00008009-00008474": "practically out by number back date by sand bar", "qAEp8U20b0y-00017-00008474-00008925": "organizing characters benefits is also the job", "qAEp8U20b0y-00018-00008925-00009345": "where did they think he'd be designed developed that", "qAEp8U20b0y-00019-00009345-00009793": "if you have them on back on the other than my", "qAEp8U20b0y-00020-00009793-00010367": "near-term uh... we haven't gotten the gravel and sand", "qAEp8U20b0y-00021-00010367-00010864": "got captive come out the arctic not stop uh...", "qAEp8U20b0y-00022-00010864-00011336": "carteret gates mister convoys uh... combination", "qAEp8U20b0y-00023-00011336-00011865": "arctic silver haired jerry vale ki piazza", "qAEp8U20b0y-00024-00011865-00012195": "are back in nineteen thirty remote areas", "qAEp8U20b0y-00025-00012195-00012420": "handyman", "qAEp8U20b0y-00026-00012420-00013119": "truck directors feared and most of the reasons man piercing carloads of g_d_p_", "qAEp8U20b0y-00027-00013124-00013269": "demand"}}, {"audio_id": "qAM1V5f1MsA", "text": {"qAM1V5f1MsA-00000-00000000-00000200": "Prawn Queen", "qAM1V5f1MsA-00001-00000200-00000400": "Cook & eat hundreds of prawns", "qAM1V5f1MsA-00002-00000400-00000600": "Cooking village", "qAM1V5f1MsA-00003-00000600-00000800": "Street food"}}, {"audio_id": "qATmV7_IzFI", "text": {"qATmV7_IzFI-00000-00000040-00000600": "Hello everybody! My name is Mehrbod Estaki. I’m a postdoctoral researcher in the Knight Lab", "qATmV7_IzFI-00001-00000600-00001272": "at the University of California San Diego. In this video I’m going to give an overview of the process", "qATmV7_IzFI-00002-00001272-00002023": "of importing data into QIIME 2. We'll be mainly focusing on importing raw sequence data and also", "qATmV7_IzFI-00003-00002023-00002656": "demultiplexing of these raw reads. In this video I assume that you're already familiar with the core", "qATmV7_IzFI-00004-00002656-00003272": "concepts of QIIME 2 that was covered in a previous video, especially with regards to the semantic", "qATmV7_IzFI-00005-00003272-00004024": "types and the file formats of QIIME 2 artifacts, as these become pretty important components of", "qATmV7_IzFI-00006-00004024-00004728": "importing files into QIIME 2. Okay. This is a basic overview diagram of a simple workflow in", "qATmV7_IzFI-00007-00004728-00005536": "QIIME 2. This workflow starts at the top left with raw sequences and goes through the demultiplexing", "qATmV7_IzFI-00008-00005536-00006096": "of sequences, denoising of our reads to form a feature table and representative sequence files.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00009-00006216-00006840": "Then it creates a phylogenetic tree, as well as a taxonomy file, and finally it runs some", "qATmV7_IzFI-00010-00006840-00007640": "diversity analysis to produce some nice results and visualizations. What is nice about QIIME 2 is", "qATmV7_IzFI-00011-00007640-00008192": "that you can import your data at virtually any of these steps in the pipeline and continue to", "qATmV7_IzFI-00012-00008192-00008664": "use the various available plugins downstream without the need for the upstream files.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00013-00008880-00009464": "So, for example, if a collaborator gives you a biome table that they produced elsewhere -say,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00014-00009464-00010088": "in R- using a new in-house pipeline, then you can simply import that biome table without the", "qATmV7_IzFI-00015-00010088-00010704": "need to access the original raw sequence files, and you can just work your way downstream through", "qATmV7_IzFI-00016-00010704-00011384": "the available plugins and analyze the data using the new biome table you've imported.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00017-00011456-00011968": "However, before you can do that, you need to import your data into QIIME 2 in the correct", "qATmV7_IzFI-00018-00011968-00012472": "format. That is to say, you need to know the type of file that you have,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00019-00012472-00012928": "as well as the format (if needed) in which it was made.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00020-00013200-00013719": "In this series of videos, we're covering the entire process starting from raw sequences,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00021-00013719-00014384": "so in this video I’m going to mainly focus on describing the importing process from raw sequence", "qATmV7_IzFI-00022-00014384-00014856": "levels - but I just wanted to re-emphasize that importing can happen at any of these steps.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00023-00015256-00015584": "So before we start I just wanted to give a disclaimer here -and", "qATmV7_IzFI-00024-00015647-00016200": "this is purely my opinion, based on my experience working with a variety of data types,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00025-00016328-00016904": "previous QIIME 2 workshops, and answering questions on the QIIME 2 forum for the last", "qATmV7_IzFI-00026-00016904-00017592": "few years - and I found out that the importing of raw step is often the most confusing part of the", "qATmV7_IzFI-00027-00017592-00018192": "QIIME 2 pipeline for new users. I personally found this to be true with any bioinformatics", "qATmV7_IzFI-00028-00018192-00018760": "software that I've used, so this is definitely not exclusive just to QIIME 2 by any means. The", "qATmV7_IzFI-00029-00018760-00019440": "main reason why this step can be confusing is that there are many many ways your data can exist, in", "qATmV7_IzFI-00030-00019440-00020168": "tens to hundreds of variations that exist to date, and only one of those is the correct one for any", "qATmV7_IzFI-00031-00020168-00020968": "given data. So you really need to know what type of data you have, and what format it's in. And so", "qATmV7_IzFI-00032-00020968-00021680": "this is often this difficult concept for new users who may not be familiar with this type of data.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00033-00021912-00022384": "And just so you don't think I’m exaggerating when I say there can be hundreds of different data", "qATmV7_IzFI-00034-00022384-00023480": "formats, this is a list of 46 importable types and 75 importable formats which my QIIME2 environment", "qATmV7_IzFI-00035-00023480-00024088": "currently recognizes - and of course, there can be even more depending on if you have any additional", "qATmV7_IzFI-00036-00024088-00025048": "third party QIIME 2 plugins installed. I show this not to intimidate you, but rather to reassure you", "qATmV7_IzFI-00037-00025048-00025496": "that if you do find yourself struggling with this portion of the pipeline", "qATmV7_IzFI-00038-00025496-00025880": "when you're analyzing your own data for the first time, just know that you're not alone.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00039-00025976-00026456": "The good news is that once you have imported data into QIIME 2, basically the hardest", "qATmV7_IzFI-00040-00026456-00027039": "part is over and everything downstream is much simpler and easier to find help with.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00041-00027327-00028008": "Now while there's no automatic way of detecting your data type and format, there is at least", "qATmV7_IzFI-00042-00028008-00028712": "one resource that I know of that may be useful in helping you make sense of your data. This is an", "qATmV7_IzFI-00043-00028712-00029432": "example of an excellent quick reference flow chart made by Nick Bokulich. This can be found", "qATmV7_IzFI-00044-00029432-00030104": "on the QIIME 2 forum in the link provided here. This can help identify which type", "qATmV7_IzFI-00045-00030216-00030864": "and data format your input files may be in the majority of cases.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00046-00030864-00031576": "Perhaps not all of them, but it will do a pretty good job for most of the cases.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00047-00031808-00032624": "Okay, now let's take a closer look here at the process involved in importing your raw sequences", "qATmV7_IzFI-00048-00032624-00033248": "into QIIME 2. So far up to this point you have completed your carefully designed experiment,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00049-00033304-00033944": "you have collected your samples and extracted DNA from them, you've amplified your target", "qATmV7_IzFI-00050-00033944-00034688": "gene of interest (for example, in this case the v4 region of the 16S rRNA), and you've added", "qATmV7_IzFI-00051-00034688-00035344": "unique barcodes to the reads from each sample - and of course, ever so carefully recorded those", "qATmV7_IzFI-00052-00035424-00035680": "per sample barcodes in your metadata file.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00053-00035952-00036520": "Next you'll pull all of these different samples together and run it through your", "qATmV7_IzFI-00054-00036520-00037040": "sequencing machine. The sequencing machine then performs its magic and gives you", "qATmV7_IzFI-00055-00037096-00037872": "some outputs in the form of FASTQ files. I’ll describe FASTQ files in more detail a bit later,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00056-00037872-00038336": "but essentially these are the files which contain the actual sequence information of your reads.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00057-00038400-00038832": "You'll have one FASTQ file that holds information about the actual sequences,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00058-00038936-00039384": "and another FASTQ file that is specific to the barcode sequences.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00059-00039472-00040032": "For simplicity's sake, this example is just demonstrating sequences of the forward reads only,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00060-00040112-00040656": "but if you have paired end data -that is say if you sequence the reverse reads as well-", "qATmV7_IzFI-00061-00040656-00041184": "then you will receive an additional FASTQ file that holds information on the reverse read.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00062-00041392-00042136": "So what is a FASTQ file? Well you can think of FASTQ files as essentially a text file that", "qATmV7_IzFI-00063-00042136-00042808": "holds various information about your sequences in a somewhat standardized format. These files", "qATmV7_IzFI-00064-00042808-00043528": "are built on the older FASTA format that has been around for many years (most popularly perhaps used", "qATmV7_IzFI-00065-00043528-00044240": "with the 454 pyrosequencing platform), and the major difference between them is that FASTQ files", "qATmV7_IzFI-00066-00044296-00044936": "hold additional information about the quality of each base call. This is in fact where we get the", "qATmV7_IzFI-00067-00044936-00045960": "\"Q\" in the FASTQ name, which tells us that this is a FASTA file with quality scores. In a FASTQ file,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00068-00045960-00046784": "each read is described in exactly four lines. The first line, that starts with the @ symbol,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00069-00046840-00047440": "is a sequence identifier. This line is not really something that is well standardized,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00070-00047592-00047992": "so what is written here can vary from different sequencing facilities,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00071-00047992-00048760": "but it generally holds some information about the run, the equipment ID, their run ID, lane number,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00072-00048856-00049688": "perhaps the date, and so on. The second line is your actual sequences. In this example,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00073-00049688-00050392": "this is our DNA sequences from our amplicons. But of course if this was our barcode FASTQ file,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00074-00050392-00051152": "for example, then this would simply correspond to the seven or eight nucleotide long unique barcode.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00075-00051440-00052176": "The third line denoted by the + sign here, is a plus placeholder line, which can technically", "qATmV7_IzFI-00076-00052176-00052991": "hold a variety of information that you may want to include. But these days you mainly see", "qATmV7_IzFI-00077-00052991-00053736": "just a plus sign indicating that this is a placeholder line. Finally, the fourth line", "qATmV7_IzFI-00078-00053736-00054400": "holds quality scores corresponding to the sequences. These quality scores are coded", "qATmV7_IzFI-00079-00054400-00055376": "using a series of ASCII characters, which are then translated into numerical values downstream. These", "qATmV7_IzFI-00080-00055376-00056152": "quality scores, also known as phred scores or q scores, are calculated by the sequencing machine", "qATmV7_IzFI-00081-00056152-00056752": "and they tell us about the quality of our nucleotides in terms of error probabilities.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00082-00056855-00057504": "So for example, the question mark character (corresponding to the ASCII code 63 here)", "qATmV7_IzFI-00083-00057584-00058352": "translates to a quality score of 30. A quality score of 30 indicates that the probability", "qATmV7_IzFI-00084-00058432-00059400": "of the corresponding nucleotide being incorrect is one in one thousand, or is 99.9 percent accurate.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00085-00059567-00060312": "In other words, if we saw a G for example nucleotide in our reads, the likelihood of that", "qATmV7_IzFI-00086-00060312-00061008": "G having been called G by error -and in fact it was meant to be let's say a C-", "qATmV7_IzFI-00087-00061072-00061904": "is one in one thousand. These quality scores are very important and become a crucial component of", "qATmV7_IzFI-00088-00061904-00062455": "our quality control steps and filtering step that you'll learn more about in later videos.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00089-00062696-00063344": "Okay. Now that we have a better understanding of our FASTQ files, let's go back to our example", "qATmV7_IzFI-00090-00063344-00063967": "data. So again, here we have on the left our sample metadata file, which contains", "qATmV7_IzFI-00091-00063967-00064679": "information about each of our samples, including their unique barcode. In the middle we have a", "qATmV7_IzFI-00092-00064679-00065544": "FASTQ file for our barcodes. And on the right hand, we have another FASTQ file for our actual", "qATmV7_IzFI-00093-00065544-00066304": "sequences. What is important to emphasize here is that at this point our data is still multiplexed,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00094-00066368-00066928": "meaning that all of our sequencing data is contained in one location and in one file,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00095-00066984-00067720": "and they are not linked to their original sample source yet. And what we ultimately want is to", "qATmV7_IzFI-00096-00067720-00068616": "group all of our sequences from the multiplexed FASTQ file and we want to demultiplex them so that", "qATmV7_IzFI-00097-00068672-00069272": "each sequence is paired with the sample it originally came from. In other words, we want", "qATmV7_IzFI-00098-00069272-00069896": "all of the orange sequences to be paired with our orange sample, the blue the blue sequences", "qATmV7_IzFI-00099-00069896-00070640": "with the blue sample, and so on. The way we can achieve this is by simply mapping the sequences", "qATmV7_IzFI-00100-00070704-00071240": "back to their sample of origin using those unique barcodes that we added at the beginning.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00101-00071480-00072192": "So this is a very simple overview of how the demultiplexing process actually works. We", "qATmV7_IzFI-00102-00072192-00072824": "start from the right with our sequence FASTQ files. We take the first read we see there,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00103-00072888-00073464": "and now we move to the barcode FASTQ file and match it with the first read we see", "qATmV7_IzFI-00104-00073464-00074176": "in that file. It's worth pointing out that the order of sequences between these two FASTQ files", "qATmV7_IzFI-00105-00074240-00074952": "is paired, and they are always matched when they are produced by the sequencing machine. So what I", "qATmV7_IzFI-00106-00074952-00075656": "mean is that read number one in our sequence file will always correspond to read number one in the", "qATmV7_IzFI-00107-00075736-00076440": "barcode file. Same thing with read number 2 in the sequence file, it will always correspond to", "qATmV7_IzFI-00108-00076440-00077184": "read number 2 in the barcode file, and so on. Now in our barcode file, we read the unique", "qATmV7_IzFI-00109-00077272-00077808": "barcode identifier that is associated with that read, and finally we can map that barcode", "qATmV7_IzFI-00110-00077912-00078616": "using our metadata file and identify exactly which sample that barcode corresponds", "qATmV7_IzFI-00111-00078616-00079512": "to - meaning what sample our original read came from. In this case, the orange sample was our", "qATmV7_IzFI-00112-00079880-00080440": "original sample source. So we repeat this demultiplexing process for each read", "qATmV7_IzFI-00113-00080496-00080848": "until all of our reads have been assigned to one of our samples.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00114-00081096-00081384": "When the demultiplexing process is complete,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00115-00081472-00082240": "instead of having one FASTQ for all of our samples, we'll now have one FASTQ file per sample.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00116-00082328-00082912": "We no longer need our barcode file because we have already extracted the information that we", "qATmV7_IzFI-00117-00082912-00083680": "used from them. So this is what we refer to as a demultiplexed file. Of course, when you", "qATmV7_IzFI-00118-00083680-00084376": "are working within the QIIME 2 environment, you will only actually see a single QIIME 2 artifact.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00119-00084480-00084928": "However, we now know that the underlying structure of that artifact", "qATmV7_IzFI-00120-00084928-00085768": "is a series of individual FASTQ files. In fact, if you were to export this artifact at this point,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00121-00085768-00086256": "you'll see that all of these FASTQ files exist as a separate file within it.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00122-00086536-00087112": "And of course again if you have sequenced paired end data then you will have two FASTQ", "qATmV7_IzFI-00123-00087112-00087664": "files per sample: one corresponding to the forward reads, and the other to your reverse", "qATmV7_IzFI-00124-00087664-00088464": "reads. It is also worth mentioning here that, at this point, if you have paired end reads,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00125-00088464-00089080": "your forward and reverse reads are still not joined together. That is something that happens", "qATmV7_IzFI-00126-00089080-00089832": "at a later step. At this point they are simply held paired together but as separate files.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00127-00090216-00090816": "Now depending on the sequencing facility where your data came from, you may receive your data", "qATmV7_IzFI-00128-00090816-00091640": "in either multiplexed form such as in our example here, or demultiplexed. So if you", "qATmV7_IzFI-00129-00091640-00092072": "receive the multiplexed file, then of course you will need to de-multiplex your reads,", "qATmV7_IzFI-00130-00092160-00092864": "but if you receive them already demultiplexed then you can simply skip this demultiplexing process", "qATmV7_IzFI-00131-00092864-00093408": "in QIIME 2 and you can just move forward to the next step, which will be denoising", "qATmV7_IzFI-00132-00093408-00094120": "and clustering. The easiest way to know if you have received multiplexed or demultiplexed data", "qATmV7_IzFI-00133-00094120-00094784": "from your facility is by simply looking to see if you have received one FASTQ file", "qATmV7_IzFI-00134-00094840-00095384": "that contains all of your samples, or if you have separate FASTQ files for each sample.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00135-00095608-00096256": "So this concludes the lecture tutorial on importing and demultiplexing groups into QIIME 2.", "qATmV7_IzFI-00136-00096344-00096880": "In the next section, you will get to actually get a hands-on experience on how to import", "qATmV7_IzFI-00137-00096880-00097680": "your raw FASTQ files in QIIME 2. We'll see you again at the next video in this tutorial series", "qATmV7_IzFI-00138-00097680-00098184": "which will be about denoising or clustering your data. Thank you very much for joining!"}}, {"audio_id": "qAWF_E8GCXk", "text": {"qAWF_E8GCXk-00000-00000011-00000505": "Black Panther is a political ruler, a religious leader and a superhero all wrapped into one…", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00001-00000505-00000665": "but who is he really?", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00002-00000665-00001175": "Here’s a handy guide covering everything you need to know about the new King of Wakanda.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00003-00001175-00001570": "Despite only showing up on film recently, Black Panther’s been around for decades,", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00004-00001570-00002032": "first appearing in the 1966 comic The Fantastic Four #52.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00005-00002032-00002513": "Although the late '60s and early '70s introduced us to Black Lightning, Luke Cage and Falcon,", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00006-00002513-00002917": "Black Panther was the first black superhero to appear in both the Marvel and DC comic", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00007-00002917-00003017": "franchises.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00008-00003017-00003178": "But how did he become Black Panther?", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00009-00003178-00003393": "Basically it’s determined by his bloodline.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00010-00003393-00003832": "Going back centuries, each and every king of the fictional African nation Wakanda is", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00011-00003832-00004272": "also a Black Panther, an enhanced role that’s passed down from generation to generation,", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00012-00004272-00004551": "dating back to prehistory.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00013-00004551-00004973": "In the MCU, T’Challa, played by Chadwick Boseman, was already an avatar of the Panther", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00014-00004973-00005414": "god before his dad was murdered, which is different than how it works in the comics.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00015-00005414-00005828": "As a Black Panther, he has access to the wisdom and power of all the Black Panthers before", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00016-00005828-00005928": "him.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00017-00005928-00006251": "Not to mention Wakanda’s arsenal of high-tech weaponry and its number one resource,", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00018-00006251-00006351": "Vibranium.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00019-00006351-00006679": "This is the very same material used to make Cap’s shield, and it’s also woven into", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00020-00006679-00006815": "the fabric of Black Panther’s suit.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00021-00006815-00007302": "Actually, it could be argued that Vibranium is the root of Wakanda’s technological prowess.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00022-00007302-00007661": "The reason there’s so much of it in this one country is because eons ago a massive", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00023-00007661-00008222": "meteorite struck the land of Wakanda, resulting in highly concentrated amounts of the super-substance.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00024-00008222-00008635": "Vibranium has lots of incredible properties that were mastered by the people of Wakanda,", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00025-00008635-00008801": "putting them years ahead of all other human populations.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00026-00008801-00009396": "In fact, Wakanda is commonly referred to as the most technologically advanced human civilization", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00027-00009396-00009786": "in the Marvel universe, and with good reason.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00028-00009786-00010178": "Interestingly, Wakanda has never been conquered, mainly because the country is very good at", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00029-00010178-00010445": "hiding its strengths and keeping a low profile.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00030-00010445-00010905": "Their ability to avoid conflict and war has empowered them to advance their society and", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00031-00010905-00011297": "technology, resulting in a culture and aesthetic that is both ancient and futuristic.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00032-00011297-00011886": "You can’t talk about Black Panther and not mention the Dora Milaje, an all female group", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00033-00011886-00012236": "of badass warriors committed to a lifetime of protecting their king.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00034-00012236-00012611": "Although they only entered the Marvel comic universe in 1998, it’s clear they’ve had", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00035-00012611-00012853": "a big impact and will feature prominently in the film.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00036-00012853-00013262": "Although traditionally they were introduced as warriors trained from a young age to protect", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00037-00013262-00013705": "the king, it was also understood that he could choose one of them for his wife.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00038-00013705-00014097": "Recent Black Panther writer Ta-Nehisi Coates said that “Given what I know of men in the", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00039-00014097-00014455": "real world and what I know of men throughout history, that’s a situation that’s ripe", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00040-00014455-00014555": "for abuse.”", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00041-00014555-00015097": "As a result, he moved away from this tendency in his iterations of the Black Panther storyline.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00042-00015097-00015240": "And then there are the villains.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00043-00015240-00015722": "There are currently two major ones that we know of: Ulysses Klaue and Erik Killmonger.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00044-00015722-00016154": "Ulysses, played by Andy Serkis in the movies, has a long history with more than one Black", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00045-00016154-00016254": "Panther.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00046-00016254-00016557": "He has a big role in the comics but it’s looking like he’ll take more of a backseat", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00047-00016557-00016657": "in the movie.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00048-00016657-00017019": "The villain who does seem to be front and center is Erik Killmonger, played by Michael", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00049-00017019-00017119": "B. Jordan.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00050-00017119-00017456": "In the comics he’s a Wakandan who grew up in exile because of his dad’s support for", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00051-00017456-00017876": "Ulysses Klaue, but in the movie what we know right now is that his motive is to overthrow", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00052-00017876-00018109": "his rival, Wakanda’s new king.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00053-00018109-00018276": "What are your favorite facts about Black Panther?", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00054-00018276-00018409": "Let us know in the comments below.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00055-00018409-00018622": "For HitFix On UPROXX, she's Miri Jedeikin.", "qAWF_E8GCXk-00056-00018622-00018743": "And he's Steve Vasquez."}}, {"audio_id": "qBlG29BF8Hu", "text": {"qBlG29BF8Hu-00000-00000065-00000165": "Hi!", "qBlG29BF8Hu-00001-00000165-00000275": "Today is about \"to profit.\"", "qBlG29BF8Hu-00002-00000275-00000882": "In dictionary is \" to use the opportunity\" and there are few children at the kindergarten", "qBlG29BF8Hu-00003-00000882-00001479": "who told me they wish to be grownups because when they will be grownups they will be more", "qBlG29BF8Hu-00004-00001479-00002268": "happy and there are few people who also told me they wish to be children again because", "qBlG29BF8Hu-00005-00002268-00002634": "when they were children they were happier and I am thinking we don't really know how", "qBlG29BF8Hu-00006-00002634-00003214": "to take advantage of the given moment and at the given age and not only of that.", "qBlG29BF8Hu-00007-00003214-00003984": "We don't know to take advantage of the opportunities going through our lives and I want to make", "qBlG29BF8Hu-00008-00003984-00004530": "you thinking why are you not taking advantage now of all your chances.I think in Romania", "qBlG29BF8Hu-00009-00004530-00005048": "this verb should come out from the drawer with negative energy and even if you are told", "qBlG29BF8Hu-00010-00005048-00005507": "that you take advantages to feel a pride,not a guilt.", "qBlG29BF8Hu-00011-00005507-00005625": "What is your opinion?", "qBlG29BF8Hu-00012-00005625-00005667": "Bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "qBzoiYXZpZg", "text": {"qBzoiYXZpZg-00000-00000618-00000718": "Integrity and Inferiority", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00001-00000718-00001226": "Long ago when nothing but mere matter existed in the world and countless masses of some", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00002-00001226-00001692": "unknown things appeared, disappeared and appeared again one of them", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00003-00001692-00001792": "eventually survived.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00004-00001792-00002017": "we now call it life.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00005-00002017-00002713": "why life survived was because it was in its tendency to replicate. and this becomes a", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00006-00002713-00003390": "purpose of life to multiply. and in this struggle for existence, the superior", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00007-00003390-00003817": "one survives while the inferior dies.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00008-00003817-00003945": "Speaking of inferiority.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00009-00003945-00004485": "We, Humans, are the dominant species on planet Earth, # the superior one.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00010-00004485-00005070": "But were we always like this, nope.... analysing the evidence of evolution.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00011-00005070-00005685": "It was like the Universe creating a life form that can appreciate the complexity of their", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00012-00005685-00006051": "as well the complexity of the whole Universe.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00013-00006051-00006831": "Maybe Universe wanted to feel conscious, But is this sufficient for a species to reach", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00014-00006831-00006955": "such a goal?", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00015-00006955-00007115": "Is survival and competing against other specie was enough...", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00016-00007115-00008161": "The species that originated as prey that survived ate on the bone marrow.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00017-00008161-00008658": "To the species that can eradicate any life form in seconds.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00018-00008658-00009460": "Great challenges given by Nature have been overcome by us from Scavenging food to produce", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00019-00009460-00009676": "sufficient food for a lifetime.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00020-00009676-00010289": "We've figured out how a person can be a prey, but hundreds of prey become predators.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00021-00010289-00010711": "That killing our species for food and female causes", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00022-00010711-00011535": "this inferior community a great loss and thus we introduce Monogamy and brotherhood.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00023-00011535-00011824": "One whose curiosity has never died.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00024-00011824-00012225": "A species that is sceptical and willing to change for", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00025-00012225-00012494": "learning and exploration.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00026-00012494-00013755": "and in same, we competed nature well.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00027-00013755-00014341": "Even with such Neural complexity, we couldn't abolish Individual competition among us.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00028-00014341-00014721": "I understand that the competition is a must.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00029-00014721-00014972": "Humanity must grow, but at what cost.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00030-00014972-00015265": "You can't build humanity by killing it.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00031-00015265-00015737": "Cannibalism has been stopped and considered a threat between Hominids.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00032-00015737-00015893": "But what about the Exploitation.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00033-00015893-00016698": "the exploitation of community, gender, position, people one thinks as inferior.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00034-00016698-00016929": "Why it's not a threat?", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00035-00016929-00017548": "Yesterday, I asked a woman if she reported her husband for his violent tendencies and", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00036-00017548-00017648": "actions.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00037-00017648-00017916": "She exclaimed and whispered shut up!", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00038-00017916-00018127": "Don't say it loud.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00039-00018127-00019437": "see Today He bought me this Pink Saree.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00040-00019437-00019650": "He likes me, sometimes they show their frustration as you will understand this once you get married.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00041-00019650-00019887": "An act of violence and assault is a felony.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00042-00019887-00020195": "This act is a pure act of numbness which in some", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00043-00020195-00020767": "cases can bring satisfaction and if it does satisfy you then people around you are living", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00044-00020767-00021225": "in misery and hence you are nothing but a criminal", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00045-00021225-00021362": "and an abuser.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00046-00021362-00022037": "That woman was a prime example of how inferiority promotes inferiority.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00047-00022037-00022993": "and how people with morals and integrity are always inferior to the people with fewer morals", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00048-00022993-00023126": "and integrity.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00049-00023126-00023991": "I visit this store, It has more than 14 employees, it is quite often to hear offensive words", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00050-00023991-00024234": "from the owner to their employees.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00051-00024234-00024893": "And competitors think he is the most successful among them.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00052-00024893-00025632": "But what happens if one day one of your employees forgets their integrity and strikes it in", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00053-00025632-00025749": "return?", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00054-00025749-00025964": "No, that won't happen.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00055-00025964-00026397": "Beggars can't be choosers, he replied.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00056-00026397-00026689": "It bothers me that much to rely on.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00057-00026689-00027252": "When you have the same capacity and potential.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00058-00027252-00028243": "and once they realise they will start a war, fighting for equality with the superior ones.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00059-00028243-00028629": "It will be a great loss.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00060-00028629-00028881": "The voyage of being prey to an unbeatable legendary animal.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00061-00028881-00029455": "Humanity remembers the terror that was ruled by them.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00062-00029455-00030039": "War is not the villain that destroys the world, but the discrimination and differences that", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00063-00030039-00030261": "we have created.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00064-00030261-00031000": "and more these differences grow more the people start competing, in near future,", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00065-00031000-00031728": "we must keep ourselves ready for a stiff competition where basic needs are going to be scarce...", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00066-00031728-00032178": "I stand by humanity because I don't want to live like a king.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00067-00032178-00032618": "nor being enslaved, I want to live as a human.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00068-00032618-00034747": "Human the dominant species of this planet.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00069-00034747-00035160": "In the end I want to answer some frequent questions,", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00070-00035160-00035762": "many of you asked me if the stories I share, belongs to me?", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00071-00035762-00036293": "Or if this stories are the reason I'm a wretched, negative person...", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00072-00036293-00037072": "Well, my friends, family and people who have met me even once know how strangely chatty", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00073-00037072-00037872": "and joyful I am, I mean most of the time. and stories that I shared belong to you, me", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00074-00037872-00038290": "and every human in this society.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00075-00038290-00039078": "sometimes you are the narrator, sometimes the victim or maybe the culprit or an observer", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00076-00039078-00039377": "or you can be all.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00077-00039377-00040095": "thankyou for listening me please like share and subscribe to my channel.", "qBzoiYXZpZg-00078-00040095-00040213": "and comment your valuable opinion."}}, {"audio_id": "qBUX8bJ2WU8", "text": {"qBUX8bJ2WU8-00000-00000000-00001250": "oh Ines is sculpting some stone", "qBUX8bJ2WU8-00001-00001655-00002757": "very slowly now please put in the comments what this will become the", "qBUX8bJ2WU8-00002-00002757-00003175": "winner will receive the rest of the dust", "qBUX8bJ2WU8-00003-00003275-00004437": "and by the way over the last days we have produced a bathroom as you might", "qBUX8bJ2WU8-00004-00004437-00005165": "remember this wall had gone and it's now nearly finished", "qBUX8bJ2WU8-00005-00005336-00006011": "so everything's ready for the plumber to come in and get the tubing and connect", "qBUX8bJ2WU8-00006-00006011-00006784": "new toilet and yeah looks great doesn't it"}}, {"audio_id": "qC00Hrl_9Tu", "text": {"qC00Hrl_9Tu-00000-00000374-00000647": "L", "qC00Hrl_9Tu-00001-00000893-00001171": "S", "qC00Hrl_9Tu-00002-00001479-00001725": "2", "qC00Hrl_9Tu-00003-00001995-00002287": "W", "qC00Hrl_9Tu-00004-00002569-00002833": "O", "qC00Hrl_9Tu-00005-00003080-00003363": "A", "qC00Hrl_9Tu-00006-00003622-00003912": "D", 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Today we present you New Years release", "qC4DEju5JIE-00002-00000620-00000738": "i which we will do chest press", "qC4DEju5JIE-00003-00000877-00001066": "and summarize", "qC4DEju5JIE-00004-00001118-00001218": "for past", "qC4DEju5JIE-00005-00001242-00001393": "2 months of our trainings", "qC4DEju5JIE-00006-00001499-00001612": "we'll see what we achieved", "qC4DEju5JIE-00007-00001695-00001863": "there is 40kg (88lbs) on barbell", "qC4DEju5JIE-00008-00001863-00002164": "lets see how we will do", "qC4DEju5JIE-00009-00002164-00002264": "we will add some weights later", "qC4DEju5JIE-00010-00005512-00005651": "there is 60kg (132lbs)", "qC4DEju5JIE-00011-00005651-00005960": "which is Eugenes biggest enemy", "qC4DEju5JIE-00012-00005960-00006170": "i think he will do this", "qC4DEju5JIE-00013-00009294-00009618": "okay here is take 3 of Eugenes WAR with this weight", "qC4DEju5JIE-00014-00009625-00009798": "what do you think ?", "qC4DEju5JIE-00015-00009895-00010155": "sh*t. i must be confident! of course i can do this", "qC4DEju5JIE-00016-00010215-00010556": "okay let's see", "qC4DEju5JIE-00021-00011372-00011675": "okay we decided not to tell you", "qC4DEju5JIE-00022-00011675-00011786": "that he helped me", "qC4DEju5JIE-00023-00011882-00012223": "Nikita has some seriours sh*t here", "qC4DEju5JIE-00024-00012355-00012490": "25kg on each side", "qC4DEju5JIE-00025-00012557-00012677": "70kg (154lbs) total", "qC4DEju5JIE-00026-00012824-00012996": "i think he should do it himself", "qC4DEju5JIE-00029-00013600-00014122": "i want to say that cheesecakes are definately helping", "qC4DEju5JIE-00031-00014438-00014547": "TF is going on??", "qC4DEju5JIE-00034-00015255-00015429": "There is no way back bro", "qC4DEju5JIE-00035-00015513-00015613": "of course", "qC4DEju5JIE-00037-00015919-00016225": "cheesecakes are doing their thing. pancakes also", "qC4DEju5JIE-00038-00016307-00016656": "trying to stay in shape! -Understood", "qC4DEju5JIE-00039-00016696-00017045": "-Okay good luck! here we go", "qC4DEju5JIE-00043-00018288-00018388": "Nikita", "qC4DEju5JIE-00044-00018535-00018635": "Your opinion about this one", "qC4DEju5JIE-00045-00018713-00019005": "I started to lower the bar above my nipples", "qC4DEju5JIE-00047-00019255-00019467": "that quite fucked up me! let's try one more time", "qC4DEju5JIE-00048-00019647-00019817": "you heard that", "qC4DEju5JIE-00050-00021211-00021349": "i failed. to be honest i took the bar off", "qC4DEju5JIE-00051-00021391-00021674": "like 50kg. it was really light", "qC4DEju5JIE-00052-00021807-00021963": "pulled it down", "qC4DEju5JIE-00053-00022104-00022231": "and something happend and i failed", "qC4DEju5JIE-00055-00022482-00022582": "we will still aim towards it", "qC4DEju5JIE-00056-00022638-00022892": "i think we will definately do it in January", "qC4DEju5JIE-00057-00023010-00023177": "now we will do some push-ups on uneven bars", "qC4DEju5JIE-00058-00023299-00023459": "3-4 rounds", "qC4DEju5JIE-00059-00023491-00023747": "and then dumbbell bench press", "qC4DEju5JIE-00060-00023832-00024012": "let's go!", "qC4DEju5JIE-00089-00033026-00033147": "oh my god this music hahah", "qC4DEju5JIE-00102-00038658-00038901": "okay lastly we will do thiceps and that's it", "qC4DEju5JIE-00103-00039272-00039372": "So", "qC4DEju5JIE-00104-00039424-00039698": "let's sum our training", "qC4DEju5JIE-00105-00039703-00039978": "was New Years chest press", "qC4DEju5JIE-00106-00039978-00040282": "success or fail. Nikita: i think we could do better", "qC4DEju5JIE-00107-00040282-00040460": "next year we will do much better", "qC4DEju5JIE-00108-00040561-00040863": "we've been grinding for 2 months", "qC4DEju5JIE-00109-00040863-00041110": "for example we did dumbbell bench press", "qC4DEju5JIE-00110-00041128-00041286": "22.5kg (49.6lbs) with each hand", "qC4DEju5JIE-00111-00041319-00041539": "when i came here 2 months ago i did only 12.5kg (27.6lbs)", "qC4DEju5JIE-00112-00041539-00041741": "when Eugene came here he could only do 10kg (22lbs)", "qC4DEju5JIE-00113-00041741-00041980": "and now he is doing 17.5kg (38.6lbs)", "qC4DEju5JIE-00114-00042119-00042219": "so yeah", "qC4DEju5JIE-00115-00042237-00042521": "i think next year we will achieve much more!", "qC4DEju5JIE-00116-00042521-00042789": "100kg (220.5lbs) chest press", "qC4DEju5JIE-00117-00042789-00042989": "deadlift we will decide later how much we will aim for", "qC4DEju5JIE-00118-00043026-00043265": "next video we will tell you about our aim in 2019!!", "qC4DEju5JIE-00119-00043291-00043510": "i totally agree with you", "qC4DEju5JIE-00120-00043527-00043829": "success or not.. yea we didn't manage", "qC4DEju5JIE-00121-00043829-00044044": "to press as much as we wanted to", "qC4DEju5JIE-00122-00044044-00044210": "but we did a lot of progress throughout these 2 months", "qC4DEju5JIE-00123-00044267-00044547": "i think that's the main thing", "qC4DEju5JIE-00124-00044547-00044705": "okay! talk less, work more!", "qC4DEju5JIE-00125-00045076-00045239": "you didn't stop the video ahhahaha", "qC4DEju5JIE-00127-00045794-00045894": "tell me when you are filming", "qC4DEju5JIE-00128-00045990-00046090": "oh you are filming i get it -lmao"}}, {"audio_id": "qC-5jxOhcVo", "text": {"qC-5jxOhcVo-00000-00001119-00001355": "Wanna keep a dry roof over your heads, literally.", "qC-5jxOhcVo-00001-00001355-00001698": "When you need a reliable roofing solution.", "qC-5jxOhcVo-00002-00001698-00001907": "Our experienced team of professionals are ready", "qC-5jxOhcVo-00003-00001907-00002052": "to solve your needs.", "qC-5jxOhcVo-00004-00002052-00002318": "No job is to big or to small.", "qC-5jxOhcVo-00005-00002318-00002789": "Our experienced craftsman have years of experienced on all sorts of buildings.", "qC-5jxOhcVo-00006-00002789-00003080": "We are confident you will be completely satisfied.", "qC-5jxOhcVo-00007-00003080-00003267": "Don't delay and contact us today!", "qC-5jxOhcVo-00008-00003267-00003561": "Tile Roofing Los Angeles CA Hey there thanks for watching our video to", "qC-5jxOhcVo-00009-00003561-00003838": "get more fresh content regularly, the subscribe", "qC-5jxOhcVo-00010-00003838-00003953": "button below.", "qC-5jxOhcVo-00011-00003953-00004438": "And then also, like us on Facebook and engage with us through social media by clicking these", "qC-5jxOhcVo-00012-00004438-00004585": "icons that are popping up."}}, {"audio_id": "qD3VEXSe004", "text": {"qD3VEXSe004-00000-00000000-00000520": "Hi again! My name is Chelsea. I am both a librarian and a yoga instructor here at Brock,", "qD3VEXSe004-00001-00000520-00001056": "and today we're going to get to move through a bit of an unconventional study break. The focus", "qD3VEXSe004-00002-00001056-00001655": "today will be noticing some of the more subtle sensations that we have in our bodies. So if", "qD3VEXSe004-00003-00001655-00002296": "you're coming from maybe some really long virtual meetings, or some long classes, or study sessions,", "qD3VEXSe004-00004-00002296-00002824": "this is your chance to kind of tune in and notice some of the finer details; maybe your eyes are", "qD3VEXSe004-00005-00002824-00003368": "feeling a little strained, maybe there's a bit of tension in your neck and shoulders -- this will be", "qD3VEXSe004-00006-00003368-00003920": "an opportunity to really become aware of some of those things and what our bodies are needing, and", "qD3VEXSe004-00007-00003976-00004560": "relieve some of that with some mindful stretching. So we're going to go ahead and get started in a", "qD3VEXSe004-00008-00004560-00005216": "comfortable seat, or maybe standing; this can be seated in a chair, on the floor, or standing.", "qD3VEXSe004-00009-00005360-00005808": "And we'll start by taking the shoulders back and lifting up through the crown", "qD3VEXSe004-00010-00005808-00006576": "of the head to lengthen the spine; we'll level out the gaze, so we're not looking up or down,", "qD3VEXSe004-00011-00006664-00007256": "just nice and level, and then maybe gently closing the eyes if it feels comfortable,", "qD3VEXSe004-00012-00007256-00007695": "or just lowering the gaze, softening the gaze down towards the floor.", "qD3VEXSe004-00013-00007944-00008159": "Take a moment to check in,", "qD3VEXSe004-00014-00008344-00008816": "noticing how your body feels as it settles into whatever posture you've chosen,", "qD3VEXSe004-00015-00009232-00009480": "noticing if there are any areas of tension", "qD3VEXSe004-00016-00009536-00009984": "or gripping; maybe you can soften your shoulders down a little bit more,", "qD3VEXSe004-00017-00010328-00010648": "maybe you can lift the corners of your mouth just a little bit", "qD3VEXSe004-00018-00010736-00010920": "(tricked everyone into smiling, nice!),", "qD3VEXSe004-00019-00011328-00011656": "if there are any small movements you can make to get a little more comfortable,", "qD3VEXSe004-00020-00011656-00011904": "go ahead make those movements,", "qD3VEXSe004-00021-00012184-00012496": "and then gradually bring your attention to your breath.", "qD3VEXSe004-00022-00012768-00013744": "Notice how your breath is moving, the subtle sensation, maybe the breath expanding the belly,", "qD3VEXSe004-00023-00013880-00014712": "maybe rising in the chest, maybe you just feel the inhales and exhales through the nose.", "qD3VEXSe004-00024-00014960-00015584": "Just observe how it feels.", "qD3VEXSe004-00025-00016047-00016384": "And as you notice the breath, your thoughts may wander;", "qD3VEXSe004-00026-00016536-00017184": "just observe where they wander off to. Maybe your to-do list is creeping up on you,", "qD3VEXSe004-00027-00017384-00017752": "maybe you're reflecting on the class or the meeting you just had,", "qD3VEXSe004-00028-00017984-00018600": "and, acknowledging where your thoughts are going, gently bring the attention back to the breath.", "qD3VEXSe004-00029-00019344-00019624": "We're going to take three nice deep breaths in together,", "qD3VEXSe004-00030-00019688-00020288": "and as we do so, we're going to do what I call \"the squeeze\". On an inhale, we can all do this", "qD3VEXSe004-00031-00020288-00020968": "together now, we're going to squeeze the shoulders up towards the ears, squeeze the hands into fists,", "qD3VEXSe004-00032-00020968-00021472": "tense up the muscles in the arms, maybe in the legs, you can scrunch up your face if you like,", "qD3VEXSe004-00033-00021472-00021816": "and then with a big exhale through the mouth, we soften it all down.", "qD3VEXSe004-00034-00022048-00022592": "We'll do two more like that: inhale nice and deep, squeeze the shoulders up, squeeze the hands,", "qD3VEXSe004-00035-00022592-00023304": "tense up the muscles, scrunch up the face, and exhale we drop it all, let it all go.", "qD3VEXSe004-00036-00023392-00024200": "One more time: inhale squeeze everything up, and exhale release all that tension.", "qD3VEXSe004-00037-00024432-00025048": "And slowly, if your eyes were closed, we'll gently blink the eyes open,", "qD3VEXSe004-00038-00025208-00025839": "and we'll go ahead and get moving today. Now as I said at the start, we're going to try to", "qD3VEXSe004-00039-00025936-00026456": "get in on some of the subtle sensations in the body today, so we're going to start out really", "qD3VEXSe004-00040-00026456-00026895": "small and we're going to work our way from head to toe in all of our stretches today.", "qD3VEXSe004-00041-00026968-00027527": "The very first thing we're going to do is actually just moving the eyes. So when we're working on our", "qD3VEXSe004-00042-00027527-00027992": "computers a lot, we're frequently just staring in one direction in front of us, so we're going to", "qD3VEXSe004-00043-00027992-00028560": "start by just circling the eyes around, and this might seem a little silly but notice how it feels,", "qD3VEXSe004-00044-00028560-00029032": "and if you really notice a difference after doing this little practice with me. So", "qD3VEXSe004-00045-00029168-00029592": "again, we're still lifting up through the spine, reaching up through the crown of the head, either", "qD3VEXSe004-00046-00029592-00030216": "seated or standing, and we'll start by taking the gaze up towards the ceiling, not moving the head,", "qD3VEXSe004-00047-00030272-00030576": "just taking the gaze straight up. Take a nice deep breath in,", "qD3VEXSe004-00048-00030800-00031480": "and you can exhale with a sigh, you return your gaze level in front of you. Now as we inhale,", "qD3VEXSe004-00049-00031480-00032016": "we're going to drop the gaze, looking down towards the ground, maybe cross eyed", "qD3VEXSe004-00050-00032016-00032808": "and towards your nose; take a deep breath in, and exhale return the gaze to center.", "qD3VEXSe004-00051-00032960-00033424": "Inhale we take the gaze to the right, now take a nice deep breath in,", "qD3VEXSe004-00052-00033608-00034288": "exhale to center, and then to the left, taking a nice deep breath in,", "qD3VEXSe004-00053-00034504-00035024": "and exhaling to center. And maybe take a moment now,", "qD3VEXSe004-00054-00035024-00035472": "I know we had our eyes closed not too long ago, but just briefly to close your eyes", "qD3VEXSe004-00055-00035632-00035960": "and see if there's any way you can soften the muscles around the eyes.", "qD3VEXSe004-00056-00036232-00036736": "Often those muscles can really be working overtime when we're on our computers all day,", "qD3VEXSe004-00057-00036832-00037104": "so really soft, you can soften the muscles in your face.", "qD3VEXSe004-00058-00037544-00038096": "And now, I encourage you to choose what feels best for you today, either maybe keeping the", "qD3VEXSe004-00059-00038096-00038704": "eyes closed, or you can move your eyes with the rest of this motion -- we're going to draw some", "qD3VEXSe004-00060-00038704-00039176": "big circles with the nose. So we'll start by taking the nose up towards the ceiling,", "qD3VEXSe004-00061-00039264-00040048": "and then exhale we take it around one side, down towards the bottom, over to the other side,", "qD3VEXSe004-00062-00040136-00040800": "and back up, continuing this nice nice smooth motion,", "qD3VEXSe004-00063-00040800-00041384": "and maybe, as I suggested, closing the eyes through this process to give them a bit of", "qD3VEXSe004-00064-00041384-00042184": "a break, or perhaps tracing a circle with the eyes as well, looking in the direction", "qD3VEXSe004-00065-00042288-00042400": "that you're turning the head.", "qD3VEXSe004-00066-00042616-00043056": "Take one more circle in this direction, and then, the next time we come to the top,", "qD3VEXSe004-00067-00043056-00043808": "we'll gently switch, noticing how the neck feels as we gently wake it up,", "qD3VEXSe004-00068-00044024-00044264": "appreciating any subtle sensations here,", "qD3VEXSe004-00069-00044352-00044776": "not trying to really crank the neck around, not really trying to force things too much,", "qD3VEXSe004-00070-00044912-00045312": "just being nice and gentle in our movement. We'll take one more round,", "qD3VEXSe004-00071-00045600-00046280": "and the next time we come to the top, we'll pause and gently drop the chin to come level with the", "qD3VEXSe004-00072-00046280-00046912": "floor one more time. Awesome. From here we're going to take a nice big breath and reach the arms", "qD3VEXSe004-00073-00046912-00047648": "all the way up towards the sky; lift up out of the waist, and exhale reach the arms nice and wide.", "qD3VEXSe004-00074-00047744-00048272": "From here, we're going to go ahead and drop the left ear towards the left shoulder, so you'll", "qD3VEXSe004-00075-00048272-00048744": "start to feel a really big stretch in the right side of the neck, across the top of the arm.", "qD3VEXSe004-00076-00048920-00049528": "Continue to breathe here, notice the sensation, and if you'd like a little bit more, consider", "qD3VEXSe004-00077-00049528-00050224": "tilting your right hand back towards your face. This can be a really really big stretch", "qD3VEXSe004-00078-00050224-00050584": "across the forearm, you might even feel it through your fingers a little bit,", "qD3VEXSe004-00079-00050728-00051016": "and of course you'll feel it through your neck. Take one more inhale;", "qD3VEXSe004-00080-00051152-00051624": "exhale, we bring the head back up, return that right hand so that it's flat,", "qD3VEXSe004-00081-00051704-00051984": "and then we drop the right ear towards the right shoulder.", "qD3VEXSe004-00082-00052167-00052920": "So now we're getting that stretch across the top of the left shoulder, the arm, the neck; maybe we", "qD3VEXSe004-00083-00052920-00053472": "flip that palm up, making a stop sign with that hand. It's a very intense stretch, I feel it too!", "qD3VEXSe004-00084-00053584-00054128": "I'll take one more deep breath in, and exhale return the head to center. We'll go ahead and", "qD3VEXSe004-00085-00054128-00054784": "drop the arms, maybe roll the shoulders a little bit back, maybe a little bit forward,", "qD3VEXSe004-00086-00055104-00055272": "and then we'll take the hands together. You", "qD3VEXSe004-00087-00055272-00055655": "can interlace your fingers and just start to roll your wrists one way,", "qD3VEXSe004-00088-00055879-00056464": "and see if you can maybe switch directions -- it always takes a lot of thought for me to kind of", "qD3VEXSe004-00089-00056464-00056855": "figure out which way is which! So perhaps a little mental exercise for you as well.", "qD3VEXSe004-00090-00057216-00057752": "And then we'll release the hands, and we'll reach them out straight in front of us, making stop", "qD3VEXSe004-00091-00057752-00058200": "signs with our hands. Take a nice deep breath in as you flex your hands towards your face,", "qD3VEXSe004-00092-00058279-00058648": "and exhale we flip the palms down, making kind of like zombie arms.", "qD3VEXSe004-00093-00058784-00059488": "Inhale we take it up, and exhale we take it down. One more time: inhale take it up,", "qD3VEXSe004-00094-00059624-00060032": "and exhale take it down. Awesome. We'll shake it out.", "qD3VEXSe004-00095-00060120-00060520": "I have one more wrist stretch here, and I find this is great when you're on your computer a lot.", "qD3VEXSe004-00096-00060632-00061128": "Reach your arms out in front of you, your palms are facing each other, and then start to point", "qD3VEXSe004-00097-00061128-00061712": "your fingers in towards each other. From here, you can start to curl your fingers in,", "qD3VEXSe004-00098-00061712-00062167": "making fists with your hands, and now we have kind of gorilla arms going on. You'll start", "qD3VEXSe004-00099-00062167-00062767": "to feel a big stretch across the back of your forearm, the top of your wrist. Deep breath in,", "qD3VEXSe004-00100-00062904-00063600": "and exhale release, stretch your fingers out nice and wide. One more time, we curl it in,", "qD3VEXSe004-00101-00063791-00064079": "and release. You can shake it out,", "qD3VEXSe004-00102-00064224-00064648": "maybe appreciate any subtle differences you feel just in your forearms, your wrists here.", "qD3VEXSe004-00103-00064720-00064984": "It's great to take little breaks like that when we're working a lot.", "qD3VEXSe004-00104-00065160-00065672": "All right, from here, we'll take a nice big breath and circle the arms up one more time;", "qD3VEXSe004-00105-00065728-00066304": "reach up, lift up out of the waist, and then bending your elbows, we're going to cactus the", "qD3VEXSe004-00106-00066304-00066856": "arms down, opening up through the chest, drawing the shoulder blades in towards each other.", "qD3VEXSe004-00107-00066968-00067592": "Take a nice deep breath in here, and then exhale, we're going to bring the arms forwards,", "qD3VEXSe004-00108-00067592-00068216": "and we're going to bring the left forearm on top of the right so-- or the left elbow, rather, on", "qD3VEXSe004-00109-00068216-00068680": "top of the right. You can bring your hands either to the tops of your shoulders, so you're kind of", "qD3VEXSe004-00110-00068680-00069336": "giving yourself a nice hug here, or maybe you can bring the backs of your forearms together, or, if", "qD3VEXSe004-00111-00069336-00069848": "you're familiar with full eagle arms (that's what this is called), you can wrap your palms around", "qD3VEXSe004-00112-00069848-00070400": "to touch -- but this really depends on the range of motion in your shoulders and your wrists, and", "qD3VEXSe004-00113-00070400-00070880": "just generally how you're feeling today, so if you would like to be giving yourself a hug, feel free", "qD3VEXSe004-00114-00070880-00071408": "to do so! You can also bring the forearms to touch or wrap the palms, but we're really just", "qD3VEXSe004-00115-00071408-00071856": "looking for the same sensation, so we don't need to worry about the shape, we want the feeling,", "qD3VEXSe004-00116-00071856-00072488": "that's what's really important here. We want to think about drawing the elbows up, taking the", "qD3VEXSe004-00117-00072488-00073152": "shoulders down, and taking the hands (if they're up and not on the shoulders) away from the face.", "qD3VEXSe004-00118-00073336-00073920": "So this is a great stretch in the shoulders and the upper back, and wherever you are with your", "qD3VEXSe004-00119-00073920-00074632": "arms, with an inhale, we're going to lift the chest a little bit here, and exhale round it", "qD3VEXSe004-00120-00074632-00075288": "forwards, tucking the chin towards the chest. One more time, inhale we lift everything up,", "qD3VEXSe004-00121-00075392-00076304": "and exhale we round it down. Slowly we come back up, we unravel the arms. You can go ahead and", "qD3VEXSe004-00122-00076304-00076856": "shake things out, get a little loose, a little weird with it, totally fine, and then with a", "qD3VEXSe004-00123-00076856-00077488": "nice big breath in, we'll reach the arms up one more time, and exhale, cactus them down, taking", "qD3VEXSe004-00124-00077488-00077992": "the elbows out to the sides, taking the shoulder blades towards each other, opening the chest.", "qD3VEXSe004-00125-00078208-00078584": "And then we'll bring the elbows in, this time bringing the right on top of the left,", "qD3VEXSe004-00126-00078640-00079080": "either giving ourselves a hug, resting our hands on tops on the tops of our shoulders,", "qD3VEXSe004-00127-00079136-00079696": "or bringing the backs of the forearms together, maybe wrapping the palms around to touch -- again,", "qD3VEXSe004-00128-00079696-00080456": "focus on the sensation, what feels good in your body today. We'll start to draw the elbows up", "qD3VEXSe004-00129-00080456-00080952": "and away, taking the shoulders down, maybe taking the hands away from the face if they're lifted.", "qD3VEXSe004-00130-00081064-00081752": "Take a nice deep breath in, we lift the chest, and exhale, we round it forward, tucking the chin.", "qD3VEXSe004-00131-00081832-00082432": "One more time, inhale we lift it up, and exhale we round it down.", "qD3VEXSe004-00132-00082592-00082960": "Slowly making our way back up, unravel the arms,", "qD3VEXSe004-00133-00082960-00083400": "shake things out a little bit, maybe roll the shoulders a little bit, whatever you need to do.", "qD3VEXSe004-00134-00083552-00084136": "Awesome! Now we're going to get into the lower body a little bit. So again, this can be done", "qD3VEXSe004-00135-00084136-00084600": "seated or standing. Maybe if you're standing if you have a piece of furniture nearby for some", "qD3VEXSe004-00136-00084600-00085136": "balance, that might be helpful. We're going to start by picking that right knee up off the floor.", "qD3VEXSe004-00137-00085240-00086088": "So we'll start just by rolling the ankle a little bit one way, and a little bit the other,", "qD3VEXSe004-00138-00086336-00086856": "noticing how the ankle is feeling. I don't know about you, but", "qD3VEXSe004-00139-00086856-00087296": "sitting still at a desk for quite some time, it feels really good to move my ankle around.", "qD3VEXSe004-00140-00087568-00088136": "And then we'll just point and flex the foot. If you're standing, or if this is a lot,", "qD3VEXSe004-00141-00088136-00088776": "you can always support your leg with your hands if this is getting really challenging, or if you'd", "qD3VEXSe004-00142-00088776-00089360": "like a little extra challenge, you can always try to extend your leg and maybe go hands-free,", "qD3VEXSe004-00143-00089360-00090056": "trying to hold it up here. Totally up to you! And then we'll slowly bring that foot back down.", "qD3VEXSe004-00144-00090136-00090680": "Now, I have a challenge here if you're standing -- we can do this next pose again seated or standing.", "qD3VEXSe004-00145-00090680-00091040": "We're gonna make our way into a figure four stretch, so I'll show you seated, and then I'll", "qD3VEXSe004-00146-00091040-00091632": "show you standing. Seated, we cross that right ankle across the top of the left thigh, sit up", "qD3VEXSe004-00147-00091632-00092304": "nice and tall, and then maybe hinge forwards just a little bit to get that nice stretch in the glute", "qD3VEXSe004-00148-00092304-00092888": "and the hip. If we're standing, we can do this as well. This is where I would suggest having", "qD3VEXSe004-00149-00092888-00093480": "something to assist your balance. We want to start by crossing the right ankle across the left thigh,", "qD3VEXSe004-00150-00093536-00094320": "and then, almost as if we're sitting back in a chair, we start to shift, bending that left knee,", "qD3VEXSe004-00151-00094320-00094960": "and we feel exactly that same stretch. So again, totally optional, however you would", "qD3VEXSe004-00152-00094960-00095352": "like to approach this pose. If you're seated on the floor, you can even do this by bringing", "qD3VEXSe004-00153-00095352-00095944": "your hands to the floor, extending your left leg out nice and long, cross your right ankle over,", "qD3VEXSe004-00154-00095944-00096576": "and start to slide your left foot back in. Wherever you are, we'll take one more deep breath,", "qD3VEXSe004-00155-00096768-00097384": "and on the exhale we'll release, maybe shake it out a little bit, and we'll go ahead and do", "qD3VEXSe004-00156-00097384-00097896": "that on the other side. So when you're ready we'll start by picking up that left knee,", "qD3VEXSe004-00157-00097984-00098336": "and we'll just start by circling the ankle around one way and then the other,", "qD3VEXSe004-00158-00098520-00099248": "getting some movement down into the legs, some energy flowing down into the legs, noticing", "qD3VEXSe004-00159-00099352-00099584": "even the smallest of sensations.", "qD3VEXSe004-00160-00099872-00100096": "You can always support your leg with your hands.", "qD3VEXSe004-00161-00100272-00100592": "We'll go ahead and start to point and flex that foot,", "qD3VEXSe004-00162-00100792-00101192": "and again for added challenge, if you want to try extending your leg,", "qD3VEXSe004-00163-00101192-00101664": "maybe doing it hands-free, this will really engage the muscles in the legs.", "qD3VEXSe004-00164-00102048-00102624": "We'll do one more, and gently lower it down, shake it out a little bit,", "qD3VEXSe004-00165-00102711-00103224": "and we'll make our way into our figure four stretch. Either seated or standing, we're", "qD3VEXSe004-00166-00103224-00103783": "going to cross that left ankle across the right thigh, sit up nice and tall if we're sitting,", "qD3VEXSe004-00167-00103840-00104552": "and hinge forwards. Again, if we're standing, same approach, we're crossing the ankle over the thigh,", "qD3VEXSe004-00168-00104608-00104928": "and then we're sitting back as if we're about to sit back in a chair,", "qD3VEXSe004-00169-00105135-00105400": "trying to maintain that nice steady balance.", "qD3VEXSe004-00170-00105640-00106383": "Continue to breathe, notice how the breath is doing. Maybe we're losing track of the", "qD3VEXSe004-00171-00106383-00106744": "breath a little bit; if this is getting a little too much, we can always ease off.", "qD3VEXSe004-00172-00106864-00107032": "We'll take one more breath wherever we are,", "qD3VEXSe004-00173-00107232-00107640": "and exhale we'll unwind. You can shake it out a little bit,", "qD3VEXSe004-00174-00107816-00108368": "and now I will invite everyone to do the next few postures from a standing position.", "qD3VEXSe004-00175-00108368-00108904": "I will show you a seated variation if that is more to your practice today,", "qD3VEXSe004-00176-00109008-00109416": "but if you're with me, if you are coming from seated, we're going to start by,", "qD3VEXSe004-00177-00109416-00110032": "as I like to start, coming out through chair pose. So you can lift yourself up out of your seat,", "qD3VEXSe004-00178-00110088-00110535": "knees right on top of your ankles. If you're coming from standing, again, we're just going", "qD3VEXSe004-00179-00110535-00111080": "to sit back, like we're sitting back in a chair, reaching your arms out in front of you. And if you", "qD3VEXSe004-00180-00111080-00111704": "feel any tension in your lower back, try tucking your tailbone slightly under. We'll take one", "qD3VEXSe004-00181-00111704-00112648": "nice deep breath in here, sigh it out, and then inhale, we come all the way up to standing. Great,", "qD3VEXSe004-00182-00112856-00113424": "from standing here, we'll start by finding our mountain pose. Our feet are right underneath our", "qD3VEXSe004-00183-00113424-00113928": "hips, we take the shoulders back, reach the fingertips down towards the floor,", "qD3VEXSe004-00184-00113992-00114559": "and lift up through the crown of the head. Feel nice and stable,", "qD3VEXSe004-00185-00114768-00115040": "very bright and lifted through the upper body.", "qD3VEXSe004-00186-00115256-00115776": "We'll take a nice deep breath in, and exhale with a sigh here.", "qD3VEXSe004-00187-00116159-00116535": "On our next inhale, we're going to reach the arms all the way up towards the sky,", "qD3VEXSe004-00188-00116648-00117280": "and exhale come towards chair pose, bending the knees like we're sitting back in a chair,", "qD3VEXSe004-00189-00117280-00118168": "reaching the arms forwards. Take a deep breath in here, and exhale we fold forwards, keeping the", "qD3VEXSe004-00190-00118168-00118832": "knees as bent as you'd like here. If you would like to be doing this from seated as well, you", "qD3VEXSe004-00191-00118832-00119328": "are more than welcome to extend your legs slightly in front of you and fold forwards over your legs.", "qD3VEXSe004-00192-00119448-00120072": "On an inhale, we're all going to lift up halfway, bringing the hands to the shins or to the thighs,", "qD3VEXSe004-00193-00120208-00121200": "and exhale we fold one more time. On your next inhale, with the fingertips on the floor,", "qD3VEXSe004-00194-00121200-00121896": "we're going to step that right knee back, so we come down onto the right knee into", "qD3VEXSe004-00195-00121896-00122464": "a nice lunge. Now this is where, if you had any cushioning for your knee,", "qD3VEXSe004-00196-00122464-00122952": "you're welcome to grab maybe a blanket or something, if you have a yoga mat, a towel,", "qD3VEXSe004-00197-00123024-00123544": "this can be really more comfortable for your knee. If you'd like to practice this from seated,", "qD3VEXSe004-00198-00123544-00124159": "if you shift over to the right side of your chair, you can then drop your", "qD3VEXSe004-00199-00124368-00124872": "right knee underneath your hip, and you won't end up actually putting your knee on the floor here,", "qD3VEXSe004-00200-00124872-00125424": "but we can still get into the same position. So wherever you're practicing today,", "qD3VEXSe004-00201-00125559-00126200": "I want you to think about taking your left hip back, your right hip forward,", "qD3VEXSe004-00202-00126200-00126688": "and tucking your tailbone under. And you'll start to feel a stretch in your right hip flexor;", "qD3VEXSe004-00203-00126688-00127335": "this can get very tight when we're sitting. And for those of you who maybe have practiced a fair", "qD3VEXSe004-00204-00127335-00127744": "bit of yoga, you might be thinking this isn't a very big lunge, we're not really stretching a", "qD3VEXSe004-00205-00127744-00128296": "ton here, but notice the subtle sensation. You can get quite a lot out of this posture, and", "qD3VEXSe004-00206-00128296-00128959": "this is a posture that's a little more amenable to non-traditional yoga clothing. So you can see,", "qD3VEXSe004-00207-00128959-00129208": "I'm practicing in a pair of jeans today as I work from home.", "qD3VEXSe004-00208-00129368-00129928": "Wherever you are, with an inhale we'll reach the arms up, and exhale draw the elbows out", "qD3VEXSe004-00209-00129928-00130783": "to the sides, cactusing. Inhale, we reach up, and exhale, we bring the fingertips back down", "qD3VEXSe004-00210-00130783-00131456": "towards the floor so we can step that right foot back to meet the left. Inhale we lift up halfway,", "qD3VEXSe004-00211-00131584-00132264": "exhale we fold. This time we're going to step that left foot back, so we can come down", "qD3VEXSe004-00212-00132264-00132856": "onto that left knee. Again if we're in a chair, if we shift over to the left side of the chair,", "qD3VEXSe004-00213-00132856-00133384": "we'll be able to do this without putting pressure on the knee. We'll set ourselves up here, 90", "qD3VEXSe004-00214-00133384-00133888": "degree bend in the front knee, 90 degree bend in the back knee, taking the right hip back, the left", "qD3VEXSe004-00215-00133888-00134424": "hip forwards, tucking the tailbone, getting that nice stretch this time in the left hip flexor.", "qD3VEXSe004-00216-00134568-00135168": "Take a nice deep breath in, reach the arms up, exhale, we cactus the elbows down.", "qD3VEXSe004-00217-00135344-00136000": "Inhale we reach up, and exhale we bring those fingertips back towards the floor, stepping the", "qD3VEXSe004-00218-00136000-00136608": "left foot to meet the right, and gently folding forwards. We can rag doll here if we're coming", "qD3VEXSe004-00219-00136608-00137384": "from standing, holding on to opposite elbows, maybe swaying a little from one side to the other,", "qD3VEXSe004-00220-00137488-00137992": "maybe at center shaking the head a little yes and a little no.", "qD3VEXSe004-00221-00138232-00139144": "And then slowly we'll release the arms, rolling our way up either to standing or seated, wherever", "qD3VEXSe004-00222-00139144-00139848": "we started today. Wonderful! I have one more posture here. You're welcome to do this either", "qD3VEXSe004-00223-00139848-00140552": "seated or standing. This is going to be our full expression of eagle pose, so we've been warming up", "qD3VEXSe004-00224-00140552-00141008": "through the legs, warming up through the upper body, stretching everything out; this is one", "qD3VEXSe004-00225-00141008-00141656": "beautiful pose that I think can be really really helpful in a number of different ways. So we'll", "qD3VEXSe004-00226-00141656-00142064": "start from our mountain pose if we're standing; if we're seated, we're just seated up nice and tall.", "qD3VEXSe004-00227-00142192-00142720": "And we'll inhale, reach the arms nice and wide. On our exhale,", "qD3VEXSe004-00228-00142720-00143208": "we'll circle the right arm underneath the left, bringing the elbows on top of each other, either", "qD3VEXSe004-00229-00143208-00143736": "bringing the hands to the shoulders or bringing the forearms to touch, maybe the hands to wrap.", "qD3VEXSe004-00230-00143792-00144416": "This is step one. Step two, we start to sit back like we're sitting back in a chair.", "qD3VEXSe004-00231-00144584-00145152": "You are welcome to stay here or maybe perhaps move to a chair if you'd like to do this seated,", "qD3VEXSe004-00232-00145232-00145504": "and then we'll start to shift the weight into our left foot.", "qD3VEXSe004-00233-00145560-00146088": "This next part is optional: if you want to up the ante, you lift your right foot up off the", "qD3VEXSe004-00234-00146088-00146776": "floor, so we're picking up that knee, and crossing it over the top of our left leg.", "qD3VEXSe004-00235-00147040-00147464": "Again, totally optional, maybe you can wrap your right toes around the back", "qD3VEXSe004-00236-00147528-00148232": "of your left leg. This can put a little extra torque on the -- the knee joint,", "qD3VEXSe004-00237-00148232-00148760": "so please exercise caution, do what feels best for you today, and then try -- I'm", "qD3VEXSe004-00238-00148760-00149352": "having a hard time with my balance today! -- try to maintain your balance as you take your elbows", "qD3VEXSe004-00239-00149352-00150016": "up and away and your shoulders down. Take a nice deep breath in, and exhale we release.", "qD3VEXSe004-00240-00150184-00150648": "Slowly shake things out a little bit, and I'll demonstrate this next side from seated.", "qD3VEXSe004-00241-00150872-00151256": "So wherever we are, standing or seated, we start by standing up nice and tall.", "qD3VEXSe004-00242-00151368-00152152": "Deep breath in, we reach the arms out wide, and exhale, this time we do the opposite arm on top,", "qD3VEXSe004-00243-00152152-00152408": "I believe this is the right arm on top this time.", "qD3VEXSe004-00244-00152408-00152960": "We bring the hands either to the shoulders, maybe the forearms touch, maybe the palms wrap around.", "qD3VEXSe004-00245-00153160-00153640": "Take a moment here; if you're standing perhaps lower yourself into chair pose,", "qD3VEXSe004-00246-00153704-00154184": "or like me, perhaps if you're seated already, we'll continue to sit up nice and tall,", "qD3VEXSe004-00247-00154280-00154952": "and then the option here is to pick up the left knee and maybe cross it over the right.", "qD3VEXSe004-00248-00155248-00155696": "Try to maintain your balance, the engagement, lifting your elbows,", "qD3VEXSe004-00249-00155696-00156304": "dropping the shoulders. Take one more inhale, and exhale we slowly unravel,", "qD3VEXSe004-00250-00156456-00157256": "we unwind, you can shake things out a little bit, and then very softly, we're going to make our way", "qD3VEXSe004-00251-00157320-00157944": "either to a seated position on a chair or on the floor; if you'd prefer to remain standing,", "qD3VEXSe004-00252-00157944-00158608": "of course, you're always welcome to remain standing. We'll gently take the shoulders back,", "qD3VEXSe004-00253-00158736-00159264": "and I invite you now to take any final stretches that would feel really good", "qD3VEXSe004-00254-00159264-00159888": "to you, just for the next maybe 30 seconds. Notice the subtle sensations in your body,", "qD3VEXSe004-00255-00159976-00160320": "what cues you're picking up, what would feel really good right now.", "qD3VEXSe004-00256-00160480-00161184": "I'm going to take a little twist, gently, from one side to the other.", "qD3VEXSe004-00257-00161496-00161848": "And when you feel ready, we'll come to stillness.", "qD3VEXSe004-00258-00162056-00162560": "So whatever stillness looks like for you today, seated, standing, maybe even lying", "qD3VEXSe004-00259-00162560-00162992": "down -- you're welcome to take a full shavasana if you have the space to lie down on the ground.", "qD3VEXSe004-00260-00163168-00163728": "We'll gently either soften the gaze to the floor, or maybe close the eyes,", "qD3VEXSe004-00261-00163896-00164048": "and take a moment to check in,", "qD3VEXSe004-00262-00164224-00164744": "noticing the subtle sensations in the body as it settles into this posture.", "qD3VEXSe004-00263-00165344-00165632": "Noticing any areas of tension or tightness,", "qD3VEXSe004-00264-00165768-00166784": "any small movements we can make to get a little more comfortable.", "qD3VEXSe004-00265-00167024-00167336": "Noticing how the breath is moving in the body,", "qD3VEXSe004-00266-00167640-00168184": "if it's fast or slow, if it's a deep or shallow,", "qD3VEXSe004-00267-00168536-00169584": "noticing where you feel it the most.", "qD3VEXSe004-00268-00169832-00170304": "As you observe the breath, notice that the mind starts to wander,", "qD3VEXSe004-00269-00170552-00170984": "observing where it's running off to,", "qD3VEXSe004-00270-00171296-00171656": "and gently bringing the attention back to the breath and the body.", "qD3VEXSe004-00271-00172344-00172520": "Softening the muscles in the face,", "qD3VEXSe004-00272-00172736-00172912": "and the forehead, and the eyes,", "qD3VEXSe004-00273-00173248-00173784": "allowing just the trace of a smile onto your lips.", "qD3VEXSe004-00274-00174056-00174392": "We'll slowly, with an inhale, bring the hands to center,", "qD3VEXSe004-00275-00174640-00175184": "and exhale bow our heads forward in gratitude for this time that we've taken together today,", "qD3VEXSe004-00276-00175304-00175912": "acknowledging any differences in how we're feeling in our body, our breath, and our mind", "qD3VEXSe004-00277-00176040-00176584": "right now, compared to when we started our practice today.", "qD3VEXSe004-00278-00176832-00177064": "Slowly we'll blink the eyes open,", "qD3VEXSe004-00279-00177352-00177896": "and I'll say thank you very much for joining me today! I hope to see you next time."}}, {"audio_id": "qDIVG2dk3e4", "text": {"qDIVG2dk3e4-00000-00000000-00000350": "(upbeat electronic music)", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00001-00000673-00000880": "- So here in Downtown Los Angeles.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00002-00000880-00001093": "I'm gonna bring my cardio outside this morning.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00003-00001093-00001324": "Performing this fasted, so no food,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00004-00001324-00001620": "just some water and a thermogenic.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00005-00001620-00001845": "Start off with some stretches up here,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00006-00001845-00002095": "mobilise the joints, get some blood pumped into the body.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00007-00002095-00002386": "Now I can move on, start with some interval training,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00008-00002386-00002581": "and then basically low some low intensity cardio,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00009-00002581-00002770": "running around downtown and throw a mix", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00010-00002770-00003090": "of some chin-ups and crunches in it as well.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00011-00003090-00003251": "All right, let's get to it.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00012-00003251-00003601": "(upbeat electronic music)", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00013-00013705-00013998": "Cardio for me used to be about fat burning.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00014-00013998-00014271": "Used to be in the gym, on the bike,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00015-00014271-00014626": "was all about my heart rate, no more than 20, 30 minutes.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00016-00014626-00014960": "For me now, cardio is about getting out.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00017-00015115-00015328": "Getting out of my head, out of my body.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00018-00015328-00015607": "If anything it frees up my mind,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00019-00015607-00015910": "allows me to think, and really allows me to set up my day.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00020-00015910-00016218": "So today I'm in Downtown Los Angeles.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00021-00016360-00016647": "I like to get out of the gym, some days I'll be in the gym", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00022-00016647-00016931": "on the bike or the rower but today,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00023-00016931-00017172": "great weather, I start early.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00024-00017292-00017506": "And so to come to Downtown Los Angeles,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00025-00017506-00017931": "there's so many different nooks and alleys and pathways", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00026-00017931-00018259": "that I can run down and run up and stairs", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00027-00018259-00018655": "and obstacles to jump up, or lift my body weight up,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00028-00018655-00018908": "and that's a real dynamic way of", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00029-00018908-00019225": "exercising both the mind and the body.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00030-00019332-00019588": "So I start with a thermogenic.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00031-00019588-00019765": "I do my cardio without eating.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00032-00019765-00019950": "I get it done first thing in the morning.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00033-00019950-00020319": "Purely because, for the past 10, 11 years,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00034-00020319-00020476": "that's the way I've done it.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00035-00020476-00020826": "I utilise my body's stored fat as my fuel.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00036-00020920-00021272": "So it's a mixture of fast interval training", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00037-00021272-00021645": "with the sprints, which basically consists of", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00038-00021645-00021962": "20 seconds of all out effort sprinting,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00039-00021962-00022252": "and then a recovery phase walking back.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00040-00022252-00022582": "And I repeat that six or eight times.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00041-00022582-00022839": "And then, just finding a place to run,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00042-00022839-00023183": "upstairs, down some of the streets,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00043-00023183-00023515": "there's no real objective, 20 minutes,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00044-00023515-00023889": "if I find a ledge, something I can jump onto,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00045-00023889-00024099": "or a ledge I can lift my body weight up.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00046-00024099-00024516": "It's just all about having some fun with my cardio.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00047-00024693-00025051": "Once I've hit my run, I get some BCAA's in.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00048-00025145-00025468": "Branch chain amino acids, it's important to look out for", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00049-00025468-00025808": "a high leucine content, and that's it nothing else.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00050-00025808-00026225": "Just clean simple BCAA's mixed with some water.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00051-00026225-00026708": "And as I head back just to change up, get on with my day,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00052-00026708-00027167": "just a protein shake, a scoop, scoop and a half of whey,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00053-00027167-00027453": "or pea protein, you don't have too get to crazy", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00054-00027453-00027695": "about mixing everything into it.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00055-00027695-00027828": "This isn't a weight workout.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00056-00027828-00028061": "I just want to get some protein into my body,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00057-00028061-00028472": "start that protein turnover, then once I'm back home,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00058-00028472-00028808": "I've showered, I've dressed, then I can eat breakfast,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00059-00028808-00029084": "carry on with my day, then usually", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00060-00029084-00029308": "I head back down to the gym in the afternoon", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00061-00029308-00029517": "and start my weight training programme.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00062-00029517-00029670": "So, that's what cardio is for me.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00063-00029670-00029882": "It's to get out of the gym,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00064-00029882-00030174": "to get out of my home and just run.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00065-00030263-00030466": "Just get my heart rate up and I'm not worried about", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00066-00030466-00030856": "what my heart rate is doing, or how long I'm out running.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00067-00030856-00031059": "I'm just going to keep running until I feel good.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00068-00031059-00031268": "Once I'm at that point, I know I've done something,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00069-00031268-00031499": "I can get back, move on with my day,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00070-00031499-00031867": "and then my training doesn't start to define me.