[{"audio_id": "11qjDYq2gfo", "text": {"11qjDYq2gfo-00000-00000000-00000486": "Just when Timothée Chalamet got the last bit of sand out of his hair, he’s going back to", "11qjDYq2gfo-00001-00000486-00001092": "the desert. Dune, Denis Villeneuve’s sweeping adaptation of the 1965 science-fiction novel", "11qjDYq2gfo-00002-00001092-00001626": "by Frank Herbert, is officially getting a sequel. “I just received news from Legendary that we are", "11qjDYq2gfo-00003-00001626-00002166": "officially moving forward with Dune: Part Two,” Villeneuve said in a statement in October 2021,", "11qjDYq2gfo-00004-00002166-00002694": "according to The Hollywood Reporter. “It was a dream of mine to adapt Frank Herbert’s Dune,", "11qjDYq2gfo-00005-00002694-00003750": "and I have the fans, the cast and crew, Legendary and Warner Bros.", "11qjDYq2gfo-00006-00008922-00009390": "to thank for supporting this dream. This is only the beginning.” With Dune:", "11qjDYq2gfo-00007-00009390-00009858": "Part Two solidly in place, it’s time we check in on this upcoming sand-based film.", "11qjDYq2gfo-00008-00010512-00011136": "Chalamet rides a big worm to impress Zendaya’s Chani in the first trailer for Dune 2. The", "11qjDYq2gfo-00009-00011136-00011556": "rightful heir to House Atreides is stuck on the planet of Arrakis while the rest of the universe", "11qjDYq2gfo-00010-00011556-00012066": "thinks he’s dead, so Javier Bardem’s character gives him some tips on how to ride the sandworm.", "11qjDYq2gfo-00011-00012066-00012636": "Elsewhere, Florence Pugh’s Princess Irulan plots, and Austin Butler’s Feyd-Rautha Harkonnen fights", "11qjDYq2gfo-00012-00012636-00013176": "in an arena — bald from the eyebrows up. “In the shadows of Arrakis lie many secrets,” Princess", "11qjDYq2gfo-00013-00013176-00013812": "Irulan says. “But the darkest of all will remain the end of House Atreides.” It’s not so dark,", "11qjDYq2gfo-00014-00013812-00014472": "though. By the end of the trailer, Paul Atreides masters “sandback” riding and gets to kiss Chani.", "11qjDYq2gfo-00015-00014472-00014718": "Who’s in Part Two? If you watched Dune:", "11qjDYq2gfo-00016-00014718-00015330": "Part One, you may remember that the majority of the characters are, in fact, dead. Oscar Isaac,", "11qjDYq2gfo-00017-00015330-00015918": "Jason Momoa, and Sharon Duncan-Brewster are all dead by gas, combat, and sandworm (respectively).", "11qjDYq2gfo-00018-00015978-00016362": "So Villeneuve has padded Dune: Part Two with some pretty well known names.", "11qjDYq2gfo-00019-00016434-00017064": "Chalamet, Bardem, Zendaya, and Rebecca Ferguson will all be returning, of course. But they’ve", "11qjDYq2gfo-00020-00017064-00017604": "added Pugh, Butler, Léa Seydoux, and Christopher Walken to their band of science-fiction sisters.", "11qjDYq2gfo-00021-00017664-00018198": "Walken will be playing Shaddam IV, the emperor of House Corrino; Pugh will be playing his daughter,", "11qjDYq2gfo-00022-00018198-00018732": "Princess Irulan; Seydoux will be Lady Margot, who is one of the emperor’s friends and a member of", "11qjDYq2gfo-00023-00018732-00019224": "iconic queens the Bene Gesserit; and Butler will be Feyd-Rautha Harkonnen, the nephew of Stellan", "11qjDYq2gfo-00024-00019224-00019818": "Skarsgård’s Baron Harkonnen. Finally, Tim Blake Nelson will play an as-yet-unnamed character.", "11qjDYq2gfo-00025-00019818-00020160": "It’s a veritable who’s who of talent across generational divides.", "11qjDYq2gfo-00026-00020160-00020508": "What’s the plot? Dune: Part Two will take on the second", "11qjDYq2gfo-00027-00020508-00021072": "half of Frank Herbert’s original epic sci-fi novel. The first film left clairvoyant boy-king", "11qjDYq2gfo-00028-00021072-00021624": "Paul Atreides (Little Timmy Tim) and his mother (Ferguson) as they joined the Fremen. Luckily,", "11qjDYq2gfo-00029-00021624-00022134": "this means that we’ll have more than seven minutes with Zendaya’s Fremen character, Chani.", "11qjDYq2gfo-00030-00022134-00022614": "Further plot and character details were revealed at CinemaCon on April 25.", "11qjDYq2gfo-00031-00022614-00023070": "“She’s not just in dreams this time,” Zendaya said about Chani’s larger role", "11qjDYq2gfo-00032-00023070-00023574": "in the second film. In Part One, “I only got a small time to find out who she was.", "11qjDYq2gfo-00033-00023646-00024090": "These are still two young people who are trying to grow up, fall in love, and leave", "11qjDYq2gfo-00034-00024090-00024576": "being a warrior for your people.” Villeneuve described the sequel as an “action-packed,", "11qjDYq2gfo-00035-00024576-00025056": "epic war movie,” as opposed to the first film, which was “more of a contemplative movie.”", "11qjDYq2gfo-00036-00025122-00025722": "He elaborated: “It is much more dense. We went to all-new locations. I didn’t want a feeling of", "11qjDYq2gfo-00037-00025722-00026339": "repetition. It’s all-new sets. Everything is new.” The film was shot entirely in Imax, he revealed.", "11qjDYq2gfo-00038-00026339-00026862": "The Dune 2 trailer that premiered at CinemaCon featured Atreides’s first ride on a sandworm as", "11qjDYq2gfo-00039-00026862-00027402": "well as clips of Pugh as Princess Irulan Corrino and Butler as the “psychotic” Feyd-Rautha (a", "11qjDYq2gfo-00040-00027402-00027756": "fan-made image of Butler as the character made the rounds on Twitter earlier today,", "11qjDYq2gfo-00041-00027756-00028266": "but it’s unfortunately not real). A fight scene between Feyd and Paul features in the", "11qjDYq2gfo-00042-00028266-00028727": "trailer. “We really see Paul Atreides become a leader,” Chalamet said of his character.", "11qjDYq2gfo-00043-00028788-00029010": "“A redeemer of the Fremen people in a sense.”", "11qjDYq2gfo-00044-00029010-00029064": "When is Dune 2 out? The Dune: Part Two", "11qjDYq2gfo-00045-00029064-00029177": "release date is actually doin’ some movin’. The film was originally slated", "11qjDYq2gfo-00046-00029177-00029966": "for release on November 17, 2023, but that premiere has just been moved up two weeks", "11qjDYq2gfo-00047-00029966-00030199": "to November 3. Why the change? Well, Blade was originally scheduled for November 3,", "11qjDYq2gfo-00048-00030199-00030456": "but with that film changing dates because of a director switch-up, Dune: Part Two is free to", "11qjDYq2gfo-00049-00030456-00030742": "take the early-November slot. After all, nothing kicks off the holiday season like sandworms."}}, {"audio_id": "11zEWGXJ4k0", "text": {"11zEWGXJ4k0-00000-00000006-00000558": "welcome to my channel today news please subscribe my channel for updates news", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00001-00000558-00001266": "and get notifications from today news the 50 stories from 50 states that moved", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00002-00001266-00001920": "us in 2017 the year began with Donald Trump assuming the mantle of 45th", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00003-00001920-00002552": "President of the United States the day after he was inaugurated more than 2", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00004-00002552-00002943": "million people across the world called for a revolution as a bulwark against", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00005-00002943-00003357": "the new administration they feared would roll back reproductive civil and human", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00006-00003357-00003939": "rights the year that followed was no less dramatic former national security", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00007-00003939-00004344": "adviser Michael Flynn was ousted from the White House over his Russian", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00008-00004344-00005043": "contacts NFL players continued to kneel there were multiple data breaches but", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00009-00005043-00005481": "none larger than Equifax which compromised the personal information of", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00010-00005481-00006294": "nearly half of all Americans inevitably there was tragedy the catastrophic 2017", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00011-00006294-00006881": "hurricane season brought us Harvey Irma and Maria which Texas Florida and Puerto", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00012-00006881-00007380": "Rico will spend years recovering from New York City saw its worst terrorist", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00013-00007380-00007998": "attacks since 9/11 in Las Vegas 58 people died in the worst mass shooting", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00014-00007998-00008443": "in American history but there was also wonder", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00015-00008443-00008956": "for the first time in almost 100 years a total solar eclipse spanned across the", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00016-00008956-00009550": "country we celebrated the news that one of our own California native Megan", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00017-00009550-00010014": "Markel is set to Wed Prince Harry and become the first divorced biracial", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00018-00010014-00010726": "Jewish American actress to join the British royal family in the end 2017", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00019-00010726-00011097": "closes with hope women punctuated the year with the", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00020-00011097-00011527": "powerful rallying cry hashtag meta prompting a national reckoning on a", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00021-00011527-00011975": "culture of sexual violence that has persisted unabated for far too long", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00022-00011975-00012595": "after another eventful year USA Today revisits one story from each state the", "11zEWGXJ4k0-00023-00012595-00013302": "big news the best investigations and the moments we can't stop talking about"}}, {"audio_id": "11M1VDnobJE", "text": {"11M1VDnobJE-00000-00000305-00000984": "During the Second World War, the F6F Hellcat was responsible for over 75% of air victories", "11M1VDnobJE-00001-00000984-00001664": "in the Pacific Theater for the US Navy. Over 300 of these aircraft would find a final resting", "11M1VDnobJE-00002-00001664-00002350": "place in the Hawaiian Island archipelago. Today, Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National", "11M1VDnobJE-00003-00002350-00002936": "Marine Sanctuary and its partners are surveying sites with cutting edge technology in an effort", "11M1VDnobJE-00004-00002936-00003494": "to document the historic resting places for these aircraft and other casualties of the", "11M1VDnobJE-00005-00003494-00003903": "past. We’re here in the sanctuary today, here in Mā'alaea Bay on the Island of Maui", "11M1VDnobJE-00006-00003903-00004437": "to do some dives to document a historic plane wreck. A lot of these wreck sites end up becoming", "11M1VDnobJE-00007-00004437-00005144": "their own artificial reefs, attracting a whole host of fish and coral recruitment. We took", "11M1VDnobJE-00008-00005144-00005732": "a lot of photographs using a camera from a partner of ours – XL Catlin SeaView. We took these photos", "11M1VDnobJE-00009-00005732-00006314": "that are going to be 360-degree photos, several of them around the plane so we could create an", "11M1VDnobJE-00010-00006314-00006925": "underwater virtual tour of this heritage wreck site. These wreck sites are important to share", "11M1VDnobJE-00011-00006925-00007416": "with the public because they’re one of the most under appreciated treasures of the sanctuary", "11M1VDnobJE-00012-00007416-00007918": "here in Maui. So check our website for this information or any other projects we’re", "11M1VDnobJE-00013-00007918-00008410": "working on: sanctuaries.noaa.gov or hawaii.humpbackwhale.noaa.gov."}}, {"audio_id": "11NT5i21npQ", "text": {"11NT5i21npQ-00000-00000000-00000490": "I really just wanted to know what it was like to work a full-time, 9-5 professional design job.", "11NT5i21npQ-00001-00000490-00000730": "I'd recently earned my Master's degree in creative writing,", "11NT5i21npQ-00002-00000730-00001050": "so I was looking for a way to translate that to the real world.", "11NT5i21npQ-00003-00001050-00001486": "I was ready for a career change, and I wanted to find a company with a culture that reflected who I am."}}, {"audio_id": "12_FWxZZzmu", "text": {"12_FWxZZzmu-00000-00000000-00000200": "So hot!", "12_FWxZZzmu-00001-00000200-00000400": "Street food"}}, {"audio_id": "12e440XpvKk", "text": {"12e440XpvKk-00000-00000039-00001279": "This is part 3 in the ongoing saga of my attempts to make a 1/10th scale shipping container.", "12e440XpvKk-00001-00001279-00001657": "Shipping container roofs (rooves?) are a funny thing.", "12e440XpvKk-00002-00001657-00002053": "They don t have to carry any weight when the containers are stacked, as that all goes through", "12e440XpvKk-00003-00002053-00002153": "the corner posts.", "12e440XpvKk-00004-00002153-00002702": "(That s why you will commonly see 40 foot boxes on top of 2 20 foot boxes -- the posts", "12e440XpvKk-00005-00002702-00002965": "all line up fine and the weight is transferred no problem.", "12e440XpvKk-00006-00002965-00003354": "But the other way around doesn t work -- all this weight is directly on the weakest point", "12e440XpvKk-00007-00003354-00003460": "of the lower container.", "12e440XpvKk-00008-00003460-00003947": "And there would be no way to lock these corners down, which could be even worse in transit.", "12e440XpvKk-00009-00003947-00004412": "But I did find this picture of it in the wild, so it happens, but ...it s weird.)", "12e440XpvKk-00010-00004412-00004828": "Roofs do have to deal with the elements, however, which mostly means being able to shed water", "12e440XpvKk-00011-00004828-00004962": "reliably.", "12e440XpvKk-00012-00004962-00005501": "One of the common alloys used in making containers is weathering steel, which has the very convenient", "12e440XpvKk-00013-00005501-00005777": "property of rusting a bit, and then stopping.", "12e440XpvKk-00014-00005777-00005982": "Like what aluminum does, basically.", "12e440XpvKk-00015-00005982-00006342": "I ve used it myself in large permanent sculptures, great stuff.", "12e440XpvKk-00016-00006342-00006764": "But the one thing you don t want is to leave it sitting in water, then it will just rust", "12e440XpvKk-00017-00006764-00006934": "like normal steel.", "12e440XpvKk-00018-00006934-00007322": "So the roof can t just be flat, and it definitely can t bow down in the middle.", "12e440XpvKk-00019-00007322-00007788": "The standard solution is to have a slight arch in the roof from side to side, and to", "12e440XpvKk-00020-00007788-00008098": "emboss the steel with these stiffening features.", "12e440XpvKk-00021-00008098-00008254": "Which posed a conundrum for my project.", "12e440XpvKk-00022-00008254-00008689": "They couldn t be bent with the brake, they had to be pressed into shape.", "12e440XpvKk-00023-00008689-00008903": "So I started experimenting.", "12e440XpvKk-00024-00008903-00009427": "I started with the absolute dumbest idea possible, milling a slot into some scrap wood and using", "12e440XpvKk-00025-00009427-00009559": "a ball-peen hammer.", "12e440XpvKk-00026-00009559-00009686": "It didn t work in the slightest.", "12e440XpvKk-00027-00009686-00010172": "But that got my blood flowing, at least, so I found the motivation to make a more realistic", "12e440XpvKk-00028-00010172-00010281": "die set.", "12e440XpvKk-00029-00010281-00010703": "The lower piece still had a shallow slot in it, but I added an upper guide piece and a", "12e440XpvKk-00030-00010703-00011007": "dynamic die to be pushed down into the slot.", "12e440XpvKk-00031-00011007-00011389": "This was done by a little hydraulic press, or a deadblow mallet.", "12e440XpvKk-00032-00011389-00011578": "And it worked surprisingly well!", "12e440XpvKk-00033-00011578-00011931": "The embossed sections looked really great for just an hour s worth of effort.", "12e440XpvKk-00034-00011931-00012100": "But there were still some issues.", "12e440XpvKk-00035-00012100-00012390": "Getting the upper and lower dies lined up was a pain.", "12e440XpvKk-00036-00012390-00012808": "And getting the spacing and parallelism between the embossings was really tricky.", "12e440XpvKk-00037-00012808-00013275": "The next version aiming at the full 120mm width would have to solve those problems.", "12e440XpvKk-00038-00013275-00013763": "I made it out of cold roll bar, 1.5 inch wide.", "12e440XpvKk-00039-00013763-00014184": "The lower piece had two shallow slots this time, so the previous embossing could sit", "12e440XpvKk-00040-00014184-00014434": "in the second one and set the spacing.", "12e440XpvKk-00041-00014434-00014844": "The lower piece had tapped holes, so the upper guide could be screwed down onto it.", "12e440XpvKk-00042-00014844-00015312": "This keeps the alignment between them correct, and also clamps the sheet metal in place.", "12e440XpvKk-00043-00015312-00015718": "The upper piece still just had a slot in it, but much thicker this time to guide the moving", "12e440XpvKk-00044-00015718-00015845": "punch better.", "12e440XpvKk-00045-00015845-00016382": "Finally, I rounded the ends of the punch using a radius cutter, so it fit in the guide slot", "12e440XpvKk-00046-00016382-00016482": "perfectly.", "12e440XpvKk-00047-00016482-00016660": "It all felt good, like a real tool.", "12e440XpvKk-00048-00016660-00016797": "But would it work?", "12e440XpvKk-00049-00016797-00017232": "Unfortunately I got carried away testing it and didn t film the first tests.", "12e440XpvKk-00050-00017232-00017819": "The results were vaguely acceptable, I guess.", "12e440XpvKk-00051-00017819-00018173": "It was too wide for the hydraulic press to handle, so I started hammering on it with", "12e440XpvKk-00052-00018173-00018303": "the deadblow.", "12e440XpvKk-00053-00018303-00018574": "That sometimes worked well, but not reliably.", "12e440XpvKk-00054-00018574-00019027": "I tried using the shorter punch from the previous test, which concentrated the power well, but", "12e440XpvKk-00055-00019027-00019490": "left ugly marks on the ends, even after I ground them down to a nice taper.", "12e440XpvKk-00056-00019490-00019942": "And while the spacing between the embossings was great, the left-right spacing was pretty", "12e440XpvKk-00057-00019942-00020042": "bad.", "12e440XpvKk-00058-00020042-00020479": "There was just too much slop for the second slot to constrain that motion well enough.", "12e440XpvKk-00059-00020479-00020579": "Third attempt.", "12e440XpvKk-00060-00020579-00021062": "I milled a very shallow recess into the lower die, half the thickness of the sheet metal,", "12e440XpvKk-00061-00021062-00021353": "exactly as wide as the piece was supposed to be.", "12e440XpvKk-00062-00021353-00021837": "This would lock the sheet into place left/right, eliminating that last degree of freedom.", "12e440XpvKk-00063-00021837-00022226": "I ground down the business end of the dynamic die some, to give more room for the sheet", "12e440XpvKk-00064-00022226-00022381": "metal to move.", "12e440XpvKk-00065-00022381-00022586": "And I got back to experimenting.", "12e440XpvKk-00066-00022586-00023025": "This time, out of frustration, I tried using the driving hammer on the full width die.", "12e440XpvKk-00067-00023025-00023529": "I hadn t used it before not wanting to mushroom out the top of the die, but I figured I should", "12e440XpvKk-00068-00023529-00023634": "give it a go.", "12e440XpvKk-00069-00023634-00023795": "And it worked great!", "12e440XpvKk-00070-00023795-00023965": "I m seriously pleased with the results.", "12e440XpvKk-00071-00023965-00024258": "I didn t think it would get anywhere near this good.", "12e440XpvKk-00072-00024258-00024706": "But I m not 100% happy with the spacing -- I didn t account for the width used up in the", "12e440XpvKk-00073-00024706-00025156": "tapering sides of the embossings, so the crests and troughs aren t evenly sized like they", "12e440XpvKk-00074-00025156-00025256": "should be.", "12e440XpvKk-00075-00025256-00025648": "I m debating if I should completely remake the upper and lower die set to fix this.", "12e440XpvKk-00076-00025648-00026045": "I like being a perfectionist, but I m not sure even I would notice the issue if I wasn", "12e440XpvKk-00077-00026045-00026226": "t looking at a blueprint.", "12e440XpvKk-00078-00026226-00026531": "But that will have to wait, because I ve started work on the new fabrication table.", "12e440XpvKk-00079-00026531-00026819": "That will be the subject of the next video, so catch you then!"}}, {"audio_id": "12JbfgLUdcy", "text": {"12JbfgLUdcy-00000-00000000-00000604": "Good morning, Hank, it's Tuesday. So every year at VidCon, I try to make pretty good choices...until Saturday evening,", "12JbfgLUdcy-00001-00000604-00001212": "when I traditionally celebrate the end of VidCon by participating in a YouTube show called 'Beer and Board Games'.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00002-00001212-00001626": "This year, there was a significant emphasis on the, uh, \"beer\" part of 'Beer and Board Games',", "12JbfgLUdcy-00003-00001626-00002054": "so full disclosure: I'm a little bit hazy on the details of how this all went down.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00004-00002116-00002686": "Semi-related story: I lost my video camera so I have no VidCon footage, which is also why we're stuck with the old camera this week.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00005-00002686-00003402": "But right, so after 'Beer and Board Games', I ran into 'Minute Physics' Henry and 'Smarter Every Day' Destin and 'CGP Grey'...Grey,", "12JbfgLUdcy-00006-00003402-00003884": "and somehow, we got to talking about Iceland. Hank, I am a huge fan of Iceland!", "12JbfgLUdcy-00007-00003884-00004502": "It just contains so many things I love: hot baths, an improbably excellent football team, Björk, etc.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00008-00004502-00005058": "There's really just the one problem with Iceland, which, y'know, is that it's located...in Iceland.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00009-00005062-00005762": "Like, Sarah and I visited Iceland in August of 2008 and we went on this bus tour, and our tour guide, reading from his script, said without any irony:", "12JbfgLUdcy-00010-00005772-00006472": "\"Iceland may have 'ice' in its name, but as you can see, the weather is quite mild here year-round. Perhaps we should switch names with Greenland. Ha ha.\".", "12JbfgLUdcy-00011-00006472-00006952": "And then we got that off the bus and that August afternoon it was perhaps half a degree above freezing.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00012-00006952-00007481": "And because of the howling winds, the rain (it was, of course, raining) appeared to be coming up from the ground,", "12JbfgLUdcy-00013-00007481-00008004": "which, for the record, was not green, it was brown, on account of it being recently dried lava.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00014-00008004-00008750": "So okay, the four of us discussed problem one - the \"Iceland being in Iceland\" problem - for a little bit, and then we pivoted to a seemingly unrelated problem,", "12JbfgLUdcy-00015-00008750-00009400": "which is that currently, there is no convenient midway point on the Atlantic side between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00016-00009400-00010022": "Like, on the Pacific side, you have Hawaii or if you're feeling adventurous, the Cook Islands, but on the Atlantic side, pretty much nothing.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00017-00010022-00010316": "Until, that is, we relocate Iceland!", "12JbfgLUdcy-00018-00010316-00011002": "Our proposal, Hank, is to move Iceland from *here*, where it is constantly raining and spewing lava to, say, *here*,", "12JbfgLUdcy-00019-00011002-00011290": "where it would be a lovely stopping point between continents.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00020-00011290-00011640": "Quick side note, Hank: I honestly think if we'd had a better-located Iceland in the first place,", "12JbfgLUdcy-00021-00011640-00012094": "humans probably would have had earlier and more robust trade between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia,", "12JbfgLUdcy-00022-00012094-00012716": "which in turn, might have mitigated some of the horrors of the Colombian Exchange, both on a human and a biodiversity level.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00023-00012716-00013226": "So, y'know, not to criticize plate tectonics or anything, but I think this could have been handled better from the beginning!", "12JbfgLUdcy-00024-00013226-00013652": "That said, the world is what it is, or at least it was until we learned to build islands.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00025-00013654-00014478": "Right, so we formed a coalition to create 'New Iceland', a nation with: 1. Great weather; 2. Björk; and 3. Apparently a better soccer team than England has.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00026-00014478-00014876": "Plus, 4: it's only a two-hour flight from New York, Madrid or Marrakesh.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00027-00014876-00015374": "Destin assigned Henry with the job of actually moving Iceland, which, y'know, I'm not a scientist but it can't be that hard.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00028-00015374-00015616": "I figure we just get a big tugboat or something and pull it south!", "12JbfgLUdcy-00029-00015616-00016224": "CGP Grey was given the job of designing a flag for New Iceland, Destin assigned himself something having to do with rockets,", "12JbfgLUdcy-00030-00016224-00016792": "and I was tasked with the political problem of getting the people of Iceland to agree to move their country, y'know,", "12JbfgLUdcy-00031-00016792-00017102": "about 3,000 miles South-southwest of its current location.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00032-00017102-00017390": "So here we go: people of Iceland! Hello.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00033-00017390-00017958": "You may have noticed that your nation is very cold and rainy in the winter, and then...very cold and rainy in the summer.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00034-00017958-00018602": "Also, remember in January when the sun rose at noon, or rather would have risen if it weren't perpetually overcast?", "12JbfgLUdcy-00035-00018602-00019388": "I'd like to solve those problems and give you beaches, warmth, sunshine and joy, all while allowing you to keep your Björk.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00036-00019388-00020108": "So whaddaya say, Iceland? I imagine you're gonna say \"no\"; that you like your country where it is despite its geographical shortcomings.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00037-00020114-00020854": "Maybe that says something about Icelanders or maybe it says something about change; that dangerous and beautiful force that drives and defines the universe.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00038-00020854-00021314": "Still, I'm hoping you'll say \"yes\", because I could really use a vacation in sunny New Iceland.", "12JbfgLUdcy-00039-00021314-00021654": "Hank, congratulations on a great VidCon. I'll see you on Friday."}}, {"audio_id": "12SfbfZazpA", "text": {"12SfbfZazpA-00000-00000000-00000852": "all right I see a bad little white girl you might run up on it real quick yo how you doing", "12SfbfZazpA-00001-00001008-00001386": "can I talk to you can we talk for a second come here", "12SfbfZazpA-00002-00001482-00002064": "I'm trying to talk to you I'm trying to talk to you because you look good and I just want to get", "12SfbfZazpA-00003-00002064-00002814": "to know you if possible I can't get to know you why you just did you're screaming at me no but", "12SfbfZazpA-00004-00002814-00003497": "I'm asking why though okay but I'm approaching you being confident but you look good I'm just trying", "12SfbfZazpA-00005-00003497-00004086": "to know if I could get your Snapchat or something and take you out maybe uh wherever you want to go", "12SfbfZazpA-00006-00004404-00004596": "you're not interested you got a boyfriend", "12SfbfZazpA-00007-00004866-00005544": "all right can I at least put my number in your phone before I go no all right", "12SfbfZazpA-00008-00005940-00006162": "okay then you can continue walking I'm sorry", "12SfbfZazpA-00009-00006162-00006492": "I interrupted you okay have a good one have a good walk", "12SfbfZazpA-00010-00007481-00007692": "huh yes", "12SfbfZazpA-00011-00007920-00008418": "no you just told me you didn't you just told me you didn't know me though", "12SfbfZazpA-00012-00008796-00009132": "okay come here for a sec can we talk right here before you get him", "12SfbfZazpA-00013-00009216-00009948": "you said what take a picture excuse me take a picture of me on your car okay go ahead", "12SfbfZazpA-00014-00010314-00010860": "you got it yeah but you I'm confused because you just like was weirded out and I apologize", "12SfbfZazpA-00015-00010992-00011754": "this car okay but I apologize for like you know doing that like um approaching you like", "12SfbfZazpA-00016-00011754-00012210": "that yeah that was weird okay but you still say you wasn't interested so I was gonna let", "12SfbfZazpA-00017-00012210-00012642": "you go yo can you finish talking to me bro like where are you going what are you doing", "12SfbfZazpA-00018-00012834-00013122": "like all right you want to get in all right come on we can we", "12SfbfZazpA-00019-00013122-00013458": "have a quick combo and then you can continue going where you were going", "12SfbfZazpA-00020-00013674-00014178": "that one all right so what you wanted to get in the car for because it's a", "12SfbfZazpA-00021-00014178-00014790": "nice [__] car okay but what I'm saying is you just told me you wasn't interested but", "12SfbfZazpA-00022-00014790-00015119": "I didn't know you had this car when I said that duh that's why I got in", "12SfbfZazpA-00023-00015288-00015888": "you know you hit you got that toxic guy [__] in my car that [__] is toxic", "12SfbfZazpA-00024-00016116-00016698": "you ain't even ask me so all right cool cool whatever but yo tell me more about", "12SfbfZazpA-00025-00016698-00017490": "you though tell me more about yourself um you know okay do my online sugar baby", "12SfbfZazpA-00026-00017628-00018282": "your sugar baby yeah so you get racks from that also you're not used so you used to this like you", "12SfbfZazpA-00027-00018282-00018924": "used to be preparing for yourself hell yeah but a lot of the people on there or like like I've", "12SfbfZazpA-00028-00018924-00019470": "never met someone young with a nice car like this is good ready I mean I like that this car", "12SfbfZazpA-00029-00019470-00020220": "is expensive yeah it's like seventy thousand dollars yeah it is but I mean still though I'm", "12SfbfZazpA-00030-00020220-00020634": "still confused because you just told me you wasn't interested in me he was being kind of", "12SfbfZazpA-00031-00020634-00021090": "rude out there and I apologize like I said for coming off yeah that was weird that was really", "12SfbfZazpA-00032-00021090-00021498": "nice I apologize for that but like at the end of the day though you still told me you wasn't", "12SfbfZazpA-00033-00021498-00021966": "interested in me and that you had to go home what are these buttons up here though do you want to", "12SfbfZazpA-00034-00021966-00022710": "close my windows yeah can I do that okay I'm just gonna make myself at home if that's okay we could", "12SfbfZazpA-00035-00022710-00023598": "yeah but I'm just I'm still just confused though why because you just told me that you had a man", "12SfbfZazpA-00036-00023676-00024144": "no I didn't I said I didn't have a boyfriend so no when I count you on the side of the street it's", "12SfbfZazpA-00037-00024144-00024552": "like I didn't I didn't know that you were success like you have to be successful to have this car", "12SfbfZazpA-00038-00024552-00025050": "and you're a young successful person I'm young I need someone else who's young and I want to bust", "12SfbfZazpA-00039-00025050-00025668": "down in this thing you want to bust down uh-huh what that mean what does that mean you know what", "12SfbfZazpA-00040-00025668-00026645": "tell me I wanted you to tell me what it is you woke bro hell yeah I thought you just talking um", "12SfbfZazpA-00041-00026748-00027636": "but a lot of the guys on my sugar baby apps you heard something I said shakes on oh", "12SfbfZazpA-00042-00027900-00028554": "if you say you saying all of that you're saying you're gonna pop whatever for the Hellcat we", "12SfbfZazpA-00043-00028554-00029670": "can show you show me oh yeah that's what I can I can you can get that because I don't what I need", "12SfbfZazpA-00044-00029670-00030324": "someone who's young and can support me pretty I mean I respect that I got I could respect that", "12SfbfZazpA-00045-00030324-00031224": "right but at the same time I need you to realize that you know it's not all about money I feel like", "12SfbfZazpA-00046-00031410-00031698": "it's not all of them maybe that's just my sugar baby mindset", "12SfbfZazpA-00047-00031854-00032118": "you don't want somebody that's going to treat you right you just want the money", "12SfbfZazpA-00048-00032856-00033186": "well we're about to drop down my car like where are we going", "12SfbfZazpA-00049-00033426-00033900": "oh you really just blew that in my face too that's crazy where are we going though bro", "12SfbfZazpA-00050-00033960-00034842": "um to like Toronto or something do I try to why not because that's like a h", "12SfbfZazpA-00051-00035232-00035634": "what's wrong with Wendy's cheap as [__] you don't want to go to Wendy's", "12SfbfZazpA-00052-00035748-00036516": "so we have to go to Charter um or somewhere else expensive why does it have to be expensive but if", "12SfbfZazpA-00053-00036516-00036936": "it's good it's good though when these food isn't good though because it's not made expensively", "12SfbfZazpA-00054-00037614-00038286": "I'm trying to say ah but if you're not dropping a bag on me I don't [__] want", "12SfbfZazpA-00055-00038286-00038826": "it except if I'm not what dropping a bag on me you said if I'm not what dropping a bag on me", "12SfbfZazpA-00056-00038952-00039672": "can I have all this what do you mean can you have it it's mine mine now I mean I could", "12SfbfZazpA-00057-00039672-00040086": "spin it that's what I get for that's what I get for talking to you for this [__] long", "12SfbfZazpA-00058-00040266-00040578": "so you gotta just take it I mean I'll spend it on you", "12SfbfZazpA-00059-00040854-00041544": "two hey yo I need you to relax I you said drop a bag on y'all drop the bag I showed", "12SfbfZazpA-00060-00041544-00042000": "you I got the bag but the thing is what can you do for the bag and don't even say no weak", "12SfbfZazpA-00061-00042000-00042450": "[__] like pop my [__] for the Hellcat I don't want to hear it you already said that", "12SfbfZazpA-00062-00042450-00042954": "like tell me what you could do what can you offer a man like nothing you can't offer me", "12SfbfZazpA-00063-00042954-00043470": "anything I I'm pretty okay I mean it's nice to look at a lot of girls are pretty though", "12SfbfZazpA-00064-00043968-00044400": "there's enough guys with money to fix all the girls that are pretty and don't", "12SfbfZazpA-00065-00044400-00044760": "want to do anything okay so then why are you here with me because you have money", "12SfbfZazpA-00066-00045012-00045072": "all right", "12SfbfZazpA-00067-00045558-00045768": "I don't understand I just feel like", "12SfbfZazpA-00068-00045978-00047130": "you don't care about me you just care about this yeah is that bad like that wait", "12SfbfZazpA-00069-00047298-00047910": "I think you need to change your mindset about your life should literally be about spoiling a pretty", "12SfbfZazpA-00070-00047910-00048840": "girl why should that be my life because that's men's only purpose how that's just how how it is", "12SfbfZazpA-00071-00049296-00049452": "are you being serious huh", "12SfbfZazpA-00072-00049692-00049824": "my girl calling me", "12SfbfZazpA-00073-00050502-00051036": "you might not you ain't you didn't even ask me anything you don't even know my name what's my", "12SfbfZazpA-00074-00051036-00051954": "name um are do you care to know if you slide me like 2K can you ask me what my name is though", "12SfbfZazpA-00075-00052044-00052734": "what's your name Thomas what is your name I didn't even get it Brittany Brittany yeah", "12SfbfZazpA-00076-00052914-00053310": "are you telling me the truth so Brittany what are we about to do", "12SfbfZazpA-00077-00053417-00053694": "it's going to a nice [__] restaurant like black and low", "12SfbfZazpA-00078-00054036-00054498": "what are you gonna order though that's what this is how I feel you're a gold digger", "12SfbfZazpA-00079-00054744-00055704": "you're a gold digger ask me why because why because you literally told me that you weren't", "12SfbfZazpA-00080-00055704-00056298": "interested in me until you seen my car yeah I don't give a [__] okay I did wait can I tell", "12SfbfZazpA-00081-00056298-00056898": "you it did but like what is the reason behind what you do you do though I'm really confused", "12SfbfZazpA-00082-00056982-00057605": "money I'm Money Motivated you're Money Motivated only you don't care about me as", "12SfbfZazpA-00083-00057605-00057936": "a person have you ever dated somebody because you actually loved them no", "12SfbfZazpA-00084-00058176-00058782": "I wanted money I have a lot of money as you can see a lot of it and I have more this is", "12SfbfZazpA-00085-00058782-00059400": "just shopping money we can go shopping if you want just playing you're a gold digger you're literally", "12SfbfZazpA-00086-00059400-00059976": "a goat [__] you [__] oh my God is your eye okay yo you just smacked me oh my God yo get out", "12SfbfZazpA-00087-00059976-00060498": "my car bro yo get out of my car before I really get serious yo this is a prank too this is a prank", "12SfbfZazpA-00088-00060498-00060912": "and you just smack you know get out my car for I actually caught a cop store real [__] get out", "12SfbfZazpA-00089-00060912-00061446": "of my car get out of my favorite numbers no get on my card bro get on my car before I call the cops", "12SfbfZazpA-00090-00061446-00061914": "on you real [__] you just put it get out of my car get out of my car get out of my car okay", "12SfbfZazpA-00091-00062076-00062940": "and take this hide too here go get out my car wow y'all she just literally smacked me in my face yo", "12SfbfZazpA-00092-00062940-00063840": "that hurt it's good though Graham that hurt but y'all exposing gold diggers all 2022 this [__]", "12SfbfZazpA-00093-00063840-00064254": "is crazy get it back in and I'm gonna go follow the report on that because that's ridiculous"}}, {"audio_id": "130L4STPVCA", "text": {"130L4STPVCA-00000-00000559-00000756": "Oh sorry, at Mr. Samuel French.", "130L4STPVCA-00001-00000782-00001173": "On Monday, because of Identity Week, we are switching from Mr. Samuel French", "130L4STPVCA-00002-00001173-00001427": "to just Samuel French NYC.", "130L4STPVCA-00003-00001534-00001843": "One final thing, especially for you guys in the front if you want", "130L4STPVCA-00004-00001843-00002139": "to do live tweeting, you should use the WiFi so get your phones out", "130L4STPVCA-00005-00002139-00002253": "if you want to do it.", "130L4STPVCA-00006-00002253-00002599": "It's VT2 is the network and <i>vineyard</i> all lower case", "130L4STPVCA-00007-00002599-00002753": "is the password.", "130L4STPVCA-00008-00002790-00003122": "And with that, I don't think  I have anything else to say", "130L4STPVCA-00009-00003122-00003317": "because you guys want to hear them speak.", "130L4STPVCA-00010-00003317-00003541": "Christian Parker is  our wonderful moderator.", "130L4STPVCA-00011-00003541-00003823": "He's the chair of the MFA Theatre Program at Columbia.", "130L4STPVCA-00012-00003823-00003986": "He's a director, a dramaturg,", "130L4STPVCA-00013-00003986-00004252": "and we used to actually work  at Atlantic Theatre Company together,", "130L4STPVCA-00014-00004252-00004417": "so we're thrilled to be back with him.", "130L4STPVCA-00015-00004417-00004582": "So I'm going to hand it over to you guys.", "130L4STPVCA-00016-00004582-00004858": "Thank you so much for being here and have a blast!", "130L4STPVCA-00017-00004858-00005087": "(applause)", "130L4STPVCA-00018-00005352-00005700": "Thank you, Courtney. I'm really happy to be here today", "130L4STPVCA-00019-00005700-00005855": "moderating this panel.", "130L4STPVCA-00020-00005855-00006220": "I do a lot of things like this and I have to say I was especially daunted", "130L4STPVCA-00021-00006220-00006703": "by the range of accomplishments of this group of people,", "130L4STPVCA-00022-00006703-00007193": "most of whom I had not met before but have admired for a long time,", "130L4STPVCA-00023-00007193-00007649": "and I think as I was actually walking over here, I was trying to tally it up", "130L4STPVCA-00024-00007649-00008102": "and I thought actually I have taught all of your work or, in fact, with Anne,", "130L4STPVCA-00025-00008102-00008231": "I have taught with Anne.", "130L4STPVCA-00026-00008231-00008565": "But I have taught all of your work in some way in my classes,", "130L4STPVCA-00027-00008565-00008771": "not to mention having admired it for so long.", "130L4STPVCA-00028-00008771-00009210": "So it's really amazing for me to also  be able to talk to all of you today.", "130L4STPVCA-00029-00009210-00009614": "Obviously, the theme of this week is called Identity Week,", "130L4STPVCA-00030-00009614-00009846": "and this panel when presented to me--", "130L4STPVCA-00031-00010096-00010451": "when Courtney and Ryan came to me and asked me to moderate,", "130L4STPVCA-00032-00010451-00010736": "they said this is a pioneer panel.", "130L4STPVCA-00033-00010736-00011234": "These are all pioneers in the field, and so that's sort of the unifying idea", "130L4STPVCA-00034-00011234-00011488": "of this particular evening.", "130L4STPVCA-00035-00011488-00011840": "I thought, well,  what an interesting moniker", "130L4STPVCA-00036-00011840-00012186": "to be saddled with as an artist actually.", "130L4STPVCA-00037-00012339-00012754": "Because I'm not sure what-- my first question I think to the panel", "130L4STPVCA-00038-00012754-00013046": "and to myself when I heard that would be, what does it mean to be saddled", "130L4STPVCA-00039-00013046-00013198": "with the moniker pioneer?", "130L4STPVCA-00040-00013198-00013715": "When you think about any of your careers and you look back, and someone tells you", "130L4STPVCA-00041-00013715-00013945": "you're a pioneer; you're on a pioneer panel,", "130L4STPVCA-00042-00014079-00014457": "what did you pioneer-- when you think over your own work,", "130L4STPVCA-00043-00014457-00014813": "what would you like to think of  as having pioneered?", "130L4STPVCA-00044-00014901-00015127": "Or not? (chuckles)  What does that mean to you?", "130L4STPVCA-00045-00015127-00015251": "That term?", "130L4STPVCA-00046-00015361-00015691": "Any of you have something spring to mind?", "130L4STPVCA-00047-00015765-00016062": "(Anne) Larry, you're the biggest pioneer.", "130L4STPVCA-00048-00016129-00016274": "(laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00049-00016379-00016493": "Come on.", "130L4STPVCA-00050-00016493-00016769": "(laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00051-00016877-00017080": "I don't think that way.", "130L4STPVCA-00052-00017593-00017898": "What are you writing about? What's meaningful to you?", "130L4STPVCA-00053-00017955-00018241": "How do you get it out there day at a time?", "130L4STPVCA-00054-00018534-00019365": "It's all hard, and I think", "130L4STPVCA-00055-00019702-00019981": "I don't know; I never thought  of myself as a pioneer.", "130L4STPVCA-00056-00019981-00020394": "I don't think in many ways I've succeeded", "130L4STPVCA-00057-00020394-00020807": "because the things I've fought for  are still such a fucking mess,", "130L4STPVCA-00058-00020807-00021477": "so that's what happens  when you get old and you look back", "130L4STPVCA-00059-00021477-00021807": "and you say, \"Okay,", "130L4STPVCA-00060-00021949-00022201": "what did you accomplish?\" So...", "130L4STPVCA-00061-00022201-00022810": "I met you tonight for the first time, and I've admired you for so many years,", "130L4STPVCA-00062-00022961-00023453": "but your reputation is being orneryб and I think that maybe", "130L4STPVCA-00063-00023453-00023945": "you're a pioneer of the ornery. (laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00064-00024010-00024379": "I think everybody says you bristle at everything.", "130L4STPVCA-00065-00024536-00024681": "I'm angry. I don't know about ornery.", "130L4STPVCA-00066-00024791-00025172": "I think anger is a very healthy emotion.", "130L4STPVCA-00067-00025331-00025931": "It's never taught that way, but I think it's a very valuable emotion", "130L4STPVCA-00068-00025931-00026539": "to have to nurture and to learn how to express,", "130L4STPVCA-00069-00026539-00027257": "and, fortunately, we all have  here the ability to take words", "130L4STPVCA-00070-00027257-00027477": "and pictures, and images,", "130L4STPVCA-00071-00027477-00028051": "and channel our, whatever,", "130L4STPVCA-00072-00028051-00028479": "in my case anger, into actuality.", "130L4STPVCA-00073-00028555-00028993": "(Ntozake) I think pioneer is something  other people call us.", "130L4STPVCA-00074-00029025-00029169": "(Larry laughs)", "130L4STPVCA-00075-00029169-00029355": "That's sort of why I raised the question.", "130L4STPVCA-00076-00029355-00029737": "I don't think we think  of ourselves as pioneers.", "130L4STPVCA-00077-00030080-00030562": "I think Larry was right when he says you write what you write", "130L4STPVCA-00078-00030562-00031073": "and you do what you do day by day and you put it out there", "130L4STPVCA-00079-00031073-00031898": "the best you can, and that's what I have to say.", "130L4STPVCA-00080-00031986-00032177": "(Christian) It makes sense to me.", "130L4STPVCA-00081-00032266-00032962": "I was on a panel once with Molly Smith", "130L4STPVCA-00082-00033029-00033421": "and Tina, not Tina Howe,", "130L4STPVCA-00083-00033421-00033835": "Tina, Shakespearian Company... Tina Packer,", "130L4STPVCA-00084-00033835-00034544": "and I realized that all three of us", "130L4STPVCA-00085-00034544-00034844": "had actually come to the front door", "130L4STPVCA-00086-00034844-00035012": "through the back door.", "130L4STPVCA-00087-00035062-00035615": "In other words, Tina Packer had been working with the RSC,", "130L4STPVCA-00088-00035615-00035964": "but it was a boy's club, so she went to Western Massachusetts", "130L4STPVCA-00089-00035964-00036204": "and started a very successful company.", "130L4STPVCA-00090-00036204-00036717": "Molly studied in D.C. directing and went to Juneau, Alaska,", "130L4STPVCA-00091-00036717-00037046": "where there was no theater  and walked the streets and said,", "130L4STPVCA-00092-00037046-00037376": "\"Who wants to start a theater?\" and created a fantastic theater company", "130L4STPVCA-00093-00037376-00037585": "that was actually about Alaskans.", "130L4STPVCA-00094-00037671-00038094": "My own way was that I couldn't possibly see a way into the field", "130L4STPVCA-00095-00038094-00038248": "through the front door.", "130L4STPVCA-00096-00038248-00038577": "In my mind it was like  the corporate ladder for boys.", "130L4STPVCA-00097-00038595-00039099": "And so, I also went through the back door and made theater on the streets", "130L4STPVCA-00098-00039099-00039792": "and in shop windows and we would call that back door downtown,", "130L4STPVCA-00099-00039792-00040345": "and in a way, all three of us on that particular panel I was on", "130L4STPVCA-00100-00040498-00041132": "have good lives doing things that we actually believe in in the theater", "130L4STPVCA-00101-00041132-00041363": "because we didn't go the front way,", "130L4STPVCA-00102-00041363-00041600": "and that seems a little bit pioneering.", "130L4STPVCA-00103-00041600-00041766": "Like what is a pioneer?", "130L4STPVCA-00104-00041766-00042262": "Somebody goes across the country and there's a lot of bears and lions", "130L4STPVCA-00105-00042262-00042595": "and things like that. (laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00106-00042595-00042787": "Dangerous.", "130L4STPVCA-00107-00042943-00043121": "Maybe that's helpful.", "130L4STPVCA-00108-00043189-00043716": "Like quite often the front door is not available to many of us.", "130L4STPVCA-00109-00043771-00044590": "So I think then you take  the really beautiful elixir of anger", "130L4STPVCA-00110-00044718-00045156": "and use it to create and move forward because good feelings", "130L4STPVCA-00111-00045156-00045625": "doesn't give you the particular energy  or fuel that you need,", "130L4STPVCA-00112-00045625-00045803": "but quite often anger,", "130L4STPVCA-00113-00045803-00046123": "and doing your work no matter what", "130L4STPVCA-00114-00046123-00046746": "in a way that says \"fuck you\" to everybody else.", "130L4STPVCA-00115-00046746-00047056": "We're just going to actually do what we need to do,", "130L4STPVCA-00116-00047056-00047488": "and that's not usually  accepted right away and...", "130L4STPVCA-00117-00047579-00048044": "Well, one of the things that I think is crucial is a lot of times", "130L4STPVCA-00118-00048044-00048228": "people saying \"no\" to you,", "130L4STPVCA-00119-00048234-00048683": "people saying \"no\" to you culturally  or racially, or identity-wise", "130L4STPVCA-00120-00048683-00049096": "puts you on a journey where  you say \"yes\" to yourself,", "130L4STPVCA-00121-00049096-00049448": "and saying \"yes\" to yourself is the work you create.", "130L4STPVCA-00122-00049533-00049861": "So you get all these no's.", "130L4STPVCA-00123-00049861-00050051": "You get personal no's.", "130L4STPVCA-00124-00050051-00050211": "You get structural no's.", "130L4STPVCA-00125-00050211-00050354": "You get institutional no's.", "130L4STPVCA-00126-00050354-00050786": "A lot of people tell you no, and you can either let those no's", "130L4STPVCA-00127-00050786-00051398": "define you or you can figure out  another way to empower yourself,", "130L4STPVCA-00128-00051398-00051721": "and I think telling stories or telling your story", "130L4STPVCA-00129-00051721-00051853": "is how you empower yourself,", "130L4STPVCA-00130-00051853-00052089": "which is another way of saying through the back door.", "130L4STPVCA-00131-00052089-00052333": "(Larry) Real important lesson.", "130L4STPVCA-00132-00052360-00052973": "I didn't write a play for one year  after Clive Barnes", "130L4STPVCA-00133-00052973-00053283": "and <i>The New York Times</i> panned  my first play", "130L4STPVCA-00134-00053283-00053510": "and closed on opening night.", "130L4STPVCA-00135-00053551-00053938": "He had that much power over me, and it took me a long time", "130L4STPVCA-00136-00053938-00054091": "to get over it.", "130L4STPVCA-00137-00054091-00054297": "What a waste of a year!", "130L4STPVCA-00138-00054501-00054682": "But you gave him that power.", "130L4STPVCA-00139-00054682-00054896": "You gave him that power.", "130L4STPVCA-00140-00054896-00055270": "We all give people the power and we get over it", "130L4STPVCA-00141-00055270-00055483": "and we go to hell with that, that's boring.", "130L4STPVCA-00142-00055483-00055681": "I've suffered enough.", "130L4STPVCA-00143-00055704-00056131": "I've suffered enough, and then,  when you reclaim your power,", "130L4STPVCA-00144-00056131-00056368": "that's when you tell your story,  and you did.", "130L4STPVCA-00145-00056400-00056786": "But, George, I remember the first time I ever met you was at the <i>Public</i>,", "130L4STPVCA-00146-00056786-00057021": "and you were doing <i>The Colored Museum</i>,", "130L4STPVCA-00147-00057021-00057250": "and I remember  having a conversation with you--", "130L4STPVCA-00148-00057250-00057694": "I don't know if you remember it-- and it was something about anger too.", "130L4STPVCA-00149-00057767-00058166": "Anger's my most evolved emotion, so... (laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00150-00058227-00058586": "It was something about you slid in, but I don't remember", "130L4STPVCA-00151-00058586-00058942": "what were the circumstances because something was happening then.", "130L4STPVCA-00152-00058942-00059530": "I have no idea, but on a very simple idiotic level,", "130L4STPVCA-00153-00059530-00059946": "the first six years of my life  I grew up in a segregated town,", "130L4STPVCA-00154-00059946-00060352": "so there was a whole structure  that said \"no\",", "130L4STPVCA-00155-00060352-00061110": "and I went to this black grade school where I was empowered", "130L4STPVCA-00156-00061110-00061379": "and told that I was magical  and smart, and amazing,", "130L4STPVCA-00157-00061379-00061659": "so on one level, as everybody was there.", "130L4STPVCA-00158-00061659-00061847": "So on one level,  people were telling me I'm magical,", "130L4STPVCA-00159-00061847-00062104": "and there are these structures  that tell me \"no\"", "130L4STPVCA-00160-00062104-00062448": "and somehow the tension between those two things", "130L4STPVCA-00161-00062448-00062779": "I think helps to create-- it's why you create the stories I think.", "130L4STPVCA-00162-00062779-00062888": "I don't know.", "130L4STPVCA-00163-00062914-00063253": "Joi, we were talking earlier just a little bit about how your job", "130L4STPVCA-00164-00063253-00063608": "differs a little bit from all these guys and one of the things you have to tackle", "130L4STPVCA-00165-00063608-00063868": "relative to this question  about pioneering", "130L4STPVCA-00166-00063868-00064074": "and what that could  possibly mean to an individual", "130L4STPVCA-00167-00064074-00064223": "is that you are responsible", "130L4STPVCA-00168-00064223-00064870": "for not only preserving the integrity  of the estate of someone", "130L4STPVCA-00169-00064870-00065245": "who has been labeled a pioneer  but also curating", "130L4STPVCA-00170-00065245-00065624": "how that body of work is actually received", "130L4STPVCA-00171-00065624-00066041": "and contextualized, and defined, and redefined in the world now", "130L4STPVCA-00172-00066041-00066366": "for somebody whose point of view on her own work differs often", "130L4STPVCA-00173-00066366-00066664": "from the way that people tend to define it.", "130L4STPVCA-00174-00066685-00067164": "Can you talk a little bit  about your role in that?", "130L4STPVCA-00175-00067404-00067695": "Yeah, I'll try to harness it a little.", "130L4STPVCA-00176-00067695-00068019": "I could talk to a lot of those pieces.", "130L4STPVCA-00177-00068135-00068702": "Yeah, so I'm the literary executor  of the estate of Lorraine Hansberry.", "130L4STPVCA-00178-00068765-00069232": "And I have to say a little bit about how I came to have that job.", "130L4STPVCA-00179-00069255-00069743": "My father Robert Nemiroff  was married to Lorraine Hansberry", "130L4STPVCA-00180-00069743-00070116": "and was named her literary executor  when she died.", "130L4STPVCA-00181-00070215-00070834": "And so, he married my mother  when I was a child", "130L4STPVCA-00182-00070834-00071422": "and I came to live in Lorraine's home in Croton-on-Hudson, New York.", "130L4STPVCA-00183-00071422-00071870": "And it was a house that was filled  with her spirit and her work,", "130L4STPVCA-00184-00071870-00072416": "and her file cabinets, and everything that she was working on.", "130L4STPVCA-00185-00072447-00072770": "But mostly, it was filled with her spirit.", "130L4STPVCA-00186-00072792-00073098": "And I remember she was my muse.", "130L4STPVCA-00187-00073098-00073757": "She still is, and I was very deeply  influenced by her.", "130L4STPVCA-00188-00073757-00074275": "I am very deeply influenced by her and her visitation on me.", "130L4STPVCA-00189-00074328-00074946": "But I was also deeply influenced  by my father who was a master curator,", "130L4STPVCA-00190-00075047-00075417": "and I had all kinds of skills as a kid.", "130L4STPVCA-00191-00075417-00075884": "I have all kids of skills as an adult, but I wanted to do what he does.", "130L4STPVCA-00192-00076034-00076327": "Never choosing to do it.", "130L4STPVCA-00193-00076416-00076640": "It just sort of happened to me-- that's another story", "130L4STPVCA-00194-00076640-00077019": "how I came to do what I'm doing now, but anyway,", "130L4STPVCA-00195-00077400-00078033": "taking on that responsibility  was and is an act of love and commitment.", "130L4STPVCA-00196-00078072-00079267": "And so it's also an act of stewardship, and protecting,", "130L4STPVCA-00197-00079306-00079775": "and protecting  in a maternal female sense.", "130L4STPVCA-00198-00080119-00080853": "So to me it's something  that I think about all the time", "130L4STPVCA-00199-00081026-00081749": "as something that you have to be very careful of how you go about", "130L4STPVCA-00200-00081749-00082001": "doing that responsibility.", "130L4STPVCA-00201-00082428-00082854": "But I want to come back to something  that Ntozake said before", "130L4STPVCA-00202-00082874-00083353": "because I think especially  with Lorraine--", "130L4STPVCA-00203-00083353-00083756": "Lorraine's thought of-- she's not usually thought of as a pioneer,", "130L4STPVCA-00204-00083756-00083987": "but she's thought of  as kind of a matriarch.", "130L4STPVCA-00205-00084051-00084198": "She's the mother.", "130L4STPVCA-00206-00084331-00084823": "So, that has always been  very strange to me.", "130L4STPVCA-00207-00084852-00085043": "It's very strange and awkward for me.", "130L4STPVCA-00208-00085043-00085402": "because to me she's  sort of like the eternal kid.", "130L4STPVCA-00209-00085454-00085692": "She was youthful; she's still youthful;", "130L4STPVCA-00210-00085692-00085855": "she'll always be youthful.", "130L4STPVCA-00211-00085855-00086391": "Her voice was about being in her twenties, being on the verge of her life,", "130L4STPVCA-00212-00086391-00086955": "taking off, being a radical, being a runaway,", "130L4STPVCA-00213-00086955-00087551": "being... on fire.", "130L4STPVCA-00214-00087628-00087877": "And that's how I think of her,", "130L4STPVCA-00215-00087877-00088218": "and I think that's really  what her plays are about.", "130L4STPVCA-00216-00088242-00088532": "But part of what we were talking about, which is something I talk about", "130L4STPVCA-00217-00088532-00088993": "all the time with people is the stories that I love to tell", "130L4STPVCA-00218-00088993-00089465": "that I are find are most fascinating about Lorraine's relationship", "130L4STPVCA-00219-00089465-00090010": "to this albatross around her neck which is <i>A Raisin in the Sun</i>,", "130L4STPVCA-00220-00090059-00090662": "which was a play that was  sort of an assignment for her.", "130L4STPVCA-00221-00090695-00090927": "It was the first play that she wrote.", "130L4STPVCA-00222-00091295-00091525": "You all know what it came to be.", "130L4STPVCA-00223-00091660-00092044": "But she thought the play was flawed.", "130L4STPVCA-00224-00092044-00092649": "She thought it was her first try, and she was in this impossible situation", "130L4STPVCA-00225-00092649-00092962": "where it had all this attention and it had all this acclaim.", "130L4STPVCA-00226-00092984-00093497": "It had all this investment  and I don't just mean the financial.", "130L4STPVCA-00227-00093497-00093724": "I mean the psychological; I mean the psychic;", "130L4STPVCA-00228-00093724-00093974": "I mean the racial, the everything.", "130L4STPVCA-00229-00093974-00094545": "It had to be all of these things, and she was the first person", "130L4STPVCA-00230-00094545-00095131": "to get in line to critique that, to talk about that, to interrogate it,", "130L4STPVCA-00231-00095131-00095292": "take it apart.", "130L4STPVCA-00232-00095475-00096252": "So I think a big part of what I take on", "130L4STPVCA-00233-00096252-00096722": "because that speaks to me as an artist.", "130L4STPVCA-00234-00096722-00097226": "It speaks to me as a culture maker--", "130L4STPVCA-00235-00097255-00097902": "that there's something very important about that critical role of art", "130L4STPVCA-00236-00097902-00098699": "and of artist to interrogate  themselves and their work,", "130L4STPVCA-00237-00098699-00099463": "and their aspirations, and to see our work as attempts,", "130L4STPVCA-00238-00099593-00100189": "not as masterpieces or commodities, or products but as sketches,", "130L4STPVCA-00239-00100258-00100465": "which is what I love about visual art.", "130L4STPVCA-00240-00100465-00100836": "That whole idea  of I'm going to paint this today.", "130L4STPVCA-00241-00100836-00101142": "(chuckles) I'm going to try it today.", "130L4STPVCA-00242-00101171-00101523": "I'm going to see how-- and I'm going to have the courage", "130L4STPVCA-00243-00101523-00102031": "and the nerve to hate it tomorrow or tear it up, or...", "130L4STPVCA-00244-00102173-00102593": "I wonder what happens when you  add that energy to the context", "130L4STPVCA-00245-00102593-00102828": "that we are in right now which is a very angry time", "130L4STPVCA-00246-00102828-00103124": "to pick up on your idea about your thoughts about anger", "130L4STPVCA-00247-00103124-00103258": "and what you were saying, Anne.", "130L4STPVCA-00248-00103274-00103692": "We're in a what I would describe as a very angry moment", "130L4STPVCA-00249-00103692-00103895": "in our cultural history.", "130L4STPVCA-00250-00103993-00104495": "And it exists in different pockets of the population in different ways, but--", "130L4STPVCA-00251-00104495-00104911": "Let's talk about why the theater isn't really attending to it.", "130L4STPVCA-00252-00104911-00105190": "Well, and that was my question which is where does that leave you guys", "130L4STPVCA-00253-00105190-00105574": "as artists or where does that leave the theater as a possible way", "130L4STPVCA-00254-00105574-00105934": "to filter, speak to that?", "130L4STPVCA-00255-00105934-00106246": "What are your thoughts on that, Larry?", "130L4STPVCA-00256-00106637-00107305": "I don't like most of the things that I see or read about now, I think.", "130L4STPVCA-00257-00107446-00107738": "I'm talking about white writers.", "130L4STPVCA-00258-00107771-00108405": "I'm not talking about people of color who seem to be having a good moment", "130L4STPVCA-00259-00108405-00108817": "being more front and center  than they have been.", "130L4STPVCA-00260-00108919-00109114": "But I think that....", "130L4STPVCA-00261-00109713-00110600": "everything that most of us are asked  to see is what I call small.", "130L4STPVCA-00262-00110738-00110974": "And there's no...", "130L4STPVCA-00263-00111263-00112268": "Burt Laurel, the famous comedian, was asked to describe what theater was", "130L4STPVCA-00264-00112268-00112569": "and he said, \"Astonish me!\"", "130L4STPVCA-00265-00112777-00112957": "And I don't see that.", "130L4STPVCA-00266-00113002-00113516": "I just see a lot of small plays about people in unhappy situations", "130L4STPVCA-00267-00113516-00113851": "with their husbands,  with their wives, whatever,", "130L4STPVCA-00268-00113930-00114687": "and I don't come away with it having learned anything I didn't know", "130L4STPVCA-00269-00114792-00115018": "or challenged in any way.", "130L4STPVCA-00270-00115345-00115584": "It's a terrible place, the world.", "130L4STPVCA-00271-00115798-00116192": "Where are our Greek tragedian... trag...", "130L4STPVCA-00272-00116192-00116423": "tragedy writers?  (laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00273-00116729-00117017": "I don't see them and I don't hear them.", "130L4STPVCA-00274-00117116-00117419": "I go to see the things  that people say I'm supposed to see,", "130L4STPVCA-00275-00117419-00117903": "and I've actually stopped that.", "130L4STPVCA-00276-00117984-00118416": "And they win the Pulitzer; they win the Nobel, whatever,", "130L4STPVCA-00277-00118416-00118565": "the Tonys.", "130L4STPVCA-00278-00118677-00119216": "So I don't know what hope the theater has", "130L4STPVCA-00279-00119216-00119827": "for changing the world the way  that maybe it did for the Greeks,", "130L4STPVCA-00280-00119827-00119957": "I don't know.", "130L4STPVCA-00281-00120007-00120516": "I think the theater is probably  the most important art form right now", "130L4STPVCA-00282-00120516-00120892": "that possibly exists, and I'll tell you why,", "130L4STPVCA-00283-00120892-00121244": "because the subject of the theater  and what distinguishes it", "130L4STPVCA-00284-00121244-00121617": "from any other art form is it always asks the question,", "130L4STPVCA-00285-00121617-00122156": "\"How are we getting along and how can we get along better?\"", "130L4STPVCA-00286-00122202-00122564": "And if you think of any play, and I think the reason", "130L4STPVCA-00287-00122564-00122888": "why plays are about you and me  in our apartment and our problems", "130L4STPVCA-00288-00122888-00123371": "has to do with the political movement  between 1948 and 1952", "130L4STPVCA-00289-00123371-00123628": "called the McCarthy era-- that's a whole another subject.", "130L4STPVCA-00290-00123628-00123889": "But I think it's coming out of there.", "130L4STPVCA-00291-00123889-00124215": "There are plays that are actually dealing  with bigger subjects,", "130L4STPVCA-00292-00124215-00124779": "and I think that it's no coincidence  that abstract expressionism", "130L4STPVCA-00293-00124779-00125042": "was born in the same time  as the McCarthy era.", "130L4STPVCA-00294-00125042-00125166": "What does that mean?", "130L4STPVCA-00295-00125166-00125408": "Abstract expressionism means  it's abstracted.", "130L4STPVCA-00296-00125411-00125676": "But I do think there is a movement towards theater", "130L4STPVCA-00297-00125676-00125849": "that addresses bigger issues.", "130L4STPVCA-00298-00125849-00126207": "But going back to the issue of how are we getting along?", "130L4STPVCA-00299-00126424-00126671": "We see plays in two ways.", "130L4STPVCA-00300-00126671-00127077": "One, you see a play  and you see it in the prefrontal cortex", "130L4STPVCA-00301-00127077-00127367": "of your brain where you go, \"Oh, it's a story about...\"", "130L4STPVCA-00302-00127367-00127563": "let's pick up the Greeks.", "130L4STPVCA-00303-00127563-00127809": "It's a story about a man who sleeps with his mother", "130L4STPVCA-00304-00127809-00128219": "and kills his father and the whole Thebes is really screwed up,", "130L4STPVCA-00305-00128244-00128612": "and it's a story of a community that's trying to come", "130L4STPVCA-00306-00128612-00128930": "to a state of balance  from a state of imbalance in a crime.", "130L4STPVCA-00307-00128972-00129111": "So that's great.", "130L4STPVCA-00308-00129111-00129338": "That's about that social system.", "130L4STPVCA-00309-00129338-00129619": "But there's a whole other play that's going on in the theater", "130L4STPVCA-00310-00129619-00129902": "at the same time, and it's not happening in film.", "130L4STPVCA-00311-00129902-00130248": "It's happening in the theater, where the audience gets it", "130L4STPVCA-00312-00130248-00130653": "on an older part of the brain where you're actually seeing", "130L4STPVCA-00313-00130653-00130903": "how these people on stage  are getting along.", "130L4STPVCA-00314-00130952-00131414": "Like have you ever gone to a play and an actor drops a glass", "130L4STPVCA-00315-00131414-00131595": "and it breaks and everybody doesn't know what to do.", "130L4STPVCA-00316-00131595-00131846": "(Larry) If I don't care about  what they care about,", "130L4STPVCA-00317-00131846-00132064": "I don't care how they get along.", "130L4STPVCA-00318-00132106-00132733": "On a subconscious level or a different place", "130L4STPVCA-00319-00132733-00133233": "the audience goes away taking in who these people are on stage", "130L4STPVCA-00320-00133233-00133378": "and how they're getting along,", "130L4STPVCA-00321-00133378-00133714": "but not only that, how is the audience getting along, how are the actors", "130L4STPVCA-00322-00133714-00133883": "getting along with the audience,", "130L4STPVCA-00323-00133883-00134067": "but every question is about that.", "130L4STPVCA-00324-00134067-00134279": "When I saw <i>Shuffle Along</i>-- I think George is tired", "130L4STPVCA-00325-00134279-00134553": "of me telling him how much I loved <i>Shuffle Along</i>,", "130L4STPVCA-00326-00134553-00134828": "but one of the reasons was that-- (laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00327-00134955-00135285": "it dealt with history, it dealt with stories", "130L4STPVCA-00328-00135285-00135627": "of particular people  and their problems, and their issues,", "130L4STPVCA-00329-00135627-00136039": "but also the community on the stage  was mind blowing,", "130L4STPVCA-00330-00136039-00136404": "like how those people were together", "130L4STPVCA-00331-00136404-00136731": "made me want to actually live differently", "130L4STPVCA-00332-00136731-00136893": "with other people I live with.", "130L4STPVCA-00333-00136893-00137202": "So I think our job is to propose  new social systems.", "130L4STPVCA-00334-00137202-00137438": "Right now we're living in a dark period,", "130L4STPVCA-00335-00137438-00138011": "which is guided by fear and paranoia", "130L4STPVCA-00336-00138011-00138254": "that's being encouraged by--  we won't go there,", "130L4STPVCA-00337-00138254-00138459": "you know where it's coming from.", "130L4STPVCA-00338-00138459-00138874": "But the theater's job is to propose  alternate social systems", "130L4STPVCA-00339-00138874-00139353": "that might translate the break-- and then I'll shut up, I promise;", "130L4STPVCA-00340-00139353-00139521": "this is a short panel--", "130L4STPVCA-00341-00139521-00139892": "that translate the breakthroughs  in science, in the arts,", "130L4STPVCA-00342-00139892-00140393": "in technology and proposes ways  that human beings can actually", "130L4STPVCA-00343-00140393-00140854": "behave vis-a-vis these changes, and that's done by the playwrights", "130L4STPVCA-00344-00140854-00141138": "who've described systems of being that's different,", "130L4STPVCA-00345-00141138-00141413": "and it's done by companies who actually perform differently.", "130L4STPVCA-00346-00141456-00141641": "I'll shut up.", "130L4STPVCA-00347-00141727-00141939": "But I just think it's  so important right now!", "130L4STPVCA-00348-00141939-00142191": "I want to pick up on what you just said and what you just said", "130L4STPVCA-00349-00142191-00142563": "and right before this began, I was talking to Dr. Shange", "130L4STPVCA-00350-00142563-00142842": "and learned that she had just started  a new play for the first time", "130L4STPVCA-00351-00142842-00142995": "in a really long time.", "130L4STPVCA-00352-00142995-00143095": "So it's something  that you're choosing actively to do,", "130L4STPVCA-00353-00143095-00143424": "which is really exciting  for the rest of us,", "130L4STPVCA-00354-00143424-00143738": "but you made a very specific choice  to do that at this moment.", "130L4STPVCA-00355-00143738-00143942": "Can you talk about that?", "130L4STPVCA-00356-00143942-00144538": "Yes, I hadn't written a play  in a very long time", "130L4STPVCA-00357-00144538-00145078": "because I decided that I liked  working by myself better", "130L4STPVCA-00358-00145078-00145481": "than working with a lot of people, (laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00359-00145481-00145666": "hearing all their ideas.", "130L4STPVCA-00360-00145666-00145926": "When I had an idea of my own that I wanted to do", "130L4STPVCA-00361-00145926-00146373": "and I didn't want any comments about it. (laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00362-00146373-00146784": "So in order to do that  I didn't write plays", "130L4STPVCA-00363-00146784-00147134": "because that would demand that I interact with people.", "130L4STPVCA-00364-00147216-00147814": "And so I hadn't written one, and I just finished a new volume", "130L4STPVCA-00365-00147814-00148219": "of poetry that will be out hopefully next year,", "130L4STPVCA-00366-00148219-00148791": "and I finished a book of essays and I worked on a choreopoem", "130L4STPVCA-00367-00148791-00149361": "that's ready to go into production and I worked on that all last year,", "130L4STPVCA-00368-00149466-00149664": "and I directed it once.", "130L4STPVCA-00369-00149686-00149884": "I was in it both times.", "130L4STPVCA-00370-00149929-00150198": "So I was being an actress  and director.", "130L4STPVCA-00371-00150278-00150714": "And this year when I got ready  to write again,", "130L4STPVCA-00372-00150714-00151123": "I started writing the poems because I haven't been able", "130L4STPVCA-00373-00151123-00151406": "to use my hands for five years.", "130L4STPVCA-00374-00151406-00152273": "So I was a writerless writer and when I started to be able", "130L4STPVCA-00375-00152273-00152719": "to use my hands again, I started writing poems,", "130L4STPVCA-00376-00152719-00153219": "and they just came to me naturally, and I was writing these poems,", "130L4STPVCA-00377-00153219-00154048": "and then it occurred to me that in the revamping of <i>A Photograph</i>", "130L4STPVCA-00378-00154048-00154473": "which is a play that is 30 years old. It was the first play", "130L4STPVCA-00379-00154473-00154837": "that I ever tried to write that was severely flawed", "130L4STPVCA-00380-00154837-00155245": "because I didn't know how to write plays, I knew how to write poems.", "130L4STPVCA-00381-00155245-00155650": "And so I took <i>A Photograph</i>, and I revamped it.", "130L4STPVCA-00382-00155650-00155829": "I rewrote it.", "130L4STPVCA-00383-00155829-00156375": "And in the process of rewriting it, my sister, the writer Ifa Bayeza,", "130L4STPVCA-00384-00156375-00156917": "said to me this is your only  dialogue-driven play that you've got.", "130L4STPVCA-00385-00156998-00157308": "And I said, \"really, it's the only one?\"", "130L4STPVCA-00386-00157354-00157733": "And she said, \"yes, everything else has poems in it.\"", "130L4STPVCA-00387-00157800-00158067": "And I said, \"<i>Mother Courage</i> didn't.\"", "130L4STPVCA-00388-00158067-00158317": "She said, \"well, you didn't write <i>Mother Courage.</i>\"", "130L4STPVCA-00389-00158317-00158597": "(laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00390-00158880-00159466": "And so, this time around after I finish the poem for the new book", "130L4STPVCA-00391-00159466-00160118": "I was sitting up and I said, \"My God, maybe I can think", "130L4STPVCA-00392-00160118-00160654": "of characters like I do for a novel. I can think of them for the stage.\"", "130L4STPVCA-00393-00160767-00161181": "And I can think of the plot like I think of for the novel", "130L4STPVCA-00394-00161181-00161481": "and condense it  so it will fit in to two hours,", "130L4STPVCA-00395-00161610-00162160": "and maybe I can make them talk in a way that exposes all their flaws", "130L4STPVCA-00396-00162160-00162812": "and desires and angers and wants and maybe if I can do that,", "130L4STPVCA-00397-00162812-00163353": "I'll have a play that's dialogue driven. (laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00398-00163380-00163847": "And so I started trying to do that, and I've got two scenes done now.", "130L4STPVCA-00399-00163871-00164104": "And I'm very happy.", "130L4STPVCA-00400-00164232-00164812": "My only problem is that initially I had a play with seven characters,", "130L4STPVCA-00401-00164853-00165639": "and I was told by theater people  that nowadays producers only want", "130L4STPVCA-00402-00165660-00166138": "to pay for five actors, and they prefer a two character play", "130L4STPVCA-00403-00166159-00166704": "to a seven actor play, so I should be mindful", "130L4STPVCA-00404-00166704-00167092": "of how many characters I need and couldn't I condense", "130L4STPVCA-00405-00167092-00167566": "a couple of those characters  into one person and all of this.", "130L4STPVCA-00406-00167631-00168238": "So that was another stymieing point because in a novel I could have", "130L4STPVCA-00407-00168238-00168438": "as many characters as I want.", "130L4STPVCA-00408-00168530-00168723": "I hope you didn't give into that.", "130L4STPVCA-00409-00168723-00168954": "I hope you're writing just  as many characters as you want.", "130L4STPVCA-00410-00168954-00169151": "No, I didn't I wrote five.", "130L4STPVCA-00411-00169203-00169500": "Because I want it produced.", "130L4STPVCA-00412-00169500-00169724": "(laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00413-00170105-00170659": "Because the theater is two character plays and monologues, so boring!", "130L4STPVCA-00414-00170696-00170954": "Monologues are not boring.", "130L4STPVCA-00415-00170996-00171161": "(laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00416-00171177-00171414": "When there are only two people  on the stage and you know", "130L4STPVCA-00417-00171414-00171837": "they're only two actors a play and I know no-one else is coming on,", "130L4STPVCA-00418-00171837-00171999": "I've lost interest.", "130L4STPVCA-00419-00172084-00172345": "Oh, I see what you mean.", "130L4STPVCA-00420-00172712-00173448": "One of the things that I wonder about to sort of expand on this a little bit", "130L4STPVCA-00421-00173448-00174180": "is in addition to the context  of anger, I feel like one of the things", "130L4STPVCA-00422-00174180-00174617": "that's happening in the culture right now is that we have a blurring", "130L4STPVCA-00423-00174617-00175177": "of the lines between truth and fact and truth and fiction", "130L4STPVCA-00424-00175177-00175556": "in our daily lives and I think people  are confused about what's true", "130L4STPVCA-00425-00175556-00175876": "and what's real  and what they can believe", "130L4STPVCA-00426-00175876-00176266": "in the media in particular  and for politicians in a way", "130L4STPVCA-00427-00176266-00176589": "that is different  from any time that I remember", "130L4STPVCA-00428-00176589-00176745": "in my life.", "130L4STPVCA-00429-00176745-00177223": "And I wonder if you think that's true first of all, and I wonder if you think", "130L4STPVCA-00430-00177223-00178005": "that being an artist in the theater which traffics in fictions", "130L4STPVCA-00431-00178005-00178270": "for the most part or versions of reality,", "130L4STPVCA-00432-00178270-00178667": "does that marginalize the theater further,", "130L4STPVCA-00433-00178667-00178985": "that we're in this moment where now we don't even really know,", "130L4STPVCA-00434-00178985-00179326": "the idea that the theater might reveal certain truths.", "130L4STPVCA-00435-00179326-00179680": "Does that resonate?", "130L4STPVCA-00436-00179680-00179931": "(Larry) You're getting too highfalutin.", "130L4STPVCA-00437-00180039-00180320": "Well, I'm trying to locate it in why you would choose to do", "130L4STPVCA-00438-00180320-00180491": "what you do?", "130L4STPVCA-00439-00180491-00180680": "You keep working, all of you.", "130L4STPVCA-00440-00180680-00180862": "Because you care about something.", "130L4STPVCA-00441-00180868-00181507": "I get nervous when I hear this word art, and I don't think of myself as an artist.", "130L4STPVCA-00442-00181507-00181736": "I think of myself as a writer.", "130L4STPVCA-00443-00181759-00181935": "I don't know what art is.", "130L4STPVCA-00444-00181971-00182233": "All the things you mentioned  about what's wrong with the world", "130L4STPVCA-00445-00182233-00182808": "and what's true and not true, great plays are written like that", "130L4STPVCA-00446-00182808-00183333": "about people like that and the theater isn't any different", "130L4STPVCA-00447-00183341-00183811": "than it's been in terms of the themes  that are available to it.", "130L4STPVCA-00448-00183836-00184509": "I think one of the things that makes theater or poetry valuable", "130L4STPVCA-00449-00184509-00185125": "or visual art valuable is that  something that Anne was talking about", "130L4STPVCA-00450-00185125-00185763": "about the lower parts of the brain because if we can make characters", "130L4STPVCA-00451-00185763-00186614": "whose reality is so tangible and pungent that it becomes", "130L4STPVCA-00452-00186614-00187365": "close and dear to the audience then I think we've done our job.", "130L4STPVCA-00453-00187446-00187791": "To me that's the major thing I want to do.", "130L4STPVCA-00454-00187791-00188364": "I want to open a character up so much that the audience feels", "130L4STPVCA-00455-00188364-00188987": "that they're walking in that person's life or in that person's shoes", "130L4STPVCA-00456-00188987-00189328": "and that's what's real to me.", "130L4STPVCA-00457-00189521-00190167": "But so much of what you're talking about is about stripping away", "130L4STPVCA-00458-00190167-00190578": "people's sense of power, and so I think the reason", "130L4STPVCA-00459-00190578-00191287": "why people create-- I think what it's about is creating work", "130L4STPVCA-00460-00191287-00191415": "that will give--", "130L4STPVCA-00461-00191415-00191698": "People come into the theater  and they're coming in", "130L4STPVCA-00462-00191698-00191998": "with varying degrees of I know who I am or I don't know what I have", "130L4STPVCA-00463-00191998-00192174": "or I don't what I'm holding onto.", "130L4STPVCA-00464-00192174-00192429": "I don't know what I believe, and I don't know what's going on.", "130L4STPVCA-00465-00192429-00192758": "And everybody's walking around like that and to me I think one", "130L4STPVCA-00466-00192758-00193267": "of the core responsibilities, even if it's stripping down a human being,", "130L4STPVCA-00467-00193267-00193573": "is about empowering an audience.", "130L4STPVCA-00468-00193573-00193978": "So it's restoring inside of an audience, the sense that they have;", "130L4STPVCA-00469-00193986-00194442": "it's within them, an invincible power to change the world.", "130L4STPVCA-00470-00194519-00194867": "We know that changing the world is a monstrously hard,", "130L4STPVCA-00471-00194867-00195287": "close to impossible thing to do but I think it's deeply", "130L4STPVCA-00472-00195287-00195661": "crucially important  that we all believe that we can.", "130L4STPVCA-00473-00195692-00195944": "And I think that's one of the things  that theater can do,", "130L4STPVCA-00474-00195944-00196551": "that the intimacy of the event, the intimacy to me what's fascinating", "130L4STPVCA-00475-00196551-00197018": "is when you are watching a film and it has tremendous power,", "130L4STPVCA-00476-00197018-00197236": "you lean back in your seat.", "130L4STPVCA-00477-00197269-00197599": "When you are watching a play  and it has tremendous power,", "130L4STPVCA-00478-00197599-00197950": "you lean forward in your seat because it's proportionately", "130L4STPVCA-00479-00197950-00198356": "the same size as you, and you're looking in to see", "130L4STPVCA-00480-00198356-00198835": "how you can get the secrets of how these people are succeeding", "130L4STPVCA-00481-00198835-00199229": "or failing or believing or not believing, and that's what I think it's about,", "130L4STPVCA-00482-00199229-00199883": "and that's why I agree with you  that theater continues to be important.", "130L4STPVCA-00483-00199910-00200178": "I agree with you that a lot of times it's hard to figure out", "130L4STPVCA-00484-00200178-00200534": "what the stakes are, but ultimately I think the core stake is", "130L4STPVCA-00485-00200534-00200893": "about empowering people  because so much that is happening", "130L4STPVCA-00486-00200893-00201116": "in the world is about  taking away their power.", "130L4STPVCA-00487-00201221-00201582": "So I think that's where I am right now.", "130L4STPVCA-00488-00201619-00202578": "I'm interested in stories that empower, not necessarily \"rah rah rah\" empowerment,", "130L4STPVCA-00489-00202578-00203161": "but it can be \"fuck that\" empowerment or \"I agree\" empowerment.", "130L4STPVCA-00490-00203161-00203391": "Or \"you're completely wrong\" empowerment.", "130L4STPVCA-00491-00203402-00203785": "It's just instilling inside people  the ability to keep charging forward", "130L4STPVCA-00492-00203785-00203933": "no matter what.", "130L4STPVCA-00493-00204007-00204473": "Certainly, <i>Shuffle Along</i> is  a really interesting example of that,", "130L4STPVCA-00494-00204473-00205082": "especially because it's actually a piece from an earlier period in our history", "130L4STPVCA-00495-00205082-00205273": "that was forgotten.", "130L4STPVCA-00496-00205284-00205745": "So that the act of doing it  in and of itself was what you describe", "130L4STPVCA-00497-00205745-00206075": "but that the piece itself  was also this thing that in its moment", "130L4STPVCA-00498-00206075-00206294": "was incredibly forward thinking.", "130L4STPVCA-00499-00206294-00206629": "And yet somehow that didn't occur  in a cultural moment", "130L4STPVCA-00500-00206629-00206922": "in which that could get traction, and that's--", "130L4STPVCA-00501-00206922-00207131": "Well, it did and then it didn't.", "130L4STPVCA-00502-00207131-00207313": "Well, right.", "130L4STPVCA-00503-00207343-00207526": "Traction without some traction.", "130L4STPVCA-00504-00207526-00207735": "Exactly that's what happens.", "130L4STPVCA-00505-00207735-00208405": "You've all-- to just return  to the overarching subject of the week", "130L4STPVCA-00506-00208519-00208656": "before we move on.", "130L4STPVCA-00507-00208656-00208934": "We should move on soon to questions.", "130L4STPVCA-00508-00208934-00209343": "All of your work has touched  on issues of American identity", "130L4STPVCA-00509-00209343-00209921": "in touching up different groups, but the overarching questions", "130L4STPVCA-00510-00209921-00210382": "of what it means to be American in  our time, what our responsibilities are.", "130L4STPVCA-00511-00210382-00210993": "One of the things that's happening  right now in our society is", "130L4STPVCA-00512-00210993-00211278": "people are really interrogating the question of whether,", "130L4STPVCA-00513-00211278-00211757": "not what our shared values are, but actually whether we even have them.", "130L4STPVCA-00514-00211757-00212131": "And I just wonder as you guys  are thinking about doing your own work now", "130L4STPVCA-00515-00212131-00212688": "how has your orientation as an artist  or as a writer or director", "130L4STPVCA-00516-00212688-00213057": "towards the question of American identity or your own identity changed?", "130L4STPVCA-00517-00213226-00213768": "You know Gordon Dahl calls us the United States of Amnesia,", "130L4STPVCA-00518-00213800-00214259": "and in a way he's right, and yet we have one of the most", "130L4STPVCA-00519-00214259-00214734": "extraordinary histories in this country, and we have amazing people", "130L4STPVCA-00520-00214734-00215389": "who have come who are now dead who didn't finish their sentences.", "130L4STPVCA-00521-00215428-00215565": "They had more to say.", "130L4STPVCA-00522-00215581-00215797": "That's also why I love <i>Shuffle Along</i>!", "130L4STPVCA-00523-00215823-00216277": "Sometimes I think if the theater were a verb,", "130L4STPVCA-00524-00216317-00216582": "it would be to remember in the sense of to remember", "130L4STPVCA-00525-00216582-00217054": "to put the parts back together again, and that our job is not so much", "130L4STPVCA-00526-00217054-00217527": "to invent something new  but is to inhabit those who didn't", "130L4STPVCA-00527-00217527-00217943": "quite finish saying what they had to say, and there are extraordinary examples", "130L4STPVCA-00528-00217943-00218698": "of those extraordinary Americans who need to be heard right now,", "130L4STPVCA-00529-00218698-00219107": "and that's a large part of what  I personally do as an artist", "130L4STPVCA-00530-00219107-00219318": "is listen to those people.", "130L4STPVCA-00531-00219779-00220158": "Other thoughts on that question?", "130L4STPVCA-00532-00220174-00220283": "Well, happily.", "130L4STPVCA-00533-00220283-00220517": "Anne's answer is quite comprehensive.", "130L4STPVCA-00534-00220528-00220807": "Maybe what we should do is open up to the audience.", "130L4STPVCA-00535-00220807-00221047": "We've got a few more minutes for questions that you might have.", "130L4STPVCA-00536-00221047-00221455": "Please speak up if you have a question so we can all hear you.", "130L4STPVCA-00537-00221713-00221898": "Scared them into silence.", "130L4STPVCA-00538-00221898-00222088": "(laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00539-00222088-00222328": "I also can't see you very well. So, yes.", "130L4STPVCA-00540-00222389-00223210": "(audience member) [inaudible]", "130L4STPVCA-00541-00225996-00226650": "That perhaps academic institutions have come to this place--", "130L4STPVCA-00542-00226650-00227525": "have become the watchdog... the gatekeepers of American theater", "130L4STPVCA-00543-00227554-00227980": "and that it's impossible that somebody like August Wilson", "130L4STPVCA-00544-00227980-00228258": "or somebody suffering  from a mental health issue", "130L4STPVCA-00545-00228258-00228687": "or someone who's on the outskirts  of power would find any way in", "130L4STPVCA-00546-00228687-00228927": "or that their work would be recognized.", "130L4STPVCA-00547-00228982-00229315": "And that the only way to make it in or to find one's way", "130L4STPVCA-00548-00229315-00229979": "is by becoming more alive  in the academic work", "130L4STPVCA-00549-00229979-00230307": "that's being done to develop  one's aesthetic in that manner", "130L4STPVCA-00550-00230307-00230768": "and that power works on artists individually in their work.", "130L4STPVCA-00551-00230954-00231594": "[inaudible]", "130L4STPVCA-00552-00231673-00231870": "So what's your question?", "130L4STPVCA-00553-00232011-00232476": "(audience member) How do we voice  disagreement about things", "130L4STPVCA-00554-00232495-00232764": "that are going on in American theater", "130L4STPVCA-00555-00232764-00233250": "when we're stuck in a place  where we're also having to be", "130L4STPVCA-00556-00233250-00233683": "extremely professional about art and the art has become somewhat commercial", "130L4STPVCA-00557-00233683-00233919": "[inaudible]", "130L4STPVCA-00558-00233926-00234158": "Okay, well that's a lot of questions.", "130L4STPVCA-00559-00234158-00234364": "Well, I raised my hand because...", "130L4STPVCA-00560-00234563-00234823": "I'm going to summarize your question.", "130L4STPVCA-00561-00234823-00235064": "He was contextualizing his question about an article that was", "130L4STPVCA-00562-00235064-00235403": "in <i>American Theater</i> this month, which suggests-- I have not read it yet--", "130L4STPVCA-00563-00235403-00235766": "that there's a barrier to entry  to the profession to anybody", "130L4STPVCA-00564-00235766-00236138": "who doesn't conform to a kind of work that's being established", "130L4STPVCA-00565-00236138-00236452": "in MFA programs whether or not  they necessarily go to one,", "130L4STPVCA-00566-00236452-00236766": "and then it's hard to enter  the profession if you were in some way", "130L4STPVCA-00567-00236766-00237157": "an outsider and how do we talk about as artists and makers", "130L4STPVCA-00568-00237157-00237579": "what the problems of our own industry  in terms of access might be,", "130L4STPVCA-00569-00237579-00238014": "when our industry has become so commercialized or professionalized.", "130L4STPVCA-00570-00238014-00238164": "Is that fair?", "130L4STPVCA-00571-00238196-00238576": "(audience member) [inaudible]", "130L4STPVCA-00572-00238592-00239387": "Well, I had qualms about teaching in the creative writing graduate program", "130L4STPVCA-00573-00239387-00239909": "at the University of Houston because I didn't understand", "130L4STPVCA-00574-00239909-00240173": "why a poet just couldn't  write some poems", "130L4STPVCA-00575-00240190-00240806": "and go to a reading and read them and have people respond to them", "130L4STPVCA-00576-00240806-00241305": "and see how their work was  being taken in.", "130L4STPVCA-00577-00241412-00241700": "Or if it wasn't being taken in the way they wanted,", "130L4STPVCA-00578-00241700-00241923": "what could they change to fix it?", "130L4STPVCA-00579-00241940-00242302": "Because you find out what's wrong  with your work when you do it", "130L4STPVCA-00580-00242302-00242551": "in front of people.", "130L4STPVCA-00581-00242551-00243011": "And when I was teaching these people in this MFA program", "130L4STPVCA-00582-00243011-00243430": "and they were trying to go ahead and get PhD's in poetry,", "130L4STPVCA-00583-00243526-00244180": "I was like aghast and I couldn't  understand what I was doing", "130L4STPVCA-00584-00244180-00244575": "teaching these people  because I didn't think", "130L4STPVCA-00585-00244575-00244758": "that they could be taught.", "130L4STPVCA-00586-00244765-00245466": "What we're trying to do is maybe give you some technical points,", "130L4STPVCA-00587-00245466-00245840": "but you can't teach somebody how to write a poem,", "130L4STPVCA-00588-00245897-00246502": "and writing a play is not an exercise  that you do in four months", "130L4STPVCA-00589-00246542-00246875": "and turn it in-- I wrote it because I had to write it.", "130L4STPVCA-00590-00246922-00247398": "It should be a passion in you that drives the coming of the art.", "130L4STPVCA-00591-00247437-00247723": "I'm sorry, Larry. (laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00592-00247723-00248084": "The coming of the art should come from a passion", "130L4STPVCA-00593-00248084-00248286": "that's in you.", "130L4STPVCA-00594-00248286-00248542": "It can't be an assignment.", "130L4STPVCA-00595-00248584-00248938": "And that's what I think  the MFA programs do to people.", "130L4STPVCA-00596-00248938-00249802": "They make the art so that it is so dry and perfect, that there's no room", "130L4STPVCA-00597-00249802-00250369": "in it for sweat, and there's  no room in it for tears or laughter.", "130L4STPVCA-00598-00250529-00250879": "Okay, any other thoughts on that question?", "130L4STPVCA-00599-00250926-00251260": "Any other questions? Yeah.", "130L4STPVCA-00600-00251507-00251867": "(audience member)  [inaudible]", "130L4STPVCA-00601-00251867-00252156": "I'm wondering at this stage in your career,", "130L4STPVCA-00602-00252156-00252770": "in what way do you mentor emerging artist/writers?", "130L4STPVCA-00603-00252895-00253428": "Who are some of your mentees and how did those relationships develop?", "130L4STPVCA-00604-00253575-00254040": "The question was up to the full panel about how they interact", "130L4STPVCA-00605-00254040-00254265": "with the other artists, how they mentor people,", "130L4STPVCA-00606-00254265-00254515": "and are there any examples of mentees that they have", "130L4STPVCA-00607-00254515-00254770": "that they want to specifically mention?", "130L4STPVCA-00608-00254770-00255304": "The question was about mentorship and any younger artists that you find", "130L4STPVCA-00609-00255304-00255674": "yourself in a position to mentor and what your position is", "130L4STPVCA-00610-00255674-00255896": "on working with younger artists?", "130L4STPVCA-00611-00255904-00256249": "(audience member) And I purposely said  emerging and not younger.", "130L4STPVCA-00612-00256271-00256414": "Emerging, yes.", "130L4STPVCA-00613-00256414-00256610": "(audience member) So emerging at sixty...", "130L4STPVCA-00614-00256610-00256938": "Sure. Yeah, that's a good modifier. Sorry about that.", "130L4STPVCA-00615-00257393-00257594": "You mentor a lot.", "130L4STPVCA-00616-00257808-00258256": "I agree with Ntozake  that you can't teach--", "130L4STPVCA-00617-00258256-00258507": "I teach directly, but you can't teach it.", "130L4STPVCA-00618-00258507-00259284": "What you can do is give an opportunity  for emerging artists to put work", "130L4STPVCA-00619-00259284-00259422": "in front of an audience.", "130L4STPVCA-00620-00259443-00259739": "And you have to have an audience, right?", "130L4STPVCA-00621-00259739-00259960": "It's not theoretical.", "130L4STPVCA-00622-00259960-00260230": "You put it in front of an audience, and then you're embarrassed", "130L4STPVCA-00623-00260230-00260413": "by what you see and then you make adjustments", "130L4STPVCA-00624-00260413-00260539": "from that embarrassment.", "130L4STPVCA-00625-00260539-00260710": "(Ntozake) Right. (laughter)", "130L4STPVCA-00626-00260710-00261182": "But I think it's true that MFA is an issue because I work at an MFA program", "130L4STPVCA-00627-00261206-00261570": "so I'm one of the guilty people, but I always think", "130L4STPVCA-00628-00261570-00262037": "when I'm looking at students I thought  I would never get into my program.", "130L4STPVCA-00629-00262056-00262424": "Anyway that's actually true.", "130L4STPVCA-00630-00262424-00262815": "I look at their applications and think I could never get", "130L4STPVCA-00631-00262815-00263050": "into the program that I'm running.", "130L4STPVCA-00632-00263081-00263541": "And maybe 10 years ago I used to say, \"Don't go to MFA programs;", "130L4STPVCA-00633-00263541-00263718": "just go do your work.\"", "130L4STPVCA-00634-00263718-00264402": "But there is truly an adavntage", "130L4STPVCA-00635-00264402-00264815": "and perhaps an unfair advantage I think.", "130L4STPVCA-00636-00264848-00265215": "But going back to the mentor question,", "130L4STPVCA-00637-00265215-00265596": "you can give an opportunity to make work, and then you can", "130L4STPVCA-00638-00265596-00265971": "be truthful about what you experience, and that's called critique.", "130L4STPVCA-00639-00266007-00266261": "This is what I saw.", "130L4STPVCA-00640-00266261-00266632": "Why didn't you think of this, but that's about it.", "130L4STPVCA-00641-00266632-00266975": "I can use myself as a barometer.", "130L4STPVCA-00642-00266975-00267401": "In other words, my body gets excited  when I'm watching your work.", "130L4STPVCA-00643-00267401-00267548": "That's a good thing.", "130L4STPVCA-00644-00267548-00267863": "I got really bored;  that's the bad thing.", "130L4STPVCA-00645-00267896-00268339": "I think that \"astonish me\" is truly  the art of what we're trying to do", "130L4STPVCA-00646-00268339-00268853": "is to create work  that changes the heartbeat,", "130L4STPVCA-00647-00268853-00269450": "and so I can just be present  for emerging artists and respond", "130L4STPVCA-00648-00269450-00269756": "because I've practiced for many years.", "130L4STPVCA-00649-00269897-00270071": "Well, I have.", "130L4STPVCA-00650-00270095-00270629": "I spoke to one of my mentees today, and she's at the stage where she feels", "130L4STPVCA-00651-00270629-00270831": "like she needs an agent.", "130L4STPVCA-00652-00270964-00271533": "And I'm feeling uneasy  about introducing her to an agent", "130L4STPVCA-00653-00271533-00272129": "because I don't think she's ready yet, and I don't quite know how to tell her", "130L4STPVCA-00654-00272129-00272642": "that she has to write some more and expose herself some more", "130L4STPVCA-00655-00272642-00273251": "in little magazines and small magazines and small newspapers.", "130L4STPVCA-00656-00273251-00273816": "She has to put herself out there so that it can be seen", "130L4STPVCA-00657-00273816-00274271": "so that somebody who was an agent would be taken with it,", "130L4STPVCA-00658-00274271-00274603": "be smitten by it and want her.", "130L4STPVCA-00659-00274603-00275267": "And it's almost like the MFA question.", "130L4STPVCA-00660-00275301-00275917": "Because at a certain stage in our careers, you do need an agent.", "130L4STPVCA-00661-00275917-00276405": "I have always felt like they had to come looking for me", "130L4STPVCA-00662-00276405-00276884": "because I didn't feel like  I was ready yet", "130L4STPVCA-00663-00276884-00277175": "if they weren't looking for me.", "130L4STPVCA-00664-00277175-00277630": "And so I'm gonna tell  this young woman that tomorrow.", "130L4STPVCA-00665-00277635-00277979": "But her name is Mariposa Fernandez.", "130L4STPVCA-00666-00277979-00278431": "I also work with a young woman who goes by the name of [Rua]", "130L4STPVCA-00667-00278431-00278807": "who's a performing poet. They're both performing poets.", "130L4STPVCA-00668-00278807-00279282": "And I work with a young woman who's a performing poet and singer", "130L4STPVCA-00669-00279298-00279895": "who has started her first play, and she's just getting started on it", "130L4STPVCA-00670-00279914-00280488": "so I'm being very gentle with her and letting her go wherever she goes.", "130L4STPVCA-00671-00280539-00281029": "It's sort of wandering right now, but that might be the shape of the play.", "130L4STPVCA-00672-00281029-00281274": "So we'll just have to wait and see.", "130L4STPVCA-00673-00281302-00281545": "(Larry) That's very generous of you.", "130L4STPVCA-00674-00281766-00282022": "We have time for just one or two more.", "130L4STPVCA-00675-00282022-00282124": "Yes, in the middle.", "130L4STPVCA-00676-00282154-00282512": "(audience member) I felt early  in the program, I heard the instruction", "130L4STPVCA-00677-00282530-00282861": "use your anger as a sort  of a guiding principle for young artists.", "130L4STPVCA-00678-00282887-00283244": "What instructions would you leave  upcoming generations of artists", "130L4STPVCA-00679-00283244-00283560": "as speaking from the point of view of successful ones?", "130L4STPVCA-00680-00283686-00283978": "What instructions would you offer, folks?", "130L4STPVCA-00681-00284000-00284420": "What instructions would you offer to other young artists?", "130L4STPVCA-00682-00284448-00284838": "It's the only one  which is to be courageous.", "130L4STPVCA-00683-00284838-00284980": "That's it.", "130L4STPVCA-00684-00285013-00285465": "And also one of the things I think is most important is", "130L4STPVCA-00685-00285465-00286101": "that when you encounter failure don't run away from it,", "130L4STPVCA-00686-00286126-00286504": "but walk through the failure so you can figure out", "130L4STPVCA-00687-00286504-00286814": "what you did to contribute  to the phenomenon", "130L4STPVCA-00688-00286814-00287072": "so it doesn't happen again.", "130L4STPVCA-00689-00287162-00287868": "And the first play I did in New York got hate, hate reviews,", "130L4STPVCA-00690-00287868-00288204": "and the second one: \"Oh my God, where's he been", "130L4STPVCA-00691-00288204-00288342": "all our lives?\"", "130L4STPVCA-00692-00288342-00288711": "And I am so glad it happened in that order", "130L4STPVCA-00693-00288711-00289162": "because I learned so much stuff about what I did,", "130L4STPVCA-00694-00289162-00289467": "how I was stupid, how I surrendered authority,", "130L4STPVCA-00695-00289467-00289906": "how I did a bunch of crap that contributed to it not working", "130L4STPVCA-00696-00289906-00290308": "so that by the time I did the next play, my next play, I was like", "130L4STPVCA-00697-00290308-00290800": "every single antenna on me  was so sharpened and so refined:", "130L4STPVCA-00698-00290800-00290977": "\"No, I'm not doing that! No, that's not right!", "130L4STPVCA-00699-00290977-00291116": "No, we're not doing that!\"", "130L4STPVCA-00700-00291116-00291549": "Whereas the first play around I went, \"Okay, sure, why not.\"", "130L4STPVCA-00701-00291549-00292103": "So, I think when you encounter failure, failure isn't a punishment.", "130L4STPVCA-00702-00292103-00292529": "I think failure is an extraordinary  opportunity to learn and get smarter", "130L4STPVCA-00703-00292529-00292705": "and get better.", "130L4STPVCA-00704-00292705-00293198": "The other thing I think  is important is to read.", "130L4STPVCA-00705-00293351-00294084": "I think I find that a lot of people  approach me and want to become writers", "130L4STPVCA-00706-00294084-00294246": "don't read.", "130L4STPVCA-00707-00294321-00294833": "They don't have any context  for what they want to do themselves.", "130L4STPVCA-00708-00294889-00295345": "They don't know what can  influence them or feed them", "130L4STPVCA-00709-00295345-00295860": "or anger them or make them cry.", "130L4STPVCA-00710-00295860-00296207": "And if they don't know  who can do that to them,", "130L4STPVCA-00711-00296207-00296578": "how do they know how to do that to somebody else?", "130L4STPVCA-00712-00296578-00296926": "And it also increases your vocabulary.", "130L4STPVCA-00713-00296972-00297325": "It gives you more of an idea of place.", "130L4STPVCA-00714-00297325-00297669": "It gives you a sense of history.", "130L4STPVCA-00715-00297696-00298131": "I would just beg all the young artists  and emerging artists", "130L4STPVCA-00716-00298131-00298607": "to read as much as you can of whatever it is.", "130L4STPVCA-00717-00298628-00298842": "Read science books!", "130L4STPVCA-00718-00298842-00299036": "Read history books!", "130L4STPVCA-00719-00299036-00299252": "Read biographies!", "130L4STPVCA-00720-00299252-00299812": "Read autobiographies but read because there's so much of the world", "130L4STPVCA-00721-00299812-00300184": "locked up and you have access to it.", "130L4STPVCA-00722-00300367-00300699": "True advice. Did you want to add anything, Larry?", "130L4STPVCA-00723-00300699-00301179": "Did you want to add anything to the laundry list of advice", "130L4STPVCA-00724-00301179-00301358": "to younger artists?", "130L4STPVCA-00725-00301763-00302194": "If you believe enough in your work, keep going.", "130L4STPVCA-00726-00302260-00302557": "It's not easy, but keep going.", "130L4STPVCA-00727-00302906-00303539": "I'd also like to add in addition to reading,", "130L4STPVCA-00728-00303550-00304764": "to experience your discomfort, to notice what that discomfort brings up", "130L4STPVCA-00729-00304764-00305244": "because I think as you read  as you expand as you grow,", "130L4STPVCA-00730-00305244-00305719": "you're going to be asked to come out of your comfort level.", "130L4STPVCA-00731-00305719-00306591": "Which for us culturally is the same thing  as saying, you're going to have to", "130L4STPVCA-00732-00306591-00306947": "deal with things that are unfamiliar.", "130L4STPVCA-00733-00307022-00307366": "And I think we really suffer.", "130L4STPVCA-00734-00307436-00307921": "We're in peril now as a society because we're too addicted to comfort.", "130L4STPVCA-00735-00307937-00308554": "So it's really important to be able to not only be uncomfortable", "130L4STPVCA-00736-00308554-00309034": "which kind of sounds ridiculous but to notice the purpose", "130L4STPVCA-00737-00309034-00309125": "of discomfort.", "130L4STPVCA-00738-00309125-00309308": "(Christian) What can we take from that.", "130L4STPVCA-00739-00309308-00309526": "Which comes back to what George  was just saying.", "130L4STPVCA-00740-00309526-00309719": "What does discomfort teach you?", "130L4STPVCA-00741-00309719-00309922": "(Larry) Try not to be afraid.", "130L4STPVCA-00742-00309944-00310601": "I'm a late bloomer  because like so many people", "130L4STPVCA-00743-00310625-00311193": "who want to write, they're afraid to actually get down to do it.", "130L4STPVCA-00744-00311250-00311736": "And then when they actually have something they're afraid to show it to anybody else.", "130L4STPVCA-00745-00311755-00312349": "Everybody goes through that so you have to get past all of that.", "130L4STPVCA-00746-00312398-00312660": "Put that over there on the side.", "130L4STPVCA-00747-00312692-00312890": "Look at it and then put it over there.", "130L4STPVCA-00748-00312949-00313171": "I think that's a really good place  for us to end actually.", "130L4STPVCA-00749-00313217-00313472": "I want to thank all of you so much for being here.", "130L4STPVCA-00750-00313498-00313704": "(applause)", "130L4STPVCA-00751-00313782-00314051": "And thank you all too!", "130L4STPVCA-00752-00314080-00314452": "(applause)"}}, {"audio_id": "133q-Yft2Vo", "text": {"133q-Yft2Vo-00000-00000000-00000200": "Hi everyone", "133q-Yft2Vo-00001-00000200-00000400": "Banknifty future 1 Mins Chart", "133q-Yft2Vo-00002-00000400-00000866": "Daily Automatically u will receive calls", "133q-Yft2Vo-00003-00000866-00003285": "According to Candle Breakout u will receive calls Automatically", "133q-Yft2Vo-00004-00003285-00005619": "Analyse live market movement & Give Signals", "133q-Yft2Vo-00005-00005874-00008346": "for example now Buy call so green color candle opens", "133q-Yft2Vo-00006-00008346-00010983": "Entry point, target line complete detail u will receive", "133q-Yft2Vo-00007-00010983-00012416": "105 point 1st Target", "133q-Yft2Vo-00008-00012527-00014788": "1hour of Trading finally reached target", "133q-Yft2Vo-00009-00014788-00016447": "Week expiry option chart calls Analysis", "133q-Yft2Vo-00010-00016447-00019973": "WhatsApp - 948862166"}}, {"audio_id": "13gbYOgRTMI", "text": {"13gbYOgRTMI-00000-00000048-00000381": "(cheering and applause)", "13gbYOgRTMI-00001-00000513-00000889": "(speaks in foreign language)", "13gbYOgRTMI-00002-00000889-00001073": "- Thank you so much for the opportunity", "13gbYOgRTMI-00003-00001073-00001240": "to be here today.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00004-00001240-00001426": "I'm really thrilled to be presenting", "13gbYOgRTMI-00005-00001426-00001661": "a new project that I've been working on", "13gbYOgRTMI-00006-00001661-00001856": "for a few months only.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00007-00001856-00002018": "And this is the first time I'm talking", "13gbYOgRTMI-00008-00002018-00002213": "about it to an audience of this size.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00009-00002213-00002420": "So, bare with me.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00010-00002420-00002675": "So the project is called Greaterthan.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00011-00002675-00002908": "And what we're working on is supporting", "13gbYOgRTMI-00012-00002908-00003204": "organizations to become more human-centered,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00013-00003204-00003544": "open, and collaborative by offering them", "13gbYOgRTMI-00014-00003544-00003941": "software tools, but also services around", "13gbYOgRTMI-00015-00003941-00004155": "practices and cultural tools", "13gbYOgRTMI-00016-00004155-00004389": "to make this the new normal.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00017-00004389-00004645": "And so we're doing this through the lens", "13gbYOgRTMI-00018-00004645-00004801": "of everything that has to do with money", "13gbYOgRTMI-00019-00004801-00005003": "and organizations, and that means", "13gbYOgRTMI-00020-00005003-00005284": "things like budget planning, resource allocation,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00021-00005284-00005568": "financial management, value flows.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00022-00005659-00005863": "So, let me take a step back.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00023-00005863-00006117": "Why are we actually working on this?", "13gbYOgRTMI-00024-00006117-00006301": "So I think many of us here often", "13gbYOgRTMI-00025-00006301-00006526": "think about how can we make the most", "13gbYOgRTMI-00026-00006526-00006707": "difference to solve global problems", "13gbYOgRTMI-00027-00006707-00006917": "with the skills that we have.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00028-00006917-00007138": "And I've made a choice to focus on", "13gbYOgRTMI-00029-00007138-00007494": "the area of organizational development.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00030-00007494-00007753": "And, I guess, the reason for that", "13gbYOgRTMI-00031-00007753-00007924": "is that when you look around,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00032-00007924-00008117": "our organizations are everywhere.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00033-00008117-00008442": "They're a huge core driver of our economy.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00034-00008442-00008676": "But also, as individuals, all of us", "13gbYOgRTMI-00035-00008676-00008870": "go to work and spend a huge amount", "13gbYOgRTMI-00036-00008870-00009090": "of our time in the workplace.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00037-00009090-00009305": "So, when I think about how can we", "13gbYOgRTMI-00038-00009305-00009606": "shift mindsets, how can we change behaviors.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00039-00009606-00009798": "Starting in the workplace seems like", "13gbYOgRTMI-00040-00009798-00009990": "a great starting point.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00041-00010083-00010393": "And let's face it, our organizations", "13gbYOgRTMI-00042-00010393-00010628": "and their structures, they're failing us.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00043-00010628-00010837": "They're failing to address global problems.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00044-00010837-00011074": "They're also failing us as individuals.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00045-00011074-00011284": "There are so many statistics that show", "13gbYOgRTMI-00046-00011284-00011577": "how disengaged people are in companies", "13gbYOgRTMI-00047-00011577-00011748": "and how meaningless they feel.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00048-00011748-00011860": "And they're not contributing to", "13gbYOgRTMI-00049-00011860-00012114": "solving any problems.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00050-00012114-00012455": "So the reason I found my way into this topic", "13gbYOgRTMI-00051-00012455-00012655": "is actually through an organization", "13gbYOgRTMI-00052-00012655-00012813": "that I've been part of for the last five years,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00053-00012813-00013119": "called OUISHARE, and OUISHARE is a", "13gbYOgRTMI-00054-00013119-00013406": "distributed network, it's very many things.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00055-00013406-00013581": "I've heavily contributed to building", "13gbYOgRTMI-00056-00013581-00013907": "this organization, but foremost", "13gbYOgRTMI-00057-00013907-00014126": "it really is an experimentation lab", "13gbYOgRTMI-00058-00014126-00014462": "with new ways of living and working together.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00059-00014462-00014705": "And so over the past five years,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00060-00014705-00014829": "this international community has", "13gbYOgRTMI-00061-00014829-00015094": "taught me so much about new ways that", "13gbYOgRTMI-00062-00015094-00015360": "we can work as freelancers and teams,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00063-00015360-00015828": "and really transform the way organizations can function.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00064-00015828-00015985": "And I've also been exploring this", "13gbYOgRTMI-00065-00015985-00016223": "as a member of Enspiral, which is a", "13gbYOgRTMI-00066-00016223-00016567": "New Zealand started and based collective", "13gbYOgRTMI-00067-00016567-00016979": "network of entrepreneurs working on things that matter.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00068-00016979-00017354": "So from the starting point, maybe going back,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00069-00017467-00017652": "so OUISHARE, as you can hear in the name", "13gbYOgRTMI-00070-00017652-00017796": "we actually started working on the sharing", "13gbYOgRTMI-00071-00017796-00017965": "economy in the beginning.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00072-00017965-00018263": "And so one of the key insights for me in doing this", "13gbYOgRTMI-00073-00018263-00018509": "was we were all really excited, there was", "13gbYOgRTMI-00074-00018509-00018698": "a lot of positivity five years ago", "13gbYOgRTMI-00075-00018698-00018874": "when this really started.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00076-00018874-00019143": "People thought that new sharing platforms", "13gbYOgRTMI-00077-00019143-00019296": "that would enable us to share our", "13gbYOgRTMI-00078-00019296-00019617": "resources, and our houses, and our cars", "13gbYOgRTMI-00079-00019617-00019844": "would really make a big difference.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00080-00019844-00020092": "But what became apparent very quickly", "13gbYOgRTMI-00081-00020092-00020365": "is that if we put a little layer of", "13gbYOgRTMI-00082-00020365-00020730": "sharing on top of hierarchical structures", "13gbYOgRTMI-00083-00020730-00021015": "that don't change anything about how value flows", "13gbYOgRTMI-00084-00021015-00021182": "and the people producing the value", "13gbYOgRTMI-00085-00021182-00021372": "that actually capture it, we're not", "13gbYOgRTMI-00086-00021372-00021518": "really making any difference.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00087-00021518-00021834": "So this is an article I wrote a few years ago", "13gbYOgRTMI-00088-00021834-00022070": "about this topic, and it really is what", "13gbYOgRTMI-00089-00022070-00022226": "lead me to wanting to work more on", "13gbYOgRTMI-00090-00022226-00022475": "what is the operating system of our organizations,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00091-00022475-00022702": "and how can we fundamentally shift the way", "13gbYOgRTMI-00092-00022702-00023040": "they work and propose new models.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00093-00023040-00023365": "So why do this from the angle of money?", "13gbYOgRTMI-00094-00023618-00023835": "A lot of the experiments and different things", "13gbYOgRTMI-00095-00023835-00023999": "I've done within OUISHARE over the past", "13gbYOgRTMI-00096-00023999-00024303": "five years have really had to do with", "13gbYOgRTMI-00097-00024303-00024525": "trying to distribute leadership.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00098-00024525-00024661": "Cause I've often been a team leader", "13gbYOgRTMI-00099-00024661-00024980": "and wanted to really empower others that I'm working with.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00100-00024980-00025161": "And one of the things that's really come up", "13gbYOgRTMI-00101-00025161-00025375": "is that every time the topic of", "13gbYOgRTMI-00102-00025375-00025689": "resource allocation and making financial decisions", "13gbYOgRTMI-00103-00025689-00025914": "is really where it's been the hardest", "13gbYOgRTMI-00104-00025914-00026181": "to be more collaborative and bring more people", "13gbYOgRTMI-00105-00026181-00026429": "into sharing that responsibility.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00106-00026429-00026706": "So it seems like both the hardest,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00107-00026706-00026911": "but also the most impactful area,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00108-00026911-00027266": "to start to try to bring more collaboration.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00109-00027266-00027562": "So that's why I've decided to dedicate my time", "13gbYOgRTMI-00110-00027562-00027851": "to working on this, and the real realization", "13gbYOgRTMI-00111-00027851-00028144": "actually hit me when I was last November", "13gbYOgRTMI-00112-00028144-00028375": "with my friend Sandra who's here in the room,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00113-00028375-00028710": "in Brazil, on an island off the coast from Rio.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00114-00028710-00028940": "And I realized that there's so many things", "13gbYOgRTMI-00115-00028940-00029183": "that I have that are such an amazing", "13gbYOgRTMI-00116-00029183-00029421": "starting point to work on this.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00117-00029421-00029666": "The OUISHARE community, the Enspiral community,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00118-00029666-00029872": "all the wealth of knowledge in the experiments", "13gbYOgRTMI-00119-00029872-00030187": "that we've run, and the practices over the last years.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00120-00030187-00030580": "But also, a real coha, which is the stewardship", "13gbYOgRTMI-00121-00030580-00030920": "of a tool that has been used in the Enpsiral network", "13gbYOgRTMI-00122-00030920-00031247": "for several years already, called Cobudget.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00123-00031247-00031518": "And so me and my team, we have received", "13gbYOgRTMI-00124-00031518-00031756": "the stewardship over this tool,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00125-00031756-00032157": "which is a collaborative resource allocation tool,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00126-00032157-00032415": "and we're using this as our starting point", "13gbYOgRTMI-00127-00032415-00032733": "to really work on this topic and get feedback", "13gbYOgRTMI-00128-00032733-00032994": "and experiment with how groups can actually", "13gbYOgRTMI-00129-00032994-00033231": "allocate their resources more collaboratively,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00130-00033231-00033539": "and bring more people into financial decisions.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00131-00033539-00033758": "So this is where we're starting,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00132-00033758-00034099": "and, I guess, just to close, if you're interested", "13gbYOgRTMI-00133-00034099-00034457": "in this topic I'd love to discuss with you further.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00134-00034457-00034840": "And for me, this maybe seems like a small little tool,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00135-00034840-00035134": "and how can this develop, and what can we do with it.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00136-00035134-00035395": "But what I really hope this is the beginning of,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00137-00035395-00035742": "is creating more organizations that can really", "13gbYOgRTMI-00138-00035742-00036067": "unleash all the human potential that is in them,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00139-00036067-00036434": "enable people to thrive, be entrepreneurial,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00140-00036434-00036630": "and really have a systemic understanding", "13gbYOgRTMI-00141-00036630-00036834": "of the organization they're working in.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00142-00036834-00037138": "The environment, the local communities around it,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00143-00037138-00037380": "and make it possible for all of us as individuals", "13gbYOgRTMI-00144-00037380-00037648": "to be able to solve the problems we see.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00145-00037648-00037851": "So if you'd like to do that too,", "13gbYOgRTMI-00146-00037851-00038042": "please talk to me. Thank you.", "13gbYOgRTMI-00147-00038042-00038170": "(speaks in foreign language)", "13gbYOgRTMI-00148-00038170-00038405": "(cheering and applause)", "13gbYOgRTMI-00149-00038405-00038688": "(whimsical music)"}}, {"audio_id": "13pEk0Z0-Rk", "text": {"13pEk0Z0-Rk-00000-00000554-00000754": "Bodypositive language", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00001-00001021-00001642": "Do you know how many body parts are used to express places?", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00002-00001719-00002410": "People often describe the world using body parts as a metaphor.", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00003-00002442-00002932": "Have you heard phrases like:", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00004-00002932-00003170": "by the side of the road", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00005-00003170-00003459": "in the end of the road", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00006-00003459-00003738": "side by side", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00007-00003769-00004065": "at the entrance of the tunnel", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00008-00004065-00004372": "in the beginning of the spring", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00009-00004433-00004681": "available / ongoing, current", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00010-00004870-00005658": "The cheek, head, breasts, mouth, ear and hands are parts of the body", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00011-00005658-00006194": "but in this case they have turned into postpositions.", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00012-00006289-00006590": "See sentence examples.", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00013-00006633-00007161": "Think how you would say the same things in your native language.", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00014-00007738-00008279": "Birds have started singing in the beginning of spring.", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00015-00009204-00009657": "Matti and Leena walked side by side.", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00016-00010567-00011064": "Boats in harbor are side by side.", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00017-00011836-00012316": "The car was left on the side of the road.", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00018-00013342-00013882": "The beach was a short distance from the hotel.", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00019-00014853-00015388": "At the end of the pier is a nice place for fishing.", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00020-00016239-00016800": "The car key is in the ignition.", "13pEk0Z0-Rk-00021-00017659-00018121": "The current problem is complicatied."}}, {"audio_id": "13eTJZV7Sso", "text": {"13eTJZV7Sso-00000-00000000-00000366": "Hello and Welcome to the new video", "13eTJZV7Sso-00001-00000366-00001570": "Today we are going to try this challenge that lot of people did before us so we wanted to give it a shot as well", "13eTJZV7Sso-00003-00001620-00002086": "Im here with Vasek Kolar and Vasek", "13eTJZV7Sso-00004-00002086-00002436": "In today we will try to jump as far as we can on enduro bikes", "13eTJZV7Sso-00006-00004290-00004740": "So let's build the kicker first", "13eTJZV7Sso-00007-00004740-00005566": "It's gonna be a quick build but I have a good idea so it should be no problem", "13eTJZV7Sso-00008-00006086-00006594": "It's gonna look like this I just hope the screws are long enough", "13eTJZV7Sso-00009-00006868-00007995": "We don't have too much time today so it's not only a ghetto build but also a really quick one", "13eTJZV7Sso-00010-00008042-00008926": "It's all about the function and I think this is gonna work great", "13eTJZV7Sso-00011-00009726-00010364": "You gotta trust would you build so so I have to also test it now", "13eTJZV7Sso-00013-00010584-00011088": "It's gonna look something like this", "13eTJZV7Sso-00014-00011556-00011974": "It's gonna look like this", "13eTJZV7Sso-00016-00012268-00012440": "It hurts now already", "13eTJZV7Sso-00017-00012566-00013602": "The whole idea is that we have these screws on the landing board", "13eTJZV7Sso-00018-00013640-00014358": "So if you're not gonna make it it should be pretty clear", "13eTJZV7Sso-00019-00014380-00014972": "I would almost forget about the main price", "13eTJZV7Sso-00020-00015040-00016134": "So whoever jums furthest will get this awesome looking donut so that should be an extra motivation for you guys", "13eTJZV7Sso-00021-00016262-00016802": "So the setup is ready and we have mark some distances for now", "13eTJZV7Sso-00022-00016802-00017124": "We start with 2 meters then we have 3, 4, 5,", "13eTJZV7Sso-00023-00017144-00017832": "But I hope we will make it all the way over there", "13eTJZV7Sso-00025-00017922-00018424": "Rock paper scissor to who goes first", "13eTJZV7Sso-00029-00019302-00019732": "So I'm going first then Vasek number one Vasek number 2", "13eTJZV7Sso-00030-00020638-00020842": "Quite chill", "13eTJZV7Sso-00031-00020994-00021550": "2 meters are done so let's move it to 3 meters for now", "13eTJZV7Sso-00034-00023594-00023698": "easy", "13eTJZV7Sso-00035-00024238-00024664": "One more thing how many tries do we have?", "13eTJZV7Sso-00036-00024786-00025434": "I was hoping but if you don't make it it will be quite clear", "13eTJZV7Sso-00037-00025540-00026156": "But if you don't make it and you don't get flat I guess you're still in", "13eTJZV7Sso-00042-00028489-00028750": "That was quite close already", "13eTJZV7Sso-00043-00028750-00029024": "Another meter is going to be bad", "13eTJZV7Sso-00046-00030504-00030722": "He made it easy but", "13eTJZV7Sso-00047-00030742-00031400": "You kind of pull the bike up last second that was really funny", "13eTJZV7Sso-00048-00031489-00031998": "So now this is gonna be 6.6 meters", "13eTJZV7Sso-00049-00032038-00032400": "So let's make it 666", "13eTJZV7Sso-00050-00032586-00033068": "Of this cheaply made kicker", "13eTJZV7Sso-00054-00034138-00034358": "This is getting tough", "13eTJZV7Sso-00056-00034936-00035564": "We are getting close I guess", "13eTJZV7Sso-00057-00035668-00036438": "We should do some cool numbers now so let's do 720 like my favorite trick", "13eTJZV7Sso-00060-00037898-00038098": "It was about this close", "13eTJZV7Sso-00061-00038176-00038844": "That moment that someone will get flat is coming at least I hope so", "13eTJZV7Sso-00063-00039034-00039364": "I thought it was gonna happen already", "13eTJZV7Sso-00064-00039466-00039778": "I'm afraid is gonna happen now", "13eTJZV7Sso-00065-00039878-00040188": "8 meters long that's gonna be nice", "13eTJZV7Sso-00066-00040188-00040456": "I don't wanna go anymore", "13eTJZV7Sso-00068-00041312-00041638": "Absolute bottom out on everything", "13eTJZV7Sso-00069-00041782-00042000": "8 was too much wasn't it", "13eTJZV7Sso-00070-00042032-00042658": "I wanted to pump up the shock but I forgot the pump", "13eTJZV7Sso-00071-00042682-00043010": "So it's really soft for this kind of stuff", "13eTJZV7Sso-00072-00043096-00043698": "What should I do after seeing this", "13eTJZV7Sso-00073-00044200-00044400": "What happened", "13eTJZV7Sso-00075-00044646-00044940": "You didn't get flat", "13eTJZV7Sso-00077-00045130-00045434": "I think I'm done", "13eTJZV7Sso-00078-00045434-00045744": "I don't know what it means so are you still in", "13eTJZV7Sso-00079-00045744-00046048": "Let him go and if it doesn't get flat I will give it another try", "13eTJZV7Sso-00083-00047104-00047402": "Did you get flat or not", "13eTJZV7Sso-00085-00047610-00047710": "Look", "13eTJZV7Sso-00087-00048184-00048472": "This is a betrayal", "13eTJZV7Sso-00088-00048472-00049160": "U both landed on it and no one got a flat", "13eTJZV7Sso-00089-00049212-00049720": "I want that hawkeye, I'm sure I cleared it", "13eTJZV7Sso-00090-00049770-00050680": "So the concept actually work in the end it wasn't as flashy as I thought but someone finally got a flat", "13eTJZV7Sso-00093-00051286-00051478": "Great well done", "13eTJZV7Sso-00094-00051529-00051872": "That's the distance you said we will make", "13eTJZV7Sso-00095-00051991-00052474": "So we made it here at least the prediction was good", "13eTJZV7Sso-00097-00052890-00053220": "8.5 meters is actually quite far", "13eTJZV7Sso-00098-00053436-00053629": "That's a bombshell right", "13eTJZV7Sso-00099-00053724-00053898": "Come on come on", "13eTJZV7Sso-00100-00055012-00055267": "I even had a bit of a clearance there right", "13eTJZV7Sso-00103-00055791-00056229": "I went full speed this time and it actually wasn't too bad", "13eTJZV7Sso-00104-00056700-00056982": "I don't know what happened", "13eTJZV7Sso-00105-00056982-00057328": "I think he landed on the board but on the side without the screws", "13eTJZV7Sso-00107-00057412-00057955": "Let's check the go pro shot then", "13eTJZV7Sso-00109-00058484-00059267": "So you were right he landed on the board  but miss the screws so we will give him another try", "13eTJZV7Sso-00112-00060310-00060922": "I think I can still make it a little bit further", "13eTJZV7Sso-00114-00061172-00061408": "Let's try another half a meter", "13eTJZV7Sso-00115-00061446-00061686": "How much is it now", "13eTJZV7Sso-00116-00061686-00061952": "OK let's try 9 meters", "13eTJZV7Sso-00117-00061964-00062644": "And we will see if it's gonna still work", "13eTJZV7Sso-00121-00063264-00063678": "9 meters that looks even quite far from here", "13eTJZV7Sso-00123-00063784-00064367": "It doesn't seem that far but from this kicker that is a different thing", "13eTJZV7Sso-00124-00064466-00064704": "It's also getting quite dark", "13eTJZV7Sso-00126-00064812-00065205": "Yeah it's dark so let's do this one and end it then", "13eTJZV7Sso-00127-00065255-00065646": "Shouldn't we move it a little bit further maybe to like 10 meters", "13eTJZV7Sso-00128-00065646-00065840": "Yeah let's do that", "13eTJZV7Sso-00134-00068106-00068638": "When you will edit this you will find out something", "13eTJZV7Sso-00135-00068848-00069322": "Did you make it longer no you did not", "13eTJZV7Sso-00137-00069372-00069502": "A little bit", "13eTJZV7Sso-00139-00069728-00070170": "now this main trophy this awesome donut", "13eTJZV7Sso-00142-00070500-00071640": "It belongs to me but I'm going to share it with you guys because you did all this with me", "13eTJZV7Sso-00147-00072684-00073346": "Alright that's it for this video", "13eTJZV7Sso-00148-00073346-00073526": "thanks to Vasek and Vasek", "13eTJZV7Sso-00149-00073526-00074220": "And once again it proves that bikes are really fun", "13eTJZV7Sso-00150-00074234-00074900": "It looked like a really stupid idea at first but we actually had a lot of fun", "13eTJZV7Sso-00151-00074920-00075180": "I'm surprised how far we and mainly you made it", "13eTJZV7Sso-00153-00075530-00076028": "Alright that's it thanks a lot for watching and see you next time cheers", "13eTJZV7Sso-00154-00076028-00076654": "METAL"}}, {"audio_id": "13IUeMtrJsE", "text": {"13IUeMtrJsE-00000-00000739-00001152": "hello everyone, welcome or welcome back to my YouTube channel. So,", "13IUeMtrJsE-00001-00001152-00002082": "for todays video is a highly requested video from filipino workers here in Hungary. I received", "13IUeMtrJsE-00002-00002154-00002862": "a lot of messages and comment on my YouTube channel from my previous videos that I was", "13IUeMtrJsE-00003-00002976-00003618": "mentioning about converting Philippine driving license to Hungarian Driving License. But that was", "13IUeMtrJsE-00004-00003618-00004284": "year 2021 so it is not the requirements right now, there's a lot of updates and more requirements you", "13IUeMtrJsE-00005-00004284-00005082": "know. So in this video, I am going to discuss and going to mention the requirements for 2023", "13IUeMtrJsE-00006-00005082-00005544": "converting your philippine driving license to Hungarian driving license. So first you", "13IUeMtrJsE-00007-00005544-00008682": "need Residence Permit/work permit. Second, you need address card. And then you need philippine", "13IUeMtrJsE-00008-00008682-00009498": "driving license at least 1 year validity. And then you need, medical certificate that you", "13IUeMtrJsE-00009-00009498-00012180": "are fit to drive. Next, you need passport. And you need International driving license issued", "13IUeMtrJsE-00010-00012180-00013824": "According to 1949 GENEVA Convention Format. The automobile association of the Philippines website", "13IUeMtrJsE-00011-00013986-00014669": "stating that the VIENNA convention format is for Europe but it is wrong because it is not following", "13IUeMtrJsE-00012-00014669-00016662": "the requirements here in Hungary. And then you need as well the LTO Certificate stating the", "13IUeMtrJsE-00013-00016662-00017412": "exact date when each category was received. This certificate has to be apostilled and officially", "13IUeMtrJsE-00014-00017412-00021324": "translated by the Hungarian embassy if you are in the Philippines. If you are in Hungary already,", "13IUeMtrJsE-00015-00021654-00026177": "you can go to the Translation Office in Budapest."}}, {"audio_id": "147kW78SeS4", "text": {"147kW78SeS4-00000-00000094-00000298": "» SMITH: It seems to me that Chapter Ten begins", "147kW78SeS4-00001-00000298-00000968": "to raise the question of the historical context and the historical specificity of capitalism,", "147kW78SeS4-00002-00000968-00001409": "around the working-day in Chapter Ten, but in the context of machinery, in the context of labor", "147kW78SeS4-00003-00001409-00001975": "in the context of the relation to nature and in many other ways.", "147kW78SeS4-00004-00001975-00002340": "Until of course we get to", "147kW78SeS4-00005-00002340-00002584": "the general theory of capital accumulation, where", "147kW78SeS4-00006-00002584-00002963": "you couldn't have that argument without that historical", "147kW78SeS4-00007-00002963-00003675": "contextualization, together with the analytical work that went into the early chapters.", "147kW78SeS4-00008-00003675-00003946": "It seems to me that that chapter", "147kW78SeS4-00009-00003946-00004182": "is the crucial chapter in Volume One.", "147kW78SeS4-00010-00004182-00004765": "» HARVEY: Yeah, it's the culmination of the argument of Volume One,", "147kW78SeS4-00011-00004765-00004985": "What you're saying is really", "147kW78SeS4-00012-00004985-00005609": "interesting and important to grasp, which is the relationship in this book,", "147kW78SeS4-00013-00005609-00006333": "between the theoretical logic and the historical circumstances,", "147kW78SeS4-00014-00006333-00006706": "And sometimes you get a little bit confused as to whether he's making a historical argument", "147kW78SeS4-00015-00006706-00007092": "or a logical argument, sometimes he's making both together.", "147kW78SeS4-00016-00007092-00007861": "So there's an interesting dialogue, dialectic, if you like, between that.", "147kW78SeS4-00017-00007861-00008353": "In the chapter on the working-day, what you see", "147kW78SeS4-00018-00008353-00008663": "is a confrontation with actually existing circumstances,", "147kW78SeS4-00019-00008663-00008900": "it's very historical.", "147kW78SeS4-00020-00008900-00009324": "But you couldn't understand it unless you really understood the theoretical", "147kW78SeS4-00021-00009324-00009614": "underpinning of it, which is: why is it", "147kW78SeS4-00022-00009614-00010021": "that capitalists are so obsessed with other people's time?", "147kW78SeS4-00023-00010021-00010486": "and what does it mean to be in a situation: I am a worker and have", "147kW78SeS4-00024-00010486-00010689": "somebody else totally obsessed", "147kW78SeS4-00025-00010689-00011249": "with commanding my time and commanding every second of it? So, at that point", "147kW78SeS4-00026-00011249-00011793": "the two really merge together, both the theoretical and the historical.", "147kW78SeS4-00027-00011793-00011897": "Now, when you get to", "147kW78SeS4-00028-00011897-00012462": "the general law of capitalist accumulation, there are number of complicated things going on,", "147kW78SeS4-00029-00012462-00012789": "there's the theoretical argument,", "147kW78SeS4-00030-00012789-00013090": "which actually stretches right back to the beginning,", "147kW78SeS4-00031-00013090-00013456": "where you have to remember that this book is about", "147kW78SeS4-00032-00013456-00013783": "a critique of political economy.", "147kW78SeS4-00033-00013783-00014136": "And what was it that the political economists were saying?", "147kW78SeS4-00034-00014136-00014646": "The political economists were saying, in aggregate:", "147kW78SeS4-00035-00014646-00015280": "let the free market do its work and everything will be okay.", "147kW78SeS4-00036-00015280-00015862": "They weren't all saying that but there was a free market utopianism around", "147kW78SeS4-00037-00015862-00016519": "in Marx's time, and Marx said: alright, let's assume that you constructed your utopia", "147kW78SeS4-00038-00016519-00016999": "- and it's interesting that that utopian vision of the market doing its work has been around", "147kW78SeS4-00039-00016999-00017233": "us over the last 20-30 years,", "147kW78SeS4-00040-00017233-00017739": "as we're told again and again and again: let the market do its work and everything will be okay-", "147kW78SeS4-00041-00017739-00018045": "what Marx does in this chapter is to say,", "147kW78SeS4-00042-00018045-00018436": "what will happen if we let the market do its work?", "147kW78SeS4-00043-00018436-00019209": "The first thing is that you get more and more monopoly, which you're not supposed to have.", "147kW78SeS4-00044-00019209-00019697": "The idea is that capitalism should be competitive, what Marx is showing is in the utopian kind", "147kW78SeS4-00045-00019697-00020138": "of free market, what you get is in the end the big ones dominate.", "147kW78SeS4-00046-00020138-00020507": "Of course, one of the things that's interesting to look at in our own history over the last", "147kW78SeS4-00047-00020507-00020778": "30 years is the degree to which", "147kW78SeS4-00048-00020778-00021042": "we've been preached a lot about free market, but at the same time", "147kW78SeS4-00049-00021042-00021342": "the incredible consolidation that's going on in terms of", "147kW78SeS4-00050-00021342-00022016": "oligopolies, in terms of pharmaceuticals and energy and all the rest of it.", "147kW78SeS4-00051-00022016-00022580": "So it's self-destructive, he says this is a self-destructive utopian vision. It's unstable and", "147kW78SeS4-00052-00022580-00022930": "it's always going to end up in monopoly. The second thing is:", "147kW78SeS4-00053-00022930-00023399": "will it work to the benefit of the worker? Because that's what we've been told,", "147kW78SeS4-00054-00023399-00023839": "that if you let the free market do its work then, you, the worker will benefit. But what Marx", "147kW78SeS4-00055-00023839-00024137": "shows is: no, that's not going to happen at all,", "147kW78SeS4-00056-00024137-00024645": "what happens in a free market society, if you push it that way, is that the rich get incredibly", "147kW78SeS4-00057-00024645-00024897": "richer and the poor get incredibly poorer.", "147kW78SeS4-00058-00024897-00025174": "And of course what's happened over the last 30 years?", "147kW78SeS4-00059-00025174-00025685": "The rich have gotten incredibly richer and the poor have gotten incredibly poorer.", "147kW78SeS4-00060-00025685-00026125": "But what Marx does is to prove, rigorously, that actually", "147kW78SeS4-00061-00026125-00026536": "this is what the free-market capitalism will produce.", "147kW78SeS4-00062-00026536-00026875": "More and more monopoly and more and more social inequality.", "147kW78SeS4-00063-00026875-00027210": "And I think that these two propositions that came out of Chapter 25,", "147kW78SeS4-00064-00027210-00027572": "were predictions of what would happen if you went in that direction.", "147kW78SeS4-00065-00027572-00028137": "Of course, in the 1950s-60 capitalism was not organized", "147kW78SeS4-00066-00028137-00028633": "along this highly competitive rat race kind of line, since the 1970s it has.", "147kW78SeS4-00067-00028633-00029058": "And so what we've seen is coming back closer and closer to Marx his prediction,", "147kW78SeS4-00068-00029058-00029377": "and I think this is a crucial chapter", "147kW78SeS4-00069-00029377-00029649": "to understand both the theoretical argument", "147kW78SeS4-00070-00029649-00029933": "and relationship with that, and the practical argument.", "147kW78SeS4-00071-00029933-00030270": "But the practical argument is contingent: it doesn't say", "147kW78SeS4-00072-00030270-00030630": "capitalism is bound to end up this way, it says: capitalism will only end up this way", "147kW78SeS4-00073-00030630-00031041": "if you believe that myth about the freedom of market being", "147kW78SeS4-00074-00031041-00031738": "the gods to which we have bow down and to whom we have to pay obeisance.", "147kW78SeS4-00075-00031738-00032180": "So, I think it's a brilliant chapter in that way, and right now, I think it's devastatingly", "147kW78SeS4-00076-00032180-00032446": "right and it's so obviously true", "147kW78SeS4-00077-00032446-00032866": "that this is what has happened and this is what's going on. So I always find", "147kW78SeS4-00078-00032866-00033237": "that chapter a great moment in Capital, to say this is a culmination of his argument", "147kW78SeS4-00079-00033237-00033404": "of Volume One", "147kW78SeS4-00080-00033404-00033736": "and this is where you're going to get to if you go this path,", "147kW78SeS4-00081-00033736-00034089": "and wow! everybody gets it immediately,", "147kW78SeS4-00082-00034089-00034427": "yeah, we can see how that's happened!", "147kW78SeS4-00083-00036106-00036384": "What Marx does is to try to put together", "147kW78SeS4-00084-00036540-00037303": "a synthetic model, if you like, of how a capitalist system works,", "147kW78SeS4-00085-00037303-00037634": "and what its dynamics are like.", "147kW78SeS4-00086-00037634-00038228": "In chapter 23,", "147kW78SeS4-00087-00038228-00038652": "he looks at that from the standpoint of the reproduction of the class-", "147kW78SeS4-00088-00038652-00038990": "relation between capital and labor. And you notice", "147kW78SeS4-00089-00038990-00039421": "Marx is much more interested in the question of social reproduction than he is", "147kW78SeS4-00090-00039421-00039897": "in the question of the technical means by which it is done.", "147kW78SeS4-00091-00040027-00040393": "Chapter 24 looks at", "147kW78SeS4-00092-00040393-00040938": "the implications of capital accumulation from the standpoint of the capitalist,", "147kW78SeS4-00093-00040938-00041338": "so for a fleeting moment in chapter 24 you feel sorry for the capitalists caught", "147kW78SeS4-00094-00041338-00042100": "in this Faustian dilemma of having to consume or having to reinvest.", "147kW78SeS4-00095-00042100-00042444": "And you also see that,", "147kW78SeS4-00096-00042444-00042821": "given the coercive laws of competition, that", "147kW78SeS4-00097-00042821-00043163": "capitalists are not necessarily free to choose, as", "147kW78SeS4-00098-00043163-00043502": "Milton Friedman would hope they would be,", "147kW78SeS4-00099-00043502-00043959": "that they have to reinvest whether they like it or not,", "147kW78SeS4-00100-00043959-00044368": "and that therefore there is accumulation for accumulation's sake, production for production's sake.", "147kW78SeS4-00101-00044589-00045030": "The topic of chapter 25 is to look at", "147kW78SeS4-00102-00045030-00045550": "what this all means from the standpoint of the labourer,", "147kW78SeS4-00103-00045550-00046249": "and what it implies for the fate of the working class.", "147kW78SeS4-00104-00046249-00046486": "Here you will notice", "147kW78SeS4-00105-00046486-00047021": "that one of the assumptions we've started out with, that everything was traded at its value,", "147kW78SeS4-00106-00047021-00047480": "still holds except in the case of labor-power.", "147kW78SeS4-00107-00047480-00048267": "We're going to look at that now as something which is a bit flexible", "147kW78SeS4-00108-00048267-00048638": "and alike. As often happens with Marx, we've seen this in the chapter on the working-day,", "147kW78SeS4-00109-00048638-00049317": "but also in the passages on machinery and large-scale industry,", "147kW78SeS4-00110-00049317-00049836": "is that having derived a theoretical positionality,", "147kW78SeS4-00111-00049836-00050213": "what Marx then wants to do is to go out and say: can you see this actually at work in", "147kW78SeS4-00112-00050213-00050466": "the world around you?", "147kW78SeS4-00113-00050466-00050821": "So the last part of this chapter, section five,", "147kW78SeS4-00114-00050821-00051255": "is very much about 'yeah, here's the theory, now", "147kW78SeS4-00115-00051255-00051517": "when we go out there what do we see?'", "147kW78SeS4-00116-00051517-00051755": "The theory says that", "147kW78SeS4-00117-00051755-00052282": "it's absolutely essential, for capitalism to function, that there be an industrial reserve army,", "147kW78SeS4-00118-00052282-00052592": "a surplus of labor-power", "147kW78SeS4-00119-00052592-00052911": "and that the surplus of labour-power would not be kept", "147kW78SeS4-00120-00052911-00053201": "in a condition of great affluence but that", "147kW78SeS4-00121-00053201-00053661": "it'd be in a position of relative impoverishment.", "147kW78SeS4-00122-00053661-00054286": "So by looking at the conditions of labor power in", "147kW78SeS4-00123-00054286-00054830": "cities but also more importantly in terms of rural areas of Britain,", "147kW78SeS4-00124-00054830-00055516": "and then looking at the condition of the Irish in relationship to British industry,", "147kW78SeS4-00125-00055516-00056084": "you get some explanation why those", "147kW78SeS4-00126-00056084-00056541": "structures in the population, which can be identified historically at that time,", "147kW78SeS4-00127-00056541-00056751": "existed.", "147kW78SeS4-00128-00056751-00057279": "So the theory is connected to the historical realities", "147kW78SeS4-00129-00057279-00057507": "in this chapter.", "147kW78SeS4-00130-00057507-00058025": "I'm going to largely be concerned with the theory, but again I want to remind you", "147kW78SeS4-00131-00058025-00058528": "that the theory that Marx is going to lay out here", "147kW78SeS4-00132-00058528-00058876": "is not a theory devoid of assumptions.", "147kW78SeS4-00133-00058876-00059151": "The assumptions he started out with, that", "147kW78SeS4-00134-00059151-00059458": "there is no problem in the market,", "147kW78SeS4-00135-00059458-00060188": "the way in which the surplus gets divided up between interested and rent,", "147kW78SeS4-00136-00060188-00060427": "the profit of merchants capital,", "147kW78SeS4-00137-00060427-00060714": "taxes and all the rest of it, have no relevance", "147kW78SeS4-00138-00060714-00061185": "for the argument. In other words, we're just simply going to look at the relationship", "147kW78SeS4-00139-00061185-00061844": "between the capitalist class totality, and the working class.", "147kW78SeS4-00140-00061844-00061982": "And that is", "147kW78SeS4-00141-00061982-00062487": "an assumption which is not really warranted, in terms of what actually goes on", "147kW78SeS4-00142-00062487-00062670": "and what actually exists,", "147kW78SeS4-00143-00062670-00063000": "but it nevertheless is one which will help", "147kW78SeS4-00144-00063000-00063492": "us identify some of the basic dynamics with which Marx is concerned, as will", "147kW78SeS4-00145-00063492-00063823": "the assumption that there is no problem in the market.", "147kW78SeS4-00146-00064092-00065308": "Marx starts off, with introducing three concepts.", "147kW78SeS4-00147-00065308-00065479": "We've encountered", "147kW78SeS4-00148-00065479-00065892": "the concept of the organic composition of capital once before in Capital, but this is", "147kW78SeS4-00149-00065892-00066490": "the first time that they're being laid out in general.", "147kW78SeS4-00150-00066490-00066738": "And i have to say, actually you could", "147kW78SeS4-00151-00066738-00066988": "construct this argument here", "147kW78SeS4-00152-00066988-00067502": "without these three concepts if you really needed to.", "147kW78SeS4-00153-00067502-00067801": "But they're crucial to Marx's thinking,", "147kW78SeS4-00154-00067801-00068195": "particularly when it comes to Volume Three of Capital", "147kW78SeS4-00155-00068195-00068429": "and they have been crucial", "147kW78SeS4-00156-00068429-00068849": "in a lot of the argument that is going on as to how to understand", "147kW78SeS4-00157-00068849-00069275": "Marx his general theory of dynamics of capitalism.", "147kW78SeS4-00158-00069275-00069776": "So, we need to spend just a little bit of time on them.", "147kW78SeS4-00159-00069776-00070363": "He starts off by saying:", "147kW78SeS4-00160-00070363-00070783": "“The composition of capital is to be understood in a twofold sense.”", "147kW78SeS4-00161-00070783-00071249": "The trouble is he then goes on immediately to identify it in a threefold sense.", "147kW78SeS4-00162-00071249-00071541": "The twofold sense: “As value, it is", "147kW78SeS4-00163-00071541-00071921": "determined by the proportion in which it is divided into constant capital,", "147kW78SeS4-00164-00071921-00072141": "or the value of the means of production,", "147kW78SeS4-00165-00072141-00072646": "and variable capital, or the value of labour-power, the sum total of wages.”", "147kW78SeS4-00166-00072646-00072990": "He then goes on", "147kW78SeS4-00167-00072990-00073435": "to talk about the physical composition of capital", "147kW78SeS4-00168-00073435-00073842": "which he calls the “technical composition of capital”.", "147kW78SeS4-00169-00073842-00074200": "And he insists, he says, “There is a close correlation between the two.", "147kW78SeS4-00170-00074200-00074530": "To express this, I call the value-composition of capital,", "147kW78SeS4-00171-00074530-00075044": "in so far as it is determined by its technical composition and mirrors the changes in the latter,", "147kW78SeS4-00172-00075044-00075381": "the organic composition of capital.", "147kW78SeS4-00173-00075381-00075723": "Wherever I refer to the composition of capital, without further qualification,", "147kW78SeS4-00174-00075723-00076309": "its organic composition is always understood.”", "147kW78SeS4-00175-00076309-00076617": "Now, what does this really amount to?", "147kW78SeS4-00176-00076617-00077012": "We have, first of all,", "147kW78SeS4-00177-00077012-00077712": "technical composition,", "147kW78SeS4-00178-00078097-00079114": "the technical composition is the physical productivity of labour.", "147kW78SeS4-00179-00079114-00079839": "And it's typical measure would be", "147kW78SeS4-00180-00079839-00080309": "the number of widgets produced per worker-hour,", "147kW78SeS4-00181-00080309-00080581": "tons of steel produced per worker-hour,", "147kW78SeS4-00182-00080581-00080814": "a very physical thing.", "147kW78SeS4-00183-00080814-00081012": "And obviously", "147kW78SeS4-00184-00081012-00081517": "technological change alters these physical ratios,", "147kW78SeS4-00185-00081763-00082176": "increasing productivity means that the number of widgets per hour increases,", "147kW78SeS4-00186-00082176-00082692": "so it's a physical thing.", "147kW78SeS4-00187-00082692-00083392": "The value composition,", "147kW78SeS4-00188-00083566-00084531": "how much the capitalist lays out for means of production versus labor power.", "147kW78SeS4-00189-00084531-00084748": "And the value of composition", "147kW78SeS4-00190-00084748-00085204": "is really equivalent to 'C over V'.", "147kW78SeS4-00191-00085204-00086040": "That is, if 'C' is the total amount of value, which you have to lay out in terms of", "147kW78SeS4-00192-00086040-00086412": "gaining access to means of production,", "147kW78SeS4-00193-00086412-00086919": "the raw materials, machinery and all the rest of it.", "147kW78SeS4-00194-00086919-00087227": "And 'V' is the variable capital", "147kW78SeS4-00195-00087227-00087919": "which you have to lay out, which depends on the value of labor power.", "147kW78SeS4-00196-00087919-00089113": "The organic composition is this value composition", "147kW78SeS4-00197-00089113-00090234": "insofar as it is affected by changes in physical productivity.", "147kW78SeS4-00198-00090234-00090419": "Now, let us", "147kW78SeS4-00199-00090419-00091184": "indicate straight-out that there are some problems with this idea.", "147kW78SeS4-00200-00091184-00091361": "First:", "147kW78SeS4-00201-00091361-00092846": "is this an internal measure, or an internal effect within the firm?", "147kW78SeS4-00202-00092846-00093034": "Within the firm,", "147kW78SeS4-00203-00093034-00093477": "I change my productivity i.e. my technical composition,", "147kW78SeS4-00204-00093477-00093757": "I therefore", "147kW78SeS4-00205-00093757-00094223": "have to go out into the market and I have to buy more means of production and maybe", "147kW78SeS4-00206-00094223-00094590": "less labour-power. So,", "147kW78SeS4-00207-00094590-00095174": "as a particular entrepreneur in a particular industry,", "147kW78SeS4-00208-00095174-00095448": "that ratio 'C over V'", "147kW78SeS4-00209-00095448-00096104": "that I'm utilizing, may change for that reason.", "147kW78SeS4-00210-00096104-00097559": "But then there are external measures, external effects,", "147kW78SeS4-00211-00097559-00097766": "let's suppose that", "147kW78SeS4-00212-00097766-00098095": "there's technological change going on", "147kW78SeS4-00213-00098095-00098567": "in the production of intermediate inputs,", "147kW78SeS4-00214-00098567-00098890": "production of means of production.", "147kW78SeS4-00215-00098890-00099208": "That will mean", "147kW78SeS4-00216-00099208-00099722": "that I have to lay out less in the way of 'C' because the value of 'C' is falling, because of", "147kW78SeS4-00217-00099722-00100217": "the rising productivity in the industries that are producing", "147kW78SeS4-00218-00100217-00100504": "cotton thread, for example.", "147kW78SeS4-00219-00100504-00100849": "The industries that are producing cotton thread become much more productive, cotton", "147kW78SeS4-00220-00100849-00101018": "thread becomes much cheaper,", "147kW78SeS4-00221-00101018-00101398": "i have to lay out less in the way of 'C'.", "147kW78SeS4-00222-00101398-00101745": "Similarly, remember what happens to 'V',", "147kW78SeS4-00223-00101745-00102193": "as industries which are producing wage goods", "147kW78SeS4-00224-00102193-00102645": "increase in productivity, 'V' goes down.", "147kW78SeS4-00225-00102645-00103064": "So there are all kinds of interactive market effects", "147kW78SeS4-00226-00103064-00103305": "which could also go on", "147kW78SeS4-00227-00103305-00103648": "as a result of these technical changes,", "147kW78SeS4-00228-00103648-00104013": "changing the technical composition of capital", "147kW78SeS4-00229-00104013-00104213": "in a given industry", "147kW78SeS4-00230-00104213-00104774": "which is producing means of production for another industry,", "147kW78SeS4-00231-00104774-00105149": "these are going to affect the 'C over V' ratio.", "147kW78SeS4-00232-00105149-00105453": "Now, it's not clear", "147kW78SeS4-00233-00105453-00105899": "from Marx' presentation in this chapter whether he's talking about", "147kW78SeS4-00234-00105899-00106295": "internal measures only,", "147kW78SeS4-00235-00106295-00106800": "that is, not including all of these interaction effects, or whether he's", "147kW78SeS4-00236-00106800-00107266": "also including all of these interaction effects. In fact,", "147kW78SeS4-00237-00107266-00107357": "he does", "147kW78SeS4-00238-00107357-00107632": "at some point indicate", "147kW78SeS4-00239-00107632-00108263": "he understands there may be interaction effects, but these interaction effects", "147kW78SeS4-00240-00108263-00108588": "are in his view relatively muted, for reasons that we'll", "147kW78SeS4-00241-00108588-00108817": "come back to.", "147kW78SeS4-00242-00108817-00109141": "Now, there is a third possibility,", "147kW78SeS4-00243-00109141-00109673": "that is the value composition of capital, 'C over V',", "147kW78SeS4-00244-00109673-00110182": "is subject to all kinds of other influences.", "147kW78SeS4-00245-00110182-00110954": "For example the discovery of a new set of resources (new oil wells),", "147kW78SeS4-00246-00110954-00111332": "so that suddenly the cost of acquiring", "147kW78SeS4-00247-00111332-00111661": "a raw material goes down,", "147kW78SeS4-00248-00111661-00112063": "bad harvests over a series of years in which case the value of", "147kW78SeS4-00249-00112063-00112323": "cotton rises,", "147kW78SeS4-00250-00112323-00112686": "the value of wheat is rising right now", "147kW78SeS4-00251-00112686-00112901": "for those kinds of reasons.", "147kW78SeS4-00252-00112901-00113288": "But we also saw in the chapter", "147kW78SeS4-00253-00113288-00113746": "earlier where there are all sorts of other ways in which capitalists can gain surplus-", "147kW78SeS4-00254-00113746-00113980": "value:", "147kW78SeS4-00255-00113980-00114267": "Free goods,", "147kW78SeS4-00256-00114267-00114463": "second-hand machinery, for example,", "147kW78SeS4-00257-00114463-00114863": "or machinery which is out outdated but which you can continue", "147kW78SeS4-00258-00114863-00115217": "to employ for free, so there's all sorts of other", "147kW78SeS4-00259-00115217-00115635": "elements in here that can affect the value composition.", "147kW78SeS4-00260-00115635-00115779": "So we can", "147kW78SeS4-00261-00115779-00116228": "actually suggest that there is a good reason why Marx distinguished between value composition", "147kW78SeS4-00262-00116228-00116599": "and organic composition.", "147kW78SeS4-00263-00116599-00116852": "Because he wants to talk about the value composition", "147kW78SeS4-00264-00116852-00117172": "in so far as it's affected by", "147kW78SeS4-00265-00117172-00117533": "technical changes and organizational changes", "147kW78SeS4-00266-00117533-00117965": "that affect physical productivity. So the organic composition", "147kW78SeS4-00267-00117965-00118168": "refers to -that-,", "147kW78SeS4-00268-00118168-00118355": "the value composition", "147kW78SeS4-00269-00118355-00118694": "as it is affected by -this -.", "147kW78SeS4-00270-00118694-00118875": "But as I suggested", "147kW78SeS4-00271-00118875-00119109": "there's this ambiguity -here-", "147kW78SeS4-00272-00119109-00119660": "as to whether we should be concerned with", "147kW78SeS4-00273-00119660-00120060": "examining what happens in a given line of production or in a given firm,", "147kW78SeS4-00274-00120060-00120300": "or whether we're actually going to be looking at", "147kW78SeS4-00275-00120300-00120653": "the aggregate in the economy.", "147kW78SeS4-00276-00120653-00120938": "His view,", "147kW78SeS4-00277-00120938-00121320": "he says, is this:", "147kW78SeS4-00278-00121320-00121808": "“The many individual capitals invested in a particular branch of production", "147kW78SeS4-00279-00121808-00122345": "have compositions which differ from each other to a greater or lesser extent.”", "147kW78SeS4-00280-00122345-00122655": "Some