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00071-00031867-00032125": "I don't live my life around my training.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00072-00032125-00032361": "Training is just part of my life.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00073-00032361-00032575": "So whether it's cardio and weight training,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00074-00032575-00032889": "or weight training with a little bit of cardio after,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00075-00032889-00033095": "it's really no more than one hour,", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00076-00033095-00033459": "one and a half hours total out of my entire day.", "qDIVG2dk3e4-00077-00033459-00033876": "All right, speaking of which, let's get on with that day."}}, {"audio_id": "qDPaXpqyhV0", "text": {"qDPaXpqyhV0-00000-00000313-00000510": "The last feature that we want to demonstrate", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00001-00000510-00000697": "is offline data entry.", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00002-00000764-00001067": "We can use this feature to enter event program data", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00003-00001067-00001254": "without an internet connection.", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00004-00002038-00002412": "The first thing that I'm going to do is disconnect from the internet.", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00005-00003429-00003700": "We'll go to register an event", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00006-00004014-00004250": "and select a date.", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00007-00004250-00004597": "It gives us a prompt indicating that we are now offline", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00008-00004597-00004818": "and data will be stored locally.", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00009-00005028-00005398": "We can go ahead and enter some values for this event.", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00010-00005952-00006219": "We can also save this event,", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00011-00006509-00006803": "we can even change between different organization units.", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00012-00008511-00008828": "I'm going to go ahead and restore the internet connection.", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00013-00009786-00010236": "Upon doing this, it gives us a prompt that there is data stored locally,", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00014-00010236-00010600": "and asks us to please upload the data to the server.", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00015-00010700-00011001": "We can do this by clicking on the 'Upload' button.", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00016-00011231-00011481": "There's an indication that it's uploading the data", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00017-00011481-00011745": "followed by a prompt that it's uploaded successfully.", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00018-00011841-00012052": "This allows us to enter this event data", "qDPaXpqyhV0-00019-00012052-00012385": "even with an intermittent internet connection."}}, {"audio_id": "qDRmg9qaRIM", "text": {"qDRmg9qaRIM-00000-00000925-00001271": "In this task I'll stylize the data that it will be using to design a map with the state of", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00001-00001271-00001338": "Alaska", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00002-00001338-00001748": "and as we've already saved the QGIS layer style file the last task", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00003-00001748-00002069": "we can simply load that style for Alaska to keep a consistent", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00004-00002069-00002393": "feel in the colors and the line thickness between the two maps.", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00005-00002393-00002826": "so I've got QGIS desktop open and I've loaded the USA states", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00006-00002826-00003296": "shapefile I zoomed tightly into Alaska and to apply that same", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00007-00003296-00003778": "QML style files here, I'll simply double  click on my layer to open up", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00008-00003778-00004284": "the Layer Properties. go to the style tab go down to the style menu", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00009-00004284-00004604": "and choose load style select my", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00010-00004604-00004937": "style file I'll click open then click Apply", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00011-00004937-00005339": "so the same colors and labels", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00012-00005339-00005687": "come across that style file.   Here  Alaska is a bright red.", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00013-00005687-00006119": "This should be toned down or changed to a different color.  So I'm going to choose another", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00014-00006119-00006186": "color.", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00015-00006186-00006505": "Perhaps for the state of New Hampshire So I'll right click on that.", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00016-00006505-00006807": "choose change color and I'll note", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00017-00006807-00007248": "the RGB values which are 231 245", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00018-00007248-00007739": "183 a click OK. I'll right click on Alaska", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00019-00007739-00008102": "and choose change color and I'll apply that same", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00020-00008102-00008409": "RGB value here 231", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00021-00008409-00008738": "245 183", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00022-00008738-00009390": "and I'll click OK apply so we're finished designing the Alaska map for now", "qDRmg9qaRIM-00023-00009390-00009639": "in the next task, you will work on designing the map for Hawaii."}}, {"audio_id": "qDXLV1MK5r4", "text": {"qDXLV1MK5r4-00000-00000010-00000060": "MAY 14TH AT LUTHERAN CHURCH OF", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00001-00000060-00000066": "MAY 14TH AT LUTHERAN CHURCH OF", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00002-00000066-00000110": "MAY 14TH AT LUTHERAN CHURCH OF THE CROSS IN NISSWA.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00003-00000110-00000116": "MAY 14TH AT LUTHERAN CHURCH OF THE CROSS IN NISSWA.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00004-00000116-00000203": "MAY 14TH AT LUTHERAN CHURCH OF THE CROSS IN NISSWA. THE EVENT IS FREE AND OPEN TO", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00005-00000203-00000210": "THE CROSS IN NISSWA. THE EVENT IS FREE AND OPEN TO", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00006-00000210-00000270": "THE CROSS IN NISSWA. THE EVENT IS FREE AND OPEN TO  THE PUBLIC.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00007-00000270-00000276": "THE EVENT IS FREE AND OPEN TO  THE PUBLIC.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00008-00000276-00000370": "THE EVENT IS FREE AND OPEN TO  THE PUBLIC.  >>> IT'S NEVER TOO LATE TO LEARN", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00009-00000370-00000377": "THE PUBLIC.  >>> IT'S NEVER TOO LATE TO LEARN", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00010-00000377-00000533": "THE PUBLIC.  >>> IT'S NEVER TOO LATE TO LEARN SOMETHING NEW.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00011-00000533-00000540": ">>> IT'S NEVER TOO LATE TO LEARN SOMETHING NEW.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00012-00000540-00000640": ">>> IT'S NEVER TOO LATE TO LEARN SOMETHING NEW.   ADVENTURES IN LIFELONG LEARNING", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00013-00000640-00000647": "SOMETHING NEW.   ADVENTURES IN LIFELONG LEARNING", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00014-00000647-00000810": "SOMETHING NEW.   ADVENTURES IN LIFELONG LEARNING  IS BACK IN BEMIDJI WITH", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00015-00000810-00000817": "ADVENTURES IN LIFELONG LEARNING  IS BACK IN BEMIDJI WITH", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00016-00000817-00001017": "ADVENTURES IN LIFELONG LEARNING  IS BACK IN BEMIDJI WITH EIGHT FREE PRESENTATIONS FOR ITS", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00017-00001017-00001024": "IS BACK IN BEMIDJI WITH EIGHT FREE PRESENTATIONS FOR ITS", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00018-00001024-00001181": "IS BACK IN BEMIDJI WITH EIGHT FREE PRESENTATIONS FOR ITS SPRING SEMESTER.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00019-00001181-00001187": "EIGHT FREE PRESENTATIONS FOR ITS SPRING SEMESTER.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00020-00001187-00001247": "EIGHT FREE PRESENTATIONS FOR ITS SPRING SEMESTER. THE PROGRAM WAS STARTED BY", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00021-00001247-00001254": "SPRING SEMESTER. THE PROGRAM WAS STARTED BY", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00022-00001254-00001344": "SPRING SEMESTER. THE PROGRAM WAS STARTED BY  BEMIDJI STATE UNIVERSITY ALUM TO", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00023-00001344-00001351": "THE PROGRAM WAS STARTED BY  BEMIDJI STATE UNIVERSITY ALUM TO", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00024-00001351-00001508": "THE PROGRAM WAS STARTED BY  BEMIDJI STATE UNIVERSITY ALUM TO ENCOURAGE THE PURSUIT OF", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00025-00001508-00001514": "BEMIDJI STATE UNIVERSITY ALUM TO ENCOURAGE THE PURSUIT OF", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00026-00001514-00001618": "BEMIDJI STATE UNIVERSITY ALUM TO ENCOURAGE THE PURSUIT OF  KNOWLEDGE THROUGHOUT THE", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00027-00001618-00001624": "ENCOURAGE THE PURSUIT OF  KNOWLEDGE THROUGHOUT THE", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00028-00001624-00001831": "ENCOURAGE THE PURSUIT OF  KNOWLEDGE THROUGHOUT THE  COMMUNITY, NO MATTER THE AGE.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00029-00001831-00001838": "KNOWLEDGE THROUGHOUT THE  COMMUNITY, NO MATTER THE AGE.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00030-00001838-00002001": "KNOWLEDGE THROUGHOUT THE  COMMUNITY, NO MATTER THE AGE. TOPICS FOR THE SESSIONS RANGE", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00031-00002001-00002008": "COMMUNITY, NO MATTER THE AGE. TOPICS FOR THE SESSIONS RANGE", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00032-00002008-00002392": "COMMUNITY, NO MATTER THE AGE. TOPICS FOR THE SESSIONS RANGE  FROM LOCAL HISTORY TO", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00033-00002392-00002399": "TOPICS FOR THE SESSIONS RANGE  FROM LOCAL HISTORY TO", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00034-00002399-00002469": "TOPICS FOR THE SESSIONS RANGE  FROM LOCAL HISTORY TO DISCUSSIONS ABOUT ART AND SOCIAL", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00035-00002469-00002475": "FROM LOCAL HISTORY TO DISCUSSIONS ABOUT ART AND SOCIAL", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00036-00002475-00002502": "FROM LOCAL HISTORY TO DISCUSSIONS ABOUT ART AND SOCIAL STUDIES.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00037-00002502-00002509": "DISCUSSIONS ABOUT ART AND SOCIAL STUDIES.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00038-00002509-00002575": "DISCUSSIONS ABOUT ART AND SOCIAL STUDIES. THIS WEEK ATTENDEES LEARNED ALL", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00039-00002575-00002582": "STUDIES. THIS WEEK ATTENDEES LEARNED ALL", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00040-00002582-00002645": "STUDIES. THIS WEEK ATTENDEES LEARNED ALL  ABOUT THE CONCORDIA LANGUAGE", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00041-00002645-00002652": "THIS WEEK ATTENDEES LEARNED ALL  ABOUT THE CONCORDIA LANGUAGE", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00042-00002652-00002909": "THIS WEEK ATTENDEES LEARNED ALL  ABOUT THE CONCORDIA LANGUAGE  VILLAGES.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00043-00002909-00002916": "ABOUT THE CONCORDIA LANGUAGE  VILLAGES.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00044-00002916-00003116": "ABOUT THE CONCORDIA LANGUAGE  VILLAGES. >> HOW WE BEGAN OVER 60 YEARS", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00045-00003116-00003123": "VILLAGES. >> HOW WE BEGAN OVER 60 YEARS", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00046-00003123-00003149": "VILLAGES. >> HOW WE BEGAN OVER 60 YEARS  AGO.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00047-00003149-00003156": ">> HOW WE BEGAN OVER 60 YEARS  AGO.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00048-00003156-00003253": ">> HOW WE BEGAN OVER 60 YEARS  AGO. THIS SUMMER IS PRETTY IMPORTANT", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00049-00003253-00003259": "AGO. THIS SUMMER IS PRETTY IMPORTANT", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00050-00003259-00003410": "AGO. THIS SUMMER IS PRETTY IMPORTANT  BECAUSE WE'RE CELEBRATING 50", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00051-00003410-00003416": "THIS SUMMER IS PRETTY IMPORTANT  BECAUSE WE'RE CELEBRATING 50", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00052-00003416-00003506": "THIS SUMMER IS PRETTY IMPORTANT  BECAUSE WE'RE CELEBRATING 50  YEARS OF HIGH SCHOOL CREDIT", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00053-00003506-00003513": "BECAUSE WE'RE CELEBRATING 50  YEARS OF HIGH SCHOOL CREDIT", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00054-00003513-00003600": "BECAUSE WE'RE CELEBRATING 50  YEARS OF HIGH SCHOOL CREDIT  PROGRAMS IN THE VILLAGES.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00055-00003600-00003606": "YEARS OF HIGH SCHOOL CREDIT  PROGRAMS IN THE VILLAGES.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00056-00003606-00003950": "YEARS OF HIGH SCHOOL CREDIT  PROGRAMS IN THE VILLAGES. >> I JUST TALKED ABOUT MY", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00057-00003950-00003957": "PROGRAMS IN THE VILLAGES. >> I JUST TALKED ABOUT MY", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00058-00003957-00004250": "PROGRAMS IN THE VILLAGES. >> I JUST TALKED ABOUT MY  JOURNEY, MY VOYAGE, FROM LIFE,", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00059-00004250-00004257": ">> I JUST TALKED ABOUT MY  JOURNEY, MY VOYAGE, FROM LIFE,", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00060-00004257-00004624": ">> I JUST TALKED ABOUT MY  JOURNEY, MY VOYAGE, FROM LIFE,  AS BOTH AN ACADEMIC GETTING MY", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00061-00004624-00004631": "JOURNEY, MY VOYAGE, FROM LIFE,  AS BOTH AN ACADEMIC GETTING MY", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00062-00004631-00004738": "JOURNEY, MY VOYAGE, FROM LIFE,  AS BOTH AN ACADEMIC GETTING MY  DEGREES IN COMPARATIVE", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00063-00004738-00004744": "AS BOTH AN ACADEMIC GETTING MY  DEGREES IN COMPARATIVE", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00064-00004744-00004891": "AS BOTH AN ACADEMIC GETTING MY  DEGREES IN COMPARATIVE  LITERATURE AND LANGUAGES AND", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00065-00004891-00004898": "DEGREES IN COMPARATIVE  LITERATURE AND LANGUAGES AND", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00066-00004898-00005065": "DEGREES IN COMPARATIVE  LITERATURE AND LANGUAGES AND  TAKING THAT FURTHER TO GO ABROAD", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00067-00005065-00005071": "LITERATURE AND LANGUAGES AND  TAKING THAT FURTHER TO GO ABROAD", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00068-00005071-00005185": "LITERATURE AND LANGUAGES AND  TAKING THAT FURTHER TO GO ABROAD AND DO RESEARCH.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00069-00005185-00005191": "TAKING THAT FURTHER TO GO ABROAD AND DO RESEARCH.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00070-00005191-00005291": "TAKING THAT FURTHER TO GO ABROAD AND DO RESEARCH. >> THE CLASSES ARE HELD EVERY", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00071-00005291-00005298": "AND DO RESEARCH. >> THE CLASSES ARE HELD EVERY", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00072-00005298-00005395": "AND DO RESEARCH. >> THE CLASSES ARE HELD EVERY  TUESDAY IN THE BELTRAMI ELECTRIC", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00073-00005395-00005402": ">> THE CLASSES ARE HELD EVERY  TUESDAY IN THE BELTRAMI ELECTRIC", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00074-00005402-00005465": ">> THE CLASSES ARE HELD EVERY  TUESDAY IN THE BELTRAMI ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE AT 10:00 IN THE", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00075-00005465-00005472": "TUESDAY IN THE BELTRAMI ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE AT 10:00 IN THE", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00076-00005472-00005615": "TUESDAY IN THE BELTRAMI ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE AT 10:00 IN THE  MORNING.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00077-00005615-00005622": "COOPERATIVE AT 10:00 IN THE  MORNING.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00078-00005622-00005819": "COOPERATIVE AT 10:00 IN THE  MORNING. ANYONE IS WELCOME TO ATTEND.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00079-00005819-00005825": "MORNING. ANYONE IS WELCOME TO ATTEND.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00080-00005825-00006002": "MORNING. ANYONE IS WELCOME TO ATTEND. >> JUST SHOW UP, SIGN UP, AND", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00081-00006002-00006009": "ANYONE IS WELCOME TO ATTEND. >> JUST SHOW UP, SIGN UP, AND", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00082-00006009-00006222": "ANYONE IS WELCOME TO ATTEND. >> JUST SHOW UP, SIGN UP, AND  YOU WILL GET ON OUR MAILING", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00083-00006222-00006229": ">> JUST SHOW UP, SIGN UP, AND  YOU WILL GET ON OUR MAILING", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00084-00006229-00006272": ">> JUST SHOW UP, SIGN UP, AND  YOU WILL GET ON OUR MAILING  LIST.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00085-00006272-00006279": "YOU WILL GET ON OUR MAILING  LIST.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00086-00006279-00006426": "YOU WILL GET ON OUR MAILING  LIST. NO COST.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00087-00006426-00006433": "LIST. NO COST.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00088-00006433-00006709": "LIST. NO COST. WE HAVE FREE COFFEE AND COOKIES", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00089-00006709-00006716": "NO COST. WE HAVE FREE COFFEE AND COOKIES", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00090-00006716-00006933": "NO COST. WE HAVE FREE COFFEE AND COOKIES  AND CERTAINLY WE DO ACCEPT FREE", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00091-00006933-00006940": "WE HAVE FREE COFFEE AND COOKIES  AND CERTAINLY WE DO ACCEPT FREE", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00092-00006940-00007087": "WE HAVE FREE COFFEE AND COOKIES  AND CERTAINLY WE DO ACCEPT FREE  WILL DONATIONS BECAUSE THAT'S", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00093-00007087-00007093": "AND CERTAINLY WE DO ACCEPT FREE  WILL DONATIONS BECAUSE THAT'S", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00094-00007093-00007257": "AND CERTAINLY WE DO ACCEPT FREE  WILL DONATIONS BECAUSE THAT'S  THE WAY WE KEEP MOVING AHEAD.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00095-00007257-00007263": "WILL DONATIONS BECAUSE THAT'S  THE WAY WE KEEP MOVING AHEAD.", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00096-00007263-00007360": "WILL DONATIONS BECAUSE THAT'S  THE WAY WE KEEP MOVING AHEAD. >> FOR A LIST OF UPCOMING", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00097-00007360-00007367": "THE WAY WE KEEP MOVING AHEAD. >> FOR A LIST OF UPCOMING", "qDXLV1MK5r4-00098-00007367-00007634": "THE WAY WE KEEP MOVING AHEAD. >> FOR A LIST OF UPCOMING  TOPICS, CHECK OUT THIS STORY ON"}}, {"audio_id": "qE15XNhIcIY", "text": {"qE15XNhIcIY-00000-00000143-00000624": "Hi guys. I am ronald this is Yourway2norway and today we're gonna have", "qE15XNhIcIY-00001-00000624-00001271": "a cabin fashion show It's 2020 usually we would be down south", "qE15XNhIcIY-00002-00001271-00001623": "in portugal by a beach wearing only a shorts and a t-shirt", "qE15XNhIcIY-00003-00001623-00002343": "but it's covered and it's norway and now you will be presented for some sexy", "qE15XNhIcIY-00004-00002343-00003040": "some hot some unbelievable and some quirky summer cabin", "qE15XNhIcIY-00005-00003040-00003479": "fashion from north it's about being comfy", "qE15XNhIcIY-00006-00003576-00003984": "but it's also colors it's also about the light what are you wearing", "qE15XNhIcIY-00007-00003984-00004736": "i am really inspired by pipilong stockings from sweden some", "qE15XNhIcIY-00008-00004736-00005087": "japanese street fashion athleisure and this", "qE15XNhIcIY-00009-00005087-00005487": "is my comfy wear so let's get this show running", "qE15XNhIcIY-00010-00005487-00006174": "say hello to the models turn up the music", "qE15XNhIcIY-00011-00006519-00007279": "and the first one is the model j and j he is a typical fosh", "qE15XNhIcIY-00012-00007279-00007952": "he has a west end cabin style these are the rich people of norway", "qE15XNhIcIY-00013-00007952-00008608": "they have this you can see he has a west it's a little bit a laser and it's", "qE15XNhIcIY-00014-00008608-00009352": "a comfy but it's also kind of pretty", "qE15XNhIcIY-00015-00009352-00009711": "sexy yeah and he has matches some green you can see", "qE15XNhIcIY-00016-00009711-00010064": "he belongs in the nature green trousers green", "qE15XNhIcIY-00017-00010064-00011584": "sweater and he knows to use that ray definitely yeah", "qE15XNhIcIY-00018-00012560-00013336": "the next one is the model h hey h microsiemens", "qE15XNhIcIY-00019-00013336-00014072": "h8 the next one is model 8 she has a she has", "qE15XNhIcIY-00020-00014072-00014584": "some lovely earth colors", "qE15XNhIcIY-00021-00014584-00015384": "this is practical comfy really matching she has earthy tones", "qE15XNhIcIY-00022-00015384-00015768": "she this is a down to earth kind of fashion", "qE15XNhIcIY-00023-00015768-00016384": "and it's really practical and she has some accessories yeah she", "qE15XNhIcIY-00024-00016384-00016848": "knows how to water some plants and she's sexy because it's raining here", "qE15XNhIcIY-00025-00016848-00017384": "all the time and you can see the beautiful tones", "qE15XNhIcIY-00026-00017384-00018064": "yes really kind of nature inspired", "qE15XNhIcIY-00027-00018064-00018751": "and it has to be loose she feels comfy and this style is really good", "qE15XNhIcIY-00028-00018751-00019984": "for a norwegian cabin you can relax you can enjoy", "qE15XNhIcIY-00029-00020000-00020687": "now a special swedish treat the great land of fashion h m", "qE15XNhIcIY-00030-00020687-00021336": "and naked nude whatever and here is the model joy joke", "qE15XNhIcIY-00031-00021336-00021951": "joakim let the show run look he is has this authentic", "qE15XNhIcIY-00032-00021951-00022592": "norwegian sweater look at the patterns they are always in style never out of", "qE15XNhIcIY-00033-00022592-00023200": "style he combines it with a practical comfy", "qE15XNhIcIY-00034-00023200-00023895": "h m trouser and look he he knows how to handle wood the purse", "qE15XNhIcIY-00035-00023895-00024423": "is really typical look at the details for the purse it's practical but also oh", "qE15XNhIcIY-00036-00024423-00025783": "my god so fashionable we have that nice shoe that modern shoes", "qE15XNhIcIY-00037-00025783-00026280": "nowadays with those uh quirky socks", "qE15XNhIcIY-00038-00026280-00026936": "and uh everything oozes fashion oh the smile oh", "qE15XNhIcIY-00039-00026936-00028383": "swedish heritage", "qE15XNhIcIY-00040-00028408-00029072": "now we have the a cool guy down here it's the model p he is really", "qE15XNhIcIY-00041-00029072-00029624": "combining safety with earth inspired colors", "qE15XNhIcIY-00042-00029624-00030239": "it's fun it's creative it lightens up he's bright", "qE15XNhIcIY-00043-00030239-00030703": "look at his hairstyle that is really now 20 20.", "qE15XNhIcIY-00044-00030703-00031527": "it's a smooth laid back here it's safety and he knows how to get attention", "qE15XNhIcIY-00045-00031527-00032232": "around and about yes as combining safety with creativity and", "qE15XNhIcIY-00046-00032232-00033564": "earth colors give him a big hat", "qE15XNhIcIY-00047-00033616-00034384": "so now for the next model it's the model m and he has this", "qE15XNhIcIY-00048-00034384-00035232": "very unique look this is one of a kind this is outstanding this is expression", "qE15XNhIcIY-00049-00035232-00035968": "this is colors there's a very brave creative combination and this guy", "qE15XNhIcIY-00050-00035968-00036391": "he he knows how to stand out do your performance", "qE15XNhIcIY-00051-00036391-00037080": "but never lose his sense of practicality look as a real good norwegian he knows", "qE15XNhIcIY-00052-00037080-00037760": "to handle us all and he knows how to handle fashion", "qE15XNhIcIY-00053-00037760-00038160": "and look at the happen here yeah you can see the matching", "qE15XNhIcIY-00054-00038160-00038919": "he has this warm wool like cool hat with some red gloves on his hands", "qE15XNhIcIY-00055-00038919-00039512": "he's also occupied with safety but with details look at the colors this", "qE15XNhIcIY-00056-00039512-00039896": "is all about being bold being", "qE15XNhIcIY-00057-00039896-00040663": "out there outgoing but never lose his sense of practicality", "qE15XNhIcIY-00058-00040663-00040896": "this", "qE15XNhIcIY-00059-00041400-00042647": "give him a big hand and here is the model k our last model", "qE15XNhIcIY-00060-00042647-00043096": "today she is really representing", "qE15XNhIcIY-00061-00043096-00043800": "an eclectic style where she mixes stuff that she finds in the cabin that", "qE15XNhIcIY-00062-00043800-00044552": "warm knitted norwegian pattern jacket with the bright neon", "qE15XNhIcIY-00063-00044552-00045256": "modern colors look at the shoes they are really flashy", "qE15XNhIcIY-00064-00045640-00046296": "everything is really eclectic it's fun it's positive and i mean", "qE15XNhIcIY-00065-00046296-00046703": "you can all guys wear it it's comfy it's loose", "qE15XNhIcIY-00066-00046703-00047191": "but it's also top toned and very sexy it's very it's very thought through", "qE15XNhIcIY-00067-00047191-00047503": "very tall taught through but you mix that all", "qE15XNhIcIY-00068-00047503-00047912": "stuff with new but but this is", "qE15XNhIcIY-00069-00048103-00048519": "what else can you do in the middle of the woods you are stuck in a cabin with", "qE15XNhIcIY-00070-00048519-00049103": "lots of rain of course this is uh we have your catboy yeah kevin catboard", "qE15XNhIcIY-00071-00049103-00049408": "give her a big hand", "qE15XNhIcIY-00072-00049431-00050008": "come back let's see it and wrap up for now hey girls what do you do when", "qE15XNhIcIY-00073-00050008-00050400": "you race how how would you describe your summer", "qE15XNhIcIY-00074-00050400-00050736": "fashion or what do you think about which did you", "qE15XNhIcIY-00075-00050736-00051175": "like the most which outfit is your outfit uh", "qE15XNhIcIY-00076-00051175-00051824": "subscribe uh share your thoughts and reflections with us", "qE15XNhIcIY-00077-00051824-00052472": "look at his dog yeah this is and he he's this is the brave style", "qE15XNhIcIY-00078-00052472-00053095": "we love you guys see you soon for more uh madness and madness and fun and", "qE15XNhIcIY-00079-00053095-00053551": "everything from norway's bye okay", "qE15XNhIcIY-00080-00053551-00054360": "so finally we have the guy behind okay he might be the hottest he is not", "qE15XNhIcIY-00081-00054360-00055255": "afraid he's not afraid he's brave but you can see he's both cold and warm", "qE15XNhIcIY-00082-00055255-00055912": "he he combines warm polar clothes upstairs", "qE15XNhIcIY-00083-00055912-00056783": "and really nothing downstairs his expression is modern", "qE15XNhIcIY-00084-00056783-00057448": "his moves are when you have cabin fever and it's been raining for two", "qE15XNhIcIY-00085-00057448-00057800": "weeks and you don't know what to do and then", "qE15XNhIcIY-00086-00057800-00058327": "you end up with this fashion this style this sexy", "qE15XNhIcIY-00087-00058327-00059039": "uh really strange oh my god crazy wacko doodle", "qE15XNhIcIY-00088-00059039-00059555": "head texas style but my god he's giving it", "qE15XNhIcIY-00089-00059555-00060239": "subscribing for you yeah yeah you have to subscribe", "qE15XNhIcIY-00090-00060239-00060727": "okay thanks to all our models thanks"}}, {"audio_id": "qEgmpY5bYCE", "text": {"qEgmpY5bYCE-00000-00000220-00000364": "Icicle crash!", "qEgmpY5bYCE-00001-00000364-00000682": "Still eating their snowman.", "qEgmpY5bYCE-00002-00000682-00000806": "Sorry guys.", "qEgmpY5bYCE-00003-00001057-00001257": "The coconut was very nice.", "qEgmpY5bYCE-00004-00004653-00004886": "Mr. Wilson is a respectable neighborhood.", "qEgmpY5bYCE-00005-00004886-00005069": "That comes out from the yard sale.", "qEgmpY5bYCE-00006-00005069-00005452": "And clearly, it doesn't lose worth to effects immediately and can't be...", "qEgmpY5bYCE-00007-00005460-00005728": "Can't be...can't be...can't be appealed!", "qEgmpY5bYCE-00008-00009110-00009409": "Oh, the point is that the pace of the song reads the same thing", "qEgmpY5bYCE-00009-00009409-00009544": "about the bigger attraction.", "qEgmpY5bYCE-00010-00009544-00009616": "Not the moment.", "qEgmpY5bYCE-00011-00010346-00010546": "Not starting."}}, {"audio_id": "qFizyQ7mIHo", "text": {"qFizyQ7mIHo-00000-00000000-00000126": "Hello! こんにちは！", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00001-00000182-00000382": "Today is the last day of the wedding (not ours :)). //Aujourd'hui est le dernier jour du mariage.", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00002-00000472-00000672": "今日は従姉妹の結婚の最終日です。", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00003-00000672-00000826": "This place is actually a City Hall. // Et on est en ce moment à la mairie.", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00004-00000927-00001128": "Olfa:ここはチュニスのマヌバ市(منوبة‎)の区役所です。 Shun: That's great! // Superbe!!", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00005-00001162-00001304": "非常に綺麗な区役所で、", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00006-00001306-00001604": "部屋も何個か有り室内装飾も色々有ります。", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00007-00001796-00001996": "This is the last Photo shoot //C'est la dernière série de photos", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00008-00002016-00002216": "今皆さんは撮影中です。", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00009-00002258-00002422": "しゅんくんは「最後」って言いましたが、 Shun said \"last\", but I doubt people give up", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00010-00002422-00002566": "いつも長引いてしまうんで「最後」とは言えない！笑 on taking pictures that promptly!", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00011-00002566-00002696": "永遠に写真撮っても平気みたい^^ This thing just never ends ;)", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00012-00003062-00003261": "And we're going back to Japan tomorrow! //Et on rentre au Japon demain!", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00013-00003261-00003434": "明日日本に帰りますね。", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00014-00003492-00003692": "So what did you think about Tunisia? //Alors tu as pensé quoi de la Tunisie?", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00015-00004052-00004252": "Before that, just today... Avant ça, en fait aujourd'hui...", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00016-00004252-00004452": "Olfa's little sister //La petite soeur d'Olfa", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00017-00004452-00004848": "Couldn't go back home because of a \"double booking\" on an Air France flight. // N'a pas pu prendre l'avion à cause d'un \"double booking\" sur Air France.", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00018-00004848-00005048": "And she'll be able to ride the plane tomorrow //Elle pourra prendre l'avion demain", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00019-00005048-00005204": "Olfa: \"Over-booking\" :) Shun: Yeah \"Over-booking\"", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00020-00005776-00005976": "So the company, \"as a gesture of goodwill\" //Donc la compagnie, a fait un geste commercial", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00021-00006096-00006296": "They should indeed apologize //Pour s'excuser de leur erreur", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00022-00006368-00006568": "They turned her Premium // Elle est passé en Premium", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00023-00006709-00006781": "Premium?", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00024-00006845-00006926": "Think that was first class //Je pense que c'était Première classe", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00025-00006926-00007126": "Anyway they just upgraded her // Bon bref elle s'est faite surclasser", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00026-00007228-00007548": "If possible...For us too //Si possible... Nous aussi....", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00027-00007658-00007794": "She got money also  //Elle a eu de l'argent aussi", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00028-00007794-00007854": "Yeah, True //Ouais c'est vrai", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00029-00007854-00008008": "We don't care about the money //Mais on s'en fout de l'argent", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00030-00008008-00008184": "Just wanna try the seats lol //On veut juste les sièges", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00031-00008210-00008410": "The good thing is that she could join us today //Le bon côté c'est qu'elle a pu se joindre à nous ce soir", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00032-00008410-00008582": "She was supposed to leave earlier today //Elle était censée partir dans la journée", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00033-00008582-00008782": "A blessing in disguise //C'est donc finalement une bonne chose", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00034-00008782-00008964": "That was a good surprise for us, yeah //Une bonne surprise, oui", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00035-00008964-00009108": "We were like: \"Oh! U here?\" //On était là: \"Wa t'es ici?!\"", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00036-00009114-00009186": "If we stop prattling nonsense //Si on arrête de dévier", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00037-00009248-00009448": "Tunisia was really great  //La Tunisie c'était vraiment super", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00038-00009694-00009894": "So obviously Shun really liked Tunisia  //　しゅんくんがチュニジアのことを気に入ってくれたみたい^^", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00039-00009894-00010054": "According to him //本人によると", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00040-00010054-00010170": "It's beautiful, to begin with //Déjà c'est super beau", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00041-00010170-00010370": "And the people are really nice //Et les gens sont vraiment super sympa", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00042-00010590-00010790": "And even if you bump into a car with your  they'ld just say: \"Take care\" //Et même si tamponnes une voiture  il te disent juste \"fais attention, hein\"", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00043-00010860-00011298": "しゅんくんが人が優しくて、ぶつかっていても大丈夫と言ったのは", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00044-00011298-00011472": "自分の弟が起こしたプチ事故のことですよ。", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00045-00011472-00011860": "前の車をコツンとぶつけたら、運転手が優しいな声で「気をつけてね」と言いました。", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00046-00011936-00012252": "I think that Shun had a different idea of Tunisia before coming. 　//来る前にしゅんのチュニジアのイメージがすごく違っていたと思う。", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00047-00012252-00012562": "Many of my friends scared him saying: You should take care of yourself. //色んな友達が：気をつけないと！って言って、不安を感じさせたかも。", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00048-00012562-00012764": "Of course many things happened, among which terrorism... //もちろんテロも起きたのですが...", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00049-00012776-00013040": "But people should stop blaming muslims about that anyway. //イスラムのイメージがテロの所為で悪くなっていますが、イスラムと言う宗教の所為ではないです。", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00050-00013147-00013310": "So you imagined it differently?  // Alors tu voyais ça différemment?", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00051-00013338-00013519": "Yes, completely different! // Oui, complètement différent!", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00052-00013532-00013656": "That was completely different from what I've imagined  // C'était complètement différent de ce que j'avais imaginé!", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00053-00013656-00013804": "What was your idea of Tunisia before coming? // Et tu imaginais quoi avant de venir?", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00054-00013824-00014024": "Before coming I was rather stressed!  //Avant de venir j'étais assez stressé!", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00055-00014119-00014441": "Because that was my first time in North Africa. // C'était ma première fois en Afrique du Nord.", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00056-00014544-00014874": "Partly because many things happened in the past. // A cause des incidents qui sont arrivés dans le passé.", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00057-00014884-00015084": "I have to say I felt rather unsafe at first, but // Je n'étais pas vraiment rassuré au début mais", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00058-00015156-00015356": "But after I arrived  // Mais après que je sois arrivé", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00059-00015396-00015630": "This stress just left // Je n'ai plus rien ressenti du tout", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00060-00015630-00015818": "Okay that didn't completely disappeared // Bon je n'ai pas été super à l'aise tout de suite", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00061-00015840-00016040": "But I felt really better // Mais je me suis senti beaucoup mieux", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00062-00016062-00016262": "And I could really enjoy my time in Tunisia // Et j'ai vraiment pu profiter de la Tunisie", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00063-00016294-00016518": "So Shun just said he was super stressed  // しゅんがすごく緊張をしていたと言っています。", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00064-00016518-00016758": "Because he never went to neither Africa nor North Africa before. // 北アフリカに言ったことがないことで。", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00065-00016758-00016910": "And that he didn't knew how that was going to be // どうなるか分からなかったから。", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00066-00016936-00017136": "But when he arrived this stress nearly completely disappeared　// だけど着いた時に随分楽になったみらい。", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00067-00017160-00017430": "And that he could enjoy a lot, right? // で、楽しめたでしょうね。", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00068-00017430-00017558": "Yes, that's it // Ouais, exact", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00069-00017558-00017752": "So you enjoyed right? // Tu t'es amusé pas vrai?", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00070-00017752-00017920": "But wait, look at that! // Mais attend, regarde ça!", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00071-00017920-00018024": "Look at the Time // Regarde le Temps", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00072-00018048-00018156": "Do you see, 3 minutes // Tu vois, 3 minutes", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00073-00018172-00018320": "So probably no one is still watching // Je pense que plus personne n'est là", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00074-00018320-00018492": "They're all like: \"Can't watch anymooooore\" // Tout le monde doit être là \"Trop pour moi, j'arrête !\"", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00075-00018506-00018706": "You won't watch a video this long, right? // Vous regarderez pas une video si longue, pas vrai", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00076-00018778-00018978": "XDXDXDXDXDXDXD // XDXDXDXDXDXDXD", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00077-00019000-00019196": "So Shun says that people won't watch any video longer that 3 minutes.　// しゅんによれば3分以上のビデオはつまらな過ぎ", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00078-00019196-00019350": "So we must say Goodbye // だからお別れの時間だ", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00079-00019350-00019550": "We hope that would have been a good summary of Tunisia　// チュニジアの良いサマリーになると良いね", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00080-00019710-00019910": "So, we say Goodbye? // Alors, on leur dit aurevoir ?", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00081-00019912-00020112": "Yep, we should // Ouais exact", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00082-00020112-00020356": "So we let you with cakes from the weddiiiiing // チュニジアのお菓子でさよ〜なら🎵", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00083-00020356-00020556": "We ate so many of them // いっぱい食べたけど〜", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00084-00020734-00020952": "I forgot to remove the paper // 下の紙取るのを忘れたっw", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00085-00020980-00021180": "Bye Bye!! // バイバイ！！", "qFizyQ7mIHo-00086-00021180-00021344": "That's my cousin behind // 後ろは従姉妹だよ！"}}, {"audio_id": "qFpEsD3-Ywu", "text": {"qFpEsD3-Ywu-00000-00000000-00000231": "Finds from the Garbage Dump 27 October 2015", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00001-00000240-00000988": "27 October ,Tuesday,we start recording and see what we can find interesting today", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00002-00004892-00005256": "the holidays are soon to be seen...", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00003-00008434-00008634": "look what we have here...", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00004-00010678-00011104": "it's fucking Old Tesla Radio:):):)", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00005-00011104-00011670": "This is a fucking classic:)", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00006-00015680-00015880": "Tesla", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00007-00016296-00016772": "it's just something amazing just specific frogs:)", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00008-00017374-00017574": "beautiful thing:)", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00009-00018814-00019108": "look at another computer...", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00010-00019108-00019586": "Dell now", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00011-00026700-00026900": "monopoly", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00012-00029856-00030258": "another porcelain with a  Ćmielów", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00013-00036062-00036692": "more toys this time a children's home", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00014-00038572-00039172": "during the finds ,you find artificial teeth,from example:):):)", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00015-00039752-00040224": "Cinema magazine 78years...", "qFpEsD3-Ywu-00016-00042664-00043230": "here we have a pretty good feeding chair..."}}, {"audio_id": "qFuE2gZfgd8", "text": {"qFuE2gZfgd8-00000-00000032-00000304": "This short video will introduce you to the UK Data Service", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00001-00000304-00000384": "catalogue search.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00002-00000488-00000720": "The data catalogue search tool can be accessed from the", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00003-00000720-00001088": "homepage at ukdataservice.ac.uk.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00004-00001208-00001492": "If you know the name or study number for the dataset you", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00005-00001492-00001768": "would like to access you can type this into the search box", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00006-00001768-00002064": "and click the 'search' button to bring up results for these terms.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00007-00002200-00002448": "Or if you are not exactly sure what you are looking for but", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00008-00002448-00002752": "know the general subject area that you wish to find data on", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00009-00002752-00003080": "you can simply type in a search term, for example ‘living", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00010-00003080-00003400": "costs’ and press ‘enter’ or click the ‘search’ button.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00011-00003576-00003879": "This will bring you a list of results sorted by relevance.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00012-00003879-00004136": "So in this instance, the ‘Living Costs and Food Survey,", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00013-00004136-00004384": "2011’ features at the top of the list.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00014-00004504-00004816": "You can also alter the search options using the ‘sort by’", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00015-00004816-00005192": "box to display by latest release or to sort alphabetically.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00016-00005368-00005584": "You can then refine your search further by using the", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00017-00005584-00005816": "drop-down menus on the left-hand side.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00018-00005816-00005984": "You can refine by a date range,", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00019-00006184-00006768": "or topic - the UK Data Service facilitates access to data on a wide range of different topics -", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00020-00006768-00007023": "and you can search these by using the dropdown box to filter", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00021-00007023-00007223": "by a specific topics such as labour,", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00022-00007223-00007400": "employment, health, or economics.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00023-00007552-00007872": "You can also select a specific data type from a list,", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00024-00007872-00008272": "whether it's survey data, historical data or teaching data for example.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00025-00008480-00008736": "The 'access' option on the left hand menu, enables you to", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00026-00008736-00009024": "narrow your search to data that are subject to specific access", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00027-00009024-00009080": "conditions.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00028-00009168-00009600": "The three options available are open, safeguarded or controlled data.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00029-00009696-00010160": "You can find further details on the various access conditions on our 'Access Processes and", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00030-00010160-00010456": "Conditions' page available through the 'Find Data' menu.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00031-00010456-00010808": "And then 'open, safeguarded or controlled SecureLab access'.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00032-00010984-00011296": "The UK Data Service also facilitates access to international", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00033-00011296-00011584": "data and so you can use the final dropdown menu to filter", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00034-00011584-00011752": "to data from a specific country.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00035-00011952-00012232": "Once you have identified some data you want to download", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00036-00012232-00012776": "click on the name of the data set, in this example, the ‘Living Costs and Food Survey, 2011’,", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00037-00012776-00013016": "and you will be directed to the data catalogue page.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00038-00013096-00013391": "Here you can find details about the dataset, as well as the", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00039-00013391-00013528": "accompanying documentation.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00040-00013656-00013912": "You can learn more about how to access data from this page", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00041-00013912-00014072": "in our ‘Accessing data’ video", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00042-00014072-00014368": "available on our YouTube channel and linked in the description below.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00043-00014488-00014712": "This has been a quick overview of the catalogue search", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00044-00014712-00014791": "tools.", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00045-00014791-00015088": "For more details and advanced search options, please see the", "qFuE2gZfgd8-00046-00015088-00015584": "'search tips' on the catalogue search page."}}, {"audio_id": "qFyiWJrwA1M", "text": {"qFyiWJrwA1M-00000-00000094-00000664": "R. Pries: Great okay, so I'm very happy today to introduce Kiran Kedlaya,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00001-00000664-00001208": "who's talking about the Sato-Tate conjecture and it's generalizations.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00002-00001218-00001572": "Oh and Kiran, is it okay if we post your talk on Youtube?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00003-00001604-00001804": "K. Kedlaya: Yes, it is", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00004-00001854-00002066": "All right, so let's go ahead and get started.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00005-00002153-00002384": "So, thank you to Rachel for", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00006-00002458-00002658": "having the foresight to", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00007-00002664-00002888": "start a seminar that could handle a", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00008-00002990-00003324": "global emergency, although this is maybe not the one she's thinking of,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00009-00003324-00003754": "and Drew for helping get us over the 100-participant barrier", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00010-00003774-00004522": "I see there are about 150 people signed in. So it's wonderful to see so many people gathered in a virtual sense", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00011-00004642-00005246": "Let me start by saying that you should have on screen my slides", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00012-00005407-00005714": "You should have the screen share visible that shows the title slide", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00013-00005736-00006442": "I should also mention that you can download these slides either from my website, which is", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00014-00006478-00006962": "listed here in the middle of the slide or from the  VaNTAGe seminar webpage.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00015-00006990-00007542": "You might want to do that in case you want to look at a different slide than the one I'm talking about", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00016-00007564-00007980": "Or you can also get the slides in the handout mode", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00017-00007980-00008314": "where the overlays don't appear if you prefer to look at them without the overlays", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00018-00008322-00008642": "I'm gonna display them with the overlays, but if you prefer to look at them without,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00019-00008715-00008915": "you can download", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00020-00008979-00009221": "from either of those places, the handout version", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00021-00009336-00009634": "One thing you might do with those slides", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00022-00009646-00010272": "is click on photos. So you'll notice that I've embedded a thumbnail photo in here. This is me, obviously", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00023-00010393-00010543": "It's a link", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00024-00010543-00011165": "So if you actually have the slides available, I don't know if you can see my mouse over here,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00025-00011236-00011884": "that if you click on this it should open in your browser to the original where I pulled these off of the Internet", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00026-00012130-00012438": "Don't copy these without figuring out whether you have the right to do so", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00027-00012706-00013091": "But I figured this is a nice way for for me to show you", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00028-00013091-00013386": "what all the people actually look like in this talk", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00029-00013386-00013886": "Okay, so let's move on then. There are going to be five sections", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00030-00013894-00014338": "My plan is to pause for questions after each one although you can also", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00031-00014352-00014969": "interrupt with a question in the chat at any point. I can either take them as", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00032-00014994-00015196": "they come in or I can take them to the breaks", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00033-00015262-00015896": "But let's go ahead and start with section one. So, let me start with a quite elementary", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00034-00015916-00016186": "problem and describe a", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00035-00016206-00016710": "hopefully familiar fact from algebraic number theory that gives you the solution for this problem", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00036-00016744-00017225": "So let f be a polynomial with integer coefficients. I'm going to assume it's", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00037-00017284-00017484": "square-free, so it has no repeated", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00038-00017508-00017906": "Irreducible factors, and it's primitive, that means that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00039-00017926-00018308": "Its coefficients have no common divisor greater than one", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00040-00018328-00018912": "Let d denote the degree and to make this interesting, let's make sure d is nonzero,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00041-00018926-00019206": "so it's a non-constant polynomial.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00042-00019272-00019752": "I think everything I'll say is going to remain valid for the constant polynomial but", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00043-00019776-00019976": "let's not mess with that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00044-00020137-00020337": "So for p prime", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00045-00020376-00020924": "Let N_f(p) be the following. So I'm just going to count the number of", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00046-00020940-00021178": "residue classes mod p", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00047-00021198-00021524": "for which when you evaluate f at that residue class you get 0 mod p", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00048-00021565-00021679": "So in other words,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00049-00021679-00021959": "the number of elements of the finite field F_p", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00050-00021994-00022358": "at which when you evaluate f at that element you get zero in the finite field", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00051-00022420-00022772": "So because of my conditions,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00052-00022806-00023354": "this will be some integer in the range from 0 to d. When I reduce the polynomial mod p,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00053-00023376-00023776": "I get a nonzero polynomial", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00054-00023794-00023990": "and it's degree is at most d", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00055-00023998-00024324": "So it has most d roots in the finite field", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00056-00024346-00024892": "But the question I want to ask is if I fix f, this integer polynomial, and I fix, say an integer i, and", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00057-00024946-00025196": "I look at primes for which", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00058-00025224-00025906": "N_f(p) = i, well what is the probability that this happens for a given p?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00059-00025924-00026558": "The primes don't form a nice probability space", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00060-00026576-00026989": "So to clarify this let me define this in terms of natural density", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00061-00027022-00027527": "Let pi be the prime counting function, so pi will count all the primes up to N", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00062-00027527-00028073": "and so if I take all the primes up to N for which N_f(p)= i and I divide by pi(N),", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00063-00028089-00028945": "this is the proportion of primes up to N for which N_f(p) = i. And so the question is, does this", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00064-00028960-00029356": "quantity have a limit as n goes to infinity and if so, what is it?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00065-00029356-00029710": "Now in all the examples I'll describe, the limit does, in fact, exist.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00066-00029710-00030433": "But I should emphasize if you're trying to prove a theorem about something like this, proving the limit exists is an important step.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00067-00030433-00030644": "It's not automatic that such a limit exists", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00068-00030833-00031388": "So to remind you of a trivial example if f splits into a product of linear factors", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00069-00031410-00032088": "then with finitely many exceptions when you reduce mod p, you'll see each of those linear factors", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00070-00032120-00032462": "and each of them will have exactly one root", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00071-00032462-00033066": "and those roots will all be distinct modulo p. There might be some exceptional primes for which they come together, but", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00072-00033082-00033784": "since the polynomial is square-free, generically, they won't come together. And so you'll get exactly d roots every time", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00073-00033924-00034508": "That's a slightly boring example, let's get to a slightly more interesting example, let's look at a quadratic polynomial", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00074-00034540-00035037": "So if I take this quadratic polynomial and again, I'm assuming it's primitive ax^2 + bx + c,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00075-00035037-00035267": "where a, b and c have no common factor greater than one", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00076-00035370-00035604": "Consider the discriminant b^2 - 4ac,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00077-00035626-00036326": "and let's ignore p = 2 in what follows because square roots mod 2 are a little bit anomalous", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00078-00036492-00036900": "So then the count just comes down to, by the quadratic formula,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00079-00036940-00037334": "counting the number of square roots of the discriminant mod p and so", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00080-00037360-00037746": "that's equal to 1 if the discriminant is 0 mod p and it's otherwise", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00081-00037771-00038394": "2 or 0 according to whether the discriminant is a quadratic residue mod p and nonzero,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00082-00038446-00038747": "or not a quadratic residue mod p", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00083-00038784-00039414": "So this middle case occurs only for the primes dividing the discriminant", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00084-00039444-00039814": "And of course, there's an exceptional thing that happens", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00085-00039838-00040370": "if the discriminant is a perfect square then the polynomial is actually reducible. But if it's irreducible", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00086-00040382-00041192": "then N_f(p) takes the value 0 and 2, each with probability 1/2. And that follows from, well on one hand,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00087-00041210-00042058": "we know quadratic reciprocity implies a formula for N_f(p) in terms of the reduction of p modulo something,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00088-00042080-00042318": "basically the discriminant, possibly times 4", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00089-00042390-00042786": "And then, on the other hand, Dirichlet's theorem plus the Prime Number Theorem", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00090-00042800-00043274": "implies that you have uniform distribution among all eligible", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00091-00043292-00043678": "congruence classes modulo that magic modulus. So for example", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00092-00043742-00044152": "when delta = 5 then the quadratic reciprocity", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00093-00044172-00044480": "gives you a 5 on the bottom and so N_f(p)", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00094-00044516-00044976": "okay, except for the cases p = 2 and p = 5, you get 0 or 2,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00095-00044976-00045218": "depending on whether or not, p is a", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00096-00045228-00045500": "quadratic nonresidue or residue mod 5", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00097-00045524-00045906": "So that's a clean answer. It clearly implies the probability statement", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00098-00046143-00046565": "But of course it's not typical that you get a clean answer", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00099-00046565-00047276": "And so this is where the the algebraic number theory enters the picture. So in general, the way the answer is going to be", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00100-00047292-00047900": "formulated as best you can, is to take a splitting field of f and define its Galois group to be G", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00101-00047934-00048134": "There's Galois", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00102-00048212-00048518": "So now the the kind of answer that you expect to get,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00103-00048536-00049046": "for the structure of N_f(p) depends a lot on the shape of the Galois group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00104-00049068-00049374": "And so the best possible answer", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00105-00049394-00049694": "you might think is the one that looks like one in the previous slide,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00106-00049698-00050104": "where N_f(p) is determined by the residue of p modulo some fixed modulus", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00107-00050118-00050554": "That can only occur when G is abelian. And so", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00108-00050568-00050890": "that comes down to Artin's reciprocity law", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00109-00050910-00051312": "This is Emil Artin, not Mike", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00110-00051338-00051738": "So the Artin's reciprocity law implies that when G is an abelian", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00111-00051750-00052432": "Galois group then you do get a formula that generalizes the one that I showed on the previous slide", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00112-00052520-00052720": "But in general", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00113-00052841-00053141": "you can't necessarily give such a clean formula", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00114-00053155-00053566": "for N_f(p) in terms of p, but you can still answer the probability question", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00115-00053590-00053790": "So the probability question", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00116-00053796-00054105": "has an answer that you can describe in the following way:", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00117-00054246-00054828": "My polynomial f splits completely in the splitting field L by design", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00118-00054828-00055090": "Let alpha_1 through alpha_d be the roots,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00119-00055090-00055578": "remember f is square free, so these are actually distinct algebraic numbers and", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00120-00055586-00055852": "G acts on them by permutations", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00121-00055962-00056604": "And so now what I'm going to do is I'm going to answer my probability question in terms of", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00122-00056632-00057084": "a different probability, a more sort of combinatorial probability question", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00123-00057102-00057538": "Namely let's look at a random element of G", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00124-00057546-00057679": "So G is a finite group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00125-00057680-00058041": "so it makes sense to pick an element at random just from the uniform distribution and", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00126-00058060-00058629": "Let's look at the probability that a random element of G has exactly i fixed points for its action on", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00127-00058641-00058914": "alpha_1 to alpha_d", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00128-00058926-00059390": "And so what the theorem of Chebotarev says is that,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00129-00059422-00060158": "it says more than this, but it implies in particular that the probability that N_f(p) = i is computed by this", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00130-00060196-00060836": "this quantity c_i, this group theoretic quantity", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00131-00060850-00061050": "that sort of detects fixed points", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00132-00061135-00061520": "Quick consistency check: notice that N_f(p) cannot be d-1", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00133-00061588-00061788": "Maybe I shouldn't say never here", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00134-00061955-00062340": "Maybe we have finitely many exceptions because maybe one root is double", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00135-00062434-00063110": "But in any case, certainly N_f(p) = d -1 with probability 0", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00136-00063117-00063354": "and that's consistent with the fact that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00137-00063366-00063872": "a permutation on d letters cannot have d - 1 fixed points:", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00138-00063884-00064196": "If it has d - 1 fixed points, then the other point is also fixed", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00139-00064196-00064446": "So that's a quick consistency check", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00140-00064582-00064978": "Another fun fact that you can extract from this is that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00141-00064978-00065528": "If d is is very very large and the Galois group is as large as possible, the symmetric group on d letters,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00142-00065528-00065884": "then the probability that N_f(p) =  0 tends to 1/e", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00143-00065884-00066128": "This is a consequence of the derangement formula", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00144-00066154-00066648": "which tells you what the probability of a random element of the symmetric group has no fixed points", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00145-00066840-00067324": "And if d is large then this probability is computed by something", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00146-00067471-00067860": "the c_i which is approximately equal to 1/ e", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00147-00068146-00068768": "But of course there's more in the Chebotarev density theorem than what I just said, so let me peel off another layer", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00148-00068806-00069236": "if I look at prime powers, I can also look at N_f(q)", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00149-00069254-00069850": "So N_f(q) counts the number of elements of F_q for which f(x) =  0", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00150-00069894-00070198": "This of course agrees with the previous definition when q is a prime", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00151-00070200-00070444": "And the same theorem implies", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00152-00070444-00070876": "If you just apply it in a different way, it implies that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00153-00070936-00071082": "You can do the following thing", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00154-00071082-00071314": "So let's consider the probability that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00155-00071322-00071728": "N_f(p) takes a certain value", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00156-00071728-00071960": "N_f(p^2) takes another certain value and so on", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00157-00071960-00072276": "So I fix this sequence c_1, c_2, etc.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00158-00072276-00072678": "And I want to consider the probability that for a given prime p", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00159-00072904-00073776": "Counting roots over that associated sequence of finite fields gives me this sequence of values", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00160-00073776-00074070": "and that probability is again computed in a group theoretic way", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00161-00074070-00074394": "it's computed by taking a random element of G", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00162-00074402-00075166": "and determining with what probability g has c_1 many fixed points, g^2 has c_2 many fixed points and so on", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00163-00075212-00075446": "So this more refined", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00164-00075454-00075752": "separation also has a group theoretic interpretation", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00165-00075762-00076114": "and it asserts more information than the previous version", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00166-00076114-00076616": "because for example if G is the symmetric group S_5 acting on five symbols", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00167-00076642-00077042": "then a 5-cycle has no fixed points and", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00168-00077048-00077846": "this combination (1 2 3)(4 5) is a 3-cycle and a 2-cycle, it also has no fixed points", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00169-00077846-00078300": "But these are obviously different conjugacy classes in S_5 - they have different orders", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00170-00078300-00078500": "This is order 5, this is order 6", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00171-00078528-00079030": "But before I was lumping them together in the same category because they are permutations with no fixed points", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00172-00079068-00079284": "But this count actually separates them", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00173-00079284-00079474": "If I take g^2,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00174-00079492-00080008": "this permutation squared still has no fixed points, this permutation squared now has 2 fixed points", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00175-00080108-00080245": "in fact", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00176-00080245-00080664": "if you think about that for a while, I'll come back to this on the next slide, but", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00177-00080744-00081145": "So let me before I come back to what I just said about symmetric group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00178-00081166-00081514": "Let me tell you the correct statement of the Chebotarev density theorem", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00179-00081880-00082300": "I'm gonna say this in a slightly more complicated way than you might be used to but this is", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00180-00082340-00082548": "a prelude for what's going to happen later", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00181-00082548-00082906": "So let's view G as a probability space for the uniform distribution", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00182-00082906-00083050": "I already did that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00183-00083051-00083577": "But now I'm going to consider the set of conjugacy classes of G as a probability space", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00184-00083624-00084072": "For what's called the image distribution or the pushforward distribution", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00185-00084073-00084433": "So concretely that just means each class is weighted proportionally to its size", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00186-00084514-00084934": "But I'll show you where the image or pushforward terminology comes from later on the slide", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00187-00085116-00085722": "I have a measure on the set of conjugacy classes of the Galois group and then for each prime", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00188-00085726-00086434": "except for ones that ramify in the splitting field, I can define an associated Frobenius conjugacy class", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00189-00086476-00087134": "So what this is is you pick a prime ideal of the ring of integers of L above this p", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00190-00087152-00087376": "and that defines a Frobenius element", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00191-00087376-00087888": "It's the thing that induces the absolute Frobenius on the residue field", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00192-00088004-00088522": "But because I want this to be associated to the prime in Q not the prime in L", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00193-00088522-00088839": "I don't get a well-defined element, I only get a well-defined class", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00194-00088852-00089364": "So here's my well-defined class and I get one of these for each prime number", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00195-00089482-00090254": "And so I get a sequence of classes and the theorem of Chebotarev says that these classes are", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00196-00090262-00090448": "equidistributed for this image distribution", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00197-00090500-00090766": "Now, what does that mean in a fancy way", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00198-00090778-00091336": "What it means in a fancy way is that if I take a test function on the set of conjugacy classes,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00199-00091336-00091536": "It could be real or complex valued, it's equivalent,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00200-00091624-00092022": "and then I take the average of", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00201-00092054-00092450": "the test function over the Frobenius classes for all the primes up to N and", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00202-00092552-00092784": "Then again take the limit as n goes to infinity", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00203-00092836-00093350": "That's just the same thing as integrating the test function with respect to the measure", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00204-00093350-00093918": "And notice that this integral here could be computed by pulling g back", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00205-00094016-00094308": "viewing it as a function not on conjugacy classes", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00206-00094308-00094493": "but on actual group elements", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00207-00094493-00094936": "So I could pull the test function back to the group and integrate it there and I would get the same answer", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00208-00094964-00095292": "So that's why I've been calling this the image or pushforward measure", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00209-00095345-00095614": "So that's a fancy way to say something much more concrete", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00210-00095644-00096052": "which is well if I just take the characteristic function of a singleton set,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00211-00096052-00096390": "I recover the usual statement of Chebotarev density", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00212-00096402-00096640": "which is that each class occurs in proportion to its cardinality", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00213-00096640-00096976": "So that's probably the version you're familiar with, but I want to emphasize", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00214-00097000-00097754": "while it's still a kind of an elementary statement that this statement translates into something that looks less elementary", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00215-00097756-00097983": "But this formulation is precisely what's going to be needed", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00216-00098072-00098485": "when I get into the situation where I want to do something similar with an infinite group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00217-00098494-00098870": "So I'm gonna have something like G later that's not a finite group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00218-00098870-00099058": "and I'm going to have to use this kind of", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00219-00099058-00099320": "measure theoretic formalism to talk about distribution", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00220-00099358-00099736": "All right, so one final note and then I'll maybe pause for questions", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00221-00099974-00100220": "So, let me come back to what I said about the symmetric group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00222-00100220-00100432": "For an element of the symmetric group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00223-00100444-00100838": "counting the number of fixed points of the element and its square and its cube and so on", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00224-00100838-00101166": "is the same thing as specifying its cycle structure", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00225-00101166-00101482": "So that's an easy exercise if you haven't thought about this", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00226-00101545-00101865": "And the cycle structure has the same information as the conjugacy class", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00227-00101906-00102169": "So if G is the full symmetric group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00228-00102182-00102516": "then the final version of Chebotarev density is the same", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00229-00102516-00102876": "as the second version the one that counts powers", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00230-00102876-00103114": "But for a general subgroup of S_d", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00231-00103114-00103354": "even if you assume it's transitive", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00232-00103354-00103708": "there's a well-defined map from conjugacy classes of G", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00233-00103711-00104106": "to conjugacy classes of the symmetric group, but it's not in general injective", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00234-00104106-00104628": "This map experience is what's called fusion where classes in G come together in S_d", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00235-00104654-00104877": "Just as a trivial example if you take a cyclic group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00236-00104944-00105296": "acting by the regular representation then", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00237-00105374-00106059": "Of course, it's abelian. So it has no crushing of conjugacy classes the classes of the same as the group itself", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00238-00106084-00106356": "so every element is unique in its class but in S_d", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00239-00106390-00106580": "all the generators become conjugate to each other", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00240-00106580-00106776": "So there's definitely fusion going on", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00241-00106776-00107490": "And so the point here is that the final version of Chebotarev density is carrying more information than even the second version", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00242-00107509-00108039": "So we'll see something like this later where the density statements we want to state", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00243-00108039-00108216": "there's a sort of natural way to formulate them", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00244-00108216-00108720": "which is kind of easy to read but is not, in fact, the most intrinsic formulation", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00245-00108721-00109158": "The more intrinsic formulation will be some statement directly on classes of the group itself", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00246-00109295-00109758": "All right, so that's a section boundary. So let me pause for questions. I don't see anything in chat", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00247-00109978-00110340": "Let's see, maybe give 30 seconds to see if anybody wants to unmute and ask a question", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00248-00111098-00111490": "R. Pries: It seems like it's going really well. I like the example", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00249-00111808-00112410": "K. Kedlaya: Okay, I'm not seeing any questions yet, so maybe most of you already knew that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00250-00112576-00113183": "Let's continue into some possibly newer material", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00251-00113183-00113530": "the Sato-Tate conjecture for elliptic curves. Many of you have probably seen this also, but", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00252-00113611-00114116": "This talk is meant to provide set up for the next ones in the series", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00253-00114208-00114492": "I deliberately am doing some review here", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00254-00114596-00115254": "Let's step things up a little bit. Let's talk about elliptic curves now. Let me stop working exclusively over Q", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00255-00115352-00116005": "Let me think about a general number field K. so E is gonna be an elliptic curve over an arbitrary number field K", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00256-00116059-00116508": "I'm going to write o_K for the ring of integers of that number field", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00257-00116524-00117078": "and I'll write \\mathfrak{p} for a prime ideal of the ring of integers", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00258-00117079-00117670": "And I'm always going to assume that p is being chosen away from the primes of bad reductions", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00259-00117670-00118410": "So there are only finitely many primes at which E does not reduce to an elliptic curve - they divide some discriminant", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00260-00118504-00119044": "And since I'm asking statistical questions, I'm asking questions about averages as you", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00261-00119066-00119348": "consider all primes up to a bound that's going to infinity", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00262-00119417-00119683": "It's completely harmless to ignore finite sets of primes", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00263-00119683-00119972": "So I will just ignore primes of bad reductions throughout this talk", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00264-00119985-00120158": "If you actually care about", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00265-00120188-00120528": "computing special values of L-functions then you mustn't ignore bad primes", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00266-00120528-00120728": "But in this talk, I will", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00267-00120728-00121108": "So I'm always going to assume p is a prime of good reduction and", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00268-00121156-00121709": "The L-polynomial of E at p is the polynomial that contributes to the L-function", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00269-00121766-00121978": "It's a quadratic polynomial with", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00270-00122132-00122770": "The quadratic term is just the norm of of p and so the only interesting term is the linear term", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00271-00122806-00123120": "the constant term is 1 the linear term carries the information of", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00272-00123128-00123588": "the number of points on E in the finite field o_K/p", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00273-00123713-00124330": "So this q + 1 - #E(o_K/p) is the so-called trace of Frobenius of the elliptic curve", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00274-00124748-00125206": "There are examples of this dating back to the final entry of Gauss's notebooks", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00275-00125290-00125761": "In the final entry of Gauss's notebooks if you massage it", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00276-00125761-00126433": "it gives a formula for L(E_p,T) for this particular elliptic curve y^2 =x^3 - x over Q(i)", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00277-00126674-00126895": "And it does it in terms of quartic reciprocity", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00278-00127033-00127229": "Now, of course", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00279-00127229-00127920": "with a modern optic we recognize this as an example of elliptic curve with complex multiplication by this imaginary quadratic field and", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00280-00128102-00128864": "Eventually, this was generalized by Hecke to an arbitrary elliptic curve with complex multiplication", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00281-00128878-00129061": "over whatever number field", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00282-00129150-00129350": "And this description involves", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00283-00129392-00129592": "what are called grossencharacters", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00284-00129718-00129858": "Essentially involves class field theory.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00285-00129864-00130240": "So it's related to the Artin reciprocity law that we saw earlier", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00286-00130240-00131028": "One point I should emphasize: so in this example, you see that the curve y^2 = x^3 - x", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00287-00131044-00131218": "already has a model over Q", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00288-00131246-00131608": "So I can ask well what happens if I look over Q rather than over Q(i)", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00289-00131638-00132400": "Well in general if you have an elliptic curve with CM by an imaginary quadratic field that is not contained in the base field", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00290-00132416-00132616": "You can see here that this can happen", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00291-00132731-00133110": "Then a_p(E)  equals zero for all the primes that remain inert", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00292-00133151-00133516": "In the compositum of the base field with the quadratic field. So in this example", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00293-00133670-00134061": "a_p(E) = 0 for all the primes that are 3 mod 4 in Q. This is an", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00294-00134178-00134550": "elementary fact that I think was also known to Gauss", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00295-00134722-00135270": "But nowadays we like to think of it in terms of ordinary vs. supersingular reduction", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00296-00135270-00135914": "And we'll see how this corresponds in the Sato-Tate conjecture in a moment", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00297-00135960-00136396": "But let me turn to the case where E does not have complex multiplication. So this is the typical thing", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00298-00136396-00136678": "Most elliptic curves do not have CM", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00299-00136678-00137032": "and the ones that do are quite rare", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00300-00137154-00137714": "When E does not have CM then a_p(E) depends on p in an apparently mysterious fashion", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00301-00137714-00138052": "although there is some method in it because of modularity theorem", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00302-00138052-00138350": "But from a 19th century point of view", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00303-00138358-00138756": "Gauss was not going to be able to get any traction on what this number is", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00304-00138890-00139140": "Maybe Jacobi might have had it prior", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00305-00139218-00139682": "Anyway, this was not something that you could resolve by simple congruences or anything", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00306-00139718-00140534": "but Hasse was at least able to show that this number is bounded in absolute value by 2q^1/2, so", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00307-00140570-00141270": "In other words, the L-polynomial has two complex roots rather than real roots", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00308-00141302-00141498": "So then you can ask well", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00309-00141506-00141870": "If I renormalize this number to be in the interval [-2,2]", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00310-00141878-00142560": "If I think of E as being fixed and p is varying, this renormalized quantity is some sort of random variable", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00311-00142588-00142920": "And I can ask well, what is the distribution of this random variable", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00312-00142962-00143366": "And so the conjecture that emerged in the early 1960s", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00313-00143406-00143802": "by some combination of theoretical and numerical evidence", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00314-00143824-00144460": "it was sort of first observed by Sato and then formalized by Tate", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00315-00144550-00145016": "is that these quantities are uniformly distributed in the interval [-2,2]", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00316-00145024-00145596": "for what's called the semi-circular measure and you'll see why I call it that in a moment", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00317-00145704-00146362": "Of course in the 1960s, numerical evidence was a little bit hard to come by. There's this beautiful talk", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00318-00146404-00147202": "by Tetsushi Ito that he gave some years ago, maybe five or six years, no, maybe it's closer to ten years ago by now", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00319-00147274-00148018": "Let me show you his slides. So I'm gonna have to pause this screen share and move it to another window here", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00320-00148084-00148284": "Give me a moment to do that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00321-00148600-00149012": "I highly recommend this talk for the history of the Sato-Tate conjecture", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00322-00149016-00149442": "This is maybe the best history of the Sato-Tate conjecture that I have seen around", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00323-00149460-00150034": "It includes a lot of details that are missing from the standard treatments", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00324-00150226-00150688": "But let me go to slide 41, so this is a page", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00325-00150706-00151084": "This is a letter from", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00326-00151174-00151776": "So Sato enlisted the help of a logician friend to do these computations", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00327-00151790-00152510": "This is not the distribution that I promised you, this is the distribution of the arguments of the roots", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00328-00152548-00152726": "If you take the roots", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00329-00152726-00153050": "Somebody posted that link in the slides, thank you, in the chat", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00330-00153100-00153764": "This is the distribution of the arguments of, say the root in the", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00331-00153794-00154028": "the upper half-plane", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00332-00154054-00154452": "This is sort of some breakdown by angles. You see there is about sixteen hundred", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00333-00154484-00154962": "sixteen fifty data points, so that was a lot back then", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00334-00155066-00155598": "And you know he did some more theoretical work to try to understand what's going on", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00335-00155792-00156212": "There's this letter from Sato to Namba. Unfortunately. I don't read Japanese very well", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00336-00156242-00156558": "So I'm not going to be able to parse this for you in real time", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00337-00156578-00157138": "but you can have a look at this at your own leisure", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00338-00157138-00157382": "Let me switch back to my slides", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00339-00157552-00158008": "Nowadays there's much stronger numerical evidence available", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00340-00158058-00158332": "If I switch again", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00341-00159290-00159648": "and take you to one of Drew's pages,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00342-00159648-00159994": "you can see that first of all we can you know", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00343-00160040-00160418": "we're not scared of elliptic curves with large heights", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00344-00160454-00160812": "This I believe is the Elkies's rank-28 example", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00345-00160856-00161015": "Drew, is that correct?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00346-00161015-00161168": "A. Sutherland: Yes, that's correct", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00347-00161168-00161830": "K. Kedlaya: Yes, so this is Elkies's famous example of an elliptic curve over Q, which has rank at least 28", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00348-00161956-00162390": "And so it takes a long time for the distribution to settle", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00349-00162410-00162908": "But when you plot this random variable that I told you it does obligingly", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00350-00162950-00163202": "converge to a semicircular distribution", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00351-00163292-00163726": "This is pretty robust evidence for the conjecture, in case you needed it", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00352-00163748-00163970": "Of course it's a theorem in this case, but we'll come back to that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00353-00164330-00164600": "Let me switch back", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00354-00164862-00165232": "Okay, as I just said the Sato-Tate conjecture is a theorem in the case", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00355-00165232-00165568": "I just showed you and in fact, it is a theorem in many cases", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00356-00165568-00165786": "Now if I had given this talk", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00357-00165802-00165920": "you know 20 years ago,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00358-00165920-00166092": "this would have been completely conjectural", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00359-00166092-00166494": "but a lot of work has been done on", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00360-00166568-00167008": "the Sato-Tate conjecture and I'll explain why any of these theorems have to do with it in a moment", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00361-00167022-00167765": "But for K = Q, the big breakthrough came from papers by some combination of Clozel, Harris, Shepherd-Barron and Taylor", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00362-00167850-00168572": "Shepherd-Barron is not to be confused his father who worked on one of the first ATMs for Barclays Bank", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00363-00168666-00169158": "Then this was generalized to totally real base fields by Tom Barnet-Lamb, Geraghty and Gee", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00364-00169176-00169698": "And then for CM fields which include, for example, imaginary quadratic fields", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00365-00169774-00170352": "This is famous paper of ten authors: Allen, Calegari, Caraiani, Gee, Helm, Le Hung, Newton, Scholze, Taylor and Thorne", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00366-00170376-00170950": "These are all results on the potential modularity of Galois representations. These are basically", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00367-00170976-00171196": "results that build on the", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00368-00171204-00171564": "set up that was introduced by Wiles", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00369-00171592-00171910": "to prove, to resolve Fermat's Last Theorem", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00370-00171980-00172644": "I'll tell you what automorphy modularity results have to do with the Sato-Tate conjecture a little bit later", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00371-00172706-00173188": "But I do want to emphasize that the Sato-Tate conjecture is in fact still a conjecture", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00372-00173240-00173670": "for fields that are not covered by one of these things so", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00373-00173708-00173986": "You know you can pick", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00374-00174075-00174275": "What's a good example", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00375-00174338-00174552": "Q(zeta_8) or something", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00376-00174636-00174928": "It would be.. No maybe that's a bad example", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00377-00175064-00175264": "You can pick an example of something that's", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00378-00175290-00175712": "neither totally real nor CM like a mixed cubic extension", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00379-00176124-00176422": "Maybe more progress will be made in the coming years", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00380-00176422-00176810": "But we still have a lot of work to go just to prove this Sato-Tate conjecture itself", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00381-00176838-00177116": "Now I should mention you can also average in the other direction", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00382-00177153-00177649": "For example, you can fix a finite field F_q and consider all the elliptic curves over that field", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00383-00177746-00178088": "So Birch proved that for the prime field you actually get", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00384-00178122-00178434": "something that looks like converges to the Sato-Tate distribution.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00385-00178434-00178684": "What would you have to do is you have to average over", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00386-00178688-00179274": "the elliptic curves for a given finite field and then take the cardinality of the field to infinity", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00387-00179304-00179758": "For prime powers, this is covered by Deligne's equidistribution theorem", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00388-00179784-00180170": "which is part of his proof of the Weil conjectures, so that's now the late 1970s", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00389-00180416-00180786": "More recently, Katz and Sarnak wrote an amazing book that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00390-00180800-00181120": "gives lots of either conjectural or provable", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00391-00181128-00181410": "generalizations of statements like this in many cases", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00392-00181414-00181766": "The proofs are based on Deligne equidistribution", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00393-00181788-00182410": "They also talked about versions of the generalized Sato-Tate conjecture that I'll mention in a moment", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00394-00182520-00182873": "Okay, so this is another pause point. Let's see if there are questions here", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00395-00183737-00184135": "R. Pries: Thanks for finding those slides from Japan, those look great", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00396-00185392-00186006": "K. Kedlaya: I'm still not seeing any questions in the chat. Maybe as we get closer to the end, we'll start to get some more", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00397-00186082-00186323": "Just a reminder, the chat window you can access", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00398-00186408-00186716": "you might have to hit the 'More' button to get to the chat window", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00399-00187044-00187806": "Drew and various people have been helpfully posting some of the links that I've been issuing as we go along", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00400-00187806-00188028": "so you can look at some of those even if you don't have my slides opened", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00401-00188062-00188478": "Okay, so let's now talk about a more general version of the Sato-Tate conjecture", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00402-00188478-00188945": "Let's talk about an arbitrary smooth, proper, algebraic variety over my number field K", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00403-00189193-00189758": "Now, again, there are only finitely many prime ideals of o_K at which X fails to have good reduction", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00404-00189780-00190319": "I will discard those in this discussion and I will write X_p for the reduction", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00405-00190320-00190896": "so this will be a variety over a finite field - the residue field of this \\mathfrak{p}", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00406-00190924-00191324": "The zeta function of this reduction then factors,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00407-00191362-00191602": "according to the Weil conjectures which,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00408-00191808-00192186": "according to the resolution of the Weil conjecture is the zeta function of this", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00409-00192186-00192516": "has this shape where it's this alternating product", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00410-00192534-00192854": "that's indexed up to twice the dimension of X", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00411-00192874-00193400": "Each of these factors is an integer polynomial whose degree is one of the Betti numbers of", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00412-00193420-00193748": "the complexification of X", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00413-00193784-00194322": "The constant term is one and all of the roots of one of these factors have the same complex absolute value", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00414-00194322-00194542": "namely q^-i/2", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00415-00194578-00195030": "For example, if X is an abelian variety then", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00416-00195238-00195614": "If L is the reverse characteristic polynomial of Frobenius,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00417-00195614-00196042": "so for an elliptic curve, this is the same L that I had before", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00418-00196180-00196598": "So this L_1 should be an L, I mean L_1 is L but", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00419-00196668-00197296": "So L_1 is equal to L. And then the other L_i's are equal to these so-called exterior powers of L_1", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00420-00197314-00198084": "Namely the roots of L_i are i-fold products of roots of L, without repetition unless L itself has repeated roots", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00421-00198196-00198340": "Thank you, Bjorn", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00422-00198594-00198972": "Yes, so this L_1 should be an L", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00423-00199882-00200458": "Let's fix X and i. And let's do the same sort of normalization that I did before", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00424-00200476-00200912": "I'm going to renormalize so that I'm considering polynomials", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00425-00200912-00201114": "which have roots of complex norm one", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00426-00201151-00201644": "This means that if I view these as, say vectors of real numbers", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00427-00201664-00202116": "they sit in a compact subset of R^d", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00428-00202144-00202390": "And I can ask how are they distributed?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00429-00202390-00202742": "Is there a measure", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00430-00202742-00203012": "that predicts how these things are distributed?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00431-00203240-00203650": "Serre formulated a conjecture of this form in the 1990s", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00432-00203650-00204046": "This is very much inspired by Tate's formulation of the Sato-Tate conjecture", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00433-00204152-00204506": "There are also some intermediate versions of this that I won't get into", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00434-00204506-00204782": "I think maybe some of them are described in the talk by Ito", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00435-00204955-00205520": "Anyway Serre's conjecture is that you can find and I'll talk more about how you find it", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00436-00205536-00205888": "This is how you define it: There's a compact Lie group G", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00437-00205919-00206526": "inside the group of unitary matrices of size equal to the degree of the polynomials in question", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00438-00206573-00207221": "such that these polynomials are equidistributed for", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00439-00207234-00207848": "the image of Haar measure on G via the characteristic polynomial map. So in other words these", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00440-00207858-00208500": "normalized polynomials have the statistics of random matrices in the group G and let me just remind you", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00441-00208500-00209098": "this has come up, maybe in the previous  VaNTAGe series that these models where", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00442-00209117-00209788": "you got a model number theoretic phenomena using random matrices. These have a long history in number theory", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00443-00209844-00210044": "One of the earliest versions of it is", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00444-00210117-00210608": "there's a famous conversation between Hugh Montgomery and the late Freeman Dyson", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00445-00210669-00210908": "Yes, we lost Freeman Dyson two weeks ago", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00446-00211048-00211493": "A rather famous conversation between Montgomery and Dyson at the IAS common room", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00447-00211555-00211852": "where Dyson was asking Montgomery what he's interested in he's talking about", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00448-00211914-00212519": "you know the fact that he's considering zeros of the Riemann zeta-function. He gets his weird distribution and Dyson points out", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00449-00212519-00212719": "oh this comes up in physics also", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00450-00212834-00213532": "There's a long dialogue between number theory and physics about the use of random matrices to model number theoretic phenomena", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00451-00213532-00214142": "So this is in some sense an example of that, although it's a bit different in flavor", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00452-00214319-00214666": "In general in spirit it's related and I should mention that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00453-00214740-00215284": "If I take K to be Q and X to be the Spec of a number field", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00454-00215394-00215944": "then Chebotarev density actually implies the..", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00455-00215944-00216238": "Ah I should have said you take i = 0 in this case", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00456-00216282-00216686": "so when X is not geometrically irreducible, the conjecture is already interesting", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00457-00216686-00217048": "For i=0, it basically becomes Chebotarev density", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00458-00217056-00217596": "You can see Chebotarev density embedded in this conjecture by", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00459-00217619-00217950": "taking X to be the Spec of a number field and", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00460-00218000-00218406": "Then what happens is the Galois group becomes embedded in a unitary group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00461-00218416-00218606": "via the permutation representation", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00462-00218606-00219119": "and then the statement here specializes back to the statement of the Chebotarev density", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00463-00219371-00219596": "Okay, what's going on for elliptic curves", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00464-00219650-00220048": "So how does how does this conjecture specialize back to what we've seen already?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00465-00220064-00220419": "So for an elliptic curve with i=1 if X has no CM", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00466-00220436-00220891": "then the Sato-Tate conjecture is equivalent to Serre's conjecture where the group is SU(2)", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00467-00220907-00221581": "So that semicircular metric turns out to be the distribution of the trace of a random matrix in SU(2)", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00468-00221652-00221962": "and this has other classical consequences", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00469-00221962-00222184": "For example if you look at the moments of the distribution", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00470-00222184-00222526": "which you can see in that animated gif by Drew,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00471-00222526-00223026": "the moments look like Catalan numbers. That's also a classical fact about SU(2)", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00472-00223178-00223880": "If X has CM by a subfield of K, then Hecke's formula implies Serre's conjecture where the group is SO(2)", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00473-00224094-00224671": "So it becomes abelian. Maybe I should linger on this point for a minute", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00474-00224758-00224994": "Here we have an abelian group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00475-00225006-00225206": "This is sort of a", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00476-00225206-00225790": "positive dimensional generalization of what happened we saw with Artin reciprocity,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00477-00225802-00226323": "With Artin reciprocity, we saw the Chebotarev density becomes something very simple when the Galois group is abelian", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00478-00226323-00227126": "Well here the Galois group is not finite, but it's abelian and you are getting some very simple recipe", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00479-00227202-00227456": "for the Frobenius traces", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00480-00227492-00227844": "Finally if X has CM by a quadratic field not contained in K", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00481-00227844-00228354": "then Hecke's formula implies Serre's conjecture where G is now a different group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00482-00228354-00228967": "It's the normalizer of SO(2) in SU(2), which is not connected. This group has two connected components", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00483-00228984-00229496": "One of them is SO(2) and the other one is another component where the trace is identically zero", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00484-00229817-00230382": "I won't click to this now because I'm running a little bit low on time. But if you go back to Drew's page", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00485-00230406-00230867": "you can see examples of all of these distributions and you can see that they're quite different", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00486-00230896-00231180": "The distributions for the", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00487-00231266-00231978": "CM cases are much more concentrated at the boundary than at the middle except that in this third case", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00488-00231990-00232208": "there's a delta spike of", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00489-00232226-00232892": "area 1/2 corresponding to the trace 0 and that's very visible in the gif", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00490-00233046-00233485": "Now as with Chebotarev density, the true conjecture of Serre is more precise", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00491-00233485-00233956": "I'm gonna leave about half of this slide unmentioned. The footnotes are really just for experts", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00492-00233982-00234367": "Let me just say that there is a specific candidate for G", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00493-00234419-00234717": "This is some sort of", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00494-00234728-00235300": "motivic Galois group associated to G to use Serre's terminology. Here I'll call it the Sato-Tate group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00495-00235344-00235864": "There is some sort of specific candidate for G and a specific sequence of", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00496-00235926-00236742": "conjugacy classes in that group that have the matching characteristic polynomials and then the conjecture is that those classes are equidistributed", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00497-00236750-00237442": "which implies equidistribution for characteristic polynomials but is again a higher piece of information", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00498-00237516-00237894": "So this is not just", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00499-00237908-00238421": "covering my basis from the Chebotarev example where it's easy to make cases of this", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00500-00238421-00238908": "You can actually make cases of this in higher dimensional geometry as well", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00501-00238908-00239436": "For example, it's possible to have abelian 3-folds that have different Sato-Tate groups", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00502-00239471-00240151": "but have identical distributions and so you can't see the difference from the distributions", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00503-00240182-00240798": "Roughly speaking, the point is that G is not just an abstract compact Lie group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00504-00240798-00240988": "It's an embedded compact Lie group.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00505-00240988-00241508": "And so the distribution is measuring G with respect to a particular representation", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00506-00241523-00242098": "whereas this equidistribution property is measuring G with respect to all possible representations of that group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00507-00242098-00242473": "So you have to choose other representations of the group in order to see", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00508-00242490-00243021": "the differences that you cannot see in the standard representation and", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00509-00243132-00243742": "You can think of this as what's going on in the Chebotarev case as well. The permutation representation is not the", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00510-00243773-00244140": "Is not the only representation that you have to look at in some cases", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00511-00244250-00244752": "There's a question about how this motivic Galois group is constructed. I will say a little bit about it", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00512-00244819-00245340": "I'm not gonna say much about it. I think maybe David Zywina have a little bit more to say", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00513-00245358-00245712": "when he gives his lecture. But I'll say a little bit in the next couple of slides", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00514-00246294-00246562": "The clarification what category of motives am I using", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00515-00246600-00246956": "Let me not answer that question now, maybe hold that question for the end if you could", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00516-00247067-00247480": "That opens up a can of worms that I'd like to postpone until the end", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00517-00247571-00248162": "In the meantime, let me just tell you a little bit more about the the structure of this group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00518-00248202-00248798": "Because of it's a compact Lie group, it has a connected part which is a normal subgroup", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00519-00248834-00249116": "And the quotient by which is the group of connected components", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00520-00249116-00249776": "So you have this canonical exact sequence with a connected kernel and a finite discrete cokernel", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00521-00249819-00250084": "This connected part is", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00522-00250104-00250512": "geometric in nature, it depends only on the base change of X to Qbar", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00523-00250547-00250894": "You can even read it off from the base change of X to C", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00524-00250894-00251104": "you can read it off from the Hodge structure or", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00525-00251123-00251500": "a more arithmetic way to do it is to read it off on the Mumford-Tate group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00526-00251516-00252042": "because this conjecturally controls the action of Galois on etale cohomology. We'll see this much more", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00527-00252066-00252554": "in David's talk later in the series", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00528-00252638-00253290": "But I want to mention: this finite part of the Sato-Tate group is in fact a genuine Galois group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00529-00253310-00253873": "It's canonically identified with the Galois group of some Galois extension of K", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00530-00253941-00254294": "This description is compatible with base extension, in the sense that if", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00531-00254313-00254717": "K' is a number field containing K and you replace X by its base extension", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00532-00254771-00255469": "then you leave the connected part the same and then you think of the Galois group of this compositum over K' as being", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00533-00255469-00255669": "a subgroup of Gal(L/K)", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00534-00255728-00256323": "and then you just take the preimage so you take the pullback of G", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00535-00256386-00256771": "So you reduce this Galois group in the quotient", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00536-00256771-00257080": "and that gives you a finite index subgroup of the original group and that turns out to be", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00537-00257080-00257364": "the Sato-Tate group of the base extension.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00538-00257364-00257934": "So one case where you could see this quite strongly is for abelian varieties", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00539-00257934-00258204": "This implies", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00540-00258230-00258481": "In general if X is an abelian variety", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00541-00258482-00259250": "then this finite extension L will contain, and it is often equal to but let me not go there, it contains the", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00542-00259267-00259634": "the minimal field of definition of all of the endomorphisms of F", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00543-00259656-00260178": "In particular, you can use this to derive upper bounds on this which", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00544-00260198-00260608": "Guralnick and I did building on work of Silverberg", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00545-00260646-00261348": "But just to give you a concrete example if you take an elliptic curve with CM by some imaginary quadratic field", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00546-00261404-00262174": "F and L are both going to be equal to just the compositum of K with the quadratic field. So in this case", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00547-00262206-00262520": "if you think back I told you that the group was disconnected indeed", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00548-00262524-00263012": "it's disconnected and its component group is order 2 - it's the Galois group of the quadratic extension", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00549-00263028-00263182": "that's required to achieve this.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00550-00263198-00264228": "Question: Can you say a little bit about how do you make pi_0(G) to be isomorphic to the Galois group? It needs to be some Lie group to begin with right?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00551-00264420-00264686": "K. Kedlaya: Yeah, so that has to do with", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00552-00264720-00265142": "so that gets actually to the question of how this Galois group is constructed", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00553-00265236-00265556": "It has to do with the compatibility of", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00554-00265564-00265890": "Serre's construction with with base change", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00555-00265999-00266318": "So this is in the papers with Banaszak", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00556-00266318-00266860": "we kind of explained this in some detail. This compatibility with base change", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00557-00266908-00267448": "essentially tells you that you're forced to have this stuff", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00558-00267616-00268163": "So you prove that there's some finite extension of K for which the Sato-Tate group is connected", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00559-00268236-00268646": "and that uses the interpretation in terms of motives or Galois representations", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00560-00268693-00269121": "and then once you do that and you know this compatibility with base extension", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00561-00269188-00269906": "Then that sort of produces this interpretation of pi_0 as as a Galois group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00562-00270498-00270890": "Given the time maybe I should hold", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00563-00270957-00271628": "Unless there's maybe a short question about that. Maybe I should deal with more questions about that at the end", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00564-00271645-00272025": "But since this is a pause point, let me stop to see if there are any quick questions", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00565-00273681-00274262": "Okay, so I'll continue again, please feel free to insert questions in chat as we go along", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00566-00274356-00274642": "so I promised you some explanation of how", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00567-00274676-00275116": "all that modularity stuff tells you about the Sato-Tate conjecture", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00568-00275126-00275648": "This has to do with the role of L-functions in the study of the Sato-Tate conjecture and this gets into", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00569-00275772-00276170": "Well, it starts with the proof of the Prime Number Theorem. So the Prime Number Theorem", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00570-00276246-00276724": "The original proof of the Prime Number Theorem by Hadamard and de la Vallee Poussin", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00571-00276752-00277078": "uses the fact that the Riemann zeta function has a", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00572-00277094-00277294": "simple pole at s = 1 with", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00573-00277299-00277832": "residue 1 and no other zeroes or poles in the region Re(s) >= 1", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00574-00277902-00278480": "And you extract using some some basic complex analysis,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00575-00278559-00278885": "this asymptotic which you can then convert into the usual Prime Number Theorem", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00576-00279268-00279686": "I guess you get it with summing over the prime powers as well and you", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00577-00279686-00279980": "You take those out because those don't contribute to the asymptotic", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00578-00280092-00280772": "Establishing a power saving error term here amounts to proving a zero free region for the Riemann zeta-function", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00579-00280860-00281060": "You know in some right half plane", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00580-00281178-00281706": "which we don't know how to do unconditionally, but the Riemann hypothesis implies", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00581-00281738-00282230": "that we should be able to get the error term down to N^(1/2 +  epsilon)", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00582-00282230-00282884": "And numerial experiments bear this out. This is what you actually see if you do plots", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00583-00283028-00283422": "So Serre observes that similar logic applies to the generalized Sato-Tate conjecture", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00584-00283467-00284093": "The idea is ,say, this is a purely group theoretic statement, but it's obviously set up to handle number theory", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00585-00284112-00284892": "So let's say G is a compact Lie group and I have a sequence of elements of the conjugacy classes of G", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00586-00284904-00285152": "indexed by prime ideals in some number field.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00587-00285170-00285824": "But the number field doesn't really play a role here, except", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00588-00285932-00286100": "It plays a bit of a role", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00589-00286152-00286850": "These elements are some a priori random-looking elements that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00590-00287084-00287324": "that run through conjugacy classes", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00591-00287346-00287792": "and they're indexed by prime ideals. So I'm going to assume the following", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00592-00287847-00288538": "for every non-trivial irreducible character of the group G,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00593-00288538-00288856": "I'm gonna think of that character as a class function,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00594-00288862-00289180": "so every non-trivial irreducible character,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00595-00289180-00289426": "viewed as a complex valued class function,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00596-00289436-00290004": "I form this associated L-function. So this is like an Artin L-function", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00597-00290004-00290594": "except it's not a priori to do with the Galois representation, but it looks like an Artin L-function", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00598-00290594-00290899": "it's got 1 minus this character value times", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00599-00291164-00291864": "Sorry, this is not written correctly. I should put rho here for the associated representation", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00600-00291962-00292792": "I'll correct this when I update the slides. This should really be the associated representation rho", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00601-00292818-00293216": "if I compute this determinant this of course does not depend on", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00602-00293234-00293890": "anything other than the associated conjugacy class. So it gives a well-defined formula. But this is slightly meaningless the way I've written it", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00603-00293892-00294092": "Hopefully you understand what I mean", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00604-00294168-00295030": "You form this Dirichlet series and you want this to be holomorphic and non vanishing on Re(s) >= 1", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00605-00295030-00295258": "Notice that I took out the case of the trivial character", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00606-00295268-00295688": "which would give me a pole at s =1 coming from the Dedekind zeta function", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00607-00295710-00296166": "But we already know the the analytic properties of a Dedekind zeta function", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00608-00296168-00296784": "So I don't need to worry about the trivial character, I just need this for the nontrivial characters.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00609-00296790-00297626": "If I know this statement, then that implies that these conjugacy classes are equidistributed for the image of Haar measure", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00610-00298134-00298538": "So this is a sort of template for how you can use", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00611-00298566-00298978": "statements about analytic continuation to prove density statements", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00612-00298978-00299174": "In particular it generalizes", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00613-00299186-00299482": "one of the ways you normally prove Chebotarev density", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00614-00299498-00300022": "And it is in fact the approach that's used to prove Sato-Tate in the known cases.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00615-00300022-00300726": "The known cases are theorems about potential automorphy that imply analytic continuation", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00616-00300726-00301200": "for symmetric power L-functions associated to elliptic curves", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00617-00301200-00301814": "And the symmetric powers of the standard representation are the irreducible representations of SU(2)", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00618-00301842-00302658": "This precisely gives you what you need in the case of SU(2) to prove the equidistribution", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00619-00302690-00303326": "It also gives you some idea of why the generalized Sato-Tate conjecture might be much much harder in cases", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00620-00303326-00303602": "other than when the group is SU(2)", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00621-00303602-00304074": "because SU(2) has this nice one parameter family of irreducible representations", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00622-00304074-00304684": "If you think about a Lie group of rank h, then it will have an h-dimensional", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00623-00304740-00305222": "so to speak h-dimensional family the irreducible representations are", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00624-00305226-00305652": "parametrized by h integers", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00625-00305696-00306038": "highest weights in an alcove and", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00626-00306182-00306778": "That there's an explosion of cases you have to deal with that's much much harder than just symmetric powers", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00627-00306852-00307336": "This gives you some idea of the limitations of what we can hope to prove unconditionally", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00628-00307336-00307618": "But if you're willing to assume", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00629-00307618-00308078": "both analytic continuation and the analog of the Riemann hypothesis for the appropriate L-functions", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00630-00308096-00308394": "then you do get error bounds like in the Prime Number Theorem.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00631-00308394-00308656": "And again you can confirm these numerically", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00632-00308706-00309356": "I meant there's there's some numerical calculations by Mazur and Stein that I didn't list on the slide that bear these things out", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00633-00309410-00310135": "For Chebotarev density, Lagarias and Odlyzko have a famous paper that makes everything effective and then", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00634-00310184-00310399": "There's work of Kumar Murty", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00635-00310470-00311046": "Bucur and myself, Bucur, Fite and myself that makes this more explicit", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00636-00311046-00311650": "I mentioned most of this largely because Alina will talk about this to some extent in her lecture in this series", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00637-00311742-00312055": "But now we've hit another stopping point. So let me pause for questions", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00638-00312348-00312688": "Drew is assuring me that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00639-00312708-00313020": "not everybody maybe will disappear quite at 11 o'clock,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00640-00313020-00313392": "but I'm going to try to wrap as close to 11 o'clock as I can", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00641-00313392-00313620": "to leave plenty of time for questions after", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00642-00313620-00314318": "so those of you can stick around for questions after I do plan to to be available for questions", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00643-00314330-00315202": "after but again, if there are quick questions now, please feel free to ask them, say in the chat or out loud", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00644-00316248-00316444": "R. Pries: It looks great Kiran", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00645-00316444-00316818": "K. Kedlaya: All right. So let me go ahead and wrap up. I only have a couple of more slides", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00646-00316824-00317392": "There are three slides of references at the end that I won't show. So I really only have a couple of slides left", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00647-00317452-00318076": "This is largely to set context for the talks that Drew and Francesc are going to give", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00648-00318100-00318466": "These are about these are about computation and classification", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00649-00318487-00318848": "So let me start with this a slide about classification of Sato-Tate groups", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00650-00318877-00319335": "The classification of Sato-Tate groups is known for abelian varieties of dimension up to 3", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00651-00319386-00320254": "So in dimension 1, we've already seen the three cases: no CM, CM within the base field,  CM not within the base field", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00652-00320352-00320696": "That classification is relatively easy", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00653-00320696-00321084": "In dimension 2 it turns out to be more interesting so", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00654-00321102-00321418": "Francesc, Drew and I", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00655-00321418-00321660": "in collaboration with Victor Rotger", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00656-00321660-00322114": "showed that there are 52 possible Sato-Tate groups up to conjugation", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00657-00322182-00322734": "That includes six options for the identity component, which I think was known previously", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00658-00322858-00323516": "And all of these can also occur for Jacobians of genus 2 curves or for genus 2 curves themselves", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00659-00323516-00323990": "There's no difference between the Sato-Tate group of a curve versus its Jacobian", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00660-00324102-00324558": "In dimension 3 this is a much more recent piece of work", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00661-00324568-00324840": "This is actually in some ways still ongoing", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00662-00324850-00325514": "Francesc, Drew and I announced about a year and change ago that there are", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00663-00325514-00326222": "410 possible Sato-Tate groups of abelian 3-folds which include 14 options for the connected component", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00664-00326362-00326706": "We have an announcement paper about this", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00665-00326730-00327036": "that you can find on the arXiv, again it's listed in the references", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00666-00327082-00327704": "there are many questions about dimension 3 that are not settled compared to dimension 2", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00667-00327704-00328238": "For example, do these occur for curves? What fields of definition are allowed?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00668-00328248-00328656": "This is much more mysterious than it is in the dimension 2 case", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00669-00328704-00329142": "which means that there are many open questions to straighten out", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00670-00329244-00329526": "Some of which are being worked on and some of which", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00671-00329550-00329750": "are not yet being worked on", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00672-00329811-00330185": "Dimensions 4 and higher are going to be more complicated for reasons that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00673-00330253-00330584": "Well, there are many reasons why dimension 4 is going to be complicated", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00674-00330751-00331380": "One reason is that the Mumford-Tate group and therefore the Sato-Tate group is not purely determined by endomorphisms", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00675-00331402-00331890": "There are some famous examples of Mumford and Shioda, two different sets of examples,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00676-00331894-00332412": "that illustrate the difficulties involved with reading off the Mumford-Tate group from endomorphisms", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00677-00332450-00332858": "And so this creates some complication in the classification", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00678-00332904-00333586": "There are of course higher dimensional cases that are not related to abelian varieties as directly", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00679-00333586-00333828": "A nice intermediate case is K3 surfaces", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00680-00333828-00334118": "which are a little bit related to abelian varieties", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00681-00334174-00334866": "The Mumford-Tate groups for K3 surfaces are in some ways understood by the work of Tankeev and Zarhin", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00682-00335094-00335438": "Banaszak and I are trying to", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00683-00335448-00335888": "extend some of our previous work making Serre's predictions explicit:", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00684-00335904-00336450": "For what motives of even weight which are needed to cover the case of K3 surfaces?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00685-00336604-00336942": "So that's about what I can say about classification right now", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00686-00336942-00337398": "There are lots of cases where the classification is very much an open problem", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00687-00337408-00337919": "So there's lots of room to explore in that space. I think maybe we'll hear more about this later in the series", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00688-00338002-00338306": "Let me say a little bit about", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00689-00338320-00338544": "Heuristic versus rigorous computation", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00690-00338544-00338784": "So if you have a given X", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00691-00338788-00339394": "in what sense can you find the Sato-Tate  group or the Sato-Tate distribution?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00692-00339456-00339964": "One of the motivations for this work is the fact that it actually turns out to be", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00693-00339984-00340366": "possible to compute L-polynomials efficiently in many cases", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00694-00340366-00340830": "This is a topic for a separate talk or maybe even a separate series", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00695-00340830-00341668": "You know there's now almost two decades of worth of work on this topic", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00696-00341692-00341916": "about computing L-polynomials efficiently", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00697-00342018-00342664": "But let's say you have some method for computing these L-polynomial then you can, of course, try to match", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00698-00342664-00343160": "the distribution that comes empiracally out of these, we had a candidate Sato-Tate group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00699-00343168-00343662": "however, this you can't really do unless a classification has already been done for you and", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00700-00343756-00344300": "And even then you will often have trouble matching/ pinning things down", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00701-00344326-00344577": "This won't generally give you a way to prove that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00702-00344577-00344884": "the Sato-Tate distribution is something other than the cases", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00703-00344884-00345450": "when it's the sort of most generic, the biggest it can be given the circumstances", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00704-00345514-00345962": "And then I mentioned earlier the possibility that distinct groups can give you indistinguishable distributions", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00705-00346056-00346256": "That's another issue", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00706-00346324-00346744": "One possibility is to compute more structure", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00707-00346758-00347498": "For abelian varieties of dimension <= 3, you can compute the Sato-Tate group by computing the endomorphism algebra", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00708-00347558-00348304": "There's work on making this rigorous and practical, I should have said rigorously and practically here", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00709-00348318-00348640": "by Costa, Mascot, Sijsling, and Voight", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00710-00348756-00349136": "I should maybe also mention for other varieties that are not,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00711-00349136-00349910": "I believe Costa and Sertoz have some ongoing work on doing this in cases that are not abelian varieties", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00712-00349978-00350342": "There's also a method by Zywina", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00713-00350342-00350882": "that does not depend on a classification. David is going to talk about this later", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00714-00350896-00351588": "And so it potentially applies to higher dimensional abelian varieties and perhaps even to things that are not abelian varieties", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00715-00351588-00351972": "So I will let him go into the scope of that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00716-00351972-00352392": "but it can do with higher dimensional abelian varieties", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00717-00352398-00352716": "than the ones for which we have a classification and", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00718-00352732-00353380": "it can also give you rigorous results in cases where the previous methods would have struggled to do so", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00719-00353394-00353834": "This is very exciting piece of work that is going to", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00720-00353834-00354390": "give us a lot more insight as it starts to be deployed", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00721-00354390-00354740": "But I'll let David say more about that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00722-00354740-00355198": "That concludes everything I said, I mentioned that I have references but I won't go through the detail", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00723-00355208-00355854": "I'll just leave the the page here,stop and then we can go to the questions", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00724-00356226-00356472": "R. Pries: Thank you Kiran for the wonderful talk", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00725-00356878-00357315": "K. Kedlaya: I owe you a question, I have already one question from earlier as I'm doing this", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00726-00357315-00357956": "Feel free to ask more questions in the chat or you can wait a turn and unmute and ask a question out loud", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00727-00357985-00358362": "So the question that I postponed from earlier", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00728-00358494-00359342": "The question is could you please say a bit more about how this motivic Galois group is constructed, what category of motives are you using?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00729-00359348-00359606": "So I should start by saying that Serre", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00730-00359616-00359882": "when he writes his paper,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00731-00359886-00360548": "he basically puts himself in a fantasy world where all conjectures about motives are known", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00732-00360558-00361260": "So Serre writes his paper from the point of view of: let's assume everything that is conjectured to be true about motives is true", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00733-00361290-00361718": "then all the different categories of motives collapse into one", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00734-00361740-00362570": "And then you can really formulate everything precisely, but all very conditionally", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00735-00362596-00363254": "So the approach in Serre's paper does not actually pick a choice of motivic Galois group", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00736-00363254-00363530": "because he just assumes that they're all equal", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00737-00363540-00363908": "If you actually want to work in the world we live in", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00738-00363940-00364154": "then you have to be a little bit more careful", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00739-00364154-00364698": "For example, for abelian varieties, what Banaszak and I do,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00740-00364718-00365336": "is we work with the so called AHC motives, the motives of absolute Hodge cycles,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00741-00365450-00366218": "For abelian varieties, Deligne's work shows that this kind of does everything you want", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00742-00366218-00366766": "This category of motives kind of satisfies all the things you would want", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00743-00366814-00367176": "In other cases you have to make a choice,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00744-00367206-00367752": "the choice we like is Andre's category of motivated cycles", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00745-00367780-00368370": "I'm not going to say much more about that in part because Grzegorz is much more of an expert on this than me", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00746-00368488-00368910": "I am not a gearhead about motives, so I don't want to try to say too much more", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00747-00368984-00369108": "But I will just say that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00748-00369108-00369874": "Andre's motivated cycles is a good kind of intermediate choice that balances some of the issues that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00749-00369886-00370178": "come up with different categories and motives", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00750-00370186-00370866": "It's less explicit than things like Chow motives, but you know, you can do more things unconditionally", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00751-00370942-00371738": "But for abelian varieties you can use AHC motives and then everything works without any issues", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00752-00371952-00372584": "Yes, the comment I should add is that the category of Andre motives is abelian and semisimple", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00753-00372584-00373012": "So that makes a lot of what I'm saying easier. Okay, so I have question", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00754-00373248-00373660": "R. Pries: Nathan, could you please read your question out loud?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00755-00373738-00374220": "Nathan: Sure. Could be say a little more about the higher dimensional versions of", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00756-00374238-00374602": "vertical Sato-Tate problems like the one study by Birch that you mentioned", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00757-00374650-00375086": "Do the Katz, Sarnak and Deligne equidistribution results that you talked about", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00758-00375106-00376086": "explain what say like Weil polynomials of abelian varieties of dimension g over a fixed finite field F_q look like as q goes to infinity?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00759-00376126-00376839": "K. Kedlaya: Yes, so that's a great question. I should emphasize. So let's fix g in this discussion", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00760-00376839-00377468": "So we're fixing abelian varieties of a given dimension. And then yes, the Katz, Sarnak and Deligne results tell you", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00761-00377550-00378178": "If you take for example all possible abelian varieties of dimension g over a fixed finite field", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00762-00378192-00378900": "you do averaging and then you take a further limit as q goes to infinity then", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00763-00378930-00379404": "what these equidistribution results tell you is that you can", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00764-00379428-00380080": "Well, there's a sort of meta result that Katz and Sarnak described that tells you that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00765-00380094-00380782": "instead of considering arbitrary abelian varieties, if you consider some geometric family of abelian varieties,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00766-00380788-00381354": "you can read off the answers that you're going to get from the geometric monodromy group of that family", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00767-00381376-00382134": "In the case of the full family of abelian varieties, that monodromy group is as big as possible", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00768-00382140-00382418": "It's the symplectic similitudes.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00769-00382424-00383046": "And so that gives you the analog of Sato-Tate,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00770-00383046-00383880": "which is that the characteristic polynomials look like they're coming out of the unitary symplectic group of matrices of size 2g", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00771-00383968-00384416": "And that persists for various other types of families", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00772-00384416-00384864": "For example, Katz, Sarnak explained in their book that this also works for the", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00773-00384902-00385533": "Jacobians of curves which is a much smaller moduli space than abelian varieties or", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00774-00385562-00385904": "the moduli space of hyperelliptic curves", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00775-00385940-00386458": "So you can calculate many cases and in fact Rachel is an expert on this -", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00776-00386486-00386930": "Calculating monodromy groups in families of curves.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00777-00386992-00387462": "Actually Rachel and Jeff are both experts on this", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00778-00387470-00387720": "You can use that kind of calculation", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00779-00387724-00387948": "plug it in and that gives you", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00780-00387970-00388626": "more or less automatically out of the Katz, Sarnak and Deligne machinery, equidistribution statements in geometric families", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00781-00388652-00389166": "Now if you start trying to vary g that gets into more delicate issues", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00782-00389255-00389671": "That gets more into the spirit of the the previous lecture series, maybe I won't go there right now", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00783-00389774-00390302": "But if you have a fixed geometric family, you can do something like this. You can also talk about", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00784-00390302-00390836": "There are other vertical directions that I don't want to get into right now.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00785-00390836-00391310": "For example, considering modular forms of a given type and so on", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00786-00391310-00391574": "And so there are lots of vertical distribution results as well", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00787-00391584-00391760": "Serre has some results", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00788-00391760-00392044": "Shin and Templier have results", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00789-00392044-00392800": "I don't want to go too far in this because I'm gonna start missing names and omitting people inadvertently", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00790-00392822-00393364": "There's quite a lot of work in multiple different aspects of vertical Sato-Tate that I did not cover and", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00791-00393386-00393691": "we probably won't see in this series, but I do want to give them a mention", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00792-00393848-00394048": "R. Pries: Kiran, there's another question", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00793-00394064-00394666": "K. Kedlaya: Yes, Jack do you want to unmute and ask your question out loud?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00794-00395000-00395364": "Jack: Sure. I guess the question is", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00795-00395364-00395978": "What is the so called effective Sato-Tate that I've seen in a few papers on the arXiv", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00796-00395990-00396582": "K. Kedlaya: Right. So this goes back to... I can show you the slide that relates to this", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00797-00396582-00397248": "That's relevant to this slide. Remember I told you the Prime Number Theorem", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00798-00397256-00397402": "under the Riemann hypothesis", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00799-00397402-00397890": "The Prime Number Theorem comes with an error bound of the form N^(1/2 + epsilon)", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00800-00397891-00398251": "I sold that error bound a little bit short. It's not just N^(1/2 + epsilon)", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00801-00398266-00399136": "It's N to the 1/2 times some particular factors of log(n) and loglog(n) which I won't remember off the top of my head", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00802-00399182-00399636": "And you can even make the constant term explicit. It really gives you an effective bound", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00803-00399650-00400270": "that you can actually, for a given N, you can compute a number out of that bound", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00804-00400282-00401174": "and the theorem is, under RH, the number of primes deviates from,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00805-00401218-00401962": "I should compare it to the Li function, to the logarithmic integral", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00806-00401974-00402638": "But it differentiates from Li by a bound of the form N^(1/2 + epsilon)", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00807-00402658-00403090": "with a specific function and specific constants", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00808-00403178-00403850": "These effective statements that I'm mentioning on this slide are versions of that same statement", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00809-00403878-00404292": "using the analogue of the Riemann hypothesis for other L functions", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00810-00404292-00405068": "For example, Lagarias and Odlyzko gives you an effective bound on the error term", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00811-00405068-00405302": "in the Prime Number Theorem and an arithmetic progression", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00812-00405302-00405480": "or in a Chebotarev situation", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00813-00405488-00406390": "which you can then use to, for example, give an upper bound on the least prime in any given Chebotarev class", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00814-00406390-00406828": "I don't want to say too much more about this because Alina's going to talk about this in her talk", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00815-00406876-00407352": "But then the point is you can do something similar in the Sato-Tate conjecture so you can, for example", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00816-00407410-00407806": "If you fix an interval inside the range [-2,2],", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00817-00407824-00408558": "you can ask what is the first prime for which the normalized trace of Frobenius lands in that sub interval", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00818-00408558-00409134": "And you can give a theorem with an effective error term for that and therefore give a prediction on how that arises", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00819-00409354-00409983": "The short answer is this will be it will be discussed in in one of the later talks in the series", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00820-00409991-00410191": "But that's sort of a preview", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00821-00410494-00411003": "Okay, I see a question from Jen Johnson-Leung. Jen you want to ask your question", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00822-00411202-00412047": "J. Johnson-Leung: Sure. So if I knew that all geometric Galois representations are actually automorphic", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00823-00412058-00412485": "would that sort of give you a framework for proving Sato-Tate in general?