lines of production are capital intensive,", "147kW78SeS4-00281-00122655-00123003": "or 'C' intensive, if you want to call it that, others are labour intensive", "147kW78SeS4-00282-00123003-00123241": "or 'V' intensive.", "147kW78SeS4-00283-00123241-00123613": "“The average of their individual compositions gives us the composition of the total capital", "147kW78SeS4-00284-00123613-00124047": "in the branch of production under consideration.", "147kW78SeS4-00285-00124047-00124516": "Finally, the average of all the average compositions in all branches of production gives us", "147kW78SeS4-00286-00124516-00124795": "the composition of the total social capital of a country…”", "147kW78SeS4-00287-00124795-00125210": "-notice: this is a country, it's not over the world-", "147kW78SeS4-00288-00125210-00125777": "\"…and it is with this alone that we are concerned here in the final analysis.”", "147kW78SeS4-00289-00125777-00126052": "It seems like he's saying", "147kW78SeS4-00290-00126052-00126752": "both the internal and external after they're all taken into account", "147kW78SeS4-00291-00126894-00127044": "run together,", "147kW78SeS4-00292-00127044-00127314": "that those should be", "147kW78SeS4-00293-00127314-00127779": "what I understand by organic composition.", "147kW78SeS4-00294-00127779-00128303": "At this point he just lays out these questions,", "147kW78SeS4-00295-00128303-00128830": "before he then goes on to talk through", "147kW78SeS4-00296-00128830-00129108": "what in effect is", "147kW78SeS4-00297-00129108-00129946": "a simple first model of accumulation dynamics.", "147kW78SeS4-00298-00129946-00130139": "And the argument goes like this:", "147kW78SeS4-00299-00130139-00130496": "the capitalist has", "147kW78SeS4-00300-00130496-00130944": "surplus-value at the end of the day,", "147kW78SeS4-00301-00130944-00131637": "some of this surplus-value is going to be re-accumulated.", "147kW78SeS4-00302-00131637-00132008": "For the moment we're going to assume there's no technical change,", "147kW78SeS4-00303-00132008-00132545": "no change in productivity .", "147kW78SeS4-00304-00132545-00133176": "If part of that surplus-value is going to be reinvested then you need more labour,", "147kW78SeS4-00305-00133176-00133468": "therefore, says Marx,", "147kW78SeS4-00306-00133468-00134087": "accumulation of capital means, as he says on page 764:", "147kW78SeS4-00307-00134087-00134347": "“multiplication of the proletariat.”", "147kW78SeS4-00308-00134347-00135227": "An increase in the number of the wage labourers.", "147kW78SeS4-00309-00135306-00135742": "Where does this labour surplus come from?", "147kW78SeS4-00310-00135742-00136310": "So he then goes through scurrilous views of Mandeville and others,", "147kW78SeS4-00311-00136310-00136573": "and suggests that Mandeville was more honest than some of the people", "147kW78SeS4-00312-00136573-00136873": "who came after him, in recognizing", "147kW78SeS4-00313-00136873-00137525": "that what is necessary for such a system to work is that there be a pool", "147kW78SeS4-00314-00137525-00137961": "of impoverished non-workers", "147kW78SeS4-00315-00137961-00138430": "to be absorbed into it,", "147kW78SeS4-00316-00138430-00139130": "thus continuing the expansion of capital.", "147kW78SeS4-00317-00139231-00139660": "He says on page 765: “What Mandeville, an honest man with a clear mind,", "147kW78SeS4-00318-00139660-00140122": "had not yet grasped was the fact that the mechanism of the accumulation process itself", "147kW78SeS4-00319-00140122-00140569": "not only increases the amount of capital but also the mass of the 'labouring poor'", "147kW78SeS4-00320-00140569-00140775": "i.e. the wage-labourers,", "147kW78SeS4-00321-00140775-00141475": "who turn their labour-power into a force for increasing the valorization of the growing capital…”", "147kW78SeS4-00322-00141760-00142303": "This then leads Marx into", "147kW78SeS4-00323-00142303-00142571": "the beginnings of a discussion of Malthus", "147kW78SeS4-00324-00142571-00142881": "and of course,", "147kW78SeS4-00325-00142881-00143581": "the long footnote six on p.766 is given over to", "147kW78SeS4-00326-00143679-00144548": "the superficial plagiarism of Malthus and the like in terms of his theory", "147kW78SeS4-00327-00144548-00144916": "of population and how “the hour of the Protestant parsons struck”.", "147kW78SeS4-00328-00145408-00145676": "He then comes back on p.768,", "147kW78SeS4-00329-00145841-00146574": "to say this: “Under the conditions of accumulation we have assumed so far…\"", "147kW78SeS4-00330-00146574-00146835": "-notice 'assumed '-", "147kW78SeS4-00331-00146835-00147144": "\"…conditions which are the most favourable to the workers,", "147kW78SeS4-00332-00147144-00147346": "their relation of dependence on capital", "147kW78SeS4-00333-00147346-00148019": "takes on forms which are endurable or, as Eden says, 'easy and liberal'.”", "147kW78SeS4-00334-00148019-00148289": "That it can, in fact,", "147kW78SeS4-00335-00148289-00148705": "as this accumulation process goes on at the time,", "147kW78SeS4-00336-00148705-00149038": "absorb the surplus labour and start lead to", "147kW78SeS4-00337-00149038-00149665": "conditions of rising wages, so on p.769 he says:", "147kW78SeS4-00338-00149665-00150023": "there can be “A rise in the price of labour,", "147kW78SeS4-00339-00150023-00150408": "as a consequence of the accumulation of capital, only means in fact that", "147kW78SeS4-00340-00150408-00150890": "the length and weight of the golden chain the wage-labourer has already forged for himself", "147kW78SeS4-00341-00150890-00151577": "allow it to be loosened somewhat.”", "147kW78SeS4-00342-00151577-00152170": "At the bottom he makes this other point: “it is clear that at the best of times", "147kW78SeS4-00343-00152170-00152667": "an increase in wages means only a quantitative reduction in the amount of unpaid labour", "147kW78SeS4-00344-00152667-00152911": "the worker has to supply.", "147kW78SeS4-00345-00152911-00153714": "This reduction can never go so far as to threaten the system itself.”", "147kW78SeS4-00346-00153714-00153843": "Then he mentions", "147kW78SeS4-00347-00153843-00154104": "“Apart from violent conflicts…” and so on.", "147kW78SeS4-00348-00154104-00154247": "And he says this,", "147kW78SeS4-00349-00154247-00154723": "on p.770: “Either the price of labour keeps on rising, because its rise", "147kW78SeS4-00350-00154723-00155368": "does not interfere with the progress of accumulation.”", "147kW78SeS4-00351-00155368-00155462": "About ten lines down:", "147kW78SeS4-00352-00155462-00155921": "“Or, the other alternative, accumulation slackens as a result of the rise", "147kW78SeS4-00353-00155921-00156295": "in the price of labour, because the stimulus of gain is blunted.", "147kW78SeS4-00354-00156295-00156632": "The rate of accumulation lessens; but this means that", "147kW78SeS4-00355-00156632-00157022": "the primary cause of that lessening itself vanishes,", "147kW78SeS4-00356-00157022-00157382": "i.e. the disproportion between capital and exploitable labour-power.", "147kW78SeS4-00357-00157382-00157716": "The mechanism of the capitalist production process", "147kW78SeS4-00358-00157716-00158183": "removes the very obstacles it temporarily creates.", "147kW78SeS4-00359-00158183-00158463": "The price of labour falls again to a level", "147kW78SeS4-00360-00158463-00158983": "corresponding with capital's requirements for self-valorization,…”", "147kW78SeS4-00361-00159527-00159747": "We can diagram this", "147kW78SeS4-00362-00159747-00160117": "in this way:", "147kW78SeS4-00363-00160117-00160817": "there's a certain accumulation of capital,", "147kW78SeS4-00364-00161231-00161624": "accumulation of surplus-value,", "147kW78SeS4-00365-00161624-00163342": "part of that surplus-value is capitalized, that is, it's converted back into capital.", "147kW78SeS4-00366-00163911-00165802": "This generates an increase in the demand for labour for labour-power.", "147kW78SeS4-00367-00165802-00166502": "Where is that increased demand going to come from? It's going to come from surplus population.", "147kW78SeS4-00368-00167722-00168243": "Over time, what will happen is there will be", "147kW78SeS4-00369-00168243-00168861": "an absorption", "147kW78SeS4-00370-00168861-00169177": "of this surplus population", "147kW78SeS4-00371-00169177-00169742": "and as the surplus population is increasingly absorbed,", "147kW78SeS4-00372-00169742-00170693": "so we will get rising wages,", "147kW78SeS4-00373-00170809-00171105": "which either does not interfere at all", "147kW78SeS4-00374-00171105-00171805": "with the accumulation process, or if it does,", "147kW78SeS4-00375-00171823-00173085": "means less surplus-value for the capitalist.", "147kW78SeS4-00376-00173085-00173191": "Which means", "147kW78SeS4-00377-00173191-00173607": "less surplus-value gets accumulated, which means there's less surplus-value", "147kW78SeS4-00378-00173607-00173857": "for reinvestment and capitalization.", "147kW78SeS4-00379-00173857-00174061": "To say nothing of the fact that,", "147kW78SeS4-00380-00174061-00174523": "capitalists looking at a situation of this kind will say: What's the point of me", "147kW78SeS4-00381-00174523-00174883": "going back into the market, paying all of that for labour? I'm not going to get much profit out", "147kW78SeS4-00382-00174883-00175257": "of it or surplus-value out of it so i'm not going to even bother. So the stimulus", "147kW78SeS4-00383-00175257-00176027": "to gain is blunted by the fact that wages have risen so high.", "147kW78SeS4-00384-00176027-00176354": "How could a situation of rising wages", "147kW78SeS4-00385-00176354-00177147": "not interfere with the accumulation of capital?", "147kW78SeS4-00386-00177147-00177315": "Can you remember", "147kW78SeS4-00387-00177315-00177736": "a situation where we discussed", "147kW78SeS4-00388-00177736-00178307": "that could happen?", "147kW78SeS4-00389-00178307-00178917": "In the theory of relative surplus-value,", "147kW78SeS4-00390-00178917-00179475": "where we argued, in a situation of increasing productivity gains", "147kW78SeS4-00391-00179475-00180043": "some of the productivity gains can to the worker in terms of an increased", "147kW78SeS4-00392-00180043-00180300": "standard of living.", "147kW78SeS4-00393-00180300-00180652": "So that you can get an increasing standard of living for the worker,", "147kW78SeS4-00394-00180652-00180937": "i.e. an increase in the value of labour-power", "147kW78SeS4-00395-00180937-00181302": "which is consistent with", "147kW78SeS4-00396-00181302-00181882": "an increasing rate of exploitation of labour.", "147kW78SeS4-00397-00181882-00182080": "So if there is", "147kW78SeS4-00398-00182080-00182526": "rising productivity going around this system then,", "147kW78SeS4-00399-00182526-00182895": "alright, wages can rise a little bit but we've still got plenty of (…)", "147kW78SeS4-00400-00182895-00183221": "in other words you don't get less surplus-value, you get more surplus-value", "147kW78SeS4-00401-00183221-00183504": "even though wages are rising.", "147kW78SeS4-00402-00183504-00183826": "But notice what this does,", "147kW78SeS4-00403-00183826-00184217": "it basically says that", "147kW78SeS4-00404-00184217-00184746": "inherent in capitalism is a kind of homeostatic adjustment mechanism", "147kW78SeS4-00405-00184746-00185457": "of the rate of accumulation and the wage rate.", "147kW78SeS4-00406-00185457-00185933": "That, if we looked at it", "147kW78SeS4-00407-00185933-00186064": "like this,", "147kW78SeS4-00408-00186064-00186428": "the wage rate is doing something like this, it's rising,", "147kW78SeS4-00409-00186428-00186710": "then,", "147kW78SeS4-00410-00186710-00187096": "as the rate of accumulation is falling so reinvestment diminishes", "147kW78SeS4-00411-00187096-00187266": "and so the demand for labour slackens and so", "147kW78SeS4-00412-00187266-00187515": "wage rates come down,", "147kW78SeS4-00413-00187515-00188194": "this goes up. And you could imagine a situation of this kind,", "147kW78SeS4-00414-00188194-00188480": "that they just simply oscillate", "147kW78SeS4-00415-00188480-00189041": "in this kind of fashion, a homeostatic adjustment mechanism,", "147kW78SeS4-00416-00189041-00189368": "wages rise, rate of accumulation slackens,", "147kW78SeS4-00417-00189368-00189705": "demand for labour falls off,", "147kW78SeS4-00418-00189705-00189892": "the labour surplus reappears.", "147kW78SeS4-00419-00189892-00190068": "Now, clearly,", "147kW78SeS4-00420-00190068-00190648": "this surplus population depends upon", "147kW78SeS4-00421-00190648-00190912": "the rate of population growth,", "147kW78SeS4-00422-00190912-00191116": "where the population is", "147kW78SeS4-00423-00191116-00191563": "relative to all of this.", "147kW78SeS4-00424-00191563-00191812": "So where the surplus population is", "147kW78SeS4-00425-00191812-00192361": "also matters. So what Marx does here is to say:", "147kW78SeS4-00426-00192361-00192720": "you might notice", "147kW78SeS4-00427-00192720-00192943": "historical situations in which wage rates and", "147kW78SeS4-00428-00192943-00193510": "and profit rates will be going opposite to each other.", "147kW78SeS4-00429-00193510-00193968": "And what would a bourgeois economist read into this?", "147kW78SeS4-00430-00193968-00194461": "they're going to look at it and say 'it's greedy workers',", "147kW78SeS4-00431-00194461-00194946": "greedy unions or something like that, they're always wanting more wages and the wage rate goes up and", "147kW78SeS4-00432-00194946-00195413": "if the wage rate goes up then, sorry, you're going to get stagnation.", "147kW78SeS4-00433-00195413-00195621": "I'm sure you've heard that argument, right?", "147kW78SeS4-00434-00195621-00196128": "If you push the wage rate too high, then you're just gonna get stagnation.", "147kW78SeS4-00435-00196128-00196276": "So, if we get a crisis it's not our fault it's", "147kW78SeS4-00436-00196276-00196472": "the labourer's fault.", "147kW78SeS4-00437-00196472-00196908": "So if you get a crisis it's not our fault, it's the labourers' fault,", "147kW78SeS4-00438-00196908-00197223": "they push the wage rate too high.", "147kW78SeS4-00439-00197223-00197373": "What Marx does is to", "147kW78SeS4-00440-00197373-00197561": "point out that in this system,", "147kW78SeS4-00441-00197561-00198109": "he says the bottom of p.770:", "147kW78SeS4-00442-00198321-00198881": "“To put it mathematically: the rate of accumulation is the independent,", "147kW78SeS4-00443-00198881-00199139": "not the dependent variable;", "147kW78SeS4-00444-00199139-00199589": "the rate of wages is the dependent, not the independent variable.” In other words", "147kW78SeS4-00445-00199589-00199949": "what Marx is insisting is that it is capital", "147kW78SeS4-00446-00199949-00200404": "and capital accumulation that is driving this,", "147kW78SeS4-00447-00200404-00200938": "its capitalists who are making the decisions, it's capitalists who are pushing the system.", "147kW78SeS4-00448-00200938-00201428": "So if you do see fluctuations of this kind it's because that's the way", "147kW78SeS4-00449-00201428-00202128": "capitalism is pushing it.", "147kW78SeS4-00450-00202652-00203191": "This then leads Marx into a consideration", "147kW78SeS4-00451-00203191-00203395": "of what he calls", "147kW78SeS4-00452-00203395-00203878": "the so-called “natural law of population”. You can tell this is coming", "147kW78SeS4-00453-00203878-00204661": "given his stuff about Malthus.", "147kW78SeS4-00454-00204661-00205100": "He really describes exactly what we've just gone through very succinctly, in the middle", "147kW78SeS4-00455-00205100-00205371": "of p.771:", "147kW78SeS4-00456-00205371-00205785": "“If the quantity of unpaid labour supplied by the working class", "147kW78SeS4-00457-00205785-00206035": "and accumulated by the capitalist class", "147kW78SeS4-00458-00206035-00206211": "increases so rapidly", "147kW78SeS4-00459-00206211-00206669": "that its transformation into capital requires an extraordinary addition of paid labour,", "147kW78SeS4-00460-00206669-00207017": "then wages rise and, all other circumstances remaining equal,", "147kW78SeS4-00461-00207017-00207413": "the unpaid labour diminishes in proportion.", "147kW78SeS4-00462-00207413-00207773": "But as soon as this diminution touches the point at which the surplus labour that nourishes capital", "147kW78SeS4-00463-00207773-00208328": "is no longer supplied in normal quantity, a reaction sets in:", "147kW78SeS4-00464-00208328-00208741": "a smaller part of revenue is capitalized, accumulation slows down,", "147kW78SeS4-00465-00208741-00209184": "and the rising movement of wages comes up against an obstacle.", "147kW78SeS4-00466-00209184-00209604": "The rise of wages is therefore confined within limits that not only leave intact the foundations", "147kW78SeS4-00467-00209604-00209942": "of the capitalist system, but also secure its reproduction", "147kW78SeS4-00468-00209942-00210438": "on an increasing scale.”", "147kW78SeS4-00469-00210438-00210573": "So, this is if you like", "147kW78SeS4-00470-00210573-00211862": "the description of a simple model of the dynamics of accumulation.", "147kW78SeS4-00471-00211862-00212229": "Which takes us into part two.", "147kW78SeS4-00472-00212229-00212680": "p.772", "147kW78SeS4-00473-00212680-00212915": "What Marx wants to do here is to say, well", "147kW78SeS4-00474-00212915-00213227": "this argument we just made", "147kW78SeS4-00475-00213227-00213466": "pays absolutely not mind", "147kW78SeS4-00476-00213466-00213723": "to technological change. That is,", "147kW78SeS4-00477-00213723-00214201": "you're assuming the technology remains constant", "147kW78SeS4-00478-00214201-00214624": "in this first version.", "147kW78SeS4-00479-00214624-00215049": "He says: “So far, we have considered only one special phase of this process, that in which", "147kW78SeS4-00480-00215049-00215285": "the increase of capital occurs", "147kW78SeS4-00481-00215285-00215841": "while the technical composition of capital remains constant.”", "147kW78SeS4-00482-00215841-00216210": "But we know it does not remain constant from", "147kW78SeS4-00483-00216210-00216736": "the theory of relative surplus-value.", "147kW78SeS4-00484-00216736-00217139": "He then goes on: “Given the general basis of the capitalist system, a point is reached", "147kW78SeS4-00485-00217139-00217351": "in the course of accumulation", "147kW78SeS4-00486-00217351-00217818": "at which the development of the productivity of social labour", "147kW78SeS4-00487-00217818-00218518": "becomes the most powerful lever of accumulation.”", "147kW78SeS4-00488-00218676-00219220": "So, we're now going to look at", "147kW78SeS4-00489-00219220-00219529": "this model when we introduce into it", "147kW78SeS4-00490-00219529-00220057": "the dynamics of relative surplus-value", "147kW78SeS4-00491-00220057-00220817": "seeking, and technological and organizational change.", "147kW78SeS4-00492-00220817-00221210": "He starts off by going a little bit over the technical", "147kW78SeS4-00493-00221210-00221433": "composition of capital, going back over", "147kW78SeS4-00494-00221433-00221736": "-this- argument and we're going to see this", "147kW78SeS4-00495-00221736-00222269": "developed even further now in this section.", "147kW78SeS4-00496-00222269-00222893": "As far as the technical conditions are concerned, there are both causes and consequences,", "147kW78SeS4-00497-00222893-00223564": "he says, of changing value-composition.", "147kW78SeS4-00498-00223564-00225326": "Causes, those which arise out of the need to buy new machinery,", "147kW78SeS4-00499-00225326-00226023": "new means of production. So he talks about buildings and furnaces and means of transport etc.", "147kW78SeS4-00500-00226124-00226850": "The consequence is that you need more means of production;", "147kW78SeS4-00501-00226850-00227460": "so, sorry, it's not a cause, its a condition", "147kW78SeS4-00502-00227460-00227875": "of this, you buy a new machine,", "147kW78SeS4-00503-00227875-00228026": "more 'C'", "147kW78SeS4-00504-00228026-00228160": "in the form of the machine.", "147kW78SeS4-00505-00228160-00228378": "But then the machine also", "147kW78SeS4-00506-00228378-00228678": "has a consequence, which is that you now need more", "147kW78SeS4-00507-00228678-00229267": "raw materials.", "147kW78SeS4-00508-00229267-00229944": "Bottom of p.773 he says: “This change in the technical composition of capital,", "147kW78SeS4-00509-00229944-00230279": "this growth in the mass of the means of production,", "147kW78SeS4-00510-00230279-00230609": "as compared with the mass of the labour-power that vivifies them, is reflected", "147kW78SeS4-00511-00230609-00231033": "in its value-composition by the increase of the constant constituent of capital", "147kW78SeS4-00512-00231033-00231683": "at the expense of its variable constituent.”", "147kW78SeS4-00513-00231683-00232013": "He then uses the phrase which", "147kW78SeS4-00514-00232013-00232351": "created quite a lot of problems:", "147kW78SeS4-00515-00232351-00232800": "“This law of the progressive growth of the constant part of capital", "147kW78SeS4-00516-00232800-00232953": "in comparison with the variable part", "147kW78SeS4-00517-00232953-00233206": "is confirmed at every step (as already shown)", "147kW78SeS4-00518-00233206-00233516": "by the comparative analysis of the prices of commodities,", "147kW78SeS4-00519-00233516-00233716": "whether we compare different economic epochs", "147kW78SeS4-00520-00233716-00233836": "or different nations in the", "147kW78SeS4-00521-00233836-00234357": "same epoch.”", "147kW78SeS4-00522-00234357-00234756": "There is, he says,", "147kW78SeS4-00523-00234756-00234904": "a tendency for", "147kW78SeS4-00524-00234904-00236133": "the organic composition of capital to increase over time.", "147kW78SeS4-00525-00237344-00237754": "He's proposing that we think in terms of the law", "147kW78SeS4-00526-00237754-00238194": "of the increase of the 'C over V' ratio,", "147kW78SeS4-00527-00238194-00238395": "that is,", "147kW78SeS4-00528-00238395-00238760": "you need to buy less and less labour", "147kW78SeS4-00529-00238760-00239460": "and you need to buy more more means of production.", "147kW78SeS4-00530-00239553-00240220": "Interestingly", "147kW78SeS4-00531-00240220-00240557": "he then introduces on the middle of p.774", "147kW78SeS4-00532-00240557-00241013": "the possibility that", "147kW78SeS4-00533-00241013-00241175": "'C' could also diminish", "147kW78SeS4-00534-00241175-00241740": "through technological change.", "147kW78SeS4-00535-00241740-00242198": "But he simply treats it here", "147kW78SeS4-00536-00242198-00242530": "as something that restraints what would otherwise be", "147kW78SeS4-00537-00242530-00242859": "a very rapid increase", "147kW78SeS4-00538-00242859-00243349": "in the 'C over V' ratio, in the organic composition of capital.", "147kW78SeS4-00539-00243349-00243705": "Here he's saying", "147kW78SeS4-00540-00243705-00244107": "middle of p.774: “The reason is simple: with the increasing productivity of labour,", "147kW78SeS4-00541-00244107-00244610": "the mass of the means of production consumed by labour increases,", "147kW78SeS4-00542-00244610-00245048": "but their value in comparison with their mass diminishes.", "147kW78SeS4-00543-00245048-00245489": "Their value therefore rises absolutely, but not in proportion to the increase", "147kW78SeS4-00544-00245489-00245761": "in their mass.", "147kW78SeS4-00545-00245761-00246167": "The increase of the difference between constant and variable capital is therefore much less than", "147kW78SeS4-00546-00246167-00246661": "that of the difference between the mass of the means of production into which the constant capital,", "147kW78SeS4-00547-00246661-00247061": "and the mass of the labour-power into which the variable capital, is converted.", "147kW78SeS4-00548-00247061-00247748": "The former difference increases with the latter, but in a smaller degree.”", "147kW78SeS4-00549-00247748-00248002": "In other words,", "147kW78SeS4-00550-00248002-00248576": "yes, you can get constant capital saving innovations", "147kW78SeS4-00551-00248576-00248998": "which reduce the value of constant capital, but this simply", "147kW78SeS4-00552-00248998-00249529": "holds down what Marx sees as an inexorable law", "147kW78SeS4-00553-00249529-00250398": "of the rising organic composition of capital.", "147kW78SeS4-00554-00250398-00250558": "That, in short,", "147kW78SeS4-00555-00250558-00250778": "capitalism is going to become", "147kW78SeS4-00556-00250778-00251580": "increasingly capital-intensive over time", "147kW78SeS4-00557-00251580-00252005": "as opposed to labour-intensive.", "147kW78SeS4-00558-00252005-00252842": "He then uses some examples.", "147kW78SeS4-00559-00252842-00253149": "What this means,", "147kW78SeS4-00560-00253149-00253755": "is that the mass of surplus-value", "147kW78SeS4-00561-00253755-00254133": "that the capitalist can gain diminishes,", "147kW78SeS4-00562-00254133-00255006": "unless you can raise the rate of exploitation.", "147kW78SeS4-00563-00255006-00255366": "This is a problem.", "147kW78SeS4-00564-00255366-00256185": "And in the third volume of Capital, he'll argue", "147kW78SeS4-00565-00256185-00256693": "roughly in the following way:", "147kW78SeS4-00566-00256693-00256973": "The rate of profit (P)", "147kW78SeS4-00567-00256973-00257735": "is equivalent to 'S over (C + V)',", "147kW78SeS4-00568-00257735-00258318": "The surplus over the total capital advanced.", "147kW78SeS4-00569-00258318-00258720": "Now, by a little bit of algebraic manipulation,", "147kW78SeS4-00570-00258720-00258939": "you could turn this into…", "147kW78SeS4-00571-00258939-00259445": "that this is equivalent to the rate of exploitation", "147kW78SeS4-00572-00259445-00260314": "over (1 + the organic composition of capital).", "147kW78SeS4-00573-00260314-00260725": "From which you would see immediately that,", "147kW78SeS4-00574-00260725-00261117": "if the rate of exploitation remains constant,", "147kW78SeS4-00575-00261117-00261916": "then the law of the rising organic composition of capital gives you", "147kW78SeS4-00576-00261916-00262616": "a falling rate a profit.", "147kW78SeS4-00577-00262870-00263351": "-this- quantity becomes larger and larger and larger,", "147kW78SeS4-00578-00263351-00263730": "-this- remains constant,", "147kW78SeS4-00579-00263730-00264188": "therefore the profit rate must fall.", "147kW78SeS4-00580-00264188-00264885": "This is the simplest version", "147kW78SeS4-00581-00264885-00265655": "of Marx his falling profit-rate argument.", "147kW78SeS4-00582-00265655-00265938": "In order to sustain that however,", "147kW78SeS4-00583-00265938-00266214": "you have to do two things,", "147kW78SeS4-00584-00266214-00266763": "one is, you have to keep the rate of exploitation constant", "147kW78SeS4-00585-00266763-00267103": "and the second is, you have to assume", "147kW78SeS4-00586-00267103-00267647": "that all of -these- interactions which are going on in the economy", "147kW78SeS4-00587-00267647-00268777": "are actually leading to an increasing organic composition of capital.", "147kW78SeS4-00588-00268777-00269185": "There are lots of reasons why,", "147kW78SeS4-00589-00269185-00269910": "as subsequent theorists have shown, this is not necessarily so.", "147kW78SeS4-00590-00269910-00270488": "Situations can arise in which it actually goes in the other way,", "147kW78SeS4-00591-00270488-00270887": "that you get a falling organic composition of capital", "147kW78SeS4-00592-00270887-00271169": "simply because of the nature of the interaction effects.", "147kW78SeS4-00593-00271169-00271924": "Whether there's a falling or a rising, really depends.", "147kW78SeS4-00594-00271924-00272182": "On the other hand, if you", "147kW78SeS4-00595-00272182-00272596": "dare to gain say, in certain circles,", "147kW78SeS4-00596-00272596-00272911": "the theory of the falling rate a profit,", "147kW78SeS4-00597-00272911-00273532": "Marxists come down on you like a ton of bricks,", "147kW78SeS4-00598-00273532-00273989": "because, as I think Marx", "147kW78SeS4-00599-00273989-00274524": "himself suggested, this is one of the main ways in which you can see how", "147kW78SeS4-00600-00274524-00275007": "technological innovations i.e. the search for relative surplus-value,", "147kW78SeS4-00601-00275007-00275348": "creates a contradiction", "147kW78SeS4-00602-00275348-00275741": "because you're displacing labour out of production,", "147kW78SeS4-00603-00275741-00277056": "and as you displace labour out of production, you're displacing the source of surplus-value.", "147kW78SeS4-00604-00277056-00277333": "My own view of it, for what it's worth, is that", "147kW78SeS4-00605-00277333-00277568": "technological dynamism is indeed", "147kW78SeS4-00606-00277568-00278116": "a potent source of contradictions within this system,", "147kW78SeS4-00607-00278116-00278897": "but you cannot assume that there is a law of rising organic composition,", "147kW78SeS4-00608-00278897-00279280": "that it's always going to be there,", "147kW78SeS4-00609-00279280-00279660": "nor can you necessarily assume that there is", "147kW78SeS4-00610-00279660-00280252": "a law of falling rates of profit. Situations arise in which, yes indeed", "147kW78SeS4-00611-00280252-00280931": "rising organic composition gets turned into falling profit rates.", "147kW78SeS4-00612-00280931-00281188": "But it's perfectly possible", "147kW78SeS4-00613-00281188-00281437": "for other patterns of innovation to", "147kW78SeS4-00614-00281437-00282385": "enter into the picture which reverse that process.", "147kW78SeS4-00615-00282594-00283109": "This is the reason these concepts are important and why you have to think about them,", "147kW78SeS4-00616-00283109-00283477": "because they're foundational for what happens", "147kW78SeS4-00617-00283477-00284127": "in Volume three of Capital and parts of Marx his argument there.", "147kW78SeS4-00618-00284127-00284732": "But what is brilliant about the argument is that", "147kW78SeS4-00619-00284732-00285494": "most of the classical political-economists, including Ricardo,", "147kW78SeS4-00620-00285494-00286101": "believed in a falling rate of profit.", "147kW78SeS4-00621-00286101-00286621": "Many of them thought in terms of", "147kW78SeS4-00622-00286621-00286880": "capitalism in the end winding down.", "147kW78SeS4-00623-00286880-00287176": "Ricardo, for example, talks about", "147kW78SeS4-00624-00287176-00287564": "the inevitable demise of a capitalist system because it will not be able to", "147kW78SeS4-00625-00287564-00287976": "sustain itself.", "147kW78SeS4-00626-00287976-00288709": "But all of them actually appealed to Malthus", "147kW78SeS4-00627-00288709-00289127": "and the idea of resource constraints,", "147kW78SeS4-00628-00289127-00289689": "and what is known as diminishing returns in agriculture.", "147kW78SeS4-00629-00289689-00290389": "That there would be an inherent barrier to increasing productivity in agriculture,", "147kW78SeS4-00630-00290489-00290989": "and that therefore the end of capitalism was essentially", "147kW78SeS4-00631-00290989-00291640": "legislated in terms of its relation to nature.", "147kW78SeS4-00632-00291640-00291849": "What Marx says", "147kW78SeS4-00633-00291849-00292417": "is: No, there is a way you can talk about a falling rate of profit", "147kW78SeS4-00634-00292417-00292775": "which has nothing to do with nature.", "147kW78SeS4-00635-00292775-00293475": "It has to do with the internal contradictions of capitalism.", "147kW78SeS4-00636-00293479-00293801": "As he says of Ricardo,", "147kW78SeS4-00637-00293801-00294585": "he says, Ricardo when faced with the idea of a crisis took refuge in organic chemistry.", "147kW78SeS4-00638-00294585-00294794": "Marx says you can't do that,", "147kW78SeS4-00639-00294794-00295184": "if there is going to be a crisis of capitalism, it's going to be a crisis which is generated", "147kW78SeS4-00640-00295184-00295451": "by its own internal contradictions.", "147kW78SeS4-00641-00295451-00295923": "And I think his intuitions are absolutely correct.", "147kW78SeS4-00642-00295923-00296594": "That one of the centerpieces of those contradictions lies in the dynamic and trajectory", "147kW78SeS4-00643-00296594-00297064": "of technological and organizational changes,", "147kW78SeS4-00644-00297064-00297504": "and that these technological and organizational changes are highly disruptive,", "147kW78SeS4-00645-00297504-00298126": "in some instances, of the capacity to gain surplus-value.", "147kW78SeS4-00646-00298126-00298688": "The trouble is here is he has put it in this law form.", "147kW78SeS4-00647-00298688-00299717": "And the law form is where we hit some of the problems.", "147kW78SeS4-00648-00299963-00300203": "This then leads him to say that,", "147kW78SeS4-00649-00300492-00300871": "this rising organic composition of capital doesn't mean", "147kW78SeS4-00650-00300871-00301450": "less surplus-value for the capitalist, provided", "147kW78SeS4-00651-00301450-00302208": "that you actually expand your labour force dramatically.", "147kW78SeS4-00652-00302208-00302766": "That is, by increasing production you accelerate accumulation.", "147kW78SeS4-00653-00302766-00303575": "As he says on p.774:", "147kW78SeS4-00654-00303575-00304070": "“The progress of accumulation lessens the relative magnitude of the variable part of capital,", "147kW78SeS4-00655-00304070-00304770": "but this by no means thereby excludes the possibility of a rise in its absolute magnitude.”", "147kW78SeS4-00656-00304814-00305006": "Then he goes through this example:", "147kW78SeS4-00657-00305006-00305418": "let's suppose the 'C over V' ratio rises,", "147kW78SeS4-00658-00305418-00305944": "but “If, in the meantime, the original capital, say £6,000, has increased to £18,000,", "147kW78SeS4-00659-00305944-00306407": "its variable constituent has also increased, in fact by 20 percent.", "147kW78SeS4-00660-00306407-00306857": "It was £3,000, it is now £3,600.”", "147kW78SeS4-00661-00306857-00307257": "Out of eighteen-thousand.", "147kW78SeS4-00662-00307257-00307614": "“But whereas formerly an increase of capital by 20 percent would have sufficed to raise the demand", "147kW78SeS4-00663-00307614-00308027": "for labour by 20 percent, now the original capital needs to be tripled", "147kW78SeS4-00664-00308027-00308768": "to secure an increase of 20 percent in the demand for labour. ”", "147kW78SeS4-00665-00308768-00309056": "This then immediately raises the question:", "147kW78SeS4-00666-00309056-00309686": "where is the surplus capital gonna come from to increase from 6,000 to 18,000?", "147kW78SeS4-00667-00309686-00310053": "How are you going to get that?", "147kW78SeS4-00668-00310053-00310594": "That leads him immediately to the idea", "147kW78SeS4-00669-00310594-00311232": "that there is an original accumulation which goes on,", "147kW78SeS4-00670-00311232-00311461": "and he introduces", "147kW78SeS4-00671-00311461-00311931": "this idea of primitive accumulation on p.775.", "147kW78SeS4-00672-00311931-00312385": "The capitalists go out and they rob people,", "147kW78SeS4-00673-00312385-00313194": "to get the extra 12 thousand pounds they need.", "147kW78SeS4-00674-00313194-00313717": "Somehow or other they accumulate it. He says we're going to look at this historically in part 8,", "147kW78SeS4-00675-00313717-00314442": "so we'll do that next week.", "147kW78SeS4-00676-00314442-00314776": "Then, on p.776-777", "147kW78SeS4-00677-00314776-00315256": "he says, maybe there's another way in which capitalists can do this,", "147kW78SeS4-00678-00315256-00316084": "and he introduces the distinction between concentration and centralization.", "147kW78SeS4-00679-00316084-00316547": "Concentration of capital arises in -this- model in the following way:", "147kW78SeS4-00680-00316547-00316985": "each time you increase the amount of capital that's circulating,", "147kW78SeS4-00681-00316985-00317209": "so you go around this system again,", "147kW78SeS4-00682-00317209-00317743": "and you get more capital … more capital, so concentration means: over time,", "147kW78SeS4-00683-00317743-00318202": "bit by bit, increment by increment, you're increasing your capital, so capital is becoming", "147kW78SeS4-00684-00318202-00318902": "concentrated.", "147kW78SeS4-00685-00318919-00319343": "He then introduces something which I think is always important, because sometimes people", "147kW78SeS4-00686-00319343-00320043": "talk about the law of increasing concentration and centralization.", "147kW78SeS4-00687-00320226-00320631": "He suggests that at the bottom of p.776 that not only are you going to get concentration", "147kW78SeS4-00688-00320631-00321127": "of capital, but you could also get something else going on", "147kW78SeS4-00689-00321127-00322001": "right at the bottom of p.776 he says, concentration that accompanies accumulation,", "147kW78SeS4-00690-00322001-00322431": "is not only “scattered over many points, but the increase of each functioning capital is thwarted", "147kW78SeS4-00691-00322431-00322808": "by the formation of new capitals and the subdivision of old.", "147kW78SeS4-00692-00322808-00323101": "Accumulation, therefore, presents itself on the one hand", "147kW78SeS4-00693-00323101-00323384": "as increasing concentration of the means of production,", "147kW78SeS4-00694-00323384-00323588": "and of the command over labour;", "147kW78SeS4-00695-00323588-00324039": "and on the other hand as repulsion of many individual capitals from one another.”", "147kW78SeS4-00696-00324039-00324485": "Then he talks about the fragmentation of the total social capital.", "147kW78SeS4-00697-00324485-00324815": "What in effect is going on here is this:", "147kW78SeS4-00698-00324815-00325268": "Why would you put your surplus-value back into the same production system?", "147kW78SeS4-00699-00325268-00325912": "What happens if I took a part of my surplus-value and spawned it off into a new line of production?", "147kW78SeS4-00700-00325912-00326402": "And I opened up a small factory making something else?", "147kW78SeS4-00701-00326402-00326651": "So, capitalism", "147kW78SeS4-00702-00326651-00327201": "is not only about increasing concentration, it's also about increasing diversification,", "147kW78SeS4-00703-00327201-00327368": "increasing fragmentation.", "147kW78SeS4-00704-00327368-00327889": "And what he's suggesting here is that there is some sort of relationship between concentration", "147kW78SeS4-00705-00327889-00328219": "and dispersal,", "147kW78SeS4-00706-00328219-00328574": "concentration and fragmentation.", "147kW78SeS4-00707-00328574-00328750": "And that therefore", "147kW78SeS4-00708-00328750-00329589": "you cannot necessarily look to concentration of capital,", "147kW78SeS4-00709-00329589-00329950": "to do what you wanted to do in terms of increasing", "147kW78SeS4-00710-00329950-00330327": "the amount of 'V' which is available to you", "147kW78SeS4-00711-00330327-00331027": "at a given rate of exploitation.", "147kW78SeS4-00712-00331047-00331285": "So there is something else,", "147kW78SeS4-00713-00331285-00331786": "he introduces centralization of capital.", "147kW78SeS4-00714-00331786-00332441": "Centralization is effectively taking people over,", "147kW78SeS4-00715-00332441-00333779": "takeovers, merges, driving people out of competition, taking over their businesses,", "147kW78SeS4-00716-00333779-00334336": "hostile takeovers, and the like.", "147kW78SeS4-00717-00334336-00334617": "And what he's pointing to here is", "147kW78SeS4-00718-00334617-00335130": "a very important process which goes on in capitalism,", "147kW78SeS4-00719-00335130-00335409": "which is about centralization. And we", "147kW78SeS4-00720-00335409-00335829": "start to see how it works, and he introduces at the bottom of p.777", "147kW78SeS4-00721-00335829-00336084": "a very important idea which he's not going to take up,", "147kW78SeS4-00722-00336084-00336544": "which is the role of the credit system in doing this.", "147kW78SeS4-00723-00336544-00337180": "He talks about various mechanisms whereby larger capitals could take over smaller,", "147kW78SeS4-00724-00337180-00337621": "through competition and alike, but then he says: “Apart from this, an altogether new force", "147kW78SeS4-00725-00337621-00338167": "comes into existence with the development of capitalist production: the credit system.", "147kW78SeS4-00726-00338167-00338408": "In its first stages, this system", "147kW78SeS4-00727-00338408-00338946": "furtively creeps in as the humble assistant of accumulation,", "147kW78SeS4-00728-00338946-00339301": "drawing into the hands of individual or associated capitalists by invisible threads", "147kW78SeS4-00729-00339301-00339461": "the money resources,", "147kW78SeS4-00730-00339461-00339876": "which lie scattered in larger or smaller amounts over the surface of society;", "147kW78SeS4-00731-00339876-00340243": "but it soon becomes a new and terrible weapon in the battle of competition", "147kW78SeS4-00732-00340243-00341224": "and is finally transformed into an enormous social mechanism for the centralization of capitals.”", "147kW78SeS4-00733-00341224-00341854": "One of the main businesses of Wall Street these days is asset merger activity,", "147kW78SeS4-00734-00341854-00342287": "the centralization of capital that's been going on under neo-liberalism", "147kW78SeS4-00735-00342287-00342688": "has been absolutely astonishing.", "147kW78SeS4-00736-00342688-00343354": "Oil companies, pharmaceutical companies, telecommunications companies,", "147kW78SeS4-00737-00343354-00343886": "are constantly merging into each other, asset merger activities is", "147kW78SeS4-00738-00343886-00344339": "one of the big businesses of Wall Street, and of course this is about precisely the centralization", "147kW78SeS4-00739-00344339-00344559": "of capital.", "147kW78SeS4-00740-00344559-00345017": "And what does the centralization of capital do to the workers?", "147kW78SeS4-00741-00345017-00345379": "Well, it doesn't do them any good that's for sure.", "147kW78SeS4-00742-00345379-00345552": "It usually destroys", "147kW78SeS4-00743-00345552-00345972": "worker organization and worker contracts,", "147kW78SeS4-00744-00345972-00346490": "increases the rate of exploitation and the like.", "147kW78SeS4-00745-00346490-00347007": "So, what Marx is onto here is the beginnings of", "147kW78SeS4-00746-00347007-00347392": "a centralization process in which the credit system starts to play", "147kW78SeS4-00747-00347392-00347763": "a central role. And we would argue, I think, today that this is of course", "147kW78SeS4-00748-00347763-00348176": "one of the huge drivers of the economy.", "147kW78SeS4-00749-00348176-00348416": "and Marx is seeing its potential here,", "147kW78SeS4-00750-00348416-00348600": "but having said that", "147kW78SeS4-00751-00348600-00348873": "all he does then is to say", "147kW78SeS4-00752-00348873-00349470": "that these levers of centralization, which are competition and credit,", "147kW78SeS4-00753-00349470-00349920": "draw together individual capitals and deals with this problem of how to get the", "147kW78SeS4-00754-00349920-00350792": "extra 12,000 pounds: you get it through centralization.", "147kW78SeS4-00755-00350792-00351309": "As he says at the bottom of p.779:", "147kW78SeS4-00756-00351482-00351884": "“Capital can grow into powerful masses in a single hand in one place…", "147kW78SeS4-00757-00351884-00352358": "…In any given branch of industry centralization would reach its extreme limit if all", "147kW78SeS4-00758-00352358-00352822": "the individual capitals invested there were fused into a single capital.”", "147kW78SeS4-00759-00352822-00353055": "i.e. monopoly.", "147kW78SeS4-00760-00353055-00353466": "“In a given society this limit would be reached only when the entire social capital was united in", "147kW78SeS4-00761-00353466-00354153": "the hands of either a single capitalist or a single capitalist company.", "147kW78SeS4-00762-00354153-00354601": "Centralization supplements the work of accumulation by enabling industrial capitalists to extend", "147kW78SeS4-00763-00354601-00354804": "the scale of their operations.”", "147kW78SeS4-00764-00354804-00355455": "Increasing scale of organization.", "147kW78SeS4-00765-00355455-00356155": "And centralization, he says, is much more dramatic, as he says on p.780:", "147kW78SeS4-00766-00356214-00356581": "\"accumulation, the gradual increase of capital by reproduction as it passes from the circular", "147kW78SeS4-00767-00356581-00357133": "to the spiral form, is clearly a very slow procedure compared with centralization…”", "147kW78SeS4-00768-00357133-00357588": "Centralization is much faster.", "147kW78SeS4-00769-00357588-00357841": "Then he goes on to point out: “The world would still be without railways", "147kW78SeS4-00770-00357841-00358141": "if it had had to wait until accumulation had got", "147kW78SeS4-00771-00358141-00358618": "a few individual capitals far enough to be adequate for the construction of a railway.”", "147kW78SeS4-00772-00358618-00359583": "So, it's consortia, business consortia and things like that, that start to move into the picture.", "147kW78SeS4-00773-00359583-00360135": "He then says: “centralization … thereby becomes the new and powerful lever", "147kW78SeS4-00774-00360135-00360435": "of social accumulation.", "147kW78SeS4-00775-00360435-00360838": "Therefore, when we speak of the progress of social accumulation, we tacitly include —", "147kW78SeS4-00776-00360838-00361538": "these days — the effects of centralization.”", "147kW78SeS4-00777-00361679-00362379": "But this doesn't necessarily solve the problem of less and less labour being employed,", "147kW78SeS4-00778-00362465-00362807": "as he says right at the end: “On the one hand, therefore, the additional capital formed in", "147kW78SeS4-00779-00362807-00363230": "the course of further accumulation attracts fewer and fewer workers in proportion to its magnitude.", "147kW78SeS4-00780-00363230-00363654": "On the other hand, the old capital periodically reproduced with a new composition", "147kW78SeS4-00781-00363654-00364354": "repels more and more of the workers formerly employed by it.”", "147kW78SeS4-00782-00364356-00364683": "So what's coming out here is,", "147kW78SeS4-00783-00364683-00365157": "these processes of transformation,", "147kW78SeS4-00784-00365157-00365740": "both in organizational form of capital but also in technological", "147kW78SeS4-00785-00365740-00366050": "forms, are diminishing the demand", "147kW78SeS4-00786-00366050-00366503": "for labour-power in the labour market.", "147kW78SeS4-00787-00366503-00366881": "The consequences for that are taken up in the next section, but we should probably", "147kW78SeS4-00788-00366881-00367506": "break here five minutes and than do the next two sections.", "147kW78SeS4-00789-00367506-00367976": "The next section, what we get is", "147kW78SeS4-00790-00367976-00368737": "another version of this model but with technological change", "147kW78SeS4-00791-00368737-00369248": "incorporated. This system really", "147kW78SeS4-00792-00369248-00369692": "looks something like this:", "147kW78SeS4-00793-00369692-00370392": "You start with accumulation,", "147kW78SeS4-00794-00370663-00371309": "but in this instance, we're gonna talk about reinvestment", "147kW78SeS4-00795-00371309-00372009": "of capitalized surplus-value,", "147kW78SeS4-00796-00372765-00373770": "which in this instance is invested in new technologies,", "147kW78SeS4-00797-00374249-00375678": "which reduces the demand for labour;", "147kW78SeS4-00798-00376457-00377449": "produces a surplus population", "147kW78SeS4-00799-00378283-00379512": "which gives you a high rate of exploitation, which gives you more accumulation.", "147kW78SeS4-00800-00381069-00381475": "So, he starts off by again", "147kW78SeS4-00801-00381475-00382877": "assuming a rising organic composition of capital,", "147kW78SeS4-00802-00382933-00383886": "but now we're looking at this dynamic", "147kW78SeS4-00803-00383886-00384586": "in which technological change is becoming central.", "147kW78SeS4-00804-00384623-00384843": "The demand for labour, he says at the bottom of p.781:", "147kW78SeS4-00805-00385151-00385661": "“is determined not by the extent of the total capital but by its variable constituent alone,", "147kW78SeS4-00806-00385661-00386162": "that demand falls progressively with the growth of the total capital…", "147kW78SeS4-00807-00386162-00386563": "…and at an accelerated rate, as this magnitude, increases.”", "147kW78SeS4-00808-00386563-00387205": "So the variable capital becomes a constantly diminishing proportion.", "147kW78SeS4-00809-00387205-00387725": "The consequence is, on p.782 in the middle, he says:", "147kW78SeS4-00810-00387725-00388160": "“in fact, it is capitalist accumulation itself", "147kW78SeS4-00811-00388160-00388595": "that constantly produces, and produces indeed in direct relation with its own energy and extent,", "147kW78SeS4-00812-00388595-00388956": "a relatively redundant working population,", "147kW78SeS4-00813-00388956-00389349": "i.e. a population which is superfluous to capital's average requirements for", "147kW78SeS4-00814-00389349-00390049": "its own valorization, and is therefore a surplus population.”", "147kW78SeS4-00815-00390330-00391281": "Then he talks, p.782-3, on what we now colloquially call downsizing.", "147kW78SeS4-00816-00391763-00392106": "The consequence, as he points out on p.783 at the bottom:", "147kW78SeS4-00817-00392106-00392548": "“The working population therefore produces both the accumulation of capital", "147kW78SeS4-00818-00392548-00393067": "and the means by which it is itself made relatively superfluous;", "147kW78SeS4-00819-00393067-00393585": "and it does this to an extent which is always increasing.”", "147kW78SeS4-00820-00393585-00394107": "There's a lot of discussion these days about disposable labour", "147kW78SeS4-00821-00394107-00394532": "and the idea of disposable labour-forces.", "147kW78SeS4-00822-00394532-00395069": "This is exactly what Marx is talking about, how do we get to a point", "147kW78SeS4-00823-00395069-00395748": "where we can talk about massive disposal working populations?", "147kW78SeS4-00824-00395748-00396448": "and how does that dynamic work?", "147kW78SeS4-00825-00396460-00396991": "This leads Marx then to point out,", "147kW78SeS4-00826-00396991-00397419": "at the bottom of p.783: “The working population therefore produces both the accumulation…”", "147kW78SeS4-00827-00397419-00397552": "…I've just read that…", "147kW78SeS4-00828-00397552-00398020": "“This is a law of population peculiar to the capitalist mode of production;", "147kW78SeS4-00829-00398020-00398465": "and in fact every particular historical mode of production has its own special laws of population,", "147kW78SeS4-00830-00398465-00398872": "which are historically valid within that particular sphere.", "147kW78SeS4-00831-00398872-00399359": "An abstract law of population exists only for plants and animals, and even then only in the absence", "147kW78SeS4-00832-00399359-00399918": "of any historical intervention by man.”", "147kW78SeS4-00833-00399918-00400152": "What he's saying here is that", "147kW78SeS4-00834-00400152-00400662": "Malthus had this law of population that explained poverty,", "147kW78SeS4-00835-00400662-00401266": "again, because of these two forces of", "147kW78SeS4-00836-00401266-00402045": "the tendency to increase the population, on the part of the labouring classes,", "147kW78SeS4-00837-00402045-00402554": "in relationship to scarcities in nature.", "147kW78SeS4-00838-00402554-00402820": "So, the problem of poverty", "147kW78SeS4-00839-00402820-00403198": "for Malthus had everything to do with", "147kW78SeS4-00840-00403198-00403677": "natural proclivities of the working class to reproduce", "147kW78SeS4-00841-00403677-00404304": "too fast, versus scarcity in nature,", "147kW78SeS4-00842-00404304-00404724": "therefore: poverty is natural.", "147kW78SeS4-00843-00404724-00404973": "Marx is saying: that's nonsense!", "147kW78SeS4-00844-00404973-00405301": "Poverty is actually produced,", "147kW78SeS4-00845-00405301-00405643": "this is his point,", "147kW78SeS4-00846-00405643-00406053": "going back to the 'Fable of the bees' and Mandeville,", "147kW78SeS4-00847-00406053-00406818": "Poverty is actually produced by the capitalist dynamic,", "147kW78SeS4-00848-00406818-00407222": "and he says in next paragraph:", "147kW78SeS4-00849-00407222-00407667": "“But if a surplus population of workers is a necessary product of accumulation", "147kW78SeS4-00850-00407667-00407901": "or of the development of wealth on a capitalist basis,", "147kW78SeS4-00851-00407901-00408433": "this surplus population also becomes, conversely, the lever of capitalist accumulation,", "147kW78SeS4-00852-00408433-00408848": "indeed it becomes a condition for the existence of the capitalist mode of production.", "147kW78SeS4-00853-00408848-00409348": "It forms a disposable industrial reserve army, which belongs to capital just as absolutely", "147kW78SeS4-00854-00409348-00409912": "as if the latter had bred it at its own cost.", "147kW78SeS4-00855-00409912-00410583": "Independently of the limits of the actual increase of population, it creates a mass of human material", "147kW78SeS4-00856-00410583-00411007": "always ready for exploitation by capital in the interests of capital's own changing", "147kW78SeS4-00857-00411007-00411507": "valorization requirements.”", "147kW78SeS4-00858-00411881-00412176": "Then he talks about the varying phases of", "147kW78SeS4-00859-00412176-00412516": "re-absorption of some of this surplus that is thrown out of work,", "147kW78SeS4-00860-00412516-00413267": "and then throwing them out of work by another round of technological change.", "147kW78SeS4-00861-00413267-00413452": "And as he says,", "147kW78SeS4-00862-00413452-00414152": "this sophisticated system was not really possible in capitalism's infancy.", "147kW78SeS4-00863-00414225-00414996": "Again he comes back to the irony, on p.786, when he says:", "147kW78SeS4-00864-00414996-00415762": "“This increase [of the surplus population] is effected by the simple process that constantly", "147kW78SeS4-00865-00415762-00416175": "'sets free' a part of the working class…”", "147kW78SeS4-00866-00416175-00416506": "It 'sets them free' by", "147kW78SeS4-00867-00416506-00417148": "engaging technologically induced unemployment.", "147kW78SeS4-00868-00417148-00417752": "Some kind of freedom that is!", "147kW78SeS4-00869-00417752-00418286": "He says, again and again,", "147kW78SeS4-00870-00418286-00418986": "that the existence of a surplus population is absolutely crucial.", "147kW78SeS4-00871-00419205-00419313": "p.788:", "147kW78SeS4-00872-00419313-00419990": "“Capitalist production can by no means content itself with the quantity of disposable labour-power", "147kW78SeS4-00873-00419990-00420195": "which the natural increase of population yields.", "147kW78SeS4-00874-00420195-00420584": "It requires for its unrestricted activity an industrial reserve army", "147kW78SeS4-00875-00420584-00420834": "which is independent of these natural limits.”", "147kW78SeS4-00876-00420834-00420886": "In other words:", "147kW78SeS4-00877-00420886-00421448": "it wouldn't matter what the rate of population increase was,", "147kW78SeS4-00878-00421448-00421796": "you'd still have poverty,", "147kW78SeS4-00879-00421796-00422093": "even if Malthus was all wrong", "147kW78SeS4-00880-00422093-00422793": "about working-class reproducing, and being too fecund and all of that.", "147kW78SeS4-00881-00422804-00423058": "It wouldn't matter because capitalism would simply", "147kW78SeS4-00882-00423058-00423738": "go ahead and produces its surplus population in this kind of way.", "147kW78SeS4-00883-00423738-00424274": "And this has a number of effects,", "147kW78SeS4-00884-00424274-00424684": "one is: it allows the capitalist to", "147kW78SeS4-00885-00424684-00424949": "discipline the labour-force.", "147kW78SeS4-00886-00424949-00425177": "In other words, it's a constant threat", "147kW78SeS4-00887-00425177-00425346": "which the capitalist has of", "147kW78SeS4-00888-00425346-00425871": "forcing unemployment upon the working-class.", "147kW78SeS4-00889-00425871-00426434": "And one of those threats to be exercised", "147kW78SeS4-00890-00426577-00427045": "with the purpose of deskilling, as he says on p.788 at the bottom,", "147kW78SeS4-00891-00427045-00428096": "the displacement of more skilled labour-power by inferior labour-power.", "147kW78SeS4-00892-00428203-00429313": "It also allows, as he says on the next page:", "147kW78SeS4-00893-00429355-00429746": "“If the means of production, as they increase in extent", "147kW78SeS4-00894-00429746-00429943": "and effective power, become to a lesser extent means for employing workers,", "147kW78SeS4-00895-00429943-00430343": "this relation is itself in turn modified by the fact", "147kW78SeS4-00896-00430343-00430812": "that in proportion as the productivity of labour increases, capital increases its supply of labour", "147kW78SeS4-00897-00430812-00431061": "more quickly than its demand for workers.", "147kW78SeS4-00898-00431061-00431761": "The over-work of the employed part of the working class swells the ranks of its reserve…", "147kW78SeS4-00899-00431780-00432201": "The condemnation of one part of the working class to enforced idleness by the over-work", "147kW78SeS4-00900-00432201-00432646": "of the other part, and vice versa, becomes a means of enriching the individual capitalists,", "147kW78SeS4-00901-00432646-00432947": "and accelerates at the same time the production of the industrial reserve army on a", "147kW78SeS4-00902-00432947-00433333": "scale corresponding with the progress of social accumulation.”", "147kW78SeS4-00903-00433333-00433957": "Now, there's a very interesting thing that's been going on over the last 30 years,", "147kW78SeS4-00904-00433957-00434373": "which is we've seen extensive structural unemployment,", "147kW78SeS4-00905-00434373-00434884": "at the same time as the existing employed working class,", "147kW78SeS4-00906-00434884-00435584": "in many instances has been forced to do over-time,", "147kW78SeS4-00907-00435611-00436092": "has been forced by the threat of unemployment", "147kW78SeS4-00908-00436092-00436430": "to intensify their efforts.", "147kW78SeS4-00909-00436430-00436665": "So in other words,", "147kW78SeS4-00910-00436665-00437190": "this mechanism of capital is not simply about", "147kW78SeS4-00911-00437190-00437478": "unemploying people,", "147kW78SeS4-00912-00437478-00438317": "it's also about exercising a political power over the workers.", "147kW78SeS4-00913-00439003-00439859": "The result, he says (p.790), is that the general movement of wages in turn", "147kW78SeS4-00914-00439859-00440296": "“are exclusively regulated by the expansion and contraction of the industrial reserve army,", "147kW78SeS4-00915-00440296-00441230": "and this in turn corresponds to the periodic alternations of the industrial cycle.”", "147kW78SeS4-00916-00441230-00441661": "On p.792 in the middle:", "147kW78SeS4-00917-00441661-00442071": "“The industrial reserve army, during the periods of stagnation and average prosperity, weighs down", "147kW78SeS4-00918-00442071-00442437": "the active army of workers;", "147kW78SeS4-00919-00442437-00442959": "during the periods of over-production and feverish activity, it puts a curb on their pretensions.", "147kW78SeS4-00920-00442959-00443351": "The relative surplus population is therefore the background against which the law of the demand", "147kW78SeS4-00921-00443351-00443571": "and supply of labour does its work.", "147kW78SeS4-00922-00443571-00444082": "It confines the field of action of this law to the limits absolutely convenient to capital's drive", "147kW78SeS4-00923-00444082-00444448": "to exploit and dominate the workers.”", "147kW78SeS4-00924-00444448-00444625": "Here we're taking up", "147kW78SeS4-00925-00444625-00444993": "the idea of technological change,", "147kW78SeS4-00926-00444993-00445274": "organizational changes, as a weapon of class struggle", "147kW78SeS4-00927-00445274-00445410": "with a vengeance.", "147kW78SeS4-00928-00445410-00445626": "You've come across it", "147kW78SeS4-00929-00445626-00446122": "in the chapter on machinery.", "147kW78SeS4-00930-00446122-00446539": "and the oddity of this, he then remarks on p.793,", "147kW78SeS4-00931-00446539-00446988": "is that “The demand for labour is not identical with increase of capital,", "147kW78SeS4-00932-00446988-00447297": "nor is supply of labour identical with increase of the working class.", "147kW78SeS4-00933-00447297-00447746": "It is not a case of two independent forces working on each other.", "147kW78SeS4-00934-00447746-00448076": "Capital acts on both sides at once.”", "147kW78SeS4-00935-00448076-00448471": "Capital, in fact, controls the demand for labour,", "147kW78SeS4-00936-00448471-00448846": "at the same time as it also controls the supply", "147kW78SeS4-00937-00448846-00449153": "of a surplus population,", "147kW78SeS4-00938-00449153-00449853": "a relative surplus population, an industrial reserve army.", "147kW78SeS4-00939-00449892-00450278": "He then goes on to say: \"If its accumulation on the one hand increases the demand for labour,", "147kW78SeS4-00940-00450278-00450394": "it increases on the other hand", "147kW78SeS4-00941-00450394-00450784": "the supply of workers by 'setting them free',", "147kW78SeS4-00942-00450784-00451054": "while at the same time the pressure of the unemployed compels those", "147kW78SeS4-00943-00451054-00451294": "who are employed to furnish more labour,", "147kW78SeS4-00944-00451294-00451994": "and therefore makes the supply of labour to a certain extent independent of the supply of workers.", "147kW78SeS4-00945-00452143-00452432": "The movement of the law of supply and demand of labour on this basis completes", "147kW78SeS4-00946-00452532-00452721": "the despotism of capital.”", "147kW78SeS4-00947-00452921-00453201": "Capital works on both sides,", "147kW78SeS4-00948-00453201-00453760": "it has control of both sides.", "147kW78SeS4-00949-00453760-00453911": "The answer, of course,", "147kW78SeS4-00950-00453911-00454214": "is for workers to organize, so Marx here,", "147kW78SeS4-00951-00454214-00454588": "for the first time introduces the idea", "147kW78SeS4-00952-00454588-00454996": "of trade-unions and labour organization.", "147kW78SeS4-00953-00454996-00455378": "“as soon as the workers learn the secret of why it happens that the more they work,", "147kW78SeS4-00954-00455378-00455597": "the more alien wealth they produce,", "147kW78SeS4-00955-00455597-00456024": "and that the more the productivity of their labour increases, the more does their very function", "147kW78SeS4-00956-00456024-00456405": "as a means for the valorization of capital become precarious…", "147kW78SeS4-00957-00456405-00456894": "…as soon as, by setting up trade unions, etc., they try to organize planned co-operation", "147kW78SeS4-00958-00456894-00457136": "between the employed and the unemployed", "147kW78SeS4-00959-00457136-00457557": "in order to obviate or to weaken the ruinous effects of this natural law of capitalist production", "147kW78SeS4-00960-00457557-00457657": "on their class,", "147kW78SeS4-00961-00457657-00458063": "so soon does capital and its sycophant, political economy, cry out", "147kW78SeS4-00962-00458063-00458539": "at the infringement of the 'eternal' and so to speak 'sacred' law of supply and demand.", "147kW78SeS4-00963-00458763-00459405": "Every combination between employed and unemployed disturbs the 'pure' action of this law.”", "147kW78SeS4-00964-00459405-00460046": "Then Marx introduces the idea of colonies and so on,", "147kW78SeS4-00965-00460046-00460910": "\"…will prevent the creation of an industrial reserve army…”", "147kW78SeS4-00966-00461034-00461245": "So the point here is that,", "147kW78SeS4-00967-00461245-00461567": "in this model of accumulation,", "147kW78SeS4-00968-00461567-00462163": "what we see is the utilization of capital's command over", "147kW78SeS4-00969-00462163-00462485": "organizational forms and technologies,", "147kW78SeS4-00970-00462485-00462667": "centralization,", "147kW78SeS4-00971-00462667-00462893": "new technological forms,", "147kW78SeS4-00972-00462893-00463033": "organizational forms,", "147kW78SeS4-00973-00463033-00463273": "as a weapon in class struggle", "147kW78SeS4-00974-00463273-00464040": "which actually regulates both the demand and supply of labour.", "147kW78SeS4-00975-00464040-00464195": "This is, if you like", "147kW78SeS4-00976-00464195-00464573": "the more sophisticated version", "147kW78SeS4-00977-00464573-00464888": "of the model of capital accumulation", "147kW78SeS4-00978-00464888-00465114": "which Marx constructs.", "147kW78SeS4-00979-00465114-00465461": "And as we'll see in the next section,", "147kW78SeS4-00980-00465461-00465817": "this leads him to the construction of production", "147kW78SeS4-00981-00465817-00466517": "of a relative surplus population, so Marx then talks about that.", "147kW78SeS4-00982-00466568-00466890": "But I'd just like to pause here and ask if you've got any kind of questions", "147kW78SeS4-00983-00466890-00467340": "about these two models and the bit in between about", "147kW78SeS4-00984-00467340-00467998": "organic, and value, and technical composition.", "147kW78SeS4-00985-00467998-00468398": "Or is it all clear?", "147kW78SeS4-00986-00468598-00469033": "» STUDENT: You said that there could be some factors that go against", "147kW78SeS4-00987-00469033-00469233": "the idea of a falling rate of profit?", "147kW78SeS4-00988-00469233-00469557": "» HARVEY: Well, one would be, for example, a pattern of", "147kW78SeS4-00989-00469557-00469845": "technological change which is capital saving,", "147kW78SeS4-00990-00469845-00470252": "which is not labour saving at all, but capital saving.", "147kW78SeS4-00991-00470252-00470801": "I.e: the means of production become cheaper faster.", "147kW78SeS4-00992-00470801-00471260": "Out of that comes…", "147kW78SeS4-00993-00471260-00471762": "Marx mentions foreign trade, and while he doesn't mention the word 'imperialism',", "147kW78SeS4-00994-00471762-00472330": "you could also introduce into this, imperialist domination", "147kW78SeS4-00995-00472330-00472934": "of raw material sources to make them extremely cheap,", "147kW78SeS4-00996-00472934-00473068": "so that", "147kW78SeS4-00997-00473068-00473768": "raw materials become cheaper and cheaper and cheaper because of imperialist domination.", "147kW78SeS4-00998-00474152-00474642": "As I already mentioned, there are patterns of technological change,", "147kW78SeS4-00999-00474642-00475003": "which would not give you a rising organic composition of capital at all,", "147kW78SeS4-01000-00475003-00475193": "but a stable organic composition of capital,", "147kW78SeS4-01001-00475193-00475679": "and in certain instances you might even get a declining organic composition of capital.", "147kW78SeS4-01002-00475679-00476336": "It really depends upon what kind of technological change you're talking about.", "147kW78SeS4-01003-00476336-00476799": "Now, I think there's no question that Marx' intuition that a lot of", "147kW78SeS4-01004-00476799-00477133": "capitalist technological change is about labour-saving,", "147kW78SeS4-01005-00477133-00477318": "is correct.", "147kW78SeS4-01006-00477318-00477453": "And to the degree that it", "147kW78SeS4-01007-00477453-00477899": "is biased towards labour saving, it would indeed produce", "147kW78SeS4-01008-00477899-00478259": "some of the difficulties that Marx is pointing to,", "147kW78SeS4-01009-00478259-00478624": "but there's no necessity for that,", "147kW78SeS4-01010-00478624-00478886": "you could imagine something else. In other words,", "147kW78SeS4-01011-00478886-00479297": "there are people who now would argue that actually you can set up a dynamic model", "147kW78SeS4-01012-00479297-00479466": "of this kind", "147kW78SeS4-01013-00479466-00479838": "with a pattern of technological change which is", "147kW78SeS4-01014-00479838-00480051": "going to equilibrate the system,", "147kW78SeS4-01015-00480509-00480757": "and give you a stable rate of profit over time.", "147kW78SeS4-01016-00480757-00481368": "The difficulty is to define exactly what the pattern of technological changes is that does that.", "147kW78SeS4-01017-00481368-00481942": "And so people talk for example about a knife-edge,", "147kW78SeS4-01018-00481942-00482271": "the appropriate technological change which is going to keep you in balance, you move too far", "147kW78SeS4-01019-00482271-00482447": "in one direction,", "147kW78SeS4-01020-00482447-00482609": "you get a crisis", "147kW78SeS4-01021-00482609-00482940": "of the sort that Marx is talking about, you move to far in the other direction,", "147kW78SeS4-01022-00482940-00483519": "you've got another kind of crisis.", "147kW78SeS4-01023-00483519-00483829": "And in any case,", "147kW78SeS4-01024-00483829-00484363": "don't forget the assumptions we started out with,", "147kW78SeS4-01025-00484363-00484952": "for instance, if there is a serious problem in the market", "147kW78SeS4-01026-00484952-00485189": "then you may want to employ more workers and", "147kW78SeS4-01027-00485189-00485780": "you might want to give them more purchasing power because they've become an important part", "147kW78SeS4-01028-00485780-00486457": "of the consumerism that is going to mob up the surplus-value.", "147kW78SeS4-01029-00486457-00486820": "We ruled that out by assumption,", "147kW78SeS4-01030-00486820-00487192": "so far, we assume that's not a problem, but you see that could", "147kW78SeS4-01031-00487192-00487412": "indeed be a problem,", "147kW78SeS4-01032-00487412-00487763": "in which case you wouldn't want to go this way anyway.", "147kW78SeS4-01033-00487763-00488147": "The social system would have to go in another direction, that is to try to", "147kW78SeS4-01034-00488147-00488406": "employ more workers,", "147kW78SeS4-01035-00488406-00488800": "as a way of consuming the capitalist product,", "147kW78SeS4-01036-00488800-00489440": "otherwise you got a problem of", "147kW78SeS4-01037-00489440-00489822": "to whom do capitalists market their product?", "147kW78SeS4-01038-00489822-00490138": "Actually, it's very interesting,", "147kW78SeS4-01039-00490138-00490284": "Marx himself", "147kW78SeS4-01040-00490284-00490843": "at various points, both in the Grundrisse and in Volume 3 of Capital, talks about", "147kW78SeS4-01041-00490843-00490984": "counter-acting influences,", "147kW78SeS4-01042-00491129-00491407": "and he changes his language in Volume 3:", "147kW78SeS4-01043-00491407-00491701": "The falling rate of profit goes from being a law,", "147kW78SeS4-01044-00491701-00491905": "to being a law of a tendency,", "147kW78SeS4-01045-00491905-00492280": "to being a tendency.", "147kW78SeS4-01046-00492280-00492655": "So, you see he's beginning", "147kW78SeS4-01047-00492655-00492884": "to see that there may be some problems with it.", "147kW78SeS4-01048-00492884-00493028": "And at various points,", "147kW78SeS4-01049-00493028-00493262": "both in Capital and the Grundrisse, he talks about", "147kW78SeS4-01050-00493262-00493514": "the factors that can offset", "147kW78SeS4-01051-00493514-00493904": "the law of the tendency of the falling rate of profit.", "147kW78SeS4-01052-00493904-00494366": "And by the time to go through all of those factors, you say to yourself 'well,", "147kW78SeS4-01053-00494366-00494634": "if you add all of these up,", "147kW78SeS4-01054-00494634-00495061": "this law of the falling rate of profit is no law,", "147kW78SeS4-01055-00495061-00495411": "it's a tendency which you can see there, it has", "147kW78SeS4-01056-00495411-00495805": "elements of truth to it but", "147kW78SeS4-01057-00495805-00496132": "you can't call it a mechanical law,", "147kW78SeS4-01058-00496132-00496616": "and it's very dangerous, i think, to do that.", "147kW78SeS4-01059-00496616-00497005": "And after all, if Marx was correct", "147kW78SeS4-01060-00497005-00497071": "in saying that there's", "147kW78SeS4-01061-00497071-00497686": "a law of rising organic composition of capital,", "147kW78SeS4-01062-00497686-00498030": "and there's a falling rate of profit, we should have been having a falling rate of profit since", "147kW78SeS4-01063-00498030-00498338": "1850 at least.", "147kW78SeS4-01064-00498338-00498708": "And we should be closer and closer to zero, but we are not closer and closer to zero,", "147kW78SeS4-01065-00498708-00498853": "we plainly are not.", "147kW78SeS4-01066-00498853-00499146": "And this is then one of the things", "147kW78SeS4-01067-00499146-00499846": "he mentions, is opening up new sectors of production which are labour intensive.", "147kW78SeS4-01068-00499917-00500106": "Now think of that.", "147kW78SeS4-01069-00500106-00500501": "Think about what global capitalism has been doing,", "147kW78SeS4-01070-00500501-00500764": "a lot of the sectors of production which have opened up", "147kW78SeS4-01071-00500764-00501146": "has been labour intensive,", "147kW78SeS4-01072-00501146-00501410": "and in fact the proletariat has increased", "147kW78SeS4-01073-00501410-00501801": "by about two billion people over the last thirty years.", "147kW78SeS4-01074-00501801-00502013": "China,", "147kW78SeS4-01075-00502013-00502199": "Indonesia, so", "147kW78SeS4-01076-00502199-00502720": "new lines of production have opened up, many of which are labour intensive.", "147kW78SeS4-01077-00502720-00503109": "And actually, interestingly, in China", "147kW78SeS4-01078-00503109-00503613": "they're even in some instances dismantling these new technologies,", "147kW78SeS4-01079-00503613-00504038": "which are highly capital-intensive because they're so expensive.", "147kW78SeS4-01080-00504038-00504453": "They can buy these new technologies from the United States, very expensive,", "147kW78SeS4-01081-00504453-00504628": "which are labour saving,", "147kW78SeS4-01082-00504628-00504986": "or they can actually reinvent the production process", "147kW78SeS4-01083-00504986-00505142": "which is labour-intensive.", "147kW78SeS4-01084-00505142-00505417": "And in many instances they've done that, they've gone back to labour intensive,", "147kW78SeS4-01085-00505417-00505517": "and say 'why should we", "147kW78SeS4-01086-00505517-00505801": "buy this expensive piece of machinery,", "147kW78SeS4-01087-00505801-00505974": "when we have", "147kW78SeS4-01088-00505974-00506659": "these incredible available labour resources around?", "147kW78SeS4-01089-00506659-00506830": "Which then, by the way,", "147kW78SeS4-01090-00506830-00507142": "brings back one point of limitation on this", "147kW78SeS4-01091-00507142-00507396": "new technology stuff,", "147kW78SeS4-01092-00507396-00507540": "can you remember", "147kW78SeS4-01093-00507540-00508240": "what it is that puts a limitation on the employment of new machines?", "147kW78SeS4-01094-00508329-00508668": "STUDENT: Not until everyone catches up and gets… HARVEY: Well, yes, but the other", "147kW78SeS4-01095-00508668-00508793": "is that the machine,", "147kW78SeS4-01096-00508793-00509373": "the value of the machine has to be less than the labour that's saved by it.", "147kW78SeS4-01097-00509373-00509755": "So, when you get to the point where the demand for labour", "147kW78SeS4-01098-00509755-00509979": "and", "147kW78SeS4-01099-00509979-00510551": "the wage rate has gone down so much because you have such a massive surplus population,", "147kW78SeS4-01100-00510551-00511098": "at some point or other there's no point in", "147kW78SeS4-01101-00511098-00511383": "continuing technological innovation.", "147kW78SeS4-01102-00511383-00511684": "So -that- cycle will go on until such point,", "147kW78SeS4-01103-00511684-00511911": "as you remember the case in Britain,", "147kW78SeS4-01104-00511911-00512258": "which did not employ the technologies which was employed in the United States because", "147kW78SeS4-01105-00512258-00512625": "there was such a surplus of labour in Britain, that it didn't make", "147kW78SeS4-01106-00512625-00512899": "economic sense to employ those technologies.", "147kW78SeS4-01107-00512899-00513313": "So what you may get is a situation where you produce such a surplus of population", "147kW78SeS4-01108-00513313-00513588": "at a given place,", "147kW78SeS4-01109-00513588-00514181": "that therefore there's no incentive for technological innovation, and you go back, in effect,", "147kW78SeS4-01110-00514181-00514757": "you switch back into this model 1 situation.", "147kW78SeS4-01111-00514757-00515084": "So again there are many situations where", "147kW78SeS4-01112-00515084-00515505": "you can imagine this,", "147kW78SeS4-01113-00515505-00516163": "if you emphasize the fluid possibilities of this,", "147kW78SeS4-01114-00516163-00516847": "and that's why this language of a law strikes me as a bit odd. Marx", "147kW78SeS4-01115-00516847-00517287": "generally speaking is always talking about the fluidity and the process", "147kW78SeS4-01116-00517287-00517531": "and the capacity. And then", "147kW78SeS4-01117-00517531-00517717": "turned up with", "147kW78SeS4-01118-00517717-00518110": "a pretty rigid statement about the law of rising organic composition of capital as he", "147kW78SeS4-01119-00518110-00518207": "does here.", "147kW78SeS4-01120-00518207-00518484": "He clearly thought", "147kW78SeS4-01121-00518484-00518786": "that he'd cracked the problem", "147kW78SeS4-01122-00518786-00519109": "of the falling rate of profit.", "147kW78SeS4-01123-00519109-00519534": "And that was to come in Volume Three of Capital,", "147kW78SeS4-01124-00519534-00519682": "and he felt", "147kW78SeS4-01125-00519682-00520213": "it very important to insert into Volume One of Capital his arguments about organic", "147kW78SeS4-01126-00520213-00520703": "value composition and technical composition, as a foundation for the Volume 3 argument.", "147kW78SeS4-01127-00520703-00521053": "He never completed the Volume 3 argument,", "147kW78SeS4-01128-00521053-00521496": "it's a bit all over the place and as i've suggested to you, the language there switches from", "147kW78SeS4-01129-00521496-00521732": "law to law of a tendency to tendency,", "147kW78SeS4-01130-00521732-00522338": "and in any case, there are all these counteracting forces which exist.", "147kW78SeS4-01131-00522338-00522835": "But I think as always with Marx, he's onto something which is important", "147kW78SeS4-01132-00522835-00523355": "by the way he has voiced it here is in this seemingly rigid", "147kW78SeS4-01133-00523355-00523955": "form which as many subsequent", "147kW78SeS4-01134-00523955-00524355": "theorists have suggested, doesn't really work.", "147kW78SeS4-01135-00524620-00525013": "And these kinds of models by the way have now being worked out mathematically,", "147kW78SeS4-01136-00525013-00525155": "so if you want", "147kW78SeS4-01137-00525155-00525717": "a good mathematical version of all of this, you go read somebody like Morishima,", "147kW78SeS4-01138-00525717-00525971": "'Marx's economics'.", "147kW78SeS4-01139-00525971-00526279": "Morishima is a first-rate mathematician,", "147kW78SeS4-01140-00526279-00526673": "and works all these things out mathematically, and basically says: there are instances", "147kW78SeS4-01141-00526673-00526932": "where a falling rate of profit could occur,", "147kW78SeS4-01142-00526932-00527361": "but there are plenty of instances where it won't.", "147kW78SeS4-01143-00527361-00527959": "But what Morishima emphasizes is the destabilizing role of technological change.", "147kW78SeS4-01144-00527959-00528244": "Which I think is right.", "147kW78SeS4-01145-00528244-00528519": "and if you look at our own society and we look at", "147kW78SeS4-01146-00528519-00528806": "the patterns of technological change,", "147kW78SeS4-01147-00528806-00529138": "and its relationship to worker control,", "147kW78SeS4-01148-00529138-00529419": "and the production of a relative surplus population and 1:28:14.199, 1:28:16.199 the role that that relative surplus population", "147kW78SeS4-01149-00529619-00529701": "has played,", "147kW78SeS4-01150-00529701-00529883": "say in Europe in particular,", "147kW78SeS4-01151-00529883-00530251": "has been particularly strong.", "147kW78SeS4-01152-00530251-00530765": "I mean, the structural unemployment in Europe is going on now for about twenty years,", "147kW78SeS4-01153-00530886-00531354": "and this is one of the ways in which you try to discipline the labour force all of the time,", "147kW78SeS4-01154-00531354-00531526": "hasn't worked too well,", "147kW78SeS4-01155-00531526-00531836": "but that's part of the dynamics of it.", "147kW78SeS4-01156-00531836-00532074": "In this country, of course, we've had", "147kW78SeS4-01157-00532074-00532565": "no need for that, the dynamics have gone on,", "147kW78SeS4-01158-00532565-00532932": "the insecurity generated amongst the working-class,", "147kW78SeS4-01159-00532932-00533878": "labour organization has not been that strong, labour organizations being effectively minimized,", "147kW78SeS4-01160-00533878-00534423": "the powers of technological change are not resisted,", "147kW78SeS4-01161-00534423-00534738": "and so capitalists