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00824-00412485-00412776": "I mean I feel like those things are sort of related", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00825-00412802-00413246": "K. Kedlaya: Yes. So the answer is basically on this slide", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00826-00413260-00413888": "If you knew all geometric Galois representations are automorphic or even you know, potentially automorphic,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00827-00413888-00415188": "that would imply analytic continuation for all of the associated L-functions,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00828-00415208-00415854": "You have to then do a tiny bit of work to make sure that you have nonvanishing", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00829-00415864-00416232": "to the right of the critical strip and on the boundary of the critical strip", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00830-00416247-00417114": "But basically once you know those things are automorphic that is enough to tell you Sato-Tate", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00831-00417114-00417639": "It does not give you any sort of power saving error term because that would depend on a zero free region", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00832-00417658-00418420": "But if you knew automorphicity then that would, in all cases that come from geometry,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00833-00418432-00418697": "that would cover all of the", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00834-00418706-00419284": "that would somehow cover everything...", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00835-00419324-00420154": "everything that can show up when you apply Serre's logic to the Sato-Tate conjecture", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00836-00420276-00420614": "The short answer is yes.", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00837-00420646-00421570": "Knowing that everything geometric is automorphic would then imply enough analytic continuation to get you Sato-Tate", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00838-00421612-00422058": "Jen asks about the converse now, so that's an even better question", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00839-00422432-00422806": "I may not be the best person on the line to answer this question, but I'll do my best", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00840-00422806-00423414": "For example, for elliptic curves, there's a famous result of Weil that shows that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00841-00423426-00424554": "analytic continuation for an elliptic curve's L-function and all of its twists would imply modularity", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00842-00424708-00425539": "Now, of course the Sato-Tate conjecture is weaker than holomorphicity - it doesn't Imply that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00843-00425597-00426004": "The Sato-Tate conjecture by itself is not probably enough to imply anything useful", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00844-00426004-00426370": "But holomorphicity, if you knew it in all cases,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00845-00426370-00427080": "Well, sorry, I should say holomorphicity and functional equation in all cases", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00846-00427112-00428097": "Then you have a converse theorem, analogous to Weil's theorem, by Cogdell and Piatetski-Shapiro that says that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00847-00428116-00428796": "in some sense, for GL_n at least, I'm not an automorphic person so I can only tell you about GL_n", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00848-00428796-00429130": "For GL_n, Cogdell and Piatetski-Shapiro showed that", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00849-00429130-00429797": "if you know some sort of grand statement about analytic continuation for all sorts of L-functions,", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00850-00429826-00430206": "for a given L-function, you need to know", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00851-00430220-00430996": "analyticity and maybe the functional equation for its twists by GL_(n-1) representations I think", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00852-00430996-00431800": "So for GL_2 you get GL_1,  but for GL_n you need not just character twists but nonabelian twists", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00853-00431810-00432650": "If you have some grand collection of holomorphicity statements like that, then you can infer an automorphicity statement", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00854-00432680-00433110": "So these statements exist. I don't know what the state of the art is, and I don't know how", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00855-00433124-00433710": "practical they are because it seems that in general most of the things we know about", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00856-00433724-00434392": "holomorphic continuation at least on the arithmetic side actually come from knowing modularity statements, but what do I know", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00857-00434910-00435185": "There was a non math question. Let me just answer this", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00858-00435185-00435783": "That was a question about when this would be posted to YouTube and where we could find it and when it will be posted", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00859-00435832-00436208": "And so the answer is that those will be linked from the from the VaNTAGe site", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00860-00436438-00436752": "And it will be announced through the Google Group as well", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00861-00437113-00437370": "Are there any other questions about the talk?", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00862-00438162-00438508": "R. Pries: Kiran, I want to thank you for starting off this series so well", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00863-00438516-00439250": "I don't know if you've noticed but I've gotten several comments that this was a fabulous talk through the chat window", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00864-00439332-00439858": "The next talk will be April 7th by Francesc Fite", "qFyiWJrwA1M-00865-00439872-00440793": "And maybe everybody could just unmute for a second and give Kiran a big round of applause before we stop here"}}, {"audio_id": "qFMcB9ki5Wg", "text": {"qFMcB9ki5Wg-00000-00000000-00000200": "Subscribe our Channel"}}, {"audio_id": "qFNle2QSWP8", "text": {"qFNle2QSWP8-00000-00000000-00005500": "🌟 🇺🇸 Costume Atamansha Bremen Musicians — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "qGkVlrdNyU4", "text": {"qGkVlrdNyU4-00000-00000152-00000800": "are we recording yes we are recording so hello everyone and welcome to my channel! I am Wanghley", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00001-00000800-00001416": "Soares Martins, I am a young scientist and young inventor but most of all i'm a maker from Brazil", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00002-00001416-00002032": "and today I'm going to start presenting and start showing for you guys all the process of building", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00003-00002032-00002984": "a homemade low-cost 3d printer so if that's what you want to see come with me and let's get started", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00004-00004128-00004848": "yes you're right a homemade low-cost 3d printer this project is made", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00005-00004944-00005808": "in partnership with high abilities and gifted students pro profes no professors but a classroom", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00006-00005808-00006368": "of high ability and gifted students from paranoia which is a neighborhood", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00007-00006368-00006736": "in brasilia federal district in brazil where i am based right now", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00008-00006831-00007784": "so the 3d printer uh is actually what i am trying to do uh with the students is to reduce the cost", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00009-00007784-00008664": "for at least 50 percent which is a a big challenge for us due to the complexity to build a 3d printer", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00010-00008784-00009376": "therefore i started looking searching on the internet how we could do it how we could afford it", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00011-00009376-00010224": "and how we could made it very accessible for the community therefore i started by thinking what", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00012-00010224-00010920": "materials we could use and we decided to start using wood because of the low price and the", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00013-00011016-00011664": "the the accessibility that we had that we had to to this kind of materials and based on", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00014-00011736-00012456": "some projects based on my experience with 3d printers with 3d modelling i started to think in a", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00015-00012520-00013080": "design that we could use to build this low-cost printer in the most simple way to", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00016-00013176-00013776": "to provide for other people the opportunity to also build their own homemade 3d printers", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00017-00013776-00014528": "with the low cost that i'm proposing right here so let's let's go to my screen i want to show you", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00018-00014528-00015056": "what i had what i had signed for this for this project okay and just remember this", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00019-00015056-00015504": "is the video number number zero so the idea here is for for me to present for you guys", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00020-00015504-00016328": "my project and this video is also in portuguese it is subtitles in portuguese actually because", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00021-00016328-00016800": "i am expressing myself in english because i think i think that's the great way to", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00022-00016872-00017496": "share this knowledge not just in brazil but all around the world but if you prefer to to use the", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00023-00017496-00018040": "subtitles in portuguese feel free they are right here you just need to click the button okay so", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00024-00018040-00018720": "come to my screen and let's see what i have to show you okay so come come with me", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00025-00018960-00019688": "so yes as you can see i started by designing the prototyping the thinker cat which is a very", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00026-00019688-00020152": "interesting tool and i really love to use mainly when i'm just trying to think how i could make", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00027-00020152-00020648": "something and it's very interesting because you don't need to download any kind of app you can do", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00028-00020648-00021328": "everything online so it's very interesting very simple actually so you can use it to prototype", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00029-00021328-00021960": "before buying the materials to see how the the final part is going to be like so here as you can", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00030-00021960-00022800": "see i started by modeling this this 3d printer is based in a very famous model is the ember 3d", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00031-00022800-00023408": "printer i guess yeah and based on my experience with other 3d printers that i could see while i", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00032-00023408-00024216": "was younger and while i was starting in this world and yeah so as you can see here we have all the", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00033-00024280-00025056": "structure made with wood right so here we are using this this design we have here a design", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00034-00025056-00026272": "with 50 centimeters uh of length and here we have 45 centimeters and of height we have here", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00035-00026272-00027504": "30 33 centimeters right so this the dimensions and the idea here is for us to have um uh a table", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00036-00027504-00028616": "of printing here of 20 by 20 uh centimeters so all right so 400 centimeter squares of", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00037-00028704-00029464": "of print of printing area possible in this project right so yeah here we are using uh format", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00038-00029583-00030192": "step motors but ideas for us to use five one for the extruder that is going to be right here", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00039-00030295-00031008": "all the electronic part of the devices on this side with the computer atx", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00040-00031008-00031672": "power supply that we are going to use to reduce the costs and here we have the motherboard which", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00041-00031672-00032424": "in our case is going to be an arduino with the ramps shield but we are going to have a video i", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00042-00032424-00033016": "hope to to record this video as soon as possible explaining a little bit more about about this", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00043-00033080-00033728": "uh this electronic part and all the configuration of the firmware that we are going to use right", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00044-00033728-00034400": "so yeah here we're going to we are going to have also in this red uh plastic probably is going to", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00045-00034400-00034920": "be plastic we didn't decide uh which material i'm going to use right here but we are going to have", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00046-00034920-00035760": "one hot end which is one of the most expensive parts of this 3d printer just cutting the", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00047-00035760-00036392": "the step the step motors that we are trying that i'm going to try to use recycled uh", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00048-00036504-00037416": "step motors that i could find um in broken printers and so many other places right to", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00049-00037416-00038360": "try to reduce our costs and build a reliable 3d printer so yeah here we have these bars which", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00050-00038360-00039352": "are which are trapezoidal risk bars to make make the z-axis go up and down so the the hot end go", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00051-00039352-00039968": "up and down here i think we we're going to have a maximum height of impression of printing", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00052-00040040-00040728": "uh of something like 20 to 30 centimeters right i needed to do the calculation of this party yet", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00053-00040792-00041512": "and yeah so let me see what else i can show you for you oh of course the idea is of the for the", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00054-00041512-00042184": "filament to be here in the top because based on my experience it is easier for us to have this", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00055-00042240-00042712": "filament all the filament here because of this shoulder and we're not going to have any kind", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00056-00042712-00043624": "of issue related to that okay so that's why this is here now speaking about the firmware based on", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00057-00043624-00044560": "also on the experience that i had uh with other 3d printers and making making a deep search on on", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00058-00044560-00045328": "the internet i could found a very interesting open source project and by the way i really love open", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00059-00045328-00045968": "source development operations open source hardware open source software and you can take a look on", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00060-00045968-00046504": "that on my github just access the link below and take a look on some of the projects that i've been", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00061-00046504-00047008": "currently working on all right so now speaking about the firmware that we're going to use for", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00062-00047008-00047616": "this project i'm going to use marlin software merlin firmware which is an open source software", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00063-00047680-00048352": "to control 3d printers open source 3d printers which is what i'm trying to do right here after", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00064-00048352-00048944": "i finish the project i'm recording these videos to have a material to provide support for people who", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00065-00048944-00049616": "want to build again this device this 3d printer that i'm building and modeling is an amazing", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00066-00049616-00050440": "project that provides the full firmware needed for the 3d printer for free also it's one of the", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00067-00050440-00051152": "greatest codes that i could see already in this kind of field of firmware for the 3d printers", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00068-00051255-00051912": "if you want to use lcd you can you just need to uncomment online to do it if you", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00069-00051912-00052432": "don't want to use it it's okay you just need to comment all the configuration you can do", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00070-00052432-00052928": "inside of marlin so that's why we are going to use the merlin software because it's one of the", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00071-00053112-00053712": "because it is the code that we can modificate we can change based on the shape of our 3d printer", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00072-00053848-00054528": "we can change based on the on the step motors that we are using so it's very customizable", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00073-00054528-00055304": "if these words if this word exists all right so yeah that's the 3d printer that i", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00074-00055376-00055991": "i started to build uh i i already have all the wood already have all the mechanical parts", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00075-00056079-00056952": "and i'm just recording this video one day before i start to mounting everything together about", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00076-00056952-00057840": "the price i i i want to have a special video just explain all the finances of the project but i can", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00077-00057840-00058591": "totally say for you that we are going to save at least 40 to 50 percent of a commercial 3d printer", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00078-00058591-00059536": "and all that you need to do is to advent yourself and challenge yourself actually to build something", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00079-00059536-00060304": "new right so i hope that you enjoyed this first video that's the video number zero of the homemade", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00080-00060304-00060976": "low-cost 3d printer i need to think about a name for this project but yeah let's see what we can do", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00081-00061104-00061912": "by the next weeks and i hope to be back soon to explain a little bit more about it in an overall", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00082-00061912-00062600": "position all right so if you like the video if you like the project please give your your like this", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00083-00062600-00063216": "really help helps me a lot and if you have any suggestions anything that that you could see that", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00084-00063216-00063879": "there was a doubt for you please comment below i'm here to really help you to build this project as", "qGkVlrdNyU4-00085-00063879-00064991": "i am doing right now okay so that's it for today and i hope to see you soon take care bye bye whoa"}}, {"audio_id": "qGDJByKxqLQ", "text": {"qGDJByKxqLQ-00000-00000003-00000498": "I see oil prices going higher you know I think Saudi Arabia has a real big", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00001-00000498-00000876": "incentive to get oil prices higher with their big IPO coming up so I think OPEC", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00002-00000876-00001194": "is definitely going to start to cut more than they did last time so I think", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00003-00001194-00001592": "that'll be a big catalyst as well and also demand is going up globally so I", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00004-00001592-00001971": "think for all those reasons you should see at some point here", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00005-00001971-00002318": "oil prices start to go up and then looking at energy stocks right now and", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00006-00002318-00002682": "looking at the dividend yields that you're getting on a lot of these Exxon", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00007-00002682-00003063": "for example pays like 5-6% and you start looking at what", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00008-00003063-00003482": "you're receiving on bond yields right now I think it's a really attractive place", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00009-00003482-00003738": "to be allocating capital right now anywhere where you're getting a really", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00010-00003738-00004095": "fat dividend and you're looking valuations that are not extreme I think", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00011-00004095-00004439": "that's a good place to put your money. And so just to follow up to that", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00012-00004439-00004866": "question what do you make of then Aramco's IPO which is in the works right", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00013-00004866-00005301": "now in terms of just approaching the whole oil story and the fact that a", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00014-00005301-00005676": "large part of the attractiveness of with these oil plays is really about their", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00015-00005676-00006276": "dividend payout? Yeah absolutely I mean it is about cash and I think right now", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00016-00006276-00006702": "you have a cash starved world when it comes to bond yields I mean you start", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00017-00006702-00007031": "looking at I don't know where we are today but somewhere around 15 trillion", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00018-00007031-00007383": "and negative yielding securities it's just another reason why you want on", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00019-00007383-00007704": "stocks here you know specifically we're talking about overseas earlier and", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00020-00007704-00008006": "you're worried about some of the concerns about a slowdown but you're", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00021-00008006-00008433": "getting paid so well to wait right now and dividend yields are going up like if", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00022-00008433-00008835": "you get the S&P it's projected to increase the dividend yield by 7% next", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00023-00008835-00009257": "year and you look at companies like Royal Dutch another European company", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00024-00009257-00009684": "that has just a fantastic dividend has a really reasonable valuation right now so", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00025-00009684-00010107": "it's just like this is the time to buy and you know when it comes to cash flow", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00026-00010107-00010464": "right now stocks to the place to be it's not the bond market where arguably", "qGDJByKxqLQ-00027-00010464-00010936": "there's probably more risk especially if interest rates start to go up."}}, {"audio_id": "qHvBWottHD4", "text": {"qHvBWottHD4-00000-00001780-00002338": "One thing that people tend to underestimate about me is the amount of anime I’ve missed", "qHvBWottHD4-00001-00002338-00002561": "out on, skipped over or just plain passed up.", "qHvBWottHD4-00002-00002561-00003121": "I mean, i guess I’ve got a decent number of series under my belt, but if I were to", "qHvBWottHD4-00003-00003121-00003628": "expose my watchlist the torches and pitchforks would likely come out before the 10th entry.", "qHvBWottHD4-00004-00003628-00004036": "I haven’t even gotten around to to the Hellsing series yet.", "qHvBWottHD4-00005-00004036-00004137": "hey well hold on now!", "qHvBWottHD4-00006-00004137-00004407": "this is why i wasn’t gon say anything in the first place.", "qHvBWottHD4-00007-00004407-00004910": "But, regardless I do have to give that little disclaimer cuz well, as much as i hate to", "qHvBWottHD4-00008-00004910-00005135": "say it, we can’t be right all the time.", "qHvBWottHD4-00009-00005135-00005610": "When it comes to predicting what’s going to hit and what’s going to flop, it’s", "qHvBWottHD4-00010-00005610-00005984": "not unusual to make a bad call every so often.", "qHvBWottHD4-00011-00005984-00006408": "Sometimes the coach cuts the star player before they get the chance to display their potential;", "qHvBWottHD4-00012-00006408-00006745": "the audience votes off the contestant with the best talent...", "qHvBWottHD4-00013-00006745-00007388": "and sometimes we sleep on an absolute BANGER.", "qHvBWottHD4-00014-00007388-00007559": "Of an anime.", "qHvBWottHD4-00015-00007559-00008148": "I once accused Black Clover of being a poor ripoff and mashup of Naruto and Fairy Tail,", "qHvBWottHD4-00016-00008148-00008699": "and we will get to that, but after binging nearly the entire series in under a week,", "qHvBWottHD4-00017-00008699-00009077": "I think it’s time for a.. review of opinions if you will.", "qHvBWottHD4-00018-00009077-00009635": "essentially what I’m saying is, as it pertains to my original Judgements regarding Black", "qHvBWottHD4-00019-00009635-00009735": "Clover:", "qHvBWottHD4-00020-00009735-00009865": "I was Wrong.", "qHvBWottHD4-00021-00009865-00010306": "Jesus Christ, I. Was.", "qHvBWottHD4-00022-00010306-00010415": "Wrong.", "qHvBWottHD4-00023-00010415-00010890": "I started reading this series when the manga didn’t even have 100 chapters available", "qHvBWottHD4-00024-00010890-00011360": "to see what the growing hype was about and although i found it fairly enjoyable, definitely", "qHvBWottHD4-00025-00011360-00011538": "thought it was pretty derivative..", "qHvBWottHD4-00026-00011538-00011832": "here, let’s have a quick game of, “guess the anime”.", "qHvBWottHD4-00027-00011832-00012277": "I’ll give you some key details and you tell me: Naruto or Black Clover.", "qHvBWottHD4-00028-00012277-00012835": "we’ve got a world where mastery over the power system basically makes you the Head", "qHvBWottHD4-00029-00012835-00012935": "Honcho.", "qHvBWottHD4-00030-00012935-00013451": "And in said world, our outrageously loud and obnoxious MC has zero talent for harnessing", "qHvBWottHD4-00031-00013451-00013962": "or using said super powers but decides that through sheer grit and hard work they’ll", "qHvBWottHD4-00032-00013962-00014307": "make it to the top and be respected throughout the land.", "qHvBWottHD4-00033-00014307-00014751": "They’re ostracized by their community and, on top of having no talent, have no parents", "qHvBWottHD4-00034-00014751-00015009": "or blood relatives to speak of...", "qHvBWottHD4-00035-00015009-00015109": "JUST like their rival.", "qHvBWottHD4-00036-00015109-00015548": "who’s got ALL the talent, plus a “too cool for school” attitude.", "qHvBWottHD4-00037-00015548-00015986": "They’re basically the opposite of our MC in every way but don’t count our main man", "qHvBWottHD4-00038-00015986-00016550": "out yet folks, because despite his lack of talent what he DOES have, is access to a rare", "qHvBWottHD4-00039-00016550-00017057": "and powerful yet ominous super ability that nobody seems to know a lot about but, can", "qHvBWottHD4-00040-00017057-00017870": "help him reach his Dreams!", "qHvBWottHD4-00041-00017870-00018276": "Like yo, my man really just copied the test answers and barely even put them into his", "qHvBWottHD4-00042-00018276-00018376": "own words!", "qHvBWottHD4-00043-00018376-00018826": "I understand paying respect to your influences but this was damn near comical coming into", "qHvBWottHD4-00044-00018826-00019270": "the series, especially since the manga for Naruto had barely ended by the time Black", "qHvBWottHD4-00045-00019270-00019387": "Clover made it’s debut.", "qHvBWottHD4-00046-00019387-00019818": "I had found it entertaining enough to keep reading when i had free time but with nothing", "qHvBWottHD4-00047-00019818-00020398": "really holding me to the series, and nothing fresh or innovative to really set it apart,", "qHvBWottHD4-00048-00020398-00020726": "I quickly ended up dropping it before the anime had even come out.", "qHvBWottHD4-00049-00020726-00021348": "And after hearing rumors of all the", "qHvBWottHD4-00050-00021348-00022054": "during the first few arcs, I will shamefully admit that I quickly adopted an I-told-you-so", "qHvBWottHD4-00051-00022054-00022321": "attitude whenever discussions would come up.", "qHvBWottHD4-00052-00022321-00022711": "Even when the discourse started to shift towards a more positive direction, I had already moved", "qHvBWottHD4-00053-00022711-00023231": "on and wasn’t really interested in revisiting the series for any reason, even though i knew", "qHvBWottHD4-00054-00023231-00023331": "it had gotten much better.", "qHvBWottHD4-00055-00023331-00023741": "I figured I’d already seen what the series had to offer so there wasn’t a reason to", "qHvBWottHD4-00056-00023741-00024231": "go back to it again... until recently when i was looking for something to watch for an", "qHvBWottHD4-00057-00024231-00024515": "hour or two here and there during some downtime throughout the week.", "qHvBWottHD4-00058-00024515-00024951": "And yeah, it was a bit better than what I’d remembered i guess but it was really more", "qHvBWottHD4-00059-00024951-00025293": "of the same until i reached episode 77.", "qHvBWottHD4-00060-00025293-00025825": "THAT was where i truly realized this story was something special, and absolutely more", "qHvBWottHD4-00061-00025825-00026075": "than some carbon copy of it’s predecessors.", "qHvBWottHD4-00062-00026075-00026175": "(RDC1)", "qHvBWottHD4-00063-00026175-00026597": "when it comes to themes related to inequality and the importance of hard work along with", "qHvBWottHD4-00064-00026597-00027056": "or even in spite of talent, there are definitely tons of shows with something to say.", "qHvBWottHD4-00065-00027056-00027516": "But I guess to me, it really feels like Black clover knows how to address these issues on", "qHvBWottHD4-00066-00027516-00028152": "an extremely personal level while also acknowledging the societal systems that keep them relevant.", "qHvBWottHD4-00067-00028152-00028580": "It’s also able to do so without coming off as preachy so much as inspiring though.", "qHvBWottHD4-00068-00028580-00029100": "It does so by showing characters actively going through things that force them to change", "qHvBWottHD4-00069-00029100-00029475": "how they think and perceive the obstacles in front of them in order to make it to the", "qHvBWottHD4-00070-00029475-00029608": "other side.", "qHvBWottHD4-00071-00029608-00030038": "The emphasis is on understanding the nature of the problem and putting it all on the table", "qHvBWottHD4-00072-00030038-00030494": "and then some in order to rise to the occasion by any means necessary yourself.", "qHvBWottHD4-00073-00030494-00030950": "It’s about working to be the change you want to see in the world and what being that", "qHvBWottHD4-00074-00030950-00031187": "change will actually demand of you.", "qHvBWottHD4-00075-00031187-00031564": "And this aspect of the story is something that truly shines this episode.", "qHvBWottHD4-00076-00031564-00031894": "At this point in the story we’re in the middle of the Royal Knight’s selection exam", "qHvBWottHD4-00077-00031894-00032268": "and Noelle’s team is up as the last match of the first round.", "qHvBWottHD4-00078-00032268-00032877": "Unlike her teammate Yuno, most of her accomplishments and growth has happened away from Clover Kingdom’s", "qHvBWottHD4-00079-00032877-00033441": "spotlight especially as a member of the Black Bulls, so very few people apart from her squadmates", "qHvBWottHD4-00080-00033441-00033640": "actually know what she can do in combat.", "qHvBWottHD4-00081-00033640-00034039": "So it makes sense then, when her older brother comes to antagonize her before they begin", "qHvBWottHD4-00082-00034039-00034291": "their match on opposite sides of the battle.", "qHvBWottHD4-00083-00034291-00034747": "As a late bloomer to controlling her magic, Noelle was an outcast and an easy target for", "qHvBWottHD4-00084-00034747-00034847": "her siblings.", "qHvBWottHD4-00085-00034847-00035199": "She was written off as a failure, leading to her being assigned to the lowest ranking", "qHvBWottHD4-00086-00035199-00035527": "magic knight squad in an attempt to hide her away.", "qHvBWottHD4-00087-00035527-00036099": "Ignorant to her exponential growth over the past months, he enjoys insulting her so much", "qHvBWottHD4-00088-00036099-00036465": "it seems like he’d rather do that than participate in the actual match.", "qHvBWottHD4-00089-00036465-00036888": "Once things actually kick off and they begin their assault, it seems as though he’s successfully", "qHvBWottHD4-00090-00036888-00037346": "gotten into her head as her stubborn insistence on being the one to go on the offensive, feels", "qHvBWottHD4-00091-00037346-00037500": "like an impulsive move.", "qHvBWottHD4-00092-00037500-00037969": "However, this is actually her first power play, as she realizes that she’s perfect", "qHvBWottHD4-00093-00037969-00038471": "bait for her brother, getting him to go off script and throwing their teamwork off balance.", "qHvBWottHD4-00094-00038471-00038856": "With Yuno, their strongest teammate guarding the crystal against a fellow member of Golden", "qHvBWottHD4-00095-00038856-00039480": "Dawn (who’s got his own vendetta), they actually secure the advantage right out the", "qHvBWottHD4-00096-00039480-00039580": "gate.", "qHvBWottHD4-00097-00039580-00040002": "It proves more effective than she even planned too, since this gives Noelle and Yuno’s", "qHvBWottHD4-00098-00040002-00040541": "3rd teammate, En an opening to take out one of their opponents from the match entirely.", "qHvBWottHD4-00099-00040541-00041116": "Now i gotta take a second out to respect the homie En because he is is easily one of the", "qHvBWottHD4-00100-00041116-00041662": "best characters in this entire series and he is absolutely one of my favorites.", "qHvBWottHD4-00101-00041662-00042233": "His appearance is played up for laughs as some frail nerdy shut-in type, but he’s", "qHvBWottHD4-00102-00042233-00042681": "actually got a really passionate and firey personality that makes him INSTANTLY lovable", "qHvBWottHD4-00103-00042681-00042806": "and endearing.", "qHvBWottHD4-00104-00042806-00043291": "After incapacitating his opponent, En continues to use his support magic for Noelle, but all", "qHvBWottHD4-00105-00043291-00043577": "he really uses it for is to encourage her.", "qHvBWottHD4-00106-00043577-00043988": "Everyone gets to see Noelle’s brother be a tool to her so instead of helping her fight", "qHvBWottHD4-00107-00043988-00044427": "him, he gives her the brotherly support she should have gotten from her family and encourages", "qHvBWottHD4-00108-00044427-00045025": "her to handle things using her own strength, which was a script flip i was NOT expecting.", "qHvBWottHD4-00109-00045025-00045373": "Despite his appearance, my man En is extremely reliable.", "qHvBWottHD4-00110-00045373-00045828": "He’s got 10 younger siblings that he’s dedicated himself to support and gives Noelle", "qHvBWottHD4-00111-00045828-00046308": "one of the most heartwarming self empowerment speeches I’ve ever seen in any anime.", "qHvBWottHD4-00112-00046308-00046655": "He stands up to her brother on her behalf, but only to tell him off.", "qHvBWottHD4-00113-00046655-00046855": "You know, Brotha to brotha.", "qHvBWottHD4-00114-00046855-00047372": "He believes in Noelle and trusts her to have both the capability and decisiveness to demand", "qHvBWottHD4-00115-00047372-00047594": "and command Solid’s respect.", "qHvBWottHD4-00116-00047594-00048076": "Plus, unlike her bother, she’s actually had her life placed on the line over and over", "qHvBWottHD4-00117-00048076-00048594": "and over again to the point where she realizes her own family members she’s wanted respect", "qHvBWottHD4-00118-00048594-00049006": "from, wouldn’t be able to hold a candle to some of the enemies she’s had to deal", "qHvBWottHD4-00119-00049006-00049156": "with on the actual battlefield.", "qHvBWottHD4-00120-00049156-00049674": "it’s a dope moment for her because all of a sudden we realize that we’ve come to a", "qHvBWottHD4-00121-00049674-00050148": "point where somehow along the way, she’s left her goal of being acknowledged by her", "qHvBWottHD4-00122-00050148-00050540": "siblings behind and has been rocketing past it ever since.", "qHvBWottHD4-00123-00050540-00050968": "She’s already been acknowledged by members of the other great noble houses as a true", "qHvBWottHD4-00124-00050968-00051364": "contender, and she’s been relied upon by people of similar status in combat.", "qHvBWottHD4-00125-00051364-00051759": "This is just her first chance to display what she’s been doing all this time on a grand", "qHvBWottHD4-00126-00051759-00051859": "stage.", "qHvBWottHD4-00127-00051859-00052264": "it’s a W that we’d been building towards all this time but the ultimate climax of their", "qHvBWottHD4-00128-00052264-00052873": "encounter ends up being a complete anticlimax, and it’s done this way on purpose.", "qHvBWottHD4-00129-00052873-00053296": "The ease with which she completely decimates her brother is proof of all the things I’ve", "qHvBWottHD4-00130-00053296-00053462": "said about her until now.", "qHvBWottHD4-00131-00053462-00053887": "she’s gone from being helpless to being in a completely different category even apart", "qHvBWottHD4-00132-00053887-00054042": "from other nobles.", "qHvBWottHD4-00133-00054042-00054444": "Simultaneously Yuno, who’s guarding their team’s crystal is in a situation with really", "qHvBWottHD4-00134-00054444-00054686": "interesting parallels to Noelle’s battle.", "qHvBWottHD4-00135-00054686-00055157": "As someone who grew up as a peasant with insane talent and abilities, all he knows is the", "qHvBWottHD4-00136-00055157-00055526": "importance of merit since he has nothing else to fall back on.", "qHvBWottHD4-00137-00055526-00056049": "And since Golden dawn is a squad of high status members and nobility, he sticks out like a", "qHvBWottHD4-00138-00056049-00056149": "sore thumb.", "qHvBWottHD4-00139-00056149-00056622": "So when he makes a tsunami sized splash in this gold gilded pond, his very existence", "qHvBWottHD4-00140-00056622-00057094": "confuses and disturbs the status quo that Golden Dawn itself represents in the Clover", "qHvBWottHD4-00141-00057094-00057194": "Kingdom.", "qHvBWottHD4-00142-00057194-00057604": "And despite the fact that the members of Golden dawn give their lives to serve the kingdom,", "qHvBWottHD4-00143-00057604-00058129": "we can see through Yuno’s opponent how that sense of duty can easily be warped into entitlement", "qHvBWottHD4-00144-00058129-00058229": "and obsession.", "qHvBWottHD4-00145-00058229-00058698": "they’re so insulated that many of these nobles can’t even conceive of anything outside", "qHvBWottHD4-00146-00058698-00059112": "of their worldview and think that just because they were born into comfort and grew to want", "qHvBWottHD4-00147-00059112-00059337": "something, that they deserved to have it.", "qHvBWottHD4-00148-00059337-00059799": "Yuno even mentions as much as he reflects on his eventual victory in the next episode.", "qHvBWottHD4-00149-00059799-00060111": "Both Solid and Alecdora are extremely lazy and mentally underdeveloped because they’ve", "qHvBWottHD4-00150-00060111-00060520": "never had their worldviews challenged or had the thought to examine it for more than a", "qHvBWottHD4-00151-00060520-00060787": "half second because they’ve never had to.", "qHvBWottHD4-00152-00060787-00061604": "Yuno takes advantage of this in an extremely precise way that STRONGLY humbles his opponent.", "qHvBWottHD4-00153-00061604-00062034": "He doesn’t just destroy him, he targets his opponent’s ultimate ability itself,", "qHvBWottHD4-00154-00062034-00062563": "by neutralizing it in an extremely technical and unorthadox way without the aid of is ultimate", "qHvBWottHD4-00155-00062563-00063133": "trump card, ironically forcing HIM to realize where HE actually stands in the world rather", "qHvBWottHD4-00156-00063133-00063312": "than the other way aronud.", "qHvBWottHD4-00157-00063312-00063772": "By beating him this way he’s basically yelling into his ear with a megaphone that he’s", "qHvBWottHD4-00158-00063772-00064525": "nothing but an NPC in front of every magic knight in the kingdom.", "qHvBWottHD4-00159-00064525-00064898": "as far as tournament arcs go, it really don’t get much better than this if I’m being completely", "qHvBWottHD4-00160-00064898-00064998": "honest.", "qHvBWottHD4-00161-00064998-00065513": "For me, a great battle series is found where narrative themes and amazing visuals intersect", "qHvBWottHD4-00162-00065513-00065975": "and there is just so much to love with Black Clover that highlights exactly that.", "qHvBWottHD4-00163-00065975-00066468": "there’s a TON of care and detail that goes into the smallest aspects of the show that", "qHvBWottHD4-00164-00066468-00066713": "really get me right in the Kokoro you know what I’m saying?", "qHvBWottHD4-00165-00066713-00067191": "there’s a ton of things I could honestly go on and on about like how Gordon’s family", "qHvBWottHD4-00166-00067191-00067889": "is a reference to the Adam’s family with an accuracy that i can only describe as unnecessary", "qHvBWottHD4-00167-00067889-00068145": "in the most hilarious way possible.", "qHvBWottHD4-00168-00068145-00068782": "Or the fact that YALL LIED about this being some Mickey Mouse Clubhouse anime this show", "qHvBWottHD4-00169-00068782-00069038": "got DARK towards the later seasons.", "qHvBWottHD4-00170-00069038-00069488": "All in all i’m glad to say that I found a new favorite series and though I got on", "qHvBWottHD4-00171-00069488-00069893": "the Hype train late, I’m just grateful that I eventually got on board at all.", "qHvBWottHD4-00172-00069893-00070324": "Now if you’d be so kind as to surpass your limits preventing you from liking this video", "qHvBWottHD4-00173-00070324-00070564": "and subscribing, I’d really appreciate it.", "qHvBWottHD4-00174-00070564-00070929": "In the meantime, I’ve got a new manga to catch up on."}}, {"audio_id": "qHUyZjRX3rA", "text": {"qHUyZjRX3rA-00000-00000648-00000973": "presents", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00001-00002369-00002825": "do you know tofu from my village?", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00002-00004577-00004723": "right now, I'm in tofu factory", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00003-00004769-00005559": "tofu is side dish that has a lot of vegetable protein that is needed by  our body", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00004-00005666-00006141": "Gondosuli tofu is popular. It is known for its distinctive flavors and its deliciousness", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00005-00006152-00006441": "let's ask the tofu maker", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00006-00006531-00006708": "how long the process take?", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00007-00006744-00007120": "10 hours in total", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00008-00007417-00007962": "can you tell us the process of making tofy, step by step?", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00009-00008292-00008587": "first, soak the soybeans", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00010-00008654-00009756": "after it's been soaked for 24 hours, it can be grilled", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00011-00009896-00010182": "after it's been grilled, it will be boiled", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00012-00010215-00010403": "after the boiling process is done, we need to strained it", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00013-00010480-00010789": "after it's been strained, then we can pour it in the mould", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00014-00010814-00011061": "how many kg ingridient for making tofu per day?", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00015-00011091-00011152": "1 quintal", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00016-00011478-00011626": "how will you sell it?", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00017-00011727-00011927": "we sell it in the market", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00018-00012155-00012510": "are the soyben imported or local?", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00019-00012659-00012741": "from import", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00020-00012796-00012871": "from where?", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00021-00012884-00012981": "from Bokoksari (local)", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00022-00013127-00013351": "okay then, thank you so much sir", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00023-00016665-00016875": "it is so delicious", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00024-00016886-00017400": "but it would be more delicious if we can add a little bit more salt. where is the salt? oh here it is", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00025-00017569-00017650": "it's so good", "qHUyZjRX3rA-00026-00017837-00018163": "it's more delicious with more salt on it viewers"}}, {"audio_id": "qHXIkDlYLLo", "text": {"qHXIkDlYLLo-00000-00000056-00000848": "the video that i promoted last night which was help me got to over 1 000 views in under 12 hours,", "qHXIkDlYLLo-00001-00000848-00002064": "because the promotion happened way too quickly. instead of getting almost 600, it ended up with double that number, and the first hour was also impressive, with over 300 people watching it in", "qHXIkDlYLLo-00002-00002064-00002680": "only a single hour. again, that's a lot higher than average, and our channel also decided to speed up,", "qHXIkDlYLLo-00003-00002816-00003200": "but my laptop has recently become slow and is plagued."}}, {"audio_id": "qHalYaRH-4k", "text": {"qHalYaRH-4k-00000-00001000-00001400": "It is important for me that people keep on making films, because I think film making is a human exchange", "qHalYaRH-4k-00001-00001450-00001700": "every recording, every filming experience is amazing", "qHalYaRH-4k-00002-00005500-00005850": "What I care about are human experiences", "qHalYaRH-4k-00003-00005900-00006500": "that speak about what human beings are,   their problems, their conditions... The future we are going to live", "qHalYaRH-4k-00004-00006600-00006800": "Movies that make people think about", "qHalYaRH-4k-00005-00006900-00007200": "who we are, where we come from and where we are going", "qHalYaRH-4k-00006-00008200-00008500": "It was very inspiring for me"}}, {"audio_id": "qI075-lQP1U", "text": {"qI075-lQP1U-00000-00000062-00000158": "- Kia ora koutou.", "qI075-lQP1U-00001-00000268-00000523": "Welcome to Queering Games.", "qI075-lQP1U-00002-00000523-00000674": "I'm Dr. Tof Eklund,", "qI075-lQP1U-00003-00000674-00000959": "a lecturer in English and new media studies", "qI075-lQP1U-00004-00000959-00001196": "at Auckland University of Technology.", "qI075-lQP1U-00005-00001280-00001665": "I'm nonbinary transgender. My prounouns are they/them.", "qI075-lQP1U-00006-00001752-00002241": "My talk today is about LGBTQ+ representation in games,", "qI075-lQP1U-00007-00002241-00002568": "including games by and for the queer community,", "qI075-lQP1U-00008-00002568-00002838": "and how those games queer or challenge", "qI075-lQP1U-00009-00002838-00003209": "our understanding of what games can and should be.", "qI075-lQP1U-00010-00003209-00003446": "I won't be talking about queer subtext", "qI075-lQP1U-00011-00003446-00003664": "in mainstream games today.", "qI075-lQP1U-00012-00003664-00003896": "It may be that Luigi is gay", "qI075-lQP1U-00013-00003896-00004157": "and that Link's sword is a phallus,", "qI075-lQP1U-00014-00004157-00004371": "but that's not our concern here.", "qI075-lQP1U-00015-00004465-00004718": "I want to start in the late '80s,", "qI075-lQP1U-00016-00004718-00005031": "not just for the proliferation", "qI075-lQP1U-00017-00005031-00005525": "of homophobic and transphobic content in games at that time,", "qI075-lQP1U-00018-00005525-00005988": "but because of C.M. Ralph's 1989 \"Caper in the Castro,\"", "qI075-lQP1U-00019-00005988-00006352": "the first know queer-for-queer video game.", "qI075-lQP1U-00020-00006352-00006629": "The protagonist of Caper is a butch lesbian", "qI075-lQP1U-00021-00006629-00007120": "searching for her best friend - a drag queen.", "qI075-lQP1U-00022-00007120-00007386": "Ralph released this game for free,", "qI075-lQP1U-00023-00007386-00007716": "asking only that players donate to AIDS relief,", "qI075-lQP1U-00024-00007716-00007901": "illustrating how queer games", "qI075-lQP1U-00025-00007901-00008184": "can literally be a matter of life and death.", "qI075-lQP1U-00026-00008317-00008582": "After Caper, there was a slow trickle", "qI075-lQP1U-00027-00008582-00008928": "of queer indie games over the '90s and aughts,", "qI075-lQP1U-00028-00008928-00009219": "then the floodgates opened in 2012", "qI075-lQP1U-00029-00009219-00009534": "with the release of Anna Anthropy's \"Dys4ia,\"", "qI075-lQP1U-00030-00009534-00009702": "Porpentine's \"Howling Dogs,\"", "qI075-lQP1U-00031-00009702-00010013": "and Christine Love's \"Analogue: A Hate Story.\"", "qI075-lQP1U-00032-00010104-00010313": "These games all presented stories", "qI075-lQP1U-00033-00010313-00010629": "of gender nonconformity, alienage,", "qI075-lQP1U-00034-00010629-00010914": "and queer survival in broken worlds,", "qI075-lQP1U-00035-00010914-00011204": "a style I call genderpunk.", "qI075-lQP1U-00036-00011204-00011322": "The following year,", "qI075-lQP1U-00037-00011322-00011628": "Zoe Quinn and her game, \"Depression Quest,\"", "qI075-lQP1U-00038-00011628-00011995": "would be the first targets of the Gamergate hate movement.", "qI075-lQP1U-00039-00011995-00012376": "The life and death stakes of queer games were never clearer", "qI075-lQP1U-00040-00012376-00012675": "than in the years of death, rape,", "qI075-lQP1U-00041-00012675-00012919": "and torture threats Quinn endured.", "qI075-lQP1U-00042-00013016-00013209": "In the past two years,", "qI075-lQP1U-00043-00013209-00013649": "indie games by an increasingly diverse set of queer creators", "qI075-lQP1U-00044-00013649-00013908": "have posed a genderpunk challenge", "qI075-lQP1U-00045-00013908-00014119": "to mainstream gaming's obsession", "qI075-lQP1U-00046-00014119-00014619": "with beating and p0wning games and players alike.", "qI075-lQP1U-00047-00014625-00015046": "In Mya Schwartz and Avebee's \"Heaven Will Be Mine,\"", "qI075-lQP1U-00048-00015046-00015352": "queer pilots fight cinematic duels,", "qI075-lQP1U-00049-00015352-00015679": "but the player picks the winner.", "qI075-lQP1U-00050-00015679-00016058": "In Ryan Rose Acae and Heather Flowers' \"Genderwrecked,\"", "qI075-lQP1U-00051-00016058-00016558": "the player can talk to, fight, or kiss grotesque monsters,", "qI075-lQP1U-00052-00016558-00016925": "but every option is a form of communication.", "qI075-lQP1U-00053-00016925-00017263": "In Flowers' \"Extreme Meatpunks Forever,\"", "qI075-lQP1U-00054-00017263-00017757": "a group of \"gay disasters\" use fleshy bioorganic robots", "qI075-lQP1U-00055-00017757-00018009": "to fend off fascists,", "qI075-lQP1U-00056-00018009-00018186": "but you can't kill your enemies.", "qI075-lQP1U-00057-00018186-00018495": "Instead, you have to push them out of the literal", "qI075-lQP1U-00058-00018495-00018696": "and metaphorical public arena.", "qI075-lQP1U-00059-00018850-00019018": "Over the same period,", "qI075-lQP1U-00060-00019018-00019222": "Porperntine and Ada Rook's", "qI075-lQP1U-00061-00019222-00019594": "\"No World Dreamers: Sticky Zeitgiest\"", "qI075-lQP1U-00062-00019594-00019986": "featured a group of mutant and cyborg trans women", "qI075-lQP1U-00063-00019986-00020346": "living on an irrecoverably polluted trash world,", "qI075-lQP1U-00064-00020453-00020664": "Zoe Quin and Chuck Tingle", "qI075-lQP1U-00065-00020664-00020917": "are collaborating on a forthcoming game", "qI075-lQP1U-00066-00020917-00021315": "in the vein of Tingle's gonzo gay erotic novel", "qI075-lQP1U-00067-00021315-00021749": "\"Pounded In The Butt By My Own Butt\"", "qI075-lQP1U-00068-00021749-00022242": "and Kiwi-led Skeleteam released \"Catacomb Prince\"", "qI075-lQP1U-00069-00022242-00022659": "about a reanimated skeleton's search for love and his killer", "qI075-lQP1U-00070-00022659-00023078": "in a pansexually-inclusive, pseudo-Florentine setting", "qI075-lQP1U-00071-00023078-00023467": "where even the church recognizes gender diversity.", "qI075-lQP1U-00072-00023569-00023835": "You can, in various senses of the word,", "qI075-lQP1U-00073-00023835-00023997": "complete these games,", "qI075-lQP1U-00074-00023997-00024267": "but you can't really beat them.", "qI075-lQP1U-00075-00024267-00024623": "There's nothing in them opposed to the player,", "qI075-lQP1U-00076-00024623-00024888": "and only an experience to be won.", "qI075-lQP1U-00077-00024986-00025428": "Contests of skill, where they exist, can be skipped,", "qI075-lQP1U-00078-00025428-00025907": "and bad endings are funny or reflective, not mocking.", "qI075-lQP1U-00079-00026032-00026373": "In an era of esports, leaderboards,", "qI075-lQP1U-00080-00026373-00026613": "integrated social media elements,", "qI075-lQP1U-00081-00026613-00027050": "and rampant disrespect for other players,", "qI075-lQP1U-00082-00027050-00027252": "these games are single-player,", "qI075-lQP1U-00083-00027252-00027574": "small, offline experiences", "qI075-lQP1U-00084-00027574-00027860": "that nonetheless do more to cultivate", "qI075-lQP1U-00085-00027860-00028256": "a meaningful sense of connection and community", "qI075-lQP1U-00086-00028256-00028590": "than any first-person shooter or MMORPG.", "qI075-lQP1U-00087-00028775-00028858": "Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "qIrx56YXiDE", "text": {"qIrx56YXiDE-00000-00000240-00000644": "I am Doris Kiuntke from Aikido Zen Dojo in Würzburg.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00001-00000760-00000960": "Here you can see me moving alone, as in all the videos before.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00002-00001010-00001370": "But in this video there are also a few snippets from our normal training sessions.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00003-00001470-00002120": "After the long corona break, we were finally able to start practicing in contact with small groups.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00004-00002370-00002870": "The first section is from the adult training.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00005-00002930-00003329": "These are mainly very round, soft, flowing movements.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00006-00003429-00003834": "And it's also fun and good that we can finally train with contact again.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00007-00004020-00004422": "We currently have two adult training sessions in the dojo, one fast and one slower", "qIrx56YXiDE-00008-00004676-00004876": "one outside and two kids trainings.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00009-00005068-00005268": "We're not quite on the level of complete trainingschedule", "qIrx56YXiDE-00010-00005268-00005462": "this is only the beginning after the break.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00011-00006531-00006731": "During training we have windows open all the time.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00012-00006966-00007359": "We have to wear a mask in the entrance area and in the changing room.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00013-00007709-00008116": "We don't wear hakamas, the kids only wear pants, t-shirts, no belts,", "qIrx56YXiDE-00014-00008116-00008316": "to keep the time in the locker room short.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00015-00008930-00009638": "There are also many things that we practice alone.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00016-00009638-00010030": "Once for preparation, for practicing balance, perception, body control.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00017-00011176-00011376": "These are small roles, that's how you usually start, even as an adult.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00018-00011864-00012064": "After a while you can also roll from a standing position and become more dynamic.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00019-00012504-00012704": "Everyone can develop at their own pace.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00020-00012819-00013219": "You don’t have to worry if you don’t jump over people right away,", "qIrx56YXiDE-00021-00013324-00013524": "but if you can, of course it's fun.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00022-00013768-00013968": "It is a good preparation to roll or fall freely from the Aikido technique", "qIrx56YXiDE-00023-00014422-00014919": "And it is also a good way to build endurance.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00024-00015080-00015580": "We are currently making one additional unit for adults to exercise fitness after the long break.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00025-00015669-00015972": "It contains also a lot of roles.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00026-00016019-00016510": "Sometimes just a little playing around because it's fun", "qIrx56YXiDE-00027-00016640-00017140": "then do more technical stuff", "qIrx56YXiDE-00028-00017230-00017530": "that's all part of normal training.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00029-00018660-00019160": "Now in the summer holidays we will continue to train to use the time", "qIrx56YXiDE-00030-00019420-00019722": "nobody knows what will come in autumn.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00031-00019948-00020240": "We hope that things will continue as normal.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00032-00020418-00020910": "Then there will be more videos of training, aikido in general, seminars.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00033-00021320-00021920": "We're happy if you want to keep watching and maybe want to subscribe to the channel.", "qIrx56YXiDE-00034-00022150-00022650": "Stay healthy and thank you to everyone who was part in the video."}}, {"audio_id": "qIs1EezOfdM", "text": {"qIs1EezOfdM-00000-00000108-00000422": "Hello everyone this is Lewis Orton from Aalab.com", "qIs1EezOfdM-00001-00000422-00000666": "and here I'm going to show you the first product", "qIs1EezOfdM-00002-00000666-00000948": "my team and I have been working on  over thelast two years.", "qIs1EezOfdM-00003-00000948-00001086": "It's called Found", "qIs1EezOfdM-00004-00001086-00001728": "Found is adigital asset management solution designed by mefor independent CG artists and small studios", "qIs1EezOfdM-00005-00001728-00002090": "which can help artists to solve day-to-dayproblems", "qIs1EezOfdM-00006-00002090-00002459": "it works like explore on Windows or Finder on a Mac", "qIs1EezOfdM-00007-00002459-00002810": "but is tailored explicitly to a CG artist", "qIs1EezOfdM-00008-00002810-00003104": "all right let's skip all the Chit Chat and check it out", "qIs1EezOfdM-00009-00003104-00003436": "the main interface is split intothree parts from left to right", "qIs1EezOfdM-00010-00003436-00003762": "the left sidebar consists of three collapse panels", "qIs1EezOfdM-00011-00003762-00004149": "the first oneon the top is Directory and  the second is Quick Access", "qIs1EezOfdM-00012-00004149-00004620": "third one is the unique feature calledCollection which I'm going to explain in a bit", "qIs1EezOfdM-00013-00004620-00005160": "the middle area is the main browsing area which supports multi-tabs like a regular web browser", "qIs1EezOfdM-00014-00005160-00005402": "and on the right side is the preview panel", "qIs1EezOfdM-00015-00005402-00005684": "firstlet's take a look at the directory collapse panel", "qIs1EezOfdM-00016-00005684-00006156": "here you can navigate through your local drives or local network resources like NAS devices", "qIs1EezOfdM-00017-00006228-00006677": "if we click the small icon to open the eye thehidden folders will be visible", "qIs1EezOfdM-00018-00006686-00006967": "if you wantto hide a specific folder or a local drive", "qIs1EezOfdM-00019-00006967-00007441": "youcan click the eye next to it and when you close the panel's eyes on the top right corner", "qIs1EezOfdM-00020-00007441-00007614": "it won't show up in the directory panel", "qIs1EezOfdM-00021-00007680-00008172": "it's very much similar to the layer shy feature in After Effects if you have ever used that", "qIs1EezOfdM-00022-00008172-00008687": "this way you can keep only what's meaningful for you and reduce unnecessary distractions", "qIs1EezOfdM-00023-00008702-00009233": "the QuickAccess panel allows you to pin your frequently visited folders for easy access", "qIs1EezOfdM-00024-00009240-00009640": "you can click the [+]button to add the current folder into Quick Access", "qIs1EezOfdM-00025-00009640-00009916": "right-click a folder select 'Change Alias'", "qIs1EezOfdM-00026-00009916-00010271": "you can then specify a specific Alias for this particularfolder", "qIs1EezOfdM-00027-00010271-00010386": "in the quick access", "qIs1EezOfdM-00028-00010386-00010637": "which won't change the actual folder's name", "qIs1EezOfdM-00029-00010637-00010951": "let's hide the directorypanel as we don't need it for the moment", "qIs1EezOfdM-00030-00010951-00011229": "create a new tab and switch to the demo folder", "qIs1EezOfdM-00031-00011229-00011479": "if your folder contains mixed contents", "qIs1EezOfdM-00032-00011479-00011727": "or what we call as the 'visual assets'", "qIs1EezOfdM-00033-00011727-00011973": "which will be presentedwith big thumbnails", "qIs1EezOfdM-00034-00011973-00012303": "only those previewable digital assets will have thumbnails", "qIs1EezOfdM-00035-00012303-00012801": "regular folders andother files will show up as small icons with full names next to them", "qIs1EezOfdM-00036-00012801-00013267": "here you can decide what kindof information you would like to see below the thumbnails", "qIs1EezOfdM-00037-00013267-00013382": "and the sorting order", "qIs1EezOfdM-00038-00013382-00013794": "also you can sortthem by the similarity to a specific hue of colour", "qIs1EezOfdM-00039-00013890-00014249": "click an asset and it will be loaded into the preview area", "qIs1EezOfdM-00040-00014249-00014639": "the Color Bar will show the analysis of the dominant colors in the picture", "qIs1EezOfdM-00041-00014639-00014996": "select acolour from the drop-down menu you can click one of the values", "qIs1EezOfdM-00042-00014996-00015396": "and it will be copied to your clipboard which you can later then paste somewhere else", "qIs1EezOfdM-00043-00015450-00015674": "the Color Bar also has a Color Picker", "qIs1EezOfdM-00044-00015674-00016047": "youcan pick a color from anywhere on your screen, even outside Found", "qIs1EezOfdM-00045-00016047-00016285": "the color will be temporarystored here", "qIs1EezOfdM-00046-00016285-00016728": "if we hold down the middle button of the mouse while dragging the thumbnail", "qIs1EezOfdM-00047-00016728-00016927": "a floating image will be created", "qIs1EezOfdM-00048-00016927-00017286": "and you can move to anywhere on the screen as a reference", "qIs1EezOfdM-00049-00017286-00017623": "use the scroll wheel button to scale the floating image", "qIs1EezOfdM-00050-00017623-00017833": "you can also rotate for 90 degrees", "qIs1EezOfdM-00051-00017833-00018126": "fliphorizontally, vertically or make it grayscale", "qIs1EezOfdM-00052-00018336-00018795": "you can hold down left button for a moment and then drag it out to Slack directly", "qIs1EezOfdM-00053-00018795-00018976": "to send it to somebody else", "qIs1EezOfdM-00054-00018976-00019389": "Found supports not only thecommon formats like jpeg or PNG", "qIs1EezOfdM-00055-00019389-00019850": "but professional formats like DNG RAW and Photoshop PSD filesare also supported", "qIs1EezOfdM-00056-00019850-00020171": "and videos are supported with more features", "qIs1EezOfdM-00057-00020171-00020428": "when moving across a video's thumbnail", "qIs1EezOfdM-00058-00020428-00020627": "we can preview the content on the fly", "qIs1EezOfdM-00059-00020627-00021182": "this can be especially important and handy when trying to collect various layouts or references", "qIs1EezOfdM-00060-00021182-00021327": "for creative projects", "qIs1EezOfdM-00061-00021327-00021654": "select a video it will start to play on the right immediately", "qIs1EezOfdM-00062-00021810-00022254": "hold down the left button when moving from left to right can navigate the timeline easily", "qIs1EezOfdM-00063-00022464-00022727": "and middle clicking the preview panel willmaximize it", "qIs1EezOfdM-00064-00022727-00022973": "no matter what kind of content is being preivewed", "qIs1EezOfdM-00065-00022973-00023346": "also you can use the scrollwheel to scale the image when it's playing", "qIs1EezOfdM-00066-00023412-00023616": "the timeline is very precise", "qIs1EezOfdM-00067-00023616-00024134": "you can usethe keyboard's left or right arrow key  to control the progress frame by frame", "qIs1EezOfdM-00068-00024134-00024384": "middleclick again to restore the panel to the right", "qIs1EezOfdM-00069-00024474-00024704": "if we hold down the middle button on themouse", "qIs1EezOfdM-00070-00024704-00024974": "a floating image of the current time will be created", "qIs1EezOfdM-00071-00024974-00025308": "this is super handy ifyou want a quick reference from the video", "qIs1EezOfdM-00072-00025727-00026146": "if we hold down the left button and move to Slack or some other area", "qIs1EezOfdM-00073-00026146-00026412": "I can send a snapshot to somebody else quickly", "qIs1EezOfdM-00074-00026412-00026754": "you can also use this feature to do film analysis quickly", "qIs1EezOfdM-00075-00026910-00027038": "for example", "qIs1EezOfdM-00076-00027038-00027350": "let's create a new collection calledvideo analysis", "qIs1EezOfdM-00077-00027350-00027621": "a collection can be seen as a 'virtual folder'", "qIs1EezOfdM-00078-00027621-00027800": "which we will go deeper in a bit", "qIs1EezOfdM-00079-00027800-00028056": "let'ssay we think this shot looks great", "qIs1EezOfdM-00080-00028056-00028325": "just hold down left button drag and drop", "qIs1EezOfdM-00081-00028325-00028418": "again", "qIs1EezOfdM-00082-00028418-00028517": "drag and drop", "qIs1EezOfdM-00083-00028517-00028694": "andagain drag and drop", "qIs1EezOfdM-00084-00028694-00028872": "it's just that quick and easy", "qIs1EezOfdM-00085-00028944-00029137": "let's go back to the video folder", "qIs1EezOfdM-00086-00029137-00029379": "hold down themiddle button on a thumbnail", "qIs1EezOfdM-00087-00029379-00029811": "and an information dialog will pop up which tells you all you wantto know about this file", "qIs1EezOfdM-00088-00029811-00030095": "like the frame rates, codec information etc.", "qIs1EezOfdM-00089-00030153-00030295": "besides videos", "qIs1EezOfdM-00090-00030295-00030665": "Found also supports industry-standard 3D models as well", "qIs1EezOfdM-00091-00030665-00030936": "select a model and start to preview on theright", "qIs1EezOfdM-00092-00030936-00031224": "you can inspect the wireframe and UV Islands", "qIs1EezOfdM-00093-00031500-00031914": "hold down the middle button on the thumbnail to check the properties of the model", "qIs1EezOfdM-00094-00031914-00032226": "you caneven create a floating image from the drop-down menu on the preview panel", "qIs1EezOfdM-00095-00032364-00032655": "also Found supports HDRI images", "qIs1EezOfdM-00096-00032655-00032856": "select oneof the HDR files", "qIs1EezOfdM-00097-00032856-00033192": "we can then see how it will affect a diffuse sphere", "qIs1EezOfdM-00098-00033192-00033570": "you can switch the Shader between a reflective one or a rough diffuse one", "qIs1EezOfdM-00099-00033828-00034194": "I have gathered lots of HDR files in the past from different sources", "qIs1EezOfdM-00100-00034248-00034728": "naturally they are separated in different places under the same major folder", "qIs1EezOfdM-00101-00034728-00034853": "jumpingin and out can be cumbersome", "qIs1EezOfdM-00102-00034853-00035139": "is there some wayto check them all on one screen?", "qIs1EezOfdM-00103-00035139-00035244": "well yes", "qIs1EezOfdM-00104-00035244-00035359": "click the number here", "qIs1EezOfdM-00105-00035360-00035716": "and all the contents in the subfolders will be extracted to the same level", "qIs1EezOfdM-00106-00035716-00035918": "this is called 'Folder Flattening'", "qIs1EezOfdM-00107-00035918-00036151": "you can evenflatten the folder twice", "qIs1EezOfdM-00108-00036151-00036558": "which will bring the files in the second-level subfolders to thecurrent level", "qIs1EezOfdM-00109-00036558-00036872": "this can save so much time in so many scenarios", "qIs1EezOfdM-00110-00036872-00037402": "for example you can check alldifferent versions  of renders by flattening your shot's major render folder", "qIs1EezOfdM-00111-00037402-00037602": "or a texture folderetc.", "qIs1EezOfdM-00112-00037602-00038000": "I had once worked on a personal project called 36 days of types", "qIs1EezOfdM-00113-00038000-00038202": "which has paused for a very long time though", "qIs1EezOfdM-00114-00038202-00038381": "each day has its own folder", "qIs1EezOfdM-00115-00038381-00038609": "but now I can just unfold themajor folder", "qIs1EezOfdM-00116-00038609-00038772": "and see everything all at once", "qIs1EezOfdM-00117-00039030-00039298": "Found also has some handy small features", "qIs1EezOfdM-00118-00039298-00039391": "for example", "qIs1EezOfdM-00119-00039391-00039596": "right-clicking a huge-resolution image", "qIs1EezOfdM-00120-00039596-00039763": "you'll find the 'Downscale' command", "qIs1EezOfdM-00121-00039763-00040062": "whichcreates a smaller version with a simple click", "qIs1EezOfdM-00122-00040350-00040713": "Found can also play Image sequences directly", "qIs1EezOfdM-00123-00040713-00041049": "there are more than two hundreds of individual files in this folder", "qIs1EezOfdM-00124-00041049-00041461": "and they're automaticallyrecognized as three groups of image sequences", "qIs1EezOfdM-00125-00041461-00041814": "click one of the sequences and it will play automatically on the right", "qIs1EezOfdM-00126-00041934-00042330": "all the navigation in the preview panel is exactly the same as if it was a video", "qIs1EezOfdM-00127-00042798-00043134": "found is fast enough to play even 4K EXR sequences", "qIs1EezOfdM-00128-00043326-00043710": "the red color in the timeline means that there are missing frames in this sequence", "qIs1EezOfdM-00129-00043866-00044082": "if we invoke the information dialog", "qIs1EezOfdM-00130-00044082-00044411": "wecan check not only the exr info like layers", "qIs1EezOfdM-00131-00044411-00044619": "there are even analyses of frame range", "qIs1EezOfdM-00132-00044619-00044786": "including what frames are missing", "qIs1EezOfdM-00133-00044786-00045264": "and some other useful properties like pixelaspect ratio and the total size of all frames", "qIs1EezOfdM-00134-00045426-00045572": "well there are more than that", "qIs1EezOfdM-00135-00045572-00045901": "if you right-clicka sequence and select \"'Convert to MP4'", "qIs1EezOfdM-00136-00045901-00046240": "a MP4 video file will be generated immediately", "qIs1EezOfdM-00137-00046240-00046449": "without settingany parameters", "qIs1EezOfdM-00138-00046449-00046790": "all the technical stuff was handled automatically under the table", "qIs1EezOfdM-00139-00046790-00047100": "converting imagesequences to a video has never been easier", "qIs1EezOfdM-00140-00047172-00047448": "if you just push down the TAB key on thekeyboard", "qIs1EezOfdM-00141-00047448-00047658": "a quick search bar will show up", "qIs1EezOfdM-00142-00047658-00048180": "here you can type any keywords to find any files instantly as long as it's seen by Found before", "qIs1EezOfdM-00143-00048258-00048573": "that's all for finding and previewing the localassets", "qIs1EezOfdM-00144-00048573-00048796": "now let's take a look at the Collection panel", "qIs1EezOfdM-00145-00048796-00049171": "you can create as many Collections as youwant for any purposes", "qIs1EezOfdM-00146-00049171-00049500": "it's like the 'Pin Board' in Pinterest but offline version", "qIs1EezOfdM-00147-00049500-00049866": "you can put anyassets into one or multiple Collections", "qIs1EezOfdM-00148-00049866-00050098": "they're just shortcuts to original assets", "qIs1EezOfdM-00149-00050098-00050418": "removing assetsin a collection won't affect the original files", "qIs1EezOfdM-00150-00050496-00050941": "let's look at a real-world scenario of how I use the collection to solve my problem", "qIs1EezOfdM-00151-00050960-00051353": "I was invited as a jury member of an online CGcompetition", "qIs1EezOfdM-00152-00051353-00051779": "in which I was asked to pick a few of my favourites from a large group of submitted works", "qIs1EezOfdM-00153-00051779-00052156": "this was the folder I received from the website hosting the competition", "qIs1EezOfdM-00154-00052156-00052312": "so in this case", "qIs1EezOfdM-00155-00052312-00052524": "I will create a new collection name 'selected'", "qIs1EezOfdM-00156-00052776-00052987": "I find this work very attractive", "qIs1EezOfdM-00157-00052987-00053262": "I candrag it all the way down to the Collection", "qIs1EezOfdM-00158-00053874-00054160": "or I can also drag it onto the pop-upCollection menu", "qIs1EezOfdM-00159-00054160-00054448": "just repeat the process a few times", "qIs1EezOfdM-00160-00054448-00054907": "this is how you can reorganize yourlocal assets without touching the original files", "qIs1EezOfdM-00161-00054907-00055395": "in the early case where I showed how to drag and drop video snapshots into a Collection", "qIs1EezOfdM-00162-00055395-00055950": "the images generated were stored in database where you specified when installing Found onto your computer", "qIs1EezOfdM-00163-00056028-00056265": "also if your clipboard has an image", "qIs1EezOfdM-00164-00056265-00056615": "eithercopied from somewhere else or a snapshot of your screen", "qIs1EezOfdM-00165-00056615-00056959": "just Ctrl + V to paste it here as a new image file", "qIs1EezOfdM-00166-00056959-00057252": "we also developed a web browser's plugin", "qIs1EezOfdM-00167-00057252-00057528": "when you have the Found plugin installed", "qIs1EezOfdM-00168-00057528-00057885": "just drag any images on a web page and you will see the pop-up menu", "qIs1EezOfdM-00169-00057885-00058194": "push itupward and release will create a floating image", "qIs1EezOfdM-00170-00058404-00058734": "and you can move it anywhere outside the browser because it's separated", "qIs1EezOfdM-00171-00059196-00059535": "we can also create a new Collection by dragging it down to the bottom", "qIs1EezOfdM-00172-00059535-00059683": "and let's call it 'fantasy'", "qIs1EezOfdM-00173-00059683-00060000": "this way you can grab any images from the websites", "qIs1EezOfdM-00174-00060000-00060169": "for your local reference", "qIs1EezOfdM-00175-00060169-00060298": "alright", "qIs1EezOfdM-00176-00060298-00060624": "this is part of many more features of the first version ofFound", "qIs1EezOfdM-00177-00060624-00060826": "all the features I just showed are free", "qIs1EezOfdM-00178-00060826-00061029": "and will remains free in the future", "qIs1EezOfdM-00179-00061029-00061263": "now you can goto Aalab.com", "qIs1EezOfdM-00180-00061263-00061500": "to download Found and start to try it out yourself", "qIs1EezOfdM-00181-00061500-00061683": "if you have good advice or feedback", "qIs1EezOfdM-00182-00061683-00061925": "please write emails to support@Aalab.com", "qIs1EezOfdM-00183-00061925-00062240": "tell me what you think about it in the comments areadown below the video", "qIs1EezOfdM-00184-00062240-00062507": "don't forget to subscribe and give a thumbs up if you like the software", "qIs1EezOfdM-00185-00062507-00062664": "have a good day and I will see you next time"}}, {"audio_id": "qIC9-9Fri30", "text": {"qIC9-9Fri30-00000-00000112-00000709": "THE MOST SIGNIFICANT RECENT MILE STONE IS THE FACT THAT IT'S OPENED THE REMAINDER OF", "qIC9-9Fri30-00001-00000709-00001354": "MOS'S TO WOMEN THE INFANTRY, THE ARMOR, THE SPECIAL FORCES.", "qIC9-9Fri30-00002-00001354-00001666": "THIS IS SOMETHING THAT'S BEEN IN THE WORKS FOR SOME TIME.", "qIC9-9Fri30-00003-00001666-00002369": "BUT THE FACT THAT NOW ALL MOS'S ARE OPEN TO WOMEN WE SEE IS A VERY POSITIVE THING FOR", "qIC9-9Fri30-00004-00002369-00002498": "RECRUITING.", "qIC9-9Fri30-00005-00002498-00003093": "LATEST NUMBERS I'M TRACKING IS JUST OVER 100 HAVE ACTUALLY ENLISTED INTO THOSE MOS'S.", "qIC9-9Fri30-00006-00003093-00003544": "I THINK THE ARMY'S APPROACH IS THE RIGHT APPROACH WHICH IS THE LEADER FIRST APPROACH.", "qIC9-9Fri30-00007-00003544-00003952": "THERE'S ALREADY BEEN A COUPLE OF OFFICERS BUT THERE WILL BE MORE OFFICERS THIS SUMMER", "qIC9-9Fri30-00008-00003952-00004130": "THAT WILL START THEIR TRAINING.", "qIC9-9Fri30-00009-00004130-00004568": "THEN WE'LL FOLLOW THAT WITH TRAINING FOR NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS THAT HAVE RE-CLASSIFIED.", "qIC9-9Fri30-00010-00004568-00004962": "SO BY THE TIME THEY GET TO THERE UNITS THEY'LL BE ROLE MODELS.", "qIC9-9Fri30-00011-00004962-00005311": "THEY WON'T BE...THEY MIGHT NOT BE IN THEIR SQUAD, THEY MIGHT NOT BE IN THEIR PLATOON", "qIC9-9Fri30-00012-00005311-00005859": "OR COMPANY BUT SOMEWHERE IN THAT FORMATION THERE WILL BE WOMEN AND I THINK THAT IS A", "qIC9-9Fri30-00013-00005859-00005878": "GOOD THING."}}, {"audio_id": "qIIZkT3HW-Y", "text": {"qIIZkT3HW-Y-00000-00000000-00004100": "🌟 🇺🇸 Soldier costume for boy — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "qIVme1b77gg", "text": {"qIVme1b77gg-00000-00000000-00000251": "So, Harada-san.", "qIVme1b77gg-00001-00000324-00000505": "Today, in the small room.", "qIVme1b77gg-00002-00000505-00000712": "Even though today's guests are big.", "qIVme1b77gg-00003-00000783-00000943": "It's small, really narrow.", "qIVme1b77gg-00004-00000943-00001147": "Because we have three men here today.", "qIVme1b77gg-00005-00001147-00001471": "And in this room, all the staff are men too.", "qIVme1b77gg-00006-00001471-00001663": "It's the smell of man, like beasts...", "qIVme1b77gg-00007-00001663-00001976": "Men, men, men, men, men, men men, men.", "qIVme1b77gg-00008-00002070-00002462": "Without further ado, Harada-san, please introduce our guests today.", "qIVme1b77gg-00009-00002462-00002786": "It's better for them to introduce themselves I think.", "qIVme1b77gg-00010-00002786-00002967": "So...", "qIVme1b77gg-00011-00003017-00003286": "Please introduce yourselves.", "qIVme1b77gg-00012-00005498-00005818": "So now let's begin with the first question.", "qIVme1b77gg-00013-00005818-00006246": "Since I've already ask MarkMan this before, we'll just ask Rick.", "qIVme1b77gg-00014-00006246-00006522": "Can you see ghosts?", "qIVme1b77gg-00015-00006522-00006798": "Or maybe have you seen one before?", "qIVme1b77gg-00016-00007353-00007470": "Oh, you can't see them...", "qIVme1b77gg-00017-00007470-00008184": "But family-wise, can your mother or Grandmother see them?", "qIVme1b77gg-00018-00008733-00008881": "That's amazing.", "qIVme1b77gg-00019-00008881-00009450": "Do you personally believe that ghosts exist, or not?", "qIVme1b77gg-00020-00009797-00010057": "I can kind of tell.", "qIVme1b77gg-00021-00010215-00010455": "I see, let's just do the cheers for now.", "qIVme1b77gg-00022-00011220-00011497": "I see...", "qIVme1b77gg-00023-00011512-00012039": "Last time MarkMan was here, I think he said Tasty Steve might be able to see them.", "qIVme1b77gg-00024-00012039-00012385": "Yeah, he did mention maybe Tasty Steve could see.", "qIVme1b77gg-00025-00012385-00012735": "I want to hear some more about that. Why does he think that?", "qIVme1b77gg-00026-00012735-00013026": "I wonder if Rick, or either of you,", "qIVme1b77gg-00027-00013026-00013555": "do you both get the sense he can see them? Have you asked?", "qIVme1b77gg-00028-00016624-00016888": "I think Tasty Steve....", "qIVme1b77gg-00029-00016888-00017452": "was probably in his room, playing games and streaming and", "qIVme1b77gg-00030-00017452-00017884": "just hit his head at some point? Like bam bam.", "qIVme1b77gg-00031-00017884-00018268": "I feel like that's why he is the way he is.", "qIVme1b77gg-00032-00018268-00018396": "Like falling from his seat?", "qIVme1b77gg-00033-00018396-00018593": "Yeah, falling out of his seat.", "qIVme1b77gg-00034-00018593-00018885": "If you move like that all the time, I think you start to see things.", "qIVme1b77gg-00035-00020252-00020440": "So, Steve, hey...", "qIVme1b77gg-00036-00020509-00020857": "Please tell me, can you see ghosts? Or what's up?", "qIVme1b77gg-00037-00020857-00021518": "I've got a feeling you've got the least convincing ghost story in history though.", "qIVme1b77gg-00038-00021518-00021765": "I can't think of anyone else it could be.", "qIVme1b77gg-00039-00021787-00022122": "I really feel like any story he has will fill me with doubt.", "qIVme1b77gg-00040-00022122-00022290": "I'm looking forward to that.", "qIVme1b77gg-00041-00022290-00022474": "But I...", "qIVme1b77gg-00042-00022474-00022841": "I don't know how much of this we can use.", "qIVme1b77gg-00043-00022841-00023080": "I believe...", "qIVme1b77gg-00044-00023129-00023826": "In California, Nevada, like Las Vegas, right?", "qIVme1b77gg-00045-00023841-00024311": "Marijuana is legalized in some states, right?", "qIVme1b77gg-00046-00024389-00024828": "I've never tried it so I don't know, but maybe that's part of it?", "qIVme1b77gg-00047-00024828-00025349": "When Americans talk about ghosts, I can't believe them. They must be high.", "qIVme1b77gg-00048-00025349-00025536": "I wonder if you see ghosts from smoking that.", "qIVme1b77gg-00049-00025908-00026607": "This year's Evo was the first one to happen under the new organization.", "qIVme1b77gg-00050-00026607-00026877": "What were some things you thought went well?", "qIVme1b77gg-00051-00026877-00027212": "Or what were some things you didn't think went well?", "qIVme1b77gg-00052-00027212-00027560": "Also, what were some things you missed", "qIVme1b77gg-00053-00027560-00028003": "or was there something you personally felt you should have done differently?", "qIVme1b77gg-00054-00028003-00028228": "I wanna hear about everything.", "qIVme1b77gg-00055-00044045-00044185": "I see.", "qIVme1b77gg-00056-00044185-00044960": "For me, my first impression at Evo was...", "qIVme1b77gg-00057-00044960-00045455": "A while back here in Japan", "qIVme1b77gg-00058-00045455-00045920": "a brand called Blue Bottle Coffee made it here.", "qIVme1b77gg-00059-00045934-00046575": "And some know-it-all Japanese guy wrote some tweet.", "qIVme1b77gg-00060-00046575-00046834": "He used this keyword people in Japan hate.", "qIVme1b77gg-00061-00046834-00047371": "The tweet said like, \"Congratulations on making it to Japan!\"", "qIVme1b77gg-00062-00047431-00048041": "\"This taste doesn't taste off, which I believe is a sign of success.\"", "qIVme1b77gg-00063-00048041-00048244": "Some guy wrote that.", "qIVme1b77gg-00064-00048244-00048416": "\"Doesn't feel off.\"", "qIVme1b77gg-00065-00048416-00049029": "\"Whether it's Japan or the West Coast, you can enjoy the same taste.\"", "qIVme1b77gg-00066-00049029-00049517": "\"That's the success of Blue Bottle Coffee.\"", "qIVme1b77gg-00067-00049517-00049988": "This guy, who's trying really hard to come off as interesting.", "qIVme1b77gg-00068-00049988-00050320": "And the first thing I thought of Evo was that tweet.", "qIVme1b77gg-00069-00050320-00050969": "Evo moved under a new organization but, and I mean this in a good way, it didn't feel off.", "qIVme1b77gg-00070-00050969-00051444": "I mentioned this before about the arcade area, that did feel out of place.", "qIVme1b77gg-00071-00051444-00051698": "Even though I thought it was cool.", "qIVme1b77gg-00072-00051698-00051857": "You guys put a lot of work into it.", "qIVme1b77gg-00073-00051857-00052406": "But overall, it didn't feel off which was relieving for me.", "qIVme1b77gg-00074-00052406-00053074": "By the way, Blue Bottle Coffee does adjust the taste for each region.", "qIVme1b77gg-00075-00053074-00053778": "So if you drink a Blue Bottle Coffee from Japan", "qIVme1b77gg-00076-00053778-00054300": "it tastes different from the west coast. So it should taste off, you know?", "qIVme1b77gg-00077-00060246-00060657": "A food MarkMan wanted to eat, shrimp with mayonnaise has arrived.", "qIVme1b77gg-00078-00060885-00061129": "Yes, MarkMan seems pleased.", "qIVme1b77gg-00079-00061201-00061374": "Delicious.", "qIVme1b77gg-00080-00061807-00062108": "On the other hand...", "qIVme1b77gg-00081-00062157-00062830": "Michael and I were very busy at the venue so...", "qIVme1b77gg-00082-00062835-00063446": "I didn't have much time to hear the community's opinions at the venue.", "qIVme1b77gg-00083-00063446-00064091": "I assume, Rick and MarkMan, got a lot of feedback from the community.", "qIVme1b77gg-00084-00064091-00064559": "What was the community's response to this year, or the feedback from Evo?", "qIVme1b77gg-00085-00076388-00076679": "We heard that before, about the amount of participants...", "qIVme1b77gg-00086-00076679-00077274": "Yeah, we have a lot of information so, I wasn't all that surprised.", "qIVme1b77gg-00087-00077654-00077889": "Since I'm a BANDAI NAMCO person,", "qIVme1b77gg-00088-00077889-00078601": "I wanted to see more entries for DragonBall FighterZ.", "qIVme1b77gg-00089-00079220-00079386": "Should we have said it earlier?", "qIVme1b77gg-00090-00079516-00079897": "I wonder if we had announced it earlier...", "qIVme1b77gg-00091-00079949-00080496": "The stage Hiroki, the producer, had the announcement on was pretty small.", "qIVme1b77gg-00092-00080496-00080780": "I wanted to announce that on the main stage.", "qIVme1b77gg-00093-00087519-00087886": "I see, one more thing...", "qIVme1b77gg-00094-00087965-00088196": "Personally...", "qIVme1b77gg-00095-00088196-00088506": "this is sort of unrelated to you two but...", "qIVme1b77gg-00096-00088506-00089073": "If they would have consulted us earlier before the big Evo reveal...", "qIVme1b77gg-00097-00089073-00089761": "Since we were the ones who provided the development team for Smash Bros.", "qIVme1b77gg-00098-00089761-00090174": "we might have been able to get it into Evo", "qIVme1b77gg-00099-00090174-00090692": "if we had some time to negotiate with Nintendo.", "qIVme1b77gg-00100-00090692-00091052": "In the future, if it's possible...", "qIVme1b77gg-00101-00091056-00091635": "I hope to get Smash Bros. in so I'd personally like to negotiate with Nintendo.", "qIVme1b77gg-00102-00091635-00091907": "What do you guys think?", "qIVme1b77gg-00103-00092555-00093003": "Well, personally...", "qIVme1b77gg-00104-00093023-00093254": "I really want Sakurai-san to go too.", "qIVme1b77gg-00105-00093254-00093705": "If Sakurai-san goes, it would be crazy.", "qIVme1b77gg-00106-00093705-00094115": "Even Ono-san and I aren't able to just walk around casually there.", "qIVme1b77gg-00107-00094115-00094676": "Every single person would be stopping him to take a picture with him.", "qIVme1b77gg-00108-00094676-00095018": "I can already hear him saying, \"Harada-san! What is this?!\"", "qIVme1b77gg-00109-00095018-00095556": "Being able to see his troubled face, that's what I want to see.", "qIVme1b77gg-00110-00095697-00096159": "So that is why I would like Smash Bros", "qIVme1b77gg-00111-00096159-00096453": "to make it into Evo,", "qIVme1b77gg-00112-00096453-00096997": "so that I can force Sakurai-san to come along.", "qIVme1b77gg-00113-00096997-00097639": "So then I can show him how us game devs at Evo,", "qIVme1b77gg-00114-00097639-00098001": "I can show him the kind of treatment we get there.", "qIVme1b77gg-00115-00098001-00098168": "I want him to experience that.", "qIVme1b77gg-00116-00098168-00098534": "The thing I really want him to experience is going to the restroom...", "qIVme1b77gg-00117-00098534-00099212": "You know this? When I go to the restroom and stand in front of a urinal to pee.", "qIVme1b77gg-00118-00099212-00099769": "Even when we're peeing, people turn and go, \"Oh, Mr. Harada!\"", "qIVme1b77gg-00119-00099769-00100450": "They ask to shake hands there in the restroom, I want to see Sakurai-san's reaction.", "qIVme1b77gg-00120-00100450-00100885": "You know, that's really troubling by the way.", "qIVme1b77gg-00121-00100885-00101418": "Usually you wash their hands, then go out and then ask for hand shakes or pictures.", "qIVme1b77gg-00122-00101418-00101774": "But I don't think Sakurai has ever experienced something like that,", "qIVme1b77gg-00123-00101774-00102071": "so I would really like him to go to Evo and say please go to the toilet.", "qIVme1b77gg-00124-00102071-00102694": "I want to be the one to tell him, \"Try and use the restroom just like you normally would.\"", "qIVme1b77gg-00125-00106142-00106729": "Evo is the sort of event that doesn't have a \"No pictures\" atmosphere though.", "qIVme1b77gg-00126-00106838-00107065": "So he won't be able to deny requests there.", "qIVme1b77gg-00127-00107065-00107493": "He'll be surrounded by big guys that just throw their arm around him.", "qIVme1b77gg-00128-00108696-00109146": "I think Sakurai-san...", "qIVme1b77gg-00129-00109146-00109441": "I don't think he's ever signed for people 6 hours straight.", "qIVme1b77gg-00130-00109441-00109874": "I want to make him do that. A never ending session.", "qIVme1b77gg-00131-00109874-00110043": "I want to do something like that.", "qIVme1b77gg-00132-00110563-00110802": "I'll go back to some more serious talks.", "qIVme1b77gg-00133-00110802-00111192": "Was there any trouble happening behind the scenes?", "qIVme1b77gg-00134-00111192-00111658": "Something that nobody knows about that maybe made you panic?", "qIVme1b77gg-00135-00121276-00121684": "I see. So there was some equipment trouble.", "qIVme1b77gg-00136-00121684-00121873": "Was there...", "qIVme1b77gg-00137-00121972-00122354": "anything else other than equipment that...", "qIVme1b77gg-00138-00122399-00122848": "caused some kind of fight or something?", "qIVme1b77gg-00139-00122848-00123182": "Like a fight between players or something?", "qIVme1b77gg-00140-00123182-00123355": "Is there something we don't know?", "qIVme1b77gg-00141-00124592-00124695": "Oh, I see.", "qIVme1b77gg-00142-00124695-00125314": "I experienced one thing that was different from past Evos.", "qIVme1b77gg-00143-00125314-00125629": "Michael and I watched from the VIP box and noticed this.", "qIVme1b77gg-00144-00125629-00126215": "When you sit somewhere high in the venue like the VIP box,", "qIVme1b77gg-00145-00126215-00126616": "I think maybe the whole screen was high?", "qIVme1b77gg-00146-00126616-00126930": "Right? The crane was low, maybe not the crane...", "qIVme1b77gg-00147-00126930-00127541": "The area with the frame, the area that has all the lighting...", "qIVme1b77gg-00148-00127541-00127730": "There's a rail, right?", "qIVme1b77gg-00149-00127730-00128198": "I don't know if the projector was too high or what but", "qIVme1b77gg-00150-00128198-00128504": "the life bars on the screen were hidden behind it.", "qIVme1b77gg-00151-00128504-00129044": "You know most fighting games have the life bar at the top of the screen.", "qIVme1b77gg-00152-00129044-00129601": "Because of that all the people who were sitting in high areas of the venue had to", "qIVme1b77gg-00153-00129601-00129889": "all lean sideways like this to watch.", "qIVme1b77gg-00154-00129889-00130154": "So could you guys do something about that next year?", "qIVme1b77gg-00155-00133750-00134154": "So while Michael and I were there...", "qIVme1b77gg-00156-00134154-00134546": "That TEKKEN 8 teaser was actually...", "qIVme1b77gg-00157-00134546-00135226": "Well it wasn't revealed as TEKKEN 8 yet, but after the TEKKEN World Tour trailer we had a teaser.", "qIVme1b77gg-00158-00135226-00135832": "We had the TEKKEN 7 Update trailer and then the TEKKEN 8 teaser.", "qIVme1b77gg-00159-00135832-00136189": "What was actually supposed to happen at the time was...", "qIVme1b77gg-00160-00136194-00136838": "Michael and I were supposed to go to the broadcast area and talk.", "qIVme1b77gg-00161-00136838-00137083": "But at the time...", "qIVme1b77gg-00162-00137118-00137767": "there were only two headsets available.", "qIVme1b77gg-00163-00137774-00138433": "They weren't sure if the wireless mics they gave Michael and me were working.", "qIVme1b77gg-00164-00138433-00139053": "Actually, this was a problem these two didn't know about, only Michael and I did.", "qIVme1b77gg-00165-00139053-00139620": "At the time I think Rip and Steve were there, at the broadcast desk.", "qIVme1b77gg-00166-00139620-00140186": "Rip, MarkMan and Steve were there at the broadcast desk.", "qIVme1b77gg-00167-00140186-00140690": "Michael and I were sitting in the stadium a little ways away...", "qIVme1b77gg-00168-00140725-00141026": "We had to rush in", "qIVme1b77gg-00169-00141026-00141500": "right when the trailer was gonna finish, we needed to be there.", "qIVme1b77gg-00170-00141500-00141938": "You two know how crazy that broadcast space was, right?", "qIVme1b77gg-00171-00141938-00142091": "You couldn't just walk over there.", "qIVme1b77gg-00172-00142091-00142776": "There's was a thin wooden bridge you had to cross to get to the platform", "qIVme1b77gg-00173-00142776-00143000": "and there was a huge gap between.", "qIVme1b77gg-00174-00143000-00143509": "The gap was so wide that if you fell, you wouldn't be able to get back up.", "qIVme1b77gg-00175-00143509-00143893": "It was a high surface, and there was the wood bridge.", "qIVme1b77gg-00176-00143893-00144595": "Lots of staff members had to walk through there, I'm sure you guys remember too.", "qIVme1b77gg-00177-00144596-00144964": "Right before Michael and I were about to go...", "qIVme1b77gg-00178-00145024-00145487": "A staff member walked over the walkway and...", "qIVme1b77gg-00179-00145487-00145731": "There was like a huge snapping sound!", "qIVme1b77gg-00180-00145731-00146263": "The walkway completely broke.", "qIVme1b77gg-00181-00146263-00146606": "So we couldn't get across to get over there.", "qIVme1b77gg-00182-00146606-00147053": "So when we had to rush in, it was a hassle, we had to like...", "qIVme1b77gg-00183-00147053-00147724": "grab onto a handrail and swing like Tarzan to jump to it.", "qIVme1b77gg-00184-00147730-00148068": "So we made it on stage, but that was a problem we had.", "qIVme1b77gg-00185-00149170-00149417": "That was so tough.", "qIVme1b77gg-00186-00149417-00149555": "I was shocked.", "qIVme1b77gg-00187-00154473-00154643": "Yeah, even I wondered about that...", "qIVme1b77gg-00188-00154643-00155159": "Like why were the shadows all triangles?", "qIVme1b77gg-00189-00155159-00155499": "But apparently, it was on purpose. So when...", "qIVme1b77gg-00190-00155499-00155986": "a person from the game industry looks at that, the polygons look like low polygons.", "qIVme1b77gg-00191-00155986-00156287": "When the models have low amount of polygons that's what happens", "qIVme1b77gg-00192-00156287-00156567": "So the quality doesn't look that good.", "qIVme1b77gg-00193-00156567-00156770": "I told them I couldn't stop noticing it,", "qIVme1b77gg-00194-00156770-00157026": "and they said that was their aim.", "qIVme1b77gg-00195-00157026-00157428": "Because seeing a triangular shadow leaves an impression doesn't it?", "qIVme1b77gg-00196-00157428-00157860": "It may be an animation or drama,", "qIVme1b77gg-00197-00157860-00158093": "but they wanted to have a characteristic somehow.", "qIVme1b77gg-00198-00158093-00158847": "So for TEKKEN, they made that shadow a triangle on purpose for impact.", "qIVme1b77gg-00199-00158847-00159292": "That was something the director was trying to aim for.", "qIVme1b77gg-00200-00159695-00159795": "I see...", "qIVme1b77gg-00201-00163653-00164124": "I mean when it comes to fighting game movies... they almost have to be trash.", "qIVme1b77gg-00202-00164134-00164533": "MarkMan and Rick might not know this.", "qIVme1b77gg-00203-00164533-00164912": "So for the Mortal Kombat movie and other Hollywood movies", "qIVme1b77gg-00204-00164912-00165250": "when they release them in Japanese, they release them across all of Japan.", "qIVme1b77gg-00205-00165250-00165403": "Oh, MarkMan does know about this.", "qIVme1b77gg-00206-00165403-00165839": "This isn't a very American thing but here they have these pamphlets and leaflets.", "qIVme1b77gg-00207-00165839-00166133": "They sell them for 700 yen or something in Japan.", "qIVme1b77gg-00208-00166207-00166723": "They sell them for all the movies. Like these booklets or guidebooks.", "qIVme1b77gg-00209-00166723-00167362": "Inside the official guidebooks, there's usually a summary.", "qIVme1b77gg-00210-00167362-00167994": "For the Mortal Kombat movie's guidebook, they had a featured reviewer", "qIVme1b77gg-00211-00167994-00168257": "that they put in there, and it was me.", "qIVme1b77gg-00212-00168257-00168361": "Rick probably doesn't know.", "qIVme1b77gg-00213-00168986-00169181": "Hey, Ed Boon...", "qIVme1b77gg-00214-00169181-00169884": "I've been helping with the promotion of Mortal Kombat in Japan, as a rival sort of...", "qIVme1b77gg-00215-00169884-00170060": "So please remember that.", "qIVme1b77gg-00216-00170585-00170785": "The rating gives them some trouble with sales here.", "qIVme1b77gg-00217-00170785-00171107": "Yeah, there should be a way to do it though.", "qIVme1b77gg-00218-00171107-00171362": "There was a time the ratings were really strict.", "qIVme1b77gg-00219-00171362-00171759": "They couldn't sell it normally, but you could import it.", "qIVme1b77gg-00220-00171759-00172012": "I don't think they did localization either.", "qIVme1b77gg-00221-00172012-00172196": "Also...", "qIVme1b77gg-00222-00172254-00172809": "We'll bleep out the stuff we shouldn't talk about so what I wanted to ask...", "qIVme1b77gg-00223-00173212-00173937": "Whenever I watch Hollywood movies or dramas...", "qIVme1b77gg-00224-00173937-00174203": "There's always something about overdosing.", "qIVme1b77gg-00225-00174203-00174796": "Or someone has some party where they do something stupid and break things, right?", "qIVme1b77gg-00226-00174796-00174956": "In Las Vegas, you know?", "qIVme1b77gg-00227-00174956-00175507": "In the Evo fighting game community, is there a guy that's actually like that?", "qIVme1b77gg-00228-00175507-00175900": "Maybe a guy in the shadows? I personally think there has to be a person like that.", "qIVme1b77gg-00229-00175900-00176205": "But what about in realty? I mean...", "qIVme1b77gg-00230-00176218-00176552": "other than tournaments and such like...", "qIVme1b77gg-00231-00176552-00177043": "outside the game, are there any troubles that happened? Have you heard any?", "qIVme1b77gg-00232-00182226-00182574": "I have a more gruesome image I think...", "qIVme1b77gg-00233-00182574-00183233": "I mean like sniffing cocaine using a razor, like that image.", "qIVme1b77gg-00234-00183309-00183524": "I thought there would be people like that.", "qIVme1b77gg-00235-00183525-00183757": "Like in South Park.", "qIVme1b77gg-00236-00183757-00184001": "I have that kind of an image, no one does that?", "qIVme1b77gg-00237-00184597-00184919": "Are you sure? I would think that someone would do that though.", "qIVme1b77gg-00238-00186580-00186684": "This is the sauce.", "qIVme1b77gg-00239-00186684-00186840": "First, the regular sauce.", "qIVme1b77gg-00240-00188069-00188545": "By the way, having Virtua Fighter at Evo,", "qIVme1b77gg-00241-00188545-00188966": "I thought would have been good to have at Las Vegas.", "qIVme1b77gg-00242-00188966-00189225": "I mean, Virtua Fighter players,", "qIVme1b77gg-00243-00189225-00189795": "I'm sure they hope the Virtua Fighter scene really blows up.", "qIVme1b77gg-00244-00189971-00190609": "The number of entries and stuff like that doesn't matter.", "qIVme1b77gg-00245-00190609-00190982": "This is something that I can just sense...", "qIVme1b77gg-00246-00190982-00191224": "I'm not representing Virtua Fighter in any way.", "qIVme1b77gg-00247-00191224-00191469": "Since I'm actually their enemy.", "qIVme1b77gg-00248-00191469-00191817": "They probably don't even what me to say this.", "qIVme1b77gg-00249-00191817-00192129": "One thing I can say about the Virtua Fighter community...", "qIVme1b77gg-00250-00192129-00192418": "they want hope.", "qIVme1b77gg-00251-00192418-00192671": "They just want hope for the future.", "qIVme1b77gg-00252-00192671-00193083": "And that isn't even about Evo.", "qIVme1b77gg-00253-00193083-00193681": "But Aoki-san from SEGA said, \"There's a next.\"", "qIVme1b77gg-00254-00193681-00194064": "He should show us, \"There will be a next Virtua Fighter.\"", "qIVme1b77gg-00255-00194064-00194461": "If you say it specifically, it doesn't need to be next year or the year after...", "qIVme1b77gg-00256-00194461-00195076": "Even if it's 5 or 6 years later, as long if it suggests there's a new game...", "qIVme1b77gg-00257-00195076-00195412": "I really think it's a matter of that, for the Virtua Fighter Community.", "qIVme1b77gg-00258-00195412-00196092": "This isn't about the idea like whether it got in for Evo or not."}}, {"audio_id": "qJ7udLx2U2Y", "text": {"qJ7udLx2U2Y-00000-00000254-00003993": "Portugal finally won to silence Israel with a score of 4-0 playing on the Portuguese stadium", "qJ7udLx2U2Y-00001-00003993-00004093": "field Thursday morning.", "qJ7udLx2U2Y-00002-00004093-00005351": "The first goal was scored by Bruno Bernardes and the second who else if not the Juventus", "qJ7udLx2U2Y-00003-00005351-00005604": "superstar Cristiano Ronaldo.", "qJ7udLx2U2Y-00004-00005604-00006483": ".. Cristiano's goal came from Bruno Bernardes' pass from the left corner then Cristiano threw", "qJ7udLx2U2Y-00005-00006483-00007459": "a hard shot from the left corner of the goal Well here there is something unexpected after", "qJ7udLx2U2Y-00006-00007459-00008034": "the first half is over and the referee blows the whistle, there is a player from one of", "qJ7udLx2U2Y-00007-00008034-00008134": "Israel approaching Ronaldo.", "qJ7udLx2U2Y-00008-00008134-00009187": "then asked to exchange jersey and ronaldo was willing to give it, ...and change his", "qJ7udLx2U2Y-00009-00009187-00010008": "clothes and take it off and give it to the israel player Even though in the past, CR7", "qJ7udLx2U2Y-00010-00010008-00010509": "had refused to give shirts to Israeli players...", "qJ7udLx2U2Y-00011-00010509-00011278": "Finally, in the 70th minute, CR7 was replaced by the coach because Ronaldo seemed tired."}}, {"audio_id": "qJhUyWaxRXU", "text": {"qJhUyWaxRXU-00000-00000024-00000448": "My perspective—is how i see things. It's completely", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00001-00000448-00001592": "changed since i began worshiping the Holy host as the Lord my God", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00002-00002744-00003152": "that's why i keep sharing these things i'm trying to build myself up saying all better i've been", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00003-00003152-00003944": "around a long time i've been preaching from this bible for a long time i know all the doctrines", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00004-00003944-00004744": "i've preached most of them and i'm telling you that this worshiping him as god will radically", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00005-00004744-00005296": "change you to the degree you don't even know what you were doing before that's how good it is", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00006-00005584-00006008": "use of the words i worship you holy ghost i was given those words", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00007-00006008-00006688": "what do you want me to not tell you them he said use these words so i use them what do you mean", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00008-00006688-00007184": "use them what somebody says use words what are you gonna do with them you're gonna say them", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00009-00007384-00007928": "say his words i worship you holy god and i preached them and i preached them and i", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00010-00007928-00008368": "preached them and i preached them some more and i said them and i said them and i preached them", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00011-00008368-00009168": "some more and i'm telling you from experience it has done things to me and for me that nothing", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00012-00009168-00010232": "else can or will it has completely completely changed my thinking my believing and my living", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00013-00010360-00010864": "i'm different now you know i say that people go oh yeah you mean when you got saved", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00014-00010864-00011760": "no i was saved for like 25 30 years in the ministry preaching this has changed me from that", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00015-00011880-00012520": "that guy who i used to like now i don't know i don't like him that much anymore but that's okay", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00016-00012520-00013088": "i'm going to the future who takes you to the future we went over this holy ghost takes you", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00017-00013088-00014184": "to the future you get a holy ghost train takes to the future what's the future of my ministry", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00018-00014263-00014384": "what's the future of my business", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00019-00014600-00014856": "holy ghost who's good he's going to take you there", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00020-00015112-00015584": "why do you think i worship him because he's so good", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00021-00015736-00016296": "and i'm not talking about the gifts of the spirit i'm not talking about the anointing he gives gifts", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00022-00016296-00017336": "he gives anointings but he is god and he's with me and the closer you're with him the better", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00023-00017416-00018104": "you still here use of the words i worship you holy ghost will completely transform your life", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00024-00018104-00019000": "if you don't use them not so much you can go on the way you were i love you anyway right i have to", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00025-00019200-00019432": "you're not stopping me i've come too far", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00026-00019560-00019928": "i'm in the pool swimming don't come up and tell me there's no water in there", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00027-00020400-00020920": "too late for me and i'm never going back i'm telling you i'm never going back", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00028-00020920-00021304": "i will never go back i used to be back there i know what it was like", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00029-00021304-00021584": "but i'm now in the future i've never said that before", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00030-00022048-00022432": "i'm in the future i'm speaking to you", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00031-00022432-00022856": "from your future look at me to see what your future looks like", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00032-00023104-00023720": "i'm telling you worshiping him will radically change your life your situation your bible", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00033-00023864-00024552": "preachers that preach for 20 years should know their bible am i right i started worshiping the", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00034-00024552-00024936": "holy ghost i got a brand new one it says things completely differently now okay", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00035-00025056-00025536": "how'd that happen and i'm still reading the same one king james", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00036-00025976-00026576": "but i use the words i worship you holy ghost and i've been obedient and i am faithful", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00037-00026727-00027095": "i'm faithful because i'm using these words and i'm preaching these words", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00038-00027095-00027416": "and hopefully listen you're going to use them and things are going to start happening", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00039-00027560-00027872": "say i'm going to use them and things are going to start happening", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00040-00028048-00028360": "now the first thing that's going to happen is your head's going to say don't do that", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00041-00028439-00028888": "don't worship the holy ghost you're not supposed to do that shut up devil", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00042-00029120-00029752": "that devil's trying to tell me not to worship god the holy ghost right but i'm not the same", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00043-00029848-00030288": "and if you can hear it you can have it hearing is a key to entrance", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00044-00030439-00030895": "if you can get people to hear then they can have what they're hearing jesus said it all", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00045-00030895-00031736": "the time he uses the ears to hear let him hear amen by the way preaching is a diversity of", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00046-00031736-00032383": "operations it will do something that nothing else will do it's the foolishness of preaching", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00047-00032544-00033096": "because we're speaking words by the spirit of god and if you hear them they will take you to", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00048-00033096-00033912": "where those words came from say where those words came from they're coming from me right now with", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00049-00033912-00034488": "the holy ghost and i stand in this place as a holy ghost worshiper because he's god he's the one that", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00050-00034488-00035184": "jesus sent into the earth i'm saying them to you and you can do with them whatever you want to do", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00051-00035360-00035976": "so did you get that the diversities of operations is something that does something different", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00052-00036032-00036584": "diversities mean different of operations it operates differently it does something different", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00053-00036816-00037256": "worshiping the holy ghost is a diversity of operations and it will do something", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00054-00037256-00038200": "different for you that nothing else will i am called to make you holy ghost worshipers", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00055-00038504-00038936": "i never heard it before no kidding most people have never heard this before", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00056-00039080-00039752": "it's just hidden from religious dogma that says you shouldn't go there john 4 24 we won't turn", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00057-00039752-00040848": "there just because i've got so much to do but john 4 24 says god is a spirit and they that worship", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00058-00040920-00041528": "him must worship him in spirit and truth everybody knows this verse of scripture god is a spirit who", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00059-00041528-00042344": "is the god who is a spirit the holy ghost is god he is a spirit obviously it's in his name", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00060-00042688-00043344": "god is a spirit they that worship him i am a they that worship him you're looking at one", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00061-00043344-00044024": "come on i am they say i am a they that worship him god the spirit", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00062-00044232-00045000": "i say this i do this i'm scriptural maybe you are in the years write this down remember you're", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00063-00045000-00046008": "in school in the year 3000 i mean 325 a.d there was uh this document called the nicean creed", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00064-00046112-00046888": "preachers should know about this nicean i believe it's n-i-c-e-a uh n-i-c-e-n-e creed", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00065-00047032-00047464": "and it's when the our you know our four five five fathers how many fathers there were they", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00066-00047464-00048360": "got together and they wrote what was going to be considered orthodox dogma this is what", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00067-00048360-00048824": "a real believer believes and you go and you read it you're like yep i believe that i believe that", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00068-00048824-00049208": "i believe that i believe that i believe that i believe that i believe that jesus was raised from", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00069-00049208-00049552": "the dead he bore our sins according to scriptures rose on the third day all these things he has a", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00070-00049552-00050264": "father in heaven and then the last line it says and we believe in the holy ghost that was it", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00071-00050400-00050752": "so they're talking about the father they're talking about jesus and they're talking about", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00072-00050752-00051391": "the holy ghost all god right are you here i'm trying to lead you up to something follow me", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00073-00051536-00052224": "they laid out what was considered orthodoxy then in the year 381", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00074-00052384-00053016": "looks like 50 some 56 years later the first council of constantinople", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00075-00053104-00053824": "met and they refined it further you know how when you've lived for 50 years you go you know what", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00076-00053944-00054288": "we need to make a few adjustments they didn't change any of the", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00077-00054288-00054784": "of the facts but one of the big things they did was they said", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00078-00054991-00055432": "they expounded this part where they just said the holy ghost we believe in the holy ghost", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00079-00055496-00056255": "they expounded this belief and expanded and said believing in him the holy ghost as the lord", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00080-00056255-00057055": "and giver of life who is to be worshipped the lord and giver of life the spirit the", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00081-00057055-00057872": "holy ghost talking about the holy ghost who is to be worshiped the forefathers in 381 a.d", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00082-00057960-00058567": "all agreed that the holy ghost was god they called him the lord and giver of life and they said he", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00083-00058567-00059391": "is to be worshipped that was a while back this is what was considered orthodoxy are you here", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00084-00059632-00060384": "my calling him the holy ghost lord giver of life and worshiping him", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00085-00060448-00061296": "is orthodoxy straight up this is what the the disciples believed are you here they", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00086-00061296-00061912": "knew he was god he gave him the earth they worshipped him is this funny i'm not sure i", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00087-00061912-00062512": "thought i'd throw that out there it makes us look scholarly here since you'll be in school right", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00088-00062720-00062928": "well jesus called the spirit lord", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00089-00063040-00064072": "he called the holy ghost lord when jesus was on the earth he say he jesus called the spirit", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00090-00064144-00064784": "lord who do you think he followed who do you think he obeyed let's look at it luke chapter 4", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00091-00064912-00065728": "luke chapter 4 verse 18 the spirit of the lord is upon me because he has anointed me", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00092-00065784-00066504": "the anointing wasn't the spirit lord right he anointed him and he he anointed him to preach", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00093-00066504-00067160": "the gospel to the poor he hath sent me now this is a whole other message i can go on through show you", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00094-00067160-00067592": "throughout the scriptures that is the holy ghost who sets people into offices", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00095-00067592-00068632": "he sends them the apostles in acts chapter 13 were sent forth by the holy ghost he said separate me", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00096-00068632-00069120": "barnabas and saul for the work we're unto i have called them holy ghost are you here", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00097-00069240-00070184": "who did it holy ghost god in the earth if i make more radical gestures will you believe me", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00098-00070328-00070768": "jesus called him lord and the reason i say that is it says the spirit of the lord but", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00099-00070768-00071280": "the words of the are added in there so that we can i suppose misinterpret it", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00100-00071504-00072360": "because the greek just says the spirit lord the spirit lord is upon me go back to verse 8", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00101-00072568-00073744": "thou shalt worship the lord thy god and him only shalt thou serve say him only", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00102-00073872-00074584": "shalt thou serve who said this who is jesus serving in verse 17", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00103-00074744-00075272": "the spirit lord was upon me because he's anointed me and he sent me and i'm serving him are you here", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00104-00075456-00076136": "thou shalt worship the lord thy god and him only serve say him", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00105-00076248-00077208": "only serve you know who's not doing this just about everybody everybody in this room", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00106-00077208-00077952": "him only serve him who holy ghost see people don't like it when you get that up close and personal", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00107-00077952-00078824": "but i like it thou shalt worship the lord thy god and him only shalt thou serve i do this my", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00108-00078824-00079840": "perspective has changed my perspective is how i see things it's completely changed since i began", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00109-00079840-00080992": "worshiping the holy ghost as the lord my god and i shall worship the lord my god and him only serve", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00110-00080992-00081576": "and in the only if you can hear it in the only is everything that's when things break open for you", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00111-00081984-00083008": "my perspective has changed and is changing when i do this say when i do this when i", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00112-00083008-00083752": "do it i begin to enter into the benefits and one of the benefits is that my perspective changes", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00113-00084120-00084872": "my perspective has changed but even now it changes i'm different today than i was yesterday", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00114-00084936-00085672": "i'm here from the future i have learned say learned i have learned", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00115-00085672-00086512": "to worship the holy ghost as god i have pushed past the naysayers that say nay", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00116-00086736-00087432": "one of which lived right here mr naysayer he was naysayer", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00117-00087432-00087912": "before i began speaking in tongues about tongues wasn't he we don't i don't know", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00118-00088208-00088432": "yeah but that guy's gone now right", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00119-00088696-00089344": "my perspective has grown my perspective has changed since i've learned to worship", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00120-00089344-00089928": "him the holy ghost the spirit lord as god are you here", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00121-00090048-00090728": "don't say nay let's just read that verse of scripture again thou shalt worship the lord", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00122-00090728-00091584": "thy god and him only shalt thou sir if you if you knew him as god you would worship him as god", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00123-00091688-00092264": "how can you know him as god if you weren't exposed to him being god right", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00124-00092488-00092928": "you're being exposed to the holy ghost being the only god in the earth today", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00125-00093224-00093712": "and him only serve and you you don't see the only you don't see the serving part until you", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00126-00093712-00094192": "do the first part of the verse why does everybody want the second part of the verse before they do", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00127-00094192-00094816": "the first part of the verse i mean i'm telling you that in the only is literally everything", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00128-00095064-00095712": "but you have to do the first part of the verse thou shalt worship the lord thy god and him", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00129-00095712-00096304": "only serve and if i'm gonna just only serve him that means everything has to be in there", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00130-00096408-00097000": "have you hit the wall can you take some more you like i think i'm just about full", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00131-00097304-00097744": "you know like when you're eating thanksgiving dinner until somebody brings the pie", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00132-00097744-00098184": "and you're like yeah i'll have a slice yeah give me one of those give me one of those two", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00133-00098408-00098792": "you don't have to like me but i have to say these things", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00134-00098888-00099584": "he says tell them are you ready i don't know bobby", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00135-00099792-00100856": "tell them that i am the only god in the earth today there is no one else there is no other", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00136-00100944-00101624": "yeah on the day of pentecost we are in that dispensation i know you want to be in some other", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00137-00101624-00102464": "dispensation me too i want to walk with jesus and skip while holding hands but you're not in that", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00138-00102464-00103480": "dispensation jesus has left and sent another and if you want to benefit fully in this dispensation", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00139-00103480-00104304": "you are going to walk with him the spirit lord god in the earth today worship him speak in", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00140-00104304-00104856": "agreement with his word and watch the things he will do for you that he won't do for other people", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00141-00104968-00105376": "i meet people all the time i know he's not doing what he's doing for me he's them they're", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00142-00105376-00106583": "like how do you get him to do it for use is they gotta talk like this and then he does it for me", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00143-00106704-00107008": "can you handle this just let me let me finish this one section just literally", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00144-00107008-00107600": "i have three sections this is two sections you know how it is right you're on all these notes", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00145-00107600-00108096": "you told me you know i've only got one time here i don't have three time slots i've got", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00146-00108096-00108776": "this one so you're getting three time slots crammed into one and i go", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00147-00109000-00109816": "acts chapter 1 verse 11. tell them i'm the only god near today and i'm telling you", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00148-00109816-00110783": "it's key this is a key this is a key this is a key this is a key", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00149-00110840-00111511": "what's the key this he's the only god in the earth today has god ever been big on", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00150-00111511-00112183": "that being the only god yeah yeah you ever remember the commandments there right yeah", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00151-00112408-00113000": "i think excuse my french or whatever it is i think it pisses him off", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00152-00113056-00113383": "when we don't call him the only god in the earth today", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00153-00113535-00114008": "there is no other there are scriptures that say god looked around and i saw no one else", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00154-00114328-00114776": "isaiah something he looked around you look it up later write it down you can look it up later he", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00155-00114776-00115616": "looked around he saw no other god besides him who would do that in the earth today there's", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00156-00115616-00115976": "only one god in the earth today when the holy ghost came into the earth he could actually", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00157-00115976-00116696": "stand up and look around and see nobody else that's a god like him in the earth are you here", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00158-00116911-00117544": "tell them i'm the only god in the earth is that okay yes what's the big deal", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00159-00117624-00117880": "what's the big deal with him being the only god in the earth today", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00160-00118048-00118424": "stop doing all this other stuff worship the only god", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00161-00118496-00119120": "and how do you do it how do you do it you open your mouth and you say i worship you holy ghost", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00162-00119120-00119935": "you use those words and those words listen will gain you entrance to a place in the kingdom of god", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00163-00119935-00120583": "and the person of the holy ghost where nothing else can or will you will be totally transformed", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00164-00120648-00121168": "your life will be completely changed to the point where you don't even know what", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00165-00121168-00121935": "you were doing before and then you'll stand up in front of people like me waving your hands around", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00166-00121935-00122511": "and telling them to worship the holy ghost as god is the only god in the earth today get it", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00167-00122511-00123192": "straight i say that a lot get it straight people don't have it straight people got it squirrely", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00168-00123296-00123824": "crooked and then you know i come in and i straighten it out and they think i'm they", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00169-00123824-00124583": "think i'm crazy and squirrely but they were already twisted did i tell you acts chapter one", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00170-00125176-00125288": "you guys are from the future", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00171-00125720-00126040": "acts chapter one and this is after jesus was raised from the dead", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00172-00126096-00126592": "act chapter 1 verse 9 and when he had spoken he jesus when he had spoken these things", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00173-00126696-00127711": "while they beheld he jesus was taken up are you here he jesus was taken up and a cloud received", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00174-00127711-00128232": "him out of their sight physically they couldn't see him anymore he was gone say he was gone", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00175-00128424-00128911": "he told him they were gonna he was gonna go and while they looked steadfastly toward heaven as he", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00176-00128911-00129544": "went up behold two men stood by them in white apparel which also said ye men of galilee why", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00177-00129544-00130920": "stand ye gazing up into heaven this same jesus is this in your bible what same jesus this one", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00178-00130920-00131464": "that was talking to them that went up into heaven while they were looking at him why do you think", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00179-00131464-00131928": "he did it so specifically and concretely so they wouldn't get messed up and twisted", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00180-00132136-00132704": "he went away and he went and sat down in heaven and that's what they all began to say", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00181-00132792-00133464": "jesus went away you would be just a plain weirdo if you said jesus didn't go away", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00182-00133536-00134464": "at that point everybody saw him go away this same jesus which was taken up from you into heaven", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00183-00134464-00135336": "where was he taken into heaven shall so come in like manner as you have seen him go into heaven", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00184-00135456-00136384": "has this happened yet no no then where is this same jesus this jesus that this one", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00185-00136456-00136928": "where is he still in heaven still at the father's right hand why", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00186-00137024-00137592": "because he finished his work and when he was raised from the dead and began to speak within", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00187-00137592-00138128": "then he was raised from the earth that was my easter message a few weeks ago", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00188-00138264-00138784": "jesus was not only raised from the dead he was raised from the earth", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00189-00138992-00139352": "when he got out of dead he be you know he was no longer dead", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00190-00139352-00139832": "when he was raised from the earth he was no longer in the earth and he shall return he", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00191-00139832-00140424": "can't return from somewhere that you weren't before right my speaking english sometimes", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00192-00140664-00141256": "so he's still there real jesus real g say real jesus what jesus do you want", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00193-00141376-00142216": "real jesus or fake jesus real real jesus sent the holy ghost in acts chapter 2. are you here", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00194-00142464-00143168": "acts chapter 2 verse 32 this jesus this jesus hath god raised up whereof we were all witnesses", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00195-00143280-00143904": "were they all witnesses of him being raised from the dead yes yes and no they didn't see", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00196-00143904-00144456": "him raised from the dead they were witness what did they witness come on stay with me you're all", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00197-00144456-00145200": "school students now gee this jesus has god raised where we were all witnesses talking about acts", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00198-00145200-00145944": "chapter 1 verse 9 through 11 where they witnessed him raised up off the earth away", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00199-00146008-00147032": "look what he says next is this fun yet verse 33 therefore being by the right hand of god exalted", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00200-00147032-00147928": "what does being mean the active sense that's where he be say that's where he be where be jesus", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00201-00148080-00148584": "he be seated at the right hand of the be because he has not yet returned", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00202-00148928-00149416": "look what he did therefore being by the right hand of god exalted having received of the father the", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00203-00149416-00150208": "promise of the holy ghost or the promise the holy ghost he has shed forth this which you", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00204-00150208-00150832": "now see in here and he was talking about over in acts chapter 2 verse 4 where the day of pentecost", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00205-00150832-00151568": "where the holy ghost came in to the earth the holy ghost is god he's the only god in the earth today", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00206-00151752-00152248": "and you should worship him and learn how to walk with him one of the best ways that you can learn", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00207-00152248-00153032": "how to walk with him is by opening your mouth and saying i worship you holy ghost are you here", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00208-00153368-00154088": "this is the dispensation of the holy ghost that you're in jesus is at the right hand of the father", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00209-00154088-00154904": "seated and shall return and he sent another are you mad at me because i preach the gospel", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00210-00155008-00155456": "people like you should be no this guy is preaching the gospel i'm preaching the gospel i'm just", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00211-00155456-00155960": "showing you something that a lot of people don't touch on because it irritates people and i'm not", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00212-00155960-00156496": "trying to irritate you just to irritate you but it's so you can see where you need to change", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00213-00156816-00157592": "but i haven't been worshiping the holy ghost as god i know you and just about everybody", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00214-00157592-00158272": "else that's right but we're making a change you're making a change what about you", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00215-00158352-00159080": "what about you are you gonna open up your mouth every day first thing out my mouth in the morning", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00216-00159184-00159824": "i worship you holy ghost you are god in the earth today i walk with you in the earth today", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00217-00159880-00160472": "by speaking in agreement with your words i didn't even wasn't even able to get into that so", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00218-00160528-00161184": "in a recap worshiping the holy ghost is a diversity of operations", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00219-00161304-00161936": "it will do something to you i don't know if i got that across it will do something", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00220-00161936-00162432": "to you well i don't want it to do something but don't do it it will do so i'm telling you it'll", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00221-00162432-00163040": "do something to you i've i've literally preached whole messages on this warning people don't do", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00222-00163040-00164000": "this because if you like where you're at and your little doctrinal whatever it is it's going", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00223-00164000-00164512": "they never taught us to worship i know i find now i'm from standing from this position i'm", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00224-00164512-00165160": "like they never taught you to worship god what's wrong with these people worshiping number one", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00225-00165160-00165656": "worshiping the holy ghost as god does something to you it's a diversity of operations it will", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00226-00165656-00166448": "do something to you and for you that nothing else will i got that across and thou shalt worship him", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00227-00166448-00167192": "you're told to thou shalt worship the lord thy god god is a spirit and they that worship him", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00228-00167536-00168184": "and number two he's the only god in the earth today", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00229-00168256-00168752": "learn to use your phrases differently this is one of the things that changes now that you be you", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00230-00168752-00169248": "come into this you begin to grow in it you begin to benefit from knowing him as the only god in", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00231-00169248-00169760": "the earth today you stopped saying things that you used to say before you say them differently and it", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00232-00169760-00170696": "matters doesn't it matter it matters because we're bringing people up whole schooled up into wrong", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00233-00170696-00171320": "thinking and it takes a long time to beat it out of them and i mean beat it out of them", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00234-00171528-00171896": "i have people have been in my you know my congregation there for", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00235-00171960-00172336": "10 15 years and it wasn't only but a few short years ago they're like man", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00236-00172336-00173040": "we're so glad we stuck with you we're finally getting it but they stuck with it and they did", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00237-00173040-00173896": "it and the doing of it listen the doing of it is what changes you yeah not the knowing of it", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00238-00173896-00174352": "you can know this all you want and i think we do now if i did my job you at least know it now", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00239-00174528-00175232": "it's the doing of it be a doer of the word be a doer of the word that you've heard", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00240-00175296-00176000": "today and let it begin to radically change you reorganize your thinking", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00241-00176096-00176728": "reorganize your vocabulary to where you don't say things that you might have said before", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00242-00176816-00177360": "that won't come out your mouth because you're a talking temple of the living god", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00243-00177560-00178576": "what know you not that your body is the temple of the holy ghost what should a temple of the", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00244-00178576-00179384": "holy ghost do what should a temple of any god do it's built to worship the god that's in the temple", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00245-00179592-00180192": "i worship the god that's in the temple his name is the holy ghost now you know it says your body", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00246-00180312-00180648": "so it's what you do with your body is your tongue part of your body", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00247-00180648-00181064": "yes are you sure no i have no control over it", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00248-00181440-00181816": "no your tongue is part of your body and i'd say it's it's the number one most", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00249-00181816-00182144": "important part if you get a hold of your tongue it will change", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00250-00182144-00182656": "everything it will change your physical body it will change your finances", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00251-00182880-00183064": "my finances are not what they used to be", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00252-00183328-00184200": "not even close but your tongue if you get a hold of it it will radically change everything", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00253-00184200-00184984": "what no you not your body your tongue right what should you say with your temple tongue", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00254-00185040-00185824": "i worship you holy ghost and i'm telling you use of those words will change you", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00255-00185824-00186384": "it'll change your ministry it'll change your finances it will change your physical body", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00256-00186608-00187096": "we worship you holy ghost say we worship you holy ghost", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00257-00187272-00187816": "say i worship you holy ghost i worship you holy ghost", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00258-00188056-00189264": "take me into that place that these words were were designed to take me and i will worship you", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00259-00189392-00190584": "all the days of my life in jesus name amen", "qJhUyWaxRXU-00260-00191408-00191824": "today"}}, {"audio_id": "qJkEpdVpRwy", "text": {"qJkEpdVpRwy-00000-00000096-00000326": "[MUSIC PLAYING]"}}, {"audio_id": "qJpLHHqm24U", "text": {"qJpLHHqm24U-00000-00000000-00000200": "RTX 3090 vs RTX 4070 Ti vs RTX 4090 FC New Down"}}, {"audio_id": "qJH6VMmL4s0", "text": {"qJH6VMmL4s0-00001-00001515-00001759": "The story of how most countries in the world", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00002-00001759-00002329": "came to adopt legal reinforcements for technological protection measures,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00003-00002329-00002810": "commonly known TPM's, is very long and complicated.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00004-00002810-00003043": "In this last segment of the lecture, I'll", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00005-00003043-00003335": "provide you an abridged version of the story.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00006-00003335-00003613": "If you'd like more detail you might consult chapter three", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00007-00003613-00004059": "of my book, Promises to Keep, from which this abridged version will", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00008-00004059-00004345": "be distilled.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00009-00004345-00004707": "In the early 1990's, entertainment companies", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00010-00004707-00005011": "dismayed by the increasing frequency with which", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00011-00005011-00005538": "digital copies of their products were being copied and redistributed,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00012-00005538-00005938": "and by the apparent inability of the law to halt this behavior,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00013-00005938-00006325": "began to experiment with encryption as an alternative way of preventing,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00014-00006325-00006764": "or at least discouraging, unauthorized uses their products.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00015-00006764-00007323": "Examples of such experiments included the content scramble system, commonly", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00016-00007323-00007739": "known a CSS, which is used to inhibit reproduction", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00017-00007739-00008225": "of the copies of audiovisual works housed on DVDs,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00018-00008225-00008592": "the secure digital music initiative, commonly", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00019-00008592-00009087": "known as SDMI, which was supposed to provide even stronger protection", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00020-00009087-00009582": "for sound recordings, and the Real Audio and Real Video", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00021-00009582-00010067": "format's developed by the firm Real Networks that", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00022-00010067-00010563": "enabled users of those formats to turn on or off of a virtual switch, which", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00023-00010563-00010911": "controlled whether person's to whom formatted works were streamed", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00024-00010911-00011301": "could make copies of this works.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00025-00011301-00011497": "As the entertainment companies soon discovered,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00026-00011497-00011764": "this strategy was at best imperfect.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00027-00011764-00012210": "Every time they deployed one of these technologies someone, surprisingly", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00028-00012210-00012562": "often a teenager, would crack it.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00029-00012562-00012837": "Once the technological wrappers had been removed,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00030-00012837-00013302": "the naked digital files could be re-distributed promiscuously.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00031-00013302-00013766": "So the entertainment companies began to look to the law for aid.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00032-00013766-00013946": "To understand the nature of the strategy it", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00033-00013946-00014546": "may help to turn, once again, to copyright theory.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00034-00014546-00015046": "You'll recall, I hope, that the premise of the welfare theory of copyright,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00035-00015046-00015436": "and of intellectual property in general, is that intellectual products are", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00036-00015436-00015790": "public goods that will be produced at suboptimal levels", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00037-00015790-00016016": "unless the government intervenes in some way", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00038-00016016-00016425": "to stimulate their creation and dissemination.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00039-00016425-00016851": "Over the centuries, governments had used five different techniques", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00040-00016851-00017094": "to provide the necessary stimulus.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00041-00017094-00017411": "The five options, with which you should now be familiar,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00042-00017411-00017754": "are listed on your screen.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00043-00017754-00018019": "Until this point in the lecture, we have been overwhelmingly", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00044-00018019-00018395": "concerned with the fifth option, the essence of which", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00045-00018395-00018798": "is that the government protects authors and artists against competition--", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00046-00018798-00019210": "in other words, forbids competitors to make, distribute, or perform", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00047-00019210-00019573": "copies of their works without permission.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00048-00019573-00019941": "That, as you well know, is the fundamental principle of copyright law,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00049-00019941-00020344": "at least as seen through the lens of welfare theory.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00050-00020344-00020646": "When the entertainment companies sought the assistance of the law", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00051-00020646-00021007": "in buttressing their shaky encryption systems,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00052-00021007-00021457": "they were in effect stepping outside the zone of copyright law", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00053-00021457-00021904": "and relying on an altogether different approach.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00054-00021904-00022337": "In particular, they were employing a variant of strategy number four.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00055-00022337-00022788": "They were relying upon a self-help approach, specifically", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00056-00022788-00023135": "technological protections for copies of their works,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00057-00023135-00023650": "and soliciting legal reinforcement for that strategy.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00058-00023650-00024042": "In this respect, their approach was analogous to trade secret law.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00059-00024042-00024595": "In that context as well, companies rely on self-help, specifically efforts", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00060-00024595-00024990": "to keep their innovations secret, but then turn to the law for aid", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00061-00024990-00025708": "when economic espionage or faithless employees cause that secrecy to fail.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00062-00025708-00026032": "In short, the entertainment companies new approach was not really", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00063-00026032-00026432": "an example of copyright law at all, even though, as you'll see,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00064-00026432-00026870": "they plugged the statutory reforms they sought into the copyright statute", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00065-00026870-00027058": "in the United States.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00066-00027058-00027377": "In truth, this approach is a different animal altogether", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00067-00027377-00027692": "and had quite different strengths and weaknesses.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00068-00027692-00028202": "For that reason, it's sometimes referred to as paracopyright.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00069-00028202-00028252": "OK.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00070-00028252-00028447": "Back to our story.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00071-00028447-00028839": "The law in the United States as it existed in the mid-1990's", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00072-00028839-00029292": "failed to provide the entertainment companies the aid they sought.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00073-00029292-00029897": "To be sure, the federal statutes contained a few specialized provisions", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00074-00029897-00030295": "that forbade circumvention of particular encryption systems.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00075-00030295-00030614": "For example, it was illegal to manufacture or distribute", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00076-00030614-00031079": "devices designed to descramble the signals provided by cable television", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00077-00031079-00031485": "systems or digital satellite systems, but there", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00078-00031485-00032058": "was no provision forbidding encryption circumvention in general.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00079-00032058-00032363": "Judge-made law was even more unhelpful.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00080-00032363-00032868": "For example, in the case of Volt Corporation vs. Quaid Software", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00081-00032868-00033052": "the Fifth Circuit Court of appeals had ruled", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00082-00033052-00033467": "that the creation and sale of a software program designed to circumvent the copy", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00083-00033467-00033938": "controls on a diskette did not make the creator of such a program", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00084-00033938-00034189": "liable for contributory copyright infringement,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00085-00034189-00034610": "because the program had a substantial non-infringing use, mainly", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00086-00034610-00034961": "enabling the making of archival copies.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00087-00034961-00035456": "And as I explained in lecture number nine, in the Sega enterprises case", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00088-00035456-00035983": "the Ninth Circuit had refused to find a game manufacturer liable", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00089-00035983-00036478": "when it circumvented Sega's lockout mechanism preventing unlicensed game", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00090-00036478-00036858": "developers from building games compatible with its Genesis console.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00092-00037115-00037939": "So, existing law was unhelpful the companies therefore sought new law.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00093-00037939-00038428": "The path to the reforms they wanted proved circuitous.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00094-00038428-00039045": "First, they plead their case to the Information Infrastructure Task Force,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00095-00039045-00039657": "commonly abbreviated as the IITF, the group appointed by President Clinton", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00096-00039657-00039897": "to articulate and implement the administration's", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00097-00039897-00040388": "vision for the National Information Infrastructure.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00098-00040388-00040793": "The crucial subcommittee within the IITF was the working group", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00099-00040793-00041011": "on intellectual property rights chaired by Bruce", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00100-00041011-00041320": "Lehman, a former copyright industry lobbyist", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00101-00041320-00041780": "who had recently been appointed the commissioner of patents and trademarks.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00102-00041780-00042207": "Lehman and the IITF proved receptive.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00103-00042207-00042592": "In their preliminary report, known as the \"green paper,\" and again", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00104-00042592-00042949": "in their final report, known as the \"white paper,\"", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00105-00042949-00043144": "they recommended the adoption of a quote,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00106-00043144-00043484": "\"prohibition on devices, products, components, and services", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00107-00043484-00043856": "that defeat technological methods of preventing", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00108-00043856-00044278": "unauthorized use of copyrighted materials.\"", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00109-00044278-00044796": "Ignoring the objections of some vigorous critics of this proposal.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00110-00044796-00045256": "Surprisingly however, Congress was more attentive to the critics arguments", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00111-00045256-00045720": "and moreover was distracted by an upcoming election, and as a result", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00112-00045720-00046196": "failed to adopt the administration's recommendation.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00113-00046196-00046765": "So Mr. Lehman cleverly pursued an alternative approach.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00114-00046765-00047111": "Instead of continuing to pound on Congress's door,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00115-00047111-00047429": "he turned to treaty making.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00116-00047429-00047831": "In 1996 in his capacity as the United States delegate", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00117-00047831-00048117": "to the World Intellectual Property Organization,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00118-00048117-00048441": "Lehman pressed for adoption of a new treaty that", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00119-00048441-00048843": "would embody the critical provisions of the now rejected", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00120-00048843-00049121": "argument in the white paper.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00121-00049121-00049367": "He didn't get all that he wanted, but he was", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00122-00049367-00049989": "able to secure-- specifically in Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty--", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00123-00049989-00050403": "a moderate version of the provisions that he had originally sought.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00124-00050403-00050891": "Quote, \"contracting parties shall provide adequate legal protection", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00125-00050891-00051290": "and effective legal remedies against the circumvention", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00126-00051290-00051777": "of effective technological measures that are used by authors in connection", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00127-00051777-00052228": "with the exercise of their rights under this treaty or the Berne Convention.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00128-00052228-00052495": "And that restrict acts in respect of their works,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00129-00052495-00053121": "which are not authorized by the authors concerned or by or permitted by law.\"", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00130-00053121-00053397": "Lehman then returned to the United States and approached Congress", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00131-00053397-00053588": "with a new argument.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00132-00053588-00054114": "Congress, he argued, needed to modify federal law in the United States", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00133-00054114-00054388": "to fulfill the obligations to which the United States would soon", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00134-00054388-00054736": "be subject under the new treaty.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00135-00054736-00055129": "There ensued a protracted hard fought battle among the relevant interest", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00136-00055129-00055575": "groups, a battle chronicled by Pam Samuelson.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00137-00055575-00056042": "Lehman and his allies eventually emerged bloody but victorious,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00138-00056042-00056594": "specifically as part of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00139-00056594-00056976": "as you now know conventionally abbreviated to DMCA.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00140-00056976-00057257": "They obtained two new provisions now embodied", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00141-00057257-00057819": "in sections 1201 and 1202 of the copyright statute.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00142-00057819-00058175": "Of the two provisions, 1201 is the more important.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00143-00058175-00058545": "The critical language is indicated on your screen.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00144-00058545-00059098": "Section 1201(a)(1)(A) provides that no person shall circumvent a technological", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00145-00059098-00059189": "measure.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00146-00059189-00059689": "It effectively controls access to copyrighted work.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00147-00059689-00060126": "Section 1201(a)(2) provides that no person shall manufacture or import,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00148-00060126-00060570": "offer to the public, provide or otherwise traffic in any technology", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00149-00060570-00060938": "product service device component or part thereof that is primarily designed", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00150-00060938-00061354": "or produced for the purpose of such circumvention.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00151-00061354-00061779": "Finally, section 1201(b) contains a similar ban", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00152-00061779-00062180": "on the production or distribution of technology, primarily designed", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00153-00062180-00062485": "to circumvent technologies that effectively protect", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00154-00062485-00062792": "the exclusive rights of a copyright owner--", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00155-00062792-00063079": "the exclusive rights to reproduce the work adapted,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00156-00063079-00063424": "performed publicly, and so forth.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00157-00063424-00063711": "Parties injured by violations of these rules", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00158-00063711-00064209": "can bring civil lawsuit to halt the practices and collect damages.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00159-00064209-00064554": "In addition, willful violation of the rules", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00160-00064554-00064921": "for commercial advantage or personal gain", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00161-00064921-00065283": "subjects the offender to substantial criminal penalties.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00163-00065537-00065824": "As you undoubtedly noticed, there are some important ambiguities", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00164-00065824-00065990": "in these provisions.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00165-00065990-00066319": "What exactly does circumvent mean?", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00166-00066319-00066751": "For example, if I give my password to a friend who then uses it to gain access", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00167-00066751-00067064": "to a copyrighted recording or program, have I", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00168-00067064-00067423": "or has she circumvented the technological protection", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00169-00067423-00067751": "system that requires that password?", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00170-00067751-00068322": "What does it mean to effectively control access to a copyrighted work?", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00171-00068322-00068631": "What activities other than manufacturing and distributing", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00172-00068631-00068930": "are encompassed by the ban on trafficking", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00173-00068930-00069222": "in circumvention technologies?", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00174-00069222-00069588": "Some of these ambiguities are addressed, though not with great clarity,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00175-00069588-00069869": "by definitions contained in other parts of the statute.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00177-00070180-00070640": "The prohibitions contained in 1201(a) and 1201(b)", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00178-00070640-00071109": "are tempered, as you can see, by a list of exceptions, some of which", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00179-00071109-00071323": "are also vague.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00180-00071323-00071666": "For example, technologies that are not primarily", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00181-00071666-00072106": "designed for circumvention have a more limited commercially significant", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00182-00072106-00072760": "purpose other than convention and are not marketed for circumvention", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00183-00072760-00072930": "are exempt.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00184-00072930-00073204": "Nonprofit libraries, archives, and educational institutions", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00185-00073204-00073470": "are sometimes permitted to engage in circumvention in order", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00186-00073470-00073885": "to decide whether to acquire copyrighted work.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00187-00073885-00074210": "Circumvention activities for the purpose of reverse engineering", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00188-00074210-00074617": "to achieve interoperability among computer programs, security", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00189-00074617-00075058": "testing, encryption research, and controlling minors", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00190-00075058-00075519": "access to pornography are all privileged.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00191-00075519-00075818": "Finally, every three years the librarian of Congress", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00192-00075818-00076163": "is required to promulgate regulations exempting", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00193-00076163-00076604": "from the anti-circumvention provision persons who would otherwise", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00194-00076604-00077117": "be adversely affected in their ability to make non-infringing uses.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00195-00077117-00077544": "The most recent round of regulations in 2010", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00196-00077544-00077834": "generated some intriguing safe harbors.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00198-00078164-00078485": "In culmination, the importance of the issues", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00199-00078485-00078979": "addressed by these statutory provisions and the ambiguity of several", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00200-00078979-00079462": "of their dimensions have generated a great deal of litigation.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00201-00079462-00079752": "The principal cases are listed on the map.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00202-00079752-00080106": "If you follow the links you will find summaries of their facts and holdings", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00203-00080106-00080495": "and copies of the opinions themselves.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00204-00080495-00080929": "In the first and arguably most important wave of these cases,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00205-00080929-00081236": "the copyright owner's that had pressed for these statutes", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00206-00081236-00081657": "and that stood to benefit most from expensive interpretations of them", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00207-00081657-00081887": "prevailed decisively.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00208-00081887-00082217": "In later cases, however, the courts have rejected", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00209-00082217-00082604": "especially aggressive applications of the provisions.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00210-00082604-00083064": "A very rough generalization concerning the pattern of outcomes in these cases", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00211-00083064-00083498": "is that the more they have to do with the kinds of entertainment products", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00212-00083498-00084053": "that initially provoked the statute-- music, films, games, and so forth,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00213-00084053-00084362": "the more likely the courts are to find that the behavior of the defendants", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00214-00084362-00084554": "were unlawful.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00215-00084554-00084783": "By contrast, in cases where the plaintiffs have", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00216-00084783-00085052": "sought to rely on these statutory provisions", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00217-00085052-00085589": "to support business models unrelated to traditional entertainment products", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00218-00085589-00085901": "the courts have been much less sympathetic.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00219-00085901-00086352": "That's a crude guideline, to be sure, but for better or worse", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00220-00086352-00086720": "it has some explanatory force.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00221-00086720-00087122": "By way of illustration, I'll describe two of the cases.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00222-00087122-00087318": "Here's the first.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00223-00087318-00087854": "In 1999, John Johansen, a 15-year-old Norwegian,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00224-00087854-00088363": "reverse engineered a licensed DVD player and used the information he obtained", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00225-00088363-00088859": "to write a short program designed to descramble a signal that had been", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00226-00088859-00089400": "scrambled by the CSS security system-- the system that I described a minute", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00227-00089400-00089799": "ago that is designed to prevent ripping DVD's.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00228-00089799-00090418": "Johansen's program, which he called DCSS, was relatively simple.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00229-00090418-00090824": "The original version consisted of 60 lines of computer code.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00230-00090824-00091181": "It has since been reduced to seven.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00231-00091181-00091616": "Although Johansen's original purpose apparently was the relatively benign", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00232-00091616-00092034": "goal of developing a DVD player that could operate on the Linux operating", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00233-00092034-00092742": "system, his creation enabled many other less innocent uses of the video", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00234-00092742-00093019": "recordings distributed on DVD's.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00235-00093019-00093320": "Once descrambled, they could be stored, compressed, reproduced", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00236-00093320-00093584": "and redistributed.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00237-00093584-00094056": "Copies of DCSS spread quickly over the internet.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00238-00094056-00094556": "Within a month, many websites offered user-friendly downloadable versions", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00239-00094556-00095035": "the program in both source code and object code.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00240-00095035-00095351": "The major film studios, seeking to stop or at least slow", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00241-00095351-00095645": "the spread of what they regarded as an infection,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00242-00095645-00096216": "invoked the DMCA to demand that the operators of those websites", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00243-00096216-00096582": "remove the program from their servers.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00244-00096582-00096953": "Some of those operators, including Eric Corely,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00245-00096953-00097441": "the editor of a print magazine boldly named 2,600:", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00246-00097441-00098125": "The Hacker Quarterly, and an accompanying website refused to comply.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00247-00098125-00098603": "In response, the studios brought suit, accusing Corley and others of quote,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00248-00098603-00099052": "\"trafficking in circumvention technology.\"", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00249-00099052-00099449": "Judge Lewis Kaplan found that the defendants had indeed violated Section", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00250-00099449-00099921": "1201(a)(2), the ban on trafficking in technology designed to circumvent", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00251-00099921-00100350": "restrictions on access to copyrighted works.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00252-00100350-00100907": "In his judgment, none of the statutory exemptions were applicable.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00253-00100907-00101255": "He then rejected the defendant's argument that the statute so construed", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00254-00101255-00101738": "would violate the First Amendment's protection for freedom of speech.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00255-00101738-00102017": "In his final ruling, Kaplan ordered the defendants", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00256-00102017-00102310": "to remove the program for their servers, and more", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00257-00102310-00102845": "controversially, to disable all hyperlinks to other websites", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00258-00102845-00103106": "where copies of the program could be found.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00260-00103391-00103778": "The Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed, like Judge Kaplan,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00261-00103778-00104218": "the Court of Appeals found all of the exemptions inapplicable,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00262-00104218-00104589": "nor did the statute, even when thus broadly construed,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00263-00104589-00104825": "violate the First Amendment.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00264-00104825-00105215": "The court conceded that the anti-trafficking provisions in general", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00265-00105215-00105536": "and as applied in this case, did restrict speech,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00266-00105536-00105981": "but that restriction it ruled is content neutral,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00267-00105981-00106351": "advances a substantial government purpose unrelated to the suppression", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00268-00106351-00106718": "of expression, mainly assisting copyright owners", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00269-00106718-00107131": "and preventing unwanted access to their property,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00270-00107131-00107593": "and burdened speech no more than necessary to achieve that end.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00271-00107593-00107752": "And thus, it's constitutional.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00273-00108070-00108473": "The ruling in the Corley case seems to have", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00274-00108473-00108895": "had little effect on the distribution of DCSS.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00275-00108895-00109263": "While the case was ongoing, hackers and Corley sympathizers", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00276-00109263-00109726": "continued to distribute the program in a wide variety of formats-- on t-shirts,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00277-00109726-00110333": "in the form of a haiku, set to music, and so forth.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00278-00110333-00110721": "On the other hand, the ready availability of DCSS on the internet", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00279-00110721-00111241": "still today does not seem to have adversely affected the use", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00280-00111241-00111620": "or profitability of commercial DVD's.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00281-00111620-00111854": "The revenues generated by which are tracked", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00282-00111854-00112424": "by the yellow sectors of the graph on your screen.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00283-00112424-00112774": "As you can see, the ready availability of DCSS starting in 1999", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00284-00112774-00113456": "certainly did not prevent the DVD format from conquering the home video market.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00285-00113456-00113989": "Perhaps copyright owner's anxiety was unfounded.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00286-00113989-00114325": "In any event, the Corley case has proved highly influential.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00287-00114325-00114859": "Its crucial features include a lenient interpretation of the requirements", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00288-00114859-00115295": "that technological protection measures effectively control access", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00289-00115295-00115765": "to a copyrighted work, an expansive interpretation of the prohibition", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00290-00115765-00116406": "on trafficking in circumvention technology, rejection of the position", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00291-00116406-00116821": "that TPM's must accommodate the privileges traditionally enjoyed", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00292-00116821-00117292": "by users under the fair use doctrine, and last but not least,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00293-00117292-00117685": "the declaration that despite these interpretations,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00294-00117685-00118031": "the statute does not run afoul of the federal constitution.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00296-00118390-00118784": "An example of a decision that took a more skeptical view of TPM's", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00297-00118784-00119108": "and invocations of the law to reinforce them,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00298-00119108-00119432": "is Chamberlain, decided by the Court of Appeals", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00299-00119432-00119865": "for the Federal Circuit in 2004.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00300-00119865-00120261": "Chamberlain manufactures and sells garage door openers,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00301-00120261-00120639": "these are devices that enable homeowners to avoid the inconvenience of getting", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00302-00120639-00121056": "out of their cars to open their garages when they returned home.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00303-00121056-00121508": "A homeowner need only press a button on the remote control depicted", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00304-00121508-00121779": "at the bottom of this photo, and the machine", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00305-00121779-00122190": "depicted at the top of the photo will cause the door open.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00306-00122190-00122649": "Chamberlain's system incorporated a copyrighted quote,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00307-00122649-00123182": "\"rolling code,\" close quote, computer program that constantly changed", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00308-00123182-00123768": "the transmitter signal needed to open the garage door.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00309-00123768-00123964": "Now as you know, with some frequency homeowners", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00310-00123964-00124403": "lose or break the remote controls necessary to run their systems.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00311-00124403-00124879": "The defendant in this case, Skylink, catered to such consumers,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00312-00124879-00125333": "offering them replacement generic remote controls", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00313-00125333-00125559": "capable of opening Chamberlain's doors, as well as", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00314-00125559-00125978": "those of other garage door opening companies.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00315-00125978-00126285": "Chamberlain was unhappy, primarily it seems", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00316-00126285-00126561": "because Skylink was undercutting Chamberlain's ability", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00317-00126561-00126885": "to sell its own replacement remote controls.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00318-00126885-00127458": "So Chamberlain brought a DMCA suit against Skylink contending that", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00319-00127458-00127877": "Skylink's products quote, \"circumvent the security inherent in rolling", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00320-00127877-00128223": "codes,\" close quote, and therefore that quote,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00321-00128223-00128526": "\"Skylink is in violation of the anti-trafficking clause", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00322-00128526-00129220": "of the DMCA's anti-circumvention provisions, specifically 1201(a)(2),\"", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00323-00129220-00129449": "close quote.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00324-00129449-00129798": "Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit eventually rejected this claim ruling", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00325-00129798-00130318": "broadly that 1201 prohibits only forms of access", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00326-00130318-00130890": "that bare a reasonable relationship to the protections of the Copyright Act", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00327-00130890-00131303": "otherwise affords copyright owners.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00328-00131303-00131615": "As David Nimmer, the son of Melville Nimmer", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00329-00131615-00131881": "and a notable copyright scholar in his own right,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00330-00131881-00132608": "points out it's very difficult to derive such a limitation on the scope of 1201", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00331-00132608-00133160": "from the language of the statute or from the legislative history, and indeed", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00332-00133160-00133596": "the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in the more recent MDY case,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00333-00133596-00133973": "refuse to follow the Federal Circuit in restricting", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00334-00133973-00134343": "the reach of the statute in this fashion,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00335-00134343-00134855": "but MDY involved video games, not garage door openers.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00336-00134855-00135207": "Though the statute itself makes no reference to the nature of the device", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00337-00135207-00135692": "in which the copyrighted work guarded by the TPM is embedded", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00338-00135692-00136006": "and thus as Nimmer argues the distinction between Chamberlain and MDY", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00339-00136006-00136484": "is hard to justify on the basis of statutory interpretation.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00340-00136484-00136819": "It's neither surprising, nor terribly troubling,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00341-00136819-00137177": "that the courts are more protective of entertainment products", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00342-00137177-00137606": "where unauthorized reproduction is arguably pernicious than they", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00343-00137606-00137964": "are of more industrial products where we have long", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00344-00137964-00138263": "thought competition is socially beneficial.