can pretty much have it their own way,", "147kW78SeS4-01162-00534738-00535156": "and in addition if they can't have it their own way here, they go to China or", "147kW78SeS4-01163-00535156-00535382": "maquila zones or whatever.", "147kW78SeS4-01164-00535382-00535708": "But again, I think it's very important to recognize,", "147kW78SeS4-01165-00535708-00535999": "i think i mentioned this before,", "147kW78SeS4-01166-00535999-00536830": "that one of the biggest sources of insecurity in the labour force", "147kW78SeS4-01167-00536830-00537530": "and loss of jobs in this country is technological change, not outsourcing.", "147kW78SeS4-01168-00537601-00537884": "So, again, I think Marx is correct", "147kW78SeS4-01169-00537884-00538265": "very much to talk about the power of technological change", "147kW78SeS4-01170-00538265-00538619": "to structure an industrial reserve-army,", "147kW78SeS4-01171-00538619-00538842": "and create an industrial-reserve army,", "147kW78SeS4-01172-00538842-00539801": "and to put pressures on workers so that they don't create a problem.", "147kW78SeS4-01173-00539801-00540085": "As we've seen over the last 30 years,", "147kW78SeS4-01174-00540085-00540346": "capitalists have not shared with the workers any", "147kW78SeS4-01175-00540346-00540973": "of the gains that have been had from rising productivity, capitalists have taken it all.", "147kW78SeS4-01176-00540973-00541584": "Workers essentially won nothing", "147kW78SeS4-01177-00541584-00541967": "in terms of the benefits that come from rising productivity, which was not true in", "147kW78SeS4-01178-00541967-00542536": "the 1950s-60s, was not even true in the 1920s.", "147kW78SeS4-01179-00542536-00542854": "So that, this is a very unique period in", "147kW78SeS4-01180-00542854-00543882": "US history where none of those gains have been shared.", "147kW78SeS4-01181-00544246-00544859": "Ok, so if there are no more questions, lets go on to look at section 4.", "147kW78SeS4-01182-00544859-00545187": "We get three forms of", "147kW78SeS4-01183-00545187-00545363": "an industrial reserve army:", "147kW78SeS4-01184-00545363-00545891": "floating, the latent and the stagnant.", "147kW78SeS4-01185-00546340-00547040": "The floating, essentially are", "147kW78SeS4-01186-00547121-00547576": "workers who've been fully proletarianized,", "147kW78SeS4-01187-00547576-00548259": "fully integrated into the commodification of labour-power", "147kW78SeS4-01188-00548259-00548923": "and have been employed but were thrown out by these", "147kW78SeS4-01189-00548923-00549421": "waves of technological innovation which create unemployment.", "147kW78SeS4-01190-00549421-00549869": "They are people who are in the workforce and out of the workforce, depending upon", "147kW78SeS4-01191-00549869-00550195": "the industrial cycle.", "147kW78SeS4-01192-00550195-00550761": "They are typically registered as unemployed,", "147kW78SeS4-01193-00550761-00551015": "people seeking employment,", "147kW78SeS4-01194-00551015-00551369": "who've got unemployed.", "147kW78SeS4-01195-00551369-00551617": "So you can get a measure of the floating population in this country", "147kW78SeS4-01196-00551617-00551894": "by looking at data on the unemployed,", "147kW78SeS4-01197-00551894-00552392": "the data is not that great,", "147kW78SeS4-01198-00552392-00552751": "and the category of the 'discouraged worker' ought to be in there,", "147kW78SeS4-01199-00552751-00552922": "as well, which is", "147kW78SeS4-01200-00552922-00553413": "workers who have just given up trying to get a job.", "147kW78SeS4-01201-00553413-00553784": "So, you've got a floating population.", "147kW78SeS4-01202-00553784-00554244": "The latent population", "147kW78SeS4-01203-00554244-00554944": "are groups in the population who have not yet been fully proletarianized.", "147kW78SeS4-01204-00554963-00555788": "Marx frequently mentions the way in which women and children were drawn into", "147kW78SeS4-01205-00555788-00556074": "the labour force.", "147kW78SeS4-01206-00556074-00556759": "In his time one of the biggest reserves was of course the peasant, agrarian population", "147kW78SeS4-01207-00556759-00557111": "increasingly thrown off the land.", "147kW78SeS4-01208-00557111-00557364": "And that has not gone away,", "147kW78SeS4-01209-00557364-00557653": "if you look at", "147kW78SeS4-01210-00557653-00558101": "Mexico or India and so on, you'll find an agrarian population that's increasingly being forced off", "147kW78SeS4-01211-00558101-00558544": "the land into the cities as a latent reserve.", "147kW78SeS4-01212-00558544-00559125": "Now, the point about the latent reserve is they have to be mobilized in some way.", "147kW78SeS4-01213-00559125-00559472": "By what processes are they going to be mobilized?", "147kW78SeS4-01214-00559472-00559840": "But there are other latent reserves also,", "147kW78SeS4-01215-00559840-00560357": "there is the petit-bourgeoisie, an independent petit-bourgeoisie.", "147kW78SeS4-01216-00560357-00560766": "An artisan and self-employed population", "147kW78SeS4-01217-00560766-00561307": "that can be forced into the labour force.", "147kW78SeS4-01218-00561307-00561848": "So that, when we start to talk about latent reserves,", "147kW78SeS4-01219-00561848-00562716": "we're talking about a wide range of population possibilities.", "147kW78SeS4-01220-00562716-00563485": "And as soon as we start to think of it geographically,", "147kW78SeS4-01221-00563485-00563668": "then we would say,", "147kW78SeS4-01222-00563668-00564308": "the floating reserve is usually around where capital is,", "147kW78SeS4-01223-00564308-00564863": "the latent reserve is all over the world and can be mobilized.", "147kW78SeS4-01224-00564863-00565426": "In the 19th century you would mobilize coolie labour and take it to South-Africa,", "147kW78SeS4-01225-00565426-00565709": "Fiji or whatever.", "147kW78SeS4-01226-00565709-00566359": "You'd mobilize Indian labour and take it to Trinidad,", "147kW78SeS4-01227-00566359-00566740": "those kinds of things. So the surplus population can be", "147kW78SeS4-01228-00566740-00567517": "global, and increasingly we saw them within Europe,", "147kW78SeS4-01229-00567517-00568237": "in the late 1960s, there was a labour shortage in Europe, and labour was well-organized,", "147kW78SeS4-01230-00568237-00568467": "strongly unionized,", "147kW78SeS4-01231-00568467-00569055": "socialist parties, communist parties,", "147kW78SeS4-01232-00569055-00569457": "and how was the shortage of labour addressed? Well, the French government", "147kW78SeS4-01233-00569457-00570309": "went out and organized a massive importation of labour from the Maghreb.", "147kW78SeS4-01234-00570309-00570690": "This was official government policy in the 1970s,", "147kW78SeS4-01235-00570690-00571382": "they brought them into the car industry and many other areas,", "147kW78SeS4-01236-00571382-00571847": "Maghrebians came into the factories,", "147kW78SeS4-01237-00571847-00572188": "it was a the government policy, which of course it's not anymore,", "147kW78SeS4-01238-00572188-00572488": "now they want to send them back (!)", "147kW78SeS4-01239-00572488-00573061": "but at that time there was a mobilization of this labour-surplus", "147kW78SeS4-01240-00573061-00573305": "from the Maghreb. And look at", "147kW78SeS4-01241-00573305-00573720": "the incredible significance of Mexico", "147kW78SeS4-01242-00573720-00574144": "to the economy of this country, in terms of the labour surplus in Mexico.", "147kW78SeS4-01243-00574144-00574440": "And it's not only in Mexico it's elsewhere, much of Latin-America,", "147kW78SeS4-01244-00574440-00574740": "but the Mexican labour-surplus", "147kW78SeS4-01245-00574740-00575271": "is absolutely crucial as a threat against American labour.", "147kW78SeS4-01246-00575271-00575663": "But also, it has to be mobilized, which is why all this stuff about immigration is getting", "147kW78SeS4-01247-00575663-00576186": "so interesting, because the more you keep Mexican labour out, the less", "147kW78SeS4-01248-00576186-00576669": "the threat that labour surplus becomes,", "147kW78SeS4-01249-00576669-00577050": "and if you really shut it all out,", "147kW78SeS4-01250-00577050-00577625": "and we already see in agribusiness they're already hurting, they haven't got the labour-surplus.", "147kW78SeS4-01251-00577625-00578078": "Strawberries are rotting in the fields and apples aren't being picked of the trees because", "147kW78SeS4-01252-00578078-00578543": "the labour surplus isn't available.", "147kW78SeS4-01253-00578543-00578944": "Immigration stuff is there.", "147kW78SeS4-01254-00578944-00579396": "So the whole question of 'where is the labour surplus?'", "147kW78SeS4-01255-00579396-00579836": "and how it is mobilized,", "147kW78SeS4-01256-00579836-00580093": "the history of", "147kW78SeS4-01257-00580093-00580590": "where that latent surplus is and how it gets mobilized in relationship to the dynamics", "147kW78SeS4-01258-00580590-00581376": "of capital accumulation, is in itself a very fascinating history.", "147kW78SeS4-01259-00581376-00581778": "Countries like Sweden maintain full employment, and everybody says see:", "147kW78SeS4-01260-00581778-00581973": "you can have full employment,", "147kW78SeS4-01261-00581973-00582578": "in a country like Sweden and this, what Marx is talking about, doesn't work.", "147kW78SeS4-01262-00582578-00583136": "And the answer to that is: there are all these labourers coming from", "147kW78SeS4-01263-00583136-00583469": "Yugoslavia, Turkey, etc.", "147kW78SeS4-01264-00583469-00583939": "There was a labour-surplus available to the Swedes and they used it,", "147kW78SeS4-01265-00583939-00584324": "both as labour-control but also as", "147kW78SeS4-01266-00584324-00584617": "the necessary labour-surplus in order to fuel", "147kW78SeS4-01267-00584617-00585194": "accumulation of capital.", "147kW78SeS4-01268-00585194-00585617": "Now, the latent category…", "147kW78SeS4-01269-00585617-00585990": "or rather stagnant category,", "147kW78SeS4-01270-00585990-00586517": "is different from the latent,", "147kW78SeS4-01271-00586517-00586836": "in many way it's…", "147kW78SeS4-01272-00586836-00587228": "Marx says of it, this is about…", "147kW78SeS4-01273-00587228-00587487": "he's not very kind to groups of this sort", "147kW78SeS4-01274-00587487-00587715": "this is the lumpenproletariat,", "147kW78SeS4-01275-00587715-00588175": "the almost unemployable population.", "147kW78SeS4-01276-00588175-00588810": "In some cases you can have sympathy, because as he says, this is the hospital", "147kW78SeS4-01277-00588810-00589228": "of the reserve army.", "147kW78SeS4-01278-00589228-00589592": "And they're people who are so destroyed", "147kW78SeS4-01279-00589592-00589982": "mentally or physically, that it's very hard to mobilize them", "147kW78SeS4-01280-00589982-00590248": "into the population. You can in extremis,", "147kW78SeS4-01281-00590513-00591045": "I guess it's what William Julius Wilson liked to call the 'underclass',", "147kW78SeS4-01282-00591045-00591221": "a term I don't like,", "147kW78SeS4-01283-00591221-00591647": "anymore than I like the term 'lumpenproletariat', but what Marx is talking about is that", "147kW78SeS4-01284-00591647-00592083": "there's a group in the population that has", "147kW78SeS4-01285-00592083-00592669": "been in the proletariat but which can no longer function,", "147kW78SeS4-01286-00592669-00593792": "for a variety of reasons, as part of that proletariat.", "147kW78SeS4-01287-00593792-00594634": "This then leads into the production of pauperism,", "147kW78SeS4-01288-00594981-00595271": "and as he says on p.798:", "147kW78SeS4-01289-00595271-00595529": "“The more extensive, finally,", "147kW78SeS4-01290-00595529-00595933": "the pauperized sections of the working class and the industrial reserve army,", "147kW78SeS4-01291-00595933-00596615": "the greater is official pauperism. This is the absolute general law of capitalist accumulation.”", "147kW78SeS4-01292-00596615-00596838": "Again this is strong language,", "147kW78SeS4-01293-00596838-00597346": "\"the absolute general law of capitalist accumulation\",", "147kW78SeS4-01294-00597346-00597609": "but then of course,", "147kW78SeS4-01295-00597609-00597758": "he introduces his modifier:", "147kW78SeS4-01296-00597758-00598058": "“like all other laws it is modified in its working by many circumstances,", "147kW78SeS4-01297-00598058-00598396": "the analysis of which does not concern us here.”", "147kW78SeS4-01298-00598396-00599280": "Nevertheless, it's a very strong statement but its got its modifier.", "147kW78SeS4-01299-00599280-00599688": "So, “The first word of this adaptation is the creation of a relative surplus population,", "147kW78SeS4-01300-00599688-00599913": "or industrial reserve army.", "147kW78SeS4-01301-00599913-00600597": "Its last word is the misery of constantly expanding strata of the active army of labour,", "147kW78SeS4-01302-00600597-00601270": "and the dead weight of pauperism.”", "147kW78SeS4-01303-00601270-00601636": "He says right at the bottom: “We saw in Part IV, when analysing the production of relative", "147kW78SeS4-01304-00601636-00601941": "surplus-value,", "147kW78SeS4-01305-00601941-00602454": "that within the capitalist system all methods for raising the social productivity of labour", "147kW78SeS4-01306-00602454-00602955": "are put into effect at the cost of the individual worker;", "147kW78SeS4-01307-00602955-00603394": "that all means for the development of production undergo a dialectical inversion", "147kW78SeS4-01308-00603394-00603835": "so that they become means of domination and exploitation of the producers;", "147kW78SeS4-01309-00603835-00604213": "they distort the worker into a fragment of a man,", "147kW78SeS4-01310-00604213-00604548": "they degrade him to the level of an appendage of a machine,", "147kW78SeS4-01311-00604548-00605021": "they destroy the actual content of his labour by turning it into a torment;", "147kW78SeS4-01312-00605021-00605278": "they alienate [entfremden] from him", "147kW78SeS4-01313-00605278-00605547": "the intellectual potentialities of the labour process", "147kW78SeS4-01314-00605547-00606114": "in the same proportion as science is incorporated in it as an independent power;", "147kW78SeS4-01315-00606114-00606417": "they deform the conditions under which he works,", "147kW78SeS4-01316-00606417-00606862": "subject him during the labour process to a despotism the more hateful for its meanness;", "147kW78SeS4-01317-00606862-00607272": "they transform his life-time into working-time, and drag his wife and child", "147kW78SeS4-01318-00607272-00607544": "beneath the wheels of the juggernaut of capital.", "147kW78SeS4-01319-00607544-00607836": "But all methods for the production of surplus-value are at the same time", "147kW78SeS4-01320-00607836-00608036": "methods of accumulation,", "147kW78SeS4-01321-00608036-00608345": "and every extension of accumulation becomes, conversely,", "147kW78SeS4-01322-00608345-00608645": "a means for the development of those methods.", "147kW78SeS4-01323-00608645-00609026": "It follows therefore that in proportion as capital accumulates,", "147kW78SeS4-01324-00609026-00609626": "the situation of the worker, be his payment high or low, must grow worse.", "147kW78SeS4-01325-00609626-00609862": "Finally, the law which always holds the relative surplus population", "147kW78SeS4-01326-00609862-00610162": "or industrial reserve army in equilibrium", "147kW78SeS4-01327-00610162-00610642": "with the extent and energy of accumulation rivets the worker to capital more firmly", "147kW78SeS4-01328-00610642-00611052": "than the wedges of Hephaestus held Prometheus to the rock.", "147kW78SeS4-01329-00611052-00611836": "It makes an accumulation of misery a necessary condition,", "147kW78SeS4-01330-00611836-00612348": "corresponding to the accumulation of wealth.", "147kW78SeS4-01331-00612348-00612798": "Accumulation of wealth at one pole is, therefore, at the same time accumulation of misery,", "147kW78SeS4-01332-00612798-00613498": "the torment of labour, slavery, ignorance, brutalization and moral degradation at the opposite pole,", "147kW78SeS4-01333-00613507-00614640": "i.e. on the side of the class that produces its own product as capital.”", "147kW78SeS4-01334-00614890-00615147": "This is of course the famous thesis", "147kW78SeS4-01335-00615147-00615657": "of the increasing immiseration of the proletariat,", "147kW78SeS4-01336-00615657-00616428": "which is a necessary condition of capitalist accumulation.", "147kW78SeS4-01337-00616428-00616782": "And you'll find people saying immediately: 'well that's not true, let's face it,", "147kW78SeS4-01338-00616782-00617284": "the working-class in this country is much better off than it was a 100 years ago.", "147kW78SeS4-01339-00617284-00617938": "And yeah, okay some of this stuff may be going on in China, Bangladesh, Indonesia etc.", "147kW78SeS4-01340-00617938-00618431": "but let's face it: there has been progress, for many of the workers of the world,", "147kW78SeS4-01341-00618431-00619055": "even when they weren't particularly united'.", "147kW78SeS4-01342-00619055-00619303": "So, this is one of Marx his", "147kW78SeS4-01343-00619303-00619699": "predictions, if you want to call it that, or statements,", "147kW78SeS4-01344-00619699-00620132": "which is often used", "147kW78SeS4-01345-00620132-00620465": "both in a dogmatic way on the part of some marxists, who say", "147kW78SeS4-01346-00620465-00620853": "'see this is what capitalism is bound to do',", "147kW78SeS4-01347-00620853-00621055": "and an equally dogmatic way by a lot of non-marxists", "147kW78SeS4-01348-00621055-00621275": "who say 'well this is what Marx says is bound to happen,", "147kW78SeS4-01349-00621275-00621892": "it didn't happen that way'.", "147kW78SeS4-01350-00621892-00622505": "I think here again it's very important to go back to the assumptions,", "147kW78SeS4-01351-00622505-00622981": "this statement is a statement which is contingent upon", "147kW78SeS4-01352-00622981-00623521": "the dynamics of accumulations as Marx has set this up.", "147kW78SeS4-01353-00623521-00623795": "This is Volume One of Capital,", "147kW78SeS4-01354-00623795-00624261": "we are simply looking at the dynamics of production,", "147kW78SeS4-01355-00624261-00624782": "what goes on within the realm of production", "147kW78SeS4-01356-00624782-00625292": "and within the realm of capital accumulation.", "147kW78SeS4-01357-00625292-00626473": "From that standpoint what we will find is that, at the end of Volume Two,", "147kW78SeS4-01358-00626473-00626667": "Marx will start to talk about", "147kW78SeS4-01359-00626667-00627259": "the problems of effective demand,", "147kW78SeS4-01360-00627259-00627894": "and that the only way which the effective demand problem could be solved", "147kW78SeS4-01361-00627894-00628594": "is by “rational consumption on the part of the working-class”.", "147kW78SeS4-01362-00628651-00629266": "And he means by “rational consumption on the part of the working-class”, two things.", "147kW78SeS4-01363-00629266-00629667": "First, that the working class should have sufficient resources", "147kW78SeS4-01364-00629667-00630415": "available to be able to consume the goods that capitalists produce,", "147kW78SeS4-01365-00630415-00630934": "and secondly, the working class will have acquired the consumption habits", "147kW78SeS4-01366-00630934-00631709": "whereby it will utilize its money incomes", "147kW78SeS4-01367-00631709-00632340": "in ways which fit with the dynamic of accumulation.", "147kW78SeS4-01368-00632340-00632752": "So at the end of Volume 2 we find bourgeois philanthropy is going in", "147kW78SeS4-01369-00632752-00633070": "and teaching the working class how to consume right.", "147kW78SeS4-01370-00633070-00633494": "So they can have a rational consumption from the standpoint", "147kW78SeS4-01371-00633494-00633878": "of the dynamics of accumulation process.", "147kW78SeS4-01372-00633878-00634449": "So the end of Volume 2 gives you a completely different story to this one.", "147kW78SeS4-01373-00634449-00634973": "This one says, if capitalism worked like this,", "147kW78SeS4-01374-00634973-00635203": "just like this,", "147kW78SeS4-01375-00635203-00635701": "then what what you get? You would get this.", "147kW78SeS4-01376-00635701-00636139": "Can we see some of this going on in the world economy?", "147kW78SeS4-01377-00636139-00636540": "The answer is 'yes'.", "147kW78SeS4-01378-00636540-00637122": "You go to China, or Indonesia or Bangladesh", "147kW78SeS4-01379-00637122-00637389": "and you'll see it,", "147kW78SeS4-01380-00637389-00637786": "appalling conditions of exploitation", "147kW78SeS4-01381-00637786-00638244": "you see people being forced off the land, forced into the cities", "147kW78SeS4-01382-00638244-00638651": "the latent reserves are being mobilized all over the place", "147kW78SeS4-01383-00638651-00638878": "by all kinds of mechanisms.", "147kW78SeS4-01384-00638878-00639357": "So yes, you'll see the latent reserves being mobilized.", "147kW78SeS4-01385-00639357-00639565": "And indeed you will see", "147kW78SeS4-01386-00639565-00640265": "agony and toil, and indeed you will see the accumulation of wealth at one pole,", "147kW78SeS4-01387-00640326-00640811": "right now I don't think anybody would deny that capitalism is about the accumulation of wealth,", "147kW78SeS4-01388-00640811-00641331": "at that pole, and there's huge accumulation of wealth going on.", "147kW78SeS4-01389-00641331-00641794": "But where is the production going on that backs up that huge accumulation of wealth", "147kW78SeS4-01390-00641794-00642437": "and what are the conditions of labour which exist?", "147kW78SeS4-01391-00642437-00642936": "Well, you can find out,", "147kW78SeS4-01392-00642936-00643636": "NGOs that have reports and Oxfam and others have reports on this sort of thing.", "147kW78SeS4-01393-00643772-00644127": "Labor organizations have reports on this kind of thing, you'll find reports of this sort", "147kW78SeS4-01394-00644127-00644590": "in UN reports and so on.", "147kW78SeS4-01395-00644590-00644890": "So, yes indeed, the accumulation of wealth at one pole,", "147kW78SeS4-01396-00644890-00645290": "and accumulation of misery at the other pole.", "147kW78SeS4-01397-00645359-00645650": "In many respects over the last thirty years", "147kW78SeS4-01398-00645650-00645907": "the accumulation of wealth at", "147kW78SeS4-01399-00645907-00646364": "one pole has gone astronomically high,", "147kW78SeS4-01400-00646364-00646711": "and the accumulation of misery at the other end has", "147kW78SeS4-01401-00646711-00646998": "gone very much in the other direction.", "147kW78SeS4-01402-00646998-00647417": "In other words, in many respects,", "147kW78SeS4-01403-00647417-00647888": "whereas in the 1950s-60s when you had strong labour organizations", "147kW78SeS4-01404-00647888-00648319": "and social democratic parties and", "147kW78SeS4-01405-00648319-00648619": "see a lot of political pressure", "147kW78SeS4-01406-00648619-00648944": "on the consumer side and all the rest of it,", "147kW78SeS4-01407-00648944-00649341": "you'd argue that in aggregate,", "147kW78SeS4-01408-00649341-00649888": "the whole question of rational consumption was crucial", "147kW78SeS4-01409-00649888-00650109": "to get the people to consume automobiles.", "147kW78SeS4-01410-00650109-00650607": "How do you do that? You build cities where the only way you can get around is with automobiles,", "147kW78SeS4-01411-00650607-00650937": "things of that sort.", "147kW78SeS4-01412-00650937-00651367": "which means that workers have to have money to buy automobiles", "147kW78SeS4-01413-00651367-00651792": "and buy the gasoline and all the things that go with it.", "147kW78SeS4-01414-00651792-00652077": "So, indeed,", "147kW78SeS4-01415-00652077-00652331": "this was not happening in the core", "147kW78SeS4-01416-00652331-00653038": "parts of the world where capitalism was very well-established,", "147kW78SeS4-01417-00653038-00653429": "but since the neo-liberal agenda has taken off,", "147kW78SeS4-01418-00653429-00653969": "since the 1970s or so this has increasingly been happening.", "147kW78SeS4-01419-00653969-00654362": "Working class in this country hasn't gone anywhere", "147kW78SeS4-01420-00654362-00654630": "but workers have been absorbed into,", "147kW78SeS4-01421-00654630-00654991": "about two billion of them since 1970,", "147kW78SeS4-01422-00654991-00655607": "have been mobilized in from the latent reserves into", "147kW78SeS4-01423-00655607-00655836": "active membership of the proletariat,", "147kW78SeS4-01424-00655836-00656056": "not least in China.", "147kW78SeS4-01425-00656056-00656375": "But also of course in the Soviet Union, the ex-Soviet Union,", "147kW78SeS4-01426-00656375-00656651": "and also in several of those countries like India", "147kW78SeS4-01427-00656651-00657090": "and so on which had large agrarian bases,", "147kW78SeS4-01428-00657090-00657642": "large agrarian bases sometimes in Latin-America too.", "147kW78SeS4-01429-00657642-00657873": "So that the latent reserves have been", "147kW78SeS4-01430-00657873-00658543": "really pulled in over the last thirty years", "147kW78SeS4-01431-00658543-00658904": "and you'd argue that you're pretty close,", "147kW78SeS4-01432-00658904-00659238": "you're much closer to this story that's told at the end of Volume One now,", "147kW78SeS4-01433-00659238-00659538": "than you were 30 years ago.", "147kW78SeS4-01434-00659538-00659951": "And that, in a curious kind of way, is predictable", "147kW78SeS4-01435-00659951-00660330": "you see, because what Marx has done, and remember this,", "147kW78SeS4-01436-00660330-00660905": "what Marx has done is to take", "147kW78SeS4-01437-00660905-00661323": "the words of the classical political-economists seriously", "147kW78SeS4-01438-00661323-00661978": "and imagined we are in a perfectly competitive market society.", "147kW78SeS4-01439-00661978-00662421": "In other words he's taken the utopian vision,", "147kW78SeS4-01440-00662421-00662651": "liberal vision,", "147kW78SeS4-01441-00662651-00662888": "taken it at its word", "147kW78SeS4-01442-00662888-00663204": "and then said 'what is the consequence", "147kW78SeS4-01443-00663204-00663705": "of trying to construct a society around that utopian vision?'", "147kW78SeS4-01444-00663705-00663921": "Adam Smith said what?", "147kW78SeS4-01445-00663921-00664110": "The consequence is", "147kW78SeS4-01446-00664110-00664482": "everybody's gonna be better off,", "147kW78SeS4-01447-00664482-00664886": "Marx's argument is: the closer you get to that utopian vision,", "147kW78SeS4-01448-00664886-00665132": "the closer you get", "147kW78SeS4-01449-00665132-00665795": "to accumulation of wealth at one pole, and accumulation of misery at the other pole.", "147kW78SeS4-01450-00665795-00666495": "And that's how it was working in the 19th century and that's what the neo-liberal", "147kW78SeS4-01451-00666524-00666698": "economic and political project", "147kW78SeS4-01452-00666698-00667155": "has yielded us over the last thirty years.", "147kW78SeS4-01453-00667155-00667693": "In other words, it's brought us back much closer to the Volume One analysis", "147kW78SeS4-01454-00667693-00668807": "to the degree that capitalism has changed its trajectory and moved back", "147kW78SeS4-01455-00668807-00669148": "towards that liberal utopian vision,", "147kW78SeS4-01456-00669148-00669628": "in neo-liberal guise.", "147kW78SeS4-01457-00669628-00669977": "So, Marx in a sense has", "147kW78SeS4-01458-00669977-00670540": "taken the classical political-economists seriously, at their word,", "147kW78SeS4-01459-00670540-00670719": "step-by-step shown us", "147kW78SeS4-01460-00670719-00671130": "how the dynamic of capitalism works and brought us to the point of saying:", "147kW78SeS4-01461-00671130-00671338": "if capitalism works this way", "147kW78SeS4-01462-00671338-00671663": "and under the assumptions we've already laid out at the beginning", "147kW78SeS4-01463-00671663-00672005": "then this is the result that's going to come out.", "147kW78SeS4-01464-00672005-00672705": "So why would anybody in their right mind take this particular path?", "147kW78SeS4-01465-00672806-00673354": "Well, the answer is obvious: it's obviously the wealthy.", "147kW78SeS4-01466-00673354-00673790": "And who put us on this path, this neo-liberal path?", "147kW78SeS4-01467-00673790-00674098": "Well, it was the wealthy,", "147kW78SeS4-01468-00674098-00674563": "who decided they weren't getting enough. The wealthy", "147kW78SeS4-01469-00674563-00674853": "weren't getting enough surplus-value,", "147kW78SeS4-01470-00674853-00675219": "wages and real wages were going too high,", "147kW78SeS4-01471-00675219-00675594": "we have to do something about it. What are we gonna do? We launch into", "147kW78SeS4-01472-00675594-00676246": "this version of the model, really push the technological change big time", "147kW78SeS4-01473-00676246-00676766": "at the same time as we discipline labour and we outsource and do all those other things,", "147kW78SeS4-01474-00676766-00677034": "mobilize the latent population.", "147kW78SeS4-01475-00677034-00677378": "That's what globalization has been about,", "147kW78SeS4-01476-00677378-00678040": "it's about creating the necessary conditions which allow", "147kW78SeS4-01477-00678040-00678619": "this result to be achieved, in which there's an immense accumulation of wealth at one pole.", "147kW78SeS4-01478-00678619-00679193": "With no mind as to what goes on at the other pole.", "147kW78SeS4-01479-00679193-00679651": "What Marx does in section 5, as I've suggested to you, it to talk about what's going", "147kW78SeS4-01480-00679651-00680192": "all over the place, in Britain at that time.", "147kW78SeS4-01481-00680192-00681128": "We could write section 5 about conditions of labour in Nike factories,", "147kW78SeS4-01482-00681128-00681714": "GAP factories, all the rest of it, in Guatamala, in maquila zones,", "147kW78SeS4-01483-00681714-00682061": "in China etc. We could write this stuff,", "147kW78SeS4-01484-00682061-00682393": "it's not hard to go the reports in the press and", "147kW78SeS4-01485-00682393-00682859": "to go to reports in the press and assemble it.", "147kW78SeS4-01486-00682859-00683288": "In fact, when I used to set exams on this class,", "147kW78SeS4-01487-00683288-00683715": "about six years ago, one of the exams I had set was:", "147kW78SeS4-01488-00683715-00684101": "imagine you've had a letter from your parents at home,", "147kW78SeS4-01489-00684101-00684533": "saying 'Oh, I hear you're taking a course on Marx's Capital,", "147kW78SeS4-01490-00684833-00685076": "I guess it's pretty interesting,", "147kW78SeS4-01491-00685076-00685542": "once upon a time capital worked like that but thank god it's no longer like that.", "147kW78SeS4-01492-00685542-00685942": "Then I gave them a great wadge of newspaper accounts, from respectable sources like the", "147kW78SeS4-01493-00685942-00686359": "New York Times, about Indonesian factories and", "147kW78SeS4-01494-00686359-00686580": "Vietnamese factories and what's going on in Guatemala,", "147kW78SeS4-01495-00686580-00686740": "and what happened to Kathie Lee Gifford when", "147kW78SeS4-01496-00686740-00687157": "she found out that all of her nice clothing system was", "147kW78SeS4-01497-00687157-00687584": "being produced in Guatemala by thirteen-year-old kids who hadn't been paid for 6 months,", "147kW78SeS4-01498-00687584-00687879": "all those kinds of things. So I said,", "147kW78SeS4-01499-00687879-00688437": "why don't you construct a letter back to your parents explaining this.", "147kW78SeS4-01500-00688437-00688785": "So they did, and then I asked them: well, did you send it?", "147kW78SeS4-01501-00688785-00689091": "They said: No! No!", "147kW78SeS4-01502-00689091-00689462": "It's actually really quite shocking right now, when you go into that literature, you don't have", "147kW78SeS4-01503-00689462-00689740": "to go far to find a vast literature", "147kW78SeS4-01504-00689740-00690223": "from which you construct the equivalent of section 5 around this thesis and you'll just show", "147kW78SeS4-01505-00690223-00690651": "how this is going on globally without any difficulty whatsoever.", "147kW78SeS4-01506-00690651-00690903": "And that again, I think, is in part,", "147kW78SeS4-01507-00690903-00691190": "a tribute to Marx's strength in analysis.", "147kW78SeS4-01508-00691190-00691589": "That he brings you to the point where you can see", "147kW78SeS4-01509-00691589-00692067": "clearly that a free market system will produce this result", "147kW78SeS4-01510-00692067-00692309": "to the degree that it's followed.", "147kW78SeS4-01511-00692309-00692757": "Including, by the way, and this is interesting: including the increasing centralization of", "147kW78SeS4-01512-00692757-00693594": "capital, that the free market system", "147kW78SeS4-01513-00693594-00693851": "is going to disrupt and destroy its own conditions", "147kW78SeS4-01514-00693851-00694451": "by actually tending more and more to oligopoly and monopoly etc.", "147kW78SeS4-01515-00694451-00694863": "and the centralization of capital will go on a pace as well,", "147kW78SeS4-01516-00694863-00695276": "and if you ask yourself the question: has the centralization of capital", "147kW78SeS4-01517-00695276-00696096": "increased dramatically over the last thirty years? i think the answer is: oh yes!", "147kW78SeS4-01518-00696096-00696546": "So, in fact you can defend Marx in a conditional way,", "147kW78SeS4-01519-00696546-00697258": "you can defend Marx in this statement, by saying: we know that's not the whole story", "147kW78SeS4-01520-00697258-00697659": "“Like all other laws, it is modified in its working by many circumstances, the analysis", "147kW78SeS4-01521-00697659-00698017": "of which does not concern us here.”", "147kW78SeS4-01522-00698017-00698315": "You can introduce the qualifier. but", "147kW78SeS4-01523-00698315-00698994": "it certainly tells us something about one of the major trends within a free-market capitalism,", "147kW78SeS4-01524-00698994-00699400": "and where those kinds are directed and where they're likely to go", "147kW78SeS4-01525-00699400-00699668": "and to the degree that they've gone there,", "147kW78SeS4-01526-00699668-00699928": "gives you a great deal, I think, of", "147kW78SeS4-01527-00699928-00700247": "confidence in Marx' analysis,", "147kW78SeS4-01528-00700247-00700755": "that this is the way the system works.", "147kW78SeS4-01529-00700755-00701281": "And how it got there and how it all started", "147kW78SeS4-01530-00701281-00701423": "is of course one of the other", "147kW78SeS4-01531-00701423-00701649": "big questions which we'll", "147kW78SeS4-01532-00701649-00701963": "deal with next time.", "147kW78SeS4-01533-00701963-00702103": "We're out of time now,", "147kW78SeS4-01534-00702103-00702305": "next time", "147kW78SeS4-01535-00702305-00702665": "i want you to read the whole of part 8,", "147kW78SeS4-01536-00702665-00702892": "short chapters,", "147kW78SeS4-01537-00702892-00703147": "not too long,", "147kW78SeS4-01538-00703147-00703482": "and we need to talk through this.", "147kW78SeS4-01539-00703482-00703875": "This is of course the historical origins of this whole system.", "147kW78SeS4-01540-00703875-00704325": "This, if you like, is where it's going to,", "147kW78SeS4-01541-00704325-00704664": "what we've been looking at here is where it's going go, all other things being equal which", "147kW78SeS4-01542-00704664-00704869": "they never are.", "147kW78SeS4-01543-00704869-00705161": "What we're now going to look at is where it came from,", "147kW78SeS4-01544-00705161-00705345": "and how it originated.", "147kW78SeS4-01545-00705345-00706064": "okay, so next week we'll take up part 8."}}, {"audio_id": "14jHqQ89MeA", "text": {"14jHqQ89MeA-00000-00000318-00000564": "This was our final prebooked spot.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00001-00000576-00000776": "As of now, all options are open.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00002-00000776-00000927": "We can go anywhere.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00003-00001008-00001330": "For now, we will go straight through downtown Chicago...", "14jHqQ89MeA-00004-00001330-00001530": "...and continue in the direction of Nashville.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00005-00001648-00001768": "Follow along.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00006-00005724-00005924": "This has become a very well known fountain...", "14jHqQ89MeA-00007-00005924-00006216": "...thanks to a typical American TV series.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00008-00006290-00006431": "Let me know if you know.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00009-00008240-00008440": "'Married with Children'.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00010-00013263-00013396": "What are you doing, Etlien?", "14jHqQ89MeA-00011-00013396-00013606": "Oh, I am gathering twigs for the campfire.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00012-00013656-00014056": "So in a way you are a 'takkewijf'? - Indeed, at the moment I am a 'takkewijf'...", "14jHqQ89MeA-00013-00015878-00016044": "We have arrived in Lafayette.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00014-00016191-00016488": "Fishing. Campground.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00015-00018828-00019216": "The plan is to go to bed early and get up real early tomorrow morning.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00016-00019216-00019480": "Nashville is still eight hours or so from here...", "14jHqQ89MeA-00017-00019564-00019780": "So, till tomorrow.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00018-00020934-00021134": "Good morning from Lafayette.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00019-00021332-00021494": "This is camping life...", "14jHqQ89MeA-00020-00021562-00021720": "...with your gear...", "14jHqQ89MeA-00021-00021894-00022168": "...to the public showers. I am curious.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00022-00024102-00024406": "So, fresh and fruity. Time for coffee.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00023-00030358-00030642": "Not only for fresh coffee, but also for the public wifi connection...", "14jHqQ89MeA-00024-00030695-00030950": "...so we can deal with the further logistics of today.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00025-00036144-00036344": "So, what are we doing here?", "14jHqQ89MeA-00026-00036404-00036650": "In a moment we are crossing yet another state border.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00027-00036706-00036906": "We come from Kentucky... - Yes...", "14jHqQ89MeA-00028-00036982-00037234": "...and we are going to Tennessee!", "14jHqQ89MeA-00029-00038562-00039186": "One of the coolest things on holiday is the beautiful light just like this...", "14jHqQ89MeA-00030-00039682-00039848": "We learned from the previous time.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00031-00039848-00040164": "When it rains, no outdoor cooking in the back of the van.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00032-00040164-00040318": "So, what can we do best instead, Elora?", "14jHqQ89MeA-00033-00040318-00040646": "To Jaws Burger..........", "14jHqQ89MeA-00034-00040656-00040818": "S. - S.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00035-00042676-00043040": "There you have it, having finished the mega burger...and the weather is nice again.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00036-00043168-00043368": "Then we could have cooked spaghetti instead...", "14jHqQ89MeA-00037-00044394-00044736": "This is what we booked while in the Starbucks, earlier this morning.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00038-00044848-00045044": "The office is closed by now.They called me...", "14jHqQ89MeA-00039-00045044-00045496": "...and if all is okay, the reservation is waiting for us in the letter box outside.", "14jHqQ89MeA-00040-00045952-00046102": "We are here right now...", "14jHqQ89MeA-00041-00046138-00046368": "...then we have to go this way...", "14jHqQ89MeA-00042-00046404-00046498": "a little bend..", "14jHqQ89MeA-00043-00046506-00046826": "No, this is where we are now and we have to go here. - Oh."}}, {"audio_id": "14LAdMSFJ4I", "text": {"14LAdMSFJ4I-00000-00000211-00000715": "00:03 hello and welcome back in today's black", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00001-00000715-00000926": "00:06 Excel s presentation we will highlight", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00002-00000926-00001320": "00:08 2008 teens highest paying jobs welcome", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00003-00001320-00001587": "00:13 to black excellest comm the site where", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00004-00001587-00001872": "00:16 we celebrate black excellence opulence", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00005-00001872-00002182": "00:18 and affluence our mission is to inspire", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00006-00002182-00002530": "00:21 you as we enlighten you a post-secondary", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00007-00002530-00002698": "00:24 education certainly improves your", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00008-00002698-00002886": "00:26 chances of finding a high paying job", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00009-00002886-00003082": "00:28 however because of life's many", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00010-00003082-00003257": "00:30 challenges many do not have the", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00011-00003257-00003504": "00:32 opportunity time or money to attend a", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00012-00003504-00003659": "00:34 four-year college to earn a bachelor's", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00013-00003659-00003911": "00:36 degree due to rising tuition costs", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00014-00003911-00004150": "00:39 across America and more concern about", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00015-00004150-00004353": "00:41 lingering debt from school loans many", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00016-00004353-00004549": "00:43 African Americans are considering", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00017-00004549-00004692": "00:45 management roles and higher ranking", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00018-00004692-00004893": "00:46 positions in the respective fields as an", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00019-00004893-00005114": "00:49 alternative career path to college and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00020-00005114-00005339": "00:51 with an unwavering drive to their goals", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00021-00005339-00005564": "00:53 there are countless examples of hard", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00022-00005564-00005759": "00:55 workers who are excelling and earning", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00023-00005759-00005898": "00:57 paychecks that are higher than the", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00024-00005898-00006134": "00:58 national average regardless of education", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00025-00006134-00006342": "01:01 level we have done some homework to", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00026-00006342-00006533": "01:03 uncover numerous high paying jobs that", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00027-00006533-00006708": "01:05 only require an associate degree", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00028-00006708-00006973": "01:06 certificate experience or even just a", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00029-00006973-00007242": "01:09 high school diploma leverage in research", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00030-00007242-00007417": "01:12 done by Business Insider we have", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00031-00007417-00007600": "01:14 narrowed the list down to jobs that pay", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00032-00007600-00007963": "01:15 close to or left over $70,000 a year", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00033-00007963-00008170": "01:19 it's also important to note that the", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00034-00008170-00008358": "01:21 majority of these jobs are accessible to", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00035-00008358-00008579": "01:23 anyone who is willing to work their way", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00036-00008579-00008778": "01:25 up from an entry-level or a low level", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00037-00008778-00008983": "01:27 position in this original black Excellus", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00038-00008983-00009183": "01:29 video we will be featuring the top", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00039-00009183-00009484": "01:31 paying jobs for 2018 so without further", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00040-00009484-00009647": "01:34 ado let's get started", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00041-00009647-00010113": "01:36 25 web developer web developers design", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00042-00010113-00010329": "01:40 and create websites they are responsible", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00043-00010329-00010495": "01:43 for the content and looks of the site", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00044-00010495-00010711": "01:44 they are also responsible for the site's", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00045-00010711-00010885": "01:47 technical aspects such as the", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00046-00010885-00011078": "01:48 performance and capacity and other", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00047-00011078-00011220": "01:50 metrics that measure our website speed", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00048-00011220-00011320": "01:52 and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00049-00011320-00011688": "01:52 to handle traffic 24 gas blends operator", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00050-00011688-00011940": "01:56 gas plant operators distribute or", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00051-00011940-00012135": "01:59 process gas for utility companies and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00052-00012135-00012353": "02:01 others by controlling compressors to", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00053-00012353-00012546": "02:03 maintain specified pressures or main", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00054-00012546-00012878": "02:05 pipelines 23 electrical power line", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00055-00012878-00013197": "02:08 installer electrical line installers and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00056-00013197-00013381": "02:11 repairers also known as line workers", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00057-00013381-00013658": "02:13 install or repair electrical power", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00058-00013658-00013862": "02:16 systems and telecommunications cables", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00059-00013862-00014313": "02:18 including fiber optics 22 signal and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00060-00014313-00014611": "02:23 track switch repairer signal and track", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00061-00014611-00014931": "02:25 switch repairs install inspect test or", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00062-00014931-00015119": "02:28 repair electric gate crossings signals", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00063-00015119-00015409": "02:31 signal equipment track switches section", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00064-00015409-00015643": "02:33 lines or into communication systems", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00065-00015643-00016040": "02:36 within a railroad system 21 postmaster", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00066-00016040-00016325": "02:40 and male superintendent postmaster and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00067-00016325-00016545": "02:43 male superintendents plan direct or", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00068-00016545-00016748": "02:45 coordinate operational administrative", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00069-00016748-00016984": "02:47 management and supportive services of", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00070-00016984-00017198": "02:49 the US Post Office or coordinate", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00071-00017198-00017431": "02:51 activities of workers engaged in postal", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00072-00017431-00017634": "02:54 and related work in a sign post office", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00073-00017634-00017966": "02:56 20 transportation inspectors", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00074-00017966-00018188": "02:59 transportation inspectors perform", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00075-00018188-00018435": "03:01 quality checks on equipment for goods in", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00076-00018435-00018580": "03:04 connection with a safe transport of", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00077-00018580-00019028": "03:05 cargo or people 19 captains mates and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00078-00019028-00019182": "03:09 pilots have water vessels captain's", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00079-00019182-00019480": "03:12 command or supervise operations of ships", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00080-00019480-00019698": "03:14 and water vessels such as tugboats and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00081-00019698-00019798": "03:16 ferry boats", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00082-00019798-00020244": "03:17 18 dental hygienists dental hygienists", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00083-00020244-00020462": "03:22 clean teeth examine patients for oral", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00084-00020462-00020695": "03:24 diseases like gingivitis and provide", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00085-00020695-00021081": "03:26 other preventative dental care 17 gaming", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00086-00021081-00021365": "03:30 managers gaming managers play a key role", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00087-00021365-00021594": "03:33 in a gambling casino as the", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00088-00021594-00021788": "03:35 hire and train casino employees to", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00089-00021788-00022048": "03:37 properly execute the games they also", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00090-00022048-00022193": "03:39 perform actions based on information", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00091-00022193-00022359": "03:41 from security and surveillance teams", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00092-00022359-00022642": "03:43 regarding and nominees sixteen", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00093-00022642-00022963": "03:46 supervisors of non retail sales force", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00094-00022963-00023201": "03:49 non retail sales for supervisors", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00095-00023201-00023376": "03:51 directly supervise and coordinate", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00096-00023376-00023614": "03:53 activities of sales workers other than", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00097-00023614-00023977": "03:55 retail sales workers fifteen funeral", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00098-00023977-00024212": "03:59 service manager the you neural service", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00099-00024212-00024420": "04:01 managers plan direct or coordinate the", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00100-00024420-00024646": "04:04 services or resources of Funeral Homes", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00101-00024646-00025038": "04:06 14 nuclear medicine technologists", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00102-00025038-00025249": "04:10 nuclear medicine technologist use a", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00103-00025249-00025421": "04:12 scanner to create images of various", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00104-00025421-00025723": "04:14 areas of a patient's body they prepare", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00105-00025723-00025946": "04:16 radioactive drugs and administer them to", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00106-00025946-00026182": "04:19 patients undergoing the stands 13", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00107-00026182-00026453": "04:21 supervisors of firefighting and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00108-00026453-00026733": "04:24 prevention workers firefighter", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00109-00026733-00026877": "04:26 supervisors directly supervise and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00110-00026877-00027083": "04:28 coordinate activities of workers engaged", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00111-00027083-00027360": "04:30 in firefighting and fire prevention and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00112-00027360-00027619": "04:33 control we would like to thank patentee", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00113-00027619-00027856": "04:36 Joseph and company they are an", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00114-00027856-00028025": "04:38 international tax team who can help", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00115-00028025-00028186": "04:40 American entrepreneurs and business", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00116-00028186-00028422": "04:41 owners expand and operate", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00117-00028422-00028611": "04:43 internationally in particular Haden T", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00118-00028611-00028824": "04:45 Joseph and company helps American", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00119-00028824-00029012": "04:47 business owners expand to Southeast Asia", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00120-00029012-00029536": "04:49 visit WWE Tag or checkout their link in", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00121-00029536-00029978": "04:55 the description box below 12 power plant", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00122-00029978-00030227": "04:59 operator power plant operators control", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00123-00030227-00030418": "05:01 operate or maintain machinery to", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00124-00030418-00030711": "05:04 generate electric power this career", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00125-00030711-00030963": "05:06 field also includes auxiliary equipment", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00126-00030963-00031350": "05:09 operators 11 power house substation and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00127-00031350-00031555": "05:13 relay electric and electronics repair", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00128-00031555-00031843": "05:15 power house repair is inspect test", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00129-00031843-00032102": "05:18 repair or maintain electrical equipment", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00130-00032102-00032325": "05:20 and generating station substations and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00131-00032325-00032697": "05:23 in-service relays 10 commercial pilot", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00132-00032697-00032936": "05:26 commercial pilots navigate and control", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00133-00032936-00033188": "05:29 airplanes helicopters and other aircraft", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00134-00033188-00033437": "05:31 but does not include scheduled passenger", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00135-00033437-00033813": "05:33 occupied airplanes 9 detectives and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00136-00033813-00034055": "05:37 criminal investigators detectives", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00137-00034055-00034225": "05:40 conduct investigations related to", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00138-00034225-00034465": "05:42 suspected violations of federal state or", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00139-00034465-00034808": "05:44 local laws to prevent or solve crimes 8", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00140-00034808-00035133": "05:48 elevator installers assemble install", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00141-00035133-00035412": "05:51 repair or maintain electric or hydraulic", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00142-00035412-00035512": "05:53 frite", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00143-00035512-00035683": "05:54 or a passenger elevators and escalators", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00144-00035683-00035974": "05:57 7 nuclear technicians", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00145-00035974-00036243": "05:59 nuclear technicians assist physicists", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00146-00036243-00036447": "06:02 engineers and other professionals in", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00147-00036447-00036653": "06:04 nuclear research and nuclear production", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00148-00036653-00037049": "06:06 6 radiation therapists radiation", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00149-00037049-00037281": "06:10 therapists check equipment observe", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00150-00037281-00037433": "06:12 patients reactions to treatments and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00151-00037433-00037796": "06:14 document sessions 5 power distributors", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00152-00037796-00038049": "06:17 and dispatchers power distributors", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00153-00038049-00038272": "06:20 coordinate regulate or distribute", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00154-00038272-00038558": "06:22 electricity or steam for supervisor of", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00155-00038558-00038756": "06:25 police and detectives", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00156-00038756-00039028": "06:27 police supervisors directly supervise", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00157-00039028-00039205": "06:30 and coordinate activities of members of", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00158-00039205-00039568": "06:32 a police force 3 transportation storage", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00159-00039568-00039906": "06:35 and distribution manager transportation", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00160-00039906-00040050": "06:38 managers coordinate transportation", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00161-00040050-00040267": "06:40 storage or distribution activities in", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00162-00040267-00040452": "06:42 accordance with organizational policies", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00163-00040452-00040705": "06:44 and applicable government laws or", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00164-00040705-00041075": "06:46 regulations to nuclear power reactor", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00165-00041075-00041324": "06:50 operators nuclear power reactor", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00166-00041324-00041527": "06:52 operators manage or control nuclear", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00167-00041527-00041778": "06:54 reactors move control rods start and", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00168-00041778-00041878": "06:57 stop equipment", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00169-00041878-00042111": "06:58 monitor and adjust controls record data", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00170-00042111-00042299": "07:00 and logs and implement emergency", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00171-00042299-00042620": "07:02 procedures when needed 1 air traffic", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00172-00042620-00042855": "07:06 controllers air traffic controllers", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00173-00042855-00043035": "07:08 monitor and direct the movement of", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00174-00043035-00043274": "07:10 aircraft median annual wages of air", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00175-00043274-00043468": "07:12 traffic controllers are the highest of", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00176-00043468-00043664": "07:14 any occupation in which workers", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00177-00043664-00043850": "07:16 typically do not need a bachelor's", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00178-00043850-00043950": "07:18 degree", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00179-00043950-00044206": "07:19 we appreciate the fact that you stayed", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00180-00044206-00044391": "07:21 with us until the end thank you for", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00181-00044391-00044595": "07:23 spending time with us and don't forget", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00182-00044595-00044844": "07:25 to like this video also make sure you", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00183-00044844-00045055": "07:28 subscribe so that you never miss a video", "14LAdMSFJ4I-00184-00045055-00045281": "07:30 bye for now we will see you tomorrow"}}, {"audio_id": "14MXZzQybkU", "text": {"14MXZzQybkU-00000-00000000-00000405": "Two years", "14MXZzQybkU-00001-00000408-00000815": "ago I was at rock bottom.", "14MXZzQybkU-00002-00000817-00001235": "I was incarcerated facing forty years for a severe drug addiction.", "14MXZzQybkU-00003-00001237-00001637": "I made a decision then to turn my life around.", "14MXZzQybkU-00004-00001639-00002046": "One of the things that recovery has taught me was", "14MXZzQybkU-00005-00002048-00002451": "I had to change everything. So part of that I had to look at my", "14MXZzQybkU-00006-00002453-00002861": "work history. Working dead-end jobs, things that were not conducive", "14MXZzQybkU-00007-00002863-00003277": "or healthy for me. So I made a decision to go back to school.", "14MXZzQybkU-00008-00003279-00003690": "So I go to Nicolet and I talk to LeAnne,", "14MXZzQybkU-00009-00003693-00004110": "my academic advisor, and I was open and honest with her and", "14MXZzQybkU-00010-00004112-00004523": "told her exactly where I came from: my background and the issues", "14MXZzQybkU-00011-00004525-00004940": "I was facing. Surprisingly enough, she helped me and guided me through", "14MXZzQybkU-00012-00004942-00005361": "all of that. It was an experience that I", "14MXZzQybkU-00013-00005363-00005765": "will always cherish. That a complete stranger", "14MXZzQybkU-00014-00005767-00006175": "helped me achieve the goals that I was setting. My experience is", "14MXZzQybkU-00015-00006177-00006584": "a genuine one, honest and open,", "14MXZzQybkU-00016-00006586-00006898": "and good things will happen and good things have happened."}}, {"audio_id": "14b8kFpHF-U", "text": {"14b8kFpHF-U-00000-00000156-00000948": "Thanks so much Clayton. Good midday everyone. My name is Cam Patterson. I'm the development", "14b8kFpHF-U-00001-00000948-00002046": "officer at GRID Alternatives Colorado. We put up a little presentation here. The goal", "14b8kFpHF-U-00002-00002196-00002724": "for me this time around is tell you a little bit about GRID Alternatives Colorado.", "14b8kFpHF-U-00003-00002862-00003552": "We're a solar non-profit to build a little bit more awareness about our organization and then", "14b8kFpHF-U-00004-00003636-00004284": "as Clayton said in my first 101 I went in the weeds of of trying to answer some questions", "14b8kFpHF-U-00005-00004284-00004680": "around solar for your home. We talked briefly about community solar as well.", "14b8kFpHF-U-00006-00004764-00005286": "I can definitely when and if there's questions about that I can go back in there. I started", "14b8kFpHF-U-00007-00005364-00005874": "after some time in the Peace Corps in West Africa. I came back and I I sold residential solar for a", "14b8kFpHF-U-00008-00005874-00006750": "year and a half before that company ended up uh going under and joined grid on uh on their on a", "14b8kFpHF-U-00009-00006750-00007392": "commercial construction team we did we did Five Denver public schools in 2020 so I've had some", "14b8kFpHF-U-00010-00007392-00007878": "install experience on the commercial side and now I'm kind of the development fundraiser side so", "14b8kFpHF-U-00011-00007986-00008448": "um I have a little bit of unique experience in the Solar realm so I'm I'm you know I've", "14b8kFpHF-U-00012-00008448-00008916": "sold it for a while I'm happy to kind of talk through any questions or concerns", "14b8kFpHF-U-00013-00008916-00009456": "about solar but what I want to add on this year is I'm sure everybody's been", "14b8kFpHF-U-00014-00009456-00009954": "seeing all these tax credits tax credits and the IRA the inflation reduction act", "14b8kFpHF-U-00015-00010074-00010866": "um so I I'm I'm hoping if people are interested we can just go through kind of what all these", "14b8kFpHF-U-00016-00010962-00011832": "um tax credits are what's new what's old all of that and kind of walk through Maybe an idea of how", "14b8kFpHF-U-00017-00011832-00012330": "to go about electrifying your home with all these new tax credits coming out so I kind of I was", "14b8kFpHF-U-00018-00012330-00012888": "gonna leave a lot of time here to walk us through what uh full home electrification might look like", "14b8kFpHF-U-00019-00012888-00013554": "incorporating solar as an additional for the 201s so that's the goal is hopefully for everyone to", "14b8kFpHF-U-00020-00013554-00014052": "end with an idea of kind of the next steps they can take towards really electrifying a lot of", "14b8kFpHF-U-00021-00014052-00014766": "their home and getting a lot of money back to do it um so hopefully that sounds good to everyone", "14b8kFpHF-U-00022-00014880-00015636": "but yes so we are grid Alternatives uh grid Alternatives is the largest solar nonprofit", "14b8kFpHF-U-00023-00015636-00016182": "in the United States we have seven offices in California including our headquarters in Oakland", "14b8kFpHF-U-00024-00016308-00017040": "um it is Greg Colorado's 10-year anniversary we started in 2013. and we have a DC office that", "14b8kFpHF-U-00025-00017040-00017646": "is our Mid-Atlantic office a tribal program that works on tribal lands all over the United States", "14b8kFpHF-U-00026-00017646-00018234": "including Alaska and then our international program works in Mexico Nicaragua and Nepal", "14b8kFpHF-U-00027-00018360-00018978": "um and I really what I love about grid is grids work really to me", "14b8kFpHF-U-00028-00019134-00019728": "is exemplary of what environmental justice looks like and it it's right at this middle of energy", "14b8kFpHF-U-00029-00019728-00020406": "Justice and social justice and I think grid really takes a lens of accessibility that a lot", "14b8kFpHF-U-00030-00020406-00021192": "of renewable energy or you know um addressing environmental Injustice and communities that", "14b8kFpHF-U-00031-00021192-00021888": "faced disproportionate amounts of pollution or environmental harm you know need to be at the", "14b8kFpHF-U-00032-00021888-00022488": "center of this work and need to be able to access the solutions to it um and that's where grid", "14b8kFpHF-U-00033-00022488-00023178": "really is at we have four pillars of work or three pillars of work our first is accessing renewable", "14b8kFpHF-U-00034-00023178-00023790": "energy technology so we do free solar installs from residential all the way up to large-scale", "14b8kFpHF-U-00035-00023790-00024522": "community solar we did a two megawatt Community solar array down in Pueblo in 2020 um so really", "14b8kFpHF-U-00036-00024522-00025014": "making sure that solar renewable energy and the benefits are accessible to the communities that", "14b8kFpHF-U-00037-00025014-00025578": "need it the most really need it the most um and we also have a clean Mobility Program", "14b8kFpHF-U-00038-00025578-00026208": "so we're helping Excel Energy administer income qualified rebates for electric vehicles as well", "14b8kFpHF-U-00039-00026310-00026904": "um and then our second pillar of accessibility is Workforce Development ensuring that renewable", "14b8kFpHF-U-00040-00026904-00027558": "energy jobs are accessible and helping people get and maintain careers in the renewable energy field", "14b8kFpHF-U-00041-00027558-00028176": "so Greg Colorado now has two and a half years worth of paid Workforce Development training we're", "14b8kFpHF-U-00042-00028176-00028883": "hosting our our two-week solar Training Academy right now and we you know pay people to come in", "14b8kFpHF-U-00043-00028992-00029442": "um and we train them on how to become a solar installer and then have a huge", "14b8kFpHF-U-00044-00029442-00029952": "network of employer partners that come out and hire hire our graduates and our third pillar of", "14b8kFpHF-U-00045-00029952-00030480": "accessibility is education and ensuring that students understand what renewable energy is", "14b8kFpHF-U-00046-00030588-00031260": "um and get to have some hands-on experience of installing solar or seeing you know seeing", "14b8kFpHF-U-00047-00031260-00031745": "solar solar work and understanding how it works so um those are kind of our", "14b8kFpHF-U-00048-00031745-00032160": "three pillars of access and how we address kind of energy Justice and social justice", "14b8kFpHF-U-00049-00032280-00032778": "and this is our vision rapid Equitable transition to a world powered by renewable energy", "14b8kFpHF-U-00050-00032844-00033504": "that benefits everyone so we really do that I think what I love too is this community powered", "14b8kFpHF-U-00051-00033504-00034134": "right and we try and build our programs Community up and listening to those Community organizations", "14b8kFpHF-U-00052-00034134-00034626": "that are saying there's just not enough paid Workforce Development opportunities that our", "14b8kFpHF-U-00053-00034626-00035298": "clients can go to all right we build those out because there's huge demand for uh qualified uh", "14b8kFpHF-U-00054-00035298-00035916": "applicants in the renewable energy and solar Industries so making sure we're addressing", "14b8kFpHF-U-00055-00035916-00036480": "Community concerns and then Building Solutions around that um taking that listen first approach", "14b8kFpHF-U-00056-00036480-00037032": "and as I said those are kind of our three main pillars of work is that accessing technology", "14b8kFpHF-U-00057-00037032-00037638": "accessing work you know Equitable Workforce Development and then um renewable energy education", "14b8kFpHF-U-00058-00037872-00038430": "um and this is our triple bottom line people Planet employment right and ensuring that all", "14b8kFpHF-U-00059-00038430-00039030": "of our work is addressing you know energy burden and reducing costs for families that they can", "14b8kFpHF-U-00060-00039030-00039564": "reinvest in their families and communities um while also you know doing this in a way that's", "14b8kFpHF-U-00061-00039648-00040338": "um contributing to a better environment cleaner environment for uh the community and ensuring", "14b8kFpHF-U-00062-00040338-00041010": "that that's all um that's all centered around employment and you know sustainable system", "14b8kFpHF-U-00063-00041010-00041622": "meaning having finding ways of sustainable wage and income to support all that work", "14b8kFpHF-U-00064-00041778-00042534": "so yeah as I said we really solarized we run the gamut we do um single family homes uh to", "14b8kFpHF-U-00065-00042534-00043320": "multi-family multi-family and Commercial um I can tell you more grid is doing five Denver area", "14b8kFpHF-U-00066-00043320-00043890": "non-profits this year so we're helping nonprofits Go Solar as well and reduce their operating costs", "14b8kFpHF-U-00067-00043890-00044532": "so if you know any non-profits that are located in the city of Denver that own their building uh", "14b8kFpHF-U-00068-00044532-00045192": "let me know we can probably help them go solar and we do also do a lot of um off-grid systems", "14b8kFpHF-U-00069-00045192-00045732": "for tribal communities and international communities as well so we we can do it all", "14b8kFpHF-U-00070-00045918-00046548": "um and again yeah we have two and a half years of paid Workforce Development training our", "14b8kFpHF-U-00071-00046548-00047226": "training graduates we now have almost an 80 79 of graduates get hired within three", "14b8kFpHF-U-00072-00047226-00047802": "months to a full-time living wage position the solar industry after graduation so", "14b8kFpHF-U-00073-00047892-00048342": "um we're really proud of that and we just see immense demand coming from the industry as well", "14b8kFpHF-U-00074-00048528-00049098": "um and this is kind of our standard installation basic training it's a six-week paid training um", "14b8kFpHF-U-00075-00049098-00049596": "and grid is the only nonprofit that has Hands-On real world solar installation experience so", "14b8kFpHF-U-00076-00049662-00050196": "um our trainees get two weeks in the classroom and on the mock roof this is our our warehouse", "14b8kFpHF-U-00077-00050196-00050586": "and building out in Montbello um and then they get to go out with our construction", "14b8kFpHF-U-00078-00050586-00051066": "team and actually install two or three Real World Systems so that they can go to", "14b8kFpHF-U-00079-00051066-00051540": "employers and say yep I've been out there I've done it um I have literal experience", "14b8kFpHF-U-00080-00051540-00052050": "installing solar and I'm ready to join so and that's proved to be really effective", "14b8kFpHF-U-00081-00052205-00052860": "cool so if you're interested you know how do I get involved in Grid I love this Mission um if", "14b8kFpHF-U-00082-00052860-00053436": "your company has a you know CSR Corporate social responsibility program feel free to reach out to", "14b8kFpHF-U-00083-00053436-00054084": "me we do corporate work days where we can host uh teams of eight employees out on a build for a day", "14b8kFpHF-U-00084-00054167-00054744": "um up to 15 on our kind of commercial non-profit builds um so if your company might be interested", "14b8kFpHF-U-00085-00054744-00055182": "in supporting grid we could do that and post you and your colleagues out on a build for a day", "14b8kFpHF-U-00086-00055260-00055998": "we are getting back into events this year um and so it's our 10-year anniversary coming up so we", "14b8kFpHF-U-00087-00055998-00056664": "might be having a 10-year bash as well has a women in energy build called we build so we", "14b8kFpHF-U-00088-00056664-00057191": "try and uh you know bring together women who are you know interested or working renewable", "14b8kFpHF-U-00089-00057191-00057726": "energy and have them out on a solar install for a day so looking to do that and then of", "14b8kFpHF-U-00090-00057726-00058326": "course becoming a donor is a huge part of of what makes grid run so we're always grateful", "14b8kFpHF-U-00091-00058326-00058938": "for anyone who decides to be a one-time donor or a monthly donor uh at any amount it really makes a", "14b8kFpHF-U-00092-00058938-00059424": "huge difference so feel free to reach out I'm the development officer so if you have any ideas for", "14b8kFpHF-U-00093-00059508-00060186": "um fundraising for grade I'm I'm all ears there um but yeah uh here's a little bit of what we've", "14b8kFpHF-U-00094-00060186-00060834": "done we've installed 514 systems in Colorado 42 million in savings for those Community", "14b8kFpHF-U-00095-00060834-00061746": "organizations and mainly families of those 514 systems while also preventing 352 000 tons of", "14b8kFpHF-U-00096-00061746-00062562": "um of CO2 emissions and Training 2 256 people in solar so have people plan employment bottom line", "14b8kFpHF-U-00097-00062766-00063191": "um and just a little bit of kind of what's happening in 2023", "14b8kFpHF-U-00098-00063294-00064032": "the Denver 2A Amendment which was kind of a climate tax amendment um is now in full effect and", "14b8kFpHF-U-00099-00064134-00064746": "um one thing that the Caster the Denver office of climate action sustainability and resiliency", "14b8kFpHF-U-00100-00064746-00065441": "has decided to use those funds is a three million dollar annual rotating fund to help nonprofits Go", "14b8kFpHF-U-00101-00065441-00066168": "Solar so we are at the you know we are at the leading kind of edge of helping denver-based", "14b8kFpHF-U-00102-00066168-00066756": "nonprofits you know design solar systems to meet the criteria uh for that fund and we've", "14b8kFpHF-U-00103-00066756-00067458": "gotten now six non-profits contracted to get free solar systems through that program so along with", "14b8kFpHF-U-00104-00067458-00068070": "doing 130 homes this year uh in the greater Denver metro area we're also helping those nonprofits Go", "14b8kFpHF-U-00105-00068070-00068916": "Solar and continuing to build out our Workforce Development and clean Mobility programs as well", "14b8kFpHF-U-00106-00068916-00069756": "so yeah that was my quick grid intro um if there's any questions feel free to throw them in the chat", "14b8kFpHF-U-00107-00069822-00070668": "but um I wanted to jump in a little bit to these Ira the inflation reduction act Energy", "14b8kFpHF-U-00108-00070668-00071256": "Efficiency tax credits um and there's so many of them and it's a little overwhelming that I thought", "14b8kFpHF-U-00109-00071256-00072072": "instead of trying to build out a bunch of slides we could all just go to this link together and I", "14b8kFpHF-U-00110-00072072-00072828": "find this one to be kind of well designed and visual let me put it in the chat here first um", "14b8kFpHF-U-00111-00072978-00073758": "and then if there's any ones or people have any that are really interesting to", "14b8kFpHF-U-00112-00073758-00074460": "them I'd be happy to kind of dive into those specifically but did I share my screen sorry", "14b8kFpHF-U-00113-00074676-00075390": "there we go so the inflation reduction Act was passed last year and", "14b8kFpHF-U-00114-00075630-00076368": "on the solar side of things it re-ups the solar tax credit to 30 percent", "14b8kFpHF-U-00115-00076512-00077196": "um the solar tax rebate through to 30 all the way through 2033 and then it starts to go down", "14b8kFpHF-U-00116-00077196-00077976": "again to 26 in 2034 and 22 and 2035 I believe something along that it's a long ways away", "14b8kFpHF-U-00117-00078126-00078954": "um so the solar tax guy is back up to 30 but uh a huge element of this is that you know a major", "14b8kFpHF-U-00118-00078954-00079362": "focus of this is having people Electrify their homes and they want to make it as", "14b8kFpHF-U-00119-00079362-00079962": "economically feasible as possible for homeowners to really invest in fully electrifying their home", "14b8kFpHF-U-00120-00080058-00080466": "um and to do that what they've done is created both", "14b8kFpHF-U-00121-00080526-00081360": "tax incentives and yet to be fully fleshed out upfront rebates um that you can also", "14b8kFpHF-U-00122-00081360-00081918": "combine so it's a little there's it's a little confusing but if you um this is a", "14b8kFpHF-U-00123-00081918-00082770": "really you know Well Done calculator and you can put in what's a liquid zip code if someone mines", "14b8kFpHF-U-00124-00083040-00083760": "yeah eight zero two two six eight zero two two six sure and we'll be a homeowner and let's just", "14b8kFpHF-U-00125-00083760-00084606": "say you know um sure let's just say uh 70 000 for household income and we're