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00346-00138566-00138896": "So that's where things currently stand in the United States.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00347-00138896-00139411": "The legal reinforcement of TPM's is by no means limited to the US.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00348-00139411-00139829": "90 countries currently are signatories to the WIPO Copyright", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00349-00139829-00140274": "Treaty and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00350-00140274-00140585": "that as we've seen impose on member countries duties", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00351-00140585-00140952": "to adopt and enforce rules of this general sort.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00352-00140952-00141423": "How have other countries sought to implement the principle?", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00353-00141423-00141844": "The responses, as you might expect, vary considerably.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00354-00141844-00142266": "As my colleague Urs Gasser points out, the language of the relevant treaty", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00355-00142266-00142676": "provisions leave member countries considerable discretion", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00356-00142676-00142887": "on several fronts.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00357-00142887-00143177": "Most importantly, the treaties leave countries", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00358-00143177-00143532": "free to decide whether to buttress only TPM's", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00359-00143532-00144003": "that reinforce the kind of exclusive rights enjoyed by copyright owners,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00360-00144003-00144315": "namely the rights of production, distribution, public performance,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00361-00144315-00144510": "and so forth.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00362-00144510-00145139": "Or also TPM's that limit user's ability to gain access to copyrighted works.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00364-00145393-00145794": "The countries are also free if they could figure out how to do so,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00365-00145794-00146202": "not to penalize circumventions of TPM's for the purpose of exercising", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00366-00146202-00146621": "one of the privileges recognized by the copyright system,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00367-00146621-00147185": "such as the privilege of engaging in fair uses.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00368-00147185-00147658": "On the latter issue, the European Union has adopted an approach very different", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00369-00147658-00147875": "from the United States.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00370-00147875-00148273": "You'll recall that in the US the DMCA contains", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00371-00148273-00148766": "a list of specific exemptions to the coverage of Section 1201", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00372-00148766-00149104": "plus an administrative mechanism enabling the Librarian of Congress", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00373-00149104-00149632": "periodically for three years to add additional exceptions.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00374-00149632-00150134": "That list is widely considered to be very narrow, enabling copyright owners", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00375-00150134-00150681": "in the United States to use TPM's to curtail lots of activities", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00376-00150681-00151054": "that they would be unable to forbid by invoking", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00377-00151054-00151492": "the regular rights under the copyright statute itself.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00378-00151492-00152001": "The EU, by contrast, requires member countries", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00379-00152001-00152533": "to create mechanisms to ensure the TPM's do not interfere with the privileges", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00380-00152533-00153035": "that consumers enjoy under copyright law, unless the right's holders develop", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00381-00153035-00153465": "and implement such mechanisms voluntarily.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00382-00153465-00153774": "Gasser points out the countries within the EU", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00383-00153774-00154171": "have sought to accommodate that obligation differently.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00384-00154171-00154466": "Greece and Lithuania, for example, have set up", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00385-00154466-00154771": "mediation systems in hopes of reconciling", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00386-00154771-00155281": "TPM's with the traditional privileges of users.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00387-00155281-00155701": "The United Kingdom has set up a special administrative mechanism", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00388-00155701-00156204": "that purports to enable aggrieved users to challenge TPM's that constrain", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00389-00156204-00156549": "their freedom to make lawful uses of copyrighted materials.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00390-00156549-00156935": "And Ireland permits aggrieved users to appeal directly", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00391-00156935-00157238": "to the Irish High Court.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00392-00157238-00157757": "Whether any of these mechanisms is effective is far from clear,", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00393-00157757-00158361": "but they at least purport to tilt the scales more toward consumers", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00394-00158361-00158500": "than does the United States.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00395-00158896-00159416": "During the past 15 years, controversy over legal reinforcement of TPM's has", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00396-00159416-00159650": "been intense.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00397-00159650-00159947": "My guess, for what it's worth, is that in the future", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00398-00159947-00160246": "the controversy will gradually fade.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00399-00160246-00160658": "The reason is not because countries will converge upon a solution", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00400-00160658-00161208": "to this issue that satisfies all parties, that's extremely unlikely.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00401-00161208-00161624": "The reason rather, is that TPM's and their legal supplements", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00402-00161624-00162005": "are designed primarily to protect business models that", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00403-00162005-00162575": "rely upon distributing copies of copyrighted works to consumers.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00404-00162575-00162862": "Increasingly nowadays the businesses that have traditionally", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00405-00162862-00163467": "depended on copyright law are shifting to cloud-based business models that", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00406-00163467-00164068": "do not depend upon providing consumers copies of works.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00407-00164068-00164394": "As a result, for better or worse, technological shields", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00408-00164394-00164844": "enveloping such copies will become less important.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00409-00164844-00165261": "At the same time, alternative practical and legal mechanisms", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00410-00165261-00165621": "for preserving the traditional privileges of consumers", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00411-00165621-00165734": "will become more important.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00413-00166108-00166302": "Thanks for your attention.", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00414-00166302-00166770": "Next week we'll take up the last of the topics in this lecture series--", "qJH6VMmL4s0-00415-00166770-00167226": "the remedies the law provides for copyright infringement."}}, {"audio_id": "qJHrwHwmNqI", "text": {"qJHrwHwmNqI-00001-00000082-00000386": "Time 8.30 starting the walk", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00002-00000632-00000732": "follow me", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00003-00000790-00000930": "it's the first I see", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00004-00001014-00001114": "I film it", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00005-00001220-00001358": "Good morning friends(spanish spoken )", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00006-00001478-00001578": "It's not so bad", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00007-00001682-00001868": "it's cold  . .damn cold", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00008-00001982-00002194": "but saturday and sunday wil be hot", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00009-00002594-00002758": "a nice bamboo grove", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00010-00002920-00003268": "really bamboo?? what the hall am I sayng?", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00011-00003292-00003514": "I mean eucalyptus", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00012-00003532-00003761": "in fact feel that good smell", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00013-00004122-00004388": "wonderful of  . . eucalyptus", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00014-00004532-00004786": "right to show you that . . .", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00015-00004822-00005066": "Galicia is so green", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00016-00005218-00005318": "Not at all", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00017-00005616-00005816": "camera higher", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00018-00006202-00006332": "couple of goats(sheeps)", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00019-00006558-00006676": "bheeeee", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00020-00006990-00007156": "mheeeee", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00021-00007366-00007544": "fields of mais", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00022-00007600-00007742": "collect a fresh panicle", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00023-00007998-00008098": ". . .and bite it", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00024-00008170-00008318": "I didn't it from 30 years", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00025-00008394-00008526": "always a good emotion", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00026-00008570-00008670": "bridge", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00027-00009816-00009916": "and rest area", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00028-00010176-00010394": "we are at 3/4 of the path", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00029-00010412-00010764": "I have another 4/5 Km, less then an hour", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00030-00010806-00010978": "we are in a nice grove", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00031-00011022-00011390": "paved road, boring but easy", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00032-00011460-00011642": "I made some dirt", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00033-00012068-00012288": "everything ok(portuguese)", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00034-00012974-00013260": "here we have the famous bridge, filmed from everyone", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00035-00013422-00013591": "we are almost arrived", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00036-00013818-00013918": "here . . . rapids", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00037-00017304-00017470": "passing under the bridge", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00038-00019762-00019990": "aside the river", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00039-00020126-00020226": "very nice", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00040-00021508-00021654": "and goooo", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00041-00021696-00021812": "hallo everyone", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00042-00021868-00022212": "the only thing to see here in Negreira,", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00043-00022256-00022564": "first step of the walk", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00044-00022588-00022742": "is the ancient arch of the walls", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00045-00022946-00023078": "little park here", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00046-00023116-00023270": "nothing more", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00047-00025084-00025300": "very good two cherries", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00048-00025354-00025606": "two cherries at the and of august", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00049-00025644-00025906": "good and giants", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00050-00025944-00026204": "GIANTS", "qJHrwHwmNqI-00051-00026720-00026932": "see you at the next video"}}, {"audio_id": "qK1zWmebW8Y", "text": {"qK1zWmebW8Y-00000-00000792-00000964": "I mean, I respect Levi’s,", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00001-00000964-00001160": "they’re like the grandfather of everything,", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00002-00001160-00001358": "but I don’t know how you can be", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00003-00001366-00001518": "the iconic American brand", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00004-00001518-00001648": "and take everything that you do", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00005-00001648-00001716": "of of the", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00006-00001716-00001816": "United States.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00007-00001882-00002018": "My name’s George Wilson.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00008-00002018-00002420": "I’m originally from Florida, and I’ve lived in LA for almost 40 years.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00009-00002746-00003496": "There was a contest the US Open in 1977 and everyone came out, J, Shogo, like basically", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00010-00003496-00003753": "all the top pros from California came to Florida.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00011-00003753-00004174": "We got busted in a pool during that time so Shogo ended up staying for 3 months ‘cause", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00012-00004174-00004303": "he had to go to court and stuff", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00013-00004303-00004780": "So that’s how I ended up moving out here with Shogo, and started writing for Zflex", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00014-00004780-00004932": "in ’78.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00015-00004932-00005444": "Being accepted in the area, like around dogtown, and with the, you know the ZBoys and all that.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00016-00005444-00005840": "That’s one of the highlights, and just, the friends I made and of course the dream", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00017-00005840-00006078": "is to make it in California man.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00018-00006082-00006240": "Basically what I do is I", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00019-00006240-00006466": "I’m mainly a denim manufacturer.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00020-00006520-00006670": "Taking designs,", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00021-00006670-00006823": "getting the patterns made,", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00022-00006823-00007023": "sourcing the fabric and putting it all together.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00023-00007181-00007540": "I have like 30 machines in the back so, I put it all together here.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00024-00007540-00007714": "Ok so this is basically…", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00025-00007714-00007867": "This is sort of a unique denim.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00026-00007867-00008046": "This is a 16 ounce.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00027-00008046-00008365": "It’s from a Japanese mill, it’s called nihan minpu.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00028-00008365-00008889": "And this is like uh, pretty rigid, but it also has a lot of texture on it.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00029-00008889-00009190": "On standard denim, like the edges are all cut off,", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00030-00009190-00009390": "so when you do a salvage jean it actually", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00031-00009402-00009714": "goes right to the edge and its cut from the center.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00032-00009786-00010065": "And what that means is that’s the original way the denim was produced.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00033-00010116-00010310": "It’s a lot more uh,", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00034-00010310-00010516": "labor intensive to cut a salvage jean.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00035-00010766-00010906": "This is, like uh,", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00036-00010906-00011264": "This is a decent assessment of like a subtle vintage wash.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00037-00011353-00011584": "So most of all this work’s done by hand", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00038-00011585-00011685": "These are…", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00039-00011685-00011939": "Like you have to have kind of a talented guy to make it look good.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00040-00011939-00012070": "It’s called the dry process.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00041-00012070-00012399": "So they do the whiskering and the sanding.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00042-00012399-00012539": "This is hand sanded.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00043-00012539-00012844": "A little bit of grinding with a Drimmel drill.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00044-00012844-00013066": "This is way less time in the stone.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00045-00013066-00013256": "See how it’s darker and this is lighter.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00046-00013256-00013537": "When they say stonewash, they’re actually done with stones.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00047-00013537-00014068": "Basically what this is, is like a replica wash of like uh, 70s or 90s, so", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00048-00014068-00014266": "This is just a basic stone, for a long time, over an hour with maybe a little bit of potassium", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00049-00014266-00014347": "for a long time,", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00050-00014347-00014480": "over an hour", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00051-00014480-00014800": "with maybe a little bit of potassium to drop the color.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00052-00014844-00015088": "The good part about it is hopefully like I say…", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00053-00015300-00015543": "Like I call it, it’s like a pie.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00054-00015543-00016063": "So hopefully everyone involved in an expensive garment is getting a slice of pie.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00055-00016096-00016508": "Where, cheap clothing is definitely not being made ethically at all so.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00056-00016508-00016912": "Yeah I’ve been producing for 27 years and I’ve never made a piece out of LA.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00057-00016922-00017060": "Not even a sample", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00058-00017070-00017391": "You know and, and I’ve, uh", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00059-00017391-00017714": "done well for that, and I’ve suffered immensely for that.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00060-00017716-00018038": "People can say things about me but no one’s gonna say I f***cked them over,", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00061-00018038-00018088": "ever", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00062-00018088-00018198": "you know what I mean", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00063-00018212-00018630": "I live true to myself and I try to treat people the way I wanna be treated.", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00064-00018914-00019118": "What was the worst garment I ever bought…", "qK1zWmebW8Y-00065-00019372-00019670": "I don’t know man, I have such great taste, I don’t know if I’ve ever bought a bad garment"}}, {"audio_id": "qKDuqIW_lqc", "text": {"qKDuqIW_lqc-00000-00000498-00000946": "[MUSIC PLAYING]", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00001-00002040-00002282": "MR. COREY ANDREWS: Welcome to today's Interactive web chat", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00002-00002282-00002615": "in honor of LGBTI Pride Month, a month celebrating", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00003-00002615-00002952": "the contributions of the lesbian, gay, bisexual,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00004-00002952-00003265": "transgender, and inter-sex community in the United States", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00005-00003265-00003413": "and around the world.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00006-00003413-00003665": "The theme of this program is \"Community Voices", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00007-00003665-00003829": "for Inclusion.\"", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00008-00003829-00004013": "This discussion will feature representatives", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00009-00004013-00004334": "from faith communities, law enforcement, and businesses,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00010-00004334-00004703": "sharing their experiences and providing examples of practices", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00011-00004703-00005006": "and initiatives that promote inclusion, dignity,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00012-00005006-00005198": "and respect for all.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00013-00005198-00005411": "I'm Corey Andrews, a deputy director", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00014-00005411-00005657": "in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00015-00005657-00006062": "and Labor at the U.S. Department of State.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00016-00006062-00006205": "This is an important time to have", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00017-00006205-00006634": "a conversation on the human rights of LGBTI persons.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00018-00006634-00006904": "While there has been a lot of progress in recent years,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00019-00006904-00007248": "enormous challenges persist, particularly related", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00020-00007248-00007741": "to bias-motivated violence and anti-discrimination issues.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00021-00007741-00007909": "One way to address these problems", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00022-00007909-00008161": "is to enable dialogue such as this", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00023-00008161-00008506": "and to encourage open discussion about these topics.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00024-00008506-00008780": "Here to share their perspectives and answer your questions", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00025-00008780-00009226": "are Sabrina Kent, chief of staff at the National LGBT", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00026-00009226-00009625": "Chamber of Commerce, Father Kevin O'Brien, dean", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00027-00009625-00010048": "of the Jesuit School of Theology at Santa Clara University,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00028-00010048-00010360": "and Sergeant Braden Schrag in the Office of Community", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00029-00010360-00010781": "Engagement at the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00030-00010781-00011079": "We are also joined by viewing groups around the world,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00031-00011079-00011417": "including participants in Mexico at the U.S. Consulate", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00032-00011417-00011588": "in Ciudad Juarez.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00033-00011588-00011905": "We will introduce their audience in a moment.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00034-00011905-00012093": "Before we get started, I just wanted", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00035-00012093-00012409": "to mention that if you have questions for our panelists,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00036-00012409-00012749": "please ask them in the chat space next to the video player", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00037-00012749-00012904": "or on Twitter using the #LGBTI.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00038-00013169-00013497": "We will try to answer as many of your questions as possible.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00039-00013497-00013860": "And we will also provide links to resources in the chat space.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00040-00013860-00014218": "Sabrina, welcome and thank you for joining us.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00041-00014218-00014363": "Can you briefly explain your role", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00042-00014363-00014627": "at the National LGBT Chamber of Commerce?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00043-00014627-00014790": "MS. SABRINA KENT: Absolutely, and thank", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00044-00014790-00014922": "you so much for having us here.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00045-00014922-00015204": "It's an absolute honor to represent NGLCC.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00046-00015204-00015429": "And happy pride to all of you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00047-00015429-00015805": "So NGLCC is the economic voice of the LGBT community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00048-00015805-00016008": "We work to foster economic empowerment", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00049-00016008-00016300": "for LGBT-owned businesses globally.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00050-00016300-00016599": "We are the sole certifying body for LGBT-owned businesses", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00051-00016599-00016833": "in the U.S. and the international registry", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00052-00016833-00017264": "for LGBT-owned businesses in other countries.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00053-00017264-00017579": "We represent over 60 affiliate chambers, more than 50", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00054-00017579-00017931": "in the United States and nearly 15 globally.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00055-00017931-00018117": "And over a third of the Fortune 500", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00056-00018117-00018263": "serve as our corporate partners who", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00057-00018263-00018617": "want to do business with LGBT-owned businesses.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00058-00018617-00018894": "In my role as chief of staff, I manage our board of directors,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00059-00018894-00019048": "as well as our team.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00060-00019048-00019329": "And I serve across special projects for the organization,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00061-00019329-00019709": "including our work in our NGLCC global division,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00062-00019709-00020066": "particularly on our India portfolio.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00063-00020066-00020510": "NGLCC Global is really a major component of our work", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00064-00020510-00020765": "here and why we're here today to chat with you all.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00065-00020765-00021023": "And I look forward to talking with all of you", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00066-00021023-00021218": "a little bit more about our work.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00067-00021218-00021326": "MR. ANDREWS: Thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00068-00021326-00021570": "Father O'Brien, thanks for joining us.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00069-00021570-00021737": "Do you mind telling the viewing audience", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00070-00021737-00022047": "a little about your work within the Church and in academia?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00071-00022047-00022160": "FATHER KEVIN O'BRIEN: Sure.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00072-00022160-00022404": "Thanks, Corey, for the invitation.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00073-00022404-00022539": "Yes, I'm Kevin O'Brien.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00074-00022539-00022987": "I'm a Jesuit priest that is in the Catholic Church.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00075-00022987-00023306": "I am the Dean of the Jesuit School of Theology", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00076-00023306-00023639": "at Santa Clara University in Northern California.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00077-00023639-00024026": "At our school, we train and educate future teachers", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00078-00024026-00024602": "and ministers in the Church, along with other schools", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00079-00024602-00024980": "located here in the different Protestant denominations", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00080-00024980-00025174": "and other Catholic traditions.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00081-00025174-00025625": "I also serve as a priest or a minister", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00082-00025625-00026168": "at local Catholic churches in the area on the weekends.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00083-00026168-00026480": "I'm here, I certainly speak out of the Catholic tradition", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00084-00026480-00026888": "of which I'm a part, but I also want", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00085-00026888-00027191": "to give voice to the other religious traditions which", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00086-00027191-00027569": "really share common grounds on certain fundamental principles", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00087-00027569-00027654": "of human dignity.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00088-00027654-00028064": "So I'll speak also about the Protestant traditions", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00089-00028064-00028268": "and the Jewish and Muslim traditions.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00090-00028268-00028538": "All these faith communities, including my own,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00091-00028538-00028766": "really do have common commitments to promote", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00092-00028766-00028979": "the dignity of all people.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00093-00028979-00029087": "MR. ANDREWS: Thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00094-00029087-00029268": "Sergeant Schrag, welcome.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00095-00029268-00029513": "Can you briefly share with us your background and work", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00096-00029513-00029674": "as a law enforcement officer?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00097-00029674-00029804": "SGT. BRADEN SCHRAG: Absolutely.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00098-00029804-00029941": "Thank you all for having me here.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00099-00029941-00030295": "And I'm honored to be a part of this esteemed panel today", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00100-00030295-00030626": "and being able to speak to everyone throughout the world.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00101-00030626-00031015": "So thank you all for those of you in the listening audience", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00102-00031015-00031182": "and viewing online throughout the world.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00103-00031182-00031433": "Thank you for you being here today", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00104-00031433-00031676": "and giving us an opportunity to share.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00105-00031676-00031961": "So in my background, a degree in psychology.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00106-00031961-00032120": "I've worked in pediatric mental health", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00107-00032120-00032389": "with children with severe emotional disabilities.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00108-00032389-00032602": "I've also worked as a social worker", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00109-00032602-00032756": "with children who have been abused,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00110-00032756-00033020": "neglected either physically or sexually.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00111-00033020-00033257": "And some time in the private sector.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00112-00033257-00033587": "I've been with the police department since 2004", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00113-00033587-00033944": "and had an opportunity to do some project development, grant", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00114-00033944-00034103": "management, working in our office.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00115-00034103-00034418": "So it's intergovernmental affairs, as well as", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00116-00034418-00034793": "helping to start two programs, specifically our Fusion Liaison", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00117-00034793-00035228": "Officer Program dealing in overt counterterrorism in working", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00118-00035228-00035441": "to counter violent extremism, as well", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00119-00035441-00035621": "as our Office of Community Engagement where", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00120-00035621-00035777": "I'm a sergeant today.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00121-00035777-00035990": "And in that role, we do a lot of work", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00122-00035990-00036383": "with a variety of community partners, be it the LGBTI--", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00123-00036383-00036644": "or Q, depending on where you're at how it's identified--", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00124-00036644-00036920": "as well as a number of faith-based,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00125-00036920-00037193": "civic institutions, working closely with the youth", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00126-00037193-00037415": "to address issues of gangs, violent", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00127-00037415-00037958": "extremism, traditional violence, as well as human trafficking.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00128-00037958-00038177": "And I'm currently working on projects", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00129-00038177-00038366": "related to the opioid epidemic.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00130-00038366-00038534": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00131-00038534-00038762": "Let me set the stage for the discussion.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00132-00038762-00038957": "In April of this year, the State Department", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00133-00038957-00039206": "released its annual human rights report.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00134-00039206-00039440": "And, once again, the report notes", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00135-00039440-00039638": "examples of violence being committed", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00136-00039638-00040043": "against LGBTI persons everywhere and government's failures", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00137-00040043-00040322": "to act on reports of such violence.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00138-00040322-00040739": "These stories need to be told to ensure they become less common.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00139-00040739-00040886": "I'm going to start the conversation", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00140-00040886-00041132": "with a broad question for our panel.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00141-00041132-00041508": "You each come from unique institutions and organizations.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00142-00041508-00041810": "Can you explain your approach and what lessons you think", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00143-00041810-00042101": "are most important to pass on for people working", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00144-00042101-00042485": "to make their communities more tolerant and inclusive of LGBTI", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00145-00042485-00042626": "individuals?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00146-00042626-00042893": "Sabrina, let's start with you and your experience", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00147-00042893-00043054": "with the business community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00148-00043054-00043188": "MS. KENT: Absolutely, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00149-00043188-00043595": "So as I mentioned before, we convene the private sector", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00150-00043595-00043817": "to work with LGBT-owned businesses,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00151-00043817-00044064": "both within the U.S. and globally.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00152-00044064-00044366": "And to that, we believe that businesses", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00153-00044366-00044654": "are vital components to the economic fiber of any country,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00154-00044654-00044936": "which, of course, we know through numbers.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00155-00044936-00045405": "In 2016, NGLCC released a report called the America's LGBT", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00156-00045405-00045485": "Economy Report.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00157-00045485-00045857": "And we're looking to replicate this study globally", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00158-00045857-00046004": "with our Latin American affiliates", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00159-00046004-00046238": "and in the Caribbean in a research study", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00160-00046238-00046409": "with the Organization of American States.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00161-00046409-00046479": "We're very proud.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00162-00046479-00046721": "This was announced in April of this year.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00163-00046721-00046919": "And it was actually, an MOU was signed", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00164-00046919-00047319": "by our president and the OAS.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00165-00047319-00047519": "But to borrow from our president, Justin Nelson,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00166-00047519-00047858": "he always says, \"You cannot have full equality without economic", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00167-00047858-00047909": "equality.\"", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00168-00047909-00048185": "And that means that everybody has a seat at the table.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00169-00048185-00048527": "Our report found that LGBT-owned businesses in the United States", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00170-00048527-00048950": "contribute $1.7 trillion annually to the global U.S.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00171-00048950-00049099": "economy.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00172-00049099-00049295": "As I mentioned, we're leading this research now", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00173-00049295-00049442": "on a global scale.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00174-00049442-00049679": "Beyond that, I think it's important to underscore", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00175-00049679-00049913": "that LGBT-own businesses aren't just LGBT-owned.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00176-00049913-00050126": "They're women-owned, they're ethnic minority-owned,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00177-00050126-00050367": "they're disability-owned, and so much more.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00178-00050367-00050567": "So when we're making a seat at the table for all", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00179-00050567-00050771": "of these businesses, we're insuring the diversity", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00180-00050771-00050895": "of thought, competitive bids.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00181-00050895-00051104": "And that ultimately drives business and influences", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00182-00051104-00051280": "our economy in a positive way.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00183-00051280-00051430": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00184-00051430-00051603": "Father O'Brien, your thoughts?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00185-00051603-00051812": "FATHER O'BRIEN: Yes, so I want to speak not simply", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00186-00051812-00052051": "from the Catholic tradition but Protestants", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00187-00052051-00052364": "and Jewish and Muslim traditions, which", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00188-00052364-00052925": "share certain common grounds on principles, which should define", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00189-00052925-00053282": "policy and structure debates about policy", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00190-00053282-00053524": "in this country and elsewhere.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00191-00053524-00053837": "The most fundamental religious conviction that we share", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00192-00053837-00054161": "is that all people are created in the image of God.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00193-00054161-00054391": "And this means that they enjoy a special dignity that", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00194-00054391-00054579": "can never, ever be taken away.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00195-00054579-00054777": "It must always be promoted.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00196-00054777-00054935": "That's fundamental.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00197-00054935-00055247": "So as children of God-- and again we may call God", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00198-00055247-00055702": "by different names, depending on your religious tradition--", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00199-00055702-00055848": "because we are all children of God,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00200-00055848-00055986": "we are brothers and sisters.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00201-00055986-00056216": "And thus, we have an obligation to care for one another", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00202-00056216-00056534": "as we would a member of our own family,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00203-00056534-00056905": "regardless of our background or identity.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00204-00056905-00057182": "Another way of saying that is that we", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00205-00057182-00057701": "live in solidarity with each other simply as human beings.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00206-00057701-00057916": "This means that we have to accompany each other,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00207-00057916-00058215": "walk with each other, listen to each other.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00208-00058215-00058559": "And part of that listening, then,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00209-00058559-00058962": "will ensure that any dialogue we have is truly deep", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00210-00058962-00059822": "and does not rest on superficial language and very quick ways", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00211-00059822-00060026": "or facile ways that we can relegate someone", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00212-00060026-00060419": "to the margins, so a dialogue that goes deep.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00213-00060419-00060730": "We also are striving to serve the common good, which", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00214-00060730-00060977": "means promoting conditions in society, no matter", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00215-00060977-00061253": "where we are, that are necessary for people", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00216-00061253-00061676": "to flourish socially, economically, spiritually,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00217-00061676-00061876": "and materially.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00218-00061876-00062204": "And finally, faith communities, again Christian, Muslim,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00219-00062204-00062677": "Jewish, and others, we have a special obligation", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00220-00062677-00062932": "to be a voice for those without a voice,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00221-00062932-00063190": "for those who are most vulnerable simply because they", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00222-00063190-00063299": "need us the most.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00223-00063299-00063796": "And so while we certainly pray for our brothers and sisters,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00224-00063796-00064276": "we also must pair that prayer, or spiritual practice,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00225-00064276-00064546": "with a labor for justice and making sure", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00226-00064546-00064779": "that these principles which I've just enunciated", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00227-00064779-00065260": "are actually affected practically in our policy", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00228-00065260-00065428": "and in our societies.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00229-00065428-00065563": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00230-00065563-00065779": "Sergeant Schrag, what would you like", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00231-00065779-00066028": "to share with people in law enforcement working", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00232-00066028-00066278": "to make their communities more inclusive?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00233-00066278-00066420": "SGT. SCHRAG: A few things is, when", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00234-00066420-00066645": "we look at making communities more inclusive,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00235-00066645-00066990": "we really subscribe the community policing philosophy.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00236-00066990-00067257": "We recognize that, as law enforcement,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00237-00067257-00067599": "we can't solve all the issues and problems of criminality", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00238-00067599-00067840": "and quality of life by ourselves.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00239-00067840-00068040": "And so it's incumbent upon us that we", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00240-00068040-00068403": "subscribe to that philosophy and engage with a wide range", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00241-00068403-00068583": "of community partners.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00242-00068583-00068880": "Those individuals know best what is needed for their community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00243-00068880-00069093": "And we want to make sure that we're not necessarily", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00244-00069093-00069672": "imposing our expectations of what is going to happen", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00245-00069672-00069915": "without having their inclusion.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00246-00069915-00070077": "I take that philosophy, and we do", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00247-00070077-00070260": "in our Office of Community Engagement,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00248-00070260-00070488": "to kind of special interests.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00249-00070488-00070758": "And that basically is no one gets hurt", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00250-00070758-00070918": "and no one ends up dead.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00251-00070918-00071250": "And what I mean by that is we want everybody", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00252-00071250-00071583": "to have a voice inside the police department.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00253-00071583-00071793": "I don't want anybody to feel afraid that they", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00254-00071793-00071936": "can't come to the police.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00255-00071936-00072228": "And I want police to understand that it's their responsibility", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00256-00072228-00072477": "to get out and engage with the community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00257-00072477-00072790": "As leadership within whatever community", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00258-00072790-00073161": "you represent, you take a commanding role", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00259-00073161-00073384": "in getting out and taking the first step.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00260-00073384-00073794": "Many folks, regardless of whether it's LGBTI or maybe", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00261-00073794-00074197": "a special interest group or a minority or ethnic group,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00262-00074197-00074427": "they may see law enforcement in fearful eyes.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00263-00074427-00074616": "And so it's our job to get out and make sure", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00264-00074616-00074784": "that we're doing everything we can", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00265-00074784-00075147": "to build and engage that community of trust with them.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00266-00075147-00075339": "And we kind of do that through the application", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00267-00075339-00075474": "of social identity theory.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00268-00075474-00075819": "And the very fundamental principles", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00269-00075819-00076062": "of the social identity theory is we move away", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00270-00076062-00076371": "from language of \"us and them\" to something more inclusive", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00271-00076371-00076584": "of all of \"we and our\".", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00272-00076584-00076879": "It's basically developing our mosaic as a community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00273-00076879-00077102": "We have very vibrant communities all over the world.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00274-00077102-00077320": "And specifically here in Las Vegas,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00275-00077320-00077697": "we work to not change who they are but have an adaptation that", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00276-00077697-00078057": "includes governments and law enforcement, social services,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00277-00078057-00078522": "and other individuals they may not traditionally or normally", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00278-00078522-00078636": "engage with.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00279-00078636-00078849": "And then, finally, is working through our four core", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00280-00078849-00079129": "principles of outreach, education, awareness,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00281-00079129-00079233": "and engagement.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00282-00079233-00079404": "And those four core principles for us", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00283-00079404-00079818": "give us sort of a guideline of evaluation and re-evaluation", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00284-00079818-00080151": "of what are we doing to connect with our community,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00285-00080151-00080421": "with the ultimate goal being that bidirectional engagement", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00286-00080421-00080697": "activity of developing or participating", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00287-00080697-00081153": "in a wide range of programs, projects, or initiatives", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00288-00081153-00081444": "that make communities more inclusive.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00289-00081444-00081540": "MR. ANDREWS: Thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00290-00081540-00081750": "Now, before we turn to viewer questions", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00291-00081750-00082137": "from Ciudad Juarez and the larger global online audience,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00292-00082137-00082299": "let's dig into a poll question we", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00293-00082299-00082491": "shared on social media in the days", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00294-00082491-00082692": "leading up to this discussion.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00295-00082692-00083010": "We asked, \"Where do you think LGBTI inclusion", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00296-00083010-00083367": "initiatives could be most effective within a community?\"", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00297-00083367-00083627": "You can see the results on the screen.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00298-00083627-00083879": "The top answer was schools, followed", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00299-00083879-00084269": "by local government, then faith communities, law enforcement,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00300-00084269-00084466": "and businesses.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00301-00084466-00084636": "What are your reactions to this poll?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00302-00084636-00084879": "Sabrina, let's start with you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00303-00084879-00085010": "MS. KENT: Absolutely.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00304-00085010-00085173": "You know, I think it's really important", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00305-00085173-00085365": "to underscore that all of these segments", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00306-00085365-00085701": "are vital to our community and to our community's ability", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00307-00085701-00085788": "to thrive.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00308-00085788-00085926": "And I think it's really important", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00309-00085926-00086155": "to also underscore that these different segments should", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00310-00086155-00086474": "work together and to be able to create the largest impact.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00311-00086474-00086732": "I think from the business perspective,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00312-00086732-00086925": "you know, businesses are government", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00313-00086925-00087069": "and economic influencers, as we've", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00314-00087069-00087333": "talked before, not just small businesses but corporations", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00315-00087333-00087383": "as well.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00316-00087383-00087612": "And I think sometimes, in the absence of governments,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00317-00087612-00087852": "especially in a global context, corporations", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00318-00087852-00088224": "can really speak to a culture and really change", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00319-00088224-00088575": "the way people think about LGBTI inclusion.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00320-00088575-00088838": "I'll give an example from our work in India.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00321-00088838-00089043": "When we were conducting our in-country assessment", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00322-00089043-00089156": "in India--", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00323-00089156-00089376": "and I can't name partner-- we were meeting", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00324-00089376-00089547": "with a large corporation.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00325-00089547-00089889": "They have over 20,000 employees across India.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00326-00089889-00090093": "And this individual started on the tech side,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00327-00090093-00090330": "and now he's in a prominent leadership role on the HR", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00328-00090330-00090619": "and diversity and inclusion side of the company.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00329-00090619-00090891": "And because of his experience being so welcomed", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00330-00090891-00091185": "in his corporation in his everyday job,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00331-00091185-00091449": "he was then able to come out to his family and friends", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00332-00091449-00091722": "in a context in which he felt he would never have the chance", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00333-00091722-00091786": "to do that.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00334-00091786-00092082": "So when we're talking from the context of businesses,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00335-00092082-00092350": "you know, businesses speak largely to the community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00336-00092350-00092517": "And it's also very important, you", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00337-00092517-00092854": "know, to underscore that businesses employ LGBT people,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00338-00092854-00092979": "whether or not they know that.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00339-00092979-00093171": "And knowing that you can have a safe space", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00340-00093171-00093429": "to work or to contract as a business that", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00341-00093429-00093675": "might be LGBT-owned is vital and important.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00342-00093675-00094023": "And it also sends a message to our youth to say,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00343-00094023-00094326": "the future is better, you can be out,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00344-00094326-00094581": "you can live your life authentically.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00345-00094581-00094776": "And that, I think, is very important", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00346-00094776-00095074": "in overall cultural attitudes and shifting minds.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00347-00095074-00095199": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00348-00095199-00095450": "Father O'Brien, your reaction to the poll?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00349-00095450-00095588": "MS. KENT: Yeah, I'm not surprised", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00350-00095588-00096075": "that faith communities are seen as a place where inclusion can", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00351-00096075-00096408": "be promoted, well, simply because people", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00352-00096408-00096648": "are part of churches, and synagogues, and mosques,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00353-00096648-00096858": "and other faith communities in order", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00354-00096858-00097461": "to form their consciences, in order to learn about values,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00355-00097461-00097705": "and to learn how to practice them.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00356-00097705-00098085": "And so certainly inclusivity and dialogue and respect", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00357-00098085-00098436": "for human dignity will be fundamental to any faith", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00358-00098436-00098490": "community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00359-00098490-00098808": "So I'm pleased to know that many people actually", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00360-00098808-00099140": "affirm the roles that faith communities have.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00361-00099140-00099390": "And again, the other reason why I think they're so effective", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00362-00099390-00099483": "is that they're local.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00363-00099483-00099703": "I mean, they are absolutely everywhere.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00364-00099703-00099986": "And so often, on the local level,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00365-00099986-00100509": "most of the impacts where the policies can be very, very", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00366-00100509-00100920": "effective and change can be affected on the local level", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00367-00100920-00101223": "often before the national level because, again, we're dealing", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00368-00101223-00101528": "with people-to-people contact.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00369-00101528-00101706": "So I do think that faith communities need", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00370-00101706-00102138": "to be affirmed and emboldened in their commitment,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00371-00102138-00102363": "not simply to this issue but other issues that affect", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00372-00102363-00102651": "human dignity including, for instance, migration", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00373-00102651-00102867": "and immigration, which we are talking about a lot", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00374-00102867-00103128": "now certainly in the United States and Mexico.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00375-00103128-00103422": "MR. ANDREWS: And Braden, your thoughts on the poll?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00376-00103422-00103644": "SGT. SCHRAG: I agree with Father O'Brien.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00377-00103644-00103917": "It doesn't surprise me that law enforcement, in some ways,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00378-00103917-00104127": "is listed more towards the bottom.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00379-00104127-00104609": "But I think that there is a lot of influence and encouragement", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00380-00104609-00104955": "that law enforcement can provide to a wide range of communities.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00381-00104955-00105284": "As a community leader in one of the most visible aspects", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00382-00105284-00105645": "of government in any country, we play", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00383-00105645-00106152": "a very commanding role in in-house social issues", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00384-00106152-00106549": "or other activities of a community may be looked at", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00385-00106549-00106746": "or how they're shaped.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00386-00106746-00107169": "Some of the work I'm doing in the opioid epidemic right now,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00387-00107169-00107346": "the introduction of law enforcement", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00388-00107346-00107826": "has really shaped a much more collaborative environment", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00389-00107826-00107979": "with some of our community partners", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00390-00107979-00108327": "and I believe the same with other vulnerable communities.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00391-00108327-00108645": "Our job is to protect all members of our community,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00392-00108645-00108813": "regardless of who they are, and ensure", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00393-00108813-00109018": "that there's equal treatment.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00394-00109018-00109358": "Our influence and sometimes just mere presence", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00395-00109358-00109709": "can have significant influence and empowerment", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00396-00109709-00109910": "to vulnerable communities.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00397-00109910-00110091": "And it also sets the stage for what is", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00398-00110091-00110283": "tolerated within a community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00399-00110283-00110529": "If law enforcement is passive and stands by,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00400-00110529-00110799": "it sends the message that certain types of behavior", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00401-00110799-00110901": "are OK.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00402-00110901-00111185": "And when we're looking to have inclusive environments", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00403-00111185-00111686": "and ensure that our most vulnerable populations are", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00404-00111686-00112149": "taken care of, it's incumbent that we take an active role", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00405-00112149-00112329": "in supporting those institutions,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00406-00112329-00112603": "either independently or in collaborative effort,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00407-00112603-00113079": "of those institutions that are actively working to work.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00408-00113079-00113584": "No one entity organization can create an inclusive environment", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00409-00113584-00113634": "alone.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00410-00113634-00113922": "It takes everybody working together as a team", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00411-00113922-00114243": "to make that happen.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00412-00114243-00114634": "And we've seen that, even with our transgender community of--", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00413-00114634-00114809": "Every couple of months, every other month,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00414-00114809-00114951": "I spend time at our center, which", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00415-00114951-00115310": "is our hub of community and social services", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00416-00115310-00115572": "and speak to members of the transgender community", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00417-00115572-00115818": "or working with other community stakeholders.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00418-00115818-00115977": "And sometimes, just the mere presence", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00419-00115977-00116534": "of LVMPD's name, of Las Vegas Metro's name on a flyer", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00420-00116534-00116811": "sends a message that this is about inclusion.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00421-00116811-00117067": "This is we support this effort.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00422-00117067-00117371": "So I think it takes everybody working together.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00423-00117371-00117567": "MR. ANDREWS: Let's now go to our online viewing", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00424-00117567-00117958": "group at the U.S. Consulate in Ciudad Juarez in Mexico,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00425-00117958-00118200": "where Public Affairs Officer Brian Straight will", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00426-00118200-00118350": "introduce the group.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00427-00118350-00118641": "Then we'll take a couple of questions from the audience.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00428-00118641-00118829": "Hi, Brian.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00429-00118829-00119071": "MR. BRIAN STRAIGHT: Corey, excellent to be with all of you", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00430-00119071-00119149": "today.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00431-00119149-00119441": "And we couldn't be happier, we couldn't", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00432-00119441-00119629": "be prouder to be able to participate in this.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00433-00119629-00119926": "So thank you very, very much for making it possible", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00434-00119926-00120233": "and for giving us an opportunity.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00435-00120233-00120607": "Sure, I think that in Mexico, just like in most parts", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00436-00120607-00120826": "of the world, you know, a lot has", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00437-00120826-00121099": "been achieved in terms of the struggle for equal rights", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00438-00121099-00121396": "for the LGBTI community, but there's a lot of work that", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00439-00121396-00121533": "remains to be done.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00440-00121533-00121702": "And just like all of our panelists", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00441-00121702-00122008": "have alluded to today, none of the work", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00442-00122008-00122242": "is done by institutions or individuals", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00443-00122242-00122358": "operating on their own.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00444-00122358-00122755": "Everybody, absolutely everybody, has to bond and work", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00445-00122755-00123025": "together with community leaders, with activists,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00446-00123025-00123256": "with civil society, with everybody else.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00447-00123256-00123454": "Because, really, it's a question of strength", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00448-00123454-00123803": "in numbers for positive changes to be made.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00449-00123803-00124138": "And so to that end, it's the absolute same situation for us", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00450-00124138-00124393": "here at the United States Consulate in Juarez.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00451-00124393-00124556": "We can't do anything on our own.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00452-00124556-00124918": "And so we actively partner with civil society organizations", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00453-00124918-00125158": "and anybody who's willing to work with us in order", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00454-00125158-00125339": "to spread the good word about human rights", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00455-00125339-00125610": "and spread the good word about the need for equal rights", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00456-00125610-00125901": "for absolutely every person in the LGBTI community", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00457-00125901-00126159": "and for every other vulnerable community and, for that matter,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00458-00126159-00126322": "for every single person in Juarez,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00459-00126322-00126475": "in the state of Chihuahua in Mexico", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00460-00126475-00126623": "and throughout the world.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00461-00126623-00126885": "And so some of the best partners that we've had", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00462-00126885-00127243": "are actually with me today in this very room,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00463-00127243-00127560": "our multipurpose room here in the U.S. Consulate in Juarez.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00464-00127560-00127819": "And they are representatives of an NGO", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00465-00127819-00128143": "that's been operating in the region here for 32 years.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00466-00128143-00128485": "They just celebrated their 32 anniversary,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00467-00128485-00128693": "and they're called Programa Compañeros.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00468-00128693-00128905": "We've been working with them very actively", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00469-00128905-00129144": "on a number of Pride Month initiatives and doing stuff,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00470-00129144-00129328": "you know, all throughout the year with them.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00471-00129328-00129579": "Because this is really evergreen material,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00472-00129579-00129696": "if you want to call it that.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00473-00129696-00130081": "It's a struggle that needs to take place every day, all day.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00474-00130081-00130396": "We've also got people from their youth group,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00475-00130396-00130528": "which is called Pasa la Voz.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00476-00130528-00130752": "In English that means, \"spread the word.\"", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00477-00130752-00130915": "And then we've got representatives here", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00478-00130915-00131230": "from another NGO called Derechos Humanos Integrales,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00479-00131230-00131473": "which means \"integral human rights,\"", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00480-00131473-00131644": "another prestigious organization that", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00481-00131644-00131852": "is working here in Juarez and throughout the state", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00482-00131852-00131906": "of Chihuahua.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00483-00131906-00132031": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00484-00132031-00132139": "Glad to see all of you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00485-00132139-00132373": "Does your audience have a question for us?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00486-00132373-00132503": "MR. STRAIGHT: Absolutely!", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00487-00132851-00133128": "MR. MIGUEL JÁCOME: Hi, good morning, everybody.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00488-00133128-00133454": "My name is Miguel, Miguel Jácome.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00489-00133454-00134082": "And the first question is, what are some best practices", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00490-00134082-00134477": "to empower the LGBT community?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00491-00134477-00134603": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00492-00134603-00134954": "I believe the question was, what are some best practices", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00493-00134954-00135260": "to empower the LGBT community?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00494-00135260-00135431": "Let's see, Sabrina, would you like", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00495-00135431-00135557": "to try and answer that one?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00496-00135557-00135744": "MS. KENT: Sure, yeah, I'll give it a go.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00497-00135744-00135989": "So from the NGLCC perspective, we", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00498-00135989-00136288": "believe that it's very important for LGBT people", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00499-00136288-00136526": "to have an economic seat at the table, which is something", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00500-00136526-00136733": "that I mentioned prior to.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00501-00136733-00137039": "And for us, you know, we work with global affiliate chambers", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00502-00137039-00137186": "of commerce.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00503-00137186-00137462": "We have over 15 in our network and they", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00504-00137462-00137681": "span over 30 countries.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00505-00137681-00137948": "Those individuals are working in their respective countries", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00506-00137948-00138248": "to create opportunities for LGBT-owned businesses.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00507-00138248-00138494": "So I would say a best practice, and going back to that idea", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00508-00138494-00138653": "that we have strength in numbers and that we all", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00509-00138653-00138905": "must work together in order to achieve full equality,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00510-00138905-00139238": "is to really drive that economic voice of the LGBT community", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00511-00139238-00139481": "on the ground to really be able to empower", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00512-00139481-00139874": "folks to live their lives, put roofs over their heads.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00513-00139874-00140168": "That's, I think, a vital component of anyone's survival.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00514-00140168-00140496": "And it all starts with the bottom line, which is money.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00515-00140496-00140584": "FATHER O'BRIEN: Yeah.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00516-00140584-00140811": "And, Corey, I would say, you know,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00517-00140811-00141327": "a best practice is something our parents taught us", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00518-00141327-00141636": "that faith communities should imitate more and more", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00519-00141636-00141771": "is welcoming people, right?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00520-00141771-00141912": "Hospitality.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00521-00141912-00142329": "And you don't need a whole lot of money or organization", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00522-00142329-00142395": "to do that.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00523-00142395-00142599": "That can be done on a one-to-one basis.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00524-00142599-00142929": "Or a faith community, local church, parish, synagogue,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00525-00142929-00143275": "temple, whatever, can just be very intentional about how", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00526-00143275-00143949": "it speaks about LGBTI persons, about they're welcome to them.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00527-00143949-00144162": "Now, within each of the religious communities,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00528-00144162-00144435": "there are differences on doctrine and interpretation", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00529-00144435-00144699": "of scripture, and I don't mean to gloss over that.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00530-00144699-00145032": "But those differences should never lead to marginalization", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00531-00145032-00145272": "and certainly not violence.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00532-00145272-00145428": "So I think there's a way that we can", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00533-00145428-00145827": "have effective and meaningful dialogue by beginning", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00534-00145827-00146106": "with welcoming and listening.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00535-00146106-00146487": "I mean, Pope Francis, you know, in the Catholic tradition,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00536-00146487-00146730": "certainly has reminded those of us in the church", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00537-00146730-00147045": "that, before we teach, we need to listen", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00538-00147045-00147318": "so that our dialogue in our accompaniment of others", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00539-00147318-00147578": "can be truly, truly meaningful and effective.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00540-00147578-00147860": "MR. ANDREWS: Juarez, do you have another question for us?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00541-00147860-00148026": "JUAREZ REPRESENTATIVE 1: Yes, of course.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00542-00148026-00148156": "Good morning to all.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00543-00148156-00148537": "How can we promote a better relationship between the police", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00544-00148537-00148781": "and the LGBTI community?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00545-00148781-00148906": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00546-00148906-00149064": "I believe the question was, how can we", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00547-00149064-00149308": "promote a better relationship between the police", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00548-00149308-00149500": "and the LGBTI community?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00549-00149500-00149572": "Which is great.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00550-00149572-00149845": "Sergeant Schrag, I'll go to you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00551-00149845-00149998": "SGT. SCHRAG: Excellent question.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00552-00149998-00150286": "I think from a community standpoint, you know,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00553-00150286-00150397": "it's important--", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00554-00150397-00150575": "Let me start with law enforcement.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00555-00150575-00150877": "It's important that we ensure, as law enforcement,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00556-00150877-00151214": "that we're providing equal protection under the law.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00557-00151214-00151531": "And everybody deserves a voice inside the police department.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00558-00151531-00151833": "And it's a bidirectional action.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00559-00151833-00152089": "A community needs to take an active role", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00560-00152089-00152299": "and so does law enforcement engaging.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00561-00152299-00152515": "And so from the community standpoint,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00562-00152515-00152860": "I think it's actively engaging law enforcement,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00563-00152860-00153322": "inviting them to events, programs, projects", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00564-00153322-00153604": "or initiatives, working together in a collaborative effort", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00565-00153604-00153802": "to create something new that's never been", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00566-00153802-00153988": "done before in the community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00567-00153988-00154492": "And by doing that, we help to demystify and humanize", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00568-00154492-00154576": "each other.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00569-00154576-00154840": "Oftentimes, law enforcement, especially in the U.S.