a joints", "14b8kFpHF-U-00126-00084726-00085710": "to person um household okay so when you go down here what you have is electrification", "14b8kFpHF-U-00127-00085710-00086388": "rebates and then the tax credits okay and this is the list of all of them which are", "14b8kFpHF-U-00128-00086496-00087258": "um quite a bit and so for rebates if you'll see here first these are all going to be kind", "14b8kFpHF-U-00129-00087258-00087888": "of released in late 2023 because the IRS hasn't quite announced how exactly they're going to work", "14b8kFpHF-U-00130-00087888-00088500": "but my understanding the rebates is that they will be kind of upfront um with kind of your contractor", "14b8kFpHF-U-00131-00088686-00088926": "um just to reduce the immediate costs up front", "14b8kFpHF-U-00132-00089052-00089754": "um so what is a good one to start on so heat pumps we can definitely get into um and so The", "14b8kFpHF-U-00133-00089754-00090546": "Upfront discount would be um on these rebates for low-income households which is under 80 percent", "14b8kFpHF-U-00134-00090546-00091146": "of area median income this will cover a hundred percent of the cost up to eight thousand dollars", "14b8kFpHF-U-00135-00091146-00091788": "and then for moderate income households 80 to 150 percent it will cover up to eight thousand dollars", "14b8kFpHF-U-00136-00091920-00092964": "um up front and then you can include as well a tax credit on that so 25c is the other part the", "14b8kFpHF-U-00137-00092964-00093486": "tax credits provides a 30 tax credit for heat pumps capped at two thousand dollars a year", "14b8kFpHF-U-00138-00093624-00094452": "um and or and then as well another three percent tax credit uh for an electrical panel upgrade so", "14b8kFpHF-U-00139-00094572-00095478": "um on you know on a 1500 square foot home this is you know two people um that these", "14b8kFpHF-U-00140-00095478-00096000": "might be about eight thousand dollars a year um that you can get and then get the tax credit", "14b8kFpHF-U-00141-00096096-00096948": "um back uh afterwards so you can claim that tax credit so this is kind of the back and forth", "14b8kFpHF-U-00142-00096948-00097902": "here where these electrification rebates for an electrical panel electric stove rewiring are all", "14b8kFpHF-U-00143-00097902-00098370": "going to come out in 2023 and be app upfront rebates and costs and then you'll be able to", "14b8kFpHF-U-00144-00098370-00098946": "come back and include those tax credits once those projects are completed on the back end", "14b8kFpHF-U-00145-00099084-00099726": "um so for solar we can start there it's back up at 30 percent um", "14b8kFpHF-U-00146-00100014-00100740": "and this is an uncapped tax credit so there's there's no limit how expensive your solar", "14b8kFpHF-U-00147-00100740-00101502": "system can be um and as you see here the average system is a 6K dub that's about right six kilowatt", "14b8kFpHF-U-00148-00101502-00102072": "rooftop solar install for about fifteen hundred dollars and so you get four thousand six four", "14b8kFpHF-U-00149-00102072-00102708": "thousand six hundred dollars back on your tax um taxes afterwards it you know when you file those", "14b8kFpHF-U-00150-00102816-00103518": "um and these can also include an electrical panel upgrade many of ours are really old", "14b8kFpHF-U-00151-00103518-00104070": "from the 50s and to add all that solar solar coming into your system you might need an", "14b8kFpHF-U-00152-00104070-00104682": "electric panel upgrade there's additional um it includes a 30 credit on that as well", "14b8kFpHF-U-00153-00104808-00105785": "um so this is really exciting that it's back up and has a has a really long term but what I would", "14b8kFpHF-U-00154-00105785-00106661": "say for people that are starting out it's a little overwhelming is to start with an energy audit if", "14b8kFpHF-U-00155-00106661-00107298": "you haven't done an energy audit yet it's the best way to just get almost like a a map of your home", "14b8kFpHF-U-00156-00107298-00108161": "and the energy situation of your home there is a hundred and fifty dollar uh tax rebate for energy", "14b8kFpHF-U-00157-00108161-00109038": "audits as a part of this that I am looking for I thought it was in weatherization um but", "14b8kFpHF-U-00158-00109409-00110118": "yeah so you can get a tax rebate of 150 for your energy audit and if you do that through", "14b8kFpHF-U-00159-00110118-00110814": "Excel they also have rebates from 150 for your Baseline energy audit all the way up to 250", "14b8kFpHF-U-00160-00110904-00111552": "um for like an infrared uh blower door energy on it so you can most likely get around 90 of", "14b8kFpHF-U-00161-00111552-00112283": "the energy on it covered with the Excel rebate and this tax credit um as well so I would start", "14b8kFpHF-U-00162-00112283-00112866": "with an energy audit and that what that's going to help you do is really decide here are my main", "14b8kFpHF-U-00163-00112866-00113628": "priorities definitely need to add insulation in my attic or my windows are you know my windows", "14b8kFpHF-U-00164-00113628-00114126": "are really not double pane or not insulated could get some really good Windows to start", "14b8kFpHF-U-00165-00114240-00114672": "and start there to really map out kind of what are going to be the most effective steps", "14b8kFpHF-U-00166-00114785-00115542": "um to go with and part of that is because with these tax credits on weatherization there's a", "14b8kFpHF-U-00167-00115542-00116526": "twelve hundred dollar cap on um [Music] um on the on the doors the insulation that you can", "14b8kFpHF-U-00168-00116526-00117174": "do annually so the tax credit can only be 1200 right here 1200 per year and here's some of the", "14b8kFpHF-U-00169-00117174-00118056": "breakdowns so for Windows that's 600 or 30 of your windows there's the energy audits at 150 um doors", "14b8kFpHF-U-00170-00118056-00118746": "250 per door 500 total and insulation and air ceiling twelve hundred dollars so if your energy", "14b8kFpHF-U-00171-00118746-00119309": "audit comes back and you've got really low levels of insulation in your attic maybe you think all", "14b8kFpHF-U-00172-00119309-00119946": "right this year let's do installation that's going to max out my twelve hundred dollar tax credit", "14b8kFpHF-U-00173-00120072-00120546": "um for this year on weatherization then next year let's look at doors and windows", "14b8kFpHF-U-00174-00120546-00120966": "and start and start kind of looking at all right we need three new doors right", "14b8kFpHF-U-00175-00121098-00121704": "um we could get 500 backup nodes on tax credits so the weatherization upgrades for kind of these", "14b8kFpHF-U-00176-00121704-00122424": "insulation doors windows and the energy out as well is maxed at 1200 per year that you can do", "14b8kFpHF-U-00177-00122561-00123048": "um on weatherization so that energy ads can be a great place to kind of figure out where you", "14b8kFpHF-U-00178-00123048-00123732": "want to start then when you really want to when you're really ready to make a big investment", "14b8kFpHF-U-00179-00123888-00124685": "I wouldn't I would probably wait until late 2023 because these rebates are really um kind of", "14b8kFpHF-U-00180-00124902-00125574": "um how would you say it they are about a large-scale project they're based on kind", "14b8kFpHF-U-00181-00125574-00126480": "of a full um a full revamping I'm totally losing the word um where you're doing kind", "14b8kFpHF-U-00182-00126480-00127074": "of multiple things all at the same time you can add in multiple of these rebates up front", "14b8kFpHF-U-00183-00127164-00128033": "um so your electric panel for example um would be four thousand dollars up front to", "14b8kFpHF-U-00184-00128033-00128772": "reduce the cost up front and then the 30 the 600 tax credit on the back end but there is a", "14b8kFpHF-U-00185-00128850-00129504": "I'm sorry I know I'm jumping around a bunch okay so here's the efficiency rebates", "14b8kFpHF-U-00186-00129678-00130524": "so this is the whole home energy reduction rebates um and what these are designed to do retrofits", "14b8kFpHF-U-00187-00130524-00131016": "was the r word I was looking for so the Energy rebates are designed to reward Energy Efficiency", "14b8kFpHF-U-00188-00131016-00131592": "retrofits that are modeled to achieve or have achieved variable verifiable minimum energy", "14b8kFpHF-U-00189-00131592-00132192": "use reductions so if you are planning kind of a multi-purpose where you're going to get some", "14b8kFpHF-U-00190-00132192-00132900": "a new electric panel and a heat pump and all of this these retrofits then can uh if they're gonna", "14b8kFpHF-U-00191-00132900-00133638": "save 35 or more of your energy you can get four thousand or fifty percent of the project cost", "14b8kFpHF-U-00192-00133764-00134952": "um reduce upfront and then those tax credits again can also be added on on the back end um so this is", "14b8kFpHF-U-00193-00134952-00135552": "and this is all waiting pending IRS kind of how how this is going to work which will come out", "14b8kFpHF-U-00194-00135552-00136326": "later in 2023 so again start with that energy on it now and start kind of making a plan of what are", "14b8kFpHF-U-00195-00136326-00137016": "your most critical things and then wait I think for later this year until a lot of this kind of", "14b8kFpHF-U-00196-00137016-00137814": "retrofitting um rebates all that information comes out and then I'm sure there's going to be lots", "14b8kFpHF-U-00197-00137814-00138390": "of contractors doing a lot of advertising and door knocking trying to get people to", "14b8kFpHF-U-00198-00138480-00139074": "um Electrify their homes with all these different systems and uh if you're there and ready with a", "14b8kFpHF-U-00199-00139074-00139524": "plan of kind of the steps you want to take it's going to help a lot in in helping to understand", "14b8kFpHF-U-00200-00139524-00140310": "kind of how you're going to go about taking the most advantage of of these rebates and tax credits", "14b8kFpHF-U-00201-00140424-00140910": "so I'm sorry I know that was a little um fuzzy or just a little", "14b8kFpHF-U-00202-00140910-00141606": "discombobulated his taxes always are but I would prefer if anybody has kind of", "14b8kFpHF-U-00203-00141684-00142206": "one of these things they want to hear more about uh whether we want to dive in the Solar", "14b8kFpHF-U-00204-00142206-00142806": "more specifically again I'm happy to do that but is there any of these kind of rebates or", "14b8kFpHF-U-00205-00142806-00143412": "tax credits that you're like how does this work what you know why should I get a used electric", "14b8kFpHF-U-00206-00143412-00144060": "vehicle now or look in the geothermal heating and I can do my best to answer any specific questions", "14b8kFpHF-U-00207-00144480-00144580": "um", "14b8kFpHF-U-00208-00144696-00145128": "foreign", "14b8kFpHF-U-00209-00145128-00145818": "I have a question for you that I think might be helpful for others to understand", "14b8kFpHF-U-00210-00145944-00146730": "um you know the the supply chain issues we've heard um a couple years ago are they", "14b8kFpHF-U-00211-00146730-00147426": "still there for on-site solar you know if if a liquid resident wants to install rooftop solar", "14b8kFpHF-U-00212-00147426-00147918": "now yeah is what's that wait time like what's that turnaround time and and have", "14b8kFpHF-U-00213-00147918-00148626": "prices stabilized or decreased at all uh the past couple years great question Jeff thanks for asking", "14b8kFpHF-U-00214-00148680-00149772": "um it has somewhat stabilized my understanding is that Joe Biden or President Biden put on a", "14b8kFpHF-U-00215-00149772-00150804": "two-year moratorium or a kind of a two-year pause on the um potential uh Commerce departments um", "14b8kFpHF-U-00216-00150804-00151620": "like ban on on solar panel Imports uh due to kind of this this investigation that was going on that", "14b8kFpHF-U-00217-00151620-00152358": "of of malpractice on the side of the of Chinese Industries um and so yes the supply chain has", "14b8kFpHF-U-00218-00152616-00153162": "kind of reopen that that major kind of scary hurdle where all these companies were kind", "14b8kFpHF-U-00219-00153162-00153894": "of buying in huge bulk orders before any sort of ban went into place has been a bit kicked", "14b8kFpHF-U-00220-00153894-00154950": "down the road uh for another year plus until the end of 2024. um and so what I'm currently seeing", "14b8kFpHF-U-00221-00154950-00155718": "is obviously there's huge demand but the major headwind right now is actually that Excel Energy", "14b8kFpHF-U-00222-00155718-00156756": "needs to do a lot of hiring and hasn't been able to but their wait times for approving systems um", "14b8kFpHF-U-00223-00156858-00157410": "is is taking now kind of almost three months it can take up to three months and so a lot", "14b8kFpHF-U-00224-00157410-00158046": "of people have had solar systems solar systems installed and then um they're waiting on Excel", "14b8kFpHF-U-00225-00158046-00158676": "to do a final approval of that install once the city inspector comes verifies it and the", "14b8kFpHF-U-00226-00158676-00159108": "um then the Solar Company takes that City inspection sends it to Excel and Excel does", "14b8kFpHF-U-00227-00159108-00159708": "a final review and that final review before Excel will allow a customer to turn the solar system on", "14b8kFpHF-U-00228-00159708-00160500": "is now taking three it's some people have been waiting six months um and so that is actually", "14b8kFpHF-U-00229-00160500-00161070": "it's not so much getting the panels on your roof but now final approval from Excel and Excel", "14b8kFpHF-U-00230-00161070-00161730": "has to come in and replace your meter with a net meter which reads both the power that your system", "14b8kFpHF-U-00231-00161730-00162390": "produces and puts it pushes into the grid and then the um Power that comes from your grade at night", "14b8kFpHF-U-00232-00162390-00162996": "to power your home so it kind of reads forwards and backwards and all doing all that has really", "14b8kFpHF-U-00233-00163068-00163656": "um been very frustrating with Excel for the last uh six months to a year where", "14b8kFpHF-U-00234-00163656-00164346": "um systems aren't getting turned on for three six months so your total right now if you decide to go", "14b8kFpHF-U-00235-00164346-00165048": "solar I would say from you know initial contact with the Solar Company through installation of", "14b8kFpHF-U-00236-00165048-00165936": "the system and like final inspection from the city is about two months one to two months um depending", "14b8kFpHF-U-00237-00165936-00166422": "on the company and and where they're at but about one to two months and then Excel you could expect", "14b8kFpHF-U-00238-00166422-00166992": "anywhere from another one to three months for your system to get fully approved with Excel", "14b8kFpHF-U-00239-00166992-00167628": "and turned on so it's taking about six months but I'm less worried about the supply chain and", "14b8kFpHF-U-00240-00167628-00168432": "more worried about excel's ever growing backlog of um of systems that need to be final approved", "14b8kFpHF-U-00241-00168816-00169236": "did I see a q a yeah there's one q a that's come in", "14b8kFpHF-U-00242-00169296-00169884": "um the consumer experience their upfront cost do XYZ access rebates with ABC", "14b8kFpHF-U-00243-00170118-00170520": "um sure so I'm assuming kind of on a", "14b8kFpHF-U-00244-00170652-00171288": "uh Lauren do you mean kind of solar in experience or kind of a home electrification", "14b8kFpHF-U-00245-00171798-00172212": "yes solar okay perfect um yeah I can totally walk you through that", "14b8kFpHF-U-00246-00172428-00172770": "um Okay so the solar experience", "14b8kFpHF-U-00247-00172986-00173982": "what I would recommend is um getting I would say try and get get bids from three solar companies", "14b8kFpHF-U-00248-00173982-00174666": "you know now often especially post covid most solar companies can give you a can do a full", "14b8kFpHF-U-00249-00174666-00175344": "layout of your potential system online um and kind of map out where the panels would go on your", "14b8kFpHF-U-00250-00175344-00176154": "roof online we have all that capability through satellite software systems and so you can request", "14b8kFpHF-U-00251-00176154-00176652": "an online bid and then sit down with these solar companies and they can kind of walk you through", "14b8kFpHF-U-00252-00176862-00177558": "um they're you know they're different pitches and often you might find you get a really high bid a", "14b8kFpHF-U-00253-00177558-00178476": "medium bid and a low low bid cost wise and I often kind of you know will often go with the middle bid", "14b8kFpHF-U-00254-00178476-00179082": "but um it really depends on what's important to you some companies will have longer labor", "14b8kFpHF-U-00255-00179082-00179706": "warranties for example where they'll you know guarantee their labor um on a system for 10 years", "14b8kFpHF-U-00256-00179706-00180462": "instead of five so there's some you know different things that uh can can be more important often I", "14b8kFpHF-U-00257-00180462-00180978": "will just preface that solar doesn't need a lot of Maintenance because there's no moving parts and so", "14b8kFpHF-U-00258-00180978-00181746": "not a lot really like wears down uh as things do when there's moving Parts but it there can be you", "14b8kFpHF-U-00259-00181746-00182244": "know some electrical things but often those will happen in the first five years and every company", "14b8kFpHF-U-00260-00182244-00182760": "has labor warranties in the first five years and then all the solar the panels and the inverters", "14b8kFpHF-U-00261-00182760-00183588": "have a manufacturer warranty for 20 to 25 years and so if anything breaks um the your Solar", "14b8kFpHF-U-00262-00183588-00184164": "Company will get a new product from the from the manufacturer and come in and reinstall it", "14b8kFpHF-U-00263-00184224-00184740": "um free of charge on on the product and then if your labor warranty is still in place totally free", "14b8kFpHF-U-00264-00184824-00185148": "so you can get three bids from these solar companies", "14b8kFpHF-U-00265-00185352-00186036": "um and then choose one [Music] will happen then you'll get assigned a project manager with that", "14b8kFpHF-U-00266-00186036-00186576": "company whose main goal is really going to be kind of walking you through what the next steps are", "14b8kFpHF-U-00267-00186672-00187218": "um the first step is going to be a site visit and someone from the company will probably come out", "14b8kFpHF-U-00268-00187284-00187968": "and spend maybe 20 30 minutes at your house you'll have to go in your attic take photos", "14b8kFpHF-U-00269-00187968-00188538": "of your attic structure make sure it can support the solar system as well as your", "14b8kFpHF-U-00270-00188538-00188982": "electrical system look at your electrical panel take photos of that all of which the", "14b8kFpHF-U-00271-00188982-00189588": "design team needs to make sure that they design a system that's you know meets code and if your", "14b8kFpHF-U-00272-00189588-00190356": "electrical panel is full and needs an upgrade that's going to be a factor um so once the site", "14b8kFpHF-U-00273-00190356-00191142": "visit ends the solar install will go through design and the designers will come through or", "14b8kFpHF-U-00274-00191142-00191808": "will from the company will Design out your system this might be a point in time where they'll let", "14b8kFpHF-U-00275-00191808-00192234": "you know hey we can't add this big of a solar system without upgrading your electric panel", "14b8kFpHF-U-00276-00192336-00193122": "um and that electric panel upgrade would be included in the 30 tax credit so it's a good", "14b8kFpHF-U-00277-00193122-00193764": "time you know to get that all include because they can cost four to five thousand dollars um", "14b8kFpHF-U-00278-00194016-00194538": "say visit design and then once the design is completed the company will take care of Permitting", "14b8kFpHF-U-00279-00194538-00195342": "for you um so they'll get that design all laid out sent to the city and county or the ahj as well as", "14b8kFpHF-U-00280-00195342-00195966": "Excel for preliminary approvals once permitting is all done that can take two to three weeks", "14b8kFpHF-U-00281-00196038-00196776": "uh company will come out install the install really should only take a day unless unless", "14b8kFpHF-U-00282-00196776-00197418": "there's a electric panel upgrade but often can take can be done within the day so it's not a", "14b8kFpHF-U-00283-00197418-00198342": "long construction process at all day two days most likely um and then once the installation is done", "14b8kFpHF-U-00284-00198414-00199002": "this the company will schedule a final inspection from the city that inspector will come out that", "14b8kFpHF-U-00285-00199002-00199572": "can take you know one to two weeks it'll come out he or she they'll come out approve the", "14b8kFpHF-U-00286-00199572-00200244": "system the company takes that final inspection and submits it all to Excel for final approval", "14b8kFpHF-U-00287-00200358-00201210": "once Excel approves the system they will then come out and replace your meter with a net meter that", "14b8kFpHF-U-00288-00201210-00201906": "again reads the electricity that you push into their grid and you'll see on your Excel bill", "14b8kFpHF-U-00289-00202116-00202680": "um kind of a credit system so often in the spring and early summer where it's still kind", "14b8kFpHF-U-00290-00202680-00203178": "of cool you're not using your air conditioning if you haven't your system will produce more", "14b8kFpHF-U-00291-00203178-00203772": "electricity than you need and so all that extra electricity will go into the grid and will be", "14b8kFpHF-U-00292-00203772-00204414": "used by your neighbors and so you'll produce all these credits your net meter Will Roll negative", "14b8kFpHF-U-00293-00204414-00204923": "and so you'll produce all these credits in the spring and then maybe in the late summer it's", "14b8kFpHF-U-00294-00204923-00205566": "really hot you're using AC so you're about at 100 percent your system's producing just enough for", "14b8kFpHF-U-00295-00205566-00206238": "what your usages are and then in the winter the sun goes down it's cloudy it's snowy Etc you might", "14b8kFpHF-U-00296-00206238-00206886": "not produce as much electricity as you use even though you're using less you're using more gas", "14b8kFpHF-U-00297-00207090-00208121": "um and so oh and here I can pull this up but those credits will then be used to cover the Gap so", "14b8kFpHF-U-00298-00208182-00208644": "um your credits will come in and cover the Gap and you'll just see kind of what your", "14b8kFpHF-U-00299-00208644-00209226": "pre-monthly balance of credits was and then um credits that were used to cover any electrical", "14b8kFpHF-U-00300-00209226-00210066": "Gap and it'll roll over um and so Excel does give you the possibility the choice to roll", "14b8kFpHF-U-00301-00210066-00210666": "credits over year over year so if you have extra credits um that you didn't use you can roll those", "14b8kFpHF-U-00302-00210666-00211212": "over and build like a bank of credits and that's what I would recommend because the other option", "14b8kFpHF-U-00303-00211212-00211944": "is them buying those credits back from you but they pay you like 0.02 cents per kilowatt hour", "14b8kFpHF-U-00304-00211944-00212592": "or you know two cents per kilowatt hour but you buy it at a little a minimum of eight but", "14b8kFpHF-U-00305-00212592-00213054": "all the way up now with time of use to like 26 Cents a kilowatt hour so they're buying", "14b8kFpHF-U-00306-00213054-00213750": "that back from you at a very low rate so I would recommend banking those credits uh for future use", "14b8kFpHF-U-00307-00213930-00214404": "um and then there's a for the tax credit on solar there's a really quick form I don't", "14b8kFpHF-U-00308-00214404-00214902": "know how you do your taxes but with your CPA you just say hey I got solar this year it's a", "14b8kFpHF-U-00309-00214902-00215508": "540 form it's been a while um but you just fill out that tax form it takes 20 seconds", "14b8kFpHF-U-00310-00215628-00216234": "um where you just say this was the total cost of my system and as long as you have enough", "14b8kFpHF-U-00311-00216234-00217026": "tax liability you get all of that tax credit you know back so let's say it's 4 600 and you have", "14b8kFpHF-U-00312-00217026-00217517": "eight thousand dollars of tax liability you know you get forty six hundred dollars off your taxes", "14b8kFpHF-U-00313-00217626-00218280": "um or your rebate gets bigger if it um if it covers you know more of your tax liability so", "14b8kFpHF-U-00314-00218436-00219096": "um it's a quick form and then you'll get that 4600 back the last thing I'll say most people will do a", "14b8kFpHF-U-00315-00219096-00219828": "solar loan um and this is one thing that's changed since I've been out of the sales industry but", "14b8kFpHF-U-00316-00219930-00220650": "um those loans a lot of people will do a 15-year or a 20-year loan and the loans are fixed", "14b8kFpHF-U-00317-00220848-00221556": "um for the length of the term but um they're all built in where they want you to take that", "14b8kFpHF-U-00318-00221556-00222036": "tax credit and put it towards the loan so if you take your tax credit put that", "14b8kFpHF-U-00319-00222036-00222750": "towards the loan within 18 months um then your cost will remain fixed and usually at or below", "14b8kFpHF-U-00320-00222750-00223560": "what your average electric bill is per month um and but if you don't if you take that tax", "14b8kFpHF-U-00321-00223560-00224040": "credit and invest in something else your rates your kind of fixed monthly cost for that loan", "14b8kFpHF-U-00322-00224040-00224748": "will probably rise above what your average electric bill was um so choice is yours there", "14b8kFpHF-U-00323-00224832-00225480": "um but that yeah that loan now what I have heard is that solar loan interest rates have gone up", "14b8kFpHF-U-00324-00225480-00226476": "from I was selling like uh 20-year loan at uh 2.5 2.9 or like three percent uh 20-year loans and", "14b8kFpHF-U-00325-00226476-00227004": "I've heard now that those loans have gone up to more like six or eight percent which may only be", "14b8kFpHF-U-00326-00227142-00227826": "um an extra 9 or 11 15 a month but interest rates on solar loans have gone up quite a bit", "14b8kFpHF-U-00327-00227826-00228312": "so that would be another reason to get three different bids because each Solar", "14b8kFpHF-U-00328-00228312-00228708": "Company might have different loan structures that might fit your financial needs the best", "14b8kFpHF-U-00329-00228852-00229500": "um some have like no payments for 12 you know for 12 months um et cetera et cetera but just", "14b8kFpHF-U-00330-00229500-00229980": "know that those loans are often built where structured where they want you to take your", "14b8kFpHF-U-00331-00229980-00230580": "30 tax credit and put it towards the loan in order to keep your fixed cost at or below", "14b8kFpHF-U-00332-00230682-00231252": "um at or below what you pay currently on average per month to excel", "14b8kFpHF-U-00333-00231486-00232373": "that hopefully and again as I said it can be a two to six month process I would say overall", "14b8kFpHF-U-00334-00232488-00232973": "um depending on kind of Excel and also how you know", "14b8kFpHF-U-00335-00233040-00233412": "how much work there is if electrical panel and design and all of that but", "14b8kFpHF-U-00336-00233412-00233694": "did that answer your question do you have any follow-up questions on that", "14b8kFpHF-U-00337-00233940-00234564": "and Jeff had a great source for yep the Colorado clean energy fund I haven't seen yeah in the renew", "14b8kFpHF-U-00338-00234564-00235152": "program so renew is an is another great program to look into you can ask those", "14b8kFpHF-U-00339-00235152-00235830": "um uh the companies you get bids from if uh if they use renew and that's another", "14b8kFpHF-U-00340-00235926-00236250": "interesting interesting loan option for sure", "14b8kFpHF-U-00341-00236388-00237036": "um Jeff has used energy Sage um and I yeah I like energy Sage as well as solar reviews for sure", "14b8kFpHF-U-00342-00237216-00237510": "all right um Lauren I hope that I answer your questions", "14b8kFpHF-U-00343-00237660-00238067": "um oh I'll follow up with Lauren no you don't need any available cash to start", "14b8kFpHF-U-00344-00238067-00238632": "um you can certainly put you know pay cash or put cash down um on your loan when you", "14b8kFpHF-U-00345-00238632-00239400": "first get it but you don't need any cash to start up front for solar [Music] um Doug what", "14b8kFpHF-U-00346-00239400-00240036": "are the pros and cons of owning a solar system compared to leasing uh the solar lease yeah um", "14b8kFpHF-U-00347-00240102-00240762": "solar leases were kind of the first iteration of solar and how it really kind of got off the ground", "14b8kFpHF-U-00348-00240888-00241523": "um solar leases are where essentially the Solar Company leases your roof space installs a solar", "14b8kFpHF-U-00349-00241523-00242286": "system on it um and then you pay back you pay instead of paying Excel or you kind of have two", "14b8kFpHF-U-00350-00242286-00242946": "bills you pay you know Excel for any remaining electric needs that you have and then you pay", "14b8kFpHF-U-00351-00242946-00243498": "you purchase the electricity produced from the system on your roof from the Solar Company", "14b8kFpHF-U-00352-00243642-00244571": "um and people like that because the system becomes the solar companies problem right", "14b8kFpHF-U-00353-00244571-00245100": "so if it breaks down it's the solar company that owns it they need to repair it that sort of thing", "14b8kFpHF-U-00354-00245298-00246090": "um so there's just a little less worry about that um and then I believe there's a point in", "14b8kFpHF-U-00355-00246090-00246702": "time where after like 10 years you can buy the system out from them um I'm not sure I haven't", "14b8kFpHF-U-00356-00246702-00247206": "seen a lease in a long time there are very few companies that do leases anymore um they're", "14b8kFpHF-U-00357-00247206-00247788": "messy they're hard to manage when people move it can be a total nightmare because you don't", "14b8kFpHF-U-00358-00247788-00248388": "own everything on your home and you try and sell your home that you don't own and everything on the", "14b8kFpHF-U-00359-00248388-00248994": "biggest nightmare I've heard is that someone moved in got you know got qualified by the bank for the", "14b8kFpHF-U-00360-00248994-00249480": "mortgage but then because they took on this big mortgage they didn't qualify for the solar loan", "14b8kFpHF-U-00361-00249480-00250236": "and so they had to not move into that house um so that it it's certainly messy if you want to move", "14b8kFpHF-U-00362-00250367-00251466": "um for sure I think the benefits of owning solar right are if you can fix your costs um with the", "14b8kFpHF-U-00363-00251466-00252054": "solar loan you have options on on your payout whether you want a 10-year 15 year 12 year 20-year", "14b8kFpHF-U-00364-00252180-00252569": "um you can fix your cost at something that feels comfortable to you and then", "14b8kFpHF-U-00365-00252569-00253026": "once you pay it off you're done right and you could sell a home that has no electric bill", "14b8kFpHF-U-00366-00253158-00253560": "um that sort of thing so it's an added bonus when you sell your home for sure", "14b8kFpHF-U-00367-00253704-00254376": "um and the maintenance is usually very very low again like I said so one of the biggest benefits", "14b8kFpHF-U-00368-00254376-00254928": "I would argue of leasing is you don't have to worry about maintenance but often even when the", "14b8kFpHF-U-00369-00254928-00255564": "system isn't you know working the company might be take a really long time to come and fix your", "14b8kFpHF-U-00370-00255564-00256080": "leased system where you have to go back to paying Excel and time of use rates and all of that so", "14b8kFpHF-U-00371-00256146-00256644": "I've only seen really the benefits the ROI to me the return on investment seems a lot better with", "14b8kFpHF-U-00372-00256644-00257460": "solar um with owning solar and just knowing that you know it's your system and you don't have to", "14b8kFpHF-U-00373-00257556-00258150": "you know keep dealing with a Solar Company that kind of um owns a solar system on your roof so", "14b8kFpHF-U-00374-00258276-00259140": "um but I never sold leases so I might not be the best um I believe Sunrun is the only Solar", "14b8kFpHF-U-00375-00259140-00259721": "Company I know of that's still doing leases so if you want a side-by-side comparison reaching", "14b8kFpHF-U-00376-00259721-00260184": "out to Sunrun who probably wouldn't be my first choice they have like one and a half", "14b8kFpHF-U-00377-00260184-00260850": "stars on energy sage and solarreviews.com um but they're the only Solar Company I know of", "14b8kFpHF-U-00378-00260850-00261516": "that's still doing leases so which might be indicative um ah yes the insurance question", "14b8kFpHF-U-00379-00261726-00262368": "no so most alert most solar systems are fully covered fully covered", "14b8kFpHF-U-00380-00262512-00263172": "um by your current by your current insurance it's certainly worth an ask the most I've ever", "14b8kFpHF-U-00381-00263172-00263880": "seen Insurance increase is like ten dollars a month um so it's not going to be extravagant", "14b8kFpHF-U-00382-00263880-00264606": "but almost every time the current level of homeowners insurance covers covers the system", "14b8kFpHF-U-00383-00264606-00265440": "so very typically no insurance coverage always important to ask because [Music] um you need", "14b8kFpHF-U-00384-00265440-00265998": "to make sure it's covered and that your insurance knows about it um because if there is a hail storm", "14b8kFpHF-U-00385-00266154-00266802": "the panels are more hail resistant than shingle roofs so often the roof around the system will", "14b8kFpHF-U-00386-00266802-00267426": "be damaged and need replacing over the system itself and your insurance company will pay the", "14b8kFpHF-U-00387-00267426-00268050": "Solar Company to come out what's called a DNR will remove the system have the roofers come", "14b8kFpHF-U-00388-00268050-00268638": "in replace the roof and put the system back on and insurance covers that whole process to", "14b8kFpHF-U-00389-00268638-00269328": "replace your roof and then again if panels are damaged in a hail storm they have a 25", "14b8kFpHF-U-00390-00269328-00269862": "year warranty so those your Solar Company will come out will you know order new panels for you", "14b8kFpHF-U-00391-00269994-00270708": "um and replace those if you're within the labor warranty free of cost if if you're not you might", "14b8kFpHF-U-00392-00270708-00271350": "have to pay labor for you know an hour or two to replace a couple panels uh rewire and all of that", "14b8kFpHF-U-00393-00271506-00272934": "um yeah so great question there um lifespan of panels um so this is a great Insight question you", "14b8kFpHF-U-00394-00272934-00273780": "can ask the solar companies when you're getting a bid but panels will last 25 years is their", "14b8kFpHF-U-00395-00273780-00274740": "manufacturer kind of um end date except those will still be 90 or better efficient after 25 years so", "14b8kFpHF-U-00396-00274800-00275418": "um there's every different type of panel has a degradation rate and it's a great way to judge", "14b8kFpHF-U-00397-00275418-00275970": "like premium premium panels versus kind of your Mainline panels so some of the best panels today", "14b8kFpHF-U-00398-00275970-00276798": "have a degradation rate of like 0.03 meaning after 25 years they're going to still be 95 efficient", "14b8kFpHF-U-00399-00276918-00277674": "um your Mainline panels are anywhere from like 87 efficient to 92 percent efficient after 25 years", "14b8kFpHF-U-00400-00277674-00278598": "so the panels will produce electricity for 35 or 40 years but the degradation rate will let you", "14b8kFpHF-U-00401-00278598-00279378": "know um how efficient those panels are proven to be after 25 years which is typically in the", "14b8kFpHF-U-00402-00279378-00279960": "low to mid 90 so they only lose five percent efficiency after 25 years the best panels", "14b8kFpHF-U-00403-00280098-00280620": "all right how am I doing recycling is also coming around Mark that's a great", "14b8kFpHF-U-00404-00280620-00281472": "question there's a lot of startups um but yes there are Now official solar recyclers that", "14b8kFpHF-U-00405-00281532-00282432": "um companies will send panels to to get recycled I know I don't quite know they're", "14b8kFpHF-U-00406-00282432-00282930": "certainly way more for like the utility scale side where there's you know thousands of panels", "14b8kFpHF-U-00407-00283068-00283800": "um I'm not quite sure that you know your local Solar Company is um is kind of recycling panels", "14b8kFpHF-U-00408-00283800-00284526": "quite yet for you but there are solar recyclers that are recycling a lot of the materials you know", "14b8kFpHF-U-00409-00284526-00285384": "up to I think 90 of a panel is getting recycled but um it's a really Rising industry so there is", "14b8kFpHF-U-00410-00285444-00285978": "it is it is out there it's getting better and better you're constantly seeing new articles of", "14b8kFpHF-U-00411-00285978-00286518": "they've done it you know and they've pulled out 100 of the silicone and made fully recycled panels", "14b8kFpHF-U-00412-00286596-00287184": "um but it's all kind of in that pilot to scale phase right now but it is coming around yeah", "14b8kFpHF-U-00413-00287496-00288144": "great we have one person who has his hand raised Adam I'll unmute you if you can talk", "14b8kFpHF-U-00414-00288462-00288768": "hello can you hear me yeah I can hear you great", "14b8kFpHF-U-00415-00288828-00289716": "um thanks cam uh was one question is it possible to have a um because we also have that um sunshare", "14b8kFpHF-U-00416-00289716-00290418": "program we're a customer of sunshare and um we were wondering if it's possible to uh have a", "14b8kFpHF-U-00417-00290418-00291156": "battery backup without putting panels on your house it is it is absolutely and that is a new", "14b8kFpHF-U-00418-00291258-00292050": "tax credit as well battery storage installation is 30 tax credit um and you can add a battery", "14b8kFpHF-U-00419-00292050-00292620": "with or without solar you can add solar and add a battery later you can just have a battery back up", "14b8kFpHF-U-00420-00292770-00293562": "um so absolutely um I would say this is about 16 000 seems a little I think a Tesla power", "14b8kFpHF-U-00421-00293562-00293994": "wall when I was selling two years ago was about twelve thousand five hundred dollars", "14b8kFpHF-U-00422-00294078-00294648": "um so 16 000 but with labor and um yes so yes you can", "14b8kFpHF-U-00423-00294786-00295518": "batteries make a lot more sense with time of use because uh if you've switched to time of use you", "14b8kFpHF-U-00424-00295518-00296142": "can set your battery to turn on at like 4 pm when peak hours start and run through you know seven or", "14b8kFpHF-U-00425-00296142-00296880": "eight pm when peak hours end and so you can cover those points of the day with your battery um or a", "14b8kFpHF-U-00426-00296880-00297606": "lot of it hopefully where you would be paying 24 uh cents a kilowatt hour 28 whatever it is um you", "14b8kFpHF-U-00427-00297606-00298110": "can cover that with your battery and then have it recharge overnight with the cheaper power from the", "14b8kFpHF-U-00428-00298110-00298728": "Grid or if you have solar you know um have your solar system power charge it up in the morning so", "14b8kFpHF-U-00429-00298872-00299478": "um yes I would say especially if you've been pushed on a time of use already by Excel the", "14b8kFpHF-U-00430-00299478-00300204": "return on investment makes a lot more sense um if you're not on time of use uh uh it doesn't the", "14b8kFpHF-U-00431-00300204-00301026": "return is quite a bit longer could be 10 12 years to get your money back but absolutely yeah you can", "14b8kFpHF-U-00432-00301026-00301626": "do a battery okay and uh piggyback question do you know much about the technology of battery", "14b8kFpHF-U-00433-00301626-00302106": "moving away from lithium and into some other Alternatives or is that like still a long way off", "14b8kFpHF-U-00434-00302220-00302748": "um yeah there's some there's some solid uh what are they solid iron phosphate", "14b8kFpHF-U-00435-00302826-00303540": "uh batteries that are a lot safer of course more expensive Sonnen is", "14b8kFpHF-U-00436-00303540-00304194": "one to look up so and then enen I think there's cyan solid iron iron phosphate", "14b8kFpHF-U-00437-00304374-00304944": "um same thing too yes a lot coming out of like this is the new battery the new great battery", "14b8kFpHF-U-00438-00305040-00305622": "um you know there's stuff with salts and sand and you know molten salt and all this stuff so", "14b8kFpHF-U-00439-00305622-00306396": "but the two I know are really lithium and then the um solid iron phosphate which Sonnen and", "14b8kFpHF-U-00440-00306396-00306774": "some others so you could start there you're gonna be a little bit more expensive they", "14b8kFpHF-U-00441-00306774-00307314": "might be uh more durable as well though they might last uh 15 to 20 years instead of kind", "14b8kFpHF-U-00442-00307314-00308064": "of the 10 to 12 of lithium ion ones so they've got some upsides with some potential increased", "14b8kFpHF-U-00443-00308064-00308766": "cost uh Sonnen is one I know but batteries aren't totally my strong suit okay thanks yeah", "14b8kFpHF-U-00444-00309054-00310140": "um great I hope that was helpful it always goes so fast but um I am here to be an independent you", "14b8kFpHF-U-00445-00310140-00310818": "know if you get these bids and you're overwhelmed I work for a non-profit I don't have any ties um", "14b8kFpHF-U-00446-00310818-00311388": "I can recommend you some companies that I trust the most for my time um in the industry so if", "14b8kFpHF-U-00447-00311388-00311844": "you want some ideas of companies to get bids from I'm happy to do that I'm happy to look over bids", "14b8kFpHF-U-00448-00311916-00312552": "um and there's my email um yeah so if your company is interested in working with and", "14b8kFpHF-U-00449-00312552-00313152": "volunteering with grid if you've got any follow-up questions to take to reach out so"}}, {"audio_id": "152VbyI1tMU", "text": {"152VbyI1tMU-00000-00000542-00000802": "There are many people who really suffer from hunger,", "152VbyI1tMU-00001-00000802-00001047": "persecution", "152VbyI1tMU-00002-00001047-00001351": "and humiliation in a place where they live", "152VbyI1tMU-00003-00001351-00001646": "especially difficult places are brick factories", "152VbyI1tMU-00004-00001646-00001947": "in Pakistan. We have an opportunity", "152VbyI1tMU-00005-00001947-00002134": "to help at schools", "152VbyI1tMU-00006-00002166-00002493": "These are schools for slaves, children's parents are the slaves", "152VbyI1tMU-00007-00002493-00002790": "Those children studying in these schools", "152VbyI1tMU-00008-00002790-00003096": "right after finishing their education", "152VbyI1tMU-00009-00003096-00003383": "will be fully qualified to help their parents", "152VbyI1tMU-00010-00003383-00003614": "rescue them from poverty,", "152VbyI1tMU-00011-00003614-00003929": "rescue them from this endless circle of debt", "152VbyI1tMU-00012-00003929-00004242": "and provide for them and themselves", "152VbyI1tMU-00013-00004242-00004548": "For that education is crucial. We have obtained a contact", "152VbyI1tMU-00014-00004548-00005156": "to two schools there in which slave children study. We decided to travel there", "152VbyI1tMU-00015-00005156-00005486": "and see how it looks like in reality.", "152VbyI1tMU-00016-00005486-00005748": "As a group of 4 people", "152VbyI1tMU-00017-00005762-00006084": "we are heading to Pakistan where about 2 million people", "152VbyI1tMU-00018-00006084-00006414": "currently are so deeply in debt that their families", "152VbyI1tMU-00019-00006419-00006732": "and future generations won't be able to break out of it", "152VbyI1tMU-00020-00006737-00007028": "If we could just educate the children", "152VbyI1tMU-00021-00007028-00007305": "for them to be able to get a better job than only", "152VbyI1tMU-00022-00007305-00007567": "as an unqualified worker", "152VbyI1tMU-00023-00007567-00007869": "it would turn out that these people", "152VbyI1tMU-00024-00007869-00008185": "are not only able to get themselves out of slavery", "152VbyI1tMU-00025-00008185-00008488": "but their families as well", "152VbyI1tMU-00026-00008488-00008774": "That's why we primarily want to help schools", "152VbyI1tMU-00027-00008796-00008924": "An annual cost", "152VbyI1tMU-00028-00008962-00009257": "of equipping such a school", "152VbyI1tMU-00029-00009257-00009553": "is not big, about 700 euros", "152VbyI1tMU-00030-00009553-00009849": "Sustaining such a school for a year costs about", "152VbyI1tMU-00031-00009849-00010144": "4000 euros and with such amounts", "152VbyI1tMU-00032-00010144-00010420": "we have to be able to operate in order to help these people", "152VbyI1tMU-00033-00010420-00010642": "Of course, someone might say it is just a", "152VbyI1tMU-00034-00010642-00010906": "drop in the ocean", "152VbyI1tMU-00035-00010906-00011219": "So what you will go there and help 2-3 people?", "152VbyI1tMU-00036-00011219-00011414": "My friend from Pakistan", "152VbyI1tMU-00037-00011414-00011705": "has finished one of these schools. He finished", "152VbyI1tMU-00038-00011705-00011892": "a school for slaves", "152VbyI1tMU-00039-00011892-00012142": "Today, he is our guide", "152VbyI1tMU-00040-00012142-00012459": "Today, he leads such schools and helps others", "152VbyI1tMU-00041-00012463-00012686": "If we manage", "152VbyI1tMU-00042-00012686-00012996": "to rescue a child and educate them", "152VbyI1tMU-00043-00012996-00013289": "In the future, this child will rescue many,", "152VbyI1tMU-00044-00013289-00013580": "themselves and the family for sure", "152VbyI1tMU-00045-00013580-00013871": "from this circle of debt", "152VbyI1tMU-00046-00013871-00014048": "and slavery", "152VbyI1tMU-00047-00014143-00014427": "What we are doing is a strategical investment", "152VbyI1tMU-00048-00014427-00014730": "for many years ahead so that", "152VbyI1tMU-00049-00014730-00015021": "at the gates of Europe we will not see", "152VbyI1tMU-00050-00015021-00015329": "such dramatical events we see everyday in the news", "152VbyI1tMU-00051-00015330-00015621": "You know, if you will join us it may turn out", "152VbyI1tMU-00052-00015622-00015900": "that instead of 2-3 rescued, there will be 4-5", "152VbyI1tMU-00053-00015900-00016222": "I kindly invite you to help us in helping others", "152VbyI1tMU-00054-00016222-00016422": "(Number of account for donations below in the description)"}}, {"audio_id": "154lNvQF24k", "text": {"154lNvQF24k-00000-00000010-00000180": "WAITE PARK BEATS THEM 11-1.", "154lNvQF24k-00001-00000180-00000186": "WAITE PARK BEATS THEM 11-1.", "154lNvQF24k-00002-00000186-00000286": "WAITE PARK BEATS THEM 11-1. >>> WELL, IT'S THAT TIME OF YEAR", "154lNvQF24k-00003-00000286-00000293": "WAITE PARK BEATS THEM 11-1. >>> WELL, IT'S THAT TIME OF YEAR", "154lNvQF24k-00004-00000293-00000447": "WAITE PARK BEATS THEM 11-1. >>> WELL, IT'S THAT TIME OF YEAR AGAIN, FOLKS.", "154lNvQF24k-00005-00000447-00000453": ">>> WELL, IT'S THAT TIME OF YEAR AGAIN, FOLKS.", "154lNvQF24k-00006-00000453-00000593": ">>> WELL, IT'S THAT TIME OF YEAR AGAIN, FOLKS. THE 94th ANNUAL BIRCHMONT GOLF", "154lNvQF24k-00007-00000593-00000600": "AGAIN, FOLKS. THE 94th ANNUAL BIRCHMONT GOLF", "154lNvQF24k-00008-00000600-00000807": "AGAIN, FOLKS. THE 94th ANNUAL BIRCHMONT GOLF TOURNAMENT STARTS THIS COMING", "154lNvQF24k-00009-00000807-00000814": "THE 94th ANNUAL BIRCHMONT GOLF TOURNAMENT STARTS THIS COMING", "154lNvQF24k-00010-00000814-00001297": "THE 94th ANNUAL BIRCHMONT GOLF TOURNAMENT STARTS THIS COMING MONDAY AND GOES ALL THE WAY", "154lNvQF24k-00011-00001297-00001304": "TOURNAMENT STARTS THIS COMING MONDAY AND GOES ALL THE WAY", "154lNvQF24k-00012-00001304-00001418": "TOURNAMENT STARTS THIS COMING MONDAY AND GOES ALL THE WAY THROUGH SATURDAY, THE 28th.", "154lNvQF24k-00013-00001418-00001424": "MONDAY AND GOES ALL THE WAY THROUGH SATURDAY, THE 28th.", "154lNvQF24k-00014-00001424-00001524": "MONDAY AND GOES ALL THE WAY THROUGH SATURDAY, THE 28th. QUALIFYING ROUNDS TAKE PLACE", "154lNvQF24k-00015-00001524-00001531": "THROUGH SATURDAY, THE 28th. QUALIFYING ROUNDS TAKE PLACE", "154lNvQF24k-00016-00001531-00001641": "THROUGH SATURDAY, THE 28th. QUALIFYING ROUNDS TAKE PLACE MONDAY AND TUESDAY, BUT ALL", "154lNvQF24k-00017-00001641-00001648": "QUALIFYING ROUNDS TAKE PLACE MONDAY AND TUESDAY, BUT ALL", "154lNvQF24k-00018-00001648-00001855": "QUALIFYING ROUNDS TAKE PLACE MONDAY AND TUESDAY, BUT ALL GOLFERS ENTERED ARE ELIGIBLE FOR", "154lNvQF24k-00019-00001855-00001861": "MONDAY AND TUESDAY, BUT ALL GOLFERS ENTERED ARE ELIGIBLE FOR", "154lNvQF24k-00020-00001861-00001968": "MONDAY AND TUESDAY, BUT ALL GOLFERS ENTERED ARE ELIGIBLE FOR MATCHPLAY, WHICH STARTS ON", "154lNvQF24k-00021-00001968-00001975": "GOLFERS ENTERED ARE ELIGIBLE FOR MATCHPLAY, WHICH STARTS ON", "154lNvQF24k-00022-00001975-00002052": "GOLFERS ENTERED ARE ELIGIBLE FOR MATCHPLAY, WHICH STARTS ON WEDNESDAY.", "154lNvQF24k-00023-00002052-00002058": "MATCHPLAY, WHICH STARTS ON WEDNESDAY.", "154lNvQF24k-00024-00002058-00002182": "MATCHPLAY, WHICH STARTS ON WEDNESDAY. GOLFERS WILL BE GROUPED INTO", "154lNvQF24k-00025-00002182-00002188": "WEDNESDAY. GOLFERS WILL BE GROUPED INTO", "154lNvQF24k-00026-00002188-00002245": "WEDNESDAY. GOLFERS WILL BE GROUPED INTO FOUR PLAYER TEE TIMES.", "154lNvQF24k-00027-00002245-00002252": "GOLFERS WILL BE GROUPED INTO FOUR PLAYER TEE TIMES.", "154lNvQF24k-00028-00002252-00002348": "GOLFERS WILL BE GROUPED INTO FOUR PLAYER TEE TIMES. THE BIRCHMONT DRAWS MANY PLAYERS", "154lNvQF24k-00029-00002348-00002355": "FOUR PLAYER TEE TIMES. THE BIRCHMONT DRAWS MANY PLAYERS", "154lNvQF24k-00030-00002355-00002455": "FOUR PLAYER TEE TIMES. THE BIRCHMONT DRAWS MANY PLAYERS FROM MINNESOTA AND OUTSIDE THE", "154lNvQF24k-00031-00002455-00002462": "THE BIRCHMONT DRAWS MANY PLAYERS FROM MINNESOTA AND OUTSIDE THE", "154lNvQF24k-00032-00002462-00002782": "THE BIRCHMONT DRAWS MANY PLAYERS FROM MINNESOTA AND OUTSIDE THE STATE AS WELL.", "154lNvQF24k-00033-00002782-00002789": "FROM MINNESOTA AND OUTSIDE THE STATE AS WELL.", "154lNvQF24k-00034-00002789-00002939": "FROM MINNESOTA AND OUTSIDE THE STATE AS WELL. >> WE HAVE A LOT OF REGULAR", "154lNvQF24k-00035-00002939-00002946": "STATE AS WELL. >> WE HAVE A LOT OF REGULAR", "154lNvQF24k-00036-00002946-00003113": "STATE AS WELL. >> WE HAVE A LOT OF REGULAR PLAYERS THAT SEEM TO COME BACK", "154lNvQF24k-00037-00003113-00003119": ">> WE HAVE A LOT OF REGULAR PLAYERS THAT SEEM TO COME BACK", "154lNvQF24k-00038-00003119-00003173": ">> WE HAVE A LOT OF REGULAR PLAYERS THAT SEEM TO COME BACK YEAR TO YEAR.", "154lNvQF24k-00039-00003173-00003179": "PLAYERS THAT SEEM TO COME BACK YEAR TO YEAR.", "154lNvQF24k-00040-00003179-00003319": "PLAYERS THAT SEEM TO COME BACK YEAR TO YEAR. IF YOU LOOK AT OUR ENTRIES, WE", "154lNvQF24k-00041-00003319-00003326": "YEAR TO YEAR. IF YOU LOOK AT OUR ENTRIES, WE", "154lNvQF24k-00042-00003326-00003510": "YEAR TO YEAR. IF YOU LOOK AT OUR ENTRIES, WE HAVE PLAYERS FROM PROBABLY A", "154lNvQF24k-00043-00003510-00003516": "IF YOU LOOK AT OUR ENTRIES, WE HAVE PLAYERS FROM PROBABLY A", "154lNvQF24k-00044-00003516-00003643": "IF YOU LOOK AT OUR ENTRIES, WE HAVE PLAYERS FROM PROBABLY A DOZEN DIFFERENT STATES.", "154lNvQF24k-00045-00003643-00003650": "HAVE PLAYERS FROM PROBABLY A DOZEN DIFFERENT STATES.", "154lNvQF24k-00046-00003650-00003817": "HAVE PLAYERS FROM PROBABLY A DOZEN DIFFERENT STATES. A LOT OF REGIONAL PLAY FOR SURE", "154lNvQF24k-00047-00003817-00003823": "DOZEN DIFFERENT STATES. A LOT OF REGIONAL PLAY FOR SURE", "154lNvQF24k-00048-00003823-00003967": "DOZEN DIFFERENT STATES. A LOT OF REGIONAL PLAY FOR SURE ANYTHING FROM THE STATE OF", "154lNvQF24k-00049-00003967-00003973": "A LOT OF REGIONAL PLAY FOR SURE ANYTHING FROM THE STATE OF", "154lNvQF24k-00050-00003973-00004130": "A LOT OF REGIONAL PLAY FOR SURE ANYTHING FROM THE STATE OF MINNESOTA OR JUST MANY PLAYERS", "154lNvQF24k-00051-00004130-00004137": "ANYTHING FROM THE STATE OF MINNESOTA OR JUST MANY PLAYERS", "154lNvQF24k-00052-00004137-00004280": "ANYTHING FROM THE STATE OF MINNESOTA OR JUST MANY PLAYERS WHO HAVE TIES TO BEMIDJI.", "154lNvQF24k-00053-00004280-00004287": "MINNESOTA OR JUST MANY PLAYERS WHO HAVE TIES TO BEMIDJI.", "154lNvQF24k-00054-00004287-00004461": "MINNESOTA OR JUST MANY PLAYERS WHO HAVE TIES TO BEMIDJI. LOVE OUR TOURNAMENT, FAMILY,", "154lNvQF24k-00055-00004461-00004467": "WHO HAVE TIES TO BEMIDJI. LOVE OUR TOURNAMENT, FAMILY,", "154lNvQF24k-00056-00004467-00004634": "WHO HAVE TIES TO BEMIDJI. LOVE OUR TOURNAMENT, FAMILY, WHATEVER IT MIGHT BE, WE DO GET", "154lNvQF24k-00057-00004634-00004641": "LOVE OUR TOURNAMENT, FAMILY, WHATEVER IT MIGHT BE, WE DO GET", "154lNvQF24k-00058-00004641-00004788": "LOVE OUR TOURNAMENT, FAMILY, WHATEVER IT MIGHT BE, WE DO GET A WIDE RANGE OF PLAYERS", "154lNvQF24k-00059-00004788-00004794": "WHATEVER IT MIGHT BE, WE DO GET A WIDE RANGE OF PLAYERS", "154lNvQF24k-00060-00004794-00004884": "WHATEVER IT MIGHT BE, WE DO GET A WIDE RANGE OF PLAYERS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY.", "154lNvQF24k-00061-00004884-00004891": "A WIDE RANGE OF PLAYERS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY.", "154lNvQF24k-00062-00004891-00005121": "A WIDE RANGE OF PLAYERS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. >> LAST YEAR'S MEN'S CHAMPION", "154lNvQF24k-00063-00005121-00005128": "THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. >> LAST YEAR'S MEN'S CHAMPION", "154lNvQF24k-00064-00005128-00005195": "THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. >> LAST YEAR'S MEN'S CHAMPION ANDREW ISRAELSON WILL GO FOR THE", "154lNvQF24k-00065-00005195-00005201": ">> LAST YEAR'S MEN'S CHAMPION ANDREW ISRAELSON WILL GO FOR THE", "154lNvQF24k-00066-00005201-00005295": ">> LAST YEAR'S MEN'S CHAMPION ANDREW ISRAELSON WILL GO FOR THE THREEPEAT THIS YEAR, BUT IT", "154lNvQF24k-00067-00005295-00005301": "ANDREW ISRAELSON WILL GO FOR THE THREEPEAT THIS YEAR, BUT IT", "154lNvQF24k-00068-00005301-00005368": "ANDREW ISRAELSON WILL GO FOR THE THREEPEAT THIS YEAR, BUT IT LOOKS LIKE THERE WILL BE A NEW", "154lNvQF24k-00069-00005368-00005375": "THREEPEAT THIS YEAR, BUT IT LOOKS LIKE THERE WILL BE A NEW", "154lNvQF24k-00070-00005375-00005475": "THREEPEAT THIS YEAR, BUT IT LOOKS LIKE THERE WILL BE A NEW CHAMP ON THE WOMEN'S SIDE.", "154lNvQF24k-00071-00005475-00005482": "LOOKS LIKE THERE WILL BE A NEW CHAMP ON THE WOMEN'S SIDE.", "154lNvQF24k-00072-00005482-00005585": "LOOKS LIKE THERE WILL BE A NEW CHAMP ON THE WOMEN'S SIDE. AS LAST YEAR'S WINNER KATIE", "154lNvQF24k-00073-00005585-00005592": "CHAMP ON THE WOMEN'S SIDE. AS LAST YEAR'S WINNER KATIE", "154lNvQF24k-00074-00005592-00005642": "CHAMP ON THE WOMEN'S SIDE. AS LAST YEAR'S WINNER KATIE SHEETZ IS NOT ON THE LIST FOR"}}, {"audio_id": "158Ho0VmbDu", "text": {"158Ho0VmbDu-00000-00000975-00001400": "What is the significance of the EU quality framework  on early childhood education and care?", "158Ho0VmbDu-00001-00001426-00001739": "Children's experiences  in early year services across Europe", "158Ho0VmbDu-00002-00001780-00002359": "have the potential to be really influential  in their current lives, in their future lives", "158Ho0VmbDu-00003-00002381-00002540": "and in fact throughout their life.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00004-00002592-00003100": "So it is really critical that we make  those experiences the best quality that we possibly can", "158Ho0VmbDu-00005-00003152-00003347": "for children and for their families.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00006-00003379-00003921": "When the Quality Framework came out in 2014,  it was a proposal, a draft set of statements", "158Ho0VmbDu-00007-00003979-00004457": "and even in that format, it has already  made some impact in policy across Europe.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00008-00004475-00004919": "What does ‘quality’ mean? How can families,  communities and local services contribute?", "158Ho0VmbDu-00009-00004960-00005420": "Children develop best in an environment  where all stakeholders, all adults", "158Ho0VmbDu-00010-00005485-00005750": "who work in the support of  their care and education,", "158Ho0VmbDu-00011-00005780-00006204": "work in partnership with  a common shared set of goals and understandings", "158Ho0VmbDu-00012-00006268-00006737": "and so those really important relationships  are the starting point of quality.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00013-00006800-00007320": "It is really important that  staff, practitioners, teachers, parents", "158Ho0VmbDu-00014-00007361-00007698": "and wider families and societies  and communities work together,", "158Ho0VmbDu-00015-00007750-00008122": "work together to share their understanding of how children best develop and learn.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00016-00008179-00008520": "We also need a shared vision of  what quality looks like in practice.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00017-00008572-00008938": "That can be expressed through  curricula or programmes of learning", "158Ho0VmbDu-00018-00008979-00009400": "that are informed by best evidence  around how children develop and learn.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00019-00009478-00010017": "We also really importantly need  to find support at the macrosystem level", "158Ho0VmbDu-00020-00010039-00010440": "so policymakers need to provide  the resources, the governance infrastructure", "158Ho0VmbDu-00021-00010495-00010734": "and all of those elements  that are going to create", "158Ho0VmbDu-00022-00010756-00011062": "what has often been  described as a competent system", "158Ho0VmbDu-00023-00011100-00011340": "which supports quality at all levels", "158Ho0VmbDu-00024-00011380-00011778": "from the top at policy making  right through to the experiences that children have.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00025-00011803-00012260": "Can quality ECEC have an impact on  the inclusiveness and efficiency of education systems?", "158Ho0VmbDu-00026-00012296-00012638": "Early childhood education  can lay foundation stones", "158Ho0VmbDu-00027-00012680-00012980": "that really give children  the potential and build their capacity", "158Ho0VmbDu-00028-00013002-00013440": "to benefit from the offer of education  right throughout the education system", "158Ho0VmbDu-00029-00013478-00013821": "and indeed into their professional lives  and in their personal lives as well.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00030-00013959-00014519": "In early childhood we build strong foundations  through fostering learning dispositions", "158Ho0VmbDu-00031-00014568-00014990": "such as creativity,  self-regulation, problem-solving.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00032-00015044-00015560": "We create children who understand each other,  who can be members of communities and societies.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00033-00015616-00016135": "We foster empathy and unfortunately  in the current climate across Europe,", "158Ho0VmbDu-00034-00016157-00016363": "we could do with  a lot more empathy and compassion.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00035-00016442-00016908": "How can the status of practitioners  working in early childhood education be improved?", "158Ho0VmbDu-00036-00016940-00017219": "But what is really important  as well is the fact that", "158Ho0VmbDu-00037-00017241-00017620": "you need highly qualified skilled adults  to work with those young children,", "158Ho0VmbDu-00038-00017676-00017964": "to support those really  positive learning interactions,", "158Ho0VmbDu-00039-00018001-00018218": "to find those teachable moments", "158Ho0VmbDu-00040-00018259-00018638": "where children make that breakthrough  in their learning and development.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00041-00018737-00019043": "Those adults need  to be qualified appropriately", "158Ho0VmbDu-00042-00019080-00019340": "but they also need  to find the work rewarding.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00043-00019390-00019718": "They need to be recognised and  valued for the work that they do.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00044-00019783-00020307": "Unfortunately, too often across Europe,  the early childhood workforce tends to be", "158Ho0VmbDu-00045-00020420-00020820": "the poorer relations in the education system  and that is something that we must change.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00046-00020877-00021140": "We really need to understand  that the starting point", "158Ho0VmbDu-00047-00021162-00021652": "for improving the quality of  experiences for young children", "158Ho0VmbDu-00048-00021719-00022244": "is to ensure that we have a strong, competent, confident workforce", "158Ho0VmbDu-00049-00022320-00022500": "who feel fulfilled in their work", "158Ho0VmbDu-00050-00022577-00023059": "so they come in with that positive attitude  that models learning for young children.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00051-00023098-00023541": "We need to recognise that the work that  early childhood professionals do is critical.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00052-00023613-00023962": "If they cannot do a good job  working with our youngest children,", "158Ho0VmbDu-00053-00024020-00024525": "then we are always going to be catching up  in the remainder of the education system.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00054-00024580-00024982": "They need to be given parity of status  and parity of recognition and value.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00055-00025004-00025460": "What is your view on the transition  from early years to primary school?", "158Ho0VmbDu-00056-00025484-00025842": "Transitions are something that is positive  if they are supported correctly.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00057-00025918-00026285": "Our first transition from  the close, warm connectedness of our families", "158Ho0VmbDu-00058-00026339-00026820": "into an early year service is becoming  more and more common for children across Europe.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00059-00026950-00027208": "In recent times  the numbers of children being funded", "158Ho0VmbDu-00060-00027230-00027639": "to attend free earlier services  has increased quite dramatically.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00061-00027775-00028318": "This presents challenges for the next stage,  the next transition: the one into primary school.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00062-00028380-00028720": "Because now we have a cohort of  young children across Europe", "158Ho0VmbDu-00063-00028779-00029254": "who have had hopefully the experience of  high quality early education and care", "158Ho0VmbDu-00064-00029320-00029786": "and this has developed their capacity,  their learning dispositions, their skills,", "158Ho0VmbDu-00065-00029826-00030080": "their empathy, their ability to communicate,", "158Ho0VmbDu-00066-00030133-00030483": "and primary schools and  primary teachers need to be ready for that.", "158Ho0VmbDu-00067-00030560-00030900": "They need to understand that  there has to be continuity", "158Ho0VmbDu-00068-00030943-00031100": "both in the experiences", "158Ho0VmbDu-00069-00031139-00031702": "but also in the way in which children  are recognised as competent, confident learners."}}, {"audio_id": "15l0TiSgu78", "text": {"15l0TiSgu78-00000-00000140-00000397": "FOR MOST PEOPLE, THE TERM \"CYBER SECURITY\" BRINGS TO", "15l0TiSgu78-00001-00000397-00000660": "MIND SECURITY OF THEIR PERSONAL INFORMATION BUT", "15l0TiSgu78-00002-00000660-00000900": "IN THIS NETWORKED-WORLD, MORE AND MORE THINGS ARE", "15l0TiSgu78-00003-00000900-00001161": "CONNECTED AND CONTROLLED THROUGH THE INTERNET.", "15l0TiSgu78-00004-00001161-00001274": "THE U.S.", "15l0TiSgu78-00005-00001274-00001464": "NAVY'S OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH IS DEVELOPING THE", "15l0TiSgu78-00006-00001464-00001628": "RESILIENT HULL, MECHANICAL,", "15l0TiSgu78-00007-00001628-00001901": "AND ELECTRICAL SECURITY, OR RHIMES SYSTEM,", "15l0TiSgu78-00008-00001901-00002162": "A CYBER PROTECTION SYSTEM DESIGNED TO MAKE SHIPBOARD", "15l0TiSgu78-00009-00002162-00002459": "MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL CONTROL SYSTEMS RESILIENT", "15l0TiSgu78-00010-00002459-00002572": "TO CYBER ATTACKS.", "15l0TiSgu78-00011-00002622-00002826": "RHIMES IS DESIGNED TO PREVENT AN ATTACKER FROM", "15l0TiSgu78-00012-00002826-00003053": "DISABLING OR TAKING CONTROL OF PROGRAMMABLE", "15l0TiSgu78-00013-00003053-00003336": "LOGIC CONTROLLERS,THE HARDWARE COMPONENTS THAT", "15l0TiSgu78-00014-00003336-00003536": "INTERFACE WITH THE PHYSICAL SYSTEMS ON A", "15l0TiSgu78-00015-00003536-00003643": "SHIP.", "15l0TiSgu78-00016-00003643-00003837": "SHIPBOARD SYSTEMS THAT RHIMES WILL POTENTIALY", "15l0TiSgu78-00017-00003837-00004060": "PROTECT INCLUDE DAMAGE CONTROL AND FIREFIGHTING", "15l0TiSgu78-00018-00004060-00004317": "SYSTEMS, ANCHORING, CLIMATE CONTROL,", "15l0TiSgu78-00019-00004317-00004567": "ELECTRIC POWER , STEERING AND ENGINE CONTROL.", "15l0TiSgu78-00020-00004567-00005068": "FOR MORE ON THIS STORY AND MORE, VISIT NAVY.MIL"}}, {"audio_id": "15Yf0makOHk", "text": {"15Yf0makOHk-00000-00000000-00014393": "Free Masked Wolf Type Beat With Hook - \"Back To The Bone\" | Hard Rap Type Beat 2021 - SoundsByFrenk"}}, {"audio_id": "163VhZUY69Q", "text": {"163VhZUY69Q-00000-00001711-00001939": "The herring gull is a true coastal inhabitant.", "163VhZUY69Q-00001-00002028-00002200": "The noise is quintessential for the Wadden area.", "163VhZUY69Q-00002-00002312-00002636": "With her bright, yellow eyes, the herring gull looks vicious.", "163VhZUY69Q-00003-00002732-00003012": "His menu consists of everything that comes out of the sea.", "163VhZUY69Q-00004-00003465-00003670": "During storm, the herring gull is in his element.", "163VhZUY69Q-00005-00003884-00004190": "Then he hovers above waves in the surf in search of something edible.", "163VhZUY69Q-00006-00004494-00004696": "Shellfish and fish are a favorite.", "163VhZUY69Q-00007-00004970-00005376": "Herring gulls are colony brothers and breed with many hundreds together in the dunes.", "163VhZUY69Q-00008-00005702-00006044": "To win over a female, the male brings the female a dowry.", "163VhZUY69Q-00009-00006442-00006572": "Together they raise their young", "163VhZUY69Q-00010-00006900-00007152": "The number of herring gulls is declining in the Wadden area.", "163VhZUY69Q-00011-00007359-00007728": "This is probably due to the disappearance of intensive fishing in the Wadden Sea.", "163VhZUY69Q-00012-00008192-00008574": "Strangely enough, this makes it more difficult for the herring gulls to get their food.", "163VhZUY69Q-00013-00008820-00009062": "But gulls are opportunists;", "163VhZUY69Q-00014-00009062-00009304": "if there is food somewhere, gulls are there as well.", "163VhZUY69Q-00015-00009358-00009548": "They are real omnivores."}}, {"audio_id": "16txu_nhbak", "text": {"16txu_nhbak-00000-00000038-00000480": "\"I learned the most from YouTube and Udemy and I earned money over several freelance platforms.", "16txu_nhbak-00003-00000580-00001094": "At first I worked with logo and graphic design, but then I began to show interest in digital marketing", "16txu_nhbak-00004-00001110-00001362": "and I work with it now more than with design.", "16txu_nhbak-00005-00001362-00001980": "I own a blog Freelance TnT on which I write about where to learn stuff for free", "16txu_nhbak-00006-00001980-00002404": "in fields like digital marketing, social networks, graphic design and photography.", "16txu_nhbak-00007-00002514-00002834": "Also, where to monetize it and how to promote it.\"", "16txu_nhbak-00008-00002834-00002988": "said Aleksej.", "16txu_nhbak-00009-00003960-00004588": "Right now we can find Google Chrome extensions online for almost anything that crosses our mind.", "16txu_nhbak-00010-00004628-00004838": "In the sea of the extensions available on Google", "16txu_nhbak-00011-00004844-00005236": "we face the dilemma on which extensions are the right ones for a certain type of work.", "16txu_nhbak-00012-00005276-00005592": "Top 3 digital marketing extensions that I would like to mention are:", "16txu_nhbak-00013-00005592-00005894": "Grammarly, Page Analytics and Unshorten.link.", "16txu_nhbak-00014-00005942-00006320": "Grammarly is a Google Chrome extension that prevents us from making grammatical mistakes", "16txu_nhbak-00015-00006340-00006526": "while creating content in English.", "16txu_nhbak-00016-00006618-00006995": "It works everywhere, no matter if we write on a website, on social networks", "16txu_nhbak-00017-00007062-00007526": "or whether we compose an e-mail or leave comments on forums.", "16txu_nhbak-00018-00007536-00008230": "With Grammarly we can be sure that everything written in English will be grammatically correct.", "16txu_nhbak-00019-00008276-00009358": "Even more, if we are not sure about something we wrote, this extension will give us suggestions for it.", "16txu_nhbak-00020-00010070-00010464": "Another extension I would like to mention, besides Grammarly, is called Page Analytics.", "16txu_nhbak-00021-00010464-00011048": "Page Analytics extension applies the best to websites.", "16txu_nhbak-00022-00011048-00011756": "It give us insight in user behaviour on our site.", "16txu_nhbak-00023-00011790-00012922": "User behavior implies where users of our site stay the most, what they click the most and what not", "16txu_nhbak-00024-00012922-00013174": "and what they are not interested in on our website.", "16txu_nhbak-00025-00013190-00013860": "By using Page Analytics, we will have complete insight in how users behave on the website.", "16txu_nhbak-00026-00013860-00014668": "Later, you can use that information for the optimization of the website and its design", "16txu_nhbak-00027-00014668-00015002": "and for the increase of conversions and user experience on the website.", "16txu_nhbak-00028-00015046-00015544": "The third extension for digital marketing I would like to mention is called Unshorten.link.", "16txu_nhbak-00029-00015610-00016618": "Unshorten.link is an extension that enables us to reveal the real link hidden with URL shorteners such as Bitly.", "16txu_nhbak-00030-00016676-00017834": "So if we see a link that is hidden or shortened, with Unshorten.link we can see where that link will take us", "16txu_nhbak-00031-00017836-00017964": "before clicking on the link.", "16txu_nhbak-00032-00017964-00018584": "When it comes to SEO extensions, which are very important to digital marketers,", "16txu_nhbak-00033-00018604-00019132": "my top 3 are: WooRank, Check My Links and SEOquake.", "16txu_nhbak-00034-00019188-00019986": "WooRank is an extension that give us complete insight in how our site looks on search engines.", "16txu_nhbak-00035-00020012-00020556": "With the help of this extension we can optimize our webisite", "16txu_nhbak-00036-00020586-00021176": "so it will score the best rank possible on search engines and also to make the website faster.", "16txu_nhbak-00037-00021208-00021958": "Check My Links is a Google Chrome extension that enables us to check the validity of links on our website", "16txu_nhbak-00038-00021958-00022300": "and therefore helps us to remove or fix the invalid ones.", "16txu_nhbak-00039-00022324-00023418": "SEOquake extension is very similar to WooRank  and it also gives us complete insight in the website analytic", "16txu_nhbak-00040-00023418-00023984": "in order to see how it's ranked on Google and other search engines and how fast the website is.", "16txu_nhbak-00041-00024064-00024544": "Regarding social network marketing, my top 3 extensions are:", "16txu_nhbak-00042-00024544-00024862": "Buffer, Hootsuite and DrumUp.", "16txu_nhbak-00043-00024876-00025290": "More or less, all digital marketers know about Buffer and its possibilities.", "16txu_nhbak-00044-00025356-00026236": "With Buffer we can schedule when to publish content on several social networks.", "16txu_nhbak-00045-00026236-00026900": "We can have complete insight in how the published content behaves and how the users react to it", "16txu_nhbak-00046-00026900-00027606": "and generally use Buffer analytics to optimize our campaigns on social networks.", "16txu_nhbak-00047-00027677-00028672": "Hootsuite extension is very similar to Buffer and it more or less offers the same things as Buffer.", "16txu_nhbak-00048-00028672-00029322": "DrumUp extension is a bit different to Buffer and Hootsuite.", "16txu_nhbak-00049-00029436-00030195": "If we subscribe to daily newsletter we will get useful content in which we showed interest earlier.", "16txu_nhbak-00050-00030195-00030756": "If you work with digital marketing and have subscribed to DrumUp", "16txu_nhbak-00051-00030756-00031877": "you will get daily e-mails with 5-10 interesting links that you can read or share on social networks."}}, {"audio_id": "16ZIHTZxiFu", "text": {"16ZIHTZxiFu-00000-00000026-00000246": "Which broadcaster are you from? Section?", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00001-00000246-00000478": "NO. I'm from Gogo 2020 TV.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00002-00000478-00000550": "What? What?", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00003-00000556-00000662": "GOGO2020", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00004-00000662-00000861": "GOGO? What? Where are you going?", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00005-00000861-00001152": "NO NO. GOGO2020 TV", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00006-00001152-00001364": "By the way why is your hair style like that?", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00007-00001364-00001522": "Hair? Why is my hair style like this", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00008-00001522-00001602": "Again", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00009-00001602-00001742": "Which broadcaster are you from?", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00010-00001742-00001860": "I'm from GOGO2020 TV.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00011-00001870-00001952": "Section TV? (famous TV show in Korea)", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00012-00001952-00002016": "NO. NO.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00013-00002016-00002076": "Yeun Ye Ga Jung Gye?(famous TV program in Korea)", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00014-00002076-00002138": "NO!", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00015-00002138-00002284": "GOGO2020", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00016-00002284-00002498": "GOGO? What? Where are you going?", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00017-00004015-00004486": "Hello Guys. Today is our 2nd album photo taking day.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00018-00004504-00004626": "First, I will move the luggage.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00019-00004660-00004830": "Suddenly go away?", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00020-00004990-00005368": "Hello Guys. Today is our 2nd album photo taking day.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00021-00005368-00006502": "First, Today I will introduce the 2Z band members, Staff and Producer.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00022-00006552-00006752": "(JungHyun Cam)", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00023-00006752-00007131": "Please look forward to Junghyun Cam. See you soon. Thank you.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00024-00007131-00007420": "Please introduce yourself", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00025-00007420-00007620": "I'm Bum Jun, the leader of 2z.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00026-00007620-00007820": "I'll give you 10 seconds to appeal yourself.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00027-00007852-00007938": "1 Second", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00028-00008030-00008230": "Kim Ho Jin..  Come on", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00029-00008230-00008430": "Staff) JungHyun Here's your Hat!", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00030-00008652-00008792": "This Time!", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00031-00008820-00009198": "Our main vocal, our voice", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00032-00009198-00009542": "I'm going to introduce Hojin Bro", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00033-00009542-00009740": "One Two Three", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00034-00009930-00010302": "Please introduce yourself to the fans", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00035-00010542-00010928": "Hi GUYS. My name is Hojin.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00036-00010928-00011342": "I am the older brother of Junghyun.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00037-00011342-00011834": "and I'll give you 10 seconds to appeal yourself.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00038-00011834-00012268": "Can you recommend?", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00039-00012268-00012476": "Can you give a cute look.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00040-00012476-00012602": "No No.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00041-00012602-00012878": "Please pose as a wild man", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00042-00012878-00013106": "Ok", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00043-00013597-00013791": "That's why Hojin is so attractive", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00044-00013791-00013916": "Finally", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00045-00013916-00014050": "Guitarist!", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00046-00014197-00014808": "Introducing Ji-Seop, the guitarist who works best with me.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00047-00014808-00015122": "Hi. Guys I'm Jiseob, Guitarist of 2z.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00048-00015122-00015408": "and I'll give you 10 seconds to appeal yourself.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00049-00015408-00015490": "Appeal Time?", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00050-00015490-00015656": "Yes! your most attractive", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00051-00015656-00015958": "Show you someting!", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00052-00015958-00016078": "Did you do that?", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00053-00016078-00016202": "I'll do it last.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00054-00016202-00016402": "um. The jawline", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00055-00016456-00016656": "Can you see the jawline", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00056-00016860-00016936": "This is my best attraction.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00057-00016936-00017010": "Finish?", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00058-00017010-00017060": "Yes!", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00059-00017126-00018036": "Now Let me see if I can interview in the hair makeup room.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00060-00018374-00018458": "No entry", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00061-00018504-00018612": "Junghyun can't do anything", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00062-00018612-00018982": "Finally, the 2nd album studio shooting is over.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00063-00018982-00019532": "I will end with an interview with the photographer who took the picture.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00064-00019532-00019664": "Are you still interviewing?", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00065-00019664-00020224": "Finally, I will introduce the photographer.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00066-00020224-00020502": "Thank you very much.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00067-00020530-00021092": "Please share your feelings during the photo shoot", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00068-00021092-00021320": "It was very difficult.