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00570-00154840-00155377": "is kind of this blanket thing, this apparition that", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00571-00155377-00155553": "sort of floats around.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00572-00155553-00155728": "And at the end of the day, law enforcement", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00573-00155728-00156371": "are fathers, husbands, brothers, sisters, parents, grandparents.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00574-00156371-00156629": "And that's the same thing in any vulnerable community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00575-00156629-00156799": "And from the LGBT community, it's", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00576-00156799-00157081": "important that officers see that as well", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00577-00157081-00157495": "and works to help break down those barriers", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00578-00157495-00157840": "and ensure a longer-term commitment and collaborative", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00579-00157840-00157963": "effort between everyone.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00580-00157963-00158449": "So I would say just actively engaging or inviting", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00581-00158449-00158935": "law enforcement, holding an open house, educating the community", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00582-00158935-00159208": "law enforcement and other government entities", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00583-00159208-00159388": "about what are some of the services,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00584-00159388-00159652": "capacities, and programs that are available.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00585-00159652-00160162": "And encouraging law enforcement to, as they", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00586-00160162-00160612": "come across those who identify, that they now", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00587-00160612-00160822": "have an additional community resource.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00588-00160822-00160981": "For some, it's a very difficult topic.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00589-00160981-00161126": "And I know in U.S. law enforcement,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00590-00161126-00161305": "sometimes it's a difficult topic,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00591-00161305-00161840": "whether it's LGBT I, A, in any derivative,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00592-00161840-00162094": "it can sometimes be an uncomfortable moment.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00593-00162094-00162394": "And if they don't know, it's an important piece,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00594-00162394-00162586": "much like our four core principals,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00595-00162586-00162907": "being able to educate officers about the community", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00596-00162907-00163207": "as much as officers can educate the community about how", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00597-00163207-00163515": "law enforcement engages and interacts.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00598-00163515-00163682": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you very much.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00599-00163682-00163967": "Now let's take some questions from the chat space or those", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00600-00163967-00164198": "following along on Twitter using the #LGBTI.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00601-00164556-00164755": "Here's our question.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00602-00164755-00165083": "Who have been your most unexpected allies?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00603-00165083-00165450": "And what is your approach to cultivating allies?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00604-00165450-00165657": "Father O'Brien, would you like to take a stab", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00605-00165657-00165798": "at this one first?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00606-00165798-00166253": "FATHER O'BRIEN: Well, I think the most effective allies are,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00607-00166253-00166878": "I mean, within the faith communities are LGBT persons", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00608-00166878-00167040": "within our communities, right?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00609-00167040-00167386": "Who in a sense teach those about their experience.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00610-00167386-00167796": "And I know those aren't allies, those are actual LGBTI persons.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00611-00167796-00167997": "But when I think about faith communities, what", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00612-00167997-00168210": "we need more of it is their voices", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00613-00168210-00168365": "to be heard and understood.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00614-00168635-00168832": "So I think that that's something I", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00615-00168832-00169378": "think we need to reinforce so that we, in the faith", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00616-00169378-00169819": "communities, can be better allies to our LGBTQ persons", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00617-00169819-00170101": "who may not have a voice, whether economically", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00618-00170101-00170350": "or politically.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00619-00170350-00170587": "As I reflect on this conversation", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00620-00170587-00171013": "and see our friends in Ciudad Juarez,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00621-00171013-00171269": "I'm reminded that often, you know, there's", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00622-00171269-00171424": "vulnerable populations everywhere,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00623-00171424-00171589": "for instance migrants and refugees.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00624-00171589-00171983": "But LGBTI persons are often the most vulnerable", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00625-00171983-00172260": "within vulnerable populations.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00626-00172260-00172604": "And so I think it very, very important for us as allies", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00627-00172604-00172825": "to be very sensitive to those who", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00628-00172825-00173159": "are serving to be their protector,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00629-00173159-00173510": "particularly those who are most vulnerable to any type of abuse", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00630-00173510-00173666": "or physical violence.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00631-00173666-00173762": "MR. ANDREWS: Thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00632-00173762-00173963": "And, Sabrina, what are your approaches", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00633-00173963-00174152": "to cultivating allies?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00634-00174152-00174239": "MS. KENT: Certainly.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00635-00174239-00174524": "So for NGLCC, you know, a large part of our work", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00636-00174524-00174674": "is influenced by the private sector.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00637-00174674-00174845": "And so I would say it would be impossible", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00638-00174845-00174990": "for us to do our work if it weren't", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00639-00174990-00175262": "for the support of the private sector mandating that they", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00640-00175262-00175546": "want to include LGBT-owned businesses in their supply", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00641-00175546-00175596": "chains.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00642-00175596-00175805": "They want that opportunity to be created.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00643-00175805-00176063": "And they know that it's vital to the success", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00644-00176063-00176232": "of their businesses.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00645-00176232-00176432": "I think something, I don't know if it's as much", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00646-00176432-00176666": "of a surprise in terms of cultivating allies,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00647-00176666-00176941": "but, you know, something that's interesting about NGLCC", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00648-00176941-00177155": "is we did not start as an organization that", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00649-00177155-00177326": "did advocacy work.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00650-00177326-00177659": "But we were approached by various cities and states", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00651-00177659-00177944": "to begin doing this advocacy work to help mandate", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00652-00177944-00178130": "the inclusion of LGBT-owned businesses", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00653-00178130-00178314": "and to city and state law.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00654-00178314-00178520": "And that's vitally important for our businesses", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00655-00178520-00178703": "to be able to identify themselves", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00656-00178703-00178949": "in the process of contracting with government.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00657-00178949-00179177": "And so I would say, you know, from all aspects,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00658-00179177-00179558": "our community partners, our global affiliates as well", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00659-00179558-00179837": "as our local affiliates across the United States,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00660-00179837-00180137": "as well as our advocacy partners and our corporations,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00661-00180137-00180308": "have really been those allies that", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00662-00180308-00180527": "help strengthen our movement, that help", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00663-00180527-00180770": "drive home the message that LGBT-owned businesses are", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00664-00180770-00180941": "important, they can't be ignored,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00665-00180941-00181271": "they're economic contributors, and they're job creators,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00666-00181271-00181502": "and they deserve an equal seat at the table.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00667-00181502-00181644": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00668-00181644-00181883": "For Father O'Brien and Sergeant Schrag,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00669-00181883-00182147": "what has been the most challenging in your fields", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00670-00182147-00182423": "in advocating for LGBTI inclusion?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00671-00182423-00182672": "And how have you overcome these challenges?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00672-00182672-00182879": "Sergeant Schrag, can we start with you?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00673-00182879-00183017": "SGT. SCHRAG: Absolutely.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00674-00183017-00183281": "I think sometimes there's an inherent fear of law", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00675-00183281-00183704": "enforcement and, in particular, with our transgender community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00676-00183704-00183932": "There is a lot of times myths, and I", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00677-00183932-00184157": "think that's probably the same in the faith community,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00678-00184157-00184634": "about what really happens And so we've seen some of the concerns", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00679-00184634-00185030": "from our community and worked to address them", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00680-00185030-00185232": "through unrelenting outreach.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00681-00185232-00185525": "It's been a dedicated effort and commitment on our part", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00682-00185525-00185747": "to engage our community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00683-00185747-00185969": "As I mentioned earlier, participating we have what's", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00684-00185969-00186245": "called Sargent's Corner over at the center.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00685-00186245-00186842": "And knowing that there is some hesitation or some fear of law", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00686-00186842-00187238": "enforcement by members of the transgender community,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00687-00187238-00187478": "it was a commitment by myself and the center", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00688-00187478-00187724": "that, even if nobody showed up, it was important", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00689-00187724-00187886": "that we were there.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00690-00187886-00188099": "And that sends a message, I think, right away", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00691-00188099-00188294": "to help develop those relationships", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00692-00188294-00188546": "and conduct some of that outreach to help break down", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00693-00188546-00188699": "some of those barriers.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00694-00188699-00188843": "And the consistency.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00695-00188843-00189101": "It's consistency on the part of the officer,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00696-00189101-00189440": "on law enforcement, to ensure that they're engaged.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00697-00189440-00189674": "And we've taken some other unique approaches.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00698-00189674-00189932": "We have our Sheriff's Multicultural Advisory Council,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00699-00189932-00190238": "where a wide range of community partners", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00700-00190238-00190613": "engage with law enforcement to our senior leadership,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00701-00190613-00190919": "in particular, with our sheriff and the executive staff.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00702-00190919-00191270": "And these include members from the LGBTI community", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00703-00191270-00191460": "who advocate on behalf.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00704-00191460-00191722": "And so at the top, there's an expectation", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00705-00191722-00192221": "in receiving information and how we can best", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00706-00192221-00192449": "serve the community down to folks", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00707-00192449-00192884": "at my level and the officers that I supervise who go out", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00708-00192884-00193088": "and engage with the communities.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00709-00193088-00193346": "So we look at a top-down, bottom-up approach.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00710-00193346-00193715": "And this helps to empower the community", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00711-00193715-00193934": "know that, at all levels, we're working", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00712-00193934-00194246": "to break down those barriers and engage with the community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00713-00194246-00194384": "MR. ANDREWS: And, Father O'Brien,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00714-00194384-00194606": "can you speak to the challenges in your work", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00715-00194606-00194744": "and how you've overcome them?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00716-00194744-00194951": "FATHER O'BRIEN: Yeah, so I think I speak--", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00717-00194951-00195159": "let me name two challenges.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00718-00195159-00195627": "One, fear of the unknown.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00719-00195627-00196061": "So I think that there are people within the Church", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00720-00196061-00196391": "and religious communities that don't know,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00721-00196391-00196682": "do not have direct experience or understanding of what", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00722-00196682-00196970": "it means to be an LGBTI person.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00723-00196970-00197336": "And often, the response is fear of the other.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00724-00197336-00197777": "They don't know how to respond or how to talk.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00725-00197777-00198053": "It's not part of their experience.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00726-00198053-00198168": "They don't know what to do.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00727-00198168-00198503": "So the first thing is to help overcome that fear", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00728-00198503-00198830": "from ministers and religious persons", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00729-00198830-00199049": "within a church community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00730-00199049-00199331": "And the best way to do that is by encouraging this dialogue", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00731-00199331-00199661": "that we have spoken about so far this hour.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00732-00199661-00200075": "It's very, very important to ensure them", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00733-00200075-00200517": "that fear can be overcome when the other is known.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00734-00200517-00200801": "The other obstacle I think is their hurts", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00735-00200801-00201035": "that LGBTI persons have experienced", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00736-00201035-00201270": "within faith communities.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00737-00201270-00201481": "It could have come through their parents.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00738-00201481-00201710": "It could have come through a religious authority", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00739-00201710-00201858": "of some sort.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00740-00201858-00202031": "But somehow they have been hurt by", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00741-00202031-00202310": "or have not experienced the love of God", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00742-00202310-00202595": "directly or have been told that they are not", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00743-00202595-00202883": "loved until they change.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00744-00202883-00203219": "That goes against every part of any mainstream", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00745-00203219-00203498": "religious conviction where every person", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00746-00203498-00203729": "is a valued child of God.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00747-00203729-00203927": "So the other obstacle we need to overcome", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00748-00203927-00204215": "or the other challenge for us within the faith community", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00749-00204215-00204827": "is to listen to that hurt and to help overcome that hurt", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00750-00204827-00205229": "or heal that hurt through the power of tenderness", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00751-00205229-00205777": "and what I said earlier about the awesome power of welcome.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00752-00205777-00206021": "And so I think overcoming hurts and overcoming fear", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00753-00206021-00206252": "are two obstacles that we need to be very", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00754-00206252-00206442": "intentional about overcoming.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00755-00206442-00206567": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00756-00206567-00206756": "And we're going to stick with you for a second, Father", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00757-00206756-00206805": "O'Brien.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00758-00206805-00207119": "We have a question from Rochelle and the viewing group", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00759-00207119-00207383": "at the U.S. Embassy in Namibia.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00760-00207383-00207640": "\"What do you think is the path to acceptance", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00761-00207640-00208028": "of LGBT people in the Catholic Church and other traditions", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00762-00208028-00208246": "as opposed to tolerance?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00763-00208246-00208367": "Pope Francis talks about--", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00764-00208367-00208592": "FATHER O'BRIEN: Yeah, I think that's a great question,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00765-00208592-00208727": "Rochelle.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00766-00208727-00209039": "And welcome to our friends in Africa.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00767-00209303-00209494": "There's a great distinction between tolerance,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00768-00209494-00209705": "which is putting up with someone,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00769-00209705-00209948": "and true hospitality or welcome.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00770-00209948-00210275": "And certainly in the Jewish, Catholic or Muslim traditions,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00771-00210275-00210721": "hospitality is a central virtue in religious practice.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00772-00210721-00211031": "And hospitality means that when we welcome someone,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00773-00211031-00211471": "we reverence them as, in the Christian tradition,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00774-00211471-00211839": "we would say the stranger is Christ coming to us.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00775-00211839-00212173": "And so we reverence that person as holy.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00776-00212173-00212473": "And that reverence means we just don't tolerate them,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00777-00212473-00212914": "but we welcome them in as part of our community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00778-00212914-00213311": "Now, as part of that community, we all have something to learn.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00779-00213311-00213509": "Religious authorities have something to learn.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00780-00213509-00213782": "Those who worship with us have something to learn.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00781-00213782-00214046": "People who have been part of our tradition for decades", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00782-00214046-00214166": "have something to learn.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00783-00214166-00214394": "And certainly, newcomers have something to learn.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00784-00214394-00214640": "But learning will only take place", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00785-00214640-00214925": "if we truly are welcoming people who are different than us", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00786-00214925-00215219": "in our communities and authentically listening.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00787-00215219-00215432": "And that listening is hard because that", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00788-00215432-00215786": "means that sometimes our prejudices and biases are", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00789-00215786-00216086": "challenged and we'll need to let go of them.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00790-00216086-00216496": "So as we do this very sometimes difficult dialogue,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00791-00216496-00216671": "I think is very important for all of us", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00792-00216671-00217038": "to be very gentle and patient with one another,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00793-00217038-00217373": "that we quickly do not fall into camps of \"right or wrong\"", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00794-00217373-00217694": "or \"either or\" or \"good or evil.\"", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00795-00217694-00217850": "That won't work.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00796-00217850-00218309": "Instead, if we can practice the best of our religious tradition", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00797-00218309-00218623": "by being patient with one another and hospitable to one", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00798-00218623-00218891": "another, I think we can move a lot.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00799-00218891-00219067": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00800-00219067-00219254": "Sergeant Schrag, I have a question for you", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00801-00219254-00219644": "from Alfredo Velazco from Ecuador who asks,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00802-00219644-00219833": "\"Can you recommend public policies", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00803-00219833-00220184": "that can be used to combat cyber bullying against the LGBTI", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00804-00220184-00220367": "community?\"", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00805-00220367-00220752": "SGT. SCHRAG: That's a really great question.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00806-00220752-00221046": "Cyber is not necessarily my strong suit,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00807-00221046-00221454": "but what I would say is there's a balance between freedom", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00808-00221454-00221637": "of speech and hate speech.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00809-00221637-00221942": "And we look at it in, you know, context", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00810-00221942-00222180": "of wanting to share voices, we also", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00811-00222180-00222654": "need to work to ensure that those voices of our most", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00812-00222654-00222762": "vulnerable are heard.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00813-00222762-00222996": "And I'd say from a public policy standpoint", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00814-00222996-00223428": "or even just an individual standpoint, social media", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00815-00223428-00223638": "and our digital platforms have become", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00816-00223638-00223988": "such a pervasive part of the fabric of our community,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00817-00223988-00224271": "and it's such a change in a short period of time,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00818-00224271-00224673": "that working with those main providers,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00819-00224673-00225132": "such as Facebook or Twitter, to have them internally", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00820-00225132-00225489": "work to remove some of the hateful and damaging speech", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00821-00225489-00225604": "that's out there.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00822-00225604-00225750": "I think it's also about educating", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00823-00225750-00226134": "youth and our community about what", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00824-00226134-00226362": "is acceptable in a community, not tolerated.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00825-00226362-00226638": "I agree with Father O'Brien on that difference", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00826-00226638-00226861": "between tolerance and acceptance.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00827-00226861-00227013": "And so we need to look and say what", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00828-00227013-00227454": "is acceptable in our community and educate individuals", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00829-00227454-00227886": "about appropriate use of the social media tools.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00830-00227886-00228360": "And also teaching our youth, as well as adults, times", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00831-00228360-00229152": "to disconnect, times to unplug or ensure privacy settings", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00832-00229152-00229590": "are more refined in activities like that.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00833-00229590-00229892": "That would be some of the initial suggestions.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00834-00229892-00230205": "Having also some open public forums and discussion", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00835-00230205-00230514": "throughout the community and public service announcements.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00836-00230514-00230869": "But from one single public policy,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00837-00230869-00231096": "I don't know that I would be in the best position", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00838-00231096-00231200": "to state that.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00839-00231200-00231375": "MR. ANDREWS: And I have a question for you", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00840-00231375-00231671": "from Linda in Namibia that's hopefully closer", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00841-00231671-00231869": "to your direct experience.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00842-00231869-00232134": "\"How do you navigate non-responsive law enforcement", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00843-00232134-00232304": "agencies?\"", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00844-00232304-00232375": "SGT. SCHRAG: Ooh.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00845-00232915-00233086": "We've been very fortunate.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00846-00233086-00233269": "Many of the agencies that we've worked with", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00847-00233269-00233448": "have been responsive.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00848-00233448-00233689": "But for those who are unresponsive, and there", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00849-00233689-00233992": "are many of them out there, is to continue", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00850-00233992-00234169": "to be an unrelenting voice.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00851-00234169-00234304": "Making change is not easy.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00852-00234304-00234535": "Making change sometimes is a little messy.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00853-00234535-00235078": "The human condition is not a simple being.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00854-00235078-00235498": "And so it's an unrelenting activity", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00855-00235498-00235660": "on the part of community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00856-00235660-00235819": "Finding advocates.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00857-00235819-00236005": "Individual advocates can make a change.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00858-00236005-00236290": "We look at, historically individuals.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00859-00236290-00236592": "And the growing connection between individuals", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00860-00236592-00236803": "has helped to make incredible change", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00861-00236803-00237254": "in whether it's law enforcement, faith community, civil society.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00862-00237254-00237784": "And so I would encourage to find that one individual.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00863-00237784-00238030": "Take somebody out for coffee.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00864-00238030-00238330": "A big advocate of mine is time with coffee", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00865-00238330-00238508": "and get to know the individual.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00866-00238508-00238798": "We may not be able to change this system right away,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00867-00238798-00239008": "but we can change individuals.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00868-00239008-00239365": "And that, as leadership grows, can lead to change.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00869-00239365-00239629": "Also engaging in public policy or getting", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00870-00239629-00239962": "involved in government, becoming an elected official", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00871-00239962-00240253": "or being an advocate in the government system", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00872-00240253-00240573": "can help to make some of those changes in the law enforcement", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00873-00240573-00240661": "community as well.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00874-00240661-00240819": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thanks for sending", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00875-00240819-00240994": "in these great questions.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00876-00240994-00241219": "Now, we'd like to show a short video that", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00877-00241219-00241429": "highlights the historical and present day", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00878-00241429-00241581": "importance of Pride Month.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00879-00241581-00241671": "[MUSIC PLAYING]", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00880-00241671-00241836": "NARRATOR: Over the past 50 years,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00881-00241836-00242169": "the conversation about lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00882-00242169-00242364": "and queer individuals in the United States", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00883-00242364-00242661": "has shifted from resilience in the face of intolerance", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00884-00242661-00242907": "to pride in a culture of acceptance.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00885-00242907-00243273": "June is LGBTQ Pride Month in the United States.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00886-00243273-00243633": "It is a time when Americans commemorate the 1969 Stonewall", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00887-00243633-00243990": "uprising, an event that sparked the modern LGBTQ Rights", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00888-00243990-00244440": "Movement and highlights LGBTQ rights as human rights.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00889-00244440-00244854": "On June 208th, 1969, patrons of the Stonewall Inn", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00890-00244854-00245096": "who were tired of constant harassment and abuse", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00891-00245096-00245462": "from police in New York City finally fought back.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00892-00245462-00245634": "While accounts of the night vary,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00893-00245634-00245873": "the uprising ignited a national firestorm", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00894-00245873-00246342": "and inspired widespread activism in support of LGBTQ rights.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00895-00246342-00246639": "After more than four decades of fighting for equal rights,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00896-00246639-00246933": "the movement reached a milestone in 2015", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00897-00246933-00247191": "when the United States Supreme Court recognized the rights", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00898-00247191-00247425": "of same-sex couples to marry.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00899-00247425-00247694": "Today, Pride Month is celebrated by millions", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00900-00247694-00248091": "around the world with parades, lectures, parties, workshops,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00901-00248091-00248253": "and concerts.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00902-00248253-00248583": "It is also a time to honor those LGBTQ individuals who", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00903-00248583-00248873": "have been lost to crimes motivated by bigotry", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00904-00248873-00249173": "and advocate for those in the over 70 countries who are still", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00905-00249173-00249371": "persecuted for who they are, some", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00906-00249371-00249606": "with the threat of execution.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00907-00249606-00249807": "While pride events occur year-round,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00908-00249807-00250158": "Pride Month is an opportunity to celebrate the LGBTQ people who", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00909-00250158-00250341": "have changed the course of history,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00910-00250341-00250598": "to promote visibility of LGBTQ individuals", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00911-00250598-00250860": "and the fabric of society, and to continue", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00912-00250860-00251148": "the dialogue about LGBTQ rights as human rights", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00913-00251148-00251286": "and the struggle for equal rights", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00914-00251286-00251625": "that continues around the world today.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00915-00251625-00251871": "MR. ANDREWS: As we celebrate pride month here in the United", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00916-00251871-00252121": "States, I think it's important to note", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00917-00252121-00252509": "that pride parades and LGBT equality marches", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00918-00252509-00252866": "have been an important part of publicly representing the LGBTI", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00919-00252866-00253136": "community in cities across the world,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00920-00253136-00253448": "as seen in the video and these photos.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00921-00253448-00253730": "Diverse groups, including many of the institutions", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00922-00253730-00253994": "and organizations our panelists represent,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00923-00253994-00254381": "faith groups, law enforcement agencies, and businesses,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00924-00254381-00254780": "have come out to show their support for LGBTI rights.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00925-00254780-00254969": "How important are these public displays", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00926-00254969-00255234": "of pride to communities around the world?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00927-00255234-00255410": "And how can groups similar to your own", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00928-00255410-00255719": "set an example by showing their support publicly", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00929-00255719-00255951": "for LGBTI individuals?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00930-00255951-00256214": "Sabrina, what are your thoughts?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00931-00256214-00256319": "MS. KENT: Certainly.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00932-00256319-00256550": "You know, dating all the way back to Stonewall,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00933-00256550-00256967": "pride marches really started as a protest against brutality.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00934-00256967-00257173": "And now, it's a worldwide celebration", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00935-00257173-00257457": "where we can show solidarity for one another in our communities.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00936-00257457-00257723": "And it's not just for LGBTI people.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00937-00257723-00258028": "It's for LGBTI people and our allies.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00938-00258028-00258439": "You know, corporations and civil society organizations", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00939-00258439-00258751": "partake in pride all around the world at this point.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00940-00258751-00259096": "And they show their support in very visible ways, I think.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00941-00259096-00259391": "We just had pride here in D.C a couple of weeks ago", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00942-00259391-00259640": "and Hilton, one of our great corporate partners at NGLCC,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00943-00259640-00260012": "was the presenting sponsor of Capitol Pride here in D.C.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00944-00260012-00260138": "And that promotes visibility.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00945-00260138-00260269": "That's incredibly important.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00946-00260269-00260435": "And from a business lens, you know,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00947-00260435-00260741": "whether I'm an employee, a business owner, or youth", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00948-00260741-00261077": "looking for what my next step in life is going to be, you know,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00949-00261077-00261317": "that promotes hope and an understanding of safety", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00950-00261317-00261726": "that I'm a valued person not because I'm LGBT", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00951-00261726-00262069": "but because I'm all of my identities at one time.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00952-00262069-00262385": "So pride has really now turned into a wonderful celebration", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00953-00262385-00262664": "where we can all show our solidarity and support for one", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00954-00262664-00262797": "another.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00955-00262797-00262922": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00956-00262922-00263115": "And I'd just like remind the panelists that we're", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00957-00263115-00263247": "running a little short on time.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00958-00263247-00263541": "So please try to keep your answers as brief as possible.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00959-00263541-00264091": "But, Father O'Brien and Sergeant Schrag, any thoughts on this?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00960-00264091-00264180": "FATHER O'BRIEN: Yeah.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00961-00264180-00264633": "I would just say that we might just begin at home.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00962-00264633-00265110": "That is, in many families, there are LGBTI persons.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00963-00265110-00265346": "At your work places there are LGBTI persons.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00964-00265346-00265731": "In your faith communities there are LGBTI persons.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00965-00265731-00266049": "And so a lot of the work that we can do very practically", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00966-00266049-00266454": "is simply for us to be attentive and aware of those people who", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00967-00266454-00266847": "are already in our daily life and for us", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00968-00266847-00267023": "to be very sensitive about language", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00969-00267023-00267282": "and to be very welcoming and to actually", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00970-00267282-00267608": "learn from those persons as they express their identity", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00971-00267608-00267781": "and express who they are.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00972-00267781-00268110": "So I would encourage all of us to begin close to home", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00973-00268110-00268413": "as a way for us to advocate for those", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00974-00268413-00268701": "often without a voice in these communities.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00975-00268701-00268956": "SGT. SCHRAG: And from a law enforcement perspective,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00976-00268956-00269307": "we have participated in pride marches, parades,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00977-00269307-00269568": "and various events, both at the center", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00978-00269568-00270081": "and in our community throughout, for the last several years as", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00979-00270081-00270234": "far back as I can remember.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00980-00270234-00270804": "And those of my colleagues who sit on the LGBTQ recruitment", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00981-00270804-00271125": "council for our department, which we have an active one,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00982-00271125-00271342": "there's only been a couple of years that we haven't.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00983-00271342-00271713": "And of one of them was last year with in the wake", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00984-00271713-00272052": "of the tragic Route 91 festival, the one October", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00985-00272052-00272299": "incident here in Las Vegas.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00986-00272299-00272583": "But that's been about the only thing.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00987-00272583-00272739": "It's been a longstanding commitment", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00988-00272739-00272994": "and it's important that we demonstrate solidarity", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00989-00272994-00273198": "by participating in those events.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00990-00273198-00273540": "And it's also provided us with an avenue for recruitment", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00991-00273540-00273813": "to recruit new officers into the department.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00992-00273813-00274317": "So pride marches, pride parades are an integral part", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00993-00274317-00274857": "of our community to demonstrate support as we walk in uniform.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00994-00274857-00275136": "So there's a high visibility of presence of law enforcement", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00995-00275136-00275280": "during those events.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00996-00275280-00275376": "MR. ANDREWS: Thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00997-00275376-00275649": "Now let's go back to our viewing group in Mexico.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00998-00275649-00275911": "Ciudad Juarez, you have two more questions for the panel?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-00999-00275911-00276028": "JUAREZ REPRESENTATIVE 2: Hi.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01000-00276312-00276610": "To become a more inclusive society,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01001-00276610-00276882": "how can we sensitize people about the need", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01002-00276882-00277327": "to respect members of the LGBT plus community?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01003-00277327-00277452": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01004-00277452-00277650": "I believe the question was, in order", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01005-00277650-00277866": "to be a more inclusive society, how", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01006-00277866-00278148": "can we sensitize people to be more", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01007-00278148-00278460": "respectful of LGBTI persons?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01008-00278460-00278714": "Father O'Brien, would you like to take a stab at that one?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01009-00278714-00278802": "FATHER O'BRIEN: Yeah.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01010-00278802-00279171": "We can't sensitize people unless we know them and are", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01011-00279171-00279301": "known by them.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01012-00279301-00279477": "So the only way that's going to happen", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01013-00279477-00279864": "is if we have them, as we've said, at the table", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01014-00279864-00280362": "or in our communities or part of our social circles.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01015-00280362-00280578": "The best way to sensitize someone", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01016-00280578-00280920": "about something that's very important", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01017-00280920-00281307": "is to make sure that that person is present in situations,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01018-00281307-00281547": "in communities, at times that really matter.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01019-00281547-00281643": "MR. ANDREWS: Thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01020-00281643-00281844": "And, Sabrina, do you have any thoughts on that question?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01021-00281844-00281906": "MS. KENT: Yeah.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01022-00281906-00282246": "I think exposure and living authentically are big ones.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01023-00282246-00282525": "You know, we talk a lot about corporations and their ability", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01024-00282525-00282834": "to influence governments, but also their internal ability", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01025-00282834-00282996": "to influence their people.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01026-00282996-00283224": "So talking about that top-down effect", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01027-00283224-00283461": "that Sergeant Schrag touched on before,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01028-00283461-00283707": "you know, many of the corporations that NGLCC works", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01029-00283707-00283887": "with have partners that have mandated", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01030-00283887-00284112": "from the very top of their chief executive officer", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01031-00284112-00284397": "all the way down to their associates and assistants,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01032-00284397-00284706": "and so forth, that LGBT inclusion is", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01033-00284706-00284877": "an important part of this company", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01034-00284877-00285032": "and of this organization.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01035-00285032-00285235": "And if you're going to be a part of this,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01036-00285235-00285502": "you need to buy into that model and be an accepting person.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01037-00285502-00285768": "And again, going back to that difference between tolerance", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01038-00285768-00285941": "and acceptance.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01039-00285941-00286092": "And you know, as a business person,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01040-00286092-00286338": "I think there's a big argument to be", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01041-00286338-00286571": "made for employee productivity.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01042-00286571-00286759": "A corporation, at the end of the day,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01043-00286759-00286957": "they're going to care about their bottom line.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01044-00286957-00287214": "And we know that when an LGBTI person feels", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01045-00287214-00287442": "that they have to hide their identity at work,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01046-00287442-00287769": "25% of their productivity goes out the window.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01047-00287769-00288033": "That means that 25% of every single day", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01048-00288033-00288252": "is spent worrying about, am I going to be outed?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01049-00288252-00288417": "Should I talk about my partner?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01050-00288417-00288603": "You're sitting around the cooler with your colleagues,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01051-00288603-00288708": "and what did you do this weekend?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01052-00288708-00288932": "I went out with my wife and kids and blah, blah, blah.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01053-00288932-00289207": "But you might not want to talk about your same-sex partner.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01054-00289207-00289479": "And so I think just allowing people to live authentically", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01055-00289479-00289725": "and having the policies in place to allow", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01056-00289725-00290049": "that to happen, corporations can influence that policy,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01057-00290049-00290220": "both from an internal standpoint but also", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01058-00290220-00290446": "from a government standpoint as well.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01059-00290446-00290646": "SGT. SCHRAG: From a law enforcement perspective,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01060-00290646-00290931": "we participate in a program called Adopt-A-Cop", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01061-00290931-00291204": "where we take our brand new officers once they've completed", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01062-00291204-00291531": "field training in the Academy and we place them", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01063-00291531-00291816": "in and with various community partners", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01064-00291816-00292092": "to include our LGBTQ community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01065-00292092-00292482": "And it gives that opportunity for one-on-one time", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01066-00292482-00292789": "and the opportunity to engage with each other", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01067-00292789-00293299": "and learn about the other in a way that may not otherwise", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01068-00293299-00293521": "happen once they get into the daily grind.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01069-00293521-00293701": "So I would say from the perspective", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01070-00293701-00294184": "is if there's a [INAUDIBLE] location or business group,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01071-00294184-00294430": "invite law enforcement, especially those new officers", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01072-00294430-00294649": "when they're still learning and molding", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01073-00294649-00295078": "who they are as a public servant, to come out", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01074-00295078-00295430": "and become that advocate get to know the community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01075-00295430-00295526": "MR. ANDREWS: Thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01076-00295526-00295765": "Juarez, do you have another question?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01077-00295765-00295961": "MR. MARIO: Yes, good morning, everyone.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01078-00295961-00296084": "My name is Mario.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01079-00296084-00296412": "And my question is, how can we support LGBT", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01080-00296412-00296768": "plus youth enduring harassment?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01081-00296768-00296848": "MR. ANDREWS: Great.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01082-00296848-00297229": "I believe the question was, how can we support LGBT youth", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01083-00297229-00297442": "enduring harassment?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01084-00297442-00297652": "Father O'Brien, would you like to try this one?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01085-00297652-00297793": "FATHER O'BRIEN: Yeah, I spoke, you", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01086-00297793-00298066": "know, earlier about the most vulnerable among us.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01087-00298066-00298393": "And certainly our young people would be in that category", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01088-00298393-00298657": "because often they feel they don't have a voice.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01089-00298657-00299080": "And often our young people are victims of bullying,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01090-00299080-00299366": "physical or verbal and emotional.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01091-00299366-00299659": "So I think all of us, certainly, in faith communities", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01092-00299659-00299809": "and schools attached to them, have", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01093-00299809-00300277": "to be very attentive to really drawing lines and making", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01094-00300277-00300691": "sure there's clear discipline against bullying or cyber", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01095-00300691-00301109": "attacking, emotionally abusive behavior or physical attacks", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01096-00301109-00301324": "on our young people.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01097-00301324-00301436": "We have to be very clear.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01098-00301436-00301813": "We have to stand firm that it will just not be permitted.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01099-00301813-00302017": "So as vigilant as we are making sure", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01100-00302017-00302534": "that people are not racially or ethnically marginalized,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01101-00302534-00302836": "with the same vigilance we should act", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01102-00302836-00303166": "protecting LGBTI young people.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01103-00303166-00303445": "SGT. SCHRAG: It's also important that we", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01104-00303445-00303730": "have advocates in the community to help", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01105-00303730-00303994": "give a voice to the youth.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01106-00303994-00304211": "Sometimes youth are marginalized oftentimes", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01107-00304211-00304300": "because of their age.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01108-00304300-00304603": "And they don't have necessarily the legal standing.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01109-00304603-00304765": "It's important we have advocates that", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01110-00304765-00304945": "can help speak on their behalf.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01111-00304945-00305239": "And it's also important that we ensure that that information is", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01112-00305239-00305368": "reported to law enforcement.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01113-00305368-00305791": "That when crimes are committed and the bullying", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01114-00305791-00306043": "is taking place, that we work through civic society.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01115-00306043-00306235": "And as it reaches that criminal level,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01116-00306235-00306385": "that we report to law enforcement", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01117-00306385-00306556": "and we don't keep it hidden.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01118-00306556-00306835": "If law enforcement doesn't know that something is happening--", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01119-00306835-00307163": "We may be aware or have an idea that it's happening,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01120-00307163-00307363": "but if community doesn't come forward", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01121-00307363-00307540": "and give us the information we need", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01122-00307540-00307895": "to put a prosecutable case together,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01123-00307895-00308185": "conduct an arrest, or even an intervention--", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01124-00308185-00308377": "We work closely with our community", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01125-00308377-00308713": "and different partners, such as in our gang prevention", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01126-00308713-00308911": "section, where we go out and do interventions", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01127-00308911-00309094": "when we hear of things going on.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01128-00309094-00309307": "And the same thing can be replicated", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01129-00309307-00309724": "when there's issues pertaining to this type of activity", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01130-00309724-00309797": "as well.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01131-00309797-00309877": "MR. ANDREWS: Great.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01132-00309877-00310220": "Thank you, Ciudad Juarez for these great questions.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01133-00310220-00310600": "OK, we have some more good questions from online viewers.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01134-00310600-00311014": "Here's a question from Mission Honduras for Father O'Brien.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01135-00311014-00311266": "\"How can religious authorities in other countries", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01136-00311266-00311494": "stop discrimination that originates", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01137-00311494-00311756": "in religious institutions?\"", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01138-00311756-00312085": "FATHER O'BRIEN: Well, I think that's a great question.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01139-00312085-00312397": "Greetings to our friends in Central America.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01140-00312397-00313059": "Religion has often been misused to degrade or marginalize", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01141-00313059-00313154": "people.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01142-00313154-00313417": "And so it's very important for religious authorities", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01143-00313417-00313744": "and teachers and clergy and ministers to make sure", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01144-00313744-00314479": "that we enact and profess the best of our tradition and not", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01145-00314479-00314599": "the worst.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01146-00314599-00315100": "So that's why good education, good preaching, good scripture", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01147-00315100-00315382": "study is vital in, again, beginning", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01148-00315382-00315739": "in the local communities, so that religion is never", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01149-00315739-00316057": "misused as a way of hurting people,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01150-00316057-00316264": "in this case, LGBTI persons.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01151-00316264-00316666": "But unfortunately, history is rife with examples", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01152-00316666-00317116": "of how religion has been used to hurt people and marginalize", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01153-00317116-00317407": "people in order to protect people in power,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01154-00317407-00317574": "to protect special interests.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01155-00317574-00317872": "So I think it's a great question because it challenges", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01156-00317872-00318391": "me to make sure that we ensure that our religious tradition is", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01157-00318391-00318881": "not misused by those who seek to use it for self-interest.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01158-00318881-00319006": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01159-00319006-00319228": "And we have another question from Mission Honduras", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01160-00319228-00319375": "for Sabrina.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01161-00319375-00319651": "\"Does the Chamber of Commerce support the expansion", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01162-00319651-00319999": "and establishment of LGBTI chambers of commerce", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01163-00319999-00320181": "in Honduras or other countries?\"", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01164-00320181-00320348": "MS. KENT: Yeah, that's a great question.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01165-00320348-00320611": "So as I mentioned before, NGLCC Global's network", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01166-00320611-00320974": "is comprised of over 15 global affiliate chambers of commerce", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01167-00320974-00321307": "spanning over 30 countries worldwide.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01168-00321307-00321517": "Specifically, as it relates to Honduras,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01169-00321517-00321838": "we currently do not have a chamber developing in Honduras,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01170-00321838-00322246": "but we do have Colombia, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01171-00322246-00322522": "as amongst other Latin American affiliates.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01172-00322522-00322675": "Actually, our highest concentration", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01173-00322675-00322986": "of global affiliate chambers is in the Latin Americas.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01174-00322986-00323161": "So we establish these chambers of commerce", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01175-00323161-00323402": "globally with folks on the ground.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01176-00323402-00323686": "These are leaders that want to bring an LGBTI", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01177-00323686-00323836": "chamber of commerce to their country", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01178-00323836-00324124": "to support the LGBT small businesses in their area", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01179-00324124-00324247": "and their regions.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01180-00324247-00324532": "So in doing so, we help them establish themselves", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01181-00324532-00324792": "with best practices and resources and knowledge", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01182-00324792-00324842": "sharing.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01183-00324842-00325123": "We also connect them with fellow affiliate leaders", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01184-00325123-00325363": "from the global network as well as within the U.S.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01185-00325363-00325577": "To help share some of the stories of their best", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01186-00325577-00325761": "practices, their trial and error, and what's", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01187-00325761-00326033": "really worked for them in their respective countries.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01188-00326033-00326200": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you very much.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01189-00326200-00326345": "Looks like we have another question", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01190-00326345-00326899": "from Osman in Guyana for Sabrina and Sergeant Schrag.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01191-00326899-00327115": "\"How do we create discrimination legislation", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01192-00327115-00327340": "that protects all individuals?\"", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01193-00327340-00327535": "Sergeant Schrag, any thoughts?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01194-00327535-00327907": "SGT. SCHRAG: I have not been a policy drafter,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01195-00327907-00328165": "but I think, as has been mentioned,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01196-00328165-00328468": "it is everybody deserves a seat at the table", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01197-00328468-00328783": "and everybody needs to have a seat at the table.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01198-00328783-00328981": "Much like we look at law enforcement,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01199-00328981-00329380": "everybody deserves a voice inside the police department,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01200-00329380-00329641": "so should those who are drafting policy.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01201-00329641-00329998": "It's they should take the leadership role to reach out", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01202-00329998-00330178": "to those who these policies are going", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01203-00330178-00330571": "to impact and affect and ensure that their voice is", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01204-00330571-00331024": "at the table physically or through written notes,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01205-00331024-00331240": "video teleconference, but they have", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01206-00331240-00331768": "a say in the development of those policies or procedures", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01207-00331768-00332459": "that are being created to ensure that exclusionary language is", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01208-00332459-00332786": "mitigated or removed and that inclusion", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01209-00332786-00333041": "language and involvement is there", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01210-00333041-00333161": "through each step of the way.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01211-00333161-00333286": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01212-00333286-00333494": "And, Sabrina, any thoughts on anti-discrimination", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01213-00333494-00333586": "legislation?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01214-00333586-00333674": "MS. KENT: Absolutely.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01215-00333674-00333941": "While anti-discrimination legislation isn't necessarily", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01216-00333941-00334271": "in the lane of NGLCC and what our portfolio works on,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01217-00334271-00334697": "I think, you know, a major point to underscore here", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01218-00334697-00334991": "is, again, the corporate influence on governments", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01219-00334991-00335100": "and policy-making.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01220-00335100-00335281": "So in the United States, for example,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01221-00335281-00335549": "in passing marriage equality, NGLCC along", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01222-00335549-00335762": "with many of our corporate partners,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01223-00335762-00335996": "signed onto the amicus brief to say", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01224-00335996-00336398": "that we were in support of marriage equality in the U.S.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01225-00336398-00336605": "And so I think it's about coalescing", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01226-00336605-00336803": "a group of individuals and organizations", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01227-00336803-00337049": "that can have a strong influence on government", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01228-00337049-00337415": "by way of politics and economics to really drive that message", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01229-00337415-00337712": "home and to help craft that legislation in a meaningful way", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01230-00337712-00338015": "that's going to impact the LGBT community positively.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01231-00338015-00338117": "MR. ANDREWS: Great.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01232-00338117-00338375": "And our final question is from Mission Honduras,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01233-00338375-00338537": "again, for Sabrina.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01234-00338537-00338747": "\"How do you create partnerships with the media", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01235-00338747-00339034": "to create awareness of LGBTI rights?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01236-00339034-00339211": "Any best practices that you can share?\"", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01237-00339211-00339299": "MS. KENT: Absolutely.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01238-00339299-00339524": "I wish our senior vice president, Jonathan Lovitz,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01239-00339524-00339902": "were here because he really heads up our media efforts,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01240-00339902-00340205": "alongside our president and co-founder, Justin Nelson.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01241-00340205-00340358": "But, you know, for us it's really", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01242-00340358-00340525": "about driving that message home.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01243-00340525-00340859": "We put together briefs for our media partners.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01244-00340859-00341114": "We create strategic media partnerships", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01245-00341114-00341414": "with businesses as well as with media outlets", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01246-00341414-00341623": "to let them know about the work that we're doing.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01247-00341623-00341840": "And therefore, you know, we're able to really spread", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01248-00341840-00342107": "this message in a widespread, meaningful way.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01249-00342107-00342401": "So my suggestion would be to really forge", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01250-00342401-00342713": "those media partnerships, find your allies in media.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01251-00342713-00342955": "There are LGBT people and allies everywhere.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01252-00342955-00343193": "And it's just about finding those people that really want", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01253-00343193-00343427": "to take that story and arming them with the information", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01254-00343427-00343685": "that they need to be able to bring it together as", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01255-00343685-00343943": "concisely and quickly as possible to drive that message", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01256-00343943-00344091": "home.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01257-00344091-00344216": "MR. ANDREWS: Great, thank you.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01258-00344216-00344429": "It looks like we are almost out of time.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01259-00344429-00344690": "Father O'Brien, Sergeant Schrag, Sabrina,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01260-00344690-00344921": "would you like to share any final thoughts?", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01261-00344921-00345143": "SGT. SCHRAG: From a law enforcement perspective,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01262-00345143-00345293": "the final thought that I would share", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01263-00345293-00345647": "is it's incredibly important that, as leaders and one", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01264-00345647-00345992": "of the most visible aspects of government in any community,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01265-00345992-00346271": "that law enforcement takes an active role in helping", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01266-00346271-00346667": "to ensure equal treatment and protection under the law", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01267-00346667-00347222": "and work to bridge gaps between various community stakeholders", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01268-00347222-00347459": "to really have the most positive impact that we", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01269-00347459-00347787": "can in any community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01270-00347787-00347891": "MR. ANDREWS: Great.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01271-00347891-00348293": "FATHER O'BRIEN: My last word would be an encouragement to,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01272-00348293-00348513": "as we address these very personal and sometimes", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01273-00348513-00348711": "difficult issues, is to certainly", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01274-00348711-00349311": "pray within your own tradition as a way of finding a greater", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01275-00349311-00349608": "self-awareness and greater interior resources", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01276-00349608-00350069": "to be of help as an ally or to find your voice as a LGBTI", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01277-00350069-00350150": "person.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01278-00350150-00350382": "But to always pair that, you know,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01279-00350382-00350900": "spiritual practice with concrete action and labor for justice.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01280-00350900-00351067": "MS. KENT: And I would say, first of all,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01281-00351067-00351305": "thank you so much for this meaningful dialogue.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01282-00351305-00351625": "It was a pleasure to serve alongside all of you today.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01283-00351625-00351771": "I would say, I would leave it with,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01284-00351771-00351990": "you know, LGBTI people are economic drivers.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01285-00351990-00352230": "They're valuable contributors to our global economy.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01286-00352230-00352560": "We're job creators and we're taxpayers.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01287-00352560-00352791": "And at NGLCC, we're really bridging the private sector", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01288-00352791-00353031": "and government together to really support", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01289-00353031-00353169": "LGBT-owned businesses.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01290-00353169-00353485": "And so if you're an LGBTI person with a business,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01291-00353485-00353685": "I would suggest that you get involved with NGLCC", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01292-00353685-00353982": "and learn about how you being LGBT", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01293-00353982-00354255": "can actually positively contribute to your business.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01294-00354255-00354447": "And I would just say, again, thank you so much", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01295-00354447-00354551": "for having us here today.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01296-00354551-00354688": "NGLCC is proud to be represented.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01297-00354688-00354826": "MR. ANDREWS: And thank you to all", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01298-00354826-00355062": "of the panelists for contributing your expertise", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01299-00355062-00355356": "and insights to this important conversation.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01300-00355356-00355614": "A special thanks to the audiences and organizers", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01301-00355614-00355968": "in Mexico at the U.S. Consulate in Ciudad Juarez.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01302-00355968-00356230": "And thank you to all of our online viewers,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01303-00356230-00356511": "including those watching with viewing groups across the world", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01304-00356511-00357021": "at Embassy Belmopan, Belize, Embassy Tegucigalpa, Honduras,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01305-00357021-00357300": "U.S. Consulate Monterrey, Mexico,", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01306-00357300-00357729": "Colombo Americano in Medellin, Colombia, American Corner", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01307-00357729-00358188": "Pristina, Kosovo, and U.S. Embassy Windhoek in Namibia.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01308-00358188-00358455": "We hope this conversation will continue", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01309-00358455-00358602": "and the Department of State stands", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01310-00358602-00358965": "ready to continue to facilitate dialogue and conversation", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01311-00358965-00359256": "on this and other human rights issues.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01312-00359256-00359412": "Please don't hesitate to reach out", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01313-00359412-00359712": "to us and our colleagues at our diplomatic missions", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01314-00359712-00360030": "to share ideas and suggestions of additional steps", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01315-00360030-00360198": "that we may take.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01316-00360198-00360522": "Pride is really a celebration of the strength and resilience", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01317-00360522-00360757": "of the LGBTI community.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01318-00360757-00360909": "The stories that we've heard today", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01319-00360909-00361182": "are a testament to that resilience and a tribute", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01320-00361182-00361506": "to all who fight for human rights and human dignity", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01321-00361506-00361805": "for everyone, no matter who they are.", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01322-00361805-00362042": "Thank you for participating today and keeping", "qKDuqIW_lqc-01323-00362042-00362237": "the dialogue going."}}, {"audio_id": "qKRpSSOs7DY", "text": {"qKRpSSOs7DY-00000-00000000-00000200": "enjoy the video :)"}}, {"audio_id": "qKXs4tHKhYk", "text": {"qKXs4tHKhYk-00000-00000057-00000304": "Thank you for watching candlestick trading video", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00001-00000304-00000823": "What are Candlestick Charts and How are They Used for Trading", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00002-00000823-00001305": "Candlesticks were first used by the Japanese in the 17th century.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00003-00001305-00002072": "They were refined and developed into the candlestick charts used today in the early 1900s.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00004-00002072-00002703": "They have been given resurgence with the trading strategy known as 'Price Action'.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00005-00002703-00003363": "This is a bare bones approach to trading where most of indicators are removed and 'Price'", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00006-00003363-00003581": "becomes paramount.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00007-00003581-00004223": "Like any trading system candlestick, should be used in conjunction with other indicators", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00008-00004223-00004665": "and methods that provide the context for decisions.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00009-00004665-00005516": "For example- overall trend and lines of resistance and support for previous price movements are", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00010-00005516-00005817": "some indicators for investing.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00011-00005817-00006451": "There is a lot of information already available about Candlestick trading and 'Price Action.'", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00012-00006451-00007223": "This article summarizes and condenses this information as a guide to the novice trader", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00013-00007223-00007811": "who may be considering using candlestick charts for their trading.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00014-00007811-00008705": "It particularly focuses on how time intervals such as 1-day, 4-hour, 1-hour, 15-minutes", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00015-00008705-00009359": "and 1-minute affect the interpretation of candlestick charts.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00016-00009359-00010342": "A candlestick summarizes the price data for one unit of time that you are interesting", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00017-00010342-00010809": "in - from 1-day to 1-hour to 1-minute.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00018-00010809-00011734": "A candle is constructed using the opening price, closing price, and high and low prices", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00019-00011734-00011940": "throughout the time interval.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00020-00011940-00012727": "The body of the chart is formed using the opening and closing prices.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00021-00012727-00013644": "The long thin lines above and below the body are referred to as 'tails', 'wicks' or 'shadows'.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00022-00013644-00014574": "If the stock ranges above and below the opening price there will be a tail extending to the", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00023-00014574-00015003": "maximum and minimum closing price throughout the day.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00024-00015003-00015669": "If the stock closes higher than the opening price the candle is referred to as a bullish", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00025-00015669-00015769": "candle.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00026-00015769-00016328": "It is generally shown as 'white' or unfilled, or 'green'.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00027-00016328-00017089": "If the stock closes lower than the opening price the body is shown as 'black', filled", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00028-00017089-00017193": "or 'red'.", "qKXs4tHKhYk-00029-00017193-00017297": "Thank you"}}, {"audio_id": "qL0f2QUxHxu", "text": {"qL0f2QUxHxu-00000-00000048-00000552": "Hello! This is Bren Antrim, one of the Librarians here at Santa Monica College library. Today we're", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00001-00000552-00001080": "going to be doing a database tour of the Modern Language Association or MLA handbook database.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00002-00001134-00001770": "This is an unusual database in that it is actually the digitized form of a few different books rather", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00003-00001770-00002136": "than a database that retrieves articles, which is what you may be more familiar with.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00004-00002202-00002826": "In order to access the library from the college homepage: Mouse over Student Support and click", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00005-00002826-00003588": "on Library, just after Counseling. You can also go there directly by typing in smc.edu slash library.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00006-00003720-00004068": "Once you get to the library you have a variety of options for your research.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00007-00004134-00004716": "We have a video on our YouTube channel giving you a website tour of the library homepage,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00008-00004716-00005298": "if you would like to check it out, but today we're going to go into a specific database. Say,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00009-00005298-00005724": "for example, you're in an English class and your instructor wants you to use the Modern", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00010-00005724-00006438": "Language Association format for formatting your paper, writing your citations, and doing in-text", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00011-00006438-00007128": "citations. That would be one time when you would use this database. Another time is, say you're in", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00012-00007128-00007716": "a Sociology class for example, and your instructor wants you to do some evaluation of various types", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00013-00007716-00008178": "of resources that you find, and you feel a little shaky about that. You'd like a little backup.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00014-00008256-00008748": "A third time when you might use this database is if you were in an English 2 class, for example,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00015-00008748-00009426": "and you're needing to do scholarly academic research on a literary topic. This database", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00016-00009426-00009978": "will help in all three of those scenarios. In order to get to it, head into the Databases.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00017-00010176-00010926": "This gives you the Santa Monica College library databases either grouped by topic, by format, or", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00018-00010926-00011418": "all databases listed alphabetically by title with a short description of what's in each database.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00019-00011418-00011988": "I'm going to All Databases to find this database because it is useful in a variety of different", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00020-00011988-00012822": "disciplines. We scroll down alphabetically past all of these guys and we find MLA Handbook Plus.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00021-00013008-00013332": "I mentioned earlier that this is not like most of the databases", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00022-00013332-00014022": "that you're used to and that's because it's brand new as a database as of 2022", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00023-00014088-00014741": "and they essentially took their book and digitized it and put the book", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00024-00014819-00015462": "on this database. If you would just like to take a tour of it and see how this database works,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00025-00015462-00016224": "you can do that here, but I'm going to instead open the MLA Handbook 9th Edition.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00026-00016422-00017172": "This opens up a series of PDFs that are the chapters and sub chapters within this book.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00027-00017280-00017748": "The way the MLA handbook is broken down follows along the way you would research", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00028-00017748-00018480": "for an essay or other project. It begins with formatting it - how do you set up your page,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00029-00018480-00019146": "etc, then how do you write it things - when do you use a dash or a hyphen,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00030-00019146-00019494": "how do you use a semicolon, when do you use quotation marks, etc.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00031-00019746-00020376": "Then it talks about what most people think of when they hear MLA, which is how do you", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00032-00020376-00020808": "cite sources. You cite sources in order to give credit to the people whose work", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00033-00020808-00021246": "you used in your project so that you don't get accused of accidentally plagiarizing.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00034-00021348-00021948": "It talks a bit about plagiarizing, it talks about the list of works cited - in MLA it is works cited", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00035-00021948-00022590": "and APA is references - both are citations that give credit to the people whose work you used.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00036-00022716-00023496": "Then it goes into the various containers within citations. For example, a database is a container", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00037-00023496-00024228": "for journals, a journal is a container for articles... an article isn't a container,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00038-00024228-00024786": "it's just an article. Think of it like nesting dolls - there's a little doll inside a medium", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00039-00024786-00025296": "doll inside a large doll. The large doll is the database, the medium doll is the journal,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00040-00025296-00025830": "the little doll is the article, and you have to cite each of those dolls in order to make", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00041-00025830-00026430": "sure that whoever reads your work will be able to follow your tracks and find the", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00042-00026430-00026862": "work that you used when you were formulating your ideas and coming to your conclusions.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00043-00027377-00028086": "Then it talks about citing sources within the text: so you use a quotation on page three of", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00044-00028086-00028536": "your five page essay and you need to make sure that you have a parenthetical - which", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00045-00028536-00029148": "is a an in-text citation in parentheses that connects that quotation to your works cited.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00046-00029477-00030198": "It talks about notes and it gives what I think is one of the most useful parts of it,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00047-00030306-00031110": "which is a sample works cited list based on the format of the resource that you are using,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00048-00031182-00031770": "so an example of an MLA 9th citation for books with various types of authors, by organizations,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00049-00031770-00032652": "edited or translated by various people, with illustrations, etc. So this is one place to go", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00050-00032826-00033456": "if you're a little unsure where you need to start - here's a list of examples by format.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00051-00033822-00034344": "That is found in appendix 2 of the MLA Handbook Plus database.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00052-00034458-00035058": "Now this is not the only thing in this database that's very useful. If you click under All Books", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00053-00035058-00035778": "it gives you other books to look at. One is the MLA Guide to Undergraduate Literature Research.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00054-00035904-00036822": "If you're in English 2 and you need to figure out how you're going to find primary sources about", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00055-00036822-00037452": "William Conrad's book and what that means, you can go to the chapter Using Contextual", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00056-00037452-00038106": "Primary Resources and it will explain it to you: what is a primary source? how do you find them?", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00057-00038166-00038904": "periodicals (or anything published periodically like magazines or journals or newspapers) - how do", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00058-00038904-00039276": "you use them when you're doing literary research? It might be a little different than if you're", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00059-00039276-00039810": "doing science research or you're doing history research and it gives examples of these as well.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00060-00040032-00040644": "Keep in mind, these are only examples - if you need help you can always go to the library", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00061-00040644-00041304": "homepage and Ask a Librarian. We are available anytime that the library is open, and this Ask", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00062-00041304-00042036": "a Librarian function is available 24-7-365. if the SMC librarian is not available, a librarian from", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00063-00042036-00042468": "another college or university in the Consortium of which we're a part will be happy to help you.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00064-00042642-00043320": "The third time that you would find this database useful - the third book - is the MLA", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00065-00043320-00043854": "Guide to Digital Literacy. One of the primary difficulties that people have doing research,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00066-00043854-00044526": "or even discovering what is false and what is true in the news, for example, is trying to evaluate", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00067-00044526-00045348": "information, and that is digital literacy. This is an outstanding book if you were more interested", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00068-00045348-00046176": "in the topic and you would like to find out how online research differs than resources that are", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00069-00046176-00046722": "in a database, that have already been, in a way, evaluated and archived to some extent for you.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00070-00046812-00047394": "Talking about source credibility, what you can trust and what you can't, reading", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00071-00047394-00048096": "laterally - which is the way that professional fact checkers determine if something is true or", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00072-00048096-00048666": "false. It's not by reading the source itself right off the bat, but by reading things around the", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00073-00048666-00049182": "source. Finding out about the author, finding out what other people are talking about on this topic,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00074-00049374-00049890": "and it is going outside of the source to determine the worth of that source", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00075-00049890-00050388": "and not just relying on what you know or maybe don't know about a particular topic", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00076-00050388-00051174": "when you're reading research on it. I highly recommend the MLA Guide to Digital Literacy.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00077-00051288-00051852": "Finally, heading back into the Handbook, this handbook is traditionally a little difficult", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00078-00051852-00052404": "for people to use and they don't intend it to be, it just is because there's an awful lot of", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00079-00052404-00053136": "information and an often awful lot of detail. I recommend in addition to this MLA handbook is,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00080-00053136-00053814": "on the library homepage we have research guides and one of the research guides that we have", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00081-00054324-00054491": "my apologies", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00082-00055158-00055476": "this has been revised so I'm going to look for MLA", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00083-00055734-00055805": "here", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00084-00056166-00056448": "one of the research guides that we have is Citation Style.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00085-00056682-00057354": "MLA citation is linked with some additional resources,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00086-00057504-00058182": "videos to help you both with MLA citation in general and specifically formatting your page,", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00087-00058464-00059064": "and a link to chat with a librarian if you get stuck, as well as a link back to MLA handbook", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00088-00059064-00059820": "Plus. I would recommend if you are working in a class that uses MLA you use both the MLA handbook", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00089-00060174-00060744": "and the research guide to MLA. So, that is on the library homepage", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00090-00061308-00061578": "student support Library", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00091-00061854-00062322": "research guides search for MLA", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00092-00062532-00062741": "and then click on citation styles.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00093-00062910-00063312": "This also works if you're looking for APA information, we have one for each.", "qL0f2QUxHxu-00094-00063779-00064446": "If you have any questions, please let us know, and good luck with your research. Be well!"}}, {"audio_id": "qL9MpTWtTdY", "text": {"qL9MpTWtTdY-00000-00000521-00000844": "Dr. David Haussler, Ph.D.: Thanks Elliott, and thanks very much, Eric,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00001-00000844-00001463": "for having me here, Eric Green, that is, and thanks Eric Lander for the call in 1999 to", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00002-00001463-00002117": "work on the Genome Project, and of course thanks Jim Kent for doing all the work. I’m", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00003-00002117-00002799": "going to say a few words about Evolutionary Genomics here, and following in Evan’s footsteps", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00004-00002799-00003379": "I’ll even tell you about a gene I have no idea what the function is, but it’s rapidly", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00005-00003379-00004044": "evolved. Comparative Genomics is the current version, I think we’re progressing towards", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00006-00004044-00004512": "a true Evolutionary Genomics. We don’t want to just compare genomes pair wise, but we", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00007-00004512-00004907": "want to compare them to each other in such a way that we understand the origin of the", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00008-00004907-00005473": "DNA in each of the species, and that’s the theme here. Right now on the Genome Browser,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00009-00005473-00006090": "UCSC, you can look, and you can see the comparison of the Human Genome to 27 other vertebrae", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00010-00006090-00006792": "genomes at this point, and this is a huge testament to NHGRI’s sequencing prowess", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00011-00006792-00007470": "and tremendous achievements that have come out of these sequencing projects.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00012-00007470-00007928": "And as we’ve heard from previous speakers, if you go through and just look at regions", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00013-00007928-00008721": "of conservation, things like exons and conserved non-coding regions stand out quite distinctly.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00014-00008721-00009345": "Manolis Kellis led a great comparative analysis of the fly, and we heard about this from Andy.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00015-00009345-00010403": "I want to add to the same slide I’ve cropped from that paper, my post doc, Yakov Patterson", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00016-00010403-00010731": "[spelled phonetically], also worked on this project, and working on another aspect, which", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00017-00010731-00011385": "I’ll add to Andy’s comments, that you can recognize RNA structure also by comparative", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00018-00011385-00011930": "genomics and that comes from finding compensatory changes for one side of the RNA helix change", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00019-00011930-00012322": "and the other change is to compensate. You can have very strong statistical evidence", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00020-00012322-00013191": "from that and Yucca was on that boat in human and this fly study. And of course Elliott", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00021-00013191-00013636": "did an amazing job in leading the comparative genomics for the encode project. I think this", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00022-00013636-00014116": "was a huge success; we learned a lot from intensive looking at one percent of the genome", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00023-00014116-00014876": "and the comparative part was a great foundation for that. If it wasn’t explaining it, everybody", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00024-00014876-00015319": "was scratching their heads, why doesn’t explain the experimental data, so the interaction", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00025-00015319-00015946": "between the conservation that Elliott’s group put together and the rest of the experimental", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00026-00015946-00016621": "data is a very fertile place to look for genome function. So, evolution is—what we learn", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00027-00016621-00017010": "from that is that evolution is much more sensitive than a lot of the experiments that we can", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00028-00017010-00017110": "do.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00029-00017110-00017583": "Evolution can sense things in terms of subtle, but statistically significant advantages,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00030-00017583-00017990": "fitness advantages, that are impossible to test in the laboratory, and we’ve seen that", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00031-00017990-00018746": "time and time again, and I think it’ll be an emerging theme in the next decade. We’ve", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00032-00018746-00019090": "heard a lot, again, Andy went over this, and I’m just going to give you a very high level", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00033-00019090-00019734": "picture, if you look at a particular region of the genome and you focus in, you can see", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00034-00019734-00020209": "just looking at a small subset of these twenty-eight vertebrae genomes that we are now dealing", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00035-00020209-00020825": "with, you can see the various forces of evolution at work. And this third position of the codon,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00036-00020825-00021479": "you can see that there have been enough mutational opportunities and the right kind of populations", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00037-00021479-00022075": "and timeframes so that it has explored its potential, in other words we’ve seen in", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00038-00022075-00022567": "try out different forms and in fact it doesn’t matter, we’re going to make alanine whatever", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00039-00022567-00022867": "this third base position is, so you do see that drift.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00040-00022867-00023370": "So neutral drift is evident and is measurable. So, once we have enough data to see that clearly", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00041-00023370-00023809": "then we can contrast that to events where there is clear negative selection, so the", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00042-00023809-00024401": "first two base pairs on this same codon show this evidence of negative selection just as", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00043-00024401-00024990": "many mutations, but they did not get fixed in the population, because they confer a negative", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00044-00024990-00025695": "fitness. Now, what’s exciting is, on the background on that, if you look at regions", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00045-00025695-00026145": "that are clearly under selection for hundreds of millions of years and then suddenly change", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00046-00026145-00026706": "in the human genome then we have something interesting, and I love the Rick Myers also", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00047-00026706-00027122": "pointed out this example. This is Monaco’s [spelled phonetically] gene, FOXP2, and Swanti", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00048-00027122-00027460": "Pavo’s [spelled phonetically] group, this [unintelligible] paper showed that it had", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00049-00027460-00027888": "a very interesting evolutionary history in the sense that there were two amino acids", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00050-00027888-00028471": "substitutions in a gene that hadn’t really had many amino acid substitutions for hundreds", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00051-00028471-00029030": "of millions of years, and of course this gene is required for the production of speech.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00052-00029030-00029803": "So the suggestion is that these are possibly events in the positive selection for speech", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00053-00029803-00030449": "in our species, and they are, by other means, they have been dated to an appropriate period", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00054-00030449-00030891": "of our evolutionary history. Now, of course, that doesn’t mean that we have any proof", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00055-00030891-00031628": "that this is a speech gene. Again, as Rick mentioned, Swanti’s made transgenic mice", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00056-00031628-00032061": "with humanized versions of this gene and he’s listening to the mice to see if there’s", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00057-00032061-00032502": "any difference, and of course there’s no definitive conclusion from that. So, one of", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00058-00032502-00033049": "the lessons that we get in this, is that it’s very difficult to test, especially human-specific,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00059-00033049-00033512": "or primate-specific, changes, because our primate models are precious, and of course", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00060-00033512-00034384": "human-specific is impossible to do any experiment with. So, also the complex connection between", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00061-00034384-00034936": "genotype and phenotype requires an immense amount of study. So with that in mind, as", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00062-00034936-00035469": "an excuse for showing you a gene that I know nothing about, functionally, I will go through", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00063-00035469-00036137": "what we did. We scanned, and this—we are usually the people that are shown here at", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00064-00036137-00036815": "the bottom in the credits slide, but this was Katie Pollard, who is now at University", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00065-00036815-00037572": "of California at Davis, who scanned the human genome for instances of this signature of", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00066-00037572-00038063": "positive selection in a region that was previously under negative selection. So here you have", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00067-00038063-00038949": "a region that showed as the most dramatic example of sudden positive selection after", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00068-00038949-00039474": "long negative selection, which we call human acceleration.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00069-00039474-00040116": "Human accelerated region one is a 118 bases that had only one change between chicken and", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00070-00040116-00040699": "chimp, if you went pair-wise, but overall was incredibly conserved for about three hundred", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00071-00040699-00041318": "million years, and then suddenly in a 118 paces, bam, 18 changes in the human lineage.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00072-00041318-00041921": "That indicates that something was going on to shake this region up. We found 49 such", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00073-00041921-00042700": "regions that were significant at a five percent false discovery rate. And looking that this", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00074-00042700-00043391": "top region, we can see that in fact in corresponds to a previously unexplored on chromosome 20.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00075-00043391-00043990": "Now the leg work was done by Sophie Salama. So she mapped this gene out for the first", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00076-00043990-00044365": "time, found out that there’s actually a gene on the forward strand and on the reverse", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00077-00044365-00044984": "strand and they overlap just at this interesting region. Now, it turns out that this gene doesn’t", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00078-00044984-00045447": "make a protein at all, it makes an RNA, so this returns to my previous example. And it", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00079-00045447-00045966": "turns out that Yakov Patterson, again who I mentioned earlier, independently found this", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00080-00045966-00046390": "gene on a completely separate whole genome screen, where he was looking for regions that", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00081-00046390-00046796": "showed the most dramatic [unintelligible] substitution pattern in the genome. This is", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00082-00046796-00047341": "in the top one percent, and was very close to the list if you take into account conservation", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00083-00047341-00047724": "it actually boils very close to the very top of the list.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00084-00047724-00048375": "And so what’s happening is, we can get now a confirmation that this change wasn’t just", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00085-00048375-00049066": "a speed up in mutation, but there must have been some kind of selective force going along", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00086-00049066-00049691": "with the mutations, because if you run a program to predict the RNA structure, and then look", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00087-00049691-00050246": "at how that RNA structure has changed, you find 10 positions are changed in the human", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00088-00050246-00050834": "genome, within the RNA helixes, and they form five perfectly compensatory change pairs,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00089-00050834-00051486": "so both base pairs have changed in order to maintain base pairing in what was originally", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00090-00051486-00052265": "helixes of the genome. Chances of that occurring is 10-9, by coincidence. So, you see the hands", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00091-00052265-00052769": "of selection clearly in this gene. And in fact what’s happened is that one of the", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00092-00052769-00053389": "helixes is also altered its structure, so this helix is now extended at the expense", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00093-00053389-00053866": "of this helix. So we also have a slightly new structure in the human. These have been", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00094-00053866-00054089": "confirmed by diamethyl sulfate probing,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00095-00054089-00054576": "I won’t go into the experimental details, but basically this dark patch here, comparing", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00096-00054576-00055061": "the two different RNAs that we’ve made in large quantities and tested now, shows that", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00097-00055061-00055648": "this position here, where the dot is, is relatively exposed near the end of the helix in chimp,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00098-00055648-00056198": "but it’s nicely buried in the middle of the helix and so is resistance to the diamethyl", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00099-00056198-00056945": "sulfate treatment in human—sorry, so you get a lot of hits in chimp and resistance", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00100-00056945-00057612": "in human. So that establishes, essentially, the correctness of this structure prediction", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00101-00057612-00058175": "that was already evident in an evolutionary point of view. Now, the exciting thing happened", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00102-00058175-00059058": "in this, and the reason it comes back to our attention here, in terms of in possibly important", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00103-00059058-00059528": "genes for human evolution, is Pierre Vonderhoggen [spelled phonetically] showed up, our Belgian", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00104-00059528-00060045": "colleague, with tissues where we can take clones that Sophie had prepared, and actually", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00105-00060045-00060444": "do in situ hybridization in human developmental neural tissue.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00106-00060444-00061001": "And so, you’re looking, actually, at, in situ hybridization, in this case, in human", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00107-00061001-00061709": "16, 17 gestational week fetus, and you can see that in fact this gene is expressed in", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00108-00061709-00062246": "specific layers in the developing cortex. This is the sub-peel granule layer, and this", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00109-00062246-00062672": "is the sub-peel surface here at the top, is the marginal zone. And this is the evolving", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00110-00062672-00063201": "cortical plates. So it’s expressed very close to the surface, in a specific set of", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00111-00063201-00063922": "patterns on either side of the marginal zone, sub-peel granule layer. And this gets re-capitulated", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00112-00063922-00064464": "in the macaque, at a comparable time in development, and what’s interesting is there’s another", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00113-00064464-00065057": "very important neurodevelopmental gene that’s being expressed at this time, the gene reelin.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00114-00065057-00065346": "And you can see that in immunohistochemistry there, next to it.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00115-00065346-00066080": "So what’s going on during about nine to 20 weeks, 24 weeks of gestation? The six layer", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00116-00066080-00066647": "structure of the cerebral cortex developing and being created. It’s being created at", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00117-00066647-00067301": "that time, there are migrating neurons coming radially up from the subventricular zone,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00118-00067301-00067852": "and they are sensing a gradient of reelin that’s produced by these Cajal-Retzius neurons,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00119-00067852-00068377": "some triangular shaped neurons that are up here near the peel surface, are creating this", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00120-00068377-00069002": "gradient of reelin and based on sensing the reelin concentration, these migrating neurons", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00121-00069002-00069476": "get off and form the various layers of the cortex. In fact, there are six waves of migration,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00122-00069476-00070043": "timed according to the reelin master clock, and that forms the brain. So, needless to", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00123-00070043-00070670": "say, we were extremely excited when we looked more carefully at the combined immunohistochemistry", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00124-00070670-00071262": "for reelin and the in situ hybridization, and we can see that in fact the [unintelligible]", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00125-00071262-00071999": "this rapidly accelerated gene, comes on at about the same time in human cerebral cortex", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00126-00071999-00072533": "development. It’s expressed specifically in the same cells, the Cajal-Retzius cell,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00127-00072533-00073113": "as reelin, and it actually goes off where reelin goes off. And so we have strong circumstantial", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00128-00073113-00073770": "evidence that this rapidly changed human gene may have something to do with the development", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00129-00073770-00074256": "of the cerebral cortex, which makes it a very exciting evolutionary candidate. And so we’re", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00130-00074256-00074697": "pursuing this, I emphasize, hypothesis, that we have no direct connection at this point.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00131-00074697-00075299": "It is all circumstantial, but it is a tantalizing hypothesis that this gene may have been involved", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00132-00075299-00075524": "in human evolution.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00133-00075524-00075976": "One thing that happened that you can see here on this radiograph, comparing the chimpanzee", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00134-00075976-00076501": "to the human, obviously, is that the cerebral cortex expanded by about threefold, during", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00135-00076501-00077073": "the time of evolution that we’re talking about, since divergence with the human and", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00136-00077073-00077512": "chimp. Now, we have no direct evidence that this gene had anything to do with that, but", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00137-00077512-00078387": "it shows you how we can go from a whole genome scan down to a hypothesis with amazing ease,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00138-00078387-00078889": "now, and I think we’re entering into a transformative period in the study of human evolution, when", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00139-00078889-00079610": "we can start to use our genetic tools to look deeper and in a non-biased, non-hypothesis-driven", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00140-00079610-00079829": "way.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00141-00079829-00080392": "Well, I’ll just provide a couple of other quick stories here. Many of you know, of course,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00142-00080392-00081059": "that the human genome is mostly so-called fossil junk, left over from transbosons, mostly", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00143-00081059-00081580": "retro transbosons, that are shown, their life cycle is shown here, that copy themselves", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00144-00081580-00082087": "and spread throughout the genome. It’s likely that much more than half of it is, and they’re", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00145-00082087-00082837": "just, the families are too old for us to recognize at this point. We used these retrotransboson", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00146-00082837-00083714": "families as a model of neutral evolution, to kind of have a yard stick on which to measure", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00147-00083714-00084501": "the rate, empirically, measure the rate of neutral evolution, and comparing to that yardstick,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00148-00084501-00085018": "if you look through 50 base pair windows of the human genome, compared to the orthologous", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00149-00085018-00085637": "region in mouse, you see an excess of highly conserved regions, and that was led to an", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00150-00085637-00086198": "estimate that about five percent of the human genome shows with comparison to the rodents,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00151-00086198-00086781": "signs of purifying selection, and that’s held up fairly well in subsequent studies", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00152-00086781-00087012": "with many more species and much more care.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00153-00087012-00087800": "So it’s clear that there is a reasonable percentage of our genome that is devoted to", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00154-00087800-00088295": "some kind of function which is under-purifying selection. It’s much more than is undercoating,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00155-00088295-00088861": "if you know, of course, less than 1.5 percent of the genome codes for protein. So at least", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00156-00088861-00089509": "twice as much as what codes for protein is under selection for something else. And we", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00157-00089509-00090017": "don’t, we assume that it’s regulatory of some kind, but most of this is unexplored,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00158-00090017-00090660": "so-called dark matter. Now, the regions of strong conservation often cluster near developmental", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00159-00090660-00091295": "genes, and that’s a very, very strong pattern. Recognizably similar sequences to these highly", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00160-00091295-00091819": "conserved vertebrate sequences are not found in invertebrates. And so there’s strong", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00161-00091819-00092598": "evidence that this may be an independent evolution of regulatory architecture in the vertebrates.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00162-00092598-00093193": "Some of the stretches are so conserved that they’re virtually unchanged for hundreds", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00163-00093193-00093654": "of millions of years. We call these ultraconserved, and Gilbert Gerano [spelled phonetically]", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00164-00093654-00094265": "discovered these and is working on them. He’s now at Stanford. And Eddy Rubens [spelled", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00165-00094265-00094552": "phonetically] group, in particular Len Panacho [spelled phonetically], has a wonderful paper", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00166-00094552-00095187": "recently, where he’s analyzed hundreds and hundreds of these, and showed them in assays", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00167-00095187-00095635": "to function as [unintelligible] enhancers, but then knocked out, Nadif [spelled phonetically]", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00168-00095635-00096211": "in his group knocked out four of them and didn’t see a phenotype. And so, they exert", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00169-00096211-00096774": "clear effects, when you do an enhancer assay, and oftentimes we see very, very strongly", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00170-00096774-00097218": "recapitulated, very, very precise recapitulation patterns that are under the control of these", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00171-00097218-00097544": "enhancers, so it’s clear they’re doing something, but it appears they’re largely", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00172-00097544-00098337": "redundant systems, and so knocking out a single one doesn’t have much measurable effect.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00173-00098337-00098728": "In recent, one of the things that I’d like to spend some time on, but don’t, recent", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00174-00098728-00099316": "evidence can’t, recent evidence indicates that many of these were actually propagated", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00175-00099316-00100006": "from one position to another, by transbosons, so we can trace the origin back to ancient", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00176-00100006-00100316": "transbosons that operated and moved this materially around, and if you think about the numbers", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00177-00100316-00100716": "game, it’s not surprising. We have hundreds of thousands of these elements that are all", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00178-00100716-00101301": "vertebrate-specific. There’s no reasonable duplication process, segmental duplication", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00179-00101301-00101909": "is great, I think Evan has highlighted some spectacular phenomena associated with that,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00180-00101909-00102405": "but it’s not pervasive enough to have created these massive networks all throughout the", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00181-00102405-00102968": "genome, of regulation. There’s strong evidence from several groups, including Lander’s", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00182-00102968-00103733": "group, the Elgar lab, Okada’s [spelled phonetically] lab, that we have a system that was mitigated", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00183-00103733-00104456": "by ancient transbosons. Now, there was always the question that, well, if you’re just", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00184-00104456-00104891": "looking at evolutionary conservation between species, how do we know these aren’t mutational", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00185-00104891-00105424": "cold spots, and again following on Andy’s talk, the way to do that is to look at the", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00186-00105424-00105949": "population dynamics of these today, and so if you look at derived allele frequency, which", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00187-00105949-00106462": "is the frequency of the new alleles are segregating within the population, we get away from the", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00188-00106462-00106933": "cold spot problem, because we’re only looking at alleles that are segregating, and among", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00189-00106933-00107349": "those alleles, we’re asking, do they get to high frequency? Do these new, or derived,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00190-00107349-00107566": "alleles get to high frequency in the population?", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00191-00107566-00108363": "So here’s a histogram for the frequencies of segregating alleles, 134 segregating derived", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00192-00108363-00109078": "alleles in the ultra-conserved sites, and doing this work with Rick Wilson’s laboratory,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00193-00109078-00109572": "we found out that, in fact, it’s very rare, only one of them got to more than 50 percent.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00194-00109572-00110263": "So you see a remarkable lack of high-frequency derived alleles. And this contrast with non-synonymous", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00195-00110263-00110873": "changes in coding regions, where they do come to high frequency and fix with the reasonable", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00196-00110873-00111585": "frequency. So as you convert this raw frequency spectrum into an estimate of the selection", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00197-00111585-00111955": "coefficient, for these sites, the average selection coefficient is about three times", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00198-00111955-00112782": "as strong as that in the non-synonymous amino acid-changing position. So that is dramatic", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00199-00112782-00113291": "evidence that these are actually under selection today, even if [unintelligible] can knock", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00200-00113291-00113680": "out the damned things and not see any phenotype.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00201-00113680-00114315": "So, in closing, we have a grand challenge here to reconstruct the evolutionary history", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00202-00114315-00115128": "of the human genome, and use it as a guide to understand processes that are relevant", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00203-00115128-00115805": "to our evolution in particular, and Evan made a spectacular [unintelligible] thing for the", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00204-00115805-00116224": "recently evolving regions of being the most exciting, and also having a great connection", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00205-00116224-00116779": "with human disease. The right way to do this is not pair-wise comparison but to actually", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00206-00116779-00117213": "reconstruct the history, as Evan indicated, and we think we can do that with very high", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00207-00117213-00117837": "accuracy, back about 100 million years, and for most of the genome, maybe 90 percent of", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00208-00117837-00118344": "the genome, and in the ultra-conserved regions, we can go back a lot further, and all of the", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00209-00118344-00118880": "genome centers are creating data, what we would like to be able to do is to actually", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00210-00118880-00119360": "model not just the single base changes, but the entire evolution of the genome, the chromosomal", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00211-00119360-00119997": "changes that you see, the segmental duplications that Evan studies, the reciprocal translocations,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00212-00119997-00120602": "the speciation events that result in independent changes that we can then trace back to a common", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00213-00120602-00120820": "ancestor.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00214-00120820-00121526": "The problem of putting together all of this data is enormous, and we have been very much", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00215-00121526-00122067": "wrapped up in it for three or four years, we’re working very hard with Webb Miller’s", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00216-00122067-00122416": "[spelled phonetically] lab, and looking at the wonderful data that’s been generated", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00217-00122416-00123086": "by all of the sequencing centers. You can see, with this density of sampling from the", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00218-00123086-00123595": "placental mammals, we have a good shot and we can prove this mathematically, a very good", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00219-00123595-00124199": "shot at producing a very accurate history from this ancestor forward, for most of the", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00220-00124199-00124726": "genome. If you go back further to the marsupials and so forth, there’s a long branch in there", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00221-00124726-00124990": "that’s going to be difficult, there are going to be a lot of ambiguities, it’s going", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00222-00124990-00125517": "to be difficult to reconstruct. But here there’s enough semi-independent data bearing on this,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00223-00125517-00126100": "say, borean-euthereo ancestor to give us a good accurate reconstruction. And it will", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00224-00126100-00126678": "look something like this. This is an early model, where we’re looking at evolutionarily", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00225-00126678-00127117": "non-rearranged segments, we call them atoms.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00226-00127117-00127464": "Non-rearranged and non-partially duplicated segments, here we broke up chromosome X into", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00227-00127464-00127837": "200 such segments, and we’re looking at its evolution, and I want to point out that", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00228-00127837-00128482": "these just aren’t, it isn’t just inversions that you’re seeing here, and translocations,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00229-00128482-00128915": "but that little like is a duplication, and so we’ve estimated that there was a duplication", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00230-00128915-00129333": "event, and we’ve traced the two copies as well. And so this is actually a new thing,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00231-00129333-00129849": "and we want to be able to do this on a large scale, to be able to analyze rearrangements", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00232-00129849-00130413": "and duplications at the same time. I think that is the key, if we don’t get there,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00233-00130413-00130733": "if we’re always doing this independently, we’re really not understanding the correct", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00234-00130733-00131161": "substrate for evolution, we’re really not putting together the correct story. Mathematically,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00235-00131161-00131763": "this has turned out to be enormously, enormously challenging. Of course, what we want to do", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00236-00131763-00132124": "is not just have the high level picture, but we want to be able to zoom down in and look", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00237-00132124-00132679": "at this region like in HAR I, where you have an area of evolutionary history, and this", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00238-00132679-00133180": "is just a little snapshot of dating some of the events that happened along there, and", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00239-00133180-00133624": "of course we’d love to get Swanti Pavo’s [spelled phonetically] or Eddie Rubens’", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00240-00133624-00134028": "Neanderthal sequence to fill in that, those question marks at that level.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00241-00134028-00134704": "So, the grand challenge, I see, from evolutionary genomics, is to reconstruct the history of", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00242-00134704-00135188": "every base in the human genome with as great accuracy as you can, say when you don’t", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00243-00135188-00135803": "know the answer, indicate the level of uncertainty. From that, we can recognize functional elements", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00244-00135803-00136278": "by the signs of negative selection, and look for positive selection that identifies the", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00245-00136278-00136865": "origins of evolutionary innovations that are specific to the human lineage. Thanks to the", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00246-00136865-00137514": "group, we have Sophie Salama leading the wet lab, and this is now the wet lab. At this", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00247-00137514-00137915": "point, it’s grown very rapidly and they’ve done a great job starting to explore some", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00248-00137915-00138490": "of the hypotheses that we’ve generated by our bioinformatics work, and of course Jim", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00249-00138490-00138919": "Kent is leading a very large group of browser [spelled phonetically] people, and then there", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00250-00138919-00139571": "are a number of students and postdocs, former postdocs, that I have to acknowledge, that", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00251-00139571-00140332": "contributed to this, Katie Pollard, now at UC Davis, Gil at Stanford and Adam at Cornell", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00252-00140332-00140699": "have done a great job at laying the foundation for this work.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00253-00140699-00141367": "And we have a large number of external collaborators, all of the genome people, and that’s the", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00254-00141367-00141530": "whole list of everybody. Thank you.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00255-00141530-00141651": "[applause]", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00256-00141651-00142461": "Dr. Eric Green: [inaudible] We have time for a few questions", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00257-00142461-00142823": "while we get our presentation loaded. And by the way, there is plenty of seats towards", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00258-00142823-00143132": "the front, so those of you who are trickling in, in the back, come on down, you can even", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00259-00143132-00143661": "sit next to the NIH director if you want. There’s an open seat next to him.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00260-00143661-00143761": "[applause]", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00261-00143761-00143861": "FS: That’s tempting, isn’t it?", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00262-00143861-00143961": "Dr. Eric Green: Okay, over here. Karen?", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00263-00143961-00144080": "Karen: David, we’re friends, so I can say this.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00264-00144080-00144755": "As an alum of Solara Genomics, we curse the day that phone call was made in 1999. We’re", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00265-00144755-00145428": "all still trying to get over it. I am really excited about the dark matter sort of work", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00266-00145428-00145812": "that you’re doing, but I wanted to go back to a previous part of your talk, where you’re", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00267-00145812-00146424": "talking about the annotated genes that we have already, with no functional attribution,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00268-00146424-00146844": "and that to me seems like a more embarrassing problem for us. Do you see that as something", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00269-00146844-00147084": "that’s amenable to a breakthrough anytime soon?", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00270-00147084-00147423": "Dr. David Haussler: That’s very difficult, from the point of", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00271-00147423-00148104": "view of evolutionary history, you know, you can identify those with unique evolutionary", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00272-00148104-00148483": "history, but there’s a long experimental road, I think, to really getting down to what", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00273-00148483-00148890": "we would be comfortable with calling an identified function. Elliott?", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00274-00148890-00149116": "Elliott: So every once in a while, I try and wrap my", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00275-00149116-00149664": "head around how an ultra-conserved element can be so conserved. I mean, these regions", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00276-00149664-00150152": "are more conserved than protein coating genes. And when we think about what we know about", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00277-00150152-00150845": "binding sites, which can have some wiggle room in the various faces. Sometimes more", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00278-00150845-00151275": "of a barroom conversation than anything else, but, I’m curious on your thoughts of how", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00279-00151275-00151698": "something like that can be so conserved at every base for so many millions of years?", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00280-00151698-00151925": "Dr. David Haussler: Every so often I scratch my head about that,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00281-00151925-00152763": "too. That’s a very difficult unsolved riddle at this point. Are there multiple overlapping", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00282-00152763-00153241": "binding sites? Some kind of promiscuous binding that we don’t completely understand, that", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00283-00153241-00153719": "governs these enhancers? There’s some kind of subtle qualitative effect that’s being", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00284-00153719-00154408": "selected for possibly lots of competing binding sites, maybe dual-function as an RNA or something", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00285-00154408-00154564": "else. It’s still wide open.", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00286-00154564-00154777": "Dr. Eric Green: All right, one more. Francis?", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00287-00154777-00155009": "Dr. Francis Collins: So when we’re trying to figure out what", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00288-00155009-00155483": "are the DNA sequences that are particularly responsible for very recent human evolution,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00289-00155483-00155951": "it is of course tempting to look at the things that are gains of function. But obviously,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00290-00155951-00156385": "the other possibility, and one that Maynard Olson, in particular, our Oracle of Delphi", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00291-00156385-00156807": "when it comes to the genome, has always put forward that it probably won’t turn out,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00292-00156807-00157261": "that it won’t be gains, it will be losses. You have something that was holding you back,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00293-00157261-00157611": "and you got down out of the trees on to the savannah, you didn’t need it anymore, it", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00294-00157611-00158152": "gave other opportunities. An example is this MYH11 gene that’s responsible for jaw muscles", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00295-00158152-00158616": "and maybe if your jaw muscles are puny, you give your cranium a chance to expand and take", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00296-00158616-00159223": "up more space with brain. So, is there a systematic kind of approach to that question, in terms", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00297-00159223-00159673": "of what things have become nonfunctional? Is there a story there, or is there just a", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00298-00159673-00159773": "bunch of anecdotes?", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00299-00159773-00160052": "Dr. David Haussler: Well, we’re starting to get a systematic,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00300-00160052-00160499": "and it begs for us that question, we just have a paper that will be coming out soon,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00301-00160499-00161151": "doing a screen on that subject, and I’ll send you a draft of it, happily, but yes,", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00302-00161151-00161648": "of course, you can, and I think loss is extremely important, and we’ve found a few more, but", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00303-00161648-00162214": "I think we’re still a ways from being systematic about it, because it greatly enriches for", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00304-00162214-00162655": "any artifacts in our assembly or matching algorithms and so forth, and so it’s hard", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00305-00162655-00163112": "work to sort through that and make sure that it isn’t a gap or a glitch or something", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00306-00163112-00163645": "that you’ve introduced. And so, there’s a labor-intensive part of that, but it’s", "qL9MpTWtTdY-00307-00163645-00163663": "coming."}}, {"audio_id": "qLAtLQvYolo", "text": {"qLAtLQvYolo-00000-00000000-00000279": "I want to thank you Empire State Building because I know how prestigious", "qLAtLQvYolo-00001-00000279-00000519": "an event this is I want to thank make-a-wish we get as", "qLAtLQvYolo-00002-00000519-00000963": "many people as we can here like I said Haley thanks for being here I mean to", "qLAtLQvYolo-00003-00000963-00001230": "see the kids here for make-a-wish today that's why we're here", "qLAtLQvYolo-00004-00001230-00001713": "so these experiences are always fun and when when we can craft an experience and", "qLAtLQvYolo-00005-00001713-00002097": "make a wish that one extends the whole day too is entertaining and three is a", "qLAtLQvYolo-00006-00002097-00002433": "memorable moment I mean just being on the Empire State Building this is the", "qLAtLQvYolo-00007-00002433-00002832": "view of New York it's incredible so I know how much hard work went into this", "qLAtLQvYolo-00008-00002832-00003254": "movie from learning how to drive stick shift to all the press from Berlin to", "qLAtLQvYolo-00009-00003254-00003572": "China to here what does it mean to be here today", "qLAtLQvYolo-00010-00003572-00004061": "oh well to be here specifically right here right now with John this is just", "qLAtLQvYolo-00011-00004061-00004485": "such an incredible thing to be a part of we get to make people happy like you", "qLAtLQvYolo-00012-00004485-00004842": "said as a result of what we do and there's nothing better so excited to be", "qLAtLQvYolo-00013-00004842-00005207": "here with some amazing people and you know share those show the work we got a", "qLAtLQvYolo-00014-00005207-00005480": "film coming out tonight", "qLAtLQvYolo-00015-00005991-00006391": "Sun Goes Down to be pretty special and they get super humble be like it's a", "qLAtLQvYolo-00016-00006391-00007017": "whole day in a great city they spend the holidays the New York City's are very", "qLAtLQvYolo-00017-00007238-00007921": "Congrats on the film and enjoy the holidays me", "qLAtLQvYolo-00018-00007921-00008370": "yeah they're gonna be like it's just the Empire State for the record wait there's", "qLAtLQvYolo-00019-00008370-00008624": "no reason there"}}, {"audio_id": "qLGkVbwaLL0", "text": {"qLGkVbwaLL0-00000-00000056-00000584": "i have removed 82 videos from our reserved new views playlist, and switched it", "qLGkVbwaLL0-00001-00000584-00001192": "all up, only keeping seven videos on the playlist at the end of our checks. this was because they", "qLGkVbwaLL0-00002-00001192-00001704": "all had at least one view, but three of them actually had at least a thousand views, which", "qLGkVbwaLL0-00003-00001704-00002112": "is kind of amazing. this was because of the jump that i had in the beginning of..."}}, {"audio_id": "qLY_9-8kl_u", "text": {"qLY_9-8kl_u-00000-00000750-00001086": "I've seen people with no limbs, with nothing.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00001-00001086-00001476": "You know, like, people, you gotta leave them,", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00002-00001476-00001702": "they can't continue hiding, you know?", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00003-00002020-00002217": "My name is Jessie Mustapha.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00004-00002217-00002306": "When I was little,", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00005-00002306-00002683": "all I could remember is gunshots, running.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00006-00002783-00003091": "I couldn't understand why we were running.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00007-00003606-00004056": "My dad applied for us and went to the embassy or somewhere", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00008-00004056-00004482": "and says that, \"My children are in the war,\"", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00009-00004482-00004672": "and he wants to bring them to America.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00010-00005536-00005716": "And then I went to boot camp.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00011-00005716-00005944": "Sit up straight and look at me!", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00012-00005944-00006207": "My name is Gunnery Sergeant Pennance", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00013-00006208-00006455": "and I am your senior drill instructor.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00014-00007290-00007452": "And then I got injured.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00015-00008019-00008371": "It was my provider asked me, \"So Mustapha, when you go home,", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00016-00008371-00008468": "\"What's you gonna do?\"", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00017-00008468-00008634": "I told him, \"Sir, you're breaking my heart.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00018-00008634-00008844": "Literally, you're breaking my heart.\"", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00019-00008844-00009211": "I might be like this forever, for the rest of my life,", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00020-00009211-00009313": "so I went okay, tell you,", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00021-00009313-00009521": "if I'm gonna be here for the rest of my life,", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00022-00009521-00009762": "I might as well complete my goal here,", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00023-00009762-00010018": "you know, my dreams to be a Marine.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00024-00010590-00010776": "He's had to talk to medical officers,", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00025-00010777-00010970": "he's had to talk to drill instructors", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00026-00010970-00011173": "from a whole year on Parris Island", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00027-00011173-00011465": "to convince them that he's worth putting back in the fight.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00028-00011465-00011585": "He's shown more commitment", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00029-00011585-00011777": "in his 12 months here on Parris Island", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00030-00011777-00012015": "than some people do in an entire enlistment", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00031-00012015-00012186": "in the Marine Corps.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00032-00012348-00012700": "Be proud of yourself and the uniform you now wear", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00033-00012786-00013112": "and above all else, never quit or give up", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00034-00013112-00013480": "for we offer you the challenge of recruit training", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00035-00013480-00013890": "and the opportunity to earn the title, United States Marine.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00036-00015191-00015508": "When I came to America, I didn't know anything,", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00037-00015508-00015688": "I didn't know how to read and write", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00038-00015688-00015908": "or even know how to spell my own name.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00039-00015908-00016129": "I want to show thank you", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00040-00016129-00016488": "because I was once saved by United States.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00041-00016488-00016626": "United States always help", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00042-00016745-00017173": "and I wanna be one of the people that help.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00043-00017173-00017565": "You see, without God, without United States, without my dad,", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00044-00017565-00017880": "there was no way I would be alive, and that for sure I know.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00045-00018434-00018621": "I'm also going to tell him to make sure", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00046-00018621-00018922": "that he goes out and proves it again, every day.", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00047-00018922-00019024": "Because in the Marine Corps", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00048-00019024-00019237": "he'll meet people who don't know his backstory,", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00049-00019237-00019338": "he'll meet people who don't know", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00050-00019338-00019541": "the struggle that he went through", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00051-00019541-00019744": "and as long as he remembers to prove it again", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00052-00019744-00019941": "with that same commitment every day,", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00053-00019941-00020252": "he will be one of the best Marines that I have ever met", "qLY_9-8kl_u-00054-00020252-00020395": "and I look forward to seeing that."}}, {"audio_id": "qLYLfisYjtI", "text": {"qLYLfisYjtI-00000-00002348-00002717": "you know I have the chicken to be slightly protected moon and a bond", "qLYLfisYjtI-00001-00002717-00003098": "militarily prominently palestinian-israeli so my campus money", "qLYLfisYjtI-00002-00003098-00003551": "to Jerry two-tone diamond minecart monkey no monokuma Jason about my salah", "qLYLfisYjtI-00003-00003551-00004058": "muy the mid mullet on Lou - nuta peppa-mint my cooperate immature 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What is a better deal:", "qpfhpNkBCcY-00001-00000575-00001453": "one-third of everything or one-third of original price? Assume that the original", "qpfhpNkBCcY-00002-00001453-00002221": "price of the product we're interested in is $600 in both stores. We would like to", "qpfhpNkBCcY-00003-00002221-00003186": "buy a very good computer. Store number one offers one-third of everything.", "qpfhpNkBCcY-00004-00003186-00004162": "One third of everything means that we will pay only two thirds of the price. So,", "qpfhpNkBCcY-00005-00004162-00005455": "we will pay $400 in store one. Store two offers one third of original price. One", "qpfhpNkBCcY-00006-00005455-00006328": "third of original price means that we will pay one third of the price. So, we", "qpfhpNkBCcY-00007-00006328-00007752": "will pay $200 in store two. Conclusion: the second offer is better! Words and numbers", "qpfhpNkBCcY-00008-00007752-00008388": "in statistics are equally important!"}}, {"audio_id": "qpDQ4WUOe0Y", "text": {"qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00000-00002615-00002885": "Here in Powys we have a set up", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00001-00002885-00003188": "or a recipe which is aimed at", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00002-00003188-00003371": "sort of the lower tiers and when they're", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00003-00003371-00003554": "not involved with social services", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00004-00003554-00003977": "there's all the kind of areas", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00005-00003977-00004430": "health, education and all sit round", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00006-00004430-00004766": "the table together and then you can take", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00007-00004766-00005114": "a case forward to it and we find a lot", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00008-00005114-00005342": "of young carers hit that particular", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00009-00005342-00005498": "group so they're a group with additional", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00010-00005498-00005735": "needs but they're not at a level where", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00011-00005735-00005939": "social services typically needs to get", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00012-00005939-00006239": "involved and then yes we played quite a", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00013-00006239-00006484": "big part in that and then I think it's", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00014-00006484-00006931": "really enhanced our status and", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00015-00006931-00007067": "also the awareness of young carers", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00016-00007067-00007325": "because they've been quite surprised how", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00017-00007325-00007609": "how many young people there are who have caring", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00018-00007609-00007765": "responsibilities who need just a little", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00019-00007765-00008012": "bit of extra support really.", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00020-00009066-00009192": "Part of the role of meeting here at the", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00021-00009192-00009347": "youth center and having a youth worker", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00022-00009347-00009611": "involved with the club is hopefully", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00023-00009611-00009836": "to link them in with other", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00024-00009836-00010035": "youth service provisions that are going on", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00025-00010035-00010239": "and there's a couple of lads here that", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00026-00010239-00010479": "didn't go to anything before they", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00027-00010479-00010686": "came here and they're now attending of", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00028-00010686-00010961": "the youth service clubs that happen here", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00029-00010961-00011175": "in the center and they have more", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00030-00011175-00011379": "confidence to kind of join up in", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00031-00011379-00011522": "youth club activities and things which", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00032-00011522-00011926": "is great because we can obviously only offer so much.", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00033-00012042-00012158": "I typically work with two", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00034-00012159-00012405": "high schools and we now have carers", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00035-00012405-00012614": "champions in each of our schools so I", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00036-00012614-00012807": "have one point of contact in the school", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00037-00012807-00013028": "to go to which is really helpful because", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00038-00013028-00013257": "you don't always know who the link is in", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00039-00013257-00013485": "that school and they have a much greater", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00040-00013485-00013707": "awareness of young carers just because", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00041-00013707-00013929": "I'm constantly going in and and meeting", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00042-00013929-00014195": "young people there and I think they they", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00043-00014195-00014490": "value my input there and they sort of", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00044-00014490-00014738": "learn just through the fact that I", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00045-00014738-00014963": "regularly going in and sort of meeting", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00046-00014963-00015216": "particular young people and there's an", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00047-00015216-00015438": "awareness of who the young carers are in", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00048-00015438-00015675": "that school and it makes the school", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00049-00015675-00015951": "feel like they had contributing more", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00050-00015951-00016131": "supporting them as well and just having", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00051-00016131-00016304": "a better awareness", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00052-00017387-00017590": "Well this group that we run", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00053-00017591-00017786": "I've got young people from 8 all the way up to", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00054-00017786-00018122": "20 and definitely the sort of 14 and over", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00055-00018122-00018341": "by a case which we try to do different", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00056-00018341-00018542": "activities for them so we've got a different", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00057-00018542-00018764": "Christmas party for them occasionally", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00058-00018764-00018965": "a night specifically for them as well", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00059-00018965-00019259": "but they really enjoy being part of the", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00060-00019259-00019553": "whole group and being the mentors", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00061-00019553-00019841": "for the younger ones and taking on a", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00062-00019841-00019994": "little bit more responsibility within", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00063-00019994-00020240": "the group and I think they", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00064-00020240-00020525": "enjoy their status really mixing with", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00065-00020525-00020831": "all the others so, it's not always the", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00066-00020831-00021017": "right environment here to talk about the", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00067-00021017-00021167": "kind of things that they all talk about", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00068-00021167-00021407": "so I quite often have to meet up with", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00069-00021407-00021710": "them outside of this group or signpost", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00070-00021710-00021980": "them to organizations that are more", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00071-00021980-00022280": "specifically able to help them with", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00072-00022280-00022652": "their careers or whatever. I think with", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00073-00022652-00022904": "such a constant factor in their life", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00074-00022904-00023042": "so we've known them all the way", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00075-00023042-00023261": "through in a lot of cases you know we don't", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00076-00023261-00023480": "just work for six weeks", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00077-00023480-00023822": "there's just this in-built trust and", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00078-00023822-00024083": "so we're good point to sort of as I said", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00079-00024083-00024341": "before just a signpost out really", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00080-00024341-00024557": "and so not take it on ourselves and", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00081-00024557-00024698": "think that we're the experts to", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00082-00024698-00024851": "everything is clearly we're not you know", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00083-00024851-00025091": "there are many other organizations that", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00084-00025091-00025307": "are better equipped to help them with", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00085-00025307-00025502": "grants or help them with applying to", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00086-00025502-00025676": "university or the sort of things", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00087-00025676-00025925": "we're a good central pin to", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00088-00025925-00026057": "point them in the right", "qpDQ4WUOe0Y-00089-00026057-00026418": "direction or meet to show them the right people."}}, {"audio_id": "qOkqYP4Khmc", "text": {"qOkqYP4Khmc-00000-00000000-00000200": "hi welcome to my vlog tutorial computer & android"}}]