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00069-00021320-00021686": "When was it difficult compared to the album's first album?", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00070-00021776-00022102": "The first album was harder.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00071-00022102-00022290": "really?", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00072-00022290-00022834": "It ’s my second meeting, so I ’m more comfortable", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00073-00022920-00023198": "And everyone is so good", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00074-00023292-00023686": "And I saw your new look like this. I thought you were silent", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00075-00023686-00023800": "When you danced", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00076-00024194-00024728": "I thought I was in the Itaewon club", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00077-00024926-00025160": "The second album photo shoot is over.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00078-00025160-00025292": "Is that already?", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00079-00025292-00025460": "Yes. Second Album", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00080-00025476-00026026": "Please share your feelings during the photo shoot", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00081-00026072-00026272": "Too hungry", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00082-00026445-00026682": "I saw you eating a lot of sweets", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00083-00026682-00027010": "I want to eat dinner instead of sweets", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00084-00027158-00027489": "Please share your feelings during the photo shoot", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00085-00027489-00029110": "All members worked hard As many fans will see, 2Z made music better than the first album, so I think you can expect it.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00086-00029148-00029418": "We have heard the feelings of the 2Z producer.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00087-00029418-00029627": "I will end the interview now.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00088-00029627-00029756": "Is there anything else you want to say.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00089-00029758-00029856": "No. But", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00090-00029856-00030012": "Yes! I will finish the interview.", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00091-00030012-00030132": "Interview ending failure", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00092-00030154-00031072": "The ending of the video is Junghyun's random dance", "16ZIHTZxiFu-00093-00031356-00031927": "Junghyun's challenge continues."}}, {"audio_id": "1773OLDN4P8", "text": {"1773OLDN4P8-00000-00001217-00001350": "[Music] [Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00001-00001350-00001684": "[Music] we're gonna keep going.", "1773OLDN4P8-00002-00001684-00002436": "[__] he got a mouth full ago I think I'll go stupid well that [__] because I always", "1773OLDN4P8-00003-00002436-00003547": "want to show I got hit [__] I know damn Auntie where you from baby St Louis [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00004-00003547-00003647": "you down here for", "1773OLDN4P8-00005-00003647-00004331": "what you do for a living you a nurse [Music] look at all the [__] who going to school", "1773OLDN4P8-00006-00004331-00005760": "to be a nurse I'm on my way", "1773OLDN4P8-00007-00005760-00006706": "I just got my scratches [Applause] yeah, I bet you still ain't got now freshman [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00008-00006706-00009661": "shut up it's a [__] who graduated you down here as a nurse oh you're in Dallas as", "1773OLDN4P8-00009-00009661-00010820": "a nurse oh okay that's your friend right there that's your daughter that's your dog I can", "1773OLDN4P8-00010-00010820-00011886": "tell y'all look like what you do dog you're a doctor yo who PCT [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00011-00011886-00013219": "a b c e m g e [__] what is a PCT?", "1773OLDN4P8-00012-00013219-00014071": "a personal care technician person that can't take Nation I didn't know that was technical", "1773OLDN4P8-00013-00014071-00014618": "you taking care of somebody is technical how you technician somebody's Health [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00014-00014618-00016905": "what is a PCT you got to break that down [__] I'll do comedy [__] like I used to sell", "1773OLDN4P8-00015-00016905-00019367": "drugs so I don't know what the [__] you do so you wake up and go to work every morning", "1773OLDN4P8-00016-00019367-00021706": "I  don't care home health care so the [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00017-00021706-00022165": "work at the house so you're an operator", "1773OLDN4P8-00018-00022165-00022798": "this [__] is an emergency operator what's up people in the backpack.", "1773OLDN4P8-00019-00022798-00024064": "y'all really close look at them let me put a roller coaster light on y'all say cheese", "1773OLDN4P8-00020-00024064-00025876": "let me see who we got right there [__] on the rail what you do for a living [__] on", "1773OLDN4P8-00021-00025876-00027512": "the rail you're a supervisor [__] oh what [__] [__] you, you could be the supervisor", "1773OLDN4P8-00022-00027512-00027612": "Whataburger stupid a$$.", "1773OLDN4P8-00023-00027612-00027919": "hey why y'all don't say I don't honey butter biscuits all day sometimes.", "1773OLDN4P8-00024-00027919-00030200": "you got to put too much honey I'm like yeah, I know it's honey on here [__] just real", "1773OLDN4P8-00025-00030200-00031399": "honey damn shouts out to everybody that's on lean don't really know what a nigga's saying", "1773OLDN4P8-00026-00031399-00031502": "right now.", "1773OLDN4P8-00027-00031502-00032082": "y'all [__] be getting them out that stupid ass [__] all right who else we got a bit", "1773OLDN4P8-00028-00032082-00032182": "more.", "1773OLDN4P8-00029-00032182-00033122": "I won so I can show your [__] my dick print [__] [Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00030-00033122-00033272": "[__] you", "1773OLDN4P8-00031-00033272-00034172": "your dick ain't real [__] [__] wrong with you I'm gonna come in and kick that [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00032-00034172-00034546": "don't you stupid she gonna hit in the chick [Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00033-00034546-00035233": "hey I got my best friend she gave [__] I know how old let me tell her [__] you", "1773OLDN4P8-00034-00035233-00036193": "gotta put that up [__] I know I'm your home Bubba [__] this [__] ain't cool", "1773OLDN4P8-00035-00036193-00037187": "what's your name you say that's on that [__] now come on we're gonna be friends now come", "1773OLDN4P8-00036-00037187-00038750": "on be the man that you're trying to be [__] [Applause] been trying to turn back into a", "1773OLDN4P8-00037-00038750-00040524": "girl now [__] sway housewife [Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00038-00040524-00041036": "I was not playing LGBT Elemental pink your ass TV [Applause] I'll just play don't call", "1773OLDN4P8-00039-00041036-00042743": "nobody on me really you can't say nobody yeah, but they'll pull up with all the type of dicks", "1773OLDN4P8-00040-00042743-00043722": "and they have to airplane.", "1773OLDN4P8-00041-00043722-00045594": "I got you playing what you say baby here's some [__] talking to me what you say you", "1773OLDN4P8-00042-00045594-00046693": "love me I love you too oh get up let me see now sit down [Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00043-00046693-00046793": "[__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00044-00046793-00047597": "I'll give you some chewers or something I just playing I love you too baby I'll tear", "1773OLDN4P8-00045-00047597-00048487": "that ass up at four o'clock in the morning what you say oh you got some [__] kid", "1773OLDN4P8-00046-00048487-00049484": "here then [__] I take all that [__] who ain't your thong [__] you got a suspender", "1773OLDN4P8-00047-00049484-00050880": "though spin Stone connected to her pants give it to me baby what this is right here okay", "1773OLDN4P8-00048-00050880-00052358": "that's a small been giving out everybody's shirts who this for oh it's for me I can't", "1773OLDN4P8-00049-00052358-00053866": "even think of it now how many people you brought it for me Chico Carlo thank you baby what's", "1773OLDN4P8-00050-00053866-00055207": "your sister so what they say oh you know we support black businesses I don't know if you", "1773OLDN4P8-00051-00055207-00056484": "bought it like this or if you made it [__] if you made it go uh buy this [__] at", "1773OLDN4P8-00052-00056484-00057700": "the middle of the mall H-Town what they say [__] you mean you better sit up I put", "1773OLDN4P8-00053-00057700-00057994": "this dick on your forehead [__] how are you here 33.", "1773OLDN4P8-00054-00057994-00058564": "no that [__] ain't been played within three months but I'm always getting [__] they", "1773OLDN4P8-00055-00058564-00059716": "get dick every four months I love you what you do for a living your way she said aha.", "1773OLDN4P8-00056-00059716-00060649": "[Applause] [Music] perfect [Applause] I love aha sit down [__] why y'all changing the", "1773OLDN4P8-00057-00060649-00061261": "burgers in that International Harper Burgers that's the stupidest [__] ever [Music] they", "1773OLDN4P8-00058-00061261-00061763": "just trying some new [__] you know with some stupid [__] okay do anybody even buy", "1773OLDN4P8-00059-00061763-00062137": "Burgers from that [__] they do who white people okay.", "1773OLDN4P8-00060-00062137-00062773": "how long you been working at IHOP 12 yeah God damn you, you ain't the supervisor [Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00061-00062773-00063041": "can you have this [__] fill out an application.", "1773OLDN4P8-00062-00063041-00063191": "it's been passing out pancakes.", "1773OLDN4P8-00063-00063191-00063666": "you need to go on strike like this is a government job [__] that.", "1773OLDN4P8-00064-00063666-00064374": "have you seen somebody get promoted before you but it's 12 years I supposed to own me", "1773OLDN4P8-00065-00064374-00064976": "an IHOP [__] you still a waitress you eat a cup it ain't worth it it's where yeah [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00066-00064976-00065507": "you are thinking of something I would have turned into somebody in that [__] what color", "1773OLDN4P8-00067-00065507-00065643": "is the manager shirt?", "1773OLDN4P8-00068-00065643-00066305": "[__] you need to go make up a color and act like you're the manager go back in that", "1773OLDN4P8-00069-00066305-00066611": "[__] maybe they'll up your pay ain't that right PCT.", "1773OLDN4P8-00070-00066611-00067055": "what you do for a living OG don't look at your girl like she got the answers [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00071-00067055-00067594": "yo [__] what you do for a living time ah [__] yeah, it's your turn stupid ass", "1773OLDN4P8-00072-00067594-00067894": "boy front row you said life insurance", "1773OLDN4P8-00073-00067894-00068692": "why you are saying life for sure [__] how do you say a life insurance you go to", "1773OLDN4P8-00074-00068692-00068792": "dope.", "1773OLDN4P8-00075-00068792-00069482": "y'all got meetings like real tall I say football came this in your establishment.", "1773OLDN4P8-00076-00069482-00069770": "I won't get your life insurance.", "1773OLDN4P8-00077-00069770-00070479": "I'm a customer [__] don't get scared [__] I'm a customer now you're making me nervous", "1773OLDN4P8-00078-00070479-00070864": "I'm gonna think you taking my money let's do this again ding dong hey I want to get", "1773OLDN4P8-00079-00070864-00071757": "the life insurance this is a gangster crab bro a whole lot of ladies in here with their", "1773OLDN4P8-00080-00071757-00072611": "girlfriend what the [__] y'all throw dick away y'all like that no more why y'all like", "1773OLDN4P8-00081-00072611-00072737": "that homo.", "1773OLDN4P8-00082-00072737-00073197": "I don't know what dick you had but my dick cleans your skin up.", "1773OLDN4P8-00083-00073197-00073597": "[__] with me for three weeks your edges and [__] start growing back.", "1773OLDN4P8-00084-00073597-00074078": "confidence that went through the [__] roof fella stop giving me your girl compliments", "1773OLDN4P8-00085-00074078-00074907": "man compliment every goddamn thing everything just hype your lady up they love that [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00086-00074907-00076479": "women love some goddamn compliments they like compliments so much you can put yourself in", "1773OLDN4P8-00087-00076479-00077260": "the goddamn compliment and they'll still accept it who got the baddest [__] in Maryland", "1773OLDN4P8-00088-00077260-00078561": "me who put dick in that time [__] this [__] here", "1773OLDN4P8-00089-00078561-00080451": "just when she walking through the house babe damn that ass getting fat [__] when you", "1773OLDN4P8-00090-00080451-00081112": "get that fine oh I'm so lucky they love this [__] bro compliment the [__] out your", "1773OLDN4P8-00091-00081112-00082022": "lady at home so those [__] outside can't do it these women look so good now gay [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00092-00082022-00082680": "will take them from you yeah they don't need one [__] they'll just take them gay [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00093-00082680-00083524": "cause they gonna compliment the [__] out of them uh-uh [__] what you doing no you", "1773OLDN4P8-00094-00083524-00083908": "didn't [__] with the clear skin [__] for real edges is laid the [__] down like", "1773OLDN4P8-00095-00083908-00084976": "they sleep [__] that ain't baby hair [__] that's infant hair your baby hair is infant", "1773OLDN4P8-00096-00084976-00085652": "hair [__] you killing these hoes with the crinkly no crinkliest no crinkles no you", "1773OLDN4P8-00097-00085652-00085752": "didn't", "1773OLDN4P8-00098-00085752-00086504": "killing me you know what [__] you killing me kill me bring me back like kill me again", "1773OLDN4P8-00099-00086504-00087425": "[__] yeah yes eyebrows doing what the [__] they supposed to do yes [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00100-00087425-00088639": "School me rule me [__] they just throw [__] [__] what is you doing a little", "1773OLDN4P8-00101-00088639-00089570": "chocolate no you didn't [__] with the cute little line up looking like a Hershey", "1773OLDN4P8-00102-00089570-00090795": "bar stop [__] you better stop I'll be your girlfriend hello [__] stop playing", "1773OLDN4P8-00103-00090795-00091225": "with your little muscles been working out too long got your pants pulled up looking", "1773OLDN4P8-00104-00091225-00092706": "like a gentleman Kill Em [__] like a real [__] you got all the hoes yes", "1773OLDN4P8-00105-00092706-00095726": "get your girl ready to go outside you can't keep saying that same [__] that don't", "1773OLDN4P8-00106-00095726-00097081": "work no more that don't work no more bro oh gee when you", "1773OLDN4P8-00107-00097081-00097758": "drink get here compliment the [__] out your later I'm telling you just make up some", "1773OLDN4P8-00108-00097758-00099312": "[__] on the way home hey you know what I like back we said to show how you were laughing", "1773OLDN4P8-00109-00099312-00099955": "baby when you land you're, you're cute as [__] are you little ill pickup I love", "1773OLDN4P8-00110-00099955-00100813": "that [__] I'm finding something bro find something I'm telling wake up hey you sleep", "1773OLDN4P8-00111-00100813-00101632": "I didn't want to tell you about you cute here I had a dream I wish you woke up seeing that", "1773OLDN4P8-00112-00101632-00102113": "she was real I'm telling you dog trust me", "1773OLDN4P8-00113-00102113-00103480": "got a gangster lady in the car what's up Gangster lady got that picture on what's up oh fine", "1773OLDN4P8-00114-00103480-00104340": "still I [__] with the lady with that patch on she'll never see half the [__] I'm", "1773OLDN4P8-00115-00104340-00104452": "doing [Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00116-00104452-00105005": "I saw you with that [__] you ain't so [__] you better turn this way and see", "1773OLDN4P8-00117-00105005-00105342": "I was by myself [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00118-00105342-00106149": "Who you gonna believe me or your lying ass I [Applause] foreign.", "1773OLDN4P8-00119-00106149-00106283": "oh [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00120-00106283-00106383": "stop", "1773OLDN4P8-00121-00106383-00107140": "these your jokes bro that's how the [__] we get down up in here what's up bro jay how", "1773OLDN4P8-00122-00107140-00108125": "you living my [__] and they got a pheasant head on old hat made on some [__] bathroom", "1773OLDN4P8-00123-00108125-00109485": "rug who you in here with who you here with that's your friend and who are they, they", "1773OLDN4P8-00124-00109485-00110376": "just some latest but that's your friend how long you been friends with this name you've", "1773OLDN4P8-00125-00110376-00111472": "known him since middle school he wants some [__] he can't stay up almost said for", "1773OLDN4P8-00126-00111472-00112786": "he not really into you like they want he wanted some [__] he, he just been waiting since", "1773OLDN4P8-00127-00112786-00112945": "middle school", "1773OLDN4P8-00128-00112945-00114074": "you didn't [__] way worse than him get that [__] opportunity to show you why", "1773OLDN4P8-00129-00114074-00114680": "he been hanging around you you're skipping over that's the [__] that's gonna [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00130-00114680-00115346": "your wig off you knows why because he wants to, he's been wanting to since he was 13.", "1773OLDN4P8-00131-00115346-00117025": "okay trying to be friends with a [__] okay telling you now if you don't believe", "1773OLDN4P8-00132-00117025-00119392": "me just throw him a little [__] see how you start you already trust them enough to", "1773OLDN4P8-00133-00119392-00120502": "be seen with them in public and [__] might as well scan off all your potential dick y'all", "1773OLDN4P8-00134-00120502-00121107": "looking like a couple in here who drove oh that's why he ain't got the [__] get your", "1773OLDN4P8-00135-00121107-00121619": "[__] together oh need a ride ass [__] bro what's wrong with you", "1773OLDN4P8-00136-00121619-00122146": "[Music] you think I'm like some of that [__] get a car you're gonna be dick [__] told", "1773OLDN4P8-00137-00122146-00123078": "you [__] told you should have listened should have listened to the comedian yeah", "1773OLDN4P8-00138-00123078-00123435": "you can't answer no [__] when you need a ride home bro because then she liked the", "1773OLDN4P8-00139-00123435-00124090": "dick now you got to spend the night.", "1773OLDN4P8-00140-00124090-00124807": "hang on bro you were right there what you do yeah construction build a car.", "1773OLDN4P8-00141-00124807-00124907": "[Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00142-00124907-00125007": "oh [__]", "1773OLDN4P8-00143-00125007-00125107": "I gotta quit [__] with people bro.", "1773OLDN4P8-00144-00125107-00126435": "you are all right you're not who you in who's that lady to you that's your best friend that's", "1773OLDN4P8-00145-00126435-00127126": "what's up bro let me see who else hey Melanie that's your main her door how long.", "1773OLDN4P8-00146-00127126-00127680": "yeah, yeah, he was he swear to drink you better get it right.", "1773OLDN4P8-00147-00127680-00128146": "that [__] was rude come on now tell him.", "1773OLDN4P8-00148-00128146-00129144": "oh [__] you like them yeah y'all look good together I believe you the one with the", "1773OLDN4P8-00149-00129144-00130338": "money though no you got Street money though now you came up selling ice cream and candy", "1773OLDN4P8-00150-00130338-00131069": "or something you got you got that little haircut like a rich black lady in the 30s yeah and", "1773OLDN4P8-00151-00131069-00131739": "count money real fast nah that's 1500 right there.", "1773OLDN4P8-00152-00131739-00133272": "yeah, oh we love a hood [__] that can count money real fast tell the truth that's", "1773OLDN4P8-00153-00133272-00134655": "some sexy [__] eighty-five six yeah that's 7700. much love to all the ladies who keep", "1773OLDN4P8-00154-00134655-00135701": "a little titty Money you know that little titty man it'd always be an odd amount like", "1773OLDN4P8-00155-00135701-00136173": "66 dollars and fives I don't know how she did it, but she did it.", "1773OLDN4P8-00156-00136173-00136371": "cause I love some titties all of them I I accept all the titties as long as there's", "1773OLDN4P8-00157-00136371-00136705": "two of them, I can do something I love two titties as a set I don't give a [__] you'll", "1773OLDN4P8-00158-00136705-00137217": "be sucking on a little titty to get bored like this [__] gay.", "1773OLDN4P8-00159-00137217-00137424": "licking on this [__] heartbeat", "1773OLDN4P8-00160-00137424-00138171": "pictures of women they brought out a clock on it as soon as they get that [__] on", "1773OLDN4P8-00161-00138171-00138600": "come on now we need to go if we're going this Brian gonna last four hours.", "1773OLDN4P8-00162-00138600-00138700": "somebody's got 16 hooks.", "1773OLDN4P8-00163-00138700-00139040": "[__] with no big titty women, she knows you can't get up bro she just starts laughing", "1773OLDN4P8-00164-00139040-00139911": "when you try you ain't gonna be able to do it [Music] because big city women take that", "1773OLDN4P8-00165-00139911-00140350": "bro every day at the same time 5 27.", "1773OLDN4P8-00166-00140350-00141051": "545 I don't matter where they had in the world that [__] coming off sit in traffic ah", "1773OLDN4P8-00167-00141051-00141443": "[__] pull that [__] out the sleeve [Laughter] then the first thing they're gonna", "1773OLDN4P8-00168-00141443-00142640": "do is scratch under that City oh [__] you know why they do that because big tit", "1773OLDN4P8-00169-00142640-00143328": "is itch on the bottom look to this itch on the top.", "1773OLDN4P8-00170-00143328-00143676": "it's a science to this [__] OG.", "1773OLDN4P8-00171-00143676-00144032": "all right God damn", "1773OLDN4P8-00172-00144032-00144832": "it's a hell of a haircut right there boy.", "1773OLDN4P8-00173-00144832-00145661": "sir what you want man to cut the front part of this [__] off you short [__] trust", "1773OLDN4P8-00174-00145661-00146007": "me cut all this [__] off.", "1773OLDN4P8-00175-00146007-00146977": "I don't need nothing in the front bruh pull it up to the scene with the silly Miss [Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00176-00146977-00147789": "bro you sure you want me to cut the front of your [__] out if you don't do it, I'm", "1773OLDN4P8-00177-00147789-00147901": "gonna do it.", "1773OLDN4P8-00178-00147901-00148001": "[Music]", "1773OLDN4P8-00179-00148001-00148378": "it's [__] yeah, yeah, the headline from the Make-A-Wish Foundation", "1773OLDN4P8-00180-00148378-00149030": "he doesn't even have to add your what up he know how much the [__] costs oh it's 37-71", "1773OLDN4P8-00181-00149030-00149724": "you sure I'm positive trust me I can do long division.", "1773OLDN4P8-00182-00149724-00150244": "I ain't [__] as a human", "1773OLDN4P8-00183-00150244-00150937": "let me see who else over here tonight.", "1773OLDN4P8-00184-00150937-00152203": "how y'all doing over here y'all ain't clap for me the [__] y'all too oh yeah I'm", "1773OLDN4P8-00185-00152203-00153583": "mad about that [__] I'm Petty like hey people in the back you put all the white people", "1773OLDN4P8-00186-00153583-00154229": "in the white people section hey it's [__] up they put y'all in the uh non-colored section", "1773OLDN4P8-00187-00154229-00155158": "that's I need to get some color on your ass [__] I'm just playing y'all good y'all", "1773OLDN4P8-00188-00155158-00157457": "like a group y'all doing group study or something I just want to see him in their natural habitat", "1773OLDN4P8-00189-00157457-00159688": "I heard it was mating season in the Negro community if you look around the room all", "1773OLDN4P8-00190-00159688-00160451": "the females are ready, we're gonna be on National Geographic", "1773OLDN4P8-00191-00160451-00161259": "some [__] called black glass or something I don't know I don't know who they working", "1773OLDN4P8-00192-00161259-00161564": "for later with that patch go over there and see if them [__] I believe you the toughest", "1773OLDN4P8-00193-00161564-00162480": "[__] in here I just I just feel like you can have any [__] selling [__] in", "1773OLDN4P8-00194-00162480-00162580": "two weeks what's your name prayerless Aloysius yeah that business sold some [__] before", "1773OLDN4P8-00195-00162580-00162680": "she the type of person [__] people [__] dudes whoever Aloysius", "1773OLDN4P8-00196-00162680-00162780": "she got a strap on with some real foreskin on it [Laughter]", "1773OLDN4P8-00197-00162780-00162917": "hey that's some genius dance comedy [__] the deal though with the foreskin on it y'all", "1773OLDN4P8-00198-00162917-00163017": "[__] ain't hearing me bro I'm bigger than this basement.", "1773OLDN4P8-00199-00163017-00163117": "and you said it like I was supposed to you don't know.", "1773OLDN4P8-00200-00163117-00163217": "[Laughter] [Music]", "1773OLDN4P8-00201-00163217-00163317": "Eloise, you got them whole.", "1773OLDN4P8-00202-00163317-00163417": "talk to me now.", "1773OLDN4P8-00203-00163417-00163517": "I feel you though [__] game is up and down though I wouldn't invest my money in", "1773OLDN4P8-00204-00163517-00163847": "it [__] Wade up and down telling you that [__] is situational as hell you think", "1773OLDN4P8-00205-00163847-00164029": "you could just sell [__] with a standard price that's a sliding scale.", "1773OLDN4P8-00206-00164029-00164434": "I'm not just gonna come in now and just go with what y'all saying Ima do like the dude", "1773OLDN4P8-00207-00164434-00164809": "on Pawn Stars now I don't know much about [__] but I got a partner who's an expert", "1773OLDN4P8-00208-00164809-00165061": "I want him to come in here tell me if this [__] is legit well I wouldn't pay this", "1773OLDN4P8-00209-00165061-00165619": "much for it Carlos I mean this [__] was born in 1980 [__] value on the 1980s going", "1773OLDN4P8-00210-00165619-00166086": "rate is around 32 dollars thirty two dollars and you wanna come here and try to sell me", "1773OLDN4P8-00211-00166086-00166186": "some 32 Plus for 50 off the nerve of you Aloysius report your ass to the Better Business Bureau", "1773OLDN4P8-00212-00166186-00166333": "you don't work for Aloysia do you young okay I saw you had the birthmark on your eye and", "1773OLDN4P8-00213-00166333-00167099": "I was like this the eye gang over here everybody over here gotta add this [__] got a contact", "1773OLDN4P8-00214-00167099-00167199": "in one green that one blue one they scared to laugh at Aloysius what you do to my crowd", "1773OLDN4P8-00215-00167199-00167392": "let me quit for the [__] lift to patch up and shoot me", "1773OLDN4P8-00216-00167392-00168877": "you saw the motion [__] I did the slow motion for like 11 seconds but can't tell", "1773OLDN4P8-00217-00168877-00169518": "me ain't gonna make it in Hollywood.", "1773OLDN4P8-00218-00169518-00169963": "let me quit y'all [__] on ecstasy um.", "1773OLDN4P8-00219-00169963-00170063": "foreign", "1773OLDN4P8-00220-00170063-00170522": "for another one now I'm about to bring the squad out here [__] about to get real", "1773OLDN4P8-00221-00170522-00170738": "ignorant now if you thought I was [__] you saw them they crazy I'm the normal one", "1773OLDN4P8-00222-00170738-00170838": "ain't no telling what DC might say to Aloysius now that we know her name Aloysius is this", "1773OLDN4P8-00223-00170838-00171243": "don't let your lady go in the bathroom if you see Aloysius though look ladies listen", "1773OLDN4P8-00224-00171243-00174934": "to them no Aloysius foreign do we have any other pimps in the audience tonight shout", "1773OLDN4P8-00225-00174934-00185921": "out to all the [__] who used to be in the dope game but now you out you good you", "1773OLDN4P8-00226-00185921-00187497": "got out safe still got a bullet in your leg you're always welcome at our shows", "1773OLDN4P8-00227-00187497-00188978": "I want everybody to feel welcome much love to the white ladies who got little black kids", "1773OLDN4P8-00228-00188978-00189311": "you don't know how to do their hair.", "1773OLDN4P8-00229-00189311-00191430": "just let that [__] be all over the place that [__] was funny over there in the", "1773OLDN4P8-00230-00191430-00191994": "White on this section.", "1773OLDN4P8-00231-00191994-00194400": "all right without further ado I want to see if you're a real lesbian if you're gonna lick", "1773OLDN4P8-00232-00194400-00194830": "that ketchup off your finger you're gonna get in there oh no, no, no.", "1773OLDN4P8-00233-00194830-00194930": "look you better not [__] break that French fry in half.", "1773OLDN4P8-00234-00194930-00195030": "don't you be eating them long ass fries break them up foreign?", "1773OLDN4P8-00235-00195030-00195130": "[Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00236-00195130-00195230": "you better hit our shoulder you be trying to hug her like [Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00237-00195230-00195330": "this is [__] real bro I love you baby like that Glitter all that Glitter all that", "1773OLDN4P8-00238-00195330-00195430": "Glitter it's got a dress it's made out of Michael Jackson gloves yeah, yeah, she got", "1773OLDN4P8-00239-00195430-00195530": "that ass it's all up on her back yeah little [__] like me be jumping up on that ass", "1773OLDN4P8-00240-00195530-00195630": "like to bounce the house ah I was up [Applause] get on my girl booty man.", "1773OLDN4P8-00241-00195630-00195730": "killed my girl booty man.", "1773OLDN4P8-00242-00195730-00195830": "yeah, don't you do it not only [__] up this is gonna be some dumb ass [__] your", "1773OLDN4P8-00243-00195830-00196212": "cousin come over your house and try to do, do a backflip off the couch break the goddamn", "1773OLDN4P8-00244-00196212-00196624": "arm you boys your mama come home?", "1773OLDN4P8-00245-00196624-00198440": "you know what happened when your mama come home all y'all sitting there waiting to see", "1773OLDN4P8-00246-00198440-00200167": "you won't get their ass whooped first she walked in and I already know y'all lost the", "1773OLDN4P8-00247-00200167-00200344": "[__] what the [__] y'all looking so God damn conversation y'all had before she", "1773OLDN4P8-00248-00200344-00200509": "come home though everybody Hey look who broke it you, you I know I did you try to do a backflip", "1773OLDN4P8-00249-00200509-00200609": "off but you told me you got up there and when you, you broke it you everybody calmed down", "1773OLDN4P8-00250-00200609-00200709": "no we just gonna say that we came in the house and it was like that she not gonna believe", "1773OLDN4P8-00251-00200709-00200809": "that stupid but oh look let me fix it", "1773OLDN4P8-00252-00200809-00200909": "it was a tornado.", "1773OLDN4P8-00253-00200909-00201009": "what kind of tornado okay", "1773OLDN4P8-00254-00201009-00201109": "look man damn man.", "1773OLDN4P8-00255-00201109-00204432": "I go get some glue from there though.", "1773OLDN4P8-00256-00204432-00205553": "oh yeah, yeah uh-uh we need a cover yeah put that over there put that over there Chico", "1773OLDN4P8-00257-00205553-00205653": "you dang like you sleep when she come in.", "1773OLDN4P8-00258-00205653-00205753": "[Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00259-00205753-00205853": "[Applause] questions [Applause] stop crying [Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00260-00205853-00205953": "[Applause] thank you huh hey man you say come here.", "1773OLDN4P8-00261-00205953-00206053": "hey come on.", "1773OLDN4P8-00262-00206053-00206153": "come in your room.", "1773OLDN4P8-00263-00206153-00206253": "[Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00264-00206253-00206353": "huh no I ain't nothing wrong with it [Applause] what you mean wise pushed together.", "1773OLDN4P8-00265-00206353-00206453": "she spoke.", "1773OLDN4P8-00266-00206453-00206553": "[Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00267-00206553-00206653": "[Music] [Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00268-00206653-00206753": "[Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00269-00206753-00206853": "foreign", "1773OLDN4P8-00270-00206853-00206953": "[Applause] [Music]", "1773OLDN4P8-00271-00206953-00207053": "no because I told him to stop, I told him to stop me he didn't want to stop okay mama", "1773OLDN4P8-00272-00207053-00207153": "wants you.", "1773OLDN4P8-00273-00207153-00207253": "tell her I'm dead already.", "1773OLDN4P8-00274-00207253-00207353": "[Applause] foreign [Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00275-00207353-00207453": "okay she said you better get your black ass in there before she kills you again [Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00276-00207453-00207553": "she gonna be all of us go ahead and tell her what you did.", "1773OLDN4P8-00277-00207553-00207653": "oh man sorry.", "1773OLDN4P8-00278-00207653-00207753": "[Music]", "1773OLDN4P8-00279-00207753-00207853": "[Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00280-00207853-00207953": "mama, mama okay [Applause] she said if she got to get up out that bed and miss the rest", "1773OLDN4P8-00281-00207953-00208053": "of her stories [__] with your stupid ass you can wish you wasn't born so you better", "1773OLDN4P8-00282-00208053-00208153": "get up and go in there and talk to her or else everybody getting [__] up foreign.", "1773OLDN4P8-00283-00208153-00208253": "[Music] [Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00284-00208253-00208353": "[Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00285-00208353-00208453": "thank you.", "1773OLDN4P8-00286-00208453-00208553": "yes [Applause] yes.", "1773OLDN4P8-00287-00208553-00208653": "I'll do that [Applause] I did that.", "1773OLDN4P8-00288-00208653-00208753": "okay", "1773OLDN4P8-00289-00208753-00208853": "hmm", "1773OLDN4P8-00290-00208853-00208953": "[Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00291-00208953-00209053": "[Applause] that's awake.", "1773OLDN4P8-00292-00209053-00209153": "you okay.", "1773OLDN4P8-00293-00209153-00209253": "let me see everything.", "1773OLDN4P8-00294-00209253-00209353": "[Applause]", "1773OLDN4P8-00295-00209353-00209353": "[Music] [Applause]"}}, {"audio_id": "17ACxDLBkjo", "text": {"17ACxDLBkjo-00000-00000000-00000200": "Ocean waves on crashing rocks, white noise to help you relax, study or sleep.", "17ACxDLBkjo-00001-00000200-00000400": "Peaceful ocean waves ocean waves no music."}}, {"audio_id": "17Xq0EV-kxu", "text": {"17Xq0EV-kxu-00000-00002212-00002695": "Long ago we looked upon a foreboding sky.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00001-00002850-00003387": "The memory of the star that threatened all, burns eternal in our hearts", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00002-00004004-00004387": "In its wake came an age of silence.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00003-00004770-00005137": "Yet with each fond remembrance, we knew.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00004-00005137-00005491": "Those encountered were not forgotten.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00005-00005812-00006208": "That some day we would see them again.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00006-00006258-00006579": "Perhaps it was no more than wishful thinking.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00007-00007383-00007558": "But after the long com,", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00008-00007558-00007875": "there are now the beginnings of a stir.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00009-00007991-00008279": "The reunion at hand may bring joy;", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00010-00008279-00008475": "it may bring fear.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00011-00008475-00008862": "But let us embrace whatever it brings.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00012-00009225-00009558": "For they are coming back.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00013-00009762-00010220": "At last the promise has been made.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00014-00011120-00011329": "So, what did you want to talk about?", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00015-00011470-00011679": "When spring comes I'm leaving town.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00016-00011708-00011845": "I'm going to Midgar.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00017-00011979-00012129": "I'm gonna be a SOLDIER. SOLDIER is the elite fighting force of the Shinra Electric Power Company in the Final Fantasy VII universe. ... Much stronger than the Shinra Peacekeeping Troops and the Turks, Shinra deploys SOLDIER for special missions that require the greatest use of strength.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00018-00012212-00012450": "The best of the best like Sephiroth.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00019-00013520-00013833": "Tell me...is it really you?", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00020-00017837-00018237": "These sewer rats appear to call themselves AVALANCHE, sir. AVALANCHE = is the name of two eco-terrorist insurgent groups in the Final Fantasy VII universe, both seeking to save the Planet from the misuse of Mako energy and opposing the actions of the Shinra Electric Power Company.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00021-00018783-00019008": "You can have it for saving my life.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00022-00019587-00019750": "You think he's a keeper?", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00023-00019750-00019837": "On my go.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00024-00020775-00021070": "Y'all gotta look at the bigger picture here.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00025-00021070-00021425": "Nothing worth fighting for was ever won without sacrifice.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00026-00021550-00021625": "Help me!", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00027-00023729-00023814": "My turn.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00028-00025399-00025475": "Get going.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00029-00025477-00025532": "Okay.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00030-00027953-00028032": "Got you now.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00031-00029417-00029504": "You're not real.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00032-00029600-00029656": "You're...", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00033-00029706-00029797": "Cloud.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00034-00029837-00030036": "I have a favor to ask of you.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00035-00030050-00030154": "Run away.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00036-00030228-00030363": "You have to leave.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00037-00030398-00030512": "You have to live.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00038-00030579-00030699": "You bastard!", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00039-00031109-00031312": "Hold on to that hatred.", "17Xq0EV-kxu-00040-00032064-00032927": "Release Date: 10 April 2020"}}, {"audio_id": "17awfURT58g", "text": {"17awfURT58g-00000-00000612-00001070": "Hi everyone, actually i am egg lover", "17awfURT58g-00001-00001120-00001590": "Today, we are going to do Chinese steamed eggs", "17awfURT58g-00002-00001688-00002138": "add some salt", "17awfURT58g-00003-00002260-00002454": "eggs", "17awfURT58g-00004-00002506-00002726": "water eggs", "17awfURT58g-00005-00002774-00002848": "tender water eggs", "17awfURT58g-00006-00002868-00003090": "I like to eat water egg so much", "17awfURT58g-00007-00003208-00003486": "ahhhhhh, wasted a drop of egg", "17awfURT58g-00008-00003634-00003879": "need to filter the eggs", "17awfURT58g-00009-00003929-00004130": "filter the eggs is one of the tips that help to smooth the water egg by remove the bubble", "17awfURT58g-00010-00004500-00004978": "and those egg left on filter just remove it", "17awfURT58g-00011-00005114-00005420": "the reason why I repeat the same step", "17awfURT58g-00012-00005464-00005906": "it is because I needed a same equal of 1: 1  for the egg and water", "17awfURT58g-00013-00005950-00006409": "150ml of egg , 150ml of water", "17awfURT58g-00014-00006459-00006962": "pour in", "17awfURT58g-00015-00007370-00007831": "stir it", "17awfURT58g-00016-00008008-00008456": "and again pour into the measure jar", "17awfURT58g-00017-00008502-00008986": "the last filter process", "17awfURT58g-00018-00009648-00010086": "remove the bubble with spoon", "17awfURT58g-00019-00011182-00011336": "it's smoother than my face  OAO!!", "17awfURT58g-00020-00011388-00011822": "only place the water eggs after the water is boiled, and steam it for eight minutes", "17awfURT58g-00021-00011880-00012136": "Here the important thing", "17awfURT58g-00022-00012220-00012660": "remember use the side ring of steamer cover to hold some space, do not seal it", "17awfURT58g-00023-00012742-00012946": "after eight minutes", "17awfURT58g-00024-00013418-00013926": "prefect chinese steam egg", "17awfURT58g-00025-00014774-00015232": "garlic oil( garlic fry with oil, and fry it until yellow gold colour)", "17awfURT58g-00026-00015358-00015746": "is that smooth enough?"}}, {"audio_id": "17b4Zt-we8g", "text": {"17b4Zt-we8g-00000-00000065-00000291": "H: Faker I wanted to ask you something for a long time", "17b4Zt-we8g-00001-00000291-00000382": "F: Shoot", "17b4Zt-we8g-00002-00000382-00001383": "H: I heard China tried to scout you with an insane salary", "17b4Zt-we8g-00003-00001383-00001861": "H: You declined an offer over 100k. Is this true?", "17b4Zt-we8g-00004-00001861-00002013": "F: Yup", "17b4Zt-we8g-00005-00002013-00002528": "H: Really? How come you didn't take it?", "17b4Zt-we8g-00006-00002528-00002785": "F: There's a bunch of reasons", "17b4Zt-we8g-00007-00002785-00002954": "J: SO what are they?", "17b4Zt-we8g-00008-00002954-00003170": "Ba: You like us too much?", "17b4Zt-we8g-00009-00003170-00003397": "H: Just wanted to stay in Korea?", "17b4Zt-we8g-00010-00003397-00003555": "F: Well yeah, there's that", "17b4Zt-we8g-00011-00003555-00003725": "and a bunch of other reasons too", "17b4Zt-we8g-00012-00003725-00003920": "H: What's the biggest reason for staying?", "17b4Zt-we8g-00013-00003920-00004361": "F: I wanted to play well with the team", "17b4Zt-we8g-00014-00004361-00005173": "H: Playing in Korea is more beneficial than in China?", "17b4Zt-we8g-00015-00005173-00005729": "F: It's more I didn't do so well in SKT last year", "17b4Zt-we8g-00016-00005729-00006315": "So if I leave now, it'll leave a bad taste in my mouth", "17b4Zt-we8g-00017-00006315-00007092": "H: If you win this year, are you going to leave for China?", "17b4Zt-we8g-00018-00007092-00007952": "F: Maybe I will. I'll see what happens then"}}, {"audio_id": "18oZMHY2Dco", "text": {"18oZMHY2Dco-00000-00001421-00001835": "So now that we're going into Week 4 with Division 229,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00001-00001835-00002439": "the division as a whole is starting to work together a lot better.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00002-00002439-00003081": "Division 229 all present and accounted for, Sir!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00003-00003081-00003495": "and that's helping bring them together as a team.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00004-00003495-00003932": "They say that basic training doesn't get better - you get better, and I think that's definitely true.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00005-00003932-00004350": "When we first picked the division up, we could barely get them to just stand still and left or right face,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00006-00004350-00004695": "but now coming in to Week 4 of training they've been marching everywhere, every single day, together", "18oZMHY2Dco-00007-00004695-00005533": "Now I'm marching every day!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00008-00005623-00006087": "Yeah, our progression, it's been really cool seeing it, and just looking back on our", "18oZMHY2Dco-00009-00006087-00006545": "P-Day days, and the first day we tried to start marching and how horrible it looked,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00010-00006545-00007034": "and it's kind of like the progression just happened right before our eyes.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00011-00007034-00007634": "The transition is night and day.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00012-00007634-00008502": "and you can hear my voice all the way in the front.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00013-00008502-00008897": "The division has come a long way physically, but they still have a long way to go.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00014-00008898-00009220": "Here at Recruit Training Command we have physical fitness training six days a week", "18oZMHY2Dco-00015-00009220-00009742": "so about three days a week we do in-house physical fitness activities", "18oZMHY2Dco-00016-00009754-00010202": "which are a lot of push-ups, jumping jacks, running planks,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00017-00010202-00010562": "different exercises that we can do right here in a small space", "18oZMHY2Dco-00018-00010566-00011256": "to get the recruits in better shape, and then four days we we go over to Freedom Hall, where they get to run.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00019-00012656-00013197": "So it's all a building block to get them up to the standard that the Navy wants them to be at prior to leaving", "18oZMHY2Dco-00020-00013197-00013304": "Recruit Training Command.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00021-00013340-00013610": "Yeah, I've seen my waistline go down - which is awesome", "18oZMHY2Dco-00022-00013611-00014051": "Fitness is just going well, you know, it also helps that we've been put on", "18oZMHY2Dco-00023-00014051-00014570": "our faces every day, so I try to think about that when we have to do our", "18oZMHY2Dco-00024-00014570-00014913": "little flutter kicks and 10-count core builders.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00025-00014988-00015304": "So, it has certainly improved PT for sure.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00026-00015808-00016060": "From my perspective I do think we are good friends, Chief.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00027-00016200-00016420": "From a professional standpoint, yes, Chief.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00028-00016426-00016936": "\"Professional\" - explain to me what professionalism is when you're going out of your way to talk to eachother", "18oZMHY2Dco-00029-00016958-00017206": "you're talking to eachother in inappropriate places,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00030-00017206-00017454": "you're talking to each other when you should not be,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00031-00017454-00017636": "so you tell me about professionalism!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00032-00017730-00017906": "You better fix your military bearing right now.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00033-00017960-00018068": "Shut up!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00034-00018116-00018220": "Here's the point:", "18oZMHY2Dco-00035-00018350-00018448": "Conversations...", "18oZMHY2Dco-00036-00018560-00018662": "...Shouldn't be had!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00037-00018800-00018910": "\"Good friends\"...", "18oZMHY2Dco-00038-00019064-00019220": "Not in my boot camp!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00039-00019652-00019852": "Everything that you guys are doing...", "18oZMHY2Dco-00040-00019918-00020224": "...is against good order and discipline.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00041-00020366-00020982": "I'm going to ensure that whatever relationship you're trying to have here in boot camp", "18oZMHY2Dco-00042-00021088-00021230": "whether it's just \"good friends\"...", "18oZMHY2Dco-00043-00021326-00021462": "...\"social buddies\"...", "18oZMHY2Dco-00044-00021508-00022024": "...Or whatever you word it - I'm going to make sure that it doesn't happen here.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00045-00022236-00022462": "Do the workout correctly.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00046-00022462-00022564": "Get off your knees!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00047-00022564-00022724": "Get off the deck!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00048-00022968-00023116": "One, two, three!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00049-00023116-00023290": "One, two, three!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00050-00024476-00024840": "229 - are you ready?", "18oZMHY2Dco-00051-00026445-00026686": "Marlinspike is a huge team evolution", "18oZMHY2Dco-00052-00026686-00026852": "Get up here - move, move, move!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00053-00026864-00027244": "So if a division feels as though they operate as a team,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00054-00027288-00027818": "they get to Marlinspike and they figure out exactly what real teamwork is.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00055-00028060-00028458": "Learning how to tie a knot, and cast off a line, and actually tie down the ship,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00056-00028458-00028692": "I felt like was a lot more practical.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00057-00028748-00028972": "Everybody has to be able to get the ship underway,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00058-00028974-00029544": "so when it comes down to line handling, when it comes down to that Marlinspike evolution, they gotta work together.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00059-00029700-00030138": "Life before Marlinspike and life after Marlinspike was night and day.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00060-00030138-00030360": "...Come on, we got this, let's go!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00061-00030370-00030712": "So that was really hard, but I felt like it made us", "18oZMHY2Dco-00062-00030712-00030992": "it forced us to work together.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00063-00031122-00031288": "What division is this?", "18oZMHY2Dco-00064-00031288-00031458": "229!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00065-00031458-00031545": "Hooyah!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00066-00031545-00031672": "Hooyah!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00067-00031674-00032230": "You all have been outstanding - I am BM2 Murphy - any questions just ask me - I'll see you out in the fleet!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00068-00032554-00032902": "Every single Sailor is a firefighter.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00069-00032902-00033398": "Damage control training is extremely important everybody - has to know it", "18oZMHY2Dco-00070-00033398-00033872": "if they don't have the proper training, then you lose the ship", "18oZMHY2Dco-00071-00033872-00034230": "and that's one of the damage control 10 Commandments - you do not give up the ship.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00072-00034244-00034690": "You don't really think of all the things that can happen while you're in the middle of the ocean,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00073-00034702-00035184": "you know, your ship going down or being attacked, and then really all you have is each other and", "18oZMHY2Dco-00074-00035184-00035406": "the skills that you learn.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00075-00035426-00035818": "Yes, I'm really confident if something was wrong, you know...", "18oZMHY2Dco-00076-00035818-00036084": "for example, we did the confidence chamber...", "18oZMHY2Dco-00077-00036084-00036464": "This will be the best worst day of boot camp - hooyah?", "18oZMHY2Dco-00078-00036464-00036594": "Hooyah!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00079-00036594-00036892": "I want everyone to repeat after me - embrace the suck!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00080-00036894-00037050": "Embrace the suck!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00081-00037424-00037886": "You would think - \"okay, is this mask really gonna cover me and keep me alive?\"", "18oZMHY2Dco-00082-00037886-00038444": "it's called the Confidence Chamber for a reason - it gives you confidence in the equipment of the Navy.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00083-00038446-00038646": "Seaman Recruit Jones, Division 229!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00084-00038678-00039042": "It wasn't nearly as bad as I thought it was gonna be,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00085-00039042-00039370": "I think on a scale of 1-10 I'd give it, like, a 5.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00086-00039380-00039894": "It burns... Like, right under my nose, it burns...", "18oZMHY2Dco-00087-00039968-00040378": "But... I think we siced it a little more than we needed to.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00088-00040378-00040762": "I just cried a lot - my eyes are watering, they're still watering.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00089-00040956-00041192": "I really didn't cough - it wasn't that bad like they said it was.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00090-00041226-00041606": "Alright you know what? Y'all got confidence in that gear?", "18oZMHY2Dco-00091-00041614-00041744": "Yes, Chief!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00092-00041756-00041870": "That's what I'm talking about.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00093-00041904-00041988": "Y'all see this?", "18oZMHY2Dco-00094-00042020-00042142": "Yes, Chief!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00095-00042200-00042354": "That means it's a good day.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00096-00042394-00042520": "Good day to be in the Navy.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00097-00042538-00042644": "Hooyah Navy!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00098-00042644-00042704": "Hooyah Navy!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00099-00042704-00043108": "I do believe they're doing a lot better of a job giving these recruits a basic knowledge of what", "18oZMHY2Dco-00100-00043108-00043362": "they're gonna be expected to do once they get out to the fleet.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00101-00044346-00044812": "So I know when I came to boot camp nine years ago we had a three or four day course on", "18oZMHY2Dco-00102-00044812-00045322": "firefighting, and then two days on line handling, and now the recruits are", "18oZMHY2Dco-00103-00045322-00045743": "getting it every single week once they hit Week 4 until the week they", "18oZMHY2Dco-00104-00045743-00046210": "graduate - and I think that will help prepare Sailors for the fleet a lot better.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00105-00046880-00047296": "One of the primary things that we all do as instructors, is we give these", "18oZMHY2Dco-00106-00047297-00047963": "recruits the experience - the real life experience of - first of all - handling this", "18oZMHY2Dco-00107-00047964-00048488": "weapon in an environment that's close to reality - it's not quiet, it's not passive,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00108-00048488-00049124": "it's gonna take enthusiasm to survive in an environment like this - so that's pretty much what we do.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00109-00049298-00049498": "Get a good aggressive stance!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00110-00049514-00049738": "Point at your target - like you mean it!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00111-00049794-00049994": "Verify the weapon's clear and safe!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00112-00050006-00050436": "I didn't miss my target, which was great - so I think I did alright.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00113-00050678-00051084": "I enjoyed it - I enjoyed shooting the weapons.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00114-00051546-00051746": "Hey, hey, hey-ay", "18oZMHY2Dco-00115-00051754-00051954": "Hey, hey, hey-ay", "18oZMHY2Dco-00116-00051972-00052172": "Woah-oh-oh-oh", "18oZMHY2Dco-00117-00052178-00052378": "Woah-oh-oh-oh", "18oZMHY2Dco-00118-00052398-00052598": "Mama, Mama, can't you see?", "18oZMHY2Dco-00119-00052598-00052796": "Mama, Mama, can't you see?", "18oZMHY2Dco-00120-00052802-00053024": "What the Navy's done to me!", "18oZMHY2Dco-00121-00053054-00053641": "Since the P-Days to now, they're completely different recruits.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00122-00053667-00054279": "Every time we walk past Pearl Harbor, which is where P-Days was, we kind of see through the", "18oZMHY2Dco-00123-00054279-00054728": "window the people in their PT and their sweat suits and we're like, man, that was us,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00124-00054728-00055184": "only a few weeks ago, and that was us looking out the window as some of our senior", "18oZMHY2Dco-00125-00055184-00055616": "divs, and we're like, man, I wish I was there and they're marching they have on", "18oZMHY2Dco-00126-00055616-00055966": "their uniforms, and their flags, and that's so cool, and we just got here", "18oZMHY2Dco-00127-00055966-00056148": "three days ago...", "18oZMHY2Dco-00128-00056170-00056476": "They understand that they have to work together as a team,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00129-00056476-00056802": "they understand that no one can make it through boot camp completely by themselves,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00130-00056802-00057284": "that's the biggest thing, and the thing that makes you most proud as an RDC,", "18oZMHY2Dco-00131-00057288-00057612": "is when you see them come together as a team, understand each other's weaknesses", "18oZMHY2Dco-00132-00057612-00057841": "and really, really just come together.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00133-00057876-00058248": "V - I - C - T - O - R - Y", "18oZMHY2Dco-00134-00058255-00058652": "V - I - C - T - O - R - Y", "18oZMHY2Dco-00135-00058662-00059066": "Victory, victory, that's our battle cry.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00136-00059078-00059460": "Victory, victory, that's our battle cry.", "18oZMHY2Dco-00137-00059467-00059864": "Six in the front, and three to the rear..."}}, {"audio_id": "18IeDtZCzCM", "text": {"18IeDtZCzCM-00000-00001503-00002503": "No Copyright Sounds"}}, {"audio_id": "18WvS3tTQV8", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "19dIMCejpAQ", "text": {"19dIMCejpAQ-00000-00000512-00001000": "Hello and welcome to the DataArt series of webinars on trends, technology,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00001-00001000-00001720": "and thought leadership. Today's webinar is titled \"Business or Leisure: How to Use Artificial", "19dIMCejpAQ-00002-00001720-00002392": "Intelligence and Automation to Better Understand Your Traveler\" together with our partner Uniphore,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00003-00002392-00002984": "the conversational AI and Automation platform. We'll focus on the challenges of determining", "19dIMCejpAQ-00004-00003040-00004088": "a traveler's profile: business leisure or hybrid and how can the development of new AI technologies", "19dIMCejpAQ-00005-00004088-00004752": "support businesses and increase customer satisfaction. Please, welcome our moderator", "19dIMCejpAQ-00006-00004808-00005336": "and that will be me Max Zhdanov, VP of Travel Transportation & Hospitality at DataArt.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00007-00005496-00005888": "Let me introduce our esteemed speakers: Gianna Rivera,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00008-00005944-00006480": "Travel Distribution Consultant, former Global Vice President at Wyndham.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00009-00006656-00007231": "Hello thank you so much for having me here I'm Gianna Rivera as Max just mentioned and I'm the", "19dIMCejpAQ-00010-00007231-00007823": "principal consultant owner for travel distribution consultant currently providing consulting services", "19dIMCejpAQ-00011-00007823-00008520": "to travel technologies and hoteliers alike on best practices regarding distribution and digital", "19dIMCejpAQ-00012-00008600-00009208": "and digitalization in today's environment. Thank you again for having me here. Thanks for coming", "19dIMCejpAQ-00013-00009208-00010176": "Gianna. The next speaker is John Heimlich, VP of and Chief Economist of Airlines for America.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00014-00010408-00011056": "A pleasure to be with you, thank you, Max and Gianna. Thank you John. The next speaker is", "19dIMCejpAQ-00015-00011056-00011624": "Mark Pulliam, Head of Business Development at Travel and Hospitality at Uniphore.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00016-00011752-00012208": "Max, John, Gianna. I'm really excited about today's conversation, thank you for having me.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00017-00012272-00012784": "Thanks for coming Mark and stan Boyer, Airline Industry Advisor.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00018-00012984-00013472": "Hi, everybody. Thanks, Max, and great to be here, looking forward to the conversation.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00019-00013591-00014288": "Thank you so much. So, these days everybody is talking about travel so, you know,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00020-00014432-00015176": "specifically after Covid, after 2020 the world has changed and the last time I remember I've been to", "19dIMCejpAQ-00021-00015176-00016263": "New York in 2020 it was March, March 7th and then everything that happened after was just, you know,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00022-00016263-00017168": "just a nightmare. Everything closed and I didn't see Manhattan that empty compared to all the prior", "19dIMCejpAQ-00023-00017168-00017784": "times I'd been there. What is the state of the recovery right now and I'm gonna start with you,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00024-00017784-00018488": "John. So what you know as aN airline industry uh specialist so what can you tell us about", "19dIMCejpAQ-00025-00018488-00019152": "the industry recovery in the airline industry? Well on the demand side it's steadily improving.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00026-00019272-00019824": "We have strong traffic demand particularly with respect to leisure and visiting friends", "19dIMCejpAQ-00027-00019824-00020296": "and relatives. I think small and medium businesses next where we're lagging", "19dIMCejpAQ-00028-00020296-00020888": "there's still large corporations that plateaued a bit at 30% below ticket sales pre-pandemic.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00029-00021048-00021648": "Some parts of Latin America are strong internationally. Canada is picking up nicely.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00030-00021744-00022344": "Europe's coming along, especially for the summer. We still see long haul and particularly Asia", "19dIMCejpAQ-00031-00022448-00022960": "lagging and unfortunately, we have high expenses as many industries throughout and households", "19dIMCejpAQ-00032-00022960-00023640": "throughout the economy are facing but in terms of air travel demand that seems to be quite", "19dIMCejpAQ-00033-00023640-00024184": "strong at the moment and for some segments of the clientele it's actually exceeding pre-pandemics.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00034-00024488-00025192": "Okay, so, I know that you prepared some materials, so can you just", "19dIMCejpAQ-00035-00025368-00025912": "point us to the right information data points there? Sure, let's just go to the next slide", "19dIMCejpAQ-00036-00025912-00026504": "here and I'll walk you through a few of these for background. This is for our member carriers", "19dIMCejpAQ-00037-00026568-00027032": "listed at the bottom here: Alaska, American Delta, Hawaiian, Japanese, southwest united", "19dIMCejpAQ-00038-00027112-00028056": "and their regional airline partners. What this really shows you is the change in passengers by", "19dIMCejpAQ-00039-00028056-00028768": "region relative to pre-pandemic, so our members are carrying more passengers to and from Mexico,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00040-00028824-00029383": "for example, that orange line than they were pre-pandemic next areas the rest of Latin", "19dIMCejpAQ-00041-00029383-00030127": "America and domestic US and you can really see how that like transatlantic strength which is not just", "19dIMCejpAQ-00042-00030127-00030632": "Europe. By the way, it's parts of the middle east and Africa and some other areas perhaps", "19dIMCejpAQ-00043-00030632-00031448": "Turkey that have picked up nicely and accelerated after November 8th when the finance administration", "19dIMCejpAQ-00044-00031448-00032032": "relaxed its inbound travel restrictions. We're still of course got the pre-departure testing", "19dIMCejpAQ-00045-00032032-00032712": "requirement but the Transatlantic has almost caught up with where the domestic US is now.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00046-00032816-00033504": "Right behind that is Canada still down about 40% volumes transporter and then the Pacific", "19dIMCejpAQ-00047-00033504-00034088": "clearly lagging which is Asia and south pacific Australia, New Zealand to it and such. Next slide.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00048-00034360-00034896": "So to peel the onion on international a bit this is flown traffic by all US and foreign", "19dIMCejpAQ-00049-00034896-00035648": "carriers between the United States and the top 20 foreign countries as they were in April 2019 so,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00050-00035648-00036136": "for example, US, Canada was the busiest non-stop air travel corridor with the u.s", "19dIMCejpAQ-00051-00036320-00036976": "four years ago, sorry three years ago April and that remained 42%. So that sort of lines up with", "19dIMCejpAQ-00052-00036976-00037584": "the previous chart and then the UK, Germany. What really stands out here on the negative side are", "19dIMCejpAQ-00053-00037648-00038336": "US, Japan down 78% past year volume. Again this is all April has flown not as not sales for the", "19dIMCejpAQ-00054-00038336-00039104": "future but flown in the month of April, China down in Hong Hong down 98-99, and of course those", "19dIMCejpAQ-00055-00039104-00039760": "countries are still very locked down. South Korea down 67%. What stands positively, in contrast,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00056-00039816-00040368": "is we see increases US - Mexico, US - Dominican Republic, US - Colombia. Next slide.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00057-00040592-00040928": "Ticket sales going forward this is again all carriers.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00058-00041088-00041664": "Tickets booked through US travel agencies for domestic and abroad. Again here what's", "19dIMCejpAQ-00059-00041664-00042208": "interesting is the international ticket sales actually have overtaken domestic", "19dIMCejpAQ-00060-00042208-00043064": "with respect to their relationship to 2019. Overall ticket sales are down about 9%", "19dIMCejpAQ-00061-00043064-00043592": "still but international is down 5% whereas domestics down 10% and that tends to be", "19dIMCejpAQ-00062-00043592-00044080": "tracking we're looking at a fairly strong summer for most international we think. Next slide.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00063-00044344-00045056": "Corporate, as I said, has plateaued the last I think six or so eight weeks I guess down about 38%", "19dIMCejpAQ-00064-00045056-00045432": "from pre-pandemic levels. This is booked through corporate travel agencies.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00065-00045504-00046048": "In the United States, we had a long period there in 2020 when we were down close to 90%", "19dIMCejpAQ-00066-00046152-00046800": "and then we saw a steady incline and then at the beginning of this year post-omicron we saw", "19dIMCejpAQ-00067-00046888-00047560": "a really nice pickup until about eight weeks ago where we leveled off about down 31%. I'm sure", "19dIMCejpAQ-00068-00047560-00047992": "you're aware that some large corporations including some tech companies out west", "19dIMCejpAQ-00069-00047992-00048424": "have delayed their return to the office for their employees and we find generally", "19dIMCejpAQ-00070-00048424-00048840": "a high correlation between return to the office and return to the skies. Next slide.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00071-00049048-00049656": "Okay, so in terms of who's growing among US carriers. If you look at the 10 largest brands, it", "19dIMCejpAQ-00072-00049656-00050320": "is still the Allegiant, Spirit the ultra-low-cost carriers that tend to be growing the fastest that", "19dIMCejpAQ-00073-00050320-00050904": "will be true again this summer although Hawaiian shows some growth as well. This is defined as", "19dIMCejpAQ-00074-00050904-00051736": "June 1st through August 31st relative to that same period in 2019 the airlines that tend to be either", "19dIMCejpAQ-00075-00051736-00052248": "have some staffing challenges or most dependent on corporate and/or pacific traffic. United,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00076-00052248-00052848": "Alaska, American, Delta are the ones that are showing the smallest capacity footprint relative", "19dIMCejpAQ-00077-00052848-00053448": "to three years ago JetBlue and Southwest down one to two percent. Next slide.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00078-00053688-00054440": "As I said that earlier, jet fuel prices among others have been a headwind. In real terms", "19dIMCejpAQ-00079-00054552-00055024": "May is shaping up to be I think the second highest ever that's an inflation-adjusted", "19dIMCejpAQ-00080-00055024-00055624": "basis relative to July 2008. If we're not adjusting for inflation it'll be an all-time", "19dIMCejpAQ-00081-00055624-00056264": "high then. You saw recently what happened on a national average basis. Daily we hit 4.85 cents.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00082-00056360-00057024": "We had seen prices in New York harbor exceeding seven dollars a gallon with the conflict in", "19dIMCejpAQ-00083-00057024-00057608": "Ukraine and diesel really refineries running, Max, diesel and exporting a lot to Europe with little", "19dIMCejpAQ-00084-00057608-00058144": "low jet inventories in the northeast. Most of the eastern seaboard that's starting to", "19dIMCejpAQ-00085-00058144-00058808": "equalize a bit. That's it for my section. Back to you, Max, thank you. Thank you, John. So, Mark,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00086-00058808-00059616": "you are your expert in travel, and do you, and can you comment on that airline traffic recovery?", "19dIMCejpAQ-00087-00059832-00060472": "Well, I think that it's, you know, fascinating to think about that on the hotel side,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00088-00060560-00061216": "you know, we're seeing like domestically at least room occupancy that's surpassing", "19dIMCejpAQ-00089-00061216-00062048": "potentially 2019 pre-pandemic and what is driving what that occupancy when, you know, John's", "19dIMCejpAQ-00090-00062048-00062464": "statement that you see return to office correlates with the return to corporate bookings but really", "19dIMCejpAQ-00091-00062544-00063432": "is that travel truly completely leisure or now are we seeing more business being conducted", "19dIMCejpAQ-00092-00063591-00063984": "that's not going through the corporate travel agency. I think that the fundamental question", "19dIMCejpAQ-00093-00063984-00064504": "is how well do we know the guests that are traveling and is truly the spike in", "19dIMCejpAQ-00094-00064504-00065008": "the low-cost carriers they've traditionally been leisure-focused is that really remaining", "19dIMCejpAQ-00095-00065079-00065488": "leisure traffic or is it a bigger mix of corporate? I think that's the question we're", "19dIMCejpAQ-00096-00065488-00066184": "trying to answer. Yes, I think that this is the exact point that I wanted to zoom in a little bit", "19dIMCejpAQ-00097-00066184-00066928": "later in the webinar but Gianna, do you see the same correlation as just Mark mentioned between", "19dIMCejpAQ-00098-00066984-00067576": "airlines and you know some destinations that are action benefiting from higher occupancy?", "19dIMCejpAQ-00099-00067672-00068336": "Yes, I definitely see that. I think there is a very different pattern that has followed since the", "19dIMCejpAQ-00100-00068336-00069000": "pandemic in the hospitality realm, and a lot of different dependencies would impact how you would,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00101-00069000-00069408": "you know, see the outcome of the performance of those hotels so, you know, segmentation,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00102-00069408-00069968": "hotel segmentation is one of those. We did see a difference in those hotels that don't have a", "19dIMCejpAQ-00103-00069968-00070520": "quite, a large dependency on air travel do very well during the pandemic and they continue to do", "19dIMCejpAQ-00104-00070520-00071120": "so, right? So, the drive market, if you will, was one that expanded and there were over the period", "19dIMCejpAQ-00105-00071120-00071848": "of the pandemic and still today you'll see there's been expansion even of the number of hours and the", "19dIMCejpAQ-00106-00071960-00072640": "radius by which travelers are looking and are willing and feel safe if you will. Expanding", "19dIMCejpAQ-00107-00072736-00073448": "their destinations, so a very big performance difference between domestic within the regions", "19dIMCejpAQ-00108-00073560-00073968": "and also drive market as opposed to a fly market if you will", "19dIMCejpAQ-00109-00074272-00074808": "and definitely an increase I would say in some of the in some of the markets of ADR", "19dIMCejpAQ-00110-00074808-00075424": "that has that we've seen, so historically I think the way that we've looked at things and", "19dIMCejpAQ-00111-00075488-00076048": "we've looked at performance and how travelers are actually searching and booking hotels", "19dIMCejpAQ-00112-00076048-00076520": "has changed drastically. In that big question that, Max, you're going to look to explore a", "19dIMCejpAQ-00113-00076520-00077096": "little bit in more detail here soon of whether it's a leisure traveler or a corporate traveler", "19dIMCejpAQ-00114-00077096-00077528": "is to be determined right? There's so many unknowns that I think it's not that clear anymore.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00115-00077600-00078784": "Right so profile has changed, right so, Stan, can you just comment on how it's important for the", "19dIMCejpAQ-00116-00078784-00079512": "industry to understand the profile of the customer or, you know, in a general sense is it a", "19dIMCejpAQ-00117-00079512-00080184": "business or leisure customer? Sure, I think that I'll start from an airline perspective.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00118-00080184-00080720": "Obviously from an airline perspective loyalty programs are built around the corporate customer", "19dIMCejpAQ-00119-00080776-00081784": "and as this profile is changing and what we may see is somebody taking a family member", "19dIMCejpAQ-00120-00081784-00082328": "or multiple family members with them on a trip they may not be in the same booking", "19dIMCejpAQ-00121-00082448-00083264": "order but the corporate traveler has an expectation that they will be able to treat their", "19dIMCejpAQ-00122-00083264-00084096": "guests as they would themselves in for a corporate trip and I think it's difficult for the airlines", "19dIMCejpAQ-00123-00084176-00084952": "to pair those up. It's certainly very difficult to add somebody into a booking. Linking bookings", "19dIMCejpAQ-00124-00084952-00085744": "can be done but again that requires a phone call right to the airline. From a hotel perspective,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00125-00085744-00086616": "I think what changes is how the hotel lays out everything from its lobby to the types of services", "19dIMCejpAQ-00126-00086672-00087424": "that the hotel offers, so you may have where they get to the destination and then the corporate", "19dIMCejpAQ-00127-00087424-00087896": "traveler has to do some business. The family decides to go off and do something for the day", "19dIMCejpAQ-00128-00087968-00088432": "well the corporate traveler may not want to sit in the room all day, so they may want to sit down", "19dIMCejpAQ-00129-00088432-00089376": "in the lobby area or a lounge area and work which necessitates more plugs for laptop computers,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00130-00089496-00090184": "quiet areas away from a mobile phone. It also, I think Mark, you, and I have talked about this as", "19dIMCejpAQ-00131-00090184-00090824": "well. I think we all have the services that are required right to keep that lobby functioning", "19dIMCejpAQ-00132-00090944-00091536": "as both the lobby but also as the workspace change the dynamics within the hotel.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00133-00091736-00092224": "And I would add stands to that maybe even some of the ballrooms right,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00134-00092224-00092968": "some programs that have been repurposed are in the or are in the process of being repurposed for", "19dIMCejpAQ-00135-00092968-00093568": "just different types of demands from the consumer that the leisure consumer if you will right? And", "19dIMCejpAQ-00136-00093568-00094240": "it could even go so far as to how does it change potential menus, so for snacks right?", "19dIMCejpAQ-00137-00094240-00095048": "So is the person at the hotel a day forced to order out via Uber Eats or DoorDash or is the", "19dIMCejpAQ-00138-00095048-00095688": "hotel going to provide some ready-made snacks throughout the day? Maybe not a full-service", "19dIMCejpAQ-00139-00095800-00096664": "restaurant concept but something and I hesitate to call it a buffet because that still probably isn't", "19dIMCejpAQ-00140-00096664-00097480": "out there yet but the ability to self-service for those that are remaining at the hotel. And,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00141-00097480-00098112": "Gianna, to this point so do you have any like reflections in terms of like how they", "19dIMCejpAQ-00142-00098112-00098688": "share like typical business, typical leisure and then this new business leisure like how", "19dIMCejpAQ-00143-00098784-00099352": "was the proportion of those pillars of customers? Yeah, I mean I think that you know to the point", "19dIMCejpAQ-00144-00099352-00099856": "that, Stan made earlier, some of the demands that are coming through are just not necessarily being", "19dIMCejpAQ-00145-00100072-00100648": "presented to the consumer and I think that some of the challenges that hotels are facing in this", "19dIMCejpAQ-00146-00100648-00101240": "space right now is the ability to do so right in this digital world, you know, Stan, you made", "19dIMCejpAQ-00147-00101240-00101880": "the comment of, you know, families traveling together. A very common theme is, you know,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00148-00101880-00102344": "wanting rooms that are connected right? Because they're traveling with your children or they're", "19dIMCejpAQ-00149-00102344-00103016": "traveling with their in-laws and that in the in the ecosystem of distribution as it stands today", "19dIMCejpAQ-00150-00103016-00103648": "it's not necessarily something that's easily done and, you know, unfortunately then it provides", "19dIMCejpAQ-00151-00103648-00104544": "opportunity for, you know for third-party providers in the ecosystem to, you know, optimize", "19dIMCejpAQ-00152-00104544-00105096": "the opportunity for merchandising and, you know, perhaps creating a bigger challenge for hoteliers", "19dIMCejpAQ-00153-00105096-00105776": "to be able to provide these services on brand.com. I can say that that's a big impact and again", "19dIMCejpAQ-00154-00105776-00106352": "that's just one in one example but to Stan's point there are other opportunities within,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00155-00106352-00106864": "you know, services around the hotel or even outdoor activities that, you know,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00156-00107064-00107528": "travelers are looking for, that want to know that this is something they can get at the hotel", "19dIMCejpAQ-00157-00107616-00108296": "prior to actually, you know, deciding to come stay at your property right? And I think there was one", "19dIMCejpAQ-00158-00108296-00108776": "that I forgot to mention. I know we've talked about this one is that with so many travelers", "19dIMCejpAQ-00159-00108776-00109232": "now potentially sitting in these public areas when they want to take a break or they want", "19dIMCejpAQ-00160-00109232-00109920": "to walk outside or they want to take a phone call or whatever, what do they do with their computer,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00161-00109920-00110464": "right? Do they run it back up to the room or, you know, is there an opportunity for hoteliers", "19dIMCejpAQ-00162-00110464-00111368": "to put in small lockers or something where people can store things as they're adapting to this new", "19dIMCejpAQ-00163-00111368-00111935": "travel environment? Yeah, and I would also add that this kind of leisure trip is not unique to", "19dIMCejpAQ-00164-00111935-00112632": "an individual traveler either we've seen there is a trend of corporate, you know, corporate groups,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00165-00112752-00113328": "you know, coming together to a space in lieu of going to the traditional office space for", "19dIMCejpAQ-00166-00113328-00113976": "an in person meeting to take, you know, to do dual roles if you will and it has the chance to meet in", "19dIMCejpAQ-00167-00113976-00114792": "person but also have an activity as a group within that same location. So hoteliers are having to", "19dIMCejpAQ-00168-00114792-00115128": "look at these types of activities beyond just the individual traveler", "19dIMCejpAQ-00169-00115232-00115920": "and have an opportunity to reach that corporate group travel if you will. That is also demanding", "19dIMCejpAQ-00170-00115920-00116688": "new types of activities, so this is essentially about how to market, how to organize services", "19dIMCejpAQ-00171-00116768-00117376": "around those different pillars of customers, how to optimize your operation and save some cost and,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00172-00117376-00118216": "you know, redeploy the cost to potentially other cohorts. So, but how do you understand what,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00173-00118272-00118920": "you know, who is the customer? Is it business or is it a leisure customer or is it a group? Like,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00174-00118920-00119432": "you know, and there is potentially one business person appearing but there is, you know,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00175-00119432-00120056": "a bunch of other people, you know, spores and then couple of kids coming on a separate itinerary, so,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00176-00120056-00120824": "and what are the tools to understand that? And, I would ask Mark for that. No, I think that is a", "19dIMCejpAQ-00177-00120824-00121704": "great segue, Max, because clearly we simply can't rely on the algorithms of the past and the mix", "19dIMCejpAQ-00178-00121704-00122335": "of corporate versus leisure agents, bookings to try to understand the customer, and here's what", "19dIMCejpAQ-00179-00122335-00122976": "AI can do. And this is what, you know, I love about my job I really do is that I can help", "19dIMCejpAQ-00180-00122976-00123640": "companies specifically in travel and hospitality have better conversations with their customers", "19dIMCejpAQ-00181-00123640-00124135": "using Artificial Intelligence and when I talk about conversation I'm talking about all forms", "19dIMCejpAQ-00182-00124135-00124624": "of communication. So that's on the, you know, across the customer journey. That's on intelligent", "19dIMCejpAQ-00183-00124624-00125256": "chat box, that's IDR, that's when they're talking with a live agent and providing agent guidance,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00184-00125256-00125768": "it's after call work, managing the proce promises that may have been made and how do you follow up.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00185-00125768-00126432": "So, if you're able to understand all those conversations at enterprise level and if", "19dIMCejpAQ-00186-00126432-00126840": "you're able to free up the agent, for instance, who's having a conversation", "19dIMCejpAQ-00187-00126840-00127528": "just as an example with a guest or a passenger and using AI to transcribe what's happening", "19dIMCejpAQ-00188-00127600-00128183": "in real time to prompt the agent on what needs to happen next, to actually kick off the next step", "19dIMCejpAQ-00189-00128183-00128728": "so the agent isn't on the keyboard, an agent can now start asking questions about, hey by the way,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00190-00128792-00129200": "you know, are you traveling strictly for business or do you have family joining you? If yes, do", "19dIMCejpAQ-00191-00129200-00129952": "you need some recommendations on family-friendly hotels if you are family-friendly, restaurants if", "19dIMCejpAQ-00192-00129952-00130728": "you think about FAQs held at the property level, if you're now able to capture all that knowledge", "19dIMCejpAQ-00193-00130728-00131264": "and see how your customers are interacting with it you begin to form a picture and a much more", "19dIMCejpAQ-00194-00131264-00131936": "detailed customer profile of what that individual traveler needs and what he's traveling for,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00195-00131936-00132432": "and, so the question that you ask the analytics on the back end, you know, don't have to necessarily", "19dIMCejpAQ-00196-00132432-00132976": "be index. It can be natural language, like, hey how many you know between, you know,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00197-00132976-00133536": "such and such state how many people asked the, you know, how many agents asked the question about,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00198-00133536-00133904": "you know, are you traveling with family? What was our response and you can begin to hone in and get", "19dIMCejpAQ-00199-00133904-00134312": "very personalized in your offer and your marketing and understand who is traveling to your guests or", "19dIMCejpAQ-00200-00134312-00134920": "who's flying on your airplanes or who's using your travel agents, so it's a fantastic opportunity", "19dIMCejpAQ-00201-00134920-00135536": "I believe and, in particular, I know, John, he hinted at, you know, the expense burden that", "19dIMCejpAQ-00202-00135600-00136216": "a lot of the airlines this also applies to hotels as well have", "19dIMCejpAQ-00203-00136296-00136840": "in staffing and trying to meet back this demand companies are already actively looking", "19dIMCejpAQ-00204-00136904-00137424": "at Artificial Intelligence and, so, we have to be smart about and have the conversation about", "19dIMCejpAQ-00205-00137424-00137832": "how now can I leverage this conversation that's happening across the enterprise? And what can", "19dIMCejpAQ-00206-00137832-00138304": "I discern from it because the capabilities are there and the time to value now is very short,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00207-00138416-00139000": "right? So, but can you just give us or just, you know, couple over, you know, one example of", "19dIMCejpAQ-00208-00139408-00140024": "such usage of Artificial Intelligence, like, you know, potentially if you can, you know, avoid", "19dIMCejpAQ-00209-00140024-00140672": "giving some, you know, names but just give us like a shape of this engagement. What does it look like", "19dIMCejpAQ-00210-00140672-00141312": "and, you know, what in the end, how the, you know this Artificial Intelligence and data were used?", "19dIMCejpAQ-00211-00141504-00142680": "Sure, let's think about Vegas and gaming and our luxury gaming resorts, so high-value guests and", "19dIMCejpAQ-00212-00142680-00143264": "customers typically are assigned a live person, a hostess, right to take care of their every need,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00213-00143264-00143672": "to get them where they need to be, to answer their questions, right? To improve that experience", "19dIMCejpAQ-00214-00143792-00144432": "with, you know, an intelligent virtual agent now you can go to that next tier of customer,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00215-00144432-00145272": "to a broader breadth of your guests, of your gaming customers", "19dIMCejpAQ-00216-00145272-00145736": "and now you begin to learn a lot about them, you're helping them get restaurants, they, I mean,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00217-00145736-00146336": "you know, Vegas isn't just about pleasure, Vegas is also a place to do business and I'd be willing", "19dIMCejpAQ-00218-00146336-00146944": "to bet there's a lot of business and pleasure going on in Vegas and family time as well. Through", "19dIMCejpAQ-00219-00146944-00147464": "the use of intelligent virtual agent, every single interaction what kind of, you know, restaurant", "19dIMCejpAQ-00220-00147464-00147864": "you need tonight, you need to be family-friendly, what type of entertainment do you need you can now", "19dIMCejpAQ-00221-00147944-00148408": "scale that and you can learn while they're traveling, you can even begin to, you know,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00222-00148408-00148992": "make those reservations for them and make their return flights if they need to as well. All done", "19dIMCejpAQ-00223-00148992-00149392": "with a virtual agent, so that's one example of how you get to know those customers better", "19dIMCejpAQ-00224-00149464-00150064": "and if I may, Max, I think that, you know, when I think about Artificial Intelligence and how, Mark,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00225-00150064-00150592": "you've explained how your product worked, works I think that it's really a huge opportunity for", "19dIMCejpAQ-00226-00150592-00151200": "hoteliers to be able to use a tool like this to anticipate the demands of the consumer, right?", "19dIMCejpAQ-00227-00151200-00151656": "And we're living in a time where people want to, you know, at the click of a button they want to", "19dIMCejpAQ-00228-00151656-00152448": "be able to do, ask or, you know, receive or book or see or whatever their action is without having", "19dIMCejpAQ-00229-00152448-00153000": "to either have an in a human interaction or have limited human interaction or at least have the", "19dIMCejpAQ-00230-00153000-00153832": "option to decide when and how, right? So, I think that the possibilities are endless for hoteliers", "19dIMCejpAQ-00231-00153832-00154712": "to be able to anticipate and adequately, you know, decide whether their staffing needs to be", "19dIMCejpAQ-00232-00154712-00155168": "based on these needs because staffing, let's face it, is a huge issue for hoteliers today", "19dIMCejpAQ-00233-00155288-00155840": "and it's something that, you know, they're dealing with on a daily basis, as they're trying to also,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00234-00156120-00156656": "you know, work with and balance the demand, right? Of just, you know, people coming to their hotels", "19dIMCejpAQ-00235-00156656-00157312": "and having able to provide the services that are required or needed basic service and services that", "19dIMCejpAQ-00236-00157312-00158088": "are needed and required for running a hotel. Yes and off top of your mind do you have any examples", "19dIMCejpAQ-00237-00158088-00158920": "of such aspirations from big hotel names or any, you know, already something that was put in", "19dIMCejpAQ-00238-00158920-00159520": "motion? Yeah, I don't have any examples, I do know that there are hotel companies out there that are", "19dIMCejpAQ-00239-00159520-00160120": "aspiring to be able to anticipate some of these needs and there's been a big pent-up, you know,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00240-00160256-00160888": "demand if you will on this types of services, so the, you know, hotel companies are looking and", "19dIMCejpAQ-00241-00160888-00161504": "anticipating not only at CRM services but just how does the digital, how does that translate into the", "19dIMCejpAQ-00242-00161504-00162064": "digital platforms that they're building together and so I think that, you know, it's twofold there", "19dIMCejpAQ-00243-00162064-00162608": "are large hotel chains that are anticipating that, you know, there's something that needs to get done", "19dIMCejpAQ-00244-00162608-00163072": "because there's a huge transformation. I'm looking to partnerships to help them do that and there's", "19dIMCejpAQ-00245-00163072-00163632": "also the independent hoteliers that are doing the same thing, they're looking at their technology", "19dIMCejpAQ-00246-00163632-00164152": "stack real, you know, reviewing and realizing I need to do something different in order to", "19dIMCejpAQ-00247-00164152-00164752": "capture this business, right? You know, everyone was looking at especially those hotels that are", "19dIMCejpAQ-00248-00164752-00165456": "more dependent on air travel, that and therefore more dependent on business coming from the GDS's.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00249-00165456-00166144": "It's coming back, you know, we're seeing that but it took a little while, and so, you know, that", "19dIMCejpAQ-00250-00166144-00166824": "required hoteliers to be creative to find ways to create the demand back to those, to the hotels,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00251-00166824-00167504": "yeah, be creative, so this is very interesting. So, John and Stan, so can you just a little bit", "19dIMCejpAQ-00252-00167632-00168416": "unlock this. This channels what kind of information and what kind of channels", "19dIMCejpAQ-00253-00168416-00168992": "airlines might use to get this information to understand. So, we all understand that", "19dIMCejpAQ-00254-00168992-00169432": "there is a tremendous opportunity we talked a little bit from the hotelier's perspective but", "19dIMCejpAQ-00255-00169488-00169872": "what is the information? How someone can understand", "19dIMCejpAQ-00256-00170008-00170720": "is it business or leisure or this is bi-leisure or probably get into more details about the,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00257-00170720-00171256": "you know, needs of a particular traveler? Yeah, well they can do something radical and ask them.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00258-00171496-00172080": "You know, about automation and artificial intelligence. So right, well when I,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00259-00172248-00172904": "people always tell me, you know, ask me questions even in my own organization about how much", "19dIMCejpAQ-00260-00172904-00173600": "is business and how much is leisure or whatever, of course, and I explain well when you travel do", "19dIMCejpAQ-00261-00173600-00174112": "you tell the airline why you're flying? No, well, then how would they know? Well,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00262-00174112-00174696": "they don't know. They make educated guesses based on type of ticket you bought or if you bought", "19dIMCejpAQ-00263-00174696-00175200": "under an agency code or what distribution channel you bought for or forward volume agreement. Can", "19dIMCejpAQ-00264-00175200-00175656": "you just be more specific here? Because I think the audience is looking to understand", "19dIMCejpAQ-00265-00175720-00176176": "what are these specific features to understand. Just distinguish the people, well, I mean,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00266-00176176-00177056": "for example, if you just like a retail store or something, if you expect full refundability", "19dIMCejpAQ-00267-00177056-00177392": "at Nordstrom. There's a difference between Nordstrom and Nordstrom Rack, right? And,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00268-00177520-00178056": "you make a trade. I will accept a lower price for my good or service in return for more", "19dIMCejpAQ-00269-00178056-00178560": "restrictions. We see that with hotels, with Greyhound bus, with Amtrak, whatever it is.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00270-00178656-00179096": "They're often three or four fair categories and the more restrictive in terms the ability", "19dIMCejpAQ-00271-00179096-00179480": "to change the product or get a full refund you're getting a different", "19dIMCejpAQ-00272-00179480-00179904": "price and you make an economic trade with the service provider or the good provider", "19dIMCejpAQ-00273-00180088-00180736": "and, you know, sometimes even when I travel for business I'll make that trade. Well, I could", "19dIMCejpAQ-00274-00180736-00181528": "get a slightly cheaper hotel rate if I accept no refunds. Do I want to take that gamble and right", "19dIMCejpAQ-00275-00181528-00182128": "all these sorts of things? It's no different for the airlines but it's and then it's also", "19dIMCejpAQ-00276-00182128-00182728": "the distribution channel. Generally speaking, I'm not going to book a personal trip through a", "19dIMCejpAQ-00277-00182728-00183264": "corporate travel agency and the airline knows that, especially if they say it involves a", "19dIMCejpAQ-00278-00183344-00183976": "Saturday night stay and whatnot now with the way fares have changed that's getting harder to.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00279-00184288-00184688": "Fares have changed for the better in a way that makes it harder to identify some of", "19dIMCejpAQ-00280-00184688-00185576": "these things because now it's much easier to buy one-way tickets for a normal price and often on", "19dIMCejpAQ-00281-00185576-00186072": "two separate airlines. That's the key part. Two separate air someone might fly Southwest in one", "19dIMCejpAQ-00282-00186072-00186648": "direction and Delta in another direction on a trip or they'll do a three-way trip for business where", "19dIMCejpAQ-00283-00186648-00187456": "they fly multi-leg and some of those are harder to determine or they'll even drive a car for", "19dIMCejpAQ-00284-00187456-00188088": "an open leg and then connect the two air trips, so these things are less clear than they used to be", "19dIMCejpAQ-00285-00188152-00188760": "and often when I book now a hotel, rental car, Amtrak whatever should that be the case", "19dIMCejpAQ-00286-00188840-00189440": "it's often the case they will say. Are you traveling for business or personal reasons? And in", "19dIMCejpAQ-00287-00189440-00190328": "an electronic matter, manner with a simple yes/no or other or something. I'm generally inclined", "19dIMCejpAQ-00288-00190328-00190832": "to answer it and to answer it truthfully, I mean that's the other thing, right with surveys. It's", "19dIMCejpAQ-00289-00190832-00191376": "one thing to answer the question, it's another thing to do so truthfully like if I check this", "19dIMCejpAQ-00290-00191376-00191976": "box or they're going to treat me in a way that I don't think is fair but and sometimes the company", "19dIMCejpAQ-00291-00191976-00192496": "will throw in sweeteners, right if you answer this question you're eligible for some prize", "19dIMCejpAQ-00292-00192496-00193224": "or it helps us refine our offers to or there's some bonus, whatever, but I think in this day", "19dIMCejpAQ-00293-00193224-00193880": "and age people are getting more and more used to the idea of sharing more information with folks,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00294-00194016-00194624": "with as long as there's a perception that they're getting something for it, and, you know, we,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00295-00194696-00195392": "none of us really when I get a survey in the mail of any kind, you know, it could be about anything.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00296-00195392-00195832": "One of the first things I look at is how long is it and if can I fill it out online.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00297-00195976-00196760": "So with online, I think it's just much easier to do something you might not have what because,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00298-00196760-00197192": "you know, you fill out these circles and then you spill something on,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00299-00197192-00197464": "it and then you gotta make, you gotta find a mailbox and on", "19dIMCejpAQ-00300-00197864-00198488": "it's often clear, like if, you know on paper you have to say well if you answered no,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00301-00198488-00199048": "you can skip to this section and sometimes with automation it does that for you, right? You answer", "19dIMCejpAQ-00302-00199048-00199504": "a certain way, you know, so it ends up taking less time even for the same number of questions.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00303-00199608-00200184": "So I'm suggesting that this is something, you know, airlines could do. More and more people", "19dIMCejpAQ-00304-00200184-00200688": "are engaging not just in formal surveys but at the time, at the point of sale", "19dIMCejpAQ-00305-00200776-00201480": "through Twitter exchanges for customer service interactions, you know, in separate", "19dIMCejpAQ-00306-00201480-00202056": "just promotion, so and, you know, it's none of this stuff has to be a 100%. You can sample to", "19dIMCejpAQ-00307-00202056-00202472": "get an idea and to Mark's point earlier I think he's right, you know, people are...", "19dIMCejpAQ-00308-00202568-00203032": "it's becoming harder to identify people simply by their distribution channels, so we can kind", "19dIMCejpAQ-00309-00203032-00203496": "of tease out that behavior. We can even tease it out in just a particular distribution channel", "19dIMCejpAQ-00310-00203576-00204024": "and as a starter, so sorry for the long answer, but I think there are ways to do it, where", "19dIMCejpAQ-00311-00204024-00204656": "but people are more willing to share that kind of information over time, so yes if I could add, Max,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00312-00204656-00205040": "I think from a hotelier perspective I think it's a little bit harder. Well first of all I want to", "19dIMCejpAQ-00313-00205040-00205712": "say that the distinction between whether someone's traveling for business or leisure being the type", "19dIMCejpAQ-00314-00205712-00206328": "the difference in the terms and conditions of the rate they booked that sort of has kind of, you", "19dIMCejpAQ-00315-00206328-00207119": "know, that opportunity has really shortened if you will because there's not that much of a difference", "19dIMCejpAQ-00316-00207119-00207767": "anymore, right, between the very restrictive rate versus one that's a little bit less restrictive.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00317-00207767-00208496": "Since covid19 I think we've, you know, hoteliers have had to be more flexible in their rate,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00318-00208560-00209192": "in their revenue management strategies and so it's hard to make that distinction there, and then the", "19dIMCejpAQ-00319-00209192-00209848": "other thing is we're seeing that technology has expanded particularly in the corporate travel", "19dIMCejpAQ-00320-00209848-00210576": "space and there's a lot of spillage if you will in benefits for employees as they become more", "19dIMCejpAQ-00321-00210576-00211119": "leisure oriented to be able to book, you know, leisure travel within their, you know,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00322-00211119-00211664": "business travel, so again this segmentation of how the reservations are coming through", "19dIMCejpAQ-00323-00211664-00212167": "it's also a little blurry. It doesn't, you know, tell us enough and then the last point I'll make", "19dIMCejpAQ-00324-00212167-00212640": "is that from a hospitality perspective often those channels even though they do ask the question", "19dIMCejpAQ-00325-00212719-00213319": "more often than that that data is not necessarily shared. To your point, John, right so from a", "19dIMCejpAQ-00326-00213319-00214000": "hotel's perspective they don't necessarily have that information being shared by third party so", "19dIMCejpAQ-00327-00214000-00214736": "unless they've asked the question within their own environment on brand.com which obviously", "19dIMCejpAQ-00328-00214736-00215471": "most of them already do. The question then is if you're asking that question how is that being used", "19dIMCejpAQ-00329-00215576-00216088": "compared and easy compared because, you know, you can't really, you're not getting that information", "19dIMCejpAQ-00330-00216088-00216680": "from third party so it's really segregated, it's very fragmented, it's very hard to tell the story.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00331-00216816-00217544": "Right, and I think it makes the whole case even harder to understand if you don't have a,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00332-00217544-00218080": "you know, clear information coming from the user directly, from the trailer directly and you", "19dIMCejpAQ-00333-00218080-00218823": "don't have the opportunity to ask and/or you know traveler might not be willing to share. So, Stan,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00334-00219056-00220016": "so can you think about any kind of limitations to how information might be shared across", "19dIMCejpAQ-00335-00220016-00220592": "the channels. I'm talking specifically about the silences because we talk about, okay, so", "19dIMCejpAQ-00336-00220592-00221071": "we have that information, we can ask the user, we can ask this and that, we can, you know,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00337-00221071-00221584": "get this, you know, breaking window, we can, you know, see the destination but", "19dIMCejpAQ-00338-00221584-00222288": "what are the limitations? Because everybody knows that travel is so fragmented. Yeah, I think,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00339-00222288-00222896": "so, if I look at managed corporate travel first, right, most of the airlines and the", "19dIMCejpAQ-00340-00222896-00223328": "corporations have some sort of agreement where they have some sort of a corporate identifier", "19dIMCejpAQ-00341-00223416-00224000": "that gets associated with their travel. The same for hoteliers. Unfortunately,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00342-00224056-00224736": "those are all different across every single provider that's out there and", "19dIMCejpAQ-00343-00224736-00225400": "so, and a corporation doesn't necessarily make that information known to its travelers which", "19dIMCejpAQ-00344-00225400-00225944": "could be very helpful when, for instance, somebody shows up and they say you're traveling on business", "19dIMCejpAQ-00345-00225944-00226600": "or leisure and you say business and my corporate ID is x. All right but that information stays in", "19dIMCejpAQ-00346-00226600-00227288": "the background and it doesn't get shared, so it's really left for someone at the airline to analyze", "19dIMCejpAQ-00347-00227288-00227919": "or Artificial Intelligence to pick that up and then to try to do some more linking. So", "19dIMCejpAQ-00348-00227919-00228480": "I talked about earlier, right if I'm traveling with my family and to Gianna's point, by some", "19dIMCejpAQ-00349-00228480-00229200": "corporations are allowing their travelers to book their families using the corporate booking tool.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00350-00229384-00229936": "Great idea, some travelers will be reticent to do that because they don't necessarily", "19dIMCejpAQ-00351-00229936-00230552": "want the corporation right into their family business as they're traveling, so", "19dIMCejpAQ-00352-00230552-00231664": "again another, I'll call it a wall, gets put up but with the ability to use AI to look at", "19dIMCejpAQ-00353-00231832-00232328": "as you describe, Max, even destinations and things like that and actually get down to the specific", "19dIMCejpAQ-00354-00232328-00232928": "travelers who are traveling and try and link the travelers together themselves, right? That's one", "19dIMCejpAQ-00355-00232928-00233736": "way to begin to overcome that wall. Again that would, there are a lot of legalities probably", "19dIMCejpAQ-00356-00233736-00234456": "around that and so it really goes back to a simple question of asking, right? So,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00357-00234456-00235119": "for instance, it's easier to add people to your hotel reservation than it is to an air reservation", "19dIMCejpAQ-00358-00235223-00235832": "and so where they might check in at a hotel and the hotelier says, you know. Are you? How many", "19dIMCejpAQ-00359-00235832-00236423": "room keys do you need? And you say well, I need four because I'm adding three people to my room.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00360-00236480-00237232": "Well, that information would never be shared back right with the other travel writers mainly because", "19dIMCejpAQ-00361-00237336-00237888": "the traveler is in control of that and I think that we've talked about this for a long time that", "19dIMCejpAQ-00362-00238056-00238840": "travel providers need to really agree that the traveler is the owner of the traveler", "19dIMCejpAQ-00363-00238840-00239616": "information and getting them to share that in some way that makes it useful is key.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00364-00239688-00240344": "Yes, if that's a great point and as you said that I was thinking really it depends", "19dIMCejpAQ-00365-00240456-00241016": "on who that front desk agent is as opposed to what will they do with that information, right? So,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00366-00241016-00241584": "now, you know, you have the guest has checked in, you anticipated one person, they're asking for", "19dIMCejpAQ-00367-00241584-00242136": "three more keys. The question would be what is that agent at the front desk going to do with that", "19dIMCejpAQ-00368-00242136-00242560": "information? Are they going to do anything with it? Will they input it into the system? Will the", "19dIMCejpAQ-00369-00242560-00243016": "system that they input the information in is that a system that talks to any other system that will", "19dIMCejpAQ-00370-00243016-00243560": "capture the data, you know, intelligently to be able to, you know, make something that's", "19dIMCejpAQ-00371-00243560-00244360": "merchandisable in the future, right? I think that this data ownership and fragment and overall", "19dIMCejpAQ-00372-00244360-00245319": "industry fragmentation make it very complex but, Mark, if you think about the people who are just", "19dIMCejpAQ-00373-00245319-00246256": "starting to embrace this overall AI conversational automation, you know, probably text bots and, you", "19dIMCejpAQ-00374-00246256-00246904": "know, chatbots and all these fancy technologies so what would be the easiest entry point for them in", "19dIMCejpAQ-00375-00246904-00247536": "this, you know, lucrative pretty significant, lucrative opportunity, right? I think that,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00376-00247800-00248560": "you know, the area of knowledge management and the ability to understand and serve up", "19dIMCejpAQ-00377-00248623-00249423": "unstructured data is a very very very good time to value so, for instance, at your, on property", "19dIMCejpAQ-00378-00249567-00250488": "you may have FAQs about restaurants in the area, events to go to. You can have an intelligent", "19dIMCejpAQ-00379-00250488-00251192": "virtual agent, you know, via text like, hey I'm looking for, you know, children under,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00380-00251192-00251567": "you know, I need to entertain three children under 10 for dinner. What are your recommendations? Like", "19dIMCejpAQ-00381-00251567-00252208": "you would to a human concierge. Artificial Intelligence enables you to read in context,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00382-00252208-00252840": "you know, what's your FAQ, where you may have that and serve that back to the guest", "19dIMCejpAQ-00383-00252904-00253312": "and if it solves a problem, great! If the guest isn't getting satisfied via the intelligent", "19dIMCejpAQ-00384-00253312-00253912": "virtual agent maybe that gets escalated to the actual concierge and then the AI tool still learns", "19dIMCejpAQ-00385-00253912-00254471": "from that experience, right? But you now are beginning to capture a lot of information about", "19dIMCejpAQ-00386-00254552-00255304": "that user, right? Or about that guest that you can leverage and that's step one and the idea I think", "19dIMCejpAQ-00387-00255360-00256071": "is that you can begin delivering value across the enterprise. You don't have to, you know,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00388-00256071-00256608": "make a multi-million dollar investment to get real benefits. I think in today's,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00389-00256608-00257512": "with today's technology you're able to truly justify every expense that you make and a lot of,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00390-00257512-00258128": "you know, if you have over 100 agents today and you're not thinking about how do I leverage", "19dIMCejpAQ-00391-00258192-00258719": "Artificial Intelligence to better serve my customers, to make my agents happier,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00392-00258719-00259416": "to onboard them faster, to keep them retained then you're really missing the boat because,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00393-00259600-00260271": "you know, we've seen across, you know, a hundred plus large enterprise clients,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00394-00260271-00261088": "you know, self-service usage increase 40 plus right? Because we're able to learn, adjust and", "19dIMCejpAQ-00395-00261088-00261671": "then when you solve a workflow for an agent. You can just bring that over into your virtual agent", "19dIMCejpAQ-00396-00261896-00262192": "offering and now those customers will be serviced there.", "19dIMCejpAQ-00397-00262304-00262944": "Did that answer your question, Max? Absolutely, everybody's interested how can I start but", "19dIMCejpAQ-00398-00263024-00263592": "listen, so it's been almost 45 minutes of interesting conversation. I hope the", "19dIMCejpAQ-00399-00263592-00264376": "audience finds that insightful and actionable for you. So, thank you so much, Gianna Rivera,", "19dIMCejpAQ-00400-00264472-00265272": "John Heimlich, Mark Pulliam and Stan Boyer for joining the stage, and we look forward to seeing", "19dIMCejpAQ-00401-00265272-00266184": "you all the precious audience on our future webinars. So thank you so much. Stay tuned."}}, {"audio_id": "19qKbxfbbmg", "text": {"19qKbxfbbmg-00000-00000088-00000448": "quit feel like quitting remember all of those who said you'd fail", "19qKbxfbbmg-00001-00000592-00001288": "when you feel like giving up remember why you started when you feel like quitting remember", "19qKbxfbbmg-00002-00001288-00001896": "what you're doing it all for when you feel like quitting remember pain is temporary", "19qKbxfbbmg-00003-00001896-00002616": "and greatness lasts forever when you feel like quitting remember that the pain you feel today", "19qKbxfbbmg-00004-00002616-00003215": "will be replaced with the strength you need tomorrow remember that every ounce of pain", "19qKbxfbbmg-00005-00003215-00004008": "you feel is building a stronger you a stronger body a stronger mind and a stronger character", "19qKbxfbbmg-00006-00004152-00005264": "so push through the pain don't let it stop force it to grow you don't back down from the pain face", "19qKbxfbbmg-00007-00005264-00006272": "it feel no pain there is no pain that painful last rep that's nothing get me more much harder", "19qKbxfbbmg-00008-00006520-00007456": "too tired too hard too busy too early too stressed no excuses too tired no", "19qKbxfbbmg-00009-00007456-00008552": "excuses too hard no excuses too busy no excuses too early no excuses no stress", "19qKbxfbbmg-00010-00008552-00009296": "no excuses when i feel like quitting i remember there's too many people i need to prove wrong", "19qKbxfbbmg-00011-00009296-00009984": "when i feel like quitting i remember i have too much to fight for i will not quit", "19qKbxfbbmg-00012-00010440-00011264": "i'm up i'm ready to go quitting that's for those who have no heart i do not quit the greatest", "19qKbxfbbmg-00013-00011264-00011856": "physique your greatest health your greatest strength it doesn't come with average effort if", "19qKbxfbbmg-00014-00011856-00012440": "you want average results keep showing up and give an average effort if you want to be at your best", "19qKbxfbbmg-00015-00012496-00013072": "you will have to give your best effort make an oath to yourself that you will not walk out of", "19qKbxfbbmg-00016-00013072-00013856": "any training session any game anything without giving 110 of your soul whatever you think is", "19qKbxfbbmg-00017-00013856-00014488": "your limit push past it whatever you think is your max see if you can get ten percent more", "19qKbxfbbmg-00018-00014488-00015256": "out results don't lie it all comes down to one simple question how bad do you want it", "19qKbxfbbmg-00019-00015368-00017304": "and when you feel like quitting give me ten more nothing great is going to come if you", "19qKbxfbbmg-00020-00017304-00018384": "quit i know it's hard i know you are tired i know it seems impossible but you must keep going", "19qKbxfbbmg-00021-00018952-00019784": "stick it out and get your reward", "19qKbxfbbmg-00022-00021992-00022000": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "19sNTLDWj5k", "text": {"19sNTLDWj5k-00000-00000000-00000333": "Hey, welcome back today, we're going to talk about one of the few", "19sNTLDWj5k-00001-00000445-00001034": "bolt on armor pieces for your stock BMW LED fog lights or accessory lights", "19sNTLDWj5k-00002-00001237-00001913": "It is made by tor tech once again, this is Carlo for the biggest little adventures a", "19sNTLDWj5k-00003-00002050-00002475": "Website and YouTube channel dedicated to the adventure motorcycle lifestyle", "19sNTLDWj5k-00004-00002575-00002870": "So today I'm going to talk about these tour tech", "19sNTLDWj5k-00005-00003109-00003479": "Guards for your accessory lights. So basically this is what they look like", "19sNTLDWj5k-00006-00003661-00004358": "Okay, real simple bolt on they use the existing bolts it's maybe a 5-10 minute install", "19sNTLDWj5k-00007-00004423-00004725": "You do have to dismount the light and then just reinstall it", "19sNTLDWj5k-00008-00004807-00005007": "so I", "19sNTLDWj5k-00009-00005110-00005310": "Talked a little bit about the past", "19sNTLDWj5k-00010-00005368-00005666": "How-to or tech used to be my go-to company about five years ago", "19sNTLDWj5k-00011-00005746-00006260": "And now I've expanded and I'm starting to like products from companies like all Rider", "19sNTLDWj5k-00012-00006310-00006797": "And then for some specific products s/w motek a little bit better", "19sNTLDWj5k-00013-00006820-00007197": "The one thing that I could say about tor Tech is they have great", "19sNTLDWj5k-00014-00007404-00007604": "Product variety for whatever your", "19sNTLDWj5k-00015-00007675-00008000": "adventure bike is and they come out and they make", "19sNTLDWj5k-00016-00008122-00008286": "Good kit", "19sNTLDWj5k-00017-00008286-00009071": "quickly, and so it usually takes the other companies another ten or twelve months of development time to come out with what", "19sNTLDWj5k-00018-00009072-00009377": "Tor tech comes out initially. So when I first bought my", "19sNTLDWj5k-00019-00009447-00009582": "2018", "19sNTLDWj5k-00020-00009582-00009947": "Gs. Adventure. There was not any", "19sNTLDWj5k-00021-00010114-00010772": "Guards for the LED headlights because the LED headlights were new they had changed some geometry or the lens or something like that", "19sNTLDWj5k-00022-00010772-00011156": "And so they all worked up from the 14", "19sNTLDWj5k-00023-00011221-00011600": "Water-cooled to the 17 but none of them advertised. They were good for the 18", "19sNTLDWj5k-00024-00011632-00012269": "So I was at the my dealership BS in about parts and stuff like that", "19sNTLDWj5k-00025-00012270-00012740": "And they said that they finally actually did come up with one now granted. This is just", "19sNTLDWj5k-00026-00012795-00012925": "a", "19sNTLDWj5k-00027-00012925-00013130": "very thin aluminum, however", "19sNTLDWj5k-00028-00013304-00013504": "It's better than nothing and", "19sNTLDWj5k-00029-00013616-00013869": "As you can see from this photo", "19sNTLDWj5k-00030-00014072-00014272": "I've already scraped up my", "19sNTLDWj5k-00031-00014330-00014713": "Headlights my fog lights and they're about 400 bucks apiece", "19sNTLDWj5k-00032-00014834-00015556": "Now if you buy the GS and build it out yourself, you'll probably have clear water lights on there or something like that", "19sNTLDWj5k-00033-00015632-00015948": "Yeah, and so this isn't an issue for you", "19sNTLDWj5k-00034-00015949-00016419": "But if you have bought a GS adventure that sort of comes kitted out there's no sense in", "19sNTLDWj5k-00035-00016490-00016690": "You know replacing them right away", "19sNTLDWj5k-00036-00016826-00017026": "And so I had already laid down", "19sNTLDWj5k-00037-00017183-00017701": "When I when I went down the scree slope and I like scree slope and I laid down my bike", "19sNTLDWj5k-00038-00017792-00018046": "And I scraped the left side of it", "19sNTLDWj5k-00039-00018206-00018544": "When I was doing some trails near Yosemite and", "19sNTLDWj5k-00040-00018686-00019186": "it scraped up the lense a little bit and as straight up the casing of the light now this", "19sNTLDWj5k-00041-00019223-00019620": "That is more specifically to cover the lens. So if a rocket", "19sNTLDWj5k-00042-00019688-00020398": "Gets kicked at you from rider in front of you or a truck or you know car or whatever. It's protecting the the lens", "19sNTLDWj5k-00043-00020453-00020722": "But it does sort of go on the outside and you'll see", "19sNTLDWj5k-00044-00020807-00021007": "That it would have helped", "19sNTLDWj5k-00045-00021059-00021802": "Protect the actual the lens and the the the front part of the lens shell it wouldn't have", "19sNTLDWj5k-00046-00021950-00022191": "Protected the rear fin that broke off, too", "19sNTLDWj5k-00047-00022217-00022753": "but that's actually not that important because you break that lens and you're Sol and", "19sNTLDWj5k-00048-00022841-00023298": "You're probably upgrading your lights to some clear waters. So quick product review", "19sNTLDWj5k-00049-00023429-00023820": "Not going to do an install video because it's three screws you can handle it"}}, {"audio_id": "19J95-lFY0Q", "text": {"19J95-lFY0Q-00000-00000012-00000170": "Our leaders are stupid.", "19J95-lFY0Q-00001-00000170-00000356": "Our politicians are stupid.", "19J95-lFY0Q-00002-00000356-00000994": "Donald Trump, who four short years ago was viewed by many GOP operatives as an erratic outsider,", "19J95-lFY0Q-00003-00000994-00001342": "has just been renominated as the party's standard bearer.", "19J95-lFY0Q-00004-00001342-00001857": "But whether he wins or loses, can a party without any guiding principles survive?", "19J95-lFY0Q-00005-00001857-00002272": "How do the political parties die? And how are new ones born?", "19J95-lFY0Q-00006-00002272-00002994": "Imagine a political party that has lost its ideological coherence and is torn apart by various warring factions,", "19J95-lFY0Q-00007-00002994-00003556": "then an outsider and celebrity candidate emerges", "19J95-lFY0Q-00008-00003556-00003756": "with no fealty to the party's policy agenda", "19J95-lFY0Q-00009-00003756-00004010": "and with no previous political experience.", "19J95-lFY0Q-00010-00004010-00004210": "He goes on to connect with voters", "19J95-lFY0Q-00011-00004210-00004410": "and retake the White House.", "19J95-lFY0Q-00012-00004410-00004610": "That's exactly what happened...", "19J95-lFY0Q-00013-00004610-00004764": "...in 1848", "19J95-lFY0Q-00014-00004764-00004964": "when the Whigs backed Zachary Taylor.", "19J95-lFY0Q-00015-00005216-00005416": "Political scientist Philip Wallach", "19J95-lFY0Q-00016-00005416-00005766": "is a resident senior fellow at the think tank the R Street Institute.", "19J95-lFY0Q-00017-00005766-00006226": "He published a 2017 paper on the parallels between Taylor and Trump"}}, {"audio_id": "19SlbDgxQpM", "text": {"19SlbDgxQpM-00000-00000512-00000624": "hickory dickory", "19SlbDgxQpM-00001-00001520-00002984": "tick dock tick tock", "19SlbDgxQpM-00002-00003048-00004384": "oh", "19SlbDgxQpM-00003-00010040-00011384": "is", "19SlbDgxQpM-00004-00017200-00018384": "humpty dumpty sat on a boat", "19SlbDgxQpM-00005-00021400-00022032": "humpty dumpty sat on a wall humpty dumpty had a great fall", "19SlbDgxQpM-00006-00022088-00023984": "all the king's horses and all the king's men couldn't put together", "19SlbDgxQpM-00007-00025144-00025384": "did", "19SlbDgxQpM-00008-00032256-00032295": "roll", "19SlbDgxQpM-00009-00034880-00035184": "old macdonald had a farm", "19SlbDgxQpM-00010-00036448-00036584": "oh", "19SlbDgxQpM-00011-00037488-00037984": "old macdonald", "19SlbDgxQpM-00012-00039056-00039384": "old macdonald", "19SlbDgxQpM-00013-00040096-00040712": "old macdonald had a farm e-i-e-i-o and on his farm", "19SlbDgxQpM-00014-00041664-00042184": "old macdonald", "19SlbDgxQpM-00015-00042704-00043584": "old macdonald had a farm e-i-e-i-o and on his farm he had some sheep", "19SlbDgxQpM-00016-00044280-00044984": "oh", "19SlbDgxQpM-00017-00046320-00046768": "this old man he played one he played knick-knack on my thumb", "19SlbDgxQpM-00018-00046768-00047256": "with a knick-knack paddy whack give a dog a bone this old man came rolling home", "19SlbDgxQpM-00019-00047520-00048144": "this old man he played two he played knick-knack on my shoe with a knick-knack paddy whack give", "19SlbDgxQpM-00020-00048144-00049112": "a dog a bone this old man came rolling home this old man he played three he played knick-knack on", "19SlbDgxQpM-00021-00049320-00049656": "give a dog a bone this old man came rolling home", "19SlbDgxQpM-00022-00049920-00050496": "this old man he played for he played knick-knack on my door with a knick-knack paddy", "19SlbDgxQpM-00023-00051840-00051904": "this old", "19SlbDgxQpM-00024-00053040-00053640": "this old played man on my sticks with a knick-knack paddy whack", "19SlbDgxQpM-00025-00053640-00053976": "give a dog a bone this old man came rolling home", "19SlbDgxQpM-00026-00054240-00054784": "this old man he played seven he played", "19SlbDgxQpM-00027-00056096-00056336": "a bone this old man came rolling", "19SlbDgxQpM-00028-00057504-00058079": "played home he played knick-knack on my spine with a knick-knack paddy whack give a dog a bone", "19SlbDgxQpM-00029-00058079-00058984": "this old man came rolling home this old man he played knick-knack once again", "19SlbDgxQpM-00030-00062391-00063344": "a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v", "19SlbDgxQpM-00031-00063416-00064584": "w x y and z now i know my abcs next time won't you sing with me", "19SlbDgxQpM-00032-00064791-00065744": "a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v", "19SlbDgxQpM-00033-00065816-00067384": "w x y and z now i know my abc's next time won't you sing with me", "19SlbDgxQpM-00034-00068568-00069520": "a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v", "19SlbDgxQpM-00035-00069592-00070552": "w x y and z now i know my abcs next time won't you sing with me", "19SlbDgxQpM-00036-00071304-00072264": "a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v", "19SlbDgxQpM-00037-00072336-00074384": "w x y and z now i know my abc's next time won't you sing with me", "19SlbDgxQpM-00038-00075880-00076696": "london bridge is falling down falling down falling down london bridge is falling down", "19SlbDgxQpM-00039-00076696-00077184": "my fair lady build it up with sticks and stones", "19SlbDgxQpM-00040-00077240-00078584": "sticks and stones sticks and stones build it up with sticks and stones my fair lady", "19SlbDgxQpM-00041-00079144-00079568": "sticks and stones will all fall down all fall down", "19SlbDgxQpM-00042-00079568-00080520": "all fall down sticks and stones will all fall down my fair lady build it up with wood and clay", "19SlbDgxQpM-00043-00080520-00081384": "wood and clay wood and clay build it up with wood and clay my fair lady", "19SlbDgxQpM-00044-00082432-00083576": "wood and clay will wash away wash away wash away wood and clay will wash away my fair lady build", "19SlbDgxQpM-00045-00083576-00085584": "it up with iron and steel iron and steel iron and steel build it up with iron and steel my fair lady", "19SlbDgxQpM-00046-00085696-00086112": "iron and steel will bend and bow bend and bow", "19SlbDgxQpM-00047-00086112-00086984": "bend and bow iron and steel will bend and bow my fair lady", "19SlbDgxQpM-00048-00087472-00088976": "falling down mary had a little lamb little lamb", "19SlbDgxQpM-00049-00088976-00089968": "little lamb mary had a little lamb its fleece was white as snow and everywhere that mary went", "19SlbDgxQpM-00050-00089968-00091552": "mary went mary went and everywhere that mary went the lamb was sure to go it followed her to school", "19SlbDgxQpM-00051-00091552-00092464": "one day school one day school one day it followed her to school one day which was against the rules", "19SlbDgxQpM-00052-00092464-00093984": "it made the children laugh and play laugh and play laugh and play it made the children laugh and play", "19SlbDgxQpM-00053-00095296-00096784": "and waited patiently about patiently about patiently about and waited patiently", "19SlbDgxQpM-00054-00098120-00099496": "why mary loves the lamb you know let you know why"}}, {"audio_id": "19T6DgjkIqY", "text": {"19T6DgjkIqY-00000-00000000-00000446": "Hello! Welcome to Roblox!!! This girl can be an example for unfriend and F-FRIEND!!! (Fake Friend)", "19T6DgjkIqY-00001-00000446-00000588": "Okay, this is an example...", "19T6DgjkIqY-00002-00000718-00001232": "You see... You know that what I have friends, you should find your friend who should to do.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00003-00001350-00001456": "Look at my friends.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00004-00001750-00001894": "You should find it...", "19T6DgjkIqY-00005-00001955-00002180": "What you need any who can friends.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00006-00002264-00002384": "Let's looking...", "19T6DgjkIqY-00007-00005396-00005564": "Okay, I think I pick to...", "19T6DgjkIqY-00008-00005690-00005740": "This.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00009-00005920-00006176": "If you see \"Unfriend\" don't click it, only the right mouse. And click \"Inspect\"", "19T6DgjkIqY-00010-00006362-00006845": "You see... That's why, you find this, copy it. Until you click \"Edit as HTML\"", "19T6DgjkIqY-00011-00006904-00006978": "Copy it.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00012-00007070-00007214": "Now back to this username.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00013-00007320-00007886": "If you see this... \"Add Friend\" right mouse, then Inspect and click \"Edit as HTML\" all paste.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00014-00008023-00008144": "Click Edit as HTML", "19T6DgjkIqY-00015-00008524-00008644": "You press delete,", "19T6DgjkIqY-00016-00008914-00009030": "And paste it of all.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00017-00009030-00009410": "Here! You see this. But you should do know that \"Chat\"", "19T6DgjkIqY-00018-00009446-00009694": "You must remember what it is a flashback.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00019-00009758-00009986": "I will not tell you, you should see a flashback.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00020-00010020-00010140": "And now see it.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00021-00011064-00011152": "Oops, my bad.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00022-00011220-00011340": "Okay, we are here.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00023-00013338-00013666": "Now you see. You understand to easily hack for it.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00024-00013744-00013940": "It will give you make show everyone to feel jealous of you.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00025-00014204-00014418": "If you click chat and unfriend. You should be problem, people caught you have a fake friend,", "19T6DgjkIqY-00026-00014508-00014741": "Thank you for watching my video to how to hack.", "19T6DgjkIqY-00027-00014794-00015024": "Please don't forgot to subscribe to me ; )"}}, {"audio_id": "19bJk7HfpWu", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "1qyPLBCZ2G0", "text": {"1qyPLBCZ2G0-00000-00000022-00000279": "Toby Fox couldn’t sleep.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00001-00000279-00000451": "Undertale was finished.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00002-00000451-00000892": "It had been released, and the world had fallen in love with it.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00003-00000892-00001346": "Everywhere Toby looked online, he saw people talking about his game.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00004-00001346-00001957": "He saw fan-art, reviews, analysis videos, and covers of the songs he’d composed for", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00005-00001957-00002064": "the game.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00006-00002064-00002648": "His masterpiece was finished, and what’s more, it was shaping up to one of, if not", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00007-00002648-00003089": "the, defining game of 2015.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00008-00003089-00003552": "But while Undertale was finished, Toby wasn’t done yet.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00009-00003552-00003945": "He had so much more that he wanted to share with the world.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00010-00003945-00004187": "He just couldn’t keep things to himself.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00011-00004187-00004825": "Inspired and wholly unable to ignore his creative drive, Toby started work on a new project.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00012-00004825-00005138": "This would be years in the making.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00013-00005138-00005704": "He wasn’t sure if it was even possible to finish his big, sprawling epic.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00014-00005704-00006016": "Completing this new project was probably impossible.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00015-00006016-00006303": "But he had to try.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00016-00006303-00006686": "This is the story of Deltarune, Chapter One.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00017-00006686-00007363": "The tale of how Toby Fox fought – and continues to fight – to make lightning strike a second", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00018-00007363-00009922": "time.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00019-00009922-00010302": "Creating Undertale had been a relatively simple process.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00020-00010302-00010881": "Toby had set out with the goal of creating an entire video game, all by himself, simply", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00021-00010881-00011009": "to prove that he could.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00022-00011009-00011531": "He’d built an original demo for Undertale in just a few month, and had been very happy", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00023-00011531-00011663": "with his work.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00024-00011663-00012161": "Of course, not everything went entirely to plan.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00025-00012161-00012650": "After a surprisingly successful Kickstarter, Toby found himself struggling to meet the", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00026-00012650-00013191": "game’s initial 2014 release date, and had roped in additional artists such as Temmie", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00027-00013191-00013747": "Chang and Magnolia Porter to help flesh out the world and finish the huge task he’d", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00028-00013747-00013881": "set for himself.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00029-00013881-00014576": "But, all in all, Undertale had built to his strengths, and had been a manageable if ambitious", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00030-00014576-00014688": "project.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00031-00014688-00014929": "Deltarune was not so.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00032-00014929-00015360": "Right from the start, Toby began running into challenges.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00033-00015360-00015841": "His vision of the game involved a much richer, more varied colour palette.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00034-00015841-00016331": "Where much of Undertale was simple black and white sprite art, Deltarune would feature", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00035-00016331-00016849": "full colour, and Toby struggled to get the look that he was hoping for.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00036-00016849-00017365": "Even as he created art that he was happy with, he was aware that it was taking a lot longer", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00037-00017365-00017674": "than anything he’d done on Undertale.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00038-00017674-00018123": "He also wanted to expand the scope of this new game in other ways.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00039-00018123-00018592": "He wanted multiple party members and main characters, with different motivations and", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00040-00018592-00019109": "story arcs, and that meant a far less straightforward writing process.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00041-00019109-00019598": "Keeping everything organised in his head was taking a lot of work, and he wasn’t sure", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00042-00019598-00019765": "that he could manage this alone.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00043-00019765-00020162": "Then, there was the game world itself.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00044-00020162-00020687": "The overworld was bigger and more interconnected than anything in Undertale, and the geography", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00045-00020687-00021189": "for the central town at the heart of the story needed to be set in stone right at the start", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00046-00021189-00021555": "to help Toby achieve consistency as the story developed.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00047-00021555-00022101": "There was so much to do, so many things to organize.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00048-00022101-00022319": "Toby needed a team.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00049-00022319-00022619": "He’d never worked with a team before.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00050-00022619-00023084": "Getting art help from Temmie was one thing, but orchestrating the work of a small studio", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00051-00023084-00023193": "seemed beyond him.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00052-00023193-00023784": "And yet, it was clear that Toby couldn’t possibly make the game he wanted without outside", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00053-00023784-00023895": "help.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00054-00023895-00024048": "It was impossible.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00055-00024048-00024623": "He could imagine the project stretching on, endlessly, over years and years.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00056-00024623-00024998": "Toby generously gave himself a seven year window.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00057-00024998-00025390": "After that, he figured he’d get bored or lose interest.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00058-00025390-00025534": "So what could he do?", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00059-00025534-00025918": "Well, the first step was to start with something manageable.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00060-00025918-00026489": "He’d built a demo for Undertale before starting on the full game, so logically, he should", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00061-00026489-00026627": "do that again.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00062-00026627-00027227": "Deltarune: Chapter 1 was envisioned as a way to test out this new game world, and to start", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00063-00027227-00027594": "committing to story ideas that he could build upon later.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00064-00027594-00028133": "Perhaps this was the way the full game would really start, or maybe Toby would change things", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00065-00028133-00028720": "around and finesse ideas when he came to building the real title with his team.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00066-00028720-00029045": "He forced himself to focus on Chapter 1 for now.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00067-00029045-00029682": "He’d build this, in its entirety, and worry about the bigger, wider game after that was", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00068-00029682-00029782": "completed.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00069-00029782-00030238": "The main challenge that weighed on Toby’s mind was the battle system.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00070-00030238-00030719": "He started by simply expanding upon the combat mechanics for Undertale.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00071-00030719-00031232": "Originally, Deltarune would play the same way, with the player navigating through a", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00072-00031232-00031469": "flurry of enemy projectiles.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00073-00031469-00031862": "Toby tried out fun new additions to this formula.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00074-00031862-00032323": "Maybe if the player got closer to bullets, the enemy’s attacks would end sooner.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00075-00032323-00032695": "But he still had a lot of things he wasn’t happy with.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00076-00032695-00033036": "The combat wasn’t explained very well in the demo.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00077-00033036-00033354": "The system didn’t really work with multiple party members.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00078-00033354-00033727": "A pacifist playstyle wasn’t engaging enough.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00079-00033727-00034309": "Too many elements of the Undertale battle system didn’t quite fit with this new game.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00080-00034309-00034708": "Toby would have to rework the whole combat mechanics for the game later.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00081-00034708-00035056": "But that was a job for after his demo was finished.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00082-00035056-00035318": "He needed to keep pushing forward.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00083-00035318-00035713": "It didn’t help that Toby had a lot on his plate.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00084-00035713-00036210": "Undertale’s popularity meant that he was very much in demand, and was needed for work", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00085-00036210-00036677": "on porting the game to various platforms, as well as travelling around the world promoting", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00086-00036677-00036777": "his game.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00087-00036777-00037250": "But the biggest challenge that Toby faced was his own self doubt.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00088-00037250-00037558": "Was this game really worth making?", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00089-00037558-00037927": "How could he possibly top the success of Undertale?", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00090-00037927-00038366": "When he’d first received an unexpectedly huge amount of funding support for his initial", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00091-00038366-00038950": "Undertale kickstarter, Toby had been paralyzed with fear, worried that he wouldn’t live", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00092-00038950-00039050": "up to people’s expectations.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00093-00039050-00039199": "This was a hundred times worse.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00094-00039199-00039775": "Now that Undertale was a global sensation, Toby felt that whatever he did next, his fans", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00095-00039775-00039938": "would be disappointed.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00096-00039938-00040239": "He couldn’t recapture the magic of Undertale.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00097-00040239-00040524": "He couldn’t put that genie back in the bottle.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00098-00040524-00041083": "This new game had to be its own thing, different and distinct, and people were going to react", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00099-00041083-00041316": "to it differently.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00100-00041316-00041625": "Struggling with his own insecurity, Toby procrastinated.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00101-00041625-00042220": "He didn’t have to finish the game in a timely fashion, right?", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00102-00042220-00042813": "This was something he could do at his own leisure, around other, less intimidating tasks.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00103-00042813-00043013": "The years dragged on.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00104-00043013-00043341": "Toby kept allowing himself to be distracted.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00105-00043341-00043496": "But.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00106-00043496-00043970": "He couldn’t shake the feeling that he needed to get the game demo finished.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00107-00043970-00044459": "Deltarune was important to him, and he desperately wanted to share it with the world.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00108-00044459-00045076": "So, again working with his friend Temmie, Toby pushed through his own indecision and", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00109-00045076-00045176": "doubt.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00110-00045176-00045574": "He overcame this wall, and completed work on the demo.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00111-00045574-00045818": "Deltarune Chapter One was compelte.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00112-00045818-00046656": "It had taken three years, longer than he’d ever spent on Undertale, but it was done.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00113-00046656-00046822": "Nothing else was in any way organized.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00114-00046822-00047396": "Toby’s plans for a bigger game, built by a competent team of artists, were all simply", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00115-00047396-00047623": "ethereal at this point.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00116-00047623-00048256": "Aside from a few song compositions, he had nothing ready, and would need to start all", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00117-00048256-00048390": "again.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00118-00048390-00048708": "But he’d made the game’s first chapter.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00119-00048708-00049124": "It was a start, and that was all he needed.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00120-00049124-00049847": "On Halloween 2018 Toby shared Deltarune Chapter One with the world.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00121-00049847-00050175": "Nervously, he waited for a response.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00122-00050175-00050526": "There were concerns, and challenges.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00123-00050526-00050978": "Some technical issues meant that his game caused some people’s computers some issues.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00124-00050978-00051413": "But aside from this, Toby was met with a wave of positivity.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00125-00051413-00051513": "Fan-art.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00126-00051513-00051613": "Theories.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00127-00051613-00051775": "Music covers.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00128-00051775-00052421": "Again, the world was embracing his work, and falling in love with his new achievements.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00129-00052421-00052566": "Toby was pleased.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00130-00052566-00053156": "But even as he processed these emotions, he knew he had a long road ahead of him.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00131-00053156-00053661": "The story of Deltarune was only just beginning.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00132-00053661-00054151": "The moral of the story is that it’s important not to choke on your own ambition.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00133-00054151-00054617": "You may have a great desire to achieve huge, tremendous goals in life.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00134-00054617-00055170": "You might dream big, and get intimidated by just how much work will be required to get", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00135-00055170-00055329": "where you want to go.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00136-00055329-00055632": "Don’t give in to self-doubt.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00137-00055632-00055907": "Set yourself smaller, more manageable goals.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00138-00055907-00056510": "Break things down, and work towards your milestones one day at a time.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00139-00056510-00057069": "The road to success is often slow, and takes a lot of patience.", "1qyPLBCZ2G0-00140-00057069-00057748": "But, with enough hard work and optimism, you can see your big dreams become a reality."}}, {"audio_id": "1qz-OijQMfu", "text": {"1qz-OijQMfu-00000-00000062-00000442": "Hi, Dean Harper from Mountain View Dodge here", "1qz-OijQMfu-00001-00000442-00000629": "Thought I would do something a little different", "1qz-OijQMfu-00002-00000629-00000877": "this week for my video to you guys", "1qz-OijQMfu-00003-00000877-00000966": "because you know I love sharing", "1qz-OijQMfu-00004-00000966-00001250": "information with you guys, it's fun. I have a blast.", "1qz-OijQMfu-00005-00001250-00001642": "Today I actually have a special guest", "1qz-OijQMfu-00006-00001642-00001862": "and my special guest is", "1qz-OijQMfu-00007-00002162-00002456": "Justin Phillips who is our Finance Manager here at", "1qz-OijQMfu-00008-00002456-00002584": "Mountain View Dodge.", "1qz-OijQMfu-00009-00002585-00002922": "How ya doing guys? So Justin someone comes in to", "1qz-OijQMfu-00010-00002922-00003126": "purchase a vehicle what do they need to", "1qz-OijQMfu-00011-00003126-00003245": "know from you?", "1qz-OijQMfu-00012-00003245-00003455": "Yeah so basically how the Financing", "1qz-OijQMfu-00013-00003456-00003729": "process works here at Mountain View Dodge is we have", "1qz-OijQMfu-00014-00003729-00003860": "you come in, we have you", "1qz-OijQMfu-00015-00003861-00004146": "pick out a vehicle that you're interested in purchasing", "1qz-OijQMfu-00016-00004146-00004352": "and then if you're looking at some financing you", "1qz-OijQMfu-00017-00004352-00004614": "come and sit down with one of the business", "1qz-OijQMfu-00018-00004614-00004954": "office managers like myself or my partner Doug Roy", "1qz-OijQMfu-00019-00004954-00005202": "and what we do is we", "1qz-OijQMfu-00020-00005202-00005510": "take your personal information.  Things like", "1qz-OijQMfu-00021-00005510-00005937": "what you earn, where you live, social", "1qz-OijQMfu-00022-00005937-00006168": "insurance number things like that. Then we have a", "1qz-OijQMfu-00023-00006168-00006386": "portal to the banks and we", "1qz-OijQMfu-00024-00006387-00006718": "deal with a number of different banks and what we do", "1qz-OijQMfu-00025-00006718-00006828": "is we submit an", "1qz-OijQMfu-00026-00006828-00007353": "application on your behalf in order to get an approval", "1qz-OijQMfu-00027-00007353-00007547": "for the vehicle that", "1qz-OijQMfu-00028-00007547-00007908": "you're looking for. That's basically how that works", "1qz-OijQMfu-00029-00007908-00008238": "sit down with us for 5-10 minutes.", "1qz-OijQMfu-00030-00008238-00008367": "You don't need to make an appointment like", "1qz-OijQMfu-00031-00008367-00008604": "you would a normal banker, so that's nice", "1qz-OijQMfu-00032-00008604-00008902": "and we get that submitted in.", "1qz-OijQMfu-00033-00009078-00009266": "What kind of information would they need to bring in", "1qz-OijQMfu-00034-00009266-00009686": "with them? So it's handy to have pay", "1qz-OijQMfu-00035-00009686-00010202": "stubs if we do need proof of income or POI as the banks", "1qz-OijQMfu-00036-00010202-00010422": "refer to it.  It is good", "1qz-OijQMfu-00037-00010422-00010842": "to have your SIN number hand. It's not required by", "1qz-OijQMfu-00038-00010842-00011049": "the banks but in certain", "1qz-OijQMfu-00039-00011049-00011550": "cases, we do need it to verify you you are who you say", "1qz-OijQMfu-00040-00011550-00011765": "you are, photo ID and", "1qz-OijQMfu-00041-00011766-00012122": "then of course knowing where you live is helpfu.", "1qz-OijQMfu-00042-00012242-00012371": "Awesome thank you so much for", "1qz-OijQMfu-00043-00012371-00012474": "that information Justin.", "1qz-OijQMfu-00044-00012474-00013114": "Talk to you later everyone until then have a great time!"}}, {"audio_id": "1qCr14h-XYu", "text": {"1qCr14h-XYu-00000-00006004-00012200": "💕Golden Heart Meditation 💕", "1qCr14h-XYu-00001-00030004-00032111": "🎶Golden Heart Meditation 🎶"}}, {"audio_id": "1qICG11UIpk", "text": {"1qICG11UIpk-00000-00000150-00000350": "How to open mi account redmi note5a", "1qICG11UIpk-00001-00000350-00000664": "how to open mi account redmi note 5a ugglite"}}, {"audio_id": "1qZeucJ8v1M", "text": {"1qZeucJ8v1M-00000-00002643-00004798": "So I decided to join the competition by Ondatex. That's a Portuguese/Chinese", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00001-00004798-00005255": "brand with a network of their own shops in the Lisbon area — that's", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00002-00005255-00006142": "where I live — as well as their website URL. It was easy to join this", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00003-00006142-00006720": "competition, all I had to do was to send them one of my pictures wearing their clothing", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00004-00006720-00007466": "(I own lots) Ok, so now, until February 8th, one is able to vote on", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00005-00007466-00008097": "the contestants pictures, all it requires is a Like — so, yes, you need Facebook!", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00006-00008097-00008772": "The largest number of Likes will win and Ondatex will give you a nice voucher so that", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00007-00008772-00009395": "you can buy some clothes at their shops.", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00008-00009395-00009953": "So, of course I'm aware that this is a very basic advertising stunt, just to raise", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00009-00009953-00010621": "brand awareness. Likes mean nothing — contestants naturally ask their friends to", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00010-00010621-00011231": "vote for them. The brand knows that perfectly well and don't care about the", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00011-00011231-00011739": "quality of the pictures or the model poses .", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00012-00011739-00011897": "All that matters are the Likes.", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00013-00011897-00012994": "So, why did I choose to participate? It was a devious plan:", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00014-00012994-00013853": "Ondatex has no issue with transgendered people, and personally I'm not aware of", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00015-00013853-00014653": "any contest in my country won by a transgendered person. This is a chance to show that we are just like", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00016-00014653-00015054": "any other person; In my case I'm vain like any other woman", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00017-00015054-00015769": "(Yes, I'm vain!), I buy the same clothing that women buy on shops over here...", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00018-00015769-00016829": "BTW, Ondatex only has original pieces — so, no, you are not going to see their clothes on other shops", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00019-00016829-00017229": "If you search and find something you like, you have to grab it immediately, because it's not going to be", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00020-00017229-00017788": "available elsewhere. So... this event will give the transgender people in my country", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00021-00017788-00018304": "some visibility,  as well as showing that this network of clothes shops — like many others", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00022-00018304-00018972": "in my country — have absolutely no problem with transgender people, so therefore I'm", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00023-00018972-00020093": "doing something that I never did before: so you have to follow the link below", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00024-00020093-00021026": "That's all! There are not many contestants, so I have a pretty good chance to win.", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00025-00021026-00021865": "This is not a question of money, but of principle. If there are a lot of likes, maybe the brand", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00026-00021865-00022378": "considers the contest is a success and will do it again in the future.", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00027-00022378-00022968": "Next time, we might get more transgender people to participate! So, I really thank", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00028-00022968-00023065": "you all in advance!", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00029-00023065-00023851": "You know that I usually never do something like this, this is not my usual smoking video.", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00030-00023851-00024535": "It would be nice to win, of course, but this is more of a", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00031-00024535-00025235": "question of just participating. I place my picture on the website I usually just", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00032-00025235-00026975": "has been genetically male or female so yes the leading contestant has about two to", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00033-00026975-00027572": "three times more Likes than me. We will see what happens in the next few days. I also said that if I win I will go", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00034-00027572-00028299": "with a few of my friends to the shop and go", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00035-00028299-00028975": "through all the racks and grab lots and lots of clothes there, and, if they allow it,", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00036-00028975-00030172": "we will take pictures of us. So, thank you so", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00037-00030172-00030902": "much —  you have only to place your Like, it just takes 30 seconds of your time to go", "1qZeucJ8v1M-00038-00030902-00031132": "to their page and do that."}}, {"audio_id": "1rfZo-feVig", "text": {"1rfZo-feVig-00000-00000087-00000371": "WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE, I'M PETTY OFFICER JONATHAN PANKAU.", "1rfZo-feVig-00001-00000386-00000556": "THESE ARE YOUR HEADLINES FROM AROUND THE FLEET.", "1rfZo-feVig-00002-00000596-00001076": "SAILORS AND MARINES ARE PARTICIPATING IN EXERCISE BOLD ALLIGATOR 2014 ON THE EASTERN SEABOARD.", "1rfZo-feVig-00003-00001110-00001560": "THE TWO WEEK LONG EXERCISE IS THE LARGEST COMBINED NAVAL EXERCISE ON THE ATLANTIC COAST.", "1rfZo-feVig-00004-00001594-00002110": "BOLD ALLIGATOR TESTS AMPHIBIOUS AND MARITIME OPERATIONS WHILE WORKING WITH COALITION, NATO,", "1rfZo-feVig-00005-00002118-00002284": "ALLIED AND PARTNER NATIONS.", "1rfZo-feVig-00006-00002320-00002530": "THE EXERCISE WILL CONTINUE THROUGH NOVEMBER 10TH.", "1rfZo-feVig-00007-00002610-00003050": "NAVAL AVIATORS RECEIVING INCENTIVE AND HAZARD DUTY PAY FOR FLYING, ARE NOW REQUIRED TO SUBMIT", "1rfZo-feVig-00008-00003050-00003290": "THEIR FLIGHT HOURS EACH MONTH TO KEEP THEIR SPECIAL PAY.", "1rfZo-feVig-00009-00003322-00003669": "A NEW NAVADMIN REQUIRES THESE AVIATORS TO SUBMIT THEIR FLIGHT HOURS TO THEIR SPECIAL", "1rfZo-feVig-00010-00003669-00003973": "PAY PROGRAM MANAGERS AT NAVY PERSONNEL COMMAND.", "1rfZo-feVig-00011-00003973-00004367": "COMMANDING OFFICERS AND OTHER REPORTING SENIORS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR VERIFYING THE ACCURACY", "1rfZo-feVig-00012-00004367-00004467": "OF THESE REPORTS."}}, {"audio_id": "1rmRBxGLP20", "text": {"1rmRBxGLP20-00000-00000000-00000200": "22621.675"}}, {"audio_id": "1rb8mciY7sQ", "text": {"1rb8mciY7sQ-00000-00000136-00000342": "Corbin Raymond: We are actually in CPUT now.", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00001-00000342-00000699": "We’re busy working on the artwork that we will be exhibiting in Namibia.", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00002-00000699-00001213": "This project is very dependent on participation and it actually draws a lot of people and", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00003-00001213-00001555": "expertise from people from different backgrounds, different disciplines", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00004-00001555-00001869": "01.27: Sebastian Bosman Participation is massive because you cannot", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00005-00001869-00002062": "design for someone if you don’t know who that person is.", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00006-00002062-00002346": "01:32 Corbin: We can influence people that we come across", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00007-00002346-00002755": "along the way, and along the way people can influence us as well.", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00008-00002755-00003095": "01:40: Johan So the participatory design conference held", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00009-00003095-00003418": "in Namibia this year is about climate change.", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00010-00003418-00003906": "We’ve found that the tiger fish was the best representation of that, being a fish", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00011-00003906-00004072": "that is becoming endangered.", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00012-00004072-00004326": "It’s losing its space due to climate change.", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00013-00004326-00004619": "02:04 Students working on fish in studio I’m busy welding a frame here which the", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00014-00004619-00004719": "fish is going to be sitting in.", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00015-00004719-00004968": "Francois de Flamingh What we’ve done now is to attach the spine", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00016-00004968-00005576": "to the alive side - the alive side is on the other side - so that we can suspend it to", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00017-00005576-00005728": "that box over there.", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00018-00005728-00005858": "02: 32 Tiles: People can actually walk over the cracks and", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00019-00005858-00006082": "then each student will have 2 tiles on which they will write a story on to get the audience", "1rb8mciY7sQ-00020-00006082-00006151": "to actually participate in the design."}}, {"audio_id": "1s23md3zJTo", "text": {"1s23md3zJTo-00000-00000658-00001487": "[Clifford]: Welcome, everybody, to the Spring 2019 CNI Member Meeting.", "1s23md3zJTo-00001-00001487-00002259": "We have a great turnout this year and I'm delighted to see you all here and to welcome", "1s23md3zJTo-00002-00002259-00002805": "you, or in some cases welcome you back, to St. Louis.", "1s23md3zJTo-00003-00002805-00003600": "Long-time attendees will remember that we did, in fact, meet at this very hotel about", "1s23md3zJTo-00004-00003600-00004173": "five or six years ago, and it's nice to be back here.", "1s23md3zJTo-00005-00004173-00004964": "Let me add a special welcome to our international attendees.", "1s23md3zJTo-00006-00004964-00005661": "That is not getting any easier, but it's wonderful that you all were able to make it here and", "1s23md3zJTo-00007-00005661-00005876": "join us.", "1s23md3zJTo-00008-00005876-00006089": "It's been quite a morning so far.", "1s23md3zJTo-00009-00006089-00006845": "I'll note, we've had two rounds of our executive roundtable, one yesterday afternoon and one", "1s23md3zJTo-00010-00006845-00007572": "this morning, look at institutional strategies for migration to the cloud, and we'll be producing", "1s23md3zJTo-00011-00007572-00008103": "a report of that, hopefully in the next month or two, and I think you'll find that very", "1s23md3zJTo-00012-00008103-00008682": "interesting reading based on our conversations the last two days.", "1s23md3zJTo-00013-00008682-00009688": "With that, I want to get on to why we're really all here, and it's a tremendous pleasure for", "1s23md3zJTo-00014-00009688-00010331": "me to be able to welcome Kathleen Fitzpatrick.", "1s23md3zJTo-00015-00010331-00011150": "I got to know her back when she was at the Modern Language Association, where she undertook", "1s23md3zJTo-00016-00011150-00012161": "the monumental and monumentally difficult task of trying to genuinely get the MLA to", "1s23md3zJTo-00017-00012161-00012850": "grapple with the fact that scholarly communication is transitioning into a digital world, with", "1s23md3zJTo-00018-00012850-00013259": "all that that implies.", "1s23md3zJTo-00019-00013259-00013936": "Just being willing to step up and say, “I'm going to take that on,” it's a pretty breathtaking", "1s23md3zJTo-00020-00013936-00014809": "undertaking, and I can see she's laughing a little bit, but anybody willing to take", "1s23md3zJTo-00021-00014809-00015345": "that on has my unmitigated admiration.", "1s23md3zJTo-00022-00015345-00015943": "She is now a professor of English and the Director of Digital Humanities at Michigan", "1s23md3zJTo-00023-00015943-00017040": "State University, and she's very recently published a lovely book, which you may have", "1s23md3zJTo-00024-00017040-00018046": "read some about in the Higher Education Press, with the beautiful title of Generous Thinking.", "1s23md3zJTo-00025-00018046-00018704": "It's worth noting, by the way, in one of these interesting coincidences, that it's published", "1s23md3zJTo-00026-00018704-00019704": "by Johns Hopkins University Press, which is itself a CNI member separate from Johns Hopkins", "1s23md3zJTo-00027-00019704-00019948": "University.", "1s23md3zJTo-00028-00019948-00020689": "And they are actually raffling off a couple of copies of the book and there's stuff on", "1s23md3zJTo-00029-00020689-00021497": "Twitter about that if you're interested, but just the sort of closed circle there is kind", "1s23md3zJTo-00030-00021497-00021804": "of wonderful.", "1s23md3zJTo-00031-00021804-00022763": "I'm not going to try and describe Generous Thinking, because Kathleen will do that far", "1s23md3zJTo-00032-00022763-00023773": "more competently than I can, other than to note that it feels like sometimes there are", "1s23md3zJTo-00033-00023773-00024632": "ideas that are just finding their time, and one of them is this idea of collective and", "1s23md3zJTo-00034-00024632-00025481": "collaborative action as a way to deal with problems that seem to be intractable when", "1s23md3zJTo-00035-00025481-00026261": "you're dealing with them from narrow individual or institutional advantage perspectives.", "1s23md3zJTo-00036-00026261-00027445": "And I think that the recognition of that spirit and that time is very much part of what I", "1s23md3zJTo-00037-00027445-00027850": "believe Kathleen is going to talk to us about today.", "1s23md3zJTo-00038-00027850-00028633": "And with that, please join me in welcoming Kathleen.", "1s23md3zJTo-00039-00028633-00029249": "[Kathleen]: Thank you so much.", "1s23md3zJTo-00040-00029249-00029813": "I want to start today by thanking Cliff and the rest of the CNI team for inviting me to", "1s23md3zJTo-00041-00029813-00030164": "talk with you today and for getting me here.", "1s23md3zJTo-00042-00030164-00030722": "I'm really looking forward, as always, to the conversations that develop over the course", "1s23md3zJTo-00043-00030722-00031095": "of today and tomorrow.", "1s23md3zJTo-00044-00031095-00031687": "Much of the talk ahead does grow out of the work that I did in my recent book, Generous", "1s23md3zJTo-00045-00031687-00032150": "Thinking: A Radical Approach to Saving the University.", "1s23md3zJTo-00046-00032150-00032893": "The book overall makes the argument that rebuilding a relationship of trust between the university", "1s23md3zJTo-00047-00032893-00033605": "and the public that it ostensibly serves is going to require re-grounding our institutions", "1s23md3zJTo-00048-00033605-00034269": "and the work that we do in them, in a mode of what I refer to as “generous thinking”", "1s23md3zJTo-00049-00034269-00034875": "- focusing our practices and our modes of communicating around building community and", "1s23md3zJTo-00050-00034875-00035436": "solidarity, both on campus and across our campus borders.", "1s23md3zJTo-00051-00035436-00036088": "Now the \"radical approach\" part of the book’s subtitle grows out of my increasing sense", "1s23md3zJTo-00052-00036088-00036750": "that this necessary change is a huge one, that it can't be made incrementally, and that", "1s23md3zJTo-00053-00036750-00037408": "instead it requires, as Chris Newfield notes in the conclusion of The Great Mistake, a", "1s23md3zJTo-00054-00037408-00038105": "paradigm shift, because there is no route, no approach, no tool that can get us from", "1s23md3zJTo-00055-00038105-00038466": "where we are today to where we need to be.", "1s23md3zJTo-00056-00038466-00038997": "As Tressie McMillan Cottom has noted of the crisis that she has seen growing in higher", "1s23md3zJTo-00057-00038997-00039734": "education today, \"This is not a problem for technological innovation or a market product.", "1s23md3zJTo-00058-00039734-00039997": "This requires politics.\"", "1s23md3zJTo-00059-00039997-00040390": "Now the problem, after all, begins with politics.", "1s23md3zJTo-00060-00040390-00041090": "The American public university that not too long ago served as a highly accessible engine", "1s23md3zJTo-00061-00041090-00041786": "of social mobility, making a rich, liberal arts-based education broadly available, has", "1s23md3zJTo-00062-00041786-00042018": "been utterly undone.", "1s23md3zJTo-00063-00042018-00042702": "We are facing today not just the drastic reduction in that institution’s affordability, but", "1s23md3zJTo-00064-00042702-00043496": "an increasing threat to its very public orientation, as rampant privatization not only shifts the", "1s23md3zJTo-00065-00043496-00044203": "burden of paying for higher education from the state to individual students and families,", "1s23md3zJTo-00066-00044203-00044840": "but also turns the work of the institution from the creation of a shared social good,", "1s23md3zJTo-00067-00044840-00045600": "a broadly-educated public, to the production of market-oriented individual benefit.", "1s23md3zJTo-00068-00045600-00046347": "And all the while, we are also facing what Inside Higher Ed recently recorded as a larger-than-typical", "1s23md3zJTo-00069-00046347-00046928": "decline in confidence in American institution in a relatively short time period.", "1s23md3zJTo-00070-00046928-00047615": "And this falling confidence cannot simply be dismissed as evidence of an increasingly", "1s23md3zJTo-00071-00047615-00048303": "entrenched anti-intellectualism in American life - though, of course, without doubt that,", "1s23md3zJTo-00072-00048303-00048987": "too - but rather must be understood as evidence that, as I argue in the last chapter of Generous", "1s23md3zJTo-00073-00048987-00049637": "Thinking, higher education has for several decades been operating simultaneously under", "1s23md3zJTo-00074-00049637-00049911": "two conflicting paradigms.", "1s23md3zJTo-00075-00049911-00050575": "On the one hand, an older paradigm, largely operative within the academic community, in", "1s23md3zJTo-00076-00050575-00051068": "which the university serves as a producer and disseminator of knowledge.", "1s23md3zJTo-00077-00051068-00051622": "And on the other hand, a more recent one, in which the university serves as a producer", "1s23md3zJTo-00078-00051622-00052021": "and disseminator of market-oriented credentials.", "1s23md3zJTo-00079-00052021-00052653": "Now the crisis in higher education today stems both from the incommensurability of these", "1s23md3zJTo-00080-00052653-00053322": "two paradigms and from the fact that both of them are failing in different ways.", "1s23md3zJTo-00081-00053322-00053886": "Now, as Thomas Kuhn noted in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, the failure of", "1s23md3zJTo-00082-00053886-00054529": "a scientific paradigm, as it becomes beset by anomalies for which the paradigm cannot", "1s23md3zJTo-00083-00054529-00055088": "account, throws the community that relies on that paradigm into crisis.", "1s23md3zJTo-00084-00055088-00055774": "And the resolution of that crisis requires the discovery of a new model entirely, one", "1s23md3zJTo-00085-00055774-00056351": "that can reorder the work done by the community and draw it out of what he describes as the", "1s23md3zJTo-00086-00056351-00056991": "period of pronounced professional insecurity that appears when normal science ceases to", "1s23md3zJTo-00087-00056991-00057208": "function normally.", "1s23md3zJTo-00088-00057208-00057838": "This crisis can only be resolved in Kuhn’s model by what he famously called a “paradigm", "1s23md3zJTo-00089-00057838-00058483": "shift,” the cataclysmic transformation from one way of understanding how science operates", "1s23md3zJTo-00090-00058483-00058637": "to another.", "1s23md3zJTo-00091-00058637-00059263": "And my argument is that we are precisely in need of such a paradigm shift if higher education", "1s23md3zJTo-00092-00059263-00059629": "as we want it to be is to survive.", "1s23md3zJTo-00093-00059629-00060064": "So Generous Thinking explores this problem from a number of different angles.", "1s23md3zJTo-00094-00060064-00060722": "I'm asking all of us who care about the future of higher education – faculty, staff, administrators,", "1s23md3zJTo-00095-00060722-00061371": "students, parents, policymakers, trustees, and more – to reorient our thinking about", "1s23md3zJTo-00096-00061371-00061966": "the work of the university from the creation of individual benefit, grounded in all of", "1s23md3zJTo-00097-00061966-00062695": "the competition that structures every aspect of life in contemporary institutions of higher", "1s23md3zJTo-00098-00062695-00063372": "education, to instead focus on the university's role in building community.", "1s23md3zJTo-00099-00063372-00063935": "So some of my thoughts here today grow out of this aspect of Generous Thinking, but some", "1s23md3zJTo-00100-00063935-00064604": "stem more pragmatically from my work over the last few years working on Humanities Commons,", "1s23md3zJTo-00101-00064604-00065154": "which is a nonprofit, community-developed and -governed network serving humanities scholars", "1s23md3zJTo-00102-00065154-00065426": "and organizations.", "1s23md3zJTo-00103-00065426-00065969": "Humanities Commons attempts to instantiate several of the arguments of Generous Thinking", "1s23md3zJTo-00104-00065969-00066618": "– first, that higher education, along with the individual scholars and instructors engaged", "1s23md3zJTo-00105-00066618-00067237": "in it, will benefit from all of us doing more of our work in public, where the publics that", "1s23md3zJTo-00106-00067237-00067813": "we need to support our institutions can begin to see the significance of what it is that", "1s23md3zJTo-00107-00067813-00067949": "we do.", "1s23md3zJTo-00108-00067949-00068593": "And second, that institutions of higher education must do everything they can to resist and", "1s23md3zJTo-00109-00068593-00069225": "reverse the privatization that has overtaken them, restoring service to the public good,", "1s23md3zJTo-00110-00069225-00069651": "not just to their mission statements but to their actual missions.", "1s23md3zJTo-00111-00069651-00070412": "Now only this return to a fully public orientation, even among those institutions that we call", "1s23md3zJTo-00112-00070412-00071088": "private, can allow us to build the kind of community that can sustain them.", "1s23md3zJTo-00113-00071088-00071726": "And part of resisting privatization, both for scholars and for their institutions, involves", "1s23md3zJTo-00114-00071726-00072296": "turning away from some of the externally developed and deployed systems on which we have become", "1s23md3zJTo-00115-00072296-00073037": "dependent, and instead reserving our investments and our labor for systems and platforms and", "1s23md3zJTo-00116-00073037-00073763": "infrastructures whose missions genuinely align with our own, whose values mirror our own,", "1s23md3zJTo-00117-00073763-00074100": "and to whose governance we can contribute.", "1s23md3zJTo-00118-00074100-00074610": "We need collectively to turn our attention to developing the shared, publicly oriented", "1s23md3zJTo-00119-00074610-00075229": "systems that we can count on to support us as we develop new modes of open knowledge", "1s23md3zJTo-00120-00075229-00075931": "sharing, modes that might help higher education return to its mission of public service.", "1s23md3zJTo-00121-00075931-00076520": "But developing this form of community-supported infrastructure will require some careful thinking", "1s23md3zJTo-00122-00076520-00077005": "about the relationships required to build and maintain it and the work that will be", "1s23md3zJTo-00123-00077005-00077376": "necessary to make it sustainable.", "1s23md3zJTo-00124-00077376-00078026": "The stories that I'm about to tell are ones with which all of you are much too familiar,", "1s23md3zJTo-00125-00078026-00078526": "and in many cases with which you are far more intimately familiar than I am.", "1s23md3zJTo-00126-00078526-00079027": "I hope you'll forgive this; my usual audiences when I'm talking about this stuff are scholars", "1s23md3zJTo-00127-00079027-00079655": "and administrators who don't always have a clear sense of why community-supported infrastructure", "1s23md3zJTo-00128-00079655-00080189": "might matter, and the examples that I'm about to cite help make that importance clearer.", "1s23md3zJTo-00129-00080189-00080707": "So little moment of preaching to the choir and then I'll move on.", "1s23md3zJTo-00130-00080707-00081186": "Though the issues that I'm discussing, of course, long predate this particular moment,", "1s23md3zJTo-00131-00081186-00081804": "they came into stark visibility in August 2017 when bepress announced that it had been", "1s23md3zJTo-00132-00081804-00082502": "purchased by the RELX group, the multinational parent company of publishing behemoth Elsevier.", "1s23md3zJTo-00133-00082502-00083173": "Now bepress had, of course, been founded in 1999 by two members of the faculty of UC Berkeley's", "1s23md3zJTo-00134-00083173-00083781": "Law School in order to provide open access publishing and repository services to institutions", "1s23md3zJTo-00135-00083781-00083948": "of higher education.", "1s23md3zJTo-00136-00083948-00084566": "So bepress grew out of the academy, and it was widely seen as operating with the academy's", "1s23md3zJTo-00137-00084566-00084782": "values at heart.", "1s23md3zJTo-00138-00084782-00085485": "As the bepress website notes, over 500 institutions have purchased bepress services in order to", "1s23md3zJTo-00139-00085485-00086100": "disseminate and preserve the work being done on their campuses in openly accessible ways.", "1s23md3zJTo-00140-00086100-00086725": "And in one fell swoop, those 500 institutions discovered that they were now effectively", "1s23md3zJTo-00141-00086725-00087347": "paying Elsevier for the ability to provide an open alternative to the increasingly monopolistic", "1s23md3zJTo-00142-00087347-00088541": "scholarly communication channels owned by corporate publishing behemoths such as Elsevier.", "1s23md3zJTo-00143-00088541-00089442": "So what had served for years as a key piece of scholarly infrastructure built and run", "1s23md3zJTo-00144-00089442-00090051": "by academics for the academic community appeared to have been turned on that community.", "1s23md3zJTo-00145-00090051-00090599": "I mean, it's not as though anyone had been unaware that bepress was a commercial service", "1s23md3zJTo-00146-00090599-00091181": "all along, but they were one of the good guys, and the costs of outsourcing infrastructural", "1s23md3zJTo-00147-00091181-00091803": "needs to them had been balanced against the often impossible task of maintaining locally", "1s23md3zJTo-00148-00091803-00092142": "hosted repository and publishing systems.", "1s23md3zJTo-00149-00092142-00092792": "So bepress provided what many saw as best-of-breed functionality at a reasonable price, and it", "1s23md3zJTo-00150-00092792-00093408": "supported libraries' desire to connect the gathering and preservation of research materials", "1s23md3zJTo-00151-00093408-00093863": "with the ability to make them openly available to the world.", "1s23md3zJTo-00152-00093863-00094561": "But the acquisition of bepress by RELX not only put libraries in the position of unintentionally", "1s23md3zJTo-00153-00094561-00095249": "supporting a growing corporate control, not just of scholarly publishing but of the entirety", "1s23md3zJTo-00154-00095249-00095897": "of the research workflow, from discovery through production to communication, and it also left", "1s23md3zJTo-00155-00095897-00096498": "those libraries anxious about their fundamental ability to control the infrastructures on", "1s23md3zJTo-00156-00096498-00097187": "which they rely, in promoting greater public access to scholarship produced on their campuses.", "1s23md3zJTo-00157-00097187-00097900": "So as a result, serious conversations have since focused on means of supporting open-source,", "1s23md3zJTo-00158-00097900-00098280": "academy-owned and -controlled infrastructure.", "1s23md3zJTo-00159-00098280-00098908": "This is not an impossible move by any stretch, but it's harder than it might sound.", "1s23md3zJTo-00160-00098908-00099568": "Long-standing, open access, open infrastructure projects like arXiv might suggest some possible", "1s23md3zJTo-00161-00099568-00099825": "areas of concern.", "1s23md3zJTo-00162-00099825-00100472": "By every reasonable measure, arXiv has been exemplary - in its uptake, its independence,", "1s23md3zJTo-00163-00100472-00100945": "and in the ways that it has helped to transform the fields that it serves.", "1s23md3zJTo-00164-00100945-00101623": "But in some crucial ways, arXiv has experienced what can only be called catastrophic success", "1s23md3zJTo-00165-00101623-00102384": "- a crucial, paradigm-shifting project whose growing annual operating costs and mounting", "1s23md3zJTo-00166-00102384-00102977": "infrastructural requirements have demanded increasingly creative mechanisms for the platform's", "1s23md3zJTo-00167-00102977-00103130": "support.", "1s23md3zJTo-00168-00103130-00103722": "So in 2010, the arXiv team at Cornell began the challenging process of building the coalition", "1s23md3zJTo-00169-00103722-00104106": "of libraries willing to work together to support the resource.", "1s23md3zJTo-00170-00104106-00104773": "But our institutions, as we unfortunately know, are largely unaccustomed to this work", "1s23md3zJTo-00171-00104773-00105075": "of cross-institutional collaboration.", "1s23md3zJTo-00172-00105075-00105891": "For one thing, they're far more prone to understand a resource like this as terrain for competition,", "1s23md3zJTo-00173-00105891-00106492": "and for another, the community-building required becomes yet another form of labor added on", "1s23md3zJTo-00174-00106492-00106936": "top of maintaining the resources themselves.", "1s23md3zJTo-00175-00106936-00107500": "I do not know the extent to which such difficulties may have played a role in arXiv’s recent", "1s23md3zJTo-00176-00107500-00107932": "move from the library to Cornell Computing and Information Science.", "1s23md3zJTo-00177-00107932-00108490": "It's entirely likely that the move is a matter of infrastructural pragmatics.", "1s23md3zJTo-00178-00108490-00109050": "But even so, the challenges of maintaining the kinds of cross-institutional coalition", "1s23md3zJTo-00179-00109050-00109572": "necessary to sustain such a crucial resource remain.", "1s23md3zJTo-00180-00109572-00110251": "Another project with a different narrative might be found in the Samvera project.", "1s23md3zJTo-00181-00110251-00110747": "Recognizing that no single institution could possibly develop the full suite of systems", "1s23md3zJTo-00182-00110747-00111354": "on which institutional repositories today rely, developers at a number of institutions", "1s23md3zJTo-00183-00111354-00111744": "have come together to create a collective solution.", "1s23md3zJTo-00184-00111744-00112312": "As the proverb and their website have it, \"If you want to go far, go together.\"", "1s23md3zJTo-00185-00112312-00112926": "But this distributed developer community - like all such communities - has faced some challenges", "1s23md3zJTo-00186-00112926-00113528": "in coordination, challenges that have caused it - as the proverb also reminds us - to go", "1s23md3zJTo-00187-00113528-00113824": "more slowly than it might.", "1s23md3zJTo-00188-00113824-00114425": "Ensuring the ongoing commitment, not just of the individual developers involved in the", "1s23md3zJTo-00189-00114425-00115091": "project, but of the institutions for which the developers actually work, is not an easy", "1s23md3zJTo-00190-00115091-00115236": "matter.", "1s23md3zJTo-00191-00115236-00115859": "So the foundation of the challenges that arXiv and Samvera have faced is the same challenge", "1s23md3zJTo-00192-00115859-00116394": "faced by any number of other projects and programs and initiatives: sustainability.", "1s23md3zJTo-00193-00116394-00116893": "Now this is an issue I've been thinking a fair bit about of late, as my colleagues and", "1s23md3zJTo-00194-00116893-00117407": "I have been working to ensure that Humanities Commons might be able to thrive well into", "1s23md3zJTo-00195-00117407-00117580": "the future.", "1s23md3zJTo-00196-00117580-00118065": "And these attempts have in turn been encouraged by the funders and other organizations that", "1s23md3zJTo-00197-00118065-00118330": "have supported the network's development to this point.", "1s23md3zJTo-00198-00118330-00118954": "They, too, would like to see the network thrive, but they can't support it indefinitely.", "1s23md3zJTo-00199-00118954-00119478": "We need, they reasonably suggest, a plan for demonstrating that the network will, at some", "1s23md3zJTo-00200-00119478-00119813": "point in the future, be able to support itself.", "1s23md3zJTo-00201-00119813-00120525": "Now, sustainability of this sort is tied up in revenue models, in business plans, in cost", "1s23md3zJTo-00202-00120525-00120713": "recovery.", "1s23md3zJTo-00203-00120713-00121332": "Sustainability is for a nonprofit entity forever tied to the kinds of economic concerns that", "1s23md3zJTo-00204-00121332-00122025": "are often very divergent from, if not at odds with, the nonprofit's primary mission.", "1s23md3zJTo-00205-00122025-00122699": "And as a result, those nonprofits remain forever precarious; one small miscalculation can make", "1s23md3zJTo-00206-00122699-00123047": "the difference between survival and collapse.", "1s23md3zJTo-00207-00123047-00123557": "But sustainability broadly understood extends to domains beyond the economic.", "1s23md3zJTo-00208-00123557-00124125": "There is, of course, environmental sustainability, in which we attempt to ensure that more resources", "1s23md3zJTo-00209-00124125-00124701": "aren't consumed, or waste produced, than can be developed or managed in the near term.", "1s23md3zJTo-00210-00124701-00125269": "There's technological sustainability, in which we attempt to ensure that projects conform", "1s23md3zJTo-00211-00125269-00126001": "to commonly accepted standards that will enable those projects’ future stability and growth.", "1s23md3zJTo-00212-00126001-00126573": "And all of these forms of sustainability are important, to varying degrees, to providing", "1s23md3zJTo-00213-00126573-00126997": "for the future of nonprofit and open-source projects.", "1s23md3zJTo-00214-00126997-00127551": "But there's another form that I think gets a good bit less attention, and that I increasingly", "1s23md3zJTo-00215-00127551-00128199": "believe precedes economic or environmental or technical sustainability, and that's social", "1s23md3zJTo-00216-00128199-00128376": "sustainability.", "1s23md3zJTo-00217-00128376-00129086": "The social aspect points not just to the determination of a group of people to support a particular", "1s23md3zJTo-00218-00129086-00129528": "project, but to the determination of those people to support their group-ness.", "1s23md3zJTo-00219-00129528-00130183": "Not just to their commitment to the thing they're doing together, but their commitment", "1s23md3zJTo-00220-00130183-00130579": "to the concept of together in the first place.", "1s23md3zJTo-00221-00130579-00131229": "And ensuring those commitments are sustained is, I increasingly think, a necessary precondition", "1s23md3zJTo-00222-00131229-00131736": "for the other kinds of sustainability that we're hoping to work toward.", "1s23md3zJTo-00223-00131736-00132424": "So this notion, of the role of community in community-supported software and of the best", "1s23md3zJTo-00224-00132424-00133036": "ways of building and sustaining it, raises the key question of what it is we mean when", "1s23md3zJTo-00225-00133036-00133255": "we talk about community.", "1s23md3zJTo-00226-00133255-00133884": "As Miranda Joseph argues in Against the Romance of Community, the concept is often invoked", "1s23md3zJTo-00227-00133884-00134484": "as a placeholder for something that exists outside the dominant economic and institutional", "1s23md3zJTo-00228-00134484-00135165": "structures of contemporary life, a set of ostensibly organic, felt relationships that", "1s23md3zJTo-00229-00135165-00135774": "harken back to a mythical, pre-modern moment, in which people lived and worked in direct", "1s23md3zJTo-00230-00135774-00136329": "connection with one another without the mediating forces of capitalism.", "1s23md3zJTo-00231-00136329-00137047": "Now community is in this sense, in Benedict Anderson sense, an imagined relationship,", "1s23md3zJTo-00232-00137047-00137632": "and even an imaginary one, as its invocation is designed to yoke together bodies whose", "1s23md3zJTo-00233-00137632-00138036": "existence as a group is largely constructed.", "1s23md3zJTo-00234-00138036-00138735": "It's a concept often used both idealistically and as a form of discipline, a claim of unity", "1s23md3zJTo-00235-00138735-00139224": "that smooths over and thus suppresses internal difference and disagreement.", "1s23md3zJTo-00236-00139224-00140028": "And, as Joseph points out, the notion of community is often deployed as if the relationships", "1s23md3zJTo-00237-00140028-00140616": "that it describes could provide an antidote to or an escape from the problems created", "1s23md3zJTo-00238-00140616-00140953": "by contemporary political and economic life.", "1s23md3zJTo-00239-00140953-00141541": "But this suggestion serves to distract us, she says, from the supplementary role that", "1s23md3zJTo-00240-00141541-00142134": "community, in fact, actually serves with respect to capitalism, sort of filling its gaps and", "1s23md3zJTo-00241-00142134-00142837": "smoothing over its flaws in ways that permit it to function without real opposition.", "1s23md3zJTo-00242-00142837-00143413": "So we call upon the community to support projects that the dominant institutions of the mainstream", "1s23md3zJTo-00243-00143413-00143632": "economy will not.", "1s23md3zJTo-00244-00143632-00144226": "And this is how we end up with social network-based fundraising campaigns to support people facing", "1s23md3zJTo-00245-00144226-00144805": "major health crises rather than demanding universal healthcare, and elementary school", "1s23md3zJTo-00246-00144805-00145204": "bake sales rather than full funding for education.", "1s23md3zJTo-00247-00145204-00145827": "So community becomes, in this sense, an alibi for the creeping privatization of what should", "1s23md3zJTo-00248-00145827-00146736": "be social responsibilities.", "1s23md3zJTo-00249-00146736-00147249": "So it's important to be careful in issuing calls to build community.", "1s23md3zJTo-00250-00147249-00147817": "Calls like these, issued uncritically, not only run the risk of enabling the institutions", "1s23md3zJTo-00251-00147817-00148372": "that structure contemporary life to absolve themselves of responsibilities for public", "1s23md3zJTo-00252-00148372-00149011": "care, but they also risk essentializing a highly complex and intersectional set of social", "1s23md3zJTo-00253-00149011-00149504": "relations, sort of treating those relations as if they were a single, simple thing.", "1s23md3zJTo-00254-00149504-00150090": "But at the same time, there are some important uses for the notion of community that remain,", "1s23md3zJTo-00255-00150090-00150610": "uses that might benefit from an analogy to Gayatri Spivak's \"strategic essentialism,\"", "1s23md3zJTo-00256-00150610-00151217": "and in these uses we might simultaneously recognize that our calls to community are", "1s23md3zJTo-00257-00151217-00151951": "flawed and, in fact, impossible, but nonetheless useful as organizing tools.", "1s23md3zJTo-00258-00151951-00152476": "We might thus begin to think of the call to community, not as an invocation of some kind", "1s23md3zJTo-00259-00152476-00153223": "of organic unity, but instead as a form of coalition building, a developing solidarity.", "1s23md3zJTo-00260-00153223-00153697": "Now solidarity itself is a challenged concept, of course; there are some important questions", "1s23md3zJTo-00261-00153697-00154175": "to be asked about solidarity with whom and for whom.", "1s23md3zJTo-00262-00154175-00154709": "Women of color, for instance, have noted the extent to which white feminist appeals to", "1s23md3zJTo-00263-00154709-00155424": "solidarity reinforce white supremacy, demanding that black women put the issue of race aside", "1s23md3zJTo-00264-00155424-00156032": "in favor of a gender-based unity that overwhelmingly serves white women’s interests, leading", "1s23md3zJTo-00265-00156032-00156625": "author Mikki Kendall to establish the Twitter hashtag #SolidarityIsForWhiteWomen.", "1s23md3zJTo-00266-00156625-00157163": "So I don't want to make it sound as though solidarity can serve as an unproblematic substitute", "1s23md3zJTo-00267-00157163-00157774": "for community, but I remain convinced that there are stronger forms of solidarity to", "1s23md3zJTo-00268-00157774-00158504": "be found, forms that do not demand that individuals seeking redress for institutionalized injustices", "1s23md3zJTo-00269-00158504-00159039": "drop their issues and get in line, but that instead recognize that the issues of those", "1s23md3zJTo-00270-00159039-00159542": "individuals are all of our issues, too, and that we must stand together in support of", "1s23md3zJTo-00271-00159542-00159913": "needs that may not necessarily seem to be our own.", "1s23md3zJTo-00272-00159913-00160524": "And this is the form of solidarity that I'm seeking, a form that I am convinced is a necessary", "1s23md3zJTo-00273-00160524-00161232": "prerequisite for successful sustainable development of nonprofit, open-source, community-owned", "1s23md3zJTo-00274-00161232-00161488": "networks and platforms.", "1s23md3zJTo-00275-00161488-00161674": "So what's the connection?", "1s23md3zJTo-00276-00161674-00162200": "For me, sustainability and solidarity connect through the work of Elinor Ostrom.", "1s23md3zJTo-00277-00162200-00163057": "So Ostrom was not just, as the UBS Nobel Perspectives website has it, the first female Nobel Laureate", "1s23md3zJTo-00278-00163057-00163639": "in Economics; she remains to date the only female laureate in the field.", "1s23md3zJTo-00279-00163639-00164054": "Her work focused on common pool resource management.", "1s23md3zJTo-00280-00164054-00164647": "She argued fiercely against the conventional wisdom that the so-called tragedy of the commons", "1s23md3zJTo-00281-00164647-00165345": "was an inevitability, insisting that community-based systems and structures for ensuring those", "1s23md3zJTo-00282-00165345-00165970": "resources’ sustainability were possible, provided the right modes of self-organization", "1s23md3zJTo-00283-00165970-00166284": "and self-governance were in place.", "1s23md3zJTo-00284-00166284-00166933": "So it's important to focus just a bit on what's meant by the notion of common-pool resources.", "1s23md3zJTo-00285-00166933-00167450": "Resources are generally understood by economists to fall into one of four categories based", "1s23md3zJTo-00286-00167450-00168091": "on whether they are excludable, whether individuals can be prevented from using them, and whether", "1s23md3zJTo-00287-00168091-00168632": "they are rivalrous, whether one individual’s use precludes another’s.", "1s23md3zJTo-00288-00168632-00169269": "So public goods are those resources that are both non-excludable and non-rivalrous, meaning", "1s23md3zJTo-00289-00169269-00169854": "no one can be prevented from using them and no one's use reduces its availability for", "1s23md3zJTo-00290-00169854-00170046": "use by others.", "1s23md3zJTo-00291-00170046-00170640": "By contrast, private goods are both excludable and rivalrous; they can be restricted for", "1s23md3zJTo-00292-00170640-00171233": "use by paying customers, and their consumption by one customer can diminish its availability", "1s23md3zJTo-00293-00171233-00171396": "for another.", "1s23md3zJTo-00294-00171396-00171985": "These private goods are market-based products, typically produced and distributed for profit.", "1s23md3zJTo-00295-00171985-00172578": "Club goods are those that are excludable but non-rivalrous, those that are restricted to", "1s23md3zJTo-00296-00172578-00173144": "paying customers, but not diminished by any one customer’s use.", "1s23md3zJTo-00297-00173144-00174102": "And finally, goods that are non-excludable but rivalrous are often referred to as common-pool", "1s23md3zJTo-00298-00174102-00174735": "resources, and it is those resources to which the tragedy of the commons, the overuse of", "1s23md3zJTo-00299-00174735-00175096": "shared natural resources, can apply.", "1s23md3zJTo-00300-00175096-00175624": "Now at the root of the tragedy of the commons lies the free-rider problem, which derives", "1s23md3zJTo-00301-00175624-00176175": "from the assumption that when individuals cannot be prevented from using commonly held", "1s23md3zJTo-00302-00176175-00176819": "resources but also cannot be compelled to contribute to them, some number of individuals", "1s23md3zJTo-00303-00176819-00177304": "will avail themselves of the resources without contributing to their support.", "1s23md3zJTo-00304-00177304-00177836": "And as the number of free-riders grows, the resources are prone to overuse and eventually", "1s23md3zJTo-00305-00177836-00178028": "become unsustainable.", "1s23md3zJTo-00306-00178028-00178671": "So the only means imagined to help prevent the tragedy of the commons before Ostrom was", "1s23md3zJTo-00307-00178671-00179236": "external regulation, whether through privatization or nationalization.", "1s23md3zJTo-00308-00179236-00179872": "But as Ostrom argues in her 1990 book Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions", "1s23md3zJTo-00309-00179872-00180548": "for Collective Action, this model - like other such models, like the prisoner's dilemma - was", "1s23md3zJTo-00310-00180548-00181223": "based on a particular and particularly pessimistic view of human possibility, one that could", "1s23md3zJTo-00311-00181223-00181495": "not escape from its own metaphor.", "1s23md3zJTo-00312-00181495-00182061": "\"What makes these models so dangerous,\" she argued, \"when they are used metaphorically", "1s23md3zJTo-00313-00182061-00182594": "as the foundation for policy - is that the constraints that are assumed to be fixed for", "1s23md3zJTo-00314-00182594-00183257": "the purpose of analysis are taken on faith as being fixed in empirical settings, unless", "1s23md3zJTo-00315-00183257-00183530": "external authorities change them.", "1s23md3zJTo-00316-00183530-00184113": "I would rather address the question of how to enhance the capabilities of those involved,", "1s23md3zJTo-00317-00184113-00184782": "to change the constraining rules of the game to lead to outcomes other than remorseless", "1s23md3zJTo-00318-00184782-00184908": "tragedies.\"", "1s23md3zJTo-00319-00184908-00185582": "So Ostrom’s work explored ways of organizing collective action that might ensure the sustainability", "1s23md3zJTo-00320-00185582-00185836": "of commonly held resources.", "1s23md3zJTo-00321-00185836-00186459": "And while Ostrom focused on natural resources such as fisheries, the problems that she described", "1s23md3zJTo-00322-00186459-00187048": "and the potential solutions she explored have some important things in common with institutions", "1s23md3zJTo-00323-00187048-00187827": "of higher education and the nonprofit, community-developed, academy-owned software projects like arXiv,", "1s23md3zJTo-00324-00187827-00188589": "like Samvera, like Humanities Commons, on which they should be able to rely.", "1s23md3zJTo-00325-00188589-00189060": "There are lots of examples of free and open digital scholarly platforms and projects like", "1s23md3zJTo-00326-00189060-00189340": "these, all of which face a common problem.", "1s23md3zJTo-00327-00189340-00189926": "There's often sufficient support available for building and implementing such systems,", "1s23md3zJTo-00328-00189926-00190453": "but there aren't funding programs designed to ensure that they can be maintained, and", "1s23md3zJTo-00329-00190453-00190986": "as a result, the tools and platforms accrue technical debt that becomes increasingly difficult", "1s23md3zJTo-00330-00190986-00191572": "to manage, rapidly making the projects appear unsustainable and thus leaving them in real", "1s23md3zJTo-00331-00191572-00191774": "danger of obsolescence.", "1s23md3zJTo-00332-00191774-00192472": "Now, some argue that the best means of ensuring the sustainability of such projects is economic,", "1s23md3zJTo-00333-00192472-00193103": "eliminating the free-rider problem by enclosing the commons, requiring individuals or institutions", "1s23md3zJTo-00334-00193103-00193399": "to pay in order to access them.", "1s23md3zJTo-00335-00193399-00193955": "But this privatization is, in many cases, the problem that community-developed projects", "1s23md3zJTo-00336-00193955-00194223": "were developed in order to evade.", "1s23md3zJTo-00337-00194223-00194788": "So as with Ostrom's fishing communities, it's incumbent on us to find the right modes of", "1s23md3zJTo-00338-00194788-00195452": "self-organization and self-governance that can keep the projects open and thriving.", "1s23md3zJTo-00339-00195452-00196119": "Last summer, Brett Bobley tweeted a question about ways of sustaining such projects.", "1s23md3zJTo-00340-00196119-00196648": "Numerous discussions and threads resulted from that question that are worth reading,", "1s23md3zJTo-00341-00196648-00197250": "but one that caught my attention in particular stems from this reply by Hugh Cayless, noting", "1s23md3zJTo-00342-00197250-00198019": "the institutional responsibility for maintaining these projects, about which I absolutely agree,", "1s23md3zJTo-00343-00198019-00198579": "especially when he moves beyond the economic into issues of labor and credit.", "1s23md3zJTo-00344-00198579-00199161": "However, as I argue in Generous Thinking, individual institutions cannot manage such", "1s23md3zJTo-00345-00199161-00199542": "responsibilities on their own.", "1s23md3zJTo-00346-00199542-00200004": "Cross-institutional collaborations are required in order to keep open-source software projects", "1s23md3zJTo-00347-00200004-00200130": "sustainable.", "1s23md3zJTo-00348-00200130-00200694": "And those collaborations demand that the staff participating in them not only be credited", "1s23md3zJTo-00349-00200694-00201316": "and paid appropriately for their labor, but, most challengingly, that they be supported", "1s23md3zJTo-00350-00201316-00201847": "in dedicating some portion of their labor to the collective good, rather than strictly", "1s23md3zJTo-00351-00201847-00202121": "to local requirements.", "1s23md3zJTo-00352-00202121-00202735": "Which is to say, that individual institutions of higher education must understand themselves", "1s23md3zJTo-00353-00202735-00203429": "as part of a community of such institutions, and they need to act in solidarity with that", "1s23md3zJTo-00354-00203429-00203529": "community.", "1s23md3zJTo-00355-00203529-00204019": "And this is why I increasingly want to argue that sustainability in open-source development", "1s23md3zJTo-00356-00204019-00204673": "has solidarity as a prerequisite, a recognition that the interests of the group require commitment", "1s23md3zJTo-00357-00204673-00205302": "from its members to that group, at times over and above their own individual interests.", "1s23md3zJTo-00358-00205302-00205910": "What I'm interested in thinking about is how we foster that commitment, how, in fact, we", "1s23md3zJTo-00359-00205910-00206512": "understand that commitment itself as a crucial form of social sustainability.", "1s23md3zJTo-00360-00206512-00207012": "But getting institutions to stop competing with one another and to start recognizing", "1s23md3zJTo-00361-00207012-00207594": "that they have more to gain from collaboration than they stand to lose in the rankings is", "1s23md3zJTo-00362-00207594-00208144": "no easy task, and the privatization that has gradually overtaken them since the Reagan", "1s23md3zJTo-00363-00208144-00208882": "era has resulted in a fundamentally market-oriented, competition-based approach to everything that", "1s23md3zJTo-00364-00208882-00209094": "the institution does.", "1s23md3zJTo-00365-00209094-00209527": "And making the argument that this approach must be set aside is a huge part of what I've", "1s23md3zJTo-00366-00209527-00210085": "tried to do in Generous Thinking, and it's equally a part of what we're trying to instantiate", "1s23md3zJTo-00367-00210085-00210338": "in Humanities Commons.", "1s23md3zJTo-00368-00210338-00210880": "So a brief side note on Humanities Commons, for those of you who may not be fully familiar", "1s23md3zJTo-00369-00210880-00211040": "with the project.", "1s23md3zJTo-00370-00211040-00211644": "The MLA is the largest scholarly society in the humanities, representing about 25,000", "1s23md3zJTo-00371-00211644-00212150": "members across North America and around the world, members who teach and study a very", "1s23md3zJTo-00372-00212150-00212661": "wide range of languages, literatures, and cultures - and, as Cliff mentioned, my former", "1s23md3zJTo-00373-00212661-00212808": "employer.", "1s23md3zJTo-00374-00212808-00213381": "With support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, we launched a social network called MLA Commons", "1s23md3zJTo-00375-00213381-00214053": "in 2013, in order to provide our members with a platform for communication and collaboration,", "1s23md3zJTo-00376-00214053-00214669": "both in order to extend year-round the kinds of conversations that take place at the annual", "1s23md3zJTo-00377-00214669-00215232": "meetings, and to provide means for members to share their scholarly work with one another.", "1s23md3zJTo-00378-00215232-00215750": "Within about 30 seconds of launching, however, we began to hear from our members about their", "1s23md3zJTo-00379-00215750-00216337": "desire to connect with folks who were in other areas of the humanities, and so we started", "1s23md3zJTo-00380-00216337-00216779": "looking for ways to support those connections across fields.", "1s23md3zJTo-00381-00216779-00217273": "So with further support from the Mellon Foundation, we first undertook a planning process and", "1s23md3zJTo-00382-00217273-00217887": "then developed a pilot project designed to connect multiple proprietary commons instances,", "1s23md3zJTo-00383-00217887-00218290": "each serving the membership of scholarly society.", "1s23md3zJTo-00384-00218290-00218967": "Humanities Commons went live in December 2016, linking MLA Commons with common spaces developed", "1s23md3zJTo-00385-00218967-00219479": "for the members of the Association for Jewish Studies, the Association for Slovak, East", "1s23md3zJTo-00386-00219479-00219919": "European, and Eurasian Studies, and the College Art Association.", "1s23md3zJTo-00387-00219919-00220485": "But beyond working with those partners, we wanted to provide a space where any researcher", "1s23md3zJTo-00388-00220485-00221025": "or practitioner in the humanities could create an account and share their work, and so we", "1s23md3zJTo-00389-00221025-00221689": "made the decision to open the network's hub to anyone who wants to join, across the disciplines", "1s23md3zJTo-00390-00221689-00222383": "and around the world, regardless of institutional affiliation or organizational membership.", "1s23md3zJTo-00391-00222383-00222900": "All Humanities Commons members can take advantage of all of the network's features.", "1s23md3zJTo-00392-00222900-00223513": "They can create rich professional profiles, participate in group discussions, create websites,", "1s23md3zJTo-00393-00223513-00224180": "and they can deposit and share their work in the network’s open access repository.", "1s23md3zJTo-00394-00224180-00224712": "And this fusion of the social network with a library-quality repository means that not", "1s23md3zJTo-00395-00224712-00225262": "only is stuff being put into the repository and not only can the stuff be found there,", "1s23md3zJTo-00396-00225262-00225791": "but it's also being actively used, as there's a community there that is actively sharing", "1s23md3zJTo-00397-00225791-00225998": "stuff in it.", "1s23md3zJTo-00398-00225998-00226825": "So while opening the Commons hub to free participation by any interested scholar or practitioner", "1s23md3zJTo-00399-00226825-00227325": "has significantly driven the platform's adoption in use, and a little over two years later", "1s23md3zJTo-00400-00227325-00228021": "we have over 17,000 members, it's created real challenges for our sustainability.", "1s23md3zJTo-00401-00228021-00228594": "Partner organizations have tended to see the value in paying to support the network services", "1s23md3zJTo-00402-00228594-00229092": "as lying in a benefit that they can provide to their members, and it's understandable,", "1s23md3zJTo-00403-00229092-00229525": "as they need to provide their members with such benefits in order to keep their members", "1s23md3zJTo-00404-00229525-00229683": "paying dues.", "1s23md3zJTo-00405-00229683-00230338": "But this model transforms Humanities Commons from a common-pool resource into a club good,", "1s23md3zJTo-00406-00230338-00230726": "one whose benefits are exclusive to those who pay.", "1s23md3zJTo-00407-00230726-00231238": "And some early interviews seem to suggest that many of the organizations who might have", "1s23md3zJTo-00408-00231238-00231989": "paid for the network if it were an exclusive service see the openness of the hub as diminishing", "1s23md3zJTo-00409-00231989-00232613": "the network's value to them, rather than recognizing that the network effects of a larger, more", "1s23md3zJTo-00410-00232613-00233111": "open community will ultimately serve their long-term interests.", "1s23md3zJTo-00411-00233111-00233586": "So we've been working to develop a model that will encourage organizations and institutions", "1s23md3zJTo-00412-00233586-00234202": "to invest in the network, to support it in an ongoing way, to recognize that, not only", "1s23md3zJTo-00413-00234202-00234826": "do they belong to the network, but that the network belongs to them, and its future depends", "1s23md3zJTo-00414-00234826-00234964": "on them.", "1s23md3zJTo-00415-00234964-00235446": "Making that case requires not just working revenue model, but, far more importantly,", "1s23md3zJTo-00416-00235446-00236010": "a compelling governance model, one that gives member organizations and institutions, as", "1s23md3zJTo-00417-00236010-00236686": "well as individual members, both a voice in the network's future and a stake in its outcomes.", "1s23md3zJTo-00418-00236686-00237233": "As Ostrom argues, a path to sustainability for a common-pool resource like Humanities", "1s23md3zJTo-00419-00237233-00237826": "Commons requires us to ensure that building the network’s community and enabling it", "1s23md3zJTo-00420-00237826-00238336": "to become self-governing is a precondition for its success.", "1s23md3zJTo-00421-00238336-00238869": "So the future of Humanities Commons, like the future of a host of open-source software", "1s23md3zJTo-00422-00238869-00239457": "and community-supported infrastructure projects, requires its participants to act in the interest", "1s23md3zJTo-00423-00239457-00240052": "of the collective, even where those interests do not immediately appear to be local.", "1s23md3zJTo-00424-00240052-00240644": "This form of solidarity is where real sustainability for academy-owned infrastructure, and for", "1s23md3zJTo-00425-00240644-00240926": "the academy itself, lies.", "1s23md3zJTo-00426-00240926-00241578": "My arguments to this end - probably needless to say - have a tough road ahead of them.", "1s23md3zJTo-00427-00241578-00242212": "I'm asking the university as an institution to undergo a fairly radical transformation,", "1s23md3zJTo-00428-00242212-00242725": "fully aligning its internal reward structures with the public mission that it claims to", "1s23md3zJTo-00429-00242725-00243415": "espouse, and this is where the need for a paradigm shift for politics arises.", "1s23md3zJTo-00430-00243415-00243934": "This is the conclusion reached by a study entitled “How significant are the public", "1s23md3zJTo-00431-00243934-00244485": "dimensions of faculty work in review, promotion, and tenure documents?”", "1s23md3zJTo-00432-00244485-00244601": "The answer?", "1s23md3zJTo-00433-00244601-00244729": "Not very.", "1s23md3zJTo-00434-00244729-00245328": "The study demonstrates the extent to which, as the authors note, \"Institutions that want", "1s23md3zJTo-00435-00245328-00245906": "to live up to their public mission need to work towards systemic change in how faculty", "1s23md3zJTo-00436-00245906-00246163": "work is assessed and incentivized.\"", "1s23md3zJTo-00437-00246163-00246736": "We've all no doubt got stories to tell that would support this conclusion, stories that", "1s23md3zJTo-00438-00246736-00247317": "illustrate the ways that the kinds of collaborative work that might best support the university's", "1s23md3zJTo-00439-00247317-00248042": "need for a more open, publicly oriented future goes un- or under-rewarded.", "1s23md3zJTo-00440-00248042-00248192": "Here's mine.", "1s23md3zJTo-00441-00248192-00248673": "Right around the time I began sketching the outline for this book, I attended a day-long", "1s23md3zJTo-00442-00248673-00249255": "workshop on new models for open scholarly communication, for which the provost at a", "1s23md3zJTo-00443-00249255-00249787": "large state research university had been invited to give the keynote address, and the keynote", "1s23md3zJTo-00444-00249787-00250017": "was extremely powerful.", "1s23md3zJTo-00445-00250017-00250742": "The provost described his campus’s efforts to embrace a renewed mission of public service,", "1s23md3zJTo-00446-00250742-00251373": "and he emphasized the role that broad public access to the faculty's work might play in", "1s23md3zJTo-00447-00251373-00251842": "transforming the environment in which the university operates today.", "1s23md3zJTo-00448-00251842-00252594": "The university's singular purpose is the public good, he said, but we are seen as being self-interested.", "1s23md3zJTo-00449-00252594-00253092": "Can opening our work up to the world help change the public discourse about us?", "1s23md3zJTo-00450-00253092-00253656": "And it was an inspiring talk, both rich in its analysis of how the university found its", "1s23md3zJTo-00451-00253656-00254203": "way into the economic and social problems that it now faces, and hopeful in thinking", "1s23md3zJTo-00452-00254203-00254898": "about new possibilities for renewed public commitment – or I should say, it was inspiring,", "1s23md3zJTo-00453-00254898-00255352": "right up until the moment when the relationship between scholarly publishing and tenure and", "1s23md3zJTo-00454-00255352-00255921": "promotion was raised, and then it was like somebody had dimmed the lights.", "1s23md3zJTo-00455-00255921-00256339": "We heard about the importance of maintaining prestige within the faculty through modes", "1s23md3zJTo-00456-00256339-00256883": "of assessment that ensure that faculty members are publishing in the highest quality venues,", "1s23md3zJTo-00457-00256883-00257011": "conventionally understood.", "1s23md3zJTo-00458-00257011-00257635": "So, frustrated by this shift, I asked the provost during the Q&A period what the possibilities", "1s23md3zJTo-00459-00257635-00258307": "might be for a very important, highly visible public research university that understands", "1s23md3zJTo-00460-00258307-00258951": "its primary mission to be service to the public good, to remove the tenure and promotion logjam", "1s23md3zJTo-00461-00258951-00259564": "in the transformation of scholarly communication by convening the entire academic campus - from", "1s23md3zJTo-00462-00259564-00260139": "the provost through the deans, the chairs, the faculty - in a collective project of revisiting,", "1s23md3zJTo-00463-00260139-00260746": "I mean really reimagining all of its personnel processes and the standards on which they", "1s23md3zJTo-00464-00260746-00261196": "rely, in light of a primary emphasis on the public good.", "1s23md3zJTo-00465-00261196-00261788": "What would become possible if all of those policies worked to ensure that what was considered", "1s23md3zJTo-00466-00261788-00262571": "excellence in research and teaching had its basis in the university's core service mission?", "1s23md3zJTo-00467-00262571-00263116": "The provost's response was more or less that any institution that took on such a project", "1s23md3zJTo-00468-00263116-00263594": "would immediately lose competitiveness in its institutional cohort.", "1s23md3zJTo-00469-00263594-00264155": "Now to say that this response was disappointing would be an understatement, but it was, if", "1s23md3zJTo-00470-00264155-00264333": "nothing else, honest.", "1s23md3zJTo-00471-00264333-00264924": "It made absolutely clear where for most research universities the rubber meets the road, and", "1s23md3zJTo-00472-00264924-00265527": "why lots of talk about openness, impact, public service, and generosity falls apart at the", "1s23md3zJTo-00473-00265527-00266098": "point at which it crosses paths with the more entrenched - if unspoken - principles around", "1s23md3zJTo-00474-00266098-00266525": "which our institutions are actually organized today.", "1s23md3zJTo-00475-00266525-00267082": "The inability of institutions of higher education to transform their internal structures and", "1s23md3zJTo-00476-00267082-00267681": "processes in order to fully align with their stated missions and values may mean that those", "1s23md3zJTo-00477-00267681-00268149": "institutions have not, in fact, fully embraced those missions or values.", "1s23md3zJTo-00478-00268149-00268754": "Or, perhaps, it's that there is a shadow mission – competition - that excludes the possibility", "1s23md3zJTo-00479-00268754-00269002": "of that full alignment.", "1s23md3zJTo-00480-00269002-00269549": "The worst of it, and the single fact that Generous Thinking is most driven by, is that", "1s23md3zJTo-00481-00269549-00269817": "that provost was correct.", "1s23md3zJTo-00482-00269817-00270873": "As currently structured, the entire system of higher education is engineered from individual", "1s23md3zJTo-00483-00270873-00271535": "institutions to accrediting agencies, funding bodies, and higher education press to promote", "1s23md3zJTo-00484-00271535-00272062": "a certain kind of competitiveness that relies on a certain kind of prestige.", "1s23md3zJTo-00485-00272062-00272631": "And any institution that seeks to transform the rules or the goals of the competition", "1s23md3zJTo-00486-00272631-00273133": "without dramatically altering its relationship to the system as a whole is likely to suffer", "1s23md3zJTo-00487-00273133-00273242": "for it.", "1s23md3zJTo-00488-00273242-00273850": "So what Chris Newfield has described as the mandate to compete all the time forecloses", "1s23md3zJTo-00489-00273850-00274410": "a whole range of opportunities for our institutions, making it impossible for them to take any", "1s23md3zJTo-00490-00274410-00274562": "other approach.", "1s23md3zJTo-00491-00274562-00275199": "So what I'm arguing, both directly in Generous Thinking and indirectly through Humanities", "1s23md3zJTo-00492-00275199-00275978": "Commons, is that the real threat to institutions of higher education today is not other institutions", "1s23md3zJTo-00493-00275978-00276489": "of higher education, not our place in the rankings that order us – rather, it's the", "1s23md3zJTo-00494-00276489-00277059": "creeping forces of privatization that continue to undermine our public mission.", "1s23md3zJTo-00495-00277059-00277573": "If we are to reclaim that mission, to reclaim control of the work produced in and by the", "1s23md3zJTo-00496-00277573-00278168": "university, we're going to have to do it as a sector, acting not just in solidarity with", "1s23md3zJTo-00497-00278168-00278831": "but with generosity toward both the other institutions to which we are inevitably connected", "1s23md3zJTo-00498-00278831-00279199": "and toward the public that we all jointly serve.", "1s23md3zJTo-00499-00279199-00279908": "If we're going to develop and sustain community-supported infrastructure, we have to become and genuinely", "1s23md3zJTo-00500-00279908-00280120": "act as a community.", "1s23md3zJTo-00501-00280120-00280719": "None of this will be easy, but the alternatives which we have seen building over the last", "1s23md3zJTo-00502-00280719-00281137": "few years, which will be far worse.", "1s23md3zJTo-00503-00281137-00282724": "And with that cheery note, I'm going to say thanks.", "1s23md3zJTo-00504-00282724-00283357": "So we've got a bit of time for questions, and I see that there are microphones in the", "1s23md3zJTo-00505-00283357-00283692": "aisles sort of, though I can't quite see them.", "1s23md3zJTo-00506-00283692-00284410": "So if you have them, please do approach a microphone so that we can get that audible", "1s23md3zJTo-00507-00284410-00284678": "to everyone, including me.", "1s23md3zJTo-00508-00284678-00285891": "[Audience member]: So I feel like I should address you as Elijah or something, because", "1s23md3zJTo-00509-00285891-00286494": "I feel like you're a prophet in the wilderness.", "1s23md3zJTo-00510-00286494-00287050": "It occurs to me that part of the challenge in achieving what you're suggesting is that", "1s23md3zJTo-00511-00287050-00287774": "the institutions that are most prestigious are the ones that are most likely to be influential", "1s23md3zJTo-00512-00287774-00288132": "and a change, but the irony of that is that they're also the ones that are currently winning", "1s23md3zJTo-00513-00288132-00288596": "by the current game and the current rules of the game.", "1s23md3zJTo-00514-00288596-00289131": "I wondered if you would comment on that in particular - have you had any better luck", "1s23md3zJTo-00515-00289131-00289537": "and success with those who are not at that level?", "1s23md3zJTo-00516-00289537-00289637": "[Kathleen]: Absolutely.", "1s23md3zJTo-00517-00289637-00290225": "I think that's a crucial point to make, and it's one that's equally operative within campuses,", "1s23md3zJTo-00518-00290225-00290440": "as well as across them.", "1s23md3zJTo-00519-00290440-00291049": "Trying to get the senior faculty of an institution to revisit policies and transform them can", "1s23md3zJTo-00520-00291049-00291576": "be quite difficult, because they succeeded just fine at them.", "1s23md3zJTo-00521-00291576-00292262": "So it really requires folks who are willing to step back and take a look at hierarchies", "1s23md3zJTo-00522-00292262-00293030": "on campus, at the ways that resources are distributed, who are willing to say, \"Okay,", "1s23md3zJTo-00523-00293030-00293732": "maybe supporting the collective is more important than the fact that we have succeeded at this", "1s23md3zJTo-00524-00293732-00293832": "model.\"", "1s23md3zJTo-00525-00293832-00294514": "It's entirely likely, you're correct, that at this kind of cross-institutional collaboration,", "1s23md3zJTo-00526-00294514-00295134": "there is more to be gained from working with institutions that aren't at the peak of the", "1s23md3zJTo-00527-00295134-00295951": "rankings, that aren't in the most elite budget strata of higher education.", "1s23md3zJTo-00528-00295951-00296490": "I do think that there are some consortia ... you know, coming now as a member of the Big Ten", "1s23md3zJTo-00529-00296490-00297240": "Academic Alliance, I think there's a lot of work to be done among state R1 institutions", "1s23md3zJTo-00530-00297240-00297951": "that are not of that top budgetary tier to really come together and think about what", "1s23md3zJTo-00531-00297951-00298381": "we can do collectively that none of us can afford to do alone.", "1s23md3zJTo-00532-00298381-00298934": "But I also hope that there's room in these kinds of collaborations for collaboration", "1s23md3zJTo-00533-00298934-00300041": "across layers of the institutional hierarchy, for the state flagship R1 institution to bring", "1s23md3zJTo-00534-00300041-00300712": "the R2s, the regional comprehensives, the community colleges along in these collaborations.", "1s23md3zJTo-00535-00300712-00301225": "Because, again, there's a phenomenal amount of energy and, goodness knows, a phenomenal", "1s23md3zJTo-00536-00301225-00301787": "number of students being served as you start looking at these other kinds of institutions", "1s23md3zJTo-00537-00301787-00302227": "that we really need to support much better than we're doing.", "1s23md3zJTo-00538-00302227-00302780": "So part of what I'm hoping is to be able to appeal to some of those institutions that", "1s23md3zJTo-00539-00302780-00303355": "don't really have to collaborate - because, in fact, they can do things by themselves", "1s23md3zJTo-00540-00303355-00303801": "- to say, \"Yes, but if you do, look at how much of this you can help.", "1s23md3zJTo-00541-00303801-00304567": "And if you help all of us, you help yourself by sustaining the sector as a whole.\"", "1s23md3zJTo-00542-00304567-00305323": "Sorry, the lights are a little intense so I am having to see if there are other people", "1s23md3zJTo-00543-00305323-00305423": "standing up.", "1s23md3zJTo-00544-00305423-00305564": "Hi, thank you.", "1s23md3zJTo-00545-00305564-00306029": "[Audience member]: I feel like a lot of people have questions and maybe I'll ask one that's", "1s23md3zJTo-00546-00306029-00306234": "on people's mind, or put out a thought.", "1s23md3zJTo-00547-00306234-00306580": "My name's Dale Askey, I'm at the University of Alberta, and a lot of what you've talked", "1s23md3zJTo-00548-00306580-00307311": "about is universal, but some of it applies specifically to the United States, but the", "1s23md3zJTo-00549-00307311-00307706": "one place where all of us globally collide are in these rankings.", "1s23md3zJTo-00550-00307706-00308584": "And I feel like ... you were talking about the provost's answer and it seems like everything", "1s23md3zJTo-00551-00308584-00309771": "goes on the hill of tenure and promotion to die, but really, at the end of the day, the", "1s23md3zJTo-00552-00309771-00310149": "rankings - we all make fun of them, provosts and presidents in private will roll their", "1s23md3zJTo-00553-00310149-00310249": "eyes about them, but they are absolutely beholden to them.", "1s23md3zJTo-00554-00310249-00310349": "[Kathleen]: Absolutely.", "1s23md3zJTo-00555-00310349-00310669": "[Dale]: And as long as they're in place and as long as the model behind those is driven", "1s23md3zJTo-00556-00310669-00310889": "by a single publisher who controls most of the data, which controls the largest chunk", "1s23md3zJTo-00557-00310889-00310989": "of those rankings, are we kind of just running up against an obelisk there?", "1s23md3zJTo-00558-00310989-00311089": "Another depressing thought, just curious what you think about the rankings.", "1s23md3zJTo-00559-00311089-00311189": "I mean, obviously, not much.", "1s23md3zJTo-00560-00311189-00311898": "[Kathleen]: I do think that the beholdenness of our higher administrations to those rankings", "1s23md3zJTo-00561-00311898-00312442": "is a really serious problem.", "1s23md3zJTo-00562-00312442-00312916": "Insofar as there is good news on this side of the Atlantic, is that we're not quite as", "1s23md3zJTo-00563-00312916-00313524": "beholden to them as they are right now in the UK, that things are even more intense", "1s23md3zJTo-00564-00313524-00313624": "there.", "1s23md3zJTo-00565-00313624-00313985": "Though I will say that I have this week a piece coming out in the Times Higher Ed saying,", "1s23md3zJTo-00566-00313985-00314326": "you know, give up your rankings.", "1s23md3zJTo-00567-00314326-00314846": "So we'll see if that does any good whatsoever.", "1s23md3zJTo-00568-00314846-00315108": "I'm not holding my breath exactly.", "1s23md3zJTo-00569-00315108-00315788": "But I do think that we need to start having some really hard conversations about what", "1s23md3zJTo-00570-00315788-00316236": "exactly these rankings are telling us and why we care about them so much.", "1s23md3zJTo-00571-00316236-00317122": "I mean, a huge percentage of that ranking has to do with weird statistics like the acceptance", "1s23md3zJTo-00572-00317122-00317793": "rate among students applying to the institution, which means that you climb the rankings not", "1s23md3zJTo-00573-00317793-00318546": "based on how well you serve the students that you admit, but on how many you cannot serve.", "1s23md3zJTo-00574-00318546-00318883": "So the more you reject, the better off you are.", "1s23md3zJTo-00575-00318883-00319607": "That's a real problem, and that we're valuing those kinds of metrics over other kinds of", "1s23md3zJTo-00576-00319607-00320087": "metrics that actually reflect on the values that we have in the mission that we have is", "1s23md3zJTo-00577-00320087-00320240": "a real issue.", "1s23md3zJTo-00578-00320240-00320905": "At the individual faculty assessment level, there's a project that my dean Chris Long", "1s23md3zJTo-00579-00320905-00321504": "and a whole host of his collaborators have been working on, HuMetrics, which is seeking", "1s23md3zJTo-00580-00321504-00322130": "humane metrics for the humanities and social sciences, to say that we need to stop counting", "1s23md3zJTo-00581-00322130-00322732": "things just because they can be counted, and instead really start assessing our work based", "1s23md3zJTo-00582-00322732-00323100": "on the actual values that we hold.", "1s23md3zJTo-00583-00323100-00323658": "It's a heavy lift to try and figure out, first, what those values are; secondly, are they", "1s23md3zJTo-00584-00323658-00323758": "shared?", "1s23md3zJTo-00585-00323758-00324309": "And third, how, then, do you measure things based on values?", "1s23md3zJTo-00586-00324309-00324859": "But it's only in undertaking that lift and really being willing to work on that incredibly", "1s23md3zJTo-00587-00324859-00325550": "thorny problem that we might get past the horrifying quantification of productivity", "1s23md3zJTo-00588-00325550-00325762": "in faculty life these days.", "1s23md3zJTo-00589-00325762-00326300": "And I firmly believe this for institutions, too, that unless institutions come together", "1s23md3zJTo-00590-00326300-00326458": "and say, \"You know what?", "1s23md3zJTo-00591-00326458-00326980": "The things that we really value are how well we're serving the community around us.", "1s23md3zJTo-00592-00326980-00327641": "The things that we really value have to do with our students and their personal but also", "1s23md3zJTo-00593-00327641-00328114": "social success out in the world after they leave us.\"", "1s23md3zJTo-00594-00328114-00328957": "And that ... this is the point at which I sputter into ultimately saying, we really", "1s23md3zJTo-00595-00328957-00329500": "need to find ways to have that conversation about leaving those rankings behind and finding", "1s23md3zJTo-00596-00329500-00330167": "some other way to do an assessment that might actually matter.", "1s23md3zJTo-00597-00330167-00330747": "[Applause] Thanks.", "1s23md3zJTo-00598-00330747-00331052": "So I think there might be time for one more, if there is one more.", "1s23md3zJTo-00599-00331052-00331231": "There seems to be one more, okay.", "1s23md3zJTo-00600-00331231-00331407": "[Audience member]: I'll take it.", "1s23md3zJTo-00601-00331407-00331690": "That was fantastic, thank you.", "1s23md3zJTo-00602-00331690-00332854": "So this idea that one institution alone can't make the wholesale change to solve what is", "1s23md3zJTo-00603-00332854-00333379": "a network and a collective problem, I think is really important, and individuals can't", "1s23md3zJTo-00604-00333379-00333479": "solve it.", "1s23md3zJTo-00605-00333479-00333876": "So I want to get your thoughts on, what do you think about that middle layer, which is", "1s23md3zJTo-00606-00333876-00334518": "department- or discipline-specific networks and collaborations.", "1s23md3zJTo-00607-00334518-00335392": "So what if - not a random example - departments took ... at one school, I don't know, pick", "1s23md3zJTo-00608-00335392-00336200": "an R1 somewhere on the East Coast, were to actually be charged with creating plans for", "1s23md3zJTo-00609-00336200-00337126": "how to value the open impact of their scholars, and they did that planning in conjunction", "1s23md3zJTo-00610-00337126-00337832": "with departments across the country from all kinds of schools, would that move us further", "1s23md3zJTo-00611-00337832-00338012": "than the top-down or the bottoms-up?", "1s23md3zJTo-00612-00338012-00338182": "I don't know.", "1s23md3zJTo-00613-00338182-00338410": "I hope it will.", "1s23md3zJTo-00614-00338410-00338510": "[Kathleen]: I think it might.", "1s23md3zJTo-00615-00338510-00338973": "I think there's something to be said in this, and I think getting those departments to recognize", "1s23md3zJTo-00616-00338973-00339706": "the level of power they have in this matter is extremely important.", "1s23md3zJTo-00617-00339706-00340225": "I've had this conversation, not just with my dean but with other deans as well - and", "1s23md3zJTo-00618-00340225-00340764": "with provosts, for that matter - who have said that there's this perception among the", "1s23md3zJTo-00619-00340764-00341304": "faculty, and including among department chairs, that, for instance, on the matter of tenure", "1s23md3zJTo-00620-00341304-00341820": "and promotion standards, whatever the department wants to promote, that's great.", "1s23md3zJTo-00621-00341820-00342252": "But once things hit the college level or the university level, they won't support it.", "1s23md3zJTo-00622-00342252-00342822": "And, in fact, the deans and the provosts that I've talked to have said, \"We really don't", "1s23md3zJTo-00623-00342822-00343351": "care that much, we want to know what your standards are and we want to know that you're", "1s23md3zJTo-00624-00343351-00343753": "employing them well and fairly and rigorously.", "1s23md3zJTo-00625-00343753-00344326": "But beyond that, what your field values as scholarship, that's awesome.\"", "1s23md3zJTo-00626-00344326-00345008": "Because deans and provosts are used to promoting architects, and they're used to promoting", "1s23md3zJTo-00627-00345008-00345426": "people teaching dance, and they're used to promoting a whole range of things that has", "1s23md3zJTo-00628-00345426-00345736": "nothing to do with books and journal articles.", "1s23md3zJTo-00629-00345736-00346315": "So if a department were able to come together and say, \"You know what, the form that this", "1s23md3zJTo-00630-00346315-00346804": "work takes, we are way less concerned about than the impact that it has.", "1s23md3zJTo-00631-00346804-00347426": "So for us, what most matters is x, y, and z that has to do with the public impact that", "1s23md3zJTo-00632-00347426-00348024": "this work is having,\" and they passed that up to the dean, it is very likely that a conversation", "1s23md3zJTo-00633-00348024-00348511": "could ensue that could then have effects on the rest of that college.", "1s23md3zJTo-00634-00348511-00348941": "So my hope is that, yeah, I mean, I would love to hear more about this project at that", "1s23md3zJTo-00635-00348941-00349524": "hypothetical R1 institution on the East Coast, because I do think that this is one of those", "1s23md3zJTo-00636-00349524-00350003": "places where we could actually get some traction on some problems like these.", "1s23md3zJTo-00637-00350003-00350275": "All right.", "1s23md3zJTo-00638-00350275-00351077": "Have a lovely conference, thank you.", "1s23md3zJTo-00639-00351077-00351386": "[Clifford]: Thank you.", "1s23md3zJTo-00640-00351386-00352193": "I couldn't ask for a better start to our discussions over the next day and a half.", "1s23md3zJTo-00641-00352193-00352667": "Thank you so much, Kathleen.", "1s23md3zJTo-00642-00352667-00352952": "[Kathleen]: Thanks, Cliff."}}]